text:
\section{Introduction}

The investigation of relativistic cosmological models usually has
the energy momentum tensor of matter generated by a perfect fluid.
To consider more realistic models, one must take into account the
viscosity mechanisms, which have already attracted attention
of many researchers. Misner \cite{mis1,mis2} suggested that strong
dissipative due to the neutrino viscosity may considerably reduce
the anisotropy of the black-body radiation. Viscosity mechanism in
cosmology can explain the anomalously high entropy per baryon in
the present universe \cite{wein,weinb}. Bulk viscosity associated
with the grand-unified-theory phase transition \cite{lang} may
lead to an inflationary scenario \cite{waga,pacher,guth}.

A uniform cosmological model filled with fluid which possesses pressure
and second (bulk) viscosity was developed by Murphy \cite{murphy}. The
solutions that he found exhibit an interesting feature that the big bang
type singularity appears in the infinite past. Exact solutions of the
isotropic homogeneous cosmology for open, closed and flat universe have
been found by Santos et al \cite{santos}, with the bulk viscosity being
a power function of energy density.

The nature of cosmological solutions for homogeneous Bianchi type
I (BI) model was investigated by Belinsky and Khalatnikov
\cite{belin} by taking into account a dissipative process due to
viscosity. They showed that viscosity cannot remove the
cosmological singularity but results in a qualitatively new
behavior of the solutions near singularity. They found the
remarkable property that during the time of the \textit{big bang}
matter is created by the gravitational field. BI solutions in case
of stiff matter with a shear viscosity being the power function of
of energy density were obtained by Banerjee \cite{baner}, whereas
BI models with bulk viscosity ($\eta$) that is a power function of
energy density $\ve$ and when the universe is filled with stiff
matter were studied by Huang \cite{huang}. The effect of bulk
viscosity, with a time varying bulk viscous coefficient, on the
evolution of isotropic FRW models was investigated in the context
of open thermodynamics system was studied by Desikan
\cite{desikan}. This study was further developed by Krori and
Mukherjee \cite{krori} for anisotropic Bianchi models.
Cosmological solutions with nonlinear bulk viscosity were obtained
in \cite{chim}. Models with both shear and bulk viscosity were
investigated in \cite{elst,meln}.

Though Murphy \cite{murphy} claimed that the introduction of bulk
viscosity can avoid the initial singularity at finite past,
results obtained in \cite{barrow} show that, it is, in general,
not valid, since for some cases big bang singularity occurs in
finite past. To eliminate the initial singularities a
self-consistent system of nonlinear spinor and BI gravitational
field was considered by us in a series of papers
\cite{sahajmp,sahaprd,sahagrg,sahal}. For some cases we were able
to find field (both matter and gravitational) configurations those
were always regular. In the papers mentioned above we considered
the system of interacting nonlinear spinor and/or scalar fields in
a BI universe filled with perfect fluid. We also study the above
system in presence of cosmological constant $\Lambda$ (both
constant and time varying \cite{sahal}). A nonlinear spinor field,
suggested by the symmetric coupling between nucleons, muons, and
leptons, has been investigated by Finkelstein et. al.
\cite{finkel} in the classical approximation. Although the
existence of spin-$1/2$ fermion is both theoretically and
experimentally undisputed, these are described by {\it quantum}
spinor fields. Possible justifications for the existence of
classical spinors has been addressed in \cite{greene}. In view of
what has been mentioned above, it would be interesting to study
the influence of viscous fluid to the system of material (say
spinor and/or scalar) and BI gravitational fields in presence of a
$\Lambda$-term as well. In a recent paper we studied the Bianchi type-I
universe filled with viscous fluid in presence of a $\Lambda$ term
\cite{Visprd04}. This study was further developed in \cite{Visprd04} where
we present qualitative analysis of the corresponding system of equations.
Finally in \cite{Visprd04} we introduced spinor field into the system and
solved the system for some special choice of viscosity. The purpose of
this paper is to further developed those results for more general cases and
give some numerical results. It should be noted the in the process there occurs
a very rich system of equations for volume scale, Hubble constant and energy density.
The qualitative analysis of this system is under active study and we plan to present
those results soon.

        \section{Derivation of Basic Equations}
In this section we derive the fundamental equations for the
interacting spinor, scalar and gravitational fields from the
action and write their solutions in term of the volume scale
$\tau$ defined bellow \eqref{taudef}. We also derive the equation
for $\tau$ which plays the central role here.

We consider a system of nonlinear spinor, scalar and BI gravitational
field in presence of perfect fluid given by the action
\begin{equation}
{\cal S}(g; \p, \bp) = \int\, {\cal L} \sqrt{-g} d\Omega
\label{action}
\end{equation}
with
\begin{equation}
{\cal L} = {\cal L}_{\rm g} + {\cal L}_{\rm sp} + {\cal L}_{\rm
m}. \label{lag}
\end{equation}
The gravitational part of the Lagrangian \eqref{lag} is given by a
Bianchi type I (BI hereafter) space-time, whereas ${\cal L}_{\rm
sp}$ describes the spinor field lagrangian and ${\cal L}_{\rm m}$
stands for the lagrangian density of viscous fluid.

             \subsection{Material field Lagrangian}
For a spinor field $\p$, symmetry between $\p$ and $\bp$ appears
to demand that one should choose the symmetrized Lagrangian~
\cite{kibble}. Keep it in mind we choose the spinor field
Lagrangian as
\begin{equation}
{\cal L}_{\rm sp}=\frac{i}{2} \biggl[ \bp \gamma^{\mu}
\nabla_{\mu} \p- \nabla_{\mu} \bp \gamma^{\mu} \p \biggr] - m\bp
\p + \lambda F,  \label{nlspin}
\end{equation}
Here $m$ is the spinor mass, $\lambda$ is the self-coupling
constant and $F = F(I,J)$ with $I = S^ 2= (\bar \psi \psi)^2$ and
$J = P^2 = (i \bar \psi \gamma^5 \psi)^2$. According to the
Pauli-Fierz theorem \cite{Ber} among the five invariants only $I$
and $J$ are independent as all other can be expressed by them:
$I_V = - I_A = I + J$ and $I_Q = I - J.$ Therefore, the choice $F
= F(I, J)$, describes the nonlinearity in the most general of its
form \cite{sahaprd}. Note that setting $\lambda = 0$ in
\eqref{nlspin} we come to the case with linear spinor field.

             \subsection{The gravitational field}
As a gravitational field we consider the Bianchi type I (BI) cosmological
model. It is the simplest model of anisotropic universe that describes
a homogeneous and spatially flat space-time and if filled with perfect
fluid with the equation of state $p = \zeta \ve, \quad \zeta < 1$, it
eventually evolves into a FRW universe \cite{jacobs}. The isotropy of
present-day universe makes BI model a prime candidate for studying the
possible effects of an anisotropy in the early universe on modern-day
data observations. In view of what has been mentioned above we choose
the gravitational part of the Lagrangian \eqref{lag} in the form
\begin{equation}
{\cal L}_{\rm g} = \frac{R}{2\kappa},
\label{lgrav}
\end{equation}
where $R$ is the scalar curvature, $\kappa = 8 \pi G$
being the Einstein's gravitational constant. The gravitational field in
our case is given by a Bianchi type I (BI) metric
\begin{equation}
ds^2 = dt^2 - a^2 dx^2 - b^2 dy^2 - c^2 dz^2,
\label{BI}
\end{equation}
with $a,\, b,\, c$ being the functions of time $t$ only. Here the speed of
light is taken to be unity.

  \subsection{Field equations}
Let us now write the field equations corresponding to the action
\eqref{action}.

Variation of \eqref{action} with respect to spinor field $\psi\,(\bp)$
gives spinor field equations
\begin{subequations}
\label{speq}
\begin{eqnarray}
i\gamma^\mu \nabla_\mu \psi - m \psi + {\cD} \psi +
{\cG} i \gamma^5 \psi &=&0, \label{speq1} \\
i \nabla_\mu \bp \gamma^\mu +  m \bp - {\cD} \bp -
{\cG} i \bp \gamma^5 &=& 0, \label{speq2}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}
where we denote
$$ {\cD} =  2\lambda S \frac{\pr F}{\pr I},
\quad
{\cG} = 2 \lambda P \frac{\pr F}{\pr J}.$$

Variation of \eqref{action} with respect to metric tensor
$g_{\mu\nu}$ gives the Einstein's equations which in account of
the $\Lambda$-term for the BI space-time \eqref{BI} can be
rewritten as
\begin{subequations}
\label{BID}
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\ddot b}{b} +\frac{\ddot c}{c} + \frac{\dot b}{b}\frac{\dot
c}{c}&=&  \kappa T_{1}^{1} +\Lambda,\label{11}\\
\frac{\ddot c}{c} +\frac{\ddot a}{a} + \frac{\dot c}{c}\frac{\dot
a}{a}&=&  \kappa T_{2}^{2} + \Lambda,\label{22}\\
\frac{\ddot a}{a} +\frac{\ddot b}{b} + \frac{\dot a}{a}\frac{\dot
b}{b}&=&  \kappa T_{3}^{3} + \Lambda,\label{33}\\
\frac{\dot a}{a}\frac{\dot b}{b} +\frac{\dot b}{b}\frac{\dot c}{c}
+\frac{\dot c}{c}\frac{\dot a}{a}&=&  \kappa T_{0}^{0} + \Lambda,
\label{00}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}
where over dot means differentiation with respect to $t$
and $T_{\nu}^{\mu}$ is the energy-momentum tensor
of the material field given by
\begin{equation}
T_{\mu}^{\nu} = T_{{\rm sp}\,\mu}^{\,\,\,\nu} + T_{{\rm m}\,\mu}^{\,\,\,\nu}.
\label{tem}
\end{equation}
Here $T_{{\rm sp}\,\mu}^{\,\,\,\nu}$ is the energy-momentum tensor of
the spinor field which with regard to \eqref{speq} has the form
\begin{eqnarray}
T_{{\rm sp}\,\mu}^{\,\,\,\rho}&=&\frac{i}{4} g^{\rho\nu}\biggl(\bp \gamma_\mu
\nabla_\nu \psi + \bp \gamma_\nu \nabla_\mu \psi - \nabla_\mu \bar
\psi \gamma_\nu \psi - \nabla_\nu \bp \gamma_\mu \psi \biggr)\label{temsp} \\
&+&\delta_{\mu}^{\rho} \bigl({\cD} S + {\cG} P - \lambda F\bigr).
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}

$T_{{\rm m}\mu}^{\nu}$ is the energy-momentum tensor of a viscous
fluid having the form
\begin{equation}
T_{{\rm m}\mu}^{\nu} = (\ve + p^\prm) u_\mu u^\nu - p^{\prm}
\delta_\mu^\nu + \eta g^{\nu \beta} [u_{\mu;\beta}+u_{\beta:\mu}
-u_\mu u^\alpha u_{\beta;\alpha} - u_\beta u^\alpha
u_{\mu;\alpha}], \label{imper}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
p^{\prm} = p - (\xi - \frac{2}{3} \eta) u^\mu_{;\mu}.
\label{ppr}
\end{equation}
Here $\ve$ is the energy density, $p$ - pressure, $\eta$ and $\xi$
are the coefficients of shear and bulk viscosity, respectively. In
a comoving system of reference such that $u^\mu = (1,\,0,\,0,\,0)$
we have
\begin{subequations}
\begin{eqnarray}
T_{{\rm m}0}^{0} &=& \ve, \\
T_{{\rm m}1}^{1} &=& - p^{\prm} + 2 \eta \frac{\dot a}{a}, \\
T_{{\rm m}2}^{2} &=& - p^{\prm} + 2 \eta \frac{\dot b}{b}, \\
T_{{\rm m}3}^{3} &=& - p^{\prm} + 2 \eta \frac{\dot c}{c}.
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}

In the Eqs. \eqref{speq} and \eqref{temsp} $\nabla_\mu$ is the covariant
derivatives acting on a spinor field as ~\cite{zhelnorovich,brill}
\begin{equation}
\label{cvd}
\nabla_\mu \psi = \frac{\partial \psi}{\partial x^\mu} -\G_\mu \psi, \quad
\nabla_\mu \bp = \frac{\partial \bp}{\partial x^\mu} + \bp \G_\mu,
\end{equation}
where $\G_\mu$ are the Fock-Ivanenko spinor connection coefficients
defined by
\begin{equation}
\G_\mu = \frac{1}{4} \gamma^\sigma \Bigl(\G_{\mu \sigma}^{\nu} \gamma_{\nu}
- \partial_{\mu} \gamma_{\sigma}\Bigr).
\label{fock}
\end{equation}
For the metric \eqref{BI} one has the following components
of the spinor connection coefficients
\begin{eqnarray}
\G_0 = 0, \quad
\G_1 = \frac{1}{2}\dot a(t) \bg^1 \bg^0, \quad
\G_2 = \frac{1}{2}\dot b(t) \bg^2 \bg^0, \quad
\G_3 = \frac{1}{2}\dot c(t) \bg^3 \bg^0.
\label{ficc}
\end{eqnarray}
The Dirac matrices $\gamma^\mu(x)$ of curved space-time are
connected with those of Minkowski one as follows:
$$ \gamma^0=\bg^0,\quad \gamma^1 =\bg^1/a,
\quad \gamma^2=\bg^2 /b,\quad \gamma^3 =\bg^3 /c$$
with
\begin{eqnarray}
\bg^0\,=\,\left(\begin{array}{cc}I&0\\0&-I\end{array}\right), \quad
\bg^i\,=\,\left(\begin{array}{cc}0&\sigma^i\\
-\sigma^i&0\end{array}\right), \quad
\gamma^5 = \bg^5&=&\left(\begin{array}{cc}0&-I\\
-I&0\end{array}\right),\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where $\sigma_i$ are the Pauli matrices:
\begin{eqnarray}
\sigma^1\,=\,\left(\begin{array}{cc}0&1\\1&0\end{array}\right),
\quad
\sigma^2\,=\,\left(\begin{array}{cc}0&-i\\i&0\end{array}\right),
\quad
\sigma^3\,=\,\left(\begin{array}{cc}1&0\\0&-1\end{array}\right).
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
Note that the $\bg$ and the $\sigma$ matrices obey the following
properties:
\begin{eqnarray}
\bg^i \bg^j + \bg^j \bg^i = 2 \eta^{ij},\quad i,j = 0,1,2,3
\nonumber\\
\bg^i \bg^5 + \bg^5 \bg^i = 0, \quad (\bg^5)^2 = I,
\quad i=0,1,2,3 \nonumber\\
\sigma^j \sigma^k = \delta_{jk} + i \varepsilon_{jkl} \sigma^l,
\quad j,k,l = 1,2,3 \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where $\eta_{ij} = \{1,-1,-1,-1\}$ is the diagonal matrix,
$\delta_{jk}$ is the Kronekar symbol and $\varepsilon_{jkl}$
is the totally antisymmetric matrix with $\varepsilon_{123} = +1$.

We study the space-independent solutions to the spinor
field equations \eqref{speq} so that
$\psi=\psi(t)$.
Here we define
\begin{equation}
\tau = a b c = \sqrt{-g}
\label{taudef}
\end{equation}

The spinor field equation \eqref{speq1} in account of \eqref{cvd} and
\eqref{ficc} takes the form
\begin{equation} i\bg^0
\biggl(\frac{\partial}{\partial t} +\frac{\dot \tau}{2 \tau} \biggr) \psi
- m \psi + {\cD}\psi + {\cG} i \gamma^5 \psi = 0.
\label{spq}
\end{equation}
Setting $V_j(t) = \sqrt{\tau} \psi_j(t), \quad j=1,2,3,4,$ from
\eqref{spq} one deduces the following system of equations:
\begin{subequations}
\label{V}
\begin{eqnarray}
\dot{V}_{1} + i (m - {\cD}) V_{1} - {\cG} V_{3} &=& 0, \\
\dot{V}_{2} + i (m - {\cD}) V_{2} - {\cG} V_{4} &=& 0, \\
\dot{V}_{3} - i (m - {\cD}) V_{3} + {\cG} V_{1} &=& 0, \\
\dot{V}_{4} - i (m - {\cD}) V_{4} + {\cG} V_{2} &=& 0.
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}

From \eqref{speq1} we also write the equations for the invariants
$S,\quad P$ and $A = \bp \bg^5 \bg^0 \psi$
\begin{subequations}
\label{inv}
\begin{eqnarray}
{\dot S_0} - 2 {\cG}\, A_0 &=& 0, \label{S0}\\
{\dot P_0} - 2 (m - {\cD})\, A_0 &=& 0, \label{P0}\\
{\dot A_0} + 2 (m - {\cD})\, P_0 + 2 {\cG} S_0 &=& 0, \label{A0}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}
where $S_0 = \tau S, \quad P_0 = \tau P$, and $ A_0 = \tau A.$ The
Eq. \eqref{inv} leads to the following relation
\begin{equation}
S^2 + P^2 + A^2 =  C^2/ \tau^2, \qquad C^2 = {\rm const.}
\label{inv1}
\end{equation}

Giving the concrete form of $F$ from \eqref{V} one writes
the components of the spinor functions in explicitly and
using the solutions obtained one can write the components of
spinor current:
\begin{equation}
j^\mu = \bp \gamma^\mu \psi.
\label{spincur}
\end{equation}
The component $j^0$
\begin{equation}
j^0 = \frac{1}{\tau}
\bigl[V_{1}^{*} V_{1} + V_{2}^{*} V_{2} + V_{3}^{*} V_{3}
+ V_{4}^{*} V_{4}\bigr],
\end{equation}
defines the charge density of spinor field
that has the following chronometric-invariant form
\begin{equation}
\varrho = (j_0\cdot j^0)^{1/2}.
\label{rho}
\end{equation}
The total charge of spinor field is defined as
\begin{equation}
Q = \int\limits_{-\infty}^{\infty} \varrho \sqrt{-^3 g} dx dy dz =
   \varrho \tau {\cal V},
\label{charge}
\end{equation}
where ${\cal V}$ is the volume. From the spin tensor
\begin{equation}
S^{\mu\nu,\epsilon} = \frac{1}{4}\bp \bigl\{\gamma^\epsilon
\sigma^{\mu\nu}+\sigma^{\mu\nu}\gamma^\epsilon\bigr\} \psi.
\label{spin}
\end{equation}
one finds chronometric invariant spin tensor
\begin{equation}
S_{{\rm ch}}^{ij,0} = \bigl(S_{ij,0} S^{ij,0}\bigr)^{1/2},
\label{chij}
\end{equation}
and the projection of the spin vector on $k$ axis
\begin{equation}
S_k = \int\limits_{-\infty}^{\infty} S_{{\rm ch}}^{ij,0}
\sqrt{-^3 g} dx dy dz = S_{{\rm ch}}^{ij,0} \tau V.
\label{proj}
\end{equation}

Let us now solve the Einstein equations. To do it, we first write the
expressions for the components of the energy-momentum tensor explicitly:
\begin{subequations}
\label{total}
\begin{eqnarray}
T_{0}^{0} &=& m S -\lambda F + \ve \equiv \tilde{T}_{0}^{0},\\
T_{1}^{1} &=& {\cD} S + {\cG} P - \lambda F
- p^{\prm} + 2 \eta \frac{\dot a}{a} \equiv \tilde{T}_{1}^{1} + 2 \eta \frac{\dot a}{a}, \\
T_{2}^{2} &=& {\cD} S + {\cG} P - \lambda F
- p^{\prm} + 2 \eta \frac{\dot b}{b} \equiv \tilde{T}_{1}^{1} + 2 \eta \frac{\dot b}{b},, \\
T_{3}^{3} &=& {\cD} S + {\cG} P - \lambda F - p^{\prm} + 2 \eta
\frac{\dot c}{c} \equiv \tilde{T}_{1}^{1} + 2 \eta \frac{\dot
c}{c},.
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}
In account of \eqref{total} subtracting \eqref{11} from \eqref{22},
one finds the following relation between $a$ and $b$:
\begin{equation}
\frac{a}{b}= D_1 \exp \biggl(X_1 \int \frac{
e^{-2 \kappa \int \eta dt}dt}{\tau}\biggr).
\label{ab}
\end{equation}
Analogically, one finds
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{b}{c}= D_2 \exp \biggl(X_2 \int \frac{
e^{-2 \kappa \int \eta dt}dt}{\tau}\biggr), \quad
\frac{c}{a}= D_3 \exp \biggl(X_3 \int \frac{
e^{-2 \kappa \int \eta dt}dt}{\tau}\biggr).
\label{ac}
\end{eqnarray}
Here $D_1,\,D_2,\,D_3,\,X_1,\, X_2, X_3 $ are integration constants, obeying
\begin{eqnarray}
D_1 D_2 D_3 = 1, \quad X_1 + X_2 + X_3 = 0.
\label{intcon}
\end{eqnarray}

In view of \eqref{intcon} from \eqref{ab} and \eqref{ac}
we write the metric functions explicitly~\cite{sahaprd}
\begin{subequations}
\label{abc}
\begin{eqnarray}
a(t) &=&
(D_{1}/D_{3})^{1/3}\tau^{1/3}\exp \biggl[\frac{X_1 - X_3
}{3} \int\,\frac{e^{-2 \kappa \int \eta dt}}{\tau (t)} dt \biggr],
\label{a} \\
b(t) &=&
(D_{1}^{2}D_{3})^{-1/3}\tau^{1/3}\exp \biggl[-\frac{2 X_1 + X_3
}{3} \int\,\frac{e^{-2 \kappa \int \eta dt} }{\tau (t)} dt \biggr],
\label{b} \\
c(t) &=&
(D_{1}D_{3}^{2})^{1/3}\tau^{1/3}\exp \biggl[\frac{X_1 + 2 X_3
}{3} \int\,\frac{e^{-2 \kappa \int \eta dt}}{\tau (t)} dt \biggr].
\label{c}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}
As one sees from \eqref{a}, \eqref{b} and \eqref{c}, for $\tau = t^n$
with $n > 1$ the exponent tends to unity at large $t$, and the
anisotropic model becomes isotropic one.

Further we will investigate the existence of singularity (singular
point) of the gravitational case, which can be done by
investigating the invariant characteristics of the space-time. In
general relativity these invariants are composed from the
curvature tensor and the metric one. In a 4D Riemann space-time
there are 14 independent invariants. Instead of analyzing all 14
invariants, one can confine this study only in 3, namely the
scalar curvature $I_1 = R$, $I_2 = R_{\mu\nu}^R{\mu\nu}$, and the
Kretschmann scalar $I_3 =
R_{\alpha\beta\mu\nu}R^{\alpha\beta\mu\nu}$. At any regular
space-time point, these three invariants $I_1,\,I_2,\,I_3$ should
be finite. One can easily verify that
$$I_1 \propto \frac{1}{\tau^2},\quad
I_2 \propto \frac{1}{\tau^4},\quad I_3 \propto \frac{1}{\tau^4}.$$
Thus we see that at any space-time point, where $\tau = 0$ the invariants
$I_1,\,I_2,\,I_3$, as well as the scalar and spinor fields
become infinity, hence the space-time becomes singular at this point.

In what follows, we write the equation for $\tau$ and study it in details.

Summation of Einstein equations \eqref{11}, \eqref{22}, \eqref{33} and
\eqref{00} multiplied by 3 gives
\begin{equation}
\ddot \tau = \frac{3}{2}\kappa \Bigl(\tilde{T}_{0}^{0} +
\tilde{T}_{1}^{1}\Bigr)\tau + 3 \kappa \eta \dot \tau + 3 \Lambda
\tau, \label{a4}
\end{equation}
which can be rearranged as
\begin{equation}
{\ddot \tau} - \frac{3}{2} \kappa \xi {\dot \tau} =
\frac{3}{2}\kappa \Bigl(mS + {\cD} S + {\cG} P - 2 \lambda F + \ve
- p\Bigr) \tau + 3 \Lambda \tau. \label{dtau1}
\end{equation}
For the right-hand-side of \eqref{dtau1} to be a function
of $\tau$ only, the solution to this equation is well-known~\cite{kamke}.

On the other hand from Bianchi identity $G_{\mu;\nu}^{\nu} = 0$ one finds
\begin{equation}
T_{\mu;\nu}^{\nu} = T_{\mu,\nu}^{\nu} + \G_{\rho\nu}^{\nu} T_{\mu}^{\rho}
- \G_{\mu\nu}^{\rho} T_{\rho}^{\nu} = 0,
\end{equation}
which in our case has the form
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{\tau}\bigl(\tau T_0^0\bigr)^{\cdot} - \frac{\dot a}{a} T_1^1
-\frac{\dot b}{b} T_2^2  - \frac{\dot c}{c} T_3^3 = 0.
\label{emcon}
\end{equation}
This equation can be rewritten as
\begin{equation}
\dot{\tilde{T}}_0^0 = \frac{\dot \tau}{\tau}\Bigl(\tilde{T}_{1}^{1} - \tilde{T}_{0}^{0}\Bigr)
+ 2 \eta \Bigl(\frac{\dot a^2}{a^2} + \frac{\dot b^2}{b^2} + \frac{\dot c^2}{c^2}\Bigr).
\label{Biden}
\end{equation}
Recall that \eqref{inv} gives
$$(m -{\cD}) \dot{S}_0 - {\cG} \dot{P}_0 = 0.$$
In view of that after a little manipulation from \eqref{Biden} we obtain
\begin{equation}
{\dot \ve} + \frac{\dot \tau}{\tau} \omega - (\xi + \frac{4}{3}
\eta) \frac{{\dot \tau}^2}{\tau^2} + 4 \eta (\kappa T_0^0 +
\Lambda) = 0, \label{vep}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\omega = \ve + p,
\label{thermal}
\end{equation}
is the thermal function. For further purpose we would like to note that
in absence of shear viscosity from Eqs. \eqref{a4} and \eqref{Biden} one finds
\begin{equation}
\kappa \tilde{T}_0^0 = 3 H^2 - \Lambda + C_{00}, \quad C_{00} =
{\rm const.} \label{veHrel}
\end{equation}
where in analogy with Hubble constant introduce the quantity $H$, such
that
\begin{equation}
\frac{\dot {\tau}}{\tau} = \frac{\dot {a}}{a}+\frac{\dot {b}}{b} +
\frac{\dot {c}}{c} = 3 H.
\label{hubc}
\end{equation}
Then \eqref{dtau1} and \eqref{vep} in account of \eqref{total} can be
rewritten as
\begin{subequations}
\label{HVe}
\begin{eqnarray}
\dot {H} &=& \frac{\kappa}{2}\bigl(3 \xi H - \omega\bigr) -
\bigl(3 H^2 - \kappa \ve - - \Lambda\bigr) + \frac{\kappa}{2}
\bigl(m S + {\cD} S + {\cG} P - 2 \lambda F \bigr),  \label{H}\\
\dot {\ve} &=& 3 H\bigl(3 \xi H - \omega\bigr) + 4 \eta \bigl(3
H^2 - \kappa \ve  - \Lambda\bigr) - 4 \eta \kappa \bigl( m S -
\lambda F\bigr). \label{Ve}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}
Thus, the metric functions are found explicitly in terms of $\tau$
and viscosity. To write $\tau$ and components of spinor field as
well and scalar one we have to specify $F$ in ${\cal L}_{\rm sp}$.
In the next section we explicitly solve Eqs. \eqref{V} and
\eqref{HVe} for some concrete value of $F$.

The Eqs. \eqref{HVe} can be written in terms of dynamical scalar
as well. For this purpose let us introduce the dynamical scalars
such as the expansion and the shear scalar as usual
\begin{equation}
\theta = u^\mu_{;\mu},\quad
\sigma^2 = \frac{1}{2} \sigma_{\mu\nu} \sigma^{\mu\nu},
\label{dynscal}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\sigma_{\mu\nu} = \frac{1}{2} \Bigl(u_{\mu;\alpha} P^{\alpha}_{\nu}
+ u_{\nu;\alpha} P^{\alpha}_{\mu}\Bigr) - \frac{1}{3} \theta P_{\mu \nu}.
\label{shearten}
\end{equation}
Here $P$ is the projection operator obeying
\begin{equation}
P^2 = P.
\end{equation}
For the space-time with signature $(+, \,-,\,-,\,-)$ it has the form
\begin{equation}
P_{\mu\nu} = g_{\mu\nu} - u_\mu u_\nu, \quad
P^\mu_\nu = \delta^\mu_\nu - u^\mu u_\nu.
\label{projec}
\end{equation}
For the BI metric the dynamical scalar has the form
\begin{equation}
\theta = \frac{\dot {a}}{a}+\frac{\dot {b}}{b} +
\frac{\dot {c}}{c} = \frac{\dot {\tau}}{\tau},
\label{expan}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
2 \sigma^2 = \frac{\dot {a}^2}{a^2}+\frac{\dot {b}^2}{b^2} +
\frac{\dot {c}^2}{c^2} - \frac{1}{3} \theta^2.
\label{shesc}
\end{equation}
In account of \eqref{abc} one can also rewrite share scalar as
\begin{equation}
2 \sigma^2 = \frac{6 (X_1^2 + X_1 X_3 + X_3^2)}{9 \tau^2} e^{-4
\kappa \int \eta dt}.
\end{equation}
From \eqref{00} now yields
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{3} \theta^2 - \sigma^2 = \kappa \Bigl[
 mS -\lambda F + \ve\Bigr] + \Lambda
\label{sh00}
\end{equation}
The Eqs. \eqref{HVe} now can be written in terms of $\theta$ and
$\sigma$ as follows
\begin{subequations}
\label{TS}
\begin{eqnarray}
\dot {\theta} &=& \frac{3\kappa}{2}\bigl(\xi \theta - \omega\bigr) -
 \frac{3\kappa}{2} \bigl(
m S - {\cD} S - {\cG} P \bigr) -
3 \sigma^2,  \label{theta}\\
\dot {\ve} &=& \theta \bigl(\xi \theta - \omega\bigr) + 4 \eta \sigma^2.
\label{Vsig}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}
Note that the Eqs. \eqref{TS} without spinor and scalar field
contributions coincide with the ones given in \cite{baner}.

        \section{Some special solutions}

In this section we first solve the spinor field equations for some special
choice of $F$, which will be given in terms of $\tau$. Thereafter, we
will study the system \eqref{HVe} in details and give explicit solution
for some special cases.

    \subsection{Solutions to the spinor field equations}
As one sees, introduction of viscous fluid has no direct effect on
the system of spinor field equations \eqref{V}. Viscous fluid has an
implicit influence on the system through $\tau$. A detailed analysis
of the system in question can be found in \cite{sahaprd}. Here
we just write the final results.

    \subsubsection{Case with $F = F(I)$}

Here we consider the case when the nonlinear spinor field
is given by
$F =  F(I).$
As in the case with minimal coupling from \eqref{S0} one finds
\begin{equation}
S = \frac{C_0}{\tau}, \quad C_0 = {\rm const.}
\label{stau}
\end{equation}
For  components of spinor field we find~\cite{sahaprd}
\begin{eqnarray}
\psi_1(t) &=& \frac{C_1}{\sqrt{\tau}} e^{-i\beta}, \quad
\psi_2(t) = \frac{C_2}{\sqrt{\tau}} e^{-i\beta},  \nonumber\\
\label{spef}\\
\psi_3(t) &=& \frac{C_3}{\sqrt{\tau}} e^{i\beta}, \quad
\psi_4(t) = \frac{C_4}{\sqrt{\tau}} e^{i\beta},
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
with $C_i$ being the integration constants and
are related to $C_0$ as
$C_0 = C_{1}^{2} + C_{2}^{2} - C_{3}^{2} - C_{4}^{2}.$ Here
$\beta = \int(m - {\cD}) dt$.

For the components of the spin current from \eqref{spincur} we find
\begin{eqnarray}
j^0 &=& \frac{1}{\tau} \bigl[C_{1}^{2} + C_{2}^{2} + C_{3}^{2} +
C_{4}^{2}\bigr],\quad j^1 = \frac{2}{a\tau} \bigl[C_{1} C_{4} +
C_{2} C_{3}\bigr] \cos (2\beta),
\nonumber \\
j^2 &=& \frac{2}{b\tau} \bigl[C_{1} C_{4} - C_{2} C_{3}\bigr] \sin
(2\beta),\quad j^3 = \frac{2}{c\tau} \bigl[C_{1} C_{3} - C_{2}
C_{4}\bigr] \cos (2\beta), \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
whereas, for the projection of spin vectors on the $X$, $Y$ and $Z$
axis we find
\begin{eqnarray}
S^{23,0} = \frac{C_1 C_2 + C_3 C_4}{b c\tau},\quad
S^{31,0} = 0,\quad
S^{12,0} = \frac{C_1^2 - C_2^2 + C_3^2 - C_4^2}{2ab\tau}. \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
The total charge of the system in a volume $\cal{V}$ in this case is
\begin{equation}
Q = [C_1^2 + C_{2}^{2} + C_{3}^{2} + C_{4}^{2}] \cal{V}.
\end{equation}
Thus, for $\tau \ne 0$ the components of spin current and
the projection of spin vectors are singularity-free and the total
charge of the system in a finite volume is always finite.
Note that, setting $\lambda = 0$, i.e., $\beta = m t$ in the
foregoing expressions one get the results for the linear spinor field.

    \subsubsection{Case with $F = F(J)$}

Here we consider the case with
$F = F(J).$
In this case we assume the spinor field to be massless.
Note that, in the unified
nonlinear spinor theory of Heisenberg, the massive term remains
absent, and according to Heisenberg, the particle mass should be
obtained as a result of quantization of spinor prematter~
\cite{massless}. In the nonlinear generalization of classical field
equations, the massive term does not possess the significance that
it possesses in the linear one, as it by no means defines total
energy (or mass) of the nonlinear field system. Thus without losing
the generality we can consider massless spinor field putting $m\,=\,0.$
Then from \eqref{P0} one gets
\begin{equation}
P = D_0/\tau, \quad D_0 = {\rm const.}
\label{ptau}
\end{equation}
In this case the spinor field components take the form
\begin{eqnarray}
\psi_1 &=&\frac{1}{\sqrt{\tau}} \bigl(D_1 e^{i \sigma} +
iD_3 e^{-i\sigma}\bigr), \quad
\psi_2 =\frac{1}{\sqrt{\tau}} \bigl(D_2 e^{i \sigma} +
iD_4 e^{-i\sigma}\bigr), \nonumber \\
\label{J}\\
\psi_3 &=&\frac{1}{\sqrt{\tau}} \bigl(iD_1 e^{i \sigma} +
D_3 e^{-i \sigma}\bigr),\quad
\psi_4 =\frac{1}{\sqrt{\tau}} \bigl(iD_2 e^{i \sigma} +
D_4 e^{-i\sigma}\bigr). \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
The integration constants $D_i$
are connected to $D_0$ by
$D_0=2\,(D_{1}^{2} + D_{2}^{2} - D_{3}^{2} -D_{4}^{2}).$
Here we set $\sigma = \int {\cG} dt$.

For the components of the spin current from \eqref{spincur} we find
\begin{eqnarray}
j^0 &=& \frac{2}{\tau}
\bigl[D_{1}^{2} + D_{2}^{2} + D_{3}^{2} + D_{4}^{2}\bigr],\quad
j^1 = \frac{4}{a\tau}
\bigl[D_{2} D_{3} + D_{1} D_{4}\bigr] \cos (2 \sigma), \nonumber\\
j^2 &=& \frac{4}{b\tau} \bigl[D_{2} D_{3} - D_{1} D_{4}\bigr] \sin
(2 \sigma),\quad j^3 = \frac{4}{c\tau} \bigl[D_{1} D_{3} - D_{2}
D_{4}\bigr] \cos (2 \sigma), \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
whereas, for the projection of spin vectors on the $X$, $Y$ and $Z$
axis we find
\begin{eqnarray}
S^{23,0} = \frac{2(D_{1} D_{2} + D_{3} D_{4})}{b c\tau},\quad
S^{31,0} = 0,\quad
S^{12,0} = \frac{D_{1}^{2} - D_{2}^{2} + D_{3}^{2} - D_{4}^{2}}{2ab\tau}
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
We see that for any nontrivial $\tau$ as in previous case
the components of spin current and
the projection of spin vectors are singularity-free and the total
charge of the system in a finite volume is always finite.

 \subsection{Determination of $\tau$}

In this subsection we simultaneously solve the system of equations
for $\tau$ and $\ve$. Since setting $m = 0$ in the equations for
$F= F(I)$ one comes to the case when $F = F(J)$, we consider the
case with $F$ being the function of $I$ only. Let $F$ be the power
function of $S$, i.e., $F = S^n$. As it was established earlier,
in this case $S = C_0/\tau$, or setting $C_0 = 1$ simply $S =
1/\tau$. Evaluating ${\cD}$ in terms of $\tau$ we then come to the
following system of equations
\begin{subequations}
\label{tauve}
\begin{eqnarray}
{\ddot \tau} &=&  \frac{3\kappa}{2} \xi {\dot \tau} +
\frac{3\kappa}{2} \Bigl(\frac{m}{\tau} +\frac{\lambda
(n-2)}{\tau^{n}}
 +  \ve - p
\Bigr) \tau + 3 \Lambda \tau,\label{dtaun}\\
{\dot \ve} &=& - \frac{\dot \tau}{\tau} \omega + (\xi +
\frac{4}{3} \eta) \frac{{\dot \tau}^2}{\tau^2} - 4 \eta
\Bigl[\kappa \Bigl(\frac{m}{\tau} - \frac{\lambda}{\tau^n}\Bigr) +
\Lambda\Bigr], \label{vepn}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}
or in terms of $H$
\begin{subequations}
\label{HVen}
\begin{eqnarray}
\dot \tau &=& 3 H \tau, \label{tauH}\\
\dot {H} &=& \frac{1}{2}\bigl(3 \xi H - \omega\bigr) - \bigl(3 H^2
- \kappa\ve  - \Lambda\bigr) + \frac{\kappa}{2} \Bigl(
\frac{m}{\tau} + \frac{\lambda (n-2)}{\tau^{n}} \Bigr),
\label{Hn}\\
\dot {\ve} &=& 3 H\bigl(3 \xi H - \omega\bigr) + 4 \eta \bigl(3
H^2 - \kappa \ve  - \Lambda\bigr) - 4 \eta \kappa\Bigl[
\frac{m}{\tau} - \frac{\lambda}{\tau^n}\Bigr]. \label{Ven}
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}
Here $\eta$ and $\xi$ are the bulk and shear viscosity, respectively and
they are both positively definite, i.e.,
\begin{equation}
\eta > 0, \quad \xi > 0.
\end{equation}
They may be either constant or function of time or energy. We consider
the case when
\begin{equation}
\eta = A \ve^{\alpha}, \quad \xi = B \ve^{\beta},
\label{etaxi}
\end{equation}
with $A$ and $B$ being some positive quantities.
For $p$ we set as in perfect fluid,
\begin{equation}
p = \zeta \ve, \quad \zeta \in (0, 1].
\label{pzeta}
\end{equation}
Note that in this case $\zeta \ne 0$, since for dust pressure, hence
temperature is zero, that results in vanishing viscosity.

The system \eqref{HVen} without spinor field have been extensively
studied in literature either partially \cite{murphy,huang,baner}
or as a whole \cite{belin}. Here we try to solve the system
\eqref{tauve} for some particular choice of parameters.

        \subsubsection{Case with bulk viscosity}

Let us first consider the case with bulk viscosity alone setting coefficient of
shear viscosity $\eta = 0$. We also demand the coefficient of bulk viscosity be
inverse proportional to expansion, i.e.,
\begin{equation}
\xi \theta = 3 \xi H = C_2, \quad C_2 = {\rm const.}
\label{bvx}
\end{equation}
Inserting $\eta = 0$, \eqref{bvx} and \eqref{pzeta} into \eqref{Ven} one finds
\begin{equation}
\ve = \frac{1}{1+\zeta} \Bigl[C_2 -
\frac{C_3}{\tau^{1+\zeta}}\Bigr], \qquad C_3 = {\rm
const.}\label{vecase1}
\end{equation}
Then from \eqref{dtaun} we get the following equation for determining $\tau$:
\begin{equation}
\ddot \tau = \frac{3\kappa}{2} m + 3\Bigl[\frac{C_2}{2}\kappa +
\Lambda\Bigr] \tau + \frac{3\kappa(1 - \zeta)}{2(1+\zeta)}
\frac{C_2 \tau^{1+\zeta} - C_3}{\tau^\zeta} +
\frac{3\kappa}{2}\frac{\lambda (n-2)}{\tau^{n-1}} \equiv {\cal
F}(q,\tau), \label{dettau1}
\end{equation}
where $q$ is the set of problem parameters. As one sees, the right hand side of the Eq. \eqref{dettau1}
is a function of $\tau$, hence can be solved in quadrature \cite{kamke}.
We solve the Eq. \eqref{dettau1} numerically. It can be noted that the Eq. \eqref{dettau1}
can be viewed as one describing the motion of a single particle. Sometimes it is useful to plot
the potential of the corresponding equation which in this case is
\begin{equation}
{\cal U}(q,\tau) = - 2 \int {\cal F}(q,\tau) d\tau. \label{poten1}
\end{equation}
The problem parameters are chosen as follows: $\kappa = 1$, $m =
1$, $\lambda = 0.5$, $\zeta = 1/3$, $n = 4$, $C_2 = 2$ and $C_3 =
1$. Here we consider the cases with different $\Lambda$, namely
with $\Lambda = -2, 0, 1$, respectively. The initial value of
$\tau$ is taken to be a small one, whereas, the first derivative
of $\tau$, i.e., $\dot \tau$ at that point of time is calculated
from \eqref{veHrel}. In Fig. \ref{rfsppoten} we have illustrated
the potential corresponding to Eq. \eqref{dettau1}. As one sees,
independent to the sign of $\Lambda$ we have the expanding mode of
evolution, though a positive $\Lambda$ accelerates the process,
while the negative one decelerates. Corresponding behavior of
$\tau$ is given in Fig. \ref{rfsptauall}.

\myfigures{rfsppoten}{0.45}{View of the potential corresponding to
the different sign of the $\Lambda$
term.}{0.45}{rfsptauall}{0.45}{Evolution of $\tau$ depending on
the signs of the $\Lambda$ term.}{0.45}

        \subsubsection{Case with bulk and shear viscosities}
Let us consider a more general case. Following \cite{Visprd04} we
choose the shear viscosity being proportional to the expansion,
namely,
\begin{equation}
\eta = - \frac{3}{2\kappa} H = -\frac{1}{2\kappa} \theta.
\label{sbv}
\end{equation}
In absence of spinor field this assumption leads to
\begin{equation}
3H^2 = \kappa \ve + C_4, \quad C_4 = {\rm const.} \label{sbvrel}
\end{equation}
It can be shown that the relation \eqref{sbvrel} in our case can
be achieved only for massless spinor field with the nonlinear term
being
$$ F = F_0 S^{2(\kappa - 1)/\kappa}.$$
Equation for $\tau$ in this case has the form
\begin{equation}
\tau \ddot \tau - 0.5 (1 - \zeta) \dot \tau^2 - 1.5 \kappa \xi
\tau \dot \tau - 3[\Lambda - 0.5(1 - \zeta)C_4 - \lambda F_0
\tau^{2(1-\kappa)/\kappa}] \tau^2 = 0. \label{sbvtau}
\end{equation}
In case of $\xi = {\rm const.}$ and $\lambda = 0$ there exists
several special solutions available in handbooks on differential
equations. But for nonzero $\lambda$ we can investigate this
equation only numerically. We consider the case when the bulk
viscosity is given by a constant. Taking this into account for
problem parameters we set $\zeta = 1/3$, $\xi = 1$, $F_0 = 1$,
$\lambda = 0.5$ and $C_4 = 1$. We study the role of $\Lambda$
term. In doing this we consider the cases with positive, negative
and trivial $\Lambda$. Since the nonlinear term in this case
depends of $\kappa$, we also consider the cases with different
$\kappa$, namely with $\kappa > 1$ and $\kappa < 1$. In Figs.
\ref{rfspk05all} and \ref{rfspk15all} the evolution of $\tau$ is
illustrated for $\kappa < 1$ and $\kappa > 1$, respectively. In
case of $\kappa < 1$ we have non-periodic mode of evolution for
all $\Lambda$, while for $\kappa > 1$ a negative $\Lambda$ gives a
non-periodic mode of expansion. A non-negative $\Lambda$ in this
case gives an ever expanding mode of evolution.

\myfigures{rfspk05all}{0.45}{Evolution of the universe with
nontrivial $\Lambda$ term and $\kappa <
1$.}{0.45}{rfspk15all}{0.45}{Evolution of the universe for
different values of $\Lambda$ term with $\kappa > 1$. }{0.45}

               \section{Conclusion}
We consider a self consistent system of nonlinear spinor and
gravitational fields within the framework of Bianchi type-I
cosmological model filled with viscous fluid. The spinor filed
nonlinearity is taken to be some power law of the invariants of
bilinear spinor forms. Solutions to the corresponding equations
are given in terms of the volume scale of the BI space-time, i.e.,
in terms of $\tau = a b c$. The system of equations for
determining $\tau$, energy-density of the viscous fluid $\ve$ and
Hubble parameter $H$ has been worked out. Exact solution to the
aforementioned system has been given only for the case of bulk
viscosity. As one sees from \eqref{HVe} or \eqref{TS}, the system
in question is a multi-parametric one and may have several
solutions depending on the choice of the problem parameters. As
one sees, solutions can be non-periodic independent to the sign of
$\Lambda$ term. Given the richness of \eqref{tauve} we plan to
give qualitative analysis of this system in near future.

\newcommand{\htmladdnormallink}{\htmladdnormallink}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Home»USA News»California»Gunman kills seven people in second mass shooting to hit California in two days
Gunman kills seven people in second mass shooting to hit California in two days
Police have arrested the suspect who is said to be 'operating' with them (Picture: Kati McHugh via REUTERS)
A gunman shot dead seven people in front of schoolchildren in California – just two days after 11 people were killed in an attack a few miles away.
Police were called after local resident, Zhao Chunli, 67, gunned down farmworkers near a nursery in Half Moon Bay, California.
It comes just two days after 11 people were shot and killed in the majority-Asian area of Monterey Park, California, during celebrations for the Lunar New Year.
The suspect last night was filmed by news cameras turning himself into the San Mateo County Sheriff's Office about two hours after the attack.
The first four victims were discovered at a mushroom farm around 2.22 pm local time (00.22GMT), while the other three were later found at a nearby trucking business.
Investigators have not yet provided a motive for this attack.
San Mateo County Sheriff Christina Corpus said at a news conference that the suspect was arrested after driving himself to a local police station just before 5pm local time.
To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web
browser that
supports HTML5
Police at the scene of the mass shooting in California (Picture: AP)
Seven people were killed by the shooter (Picture: AP)
Officers were called after reports of gunfire at a farm in Half Moon Bay (Picture: AP)
He was found with a semi-automatic pistol that may have been used in the attack, and is currently 'co-operating' with police, she added.
Mrs Corpus added that an eighth victim is being treated in hospital and is in critical condition.
She said: 'This kind of shooting is horrific…It's a tragedy we hear about far too often, but today it's hit home here in San Mateo County.'
In a news conference, the sheriff also confirmed that witnesses included children who had recently been let out of school and lived on the rural property.
'For children to witness this is unspeakable,' she said.
California Governor Gavin Newsom tweeted that he was 'at the hospital meeting with victims of a mass shooting when I get pulled away to be briefed about another shooting.
'This time in Half Moon Bay. Tragedy upon tragedy.'
Half Moon Bay Council member Debbie Ruddock told NBC that the victims were Chinese farmworkers.
San Mateo County Board of Supervisors President Dave Pine told the Associated Press news agency that the attacks were committed by a 'disgruntled worker'.
'We are sickened by today's tragedy in Half Moon Bay,' Mr Pine said in a statement.
'The scourge of gun violence has sadly hit home. We have not even had time to grieve for those lost in the terrible shooting in Monterey Park. Gun violence must stop.'.
Get in touch with our news team by emailing us at [email protected].
California Shooting The Metro World News
Schools, trains, buses and ports hit by biggest day of strike action for a decade

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home Features Ready For The Next Level
Ready For The Next Level
Donnell Rawlings' hit podcast and upcoming Netflix special have the former "Ashy Larry" poised to join stand-up comedy's elite.
by Chuck king March 1, 2022
written by Chuck king March 1, 2022 475 views
WEST PALM BEACH – Like the creation of Rome, the formation of a diamond and Sunday gravy, a stand-up comedian's rise to stardom often takes time.
Donnell Rawlings' time is about to come.
Rawlings entertained audiences across the world over nearly three decades as a stand-up comic. But he's yet to achieve the level of recognition afforded the likes of contemporaries Jim Gaffigan, Kevin Hart or friend and fellow Washington D.C. comic Dave Chappelle.
"I never thought there was a timeline," Rawlings said of achieving success. "Every year, if you continue to try to get better and just work at your craft, it will come in due time."
It's not as though Rawlings hasn't enjoyed successes over the past 27 years. He's probably best known for his portrayal of Ashy Larry on "Chappelle's Show." Rawlings also has dozens of other television and movie credits in his portfolio.
At heart, however, Rawlings has always been a stand-up comic. He's yet to receive the acclaim on a national scale that many within the industry believe he's earned.
"I've been patient," Rawlings said. "I've had some of my peers that have ran laps around me in regard to money, popularity and fame, but I've never got discouraged. I've always said, Your time will come. And your time is here."
On several occasions – most recently right before the COVID pandemic effectively shut down the entertainment industry – Rawlings had been poised to finally break through and become recognized among comedy's elite.
"I never got discouraged," Rawlings said. "Things will open up. Stay true to yourself and always believe that eventually you will be recognized."
The floodgates appear primed to open for Rawlings. His podcast, The Donnell Rawlings Show, continues its rapid growth. And later this month Netflix will debut Rawlings' stand-up comedy special, "Donnell Rawlings: The King of Too Soon" – part of the Chappelle-produced Home Team series of stand-up comedy specials.
Such a show could make any comic a household name. But Rawlings insists he's never chased fame.
"Some people are just like, Oh, I want to be famous. Oh, I want to be rich," Rawlings said. "But not too many people who have those aspirations say to themselves, 'I want to be good.' I always knew that if I continue to be good that the money would come later. The accolades would come later, and I would be a happy person."
During a late-February phone call, Rawlings exudes joy and humor. Insightful comments about cancel culture, the state of comedy and performing in the state of Florida – which he will do later this week – are often punctuated with jokes.
He's loose. He's disarming. He's confident. He's fun.
"If you can understand that when you wake in the morning you are your own boss and whatever you put into it is what you get out of it, you'll be happy," Rawlings said. "I've felt my happiness in entertainment from the first day I did it up until this point. I'm not surprised at anything that's happening with me right now. People are catching up to what I've been doing, for the most part, my entire career."
That Rawlings is happy shouldn't come as a surprise. While Rawlings' "I'm rich biatch!" catch phrase is one of "Chappelle's Show's" most memorable lines, money isn't his primary focus.
"The first thing you have to be able to do is be happy being broke," Rawlings said of launching a stand-up comedy career. "If you can be happy being broke, everything else is a bonus. If you can understand that there are a small percentage of people that have found what their god-given talent was and they were able to do something to make money with it, you'll be happy."
Rawlings is looking forward to spreading that happiness in the Sunshine State – and it's a good bet he'll succeed. Beginning on Friday, Rawlings will perform four shows over two days at the Miami Improv. On Sunday he'll head north for a 7 p.m. show at the Palm Beach Improv.
"When you come to my show you are going to get a mix of everything," Rawlings said. "You are going to get a mix of things that make you think. There's going to be some things that make you laugh hysterically. It's going to be some things that may ruffle your feathers a little bit. But it's the even balance of observation comedy and self-deprecating comedy. A lot of it is me talking about being a father at an older age – my relationship with my son. I think it's a nice balance. I think that you can really enjoy my act from so many angles."
While Miami and West Palm Beach audiences notoriously react differently to stand-up comedians and their jokes, Rawlings is confident he can capture both rooms.
"I don't care what audience you put me in, I've been doing it long enough that I try to find the material that resonates with everybody. The only thing that changes is that if you go different places you learn something about the neighborhood, something particular to that town, some slang or something like that. But my comedy stays consistent whether I'm performing in Miami, whether I'm performing in England, Amsterdam, Africa, whatever. I think the better comics are ones that don't have to adjust their comedy as much."
South Florida Husbandry
The Return Of Normal
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: Meet The ComedyBot What do humans...


28 hives going into winter and 28 came out. NO chemical treatments.
Bees are strongest when they are allowed to use their own resources to heal. If we focus on the health of bees instead of the honey yield, the bees will reward us.


Row tables Or Column Tables Or both?
I would like to know the basic approach in order to build a new model in hana ( row tables or column tables or both) ?
Suppose I've a source system for example excel or .csv..etc and different excels consists of different types of data that includes both dimensions and measures and each source file consists of around 500 fields. The source feed comes every day and I need to load each and every field in the database.
Out of these 500 fields and assume 300 are dimensions and 200 are facts, and for reporting for purpose i just need 150 dimensions and 80 measures and some calculated measures. (Infuture, I may need to consider some more dimensions and facts) .
Do I need to create first row tables first as Row tables are preferred for insert operations or Can I go a head with column tables directly?
I just want to know the guidelines to follow , where we need to load some thousand of fields and huge number of rows and at the same time my modeling should be good for reporting as well.
I am putting my question more simpler.
Can I load data from row tables to column tables (Only inserts) . Will it affect any performance issues?
For the better performance it is always advisable to store table as a Column Store.
This can be changed anytime to row store.
Also if you are going to create views it only supports column based stored tables.
Usually performance is better with the Column store.


text:
Healthcare reform: Is philanthropy still relevant?
It began almost 250 years ago. Men and women coming together to build schools, hospitals and orphanages. Brave women religious who traveled to the wilds of America to bring health and healing to those working in mines and lumber camps. They worked in the open, in tents and partnered with those being served to build the facilities that would change the landscape of healthcare in America for centuries to come. Wives brought fruit, vegetables, linens and crucial supplies to help care for the sick and injured. This was all done without government support. It was accomplished through private philanthropy and lives dedicated to serving others.
This legacy of philanthropy is seen throughout our communities and in our hospitals across the country. Changes through the years—capitation, private health insurance, government health insurance through Medicaid and Medicare—have been touted as "fixes" for our healthcare system of payment and cost containment. Yet, throughout all of these financial programs the need for philanthropy has steadily increased. The healthcare reform act will not change that need. It will increase it.
Moody's Investor Service Analyst Sara Vennekotter states that "While median revenue growth showed an uptick…it remained low by historical standards, and will likely fall again in coming years due to tightening federal funding. Inpatient volumes that have been weak due show no growth. For FY 2013 and beyond, we expect lower payments for inpatient procedures from all payers and a continued shift to outpatient services as healthcare reform forces hospitals to operate with less while being required to prove higher quality care. Margins are likely to soften due to the continuous pressure on revenue forcing hospitals to drastically reduce expenses."1
As 2014 arrives, providers will have to be prepared for an unprecedented influx of new patients. McKesson projects that by 2015, 19 million uninsured people will receive coverage. In 2016, an additional 11 million uninsured people will be knocking on providers' doors to receive services. McKesson also estimates rising costs of $1,035 trillion between 2014 and 2019, with $201 billion of that to come directly from hospitals. The impact is that the increase in patients will not be enough to offset the negative financial impact of paying for reform.2
New payment models will bundle payments for a wide variety of services—not just those performed in the hospital. Follow-up and outpatient care will be included as well. Accountable Care Organizations will bundle the services of hospitals, physicians and other providers and payment will be predicated on the quality and longevity of results rather than just on the services provided. With these new models come increasingly challenging structures that require extensive and expensive data systems and equipment.
As reform plays out, 62% of the funds needed to expand coverage will come from Medicare cuts:
$196 billion through reducing fee-for-service payments
$136 billion from setting Medicare rates lower
$36 billion from cutting hospital disproportionate share
A Standard and Poor's' report states that it is unsure whether hospitals can cope with "the unfolding impact of the healthcare reform law in addition to the ongoing economic pressures."3How will healthcare organizations manage the significant negative financial impact of these cuts? It has been much discussed and anticipated that the key to managing this impact will be to improve operating efficiency, reduce patient length of stays, implement process improvements and economies of scale and, most importantly, to somehow increase revenue.
Hospitals generate revenue three ways: through operations, borrowing and philanthropy. Raising money through operations has become increasingly difficult as hospitals have a severely limited ability to raise rates and cannot decline to provide most healthcare services. Healthcare reform, as shown, will add to this pressure. Yet, the rate of medical innovation is off the charts. It's difficult to keep up when you consider that medical technology changes and advances about every 18 months. If a hospital runs at a 5% margin (which is considered very successful; most hospitals across the country run at 1% to 2% margins), then it has to earn $20,000,000 in revenue to free up $1,000,000 to spend on capital equipment.
Also, when you consider the sheer number of patients who will still pay little or nothing for care, the .50c on the dollar paid by government programs and the reduced rates of care demanded by private insurance companies you begin to realize how difficult earning operational dollars become. Imagine, going into a grocery store and buying a loaf of bread that costs $1.00. You go to the check-out stand and tell the clerk that you will buy the bread—but only for $.50. The grocer not only has to accept that payment, but also has to figure out how to replace that loaf of bread that costs $.85. That's how revenue works in healthcare.
Clearly, revenue from operations will be difficult to increase, especially given the share payment and reduced payment models healthcare reform will implement. Revenue from debt—or borrowing—will be much more difficult as hospital debt ratios are downgraded and interest rates increase. The ability to pay back those borrowed amounts—with interest—depends on operational revenue.
If a hospital borrows money then it has to pay that money back—with interest. So, $1,000,000 borrowed at 5% interest over 15 years will cost $1,400,000 which equates to $28.4 million in operating revenue needed to repay the loan. For example, if a hospital borrows all it needs to build a new wing or buy expensive equipment, it could obligate most or all of its earnings from patient care to pay the debt—leaving little or nothing available to afford the next innovation or to replace outdated equipment. State of the art treatment, and the equipment needed to provide it changes constantly and is increasingly expensive. Supplies and salaries—especially in such a people intensive enterprise—continue to increase.
Yet, increasing revenue is the key to maintaining the promise to those who rely on their hospitals and health systems for care. Hence the enormous Catch 22 facing hospitals. How will hospitals and health systems maintain the trust of patients who expect access to the best the medical community has to offer? This expectation of excellence will only be possible through philanthropy.
Randy Kelley, an experienced health care CEO comments that, "The great worry most health care leaders have today is that we're facing a double-edged sword: reductions to reimbursement coupled with an end to our history of focus on volume-driven activity. We will no longer be paid when the patient walks in the door. We're being asked to manage population health and to a great extent, organizations will be successful based on their good fortune to be located in a healthy community. This will put greater emphasis on philanthropy as the old sources of capital dollars (i.e. the hospital bottom line) evaporate. Hospitals and health systems that already have strong sustained history of fundraising in place are likely to better weather these cuts to reimbursement and changes to incentives.
Hospitals and health systems that fail to address these budgetary challenges through philanthropic efforts put their entire future at risk. Margins are already very narrow for most of the not-for-profit healthcare world. The programmed cuts to Medicare, DSH and state Medicaid programs will only increase through time. Given that most hospitals and health systems rely on profit for future funding of capital and expense items, those cuts will devastate their bottom lines. And, iIn the not-for-profit world, the bottom line is how a hospital funds its future. Hospitals and health systems that already see philanthropy as a key resource to support capital needs will do best in this new environment.
Additionally, the uses for philanthropic dollars may change in the future. Historically most philanthropy and grant funding has expressly prohibited those dollars to be used for staffing. The conventional approach for fund raising has been to focus efforts on buildings ("brick-and-mortar") and equipment. Population health management may be more labor than capital intensive. Health systems and hospitals are going to need people even more than buildings and equipment. Given the budgetary pressures already in place, it makes sense that we may see gifts and grants funding positions that would otherwise be eliminated by not-for-profit hospitals and health systems. This would be a real change for most fundraising executives.
Despite all these reimbursement changes and a shift in our nation's focus from heads in beds to population health management, hospitals and health systems in the best position for the future are those that already have a strong history of fund-raising. Healthcare has a great story to tell and those organizations that can best tell their story and connect the right donor to the right project are best positioned for the future. Mr. Kelley sums it up nicely, "Naturally, I think the organizations best positioned for our uncertain future are those that have both good fund raising executives and CEOs who are good fund raisers."
Our history shows us that philanthropy is a core value in the culture of American healthcare. Our future shows us that philanthropy will become absolutely vital for hospitals and health systems wishing to maintain their ability to meet the challenges associated with critical cuts in funding while continuing to provide excellence in care.
This, coupled with providing care to millions of patients every year, requires corresponding resources needed to carry out that mission. Our medical facilities house the people and equipment that save lives; any "profit" is immediately put to use paying salaries, replacing equipment and maintaining critical facilities. Without that margin of "profit" the Hospital would not be able to keep its doors open. But that margin of profit is steadily decreasing.
American not-for-profit hospitals and health systems continue to honor their long commitment to provide care to everyone in need in spite of a growing population, declining reimbursement and the rising costs of providing care free of charge to those in need. The promise is kept even amidst increasing pressure caused by dramatic increases in costs for staff, pharmaceuticals and equipment. In light of this economic environment, it becomes quickly apparent how important philanthropy is to a hospital's ability to continually provide the measure of healthcare excellence the community expects and that patients and families deserve. Thus, a hospital's ability to fulfill its mission requires engagement with and support from community members.
Every day at hospitals across this country, thousands of stories of hope, courage and faith unfold. Philanthropy has and will continue to be a key factor in making sure those stories have happy endings.


text:
lottery 2 hours ago
What Lottery Players Should Watch for to Avoid Scams, BBB Warns
Giant lottery jackpots could bring scammers looking to prey on honest players, according to the Better Business Bureau. NBC 5's Sandra Torres reports.
Lottery players are getting another shot at the third-largest jackpot in U.S. history
lottery Jan 17
The Powerball jackpot will grow to an estimated $730 million after there were no winners Saturday for the lottery's top prize
Mega Millions Jackpot Swells to $750 Million Ahead of Friday's Drawing
It could be a profitable weekend for lucky lottery players as two of the largest jackpots in U.S. history will be on the line
Powerball Jan 15
Mega Millions and Powerball Jackpots Surge
The Mega Millions and Powerball jackpots keep growing. Jen DeSalvo reports.
Mega Millions and Powerball Jackpots Surge: Here's How to Stay Anonymous If You Win
Somebody could be starting off the new year with a big pile of cash.
Powerball Jackpot Hits $640M as Mega Millions Grows to $750M
Another night, another unclaimed giant lottery jackpot.
No More Puny Prizes: Mega Millions, Powerball Jackpots Soar
After a long stretch of relatively paltry prizes, U.S. lottery players now have a choice of jackpots that offer combined prizes of more than $1 billion
lottery Jan 5
You're More Likely to Be the Next LeBron or POTUS Than Win the Lottery
Think you have a chance at winning the Lottery? Well, you do! But its a very, very small chance. Here are some things that are more likely to happen to you.
lottery Oct 19, 2020
Here's Why Powerball and Mega Millions Jackpots Aren't Reaching Giant Amounts Anymore
If you're one of those people who only buys a lottery ticket when the jackpot climbs into the stratosphere, you could be waiting a while. The Mega Millions jackpot for Tuesday's drawing is $86 million, and Powerball's top prize is $91 million for its drawing on Wednesday. While those would be life-changing windfalls for most winners, the amounts pale...
Powerball Jul 24, 2020
Man Splits $22 Million Jackpot Win With Friend, Keeping Nearly 30-Year Promise
A western Wisconsin man will share his millions in lottery winnings with a longtime friend because of a promise they made to each other nearly three decades ago.
lottery Apr 29, 2020
Colorado Man Wins Two $1M Lottery Prizes in One Day Using Same Numbers
With a little bit of luck and persistence, a Colorado man has hit the jackpot twice after playing the same numbers for 30 years.
United States Nov 4, 2019
2nd Largest Powerball Jackpot Won by Ticket Sold in Mass.
Wisc. Man Wins 3rd Largest Lottery in History at $768M
Manuel Franco, the Wisconsin 24-year-old who won a $768.4 million Powerball jackpot, stepped out to claim the third-largest jackpot in history.
'It's a Dream': Wisconsin Man Claims $768M Powerball Jackpot
Manuel Franco said he felt lucky when he purchased five Powerball games last month at a Wisconsin gas station. The 24-year-old West Allis resident's hunch was right. Franco matched all six Powerball numbers to win the $768.4 million prize, the third-largest jackpot in U.S. lottery history. "It feels like a dream," Franco told reporters at a news conference Tuesday.
lottery Mar 28, 2019
$768M Powerball Winner Bought Ticket in Milwaukee Suburb
A single ticket that matched all six Powerball numbers to win the estimated $768.4 million jackpot — the third-largest jackpot in U.S. lottery history — was sold in a Milwaukee suburb, Wisconsin Lottery officials said Thursday. The ticket, worth a cash option of $477 million, was sold at a Speedway gas station in New Berlin, a city of about 40,000...
Powerball Jackpot Now $750M After No Winning Ticket Drawn
Lottery officials say the Powerball jackpot has ballooned to $750 million after no ticket matched all six numbers in the most recent drawing. The numbers drawn Saturday night are 24, 25, 52, 60 and 66, with a Powerball of 5.
United States Mar 20, 2019
Jackpot! 25 of the Biggest Lottery Wins in US History
Scroll through to see some of the biggest lottery jackpot winners of all time.
Florida Mar 17, 2019
Winning Numbers Drawn for $495M Powerball Jackpot
The Powerball drawing took place Saturday night, offering players a $495 million jackpot — the 8th largest in the lottery game's history. The winning numbers are: 30, 34, 39, 53, 67 and the Powerball is 11. The estimated cash option is $300.2 million. The Powerball jackpot was last hit in New York in the Dec. 26 drawing. Since then, there...
New York Oct 23, 2018
If You Win the Mega Millions Jackpot, Here's How to Maintain Some Privacy
With the Mega Millions jackpot at a whopping $900 million, wannabe winners might be pondering how it would feel to come into an amount that's larger than the entire economy of some small countries. They also should consider how they'd keep their sudden windfall under wraps. While a winner's instinct might be to shout from the rooftops, experts say that...


text:
Algoma woman convicted of child neglect in infant daughter's drowning in bathtub
Christopher Clough
KEWAUNEE - An Algoma woman whose 7-month-old daughter drowned after being left alone in a bathtub was convicted Thursday on a charge of child neglect resulting in death.
Cheyanne J. Wierichs, 24, pleaded no contest to the child neglect charge. She previously pleaded not guilty of the charge last April in a preliminary hearing.
Wierichs also pleaded no contest to a charge of operating while intoxicated, first offense. All other charges against her, which included possession of drug paraphernalia and methamphetamine, were dropped.
The girl died Feb. 9, 2021, at Wierichs' apartment in the 400 block of Fourth Avenue. Algoma Police Department officers responded to a call for an infant who had no pulse and was not breathing, and rescue attempts by an officer and Algoma Fire and Rescue personnel were unsuccessful.
Wierichs initially told officers she put her two children in a bath and went to do some work in the kitchen for a few minutes, finding the infant was drowning when she returned.
But, according to the complaint against Wierichs, she later changed her story and told investigators she watched some videos on YouTube while the children were in the bath, then left the bathroom for a few minutes to hook up her phone to a speaker. After listening to an entire song, she heard splashing from the bathroom and returned to find the drowning infant. The tub did not have an infant bath seat or baby tub.
A search warrant executed in the apartment turned up meth and related paraphernalia.
Sentencing is scheduled for May 18. Wierichs faces as much as 25 years in prison for the neglect conviction and was fined and had her driver's license revoked for the OWI.
Contact Christopher Clough at 920-741-7952, 920-562-8900 or cclough@doorcountyadvocate.com.
RELATED: Algoma woman charged in infant daughter's drowning now in custody on cash bond
MORE: Algoma man pleads not guilty of pulling up on his bicycle and shooting an Oconto man
FOR MORE KEWAUNEE COUNTY NEWS:Check out our homepage


Are they still by IKEA. How are the prices. Need a printer. Pricesmart has a Brother that will do. I like Pricesmart for their guarantees. Sometimes the prices aren't so good.
Check out the cost of ink, and availability here, and online,before you choose a brand.
The "printer" is the cheap part!
Plaza Lama SD,has a big choice.
Thanks, looking in SD. Is that Office Depot in POP. A Dominican chain?
Thanks CC. I've tried to pound it into wife's noggin about the ink thing. She says she has an ink guru close to the house.
I tremble again, to know where another deal is headed. Heard nightmares about PL's warranties but if a loon is going to use food coloring or some such crap for ink---any warranty is out the freking ventana!!!!
Even better is if the cartridges can be refilled with the syringe kits. MUCH cheaper than the disposables.
CC hit a root problem. I can buy HP stuff and have it filled at Walgreens. One time, no more, bite the bullet for the original.
I think she dragged me all over SD one day for cheap ink about 8 years ago.
I just talked to her. She's got her new printer and is already at the Inkster.
Thanks for your help guys. I need a drink!!


Mark Cahill is someone I've always known of and respected, so I was delighted to find (albeit a bit late) that he's mentioned (and linked to) me in one of his posts.
I wanted to share it with you because it goes to show just how much more valuable Social Media is than SEO.
In the comments, Ari Herzog (another person I have plenty of time for) says, "If Google died tomorrow, you and I would continue blogging as if nothing changed." Ari says that we shouldn't be thinking about Google, and I agree. I don't even think anyone should be doing SEO any more (that's another – very long – conversation, though)!
In the post, Mark acknowledges Ari's and my view that we shouldn't focus too much of our attention on search engines. In his comment back to Ari, Mark agrees but offers the view that Google knows which links are relevant. In a more e-commerce setting, search engines would also be much more important.
It's a very worthwhile comment, we can't just ignore search engines completely. I, for one, still look at my stats – my visitors, subscribers and in part, rankings – because that tells me whether what I am doing is working. What search engines should not be used as is a indicator of performance (or KPI).
If I show up in Google Blog Search for a topic I've blogged about, great! But that doesn't mean I'm successful in my goals. That doesn't necessarily mean that my work is having an impact.
Mark's post has been the KPI in this case. The very fact that Mark has mentioned me and linked to me has shown that my methods are working. I'm aiming to become part of the community that I follow, listen to and respect, and Mark is part of that community.
That community also includes people like Chris Brogan and it's Chris who's inadvertently led to my mention on Mark's blog. I had commented on Mark's post about blog readership after Chris mentioned the post himself. Subsequently, Mark felt the need to mention my comments when talking about link relevance.
Purely by engaging with Mark and contributing to the relevant discussion, I have gained a very valuable mention and a great link. We've also got the beginnings of a dialogue. One that I expect will continue to blossom and benefit both of us, not just in terms of links but also with knowledge.
Sure I could go to an SEO or link builder and say "get me 100 links by this time next week" but I'd take this one link from Mr Cahill over that any day!
And that, ladies and germs is the power of social media (and Chris Brogan)!
It's all about the cap.
Remember when all orange juice cartons were smaller, fatter and you had to cut the corner off? And every time you opened a new one you just knew half the carton would end up on the worktop.
Then we had the little white lid added, with that bit of foil stuff. Though, the juice would still catapult itself out the carton and land everywhere but in the glass.
Now we get the tall slender cartons, like the one above. They poor much easier but opening them is still a hassle. You unscrew, then there's a weird little plastic hoop that you have to rip out. That's fine, so long as you're a body builder. And even then, guess what happens to the juice? That's right, allergic to glassware.
So now we've reached the reason I'm an internet consultant blogging about orange juice. Almost. The carton pictured is special. As you unscrew, the cap removes the inner 'cap' so that you can poor as soon as you've unscrewed.
Finally! We have an orange juice carton that's a sinch to open AND doesn't throw your orange juice all over the hob.
The point? It's like the internet. Orange juice cartons have EVOLVED. Look at them now compared to a few years ago. Look at the internet now compared to a few years ago!
Plenty of people talk about the 'growth' of the internet but I believe it's evolving. We're communicating in new and interesting ways, building on existing relationships and creating new ones. We're building communities and collaborating like never before.
The internet is constantly evolving, solving problems, improving on existing ideas and advancing us all. It might be hard to keep up with, but it's damn good fun trying!


text:
Home | More Videos | About Us | Our Advertisers | Contact | Subscribe | Donate
Navigation: Home Back
Children and nutrition
An Evil Empire: Child Protective Services (39:15)
Appetite for Profit (57:34)
Aspartame (10:24)
Behavior and Nutrition (2:49)
Bug-based food dye - harmful or not? (2:13)
Cafeteria Man (trailer) (2:13)
Can autism be cured? (1:08:10)
Chicken nugget experiment (2:36)
Childhood diet predicts adult cancer (7:19)
Children can't identify fresh vegetables (1:45)
Effect of nutrition on brain function (48:00)
Energy Drinks (5:19)
Food dyes and children's behavior (3:35)
Future organic farmer tells it like it is (5:22)
Healthy vending machines? (2:23)
How a nerve poison became "food" (1:29:55)
How the food industry is deceiving you - Part 4 (8:35)
"I can be a normal kid..." (0:24)
Is Red Food Dye #40 driving your child crazy? (3:31)
It's a new world (5:22)
Kids cheering for vegetables (4:50)
Know the enemy (5:17)
Local farming (4:22)
Media attacks on families with autistic children (01:15:24)
Mercury in tuna (2:07)
Pesticides tied to ADHD in children (2:03)
Reminder: Gardasil is not to be trusted (3:54)
School Lunch (2:48)
School lunches (2:11)
"Sweet potatoes" (4:21)
The "incredible edible egg" PR game (8:06)
The Weight of the Nation: School Lunches (1:17)
Toxic tuna (2:13)
What happens when schools care (9:00)
What one big brother did for his little brother (9:18)
Absolutely Free.
Every time we post a new video,
we'll send you a notice by e-mail.
First Name: E-mail address:
Return to the the real food channel home page
About Us | Privacy Policy | Contact


Mercedes & I had a lot of fun with Miss G when she showed up for the studio super last minute for a model call. A friend of "pizza girl", she's been awnting to shoot with us and jumped at the opportunity and I'm so glad she did! While she was in hair & make up, I had an idea for a shot I wanted to get and it was then that I discovered my husband had raided the studio snacks. After a phone call, some replacements appeared as if by magic and we were able to get the images I wanted.
We started in the natural light bedroom set, then spent some time in the sitting room and red room sets. I'm LOVING the new studio and especially having boudies come in who trust my crazy ideas.
Hair & make up by the awesomesauce Mercedes Quinn!


text:
Supervisor Fletcher, Partners Stand-Up Loan Program for Small Biz & Nonprofits
20 April 2020 | by TSDF
San Diego County COVID-19 Small Business and Nonprofit Loan Program $5M small business proposal by Supes. Jacob and Desmond being voted on by Board of Supervisors Tues., April 21 would be first contribution if passes
San Diego – April 20, 2020 – The Office of Supervisor Nathan Fletcher and The San Diego Foundation have formed a public-private partnership to stand-up the San Diego County COVID-19 Small Business and Nonprofit Loan Program (SBNLP). The Program is unique because it is structured to use a combination of subordinated funds and state guaranteed funds to provide financial relief to small businesses and nonprofit organizations in the County who are struggling as a result of the coronavirus pandemic.
For the last four weeks, the Office of Supervisor Fletcher and The San Diego Foundation, have been collaborating with the California Southern Small Business Development Corporation, San Diego & Imperial Small Business Development Center (SBDC), Accion San Diego and LISC San Diego, both Community Development Financial Institutions (CDFI), and Mission Driven Finance — to build this regional vehicle for low-interest and no-interest loans. Most importantly, it is a program that can access available disaster recovery loans with approved 95% guarantees on the principal. It is anticipated a variety of local governments, philanthropists and other entities will contribute to this fund to help our small business and non-profit community.
The San Diego Foundation Board Approves $5 Million for Interest-Free Loans for Nonprofits
"Development of the COVID-19 Small Business and Nonprofit Loan Program began in earnest after we stood-up the Community Response Fund," said Supervisor Fletcher, Co-Chair of the County's COVID-19 Subcommittee. "We designed this Program to allow public and private entities to donate money that our strategic partners can leverage using their technical expertise, staff capacity, balance sheets and resources to rapidly inject liquidity into the local San Diego County small business sector."
Funders are lining-up to contribute to the countywide relief program and will be announced at a later date, but if on Tuesday, April 21, the Board of Supervisors pass the $5 million business loan proposal from Supervisors Dianne Jacob and Jim Desmond — those County funds will be directed to unincorporated areas and flow through the COVID-19 Small Business and Nonprofit Loan Program established by Supervisor Fletcher, The San Diego Foundation, and the finance partners.
"We are grateful for the leadership of County Supervisors Dianne Jacob and Jim Desmond for bringing forward a proposal to the board to provide $5 million to the SBNLP to help start our region's economic recovery," said Mark Stuart, President of The San Diego Foundation.
For small business loans up to $50,000, SBNRP will work with California Southern Small Business Development Corporation, which has served as San Diego's top loan guarantee partner for more than 30 to more than 40 financial institutions and banks. California Southern has worked to leverage the potential for State of California funds of up to approximately $30 million through the State of California's Ibank to be able to support some of the disaster recovery loans with approved up to 95% guarantees on the principal.
For loans over $50,000 to both nonprofits and small businesses, SBNLP collaborators plan to use philanthropic and subordinate funds to leverage additional, low cost funding available from CDFIs and other local banking institutions.
The loan underwriting, servicing and overall program administration will be managed through the Accion and LISC, CDFI institutions, The San Diego Foundation and Mission Driven Finance, a San Diego-based investment firm and Certified B Corporation is dedicated to advancing economic opportunity by getting capital to flow where it normally does not.
SBNLP will open for applications once sufficient capital funding is secured and a web-based application process is finalized, anticipated by June.
The San Diego COVID-19 Community Response Fund makes emergency grants and interest-free loans to nonprofits that are working on the frontlines to provide our region's most vulnerable communities with assistance. Currently, the fund focus is on Education, including bridging the digital divide, closing the gap on learning loss disproportionately affecting Hispanic, Black and low-income students, and access to quality, affordable early childhood education and developmental care, as well as other emergent needs.
Cities, government agencies, philanthropic organizations, and corporations that want to loan or grant funding through this program can visit www.SanDiegoSBNLP.org.
Also, the San Diego & Imperial Small Business Development Center (SBDC), with more than 30 years providing one-on-one assistance to San Diego's small businesses through technical assistance, education workshops and training, will serve as a key partner in working directly with small businesses and nonprofits to prepare for this funding. SBDC would provide business advising to help the businesses correct errors/deficiencies in the application before resubmitting it to the loan fund. SBDC will also provide business advising and identification of other resources for those that do not meet requirements for the fund. SBDC will be able to provide advising and support for the business as they move into the recovery process and into the long-term.
Partner Quotes
"As one of the largest CDFIs in San Diego County, with a history of lending to nonprofits, minorities, women, and affordable housing developers; LISC San Diego will do all that we can to support Supervisor Fletcher to stand-up the San Diego County COVID-19 Small Business and Nonprofit Loan Program (SBNL P). We thank Supervisors Jacob, Desmond for proposing $5 million from the County," said Ricardo Flores, Executive Director of LISC San Diego.
"As a nonprofit dedicated to fueling entrepreneurs with the tools, resources and capital needed to contribute to our local economy and community, our team looks forward to working with these partners to support small businesses during this time, as we know they are the vital fabric of our local neighborhoods," says Elizabeth Schott, CEO of Accion San Diego.
About The San Diego Foundation
The San Diego Foundation maximizes the impact of your charitable giving. We mobilize philanthropic resources to advance quality of life, increase social impact and champion civic engagement. For more than 40 years, The Foundation and our donors have granted more than $1.2 billion to grow a vibrant San Diego region. Learn more at www.sdfoundation.org.
About Mission Driven Finance
Mission Driven Finance is an impact investment firm dedicated to building a financial system that ensures good businesses have access to sufficient, affordable capital. Built from the ground up with a single purpose—to make it easy to invest in your community—all our funds and structured products are designed to close financial gaps that will close opportunity gaps. Mission Driven Finance was launched in 2016 in San Diego, CA and is a Certified B Corporation. Learn more at www.missiondrivenfinance.com.
About California Southern Small Business Development Corporation
California Southern SBDC is a public benefit corporation, 501(c)3, which is chartered and regulated by California Infrastructure and Economic Development Bank (IBank) to provide loan guarantees to financial institutions. Cal-Southern's primary mission is to foster greater levels of job creation and retention throughout the small business community.
Cal Southern was founded in 1989 and annually enters into a contract with the Governor's Office of Business and Economic Development (GOBIZ) and California Infrastructure and Economic Development Bank to administer loan guarantees to financial institutions in Southern California, focusing primarily in San Diego and Imperial Counties. As a public benefit Financial Development Corporation (FDC), California Southern has served as San Diego's top loan guarantee partner for over 30 years to more than 40 financial institutions and banks and has guaranteed over $250 million in loans to small businesses.
California Southern will leverage State of California Trust Funds through the State's IBank to provide disaster recovery approved up to 95% guarantee of loans enrolled and funded.
About San Diego & Imperial SBDC
The San Diego & Imperial Small Business Development Center (SBDC) Network is primarily funded by the US Small Business Administration (SBA) and the California Governor's Office of Business and Economic Development (Go-Biz) and is hosted by Southwestern Community College District. The San Diego & Imperial SBDC provide no-cost business advising and training to regional entrepreneurs at its multiple locations with its partnerships throughout the region.
About LISC San Diego
Is a non-profit funding agency that has been serving San Diego since 1991. LISC San Diego has invested $232 million in grants, loans, and equity investments in the city's low-income communities. This investment has leveraged $1 billion in total development costs, leading to the creation of more than 6,000 affordable rental housing units for San Diego's most vulnerable families and the development of 1 million square feet of retail and commercial.
About Accion
As a Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI) serving San Diego's small business community since 1994, Accion is a nonprofit, mission-based lender dedicated to connecting entrepreneurs with the accessible financing and resources it takes to create or grow healthy businesses. By providing loans ranging from $300 to $100,000, Accion creates opportunity for increased income, economic stability and employment. In Southern California, Accion has provided nearly 5,000 loans totaling more than $44 million in its 25-year history. The mission of Accion is to provide economic opportunity for primarily low-to-moderate income business owners who lack access to traditional sources of credit. Through business loans and support services, Accion strengthens the foundations of emerging entrepreneurs and helps them to thrive in their communities creating positive social and economic change.
About Supervisor Nathan Fletcher
Supervisor Nathan Fletcher represents the Fourth Supervisorial District of San Diego County. He is leading the County of San Diego's response to novel coronavirus as Co-Chair of the County's COVID-19 Subcommittee. Supervisor Fletcher is working daily with the County's Chief Administrative Officer, Public Health officials and a cross-departmental emergency operations team to protect public health, reduce the risk of COVID-19 spread to residents and respond to the constantly changing dynamic of this global pandemic. For more information and to learn about the County's response visit www.coronavirus-sd.com.
James Canning, County of San Diego, 619-685-2245, james.canning@sdcounty.ca.gov
Justin Nunez, The San Diego Foundation, 336-254-7056, justin@sdfoundation.org
Categories: COVID-19, Press Releases
Tagged: COVID-19, San Diego COVID-19 Small Business and Nonprofit Loan Program


The project is located in the center of the township of Changyang, Fangshan District, adjacent to Changyang station on the S5 Fangshan line light rail. A vibrant and diverse mega community, Xiyueshan extends metropolitan Beijing further to the south and introduces contemporary residential housing to the region. The project boasts a total construction area of 700,000 square meters.


The "Embedded Development Kit: Concepts, Tools and Techniques" has been updated for ISE® Design Suite 11 and is available now on Xilinx.com. This document will show you how to quickly and easily design and build an embedded hardware system. It also covers code development and debug using the Eclipse-based Software Development Kit and features advanced topics including the design of custom peripherals and using the Base System Builder to create dual-processor designs with just a few mouse clicks. Download it now!
The ISE® Design Suite: DSP Edition includes all of the features and technologies found in the ISE Design Suite: Logic Edition plus additional tools and DSP-specific IP tailored to the needs of algorithm, system, and hardware developers. Find out what's new for DSP developers in the ISE Design Suite online.
The ISE® Design Suite: Embedded Edition includes all of the features and technologies found in the ISE Design Suite: Logic Edition plus additional tools and IP required for Xilinx® Platform FPGAs designs with embedded PowerPC® hard processor cores and/or MicroBlaze™ soft processor cores. Find out what's new for embedded developers in the ISE Design Suite online.
This web seminar shows how Xilinx® offers the key components to take advantage of integrated PCI EXPRESS® block support for increased chip-to-chip bandwidth in Virtex®-6 and Spartan®-6 FPGAs. Registration opening soon on our webcast site.
Xilinx is very proud to announce that NASA engineers are using commercial grade Virtex®-4 FX60 FPGAs in the Hubble Space Telescope repair mission STS-125 launched on May 11, 2009. In particular, the FPGAs are at the heart of a powerful computer, dubbed the SpaceCube, in shuttle Atlantis' support equipment. According to NASA technologist David Petrick, the SpaceCube-- which leverages redundant computing cores (eight PowerPC cores embedded in four commercial grade Virtex-4 FPGAs)--performed flawlessly. The SpaceCube's position on the MULE (Multi-Use Lightweight Equipment) carrier can be seen in Fig. 2-7 of the mission media guide available here in this 28 MB pdf download.
Visit Xilinx at the Intel Embedded eVent - Event Archive Now Available!
From October 2009 through February 2010, Avnet and Xilinx will co-host X-fest events in 36 locations throughout Asia, Europe, North America and Japan. X-fest is a global series of technical seminars - offering practical, how-to training for designers interested in using the new Spartan®-6 and Virtex®-6 FPGA families from Xilinx. X-fest events will also feature partner exhibits that allow for direct interaction with factory experts eager to share their insights into exciting new products and advanced technologies and to demonstrate the latest development platforms. Read more, learn about the participating partners and register for an event near you!
Xilinx and its partners are pleased to announce the X-Tech 2009 Technical Seminar series is headed to the Pacific Northwest. X-Tech is a free, one day technical seminar focused on topics important to hardware engineers, software engineers, and system architects. These multi-track events have sessions for every type of designer who works in British Columbia Canada, Washington or Oregon USA. The seminar includes food and beverage but to attend, you must register prior to the seminars. X-Tech will be held in Burnaby, BC Canada on June 2, 2009, in Lynnwood, WA on June 3 and Lake Oswego, OR on June 4.
To no longer receive emails from Xilinx, please click here.


Jeep Wrangler JL Rock Rails Enhanced with rub rail 2 doors.
Jeep Wrangler JL Rock Rails Enhanced with rub rail 4 doors.
Jeep Wrangler JL Rock Rails 2 doors.
Jeep Wrangler JL Rock Rails 4 doors.
Jeep Wrangler JL Black tube steps 2 doors.


A multi-media dance company, Deborah Slater Dance Theater does visually gorgeous, acrobatic, talking dance. DSDT is dedicated to the creation of works that explore social issues using humor, original movement, text and/or music.
Danced with Melissa Caywood, Anna Greenberg, Derek Harris, Andrew Merrell. Live and original music by Nils Bultman on the viola.


text:
The following is a list of musical scales and modes. Degrees are relative to the major scale.

See also

Bebop scale
Chord-scale system
Heptatonic scale
Jazz scale
List of chord progressions
List of chords
List of musical intervals
List of pitch intervals
Arabian maqam
Modes of limited transposition
Symmetric scale
Synthetic modes
Tetrachord

External links
 A free Android app with scales & building chords for the scales
 A Study Of Scales
 The Universal Encyclopedia of Scales

 List
Scales and modes
Music theory

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home>News>Urbana High School Student Wins MPSSAA 75th Anniversary Logo Contest
Urbana High School Student Wins MPSSAA 75th Anniversary Logo Contest
75th_Logo_JPEG
Baltimore, Md. - In conjunction with today's celebration of the Maryland Public Secondary Schools Athletic Association 75-Anniversary, the association is unveiling a 75-anniversary logo to be used for the remainder of the 2020-2021 academic year. The commemorative logo was originated by Patrick DiMisa, a senior at Urbana High School in Frederick County, as part of the MPSSAA 75-Anniversary logo contest.
Mr. DiMisa's design bested 33 others in an MPSSAA logo contest for member high school students. The school's athletic department will receive a $1,000.00 in scholarship funds from the MPSSAA and t-shirts sporting the logo.
Seventy-five years ago on January 26, 1946, representatives from local school systems and the Maryland State Department of Education met at the Enoch Pratt Library in downtown Baltimore to establish the framework for a state high school athletic association to replace the loosely organized "Playground Athletic League".
The MPSSAA's origins can be traced to a collection of pioneers with the foresight to establish an association on the heels of World War II for the benefit of delivering statewide education-based athletics. Dr. Thomas Ferguson, the State Supervisor of Physical Education and Recreation at the time, was the driving force behind the formation of "The Health and Physical Education Association of Maryland Schools" which eventually became the Maryland Public Secondary Schools Athletic Association that we know today.
The MPSSAA congratulates Mr. DiMisa, Urbana High School, and Frederick County Public Schools. For more information on the MPSSAA at 75, check out related newspaper articles and a story on the 75th Anniversary at www.mpssaa.org.


Epic dances up big walls.
Boreal's Ballet Gold Climbing Shoe dances up cracks and edges on multi-pitches as long as El Cap's Nose. In a classic high top with a full-length insole and midsole, the Ballet Gold provides plenty of support for foot-jamming as high as the sky. Boreal built the Ballet Gold on a board last similar to a trekking shoe, and that combined with Boreal's sticky FS-Quattro rubber sole gives excellent edging on more technical, crimpy pitches. This shoe also features a split leather upper with anti-stretch stitching, and there's a full canvas lining for breathability and durability.
Excellent trad shoe! Great foot support, edges extremely well. Fit is true to size. Canvas lining makes for a no-stretch fit. The rubber seems a bit hard for smearing, but it did everything I needed it to do without a problem.
Ever wondered what its like to have the stability of a gyro on your feet when climbing slab? Look no further.
I was blown away at the stability these shoes have on small holds on less than vertical climbs. I was able to pad my way up some pretty stout slabs in Little Cottonwood when I demo'd these.
What I will say is that they fit a bit different than other "Slip lasted" Shoes - Which is what most shoes are designed on. These are stiff, while being comfortable - you gain the stability of a "half size down" without the pain of downsizing.
For all day multipitching around - these shoes are great!