I should be very glad to join you and your associates -whose work I know and appreciate- in standing up for the rights of the Literature Committee and opposing the enemies of popular education. But in the sphere in which you are working I see no way to resist them.
나는 문학 위원회를 옹호하며 대중 교육의 적들에 반대하는 당신과 당신의 동료들과 함께 하게 되어서 매우 즐겁게 여기고 있으며, 당신들의 활동을 알면서 고맙게 생각하고 있습니다. 그러나 당신이 일하고 있는 분야에서 나는 그것들에 저항할 아무런 방도를 찾지 않습니다.
나의 유일한 위안은, 나 역시, 비록 다른 방법이지만, 계몽에 대한 동일한 적들에 맞서는 투쟁에 부단히 참여하고 있다는 것입니다.
Concerning the special question with which you are preoccupied, I think that in place of the Literature Committee which has been prohibited, a number of other Literature Associations to pursue the same objects should be formed without consulting the Government and without asking permission from any censor. Let Government, if it likes, prosecute these Literature Associations, punish the members, banish them, etc. If the Government does that, it will merely cause people to attach special importance to good books and to libraries, and it will strengthen the trend towards enlightenment.
당신이 열중하고 있는 특별한 문제와 관련하여, 나는 금지되어 버린 문학 위원회를 대신하여, 똑같은 목적들을 추구하는 수많은 다른 문학 협회들이 정부와 상의함이 없이, 어떤 검열 당국으로부터의 허락도 요청함이 없이 구성되어야만 한다고 생각합니다. 정부가, 만일 그들이 원한다면, 이들 문학 협회들을 기소하여서, 회원들을 처벌하고 그들을 추방하는 등을 행하라고 하십시오. 만일 정부가 그것을 행한다면, 그것은 단순히 사람들로 하여금 훌륭한 책들 및 도서관들에 특별한 중요성을 갖도록 만드는 것이며, 그것은 계몽을 향한 추세를 강화시킬 것입니다.
It seems to me that it is now specially important to do what is right quietly and persistently not only without asking permission from Government, but consciously avoiding its participation. The strength of the Government lies in the people's ignorance, and the Government knows this, and will therefore always oppose true enlightenment. It is time we realized at fact. And it is most undesirable to let the Government, while it is spreading darkness, pretend to be busy with the enlightenment of the people. It is doing this now by means of all sorts of pseudo-educational establishments which it controls: schools, high-schools, universities, academies, and all kinds of committees and congresses. But good is good, and enlightenment is enlightenment, only when it is quite good and quite enlightened, and not when it is toned down to meet the requirements of Delyfinofs or Dourano's circulars. And I am extremely sorry when I see valuable, disinterested, and self-sacrificing efforts spent unprofitably. It is strange to see good, wise people spending their strength in a struggle against struggle on the basis of Government, but carrying on that whatever laws the Government itself likes to make. This is how the matter appears to me: There are people (we ourselves are such) who realize that our Government is very bad, and who struggle against it. From before the days of Radistchef and the Decembrists there have been two ways of carrying on the. struggle. One way is that of Stenka Razin, Pougatchef the Decembrists, the Revolutionary party of the 'sixties, the Terrorists of March 1, and others. The other way is that which is preached and practised by you, the method of the 'Gradualists,' which consists in carrying on the struggle without violence and within the limits of the law, conquering constitutional rights bit by bit.
조용히 그리고 끈질기게 정부로부터의 허락을 얻지 않을 뿐만 아니라, 의식적으로 그들의 참여를 회피하면서 옳은 일을 하는 것이 내게는 이제 특별히 중요한 것처럼 보입니다. 정부의 힘은 국민들이 무지에 있고, 정부는 이것을 알고 있으며, 그러므로 언제나 참된 계몽을 반대할 것입니다. 우리가 사실을 알았어야 할 때입니다. 그리고, 정부가 암흑을 퍼뜨리는 한편, 사람들의 계몽에 바빠 보이는 것처럼 놓아 두는 것은 가장 바람직하지 않습니다. 정부는 현재 모든 종류의 유사 교육 기관들을 이용하여 이것을 행하고 있으며 학교들, 고등학교들, 대학교들, 학원들 및 모든 종류의 위원회들과 회의들을 통제하고 있습니다. 그러나 좋은 것이 좋은 것이며, 계몽이 계몽인 것은, 오로지 그것이 매우 좋을 때와 매우 계몽되었을 때이지, 그것이 델리피노프들 또는 두란노의 회람들에 짜맞추기 위해 색조를 낮춘 때가 아닙니다. 그리고 나는 가치있고, 공평무사하며, 자기 희생적인 노력들이 소득 없이 허비될 때에 지극히 유감스럽게 생각합니다. 훌륭하고 지혜로운 사람들이 그들의 힘을 정부 차원의 투쟁에 맞서서 소비하지만, 정부 자체에서 만들고 싶어하는 법률은 무엇이든지 계속하는 것을 본다는 것은 이상한 일입니다. 이것은 그 문제가 내게 어떻게 비쳐지는가 입니다: (우리 자신들이 그러한 것처럼,) 우리 정부가 매우 나쁘다는 것을 깨닫고 있으며, 그것에 맞서서 투쟁하는 사람들이 있습니다. 라디체프와 디셈버리스트의 시대 이전부터 투쟁을 계속하는 두 가지 방법들이 있어왔습니다. 한 방법은 스텐카 라진, 디셈브리스트인 푸가체프, 60년대의 혁명주의 당, 3월1일의 테러주의자들 및 기타 사람들의 방법입니다. 다른 방법은 당신들에 의해서 전파되고 실행되는 것으로, '점진주의자들'의 방법이며, 이것은 폭력 없이 법적인 제한 내에서 투쟁을 계속함에 있으며, 조금씩 헌법적인 권리들을 정복해 나가는 것입니다.
Within my memory both these methods have been employed unremittingly for more than half a century, and yet the state of things grows worse and worse. Even such signs of improvement as do show themselves have come not from either of these kinds of activity, but from causes of which I will speak later on and in spite of the harm done by these two kinds of activity. Meanwhile, the power against which we struggle grows ever greater, stronger, and more insolent. The last gleams of self-government-Local Government, public trial, your Literature Committee, etc etc. -are all being done away with.
나의 기억이 닫는 한 이들 방법들은 공히 반세기 이상 동안 그칠 줄 모르게 사용되어 왔으나, 아직도 사태들은 점점 악화되어 가고 있습니다. 심지어 그들 자신들이 보여 주는 것과 같은 개선의 징조들도 이런 종류의 활동들 중에서가 아니라, 이들 두 종류의 활동들에 의해서 행해진 해로움에도 불구하고, 내가 뒤에 이야기할 원인들로부터 비롯된 것입니다. 한편, 우리가 맞서 싸우고 있는 권력은 전에 없이 더욱 거대하며, 더욱 강력하고, 더욱 오만해져 가고 있습니다. 자치 정부 - 지방 정부, 공개 재판, 당신들의 문학 위원회, 등등 - 에 대한 마지막 서광은 모두 사라져 버린 것입니다.
Now that both methods have been tried without effect for so long a time, we may, it seems to me, see clearly that neither the one nor the other will do, and see also why this is so. To me, at least., who have always disliked our Government, but have never adopted either of the above methods of resisting it, the defects of both methods are apparent.
두 가지 방법들이 그토록 오랫동안 아무런 효과 없이 시도되어 왔으므로, 나에게 느껴지는 것은, 우리가 전자든 후자든 소용이 없다는 것을 명백히 깨달을 수 있으며, 또한 이것이 왜 그러한지를 알 수 있습니다. 내게는, 적어도, 언제나 우리 정부를 싫어 했으며, 정부에 저항하는 위의 방법들 중 어느 것도 결코 채택한 적이 없는 사람이기에, 두 가지 방법들의 결함들이 확실한 것입니다.
첫번째 방법이 만족스럽지 못한 이유는, 비록 폭력적인 수단들에 의하여 기존 체제를 바꾸려는 시도가 성공한다고 할지라도, 새로운 조직이 지속되리라는, 그리고 그와 같은 새로운 질서의 적들이, 어떤 적절한 기회가 된다면, 그들에 맞서서 사용되었던 것과 같은, 프랑스 및 어느 곳이든 혁명들이 있어 왔던 곳에서 끊임 없이 발생했던 것과 같은, 폭력을 사용하여 승리하지 못할 것이라는 보장이 없기 때문입니다. 그래서 새로운 사태의 질서는, 폭력에 의해서 세워졌으므로 폭력 - 즉, 범죄 - 에 의해서 지속적으로 지지되어야 할 것이며, 결국, 그것이 바꾸어 버린 질서처럼, 그것은 필연적으로, 그리고 매우 신속하게, 타락할 것입니다. 그리고 실패하는 경우에, 혁명주의자들의 폭력은 오로지 그들이 맞서서 투쟁하는 사태의 질서를 강화시킬 뿐입니다 (우리의 러시아의 경험 안에서, 푸가체프의 반란으로부터 3월 1일의 시도까지 언제나 그러했듯이), 왜냐하면 그것은 우유부단한 - 두 파벌들 사이에서 갈팡질팡하며 서있는 - 사람들인 전체 군중들을 보수주의적 및 퇴행적인 파벌로 몰고 가기 때문입니다. 그러므로 나는 생각하건대, 우리가 이성 및 경험을 따른다면, 이런 수단은, 비도덕적일 뿐만 아니라, 비합리적이며 비효과적이라고 과감하게 말할 수 있다는 것입니다.
The other method is, in my opinion, even less effectual or rational. It is ineffectual and irrational because Government - holding in its grasp the whole power (the army, the administration, the Church, the schools, and the police), and framing what are called the laws on the basis of which the Liberals wish to resist it - this Government knows very well what is really dangerous to it, and will never let people who submit to it and act under its guidance do anything that will undermine its authority. For instance take the cue before us: a Government such as ours, or any other which rests on the ignorance of the people will never consent to their being really enlightened. It will sanction all kinds of pseudo-educational organizations controlled by itself - schools, high schools, universities, academies, and all kinds of committees and congresses, and publications sanctioned by the censor - so long as these organizations and publications serve its purpose - that is, stupefy the people, or at least do not hinder their stupefaction. But as soon as those organizations or publications attempt to cure that on which the power of Government rests (namely, the blindness of the people), the Government will simply, and without rendering any account to anyone, or saying why it acts so and not otherwise, pronounce its veto, and will rearrange or close the establishments and organizations, and forbid the publications. And therefore, as both reason and experience clearly show, such an illusory, gradual conquest of rights is a self-deception which suits the Government admirably, and which it, therefore is even ready to encourage.
다른 방법은, 나의 생각에, 훨씬 더 효과적이거나 합리적이지 못합니다. 그것이 비효과적이며 비합리적인 이유는, 정부는 - 그들의 수중에 전체 권력을 지니고 있으며, 자유주의자들이 저항하고 싶어하는 근거가 되는 법률들이라고 부르는 것들을 만들어 내는 - 이런 정부는 무엇이 진정으로 그들에 위험한 것인지 너무 잘 알고 있으며, 그들에 복종하며 그들의 인도 아래서 행동하는 사람들이 그들의 권력에 손상을 가하는 어떤 것도 행하도록 내버려 두지 않기 때문입니다. 예를 들면 우리 앞에 있는 암시를 보겠습니다: 사람들의 무지에 의존하는 우리의 것과 같은, 또는 다른 어떤 정부는 그들이 정말로 계몽되는 것에 결코 동의하지 않을 것입니다. 정부는 그들에 의해 통제되는 모든 종류의 유사 교육 단체들을 - 학교들, 고등학교들, 대학교들, 학원들 및 모든 종류의 위원회들 및 회의들 및 검열 당국에 의해 용인되는 간행물들을 - , 이들 기관들 및 간행물들이 그들의 목적에 도움이 되는 한, 다시 말하면, 사람들을 마비시키거나, 적어도 그들의 마비를 저해하지 않는 한, 용인할 것입니다. 그러나 기관들 또는 간행물들이 정부의 권력이 의지하고 있는 것(즉, 사람들의 무지)을 치유하려고 시도하자마자, 정부는 단순히, 그리고 누구에게 어떤 해명을 함이나, 왜 그들이 그렇게 행동하며 반대로는 아닌지 말함도 없이, 그들의 거부권을 선언하며, 기관들이나 단체들을 재배치하거나 폐쇄시키며, 간행물들을 금지시킬 것입니다. 그러므로, 이성뿐만 아니라 경험이 명백히 보여 주듯이, 그와 같은 환상과 같은, 점진적인 권리들에 대한 정복은 정부에게 훌륭하게 어울리는 자기 기만이며, 그러므로 정부는 그것을 심지어 장려할 준비가 되어 있는 것이다.
But not only is this activity irrational and ineffectual, it is also harmful. It is harmful because enlightened, good, and honest people by entering the ranks of the Government give it a moral authority which but for them it would not possess. If the Government were made up entirely of that coarse element - the men of violence, self-seekers, and flatterers - who form its core, it could not continue to exist. The fact that honest and enlightened people are found participating in the affairs of the Government gives Government whatever moral prestige it possesses.
그러나 이런 활동은 비합리적이며 비효과적일 뿐만 아니라, 또한 해로운 것이다. 그것이 해로운 이유는, 계몽되었으며, 유익하고, 정직한 사람들이 정부의 직위들에 들어섬으로써, 그들이 없다면 정부가 소유할 수 없는 도덕적 정당성을 부여하기 때문입니다. 만일 정부가 전적으로 투박한 요소들 - 그처럼 그들의 핵심을 구성하는 폭력적인 사람들, 이기주의자들, 및 아첨꾼들 - 로 구성되어 있다면, 그들은 계속해서 존재할 수 없는 것입니다. 정직하며 계몽된 사람들이 정부의 업무들에 참여하고 있음이 발견된다는 사실은 정부가 소유하는 어떤 도덕적 위신이라도 정부에게 주는 것입니다.
That is one evil resulting from the activity of Liberals who participate in the affairs of Government, or who come to terms with it. Another evil of such activity is that to secure opportunities to carry on their work, these highly-enlightened and honest people have to begin to compromise, and so, little by little, come to consider that for a good end one may swerve somewhat from truth in word and deed. For instance, that one may, though not believing in the established Church, take part in its ceremonies; may take oaths; may, when necessary for the success of some affair, present petitions couched in language which is untruthful and derogatory to man's natural dignity; may enter the army; may take part in a Local Government which has been stripped of all its powers; may serve as a master or a professor, teaching not what one considers necessary one's self, but what one is told to teach by the Government; that one may even become a Zemsky Natchalnik submitting to Governmental demands and instructions which violate one's conscience; may edit newspapers and periodicals, remaining silent about what ought to be mentioned, and printing what one is ordered to print : and entering into these compromises - the limits of which cannot be foreseen - enlightened and honest people, who alone could form some barrier to the infringements of human liberty by the Government, retreating, little by little, further and further from the demands of conscience, fall at last into a position of complete dependency on the Government. They receive rewards and salaries from it, and, continuing to imagine that they are forwarding Liberal ideas, become the humble servants and supporters of the very order against which they set out to fight.
그것이 정부의 문제들에 참여하거나, 그것을 받아 들이는 자유주의자들의 활동으로부터 초래되는 한 가지 악인 것입니다. 그러한 활동에 의한 다른 악은, 그들의 작업을 계속할 기회들을 확보하기 위하여, 이들 고도로 계몽된 그리고 정직한 사람들이 타협하기 시작해야 하며, 그래서, 점차적으로, 좋은 목적을 위해서는 말과 행동에서 어느 정도 진리로부터 이탈할 것을 고려하게 된다는 것입니다. 예를 들면, 비록 제도권 교회를 믿지는 않지만, 그들의 의식들에 참여하거나; 맹세를 할 수 있으며; 어떤 문제의 성사를 위해서 필요할 때, 사람의 천부적 존엄에 충실하지 않은 경멸받는 언어로 표시된 청원들을 제시할 수 있으며; 군대에 입대할 수도 있으며; 모든 권력들을 박탈당한 지방 정부에 참여할 수도 있으며; 교사나 교수로서, 자기 자신이 필요하다고 여기는 것이 아니라 , 정부가 가르치라고 명령하는 것을 가르침에 협조할 수 있으며; 심지어 정부의 요구들과 명령들에 굴복하여 자신의 양심을 침범하는 젬스키 나찰리니크가 될 수도 있으며; 신문들이나 잡지들을 편집하면서, 반드시 언급되어야 하는 것에 대해 침묵하며, 출판하라고 명령 받은 것을 출판할 수도 있습니다: 그리고 이런 타협들 - 예측될 수 없는 한계들 - 에 들어 서면서 계몽된 그리고 정직한 사람들은, 오직 그들만이 정부에 의한 인간의 자유의 침해들에 대해 일부 방벽들을 형성할 수 있음에도, 조금씩 물러나면서, 양심의 요구들로부터 점점 더 멀어져 가며, 마침내 정부에 완전히 의존하는 위치로 전락해 버립니다. 그들은 정부로부터 상금들과 보수들을 받습니다, 그리고, 그들이 자유주의 사상들을 촉진하고 있다고 계속해서 상상하면서, 그들이 싸우기 시작해야 하는 바로 그 명령을 따르는 초라한 하인들 및 지지자들이 되는 것입니다.
It is true that there are also better, sincere people in the Liberal camp, whom the Government cannot bribe, and who remain unbought and free from salaries and position. But even these people, having been ensnared in the nets spread by Government, beat their wings in their cages (as you are now doing in your Committee) unable to advance from the spot they are on. Or else, becoming enraged, they go over to the revolutionary camp; or they shoot themselves; or take to drink; or they abandon the whole struggle in despair, and, oftenest of all, retire into literary activity, in which - yielding to the demands of the censor, they say only what they are allowed to say, and by that very silence about what is most important convey to the public distorted views, which just suit the Government. But they continue to imagine that they are serving society by the writings which give them means of subsistence.
자유주의 진영에는 또한 더욱 훌륭하며, 진실한 사람들이 있으며, 그들은 정부가 뇌물을 먹일 수 없으며, 포섭되지 않으며, 봉급들이나 지위에서 자유로운 사람들임이 사실입니다. 그러나 심지어 이런 사람들도, 정부가 펼쳐 놓은 그물들에 걸려들며, 그들이 위치하고 있는 장소로부터 나아갈 수 없어서 (지금의 당신이 당신의 위원회에서 행하듯) 그들의 새장 안에서 날개를 퍼덕입니다. 아니면, 분노한 나머지, 그들은 혁명 진영에 뛰어가거나; 아니면 스스로 자살하거나; 아니면 술을 마시거나; 아니면 그들은 실의에 빠져서 전체 투쟁을 포기하거나, 그리고 무엇보다 흔한 것은, 문학 활동으로 물러나며, 그리함으로써, 검열관의 요구들에 복종하면서, 그들은 오직 말하도록 허용된 것만 말하며, 가장 중요한 것에 대한 그와 같은 침묵 자체로서 대중들에게 왜곡된 시각들을 전달하며, 그것은 바로 정부를 만족하게 하는 것입니다. 그러나 그들은 계속해서 그들에게 생활의 수단을 주는 저술들을 통해서 사회에 기여한다고 상상하고 있습니다.
Thus, reflection and experience alike show me that both the means of combating Government used heretofore, are not only ineffectual, but actually tend to strengthen the power and irresponsibility of the Government.
이와 같이, 깊은 생각 및 경험이 내게 함께 보여주는 것은, 여태까지 정부와 싸우기 위한 두 가지 수단들은 비효과적일 뿐만 아니라, 사실상 정부의 권력과 무책임을 강화시켜주는 경향이 있었습니다.
What is to be done? Evidently not what for seventy years past has proved fruitless, and has only produced reverse results. What is to be done? Just what those have done, to whose activity we owe the progress towards light and good that has been achieved since the world began, and that is still being achieved today. That is what must be done! And what is it?
무엇이 행해져야 합니까? 70년 동안의 과거가 결실이 없음을 증명하였으며, 오직 역 효과들을 초래한 것 같은 일은 명백히 아닙니다. 무엇이 행해져야 합니까? 바로 그들이 행했던 것, 즉 그들의 활동으로 인해서, 세상이 시작되었을 때부터 성취해 왔으며, 오늘날 여전히 성취하고 있는 빛 과 선을 향한 전진에서 우리가 빚을 지고 것입니다. 그것이 바로 반드시 행해져야 하는 것입니다! 그리고 그것이 무엇입니까?
Merely the simple, quiet, truthful carrying on of what you consider good and, needful, quite independently of the Government, or of whether it likes it or not. In other words: standing up for one's rights, not as a member of the 'Literature Committee,' nor as a deputy, nor as a land-owner, nor as a merchant, nor even as a Member of Parliament; but standing up for one's rights as a rational and free man, and defending them - not as the rights of Local Boards or Committees are defended, with concessions and compromises, but without any concessions or compromises - in the only way in which moral and human dignity can be defended.
오로지, 정부에 전혀 종속되지 않는, 아니 정부가 그것을 좋아하든 말든, 선하며, 필요하다고 여기는 것에 대한 단순한, 조용한, 진실된 지속. 다시 말하면 이렇습니다: 자신의 권리들을 주장하라, '문학 위원회'의 구성원으로서가 아니라, 대의원으로서도 아니라, 지주로서도 아니라, 상인으로서도 아니라, 심지어 의회의 구성원으로서도 아니라; 이성을 가진 그리고 자유로운 사람으로서 자신의 권리들을 주장하라, 그리고 오로지 양심과 인간의 존엄이 수호될 수 있는 방법으로 - 양보들과 타협들을 동반하는 지역 회의들 또는 위원회들의 권리들이 수호되는 것으로서가 아니라, 어떠한 양보들 및 타협들 없이 - 그것들을 수호하라.
Successfully to defend a fortress, one has to burn all the houses in the suburbs and leave only what is strong, and what you intend not to surrender on any account. Only from the basis of this firm stronghold can we conquer all we require. True, the rights of a Member of Parliament, or even of a member of a Local Board, are greater than the rights of an ordinary man; and it seems as though we could do much by using those rights. But the hitch is that to obtain the rights of a Member of Parliament, or of a committee-man, one has to abandon part of one's rights as a man. And having abandoned part, of one's rights as a man, there is no longer any fixed point of leverage, and one can no longer either conquer or maintain any real right. In order to lift others out of a quagmire one must one's self stand on firm ground; and if, hoping the better to assist others, you go into the quagmire, you will not pull others out, but will yourself sink in.
한 요새를 성공적으로 방어하려면, 교외에 있는 모든 집들을 태워 버리고 오로지 튼튼한 것, 그리고 당신들이 결코 넘겨줄 수 없는 것만을 남겨 두어야 합니다. 오로지 이처럼 굳건한 거점을 기반으로 우리는 우리가 필요로 하는 모든 것을 정복할 수 있습니다. 사실, 의회의 구성원으로서의 권리들, 아니 심지어 지역 회의의 구성원으로서의 권리들은, 보통 사람의 권리들 보다 큰 것입니다; 그리고 그것은 마치 그런 권리들을 이용함으로써 많은 일을 할 수 있는 것처럼 보입니다. 그러나, 걸림돌은 의회의 또는 위원회의 구성원으로서의 권리들을 획득하려면, 사람으로서 자신의 권리들의 일부를 포기해야만 하는 것입니다. 그리고 사람으로서 자신의 권리들의 일부를 포기하고 나면, 더 이상 지렛대의 고정된 접점이 없게 되며, 더 이상 어떤 진정한 권리를 정복하거나 유지할 수 없습니다. 다른 사람들을 수렁에서 끌어 올리려면, 자기 자신이 단단한 땅 위에 서야만 합니다; 그리고 만일, 다른 사람들을 돕고자 하는 바램에서, 수렁으로 들어 간다면, 당신은 다른 사람들을 끌어 당기는 것이 아니라, 당신 자신이 가라 앉게 될 것입니다.
It may be very desirable and useful to get an eight-hours' day legalized by Parliament, or to get a Liberal programme for school libraries sanctioned through your Committee ; but if as a means to this end a Member of Parliament must publicly lift up his hand and lie, lie when taking an oath, by expressing in words respect for what he does not respect; or (in our own case) if, in order to pass programmes however liberal, it is necessary to take part in public worship, to be sworn, to wear a uniform, to write mendacious and flattering petitions, and to make speeches of a similar character, etc., etc. - then, by doing these things and foregoing our dignity as men, we lose much more than we gain, and by trying to reach one definite aim, (which very often is not reached) we deprive ourselves of the possibility of reaching other aims which are of supreme importance. Only people who have something which they will on no account and under no circumstances yield can resist a Government and curb it. To have power to resist, you must stand on firm ground.
의회에 의해서 적법화된 하루 8시간을 얻어내거나, 당신의 위원회를 통해 지지되는 학교 도서관들을 위한 자유주의 프로그램을 얻는 것은 매우 바람직하며 유익할 지도 모릅니다; 그러나 만일 이런 목적을 위한 수단으로서, 그가 존경하지 않는 것에 대해 말로서 존경을 표현함으로써, 의회의 구성원들이 반드시 공식적으로 그의 손을 들고서, 선서를 행할 때의 거짓처럼, 거짓말을 해야 한다면; 아니 (우리의 경우에서) 만일, 아무리 자유스러운 프로그램이라도 통과시키기 위해서, 공개 예배에 참여하고, 맹세하며, 제복을 입으며, 허위 및 아첨 섞인 진정서들을 작성하며, 그리고 유사한 성격을 담은 연설들을 행하는 등등이 필요하다면, - 그렇다면, 이런 일들을 행하고 사람들로서 우리의 존엄을 저버림으로써, 우리는 우리가 얻을 수 있는 것보다 훨씬 많은 것을 잃을 것이며, 한 가지 확실한 목적에 도달하려 시도하다가, (매우 흔히 달성되지 않지만), 우리는 극도로 중요한 다른 목적들에 도달할 가능성을 스스로 박탈하게 됩니다. 오직 어떤 이유에서 그리고 어떤 상황에서도 굴복하지 않는 어떤 것을 지닌 사람들이 정부에 저항하며 그들을 제지할 수 있는 것입니다. 저항할 힘을 가지려면, 당신은 반드시 단단한 땅 위에 서 있어야 합니다.
And the Government knows this very well, and is, above all else, concerned to worm out of men that which will not yield - namely, their dignity as men. When that is wormed out of them, the Government calmly proceeds to do what it likes, knowing that it will no longer meet any real resistance. A man who consents publicly to swear, pronouncing the degrading and mendacious words of the oath; or submissively to wait several hours, dressed up in a uniform, at a Minister's reception ; or to inscribe himself as a Special Constable for the Coronation ; or to fast and receive Communion for respectability's sake ; or to ask the Head-Censor whether he may, or may not, express such and such thoughts, etc.- such a man is no longer feared by Government.
그리고 정부는 이것을 잘 알고 있으며, 그 무엇보다도, 사람들에게서 굴복하지 않는 것 - 사람으로서 그들의 존엄성 -을 교묘히 알아내는데 관심을 가지고 있습니다. 그들에게서 그것을 알아 낼 때, 정부는 조용히 그들이 좋아하는 것을 진행해 나가며, 정부는 더 이상 어떤 진정한 저항도 만나지 않을 것을 알고 있습니다. 공개적으로 맹세함에 동의하는 사람은, 천박하며 거짓인 맹세의 말들을 선언하거나; 제복을 입고서 복종하면서 몇 시간 동안 각료의 환영회에서 기다리거나; 자기 자신을 대관식을 위한 특별 경관으로 명부에 올리거나; 존경을 보이기 위하여 단식하며 성찬을 받거나; 검열관에게 그렇고 그런 사상들 등을 표현해야 될지 말지 묻습니다 - 그런 사람은 더 이상 정부가 두려워 하지 않습니다.
Alexander II. said he did not fear the Liberals, because he knew they could all be bought- if not with money, then with honours.
알렉산더 2세는 자신은 자유주의자들을 두려워 하지 않는다고 말했습니다, 왜냐하면 그는 그들을 모두 - 만일 돈으로 안 된다면, 명예들로서 - 매수할 수 있음을 알았기 때문입니다.
People who take part in Government, or work under its direction, may deceive themselves or their sympathizers by making a show of struggling; but those against whom they struggle (the Government) know quite well, by the strength of the resistance experienced, that these people are not really pulling, but are only pretending to. Our Government knows this with respect to the Liberals, and constantly tests the quality of the opposition, and finding that genuine resistance is practically non-existent, it continues its course in full assurance that it can do what it likes with such opponents.
정부에 참여하거나, 그들의 명령 아래서 일하는 사람들은, 자기 자신들을 또는 그들의 동조자들을 기만하는 것입니다; 그러나 그들이 맞서서 투쟁하는 사람들은 (정부는), 경험하는 저항의 강도에 따라서, 이 사람들이 잡아당기고 있지 않으며, 오직 그런 척하고 있다는 것을 너무나 잘 알고 있습니다. 자유주의자들에 관한 한 우리 정부는 이것을 알고 있으며, 반대의 정도를 끊임 없이 시험하며, 진정한 저항은 실제로 존재하지 않음을 알고서, 그러한 반대자들이 있음에도 그들은 좋아하는 것을 할 수 있다는 충분한 확신으로 그런 과정을 계속해 나갑니다.
The Government of Alexander III. knew this very well, and, knowing it, deliberately destroyed all that the Liberals thought they had achieved, and were so proud of. It altered and limited Trial by Jury; it abolished the office of Judge of the Peace; it canceled the rights of the Universities; it perverted the whole system of instruction in the High Schools; it re-established the Cadet Corps, and even the State-sale of intoxicants; it established the Zemsky Natchalniks; it legalized flogging ; it almost abolished the Local Government ; it gave uncontrolled power to the Governors of Provinces; it encouraged the quartering of troops on the peasants in punishment; it increased the practice of 'administrative' banishment and imprisonment, and the capital punishment of political offenders; it renewed religious persecutions; it brought to a climax the use of barbarous superstitions ; it legalized murder in duels; under the name of a 'State of Siege' it established lawlessness with capital punishment as a normal condition of things - and in all this it met with no protest except from one honourable woman, who boldly told the Government the truth as she saw it.
알렉산더 3 세의 정부는 이것을 너무나 잘 알았습니다, 그리고, 그것을 알기에, 자유주의자들이 달성했다고 생각하였으며, 너무나 자랑스러워 하던 모든 것을 고의적으로 파괴하였습니다. 정부는 배심원에 의한 재판 제도를 바꾸어서 제한하였으며; 그들은 [평화의 재판관] 사무소를 폐쇄하였으며; 그들은 대학교들의 권리들을 취소하였으며; 그들은 고등학교들에서의 전체 교수 체계를 왜곡하였으며; 학생 군사 훈련단과, 심지어 환각제의 국가에 의한 판매를 부활시켰으며; 그들은 젬스키 나차리니크 들을 세웠으며; 태형을 법제화하였으며; 그들은 자치 정부를 거의 폐쇄하였으며; 그들은 주 지사들에게 무제한의 권력을 주었으며; 처벌로서 농가에 군대의 숙영을 장려하였으며; 그들은 행정적 추방 및 투옥의 관행, 그리고 정치범들에 대한 사형을 늘렸으며; 그들은 종교적 박해들을 부활시켰으며; 그들은 야만적 미신들의 사용을 절정에 달하게 했으며; 그들은 결투들을 통한 살인을 합법화하였으며; '포위 상태'라는 이름 아래, 사형을 정상적 상태들로 하는 무법제도를 확립하였습니다 - 이 모든 것에서 정부는 한 사람의 훌륭한 여성을 제외하고는 아무런 저항에 부딪히지 않았으며, 그녀는 대담하게 본 그대로의 진실을 정부에게 말했습니다.
The Liberals whispered among themselves that these things displeased them, but they continued to take part in legal proceedings, and in the Local Governments, and in the Universities, and in Government service, and on the Press. In the Press they hinted at what they were allowed to hint at , and kept silence on matters they had to be silent about, but they printed whatever they were told to print. So that every reader (not privy to the whisperings of the editorial rooms), on receiving a Liberal paper or magazine, read the announcement of the most cruel and irrational measures unaccompanied by comment or sign of disapproval, together with sycophantic and flattering addresses to those guilty of enacting these measures, and frequently even praise of the measures themselves. Thus all the dismal activity of the Government of Alexander III - destroying whatever good had begun to take root in the days of Alexander II., and striving to turn Russia back to the barbarity of the commencement of this century - all this dismal activity of gallows, rods, persecutions, and stupefaction of the people, has become (even in the Liberal papers and magazines) the basis of an insane laudation of Alexander III. and of his acclamation as a great man and a model of human dignity.
자유주의자들은 그들 안에서 이런 일들이 그들을 불쾌하게 한다고 속삭였지만, 그들은 계속해서, 법적 절차들에, 그리고 지방 정부들에, 그리고 대학들에, 그리고 정부 활동들에, 그리고 언론에 참여하였습니다. 언론에서 그들은 암시하도록 허락 받은 것을 암시하였으며, 그들이 침묵해야만 하는 것들에 대해서는 계속해서 침묵하였으나, 그들은 출판하라고 명령 받은 것은 무엇이든 출판하였습니다. 결국, (편집실의 속삭임들에 은밀히 관여하지 않는) 모든 독자들은, 자유주의자들의 신문이나 잡지를 받게 되면, 가장 잔인하며 비이성적인 대책들의 발표를, 반대를 담은 논평이나 흔적도 없이, 이런 대책들을 제정하는 죄를 짓는 사람들에게 아첨섞인 그리고 아부하는 연설들, 그리고 심지어는 흔히 대책들 자체에 대한 찬사와 함께, 읽게 되는 것입니다. 이렇게 해서 알렉산더 3세의 모든 형편없는 활동은 - 알렉산더 2세 시절에 뿌리를 내리기 시작했던 선량한 것은 무엇이든지 파괴하기 시작하였으며, 러시아를 이 세기의 시작과 같은 참혹한 상태로 되돌리려 분투함으로써 - 교수대, 몽둥이들, 박해들, 그리고 사람들의 인성 마비 같은 이런 모든 형편없는 활동들은, 알렉산더 3세의 광적인 찬사 및 위대한 사람 그리고 인간 존엄의 대표로서 그에 대한 환호의 근거가 되었습니다.
이와 똑같은 일들이 새로운 통치 체제하에서도 계속되고 있습니다. 이전의 황제를 계승한 젊은 사람으로, 인생에 대한 아무런 이해도 없었기에, 그렇게 말하는 것이 이로운 권력을 쥔 사람들에 의해, 일억의 사람들을 통치하는 가장 좋은 방법은 그의 아버지가 행한 것처럼 하는 것 - 즉, 어느 누구에게서도 자문을 구하지 않으며, 하지만 그의 머리에 떠오르는 바로 그것, 또는 그의 주변에 있는 최초의 아첨꾼이 조언하는 것을 행하는 것 - 이라는 확신을 가졌습니다. 그리고, 무제한의 독재 정치가 신성한 삶 - 러시아 사람들의 원리 - 이라고 상상하면서, 젊은 사람은 지배하기 시작합니다; 그리고 러시아 국민들의 대표자들에게 통치라는 과제에 있어서 그들의 조언으로 도와 달라고 하는 대신에, 그는 축하하러 그를 방문하는 러시아 국민들의 대표자들에게 무례하고 오만하게 소리치며, 그들이 필요한 것인, '어리석은 꿈들'을 당국에 알려 달라는, 그들 중의 일부에 의해 표현된 요구가 허용되도록 명령합니다.
And what followed? Was Russian society shocked? Did enlightened and honest people-the Liberals- express their indignation and repulsion? Did they at least refrain from laudation of this Government, and from participating in it and encouraging it? Not at all. From that time a specially intense competition in adulation commenced, both of the father and of the son who imitated him. And not a protesting voice was heard, except in one anonymous letter, cautiously expressing disapproval of the young Tsar's conduct. From all sides fulsome and flattering addresses were brought to the Tsar, as well as (for some reason or other) icons which nobody wanted and which serve merely as objects of idolatry to benighted people. An insane expenditure of money: a Coronation amazing in its absurdity, was arranged ; the arrogance of the rulers and their contempt of the people caused thousands to perish in a fearful calamity - which was regarded as a slight eclipse of the festivities, which did not terminate on that account. An exhibition was organized, which no one wanted except those who organized it, and which cost millions of roubles. In the Chancellery of the Holy Synod, with unparalleled effrontery, a new and supremely stupid means of mystifying people was devised - namely, the enshrinement of the incorruptible body of a Saint whom nobody knew anything about. The stringency of the Censor was increased. Religious persecution was made more severe. The State of Siege (i.e., the legalization of lawlessness) was continued, and the state of things is still becoming worse and worse.
그러면 어떤 행위가 뒤따랐습니까? 러시아 사회는 충격 받았습니까? 계몽된 및 정직한 사람들 - 자유주의자들 - 은 그들의 분노와 혐오를 표현하였습니까? 그들은 마침내 이런 정부에 대한 칭찬을, 그리고 참여를 그리고 장려를 중단하였습니까? 전혀 아닙니다. 그때부터 특별히 강렬한 극도의 아첨 경쟁이 시작되었으며, 그 아버지에 대해서 뿐만 아니라 그를 모방하는 아들에 대해서 말입니다. 그리고 단 한 마디의 저항하는 목소리도 들리지 않았으며, 단지 예외로 어떤 익명의 편지에서, 젊은 황제의 행위에 대한 반대를 조심스럽게 표현하였습니다. 도처로부터 역겹고 아첨 섞인 성명들 뿐만 아니라 (이런 저런 이유로) 아무도 원하지 않는 그리고 단지 미개한 사람들에게 우상 숭배의 대상에 일조하는 우상들이 황제에게 전달되었습니다. 금전의 광적인 지출, 그 황당함에서 놀라운 대관식이 준비되었으며; 통치자들의 거만함 그리고 그들의 사람들에 대한 경멸은 수천 명이 무서운 재앙으로 사라지게 만들었습니다 - 그것은 축제들의 조그만 오점으로 여겨졌으며, 그런 이유로 끝나지는 않았습니다. 전람회가 조직되었으며, 그것은 조직한 사람들 외에는 아무도 원치 않았으며, 수백만 루블을 소비하였습니다. 성무회원의 비서실에서는, 전례 없는 아첨, 사람들을 홀리게 하는 새롭고 지극히 어리석은 방법들 - 즉, 어느 누구도 아무 것도 알지 못하는 어떤 성자의 부패하지 않는 몸을 안치하는 것 - 이 고안되었습니다. 검열의 엄중함도 증대되었습니다. 종교적 박해는 더욱 심해졌습니다. [포위 상태] (즉, 무법의 합법화)는 계속되었으며, 사태는 여전히 점점 악화되어 가고 있습니다.
And I think that all this would not have happened if those enlightened., honest people who are now occupied in Liberal activity on the basis of legality, in Local Governments, in the Committees, in Censor-ruled literature., etc., had not devoted their energies to the task of circumventing the Government and - without abandoning the forms it has itself arranged - of finding ways to make it act so as to harm and injure itself: but, abstaining from taking any part in Government or in any business bound up with Government, had merely claimed their rights as men.
그리고 나는 생각하건대, 만일 지금 합법성을 근거로 자유주의 활동에, 지방 정부들에, 위원회들에, 검열로 통제되는 문학 등에 심취한 그들 계몽된, 정직한 사람들이, 그들의 에너지들을 정부를 우회하는 그리고 - 그 스스로가 계획하였던 형식들을 포기하지 않은 채 - 그것이 스스로를 해롭게 그리고 상하게 하도록 행동하도록 하는 방법들을 찾는 임무에 바치지 않았다면: 그러나, 정부에 대한 어떤 참여 또는 정부에 묶여 있는 어떤 사업에 참여하는 것을 중단하고서, 단순히 사람으로서의 그들의 권리들을 주장했더라면, 이 모든 것은 발생하지 않았을 것이라는 것입니다.
'당신들은, [평화의 재판관들] 대신에, 나무 회초리를 지닌 젬스키 나찰리니크들을 설립하기를 바랬습니다: 그것이 당신들의 사업입니다, 그러나 우리는 당신들의 젬스키 나찰리니크들 앞에서 법정에 가지 않을 것이며, 우리 자신들은 그런 직책에 임명됨을 받아들이지 않을 것입니다. 당신들은 배심원에 의한 재판을 단지 형식으로 만들기를 원합니다: 그것이 당신들의 사업이지만, 우리는 재판관들로, 또는 변호사들로, 또는 배심원으로 서지 않을 것입니다. 당신들은, "포위 상태"라는 이름으로 전제주의를 확립하고자 합니다: 그것이 당신들의 사업이지만, 우리는 그것에 참여하지 않을 것이며, "포위 상태"를 단순히 전제주의라고, 재판 없이 가해지는 사형을 살인이라고 부를 것입니다. 당신들은 군사 훈련들 및 정통 신앙을 배우는 [학생 군사 훈련]들, 또는 [전통 고등 학교]들을 조직하고자 합니다: 그것은 당신들의 과제이지만, 우리는 그런 학교들에서 가르치지 않을 것이며, 우리의 아이들을 그들에게 보내지도 않을 것입니다, 하지만 우리의 아이들을 우리에게 옳다고 느껴지는 대로 교육시킬 것입니다. 당신들은 지방 정부들을 무력하도록 전락시키기로 결정합니다: 우리는 그것들에 참여하지 않을 것입니다. 당신들은 당신들의 마음에 들지 않는 문학의 출판을 금지합니다: 당신들은 서적들을 압수하고 출판업자들을 처벌합니다, 그러나 당신들은 우리의 연설과 저작을 막을 수 없으며, 우리는 계속해서 그렇게 행할 것입니다. 당신들은 황제에 대한 충성의 맹세를 요구합니다: 우리는 그토록 어리석고, 거짓되며, 비천한 것에 동의하지 않습니다. 당신들은 우리에게 군대에 복무하라고 명령합니다: 우리는 그렇게 하지 않을 것입니다, 왜냐하면 대량학살은 개별적 살인 만큼이나 우리의 양심에 배치되기 때문이며, 무엇보다도, 지휘관이 우리에게 살해하라고 말하는 누구라도 살해하겠다고 약속하는 것은 사람이 저지를 수 있는 가장 비열한 행위이기 때문입니다. 당신들은 "이베리아의 하나님의 어머니" 유물들, 그리고 대관식들을 함께 가짐으로써 천 년이나 시대에 뒤떨어진 종교를 고백합니다: 그것은 당신들의 문제이지만, 우리는 우상숭배와 미신을 종교라고 인정하지 않으며, 그것들을 우상숭배 및 미신으로 부르며, 우리는 사람들을 그것들로부터 자유롭게 하고자 노력합니다.
And what can the Government do against such activity? It can banish or imprison a man for preparing a bomb, or even for printing a proclamation to working men; it can transfer your Literature Committee from one Ministry to another, or close a Parliament ; but what can a Government do with a man who is not willing publicly to lie with uplifted hand, or who is not willing to send his children to an establishment which he considers bad, or who is not willing to learn to kill people, or is not willing to take part in idolatry, or is not willing to take part in coronations, deputations and addresses, or who says and writes what he thinks and feels? By prosecuting such a man the Government secures for him general sympathy, making him a martyr, and it undermines the foundations on which it is itself built, for, in so acting, instead of protecting human rights it itself infringes them.
그러면 정부는 그러한 활동들에 맞서서 무엇을 할 수 있습니까? 정부는 폭탄을 마련함에 대해, 또는 심지어 노동하는 사람들에게 선언문을 인쇄해줌에 대해 추방하거나 투옥할 수 있습니다: 정부는 당신들의 [문학 위원회]를 이쪽에서 저쪽으로 이관시킬 수 있거나, 또는 의회를 닫을 수도 있습니다; 그러나 손을 높이 들고서 공개적으로 거짓말을 하기를 싫어 하는, 아니 자신의 자녀들을 그가 나쁘다고 여기는 단체에 보내지 않으려는, 아니 사람들을 죽이기를 배우기를 싫어하는, 아니 대관식들, 참형 및 연설들에 참여하지 않으려는, 자신이 생각하고 느끼는 것을 말하고 써나가는 사람에게 무엇을 할 수 있습니까? 그러한 사람을 기소함으로써 정부는 그를 순교자로 만들면서 그를 위해 일반적인 동정을 확보해 주며, 그것은 정부 자체가 세워지는 기초들을 잠식합니다, 왜냐하면, 그렇게 행동함에서, 정부는 인간의 권리들을 보호하는 것이 아니라 스스로 침해하기 때문입니다.
And it is only necessary for all those good, enlightened, and honest people whose strength is now wasted in Revolutionary, Socialistic, or Liberal activity (harmful to themselves and to their cause) to begin to act thus, and a nucleus of honest, enlightened, and moral people would form around them, united in the same thoughts and the same feelings. And to this nucleus the ever- wavering crowd of average people would at once gravitate, and public opinion-the only power which subdues Governments-would become evident, demanding freedom of speech, freedom of conscience, justice and humanity. And as soon as public opinion was formulated, not only would it be impossible to suppress the Literature Committee, but also those inhuman organizations - the 'State of Siege,' the Secret Police, the Censor, Schlusselsburg, the Holy Synod, and the rest - against which the Revolutionists and the Liberals are now struggling, would disappear of themselves.
그리고 그들의 힘이 지금은 혁명주의, 사회주의, 또는 자유주의적 (그들 자신들과 그들의 명분에 해로운) 활동들에 허비되고 있는 그 모든 선량한, 계몽된, 그리고 정직한 사람들이 그처럼 행동하기 시작하는 것이 오로지 필요할 뿐이며, 그리하면 정직한, 계몽된, 그리고 도덕적인 사람들의 핵이 그들 주변에 형성되어서, 똑같은 사상들 및 똑같은 감정들로 연합할 것입니다. 그리고 이 핵에는 끊임 없이 흔들리는 보통 사람들의 무리가 당장 인력에 끌일 것이며, 여론 - 정부를 잠재우는 유일한 힘 - 은 분명해질 것이며, 언론의 자유, 양심의 자유, 정의 및 인류애를 요구할 것입니다. 그리고 여론이 형성되자 마자, [문학 위원회]을 억압하는 것이 불가능해질 뿐만 아니라, 혁명 주의자들 및 자유주의자들이 대항해서 싸우고 있는 그들 비인간적인 기관들 - '포위 상태', 비밀 경찰, 검열, 슐레스버그, 성무 회원, 및 기타 - 이 저절로 사라질 것입니다.
So that two methods of opposing the Government have been tried, both unsuccessfully, and it now remains, to try a third and last method, one not yet tried, but one which, I think, cannot but be successful. Briefly, it is this: That all enlightened and honest people should try to be as good as they can; and not even good in all respects but only in one, namely, in observing one of the most elementary virtues - to be honest and not to lie, but so to act and speak that your motives should be intelligible to an affectionate seven-year-old boy; to act so that your boy should not say: 'But why, papa, did you say so-and-so, and now you do and say something quite different?' This method seems very weak, and yet I am convinced that it is this method, and this method alone, that has moved humanity since the race began. Only because there were straight men-truthful and courageous, who made no concessions that infringed their dignity as men have all those beneficent revolutions been accomplished of which mankind now has the advantage- from the abolition of torture and slavery up to liberty of speech and of conscience. Nor can this be otherwise, for what is demanded by conscience (the highest forefeeling man possesses of the truth to which he can attain) is always and in all respects the thing most fruitful and most necessary. for humanity at the given time. Only a man who lives according to his conscience can exert influence on people, and only activity that accords with one's conscience can be useful.
그리하여 정부를 반대하는 두 가지 방법들이, 둘 다 성공적이 못하게, 시도되어 왔으며, 이제 세 번째이자 마지막 방법, 아직 시도되지 않은 것이지만, 내가 생각하기에, 성공적이지 않을 수 없는 것을 시도하도록 남아 있습니다. 간단히 말해서, 그것은 이런 것입니다: 모든 계몽된, 정직한 사람들은 가능한 선량해야 합니다; 그리고 모든 면에서 선량해야 할 뿐만 아니라, 한 가지 안에서, 즉, 가장 기초적인 덕목들 중의 하나를 준수함에서 - 정직할 것이며 속이지 말 것 -, 그러나 당신들의 동기들이 다정한 일곱 살 짜리 아이에게도 이해될 수 있도록 행동하고 말할 것; 당신의 아이가: '하지만 왜, 아빠, 그렇고 그렇게 말하고, 지금은 너무나 다른 어떤 것을 행하고 말씀하셔요?" 라고 묻지 않도록 행동하여야 합니다. 이 방법은 매우 약해 보입니다, 그러나 나는 인종이 시작된 이래 인류를 움직여 왔던 것은 바로 이 방법, 그리고 오직 이 방법만이라고 확신합니다. 오직 곧은 - 진실하며 용감한 - 사람들이 존재하였기 때문에, 그들이 그들의 인간들로서의 존엄을 침해하는 어떤 양보들도 하지 않았기 때문에, 그 모든 유익한 혁명들이 성취되어 왔으며, 그것에 대해 인류는 지금 이익- 고문 및 노예제도의 폐지로부터 언론 및 양심의 자유 - 을 누리고 있는 것입니다. 이것은 결코 다른 방향일 수 없습니다, 왜냐하면 양심이 요구하는 것(사람이 도달할 수 있는 진리에 관하여 그가 소유하는 가장 높은 예지력)은 언제나 그리고 모든 면들에서 주어진 시대에서 인류를 위해서 가장 효과적인 그리고 가장 필요한 것이기 때문입니다. 오직 자신의 양심에 따라서 사는 사람이 다른 사람들에게 영향을 행사할 수 있으며, 오직 자신의 양심과 일치하는 활동만이 유익할 수 있습니다.
But I must make my meaning quite plain. To say that the most effectual means of achieving the ends towards which Revolutionists and Liberals are striving is by activity in accord with their consciences, does not mean that people can begin to live conscientiously in order to achieve those ends. To begin to live conscientiously on purpose to achieve external ends is impossible.
그러나 나는 나의 의미를 아주 명료하게 만들어야 합니다. 혁명주의자들과 자유주의자들이 향해서 투쟁하고 있는 목적들을 성취하기 위한 가장 효과적인 수단은 그들의 양심들과 일치하는 활동들이라고 말하는 것은, 사람들이 그런 목적들을 성취하기 위해서 양심적으로 살기 시작했다는 것을 의미하지 않습니다. 외적인 목적들을 달성하기 위해 양심적으로 사는 것은 불가능합니다.
To live according to one's conscience is possible only as a result of firm and clear religious convictions; the beneficent result of these on our external life will inevitably follow. Therefore the gist of what I wished to say to you is this : That it is unprofitable for good, sincere people to spend their powers of mind and soul on gaining small practical ends - for instance, in the various struggles of nationalities, or parties or in Liberal wire-pulling- while they have not reached a clear and firm religious perception, that is, a consciousness of the meaning and purpose of life. I think that all the era of soul and mind of good men, who wish to be of service to humanity, should be directed to that end. When that is accomplished all else will also be accomplished.
자신의 양심에 따라 사는 것은 오로지 견고하고 명료한 종교적 신념들의 결과로서 입니다; 우리의 외적인 삶에 대한 이들의 유익한 결과는 필연적으로 따를 것입니다. 그러므로 내가 당신들에게 말하고 싶은 것의 정수는 이것입니다: 선량하고 진실한 사람들이, 아직 명백하고 견고한 종교적 인식에, 즉, 삶의 의미와 목적에 대한 인식에 도달하지 않은 상태에서, 그들의 마음 및 영혼의 힘들을 조그마한 실용적 목적들 - 예를 들면, 많은 국민들 및 당파들의 다양한 투쟁들에서, 또는 자유주의적인 줄당기기에서 - 을 얻기 위해 소비한다는 것은 이롭지 못하다는 것입니다. 나는, 인류에게 봉사하고자 하는, 선량한 사람들의 영혼과 마음의 모든 시기가, 반드시 그러한 목적에 집중되어야만 한다고 생각합니다. 그것이 달성될 때 다른 모든 것 또한 달성될 것입니다.
당신에게 이토록 긴 서한을 보냄에 대해 용서하시기 바랍니다, 그리고 아마도 이것이 당신이 전혀 필요로 하는 것이 아니겠지만, 나는 이 문제에 관하여 오랫동안 표명하고 싶었습니다. 나는 심지어 그것에 관해 긴 논문을 시작하였습니다, 그러나 죽음이 다가오기 전까지 그것을 마칠 수 있는 시간이 거의 없을 것이며, 그러므로 나는 적어도 그것의 일부라도 말하고 싶었습니다. 만일 내가 어느 것에든지 잘못이 있었다면 용서하여 주시기 바랍니다.


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Q: Wordpress Custom Search Filter I've can't seem to find a solution to this so I'm posting here.
Basically I'm trying to build a basic filter for property listings. All the property listings are just posts with custom fields. For example, one of the properties has these values in the custom fields:
custom field   value
------------   -----
area           150
rooms          4
bathrooms      2
garage         1
alfresco       1
study          1
theatre        1

My search form HTML looks like this:
<form method="get" id="advanced_search" action="<?php echo get_settings('home'); ?>/" >
        <fieldset>

           Rooms
           <select name="rooms">
                <option value="">Any</option>
                <option value="1">1</option>
                <option value="2">2</option>
                <option value="3">3</option>
                <option value="4">4</option>
                <option value="5">5</option>
                <option value="6">6</option>
                <option value="7">7</option>
           </select>

           Bathrooms
                <select name="bathrooms">
                    <option value="">Any</option>
                    <option value="1">1</option>
                    <option value="2">2</option>
                    <option value="3">3</option>
                </select>

           Garage
                <select name="garage">
                    <option value="">Any</option>
                    <option value="1">1</option>
                    <option value="2">2</option>
                </select>

           Area (square metres)
                <select name="garage">
                    <option value="">Any</option>
                    <option value="100">100</option>
                    <option value="150">150</option>
                    <option value="200">200</option>
                    <option value="250">250</option>
                </select>

           <input type="checkbox" name="theatre" value="1" />Home Theatre
           <input type="checkbox" name="study" value="1" />Study
           <input type="checkbox" name="alfresco" value="1" />Alfresco

            <input type="submit" id="submit" value="Search" />

        </fieldset>
    </form>

What I am wanting to do is let the user use this filter to only show posts on a search results page that match it.
There's a slight catch too: all these custom field represents a minimum value. So if they selected "200" from "Area", "1" from "Alfresco", then it needs to show all properties that are 200 and higher and have at least 1 Alfresco area.
And - I'd like to limit the search filter to just the category called "properties".
Not asking much? :-P
Any help would be appreciated.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Selena Gomez Talks Defending Justin Bieber: ''I'm Upset When He's Upset"
Fresh on the heels of releasing her new single, "The Heart Wants What the Heart Wants," Selena Gomez stopped by On Air with Ryan Seacrest to give a little more insight about the track.
"Everybody wants to form their own opinions anyway," she said when asked about her controversial relationship with Justin Bieber.
"I think the biggest problem I had this year—even with [Bieber] and on his side—is identity. I was trying to figure out what I'm doing, and that was the first time I was constantly being kicked down for doing that," she shared.
NEWS: What advice did Taylor Swift give Selena Gomez?
"When I didn't know, I just wanted to say, 'This is what I want, this is where I am in my professional life, things changed in my personal life, things changed in my heart—everything.' And yeah, I made some decisions that weren't great as well, and so did he and that's why we went through all that to only make us better."
She added that the Biebs saw the music video a year ago and "thought it was beautiful."
Another person close to Gomez previewed the track before anyone got the chance…her best friend Taylor Swift!
"She loved it. She's very dramatic and I love her so much," Gomez shared. "She came over to the house, and I played it. She had headphones in, and she watched the video, and then she just looked at me, then she looked back, and then played it three times over and over again. And I'm like, 'I want to know,' and she was like, 'Oh my God. This is amazing. I'm so excited for you.'"
And when grilled about whether or not she's on good terms (or even romantic terms) with her former bad boy boyfriend, she's chosen to take the high road.
"I support him. I think I always will. I'm upset when he's upset, I'm happy when he's happy. I don't want anything bad ever happen to him. It hurts me. That's all," the brunette beauty dished.
"I can't help but get a little emotional because I'm happy. I'm happy that I'm in this place now I think all of this has made me better, made me stronger."


It comes every year and it comes quickly. January. The beginning of the year. Another year. Full of possibilities, full of potential, full of challenges, full of the unexpected and the mundane, full of joys and sorrows. And the first month is already almost done.
In our house it coincides with Tim's seasonal unemployment, absolute below freezing cold weather and the approach to high school exam time. It can be difficult to lift my head up and go beyond survival mode. It's a time of both getting back to normal and getting used to a new normal.
In the spaces where I do take time at the beginning of the new year I evaluate what I'm doing and whether there are things I should do more of and things I should stop doing, get rid of or change. I don't do resolutions as it's a bit like putting myself under the law and setting myself up for failure, but I like to have goals – things to aim for. There are things I'd like to finish and things I'd like to start.
Some things are small like aiming not to get frustrated because everyone seems to be in the house when I want to sit down and write. I came across a book of advice for wannabe writers last week, entitled, 'Ignore everybody: and 39 other keys to creativity' by Hugh Macleod (I have yet to read the book so don't know what it's like, but I did like the title). In our house it's very hard to ignore everyone, and I've already got frustrated. I think Roald Dahl used to write in a little shed in the garden. I suppose we do have a treehouse, but I would get frozen to death up there at the moment. Coziness and writing go together, for me anyway.
Some things are big, or maybe big in my head. One of my mental self-evaluation questions was, 'Should I continue to post on my blog?' The answer? I'm writing now. Resolved.
Some things are bigger. Should I continue to campaign against injustice or is that someone else's job? After all, life is busy, surely I need to focus on my family. What difference can I make anyway? Who will miss my voice?
Then I realize these last ones aren't self-evaluation questions. These are doubts. The plain fact is that I know, and I can't go back to not knowing, about human trafficking and slavery, and I can't stand by while it goes on. When I buy clothes, chocolate or anything, I know that I could be exploiting someone else. In the rare times I stay in a hotel or motel, there could be victims of trafficking being abused in another room. In all likelihood there are victims of trafficking in my own city. I want to be educated and aware of what is going on both in my own country and all over the world, and to make people aware that there are things we can do to change the situation. This and other injustices can be stopped.
A good friend said to me today that she once had a t-shirt with the slogan, 'Refuse to do nothing'. I think that is my goal for 2015. I can't do everything, but I can do something, and doing nothing is not an option.


It's easy to assume that once you enlist the help of a real estate agent that you'll be able to rest easy and know that your San Francisco real estate sale will go smoothly. That's the main reason that an agent is often used – they're there to guide their clients through the hurdles that often stand in the way and through the confusing, complex process of selling a home.
But the sad reality of the situation is that it's still very possible for your real estate sale to fall apart suddenly. While your agent will want to do their part to help ensure that your sale happens, it's far more common than most people realize for deals to fall apart.
Sometimes, this is due to the actions of the agent. Other times, it's due to their inaction. And in some instances, it may just happen because of unforeseen circumstances that just can't be avoided. But no matter what the specific issue, the outcome is the same – the agent fails to get their commission, and you fail to make the sale you're counting on.
There are several reasons that your sale may fall to pieces without warning. Some of the main problems you may face include the following.
Agent Changes Their Fees – Sometimes, an agent may ask for more than the traditional 5% commission. This may even be part of the contract without you realizing it, and in some cases, it's enough to bring a sale to a halt.
Title Issues – This one can come out of nowhere. All of a sudden you discover that there are liens or restrictions that you weren't aware of. If your agent fails to do the research properly or at least guide you through checking the title, your transaction could falter quickly.
Failure At Negotiations – Good agents will work to get you to a contract that you can respect. But bad agents may be so poor at contract negotiation that they never even get you an agreement that works best for you.
Buyers Back Out – This happens more than you might think, most commonly once the inspection contingency occurs. It can scare off buyers or just make them second-guess everything, leaving you without the ability to close on your deal. And sometimes they just get cold feet without warning and leave you high and dry.
Buyers Can't Back Up Their Bid – Another common problem is the fact that many buyers – especially first-time buyers – don't really understand how the process of buying a house works. They make a bid and then suddenly realize that they can't back it up with actual finances.
The truth is there's only so much that you can do. The best option is to take the time and make sure that you turn to an agent that will work to get you your sale and that really understands what it takes to get results. With a little bit of research and the right ally on your side, the issues above hopefully won't happen to you.


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Christian History Corner
The Day the Ransoming Began
A gripping new book details the first American missionary hostage crisis, over 100 years ago
Chris Armstrong| May 1, 2003
On September 3, 1901, Macedonian guerillas captured an American missionary named Ellen Stone and her traveling companions and dragged them into the mountains of their Turkish-controlled Balkan province. From the moment during the abduction when the revolutionaries brutally killed a Muslim trader who wandered onto the scene, things looked bad for Miss Stone and her party.
This was the first time America found itself facing the capture and holding for ransom of an American missionary on foreign soil. It was the first time, but—as we are reminded by Martin and Gracia Burnham's tragic story—not the last, that American missionaries would pay the price of citizenship in a superpower. For it was not the gospel she brought but the perceived power and wealth of her nation that made Ellen a target.
We see this, and much else, with greater clarity in the account of the "Miss Stone Affair" recently published by Pulitzer prize-winning author Teresa Carpenter.
Carpenter's book, The Miss Stone Affair: America's First Modern Hostage Crisis (Simon & Schuster, 2003), tells how Stone, a Massachusetts-born descendent of Miles Standish who had dedicated her life to teaching the Bible to young women at schools in the Balkans, found herself caught up on that brisk fall day in 1901 in the region's political unrest.
Like the many other American missionaries who would experience a similar captivity, Stone was victimized by insurgents who believed the injustices they had faced justified using human lives as negotiating chits. And in becoming one of those chits, Stone found that what had before seemed a lonely pursuit of a divine calling had now brought her into the international spotlight.
As Miss Stone's captivity dragged on, she found herself—as would others after her—helplessly watching powerful factions wrestling over her very life. The story is far too complicated to tell here; and besides, I don't want to spoil Carpenter's compelling narrative. But the "usual suspects" and their motivations emerge early in the tale.
These include, of course, the thuggish captors exploiting, for political and economic gain, the publicity sparked by their deeds. They also include the government of the soil where the capture occurred—in this case, the Ottoman Turks—driven by their concern for law and order to pursue policies of force that endangered the lives of the captives.
They include, too, a missionary establishment afraid that any ransom, once publicized, would court an "open season" on American nationals spreading the gospel abroad. Indeed, in the Miss Stone Affair, missionaries in the field petitioned the American Board of Foreign Missions to reject the revolutionaries' demands and leave the captives to their fate, rather than to set such a dangerous precedent.
Here, too, we find the opportunistic media powers—the Pulitzers and Hearsts and McClures, doggedly pursuing and sometimes influencing the course of "The Story." Carpenter convincingly shows how these moguls engaged in their own parody of the hostage negotiations, seeking not the release of a captive, but the latest juicy details or, after the fact, the exclusive rights to the survivors' stories.
The American government, of course, was soon whirled into its own delicate dance of negotiation, caught between public opinion at home and diplomatic exigencies abroad. The famously macho president Theodore Roosevelt, unschooled in the egalitarian annals of Christian martyrdom, grumbled that women should not be trekking into harm's way and resisted any but a token American involvement. (His exact words were, "Women have no earthly business to go out as missionaries into these wild countries.")
When the tabloids of Pulitzer and Hearst made Miss Stone's plight a cause celebre, however, Roosevelt, though still insisting "of course the government has no power whatever to guarantee the payment of the ransom," began to consider sending warships to the area to cow the Turkish government into action. (He never did it.)
Finally, Carpenter allows us to peer back through the years at a gaping Victorian public. Ordinary Americans looked on as the details of their compatriots' ordeal unfolded—drawn magnetically by life-and-death negotiations charged with political, economic, and religious interest.
Banner headlines and appeals from Christian pulpits kept Stone's plight before this concerned public, and soon even children were emptying pennies from their piggy banks into collection plates. Unfortunately, the amounts raised through such appeals were published in the American papers, and the kidnappers, reading the figures, proved less and less motivated to release their captives any time soon.
Ellen Stone's ordeal ended as well as possible. Through complex political negotiations, the money was raised and delivered, and the captors, after several weeks' delay, released the missionary and her companions. (Reaching this point in Carpenter's masterful telling, I finally felt free to exhale.)
In the intervening years, not all such crises, of course, have ended so well. Today we still mourn with Gracia Burnham over the loss of her husband Martin. Whenever a new hostage situation grabs the headlines, we are cast back into the same web of conflicted interests and difficult decisions that Carpenter details so vividly in The Miss Stone Affair.
And the answers haven't gotten any easier.
Chris Armstrong is managing editor of Christian History magazine. More Christian history, including a list of events that occurred this week in the church's past, is available at ChristianHistory.net. Subscriptions to the quarterly print magazine are also available.
Copyright © 2003 Christianity Today. Click for reprint information.
Related Elsewhere:
Other stories appearing on our site today include:
Did Martin Die Needlessly? | Gracia Burnham believes her husband would be alive today if someone had paid the proper ransom—but mission agencies wonder how many other missionaries would have been kidnapped as a result.
Gracia Burnham: 'I Speak My Mind' | The former hostage talks openly about what she learned about God, her Muslim captors, and herself during her captivity.
Dogging the Story | Christian media can play a special role in cases like the kidnapping of the Burnhams.
Christian History Corner appears every Friday at ChristianityToday.com. Previous editions include:
When World Leaders Pray | Some observers are upset with Tony Blair's recent public avowal of faith. But what impact has Christianity really had on our leaders? (May 16, 2003)
Got Your 'Spiritual Director' Yet? | The roots of a resurgent practice, plus 14 books for further study. (May 2, 2003)
Missionary Tales from the Iraqi Front | The modern Anglican mission to Iraq met with initial success, but its story sounds a cautionary note. (April 25, 2003)
The Goodness of Good Friday | An unhappy celebration—isn't that an oxymoron? (Apr. 17, 2003)
Top Ten Entry Points to Christian History | Some enjoyable ways to get the most out of the work of church historians. (Apr. 11, 2003)
Top Ten 'Starter Books' | Get rooted in the Christian past with these riveting reads of primary sources. (Apr. 4, 2003)
Top Ten Reasons to Know Christian History | War reports deluge us every hour. Why should we read "old news?" (Mar. 28, 2003)
Saint J. R. R. the Evangelist | Tolkien wanted his Lord of the Rings to echo the "Lord of Lords"—but do we have ears to hear? (March 14, 2003)
Iraqi Christians' Path of Persecution | Not heresy hunters, nor Islamic purges, nor even Mongol hordes could wipe Christianity from Iraq. (March 7, 2003)
Heresy, Salvation, and Jack the Ripper | Why heresy trials will have to do, until something better comes along (Feb. 28, 2003)
Hajj, Feasts, and Pilgrimage | Why Muslims, Jews, and Christians still yearn for their holy places. (Feb. 21, 2003)
Play Me That Hot Puritan Love Song | A little-read book of the Bible reminds us of the astonishing intimacy we enjoy with Christ (Feb. 14, 2003)
Iraq's Christians Caught in the Middle, Again | If the looming war breaks out, 350,000 Iraqi Christians will be caught in a West-East conflict eerily similar to 4th-century events. (Feb. 7, 2003)
Finding God in a Box | Have archaeological discoveries like the James ossuary served or obscured the quest to verify the Bible? (Jan. 31, 2003)
Sex, Politics, and the Bible | Some words just don't mean what they used to (Jan. 24, 2003)
Caveat Gyrator (Elvis Priestly, Part II) | So you've got an evangelistic pop-culture act ready for prime time. Here's a historical pause for reflection. (Jan. 17, 2003)
More From: Chris Armstrong
Church & Pastoral Leadership
Go Ahead, Waste Your Time Reading
You won't remember most of it, but that was never the point.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


ROSH PINA, Israel, Dec. 2 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ – OTI announced today that it has entered into an agreement with a Chinese company, one of the providers selected by the Chinese Ministry of Public Security, to provide its contactless smart card technology for use in the China National ID project. OTI received an initial order for the engineering of the new products.
The China National ID project is planned to replace the laminated paper ID cards and manual checkpoints systems which have been utilized for the past 20 years and are currently being used by the residents of each province of the country.
Over 850 million people, who are at the age of 18 and over, are expected to use the new ID system through thousands of interfacing points. The new system with contactless platform will enable higher efficiency and reduce fraud and counterfeiting substantially.
Under the agreement, OTI will supply to the Chinese company its patented contactless microprocessor technology to enable production of contactless ID cards. A prototype is expected during 2003. The chip will be fully compatible with ISO 14443 standards for contactless transactions.
Established in 1990, OTI (On Track Innovations) designs and develops contactless microprocessor-based smart card technology to address the needs of a wide variety of markets. Applications developed by OTI include product solutions for mass transit, parking, gas management systems, loyalty schemes, ID and secure campuses. OTI has a global network of regional offices to market and support its products. The company was awarded the prestigious ESCAT Award for smart card innovation in both 1998 and 2000.
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the United States Securities laws. Such statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, such as market acceptance of new products and our ability to execute production on orders, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the statements included in this press release. Although OTI believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, it can give no assurance that its expectations will be achieved. OTI disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.


ROEY IN ISRAEL from Mutiny Bikes on Vimeo.
Uk Shredder Matt Roe took another trip out to Israel recently and to start the video off we get to see him demolish a concrete plant pot so he can ride some transition, as weird and crazy as that sounds, thats the kind of things that happen there all the time? he also rides a few other spots in Israel and takes some pretty huge slams too.


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Big Blue football continues 2021 preseason
BLUEFIELD, WV (WOAY) – Bluefield State football is roughly two weeks into its 2021 preseason activities, as they prepare for a first football game in more than 40 years.
Players first arrived on campus last week, and began classes for the 2021-22 school year on Thursday; there are still just over three weeks to go until Lawrence Tech comes to Mitchell Stadium for a noon kickoff September 4.
Head coach Tony Coaxum says while he is excited to be one day closer to kickoff, the players are primarily focused on improving themselves. With just a handful of players that bring previous college playing experience, it will be an adjustment for a young roster.
Coaxum also discusses the quick sequence of events over the last 12 months; it was last August that the school announced it would double its number of sports teams, including the return of football. Coaxum was announced as head coach in October.
Bluefield State has four home football games this fall, in addition to four road contests.


"Deutsche Fußball History 2012-2013" - is an application about Deutsche Fußball Bundesliga 2012-2013.
With the application "Deutsche Fußball History 2012-2013" you are able to get full information about the events in Deutsche Fußball Bundesliga 2012-2013.
Using "Deutsche Fußball History 2012-2013" you also get an immediate access to the Tournament table, Schedule, Teams, Events in Matches, News and Statistics.
The "Deutsche Fußball History 2012-2013" application makes possible to create Video of the season 2012-2013 on your device which may include more than 500 Video Reviews and 1000 Video Goals and Events.


This sponsored post includes affiliate links and I will receive compensation (at no additional cost to you) if you make a purchase. Click here to read my disclosure.
If you've been reading my blog recently, you know that I'm all for automating aspects of your business to free up some time in your crazy, hectic schedule — Especially, if you still work full time and you run a business and/or blog on the side (get that hustle on, girl!). Automating content has been an absolute lifesaver and Tailwind has become my number one go-to application since I practically live on Pinterest these days.
We all know I love Tailwind and why I love using it to drive traffic to my blog. And, to make my love for it grow even more, Tailwind just introduced the Hashtag Finder tool and automation for Instagram.
Let me just be blunt and say that this tool is EPIC and a huge time saver for me when it comes to deciding on hashtags for my posts.
I recently relaunched my virtual services business, Cobalt Virtual Services, and used Tailwind and the Hashtag Finder tool to get pre-scheduled content out, ultimately reach the right audience, and help me gain followers fast! The scheduler itself is just like the Pinterest scheduling tool except it has a section for suggested hashtags. These hashtags are related to the written content in your comment section and are suggested in Niche, Good, Best, and Competitive categories. Obviously, you would want to use the "Best" hashtags, but using the Niche and Competitive hashtags have been very beneficial for my new Instagram and has been really successful in helping other business owners, virtual assistants, and consultants find me!
To make you save even more time, Tailwind introduced the Hashtag Lists feature where you can pre-determine a list of hashtags for your photos. It's very similar to the Board List feature and is great if you don't want to think about what specific hashtags to use time and time again. You can save them in your lists and use them whenever! Having lists also helps me switch up my hashtags for certain photos so I don't get flagged for using the same ones over and over again. I used to have saved hashtag lists in my Text Replacement feature on my iPhone… It was great, but I could never remember what I used as the trigger for each list to auto-populate and would waste so much time looking for it. Plus, it wouldn't translate over to my MacBook. However, within Tailwind, the Hashtag Finder lists feature stays within the app and can be accessed anywhere!
Clearly, you know I'm a huge fan of Tailwind and they just keep blowing my mind with new services and features. Honestly, Tailwind has been a complete game changer for myself, my blog, and my virtual services business that I couldn't imagine using anything else!
I hope you consider my advice and sign up for Tailwind ASAP! It's completely free to try, you and I both will get a free month, and I think you'll absolutely love it!
Want to learn more about how I use Tailwind for my blog? Click here to find out more.
Nov 18 Why Isn't Your Blog Making Money?


I'm clearly not done talking about the Star Wars expanded universe (RIP), and io9 rounds up the ten best and twelve worst stories from the sprawling world.
io9 also spells out, in no uncertain terms, why we care so much about what women superheroes are wearing.
Speaking of women superheroes, the BetterSupes Tumblr illustrates little girls' superhero costumes, and the results are infinitely more creative than what big cartoon/comic book creators come up with.
Over at Quirk Books I wrote about science fiction poetry. Because that is just how I roll.
The Mary Sue has a two part piece on the queer history of comics, and it's worth a look.


My boss is in Italy right now. A friend from college just got off the phone with me, telling me about all of the cheap flight airfares she just bought to Scotland, and Spain. She'll be in Europe for six weeks. "Should I go to Morocco, or Portugal next?" she asks me. "We were supposed to go to Portugal together once," I think, though not bitterly and not with regret.
I look out my window and see a blanket of grey, and white. It's snowing outside, big plops of snowflakes coming down from a heavy sky sideways. The tree branches are still bare and whatever green sprung to life is now covered and drooping.
Another friend lights up my phone with pictures of fields of daffodils in London and canals in Germany. He brings me back a little key chain from Amsterdam, a wooden shoe. I smile because it is more than I brought home with me even though I was there, too.
I listen knowingly while he tells tales of smoking in little cafes in Amsterdam and riding the train to Hamburg.
"You'll love Rome, especially at night," I tell my boss.
I eagerly offer advice and wish them well because I get it. The ecstatic feeling of being anywhere but here. The thrill of the journey and the planning and the unknown. Coming home with a glow of memories and photographs and new tastes still fresh on your tongue.
But I don't want it. I don't feel jealous, or left out. It's been a little over two years since I've been abroad and I'm not even tempted to spend my lunch break looking up cheap flight airfares, even though I have been contemplating the beauty of places like Ireland and Hawaii and maybe, I don't know.
The truth is, I'm kind of worried that I'm cured of the travel bug. Shouldn't I be feeling more restless? Or curious? Or intrigued, or all of the things I felt before?
And the thing is, it's not exactly like my life is perfect now. The last six weeks have been high intensity in all of the good and stressful and anxiety ridden ways. Things are a little unsteady, a little uncertain in most areas of my life. The snow outside seems to be in cahoots with how I feel on the inside….like Spring should've arrived by now but I'm still in a bit of a winter-y funk.
All of this should be fodder for me to…want to run away. Or book a flight to…anywhere. Or at least plan a method of escape so that I can look forward to getting away while trudging through the daily grind.
But I don't have any of those instincts.
I don't want to run. Or feel like I need to. In fact, I've never wanted to stay more than I do now. In spite of the hard stuff. And the struggles and…just life.
When I read back through my travel journals, they are filled with vivid sights and sounds. I can feel the emotion of that hot, stiff afternoon sitting in an open cafe in Ghana, flies buzzing around and women selling fried plantain chips from woven baskets on their head. I can smell the crisp, clean cold of a Fall on the heels of a Summer spent in France and taste the crusty end of a baguette on my tongue with the crumbs still sticking to my lips. I remember the exhaustion and the colors and the wondering.
I read the longing between every line.
And so it is. The city names change, but the longing never does. With each page, it shows up. A whisper, a shout, a cry.
I don't really know what's changed, to be honest. Maybe time, maybe me. Maybe I had to chase myself all around the world to finally find myself exactly where I am. And to be okay with that.
There's still longing. There's still some restlessness and nights when thoughts go around like a carousel. There's still grief, and sorrow. But mostly, I don't want to be anywhere else. Even if Spring refuses to come.
Because there are muddy paws on the kitchen floor, and it's mine. Jazz plays in the background and upstairs a new roommate is putting a fresh coat of paint on the walls. There are cookies in the oven and it smells like melted butter and mulled wine, and Christmas. In April, no less.
And this is it. This is all I wanted for so long.
I don't really think I'm cured of the travel bug. But maybe something else. And I'm not sure what that might be, but I think the antidote is contentment. And I'm drinking it daily.
When the time is right to travel again, I'll know. And maybe there will be less running and more seeking. And maybe, not. Either way, it will be okay. It always is.


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UK mobile users can now send a text to reduce nuisance calls
The Telephone Preference Service (TPS) and Ofcom have introduced a new text message service that lets UK mobile users opt out of receiving unsolicited sales and marketing calls.
Mobile phone users can simply text 'TPS' and their email address to 78070. (Most users will have a standard text message deducted from their 'bundle', although some may be charged a standard message rate.) Their mobile number will then be added to the UK's official 'do not call' database, leading to a reduction in unwanted calls.
It is illegal for organisations to make unsolicited sales and marketing calls to any telephone number that's been registered with the TPS unless the owner has given their consent. Earlier this year a company was fined £350,000 for making unsolicited calls about PPI claims.
John Mitchison, Head of the Telephone Preference Service, said "Rogue callers operate illegally and against the interests of ordinary people. Texting will make it easier for people to register their mobile numbers on the TPS, which is the only official no-call list, and help us stamp out rogue callers once and for all by giving the Information Commissioner more ammunition to prosecute these cases."
[Ofcom guide for consumers]
Categories: Networks and operators, NewsNumber of views: 37478
Tags: uk voice sms legal ofcom fixed-line ico privacy tps
James Rosewell offers his opinion on the current state of mobile and contactless payments.
The banking and mobile industries have big plans for Near Field Communication (NFC) as the mobile payment mechanism of the future. Barclaycard has been leading the way from the credit card sector forming a partnership with Orange, having previously worked with O2, and running a catchy TV advert prompting contactless cards using VISA's paywave system.
However the reality of NFC payments appears a lot further away. The Point of Sale (POS) technology appears to be badly deployed by some of the first-phase retailers mainly made up of low-value high-volume businesses like coffee shops, fast food outlets and newsagents.
Insecure Mobile Browsers
James Rosewell writes: I note with interest Barclays mobile on-line banking home page extolling the safety of mobile banking whilst claiming it's as secure as their non-mobile equivalent. This is on the same page that recommends customers use Opera Mini to access Barclays mobile on-line banking.
Yet following the link to the operamini.com web site and looking at the help section we can read Opera's answer to the question "Is there any end-to-end security between my handset and — for example — paypal.com or my bank?" and the answer is "No. If you need full end-to-end encryption, you should use a full Web browser such as Opera Mobile."
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Reviewing our 2015 mobile industry predictions... and looking forward to 2016
Podcast - 15th January 2016
Iain Graham, James Rosewell and Mark Bridge return to review their mobile industry predictions from last year. Which mergers, partnerships and developments did they forecast correctly... and which didn't work out as planned?
Later in the programme, the team anticipates some of the topics that will be hitting the headlines during 2016.
Podcast from Mobile World Congress 2015
Podcast - 6th March 2015
Mark Bridge learns about the mobile technology trends at Mobile World Congress 2015 by chatting to James Rosewell of 51Degrees, Dr Kevin Curran from the IEEE and Chris Millington of Doro.
They talk about wearable devices, wireless charging, mobile operating systems and much more... including some of their favourite products from the exhibition.
Looking back at February: from security scares to multiple MVNOs
Podcast - 27th February 2015
We're taking a look back at the biggest mobile industry news stories from February 2015, including allegations that the UK's security service tried to breach SIM card security by hacking into one of the world's biggest SIM producers.
We also talk about the planned BT and EE merger, the creation of two new UK virtual networks, some acquisitions in the mobile payment arena and a new Ubuntu smartphone.
Interview with Chris Millington of Doro about mobile retailing, wearables and technology for older consumers
In today's programme Mark Bridge talks to Chris Millington, who's Managing Director for Doro UK and Ireland.
They discuss the state of mobile retailing in the UK, the future of wearable devices and - as you might expect - smartphones for seniors.
A month of mobile: O2 counts on 3, Microsoft counts to 10 and Apple counts its profits
We're back with a month of mobile industry news, including takeover talks and takeover rumours. O2 and Three are said to be discussing a merger... but is there any truth in the suggestions that BlackBerry could be up for grabs?
We also discuss Apple's record-breaking quarterly figures, the highlights of CES and the launch of Microsoft Windows 10, as well as saying farewell to the current version of Google Glass.


Price of proposal covers; all materials, ventilation, daily cleanup, warranties.
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Yeah! Wait this is the old one. Where's the 2016 one?
I just happened to come across Petty's lists of winners for 2012 and 2013 while recovering the old Daily Purist back issues and so put them here since the broken images had bothered me before.
I would be delighted to have another awards ceremony no matter what the scale of it, if you feel up to doing so Petty. Not having it until January or even February wouldn't be even weird IMO since that's the height of movie awards season.
It'd be fun to get to vote on more recent Creative Corner awards especially.
Yeah, the 2014. The dress I chose for the ceremony has come back in fashion seven times.
Perhaps the results burned up in that fire.


Lahaina Fudge Company | Small Fudge Shop Location | Calico Cottage, Inc.
There couldn't be any better proof that size doesn't matter than Lahaina Fudge Co. – a miniscule shop located a few feet from the Pacific Ocean on the island of Maui. In less than a year, a father and son who had never made a piece of fudge have created a successful business with a laid-back Hawaiian vibe.


MY JESUS AND ME - Written by a Christian Lady... Do enjoy reading this poem… Send it to a friend… "Christian Poem"
every breath, at Your command.
my only wish is to be like You.
make me strong, when I am weak.
I long to see You, face to face.
a blessed reunion, my Jesus and me.


Syrah 'Maroccoli' by Planeta comes from an extraordinary vineyard - Maroccoli about 400 mt s.l.m. in an uncontaminated place - interpretation of Syrah, noble Mediterranean vine, in a modern key and respectful of the characteristics of the vine. Matures 12 months in Allier oak barriques. Imposing and impenetrable, it is a wine destined for long aging.
THE WINE Syrah 'Maroccoli' by Planeta comes from an extraordinary vineyard - Maroccoli about 400 mt s.l.m. in an uncontaminated place - interpretation of Syrah, noble Mediterranean vine, in a modern key and respectful of the characteristics of the vine. Matures 12 months in Allier oak barriques. Imposing and impenetrable, it is a wine destined for long aging. THE COMPANY Established in 1995, Planeta is a Sicilian wine producer built on a long agricultural tradition handed down since 1500 through 17 generations in the area between Sambuca di Sicilia and Menfi. Today Planeta represents not just one, but six ways of developing the territory, in six different settings. There are, in fact, six Planeta wine producing estates, each one with a specific research and development project. Ulmo, at Sambuca di Sicilia, Dispensa, at Menfi; Dorilli, at Victoria; Buonivini at Noto, Feudo di Mezzo at Etna in Castiglione di Sicilia, and finally, La Baronia, at Capo Milazzo. These are the Planeta locations, comprising a total surface area of 363 hectares of vineyards. Through its family properties, Planeta can conduct a virtual journey around Sicily and its greatest wines. The stages are up-to-date and innovative yet consistent with a historical and ritualistic interpretation that elsewhere has almost been forgotten. Planeta's project calls for patient and meticulous research, never hurried, and looks just as much to the past as to the future. On the one hand, a deep bond with the oldest wine-making Sicilian tradition, with its heritage of native varieties: Grecanico, Carricante, Moscato di Noto, Frappato, Nerello Mascalese and Nero d'Avola. On the other, the arena in which the greatest producers of the five continents are appraised for Chardonnay, Syrah, Merlot, Cabernet: magnificent classics of international enology interpreted by a territory which puts its unmistakable mark on them. It is paramount to remember the most inspired and visionary varietal experimentation: it has resulted in obtaining for the first time in Sicily a Fiano with truly revolutionary features. And then,that unique green gold, the Planetas' other passion: extra virgin olive oil produced in the natural oasis of Capparrina, near the beaches of Menfi. The company's activity has one absolutely essential point of reference: environmental sustainability, achieved through landscape conservation, renewable energy, recycled materials and sustainable agriculture, with the utmost respect for the territory, cultural heritage and the communities within which the company operates. Alessio, Francesca and Santi Planeta gave life to this project, but behind them they have the whole family, rooted in the reality of Sicilian agriculture for generations, beginning with Diego Planeta, considered the leading figure in the rebirth of the Sicilian wine industry in the last forty years. A brand, a family that has aimed at ambitious goals, following the lode-star of quality.
Tasting Color: intense ruby red tending to purple. Bouquet: aromatic faceted and intriguing, spices melted with red fruit jams, mint chocolate, black pepper and cinnamon. Taste: enveloping, rich and soft, with smooth tannins.


Coconut, brown rice syrup, bananas and cacao instantly transports you to a tropical state of deliciousness.
Chewy awesomeness and 100% organic ingredients.
Low temperature dehydrated for a short session in the dehydrator makes for a great texture.
They make a great snack, or use to top your muesli in the morning or dairy-free ice cream for dessert.
Organic shredded coconut, organic brown rice syrup, organic bananas, organic cacao powder, organic cacao nibs, and organic vanilla.


"Wistful but buoyant. Yes, it is unabashedly starry-eyed." Kevin Bronson and BuzzBands.LA shares "Color The Stars" from Dream System 8's debut album We Sleep Again, out via Minty Fresh on Feb. 23rd.
The "dreamy" new single from the upcoming debut album by Dream System 8 is "It's All Happening," happening now at Magnetic Magazine. This one was written by Erica Elektra (Hearts of Palm UK), one half of the vintage synth-having duo also featuring multiple Emmy® winner David Klotz (Music Editor of Stranger Things, Game of Thrones, American Horror Story, and more.) Debut album We Sleep Again is out 2/23 from Minty Fresh. Single hits streaming services tomorrow RIYL: Vangelis, The Human League, TANGERINE DREAM, Duran Duran.
Another single (and interview) from Dream System 8 has just premiered over at EARMILK. Erica Elektra's UK pronunciation of "mobile" on this tune earns her Fanatic's undying praise, and now everyone gets to hear it. Look for "Shine A Little Light" where all songs are streamed this Friday. Album coming from Minty Fresh in early 2018.
Dave Klotz and Erica Elektra of The Dream System spent some time time chatting with Billboard about the music video for the duo's new single "Losing All of You," as well as Dave's experiences working on the hit Netflix show "Stranger Things."
"While synthesizers form the core of The Dream System's unique electronic pop sound, the song is elevated to a higher plane by its ethereal female vocals," says Matt Matasci at mxdwn in his premiere piece on the duo's "Losing All of You" debut single.


Includes 8.30am Mount Gambier to Heywood Convoy, with proceeds donated to Australian Breast Cancer Foundation. Truck & Ute Show at North Bank, Heywood Recreational Reserve presented by Heywood Wood, Wine & Roses Festival. Family fun day featuring street parade, tractor pull, trade, market and food stalls, and kids sideshow rides. Live music with Robbie Williams Tribute Show, Mik Maks, Lily and the Drum, Still Krazy and much more. Plus grand unveiling of the South West Road Transport Wall of Legends at midday.
For convoy info phone Badsy on 0412 798 664 or Simone on 0488 231 131. For show info phone Lindy on 0428 271 445 or Ben on 0478 037 423, or see the event's Facebook page.


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Round the Rock
Grady Buddies
Grady Families
Grady Guests
Submit Your Grady Life Photos
Send us photos of your Great Grady Days!
Ryan Mace, 16, of Brigantine, New Jersey has been living the Grady Life on the Jersey Shore. Ryan, left, and Steven Hogan, right, enjoy boating on the "Jenny Lynne". He knows this 1990 25' Dolphin boat inside and out, like the back of his hand. His childhood summers were based on fishing and fishing some more and he believes Grady-White makes the best boats ever! "They take a beating out on open water like no other boat!"
John Mann of Duxbury, MA is enjoying his Classic Grady Lady, a 1979 Grady-White Dolphin, "As We Like It II."
Living in a Grady World - Larry Bucklin of University Place, WA is a proud Grady owner and tends to notice other Gradys when traveling, including Lahaina, Maui and Sitka, Alaska. He was pleasantly surprised in early April 2006 to be on a short stop on the Greek Island of Mykonos where he took this picture.
Beautiful boats in beautiful places - Scott & Michele Yetman of Newcastle, WA shared this picture of two Grady's moored across from their boat in Elliot Bay with Mt. Rainier in the background.
Memorable Boat Ride! - Britni McKenzie Matyasi and Frank Matyasi were married on June 3, 2006 at First United Methodist Church in Sarasota, FL and made their grand entrance at the reception by arriving via boat. Roy and Gail McKenzie's 2005 Bimini 306 "Buggs" was their transportation to the reception. Britni and Frank have been boaters all their lives, and thought their entrance on the bride's parents Bimini was ever so fitting.
Mike and Diane Charnosky of Annapolis, MD shared this picture of "Bluefin," a 2003 Marlin 300. Dianne is watching over her in the middle of town, called "ego alley" in December 2005.
Walter Wagner has been boating on the West coast of Florida for over 30 years and holds a 100 ton Masters License. Two years ago, he purchased an Express 265 and developed an instant love affair while driving it home from Sarasota. They named her Gulf Lady and she is now the Queen of Flotilla 75, United States Coast Guard Auxiliary, Ruskin, FL. She works with the Coast Guard and Homeland Security in supplementing patrols of Port Tampa, and recreational boating safety in Tampa Bay. This photo was taken at a Blessing of The Fleet Ceremony including Coast Guard and Coast Guard Auxiliary Boats at the Coast Guard Station, St. Petersburg, FL over Memorial Day weekend.
Jose Martinez shared this photo of the "Salitre" a Sailfish 272 (left) and "Olympia" a Marlin 300 (center) from their annual trip to Mona Island. The photo is the sunset at Mona Island, a natural reserve at the west coast of Puerto Rico, between The Dominican republic and Puerto Rico. Only Gradys are able to pass with security and confidence because the Mona Passage is well known to be a rough sea in any moment. Sammy Ramirez is the owner of Salitre and Jose Martinez of Olympia and they are proud owners of Grady-White quality boats.
Cap'n Jim LeTourneau of North Andover, MA and his Grady Buddy Sadie love cruising the waters off of the coast of Rockport, MA. They just love their Adventure 208 from Baert Marine in Danvers, MA!
Michael and Maria Santulli of Staten Island, NY enjoyed a dinner cruise to "Windansea" in The Atlantic Highlands near Sandy Hook, NJ aboard their Grady-White Sailfish 282 "Bella Vita III."
Maria Santulli is at the helm of she and husband Michael's Grady-White Sailfish 282. According to Michael, this is one of Maria's favorite things to do!
Michael Santulli of Staten Island, NY is pictured here doing what he loves best... relaxing on his Sailfish 282, "Bella Vita III."


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PRESS RELEASE: On Mining and Investments - Green Thumb Coalition
Investors who play by the rules, do not destroy the environment, and put the common good alongside their business interest have no reason to worry about investing in the Philippine mining industry, a broad coalition of environmentalist groups said yesterday.
Reacting to the claim by an official of the Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry that the strong regulatory stance of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources is "sending the wrong signals" to investors, the Green Thumb Coalition said only mining companies who have no regard for the environment and people's welfare will not find it worth investing in a country that takes care of its ecological balance and its people.
"The implementation of regulations are not the problem in this issue, but rather these regulations have long been in place precisely in response to the destruction of our country's environment and the livelihood of the people," said Gerry Arances of the Center for Energy, Ecology and Development (CEED), one of the conveners of the GTC.
"A strong and strict execution of prevailing laws will only strike fear among those corporations which aim to cut costs by disregarding the welfare of affected communities and the country as a whole," he added. "If investors make sure that the companies they fund follow the rules, they have nothing to be afraid of. Rather, they should be glad that the playing field is being changed for the benefit of better investment prospects which do not sacrifice sustainability and rights for the sake of profit."
The GTC said mining has not been a significant contributor to economic development and jobs generation, contributing less than one percent to employment—and mostly contractual, seasonal, non-permanent jobs.
On the other hand, the local mining industry basically exports raw ore to fuel the industrial needs of developed countries. "There is little national economic benefit from investments in mining, yet the costs to environment, and the hazards they pose are tremendous," said Tina Pimentel of Bantay Kita, a member NGO of the Green Thumb Coalition.
The GTC said responsible businessmen and investors should, in fact, support the DENR in its effort to make mining companies obey the rules because, in the end, it is the image of the business community, and that of the good and responsible businessmen that are destroyed.
Said the GTC: "Assuming without granting that the country's image to overseas investors is 'destroyed' as alleged by Jose Leviste, co-chairman of the PCCI committee on mining, we'd rather have our image than our environment destroyed by irresponsible mining investors. It would be far easier to repair our image than our environment. It is also less costly."
"What is a good public image for if it leaves us with a destroyed environment that endangers the lives, health and food security of our people?" Leonora Lava of Greenpeace Philippines, a GTC member organization as well, added.
PRESS RELEASE: Greater mining sector transparency pushed
Siquijor Representative Ramon "Rav" Rocamora called for the early deliberation and passage of House Bill No. 4116 or the Philippine Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (PH-EITI) Law which will mandate companies involved in mining, oil, gas and coal industries to undergo regular auditing and review. According to Rocamora the law will allow the public to see the full picture on how mining resources are used and whether mining activities are benefitting the local communities, and its impact.
"The EITI already exists as a voluntary mechanism for mining firms to take part in. What we want to do is to make it mandatory to ensure that the public is informed of the effects of mining with accurate data," according to Rocamora.
"With this kind of mechanism, we can immediately avert any potential deleterious effect that a mining operation will have on the environment and the local community," he added.
Under the law, a multi-stakeholder group composed of representatives from government agencies (including one each from both Houses of Congress), 5 representatives from the extractive industries, 5 representatives from the Civil Society Organizations, and one representative from the Indigenous People's sector will be in charge of the PH-EITI. There will be regional and provincial formation of the EITI where mining companies operate.
"As much as possible, we want a balanced and well represented body to lead this initiative. This is to prevent any possible conflict of interest and ensure a broad support for this undertaking," Rocamora stressed.
The PH-EITI Law also requires an annual report which will cover the revenue generated from the extractive industries such as payment to the national government and local government units. It will also include public disclosure of all concessions, contracts, and agreements and joint ventures entered into by the government. It will also include a CSO assessment of the EITI process itself.
"If enacted, this will help current efforts by the government led by the DENR in monitoring mining companies to ensure that they do not harm the environment and that communities really benefit from their operations. Moreover, it will lead to greater citizen's participation and involvement in government mining policy because they will have a complete picture of the how a particular company operates," Rocamora added.
Bantay Kita launches data portal; holds open data workshops
As part of its commitment to the Publish What You Pay (PWYP) international Data Extractors Program, Bantay Kita (BK) has soft launched its "Demanding for Action, Transparency, and Accountability (DATA) Portal" in Cebu City last July 13 during the Open Government Partnership CSO participation capacity building.
The DATA Portal was developed by BK's research and communications officer drawing from his background in open data and transparency initiatives. The portal, as he describes it, is aimed at becoming a one-stop shop for data on mining, oil and gas industries for civil society organizations in the Philippines.
The portal currently hosts information on mining tenements, data visualizations on minerals extracted per province and also project level data which were sourced from Philippine Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (PH-EITI) reports. More data will be added as soon as they are cleaned and made available.
To generate demand for the portal, BK has been conducting open data workshops around the Philippines to gather feedback using the "data user story template" which is a simple tool used to gauge data needs of BK's CSO members. The tools asks workshop participants what advocacy they are working on; who their decision maker or audience is; and what data they would need to arrive at the outcome they are working on. This ensures that data in the portal is not just specific to communities but also relevant to their respective advocacies and needs as a community.
The portal and its approach was recently presented in Madrid, Spain during the International Open Data Conference.
For more info about the DATA Portal, go to: www.data.bantaykita.ph or read this blog about the portal.
Green Thumb holds People's Summit for the Environment
An environmental summit dubbed as "People's Summit for the Environment" was organized by the Green Thumb Coalition (GTC), of which Bantay Kita is a part of, last October 11, 2016 at the College of Saint Benilde.
The said forum was aimed for its attendees to understand the current state of the country's environment; assess government efforts geared towards its protection; and unite around immediate and strategic calls, demands and actions.
The event was attended by National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) Secretary Ernesto Pernia and Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Secretary Regina Paz Lopez, and other GTC members.
DENR Secretary Lopez presented the agency's plan on shifting from a regulatory agency to a development arm of government. She shared to the audience that they are now looking at areas for development while ensuring community engagement from planning stage to implementation and also injecting development and entrepreneurial skills. She also shared that DENR will be providing funds for the implementation of these projects.
DENR has established a special arm within the department specifically to ensure collaboration between the department and civil society organizations. This is to provide a platform for engagement in implementing development projects from start to end.
BK supports public forum on FOI
A public forum on the Freedom of Information (FOI) Executive Order (EO) of the Duterte Administration was held last October 7 in the Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement building attended by FOI advocates.
The event served as an avenue for FOI advocates to share with government agency executives their assessment of what has been done on FOI in the first 100 days of the new administration and what balance of work remains.
Department of Environment and Natural Resources Secretary Regina Lopez attended the initiative reiterating the department's support to the FOI. She mentioned that the DENR has always been conscious of the need to share information to stakeholders. She said that DENR will disclose as much information as allowed as long as it does not infringe on threats to privacy and national security.
The DENR commits to have the manual ready by the end of the year.
Bantay Kita (BK) is a member of the Right to Know Right Now Coalition, a coalition of 160 member organizations advocating for freedom of information in the Philippines. BK is the coalition's lead organization for DENR.