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Author's Blog
1917 – Long Beach and WWI
Home/What was happening 100+ years ago/1917 – Long Beach and WWI
News stories from the local press
LONG BEACH AND WORLD WAR I
Long Beach lads march off to war
On April 2, 1917, President Wilson announced what many believed was inevitable—war between Germany and the United States. The war in Europe had been raging since July 1914, but it was Germany's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare and an attempt by Germany to get Mexico to join the war in return for the territories of Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, that prompted Woodrow Wilson's action. At a patriotic rally held in the Long Beach Municipal Auditorium on April 4, 1917, the entire German population of Long Beach expressed full accord with the United States and President Wilson. Arthur Falkenhayn, who had served in the German army in his youth and now was a florist, presented a little red white and blue bouquet to all in attendance.
On April 6th war was officially declared by the United States and Washington was quick to act to protect itself from alien enemies. On April 16th, the Long Beach Chief of Police received instructions from the capitol advising it was unlawful for aliens to have any firearms, weapons or implements of war in their possession. They were also prohibited from access to any kind of signaling device or any form of cipher code. Also, five hundred forty-one Long Beach men immediately joined the American Protective League which rounded up pro-Germans and draft evaders. According to the Daily Telegram of December 20, 1918, Long Beach had the best per capita record of catching and convicting pro-Germans than any other city in the west.
On April 3, 1917, a telegram was sent to Long Beach from Sacramento telling of a rumored plot to blow up the big suspension bridge at the entrance to Long Beach harbor. County sheriffs joined Long Beach police in search for any hidden explosives or bombs. Officers were posted to patrol the area looking for suspicious activities. No trace of dynamite was found but the bridge was discovered to be inadequately protected, according to authorities. After the first examination of the bridge property an investigation of the California Shipbuilding Company's yards was made. A need to increase guards at both locations was recommended.
On April 17th soldiers fired at a fleeing suspect found loitering near the reservoir at Long Beach. National Guardsmen, on guard duty at the reservoir, discovered the suspect lurking in the shadows. When told to halt, he fired at one of the guardsmen with a revolver. Immediately both guardsmen rushed the man. He fled. When the guardsmen saw that he would escape they both opened fire. One of the guardsmen sent a description of the man to authorities. All outbound cars from Long Beach were stopped and several suspects were questioned. It was believed by the guardsmen that the man had been attempting to gain information on the water supply system of Long Beach, or that he had already been supplied with this information and was attempting to damage the system.
On April 25, 1917, a fire broke out at the National Kelp Potash plant in the harbor. The factory was completely destroyed. At first it was felt the fire had been caused by a gas explosion resulting from the installation of a new gas system at the facility, but later it was determined to be a bomb. Government investigators concluded German saboteurs were at work in the Long Beach harbor district seeking to cripple Uncle Sam by destroying plants where gun powder ingredients were manufactured. The secret service said they did not feel the fire had been set by paid or official agents of Germany, but by fanatical hotheads who thought they were helping the Fatherland. Others felt differently—they were sure it was the result of German secret agents.
It appeared the bomb had been placed in the furnace room of the kelp-potash plant while men were installing a new gas main. When they left to get additional equipment the building was left unattended—the perfect time for saboteurs to sneak in and plant the incendiary devise. Investigators found the remains of the bomb matched those which had been used in the east by German agents in attempts to blow up U. S. ammunition plants. Detectives said they had information other kelp plants as well as shipyards in the harbor were targets. They felt this was merely the beginning of sabotage activities and that Long Beach must launch a home guard campaign to protect its industries from German attack.
In May, Rudolf von Flammerdinghe former first lieutenant in the Death's Head Hussar regiment in Prussia was arrested as a spy. He was believed by the federal authorities to be the head of an elaborate espionage system. In order to prove his innocence he told federal officials of a sensational plot to blow up the Long Beach shipyards. According to Flammerdinghe, four Los Angeles Germans were involved in a scheme to destroy the shipyards, all of which were under contract to build boats for the U. S. Navy. Flammerdinghe claimed he heard the four men plotting in the lobby of a downtown Los Angeles hotel and then followed them for several blocks where he witnessed them purchasing 1200 pounds of a high explosive powder to complete their mission.
Flammerdinghe's allegations followed accusations made against him by Lieutenant Frank F. Wolf, a former member of the German aviation corps. According to federal authorities, Wolf revealed Flammerdinghe was the head of German espionage in America, recruiting German sympathizers from around the U. S. to act as agents for the German cause. Wolf went on to describe how Flammerdinghe had the entire United States divided into districts and that through this alleged spy system he knew of military movements made by Americans. The headquarters for these operations was in Mexico.
In an attempt to refute Wolf's claims, Flammerdinghe revealed much about his life. "I was born and educated in German East Africa," he said. "My father was a major general in the German army. I received an engineering education at the University of Heidelberg and came to this country in 1909. I am an expert in the use of chemicals and high explosives. In 1914 I went back to Germany to fight in my regiment, but I was captured by the British and interred in an English concentration camp. I escaped from the English camp by bribing a guardsman and fled to America as a stowaway. I reached the United States in 1915 and traveled on a tour inspecting the mining districts of the United States. I am thoroughly informed as to mining resources of this country. I then went to Oatman, Arizona, where I worked in a mine. It was there I heard that Wolf was in Los Angeles. I told him to come to Oatman and I would get him a job. He came to Oatman, but he would not take a job. He spent his time traveling about the country, and one day disappeared. The next I heard of him was when he was arrested in San Francisco as a spy suspect. I left Oatman later to visit my sweetheart, in San Diego. While visiting at her home the federal officers arrested me." (LA Herald 5/15/1917)
According to local federal authorities, incriminating papers were found in the possession of Flammerdinghe. Flammerdinghe may not have been the master spy that Wolf said he was but Flammerdinghe was interred at Fort Rosecrans on suspicion of communicating with the German government.
In September 1918, the Long Beach Press indicated there was an attempt to either blow up or set fire to the Long Beach Shipbuilding plant. Due to the vigilance of U. S. troops on guard in the local harbor district, the attempt was thwarted. According to Captain Victor C. Lewis, a man was seen creeping along on the ground near the shipyards by a watch guard at 3 a.m. on the morning of September 19, 1918. The soldier challenged the prowler, at the same time warning other guards to be on the lookout for the intruder. Spotting the suspect, a guard told the prowler to halt, but the man refused, dashing across the street and hiding behind a building. Two guards immediately opened fire, aiming to kill, but the fleeting figure escaped.
There were many stories about a planned German-Mexican invasion from Lower California. In September 1918 the Long Beach Press reported an organized effort on the part of a gang of Mexican field hands to interfere with the sugar beet harvest. Several hundred Mexicans, it was claimed, had been employed for the beet harvesting. When the beets were ready to be picked the Mexicans refused to gather them, leaving the sugar beets to spoil. Supposedly this "gang" would go from ranch to ranch, doing the same thing. It was unclear, however, whether they had been bribed by factory representatives to keep down the supply, thus driving the prices up, or whether it was a case of German sabotage.
Fear was rampant, but citizens of Long Beach responded to the war with a patriotic fervor—war gardens and liberty bond drives took off over night. All this activity helped take anxious minds off of the coming of June 5th, "Registration Day," the day all men had to sign up for the Army draft.
Long Beach draftees
Isidro Canlas stayed up all night on June 5, 1917 to make sure he would be the first man to register for the draft in his precinct. Canlas, a native Filipino employed by contractor George LaShell, felt it was his duty to contribute to the welfare of the country that had taken him in. He told the Long Beach Press:
Maybe I don't understand the Flag so well as the men born under it, but none loves it more. I saw a people freed from bondage by it. They were my own people. I so love this Flag that when I got big enough I traveled 8000 miles to make sure that I might always dwell under its protection. I was only 10 years old when the American soldiers came to our country and my racial prejudice was against the Yankees; but I liked the soldiers themselves, and as I grew in age and wisdom I learned to love the cause for which they fought. (LB Press 6/5/1917)
In 1906, Canlas moved to Denver where one of those American soldiers who fought in the Philippines, George La Shell, hired him. When La Shell moved to Long Beach in 1910 Isidro Canlas followed. While here, Isidro fell in love with Lydia Davolos, a beautiful Mexican. When the couple went to the county seat to get a marriage license they were turned down. Canlas was classified as a Malay, an inferior to a Mexican, and told it was illegal for them to marry. Even his friend and employer George La Shell couldn't pull enough strings for the pair to wed. Eventually the couple went to Tijuana, Mexico, where they were united as man and wife. Despite the fact that a clerk in Los Angeles felt he was unfit to marry a girl from Mexico, Canlas continued to support America.
C. S. Wing, born in China in 1892, was the first Chinese man from Long Beach to join the service. When asked to provide a photograph for the newspaper, Wing said he was glad to serve in the Army, but was afraid of how his wife and child would survive financially if something should happen to him. He asked that the photo, the only one he had, be sent back to his family for them to remember him.
The Germans were quick to take advantage of racial bias in America. On April 4, 1917, the Long Beach Press reported German secret service agents in the south were trying to foment an uprising of African Americans against white Americans. At a meeting of Mexicans, African Americans and Germans in San Diego in April 1915, the Germans promised African Americans a place on a social footing with whites. The plan was known as "the plan of San Diego," and included turning the state of Texas into a black republic. (LB Press 4/4/1917 )
On June 5, 1917, 2,823 local men registered for the draft. At 6 a.m. on July 12th, the local newspaper began to receive the numbers drawn at Washington for the draft. A continuous stream of people eagerly scrutinized the posted lists of numbers and names of the men who were drawn. Twenty-six year old James Francis Collins, a civil engineer, was the first Long Beach man called by conscription. He was not the first Long Beach lad, however, to enter the armed forces; many, such as aviator Earl Daugherty, chose to enlist in another branch of the service instead of being forced to join the army. Another, Hall W. Watts was one of the first to register for the draft. He died in France in August 1918.
Long Beach's draft board was officially known as "Local Board Division No. 1, Los Angeles County, State of California." It was one of the largest boards in the state because of the industries under its jurisdictions. Its record for efficiency later made it one of the top ten draft boards in the United States, according to the book Long Beach in the World War.
On September 5th, a parade and ceremonies on the Virginia Hotel lawn were held to honor the first nine Long Beach men to leave for Army service. The mayor pinned flags upon the coats of the selected men and the Reverend Henry Kendall Booth spoke. The rally ended with the singing of "America." Later that day, the first five percent of Long Beach's draft quota boarded the soldiers' train on their way to northern camps.
Pro Germans
Not all Americans were happy about the war with Germany. George A. Doster was labeled a disloyalist and charged with disturbing the peace of fellow employees at the Edison electric plant by uttering seditious remarks. He created a sensation in local court on June 14, Flag Day, when he changed his plea to "guilty" in the midst of the trial before all the evidence was in. He was sentenced to ninety days in jail and a fine of $200. Benjamin Krohn received the same sentence in August 1918, after being arrested by officers of the American Protective League. Krohn's crime was tearing down a picture of President Wilson and stomping on it. Witnesses testified that Krohn declared that "President Wilson is a d…. fool and ought to be shot." In the course of the hearing others reported that Krohn expressed a wish that the Germans would wipe out the Americans and that he hoped the Germans would sink every American transport.
In October 1918, 74-year-old August Bartz of 620 Coronado Avenue, pleaded guilty to a charge of uttering seditious remarks. Further disloyalty was expressed by the fact that though his estimated worth was more than $65,000 he had only purchased one $100 liberty bond. He is reported to have said:
President Wilson is a ….. and that he should be forced to eat some of the substitutes we have to eat.
That when the newspapers quote victorious advances of the allies we can't believe a d… world of it.
That he probably would be hounded to death by those d… liberty bond solicitors."
That he would not display an American flag and that it made no difference to him who wins the war. (LB Press 10/3/1918)
Despite pleas by his wife and step-daughter to deal lightly with him because of his age, he was fined $500 and sentenced to spend three months in jail. If he hadn't been 74-years-old he would have been sentenced to six months in jail.
Draft Dodgers
Edgar Kienholz
Long Beach athletic circles were startled when the name of Edgar H Kienholz, athletic coach and head of the physical training department of Long Beach Polytechnic High School, was listed as "failing to respond" for military examination. Kienholz had left Long Beach shortly after June 5th for his father's ranch in Alberta, Canada, and when he was re-elected Poly coach for the coming year no word was heard from him. He later said he didn't want to leave his new bride. His case was turned over to the federal authorities. Eight other men were also posted as "failing to respond." Kienholz later returned to Long Beach and despite the appeals of Superintendent W. L. Stephens and Principal David Burcham, who felt that finding another with Kienholz's skills would be next to impossible, Kienholz was drafted. He returned after the war to resume his old job.
Roscoe Gue, his wife Bessie and father Dollamarter were jointly charged with conspiring to obstruct the draft law. Roscoe's number was drawn in the regular draft process and he was classified 1-A. One way to avoid the draft was to be married and needed at home. He quickly married. Following the hasty wedding, he filed an affidavit alleging his wife was in frail health and needed his support; but attaches of the American Protective League, who investigated the case, charged the woman was hale and hearty and up to the day of her marriage capable of making her own living. Later on Roscoe's father, Dollamarter Gue, filed an affidavit claiming he was dependent on his son for his support, but it was later found that he was an insurance adjuster making a good salary.
In late August 1918, a "slacker drive" was held to catch alleged draft dodgers. John B. Erwin, a local shipyard worker, had lived in Long Beach two years. He registered for the draft in Arizona and then returned to Long Beach without having kept in touch with the exemption board with which he registered. Frank Davidson was arrested on similar grounds, except he was alleged to have registered in Los Angeles when he should have registered in Long Beach, thus evading service until caught in the roundup.
Nurses Help Overseas
Nurse Netta Parker in uniform
When the U.S. entered World War I there were 403 Army nurses on active duty including 170 reserve nurses who had been assigned to duty with General John J. Pershing's 1916 expedition on the Mexican border. One month later six base hospitals with more than 400 Army nurses sailed for France for service with the British Expeditionary Forces.
Katherine Knight
Rapid mobilization of nurses was possible because the Red Cross Nursing Service (RCNS) had 8,000 trained nurses ready to serve in hospitals and on battlefields. The RCNS supplied 20,000 nurses before the war ended. Many of these nurses were attached to base hospitals, a concept developed in 1915 by Dr. George Crile and enthusiastically supported by the Surgeon General and the military. Under the base hospital plan, a civilian medical center provided a fully staffed and equipped field hospital which would be transferred to military authority when needed. The American Red Cross provided expertise, funding and organization to assist civilian hospitals in this project and administered the base hospital from the time it was ready for active service until it was actually mobilized under Army command. When the U. S. entered the war, 25 base hospitals were ready for immediate deployment. Los Angeles Base Hospital Unit No. 35, however, wasn't commissioned until March 1918. Among those who served were Long Beach nurses Katherine Knight, Alice MacCulloch, Mary E. Taylor, Elizabeth C. MacDonald, Olga Renius, Katherine Miller, Erma Coons, Sylvia Vanasek, Mabel Grant, Mayme Karaus, Mary Cunningham, Elizabeth Lewis, Julia Klapetzky, Emma McCulloch, Etta Parker, Nella Hill, Isabelle Gage, Kathryn McKenzie, Cleo Peters, Mary Young, Bertha Grant, Esther Webb, May Joy, Hannah Thompson, Hilda Smeal and Priscilla Reece. Hilda Smeal, who lived with her mother Mary, was awarded the Croix de Guerre for heroic service in driving an ambulance under fire on the battlefields of Picardy and Champagne. When the war was over she continued to serve in the motor transport service in France. Many gave up lucrative businesses to enlist.
Elizabeth MacDonald (220 E. 7th) and Olga Renius (811 Linden Ave.) had successfully run the East Side Maternity Home which they sold for the opportunity to go to France as Red Cross nurses. According to Elizabeth MacDonald's personal information in the Public Library's Long Beach Collection, Base Hospital Unit 35 left Los Angeles for Camp Sheridan in Montgomery, Alabama, on July 16th 1918. The unit left New York August 8th 1918, landing in Southampton on August 16th. From there they were sent directly to their base hospital center at Mars-Sur-Allier, France. Her letters home survive in the library's history files. On October 24, 1918, the Long Beach Daily Telegram printed the following:
Our hospital is new and we are full up with patients. They are not very sick, but are sent us from an evacuation hospital, and are classified, some to return to the front, and some to be sent home. I feel more sorry for the weak fellow to be sent home than for the one to return to the front, because of the long trip.
In October 1918, Elizabeth C. MacDonald was erroneously reported dead. In January 1919 she wrote:
We have another Lizzie in our hospital and same last name — the only difference was in weight and disposition. She took sick and died last October. When Washington was wired that a Lizzie had died it did not seem to make any difference to them who died—so they picked on me and wired my poor sister that I was dead. Two days ago a letter arrived in France from my sister, asking where I was laid away. Can you imagine how she feels? Of course, she thinks I am gone, or at least she thought so until she received a letter from me which she must, in the course of time.*
Women in the Military
Yeomanette recruiting poster, 1917
Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels took advantage of the fact that the 1916 law which created the Naval Reserve used the word personnel rather than male when referring to Navy Yeoman and authorized the enlistment of woman as Yeoman (F) on March 19, 1917. Within a month the Navy swore in the first officially recognized enlisted women in U. S. history. The 11,274 Yeoman (F), popularly known as "Yeomanettes," who served in WW I were recruited to "Free a Man to Fight."
In order to enlist women had to be between 18 and 35, unmarried, in excellent health, of good moral character and neat appearance. The Navy preferred women who were at least high school graduates with office experience and superior clerical skills. The women did not attend boot camp but were simply sent to their duty stations where the majority performed clerical duties including typing, stenography, bookkeeping, accounting, inventory control and telephone operation. A few became radio operators, electricians, draftsmen, pharmacists, photographers, telegraphers, fingerprint experts, chemists, torpedo assemblers and camouflage designers. The Navy quickly realized that their women in uniform generated positive publicity, so the Yeoman (F) were taught to march and drill and were often paraded at patriotic rallies, recruiting campaigns, war bond drives and troop send-offs.
At the insistence of Secretary Daniels the Yeoman (F) received the same pay as male Yeoman, $28.75 per month, (less twenty cents for hospitalization) and $1.25 per day subsistence allowance. Most received a housing allowance to secure their own quarters because Naval housing for women was not available. The majority of Yeoman (F) served in the U. S. but a few were sent overseas. The women were not offered the option of remaining in the Navy after the war and by July 1919 all Yeoman (F) had been discharged. Fifty-one Yeoman (F) died on active duty between 1917 and 1920, 20 of them before the Armistice was signed. A few were killed in accidents, most died of influenza. All received military funerals.
The Yeomanettes from Long Beach included Katherine Gilbert who served in the War Department in Washington D. C.; Catharine Baird who was on the staff of Major Hoffman at the American Embassy in Brussels; Josephine Brown McClure stationed at nearby Ft. McArthur as a music conductor; Elsie Britsch, assigned to the Navy Department Allotment Office, later transferring to the U. S. Naval Air Station in San Diego.
Librarians, because of their experience in cataloging and recording were recruited to fill positions in the ordnance department of the army at Washington, D.C. Helen Courtwright, Gladys Hanna and Marian Quinn of the Long Beach Public Library resigned from the library on March 2, 1918, and announced that they would leave for the east immediately to take up work in the ordnance department.
Frank Lambert killed in action October 1917 in the Meuse-Argonne offensive.
In June 1918, Long Beach received word the city had lost its first soldier to the perils of war. Donald E. Erickson, 1636 E. 6th Street, had died on a battlefield in France. His mother, a widow, was supported by her three sons—Donald, Derrell and Fred—before the war. When they asked her if they could enlist she readily gave her consent. When asked to express her feelings, Mrs. Erickson replied: "Each must die in time. None can die a more glorious death than this; but, oh, it's hard to feel it all, all the time." (LB Press 6/20/1918) Another Long Beach lad was reported dead the following week. Captain G. Tupper, 334 Atlantic Avenue, had died while in Camp Kearny, never having made it to France. He was Long Beach's first influenza victim.
Ivan Leo Price, killed November 3, 1918 in France. The Pullman, Washington Post of the American Legion is named in his honor.
Death came closer to home when the body of Charles Mowry, was found at his sentry post in the harbor. The 20-year-old Army volunteer was aroused from sleep the morning of July 31, 1918 and sent to his post, the searchlight tower guarding the municipal docks. At 3:43 a.m. a shot was heard and members of the guard hurried to the scene where they found Mowry stretched out on the platform of the wharf with a ghastly wound in his head and his still smoking rifle by his side. The official report said Mowry had stumbled to his post half asleep, neglecting to put the safety on his rifle. Somehow the rifle accidentally discharged, the bullet entering his left eye and coming out at the base of the brain. Others weren't too sure of the "official" report. They thought the government was trying to keep the public calm in light of sabotage activities in the harbor.
Industry Growth, Housing Shortage
Those remaining in Long Beach found some local industries, such as fish canneries, taken over by the government. Other business interests such as the woolen mills, potash plants, and shipyards grew at an astounding rate. Many supplies such as lumber and other building materials were requisitioned for the war effort. However, it became almost impossible to keep up with the housing needs of the workers and their families who were coming to Long Beach to work in the burgeoning industries. The Los Cerritos area, which had been subdivided a few years earlier, grew at a tremendous rate. Encouraged by the success of Los Cerritos, a new twenty acre tract known as Bixby Heights was placed on the market in January 1917.
Located on part of the Rancho Los Cerritos, the Bixby Heights tract was subdivided and platted into city lots 50 x 130 feet in size. It had paved streets, sidewalks, curbs, electricity, gas and water. A clause in each deed provided no building could be erected that cost less than $2000. Lots ranged in price from $500 to $1200. The outbreak of the war in Europe slowed development, but a few homes did get built prior to America's entry into the war.
Balboa Film Studio
Everyone was eager to help the war effort. Herbert M. Horkheimer, who had started the Long Beach studio with his brother Ellwood in 1913, began a movement to organize motion picture players throughout the nation for Red Cross work. Realizing the many spare hours film folk had between scenes, Horkheimer felt they could be making garments and surgical dressings. He hoped his idea would spread and that there would be a Red Cross auxiliary in every studio in the picture industry. He organized a committee which included the Laskys, D. W. Griffith, and Mrs. Cecil B. De Mille to carry out this work with the Red Cross and wired President Wilson for his endorsement of the project.
Horkheimer also arranged to take his entire working force on fishing expeditions every Sunday during the sardine run. This was to help increase the sardine pack of Southern California, which canneries were shipping to the Allies at the rate of 5000 cases a day. Any money made by studio employees was turned over to the local fishermen to improve their equipment.
Helping the Boys Overseas
Local women's groups, the Red Cross, and many other organizations began a campaign to knit socks for the boys overseas. It was not an easy task. Certain rules had to be followed, because if they were not blood poisoning, the loss of a foot, or even death could result. In July 1918 the following instructions were issued: (LB Press 7/22/1918)
Don't wind wool tightly. It will lose its elasticity.
Don't forget that a man may not have a chance to change his socks for several days, and a lump or knot brings a blister. If the blister breaks, blood poisoning may result in the loss of a foot or even a life. We cannot afford to lose our men through negligence or ignorance.
Don't make double heels, bad washing and sterilizing shrink them into a hard felt-like lump.
Don't finish off the toe unless you can make it smooth, free from all lumps, if you can't let some friend finish it for you.
Don't knit bands of color into top of sock without first boiling the wool for ten minutes in salted water and rinsing thoroughly. This is to set the color and prevent blood poisoning.
Do wash socks before turning them in; use good pure soap; lay socks on flat surface to dry; do not hang them up, as they are apt to stretch in length.
Do not say, "I know it is not right but I guess it will pass if it is not right." Please make it right before turning socks in.
Profiting From the War
Long Beach experienced a sudden claim to fame during World War I. It wasn't the Neff submarine, the production levels of local shipyards, or the success of its film studio, it was potash. Long Beach was the potash center of the nation. Potash, derived from kelp, had many uses. It could be used as fertilizer. Aluminum and silica could also be derived from it. But more importantly it was needed to make explosives. When hostilities broke out with Germany, the Germans had been in control of the potash industry worldwide. Now, with the Germans out of the picture, the price of potash skyrocketed from $55 a ton before the war to $1500.
American Potash plant at Long Beach harbor
By the middle of 1917, however, most kelp-burning potash factories located in Long Beach harbor were looking to pull up stakes and move elsewhere. The industrialists had miscalculated how fast a kelp bed would grow and had already deforested the seaweed groves in the area. But investors had made quite a bit of money. H. Claude Privett and Howard W. Judson, for instance, had bought a practically abandoned plant for a song, refurbished it at small expense, and in two years had cleared $100,000.
By 1919, and the end of the war, the kelp potash industry in California was virtually dead, as was much of the marine life that had called the kelp forests home. Production was profitable when the Europeans were out of the picture, but the end of hostilities forced prices to drop and companies extracting potash from kelp (a comparatively expensive process) were forced to quit.
One industry that expanded during the war continued to grow—fish canneries. By 1915 canned tuna had won a place as a staple food in the nation's markets. It was not only nourishing, but it tasted good and packed well. The Los Angeles-Long Beach harbor area was becoming the center of the industry. In 1910 there had been one canning plant, by July 1915 there were twelve.
Three hundred motorboats were committed to tuna fishing and it was becoming an attractive and profitable occupation. Orange growers, bank clerks, carpenters, and men in various other occupations were trying to get into the "tuna game." They were lured by stories, founded on fact, of fabulous returns for their investments. Crews of the smallest boats could run up to a take of $3300 to $7500 in the five months' season from June 1 to November 1. Quite a lot of money for the time.
The canneries surrounding San Pedro Bay were state-of-the art. The Van Camp Sea Food Company, at San Pedro for example, was equipped with big conveyors which would unload five tons from a boat in five minutes. Once in the cannery, the fish was placed into cookers which boiled out the oil and loosened the bones. The meat was then lifted out in big hunks and packed in salad oil and salt.
Cannery workers
The Southland's fish industry centralized during the war to allow for maximum productivity. A canners' clearing house was formed which included all of the canners from San Pedro to San Diego. The central organization controlled the fleet of tenders which gathered the catch at sea from the fishing boats. The clearing house then distributed the catch to each of the canning factories in proportion to the capacity of the plants. The new arrangement reduced the overhead expenses of the canners in maintaining separate fleets.
When the industry was new, tuna, or "chicken of the sea," was the only fish canned by the various packers. Then albacore was tried, and found delicious. Until March 1917 tuna and albacore were the only fish used in canning, but sardines and barracuda quickly became staples in the industry. Practically every variety of edible fish that migrated to local waters or made its permanent home in Southern California could be packed and sold by the canning industry. Long Beach's infamous whaling captain, J. D. Loop, even came up with a way to can and preserve whale meat.
Following the war, the fish canneries continued to grow. In 1920 a million dollars worth of tuna and thousands of dollars worth of sardines would be shipped around the world from the San Pedro Bay harbor area.
Daily Telegram (DT) and Los Angeles Herald (LAH)
1 (LAH) – Because of the continued agitation by a faction of the church population of Long Beach, some members of the board of education of that city were said today to have indicated that they will favor abolishing the folk dancing exercises as taught in the public schools, although a referendum vote of the people last year upheld this branch of instruction.
2 (LAH) – After killing a fifty-foot California gray whale three miles off Point Vicente, Captain John Loop appeared at Long Beach today with five tons of whale meat and ten pounds of blubber which he will put on the market. The fresh whale meat will be placed on the Los Angeles and Long Beach markets by a Long Beach packing company and will probably be sold at 15 cents a pound.
4 (DT) – A new bridge is completed: built by Street Department at Pico and State Street.
8 (DT) – A big packing plant secures site on harbor: Curtiss Olive company purchases seven acres.
19 (LAH) – A request to be paid for their services in administering the affairs of the Long Beach schools was presented to the city council today by members of the board of education. In the past they have served without pay. The members of the board of education requested that they be paid $10 a month for each meeting they attend, with a maximum of five meetings a month.
9 (DT) – "Father of Long Beach," Jotham Bixby, dies.
14 (DT) – New residential tract opens: Bixby Heights.
28 (LAH) – Gaining the distinction of being the first "war brides," two Long Beach girls were married to youthful members of Company H, Seventh regiment, it was revealed today. Miss Margaret E. McGinnis, 19, was married to Harry V. Oliver, 22, and Miss Mabel Hook, 17, was wedded to George Means, 18. The couples were engaged to marry and when the call to arms came they decided to hasten the weddings. Oliver and Miss McGinnis were married in Los Angeles, while Means and Miss Hook were married in Long Beach. Immediately after the weddings the brides returned to their parents' homes while their husbands went to the Long Beach armory.
2 (DT) – Burnett Branch Library opens.
6 (DT) – War officially declared by U. S.
9 (LAH) – A big patriotic rally will be held at the Municipal Auditorium at Long Beach tonight. There will be a parade before the meeting.
14 (LAH) – Mayor Lisenby of Long Beach today appealed to Governor Stephens for authority to arm the home guard organization at the beach city. More than 200 guards have been enrolled, and arrangements have been made to supply the men with rifles. The home guards have been drilling three nights a week at the beach.
18 (LAH) – A plan to place all vacant lots in Long Beach under cultivation, with boys from the high school doing the work, was formed by the high school students today. The lot owners will receive half of the crop if they will pay for having the lot plowed and buy the seed for the students. It was stated a number of lot owners have agreed to the plan, and the school authorities will give the students credits for their garden work.
– Plans for establishment of a plant at Long Beach for the construction of swift little U-boat chasers for the United States government was announced today.
19 (DT) – ASPCA organized in Long Beach to prevent cruelty to animals.
7 (LAH) – United States Marshal C. T. Walton today urged all alien enemies who live near any plant producing munitions of war to make application to his office for a permit to live in such a locality, in accordance with the President's proclamation concerning the activities of alien enemies. If any alien enemies do not obtain a permit from the marshal to live near such a plant they must either move from the vicinity by June 1 or be summarily arrested. This applies to alien enemies living within a half mile of the fort at the harbor and the shipyards at Long Beach.
9 (LAH) – Mayor W. T. Lisenby of Long Beach was re-elected at the primary election held in that city yesterday.
31 (DT) – Long Beach chapter of the DAR organized.
4 (DT) "Caerulea" home-made: first high school annual printed in Poly's own shop.
5 (DT) – Registration Day. All men must register for the draft.
7 (DT) – Fish canneries are requisitioned by government.
11 (DT) – Miss Fannie Bixby, daughter of Long Beach pioneer, issues pamphlet protesting against the war.
14 (DT) – Banks announce they will be open until 10 p.m. to receive Liberty Bond subscriptions.
15 (DT) – Long Beach responded loyally to call of nation for war funds: exceeded her quota of $800,000 by subscribing $932,000.
30 (DT) – Baby parade held at the Pike.
17 (DT) – California governor Stephens visits Long Beach. He is amazed at the growth in the harbor district.
19 (LAH) – The Long Beach Chamber of Commerce today adopted resolutions asking the Board of Education in that city to postpone the opening of high school for two weeks past the regular time next fall. The directors of the Chamber of Commerce said that many of the high school students would be working harvesting fruit and that if they were called from the task ranchers would be short of labor.
20 (LAH) – In anticipation of becoming one of a chain of sites for government aviation stations along the coast, the city of Long Beach will erect hangars and repair shops on a triangular strip of harbor land, the dimensions of which are 300 by 2000 by 150 feet.
10 (DT) – Exemption Board issues second call for draft: 126 local men pass out of 203 examined.
11 (DT) – Annual picnic of Iowans brings thousands to Bixby Park.
13 (DT) – Harnessing ocean tides for commercial use: Molander Power Company has complete plant installed on pleasure pier.
15 (DT) – City Commissioners refuse use of Municipal Auditorium to those criticizing the government.
23 (DT) – Third call is made by local Exemption Board: 450 more men receive notice to report for draft physical.
27 (LAH) – An ordinance compelling fair girl bathers to wear long cloaks wrapped about them while lounging on the sand, is under consideration by the city officials of Long Beach. Girl bathers have declared that it would interfere with their personal liberty.
– Announcement was made today that the California Shipbuilding plant and the Craig Shipbuilding works, both at Long Beach, have been taken over by the federal government.
(DT) – Pretty name for the new pleasure pier: will be known as the "Silver Spray" pier.
5 (DT) – First draft recruits leave. Parade held in their honor.
7 (DT) – Aerial swing on Silver Spray Pier opens.
8 (LAH) – "Christian Pacifists," who planned to hold meetings in Long Beach on October 1 and 2, have been informed that any attempt to hold such a meeting will be dealt with severely by the authorities. The Long Beach commissioners denied the pacifists the right to use the municipal auditorium and informed them that any attempt to hold a meeting in a private hall would be frowned on.
17 (LAH) – The Long Beach Chamber of Commerce held a sunrise session in the city bean patch today. Within a short time the Chamber will gather in its harvest and it is expected that they will get 1000 pounds of beans.
24 (DT) – Library system for soldiers and sailors: million dollar campaign begins. Long Beach expected to raise $450.
18 (DT) – Cornerstone of new St. Luke's Episcopal Church laid.
24 (DT) – Greatest patriotic rally in history of Long Beach held in city auditorium.
27 (LAH) – Long Beach, which was asked to raise $1,440,000 for the second Liberty Loan, today passed its allotment by subscribing for $1,645,000 worth of the bonds.
1 (DT) Local aviator Frank Champion falls to his death in Japan.
– Charter for creation of Long Beach Rotary signed. J. J. Mottell, a mortician, first president.
3 (DT) – Parents responsible for curfew violation: will be fined or imprisoned for allowing their children on streets after 9:30 p.m.
6 (DT) – Work at the canneries remains at a standstill because of strike of local Japanese and Italian fishermen.
10 (DT) – Limits placed on sugar buying.
13 (DT) – Tuesdays designated as Conservation Days. Meat should not be eaten or sold.
14 (DT) – Long Beach workmen show their loyalty; send word to President that industries needed for war uses will have no strike troubles.
15 (DT) – Red Cross auxiliary in all film studios is plan of H. M. Horkheimer to utilize spare time of movie picture folk.
16 (DT) – Only 13 slackers in 1766 men called for draft.
24 (DT) – Long Beach Woolen Mill gets $1,000,000 contract from government.
30 (LAH) – The proposition to import 200,000 Chinese laborers for the duration of the war received the endorsement of the Long Beach Chamber of Commerce today. The endorsement is subject to a guarantee that the Chinese be returned to their native land at the conclusion of hostilities.
3 (DT) – Canneries resume sardine packing: Italian and Japanese fishermen end long strike.
6 (LAH) – A police body guard was assigned to Reverend W. E. Biederwoif, who raised a storm of protest by denouncing the Red Cross who are sending cigarettes and playing cards to American soldiers. Reverend Biederwoif, who is conducting an evangelistic campaign in Long Beach, reported that threats of personal violence had been made against him.
15 (DT) – Unpaid vacation for Municipal Band to enable Commissioners to raise pay of police and firemen.
17 (LAH) – Between 5000 and 8000 cases at fish will be shipped daily to the allied forces in Europe from Long Beach.
26 (LAH) – Unpatriotic literature "calculated to spread German propaganda" has been barred from the Long Beach Public Library. A dozen books were condemned by Miss Zaidee Brown, the librarian, and were taken from the shelves. Among the books were writings on the war by Hugo Muensterberg and Kuno Francke, the Germanistic Society of Chicago, Fritz von Frantzine and Dr. Theodor Schleman.
30 (DT) – Rainfall of 1917 is lightest in history.
* In 1921 librarians at Long Beach Public Library were responsible for gathering information from those who had fought in the war. A questionnaire was filled out and a photo requested. The end result was a book "Long Beach in the World War" which can be found at Long Beach Public Library. However, not all the information gathered could be put in the book. The original submissions and photos can be found in the library's Long Beach Collection.
You will find more about Long Beach and Southern California's participation in World War I in my book Died in Long Beach: Cemetery Tales. Also check my earlier blogs for 1914, 1915 & 1916 on what Long Beach was doing for the war effort before America entered the conflict.
For additional historical information click on: More Long Beach History . You will also find links to Seal Beach and Signal Hill history by clicking on Seal Beach History and Signal Hill History.
Tags: Balboa Film Studio, Bixby Heights, California fishing industry, Canneries, Draft World War I, Librarians in World War I, Long Beach World War I, Nurses in World War I, Potash, Pro Germans World War I, Sabotage World War I, Women in World War I, World War I, Yeomanettes|
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AA is a secondary school student who was questioned by social services in the presence of police based on allegations made by a family member. These allegations concerned the literature and news she was reading. She had read articles and watched documentaries created by a news agency from the Middle East.
An example of such a documentary is the rescue of concentration camp detainees during the Second World War. AA had started watching these documentaries because her father, of Middle Eastern descent, wanted her to learn about different lifestyles and cultures and to have a better understanding of the world.
When AA was questioned by social services, she did her best to answer them. Social services wanted to know why AA was using these particular news agencies as a source of news. Social services suggested alternative news outlets. AA replied that she wanted a better understanding of the world, as her father has suggested and thought the documentaries she watched were educational. She continued that as her father was of Middle Eastern descent, she wanted to know about her cultural heritage. AA was questioned in this manner because her relatives were concerned that her father was radicalising her.
What is disturbing about cases such as these are the spurious allegations being pursued and the exercising of powers by authorities under PREVENT. Based on the articles which were read and the documentaries that were watched, there should have been no cause for concern by social services. However, social services still exercised their powers to question a student for something which should not have been a cause for concern.


Google recently released its Year in Search 2018 data, outlining the most popular questions the world has posed to the search engine this year. Many topics were covered on the most-searched list, from celebrities to "how to vote" and, in terms of health, the extremely popular ketogenic diet was the most-searched diet in 2018.
From celebrities like Vinny from the Jersey Shore (@ketoguido) and Kourtney Kardashian endorsing the low-carb, high-fat diet to seeing keto-weight loss stories all over Instagram — BTW, #keto has more than 9.3 million Instagram posts — it's no surprise that people were looking into the keto trend for themselves.
While it seems like this diet sort of popped up this year, it actually has a deep-rooted history in the treatment of epilepsy. In the 1920s, doctors discovered that starvation forces the body to burn acid-forming fat for energy. And acid, aka "ketones," is actually beneficial for people with epilepsy, because it lowers brain electricity, which can prevent seizures from occurring, according to "the history of the ketogenic diet," a report published in Epilepsia.
Obviously, this was a huge medical breakthrough, but doctors quickly realized that fasting is not a sustainable long-term solution, even if it does keep seizures at bay. They eventually figured out that a low-carb, high-fat diet could lead to the same results, and be just as effective for treating epilepsy, and just like that, the ketogenic diet was born, Refinery29 explains.
Today, dieters utilize the ketogenic diet as a method for weight loss, maintenance or plain 'ol healthy eating. The ketogenic diet involves bringing carbohydrates down to less than five percent of a person's daily caloric intake – which means eliminating most grains, fruit, starchy vegetables, legumes and sweets. That lack of carbs is replaced by calories with fat. That fat is then turned into "ketone bodies," which are an alternative energy source: besides glucose derived from carbohydrates, ketones from fat are the only fuel the brain can use, according to scientists at the University of California San Francisco.
"The key with [the keto diet] is it has to be medically monitored, meaning there really should be a doctor overseeing it," Melissa Matteo, a registered dietitian and certified diabetes educator at Cleveland Clinic, told Refinery29. For example, Matteo has patients transitioning to the ketogenic diet get lab work to see if they have any electrolyte imbalances, and she will closely monitor uric acid levels throughout the diet, because those tend to be elevated during a high-protein low-carb diet and can lead to gout, a form of arthritis.
If that doesn't prove to you the no-joke nature of this diet, then this probably will: 70 to 80-percent of your daily calories on a keto regimen will come from fat, and about five percent come from carbohydrates, which can be a huge change for most people consuming the Standard American Diet, per the Cleveland Clinic.
So, on keto you're eating around 20 grams of carbs a day, including fruits and vegetables. Plus, you're not supposed to eat starchy foods like bread, rice, potatoes, or beans. No dairy, including milk and yogurt, and absolutely no sugar, either, according to the Cleveland Clinic.
Needless to say, the diet isn't for everyone. But some people achieve great success via this low-carb diet.
"If somebody's interested in this, they just need to do their homework, and really research what it all entails," Matteo told Refinery29, which means understanding what this will entail in the short term, but also long term. A diet as rigid and limiting as the ketogenic diet comes with a full basket of challenges, because ultimately you're drastically changing your diet and eliminating necessary — and very delicious — nutrients.
Now, we're left to ponder the diets that will rule the school in 2019.


Now, you'll be directed to the Joomla installation window, just wait and it will start the installation automatically.
Now, you'll be directed to your Joomla portal, use the username: user and password: bitnami to log in.
You'll then be directed to your administrator panel.
Congratulations, you've successfully installed a Joomla container on Dply, we're going to cover installing more web applications images using Docker on Dply in the following posts.


With your hosting Control Panel, you will be able to monitor all aspects of your online presence. You will be granted access to elaborate stats, which will offer you up-to-the-minute information about the resources your sites are consuming and the visitors they are receiving. You will also find some important info about our system in general. The info is divided into sections, so you can easily find your way around.
This section will offer you detailed information about the hosting server your web hosting account is located on. You can check the OS, the physical IP and the current PHP/Perl/MySQL versions used, find more information about the currently installed Perl modules and the incoming and outgoing mail servers, keep track of the server load, etc.
This section permits you to view the access and error logs for the web sites hosted in your account. An access log contains a list of all the files uploaded to your web site, including text files, image files, video files, etc. that people have requested to view. The error log, on the other hand, captures all warnings and errors associated with your website and helps you avoid any eventual problems with the site's availability.
This section gives you comprehensive, up-to-date info about the visits to your website. You can choose between two famous website statistics tools - Webalizer and Awstats. They offer elaborate info about the number of hits, visits and page requests on a daily and monthly basis. You can find statistics for all the domains and subdomains hosted in your account.
The hosting server's CPU is used to serve your web pages to your visitors. The more elaborate and resource-absorbing your web sites are, the more CPU time will be required. This section permits you to keep an eye on your CPU usage. You should take measures to optimize your websites if the CPU usage limit has been reached. You can see exhaustive stats for each day and month or for a full calendar year.


text:
Verify: You won't believe what's happening in far West Texas
David Schechter | Verify | WFAA-TV Dallas-Ft. Worth | May 3, 2019
Editor's Note: The following story was produced by WFAA-TV. The weekly news segment, Verify, is seen on 44 top-rated network affiliate television stations throughout the United States, including 11 Texas markets ranging from ABC and Fox stations (e.g., Midland, San Angelo, San Antonio, Houston, DFW, Austin, Longview).
To watch the video, click here.
PECOS, Texas—Welcome to the Permian Basin, six hours west of Dallas.
Compared to the last West Texas oil boom in 2014, there's almost four times more oil flowing in the Permian Basin.
Oil and gas companies have turned this dusty, desert landscape into a heavy industrial zone. Small towns, once sleepy, are now exploding. The pace is so frantic, I want to know if Texas has the infrastructure and resources to keep this up?
Thousands of heavy trucks heading out to the oil fields around Orla, Texas.
LEAVING PECOS
It's 5:30am, in Pecos, Texas, and I'm meeting up with Jesse Lane. He's been working in the West Texas oil field for two years as the operations manager of Nimble Crane.
"Anything heavy that needs to be moved in the Permian Basin, we pick it up," he tells me.
"Which is a lot of stuff out here?" I ask.
"Everything," he says.
Most of the guys out here work 21 days with seven days off. It's common to clock 100-hour work weeks. Workers live in pop-up trailer parks or portable motels called "man camps."
Jesse told me I wouldn't believe what's going on unless I saw it for myself. So I came. We started our tour by checking out a few gas stations in town where heavy trucks are lined up to get fuel.
"So, it's 5:45 in the morning and look at the line to get fuel. In this little town where there should be nothing going on," Jesse says.
We're making our way west, from Pecos to the town of Orla, deeper into the oil fields. We make a left turn onto a highway that's jammed with oversized trucks.
"Left turn into traffic. Wrong time of day," Jesse tells me as we wait. "Everybody right with Jesus? It's the wild west, man," Jesse says.
As the sun rises, traffic on the two-lane highway is completely stopped. We're a half-mile from Orla, population 56. There's a four-way stop in town and hundreds of heavy trucks all need to squeeze through.
Jesse Lane's been working in the West Texas oil fields for two years. He's the operations at a crane company. He contacted Verify, telling us we had to see the boom for ourselves.
Chance Horner
"How long will this take us to get to Orla," I ask.
"About an hour," he says of the half-mile traffic jam.
"What's the situation with the roads?" I ask.
"Roads are horrible. Everything you see out here is heavy. Trucks are easily 80,000 pounds," Jesse says. "Too many trucks the roads aren't designed for it," he adds.
"Why did you want us to come out here?" I say to Jesse.
"I wanted you to see this mess. I wanted you to see the miles of traffic that back up. It's miserable. But if you have a pulse you can make $100,000. So, naturally, we're here," Jesse tells me.
THE ROADS
John Speed runs this region for the Texas Department of Transportation.
"The area here in Pecos is traffic jams out the wazoo," Speed says. "That is a very small community that has exploded. No one was expecting oil out here."
Speed says that innovation in the fracking process is why there are so many trucks out here.
During the last boom, horizontal drilling went out about a half mile. Today, with advances in technology, crews can drill out two miles and beyond.
That requires far more of the resources essential to fracking -- water and sand.
"The amount of material that has to be moved is vastly different than just a few years ago," Speed says. "Those surfaces are deteriorating at a much faster rate than we'd like to see them deteriorate."
Fixing the roads comes at a cost. The Permian Basin now uses 10-times more of the state's highway funds than it used to.
"Is TxDOT's role to enable this boom and expansion to keep going?" I ask.
"Yes. It's one of them," Speed says. "We're trying to keep those roads up, so they can have a reliable source of that material at the well site when they need it."
Crumbling roads aren't Jesse's only problems out here. It takes a lot of power to make oil and gas.
"There's not enough electricity out here. We have power outages left and right because of the draw. It's much worse in the summer too. You have rolling blackouts. Lots of times when it's 100 degrees but you have no air conditioner in the place that you're staying," he says.
The agency that runs Texas' power grid, ERCOT, is warning about "significant oil and gas development in far West Texas…" And that's one reason, on the hottest summer days, the system will feel more strain.
To learn more, I went to see Geoff Bailey, with Oncor, the company that delivers electricity. We're touring some of the company's West Texas infrastructure. He says, in some places, Oncor has seen a 400 percent increase in demand for power.
"Were you ready for a 400 percent increased demand?" I ask him.
"From 2014 to 2018, the past four or five years, Oncor invested $1.6 billion in West Texas in infrastructure just like this," Geoff says.
He says Oncor is spending that money because it's confident that low oil prices will not be as damaging to the Permian Basin as they used to be.
The break-even price of oil is the lowest price before you start losing money. According to an analysis by Rystad Energy in 2014, the average break-even price was $96 dollars a barrel. Today, the break-even is down to $45, meaning the Permian Basin can survive lower prices.
"We're putting this infrastructure in place not just to meet the demand of the next few years but to meet the demand of the next generation," Geoff says.
About 50 minutes south is the town of Balmorhea, home to the world's largest spring-fed swimming pool. The 85-year-old pool is bigger than an acre and full of fish. From here you can see the Davis Mountains.
The same desert spring water that feeds the pool also fills the Lake Balmorhea reservoir and supports the people and agriculture through a system of canals.
I'm riding around the area with JD Newsom, Executive Director of the Big Bend Conservation Alliance. He's an advocate for protecting and preserving the way of life in far West Texas.
"Balmorhea is something that people know around Texas because they've been here, and they love it," I say.
"It's a true treasure of West Texas," JD says.
"Do you feel like there is some threat to its future?" I ask.
"It's certainly a concern of ours. The faster the water depletes the most risk these spring systems face," he tells me.
Reporter David Schechter swims at Balmorhea State Park, a massive, spring-fed pool in the middle of the desert.
A study from Duke University found that it takes 11 million gallons of water to frack one well in the Permian Basin, and the demand for water to drill here is up to a 770 percent.
When it comes to water, Texas follows the "rule of capture." Basically, that means you have the right to pump and use any water under your property.
According to Texas A&M University, "Texas courts have consistently ruled that a landowner has a right to pump all the water that he can from beneath his land regardless of the effect on wells of adjacent owners."
"When the water's right here, realistically this is the first place you're going to go to try and get the water, right?" I ask JD.
"In order for us to better manage the water we're going to have to have some different policies in effect," he says.
"Doesn't that get in the way of?" I ask, as JD finishes my sentence.
"Progress and development? Sure," he says.
"Pecos and the areas around there are booming. Boom towns. Do you want to stop that industrialization from coming here?" I ask.
"I don't think that's the answer. And would be a naïve way to look at it. It's not a matter of if but when. I don't think it should be just a one-sided conversation that we have to have progress and development and we have to extract oil and gas. We need to be having the conversation about what's important for us," he adds.
So, we've seen people are willing to work for high salaries but low quality of life. The roads are bad but getting better. Electricity is tight, but more is coming. And drilling keeps getting more efficient.
Can the infrastructure in Texas keep up this growth? Yes.
But I think we have to keep JD's questions in mind… can we find ways to do all this and still leave the best of Texas for the next generation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Œuvres

Cinéma
 Gemini, un film japonais réalisé par Shin'ya Tsukamoto en 1999 ;
 Gémini, un film japonais réalisé par Saran en 2002 ;
 Gemini, un film nord-américain réalisé par Aaron Katz et sorti en 2017.

Musique
 Gemini, une chanson du groupe de rock The Alan Parsons Project ;
 Gemini, un album de Macklemore, sorti le  ;
 Gemini, un album d'Adrien Gallo, sorti le 3 novembre 2014.

Autres
Gemini peut aussi désigner :
 Gemini, un groupe musical portugais ;
 Gemini, un vaisseau spatial développé dans le cadre du programme Gemini ;
 Gemini, le nom latin de la constellation des Gémeaux ;
 Gemini, une marque de matériel audio ;
 Gemini, le manège de montagnes russes de Cedar Point ;
 Gemini, un auteur de bandes dessinées ;
 Gemini, un artiste, notamment produisant de la chillstep (genre musical) et autres dérivés de musique électronique ;
Gemini, un protocole Internet se voulant un complément minimaliste et non-extensible à HTTP.

Voir aussi
 Prix Gemini (ou Prix Gémeaux), des prix attribués au Canada aux professionnels de la télévision
 Programme Gemini (1963-1966), un programme de la NASA antérieur au programme Apollo
 Parc éolien de Gemini, une ferme éolienne en mer au large des Pays-Bas
 Autotune Gemini, une automobile
 Moteur V8 Gemini, une famille de moteurs V8 conçue par General Motors
 BGO Gemini, une association LGBT en Bulgarie
 Observatoire Gemini, un ensemble de deux grands télescopes, l'un situé dans l'hémisphère nord, à Hawaii, l'autre dans l'hémisphère sud, au Chili
 Gémini Films, une société française de production de cinéma et de distribution de films
 Cap Gemini, une entreprise de services du numérique française

Homonymie de titre

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Xbox One je videoherní konzole, kterou vyvinula a uvedla na trh společnost Microsoft. Xbox One, nástupce Xbox 360, byl oznámen 21. května 2013 a jde o třetí konzoli z rodiny Xbox. Jako součást osmé generace videoherních konzolí soutěží na trhu s Playstation 4 od Sony a Wii U se Switch od Nintenda. Xbox One byl uveden na trh  v Severní Americe, několika evropských zemích, Austrálii a na Novém Zélandu. V Japonsku a zbývajících evropských zemích vyšel v září 2014. Podle Microsoftu a různých publikací je zařízení označováno jako "zábavní systém v jednom", což jej staví do role konkurenta ostatních domácích zařízení, jako jsou platformy Apple TV a Android TV. Obsahuje 8. jádrový AMD procesor.

Nová konzole, která se vrací k dříve používané architektuře x86, použité v prvním Xboxu, namísto architektury založené na PowerPC z Xboxu 360, obsahuje procesor AMD postavený okolo sady instrukcí x86-64. Xbox One klade zvýšený důraz na integraci zábavy, nabízí možnost pracovat s několika aplikacemi na rozdělené obrazovce a zlepšenou podporu druhé obrazovky. Konzole zahrnuje nově vylepšený pohybový senzor Kinect, který byl u předchozí generace pouze nepovinným doplňkem. Microsoft vyzdvihuje integraci Kinectu do Xbox One prostřednictvím prvků a funkcí, jako je vestavěný klient Skype pro videokonference, rozpoznávání uživatele a jeho sledování a možnost používat hlasové příkazy a gesta k navigaci v uživatelském rozhraní konzole. Mezi nové herní funkce patří rozšířená služba Xbox Live, vylepšená funkčnost Kinectu, využívání cloudu, schopnost automaticky nahrávat a sdílet ukázky z her a podpora pro online živé streamy.

Počáteční politika konzole ohledně požadavků na online připojení, povinné integrace s Kinectem, nejednoznačná omezení týkající se předprodejů a sdílení použitých her, a vyšší cena v porovnání s přímou konkurencí vedly po oznámení nového Xboxu k převážně smíšeným recenzím a reakcím. Na základě této kritiky Microsoft oznámil, že od těchto omezení upustí.

Historie

Xbox One je nástupce Xboxu 360, předchozí videoherní konzole od Microsoftu, která byla představena v roce 2005 jako součást sedmé generace videoherních konzolí. Starší typ, který Microsoft již nevyrábí, podstoupil několik malých hardwarových revizí, jež měly za cíl snížit jeho velikost a zlepšit spolehlivost. V roce 2010 Chris Lewis z Microsoftu uvedl, že 360 je v půli cesty svého životního cyklu, což bylo podpořeno představením senzoru Kinect, jenž měl podle Lewise prodloužit životnost konzole o dalších pět let.

Původní hardware nástupce 360, obecně označovaný v branži jako "Xbox 720", se údajně dostal do rukou vývojářů již v květnu 2011. Má se za to, že oficiální vývojářský kit, jenž nesl kódové označení Durango, byl pro vývojáře dostupný v polovině roku 2012. Uniklé dokumenty naznačují, že nová konzole obsahovala vylepšený Kinect, cloudový přístup k hrám a médiím a integraci s telefony a tablety. Microsoft tyto uniklé prvky a vlastnosti nijak nekomentoval. Uniklé designové dokumenty rovněž poukazovaly na fakt, že se Microsoft snaží eliminovat možnost hraní použitých her, ačkoli později vysvětlil, že stále "přemýšleli o tom, co bude dál, a jak můžeme s Kinectem posouvat hranice technologie, jakou jsme vytvořili". Každopádně k platnosti této informace se opět nevyjádřil.

Konzole byla veřejně odhalena pod názvem Xbox One 21. května 2013 na tiskové konferenci, jejímž cílem bylo pokrýt široké multimediální a sociální možnosti nového Xboxu. Druhá tisková konference ohledně konzole se konala během E3 10. června 2013 se zaměřením na funkce vztahující se k videohrám. V té době Microsoft oznámil, že konzole bude uvedena na trh v 21 zemích, ale toto stanovisko bylo později změněno na 13. Tato změna, která znamenala posunutí data uvedení na trh v 8 zemích na rok 2014, byla vysvětlována nepředvídatelnou složitostí lokalizace nového Kinectu. Mezigeneracemi konzole Xbox One jsou Xbox One S 2016, Xbox One X 2017.

Hardware
Vnější plášť Xboxu One je opatřen dvoubarevným lakem v odstínu "tekuté černé", přičemž jedna polovina je vyvedena v matně šedé a druhá v lesklejší černé. Design má vyvolávat dojem na zábavu více orientovaného a zjednodušeného vzhledu než u předchozí generace. Vedle jiných změn byly nahrazeny LED kroužky používané v Xboxu 360 za zářící bílé logo Xbox, podle něhož uživatel pozná aktuální status systému.

V konzoli se nachází APU AMD "Jaguar" s dvěma čtyřjádrovými moduly s celkem osmi jádry x86-64 taktovanými na 1,75 GHz a 8 GB DDR3 RAM s propustností 68,3 GB/s. Paměťový podsystém také obsahuje dalších 32 MB "vložené statické" RAM (neboli ESRAM) s propustností 109 GB/s. Eurogameru bylo sděleno, že pro simultánní operace čtení a zápisu je ESRAM schopná teoretické propustnosti 192 GB/s a že v případě operací, jež zahrnovaly zpracování průhlednosti textur, je propustnost 133 GB/s. V konzoli se dále nachází nevyměnitelný pevný disk o kapacitě 500 GB a optická Blu-ray mechanika. Pro hry je na pevném disku k dispozici okolo 362 GB, podpora pro externí disky bude přidána v některé z budoucích aktualizací.

Bylo oznámeno, že 3 GB RAM jsou vyhrazeny pro operační systém a aplikace, tudíž 5 GB připadne na hry. Grafický procesor (GPU) je založen na architektuře AMD GCN s 12 výpočetními jednotkami s celkem 768 jádry, běžících na 853 MHz a poskytujících odhadovaný maximální teoretický výkon 1,31 TFLOPů. V případě sítí Xbox One podporuje gigabitový ethernet, bezdrátový standard 802.11n a Wi-Fi Direct.

Xbox One podporuje grafický výstup v rozlišení 4K (3840x2160) (2160p) a prostorový zvuk 7.1. Yusuf Mehdi, viceprezident marketingu a strategie společnosti Microsoft, uvedl, že neexistuje žádné hardwarové omezení, které by bránilo hrám ve spuštění v rozlišení 4K. Xbox One – na rozdíl od Xboxu 360 – nepodporuje 1080i a další prokládané rozlišení. Rovněž nepodporuje kompozitní nebo komponentní video a naopak podporuje HDMI 1.4 pro vstup i výstup.

Konzole dokáže sledovat svou vnitřní teplotu a patřičně tak zareagovat v případě hrozby přehřátí. Vedle zvýšení rychlosti větráku mohou být přijata další opatření, a to včetně přinucení hardwaru ke spuštění v nižším energetickém stavu, což je vlastnost, která nebyla přítomna na Xboxu 360. Omezení spotřeby energie snižuje maximální výkon, nicméně tato možnost je pouze jakousi poslední záchrannou brzdou před trvalým poškozením přístroje.

Ovladač
Ovladač pro Xbox One si zachovává celkové uspořádání svého předchůdce. Směrový ovladač byl změněn na čtyřsměrový, prostor pro baterie je štíhlejší, tlačítka Start a Back byla nahrazena tlačítky Menu a View. Každá spoušť disponuje nezávislými motorky (nazývané jako "Impulse Triggers"), které umožňují vývojářům naprogramovat směrové vibrace. Jedna spoušť může být naprogramována k vibraci při střelbě zbraně, případně obě mohou pracovat společně na vytvoření zpětné vazby, jež určí směr příchozího zásahu. Microsoft investoval do vylepšení designu ovladače pro Xbox One přes 100 milionů dolarů.

Kinect
K Xboxu One je přibalen vylepšený senzor Kinect pro sledování pohybu a rozpoznávání hlasu. Nový Kinect používá širokoúhlou kameru s rozlišením 1080p (v porovnání s VGA rozlišením předchozí verze) a zpracovává 2 gigabity dat za sekundu při analyzování svého okolí. Nový Kinect je přesnější než jeho předchůdce, dokáže sledovat až 6 lidí najednou, sledovat tepovou frekvenci a gesta vytvářená ovladačem Xbox One a skenovat QR kódy kvůli uplatňování dárkových karet Xbox Live. Mikrofon Kinectu zůstává ve výchozím nastavení aktivní po celou dobu, takže může v případě potřeby přijímat od uživatele hlasové povely, i když je konzole v režimu spánku (takže může být probuzena pomocí povelu).

Stejně jako tomu bylo na Xboxu 360, tak i na Xbox One je použití Kinectu volitelné, přičemž způsob, jakým bude senzor fungovat, lze upravit v nastavení soukromí.

Verze nového Kinectu kompatibilní se systémem Windows byla k dostání v roce 2014 ,ale dnes už se nevyrábí.

Software a služby

Mediální propojitelnost
Podobně jako ve Windows 8, i na Xboxu One lze přesouvat aplikace (jako hudbu, videa, Skype a Internet Explorer) ke straně obrazovky a pracovat na více věcech naráz.

Ovládání hlasem
Konzole nabízí podobnou, třebaže bohatší sadu možností ovládaných hlasem než tu, kterou nabízel Kinect první generace, což umožňuje uživateli ovládat funkce Xboxu prostřednictvím hlasových povelů. Uživatelé mohou rovněž iniciovat konverzaci přes Skype.

Operační systém
V zařízení údajně běží tři operační systémy: Xbox OS, OS založený na jádře systému Windows, a další OS, jenž umožňuje dvěma operačním systémům komunikovat virtualizací (jako hypervisor). Tato integrace dovoluje například volání přes Skype, zatímco se uživatel nachází v některé z her.

Jádro Windows na Xboxu není kompatibilní se standardními aplikacemi Windows, ačkoli vývojáři je budou schopní portovat za cenu pouze malého úsilí

Xbox Live
Microsoft prohlásil, že služba Xbox Live byla rozšířena tak, aby bylo pro uživatele Xbox One k dispozici na 300 000 serverů. Už se však nezmínil, kolik z těchto serverů je fyzických a kolik virtuálních. Úložiště cloud je dostupné k ukládání her a dalšího obsahu, přičemž vývojáři mají možnost využít servery služby Live (spolu s cloudovou výpočetní platformou Windows Azure), aby nabídli hráčům dynamické změny v rámci jejich hry. Služba si i nadále zachovává systém předplatného. Seznam přátel byl rozšířen na 1000 kontaktů.

SmartGlass
Xbox SmartGlass rozšiřuje funkčnost Xbox One, když zařízení, která pohánějí systémy Windows Phone, Windows 8, iOS a Android, lze použít jako "druhou obrazovku". Ukázka během tiskové konference na E3 demonstrovala využití na tabletu, kdy bylo možné na pozadí upravit nastavení pro multiplayerovou hru, zatímco na televizi byla hrána jiná hra.

Nahrávání a streamování
Předplatitelé Zlatého členství Xbox Live mohou používat aplikaci Upload Studio k editování a sdílení klipů z posledních pěti minut hraní, které konzole automaticky nahrává. Integrace se steamovací platformou Twitch bude zavedena v roce 2014. Poté budou uživatelé schopni pomocí hlasových povelů okamžitě začít streamovat svou aktuální hru a použít mikrofon Kinectu ke komentování svého počínání.

Hry
Microsoft představil několik svých her i her od dalších vývojářů pro Xbox One na své tiskové konferenci na E3, přičemž některé z nich jsou pro tuto platformu exluzivní. Mezi vlastní odhalené hry na Xbox One patřily Forza Motorsport 5, Ryse: Son of Rome, Quantum Break, vzkříšení Killer Instinct, Project Spark a krátká upoutávka na nadcházející hru z univerza Halo.

Hry na Xbox One jsou distribuovány na Blu-ray discích a digitálně prostřednictvím Xbox Games Store. Všechny hry na Xbox One (ať už digitálně nebo fyzicky zakoupené) musí být uloženy na pevný disk konzole. V případě fyzických kopií je k hraní zapotřebí disk. Pokud je však hra nainstalována na jiné konzoli a majitel dané konzole z nějakého důvodu nemá přístup k disku hry, má možnost odemknout si instalaci na pevný disk, a to po zakoupení hry na Xbox Live. Nainstalovaná hra se poté chová jako digitální kopie. Hry pro jednoho hráče, které těží z výhod cloudu, vyžadují připojení k internetu.

Xbox One původně nedisponoval zpětnou kompatibilitou s hrami na původní Xbox nebo Xbox 360. Larry "Major Nelson" Nelson, ředitel programování Xbox Live, uvedl, že uživatelé mohou teoreticky použít port HDMI-in na konzoli, aby spustili Xbox 360 skrze Xbox One. Senior ředitel Albert Penello odhalil v rozhovoru možnost, že Microsoft by mohl v budoucnu nabídnout zpětnou kompatibilitu se staršími hrami prostřednictvím cloudového herního systému. Zpětná kompatibilita byla uvedena v roce 2015.

Přijetí

Před vydáním
Po oficiálním odhalení v květnu 2013 přišla redakce Game Informeru jak s chválou, tak i kritikou na konzoli. Matt Helgeson popsal konzoli jako záměr Microsoftu na "ovládnutí obývacího pokoje". Okamžité přepínací funkce Xboxu One označil za "působivé" a samotnou konzoli za "krok správným směrem", co se týče TV zábavy, zejména pak možnost vyhnutí se používání neintuitivního uživatelského rozhraní na četných kabelových set-top boxech. Jeff Cork řekl, že Microsoft má ohledně konzole "několik výborných nápadů", ale že selhal při jejich správné interpretaci.

Po tiskové konferenci Microsoftu na E3 10. června 2013 se vnímání kritiků ohledně Xboxu One změnilo. Několik redaktorů serveru GameSpot bylo dosti kritických. Mark Walton označil startovací tituly pro Xbox One uvedené na konferenci za "nemastné, neslané" a sužované "starými kravaťáky a proudem populárních rádoby slovíček". Hry byly prý "povrchní, přičemž oceňují vizuální stránku před inovací", což je přesný opak toho, co slíbil Microsoft prezentovat v průběhu akce, kterou označil za "novou generaci hraní". A to nemluvě o přísných restrikcích ohledně správy digitálních práv (DRM). Redaktor Tom McShea poznamenal, že i přes zvýšený potenciál Xboxu One a jeho orientaci na cloud se prezentace skládala pouze z "krásných her, které nenabízely žádnou viditelnou změnu v samotném zážitku z hraní oproti Xboxu 360, takže stávající majitelé nemají moc důvodu utratit 499 dolarů za novou konzoli." Novináři a spotřebitelé vtipně pojmenovali konzoli jako "Xbone", aby tak dali Microsoftu najevo, že mnohá jeho rozhodnutí se zakládala na špatném úsudku. Po tiskové konferenci Sony později téhož večera McShea pokračoval, když označil Microsoft za protizákaznický a snažící se "potrestat své věrné zákazníky" přísnými omezeními a že kvůli "trvání na omezeních ohledně použitých her a nutnosti být neustále online, které Microsoft tak radostně implementoval do Xboxu One, byla Sony se svou konzolí PlayStation 4 pasována za favorita letošních Vánoc."

Rafi Mohammed, autor knihy "The Art of Pricing" řekl televizi Bloomberg, že Microsoft nasadil cenu pro Xbox One "příliš vysoko" a že těch 100 dolarů navíc oproti svému konkurentovi by mohlo konzoli o letošních Vánocích "vykolejit".

Prodeje
22. listopadu 2013 Microsoft potvrdil, že prodal jeden milion konzolí Xbox One během prvních 24 hodin po uvedení na trh. Na základě sledování zhruba 102 000 nákupních stvrzenek společností InfoScout, na nichž se v 1500 případech objevil nákup buď videohry, nebo videoherní konzole, se Xbox One stal ve Spojených státech v období slev na Černý pátek nejprodávanější konzolí.

11. prosince 2013 Microsoft oznámil, že prodal okolo 2 milionů kusů za prvních 18 dnů. 12. prosince 2013 pak uvedl, že na základě údajů NPD Group šlo o nejrychleji prodávanou konzoli ve Spojených státech, ačkoli zpráva NPD objasnila, že "prodeje PlayStation 4 zahrnovaly další týden v rámci porovnávání listopadových dat oproti Xbox One. Podíváme-li se na prodeje na bázi průměrných týdenních čísel, pak Xbox One porazil PS4. Nicméně je třeba mít na paměti, že ve druhém týdnu po uvedení na trh bývají dodávky zařízení obvykle značně omezeny."

6. ledna 2014 Microsoft oznámil, že před koncem roku 2013 se celosvětově prodalo přes 3 miliony konzolí.

Microsoft ve své finanční zprávě za 2. kvartál fiskálního roku 2014, která byla uveřejněna 23. ledna 2014, oznámil, že celosvětově bylo vyexpedováno 3,9 milionů kusů konzole Xbox One.

12. listopadu 2014 společnost Microsoft oznámila, že dodala po celém světě téměř 10 milionů kusů. Microsoft oznámil v říjnu 2015, že již nebude zveřejňovat údaje o prodejích systému, údaj z listopadu 2014 je tak stále nejnovějším oficiálním prodejním číslem.

Analytik průmyslu videoher Daniel Ahmad odhadl, že k lednu 2019 bylo prodáno přibližně 41 milionů kusů konzole. Kalifornská Turtle Beach Corporation odhadla prodeje konzole ke třetímu čtvrtletí roku 2019 na 50 milionů. V té době to byla zhruba polovina prodejů konkurenční PS4.

Kontroverze

Použité hry a politika ověřování přes internet
Při prvním odhalení konzole Microsoft představil řadu funkcí a politik pro hry na Xbox One, které měly klást důraz na "neustále připojenou" konzoli a digitální obsah, což mělo přinést řadu výhod jak pro vývojáře, tak pro hráče. Systém DRM by provázal všechny hry (ať už by byly zakoupeny ve fyzické, nebo digitální podobě) s uživatelovým účtem Xbox Live a jeho konzolí Xbox One. Systém by umožnil lokální přístup k uživatelovým hrám prostřednictvím herní knihovny založené na cloudu na kterémkoli dalším Xboxu One. Herní knihovna by byla sdílena až s deseti vybranými "rodinnými" členy (každou hru by v daný okamžik mohl hrát pouze jeden uživatel). Tento systém by však rovněž vyžadoval připojování konzole k internetu v pravidelných intervalech (nejméně jednou za 24 hodin), aby došlo k synchronizaci knihovny a stažení aktualizací do her. Pokud by k tomu nedošlo, hru by nebylo možné hrát do té doby, dokud by nebyla konzole znovu připojena k internetu. Uživatelé by mohli obchodovat či vyměňovat hry "vybraných prodejců" bez jakýchkoli dalších poplatků a také je přímo půjčovat kterémukoli svému příteli ze seznamu na Xbox Live po dobu alespoň 30 dnů, ale pouze jedenkrát.

V reakci na rostoucí kritiku Microsoft vydal 19. června 2013 prohlášení, ve kterém nastínil, jak budou původně navržené politiky zmírněny na podobnou úroveň, která platí pro Xbox 360. Nově se už nepočítalo s požadavkem na připojení k internetu, žádným ověřováním disku a regionálními omezeními. V důsledku změn se upustilo i od rodinného sdílení, stejně jako od sdílené digitálních titulů. Marc Whitten, vrchní produktový ředitel Xbox One, uvedl, že k odstranění možnosti rodinného sdílení došlo z důvodu revize politik Xbox One, aby bylo možné dodat konzole včas, a že tento prvek může být v budoucnu zakomponován zpět. Při prvním připojení Xboxu One k internetu je nutné stáhnout aktualizace, na základě níž se zpřístupní offline režim a aktualizuje systémový software, jenž umožní další změny politiky. Ve svém prohlášení týkající se nových politik Mattrick uvedl, že společnost si vzala k srdci negativní názor veřejnosti, a zároveň poděkoval za zpětnou vazbu, jež "restrukturalizovala budoucnost Xbox One". Mattrick, který stál v čele vývoje Xbox One, ohlásil 1. července 2013 svůj odchod z Microsoftu. Stal se CEO ve společnosti Zynga. Analytici spekulovali, že jeho odchod je spjat se špatnou odezvou a následným zrušením četných plánů pro Xbox One.

Obavy z ochrany soukromí
Časté používání Kinectu ze strany konzole se stalo předmětem obav ohledně potenciálního využití ke sledování, které vyplývalo z původně ohlášeného požadavku na neustálé připojení periferie ke konzoli. Zastánci soukromí tvrdili, že zvýšené množství údajů, které mohly být novým Kinectem shromažďovány (například pohyby očí, srdeční frekvence a nálada), by mohly být využity k cílené reklamě. Rovněž se vyrojily zprávy o patentech Microsoftu zahrnující Kinect (jako třeba DRM na základě detekování počtu diváků v místnosti) a sledování návyků uživatelů udělováním úspěchů (achievementů) za sledování televizních programů a reklam. Zatímco Microsoft uvedl, že jeho zásady ochrany osobních údajů "zakazují shromažďování, uchovávání nebo používání údajů z Kinectu pro reklamní účely", kritici nevyloučili možnost, že tyto politiky by mohly být před vydáním konzole změněny. Rovněž byly vzneseny obavy, že zařízení by mohlo nahrávat konverzaci, neboť jeho mikrofon zůstává aktivní po celou dobu. V reakci na kritiku mluvčí společnosti Microsoft uvedl, že obsah vytvářený uživateli jako fotky a videa "neopustí váš Xbox One bez explicitního souhlasu" a že během počátečního nastavení konzole budou k dispozici klíčové informace ohledně soukromí a nastavení Kinectu (uživatelé mohou určit, zda má být Kinect zapnutý, vypnutý nebo v pozastaveném stavu). Microsoft se nakonec rozhodl vzít zpět své rozhodnutí o nutném používání Kinectu na Xbox One, přesto je periferie dodávána spolu s konzolí.

Novější verze

Xbox One S
Zmenšený Xbox One (typ 1681) vyšel v srpnu 2016 jako nástupnická verze původní konzole, k dispozici byl s 500 GB, 1 TB a 2TB diskové kapacity. Jde o 40 % menší verzi než původní model. Přibyl infračervený port, bluetooth 4.0 a HDMI port byl aktualizován z verze 1,4 na 2,0. Naopak byl odstraněn port na Kinect senzor, ten se dá připojit jen přes dokoupený konektor. Nepatrná je také změna jeho výkonu, grafický výkon narostl z 1.31 teraFLOPS na 1.4 teraFLOPS.

Xbox One S All-Digital Edition
16. dubna 2019 Microsoft uvedl "online" verzi Xbox One S nazvanou Xbox One S All-Digital Edition, která neobsahuje optickou jednotku Blu-ray. Jde o 1 TB verzi, oficiální prodejní cena startuje na 5999 Kč, a v ceně obsahuje hry Minecraft, Sea of Thieves a Fortnite Battle Royal.

Xbox One X
Modernizovaná verze Xbox One X (typ 1787) vyšla 7. listopadu 2017. Jedná se o verzi se zdokonaleným hardwarem umožňující rozlišení 4K, úpravy dostál také design. Disponuje výkonnějším GPU zvládající až 6 teraFLOPS, rychlejším CPU v taktu 2,3 GHz a RAM 12 GB DDR5, oproti původní konzoli s grafikou 1,31 teraFLOPS, CPU 1,75 GHz a RAM 8 GB DDR3.

Odkazy

Reference

Související články
 Xbox
 Xbox 360
 Xbox Series X
 Microsoft
 Herní konzole

Externí odkazy

 Xbox.cz Oficiální české stránky platformy Xbox

 Xboxweb.cz Fanouškovské stránky o Xbox 360 a Xbox One

Konzole od Microsoftu
Herní konzole osmé generace


text:
title: Alternatives to ammo.js
layout: usermanual-page.hbs
position: 8
---

ammo.js is perhaps the most popular and well known JavaScript physics engine. It is highly versatile and can generate high fidelity simulations. But it has quite high performance and memory requirements. Therefore, you should investigate whether it is indeed the best choice for your application. For example, if you are making a 2D game, a 2D physics engine might be more appropriate.

As it happens, there are several alternatives to ammo.js:

| Physics Engine                                     | JS       | WASM     | 2D       | 3D       | PlayCanvas Integration                                |
|----------------------------------------------------|----------|----------|----------|----------|-------------------------------------------------------|
| [box2d.js](https://github.com/kripken/box2d.js)    | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |          |                                                       |
| [Matter.js](https://github.com/liabru/matter-js)   | ✓ |          | ✓ |          |                                                       |
| [p2.js](https://github.com/schteppe/p2.js)         | ✓ |          | ✓ |          | [Yes](https://github.com/playcanvas/playcanvas-p2.js) |
| [cannon.js](https://github.com/schteppe/cannon.js) | ✓ |          |          | ✓ |                                                       |
| [Oimo.js](https://github.com/lo-th/Oimo.js)        | ✓ |          |          | ✓ |                                                       |

While there is currently only one existing PlayCanvas integration for the p2.js engine, it should be straightforward to create additional integrations for the other engines listed using a similar approach.

In December 2018, Nvidia open sourced the [PhysX][1] physics engine. While there is no JS/WASM port of PhysX yet, it is perhaps the most competitive physics runtime compared to Bullet/ammo.js. When a web port becomes available, it will be added to the table above.

[1]: https://github.com/NVIDIAGameWorks/PhysX

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Import data from Excel to Eco v6.0 in a plot-based sample project?
Hi, this is Kang from China, who is now working in a project in Japan.
I wonder how to import data from an Excel file if I already had the data in Excel format (input manually from paper form) into i-tree Eco v6.0 in a plot-based sample project?
but according to the reply of i-tree team, it was impossible to do that at that time. I wonder if it's possible to make it now?
Re: Import data from Excel to Eco v6.0 in a plot-based sample project?
Unfortunately, import of plot data is still not possible. Unfortunately, that feature is challenging to build because it requires the import of two linked tables (plots and trees) with significant error checking to ensure that data is compatible with i-Tree Eco. At the same time relatively few users have the necessary plot data from a randomized sample. Given the limited number of users requesting this feature and the programming cost plot import is not a current priority.
It is possible to import your data as a complete inventory and perform the necessary statistical calculations to create population level estimates outside of i-Tree Eco. If you are interested in the inventory import process please see this video http://www.itreetools.org/media/watch.p ... hW-SL4QHry. You will need to have some statistical expertise if you are going to create population level estimates from individual tree results for plot data. We do not have the capability to advise on specific statistical matters outside of the i-Tree tools.


text:
At Hamilton Snowber Architects, we view the design and construction process as a creative collaboration between the client, architect and builder to create homes to meet your physical, aesthetic and financial needs. From establishing your design program all the way to moving into your finished home, we provide personal and professional services that make the experience efficient and enjoyable.
Cynthia Hamilton and Chris Snowber have worked with clients in the Washington metropolitan area, as well as other parts of the country (New England, Chesapeake Bay and Coastal Virginia, Midwest), to develop residential projects at a variety of scales and settings. With each project, we seek to develop solutions that respond to the specific needs of the client, site and surrounding context. To meet those needs, we employ the architectural language that is most appropriate, whether traditional, transitional, or more contemporary.
We consider understanding the landscape — the yard, the street, the community, the region — an integral part of any design solution. Throughout the day, through the seasons, a house should interact with its setting in ways that inspire and delight.
Environmentally responsible design leads us to seek solutions which limit a project's impact through the use of green products and practices. In applying these principles, this means maximizing insulation and use of green materials, as well as seeking ways to employ alternative sources of energy, including geothermal, photovoltaic production of electricity and solar collectors for hot water.
Cynthia N. Hamilton, AIA
Cynthia has a wide range of experience in residential design, architectural education and historic preservation. After obtaining her BA from the University of Maryland in Art History and American Decorative Arts, Cynthia worked for the St. Mary's City Commission, the Maryland Historic Trust and the Smithsonian Institution. She went on to earn a Master of Architecture from Yale, and then worked at Moore Grover Harper Architects in Connecticut before teaching architecture at Auburn University and Carnegie-Mellon University. She established her own residential firm in Washington, DC in 1985. Chris joined her in 1990 to form Hamilton Snowber Architects.
cynthia@hamiltonsnowber.com
Christopher R. Snowber, AIA
Chris has maintained a strong connection to residential architecture since the beginning of his career. After graduating from Antioch College, he worked with several DC design firms before heading off to manage a construction project in West Africa. He obtained a Master of Architecture from Carnegie-Mellon University before returning to Washington, where he spent time at Martin and Jones Architects and Hartman Cox Architects. In 1990, he joined Cynthia in establishing Hamilton Snowber Architects. Aside from his work with the firm, Chris has also committed himself to work in the community: as one of the founders of the pro-bono service group Community Design Services, serving on the CRAN Committee (Custom Residential Architects Network) for the Capital Area, and on the board of ILO (Integrated Living Opportunities), a non-profit organization established to provide housing and other services for adults with intellectual disabilities.
chris@hamiltonsnowber.com
Katharine Scott
Katie received her Bachelor of Architecture from Cornell University and is a Registered Architect in the District of Columbia. Katie previously practiced commercial and interior architecture, leading several international projects for Lehman Smith McLeish before joining Hamilton Snowber in 2015. A native Washingtonian, Katie grew up in the Cleveland Park and Palisades neighborhoods. She is inspired by the house as a stage for family memories and is pursuing her passion for residential design. Katie and her husband have two young children, with whom they are creating many happy memories at their home in American University Park.
katie@hamiltonsnowber.com
Matt Himler
Matt is a Registered Architect in the District of Columbia. He received his Bachelors of Science in Architecture from Catholic University and his Masters in Architecture from Clemson University. Matt has experience in residential, equestrian, and adaptive reuse projects throughout the country. His passion for architecture grew from building Lego as a child, which allowed him to discover the creative balancing of art and logic needed to design spaces that enhance the experience of everyday life. In his spare time he can be found on the soccer field with his wife, Jenny, on his bike, or at the park with his dog, Pippin.
matt@hamiltonsnowber.com
evan broske
Evan received his Bachelors of Science in Architecture and Masters of Architecture from the University of Detroit Mercy. He found his passion for building and fabrication while working on the experimental demolition and construction of a Detroit residence while in grad school. Since graduating, Evan has gained experience in various woodshops and architecture firms, designing and building custom furniture while working towards his architectural license. Outside of architecture and fabrication, Evan spends his time studying engineering, baking new desserts and tinkering on his bike.
evan@hamiltonsnowber.com
All content of this website © 2015 Hamilton Snowber Architects, PC. All rights reserved.


It's been a while since I gave you a Song for the Day here on Vertigo Shtick, so I'm going to get back into what I plan on being a busy week here with a classic offering inspired by one of my student/friends. If you need more justification, think of it as a commemoration of an iconic early Leonardo DiCaprio film as the new Scorcese picture Shutter Island ends its first weekend at the box office. Or perhaps you're just one of the many unfortunate people who so understands the lyrics that so breezily yet devastatingly make up The Cardigans' great song of desperate unrequited love, "Lovefool."
Trivia: "LoveFool," the biggest mainstream hit by Swedish band The Cardigans, was both a point of great success and a single that was problematic for the group in other ways. It appeared on their third album, First Band on the Moon, which followed their light-hearted, successful sophomore effort Life, and the success of the single after its inclusion in the soundtrack to Baz Luhrmann's Romeo + Juliet led to the band's profile expanding beyond its former mainstays of its home country and Japan, especially in the United States. However, although it led to sales of over 500,000 copies in the US of the band's album, the song was somewhat distinctive on the moody, darker-toned album, and (much like Alanis Morissette after Supposed Former Infatuation Junkie sold tremendous amounts in its first week or two but turned out to be much different than fans had envisioned) their work was never nearly as popular subsequently.


On Our Way to Cuba!
"I have to admit, the first time I was skeptical when I first heard it," former Secretary of Commerce Carlos Gutiérrez told Hollywood on the Potomac when asked about his first reaction to the announcement from the White House. "The more I thought about it – and I've been thinking about this for a long time – I think it's the right thing at the right time. I went to Cuba on the 14th of August, first time since 1960, and I find it very difficult for anyone to go down and then come back and think that the embargo was good policy, you know? I'm all in. I think it's a wonderful time and I think it's great what's happening." The opportunity for the comment came about at the "Engage Cuba" Holiday Party and One Year Celebration of renewed U.S.- Cuba Ties where Ambassador José Cabañas Rodríguez received enthusiastic guests. This was a remarkable comment coming from a man who was born in Havana and fled with his family to Miami during the Cuban Revolution when he was six years old.
"We have had one year of this new course and as part of that year we have welcomed three members of the Congress to Havana and we have announced two ministerial visits from Cuba to the States," said Ambassador Cabañas Rodríguez. "Right now we have a liaison in the State Department finalizing an agreement and hopefully this is something that we can [work with]. We thank all of you – members of Engage Cuba, non members of Engage Cuba, the many Cubans who are here from Cuba, the many Cuban Americans and Cubans living in the states – who have [taken on] momentous roles in all that is happening this year. We congratulate everyone and all of you for what is happening in this year. As I said, we have a lot of work to do still, we still have many obstacles in place, we still have many hurdles and hopefully we will remove what you call 'embargo' and we call 'blockade.' But the most momentous thing we have heard about is what has happened already. Thank you, all of you. Please enjoy – enjoy your Mojitos, your cigars and the Cuban music." Guests did.
We only wish that Lucie Arnaz could have been there. It was her later father, after-all, who introduced Cuba to the US via I Love Lucie. Here she is from a previous post: Call it what you may – karma, serendipity, luck, happenstance, a fluke – it was certainly ironic that Lucie Arnaz, daughter of Cuban born mega entertainer Desi Arnaz, was at the White House when the President announced diplomatic relations with Cuba.