TURBOdesign Suite is a unique aerodynamic and hydrodynamic 3D design package for all types of turbomachinery blades such as pumps, compressors, fans, turbines and torque converters.
TURBOdesign Suite provides tools to designers to put them in direct control of aerodynamic design to streamline every step of the design process for turbomachinery components.
TURBOdesign1 is an inviscid aero/hydrodynamic design software for turbomachinery blades based on a 3D inverse design method. The code is applicable to all types of turbomachinery such as fans, pumps, compressors, turbines and torque converters in axial, mixed-flow and centrifugal configuration.
TURBOdesign2 is a fully 3D Transonic Viscous Inverse Design Code developed for application to transonic axial fans, compressors and turbines used in aero-engines and gas turbines.
TURBOdesign CAD is developed to considerably speed up the blade design process & integration with existing design environments. The code includes a Quasi3D module for blade loading analysis of existing designs, direct blade design capabilities and major import/export functions to/from TURBOdesign Suite.
TURBOdesign CFD is a fast and robust CFD solver developed for the application to compressible and incompressible turbomachinery flows. TURBOdesign CFD has been specifically developed in order to streamline the application of CFD in the blade design process.
TURBOdesign Optima is a fully integrated automatic optimization platform for the design of turbomachinery blades subject to multi-point and multi-objective design objectives. The program supports Design of Experiments (DoE), Response Surface Model (RSM) and Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) optimization.
TURBOdesign Pre is a 1D sizing code applicable to various turbomachinery components. It uses different loss models to optimize the basic dimensions of an impeller, vaned and vane-less diffusers and volute given flow rate, rpm and pressure rise/head.
TURBOdesign Volute is a volute design code based on a 2D inverse design methodology which allows designers to account for circumferential variation of inlet flow angle and velocity so that off design conditions can be considered at the design stage.
TURBOdesign Shaper optimizes complex geometries with respect to given targets, such as total pressure loss and velocity uniformity. It does so by computing the sensitivities of the geometry itself versus those targets and then modifying it.
TURBOdesignWB is a module that enables the seamless integration of TURBOdesign1 into the ANSYS Workbench platform.
TURBOdesign 3DLab allows generating solid models of the optimised geometries created by the TURBOdesign Suite. Powered by ANSYS SpaceClaim, it enables flexible geometry manipulation and exporting the generated models to a wide array of file formats, making it compatible with the most commonly used CAD software packages.
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text:
What is Ugni Blanc wine?
What is Ugni Blanc used for?
What does Ugni Blanc taste like?
Is Trebbiano a good wine?
What does the word Trebbiano mean?
What does Trebbiano taste like?
What is Colombard-Ugni blanc wine?
Where does Ugni blanc come from?
What is Colombard – Ugni blanc?
Ugni Blanc is vigorous and productive. It is Italian, from Tuscany, where it is known as Trebbiano. It is widespread in the Cognac and Armagnac regions, where it was formerly known as Saint-Émilion. Its wines are relatively neutral, but balanced.
Depending on growing conditions, Ugni blanc can be used to produce relatively neutral and balanced dry white wines. It can also be used to make base wines to produce great quality spirits.
Citrus, Green Apple, Pear, and Peach are typical flavors for Ugni Blanc. With hints of Basil, Bitter Almond, and Salty Minerals.
Is Trebbiano the same as Ugni Blanc?
Trebbiano is a name applied to a broad, sometimes unrelated, group of white wine grape varieties originating in Italy and comprising France's Ugni Blanc, famed for its role in Cognac production.
Where is Ugni Blanc grown in France?
Cultivation areas Ugni Blanc is grown in a vast geographical region because it adapts well to highly diverse growing conditions. In France, it is mainly grown near Angoulême and in Gers, where it is used to make still dry wines, but it is also the variety of choice for production of Cognac and Armagnac.
For a fun, young white table wine, Trebbiano Toscano is well worth exploring, perhaps starting your with some of the Italian styles like Trebbiano d'Abruzzo. Also, if you are into brandies, use of France's Ugni Blanc in Cognac is certainly a special treat.
Definition of trebbiano : a widely cultivated Italian white grape used especially in making white wine and brandy.
"Trebbiano is a refreshing, light-bodied white wine that has minimal aroma with subtle hints of lemon and stone minerality on the palate. It's generally dry and crisp and has a fruity flavour finishing with a bitter almond note.
What does Trebbiano wine taste like?
Trebbiano Flavor Profile As a varietal, its wine is crisp, acidic, light-bodied with subtle hints of lemon and stone minerality. A strong fermented scent can also be found in some styles of this wine.
What kind of wine is Verdelho?
Verdelho is a classic grape variety associated with the fortified wines of Madeira, off the coast of Portugal, and its name is often encountered stencilled in white on a bottle of Madeira. It is one of the drier and fresher (higher acid) of the four standard, varietally labeled, Madeira wines.
Colombard – Ugni Blanc Wine. Colombard – Ugni Blanc are two of the traditional brandy -producing grapes grown in France's Armagnac and Cognac appellations. They are also used in the production of IGP Cotes de Gascogne (Armagnac region), IGP Charentais (Cognac region) and Cotes de Blaye…
In 15th and 16th Centuries, the variety was used in various parts of southeastern France, under the name Ugni Blanc. Its popularity dwindled in subsequent centuries. It is now only rarely found in any of France's Mediterranean wine regions.
Colombard – Ugni Blanc are two of the traditional brandy-producing grapes grown in France's Armagnac and Cognac appellations.
What are the best foods to pair with Trebbiano/Ugni blanc?
Food matches for Trebbiano/Ugni Blanc include: Sardines in vinegar (escabèche) Vietnamese savory pancakes (bánh xèo) Crayfish laksa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Hawaiian Heiress Hires Doctors To Help Reclaim Her $215M Fortune
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Abigail Kawananakoa, 91, says she's mentally fit to manage her own finances even though she suffered a stroke in June.
By Nick Grube / September 6, 2017
Reading time: 5 minutes.
Abigail Kawananakoa's latest attempt to reclaim her $215 million Campbell Estate fortune could hinge on notes from a pair of doctors hired to help prove she's mentally fit to manage her own affairs.
The 91-year-old royal Hawaiian heiress lost control of her finances to her former attorney, James Wright, after she suffered a stroke in June that he said left her incapacitated.
A state court judge confirmed that Wright had legal standing to take over Kawananakoa's estate, sparking an acrimonious battle involving Wright, Kawananakoa and her long-time partner, Veronica Gail Worth, who has been accused of both physical and financial elder abuse in an attempted money grab.
Abigail Kawananakoa, center, is trying to reclaim control over her estate while her former attorney has accused her long-time partner, Veronica Gale Worth, right, of a money grab.
Last week, Kawananakoa's attorney, Michael Lilly, a former state attorney general, filed a petition in Hawaii Circuit Court to reverse Judge R. Mark Browning's July 24 decision that confirmed Wright's role as the trustee of the heiress's estate.
Lilly said that decision — which he described as a "fundamental error and denial of fundamental due process" — was based on "incomplete, misleading and undisclosed material information."
He took particular issue with Wright's reliance on information from Dr. Joana Magno, the cardiologist who treated Kawananakoa after the stroke. Lilly said Wright failed to disclose that when Magno discharged Kawananakoa she noted that the heiress was doing "very well" and that her mental states was "really back to baseline."
Previous Coverage
Royal Hawaiian Heiress Asks Judge To Silence Her Former Attorney
Is Hawaii's Royal Princess Mentally Fit?
How A Princess's Embattled Fortune Could Become A Massive Native Hawaiian Charity
Fight For Hawaiian Royalty's Fortune Pulls AG Into The Fray
Will Native Hawaiians Be The Victims In This Fight Over A Royal Fortune?
According to Lilly, Wright should have told the court that an early determination about Kawananakoa's competency was performed just one day after her admission to the hospital, when she was under "massive doses of painkillers."
"As AKKK has demonstrated to two medical experts whose reports are attached under seal, she has the capacity to manage her own financial affairs, hire and fire professionals, including trustees and attorneys, and change her estate plan," Lilly said in the petition.
"Accordingly, AKKK requests that Mr. Wright be immediately removed and she be either reinstated as her own trustee or permitted to choose her own trustee or trustees."
Lilly declined to be interviewed for this story.
Lilly relied on the medical evaluations of two doctors, Martin Blinder and Patricia Lanoie Blanchette.
Blinder, a forensic psychologist, is a well-known expert witness with a colorful past. In 2001, he was the subject of a three-part series in the San Francisco Chronicle — about six months after he was stabbed by an ex-wife who was later found dead.
Blanchette, meanwhile, is a professor of geriatric medicine at the University of Hawaii's John A. Burns School of Medicine, where her faculty bio describes her as "a recognized expert in normal cognitive aging, decisional capacity, and in Alzheimer's disease."
Both Blinder and Blanchette's full assessments of Kawananakoa were filed under seal, but Lilly pulled excerpts from their respective reports for the petition, including one in which Blinder purportedly said Kawananakoa is "a person immune to influence, undue or otherwise."
Blinder said in his report based on a July 21 examination that it was also his opinion "to a reasonable degree of medical probability" that Kawananakoa "has the requisite neuro-cognitive capacity" to make substantial changes to her trust as she sees fit.
He even cited Kawananakoa's own handwritten letter, dated July 18, in which she fired Wright as her attorney as proof of her mental capacity.
"The letter of termination for Mr. James H. Wright is a model of clarity and concision," Blinder wrote.
This is the handwritten note Kawananakoa sent to Wright telling him he was fired.
Lilly paraphrased Blanchette's report, saying that she found Kawananakoa was "competent to handle her own financial affairs, hire and fire professionals, amend her estate documents including powers of attorney."
An earlier version of this story said Kawananakoa had paid for the expert opinions. But Worth's attorney Michael Rudy had previously told the press that he and his client had hired the experts. Lilly now refuses to comment on who actually hired them.
Lilly also argued that Wright didn't follow proper protocol when taking control of Kawananakoa's estate. Among other things, Lilly said Wright never notified Kawananakoa or Worth that he planned to ask a judge to verify his trusteeship after the stroke
Lilly said Wright's petition also didn't disclose he was fired by Kawananakoa on July 18, which was just six days before Browning ruled in Wright's favor.
Wright declined to comment on Lilly's latest filing, referring questions to his attorney, Margery Bronster, a former Hawaii attorney general.
Bronster said that she did not want to comment on the specifics of Lilly's petition, noting that an official response will be filed with the court later.
"The facts are such that you will see that this is a very lopsided and misleading picture," Bronster said. "I'm quite confident that some of the misstatements or misimpressions will be corrected."
In the meantime, she said she is hoping the court will appoint a special master to perform an independent examination of the case. Both Kawananakoa and Worth opposed having a third-party review.
"We are trying to protect Ms. Kawananakoa, her interests and her wishes," Bronster said. "And we believe Jim did what he was supposed to do in confirming his appointment as successor trustee."
Read Lilly's latest filing here:
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Nick Grube is a reporter for Civil Beat. You can reach him by email at nick@civilbeat.org or follow him on Twitter at @nickgrube. You can also reach him by phone at 808-377-0246.
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text:
Christie administration shows how it plans to slash public pension debt
Updated Jan 16, 2019; Posted May 11, 2017
Christie: Potential pension solution is to transfer lottery revenue
By Samantha Marcus | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com
TRENTON -- A proposal from Gov. Chris Christie's administration to pump proceeds from lottery ticket sales into the public worker pension fund took shape Thursday as it released long-awaited details of the scheme to drive down New Jersey's pension debt.
State Treasurer Ford Scudder, in a presentation to reporters, described the transaction as a foolproof way to dramatically and immediately improve the health of the notoriously weak pension fund.
The proposal "positively addresses the chief fiscal burden on the state, mitigating the fears of bond holders, rating agencies and public employees, by significantly reducing the unfunded liability of the retirement system," Scudder said.
It's an idea conceived years ago and brought to the fore by Christie during his final budget address in February. Lawmakers were eager for more information, but since then answers have been scarce.
Senate President Stephen Sweeney (D-Gloucester) said in a statement the details finally released "show that this could be a promising endeavor."
The potential surge of cash immediately played well with lawmakers and some labor unions, who later hardened after the governor suggested he planned to barter for reductions in employee benefits.
"I'm for the concept. I'm not for the concessions," Patrick Colligan, president of the Policemen's Benevolent Association, said Thursday.
The strategy involves pledging the lottery, which generates about $1 billion a year, as an asset to the pension fund.
An outside consultant valued the lottery at about $13.5 billion, Scudder said. Its deposit in the pension fund would cut the unfunded liabilities to $36.5 billion. And it would lift the ratio of assets to liabilities from about 45 percent to 59 percent.
The asset would be divided among three of the seven pension funds, with the Teachers' Pension and Annuity Fund seeing the greatest financial gain. The Public Employees Retirement System would receive about 21 percent of the assets and the Police and Firemen's Retirement System would get 1 percent, Scudder said.
Steve Baker, spokesman for the New Jersey Education Association, said the union still has its suspicions and would put it to the test before its own actuaries.
"At some point you have to deal with real dollars. You have to pay real pensions with real dollars, and if the state believes that they can put fewer dollars into the pension system to create a healthier system, I believe that's misguided," he said after the briefing.
There are no losers, Scudder said.
The lottery, which is expected to bring in $965 million this year, helps fund higher education programs, psychiatric hospitals, centers for people with developmental disabilities and homes for disabled soldiers.
Scudder assured the programs would be funded by the state budget because a healthier retirement system requires smaller annual contributions. That, in turn, frees up dollars in the general fund to pay for those and other programs.
"Not only do we improve the solvency of the pension system ... but we also improve the future prospects of every priority in the state budget," Scudder said.
This year, Christie will contribute about $1.86 billion, four-tenths of what's recommended by actuaries. For the fiscal year that begins July 1, he's proposed to put in half, about $2.5 billion.
Hetty Rosenstein, state director of the Communications Workers of America, said the guaranteed revenue would be a boon to the pension fund in the eyes of actuaries, whereas funding from each year's state budget is not secure.
Samantha Marcus may be reached at smarcus@njadvancemedia.com. Follow her on Twitter @samanthamarcus. Find NJ.com Politics on Facebook.


text:
Sadrists: Iraqi Military Breaking Ceasefire
The USG Open Source Center translates a transcript of al-Sharqiya Television interview with Sadr Movement official Salah al-Obeidi in which he charges that the Iraqi and US militairies have violated the recent ceasefire agreement.
May 19, 2008 Monday
AL-SADR TREND OFFICIAL SAYS IRAQI ARMY, OTHER FORCES VIOLATED AGREEMENT
Text of report by Dubai-based Iraqi private Al-Sharqiyah TV on 18 May
[Telephone interview with Salah al-Ubaydi, spokesman of the Al-Sadr Trend, in Baghdad by anchorperson Khama'il al-Amili in Dubai – live]
[Al-Amili] An Iraqi security source has reported violations by armed elements, saying that these elements attacked joint Iraqi forces in Al-Sadr City and Al-Ma'amil area east of Baghdad last night, resulting in the killing of four and the injury of 38 others. The source, which did not want its identity revealed, said that armed men detonated a bomb while a patrol was passing in Al-Ma'amil area, and that an exchange of fire followed the explosion. Armed elements opened fire at Iraqi soldiers in the southern neighbourhood of Al-Sadr City, killing four and injuring 38, including a number of children. The source said that the attacks began Saturday evening and continued until midnight.
With me on the telephone is Mr Salah al-Ubaydi, spokesman of the Al-Sadr Trend. Mr al-Ubaydi, given the current violations of the agreement, I ask you if this agreement between you and the Iraqi Coalition is still valid.
[Al-Ubaydi] In the name of God, the merciful, the compassionate. The 16-point agreement continues to be valid. Both sides agree that violations here or there do not mean that the agreement is cancelled, because implementing these 16 points requires extensive monitoring and efforts because of lack trust especially between the two sides, the people in the Al-Sadr City in general and the security forces. There is fear of major and arbitrary campaigns and attacks such as the attacks that took place in Karbala, Al-Diwaniyah, and Basra. These apprehensions created lack of trust.
Therefore, we need to follow up the implementation of these points in the field for a long period of time in order to implement the agreement properly.
[Al-Amili] You said that the agreement's implementation requires extensive monitoring and there have been violations. Do you attribute these violations to weakness related to assurances between the two sides?
[Al-Ubaydi] No, in fact the basic problem was that in previous phases and campaigns, the government did not draw up a mechanism to bring the violators to account or to punish the Army and police personnel who abuse the powers given to them and violate people's safety, security, and interests. The government must draw up mechanisms for punishing wrongdoers, such as dismissal or other forms of punishment. The golden rule is that lack of punishment engenders wrongdoing. Therefore, during the first phase, implementing such a mechanism to correct the performance of the security services personnel would not be easy.
The agreement stipulates that the government must use a special penal code to punish the security services in case they encroach on citizens rights. We are demanding normal rights of citizenship in Al-Sadr City, and this is what many Iraqis want in other governorates as well.
[Al-Amili] Have you reported these points and these ideas to the Coalition, and hence to the government, so they can tackle the violations in order to avoid any collapse of this agreement?
[Al-Ubaydi] Certainly, we have reaffirmed that. This is the basic point, and there has been a transformation in the thinking of the government. The government has started to admit this. Certain sides from those who speak in the name of the government or those who speak on its behalf, have recently admitted, especially after the recent meeting and the dialogue that resulted in the agreement, that there are violations, that these violations are expanding beyond expectations. They admit that the wrongdoers must be punished. Therefore, they started to defend themselves, saying that the security campaigns are not politicized. The proof that their campaigns are not politicized –
[Al-Amili, interrupting] Excuse me, Mr Al-Ubaydi, but they held you responsible for these violations.
[Al-Ubaydi] These are claims. This is one of the points that we would want to reaffirm. Some of the spokesmen of the security services make statements that are not only incorrect but are obviously (?fabricated) as well. Let us take, for instance, the latest violations in Al-Sadr City. The main violation was by the personnel of the 11th Division, who have been directing insults at the citizens over loudspeakers mounted on their vehicles. This is a way of provoking the citizen. Now there is supposed to be an agreement. The soldiers are supposed to be familiar with this agreement. What happened was that during one of their patrols in one of the crowded markets in the Al-Ula area of Al-Sadr City one afternoon, these soldiers began to direct insults at the citizens. There were verbal exchanges with a number of citizens, who included women, and they responded to them and rejected their violations. Therefore, they opened fire to silence the voices that rejected their encroachments. That was what happened.
As for the official spokesman who says that they opened fire and they tried to respond to the fire, I ask: Who opened fire? Was a one-year-old child, a three-year-old child or a woman capable of doing that? This is impossible. If they opened fire, then what losses did the patrol incur? They incurred no losses at all. How is it possible to raise such claims? If the patrol was passing through an area, which, according to their military calculations, is insecure, then would it be possible for them to use arms the moment they hear the sound of a shot and direct their weapons at ordinary citizen in a crowded market?
All these are facts, refuting the statement by the law enforcement spokesman. From this place, I ask the brother spokesmen to be objective and look at events realistically and try to mete out justice to the citizen because the citizen is being oppressed by many services, especially the government security services, as well as non-security services that deal with thefts and financial and administrative corruption. We want justice to the citizens and measures against encroachment on them, whether by the government or others.
[Al-Amili] Mr Salah al-Ubaydi, spokesman of the Al-Sadr Trend, thank you.
Source: Al-Sharqiyah TV, Dubai, in Arabic 1936 gmt 18 May 08
Filed Under: Iraq


text:
Improving Lives
Usha Gogineni is shown with a silicon wafer, which holds some of her designs for electronic chips. Photo: Len Rubenstein
Computer Science+Technology
Electrical Engineering+Electronics
Technology+Society
Usha Gogineni was raised in Hyderabad, India, and studied in the U.S.
"When I went back to India in 1998, it was like night and day," she says. "Everywhere I looked there were computers. People were talking about nothing but software. Even in the villages, there was a time when I would get on a bus and people would talk about agriculture and their crops. And now, everyone was talking about software programs."
India's sudden revolution in the computer science and software industry inspired Gogineni to study electrical engineering. Now pursuing an MIT Ph.D., she is working on the technology that is used to build electronic chips for computers, cell phones, and other wireless applications. Her goal is to make computers cheaper and faster. "Wireless applications are the way of the future," she says.
Gogineni earned a bachelor's degree from the Regional Engineering College in Warangal, India, in 1996. Next, she studied at Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama, where she earned a master's degree in 1999.
Soon after, she landed a job at IBM Microelectronics in Burlington, Vermont, where for four and a half years she worked as a development engineer, developing silicon-germanium technologies. (Silicon-germanium is the material that makes computers faster.) For the next three years, she worked at the IBM Microelectronics office in Fishkill, New York, where she was a device design engineer working on advanced high-speed technologies for computer chips.
The daughter of a mechanical engineer, she holds one patent, has published nine papers, and has contributed to a book on silicon-germanium.
"I never would have been able to come to school here if I didn't get funding," she says. "Because I was making good money when I was working, giving up the money was a big thing in my decision to come to MIT.
"The Presidential Fellowship helped me so much because it made it possible for me to pursue my dream. I didn't have to work to pay tuition or living expenses. It definitely made a big difference in my life.
"When you get helped by someone, you want to pay it in return," says Gogineni, who at IBM mentored more than 100 middle-school children to encourage them to become engineers, and who one day would like to create a coaching center in India to teach needy children.
"Someone helped me, so I want to help someone else. I realize that it's a grand goal, but I'm hoping to improve people's lives."
At the Intersection
Laser Focus


text:
Research article | Open | Open Peer Review | Published: 16 March 2016
Enterovirus-related diarrhoea in Guangdong, China: clinical features and implications in hand, foot and mouth disease and herpangina
Hong-Tao Zhou1,3,
Hai-Su Yi1,
Yong-Hui Guo1,
Yu-Xian Pan1,
Shao-Hua Tao2,
Bin Wang2,
Man-Jun Chen1,
Mei Yang4 &
Nan Yu1
BMC Infectious Diseasesvolume 16, Article number: 128 (2016) | Download Citation
A series of complications caused by enteroviruses, including meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, acute cardiopulmonary failure, respiratory infection, and myocardial injury have been reported in hand, foot and mouth disease/herpangina (HFMD/HA). However, the complication of diarrhoea caused by enteroviruses has been neglected, and a summary of its clinical features and impact on HFMD/HA is unavailable.
We included inpatients with HFMD/HA admitted to the Paediatric Department of Zhujiang Hospital during 2009–2012. We summarised and compared clinical data for cases with and without diarrhoea, and determined enterovirus serotypes by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and genotyping based on a partial-length fragment of viral protein 1 or the 5'-untranslated region.
There were 804 inpatients with HFMD/HA and 28 (3.5 %) presented with diarrhoea. Gastrointestinal symptoms were mild in most cases of diarrhoea (82.1 %), with high prevalence of no dehydration (82.1 %), short duration of diarrhoea (78.6 %) and watery stools (75.0 %). The prevalence of multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (10.7 vs 0.40 %) (p = 0.001), hepatic injury (14.3 vs 3.4 %) (p = 0.019), myocardial injury (21.4 vs 6.1 %) (p = 0.002) and convulsion (21.4 vs 7.2 %) (p = 0.016) was significantly higher in the diarrhoea than no diarrhoea group. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding prevalence of death, altered consciousness, paralysis, central nervous system involvement, or acute respiratory infection.
Most patients with diarrhoea caused by enteroviruses circulating in Guangdong Province in 2009–2012 had mild or moderate gastrointestinal symptoms. Although enterovirus-related diarrhoea caused additional multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, hepatic injury and myocardial injury in children with HFMD/HA, timely intervention efficiently reduced disease severity and improved outcome.
Enteroviruses (EVs) are known to cause hand, foot and mouth disease/herpangina (HFMD/HA), with numerous epidemics worldwide, including China [1]. Several complications have been reported in HFMD/HA, including meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, acute cardiopulmonary failure, respiratory infection, myocardial injury, and diarrhoea [2, 3]. Among these complications in HFMD/HA, diarrhoea is less prominent because of its low prevalence and generally self-limiting nature. In China, diarrhoea has generally been neglected or only mentioned in most studies of HFMD/HA. Moreover, EV detection is often not included in pathogen surveillance of diarrhoea; thus, little information on the epidemiology and clinical features of enterovirus-related diarrhoea is available in China. Diarrhoea can cause various degrees of illness, ranging from self-limited changes in stool consistency to life-threatening complications and even death. Diarrhoea deserves attention because it is the third leading cause of death in young children, claiming millions of lives annually worldwide [4].
Considering the global presence of HFMD/HA, there is an urgent need to elucidate the clinical characteristics of enterovirus-related diarrhoea and its impact on HFMD/HA. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the clinical features and implications of enterovirus-related diarrhoea in children with HFMD/HA admitted to Zhujiang Hospital during 2009–2012.
Study population and data collection
All cases were inpatients admitted to the Paediatric Department of Zhujiang Hospital between January 2009 and December 2012. Zhujiang Hospital is an officially designated tertiary hospital for treatment of HFMD in Guangzhou City (capital of Guangdong Province, China) and its neighbouring districts. Anonymous processing of patient information ensured the privacy of patients, and the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhujiang Hospital (Ratification No: ZJYY-2013-YXJYZX-001). Signed informed consent was obtained from parents or guardians. Cases were included if they met all of the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were: paediatric inpatients with eruptions or fever; and real-time fluorescence reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) evidence of positive enterovirus. Exclusion criteria were: medical history of neurological disease, congenital heart disease or immune deficiency; or evidence of infection by rotavirus, norovirus, Shigella, Campylobacter or Salmonella species. Clinical data for each case were retrospectively reviewed and extracted from medical records, and patients were assigned to the diarrhoea or no diarrhoea group, depending on whether they presented with diarrhoea. Clinical features were compared between the two groups to explore the implications of diarrhoea in HFMD/HA.
Stool sample collection and testing
Stool specimens from each case were collected for extraction of RNA and stored at −80 °C. Viral RNAs were extracted from 140-μl stool samples using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit system (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Extracted RNAs were used for real-time fluorescence RT-PCR and/or the amplification of partial-length fragments of enterovirus viral protein (VP)1/5'-untranslated region (UTR). Serotypes of enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus 16 (CA16) were jointly determined by enteroviruses kit, EV71 kit, and CA16 kit (Shanghai ZJ Bio-Tech Co. Ltd., China). The other serotypes were determined by sequencing partial-length fragments of VP1/5'-UTR, as described previously [5, 6]. The enterovirus serotype was ascertained by performing BLAST analysis along with EV sequences in GenBank. Each patient with diarrhoea received routine stool examinations, and samples were tested for bacterial cultures of Shigella, Campylobacter and Salmonella species. Routine stool examinations include assessment of colour, consistency, parasite ova, white blood cells, red blood cells, occult blood, transferrin, and rotavirus and norovirus antigens.
Clinical definitions
Diarrhoea was defined as a change in stool consistency, or defecation ≥3 times/day. The severity of diarrhoea was assessed by a scoring system based on vomiting, frequency and duration of diarrhoea, electrolyte disturbance, dehydration status, and fever. A total score >11 was classified as serious diarrhoea, and ≤11 as mild diarrhoea [7]. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement referred to the presence of two or more of the following: vomiting, irritability, myoclonic jerk, convulsion, changed muscular tension, decreased tendon reflex, headache, and neck stiffness. Patients who also had altered consciousness, paralysis, or CNS lesions on neuroimaging were considered to have severe CNS involvement. Acute respiratory infection (ARI) was diagnosed by the presence of rhinorrhoea and/or cough, and patients with pneumonia or bronchopneumonia were judged to have severe (ARI). Myocardial injury was diagnosed based on laboratory evidence of elevated cTnI, or elevated CK-MB plus CK-MB/CK > 0.25. cTnI > 0.04 μg/l, ratio of CK-MB/CK > 0.25 and CK-MB > 44 U/L (2 m–36 m), CK-MB > 37 U/L (37 m–72 m), or CK-MB > 31 U/L (>73 m) were considered elevated. Cases with alanine aminotransferase >40 U/l were considered to have hepatic injury.
Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 13.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Differences between two groups of continuous variables were analysed by the independent samples t-test, whereas those of categorical variables were analysed by the χ2 test. All p values were two-sided, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
A total of 1778 EV-related HFMD/HA patients were admitted to the Paediatric Department of Zhujiang Hospital during 2009–2012. There were 872 inpatients and 896 outpatients. Most patients with HFMD/HA were admitted in April to July, with a peak between May and June (Fig. 1). There was a shift in the dominant enterovirus serotype during 2009–2012: CA16 in 2009, EV71 in 2010–2011, and other EV serotypes in 2012 (Fig. 1). There was a low prevalence of enterovirus-related diarrhoea and varied prevalence of different EV serotypes. Of the 872 inpatients, 804 were eligible for inclusion in this study, and 28 presented with diarrhoea (3.5 %). We identified enterovirus serotypes in 767 cases, and the detailed distribution of the serotypes in the no diarrhoea and diarrhoea groups is shown in Fig. 2a and b, respectively. Diarrhoea prevalences of different EV serotypes varied considerably: Echo 14 (100 %), CVA21 (100 %), Echo 2 (50.0 %), CVA9 (33.3 %), CVA10 (9.7 %), CVA4 (6.3 %), CVA6 (4.5 %), EV71 (2.3 %) and CVA16 (0.6 %).
Distribution of HFMD/HA cases caused by EV71, CVA16 and other enteroviruses admitted during 2009–2012
a Constituent ratios of EV serotypes in group without diarrhoea. b Constituent ratios of EV serotypes in group with diarrhoea
Severity and gastrointestinal symptoms of enterovirus-related diarrhoea
Based on the scoring system, the 28 cases of diarrhoea had a score of 4–17, and 23 cases (82.1 %) scored ≤11. Table 1 shows that most patients with enterovirus-related diarrhoea had mild gastrointestinal symptoms, as characterised by high prevalence of no dehydration (82.1 %), short duration of diarrhoea (78.6 %) and watery stools (75.0 %). Two patient with diarrhoea caused by EV71 died: one died from cardiopulmonary failure, and the other from multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).
Table 1 Clinical presentations of 28 enterovirus-related HFMD/HA inpatients with diarrhoea
Effect of enterovirus-related diarrhoea on outcomes and severity of HFMD/HA
There were no significant differences between the diarrhoea and no diarrhoea groups for duration of hospitalisation and prevalence of death, altered consciousness, paralysis, CNS involvement, severe CNS involvement, ARI and severe ARI (Table 2). Compared with the no diarrhoea group, the diarrhoea group had a significantly higher prevalence of MODS (10.7 vs 0.40 %) (p = 0.001), hepatic injury (14.3 vs 3.4 %) (p = 0.019), myocardial injury (21.4 vs 6.1 %) (p = 0.002) and convulsion (21.4 vs 7.2 %) (p = 0.016).
Table 2 Comparisons of clinical features between patients with and without diarrhoea
Our study demonstrated that most cases of enterovirus-related diarrhoea (82.1 %) were mild without severe gastrointestinal symptoms. Among the 28 cases of diarrhoea, there was a low prevalence of severe dehydration (14.3 %), frequent episodes of diarrhoea (≥6/day) (35.7 %), long duration of diarrhoea (≥6 days) (21.4 %), visible bloody stool (0 %), frequent vomiting (≥5 episodes/day) (10.7 %) and long duration of vomiting (≥3 days) (10.7 %). Our study also showed a low prevalence (3.5 %) of diarrhoea caused by enteroviruses circulating in Guangdong during 2009–2012. Although enteroviruses are not well known for causing diarrhoea, some studies have shown them to be causative agents [8–12]. Some other members of the Picornaviridae, such as Aichi virus, parechovirus, and bocavirus, have been recently associated with diarrhoea; however, only with a small number of cases. Therefore, there was only a small probability that any of the cases of diarrhoea in the present study were caused by co-infection with these viruses and enteroviruses. Rotavirus, norovirus, and Shigella have been reported as major causative pathogens of diarrhoea in Guangdong Province and its neighbouring districts [13–16]. Although we did not perform comprehensive tests to exclude all possible cofactors of diarrhoea, it is reasonable to suggest that enteroviruses were responsible for most of the cases since they were all negative for major potential diarrhoea-related pathogens.
Enteroviruses are pathogens that can invade and reproduce in intestinal cells and induce severe inflammation in human intestinal epithelial cells [17–19]. According to the pathogenic mechanisms proposed by Navaneethan and Giannella, enterovirus-related diarrhoea is initiated by inflammation involving activation of cytokines and inflammatory mediators [20]. EV71 and CVA6 were the two serotypes that claimed more than half of diarrhoea cases (15/28), the diarrhoea prevalences of different EV serotypes varied considerably: Echo 14 (100 %), CVA21 (100 %), Echo 2 (50.0 %), CVA9 (33.3 %), CVA10 (9.7 %), CVA4 (6.3 %), CVA6 (4.5 %), EV71 (2.3 %) and CVA16 (0.6 %). Although no particular serotype of enterovirus is especially associated with diarrhoea, previous studies have suggested that some serotypes of echovirus and coxsackievirus B are more likely to cause diarrhoea [10–12, 21, 22], which is similar to our results. Enteroviruses are generally not listed as potential pathogens for diarrhoea, which leads to limited information about enterovirus-related diarrhoea, and aetiological misdiagnosis. Therefore, physicians should consider enteroviruses as potential pathogens when treating diarrhoea, especially for cases admitted during times of seasonal enterovirus circulation. Moreover, more studies should be carried out to elucidate the discrepancies and clinical features of diarrhea caused by different serotypes of enterovirus due to the extreme lack of such knowledge.
Enterovirus-related diarrhoea did not did not exert substantial influence on the severity of HFMD/HA in patients who received appropriate and timely medical intervention. No difference was observed between the diarrhoea and no diarrhoea groups regarding duration of hospitalisation and prevalence of death, CNS involvement, severe CNS involvement, paralysis, altered consciousness, ARI and severe ARI. Although the diarrhoea group had significantly higher prevalence of MODS (10.7 vs 0.40 %), hepatic injury (14.3 vs 3.4 %), myocardial injury (21.4 vs 6.1 %) and convulsion (21.4 vs 7.2) than no diarrhoea group, all of these manifestations were short term and reversible with treatment. The limited influence of diarrhoea on severity of HFMD/HA was largely due to the following factors: the mild or moderate nature of most diarrhoea, without severe and long-term dehydration; appropriate and timely medical intervention; the inflammatory mechanism of enterovirus-related diarrhoea; and inability of enterovirus particles and proinflammatory cytokines to cross the blood–brain barrier in most conditions. Evasion and modulation of the gastrointestinal defence systems of the host are essential for pathogens causing infectious diarrhoea [20]. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that higher levels of cytokines and inflammatory mediators will be produced in HFMD/HA patients with than without diarrhoea. These higher levels can cause increased prevalence of hepatic injury, myocardial injury and MODS in HFMD/HA patients with diarrhoea. In our study, most cases of diarrhoea (82.1 %) presented without dehydration, and timely hospital treatment abolished dehydration when it did occur. Therefore, it was inflammation rather than haemodynamic disturbance caused by dehydration that was responsible for the differences between the diarrhoea and no diarrhoea groups. Because MODS was initiated by inflammation, there was no significant increase in mortality in the diarrhoea group when patients received timely medical intervention. The exceptionally high prevalence of convulsion in the diarrhoea group was largely because convulsion, unlike other neurological manifestations, can be induced in young children by mere dehydration or electrolyte imbalance. The absence of any substantial increase in prevalence of CNS involvement, severe CNS involvement and paralysis in HFMD/HA with diarrhoea was a relief for such patients.
Some limitations may exist because our study was a retrospective observation based on the enterovirus serotypes that were circulating in Guangdong province during 2009–2012. Moreover, the limited number of diarrhoea cases and other possible co-infections may also have biased the results. Intensive treatment administered during hospitalization also limited the natural progression of diarrhoea and even prevented its impact on the severity of HFMD/HA. Therefore, more studies should be carried out to elucidate the characteristics of enterovirus-related diarrhoea and their implications in HFMD/HA.
From 2009 to 2012, patients with diarrhoea caused by circulating enteroviruses had mostly mild or moderate gastrointestinal symptoms. Timely intervention reduced disease severity and improved outcome in children with HFMD/HA. As a result of its mild severity and being initiated by inflammation, enterovirus-related diarrhoea did not exert a major influence on severity or outcome in HFMD/HA inpatients in Guangdong, China, during 2009–2012.
Pan-enteroviruses kit, EV71 kit, CA16 kit (Shanghai ZJ Bio-tech Co., LTD); ViiA™ 7 system (Life Technologies, USA); virus transport system (Copan Italia S.P.A, Italy); QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit system (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany).
alanine aminotransferase
ARI:
acute respiratory infection
AST:
aspartate aminotransferase
CK-MB:
creatine kinase-MB
CVA:
coxsackievirus A
Echo:
echovirus
HFMD/HA:
hand, foot and mouth disease/herpangina
multi-organ dysfunction syndrome
UTR:
untranslated region
National statutory report of incidence and death statistics of infectious disease. http://www.moh.gov.cn/publicfiles//business/htmlfiles/wsb/pyqxx/list.htm.
Hsiung GD, Wang JR. Enterovirus infections with special reference to enterovirus 71. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2000;33:1–8.
Stalkup JR, Chilukuri S. Enterovirus infections: a review of clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Dermatol Clin. 2002;20:217–23.
Distribution of causes of death among children aged < 5 years. http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.CMDRWORLD?lang=en.
Nix WA, Oberste MS, Pallansch MA. Sensitive, seminested PCR amplification of VP1 sequences for direct identification of all enterovirus serotypes from original clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44:2698–704.
Ge S, Yan Q, He S, et al. Specific primer amplification of the VP1 region directed by 5' UTR sequence analysis: enterovirus testing and identification in clinical samples from hand-foot-and-mouth disease patients. J Virol Methods. 2013;193:463–9.
Ruuska T, Vesikari T. Rotavirus disease in Finnish children: use of numerical scores for clinical severity of diarrhoeal episodes. Scand J Infect Dis. 1990;22:259–67.
Chaimongkol N, Khamrin P, Suantai B, et al. A wide variety of diarrhea viruses circulating in pediatric patients in Thailand. Clin Lab. 2012;58:117–23.
Maslin J, Kohli E, Leveque N, et al. Characterisation of viral agents with potential to cause diarrhea in Djibouti. Med Trop (Mars). 2007;67:249–55.
Rao DC, Ananda Babu M, Raghavendra A, et al. Non-polio enteroviruses and their association with acute diarrhea in children in India. Infect Genet Evol. 2013;17:153–61.
Abe O, Kimura H, Minakami H, et al. Outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by echovirus type 6 in an orphanage in Japan. J Infect. 2000;41:285–6.
Oishi I, Maeda A, Otsu K, et al. An outbreak of diarrhea in school children associated with Coxsackie virus B-3 infection. Biken J. 1979;22:21–4.
Li CS, Chan PK, Tang JW. Prevalence of diarrhea viruses in hospitalized children in Hong Kong in 2008. J Med Virol. 2009;81:1903–11.
Zeng M, Chen J, Gong ST, et al. Epidemiological surveillance of norovirus and rotavirus diarrhea among outpatient children in five metropolitan cities. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2010;48:564–70.
Lee MK, Chan PK, Ho II, Lai WM. Enterovirus infection among patients admitted to hospital in Hong Kong in 2010: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and importance of molecular diagnosis. J Med Virol. 2013;85:1811–7.
Li DD, Li H, Guo RN, et al. Pathogens of high incidence of other infectious diarrhea in Guangdong Province, from November 2008 to January 2009. Bing Du Xue Bao. 2010;26:150–2.
Xu J, Yang Y, Wang C, Jiang B. Rotavirus and coxsackievirus infection activated different profiles of toll-like receptors and chemokines in intestinal epithelial cells. Inflamm Res. 2009;58:585–92.
Zhang YC, Jiang SW, Gu WZ, et al. Clinicopathologic features and molecular analysis of enterovirus 71 infection: report of an autopsy case from the epidemic of hand, foot and mouth disease in China. Pathol Int. 2012;62:565–70.
Chi C, Sun Q, Wang S, et al. Robust antiviral responses to enterovirus 71 infection in human intestinalepithelial cells. Virus Res. 2013;176:53–60.
Navaneethan U, Giannella RA. Mechanisms of infectious diarrhea. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;5:637–47.
Carvalho RP, Kirchner E, Moura RA, Murahovschi J. Acute gastroenteritis associated with coxsackie B-6 virus in infants and children, in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1977;19:73–6.
Tai FH, Wang HC. Acute gastroenteritis associated with echovirus type 1. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1973;4:311–5.
We thank Fu Ning (Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University) for her advice and revision of the manuscript; all of the doctors in the Department of Paediatrics of Zhujiang Hospital for providing medical records of inpatients; Xia N (National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, Xiamen University) for providing the primers for amplifying the partial-length fragments of the 5'-UTR of enterovirus. The work was supported by the National Projects of Major Infectious Disease Control and Prevention of China (grant number 2012ZX10004213) and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program; grant number 2011AA02A116).
Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 Gong Ye Da Dao Zhong, Guangzhou, 510282, China
Hong-Tao Zhou
, Hai-Su Yi
, Yong-Hui Guo
, Yu-Xian Pan
, Man-Jun Chen
& Nan Yu
Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510282, China
Shao-Hua Tao
& Bin Wang
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 19 Xiuhua Road,, Haikou, 570311, China
Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510282, China
Mei Yang
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Corresponding authors
Correspondence to Hong-Tao Zhou or Nan Yu.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests. No competing interests exists in this study due to commercial or other associations (e.g., pharmaceutical stock ownership, consultancy, advisory board membership, relevant patents, or research funding). No competing interests exists in the submission of this manuscript, and the manuscript is approved by all of the authors for publication, I declare on behalf of my co-authors that the work described was original research that has not been published previously and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere in whole or in part.
H-TZ carried out the data collection for clinical investigation and laboratory evaluation, performed genetic serotype identification, and drafted the initial manuscript. H-SY participated in data collection and analysis and revised the manuscript. NY performed enterovirus testing with RT-PCR, and reviewed and revised the manuscript. Y-HG participated in serotype identification. Y-XP performed enterovirus isolation and serotype identification using RT-PCR. S-HT confirmed all of the cases enrolled in this study and jointly carried out the initial analyses on clinical features, especially on neurological manifestations. M-JC performed clinical specimen collection and virus isolation and identification. BW analysed the clinical features of cases enrolled in this study. MY participated in data collection. All of the authors gave final approval of the version to be published.
Herpangina


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Gadhafi Unleashes Litany Of Complaints In U.N. Debut Libyan leader Col. Moammar Gadhafi uses his first U.N. appearance to rail against what he sees as the inequalities of the U.N. system. He also chastises the world body for failing to intervene or prevent some 65 wars since its founding in 1945.
Gadhafi Unleashes Litany Of Complaints In U.N. Debut
Gadhafi Unleashes Litany Of Complaints In U.N. Debut 4:24
< Gadhafi Unleashes Litany Of Complaints In U.N. Debut
September 23, 20091:38 PM ET
ROBERT SIEGEL, host:
Mr. Obama avoided one potentially embarrassing moment on the floor of the General Assembly. His speech was followed by Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi, but the two men did not meet. President Obama was given plenty of time to leave before the Libyan leader got to the podium. This was Gadhafi's first time at the U.N. His trip has been met with protests over where he might pitch his Bedouin tent. And as NPR's Michele Kelemen reports, his speech was, to say the least, unusual.
MICHELE KELEMEN: Wearing a brown robe and a huge, black pin of Africa on his chest, Colonel Gadhafi used his U.N. debut to rail against what he sees as the inequalities of the U.N. system. But in a rambling speech that lasted more than an hour and a half, he also had high praise for President Obama, once referring to him as "my son."
President MOAMMAR GADHAFI (Libya): (Through translator) We, as a matter of fact, that we Africans are happy, proud that one son of Africans governs the United States of America - of Africa. This is a historic event. We are content and happy if Obama can stay forever as the president of the United States of America…
KELEMEN: Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and U.S. Ambassador Susan Rice exited the room before the speech, leaving low-level note-takers in their places to hear Gadhafi talk - and talk. The Libyan leader, who had some handwritten notes but no written speech, offered his theory on swine flu, saying it might have been created for military purposes. He talked about piracy off the coast of Somalia and delved into history, demanding to know who killed John F. Kennedy. The speech went on so long that his interpreter, exhausted, finally gave up and asked a U.N. staffer to help. The Libyan leader was mainly complaining about the U.N. Security Council, which he says should be called the terror council. And he said the U.N. has failed to promote peace.
Pres. GADHAFI: (Through translator) Sixty-five wars broke out after the establishment of the United Nations and after the establishment of the Security Council and after this establishment.
KELEMEN: Gadhafi's visit comes at a sensitive time, shortly after he welcomed home the only man convicted of blowing up Pan Am Flight 103, a man released from Scotland on medical grounds. The protests have been so strong here that the Libyan government had to back off from plans to pitch Gadhafi's tent at a Libyan diplomat's home in New Jersey. And today, the town of Bedford, New York, took down a tent that was apparently put up for the eccentric Libyan leader.
One protester outside the U.N. today, Mohamed Eljahmi(ph), says emotions are running high.
Mr. MOHAMED ELJAHMI: This is a mass murderer - killed Americans. I mean, you know, to come and set up shop and set his tent, he's rubbing salt to the American wounds. That is one thing. He's also rubbing salts to my wounds, my personal - I'm an American citizen. He killed my brother.
KELEMEN: His brother, Fathi Eljahmi, was a prominent political prisoner believed to have been tortured for several years in a Libyan jail. He died earlier this year. Mohamed Eljahmi spoke to NPR early today as he got in place for a long day of protests.
Mr. ELJAHMI: Unless you shut doors in Gadhafi and tell him to play by the rules and restrict him, he will always find a way. And the State Department made a mistake. They should have restricted him to the island of Manhattan, but they didn't.
KELEMEN: The State Department did prevent Gadhafi from staying in New Jersey but has not restricted his travel. Gadhafi didn't address the issue in his speech, though he did suggest that the U.N. General Assembly move somewhere else next year, so that delegations wouldn't have to face the same security restrictions and maybe wouldn't be so jet-lagged.
Michele Kelemen, NPR News, the United Nations.


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Pioneering female wrestler Chyna found dead
One of the most popular female wrestlers in WWE history has been found dead at the age of 45.
Chyna, whose real name was Joan Marie Laurer, was found dead in Redondo Beach, southern California, on Wednesday.
Police confirmed they were called by a friend who became concerned after not hearing from Laurer for several days.
Sergeant Shawn Freeman said: "The exact nature and cause of the death, as well as the general time of death is under investigation by the Los Angeles County Coroner's department."
A message on her verified Twitter account confirmed the news:
"It is with deep sadness to inform you today that we lost a true icon, a real life superhero," it said. "Joanie Laurer aka Chyna, the 9th wonder of the world has passed away.
"She will live forever in the memories of her millions of fans and all of us that loved her."
#RipChyna ?????? all of us on team Chyna love you and will love you forever babe.
Felix pic.twitter.com/jOfbHUAI2j
— Chyna (@ChynaJoanLaurer) April 21, 2016
TMZ quoted anonymous sources as saying police were investigating a possible drug overdose, adding that prescription bottles – but no illegal drugs – were found at the home.
Laurer turned to the fitness industry to escape a difficult childhood and came to prominence as the character 'Chyna' in the WWE during the 1990s.
She initially worked as an enforcer for Triple H, before going on to establish herself as the leading female wrestler in the world.
Chyna is the only female wrestler to win the WWE Intercontinental Championship and also held the Women's Championship for 231 days in 2001.
The only women to win the @WWE #ICTitle @ChynaJoanLaurer #RIPChyna
9th Wonder of The World. pic.twitter.com/Zp9zJUd48F
— Louie VenÜura ? (@LouieVentura) 21 April 2016
Her final WWE appearance came at the Judgement Day pay-per-view in the same year.
In 2004 she began a career in pornography, with her work in the adult industry the reason she has not been inducted into the WWE's Hall of Fame.
The WWE's Chief Brand Officer, Stephanie McMahon, posted a tribute message on her Twitter page.
I just heard the tragic news that @ChynaJoanLaurer has passed. She was truly a pioneer in our industry, and she will be missed. #RIPChyna
— Stephanie McMahon (@StephMcMahon) 21 April 2016
The WWE also added their condolences on Twitter.
We are saddened to learn of the passing of Joanie "Chyna" Laurer. https://t.co/EgNstScdcD #RIPChyna pic.twitter.com/oLSB509p7p
— WWE (@WWE) April 21, 2016
Laurer's passing is the latest in a long line of deaths to hit the wrestling industry, with 'Iron' Mike Sharpe and Axl Rotten two of the leading names who have died in 2016.
Some huge names were on the list of wrestler deaths in 2015, including 'Rowdy' Roddy Piper, Dusty Rhodes and Buddy Landel.
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Archive for the 'DaDa' Category
Iron Butterfly, Yes and Dada Newcastle City Hall 14th January 1971
Posted by vintagerock in DaDa, Iron Butterfly, Yes.	Tagged: classic rock, concert, concerts, gig, gigs, heavy metal, heavy rock, music, prog rock, rock, rock n roll.	3 comments
This was the first time I went to a concert at Newcastle City Hall, and because of that, I have pretty strong memories of the evening. I was 14 years old, and very excited at the prospect of going to a concert in the big city that was Newcastle. This was the "Age of Atlantic" package tour, named after the sample album of the same name and featured Dada, Yes and headliners Iron Butterfly. And all this for just 10/- (50p in new money)! DaDa were first up and featured Elkie Brooks, her husband Pete Gage, and her singing partner Robert Palmer. They were a jazz-rock fusion band with lots of members, and a brass section. In a way they were an earlier, jazzier and expanded version of Vinegar Joe, Elkie and Robert's next and much more successful band. I arrived at the City Hall early, excited at the prospect of seeing a concert there and watched Dada's entire set, enjoying every minute. Next up was Yes, who I was already familiar with. This was the third time I had seen Yes in concert, the first two being as support acts for the Bonzo Dog Doo Dah Band, and The Nice at gigs at Sunderland Empire. By the time of this gig, guitarist Peter Banks had been replaced by Steve Howe, and the rest of the line-up was Jon Anderson (vocals), Bill Bruford (drums), Chris Squire (bass) and Tony Kaye (keyboards). Rick Wakeman was to join the band later that year. They had just released the classic Yes album, and the set featured tracks from the new album and their previous two releases. I was a big fan of Yes at the time, and they were just great that night. I recall Yours Is No Disgrace, and The Clap as highlights. I was just blown away by Steve Howe's performance of the latter song, and was fascinated by the semi-acoustic Gibson, complete with f holes, that he was playing. I remember the whole hall clapping along while he played. The song which most sticks in my mind was their version of Simon and Garfunkel's America, which was simply majestic; almost symphonic. Yes went down well with the crowd; it was very clear that they already had a lot of fans and that they were on the verge of major success. I wasn't familiar with Iron Butterfly and their material, having only heard In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida, and its that song that sticks in my mind from the evening. I remember lots of guitar histrionics and showmanship. Iron Butterfly were good, but for me the best band of the night was Yes. I spent many further nights during the 1970s at Newcastle City Hall. It remains one of my favourite venues; long may it continue to host concerts by great rock band such as these three.
Elkie Brooks Sunderland Empire 1978 & memories of Vinegar Joe
Posted by vintagerock in DaDa, Elkie Brooks, Vinegar Joe.	Tagged: blues, concert, concerts, folk, gig, gigs, music, pop, prog rock, R&B, rock, rock n roll.	2 comments
Elkie Brooks Sunderland Empire June 4th 1978 and memories of Vinegar Joe
I have good memories of Elkie Brooks gigs during the period 1971, when I first saw here in DaDa, through Vinegar Joe, to the last time I saw here as a solo artist in 1978. The first time I saw Elkie she was in a band called DaDa, and was first on an Age of Atlantic package tour with Yes and Iron Butterfly. The concert was at Newcastle City Hall, and it was the first time I went to a gig at that venue. DaDa featured her husband Pete Gage, and her singing partner Robert Palmer and were a jazz-rock fusion band with lots of members and a brass section. Those three soon left DaDa to form Vinegar Joe, who I saw at Sunderland Top Rank (supporting Free; thanks for the reminder John), Sunderland Locarno, Reading Festival, Lincoln Festival and Newcastle Mayfair (on a bill with Chicken Shack if my memory is correct; which it may well not be…). Vinegar Joe were a class R&B act, and Elkie was tremendous vocally and in terms of her stage act. She was truly a wild woman of rock in those days, with swirling skirts and crazy dancing. By 1975 Elkiehad had gone solo and soon had chart success with Pearl's a Singer and other singles. By the time I saw her again at Sunderland Empire, she was selling out concert halls across the country. By this point she was becoming a little middle of the road; however her live show was still great. I haven't been to an Elkie Brooks concert since those days, and keep meaning to do so. She still tours and has become a national treasure. Writing this convinces me that I need to go and see her again soon. Thanks to John for mailing me the scan of the Vinegar Joe poster, which must have come from a Manchester University gig in the early 70s.


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Q: Session-less HttpHandler and routing to custom handler for only one controller .NET We have an web app that will make an AJAX call to the server every 30 seconds to update a value in a page. The app itself is a mixture of MVC and webforms (part of the app was upgraded to MVC while the other is still legacy). The issue with the AJAX call is that it will reset the session timeout essentially never allowing the user to timeout. A work around I found was from this answer (Disable Session state per-request in ASP.Net MVC) which is to create a new handler that does not use Session. That should solve the issue.
Though my second problem is that it does not seem as though the application is following my new routing rule for the only controller that uses this "session-less" handler:
    routes.MapRoute(
        name: "Default",
        url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
        defaults: new { controller = "FirstController", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
    );
        routes.Add("Sessionless", new Route("SessionlessController/SessionlessAction/{id}",
                new RouteValueDictionary(new { id= UrlParameter.Optional }),
                new SessionlessHandler()));

I have a breakpoint on my handler, though the app does not seem to go to the handler:
public class SessionlessHandler: IRouteHandler {
    public IHttpHandler GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) {
        return null;
    }
}

I want it that only my "session-less" controller will use this custom handler and all other controls use default.

A: You need to reverse the order of your routes so the most specific route executes before your general Default route.
routes.Add("Sessionless", new Route("SessionlessController/SessionlessAction/{id}",
        new RouteValueDictionary(new { id= UrlParameter.Optional }),
        new SessionlessHandler()));

routes.MapRoute(
    name: "Default",
    url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
    defaults: new { controller = "FirstController", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);

See Why map special routes first before common routes in asp.net mvc for a complete explanation.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Relish is mellowing in the fridge!!
I'm making Mama Stamberg's Cranberry Relish today! I like to make it the very first thing in Thanksgiving prep, because it benefits from mellowing in the fridge.
Since I got two bags of cranberries, I'll make another dish too. . .probably Paul's Cranberry Chutney! Funny that I have all the ingredients already.
I also have some lamb stewing in a big pot on the stove. Heavenly. There should be no stress left by the time I'm done!
I'm sure mom's Thanksgiving table will have the usual cranberry sauce on it, as well as turkey gravy. Other than that, not sure what will be on the table.
I decided to make a different condiment this year. After many years in a row of making my usual fresh cranberry-orange-ginger relish, I made a cranberry chutney this year.
I have leftover cranberries, so I'm making this in addition to the Mama Stamberg's Cranberry relish (see previous posts). Happy Thanksgiving, everyone!
I think after today, everyone will have left over cranberries.
I made the chutney too, Lee. This year, I added minced jalapeños.
Melt red currant jelly; add shallots, julienned orange and lemon zest and fresh grated ginger. Mix mustard in wine and add to currant jelly. Add orange and lemon juice and simmer for 5 to 10 minutes. Season with salt and cayenne pepper.
Finally starting to understand why I'm so drawn to this sauce. . . it turns out that my mother's family started out their settlement in America near the Cumberland Gap!
It's time to start looking through holiday recipes.
Oh yes. Making Cumberland Sauce will have a whole new meaning for me this year, after going through the Cumberland Gap on the trail of my ancestors.
Yeah, that will be a different experience!


text:
Lorenzo Gennari (also known as Ariminese; 15951665–72) was an Italian painter.

Gennari was born in Cento in 1595 to the painter Benedetto.  From 1615–17, Gennari was apprenticed to Guercino and frescoed the Pannini family home in Cento; afterwards, he followed the senior painter to Bologna.  Cassandra and Coroebus (The Capture of Cassandra and Death of Coroebus)—previously The Inspiration of Cassandra—was painted between 1615–30; it was originally attributed to Guercino, but "is too clumsy to even be a copy of a lost painting of his. It is certainly an autonomous work by Gennari, but based on drawings by Guercino."  Gennari died between 1665 and 1672 in Rimini.

References

1595 births
17th-century deaths
17th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
People from Cento

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The South African Poultry Association (SAPA) said on Tuesday that it had noted with alarm that the insidious dumping of chicken from Brazil that plagues the local industry has also taken root in Namibia.
Izaak Breitenbach, GM of SAPA's broiler division, said that it was increasingly clear that Southern Africa was now in the crosshairs of exporters looking for markets for the unwanted leg quarters that are the byproducts of their lucrative breast-meat exports to the US and Europe.
Breitenbach said that given similar experiences with the effects of chicken dumping in West Africa, it may be necessary for Africa to stand together to fight dumping from big market players.
After historically being a net importer of chicken, Namibia was encouraged by the increase in demand for poultry to invest in developing a home-grown chicken industry, following a pattern that saw local chicken industries in other African countries all but wiped out by dumped imports.
"Our neighbours to the north have a small chicken industry compared to ours and is even more vulnerable to the devastating effects of uncontrolled dumping, which poses serious risks even to a robust industry," Breitenbach said.
"As the South African experience proves, job losses are soon to follow, but what is worse is that the investment in a new industry that Namibia embarked on only six years ago, might bear no more than stunted fruit once this predatory trade practice wipes out any possibility of industry expansion and development.
"We believe that the time has come for Southern African countries to stand together against this onslaught from Brazil, which is one of the biggest exporters of chicken in the world, and which targets this region with bulk exports of unwanted brown meat."
Breitenbach said the Namibian industry is calling for drastic action, and they have the full support of the SA Poultry Association.
"Our members have already joined other producers in the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) in making an application to the International Trade Administration Commission for an 82 percent import tariff imposed on Brazil, among a number of other countries," Breitenbach said.
"Already, once thriving chicken industries in other African countries have bitten the dust. The experience in Namibia proves that Brazil is now targeting multiple markets with identical formats and prices, and this intentional predation needs to be addressed as a matter of urgency."


text:
Q: Is there / should there be a naming convention for expl3 extensions? In other programming languages, there is a (sometimes pretty loose) standard on how to name modules / packages / etc. Does expl3 have such a convention in place or, if not, what should it be?
Say you created a Shape object (for whatever reason) for LaTeX and you wished to publish it to CTAN (for whatever reason).
Would you name it:

*

*ltx3shape

*expl3shape (weird, since in the future it won't be 'experimental' anymore)

*ltx3-shape

*latex3-shape

*...

*???

A: For most packages, the link to LaTeX3/expl3 is really one for the programmer to worry about. As such, they should be named to help the end user find the functionality and not necessarily 'mention' expl3 at all.
For code specifically seeking to add ideas to the programming layer, the current approach seems to be for programmers to use lt3.... Presumably, some of these ideas, if widely taken up, will end up with 'kernel' level module names as they will be adopted or adapted by the team, but others may well remain 'outside' the core.


text:
TJSD reflects on season after senior night and looks to the future post-season
Kate Deng, Entertainment Editor
Thomas Jefferson Swim and Dive (TJSD), along with being known as a good regional and state school team, is also known for their spirit and extravagant senior nights. This year, the Class of 2016 made sure Jan. 9 would be a night to remember.
"Senior night was really bittersweet since I genuinely wanted the seniors to have a great night, but at the same time it's like recognizing that they're about to leave. I've looked up to TJSD seniors ever since I was a freshman. It's hard to imagine that next year it's going to be us doing all that, because honestly I can't think of anyone who could replace TJSD 2015," junior Matthew Guo said.
For Senior Night 2015, every senior was made a poster and personalized gifts such as pillow pets, lanyards and towels. Along with that, juniors made a remake of Taylor Swift's "22" and called it "24," for all 24 seniors on TJSD this year. During senior night, every senior prepared a speech and everyone exchanged their goodbyes.
"I've spent the last three years watching TJSD senior nights, and it's unreal to think about how ours has already flown past. And I'm excited for the upcoming championship meets, but sad that they will be my last swimming with TJSD," senior Luke Thorsell said.
After almost three weeks later, the TJSD season has come to an end. The last team-wide meet of the year was last Friday, Jan. 23. The end of the TJSD season marks the start of the post-season, including the North Region and State Championships within the last weeks of January and all of February.
"I'm stoked for post-season but nervous at the same time. 2015 is our best class, so this is our year to take home the state championship for both boys and girls," junior Charlie Lertlumprasert said. "In the girls 200 medley relay this year, we are trying to break the school record!"
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text:
Home Gaming Xbox One begins world tour
FeaturedGamingNewsHD NewsXbox One
Xbox One begins world tour
By Sam Jordan
Like a rock star who announced his intentions to start doing more disco, then reversed course after his fans threatened to overturn his tour bus, the Xbox One is taking its show on the road. Starting tomorrow, October 1, Microsoft will be hitting 75 cities worldwide through the end of the year, showcasing its new console. Gamers will get the chance to go hands-on with the Xbox One ahead of its Nov. 22 U.S. launch date and possibly even meet Xbox celebrities like Major Nelson.
In addition to the plethora of "Test Drive" tour stops, special "Area One" events will also be held in several cities. These events will be more robust, with live music and upgraded fanfare in unique venues. Both types of events are free, though "Area One" events will have limited space and are 18 and older only, so bring your ID. The cities designated for "Area One" events include Philadelphia, Toronto, Chicago, Atlanta, Dallas, Phoenix, San Francisco, Los Angeles, London, Vienna, Paris and Berlin.
Gamers will be among the first to get their hands on the launch games for the $500 multimedia system, including titles like "Forza Motorsport 5," "Ryse: Son of Rome," "Killer Instinct," "Dead Rising 3," "Crimson Dragon," "Max: Curse of the Brotherhood," "LocoCycle" and more.
To see where the four decked-out Xbox One trucks will be headed, stay updated on Twitter @XboxOneTrucks.
Area One Tour Dates
Philadelphia: 10.3–10.6
Paris: 10.10–10.13
Toronto: 10.10–10.13
Chicago: 10.17–10.20
Vienna: 10.17–10.20
Atlanta: 10.24–10.27
Dallas: 10.31–11.3
Berlin: 10.31–11.3
Phoenix: 11.7–11.10
San Francisco: 11.14–11.17
Dublin: 11.14–11.17
Los Angeles: 11.21
London: 11.21–11.24
Trolls World Tour releasing to Blu-ray, 4k Blu-ray &…
New on Blu-ray: Trolls World Tour, War of the…
Apple TV launching on Xbox One, Xbox Series X & Series S
Area One
Previous articleDelta pilots to utilize Surface 2 tablets
Next articleWas HD Home Theater Responsible For Breaking Bad's Success?
Sam Jordanhttps://hd-report.com
Sam Jordan is a freelance writer, editor, and comedian.


text:
Gramam (Namma Gramam) is an Indian bilingual film written, directed and produced by actor-producer Mohan Sharma. It was simultaneously made in Malayalam and Tamil languages under the titles Gramam and Namma Gramam, respectively. It stars Nishan, Samvrutha, Nedumudi Venu, Sukumari Nair, Mohan Sharma, Y. G. Mahendraa, Nalini and Fathima Babu. The film, which was well received by critics upon its screening at various film festivals, won two National Film Awards and two Kerala State Film Awards among other laurels. Gramam is the first part of a trilogy on the Palakkad Brahmin community. Set between 1937 and 1947, the film is about a child widow and how she fights societal conventions. The second and third parts of the trilogy will be respectively set between 1947-1962 and 1962–1975. The film got released in Kerala on 10 August 2012. Sukumari received the National award for Best Supporting actress in 2010 for her sensitive portrayal.

Awards
 National Film Awards
 Won - Silver Lotus Award - Best Supporting Actress - Sukumari
 Won - Silver Lotus Award - Best Costume Design - Indrans Jayan
 Kerala State Film Awards
 Best Story - Mohan Sharma
 Best Male Playback Singer - Balamuralikrishna

 Tamil Nadu State Film Awards
Tamil Nadu State Film Award Special Prize for Best Film -Mohan Sharma
Best Editor-B. Lenin

Cast
 Mohan Sharma as Rao Bahadur Mani Swami
 Nishan as Kannan
 Samvrutha as Thulasi
 Sukumari as Amminiyamma/ Paatti
 Nedumudi Venu as Govindankutty Maashu
 Nalini as Kunju Ammaal
 Priya as Nechumu/Lakshmiyamma
 Renuka as Thankam
 Kozhikode Narayanan Nair as Panikkar Jolsyan
 Kalamandalam Radhika as Narayani
 Fathima Babu as Karthyayani
 Y. G. Mahendra as Burma Ambi Swami
 Maya Vishwanath as Bhargavi
 Kripa as Vrinda
 Aneesh G Menon as Kuttan
 Ravi Shankar
 Abhilash

References

External links

2012 films
2010s Malayalam-language films
2010s Tamil-language films
Indian drama films
Films featuring a Best Supporting Actress National Film Award-winning performance
Films that won the Best Costume Design National Film Award
2012 multilingual films
Indian multilingual films
Films shot in Palakkad
2012 directorial debut films
2012 drama films


text:
The first reviews of the Apple TV are in and it sounds completely underwhelming
Jillian D'Onfro, Bryan Logan
Apple's TV streaming box hits stores on Friday, but we're seeing the first reviews trickle out.
The device, which connects to your TV to make it possible to stream content from the web, costs $US149 for a 32 GB model and $US199 for a 64GB model.
Here's what critics have to say about the new Apple TV:
It basically just brings your phone onto your TV screen. "Think of Apple's fourth-generation box as a way to turn your TV into a giant iPhone," writes Geoffrey Fowler for The Wall Street Journal. The downside of that is that the Apple TV probably won't blow your mind, but the bright side is that Apple has managed to make the TV just as easy to use and versatile as its hit phone.
There's still a lot of work to do. Walt Mossberg wrote for The Verge that the new device is fast and easy to use, but adds that "it feels very much like a first effort at a new approach." He continues: "Some of its new features, like voice control, are catchups. And some seem too limited." For example, super-crisp 4K viewing isnt' supported and Siri doesn't work in all the apps.
It's not the best choice for cord-cutters but "cord-shavers" will be interested. Fowler wrote for WSJ that the Roku 4 will be the best option for people who don't want to pay for cable at all, but that the Apple TV is a good option for people who want to stream more while keeping some of their cable services. People should buy the Apple TV if they're "looking for a fun casual game system or companies for your other Apple products."
Spoken commands for Siri are a hit. "It's clear that Apple worked its fingers to the bone on this; it works unbelievably well," David Pogue over at Yahoo says. Reviewers loved how Siri would rewind a show and add captions is they said that they missed something and how you could ask for specific actors and get a list of their movies.
Gaming and apps get a big push. Apple TV's redesigned remote has built-in motion sensors, allowing it to double as a game controller. Gameplay on the device is on par with the Nintendo Wii U, The New York Times' Brian X. Chen writes: "Some of the casual games seemed to compete directly in Nintendo's sweet spot: lightweight, family-friendly gaming."
NOW WATCH: We tried the 'Uber-killer' that offers flat fares and no surge pricing
apple apple tv sai-us


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Home Insights Surgical How the seahorse got its (square) tail
How the seahorse got its (square) tail
20 Jul 2015 2min read
It may sound like something out of an Aesop's animal fable, but the seahorse has an unusual tail. Unlike most other animal tails, which have circular or oval tail cross-sections, a seahorse's tail has a square cross-section. Its tail skeleton is arranged in ring-like segments, with each segment composed of four L-shaped plates surrounding the central vertebra.
Intrigued by this difference, international researchers have looked at why the seahorse's tail has evolved in this way. The answer it seems is that square-shaped tails are better at grasping – allowing the seahorse to hold onto sea grasses, coral and other objects in its environment. The tail shape also provides radial strength, making it more crush-resistant.
It is extraordinary to think that this remarkable little creature may hold the key to medical device innovation; studying the biological structure of the seahorse's tail like this in the lab could lead to building better endoscopes and surgical robotic arms.
Image source: animalia-life.com
Function, beauty and expressiveness
When engineering meets the sea
Rise of the machines: the reality of robotics in medicine


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These tickets are also known as "Gridlock" or "Blocking the Box". If convicted you will be fined and receive two points on your driver's license. The offense is committed when a vehicle enters the intersection without sufficient space to clear the crosswalk on the other side.
These tickets were mainly issued in Manhattan, but now are issued city wide, with streets in all boroughs becoming increasingly congested. Also, expect major holiday season enforcement of Obstruction/Gridlock tickets.


Really a tree, with a very straight heavy trunk and a beautifully proportioned spreading crown of light green, fluffy fronds.
Needs filtered sunlight, grows slowly to 3 to 4 feet tall after several years, by which time it will need an 8- or 10-inch pot.
Meticulous attention to watering is required, because this treefern, delightful for accent in a greenhouse full of flowers, does not survive a drying out.
Will do well only in a greenhouse that maintains high humidity and 60 F at night.


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text:
Q: Databases for filtering pop culture quotes or celebrity-related data out of text (e.g., tweets)? I am trying to mine social media data, such as tweets. However, social media data have a lot of noise- for example people discussing celebrities or quoting a movie/TV/song, that is something most generally that is not about themselves or somebody they actually know personally.
So, is: are there any dynamic (i.e., automatically updated) databases on the most popular current celebrities? Movie quotes that they are in or song lyrics that they sing would also be relevant.

A: I don't think such a curated list exists. Smaller ones do exist, for example the 100 top movies quotes on Wikipedia. However, these are not updated.
One possibility is to filter out the aspects of your input that appear on another social media site that tracks trends, such as Delicious. Unless you are looking for trends, something that rises to the top of two trending sites likely ... is just a trend.
Delicious has a nice Python wrapper for its API.
In Pythonic pseudocode,
 data = social-media.content
 data = filter(lambda datum: datum not in delicious.content-list,data)


text:
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THE FUNCTIONS OF THE SEJM OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND (Funkcje Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej)
Drop Krzysztof
Studia Polityczne (Political Studies) > 2007 > 20 > 127-158
Alongside the Senate, the Sejm of the Republic of Poland is one of Poland's two main lawmaking organs. The author characterises the functions of the Sejm, defining them in terms of the fundamental directions of its operations. Mention is made of an assumption regarding the basis of each of the Sejm's prerogatives. The execution of the following duties falls within the competence of the Chamber of Deputies: the shaping of the political regime, law making, budgetary matters, the acceptance of international law and the establishment and closure of state organs and organs of supervision. The shaping of the political regime is a very important function of the Sejm, giving it, together with the Senate, the possibility of voting in changes to the constitution. Taking into consideration the complexity of the legislative procedures, the author devotes considerable attention to presenting this aspect of the Sejm's competence, which it carries out in conjunction with the upper chamber, the Senate. Focus is also placed on the task of the establishment and closure of state organs, which is performed by the Sejm and which is also known as a 'creative function'. This is of extraordinary importance, particularly in the case of appointing a new government as, without receiving a vote of confidence from the Chamber of Deputies, a government is unable to function in practice. The Sejm plays an essential role when it comes to acting in a supervisory capacity with regard to the organs of state. Amongst the many powers with which the constitution endows the Sejm is the possibility of passing a constructive vote of no confidence against the entire Council of Ministers, as well as that of dismissing an individual minister for his actions the department he or she heads. The author also gives consideration to the Sejm's performance in the capacity of accepting international law, which, in the contemporary, globalised world, is beginning to play an increasingly important role.
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SEJM'S FUNCTIONS (POLAND)
Publication languages: Polish
Data set: CEJSH
Institute of Political Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences and Collegium Civitas
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WWJD: Send Doyle to the Pro Bowl
Pro Bowl voting ends in just a few weeks! We're wondering WWJD (What Would Jack Do?) with a chance to play in Orlando!
Post on Twitter or Instagram "#ProBowlVote Jack Doyle" or submit your ballot at colts.com/probowl.
Jack Doyle has totaled 37 catches for 386 yards (10.4 avg.) and four touchdowns.
Doyle ranks tied for 5th in the NFL in touchdowns among tight ends with four.
Set single-game career highs with nine catches and 78 yards in a Week 7 win at Tennessee. He also caught the game-winning touchdown with 1:55 remaining in the fourth quarter.
Colts Reflect On Philip Rivers' Retirement
Following Philip Rivers announcing his retirement from the NFL, Colts Owner & CEO Jim Irsay, General Manager Chris Ballard and Head Coach Frank Reich shared statements on the QBs career
After 17 Seasons, Philip Rivers Announces His Retirement From NFL
Philip Rivers, who just wrapped up his first season as the Indianapolis Colts' quarterback after spending the first 16 years of his illustrious career with the San Diego/Los Angeles Chargers, announced his retirement from the NFL today.
Nine Colts Players Receive PFWA Honors
The Pro Football Writers of America announced that Quenton Nelson, DeForest Buckner and George Odum earned PFWA All-NFL honors; Darius Leonard and Ryan Kelly were named to the PFWA All-AFC Team; Jonathan Taylor, Rodrigo Blankenship, Isaiah Rodgers and Jordan Glasgow made the PFWA All-Rookie Team
Colts' 2020 Season Recap
Revisit each game of the Indianapolis Colts 2020 season


When you paint wording on a T-shirt or other piece of fabric, producing letters that are even and uniform in design can be difficult. This can make the finished product appear novice and cheaply made. One solution is to use a lettering stencil when painting on wording, which will produce clear and even letters. You can find lettering stencils in a variety of sizes and designs at any craft supply store or scrapbooking shop.
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Tape a lettering stencil onto the fabric using art tape. Art tape can secure the stencil onto the fabric without leaving behind a sticky residue.
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Personalize your t-shirt with stenciled words. Get your message to the masses, decorate for family events, or just for fun.