text:
Modena (racing team)
Modena (disambiguation)
Modena pigeon
Roman Italy
Modena (Italian: [ˈmɔːdena]; Etruscan: Mutna; Latin: Mutina; Modenese: Mòdna) is a city and comune (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy.
An ancient town, and seat of an archbishop, it is now known as "the capital of engines", since the factories of the famous Italian sports car makers Ferrari, De Tomaso, Lamborghini, Pagani and Maserati are, or were, located here and all, except Lamborghini, have headquarters in the city or nearby. One of Ferrari's cars, the 360 Modena, was named after the town itself.
The University of Modena, founded in 1175 and expanded by Francesco II d'Este in 1686, has traditional strengths in economics, medicine and law and is the second oldest athenaeum in Italy. Italian military officers are trained at the Military Academy of Modena, and partly housed in the Baroque Ducal Palace. The Biblioteca Estense houses historical volumes and 3,000 manuscripts. The Cathedral of Modena, the Torre della Ghirlandina and Piazza Grande are a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Modena
Modena Team SpA was a Formula One team from Italy that contested a single season in 1991. The team had a rather confused history, and is often referred to as the "Lambo" or Lamborghini team because of its connections to the Italian automotive manufacturer. It competed in 16 World Championship Grands Prix (6 starts) but scored no Championship points. Its best result was seventh in the 1991 United States Grand Prix.
The team first emerged as GLAS in early 1990. It was to be financed by wealthy Mexican businessman Fernando Gonzalez Luna, who was reported to be investing around $20 million in the team, and it was to be run by former Italian journalist Leopoldo Canettoli. The young team had approached Italian sportscar manufacturer Lamborghini, to not only supply them with their latest V12 Formula One engines, but to also design and build the chassis. Lamborghini had established a Formula One specific division in 1988, — Lamborghini Engineering — to oversee their burgeoning Formula One programme and they entered the sport in 1989 as an engine supplier. 1991 would be the firm's first attempt at designing and building a Formula One car. Former Alfa Romeo and Spirit driver Mauro Baldi was proposed as a part-backer and driver for the team.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Modena_(racing_team)
Modena can mean several things, including:
Duchy of Modena and Reggio
El Modena, California
Modena, Missouri
Modena, Pennsylvania
Modena, Utah
Modena, Wisconsin, a town
Modena (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
Province of Modena, Italy
Ferrari 360 Modena, a model of the Ferrari 360
Modenas, a Malaysian motorcycle company
Modena F.C., a football club in Modena, Italy
Modena (racing team), a Formula One team from Modena, Italy
Duomo di Modena, a cathedral in Modena, Italy
Palais Modena, a palace in Vienna, Austria
Mary of Modena, the queen consort of King James II of England and VII of Scotland
Leon of Modena (1571–1648), a Jewish scholar
Stefano Modena, a former Formula One driver from Italy
Wiligelmus, Gulielmo da Modena, or Guglielmo da Modena (1099?–1120), an Italian sculptor
William of Modena, Bishop of Modena in 1221
List of Dukes of Ferrara and of Modena
Modena (pigeon), a breed of domestic pigeon
Modena, Biblioteca Estense, Gr. I, a late tenth century illuminated Byzantine Gospel Book
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Modena_(disambiguation)
The Modena is a breed of fancy pigeon developed over many years of selective breeding. Modenas along with other varieties of domesticated pigeons are all descendants from the rock pigeon (Columba livia).
The breed comes in many different colors in two main varieties, Gazzi and Schietti. Gazzi is a pied marking with the head and portion of the throat, the wings and the tail colored and the rest of the bird being white. Schietti's are non-pied.
The breed is of Italian origin and derives its name from the city of Modena where it was first bred centuries ago.
German Modena
List of pigeon breeds
National Modena Club
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Modena_pigeon
Coordinates: 43°N 12°E / 43°N 12°E / 43; 12
Italy ( i/ˈɪtəli/; Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica Italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Italy covers an area of 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and has a largely Mediterranean and temperate climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as lo Stivale (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the 4th most populous EU member state. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City.
Since ancient times, Greeks, Etruscans and Celts have inhabited the south, centre and north of the Italian Peninsula respectively. Rome ultimately emerged as the dominant power, conquering much of the ancient world and becoming the leading cultural, political, and religious centre of Western civilisation. The legacy of the Roman Empire is widespread and can be observed in the global distribution of civilian law, Republican governments, Christianity and the latin script.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Italy
Roman Italy was created officially by the Roman Emperor Augustus with the Latin name Italia. It was the first time in history that the Italian peninsula (from the Alps to the Ionian Sea) was united under the same name. In the year 292, the three islands of Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily were added to Roman Italy by Emperor Diocletianus.
Italy (Italia in Latin and Italian) was the name of the administrative division of the Italian peninsula during the Roman era. It was not a province, but became the territory of the city of Rome, thus having a special status. Following the end of the Social War (91–88 BC), Rome had allowed its Italian allies (socii) full rights in Roman society and granted the Roman citizenship to all the Italic peoples.
After having been for centuries the heart of the Empire, from the 3rd century the government and the cultural center began to move eastward: first the Edict of Caracalla in 212 AD extended Roman citizenship to all free men within the imperial boundaries, then during Constantine's reign (306–337) the seat of the Empire was moved to Constantinople in 330 AD.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Roman_Italy
40 Trance Anthems released: 2008
40 Trance Anthems
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Time Is the Healer (Armin Van Buuren remix)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Dust.Wav (Armin Van Buuren's Rising Star mix)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Playmo (1st Play)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Solid State (radio edit)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Second Turn (radio edit)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Till We Meet Again (Galen Behr mix)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen My X Perience (Moonman mix)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Force of Habit (Armin Van Buuren's Rising Star mix)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen We Feel (Astatic mix)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Resonator (Cor Fijneman remix)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Wicked Waves
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Mighty Ducks (radio edit)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen One Tear Away (radio edit)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Carabella (Galen Behr vs. Ørjan Nilsen radio edit)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Energy Reflect
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Arctic Globe (radio edit)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Constellation (John O'Callaghan remix)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Frostbite (Fred Baker remix)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Second Thoughts (Octagen mix)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Sunset Highway (Mark Norman remix)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Neon Eyes (Scott Mac remix)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Fight Club
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Adamentica
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Eye of the Storm
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Manjula
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Turnmills
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Desert Rose
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Outstanding
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Live Together (Laylab vs. Reloop)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Magic Love (Dave Holmes mix)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Holding On (Armin Van Buuren's Rising Star edit)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Liquidation (Marco V remix)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Emotional Overload (Octagen 80 Outlet mix)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Ready 4 Life (Riley and Durrant mix)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Nightshift (Re:Locate remix)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Temple of Dreams (Pedro Del Mar vs. DJ Shah's UK dub)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Love Planet
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Do You Think (dub mix)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Polarity (Hemstock & Jennings remix)
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Boomblasta (Leon Bolier vs. Joop remix)
a1teamitaly.com
audiorecognizer.net
bigsuroceanside.com
Sudden Impact!, Big Audio Dynamite
I Can't Go On Like This, Big Audio Dynamite
This Is Big Audio Dynamite, Big Audio Dynamite
I Turned Out A Punk, Big Audio Dynamite
James Brown, Big Audio Dynamite
Union Jack, Big Audio Dynamite
Tighten Up Vol. '88, Big Audio Dynamite
Ticket, Big Audio Dynamite
The Green Lady, Big Audio Dynamite
Sambadrome, Big Audio Dynamite
V. Thirteen, Big Audio Dynamite
Limbo The Law, Big Audio Dynamite
The Globe, Big Audio Dynamite
The Bottom Line, Big Audio Dynamite
Free, Big Audio Dynamite
Everybody Needs A Holiday, Big Audio Dynamite
Looking For A Song, Big Audio Dynamite
E=mc2, Big Audio Dynamite
Dragon Town, Big Audio Dynamite
Dial A Hitman, Big Audio Dynamite
Contact, Big Audio Dynamite
Champagne, Big Audio Dynamite
Psycho Wing, Big Audio Dynamite
Rock Non-stop (all Night Long), Big Audio Dynamite
Rewind, Big Audio Dynamite
Mick's A Hippie Burning, Big Audio Dynamite
Medicine Show, Big Audio Dynamite
Other 99, Big Audio Dynamite
Mr. Walker Said, Big Audio Dynamite
Funny Names, Big Audio Dynamite
Harrow Road, Big Audio Dynamite
No. 10, Upping St., Big Audio Dynamite
Megatop Phoenix, Big Audio Dynamite
2000 Shoes, Big Audio Dynamite
Esquerita, Big Audio Dynamite
Ice Cool Killer, Big Audio Dynamite
London Bridge, Big Audio Dynamite
Big Audio Dynamite, Big Audio Dynamite
Can't Wait (Live), Big Audio Dynamite
Innocent Child, Big Audio Dynamite
Rock With The Caveman, Big Audio Dynamite
Rush, Big Audio Dynamite
Around The Girl In 80 Ways, Big Audio Dynamite
Bad, Big Audio Dynamite
A Party, Big Audio Dynamite
Applecart, Big Audio Dynamite
Hip Neck & Thigh, Big Audio Dynamite
The Battle Of All Saints Road, Big Audio Dynamite
Stalag 123, Big Audio Dynamite
Stone Thames, Big Audio Dynamite
Singapore, Big Audio Dynamite
Sony, Big Audio Dynamite
Just Play Music!, Big Audio Dynamite
Sightsee M.C.!, Big Audio Dynamite
C'mon Every Beatbox, Big Audio Dynamite
Beyond The Pale, Big Audio Dynamite
Hollywood Boulevard, Big Audio Dynamite
Planet Bad - Greatest Hits, Big Audio Dynamite
House Arrest, Big Audio Dynamite
Sudden Impact!
Listening to a metal music prank
That leads straight to the bank
Each grunt and groan took literally
Some tired old rock stars fantasy
Suburbia is such a drag
Bargain nightmares in a bag
Newspapers sell disaster and sin
And when the dustorm comes
They say the Devil rides in
Party down eat your friend
B movie stories never end
Rock the house shoot your mum
Cheap thrills wrapped up in bubblegum
Get down burn the cat
The hardcore life is where its at
Loveboat sub attack
Beware of Sudden impact
Burnt out case from the neighborhood
Converge one night deep in the wood
The bat from hell arrived that night
To make that picnic outtasite!
Satanic rights to a tune they knew well
To make the party rock like hell
Hold tight the ride begins
Macho men with pimply skin
Talk to the trees
The duststorm dosen`t always please
Thats the gamble inside your head
Lets play something else instead
Hide and seek for a shock
I can see right through that rock
Bang your dead the shit is real
Someones scored a bum deal
Teenage shrinks are all confused
At the spread of drug abuse
Meanwhile down at the games arcade
The latest candies are displayed
Guess what our kids got really cheap
The stuff that puts the elephants to sleep
Not paradise but blown to hell


Is Christ as Old as God the Father?
Righteous Father, the world does not know you, but I know you; and these know that you have sent me. I made your name known to them, and I will make it known, so that the love with which you have loved me may be in them, and I in them."
Jesus prayed to God the Father while he was on earth. Wars have been fought over what this means, but clearly, Jesus is something other than a simple manifestation of the One God. The Hindus, who believe in a pantheon of gods, also believe that the exact same god will appear in different forms and even with different personality traits; they call these "avatars". But Jesus is not an avatar of God the Father. He is a distinct, unique person who prays to his father. The Nicene Creed states that "he sits at the right hand of the Father".
But on the other hand, the very first words of the Gospel of John state: "In the begining was the Word. And the Word was with God, and the Word was God." Most people agree that "the Word" is the spirit of Christ. It isn't hard to believe that the details of God's existence are simply not comprehensible to the human mind, and this is one example, because John 1 states that Christ was simultaneously God and "with God", whereas the passage today makes it clear that Jesus and the Father are distinct beings.
My personal way of handling this impossible situation is to think of Christ as a part of God that was split off; really, very similar to a human father and son. There is only one "God", and yet, there are three, and they are truly different, not avatars of God the Father. But really, I don't think I'm "right" about this. I think, rather, that the truth of it is beyond the ability of my mind to comprehend. I don't understand quantum physics; why do I expect to be able to understand God?


text:
Terror-Creatures from the Grave
February 16, 2017 · by The Thorn · in Film, Literature. ·
Synopsis: This tale of betrayal and gruesome vengeance is based on the writings of Edgar Allan Poe. An attorney arrives at a gothic castle to settle the estate of a dead man who could summon the souls of ancient plague victims. The widow and her terrified daughter inform him that the castle is haunted by the dead man's spirit. One by one the occupants of the castle -friends and family who betrayed him- die a festering, torturous and violent death, leaving only the daughter and her lover to escape their dreadful fate.
Terror-Creatures from the Grave 5.25
eyelights: its core plot.
eyesores: its execution. its cheap-o production. its performances. its overdubbing.
"The day of revenge is coming."
'Terror-Creatures From the Grave' is a bit of enigma: though the 1965 Italian-American co-production is credited as "inspired by Edgar Allan Poe", there is no indication as to which Poe work it references. It's also directed by Massimo Pupillo but, for some reason, was credited to Ralph Zucker, the film's producer.
Further to this, the black and white film has been released in multiple forms: various languages, various lengths, different scenes, …etc. A perfect example of how garbled the movie's history is, the Alpha Video DVD lists the film's length as being 61 mins, though it's 72 mins. And there's a 77-minute cut, too.
Well, that's the only appropriate reaction to this very WTF film, which is as nonsensical as its DVD transfer, which is a $#!t letterbox VHS copy featuring a sometimes wobbly, jumpy and/or blurry picture, as well as some garbled vocals. It's as though Alpha Video didn't give a crap what they were releasing.
It's not surprising after having watched this head-scratcher.
Set in 1911, it begins with a short intro of a man having a drink in a pub, being inexplicably startled by something and running out while taking his bowler and cloak with him. After trying to get his horse, the frenzied animal tramples him to death. We don't know why, and it's never explained.
Cue credits.
The rest of the picture has nothing to do with this rushed scene. It all revolves around the Hauff country villa, which receives a visit from Albert Kovak, an attorney charged with helping Lord Hauff with his will. Except that Hauff has been dead nearly a year, and Kovak only just received a letter from him.
…which was written in his handwriting and sealed with his crest – which was buried with him.
Bom bom bom.
Over the course of the next hour (or hour and a quarter, depending on which version you watch), Kovak will try to solve the mystery with the help Corinne and Cleo Hauff and a local doctor. But what do Hauff's experiments with supernatural forces have to do with it? And why are the locals afraid of the villa?
Though its plot could be intriguing, 'Terror-Creatures From the Grave' is delivered in a pedestrian fashion, leaving little surprise – or at least no cause to care: even if we haven't put the pieces together well in advance, there's no build-up of tension, just a series of poorly-staged "spooky" scenes.
For instance, Corinne keeps seeing her father – but no one else can. Or they find the apothecary dead from acid – but the doctor writes it off as a heart attack. Or a plague-ridden zombie comes for them and, though the doctor says it's an especially virulent form, they all just stand there like dummies.
It's all so risible that it's impossible to get into the spirit of things. The best of them all, though, is this old man in a wheelchair who decides to commit suicide after hearing about what's going on at the Hauff villa: he wedges a sword in the fireplace mantel by the hilt and wheels himself right into the blade.
No, really!
To make matters worse, the picture goes off-course a couple of times towards the end to give us some romantic twists, as Albert and Corrine suddenly fall in love and Cleo and her secret lover meet. Needless to say, this was thrown in for the ladies in the audience (if any!) but it ultimately contributes nothing.
The performances are also horrible, beginning with Walter Brandi as Albert, arriving at the villa looking all dejected for no particular reason (The gardener also inexplicably looked depressed, so perhaps it was the Pupillo's direction that was behind it: "More sullen! More sullen! Cave in your shoulders!").
It didn't helped that the overdub (most of the actors were Italian) is complete garbage, and even Barbara Steele, the lone English-speaking actress, sounds terrible, having been overdubbed inappropriately. This may explain some of the utterly nonsensical dialogues; perhaps they made sense in Italian.
In any event, 'Terror-Creatures From the Grave' is weakly-staged and poorly edited, like amateur cinema, or b-movie tripe. And it adds insult to injury by throwing in a simple-minded and abrupt ending that magically washes all the problems away – literally. Its key redeeming quality is that it's mercifully brief.
"Edgar Allan Poe" must be spinning in his grave over it.
Story: 5.0
Acting: 5.5
Production: 4.5
Chills: 1.0
Gore: 3.0
Violence: 3.0
Date of viewing: January 4+6, 2016
Tags: Drama, Family, Foreign films, Horror, Period piece, Romance, Suspense
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
//
// typespec.cs: Type specification
//
// Authors: Marek Safar (marek.safar@gmail.com)
//
// Dual licensed under the terms of the MIT X11 or GNU GPL
//
// Copyright 2010 Novell, Inc
// Copyright 2011 Xamarin, Inc (http://www.xamarin.com)
//

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Linq;

#if STATIC
using MetaType = IKVM.Reflection.Type;
using IKVM.Reflection;
#else
using MetaType = System.Type;
using System.Reflection;
#endif

namespace Mono.CSharp
{
	//
	// Inflated or non-inflated representation of any type.
	//
	public class TypeSpec : MemberSpec
	{
		protected MetaType info;
		protected MemberCache cache;
		protected IList<TypeSpec> ifaces;
		TypeSpec base_type;

		Dictionary<TypeSpec[], InflatedTypeSpec> inflated_instances;

		public static readonly TypeSpec[] EmptyTypes = new TypeSpec[0];

#if !STATIC
		// Reflection Emit hacking
		static readonly Type TypeBuilder;
		static readonly Type GenericTypeBuilder;

		static TypeSpec ()
		{
			var assembly = typeof (object).Assembly;
			TypeBuilder = assembly.GetType ("System.Reflection.Emit.TypeBuilder");
			GenericTypeBuilder = assembly.GetType ("System.Reflection.MonoGenericClass");
			if (GenericTypeBuilder == null)
				GenericTypeBuilder = assembly.GetType ("System.Reflection.Emit.TypeBuilderInstantiation");
		}
#endif

		public TypeSpec (MemberKind kind, TypeSpec declaringType, ITypeDefinition definition, MetaType info, Modifiers modifiers)
			: base (kind, declaringType, definition, modifiers)
		{
			this.declaringType = declaringType;
			this.info = info;

			if (definition != null && definition.TypeParametersCount > 0)
				state |= StateFlags.IsGeneric;
		}

		#region Properties

		public override int Arity {
			get {
				return MemberDefinition.TypeParametersCount;
			}
		}

		public virtual TypeSpec BaseType {
			get {
				return base_type;
			}
			set {
				base_type = value;
			}
		}

		public virtual BuiltinTypeSpec.Type BuiltinType {
			get {
				return BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.None;
			}
		}

		public bool HasDynamicElement {
			get {
				return (state & StateFlags.HasDynamicElement) != 0;
			}
		}

		public bool HasNamedTupleElement {
			get {
				return (state & StateFlags.HasNamedTupleElement) != 0;
			}
		}

		//
		// Returns a list of all interfaces including
		// interfaces from base type or base interfaces
		//
		public virtual IList<TypeSpec> Interfaces {
			get {
				if ((state & StateFlags.InterfacesImported) == 0) {
					state |= StateFlags.InterfacesImported;

					//
					// Delay interfaces expansion to save memory and once all
					// base types has been imported to avoid problems where
					// interface references type before its base was imported
					//
					var imported = MemberDefinition as ImportedTypeDefinition;
					if (imported != null && Kind != MemberKind.MissingType)
						imported.DefineInterfaces (this);
				}

				return ifaces;
			}
			set {
				ifaces = value;
			}
		}

		public bool IsArray {
			get {
				return Kind == MemberKind.ArrayType;
			}
		}

		public bool IsAttribute {
			get {
				if (!IsClass)
					return false;

				var type = this;
				do {
					if (type.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Attribute)
						return true;

					if (type.IsGeneric)
						return false;

					type = type.base_type;
				} while (type != null);

				return false;
			}
		}

		public bool IsInterface {
			get {
				return Kind == MemberKind.Interface;
			}
		}

		public bool IsClass {
			get {
				return Kind == MemberKind.Class;
			}
		}

		public bool IsConstantCompatible {
			get {
				if ((Kind & (MemberKind.Enum | MemberKind.Class | MemberKind.Interface | MemberKind.Delegate | MemberKind.ArrayType)) != 0)
					return true;

				switch (BuiltinType) {
				case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Int:
				case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UInt:
				case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Long:
				case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.ULong:
				case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Float:
				case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Double:
				case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Char:
				case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Short:
				case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Decimal:
				case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Bool:
				case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.SByte:
				case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Byte:
				case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.UShort:
				case BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic:
					return true;
				}

				return false;
			}
		}

		public bool IsDelegate {
			get {
				return Kind == MemberKind.Delegate;
			}
		}

		//
		// Returns true for instances of Expression<T>
		//
		public virtual bool IsExpressionTreeType {
			get {
				return false;
			}
			set {
				state = value ? state | StateFlags.InflatedExpressionType : state & ~StateFlags.InflatedExpressionType;
			}
		}

		public bool IsEnum {
			get {
				return Kind == MemberKind.Enum;
			}
		}

		//
		// Returns true for instances of IList<T>, IEnumerable<T>, ICollection<T>
		//
		public virtual bool IsArrayGenericInterface {
			get {
				return false;
			}
			set {
				state = value ? state | StateFlags.GenericIterateInterface : state & ~StateFlags.GenericIterateInterface;
			}
		}

		//
		// Returns true for instances of System.Threading.Tasks.Task<T>
		//
		public virtual bool IsGenericTask {
			get {
				return false;
			}
			set {
				state = value ? state | StateFlags.GenericTask : state & ~StateFlags.GenericTask;
			}
		}

		public bool IsReadOnly => (modifiers & Modifiers.READONLY) != 0;

		//
		// Returns true for instances of any System.ValueTuple<......> type
		//
		public virtual bool IsTupleType {
			get {
				return (state & StateFlags.Tuple) != 0;
			}
			set {
				state = value ? state | StateFlags.Tuple : state & ~StateFlags.Tuple;
			}
		}

		// TODO: Should probably do
		// IsGenericType -- recursive
		// HasTypeParameter -- non-recursive
		public bool IsGenericOrParentIsGeneric {
			get {
				var ts = this;
				do {
					if (ts.IsGeneric)
						return true;
					ts = ts.declaringType;
				} while (ts != null);

				return false;
			}
		}

		public bool IsGenericParameter {
			get {
				return Kind == MemberKind.TypeParameter;
			}
		}

		//
		// Returns true for instances of Nullable<T>
		//
		public virtual bool IsNullableType {
			get {
				return false;
			}
			set {
				state = value ? state | StateFlags.InflatedNullableType : state & ~StateFlags.InflatedNullableType;
			}
		}

		public bool IsNested {
			get { return declaringType != null && Kind != MemberKind.TypeParameter; }
		}

		public bool IsPointer {
			get {
				return Kind == MemberKind.PointerType;
			}
		}

		public bool IsSealed {
			get { return (Modifiers & Modifiers.SEALED) != 0; }
		}

		public bool IsSpecialRuntimeType {
			get {
				return (state & StateFlags.SpecialRuntimeType) != 0;
			}
			set {
				state = value ? state | StateFlags.SpecialRuntimeType : state & ~StateFlags.SpecialRuntimeType;
			}
		}

		public bool IsStruct {
			get {
				return Kind == MemberKind.Struct;
			}
		}

		public bool IsStructOrEnum {
			get {
				return (Kind & (MemberKind.Struct | MemberKind.Enum)) != 0;
			}
		}

		public bool IsTypeBuilder {
			get {
#if STATIC
				return true;
#else
				var meta = GetMetaInfo().GetType ();
				return meta == TypeBuilder || meta == GenericTypeBuilder;
#endif
			}
		}

		//
		// Whether a type is unmanaged. This is used by the unsafe code
		//
		public bool IsUnmanaged {
			get {
				if (IsPointer)
					return ((ElementTypeSpec) this).Element.IsUnmanaged;

				var ds = MemberDefinition as TypeDefinition;
				if (ds != null)
					return ds.IsUnmanagedType ();

				if (Kind == MemberKind.Void)
					return true;

				if (Kind == MemberKind.TypeParameter)
					return false;

				if (IsNested && DeclaringType.IsGenericOrParentIsGeneric)
					return false;

				return IsValueType (this);
			}
		}

		//
		// A cache of all type members (including nested types)
		//
		public MemberCache MemberCache {
			get {
				if (cache == null || (state & StateFlags.PendingMemberCacheMembers) != 0)
					InitializeMemberCache (false);

				return cache;
			}
			set {
				if (cache != null)
					throw new InternalErrorException ("Membercache reset");

				cache = value;
			}
		}

		public MemberCache MemberCacheTypes {
			get {
				if (cache == null)
					InitializeMemberCache (true);

				return cache;
			}
		}

		public new ITypeDefinition MemberDefinition {
			get {
				return (ITypeDefinition) definition;
			}
		}

		// TODO: Wouldn't be better to rely on cast to InflatedTypeSpec and
		// remove the property, YES IT WOULD !!!
		public virtual TypeSpec[] TypeArguments {
			get { return TypeSpec.EmptyTypes; }
		}

		#endregion

		public virtual bool AddInterface (TypeSpec iface)
		{
			if ((state & StateFlags.InterfacesExpanded) != 0)
				throw new InternalErrorException ("Modifying expanded interface list");

			if (ifaces == null) {
				ifaces = new List<TypeSpec> { iface };
				return true;
			}

			if (!ifaces.Contains (iface)) {
				ifaces.Add (iface);
				return true;
			}

			return false;
		}

		//
		// Special version used during type definition
		//
		public bool AddInterfaceDefined (TypeSpec iface)
		{
			if (!AddInterface (iface))
				return false;

			//
			// We can get into a situation where a type is inflated before
			// its interfaces are resoved. Consider this situation
			//
			// class A<T> : X<A<int>>, IFoo {}
			//
			// When resolving base class of X`1 we inflate context type A`1
			// All this happens before we even hit IFoo resolve. Without
			// additional expansion any inside usage of A<T> would miss IFoo
			// interface because it comes from early inflated A`1 definition.
			//
			if (inflated_instances != null) {
				//
				// Inflate only existing instances not any new instances added
				// during AddInterface
				//
				var inflated_existing = inflated_instances.Values.ToArray ();
				foreach (var inflated in inflated_existing) {
					inflated.AddInterface (iface);
				}
			}

			return true;
		}

		//
		// Returns all type arguments, usefull for nested types
		//
		public static TypeSpec[] GetAllTypeArguments (TypeSpec type)
		{
			IList<TypeSpec> targs = TypeSpec.EmptyTypes;

			do {
				if (type.Arity > 0) {
					if (targs.Count == 0) {
						targs = type.TypeArguments;
					} else {
						var list = targs as List<TypeSpec> ?? new List<TypeSpec> (targs);
						list.AddRange (type.TypeArguments);
						targs = list;
					}
				}

				type = type.declaringType;
			} while (type != null);

			return targs as TypeSpec[] ?? ((List<TypeSpec>) targs).ToArray ();
		}

		public AttributeUsageAttribute GetAttributeUsage (PredefinedAttribute pa)
		{
			if (Kind != MemberKind.Class)
				throw new InternalErrorException ();

			if (!pa.IsDefined)
				return Attribute.DefaultUsageAttribute;

			AttributeUsageAttribute aua = null;
			var type = this;
			while (type != null) {
				aua = type.MemberDefinition.GetAttributeUsage (pa);
				if (aua != null)
					break;

				type = type.BaseType;
			}

			return aua;
		}

		//
		// Return metadata information used during emit to describe the type
		//
		public virtual MetaType GetMetaInfo ()
		{
			return info;
		}

		public virtual TypeSpec GetDefinition ()
		{
			return this;
		}

		//
		// Text representation of type used by documentation writer
		//
		public sealed override string GetSignatureForDocumentation ()
		{
			return GetSignatureForDocumentation (false);
		}

		public virtual string GetSignatureForDocumentation (bool explicitName)
		{
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder ();
			if (IsNested) {
				sb.Append (DeclaringType.GetSignatureForDocumentation (explicitName));
			} else if (MemberDefinition.Namespace != null) {
				sb.Append (explicitName ? MemberDefinition.Namespace.Replace ('.', '#') : MemberDefinition.Namespace);
			}

			if (sb.Length != 0)
				sb.Append (explicitName ? "#" : ".");

			sb.Append (Name);
			if (Arity > 0) {
				if (this is InflatedTypeSpec) {
				    sb.Append ("{");
				    for (int i = 0; i < Arity; ++i) {
				        if (i > 0)
				            sb.Append (",");

						sb.Append (TypeArguments[i].GetSignatureForDocumentation (explicitName));
				    }
				    sb.Append ("}");
				} else {
					sb.Append ("`");
					sb.Append (Arity.ToString ());
				}
			}

			return sb.ToString ();
		}

		public override string GetSignatureForError ()
		{
			string s;

			if (IsNested) {
				s = DeclaringType.GetSignatureForError ();
			} else if (MemberDefinition is AnonymousTypeClass) {
				return ((AnonymousTypeClass)MemberDefinition).GetSignatureForError ();
			} else if (IsTupleType) {
				return FormatTupleSignature ();
			} else {
				s = MemberDefinition.Namespace;
			}

			if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty (s))
				s += ".";

			return s + Name + GetTypeNameSignature ();
		}

		string FormatTupleSignature ()
		{
			var sb = new StringBuilder ();
			sb.Append ("(");
			for (int i = 0; i < TypeArguments.Length; ++i) {
				if (i != 0)
					sb.Append (", ");

				sb.Append (TypeArguments[i].GetSignatureForError ());
			}
			sb.Append (")");

			return sb.ToString ();
		}

		public string GetSignatureForErrorIncludingAssemblyName ()
		{
			var imported = MemberDefinition.DeclaringAssembly as ImportedAssemblyDefinition;

			var location = imported != null ?
				System.IO.Path.GetFullPath (imported.Location) :
			    ((MemberCore)MemberDefinition).Location.NameFullPath;

			return string.Format ("{0} [{1} -- {2}]", GetSignatureForError (),
								  MemberDefinition.DeclaringAssembly.FullName,
								  location);
		}

		protected virtual string GetTypeNameSignature ()
		{
			if (!IsGeneric)
				return null;

			return "<" + TypeManager.CSharpName (MemberDefinition.TypeParameters) + ">";
		}

		public bool ImplementsInterface (TypeSpec iface, bool variantly)
		{
			var ifaces = Interfaces;
			if (ifaces != null) {
				for (int i = 0; i < ifaces.Count; ++i) {
					if (TypeSpecComparer.IsEqual (ifaces[i], iface))
						return true;

					if (variantly && TypeSpecComparer.Variant.IsEqual (ifaces[i], iface))
						return true;
				}
			}

			return false;
		}

		protected virtual void InitializeMemberCache (bool onlyTypes)
		{
			try {
				MemberDefinition.LoadMembers (this, onlyTypes, ref cache);
			} catch (Exception e) {
				throw new InternalErrorException (e, "Unexpected error when loading type `{0}'", GetSignatureForError ());
			}

			if (onlyTypes)
				state |= StateFlags.PendingMemberCacheMembers;
			else
				state &= ~StateFlags.PendingMemberCacheMembers;
		}

		//
		// Is @baseClass base implementation of @type. With enabled @dynamicIsEqual the slower
		// comparison is used to hide differences between `object' and `dynamic' for generic
		// types. Should not be used for comparisons where G<object> != G<dynamic>
		//
		public static bool IsBaseClass (TypeSpec type, TypeSpec baseClass, bool dynamicIsObject)
		{
			if (dynamicIsObject && baseClass.IsGeneric) {
				//
				// Returns true for a hierarchies like this when passing baseClass of A<dynamic>
				//
				// class B : A<object> {}
				//
				type = type.BaseType;
				while (type != null) {
					if (TypeSpecComparer.IsEqual (type, baseClass))
						return true;

					type = type.BaseType;
				}

				return false;
			}

			while (type != null) {
				type = type.BaseType;
				if (type == baseClass)
					return true;
			}

			return false;
		}

		public static bool IsReferenceType (TypeSpec t)
		{
			switch (t.Kind) {
			case MemberKind.TypeParameter:
				return ((TypeParameterSpec) t).IsReferenceType;
			case MemberKind.Struct:
			case MemberKind.Enum:
			case MemberKind.Void:
			case MemberKind.PointerType:
				return false;
			case MemberKind.InternalCompilerType:
				//
				// Null is considered to be a reference type
				//
				return t == InternalType.NullLiteral || t.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic;
			default:
				return true;
			}
		}

		public static bool IsNonNullableValueType (TypeSpec t)
		{
			switch (t.Kind) {
			case MemberKind.TypeParameter:
				return ((TypeParameterSpec) t).IsValueType;
			case MemberKind.Struct:
				return !t.IsNullableType;
			case MemberKind.Enum:
				return true;
			default:
				return false;
			}
		}

		public static bool IsValueType (TypeSpec t)
		{
			switch (t.Kind) {
			case MemberKind.TypeParameter:
				return ((TypeParameterSpec) t).IsValueType;
			case MemberKind.Struct:
			case MemberKind.Enum:
				return true;
			default:
				return false;
			}
		}

		public override MemberSpec InflateMember (TypeParameterInflator inflator)
		{
			var targs = IsGeneric ? MemberDefinition.TypeParameters : TypeSpec.EmptyTypes;

			//
			// When inflating nested type from inside the type instance will be same
			// because type parameters are same for all nested types
			//
			if (DeclaringType == inflator.TypeInstance) {
				return MakeGenericType (inflator.Context, targs);
			}

			return new InflatedTypeSpec (inflator.Context, this, inflator.TypeInstance, targs);
		}

		//
		// Inflates current type using specific type arguments
		//
		public InflatedTypeSpec MakeGenericType (IModuleContext context, TypeSpec[] targs)
		{
			if (targs.Length == 0 && !IsNested)
				throw new ArgumentException ("Empty type arguments for type " + GetSignatureForError ());

			InflatedTypeSpec instance;

			if (inflated_instances == null) {
				inflated_instances = new Dictionary<TypeSpec[], InflatedTypeSpec> (TypeSpecComparer.Default);

				if (IsNested) {
					instance = this as InflatedTypeSpec;
					if (instance != null) {
						//
						// Nested types could be inflated on already inflated instances
						// Caching this type ensured we are using same instance for
						// inside/outside inflation using local type parameters
						//
						inflated_instances.Add (TypeArguments, instance);
					}
				}
			}

			if (!inflated_instances.TryGetValue (targs, out instance)) {
				if (GetDefinition () != this && !IsNested)
					throw new InternalErrorException ("`{0}' must be type definition or nested non-inflated type to MakeGenericType",
						GetSignatureForError ());

				instance = new InflatedTypeSpec (context, this, declaringType, targs);
				inflated_instances.Add (targs, instance);
			}

			return instance;
		}

		public virtual TypeSpec Mutate (TypeParameterMutator mutator)
		{
			return this;
		}

		public override List<MissingTypeSpecReference> ResolveMissingDependencies (MemberSpec caller)
		{
			List<MissingTypeSpecReference> missing = null;

			if (Kind == MemberKind.MissingType) {
				missing = new List<MissingTypeSpecReference> ();
				missing.Add (new MissingTypeSpecReference (this, caller));
				return missing;
			}

			foreach (var targ in TypeArguments) {
				if (targ.Kind == MemberKind.MissingType) {
					if (missing == null)
						missing = new List<MissingTypeSpecReference> ();

					missing.Add (new MissingTypeSpecReference (targ, caller));
				}
			}

			if (Interfaces != null) {
				foreach (var iface in Interfaces) {
					if (iface.Kind == MemberKind.MissingType) {
						if (missing == null)
							missing = new List<MissingTypeSpecReference> ();

						missing.Add (new MissingTypeSpecReference (iface, caller));
					}
				}
			}

			if (MemberDefinition.TypeParametersCount > 0) {
				foreach (var tp in MemberDefinition.TypeParameters) {
					var tp_missing = tp.GetMissingDependencies (this);
					if (tp_missing != null) {
						if (missing == null)
							missing = new List<MissingTypeSpecReference> ();

						missing.AddRange (tp_missing);
					}
				}
			}

			if (missing != null || BaseType == null)
				return missing;

			return BaseType.ResolveMissingDependencies (this);
		}

		public void SetMetaInfo (MetaType info)
		{
			if (this.info != null)
				throw new InternalErrorException ("MetaInfo reset");

			this.info = info;
		}

		public void SetExtensionMethodContainer ()
		{
			modifiers |= Modifiers.METHOD_EXTENSION;
		}

		public void UpdateInflatedInstancesBaseType ()
		{
			//
			// When nested class has a partial part the situation where parent type
			// is inflated before its base type is defined can occur. In such case
			// all inflated (should be only 1) instansted need to be updated
			//
			// partial class A<T> {
			//   partial class B : A<int> { }
			// }
			//
			// partial class A<T> : X {}
			//
			if (inflated_instances == null)
				return;

			foreach (var inflated in inflated_instances) {
				//
				// Don't need to inflate possible generic type because for now the method
				// is always used from within the nested type
				//
				inflated.Value.BaseType = base_type;
			}
		}
	}

	//
	// Special version used for types which must exist in corlib or
	// the compiler cannot work
	//
	public sealed class BuiltinTypeSpec : TypeSpec
	{
		public enum Type
		{
			None = 0,

			// Ordered carefully for fast compares
			FirstPrimitive = 1,
			Bool = 1,
			Byte = 2,
			SByte = 3,
			Char = 4,
			Short = 5,
			UShort = 6,
			Int = 7,
			UInt = 8,
			Long = 9,
			ULong = 10,
			Float = 11,
			Double = 12,
			LastPrimitive = 12,
			Decimal = 13,

			IntPtr = 14,
			UIntPtr = 15,

			Object = 16,
			Dynamic = 17,
			String = 18,
			Type = 19,

			ValueType = 20,
			Enum = 21,
			Delegate = 22,
			MulticastDelegate = 23,
			Array = 24,

			IEnumerator,
			IEnumerable,
			IDisposable,
			Exception,
			Attribute,
			Other,
		}

		readonly Type type;
		readonly string ns;
		readonly string name;

		public BuiltinTypeSpec (MemberKind kind, string ns, string name, Type builtinKind)
			: base (kind, null, null, null, Modifiers.PUBLIC)
		{
			this.type = builtinKind;
			this.ns = ns;
			this.name = name;
		}

		public BuiltinTypeSpec (string name, Type builtinKind)
			: this (MemberKind.InternalCompilerType, "", name, builtinKind)
		{
			// Make all internal types CLS-compliant, non-obsolete, compact
			state = (state & ~(StateFlags.CLSCompliant_Undetected | StateFlags.Obsolete_Undetected | StateFlags.MissingDependency_Undetected)) | StateFlags.CLSCompliant;
		}

		#region Properties

		public override int Arity {
			get {
				return 0;
			}
		}

		public override BuiltinTypeSpec.Type BuiltinType {
			get {
				return type;
			}
		}

		public string FullName {
			get {
				return ns + '.' + name;
			}
		}

		public override string Name {
			get {
				return name;
			}
		}

		public string Namespace {
			get {
				return ns;
			}
		}

		#endregion

		public static bool IsPrimitiveType (TypeSpec type)
		{
			return type.BuiltinType >= Type.FirstPrimitive && type.BuiltinType <= Type.LastPrimitive;
		}

		public static bool IsPrimitiveTypeOrDecimal (TypeSpec type)
		{
			return type.BuiltinType >= Type.FirstPrimitive && type.BuiltinType <= Type.Decimal;
		}

		public override string GetSignatureForError ()
		{
			switch (Name) {
			case "Int32": return "int";
			case "Int64": return "long";
			case "String": return "string";
			case "Boolean": return "bool";
			case "Void": return "void";
			case "Object": return "object";
			case "UInt32": return "uint";
			case "Int16": return "short";
			case "UInt16": return "ushort";
			case "UInt64": return "ulong";
			case "Single": return "float";
			case "Double": return "double";
			case "Decimal": return "decimal";
			case "Char": return "char";
			case "Byte": return "byte";
			case "SByte": return "sbyte";
			}

			if (ns.Length == 0)
				return name;

			return FullName;
		}

		//
		// Returns the size of type if known, otherwise, 0
		//
		public static int GetSize (TypeSpec type)
		{
			switch (type.BuiltinType) {
			case Type.Int:
			case Type.UInt:
			case Type.Float:
				return 4;
			case Type.Long:
			case Type.ULong:
			case Type.Double:
				return 8;
			case Type.Byte:
			case Type.SByte:
			case Type.Bool:
				return 1;
			case Type.Short:
			case Type.Char:
			case Type.UShort:
				return 2;
			case Type.Decimal:
				return 16;
			default:
				return 0;
			}
		}

		public void SetDefinition (ITypeDefinition td, MetaType type, Modifiers mod)
		{
			this.definition = td;
			this.info = type;
			this.modifiers |= (mod & ~Modifiers.AccessibilityMask);
		}

		public void SetDefinition (TypeSpec ts)
		{
			this.definition = ts.MemberDefinition;
			this.info = ts.GetMetaInfo ();
			this.BaseType = ts.BaseType;
			this.Interfaces = ts.Interfaces;
			this.modifiers = ts.Modifiers;
		}
	}

	//
	// Various type comparers used by compiler
	//
	static class TypeSpecComparer
	{
		//
		// Does strict reference comparion only
		//
		public static readonly DefaultImpl Default = new DefaultImpl ();

		public class DefaultImpl : IEqualityComparer<TypeSpec[]>
		{
			#region IEqualityComparer<TypeSpec[]> Members

			bool IEqualityComparer<TypeSpec[]>.Equals (TypeSpec[] x, TypeSpec[] y)
			{
				if (x == y)
					return true;

				if (x.Length != y.Length)
					return false;

				for (int i = 0; i < x.Length; ++i)
					if (x[i] != y[i])
						return false;

				return true;
			}

			int IEqualityComparer<TypeSpec[]>.GetHashCode (TypeSpec[] obj)
			{
				int hash = 0;
				for (int i = 0; i < obj.Length; ++i)
					hash = (hash << 5) - hash + obj[i].GetHashCode ();

				return hash;
			}

			#endregion
		}

		//
		// When comparing type signature of overrides or overloads
		// this version tolerates different MVARs at same position
		//
		public static class Override
		{
			public static bool IsEqual (TypeSpec a, TypeSpec b)
			{
				if (a == b)
					return true;

				//
				// Consider the following example:
				//
				//     public abstract class A
				//     {
				//        public abstract T Foo<T>();
				//     }
				//
				//     public class B : A
				//     {
				//        public override U Foo<T>() { return default (U); }
				//     }
				//
				// Here, `T' and `U' are method type parameters from different methods
				// (A.Foo and B.Foo), so both `==' and Equals() will fail.
				//
				// However, since we're determining whether B.Foo() overrides A.Foo(),
				// we need to do a signature based comparision and consider them equal.
				//

				var tp_a = a as TypeParameterSpec;
				if (tp_a != null) {
					var tp_b = b as TypeParameterSpec;
					return tp_b != null && tp_a.IsMethodOwned == tp_b.IsMethodOwned && tp_a.DeclaredPosition == tp_b.DeclaredPosition;
				}

				var ac_a = a as ArrayContainer;
				if (ac_a != null) {
					var ac_b = b as ArrayContainer;
					return ac_b != null && ac_a.Rank == ac_b.Rank && IsEqual (ac_a.Element, ac_b.Element);
				}

				if (a.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic || b.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic)
					return b.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Object || a.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Object;

				if (a.MemberDefinition != b.MemberDefinition)
					return false;

				do {
					for (int i = 0; i < a.TypeArguments.Length; ++i) {
						if (!IsEqual (a.TypeArguments[i], b.TypeArguments[i]))
							return false;
					}

					a = a.DeclaringType;
					b = b.DeclaringType;
				} while (a != null);

				return true;
			}

			public static bool IsEqual (TypeSpec[] a, TypeSpec[] b)
			{
				if (a == b)
					return true;

				if (a.Length != b.Length)
					return false;

				for (int i = 0; i < a.Length; ++i) {
					if (!IsEqual (a[i], b[i]))
						return false;
				}

				return true;
			}

			//
			// Compares unordered arrays
			//
			public static bool IsSame (TypeSpec[] a, TypeSpec[] b)
			{
				if (a == b)
					return true;

				if (a == null || b == null || a.Length != b.Length)
					return false;

				for (int ai = 0; ai < a.Length; ++ai) {
					bool found = false;
					for (int bi = 0; bi < b.Length; ++bi) {
						if (IsEqual (a[ai], b[bi])) {
							found = true;
							break;
						}
					}

					if (!found)
						return false;
				}

				return true;
			}

			public static bool IsEqual (AParametersCollection a, AParametersCollection b)
			{
				if (a == b)
					return true;

				if (a.Count != b.Count)
					return false;

				for (int i = 0; i < a.Count; ++i) {
					if (!IsEqual (a.Types[i], b.Types[i]))
						return false;

					if ((a.FixedParameters[i].ModFlags & Parameter.Modifier.RefOutMask) != (b.FixedParameters[i].ModFlags & Parameter.Modifier.RefOutMask))
						return false;
				}

				return true;
			}
		}

		//
		// Type variance equality comparison
		//
		public static class Variant
		{
			public static bool IsEqual (TypeSpec type1, TypeSpec type2)
			{
				if (!type1.IsGeneric || !type2.IsGeneric)
					return false;

				var target_type_def = type2.MemberDefinition;
				if (type1.MemberDefinition != target_type_def)
					return false;

				var t1_targs = type1.TypeArguments;
				var t2_targs = type2.TypeArguments;
				var targs_definition = target_type_def.TypeParameters;

				if (!type1.IsInterface && !type1.IsDelegate) {
					return false;
				}

				for (int i = 0; i < targs_definition.Length; ++i) {
					if (TypeSpecComparer.IsEqual (t1_targs[i], t2_targs[i]))
						continue;

					Variance v = targs_definition[i].Variance;
					if (v == Variance.None) {
						return false;
					}

					if (v == Variance.Covariant) {
						if (!Convert.ImplicitReferenceConversionExists (t1_targs[i], t2_targs[i]))
							return false;
					} else if (!Convert.ImplicitReferenceConversionExists (t2_targs[i], t1_targs[i])) {
						return false;
					}
				}

				return true;
			}
		}

		//
		// Checks whether two generic instances may become equal for some
		// particular instantiation (26.3.1).
		//
		public static class Unify
		{
			//
			// Either @a or @b must be generic type
			//
			public static bool IsEqual (TypeSpec a, TypeSpec b)
			{
				if (a.MemberDefinition != b.MemberDefinition) {
					var base_ifaces = a.Interfaces;
					if (base_ifaces != null) {
						foreach (var base_iface in base_ifaces) {
							if (base_iface.Arity > 0 && IsEqual (base_iface, b))
								return true;
						}
					}

					return false;
				}

				var ta = a.TypeArguments;
				var tb = b.TypeArguments;
				for (int i = 0; i < ta.Length; i++) {
					if (!MayBecomeEqualGenericTypes (ta[i], tb[i]))
						return false;
				}

				if (a.IsNested && b.IsNested)
					return IsEqual (a.DeclaringType, b.DeclaringType);

				return true;
			}

			static bool ContainsTypeParameter (TypeSpec tparam, TypeSpec type)
			{
				TypeSpec[] targs = type.TypeArguments;
				for (int i = 0; i < targs.Length; i++) {
					if (tparam == targs[i])
						return true;

					if (ContainsTypeParameter (tparam, targs[i]))
						return true;
				}

				return false;
			}

			/// <summary>
			///   Check whether `a' and `b' may become equal generic types.
			///   The algorithm to do that is a little bit complicated.
			/// </summary>
			static bool MayBecomeEqualGenericTypes (TypeSpec a, TypeSpec b)
			{
				if (a.IsGenericParameter) {
					//
					// If a is an array of a's type, they may never
					// become equal.
					//
					if (b.IsArray)
						return false;

					//
					// If b is a generic parameter or an actual type,
					// they may become equal:
					//
					//    class X<T,U> : I<T>, I<U>
					//    class X<T> : I<T>, I<float>
					//
					if (b.IsGenericParameter)
						return a != b && a.DeclaringType == b.DeclaringType;

					//
					// We're now comparing a type parameter with a
					// generic instance.  They may become equal unless
					// the type parameter appears anywhere in the
					// generic instance:
					//
					//    class X<T,U> : I<T>, I<X<U>>
					//        -> error because you could instanciate it as
					//           X<X<int>,int>
					//
					//    class X<T> : I<T>, I<X<T>> -> ok
					//

					return !ContainsTypeParameter (a, b);
				}

				if (b.IsGenericParameter)
					return MayBecomeEqualGenericTypes (b, a);

				//
				// At this point, neither a nor b are a type parameter.
				//
				// If one of them is a generic instance, compare them (if the
				// other one is not a generic instance, they can never
				// become equal).
				//
				if (TypeManager.IsGenericType (a) || TypeManager.IsGenericType (b))
					return IsEqual (a, b);

				//
				// If both of them are arrays.
				//
				var a_ac = a as ArrayContainer;
				if (a_ac != null) {
					var b_ac = b as ArrayContainer;
					if (b_ac == null || a_ac.Rank != b_ac.Rank)
						return false;

					return MayBecomeEqualGenericTypes (a_ac.Element, b_ac.Element);
				}

				//
				// Ok, two ordinary types.
				//
				return false;
			}
		}

		public static bool Equals (TypeSpec[] x, TypeSpec[] y)
		{
			if (x == y)
				return true;

			if (x.Length != y.Length)
				return false;

			for (int i = 0; i < x.Length; ++i)
				if (!IsEqual (x[i], y[i]))
					return false;

			return true;
		}

		//
		// Identity type conversion
		//
		// Default reference comparison, it has to be used when comparing
		// two possible dynamic/internal types
		//
		public static bool IsEqual (TypeSpec a, TypeSpec b)
		{
			if (a == b) {
				// This also rejects dynamic == dynamic
				return a.Kind != MemberKind.InternalCompilerType || a.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic;
			}

			if (a == null || b == null)
				return false;

			if (a.IsArray) {
				var a_a = (ArrayContainer) a;
				var b_a = b as ArrayContainer;
				if (b_a == null)
					return false;

				return a_a.Rank == b_a.Rank && IsEqual (a_a.Element, b_a.Element);
			}

			if (!a.IsGeneric || !b.IsGeneric) {
				//
				// object and dynamic are considered equivalent there is an identity conversion
				// between object and dynamic, and between constructed types that are the same
				// when replacing all occurences of dynamic with object.
				//
				if (a.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic || b.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic)
					return b.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Object || a.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Object;

				return false;
			}

			if (a.MemberDefinition != b.MemberDefinition)
				return false;

			do {
				if (!Equals (a.TypeArguments, b.TypeArguments))
					return false;

				a = a.DeclaringType;
				b = b.DeclaringType;
			} while (a != null);

			return true;
		}
	}

	public interface ITypeDefinition : IMemberDefinition
	{
		IAssemblyDefinition DeclaringAssembly { get; }
		string Namespace { get; }
		bool IsPartial { get; }
		bool IsComImport { get; }
		bool IsTypeForwarder { get; }
		bool IsCyclicTypeForwarder { get; }
		int TypeParametersCount { get; }
		TypeParameterSpec[] TypeParameters { get; }

		TypeSpec GetAttributeCoClass ();
		string GetAttributeDefaultMember ();
		AttributeUsageAttribute GetAttributeUsage (PredefinedAttribute pa);
		bool IsInternalAsPublic (IAssemblyDefinition assembly);
		void LoadMembers (TypeSpec declaringType, bool onlyTypes, ref MemberCache cache);
	}

	class InternalType : TypeSpec, ITypeDefinition
	{
		public static readonly InternalType AnonymousMethod = new InternalType ("anonymous method");
		public static readonly InternalType Arglist = new InternalType ("__arglist");
		public static readonly InternalType MethodGroup = new InternalType ("method group");
		public static readonly InternalType NullLiteral = new InternalType ("null");
		public static readonly InternalType FakeInternalType = new InternalType ("<fake$type>");
		public static readonly InternalType Namespace = new InternalType ("<namespace>");
		public static readonly InternalType ErrorType = new InternalType ("<error>");
		public static readonly InternalType VarOutType = new InternalType ("var out");
		public static readonly InternalType ThrowExpr = new InternalType ("throw expression");

		readonly string name;

		InternalType (string name)
			: base (MemberKind.InternalCompilerType, null, null, null, Modifiers.PUBLIC)
		{
			this.name = name;
			this.definition = this;
			cache = MemberCache.Empty;

			// Make all internal types CLS-compliant, non-obsolete
			state = (state & ~(StateFlags.CLSCompliant_Undetected | StateFlags.Obsolete_Undetected | StateFlags.MissingDependency_Undetected)) | StateFlags.CLSCompliant;
		}

		#region Properties

		public override int Arity {
			get {
				return 0;
			}
		}

		IAssemblyDefinition ITypeDefinition.DeclaringAssembly {
			get {
				throw new NotImplementedException ();
			}
		}

		bool ITypeDefinition.IsComImport {
			get {
				return false;
			}
		}

		bool IMemberDefinition.IsImported {
			get {
				return false;
			}
		}

		bool ITypeDefinition.IsPartial {
			get {
				return false;
			}
		}

		bool ITypeDefinition.IsTypeForwarder {
			get {
				return false;
			}
		}

		bool ITypeDefinition.IsCyclicTypeForwarder {
			get {
				return false;
			}
		}

		public override string Name {
			get {
				return name;
			}
		}

		string ITypeDefinition.Namespace {
			get {
				return null;
			}
		}

		int ITypeDefinition.TypeParametersCount {
			get {
				return 0;
			}
		}

		TypeParameterSpec[] ITypeDefinition.TypeParameters {
			get {
				return null;
			}
		}

		#endregion

		public override string GetSignatureForError ()
		{
			return name;
		}

		#region ITypeDefinition Members

		TypeSpec ITypeDefinition.GetAttributeCoClass ()
		{
			return null;
		}

		string ITypeDefinition.GetAttributeDefaultMember ()
		{
			return null;
		}

		AttributeUsageAttribute ITypeDefinition.GetAttributeUsage (PredefinedAttribute pa)
		{
			return null;
		}

		bool ITypeDefinition.IsInternalAsPublic (IAssemblyDefinition assembly)
		{
			throw new NotImplementedException ();
		}

		void ITypeDefinition.LoadMembers (TypeSpec declaringType, bool onlyTypes, ref MemberCache cache)
		{
			throw new NotImplementedException ();
		}

		string[] IMemberDefinition.ConditionalConditions ()
		{
			return null;
		}

		ObsoleteAttribute IMemberDefinition.GetAttributeObsolete ()
		{
			return null;
		}

		bool? IMemberDefinition.CLSAttributeValue {
			get {
				return null;
			}
		}

		void IMemberDefinition.SetIsAssigned ()
		{
		}

		void IMemberDefinition.SetIsUsed ()
		{
		}

		#endregion

		public static bool HasNoType (TypeSpec type)
		{
			return type == AnonymousMethod || type == MethodGroup || type == NullLiteral || type == ThrowExpr;
		}
	}

	//
	// Common base class for composite types
	//
	public abstract class ElementTypeSpec : TypeSpec, ITypeDefinition
	{
		protected ElementTypeSpec (MemberKind kind, TypeSpec element, MetaType info)
			: base (kind, element.DeclaringType, null, info, element.Modifiers)
		{
			this.Element = element;

			state &= ~SharedStateFlags;
			state |= (element.state & SharedStateFlags);

			if (element.BuiltinType == BuiltinTypeSpec.Type.Dynamic)
				state |= StateFlags.HasDynamicElement;

			// Has to use its own type definition instead of just element definition to
			// correctly identify itself for cases like x.MemberDefininition == predefined.MemberDefinition
			this.definition = this;

			cache = MemberCache.Empty;
		}

		#region Properties

		public TypeSpec Element { get; private set; }

		public override IList<TypeSpec> Interfaces {
			set {
				throw new NotSupportedException ();
			}
		}

		bool ITypeDefinition.IsComImport {
			get {
				return false;
			}
		}

		bool ITypeDefinition.IsPartial {
			get {
				return false;
			}
		}

		bool ITypeDefinition.IsTypeForwarder {
			get {
				return false;
			}
		}

		bool ITypeDefinition.IsCyclicTypeForwarder {
			get {
				return false;
			}
		}

		public override string Name {
			get {
				throw new NotSupportedException ();
			}
		}

		#endregion

		public override void CheckObsoleteness (IMemberContext mc, Location loc)
		{
			Element.CheckObsoleteness (mc, loc);
		}

		public override ObsoleteAttribute GetAttributeObsolete ()
		{
			return Element.GetAttributeObsolete ();
		}

		protected virtual string GetPostfixSignature ()
		{
			return null;
		}

		public override string GetSignatureForDocumentation (bool explicitName)
		{
			return Element.GetSignatureForDocumentation (explicitName) + GetPostfixSignature ();
		}

		public override string GetSignatureForError ()
		{
			return Element.GetSignatureForError () + GetPostfixSignature ();
		}

		public override TypeSpec Mutate (TypeParameterMutator mutator)
		{
			var me = Element.Mutate (mutator);
			if (me == Element)
				return this;

			var mutated = (ElementTypeSpec) MemberwiseClone ();
			mutated.Element = me;
			mutated.info = null;
			return mutated;
		}

		#region ITypeDefinition Members

		IAssemblyDefinition ITypeDefinition.DeclaringAssembly {
			get {
				return Element.MemberDefinition.DeclaringAssembly;
			}
		}

		bool ITypeDefinition.IsInternalAsPublic (IAssemblyDefinition assembly)
		{
			return Element.MemberDefinition.IsInternalAsPublic (assembly);
		}

		public string Namespace {
			get { throw new NotImplementedException (); }
		}

		public int TypeParametersCount {
			get {
				return 0;
			}
		}

		public TypeParameterSpec[] TypeParameters {
			get {
				throw new NotSupportedException ();
			}
		}

		public TypeSpec GetAttributeCoClass ()
		{
			return Element.MemberDefinition.GetAttributeCoClass ();
		}

		public string GetAttributeDefaultMember ()
		{
			return Element.MemberDefinition.GetAttributeDefaultMember ();
		}

		public void LoadMembers (TypeSpec declaringType, bool onlyTypes, ref MemberCache cache)
		{
			Element.MemberDefinition.LoadMembers (declaringType, onlyTypes, ref cache);
		}

		public bool IsImported {
			get {
				return Element.MemberDefinition.IsImported;
			}
		}

		public string[] ConditionalConditions ()
		{
			return Element.MemberDefinition.ConditionalConditions ();
		}

		bool? IMemberDefinition.CLSAttributeValue {
			get {
				return Element.MemberDefinition.CLSAttributeValue;
			}
		}

		public void SetIsAssigned ()
		{
			Element.MemberDefinition.SetIsAssigned ();
		}

		public void SetIsUsed ()
		{
			Element.MemberDefinition.SetIsUsed ();
		}

		#endregion
	}

	public class ArrayContainer : ElementTypeSpec
	{
		public struct TypeRankPair : IEquatable<TypeRankPair>
		{
			TypeSpec ts;
			int rank;

			public TypeRankPair (TypeSpec ts, int rank)
			{
				this.ts = ts;
				this.rank = rank;
			}

			public override int GetHashCode ()
			{
				return ts.GetHashCode () ^ rank.GetHashCode ();
			}

			#region IEquatable<Tuple<T1,T2>> Members

			public bool Equals (TypeRankPair other)
			{
				return other.ts == ts && other.rank == rank;
			}

			#endregion
		}

		readonly int rank;
		readonly ModuleContainer module;

		ArrayContainer (ModuleContainer module, TypeSpec element, int rank)
			: base (MemberKind.ArrayType, element, null)
		{
			this.module = module;
			this.rank = rank;
		}

		public override IList<TypeSpec> Interfaces {
			get {
				return BaseType.Interfaces;
			}
		}

		public int Rank {
			get {
				return rank;
			}
		}

		public MethodInfo GetConstructor ()
		{
			var mb = module.Builder;

			var arg_types = new MetaType[rank];
			for (int i = 0; i < rank; i++)
				arg_types[i] = module.Compiler.BuiltinTypes.Int.GetMetaInfo ();

			var ctor = mb.GetArrayMethod (
				GetMetaInfo (), Constructor.ConstructorName,
				CallingConventions.HasThis,
				null, arg_types);

			return ctor;
		}

		public MethodInfo GetAddressMethod ()
		{
			var mb = module.Builder;

			var arg_types = new MetaType[rank];
			for (int i = 0; i < rank; i++)
				arg_types[i] = module.Compiler.BuiltinTypes.Int.GetMetaInfo ();

			var address = mb.GetArrayMethod (
				GetMetaInfo (), "Address",
				CallingConventions.HasThis | CallingConventions.Standard,
				ReferenceContainer.MakeType (module, Element).GetMetaInfo (), arg_types);

			return address;
		}

		public MethodInfo GetGetMethod ()
		{
			var mb = module.Builder;

			var arg_types = new MetaType[rank];
			for (int i = 0; i < rank; i++)
				arg_types[i] = module.Compiler.BuiltinTypes.Int.GetMetaInfo ();

			var get = mb.GetArrayMethod (
				GetMetaInfo (), "Get",
				CallingConventions.HasThis | CallingConventions.Standard,
				Element.GetMetaInfo (), arg_types);

			return get;
		}

		public MethodInfo GetSetMethod ()
		{
			var mb = module.Builder;

			var arg_types = new MetaType[rank + 1];
			for (int i = 0; i < rank; i++)
				arg_types[i] = module.Compiler.BuiltinTypes.Int.GetMetaInfo ();

			arg_types[rank] = Element.GetMetaInfo ();

			var set = mb.GetArrayMethod (
				GetMetaInfo (), "Set",
				CallingConventions.HasThis | CallingConventions.Standard,
				module.Compiler.BuiltinTypes.Void.GetMetaInfo (), arg_types);

			return set;
		}

		public override MetaType GetMetaInfo ()
		{
			if (info == null) {
				if (rank == 1)
					info = Element.GetMetaInfo ().MakeArrayType ();
				else
					info = Element.GetMetaInfo ().MakeArrayType (rank);
			}

			return info;
		}

		protected override string GetPostfixSignature()
		{
			return GetPostfixSignature (rank);
		}

		public static string GetPostfixSignature (int rank)
		{
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder ();
			sb.Append ("[");
			for (int i = 1; i < rank; i++) {
				sb.Append (",");
			}
			sb.Append ("]");

			return sb.ToString ();
		}

		public override string GetSignatureForDocumentation (bool explicitName)
		{
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder ();
			GetElementSignatureForDocumentation (sb, explicitName);
			return sb.ToString ();
		}

		void GetElementSignatureForDocumentation (StringBuilder sb, bool explicitName)
		{
			var ac = Element as ArrayContainer;
			if (ac == null)
				sb.Append (Element.GetSignatureForDocumentation (explicitName));
			else
				ac.GetElementSignatureForDocumentation (sb, explicitName);

			if (explicitName) {
				sb.Append (GetPostfixSignature (rank));
			} else {
				sb.Append ("[");
				for (int i = 1; i < rank; i++) {
					if (i == 1)
						sb.Append ("0:");

					sb.Append (",0:");
				}
				sb.Append ("]");
			}
		}

		public static ArrayContainer MakeType (ModuleContainer module, TypeSpec element)
		{
			return MakeType (module, element, 1);
		}

		public static ArrayContainer MakeType (ModuleContainer module, TypeSpec element, int rank)
		{
			ArrayContainer ac;
			var key = new TypeRankPair (element, rank);
			if (!module.ArrayTypesCache.TryGetValue (key, out ac)) {
				ac = new ArrayContainer (module, element, rank);
				ac.BaseType = module.Compiler.BuiltinTypes.Array;

				module.ArrayTypesCache.Add (key, ac);
			}

			return ac;
		}

		public override List<MissingTypeSpecReference> ResolveMissingDependencies (MemberSpec caller)
		{
			return Element.ResolveMissingDependencies (caller);
		}
	}

	[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerDisplay("{DisplayDebugInfo()}")]
	class ReferenceContainer : ElementTypeSpec
	{
		ReferenceContainer (TypeSpec element)
			: base (MemberKind.ByRef, element, null)
		{
		}

		public override IList<TypeSpec> Interfaces {
			get {
				return null;
			}
		}

		string DisplayDebugInfo()
		{
			return "ref " + GetSignatureForError();
		}

		public override MetaType GetMetaInfo ()
		{
			if (info == null) {
				info = Element.GetMetaInfo ().MakeByRefType ();
			}

			return info;
		}

		public override string GetSignatureForError ()
		{
			return Element.GetSignatureForError ();
		}

		public static ReferenceContainer MakeType (ModuleContainer module, TypeSpec element)
		{
			if (element.Kind == MemberKind.ByRef)
				throw new ArgumentException ();

			ReferenceContainer pc;
			if (!module.ReferenceTypesCache.TryGetValue (element, out pc)) {
				pc = new ReferenceContainer (element);
				module.ReferenceTypesCache.Add (element, pc);
			}

			return pc;
		}
	}

	class PointerContainer : ElementTypeSpec
	{
		private PointerContainer (TypeSpec element)
			: base (MemberKind.PointerType, element, null)
		{
			// It's never CLS-Compliant
			state &= ~StateFlags.CLSCompliant_Undetected;
		}

		public override IList<TypeSpec> Interfaces {
			get {
				return null;
			}
		}

		public override MetaType GetMetaInfo ()
		{
			if (info == null) {
				info = Element.GetMetaInfo ().MakePointerType ();
			}

			return info;
		}

		protected override string GetPostfixSignature()
		{
 			return "*";
		}

		public static PointerContainer MakeType (ModuleContainer module, TypeSpec element)
		{
			PointerContainer pc;
			if (!module.PointerTypesCache.TryGetValue (element, out pc)) {
				pc = new PointerContainer (element);
				module.PointerTypesCache.Add (element, pc);
			}

			return pc;
		}
	}

	public class MissingTypeSpecReference
	{
		public MissingTypeSpecReference (TypeSpec type, MemberSpec caller)
		{
			Type = type;
			Caller = caller;
		}

		public TypeSpec Type { get; private set; }
		public MemberSpec Caller { get; private set; }
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Linq2Sql Entity class cannot be serialized after adding an association I am making ajax calls to my webservice (using MS ajax framework - Telerik comps uses it actually). I am returning one of the Entity classes generated by the dbml. It used to work fine, but when I added the associations it started throwing an exception on the server, saying "a circular reference was detecting when serializing type "
I worked around it for now, but I'd really like to know what is happening. Thanks

A: This is because the relation is mapped with navigation properties both ways. ie you can use:
myCustomer.Orders

but also
order.Customer

You could try marking one of them non-public in the dbml, then if you need a public property, create it in the partial class, so you can mark the property with XmlIgnoreAttribute:
partial class Order
{
    [XmlIgnore]
    public Customer Customer
    {
        get { return InternalCustomer; }
        set { InternalCustomer = value; }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


When we buy new device such as Frigidaire 0804 we often through away most of the documentation but the warranty. Very often issues with Frigidaire 0804 begin only after the warranty period ends and you may want to find how to repair it or just do some service work. Even oftener it is hard to remember what does each function in Clothes Dryer Frigidaire 0804 is responsible for and what options to choose for expected result. Fortunately you can find all manuals for Clothes Dryer on our side using links below.
5This dryer MUST be exhausted outdoors.


text:
Linde before withdrawing from Frankfurt
Munich The most valuable Dax group currently linden tree financial center withdrawals Germany return. In an extraordinary general meeting on Wednesday, shareholders of the world's largest industrial gases group voted with a majority of at least 93 percent in favor of the alleged delisting in Frankfurt, according to preliminary results. This means that the group will also be left out of the leading German index.
Linde aims to delist from the Frankfurt Stock Exchange on March 1. The stock will only trade on Wall Street going forward. German funds that own shares wanted to vote against the withdrawal because they feared a weakening of Germany as a financial center.
With the merger completed in 2018 of linden tree with US competitor Praxair, both parties had claimed that the new group would have a dual listing on the USA and plan in Germany. However, the stock price performed so wellthat the funds that map the Dax had to sell shares over and over again. Because there is a ten percent limit to the weight of a single security in the leading index. These sales then, in turn, depressed the price.
However, there was resistance among the German fund companies. "The delisting is a disappointment," said Ingo Speich, Head of Sustainability and Corporate Governance at Deka Investment. The decision shows that Linde was ultimately taken over by Praxair. "It was a back door acquisition." Some of Deka's clients can no longer invest in Linde shares.
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Union Investment rejects the withdrawal
Union Investment also voted against delisting. From a management point of view, the move seems "at least understandable," said fund manager Arne Rautenberg. However, one views the step critically, as it leads to a "significant reduction in the volume of the German stock market." The fund company has invested around 2.5 billion euros in Linde shares.
Linde currently has a market capitalization of around 150 billion euros. and is therefore clearly available SAP Y siemens. The problem with the maximum limit was somewhat lessened with the expansion of the Dax to 40 members, but Linde hit the limits again.
Double listing has worked well, but it has held back price developments, Linde boss Sanjiv Lamba said in late October. Most of Linde's share trading has already taken place on Wall Street in recent years. Since the merger, the company's official registered office is in Ireland and its tax address is Woking, near London.
A 75 percent majority was required for the decision. The AGM was held in Danbury, Connecticut, USA. Linde is largely managed from the former Praxair headquarters. Unlike in Germany, such shareholders' meetings in the US only last for a very short time. According to information from the group, on Wednesday 78 percent of the outstanding share capital was represented.
For the German stock exchanges, the decision means a step back. "It is a great shame for the financial center that Linde plans to drop the Frankfurt price list," said Christine Bortenlänger, director of the Deutsches Aktieninstitut. Above all, the decision "in favor of New York" shows that the capital market in Germany is not yet competitive.
Critics view the merger as a secret takeover by the Americans.
To a certain extent, both critics and supporters of the merger, which was highly discussed at the time, can now be confirmed. The sharp rise in Linde's share price in recent years shows that industrial logic has been confirmed so far. In the industrial gases industry, dominated by a few suppliers, size is an important value. In this way, Lamba and his predecessor Steve Angel were able to continue improving their margins. and set profit targets.
On the other hand, the Metal GI and the workers' representatives criticized the merger promoted by the former chairman of the supervisory board, Wolfgang Reitzle not a merger of equals, but an acquisition in disguise by the americans
Promises that the company would continue to be listed in Germany were not kept, criticized union representative Daniele Frijia of the Metal GI. Parts of the leadership in the US no longer see Linde as part of the old "Deutschland AG".
A pure "shareholder value" orientation harbors the risk that "the interests of the workforce will not receive enough long-term attention." However, the union does not measure business management on the stock market, but on how it treats employees. And it is good that a significant part of the operational management is based in Germany.
Pullach Location Secured, Funding Cap Discussion
In this way, says Frijia, it has been possible to drastically reduce job cuts in Germany. At the moment, there are no redundancies at Pullach, and an internal company wants to better absorb excess capacity in the group in the future.
And it was possible to keep the Pullach site as the headquarters of the engineering division. Therefore, the construction of the plant will continue to be carried out from Germany. However, according to experts, the weighting has shifted towards the US in recent years.
So there is a lot of discussion in Germany about Linde's farewell. and above the maximum limit, which activated it with . This is "a purely German problem," said fund manager Rautenberg. In his opinion, the problem would be solved if the legislator gave funds the freedom to weight individual values with more than 10 percent. Only then does it make sense to weight individual stocks higher in the index.
More: Stocks, real estate, private equity – this is how asset managers invest now.
First post: 01/17/2023, 03:49 am.
New Zealand Prime Minister announces his resignation
Energy crisis: LNG boom, fracking, nuclear power: will the energy transition fail?
Asteroid to zoom past Earth during one of the closest encounters ever recorded
2 bedroom penthouse for sale in Orihuela Costa with garage pool – €139,000
Former Russian Roscosmos manager burned alive in mystery fire at Moscow apartment
Sentenced the man who threatened to blow up the PP headquarters in Palma
Spain records worst yearly unemployment figures since 2013 but there are some successes


Founded on 5th December 1919, Avianca Airlines is the flagship carrier of Colombia. The airline is presently headquartered in Bogota, D.C. Flight services to various destinations are being conducted by the airline from its main hub at the El Dorado International Airport. Avianca Airlines is not only the largest carrier in Colombia but also the second largest Latin America carrier. The airline owns a modern fleet of 155 aircrafts and is presently serving 100 destinations spanning 25 countries throughout the Americas as well Europe. Avianca Airlines officially joined Star Alliance and is a member of the leading global airline alliance since 21st June 2012. The airline's fleet of aircrafts includes eight ATR-42, 12 Embraer 190, 10 Airbus A318-100, 21 Airbus A319-100, 51 Airbus A320-200, five Airbus A321 and 10 Airbus A330.
Avianca Airlines offer two classes of travel to its customers – Economy Class and Business Class.


text:
TJX: Dad who shot kids actually lost job 2 years ago
Aug 1, 2012 at 8:00 AM Aug 1, 2012 at 6:49 PM
A major retailer of apparel and home fashions says that a killing suspect who listed it as his place of employment actually worked for a third-party vendor and that his employment ended more than two years ago.
Authorities say 41-year-old Daryl Benway separated from his wife just weeks before opening fire Saturday at the family's home in Oxford. Seven-year-old Abigail died and 9-year-old Owen was in critical condition. Benway then killed himself.
He had listed TJX Cos. as his place of employment on his Facebook page.
A TJX spokeswoman calls the situation tragic and says the company's sympathies go out to the families. But she says it would be inappropriate to comment about someone whose work through a third-party vendor ended more than two years ago.


The list of prominent authors mired in harassment scandals has grown in recent months, and now includes best-selling children's book authors, prominent political journalists and a National Book Award-winning novelist. As allegations of sexual harassment sweep through the publishing industry — resulting in canceled book deals, boycotts by bookstores and expulsions from writers' conferences — publishers, agents and editors are grappling with how to tackle the issue. As in the entertainment business, where celebrated actors have lost starring roles in TV shows and movies, publishing companies are facing painful trade-offs as they cut ties with accused men in hopes of minimizing any collateral damage.
Some publishing houses have reacted swiftly to sexual misconduct charges. In October, Penguin Press quickly scrapped a forthcoming book on the 2016 election by John Heilemann and Mark Halperin, co-authors of the best-selling political tell-alls "Game Change" and "Double Down," after it emerged that Mr. Halperin had sexually harassed multiple women at ABC News, where he oversaw political coverage years ago. (Mr. Heilemann has said in a radio interview that he hopes to revive the project on his own).
Other publishers have issued bland statements — or taken no action at all. Henry Holt & Company has continued to publish Bill O'Reilly following a New York Times report that Mr. O'Reilly settled claims by multiple women who accused him of sexual harassment and verbal abuse. Mr. O'Reilly was fired by Fox News, and last fall, his literary agent, William Morris Endeavor, said it would "no longer represent Bill O'Reilly for future deals." But Holt has so far remained steadfast in its support of Mr. O'Reilly, whose best-selling "Killing" series has more than 17 million copies in circulation. Its fall 2018 catalog lists an untitled book by Mr. O'Reilly. "The corporate stance is that it's not our job to judge our authors," Stephen Rubin, the president and publisher of Holt, told The Times in a recent interview.
The disparate responses underscore the commercial and ethical challenges publishing houses face. Some, including Hachette Book Group, are expanding the use of morals clauses and "author conduct" clauses in book contracts, which allow publishers to cancel book deals if the author is credibly accused of unethical behavior. But some editors and publishers say privately that it's difficult to impose a code of conduct on writers, who are not their employees.
In an industry that is overwhelmingly female — women account for around 80 percent of people who work in publishing — publishers may also face pressure from within their own ranks to take a firm stance against sexual harassment.
Last month, when the novelist Anne Ursu published an article on Medium about sexual harassment in the children's book world, it set off a cascade of online accusations against prominent authors, many made anonymously. Ms. Ursu said she has been in touch around 100 women in the industry who have experienced some form of harassment.
After Ms. Ursu's article sparked an outpouring of allegations, the fallout was swift for several best-selling authors.
Ballantine, a Random House imprint, canceled a contract for an adult novel by James Dashner, after multiple women accused Mr. Dashner of harassment. Mr. Dashner is one of the industry's most successful young adult novelists: his dystopian series "The Maze Runner" has sold more than 14 million copies across all formats. Mr. Dashner, who apologized for his behavior, was also dropped by his agent.
The novelist Sherman Alexie asked his publisher to delay the publication of a forthcoming paperback edition of his memoir, "You Don't Have to Say You Love Me," following a recent NPR report in which three women accused him of sexual misconduct ranging from inappropriate comments to unwanted advances. The American Indian Library Association withdrew an award that it gave to Mr. Alexie in 2008 for his young adult novel "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian." Mr. Alexie also declined to accept the 2018 Andrew Carnegie Medal for nonfiction for his memoir, which was given to him last month by the American Library Association.
On his website, Mr. Alexie expressed regret for his actions but also sounded defiant, writing that he rejects "the accusations, insinuations and outright falsehoods" made by a woman he said he had a consensual affair with and who accused him online of being a serial predator.
Grove Atlantic and Hachette Book Group, which both publish Mr. Alexie's books, issued statements saying that they were surprised and troubled by the accusations, but that they will continue to publish his earlier books.
After the recent rash of allegations against prominent authors, Jamie Thomas, a manager and children's book buyer at the bookstore Women & Children First in Chicago, removed books by Mr. Asher, Mr. Dashner and Mr. Alexie from the store's shelves. "I don't want to have our customers having to come in here and ask why we're supporting someone accused of sexual misconduct," she said.
But at a moment of heightened scrutiny, some publishers are willing to sacrifice worthwhile books — and lose money — to signal their support for the #MeToo movement.
Though finished copies had already gone out to book critics and pulling it at such a late stage was costly, Charlesbridge decided publishing the book with Mr. Diaz's name and illustrations might dampen enthusiasm for the title from readers, reviewers, librarians and booksellers. The company, now searching for a new illustrator, has pushed the publication to 2019.
In an interview, Mr. Diaz acknowledged that he made flirtatious comments and advances at a conference hosted by the Society of Children's Book Writers and Illustrators and that he had gone through harassment training after the society's board received a complaint about his behavior in 2012. He also went through a probation period where his conduct was regularly reviewed. When a separate allegation arose in the fall of 2017 about a sexual comment that Mr. Diaz made to a woman at a conference five years earlier, before his harassment training, Mr. Diaz voluntarily resigned from the board and apologized to the woman who made the complaint.


text:
John McCain continues to tell other people to dig for ponies:
KERBALA, Iraq, April 14 (Reuters) - A suicide car bomber killed at least 40 people and wounded 128 at a crowded bus station near a major Shi'ite shrine in the Iraqi holy city of Kerbala on Saturday, police and hospital sources said.
In Baghdad, police said a suicide car bomber detonated his device near a checkpoint at the southern Jadriyah bridge, killing 10 people, wounding 15 and burning several cars in the second major attack on a bridge in the capital in the past three days.


text:
describe("parsing response headers", function() {

   // linefeed carriage return
   var lfcr = "\u000d\u000a";

   it('can parse an empty string', function(){

      var parsed = parseResponseHeaders('');

      expect(parsed).toEqual({})
   })

   it('can parse a single header', function(){

      var parsed = parseResponseHeaders('x-powered-by: Express');

      expect(parsed).toEqual({'x-powered-by':'Express'})
   });

   it('can parse a value containing ": "', function(){

      var parsed = parseResponseHeaders('x-title: Episode 2: Another episode');

      expect(parsed).toEqual({'x-title':'Episode 2: Another episode'})
   });

   it('can parse a value containing lots of colons ": "', function(){

      var parsed = parseResponseHeaders('x-title: Episode 2: Another episode: Remastered');

      expect(parsed).toEqual({'x-title':'Episode 2: Another episode: Remastered'})
   });

   it('can parse two values containing lots of colons ": "', function(){

      var parsed = parseResponseHeaders('x-title: Episode 2: Another episode: Remastered'  + lfcr +
                                        'x-subtitle: This file has: a long title' );

      expect(parsed).toEqual({'x-title':'Episode 2: Another episode: Remastered',
                              'x-subtitle': 'This file has: a long title'})
   });

   it('can parse several headers', function(){

      var subject =  "x-powered-by: Express" + lfcr +
                     "Transfer-Encoding: Identity" + lfcr +
                     "Connection: keep-alive";

      var parsed = parseResponseHeaders(subject);

      expect(parsed).toEqual({
         "x-powered-by": "Express"
      ,  "Transfer-Encoding": "Identity"
      ,  "Connection": "keep-alive"
      })
   })

});


Getting the word out about new classes or your entire group exercise program is an important factor in keeping it well-attended. In addition to one or two schedule boards up in your facility, and fliers at the front desk, there are other ways to promote your classes.
One important marketing tool is your front desk staff. They should know each week's schedule, along with any changes, and have quick access to upcoming events and classes. Members will regularly call or ask about the schedule, and prospective members are often interested in what type of classes you offer. If your main member contacts don't have the information, you could be losing members.
Another important marketingtool is your website. Keep a regularly updated group exercise schedule on your website, and make sure your members know that it's there.
Instructor cross-promotion can bring participants from one class to another. This only works if your instructors are kept informed about what else your club offers, and if they are encouraged to attend other classes.
Finally, you could organize a promotion to hype your group exercise program. Offer introductory classes once a month, or give out prizes to members who attend a certain number of classes. Make your program new and exciting, even for members who have been attending classes for years.


text:
package org.apache.tajo.engine.planner;

import com.google.common.base.Objects;
import com.google.gson.annotations.Expose;
import org.apache.tajo.algebra.AlterTablespaceSetType;
import org.apache.tajo.engine.planner.logical.LogicalNode;
import org.apache.tajo.engine.planner.logical.LogicalNodeVisitor;
import org.apache.tajo.engine.planner.logical.NodeType;

public class AlterTablespaceNode extends LogicalNode implements Cloneable {

  @Expose private String tablespaceName;
  @Expose private AlterTablespaceSetType setType;
  @Expose private String uri;

  public AlterTablespaceNode(int pid) {
    super(pid, NodeType.ALTER_TABLESPACE);
  }

  public String getTablespaceName() {
    return tablespaceName;
  }

  public void setTablespaceName(String tablespaceName) {
    this.tablespaceName = tablespaceName;
  }

  public AlterTablespaceSetType getSetType() {
    return setType;
  }

  public String getLocation() {
    return uri;
  }

  public void setLocation(String uri) {
    this.setType = AlterTablespaceSetType.LOCATION;
    this.uri = uri;
  }

  @Override
  public PlanString getPlanString() {
    return new PlanString(this);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean equals(Object obj) {
    if (obj instanceof AlterTablespaceNode) {
      AlterTablespaceNode other = (AlterTablespaceNode) obj;
      return super.equals(other);
    } else {
      return false;
    }
  }

  public int hashCode() {
    return Objects.hashCode(tablespaceName, setType, uri);
  }

  @Override
  public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
    AlterTablespaceNode alter = (AlterTablespaceNode) super.clone();
    alter.tablespaceName = tablespaceName;
    alter.setType = setType;
    alter.uri = uri;
    return alter;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "AlterTablespace (space=" + tablespaceName + ")";
  }

  @Override
  public void preOrder(LogicalNodeVisitor visitor) {
    visitor.visit(this);
  }

  @Override
  public void postOrder(LogicalNodeVisitor visitor) {
    visitor.visit(this);
  }
}


text:
Dig Dug
Published by: Namco, 1985 | Developed by: Namco
Become Dig Dug, the champion of love and justice, as you drill up, down, left, and right, defeating any enemies in your path. Avoid the persistent Pooka and the deep-dwelling but whimsical Fygar as you defeat all the enemies in order to clear each (more...)
Published by: Bandai, 1989 | Developed by: Namco
Unlike the first game, Dig Dug II takes place on an island with an overhead view. The goal is simple: to kill all the enemies on the level. There are two types: Pookas, the round red monsters with goggles, can only touch Dig Dug to kill him, but Fygars, t (more...)
Dragon Spirit: The New Legend
Genre: Shooter | Licensed
Galda has decided to attack earth and it is up to you to stop him. Galda has taken Iris, the sister of Lace captive. You are Lace who, taking his father's sword, goes off to defeat Galda. You have the ability to change into a dragon and are in that fo (more...)
Galaga: Demons of Death
Galaga is a sequel to Galaxian and has similar gameplay. The player controls a spaceship (which can move only right or left) and shoots at swarms of incoming insect-like aliens that fly in formation above him and occasionally swoop down to bomb him in a k (more...)
The original arcade version of Galaxian has been ported to many different systems. Although it was one of the very first games released in Japan for the Famicom in 1984, somehow it never saw a release on the NES for any other region. Galaxian expanded on (more...)
Ms. Pac-Man
Published by: Tengen, 1990 | Developed by: Namco
Genre: Arcade | Unlicensed
Ms. Pac-Man is a popular arcade game released by Midway in 1981. This sequel to Pac-Man differs from its predecessor on the fact that there is more than one layout of paths involved. Every two or three levels, the map changes with intermissions in-between (more...)
Pac-Man (Tengen)
Pac-Man (or Puck Man in Japan) is an arcade game developed by Namco and licensed for distribution in the USA by Midway, first released in Japan in 1979. Immensely popular from its first release through today, Pac-Man is universally considered as one of th (more...)
Pac-Mania
Just like most of the other games in the Pac-Man series, the goal is for Pac-Man to eat all of the dots before he is caught by the ghosts. This game has several significant changes from the traditional format. The first, and most noticeable, change is tha (more...)


Keep your desktop free of clutter with this under desk five tray hanging organizer. This organizer attaches to any desktop up to 1.75" thick to provide under desk storage. It features five under desk trays to keep paperwork of your work surface. Each tray can hold letter-sized documents.
This five tray organizer is made of durable, lightweight, steel mesh with a scratch-resistant black powder coat finish and rolled edges. A rubber-headed tightening screw is included for secure, non-damaging installation. The design performs well in sit-stand applications or other mobile work environments. It can even easily move with you from one work surface to another.


We tested our tents over several weeks, across a 3-month time span to try out the tent in a variety of elements such as hot days, cool nights, and rainy afternoons. We've determined that the Zomake Pop Up Tent is the best instant tent all types of camping trips from solo outings to a family getaway for several reasons, which we'll outline below.
This tent is lightweight, simple to set up and take down, and can easily make even the least experienced camper feel confident about setting up camp. After testing several pop-up tents that claim to be spacious, the Zomake Pop Up Tent is roomier (and comfier) than others we tested.
We wanted to test out an instant pop up tent, that wasn't as roomy as the Zomake Pop Up tent, to see if we could still sleep comfortably under the stars. FiveJoy's Instant Pop Up, while a little smaller in size, has many of the same features we love about our favorite tent. This runner up is the perfect pick for a small, out of the way campsite or when wanting to camp/pack light.
Selecting the best pop up tent was a little more complicated than we initially thought, as there are a lot of pop up tents on the market. Although we tested out several with similar features to our favorite and our runner up best instant tent, most of the pop ups are smaller in size, take a little extra work to set up, and aren't as convenient to carry when wanting to pack light.
Coleman has a long history of making high-quality tents. We tested out the Coleman Pop-Up Tent, and while it was relatively fast and easy to set up, we were left wanting more, size-wise.
At first glance, the Coleman Instant 4-Person tent looked a little difficult to set up. While it's a fast and easy setup, it takes a little more time than some of the other instant tents. We were disappointed that the rain fly was not included but can be sold separately. Although this model is roomier than the Coleman pop up, it's unlikely that four people would sleep comfortably.
We had to try out this pop up because it's described as "an automatic instant portable cabana beach tent." Who doesn't love camping on the beach? While the Abco Tech Pop-up Tent was easy to set up like other pop ups we tried, it was kind of tight on space.
Tent camping is a quintessential summer activity and even year long for those who live in agreeable climates. Many campers purchase large, 8-people tents that require using an instruction manual every time and setting up tent poles. Setting up and taking down can be frustrating and time-consuming.
Pop-up and instant tents are more portable and have an easy set up so you can spend more time doing other things like going on a hike or building a campfire. There is a large number of pop-up tents available, and while the design concept is similar, the features may vary greatly.
Before you buy, we believe it's best to know what you need and what you expect from a pop-up tent. Choosing the right tent can make you a happier camper every time you sleep beneath the stars.
In this guide, we will examine a few select features and options when camping out in a pop-up or instant tent. If you have been thinking about an easier way to camp, you may be the perfect candidate for a pop-up tent.
As you would with any other type of tent, occupant size is important when selecting a pop-up tent. While there are a few pop ups that are described as large enough to hold a family of five, you need to think about whether the occupants are adults or children. You also need to think about if you're planning on storing your gear in the tent, too.
A good rule of thumb is to buy as big as you can. For example, if you're looking for a tent for solo camping, you will probably be fine in a one to two person tent but if you want a little extra room go for a four-person tent.
One of the many advantages of a pop-up tent is that they are lightweight, portable, and don't take up a lot of space. This means you can buy more than one, such as one for adults and another for kids. Multiple tents allow for an even more comfortable camping experience.
If you've ever camped out in a traditional tent with poles, you know it can be a frustrating experience. Not only can it be time-consuming but it often requires more than one person to set up the tent and factors like wind, rain, and low light can make it even more challenging.
Pop-up and instant tents are designed to set up (virtually on their own) is less than a minute; some even claim to go up in less than ten seconds. Takedown may take a little more time but should be just as stress-free.
Want to make sure you know exactly how it works before you go camping? All you need to do is set it up in the backyard or in a large room indoors.
Pop-up tents are considerably lighter and smaller than traditional tents but as you start to shop around you may notice varying weights and sizes. Again, the size of your pop-up will greatly depend on how many occupants you have. Another size factor has to do with the size when it's stored. Some pop-ups fold down into a "pancake" while others just lay flat.
Many pop ups weigh around or less than eight pounds. If you're planning on pulling right up to your camp spot and taking the gear out of the car, weight probably isn't much of an issue. Hiking or walking into a campsite are different factors to consider, and you will want something lightweight and easy to carry.
There are a few additional features to consider when thinking about weight and size. Even though you don't need to set up the tent there are poles already put together, creating the frame of the tent; these are usually lightweight and made of fiberglass.
If you want a little extra room, look for pop ups that have a vestibule as this can be a perfect place to store gear and offer added protection from the rain and the sun.
One of the great things about camping is that anyone can do it and you don't need a lot of experience. When considering a pop-up tent, think about the how, where, and when you camp. Do you camp in the summer or fall? During rainy weather? Do you prefer out of the way spots or designated flat camping areas?
Most pop-ups will hold up well in rainy weather with light winds, but you will want to use the rain fly and stay on flat ground; water-resistant fabrics are always the smartest choice. If you want to camp in cooler weather, you may need to bundle up as pop ups aren't designed for cooler weather camping (although temperature and comfort vary from one camper to the next).
If you like the idea of light packing and heading out for a spontaneous getaway, camping in a pop-up is probably for you.
Once you have found the perfect tent, take the time to do a trial run at home on a flat surface, in daylight hours, and preferably when it's not raining. Although pop-ups are easy and quick to set up, give yourself a little practice first.