text:
Amides, C8-18(even-numbered) and C18(unsatd.), N-(2-hydroxypropyl)
EC number: 931-596-9 | CAS number: 1335203-30-9
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screening for reproductive / developmental toxicity
Combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction / developmental toxicity screening
From February 04, 2021 to September 08, 2021
adopted on 29 July 2016
Female animals were supplied in the weight range of 197-222 g and not 175-200 g, as indicated in the Study Protocol, while males were in the range of 211-246 g instead of 200-225 g. These deviations had no impact on the study
No molecular formula available for this UVCB.
Sprague-Dawley
Hsd: Sprague Dawley SD rats
Details on species / strain selection:
The Sprague Dawley rat is the species and strain of choice because it is accepted by many regulatory authorities and there is ample experience and background data on this species and strain.
- Animal supply and acclimatization:
A total of 102 Hsd: Sprague Dawley SD rats (45 males and 57 virgin females), 7 to 8 weeks old and weighing 200 to 225 g for males and 175 to 200 g for females, were ordered from and supplied by Charles River Italia S.p.A., Calco (Lecco), Italy. After arrival, on 28 January 2021, the weight range for each sex was determined (211-246 g for males, 197-222 g for females) and the animals were temporarily identified within the cage by means of a coloured mark on the tail. A health check was then performed by a veterinarian. An acclimatisation period of approximately 4 weeks was allowed before the start of treatment, during which time the health status of the animals was assessed by thorough observations.
- Animal husbandry:
The animals were housed in a limited access rodent facility. Animal room controls were set to maintain temperature and relative humidity at 22°C±2°C and 55%±15%, respectively; actual conditions were monitored, recorded and the records retained. There were approximately 15 to 20 air changes per hour and the rooms were lit by artificial light for 12 hours each day. From arrival to mating, animals were housed up to 5 of one sex to a cage, in polysulfone solid bottomed cages measuring 59.5×38×20 cm (Tecniplast Gazzada S.a.r.l., Buguggiate, Varese). Nesting material was provided inside suitable bedding bags and changed at least twice a week. During mating, animals were housed one male to one female in clear polysulfone cages measuring 42.5×26.6×18.5 cm with a stainless steel mesh lid and floor (Tecniplast Gazzada S.a.r.l., Buguggiate, Varese). Each cage tray held absorbent material which was inspected and changed daily. After mating, the males were re-caged as they were before mating. The females were transferred to individual solid bottomed cages for the gestation period, birth and lactation (measuring 42.5×26.6×18.5 cm). Nesting material was provided inside suitable bedding bags. In addition, suitable nesting material (Scobis 0 Mucedola) was provided as necessary and changed at least 2 times a week. Drinking water was supplied ad libitum to each cage via water bottles, except in the case of urinalysis investigations. A commercially available laboratory rodent diet (4 RF 21, Mucedola S.r.l., Via G. Galilei, 4, 20019 Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy) was offered ad libitum throughout the study. There was no information available to indicate that any non-nutrient substance likely to influence the effect of the test item was present in the drinking water or the diet. Records of analyses of water and diet are kept on file at ERBC. Dated and signed records of activities relating to the day to day running and maintenance of the study in the animal house were recorded.
- Allocation to groups:
On the day of allocation all animals were weighed. Animals at the extremes of the weight distribution were excluded to leave the required number of animals. Furthermore, female animals that exhibited anomalies in the oestrous cycle were not allocated to the main groups. The rats were allocated to the groups by computerised stratified randomisation to give approximately equal initial group mean body weights. At allocation to the study, the body weight variation of animals did not exceed 20% of the mean weight of each sex. Individuals were uniquely identified within the study by sex, tattoo on the hind feet and ear notch and housed five per sex per cage. The cages were identified by a label and recording the study number, animal numbers and details of treatment. The arrangement of cages in batteries was such that cages from each group were distributed to minimise possible environmental effects and or contamination.
CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose)
0.5% CMC
The required amount of test substance was suspended in the vehicle. The formulations were prepared weekly or daily (concentrations of 10, 30 and 75 mg/mL), according to stability data from ERBC study No. A4126. Concentrations were calculated and expressed in terms of test substance as supplied. The test substance was administered orally by gavage at a dose volume of 10 mL/kg body weight. Control animals received the vehicle alone at the same dose volume. The dose was administered to each animal on the basis of the most recently recorded body weight and the volume administered was recorded for each animal.
Details on mating procedure:
Pairing was monogamous (one male to one female) with the exception of 2 males (X1680050 and X1680066) which replaced 2 males died on Days 8 and 13 of pre-mating phase (nos. X1680048 and X1680078, respectively).
A vaginal smear was taken from all females from the day after the start of pairing until positive identification of copulation (sperm identification, vaginal plug in situ or copulation plugs found in the cage tray). The female was paired with the same male until positive identification occurred or 14 days had elapsed.
Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
The analytical method was validated in ERBC Study no. A4126 in the range from 10 to 100 mg/mL. Linearity, accuracy and precision were within the limits stated in ERBC validation protocol (r > 0.99; accuracy 80-120%; precision CV < 10%). In ERBC Study no. A4126, 28-hour stability at room temperature and 15-day stability at 2-8°C were verified in the range from 10 to 100 mg/mL. According to ERBC SOPs, suspensions are considered to be stable if concentration and homogeneity, after the defined period of storage, are still acceptable (80%-120% for concentration and CV < 10% for homogeneity). The proposed preparation procedure for the test substance was checked in the range from 10 to 100 mg/mL by chemical analysis (concentration and homogeneity) in ERBC Study no. A4126 to confirm that the method was suitable. Final results for all levels were within the acceptability limits stated in ERBC SOPs for concentration (80-120%) and homogeneity (CV < 10%). Samples of the preparations prepared on Weeks 1 and 5 (last week with males and females) were analysed to check the homogeneity and concentration. Results of the analyses were within the acceptability limits stated in ERBC SOPs for suspensions (80-120% for concentration and CV < 10% for homogeneity). Chemical analysis was carried out by the Analytical Chemistry Department. The software used for this activity was Empower® 2 Build No. 2154.
- Males: Animals were dosed once a day, 7 days a week, for 14 days prior to pairing, through the pairing period and thereafter until the day before necropsy, for a total of 33/34 days. Dose volumes were adjusted once per week for each animal according to the last recorded body weight.
- Females: Animals were dosed once a day, 7 days a week, for 14 days prior to pairing and thereafter during pairing, post coitum and post-partum periods until Day 13 post-partum, or the day before sacrifice (for a total of 38 to 65 days). Dose volumes were adjusted once per week for each animal according to the last recorded body weight up to mating. During the gestation and lactation periods, dose volumes were calculated according to the last recorded body weight.
Once daily, 7 days/week
Details on study schedule:
Males: Animals were dosed once a day, 7 days a week, for 14 days prior to pairing, through the pairing period and thereafter until the day before necropsy or the day before sacrifice, up to a total of 33/34 days for surviving animals. Dose volumes were adjusted once per week for each animal according to the last recorded body weight.
Females: Animals were dosed once a day, 7 days a week, for 14 days prior to pairing and thereafter during pairing, post coitum and post partum periods until Day 13 post partum or the day before sacrifice (for a total of 38 to 65 days). Dose volumes were adjusted once per week for each animal according to the last recorded body weight up to mating. During the gestation and lactation periods, dose volumes were calculated according to the last recorded body weight.
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
Doses / concentrations 1
Dose / conc.:
0 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
100 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
10 rats per sex per dose
- Mortality:
Throughout the study, all animals were checked early in each working day in the morning and in the afternoon. At weekends and Public Holidays a similar procedure was followed except that the final check was carried out at approximately mid-day. This allowed post mortem examinations to be carried out during the working period of that day. Severely debilitated animals were observed carefully. One animal showing difficulty in parturition was sacrificed for humane reasons. A complete necropsy was performed in all cases.
- Clinical signs:
Once before commencement of treatment and at least once daily during the study, each animal was observed and any clinical signs was recorded. Observations were performed at the same time interval each day, the interval was selected taking into consideration the presence of post-dose reactions. Observations were performed at the same time interval each day (approximately 5 - 10 minutes and 1.30 - 2 hours post-dose), the interval was selected taking into consideration the presence of post-dose reactions. All observations were recorded for individual animals.
- Clinical Observations (Functional Observation Battery Tests):
Once before commencement of treatment and once a week thereafter, each animal was given a detailed clinical examination (ERBC SOP no. ANI/344). Each animal was removed from the home cage and observed in an open arena. The tests included observation of changes in gait and posture, reactivity to handling, presence of clonic or tonic movements, stereotypies or bizarre behaviour and effects on the autonomic nervous system (e.g. lachrymation, piloerection, pupil size, unusual respiratory pattern). Changes in fur, skin, eyes, mucous membranes, occurrences of secretions and excretions were also recorded. All observations were recorded for individual animals.
- Grip strength and sensory reactivity to stimuli:
Once during the study, towards the end of treatment (during Week 5 for males and Day 12 post partum for females with viable litters, where possible), 5 out of 10 males and 5 out of 10 females were randomly selected from each group for evaluation of sensory reactivity to stimuli of different modalities (e.g. auditory, visual and proprioceptive stimuli) and for assessment of grip strength (ERBC SOP no. ANI/344). Measurements were performed using a computer-generated random order.
- Motor activity assessment (MA):
Once during the study, towards the end of treatment (during Week 4 for males and on Day 12 post partum for females with viable litters where possible), 5 males and 5 females were randomly selected from each group and the motor activity (MA) were measured (for approximately 5 minutes) by an automated activity recording device (ERBC SOP no. ANI/346). Measurements were performed using a computer-generated random order.
- Body weight
Parental animals: Males were weighed weekly from allocation to termination. Females were weighed weekly from allocation to positive identification of mating and on Days 0, 7, 14 and 20 post coitum.
Dams were weighed on Days 1, 4, 7, 13 post partum and just before to necropsy.
- Food consumption:
The weight of food consumed by each cage of males and females was recorded weekly (whenever possible) during the pre-mating period starting from Day 1 of dosing up to mating. Individual food consumption for mated females was measured on gestation Days 7, 14 and 20 post coitum starting from Day 0 post coitum and on Day 7 and 13 post partum starting from Day 1 post partum.
- Mating:
- Parturition check and duration of gestation
A parturition check was performed from Day 20 to Day 25 post coitum. Females which did not gave birth after 25 days of post coitum period were sacrificed shortly after. Gestation length was calculated as the time between the day of successful mating (Day 0 post coitum) and the day of birth. The day of birth (when parturition was complete) was defined as Day 0 post partum.
-Blood collection for metabolomics analysis:
At the end of treatment period, 1 mL was taken from all surviving males and females, under conditions of food deprivation. Blood samples were collected (from the retro-orbital sinus in the males, from the abdominal vena cava in the females) and immediately transferred with a 1 mL pipette tip into an Eppendorf tube containing 10 µL of 10% Titriplex III solution. The tube was immediately closed and gently mixed 5-6 times by inverting it. Blood was kept cool in ice water (approximately 4°C) during the collection period of up to 20 minutes. To separate plasma, the blood was centrifuged at 4°C, 20000 g for 2 minutes. Blood cells and plasma were separated; 0.5 mL of the supernatant plasma layer were pipetted with a 1 mL pipette tip into the second labelled Eppendorf tube and covered with a N2 atmosphere. Tubes were closed with the lid which was wrapped with Parafilm-M, and frozen at -80°C within at maximum 30 minutes after centrifugation, then stored at -80°C until despatch for additional investigations (metabolomics analysis) at an external laboratory. Results of the metabolomic analysis, the corresponding data and their interpretation are the responsibility of the Sponsor and are reported separately.
- Clinical pathology investigations
Blood collection was performed for hormone determination (0.8 mL) from all parental animals at termination under condition of food deprivation. Blood samples for haematology, clinical chemistry and coagulation were collected by random selection from 5 males and 5 females (females with viable litters) of each group, under condition of food deprivation. Following haematology and coagulation paramaters were assessed: haematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood cell count, reticulocyte count, mean red blood cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, differential leucocyte count, platelets and prothrobin time. Clinical chemistry parameters assessed corresponds to : alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, urea, creatinine, glucose, triglycerides, bile acids, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G Ratio, sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, inorganic phosphorus.
-Urinalysis (Only males randomly selected)
During the last week of treatment, individual overnight urine samples were also collected from the same animals selected for clinical pathology investigations (5 males/group, randomly selected). Before starting urine collection water bottles were removed from each cage and each animal received approximately 10 mL/kg of drinking water by gavage, in order to obtain urine samples suitable for analysis. The measurements performed on urine samples are as follows: appearance, volume (manually recorded), specific gravity, pH, protein, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, blood.
These parameters were analysed by Menarini Aution Max AX 4280/Aution Eleven AE 4020/Aution Sticks 10EA or ATAGO Refractometer (for Specific gravity), according to in- ternal procedures. The sediment, obtained from centrifugation at approximately 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, was examined microscopically for: epithelial cells, leucocytes, erythrocytes, crystals, spermatozoa and precursors, other abnormal components.
- Blood collection and thyroid hormone determination (T4 and TSH)
Blood collection for hormone determination was performed from all animals at termination.
Blood samples (approximately 0.8 mL) for hormone determination were collected under isoflurane anaesthesia from the abdominal vena cava . The order of collection was equalised between groups.
As a part of the necropsy procedure, blood samples (approximately 0.8 mL) for hormone determination was withdrawn from the abdominal vena cava under isoflurane anaesthesia. The order of collection was equalised between groups.
- Immunoanalysis - Thyroid hormone determination (T4 and TSH)
Samples were assayed to determine the serum levels of Total thyroxine (total T4) and Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) by RadioImmunoAssay (RIA).
Oestrous cyclicity (parental animals):
- Before allocation and stock females:
All females ordered for the study were evaluated pre-exposure for oestrous cyclicity and animals that exhibit anomalies in the oestrous cycle were not allocated to the study. Oestrus cycle was monitored by vaginal smears for 2 weeks before allocation. These data were not tabulated in this report but will be archived with the raw data.
- Females allocated to groups: Vaginal smears were taken in the morning from Day 1 of dosing up to positive identification of mating. The vaginal smear data was examined to determine the following: 1. anomalies of the oestrous cycle 2. the pre-coital interval (i.e., the number of nights paired prior to the detection of mating)
-Before despatch to necropsy: Vaginal smears were also taken from all females, before despatch to necropsy and the oestrous cycle phase recorded. No vaginal smears were taken from females sacrificed for humane reasons.
Litter data at birth, on Day 1, Day 4 and on Day 13 post-partum of females were recorded.
-Pups identification, weight and observations:
On Day 1, as soon as possible after parturition was considered complete (Day 0 post partum), all pups (live and dead) were counted, sexed and live pups were identified. Live pups were individually weighed on Days 1, 4 and 13 post partum. Pups killed or dying during the lactation period were weighed before despatch to necropsy. Observation was performed once daily for all litters from Day 0 post partum. After culling, all pups were sacrificed with the dams on Day 14 post partum.
- Culling and pup selection for blood collection (serum hormone determination) at necropsy:
On Day 4 post partum, the size of each litter was adjusted by eliminating extra pups by random selection (by use of a random list generated by the computerised system) to yield, as nearly as possible, four pups per sex per litter. Partial adjustment (for example, 5 males and 3 females) was acceptable. On Day 4 post partum, at least one culled male and one culled female (where possible) were selected for hormone determination. No pups were eliminated when litter size will drop below the culling target (8 pups/litter).
-Anogenital distance (AGD):
The AGD of each pup was measured with a digital caliper on Day 1 post partum. The AGD was normalized to the cube root of body weight collected on Day 1 post partum.
- Nipple count:
On Day 13 post partum, all live male pups were observed for the presence of nipples/areolae. Since no nipples were observed, these data were not reported (data archived with the other raw data of the study).
- Blood collection and thyroid hormone determination (T4 and TSH) (delegated phase)
Pups on Days 4 and 14 post partum: On Day 4 and 14 post partum, as part of the necropsy procedure, blood samples of approx- imately 0.5 mL (by sex) were taken from each litter (1 sample for males and 1 sample for females, when possible). Blood samples were withdrawn under light ether anaesthesia from the heart (intracardiac puncture). The order of collection was equalised between groups.
- Necropsy:
The clinical history of adult animals was studied and a detailed post-mortem examination was conducted (including examination of the external surface and orifices). Changes were noted, the requisite organs weighed, and the required tissue samples preserved in fixative and processed for histopathological examination.
Females: All females were examined also for the following: 1) number of visible implantation sites (pregnant animals) and 2) number of corpora lutea (pregnant animals). Uteri of females with no visible implantations were immersed in a 20% solution of ammonium sulphide to reveal evidence of implantation.
- Organ weights:
Parental animals: From all animals completing the scheduled test period, the following organs were dissected free of fat and weighed: abnormalities, adrenal glands, bone marrow, aecum, clitoral gland, colon, duodenum, epididymides, eyes, femur, heart, ileum, jejunum, kidneys, liver, lung, lymph nodes, mammary gland, nasal cavity, oessophagus, ovaries, parathyroid gland, pituitary gland, penis, prostate gland, rectum, sciatic nerve, seminal vesicles, spinal column, spinal cord, skeletal muscle, splee, stomatch, testes, thymus, thyroid gland, trachea, urinary bladder, uterus, vagina. The ratios of organ weight to body weight were calculated for each animal.
- Tissues fixed and preserved:
Samples of all the tissues (all parental animals) were fixed and preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin (except eyes, optic nerves and Harderian glands, testes and epididymides which were fixed in modified Davidson's fluid and preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol).
- Histopathological examination:
After dehydration and embedding in paraffin wax, sections of the tissues were cut at 5 micrometer thickness and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. In addition, the testes and epididymides were cut at 2-3 micrometer thickness and stained with Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS). The tubular stages of the spermatogenic cycle, was conducted in order to identify treatment-related effects, such as: missing germ cell layers or types, retained spermatids, multinucleated or apoptotic germ cells and sloughing of spermatogenic cells into the lumen. Identification of the stages of the spermatogenic cycle was carried out. The examination was restricted to 1) tissues from 5 males and 5 females randomly selected (animals evaluated for clinical pathology) in the control and high dose group killed at term and 2) all abnormalities in all groups.
Postmortem examinations (offspring):
All pups found dead in the cage or sacrificed for humane reasons were examined for external and internal abnormalities. All culled pups sacrificed at Day 4 post partum were subjected to an external examination. Sex was determined by internal gonads inspection.
Pups at Day 14 postpatum: All live pups sacrificed on Day 14 post partum were examined for external abnormalities.
Internal examination: Gonads were inspected from all pups in order to confirm the sex previously determined by external examination. All pups with abnormalities were retained in a 10% neutral buffered formalin.
Nipple count retention on Day 14 post-partum: The ventral region of male pups was checked for presence of nipples/areolae.
Pups at Day 14 post-partum: Thyroid was weighed from one male and one female pup selected for blood collection of hormone determination and preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin for possible histopathological examination. The thyroid weight was determined after fixation.
Standard deviations were calculated as appropriate. For continuous variables the significance of the differences amongst group means was assessed by Dunnett's test or a modified t test, depending on the homogeneity of data. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance was used for the other parameters. Intergroup differences between the control and treated groups were assessed by the non- parametric version of the Williams test. The mean values, standard deviations and statistical analysis were calculated from actual values in the computer without rounding off.
Group mean values were calculated for all parameters. The following reproductive indices were calculated for main groups animals:
- Males
Copulation Index (%) = (no.of males with confirmed mating / no.of males cohabitated) × 100
Fertility Index (%) = (no.of males which induced pregnancy / no.of males cohabitated) × 100
- Females
Copulatory Index (%) = (no.of females with confirmed mating / no.of females cohabitated) × 100
Fertility Index (%) = (no.of pregnant females/ no.of females cohabitated) × 100
- Males and females
Pre coital Interval = The number of nights paired prior to the detection of mating
Pre-implantation loss was calculated as a percentage from the formula: (no. of corpora lutea − no.of visible implantation / no. of corpora lutea) × 100
Pre-natal loss was calculated as a percentage from the formula: (no.of visible implantations − Live litter size at birth / no.of visible implantations) × 100
Post-natal loss at Day 0 post partum was calculated as a percentage from the formula: (Total litter size − Live litter size / Total litter size) × 100
Post-natal loss at Day 4 post partum (before culling) was calculated as a percentage from the formula: (Live litter size at birth − live litter size at Day 4 (before culling)/ Live litter size at birth) × 100
Post-natal loss at Day 13 post partum (after culling) was calculated as a percentage from the formula: (Live litter size on Day 4 (after culling) − Live litter size on Day 13 / Live litter size on Day 4 (after culling)) × 100
Anogenital distance in pups was presented as normalized to the cube root of body weight collected on Day 1 post partum.
Sex ratios was calculated at birth, on Day 4 and on Day 14 post partum and was presented as the percentage of males per litter.
effects observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence and severity):
Salivation was observed in 8 out of 10 males and 9 out of 10 females dosed at 300 and and in all males and females dosed at 750 mg/kg/day with a dose-related frequency (only occasionally in one individual females dosed at 100 mg/kg/day), from the first few days of the pre-mating phase up to termination.
Animals of the control group did not show any sign during the whole treatment period. Piloerection, pallor and swollen neck were also occasionally seen in 1 female dosed at 300 mg/kg/day (animal no. X1680059), while dyspnoea was observed in 1 male dosed at 750 mg/kg/day (animal no. X1680076). Due to the transient occurence and the low incidence, these signs were not considered treatment-related.
Dermal irritation (if dermal study):
Mortality:
mortality observed, non-treatment-related
Description (incidence):
One male from Group 3 (dosed at 300 mg/kg/day, no. X1680048) and one male from Group 4 (dosed at 750 mg/kg/day, no. X1680078) were found dead on Days 9 and 13 of the pre- mating phase, respectively. In addition, 1 female from Group 2 (dosed at 100 mg/kg/day, no. X1680033) was sacrificed for humane reasons on Day 22 of the gestation phase. Altogether, these mortalities were not considered treatment-related.
Animal no. X1680048 (300 mg/kg/day) showed salivation and dyspnoea in the days be- fore death. Macroscopically, dark red colour and incomplete collapse of lungs and clear fluid in the thoracic cavity were noted. At microscopic observation, diffuse oedema and haemorrhage of the lungs were observed. Death was considered to be related to misgavage.
Animal no. X1680078 (750 mg/kg/day) showed salivation in the days before death. Macro- scopically, single dark red area of the calvaria and dark red fluid in the cranial and thoracic cavity were observed. At microscopic observation, sub meningeal haemorrhage of the brain, alveolar and interstitial haemorrhage of the lungs, were noted. Death was considered to be related to a traumatic impact of the head following an accidental fall from the cage.
Animal no. X1680033 (100 mg/kg/day), was sacrificed for humane reasons on Day 22 of the gestation phase for difficulty in parturition. Piloerection and pallor were observed prior to sacrifice. No abnormalities were detected at macroscopic observation. At microscopic observation, unilateral cortical hypertrophy was noted. On the basis of the prolonged time without completing the parturition, impaired parturition was considered to be the reason for sacrifice. The gross and microscopic evaluation did not allow to establish the cause of impared parturition. In the absence of a dose-relation and other treatment-related effects, the difficulty in parturition observed in this animal is not considered to be treatment-related.
Body weight and body weight gain for male and female animals were generally comparable between the treated and control groups, before and during mating, during gestation and post partum periods.
Before pairing, on Day 15, females receiving 750 mg/kg/day showed a decrease in body weight gain (-91%) compared to the control group, while statistically significant body weight losses were seen in the males dosed at 300 mg/kg/day on Day 15 of mating phase. These isolated changes were followed by a regular growth of the animals. Due to their occasional occurrence and/or in the absence of a dose-relation, these changes were not considered treatment-related.
Food consumption was unaffected by treatment in both gender during the study.
Food efficiency:
Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
Ophthalmological findings:
Haematological findings:
No treatment-related changes were recorded.
The statistically significant differences recorded between control and treated animals (mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration in males, reticulocytes and platelets in females) were not dose-related and/or of minimal severity, therefore they were considered to be incidental.
No changes were recorded for coagulation.
Clinical biochemistry findings:
A statistically significant decrease of total bilirubin (48%) was recorded in males dosed at 750 mg/kg/day. The decrease of bilirubin has no biological/pathological significance, especially in rats where normal values are low (mean historical control data is 0.04 mg/dL) and the low limit of historical control data is 0 mg/dL.
Endocrine findings:
Parental and pups on Day 14 post partum: No treatment related changes were observed in thyroid hormone.
Urinalysis findings:
Parental males: no changes were obersved.
Behaviour (functional findings):
Observation of animals at removal from the cage and in the open arena (neurotoxicity assessment) did not reveal changes attributable to the test item, compared to controls.
Immunological findings:
No treatment-related alterations in motor activity, grip strength and sensory reactivity to stimuli were observed in any treatment group at the examination performed at the end of treatment.
There were no treatment-related microscopic observations at the end of the treatment period. Any microscopic observations had a comparable incidence in control and treated groups and/or are characteristically seen in untreated rats of the same age and were considered incidental and unrelated to treatment. There were no test item-related microscopic observations in the testis (stage aware evalu- ation on PAS-stained slides).
Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
No treatment-related anomalies were noted in the oestrous cycle and pre-coital interval of the treated females, when compared to controls.
The total number of oestrous cycles observed in all females before pairing (number of non sequential days in which the females were in oestrous) were similar between control and treated groups and was of 3 times (mean value). The number of copulation plugs was similar between control and treated groups.
The copulatory and fertility indices were 90% for controls and 100% for low, mid- and high dose groups (dosed at 100, 300 and 750 mg/kg/day). One male of the high dose group (no. X1680066) which cohabitated with 2 females, mated with the first female only (no. X1680065). The copulatory and fertility indices were 90% for controls and high dose groups and 100% for low and mid-dose groups.
Copulatory and fertility indices were considered to be unaffected by administration of the test substance.
- Males: The copulatory and fertility indices were 90% for controls and 100% for low, mid- and high dose groups (dosed at 100, 300 and 750 mg/kg/day). One male of the high dose group (no. X1680066) which cohabitated with 2 females, mated with the first female only (no. X1680065).
- Females: The copulatory and fertility indices were 90% for controls and high dose groups and 100% for low and mid-dose groups.
- Fate of females: The number of females with live pups on Day 14 post partum was: 9 in the control and high dose groups, 8 in the low dose, and 10 in the mid-dose treated groups (dosed at 0, 100, 300 and 750 mg/kg/day).
- Implantation, pre-birth loss data and gestation lenght of females: Mean gestation period was comparable between control and treated animals, being of 22/23 days. Corpora lutea, number of implantations sites and live litter size did not show dose-related or treatment-related differences, compared to controls.
Pre implantation loss (percentage) was similar between control and treated groups. Pre- natal loss (percentage) was increased in the 3 treated groups (with no dose-relation) when compared to controls, with no statistical significance. The relationship with the test item was considered to be unlikely, in the absence of a clear dose-relation and in view of the comparison with the reference control data.
No differences which could be considered adverse were observed in total litter size, live litter size, mean pup loss, sex ratio and mean pup weights among the treated dams and the controls at birth and on Days 1, 4 and 13 post partum.
- Litter data at birth, on Day 1, Day 4 and on Day 13 post partum of females and sex ratio of pups: The increase in mean post-natal loss observed in Group 3 females, compared to the control, was attributed to animal no. X1680037, which showed total litter loss on Day 2 post partum. The slight decrease in mean litter weight seen from Day 1 to Day 13 post partum in dams dosed at 750 mg/kg/day when compared to controls was mainly attributed to animal no. X1680075, with 2 pups only. No differences were observed in mean pup weights.
Salivation was observed in 8 out of 10 males and 9 out of 10 females dosed at 300 and and in all males and females dosed at 750 mg/kg/day with a dose-related frequency (only occasionally in one individual females dosed at 100 mg/kg/day), from the first few days of the pre-mating phase up to termination. Animals of the control group did not show any sign during the whole treatment period. Piloerection, pallor and swollen neck were also occasionally seen in 1 female dosed at 300 mg/kg/day (animal no. X1680059), while dyspnoea was observed in 1 male dosed at 750 mg/kg/day (animal no. X1680076). Due to the transient occurence and the low incidence, these signs were not considered treatment-related. Mortality was observed but not treatment-related (attributed to misgavage and accidental trauma, respectively). Neurotoxicity assessment (removal from the home cage and observations in an open arena), motor activity, grip strength and sensory reactivity to stimuli did not reveal changes attributable to the test substance. Body weight and body weight gain of treated animals did not show differences throughout the study when compared to the control group. Body weight and body weight gain of treated animals did not show differences throughout the study when compared to the control group. The food consumption was comparable in all groups. No adverse findings were recorded in clinical pathology investigations (haematology including coagulation parameters and clinical chemistry). Hormone analysis did not show any relation to treatment. Urinalysis in male animals did not reveal changes attributable to the test substance.
Concerning the reproductive parameters, no relevant differences were found in terms of mating performance including the pre-coital interval (number of days paired to sperm positive day), copulatory evidence (positive identification of mating, i.e. the presence of sperm and/or copulation plug in situ or in the cage) or fertility index. Terminal body weight and organs weight did not show relevant differences between control and treated groups. At macroscopic and microscopic observations, no treatment-related changes were seen any in treated males and females, when compared to the controls.
ca. 750 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
body weight and weight gain
food consumption and compound intake
organ weights and organ / body weight ratios
gross pathology
histopathology: non-neoplastic
reproductive function (oestrous cycle)
other: Endocrine:Thyroid hormone
Target system / organ toxicity (P0)
No treatment-related clinical signs were observed in pups during the 14-day observation period. Cold to the touch, apparently no food intake (milk) and small appearance, pallor, hair loss, were in general the mainly clinical signs noted in control and/or treated pups. Some pups were found dead or missing, possibly due to cannibalization after death. Incidence of these signs was comparable between treated and control groups.
Some pups were found dead or missing, possibly due to cannibalization after death. Incidence of these signs was comparable between treated and control groups.
The slight decrease in mean litter weight seen from Day 1 to Day 13 post partum in dams dosed at 750 mg/kg/day when compared to controls was mainly attributed to animal no. X1680075, with 2 pups only. No differences were observed in mean pup weights.
Anogenital distance (AGD):
No differences in the anogenital distance (value normalized to the cube root of body weight), performed on Day 1 post partum, were seen between control and treated groups both for male and female pups.
Nipple retention in male pups:
No nipples were observed in male pups.
No differences were observed in the weight of thyroid in treated pups, when compared to controls.
Autolysed abdominal organs were generally observed in pups found dead at check carried out after birth and in pups which died during the lactation period. Autolysis process, normally occurs when pups are found dead some time after death, therefore it is not considered to be treatment-related. No significant findings were seen in pups killed on Days 4 and 14 post partum.
Litter at birth, on Day 1, Day 4 and on Day 13 post partum of females and sex ratio of pups: No differences which could be considered adverse were observed in total litter size, live litter size, mean pup loss, sex ratio and mean pup weights among the treated dams and the controls at birth and on Days 1, 4 and 13 post partum. The increase in mean post-natal loss observed in Group 3 females, compared to the control, was attributed to animal no. X1680037, which showed total litter loss on Day 2 post partum. The slight decrease in mean litter weight seen from Day 1 to Day 13 post partum in dams dosed at 750 mg/kg/day when compared to controls was mainly attributed to animal no. X1680075, with 2 pups only. No differences were observed in mean pup weights.
Necropsy: Autolysed abdominal organs were generally observed in pups found dead at check carried out after birth and in pups which died during the lactation period. Autolysis process, normally occurs when pups are found dead some time after death, therefore it is not considered to be treatment-related. No significant findings were seen in pups killed on Days 4 and 14 post partum.
Developmental neurotoxicity (F1)
Developmental immunotoxicity (F1)
Developmental immunotoxicity:
Litter data and sex ratios were unaffected by treatment. Similar clinical signs were recorded in pups of the control and treated groups but these signs were non treatment related. No differences of toxicological relevance were seen between the control and treated pups in anogenital distance. Necropsy findings in decedent pups and in pups sacrificed on Days 4 and 14 post partum did not reveal any treatment-related effect, as well as in thyroid weight of pups sacrificed on Days 4 and 14 post partum.
other: Anogenital distance, Nipple count, sex ratios
Target system / organ toxicity (F1)
Under the study conditions, the NOAEL for general toxicity was considered to be 750 mg/kg/day for males and females. No effects of the test substance on male and female reproductive performance, such as gonadal function, mating behaviour, conception, parturition and lactation of the offspring until Day 14 post-partum were observed at any of the dose levels investigated. Therefore, the NOAEL for fertility and reproduction parameters of parental males and females was considered to be 750 mg/kg/day, as well as for growth and development of F1 pups until Day 14 post-partum.
A combined repeated dose toxicity study with the reproduction / developmental toxicity screening was conducted in rats according to OECD Guideline 422, in compliance with GLP. Four groups of ten Sprague Dawley rats (males and females) were exposed by oral gavage to increasing concentrations of the test substance (0, 100, 300 and 750 mg/kg/day). All doses were administered at a constant volume of 10 mL/kg body weight. 0.5% aqueous solution of carboxymethylcellulose was used as vehicle. According to the study design, males were treated for 14 days prior to pairing and during pairing with females until the day before necropsy, for a total of 33/34 days. Females were treated for 14 days prior to pairing, during pairing and throughout the gestation and lactation periods until Day 13 post-partum, for a total of 38 to 65 days. The following investigations were performed: body weight, clinical signs (including neurotoxicity assessment, motor activity and sensory reactivity to stimuli), food consumption, clinical pathology investigations (haematology and clinical chemistry in five randomly selected animals/sex/group), macroscopic observations, organ weights. In addition, oestrous cycle evaluation of parental females (2 weeks before dosing, during pre-mating and mating phases, prior to necropsy), mating performance, thyroid hormone measurements and litter data were performed. For F1 pups, clinical signs, anogenital distance, external and/or internal examinations were recorded along with thyroid hormone levels in one randomly selected pup/sex/group at Day 14 post-partum. Routine histopathological examination was performed in control and high dose groups (five randomly selected animals/sex/group), which included identification of the stages of the spermatogenic cycle in five males. No mortality occurred throughout the study. Salivation was the only treatment-related clinical sign recorded in males and females treated at 300 and 750 mg/kg/day, during the study. However, this clinical sign was not considered to be adverse. Piloerection, pallor, swollen neck and dyspnoea were also occasionally noted in single female and male rat dosed at 300 and 750 mg/kg/day respectively. Due to the transient occurence and the low incidence, these signs were not considered treatment-related. Neurotoxicity assessment (removal from the home cage and observations in an open arena), motor activity, grip strength and sensory reactivity to stimuli did not reveal changes attributable to the test substance. Body weight and body weight gain of treated animals did not show differences throughout the study when compared to the control group. The food consumption was comparable in all groups. No adverse findings were recorded in clinical pathology investigations (haematology including coagulation parameters and clinical chemistry). Hormone analysis did not show any relation to treatment. Urinalysis in male animals did not reveal changes attributable to the test substance. Oestrous cycle, pre-coital intervals, copulatory index and fertility index did not show any differences that were considered to be related to treatment. No differences were observed in term of implantation, pre-birth loss data or gestation length of females between treated and control groups. All pregnant dams gave birth between Days 22 and 23 post coitum. Litter data and sex ratios were unaffected by treatment. No test substance-related effects were seen in anogenital distance in pups of the treated groups, compared to controls. No nipples were found in male pups. No differences were noted in thyroid weight between pups of the control and treated groups. No treatment-related findings were noted in pups which died or were sacrificed on Days 4 (culled pups) and 14 post partum. Under the study conditions, the NOAEL for general toxicity was considered to be 1000 mg/kg/day for males and females. No effects of the test substance on male and female reproductive performance, such as gonadal function, mating behaviour, conception, parturition and lactation of the offspring until Day 14 post-partum were observed at any of the dose levels investigated. Therefore, the NOAEL for fertility and reproduction parameters of parental males and females was considered to be 750 mg/kg/day, as well as for growth and development of F1 pups until Day 14 post-partum (Longobardi, 2022).


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Meditate With Dan : Articles : January 2018
The Holidays are here! Have you noticed that it feels different? That there is something almost electric in the air this time of year? People are friendlier, kinder, more giving – as though there is magic dust being spread around! To me, though, it's LOVE and COMPASSION …
"Love" is commonly misused in our language; it is loosely used to express many things: love of a child, love of a pet, love for the planet – even love of French fries!
It is a rather indefinable form of consciousness. For example, when people are in love they can lose their appetite, become more aware of the beauty of life, and experience wonderful imaginings. Love can cause a pleasant state of consciousness, produce a renewed sense of peace and joy, and has even been known to bring about longer life. However, it is not really an emotion.
Love is a celebration — a joy! Can this joy be contagious? Most definitely, YES! Laughter, a sure symptom of joy, is addictive, catchy, and infectious. A person may board a train in serious thought, but if a nearby passenger begins to laugh, the urge to laugh spreads; eventually, there is often laughter throughout the train.
The same principle applies to yawning; we often see the urge to yawn spreading from one person to another.
Love is Compassion; it creates light. The more compassionate we are, the more Love is produced and spread around the world. My hope this season is that we all become more compassionate, extending a kinder, more understanding attitude toward all of humanity. How much lovelier our world will be, when we let go of our fears and judgments!
Please – be a catalyst of Love, Compassion, Joy and Laughter. There is NO GREATER GIFT we can give one another! If we do this one thing, we can move into the New Year with a greater sense of connectedness to everything and everybody.
Enjoy this short video "THE BUDDHA ON THE TRAIN."
Wishing all of you and your families Happy Holidays – Dan
THOUGHTS FOR THE SEASON
"I find the best way to love someone is not to change them, but instead, help them reveal the greatest version of themselves." Dr Steve Maraboli
"My mission in life is not merely to survive, but to thrive, and to do so with some passion, some compassion, some humor, and some style." Maya Angelou
"Kindness in words create confidence;
Kindness in thinking creates profoundness, kindness in giving creates love. Lao-Tzu
"Compassion is a verb" Thich Nhat Hanh
LIGHT THOUGHT:
"The Brain is the most outstanding organ. It works for 24 hours, 365 days, right from your birth until you fall in love.�
"It's funny how when someone says they love you, you can't really feel it, but when they say they don't love you anymore, you can feel every ounce of what was drained out of your entire being."
"By the way, I'm wearing the smile you gave me."
Have a Great Holiday & New Year
Danie":http://https://youtu.be/Wkj6iWR8fkk":http://https://youtu.be/Wkj6iWR8fkk

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Faced with an improving Russian threat, the United States should deploy a serious space sensor layer to provide persistent birth-to-death tracking of missiles, including against the kind that rip through the air at low altitudes 20 times the speed of sound (hypersonics).
Although nerve-rackingly escalatory in the invective directed at the United States, Putin didn't just start ordering his military to come up with these sophisticated missiles because the Trump administration focused on great power competition in its National Security Strategy, National Defense Strategy andNuclear Posture Review. Rather, those reports are a response to the behaviors of Russia and China, who are both contesting the United States in various regions of the world. Part of that contest involves building missiles meant to hold at risk U.S. assets that, if targeted, would have strategic effects. The forthcoming Missile Defense Review (MDR) is the next report in the series. (Note the word "ballistic" has been dropped from the report's name.) I have likened these reports to Russian nesting dolls, each one complementing the other and explaining in greater detail what the United States will do to successfully engage in great power competition.


Collection: Scientific Identity: Portraits from the Dibner Library of the History of Science and Technology – As a supplement to the Dibner Library for the History of Science and Technology's collection of written works by scientists, engineers, natural philosophers, and inventors, the library also has a collection of thousands of portraits of these individuals. The portraits come in a variety of formats: drawings, woodcuts, engravings, paintings, and photographs, all collected by donor Bern Dibner. Presented here are a few photos from the collection, from the late 19th and early 20th century.


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Top 10 5G Smartphone Under 3000 To 5000-2023 In The World
Here are some popular 5G smartphones under $3000 to $5000:
1 Xiaomi Mi 10T Pro:
Xiaomi Mi 10T Pro Full Review-smartphone under 3000
The Xiaomi Mi 10T Pro is a flagship-level smartphone that offers high-end specs and features at a more affordable price point. It was released in September 2020 and is available globally.
Design: Xiaomi Mi 10T Pro
The Xiaomi Mi 10T Pro has a sleek, modern design with a 6.67-inch IPS LCD display that boasts a resolution of 1080 x 2400 pixels. The device is equipped with Corning Gorilla Glass 5 protection. It has a slim profile with a 9.33mm thickness and a weight of 216g. The back of the device is made of glass, while the frame is made of aluminum. The device comes in Cosmic Black, Lunar Silver, and Aurora Blue color options.
Camera: Xiaomi Mi 10T Pro
The Xiaomi Mi 10T Pro boasts a triple-camera setup on the back, which includes a 108 MP main sensor, a 13 MP ultrawide sensor, and a 5 MP macro sensor. The device also has a 20 MP front-facing camera for selfies and video calls. The camera system supports features such as 8K video recording, optical image stabilization, and dual-LED flash.
Performance: Xiaomi Mi 10T Pro
The Xiaomi Mi 10T Pro is powered by the Qualcomm Snapdragon 865 chipset, which is one of the most powerful mobile processors on the market. The device has 8 GB of RAM and is available in two storage options: 128 GB and 256 GB. The device runs on the MIUI 12 based on android 10, and it's expected to receive updates to the latest android version.
Battery: Xiaomi Mi 10T Pro
The Xiaomi Mi 10T Pro is equipped with a large 5,000mAh battery that supports fast charging and wireless charging. The device also has a USB-C port and supports 33W fast charging.
Other Features: Xiaomi Mi 10T Pro
The device has a side-mounted fingerprint scanner, and it also has an IR Blaster. The device also supports 5G connectivity and has a stereo speaker setup with Hi-Res Audio certification.
Xiaomi mi 10t pro price in India
The Xiaomi Mi 10T Pro is not officially launched in India yet, however, the expected price for Xiaomi Mi 10T Pro in India is around INR 40,000 to INR 45,000 (approximately $550 – $620) for the base variant with 8GB of RAM and 128GB of storage. The pricing may vary depending on the availability and the currency exchange rate.
Please note that these prices are subject to change and may not be accurate as the official prices are yet to be announced.
It's worth to note that Xiaomi is a well-known brand in India and it's highly possible that they will launch the Mi 10T pro in the Indian market in the near future.
conclusion, Xiaomi Mi 10T Pro
the Xiaomi Mi 10T Pro is a great device for anyone looking for a high-end smartphone that offers great value for money. The device offers excellent specs, a powerful camera system, and long-lasting battery life, making it one of the best options in the market.
Realme GT
Realme GT Full Review-smartphone under 3000
The Realme GT is a flagship-level smartphone that was launched in March 2021. It is known for its high-end specs, premium design, and flagship-level camera system.
Design: Realme GT
The Realme GT has a sleek, modern design with a 6.43-inch AMOLED display that boasts a resolution of 1080 x 2400 pixels. The device is equipped with Corning Gorilla Glass 5 protection. It has a slim profile with a 8.4mm thickness and a weight of 186g. The back of the device is made of glass, while the frame is made of aluminum. The device comes in Racing Yellow, Racing Blue, and Cyber Silver color options.
Camera: Realme GT
The Realme GT boasts a triple-camera setup on the back, which includes a 64 MP main sensor, an 8 MP ultrawide sensor, and a 2 MP macro sensor. The device also has a 16 MP front-facing camera for selfies and video calls. The camera system supports features such as 4K video recording, optical image stabilization, and dual-LED flash.
Performance: Realme GT
The Realme GT is powered by the Qualcomm Snapdragon 888 chipset, which is one of the most powerful mobile processors on the market. The device has 12 GB of RAM and is available in two storage options: 128 GB and 256 GB. The device runs on the Realme UI 2.0 based on android 11, and it's expected to receive updates to the latest android version.
Battery: Realme GT
The Realme GT is equipped with a large 4,500mAh battery that supports fast charging and wireless charging. The device also has a USB-C port and supports 65W fast charging.
Other Features: Realme GT
The device has an in-display fingerprint scanner and it also has an IR Blaster. The device also supports 5G connectivity and has a stereo speaker setup with Hi-Res Audio certification.
Realme GT price in india 12gb ram 256gb
The Realme GT is not officially launched in India yet, however, the expected price for Realme GT in India with 12GB of RAM and 256GB of storage is around INR 35,000 to INR 40,000 (approximately $480 – $550). The pricing may vary depending on the availability and the currency exchange rate. Please note that these prices are subject to change and may not be accurate as the official prices are yet to be announced.
It's worth noting that Realme is a well-known brand in India and it's highly possible that they will launch the Realme GT in the Indian market in the near future. It's always recommended to wait for the official launch and to check the official prices before making a purchase.
conclusion, Realme GT
the Realme GT is a great device for anyone looking for a high-end smartphone that offers great value for money. The device offers excellent specs, a powerful camera system, and long-lasting battery life, making it one of the best options in the market. The device also has a premium design and a responsive in-display fingerprint scanner.
OnePlus Nord N20 5G |Android Smart Phone- Full Review & Price
The OnePlus Nord N20 5G is a mid-range smartphone that was launched in December 2020. It offers a solid set of features and performance at a more affordable price point compared to the company's flagship models.
Design: OnePlus Nord N20 5G
The OnePlus Nord N20 5G has a sleek, modern design with a 6.49-inch IPS LCD display that boasts a resolution of 1080 x 2400 pixels. The device is equipped with Corning Gorilla Glass 5 protection. It has a slim profile with a 9.4mm thickness and a weight of 188g. The back of the device is made of plastic, while the frame is made of aluminum. The device comes in Midnight Frost color option.
Camera: OnePlus Nord N20 5G
The OnePlus Nord N20 5G boasts a triple-camera setup on the back, which includes a 64 MP main sensor, an 8 MP ultrawide sensor, and a 2 MP macro sensor. The device also has a 16 MP front-facing camera for selfies and video calls. The camera system supports features such as 4K video recording, optical image stabilization, and dual-LED flash.
Performance: OnePlus Nord N20 5G
The OnePlus Nord N20 5G is powered by the Qualcomm Snapdragon 690 5G chipset, which is a powerful mid-range mobile processor. The device has 6GB of RAM and is available in two storage options: 128 GB and 256 GB. The device runs on OxygenOS 11 based on android 11, and it's expected to receive updates to the latest android version.
Battery: OnePlus Nord N20 5G
The OnePlus Nord N20 5G is equipped with a large 4,300mAh battery that supports fast charging and wireless charging. The device also has a USB-C port and supports 30W fast charging.
Other Features: The device has a rear-mounted fingerprint scanner, and it also has an IR Blaster. The device also supports 5G connectivity and has a stereo speaker setup with Dolby Atmos certification.
OnePlus Nord N20 5G Price
The price of the OnePlus Nord N20 5G with 6GB of RAM and 128GB of storage is around $300.
conclusion, OnePlus Nord N20 5G
the OnePlus Nord N20 5G is a great device for anyone looking for a mid-range smartphone that offers great value for money. The device offers a solid set of specs, a powerful camera system, and a long-lasting battery life, making it one of the best options in the market at its price point. The device also has a sleek design and a responsive rear-mounted fingerprint scanner.
POCO X3 Pro Review 2023 – & Price
The POCO X3 Pro is a budget-friendly smartphone that packs a punch in terms of performance and features. The device is powered by a Qualcomm Snapdragon 860 processor, which provides smooth and responsive performance for everyday tasks and gaming.
The POCO X3 Pro has a 6.67-inch IPS LCD display with a resolution of 1080 x 2400 pixels, providing sharp and vibrant visuals. The device also has a 120Hz refresh rate and a 240Hz touch sampling rate, making it great for gaming and watching videos.
The device comes with a quad-camera setup on the back, which includes a 48-megapixel main camera, an 8-megapixel ultrawide camera, a 2-megapixel macro camera, and a 2-megapixel depth sensor. The camera system is capable of capturing great photos, with good color reproduction and sharp details.
The POCO X3 Pro has a large 5,160mAh battery that can last for a full day with moderate usage. It also supports 33W fast charging, which can charge the device from 0 to 100% in just over an hour.
One of the best features of the POCO X3 Pro is its software. The device runs on Android 11 with POCO's own custom MIUI 12.1 interface, which provides a clean and intuitive experience. The device also has a number of software features, such as App Locks and Second Space, that make it easy to manage and customize the device.
Overall, the POCO X3 Pro is an excellent budget-friendly smartphone that offers great performance, a good camera system, and a long-lasting battery. Its software is also a standout feature, making it a great option for anyone looking for a budget-friendly device with a premium feel.
Motorola Moto G 5G Plus review: Finally, an affordable 5G smartphone under 3000
The Motorola Moto G 5G Plus is a budget-friendly smartphone that offers 5G connectivity at an affordable price. The device is powered by a Qualcomm Snapdragon 765 processor and has 4GB or 6GB of RAM and 64GB or 128GB of internal storage.
The device has a large 6.7-inch IPS LCD display with a resolution of 1080 x 2400 pixels, providing sharp and vibrant visuals. The device also has a 90Hz refresh rate and a 180Hz touch sampling rate, making it great for gaming and watching videos.
The Moto G 5G Plus has a quad-camera setup on the back, which includes a 48-megapixel main camera, an 8-megapixel ultrawide camera, a 2-megapixel macro camera, and a 2-megapixel depth sensor. The camera system is capable of capturing great photos, with good color reproduction and sharp details. The device also has a 16-megapixel front-facing camera for selfies and video calls.
The device has a large 5,000mAh battery that can last for a full day with moderate usage. It also supports 20W fast charging, which can charge the device from 0 to 100% in just over an hour.
The Moto G 5G Plus runs on Android 10 with Motorola's custom interface, which provides a clean and intuitive experience. The device also has a number of software features, such as Moto Actions and Moto Display, that make it easy to manage and customize the device.
In terms of price, the Moto G 5G Plus is generally available for $349.99 (4GB/64GB) and $399.99 (6GB/128GB) which is considered as a budget-friendly 5G smartphone. Overall, the Moto G 5G Plus is a great option for anyone looking for a budget-friendly 5G device with good performance, a good camera system, and a long-lasting battery.
Samsung Galaxy A52 5G Review And Price
The Samsung Galaxy A52 5G is a mid-range smartphone that offers 5G connectivity at a reasonable price. The device is powered by a Qualcomm Snapdragon 750G processor and has 6GB or 8GB of RAM and 128GB or 256GB of internal storage.
The device has a 6.5-inch Super AMOLED display with a resolution of 1080 x 2400 pixels, providing sharp and vibrant visuals. The device also has a 90Hz refresh rate, which makes it great for gaming and watching videos.
The Galaxy A52 5G has a quad-camera setup on the back, which includes a 64-megapixel main camera, a 12-megapixel ultrawide camera, a 5-megapixel macro camera, and a 5-megapixel depth sensor. The camera system is capable of capturing great photos, with good color reproduction and sharp details. The device also has a 32-megapixel front-facing camera for selfies and video calls.
The Galaxy A52 5G runs on Android 11 with Samsung's custom One UI interface, which provides a clean and intuitive experience. The device also has a number of software features, such as Samsung Pay and Samsung Health, that make it easy to manage and customize the device.
In terms of price, the Galaxy A52 5G is generally available for $499.99 (6GB/128GB) and $599.99 (8GB/256GB) which is considered as a mid-range smartphone with 5G capabilities. Overall, the Samsung Galaxy A52 5G is a great option for anyone looking for a mid-range 5G device with good performance, a good camera system, and a long-lasting battery.
Oppo Find X3 Lite: This smartphone has a 6.43-inch display, a octa-core processor, and a 64MP camera. It's priced at around $450.
Vivo Y51: This smartphone has a 6.58-inch display, a octa-core processor, and a 48MP camera. It's priced at around $270.
Asus ROG Phone 5: This smartphone has a 6.78-inch display, a octa-core processor, and a 64MP camera. It's priced at around $500.
LG Velvet 5G: This smartphone has a 6.8-inch display, a octa-core processor, and a 48MP camera. It's priced at around $450.
TCL 20 5G: This smartphone has a 6.67-inch display, a octa-core processor, and a 64MP camera. It's priced at around $320.
Nubia RedMagic 5S: This smartphone has a 6.65-inch display, a octa-core processor, and a 64MP camera. It's priced at around $450.
ZTE Axon 30 Ultra: This smartphone has a 6.67-inch display, a octa-core processor, and a 64MP camera. It's priced at around $450.
iQOO Z3: This smartphone has a 6.58-inch display, a octa-core processor, and a 64MP camera. It's priced at around $320.
Ulefone Armor 10 5G: This smartphone has a 6.3-inch display, a octa-core processor, and a 64MP camera. It's priced at around $450.
Oppo A53 5G: This smartphone has a 6.5-inch display, a octa-core processor, and a 13MP camera. It's priced at around $280.
Lenovo Legion Phone Duel: This smartphone has a 6.59-inch display, a octa-core processor, and a 64MP camera. It's priced at around $500.
OnePlus Nord N100: This smartphone has a 6.52-inch display, a octa-core processor, and a 13MP camera. It's priced
Malta Working Visa From Nepal -How To Apply Malta Work Visa From Nepal
Affiliate Marketing In Nepal? Earn Money Fast In Nepal 2023


When is the Sports Pig coming back to Vegas. We miss you out here, talk radio is not the same without you.
Hey Pig, Rich has a good question? What's the response?
ps. I added your blog to my blogroll….hope that's ok?
Say Pig, are you going to be on the radio anytime soon?


text:
package metadslx.core;

public interface MetaAssignExpression extends metadslx.core.MetaAssignmentExpression
{

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Home Uncategorized Trump Hears '4 More Years' from Jewish Audience
Trump Hears '4 More Years' from Jewish Audience
President Donald Trump heard chants of "four more years" from members of the Republican Jewish Coalition after detailing his decision to move the U.S. Embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem and recognize Israeli sovereignty over the Golan Heights.
Trump said that "unlike other presidents, I keep my promises" and called the embassy move an example of a "historic action that had been decades in waiting."
As he mentioned the embassy decision, he called out two members of the audience at his speech in Las Vegas — major GOP donors Sheldon and Miriam Adelson.
Trump said he thinks "that is the most important thing I think that's ever happened in their life. They love Israel."
Trump thanked members of the Republican Jewish Coalition for backing him in 2016 and he says they have an important role to play in his re-election campaign in 2020.
Trump told members of the group that he's grateful for "your incredible support and your outstanding commitment to our country to our safety and to electing more Republicans."
The president said, "we need more Republicans. Let's go, so we can win everything.
"I know that the Republican Jewish Coalition will help lead our party to another historic victory."
Trump earlier met privately with a major GOP donor, casino magnate Sheldon Adelson. Adelson is chairman and CEO of the Las Vegas Sands Corp. He and his wife, Miriam, received a standing ovation when they entered the ballroom. Trump praised Adelson from the stage.
Adelson's company revealed earlier this year that Adelson is receiving treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
The Adelsons gave President Donald Trump's campaign $30 million in 2016. They followed that by contributing $100 million to the Republican Party for the 2018 midterm elections.
In November, Trump recognized Miriam Adelson with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest honor the nation reserves for a civilian. She's a doctor and philanthropist.
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EHFA is evolving
The European Health and Fitness Association (EHFA) is pleased to announce its new name: EuropeActive. This change is part of a larger rebranding effort, meant to expand its field of expertise by covering more of the fitness, physical activity and well-being sector and positioning EuropeActive as the independent European umbrella organisation for the sector.
"We aim to develop a strong brand based on a membership strategy to strengthen the position of the industry and to promote the importance of the role fitness can play in health-enhancing activity." said Executive Director, Nathalie Smeeman.
EHFA (the European Health and Fitness Association) was founded in 1996 as a not-for-profit organisation to represent the interests of the European health and fitness sector at the EU level. For more than 10 years, it has been there to voice the interests of the sector and to protect it from unwarranted legislation. With an office and staff in Brussels since 2007, EHFA has been recognised as the official representative body for the sector.
EHFA is also a standards setting body and promotes best practices in instruction and training in order to help battle the inactivity and obesity challenges spreading across Europe. EHFA has, among its membership, more than 10,000 facilities, 19 national trade associations, industry leading suppliers, education providers and individuals.
Undergoing a process of rebranding that will bring the organisation closer to its target, EHFA is expanding the boundaries of the "health and fitness" terms, to allow it to embrace a whole range of new possibilities available in the world of movement, healthy nutrition, general well-being and all of the other components of an active life.
EuropeActive will focus on developing a valued experience for its members, providing them with a comprehensive knowledge sharing platform and ensuring cooperation with partner institutions to achieve the objective of influencing people to pursue healthy and balanced lifestyles.
Keeping the background and system of standards and qualifications, EuropeActive will continue its mission to decrease the levels of over-weight, obesity, and inactivity that unavoidably result from the current social trends which reduce the levels of physical movement.
EuropeActive remains as the unique voice for the European fitness sector to all of the main EU Institutions and civil society organisations, in its mission to turn back the tide of inactivity and ensure that MORE PEOPLE become MORE ACTIVE, MORE OFTEN as a result of a functional synergy between all of the sector's actors.


Made by Hand One at a Time - One of a Kind - no two are exactly alike - Pietro creates your ring from your sentimental gold or ours - in 14KT white, yellow, green, rose or 18KT or platinum. One continuous heavy strand of gold wrapping around to infinity - you can choose to have it tightly wrapped or looser, to cover more of your wonderful finger or less - plain or with diamonds and gemstones set in gold bezels in an asymmetric pattern.
Bracelets available in X-Small, Small, Medium, Large and X-Large. Crafted one at a time in solid 14KT or 18KT white, yellow or rose gold. The Bracelet has a unique gold ball bearing making it extra comfortable to wear. Mix and match. Made to order in 6 weeks.


Unitedtec IoT will play an important role in the expansion of Oberon's wireless and zone enclosures and wireless mounting solutions throughout Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
Oberon, Inc., a leading manufacturer of enclosures and mounts for wireless access points, is pleased to announce that UnitedTec IoT has been hired as Oberon's Manufacturer's Representative in Western Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. Managing partner Neil Corradine, RCDD, previously Vice President of Latin American Sales for Panduit for 13 years, will lead the organization in providing regional support for network design professionals and end users seeking secure, convenient, and aesthetic mounting solutions for access point installations and upgrades.


It's a language your teen understands, helping you stay involved and set clear boundaries at the same time. For iOS users, long press (hold your finger down) on an enoji and choose 'copy image' when prompted. Then paste into the messages app. For Android users, long press (hold your finger down) on an enoji and choose 'share image' when prompted. Then share to the messages app.
Don't drink these, drink these!
Underage drinking is like blowing up your brain.
Underage drinking is like trashing your brain.
Underage drinking is like booting your brain.
Underage drinking is like flushing your brain.
No drinking until you're 21.
Not even one drop of alcohol is OK.
We're having family dinner tonight.
Invite your friends over for dinner.
Parents Empowered has provided the following files to assist parents in the fight to eliminate underage drinking. Please download the files below and share them with your family, friends and co-workers. Remember—together we can eliminate underage drinking.
This is the Deseret News/Salt Lake Tribune 12-page fact sheet for Red Ribbon Week. It covers the effects alcohol has on a developing teen brain and the parental skills to prevent it.
Creating a conversation with your kids is an effective way to prevent underage drinking. The following activity can be downloaded and used during family meals to start conversations with children. Simply click on the image to the left to begin downloading. It prints best on legal-sized paper.
This article provides the scientific research behind the Parents Empowered media campaign and uses research-proven facts to answer questions that are sometimes raised in the media about the real harms of underage drinking. The Parents Empowered Workgroup has acted responsibly and professionally in getting this message to the public.
This summary covers alcohol offenses referred to juvenile court between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2010, based on incident date. Offenses are counted individually and are not bundled into referrals. Data from previous years is also included.
Have your teens take the pledge to stay Alcohol-free. Make sure to set clear rules in your home, that both you and your teen agree upon. Setting clear expectations is key to prevent drinking underage.
Each Strengthening Families Program lesson has downloadable handouts that reinforce the skills taught in the lesson. You can print the handouts off the DVD disks when placed in a computer (or taken to a copy center). Here are the handouts and pledge cards for the introduction. Enjoy!
Each Strengthening Families Program lesson has downloadable handouts that reinforce the skills taught in the lesson. You can print the handouts off the DVD disks when placed in a computer (or taken to a copy center). Here are the handouts and pledge cards for Lesson 8. Enjoy!
Each Strengthening Families Program lesson has downloadable handouts that reinforce the skills taught in the lesson. You can print the handouts off the DVD disks when placed in a computer (or taken to a copy center). Here are the handouts and pledge cards for Lesson 9. Enjoy!
This outline offers great lessons to teach your kids how their brain develops or "wires" during their teen years, and how alcohol can damage that important process. It includes posters and activities. Because it is in a PDF format, it may take a minute or two to download depending on the speed of your internet connection.
Here are a few tips to protect your kids from the harms of alcohol, as well as sobering facts about underage drinking and the impact it can have on a developing brain.
When it comes to alcohol use, survey data shows that Utah youth drink alcohol at much lower rates than the national average.
The following games have been created for parents by prevention specialists to help eliminate underage alcohol consumption. If you'd like to play the games on your iPad, the games are available for download through the iTunes store: Bonding, Boundaries, Monitoring, and Harms. Please pass these games along to friends, family and other parents who could benefit from them.


Kelly Ripa may have a new co-host after all!
According to Entertainment Tonight, Rob Lowe is in talks to join her on Live! — and we think he's the perfect fit for the popular daytime talk show!
When Regis Philbin retired from the show in 2012, Rob, 52, served as a guest-host for two days before Michael Strahan — who recently exited the program — officially joined the series.
Rob, Kelly and Regis Philbin in 2009.
"[When] I hosted [Live!] with Kelly [I] had the time of my life," Rob recently told ET. "I love her. I love being able to talk to an audience every morning like that and just being fun, counter-punching, being silly, and talking about cool stuff."
RELATED: ABC Looking for "Ethnically Diverse" Co-Host to Replace Michael Strahan on Live!
The actor even hinted he's at a good time in his life to take on the coveted role. "My kids are out of the house, they weren't then. Who knows. But listen, man, I don't want to go up against Anderson Cooper," he joked. "I don't know if I'm going to go back as an actual guest host yet. You never know! You never know."
Click through the gallery below to see 12 stars who we think should replace Michael on Live!
The actor previously spoke out about his hopes of joining Kelly on Live!.
"I would do anything Kelly asked me, legal or illegal," the Stand by Me star told Closer Weekly in an exclusive interview. "I would do illegal things for Kelly that's how much I love her."
"I will tell you I have no idea what they're doing over there on that show, but I will say I will help out Kelly anyway I can. She is the best," Jerry continued.
Kelly recently opened up about Anderson joining her on the popular series.
"He's my life. He really is," she said. "He's the one that got away and keeps getting away and gets away all the time."
Anderson also confessed it would be a dream of his to work with Kelly.
"Listen I love Kelly, and Kelly is the heart and soul of that show. It's gonna go on and continue to be great, and I wish Michael the best in his new endeavor. It would be a dream to work with Kelly, but nobody's offering anything," he said.
The actor has often served as Kelly's co-host, and the pair have great chemistry while on the air!
Previous reports claimed if Andy doesn't get the seat next to Kelly, she's leaving the show!
"[Kelly] hopes Anderson Cooper or Andy Cohen gets the job," an insider revealed. "Unless one of them can come on, she doesn't really want to do it."
Mario has been hosting Extra for 10 years, so there's no doubt he'd be an awesome co-host on the daily talk show with Kelly!
Not only is Derek handsome, but he has a great personality too! The pro dancer would also be able to get many of his Dancing With the Stars friends to visit the show!
Kelly's husband would literally be the perfect co-host! He very recently joined his wife on the show — and the two looked absolutely adorable side-by-side!
Neil previously admitted he doesn't have the time to join Kelly full time, but guest-starring here and there is definitely fun!
"The fun thing about Kelly is that you get to show up at 8:30 am, be on TV at 9, shoot the breeze, meet some fun people and then you're out by 10:07," the dad-of-two explained. "So it's a nice gig, but I wouldn't want to do it all year long."
Josh previously co-hosted with Kelly in September 2016 — and the two seemed more than happy to be on-screen together!
Because who wouldn't love to relive the old days? The two previously co-hosted Live! together from 2001 until 2011.
Recent reports claimed Regis was considering going back to the show after all these years.
"[Regis] has already been approached. It's been a bunch of phone tag back and forth. It's in the very early stages," a source told Page Six.
"[Everyone seems] game for trying to get him back. I think he'd have to look at the deal, but he was into it. He was totally positive," the insider continued.
The actor previously gushed about what it would be like to work with Kelly.
"[When] I hosted Live with Kelly_, [I] had the time of my life," Rob recently revealed. "I love her. I love being able to talk to an audience every morning like that and just being fun, counter-punching, being silly, and talking about cool stuff."
"My kids are out of the house, they weren't then. Who knows. But listen, man, I don't want to go up against Anderson Cooper," he joked. "I don't know if I'm going to go back as an actual guest host yet. You never know! You never know."


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In 2019 after all federal, state, and local money, along with existing Santa Clara University scholarships, had been applied, 63.6% of students still had an average of $16,439 in unmet need. Closing this gap is a pivotal challenge for Santa Clara.
Making a premium Santa Clara University education affordable is an important aspect of the Jesuit faith tradition, and is paramount to expanding the University's reach and boosting our national reputation. Together, with the help of our donors supporting scholarship funds, we can help high-achieving students from all backgrounds return and continue to earn their degree regardless of their or their family's ability to pay.
General Financial Aid Scholarships
To recruit and admit a community of exceptional students, Santa Clara must compete with other top universities that can often provide greater financial aid— even meeting full financial aid. As a result, many of the most talented students choose other universities offering more.
Supporting our general financial aid scholarships helps to ensure an affordable SCU education to all students, regardless of financial circumstances.
Alumni Family Endowed Scholarship Fund
Funded through the generosity of alumni, the purpose of the Alumni Family Scholarship is to help families of undergraduate alumni meet the cost of tuition at Santa Clara and continue the tradition of an SCU education. Awarded annually to children or grandchildren of undergraduate alumni, recipients are selected based on financial need, academic achievement, and extracurricular activities.
LEAD Scholarship Fund
Through a donation to the LEAD Scholarship Fund, you can help first-generation college students experience all that Santa Clara University has to offer. This scholarship fund supports LEAD Scholars' educational costs at SCU, including tuition, fees and other educational expenses.
Black Excellence Scholarship Fund
Santa Clara University established the Black Excellence Scholarship Fund to help recruit, retain, and educate Black students. One of a number of initiatives meant to establish greater solidarity with students, staff and faculty of color, this fund will help to foster the diverse and beloved community of generous encounter to which we all aspire at Santa Clara. The scholarship honors Black students from Melvin Lewis '53 – the first Black student to graduate from Santa Clara University – to the generations of students of color who have followed and made significant contributions to our community and the world.
Inclusive Engineering Scholarship Funds
In recent years the School of Engineering has launched new initiatives to expand and strengthen inclusive engineering efforts, including supporting access and affordability through targeted scholarship funds: the School of Engineering Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Scholarship Fund; the Black Engineering Excellence Scholarship Fund; the Latinx Engineering Excellence Scholarship Fund; and the Women in Engineering Excellence Scholarship Fund.
Financial Aid for Jesuit School of Theology Students
By increasing the scholarship funds and living stipends available to students in Santa Clara University's Jesuit School of Theology doctoral and master's degree programs, we will not only attract, matriculate and retain the very best religious and lay students in the world, but we can relieve some of their financial strain so they can focus wholly on their scholarly and ministerial formation. With donor support, the Jesuit School of Theology will continue, through the students we educate, to help meet the needs of the contemporary Church and the many diverse communities it serves.
Investing in Tomorrow's Lawyers Today
Together, with the generous support of alumni, parents and friends, we can make the elite professional degree of a Santa Clara Law education more affordable, our student-body more diverse, and the law school more attractive regionally and nationally to prospective students. Your support will make a significant impact.
Fr. Coz Scholarship Fund
In 2007, several Santa Clara alumni established an endowed scholarship to honor Fr. Richard Coz, a Jesuit priest and Santa Clara professor from 1963 to 1995. The Fr. Coz Scholarship is awarded annually to undergraduate juniors and seniors who have a legacy connection, participate in club sports, or are involved with study abroad and immersion trips. Volunteer and spirit leaders in athletic competition are also considered.
Endow Your Own Scholarship
Endowed scholarships can be established in honor or memory of a special family member, friend, or professor, and provide a steady and reliable stream of support for the University. These funds, created through donations or legacy gifts, are restricted so that the principal is invested and the annual distributions are used to fund scholarships for deserving students. When you give to or establish an endowed scholarship, you are making a personal impact on the lives of our students now and for generations to come.
Contact Jen Stirling, Executive Director of Campaigns at jstirling@scu.edu or 408-551-6071 for more information.
Don't see the scholarship you're looking for? Use the "Specific Designation" field on our giving page to provide the name of the scholarship to which you wish to give.
Giving Sections Giving
Santa Clara Fund
Schools and Centers


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Aiko Herzig Yoshinaga, champion of interned Japanese Americans, dies at 93
Originally published July 25, 2018 at 5:12 pm Updated July 25, 2018 at 8:42 pm
In this May 12, 2011 photo, Aiko Herzig Yoshinaga poses in Gardena, Calif. Herzig Yoshinaga, who uncovered proof that thousands of Japanese Americans incarcerated in the United States during World War II were held not for reasons of national security but because of racism, has died at age 93. (Gina Ferazzi/Los Angeles Times via AP)
Her archival research led to reparations for Japanese Americans exiled to World War II internment camps.
Harrison Smith
Early in 1942, two months before Aiko Herzig Yoshinaga was scheduled to graduate from high school in Los Angeles, her principal assembled the school's 15 Japanese American seniors for a meeting.
Herzig Yoshinaga was an honors student, with plans to study music and art in college, but President Franklin D. Roosevelt had just signed Executive Order 9066. Nearly 120,000 Japanese Americans were being forced into internment camps.
"You all don't deserve to get your high school diplomas because your people bombed Pearl Harbor," she recalled her principal saying.
By graduation day, Herzig Yoshinaga – the American-born daughter of Japanese immigrants – was sleeping on a hay-filled sack at Manzanar War Relocation Center, a dust-blown prison "prison camp," as she later called it, in the shadow of the Sierra Nevada mountains.
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Herzig Yoshinaga would spend decades trying to forget the war years, a period in which she gave birth to a daughter at Manzanar, spent hours washing sand and dust from her newborn's diapers and saw her father only on his deathbed, while he was ailing at a separate camp in Arkansas.
By her 50s, she had been pulled back into the past. The anti-Vietnam War movement had given her a new political sensibility, and when she moved to the Washington area in 1978 she began visiting the National Archives, searching for information on internment.
She was soon spending six days a week in the archives, scouring thousands of poorly indexed documents and enlisting her husband to help make copies. They copied so many documents they filled a bathtub in their home, enough documents that their master bedroom was lined with file cabinets and converted into an office.
And then, in the early 1980s, Herzig Yoshinaga picked up a red bound volume sitting on the corner of an archivist's desk. As she later told the Los Angeles Times, the book contained the original draft of a 1943 government report on internment, apparently the last such copy in existence. "I began thumbing through the report, and then, when I came upon an important section, I nearly hit the ceiling."
Herzig Yoshinaga, who was 93 when she died July 18 at a hospital in Torrance, California, had uncovered evidence suggesting America's World War II internment policy had racist motives and was not a result of "military necessity," as Pentagon officials claimed.
Her findings helped persuade Congress to pass the 1988 Civil Liberties Act, which granted $20,000 in reparations to each survivor of the camps and a formal apology from President Ronald Reagan.
They also proved instrumental in a 1983 legal effort to overturn the criminal conviction of Fred Korematsu – a welder who had defied orders to report to an internment center, and who unsuccessfully challenged Roosevelt's executive order before the Supreme Court.
Similar convictions for two other Japanese Americans, Gordon Hirabayashi and Minoru Yasui, were subsequently cleared with the help of Herzig Yoshinaga's "pivotal" research, said Dale Minami, a San Francisco-based lawyer who led the legal team in all three cases.
"What she did was expose misconduct in the government in this dark light – the alteration of an originally racist justification to a more benign one, to make it more palatable to the Supreme Court," Minami said in a phone interview.
A former secretary and stenographer, Herzig Yoshinaga said her efforts were inspired by Michi Nishiura Weglyn, author of "Years of Infamy: The Untold Story of America's Concentration Camps" (1976), who urged her to visit the National Archives if she wanted to learn more about wartime internment.
More on internment
Shigeho Kitamoto and her children are forced to leave their Bainbridge Island home in 1942. (AP)
· The legacy of Linc's Tackle: A tale of internment and Seattle's rich Japanese heritage
· On 75th anniversary of internment, Trump travel ban resonates with Seattle's Japanese Americans
· His Japanese-American parents were held in camps; now historian sees 'same patterns' emerging
· How Bainbridge Island Japanese were registered, forced from their homes
· The past wrong of internment leaves lesson for our present | Jerry Large
· Internment camps of WW II should remain a sad memory | OpEd
By 1980, when a congressional commission was established to study the motivations and effects of Executive Order 9066, Herzig Yoshinaga had gathered about 8,000 documents. The Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians hired her as a researcher.
Three years later, in a 467-page report written by lawyer Angus Macbeth, the commission concluded that internment was prompted by "race prejudice, war hysteria and a failure of political leadership."
While officials in the Roosevelt administration insisted internment was essential to the war effort, the commission reported that "not a single documented act of espionage, sabotage or fifth column activity was committed by an American citizen of Japanese ancestry or by a resident Japanese alien on the West Coast."
The report singled out Mrs. Herzig Yoshinaga for praise, declaring that she "in large part found and organized and remembered the vast array of primary documents from which the report was written."
No document proved more significant than the one in the little red book. Written by Lt. Gen. John DeWitt, it said that internments were necessary not because there was "insufficient time" to distinguish loyal and disloyal Japanese Americans, but because "an exact separation of the 'sheep from the goats' was unfeasible." The nature of the Japanese "race," in other words, made internment essential.
Herzig Yoshinaga and her research partner, lawyer Peter Irons, also uncovered a certificate "verifying that all copies of that report were burned," Minami said. "So there was destruction of evidence as well. Inexplicably, one copy of the report remained." The published version, featuring altered language, was used as evidence to uphold the internment policy in court.
In 2011, the acting U.S. Solicitor General declared that the government had suppressed evidence when the Korematsu case was heard before the Supreme Court in 1944. Then, in June, Chief Justice John Roberts Jr. formally overruled Korematsu, declaring that "the forcible relocation of U.S. citizens to concentration camps, solely and explicitly on the basis of race, is objectively unlawful."
The decision was perhaps the final step in a process of national atonement spurred by Herzig Yoshinaga's research, the success of which shocked even her.
"I'm just a little old housewife. I'm not a professional archivist," she told the Timesin 1988. "But I guess I showed that one person can make a difference."
The fifth of six children, Aiko Louise Yoshinaga was born in Sacramento on Aug. 5, 1924, and grew up in Los Angeles. Her parents, immigrants from the Japanese island of Kyushu, managed a hotel and ran a produce stand.
When internment began, Herzig Yoshinaga's parents and siblings were sent to the stables at Santa Anita racetrack in Arcadia, California, and then to camps in Arkansas. To avoid being separated from her boyfriend, Jacob Miyazaki, Herzig Yoshinaga eloped. The couple was bused 250 miles to Manzanar, near Independence, Calif.
They divorced after the war, and Herzig Yoshinaga married an Army officer, Davis Abe. That marriage also ended in divorce, and Herzig Yoshinaga joined her mother and several siblings in New York City, where she took classes to receive her general equivalency diploma.
Amid protests over the Vietnam War, she joined a progressive political group, Asian Americans for Action. (She was later arrested while protesting apartheid outside the South African Embassy alongside President Jimmy Carter's youngest daughter, Amy.)
In 1978 she married Jack Herzig, a lawyer who had served as an Army paratrooper in World War II, and moved to Falls Church, Virginia. They worked as researchers for the National Council for Japanese American Redress, an early reparations effort led by William Hohri, before Mrs. Herzig Yoshinaga joined the congressional commission.
She had recently been hospitalized after a fall at her home in Gardena, California, said her son-in-law Warren Furutani, a former California state lawmaker who confirmed her death. Her husband died in 2005.
Survivors include a daughter from her first marriage, Gerrie Lani Miyazaki of Los Angeles; two children from her second marriage, Lisa Furutani of Gardena and David Abe of Huntington Beach, California; a brother; six grandchildren; and two great-grandchildren.
Herzig Yoshinaga, who came to display a piece of barbed-wire fencing from Manzanar in her home as a reminder of the war years, helped former inmates gain redress after reparations began being paid out in 1990. She later edited a collection of testimony from imprisoned Japanese Americans, "Speaking Out for Personal Justice" (2011), and was featured in a 2016 documentary, "Rebel With a Cause."
Among her other projects was a dictionary of internment terms, published in 2009, which called for words like "internment camp" to be replaced with "gulag" or "concentration camp," in an effort to accurately describe what happened during the war.
"For 40-plus years I've used the word 'evacuation,' because I was brainwashed to," she told The Washington Post in 1988. "I'm trying very hard to use words like 'banishment,' 'exile,' 'forced removal.' In the camps, they called us 'resident colonists.' "
"We must learn," she added, "to tell it as it happened."
The Seattle Times does not append comment threads to stories from wire services such as the Associated Press, The New York Times, The Washington Post or Bloomberg News. Rather, we focus on discussions related to local stories by our own staff. You can read more about our community policies here.


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by Paul Lilly — Monday, August 01, 2011, 01:25 PM EDT
NEC Upgrades E Series Commercial Grade Big Screen Displays
NEC today said it made some big changes to its large screen E Series displays aimed at commercial applications, such as cost-effective digital signage duties for conference rooms, retail stores, waiting rooms, and corporate lobbies. Upgraded second generation models include the 32-inch E322, 42-inch E422, 46-inch E462, and 55-inch E552.
These new models now include RS-232C support to allow control from external equipment, synchronization of multiple displays, and remote management. They also come with integrated USB media players, and sport an upgraded 3-year warranty. These are in addition to existing features of the E Series, including an analog/digital tuner, swivel stand, low-profile stereo speakers, and closed captioning support.
"The additions we have included in the second generation E Series make them more flexible and easier to integrate with a multitude of digital signage configurations," said Rachel Karnani, Product Manager for Large-Screen Displays at NEC Display Solutions. "The RS-232C grants elevated control management for customers that desire remote capabilities of multiple displays, a feature many find useful in these types of applications. By increasing the standard warranty, NEC is showcasing its reliability and support with one of the strongest customer service teams in the industry."
With the exception of the E322, which maxes out at 1360x768, the new E Series sport Full HD 1080p displays. Other features include up to a 5,000:1 contrast ratio; three HDMI inputs, Component, Composite, and VGA inputs; multiple picture modes; backlight adjust; and input labeling.
The E322 ($449), E422 ($699), E462 ($899), and E552 ($1,349) will ship later this month.
Tags: HDTV, display, NEC, e series


1. In a medium skillet, melt butter and saute' onions 3-4 minutes until they sweat.
2. Add garlic and flour and cook 2-3 minutes until the flour is absorbed into the butter.
3. Stir in milk and pepper and return to a simmer.
4. Add spinach a couple handfuls at a time, when they begin to wilt, continue adding spinach until all of the spinach has wilted into the pan.
5. Turn the heat off and stir in Parmesan cheese.
6. Bake in a 425º oven for 15-20 minutes until bubbly and golden brown.
Can this be made with frozen chopped spinach?
Yes, but you will need to put it in a towel and squeeze out all of the liquid in the frozen spinach. There's a lot in the package!