text:
New Cream Targets Brain's Cannabinoid Receptors Without Using THC Or CBD
Developed by two Detroit doctors, CB2++ Repair Cream could be a new way to benefit the body's CB2 cannabinoid receptor without THC or CBD.
Image credit: via Benzinga
Javier Hasse
cannabis, biotech and entrepreneurship reporter
This story originally appeared on Benzinga
Detroit doctors Jessica and Rachel Kado launched CB2++ Repair Cream, a patented product that provides inflammation and pain relief by targeting the body's CB2 cannabinoid receptor. A plant-based, non-prescription cream, this product binds cannabinoid receptors without using THC or CBD.
CB2++ has been used by professional athletes including players from the Detroit Lions and is endorsed by Kevin Bastin, former NFL head athletic trainer for 25 years with the Lions, Houston Texans and Washington Redskins.
RELATED: What You Need To Know About The Endocannabinoid System
"This is the next generation of care for anti-inflammation and pain relief," Dr. Jessica Kado said. "Using non-marijuana plants, we have been able to harness the power of phytocannabinoids by targeting a receptor called CB2 that is naturally active in the body's immune system. The results have been outstanding in treating sore muscles, joints and tendons in repair, recovery and injury prevention in people of all ages. We are excited to launch our product commercially to a wider audience."
Bastin also weighed in on the product.
RELATED: The Lowdown On CBD
"To decrease skin and tendon inflammation quickly without using irritants or steroids, look no further than CB2++ repair cream. Using this product, we have seen positive results and the feedback from athletes has been universally positive," Bastin said.
To stay up to date on the latest marijuana-related news make sure to like Benzinga on Facebook
Terry's digital marketing expertise can help you with campaign planning, execution and optimization and best practices for content marketing.
The Stories Behind Cannabis Companies And Their Partnerships With Mainstream Businesses
Is It Time For Cannabis To Grow Up?
6 Lessons To Learn From Emerging Industries When Breaking Into Cannabis
The Excitement Over Weed Beer, Explained
Whatever Business You're In, You Can Pivot to the Cannabis Business


Sleep is an art form – and the Liberty London team is committed to getting you the best materials for the job. Shop to discover soft, fluid Tana Lawn cotton, with a range of prints that includes heritage favourites and new seasonal designs. Cosy pyjama sets, camisoles and robes are just the thing for the perfect night in.
The Elysian Paradise Tana Lawn cotton nightshirt is a luxe must-have for warm, cosy evenings and lazy lie-ins alike.
The Delilah brushed cotton pyjama set is a luxe night time must-have for all seasons, perfect for relaxing both at home and away.
The Delilah brushed cotton nightshirt is a luxe night time must-have for all seasons, perfect for relaxing both at home and away.
The Mala brushed cotton pyjama set is a luxe night time must-have for all seasons, perfect for relaxing both at home and away.
The Mala brushed cotton nightshirt is a luxe night time must-have for all seasons, perfect for relaxing both at home and away.
The Mala cotton jacquard pyjama set is a luxe night time must-have for all seasons, perfect for relaxing both at home and away.
The Mala cotton jacquard eye mask is a must-have for blissful slumber at home and away – wherever in the world you may find yourself.
The Lodden Tana Lawn cotton pyjama set is a luxe night time must-have for all seasons, perfect for relaxing in both at home and away.
The Imran Tana Lawn cotton eye mask is a must-have for blissful slumber at home and away – wherever in the world you may find yourself.
The Elysian Paradise Tana Lawn cotton eye mask is a must-have for blissful slumber at home and away – wherever in the world you may find yourself.
The Mala cotton jacquard long robe is a luxe night time must-have for all seasons, perfect for relaxing both at home and away.
The Delilah brushed cotton eye mask is a must-have for blissful slumber at home and away – wherever in the world you may find yourself.


text:
Bacchi Moderations
Media Presenter. Pop Culture Librarian. Keeper of Birds.
Auxiliary Adventures
Bird Bites
Cute Chronicles
Pop Culture Meetup
Australian Comic Arts Festival
Oz Comic Con
Oz Comic Con Blog
TOASTED TV Audition
31 Digital TV Archives
Geek Speak Archive
Most Popular Podcast
Marvel/DC/Image Comic News Scripts
Ever wonder what happened to the Joker in the DC New 52 Detective Comics last year ? You know, with the whole him losing his face to Batmans latest foe, Dollmaker ?
*Well, in October's Batman #13, Scott Snyder and Greg Capullo will kick off a Joker story line titled "Death of the Family," utilizing the villain in what DC has announced will be a "dark, horrifying, unnerving" way.
*The Joker storyline is expected to spill over into other Bat-family titles, as DC revealed that "the grave consequences of the Joker's re-emergence will be felt by not only the Bat-family, but by all of Gotham City."
*DC recently saw a substantial sales increase with the "Night of the Owls," storyline which saw most Bat-family titles tying into the main Batman storyline.
*Artist Greg Capullo has said that this is a dream come true as the Joker is the ultimate rogue and the villain he most wanted to draw.
*"Death of the Family" will bring back the Joker after the character appeared briefly in Detective Comics #1 in September 2011. However, at the end of that issue the character had his face literally removed, and has not been seen again in the New DC 52 universe.
*Some fans are a little worried that the Clown Prince of Crime's new face will be reminiscent of Heath Ledger's, from The Dark Knight movie. Fear not horror fans, for Capullo has stated The Joker's redesign will be "a macabre and bloody, flesh crawling nightmare NOT for the faint of heart!". Just doesn't sound cute enough to look like Heath…
*He crippled Batgirl in 'Killing Joke', he killed a Robin in 'Death in the Family', how will the citizens of Gotham escape 'The Joker' and his crazy plans in this latest adventure?
*Make sure you pop into your local comic shop and grab a copy of Batman #13 when it hits the shelves this October ……
Well it was never a matter of "if" but "when" Marvel would follow in the footsteps of competitor DC, and relaunch their line of comics in some form or another. 'Keeping up the Joness' if you will!
*Unlike the DC reboot, last September, which restarted all of the company's popular titles from scratch, in one big hit, the latest news from Marvel, is that as of Feb 2013 they will gradually relaunch one series per week, under the label Marvel NOW!
*Take note that the difference between the Marvel and DC reboots is that Marvel is not completely redefining their universe, they are relaunching SOME characters and costumes, but with all new numbering.
*The short list of confirmed titles are Avengers, said to be written by Jonathan Hickman with over 18 members on the team, X-Men, written by Brian Michael Bendis dealing with the original five X-Men time traveling to the present day, and The Uncanny Avengers, which will include Captain America, Wolverine, Thor, Rogue, Havok, and many others.
*Image Comics has announced that an ultra rare hardcover version of the The Walking Dead Compendium will be exclusively available at the San Deigo Comic Con this year.
*The Compendium, which is the first 48 issues of The Walking Dead comic series, will have an exclusive cover drawn by Charlie Allard, and is primed to be one of the most sought after items at the International Comic Convention.
* Since the release of the television series boosted its popularity in 2010, the first compendium has been on several best seller lists.
*For fans who have been patiently waiting for the second 'walking dead compendium', it will be released this October , and will contain issues number 49 to 96.
*Charlie Allard has also created an exclusive cover for Issue #1 of The Walking Dead, The Official Magazine, which will debut this Dec.
*Within it's 100 pages, fans can expect the best interviews from the cast and crew, an indepth look at the zombie make up and special effects design, and the comic book writers and how they go about creating each of the monthly issues.
*Stay tuned to Facebook Page for all of the latest information about Robert Kirkman's zombie, apocalyptic, survival, horror, universe, including the tv show, comics, video game and much, much more.
*Many people are eagerly awaiting the cinematic intrepretation of Edgar Allen Poe's 'The Raven' which has not yet reached Australian shores.
*If you would like to get up to date with some of Edgar Allen Poe's poetic endeavours, in comic style, check out Darkhorse's Edgar Allan Poe's The Conqueror Worm. It is the story of a betrayed man who hunts down his wife and her lover, only to stumble upon a gruesome puppet show based on his life.
*Other works, by the famous poet, that may be seen in the series include The Sleeper, The City in the Sea, The Masque of the Red Death, and The Raven (to name a few).
*Created by Richard Corben, also known for his work on Hellboy, the series will be rotten to the core! Make sure to keep an eye out for it this November.
backflipbacchi
Pretty Insta Pictures
Book of Faces
amanda@backflipbacchi.com
Contact Dr Paul Mason
pmason83@gmail.com
www.masoncomics.com.au
Eldritch Kid Kickstarter!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Update and maintain engine control software using matlab/simulink and auto C.
Update/maintain/and coordinate facility testing efficiency tracking system using excel VBA or other.
Macro/tool creation for data processing and database improvement.
Proficiency in Matlab with Simulink.


Fortnite now runs at 60 frames per second on the latest iPhone devices as of the latest Fortnite iOS update. If anyone is keeping count, that's a higher frame rate than the Nintendo Switch and all other Android devices.
The latest Fortnite iOS update added an option for players on the iPhone XS, iPhone XS Max and iPhone XR to run the game at 60 frames per second instead of the otherwise standard 30 frames per second. In comparison, the Nintendo Switch is locked at 30 frames per second.


High-quality bracelet. This bracelet is fair trade and 100% Dutch handmade from the finest materials with recycled copper. The ancient Egyptians often used this combination of copper and Lapis Lazuli. A beautiful color combination.
Materials: 12mm Lapis Lazuli beads, and Oxidezed Recycled Copper.


text:
Tag Archives: 2012 election
Is Claire McCaskill's strategy paying off?
Posted by Michael Bersin in Uncategorized
2012 election, Claire McCaskill, Jon Brunner, missouri, Sarah Steelman, Senate election, Todd Akin
A recent poll shows Senator Claire McCskill trailing all three of her potential GOP challengers in spite of the fact that it would be charitable to characterize these particular GOPers as leftover dog's breakfast. And this is occurring even though McCaskill has carefully avoided identification with the progressive viewpoint and honed her "moderate" credentials, usually thought to be just the ticket for purple state Democrats.
McCaskill has tried hard to present herself as a pragmatist who takes a reasonable, open-minded approach, calibrating just which right-wing memes she needs to validate in order to buy a little credibility with out-state voters and which progressive principles are too precious to abandon. Take the recent senate vote on extending the Bush tax cuts for the middle class but not for the wealthy if you want an example of how McCasill balances one step on the left with a second step to the right:
Illustrating the potential high-voltage political impact of the vote, Sen. Claire McCaskill, D-Mo., who is in a tight re-election race, announced she had introduced a bill preventing the estate tax from rising next year, and Tester co-sponsored it. She issued a news release to that effect just minutes after voting for the Democratic bill, which would let estate taxes go much higher in 2013.
If the polls are to be believed, this strategy has done little for McCaskill apart from almost alienating progressives. I say almost because most progressives know how to balance reality with their druthers and can live with ambiguity in the person of politicians teetering on the centrist tightrope, at least when the other choices are wallowing in rightwing mud.
Conventional wisdom is that McCaskill is trying hard to please those amorphous creatures we usually term "independent" voters. There's some doubt that this designation actually pertains to a real entity, but McCaskill seems to be convinced that there are a few – or, at least, some erstwhile Republicans who are alienated by the circus freak show that now dominates the Republican party. The hope seems to have been that this group, if sufficiently cosseted, would provide her just enough votes in outstate areas that, combined with the Kansas City and St. Louis metro areas where she's gold, it would enable her to prevail. It's worked before, but I'm wondering if conditions haven't changed since the election of America's first black president.
There's either not enough of these "independents," or they are, as many have claimed, low information types who're easily stampeded by negative sloganeering – of which we've had a steady barage since the election of Obama. Nasty, dishonest attacks of the same type used to slime the president and all of his initiatives have been lobbed at McCaskill as well, and it's likely that the rate of fire will accelerate even more as we approach election day. After all, corporate interests with a lot to gain from a a GOP win also seem to have nearly bottomless pockets.
Lot's of progressives sought to remind McCaskill that few among the GOP-leaning types were going to vote for a Democrat when they could get the real thing in the GOP shop. Nor does it seem that "moderate" is going buy McCaskill anything in an environment where the crazies are taking over, emotions are running high, lies are daily currency, facts – such as her "moderate" voting record – are easily overlooked, and where reasonable is just too … reasonable.
One can only hope that McCaskill will still pull it out, and that the endgame will justify her strategic gamble. After the primary, when she knows which variety of dufus she'll be facing, she can direct a steady light on his or her particular strain of know-nothing Republicanism and maybe peel off a few real, erstwhile GOP moderates. Meanwhile, it's hard to resist saying I told you so even though we know how much is at stake.
Boehner the Basher
2012 election, Attorney General, Attorney General Eric Holder, Cartoons of John Bohner, Congress, Election Year Politics, House Speaker, John Boehner, National Security Leaks, Obama White House, Political Cartoons, political humor, President Obama, presidential race, republican political humor, speaker of the house
RELEASE: McCaskill Opens Kansas City Campaign Office at Event with Volunteers and Supporters
2012 election, Claire McCaskill, Democrat, Kansas City
Office Will Serve As Hub of McCaskill's Grassroots Campaign in Support of Missouri's Middle Class Families
Kansas City, Mo. — Today, Senator Claire McCaskill joined supporters and volunteers at the opening of the Missouri Democratic Party's Coordinated Campaign office in Kansas City. At the event, Claire thanked the crowd in attendance and delivered brief remarks about the clear choice in this campaign between a Senator who's on the side of Missouri's middle class families and three extreme candidates who are beholden to the Washington special interests.
"I know that TV ads won't elect me and the millions of dollars in outside spending certainly won't be what decides this race," said McCaskill. "It's all of you, here in this room today, when you're knocking on doors and making phone calls, that will make the difference between now and November. It's incredible to see so many of people here in Kansas City who are committed to working every day to ensure we win this thing in November."
Today's event was Claire's first 2012 campaign stop in the Kansas City area, and the first local stop for the new McCaskill for Missouri RV, which will criss-cross Missouri over the next six months as Claire takes her message directly to voters.
Video by Jerry Schmidt
Carl Rove thinks Missouri's a toss-up
2012 election, Carl Rove, Claire McCaskill, electoral college, missouri
Via David Weigel, find below the first map of the electoral college for the 2012 election produced by Carl Rove – who Weigel notes, has been surprisingly accurate in the past. Weigel observes that it is "more optimistic than some Democrats I talk to are willing to be," adding the parenthetical "Rove, you prince of trickery!" I wonder what he could possibly mean?
Of especial interest: Rove considers Missouri to be a toss-up, which, if it pans out, should be good news for Claire McCaskill. There's nothing like a good set of coattails (and "toss-up" constitutes better coattails than "leans Romney" – which better conforms to conventional wisdom). Of course, as far as McCaskill's chances go, there's also nothing like a set of potential opponents who are, as Ed Kilgore puts it, engaged in "one of those look-at-me-I'm-the-craziest GOP primaries."
Addendum: Missouri's toss-up status probably explains why Carl Rove's Crossroads GPS is ginning up its ad campaign against McCaskill once again:
Crossroads GPS, the nonprofit affiliate of the GOP-aligned super PAC, is launching an $1.2 million ad blitz against five Democratic Senate candidates on Tuesday, using its early financial advantage to attack the candidates' records on spending and taxes.
The ads are targeted against Sen. Claire McCaskill, D-Mo., Sen. Jon Tester, D-Mont., Rep. Shelley Berkley, D-Nev., former Democratic National Committee Chairman Tim Kaine, and former North Dakota Attorney General Heidi Heitkamp.
Be prepared for some big time lies – and remember there's lots more $ where these ad buys come from.
Roy Blunt and Mitt Romney: Soulmates
2012 election, Misouri, Mitt Romney, Rick Perry, Roy Blunt, tea party
Todays big Roy Blunt news:
Sen. Roy Blunt, a key Republican political insider, will head Mitt Romney's effort to secure congressional support for the former Massachusetts governor's presidential bid, the latest move by the GOP establishment to close ranks for 2012.
According to both Romney and Blunt, this political marriage is based on their mutual concern for "job creation." Or is it their mutual concern for "job creators," as in big corporate campaign contributors?
Then there's this observation:
A longstanding conservative as well as an establishment figure, Blunt could help polish Romney's image among both conservatives and Washington insiders.
I think that this means that the Romney camp recognizes that Blunt has managed the essential balancing act between serving GOP corporatist goals and numbly spouting Tea Party bromides. So far, Romney's efforts to straddle that line looks looks like nothing other than the crassest sort of flip-floppery. My own personal theory about this distinction is that Blunt's demeanor is so wooden and his delivery so rote that it is taken as unstudied by the literally unstudied Tea Partiers, whereas the glib and relatively animated Romney only excites distrust from the less-polished denizens of Tea Party Land.
It also helps that Blunt never really bothers to explain or justify his past actions; he just grunts and stays on the GOP point du jour. Maybe he can teach Romney to shut up about Romneycare, the forerunner of "Obamacare," and help him jettison his efforts to justify his abysmal job creation record in Massachusetts. Blunt's rule is don't explain, just attack, no matter how crude your weapon, and, so far, it has the advantage that, as a way to divert attention from his past record, it's worked.
Blunt and Romney also have one other singular commonality: They resemble ventriloquist's dummies popular in the middle of the last century, respectively Howdy Doody and Charlie McCarthy.* This fits well with still yet another narrative attendant upon the announcement of Blunt's role in the Romney campaign, which is that Romney's rival, Rick Perry, scares the party establishment silly:
There has been talk in Republican circles that Perry might be too dangerous to run in 2012 because he demonstrates little appeal to independents. Some in the GOP point to 1972, when liberal Sen. George McGovern won the Democratic nomination for president and lost to Richard Nixon in a landslide with long-lasting political consequences.
I can easily imagine that predictable corporate puppets are preferable to the GOP movers-and-shakers – though not necessarily to the GOP base – than the perpetually foot-in-mouth loose-cannon, Rick Perry.
*Sentence edited for clarity.
GOP Senatorial contender John Brunner: Reading between the lines and finding nothing new
2012 election, Bohn Brunner, missouri, Senate, Todd Akin
You may have read about St. Louis businessman John Brunner, the chairman of health care products company Vi-Jon Inc., who is pondering a run against Claire McCaskill in 2012. Brunner has the advantage of being an unknown in a field of characters who are all probably too well known. However, if you're interested in reading between the lines, Brunner's announcement could be interpreted to indicate that he'll probably fit right in with the GOP lineup du jour:
I'm very serious," Brunner said. "We've got a fire raging here in our country and our economy. It's going to take an additional level of character and competence to deal with the crisis.
Doesn't that "fire raging" image suggest the apocalyptic hyperbole that seems to characterize the usual GOP response to issues that would almost definitely benefit from a more measured, pragmatic approach? Not to mention the hubris that allows Mr. Brunner to make the assumption that he alone has that "additional level of character and competence" that would allow him to play fireman and extinguish the flames.
Also, since I become very cranky when confronted by the perennial GOP assumption that running governments and businesses are the the same things, I was decidedly put off when Brunner declared, as if it was a brand new insight that he alone was bringing to the table:
What was true of my company is true of our country," Brunner said. "You can't borrow your way to prosperity, it takes competence and character, and the only true hope is returning to the basic fundamentals that got you to a good position before you got off track.
I'll grant that there are some elements of competent management that pertain to most organizations, private, public, for-profit or not-for-profit. However, few of these business loving GOPer pols seem to understand that businesses and governments are different in significant ways. For one thing, they differ in their ultimate goals – achieving government goals often mandate a much wider set of approaches and skill sets and lots more flexibility than is required of the typical businessman. I hate seeing folks who think that because they are able to squeeze a profit out of a few narrowly focused activities, they are competent to insure the welfare of 300 million diverse Americans.
And since Brunner seems to think character and competence are so important – he mentions them twice – I wonder what it means about his character and competence that he has, in the past, showered dim-witted Rep. Todd Akin (R-2) with significant campaign donatons. Given this fact, I bet that his conception of those "fundamentals" that "got you to a good position" might arise from a very different view of reality than that of most students of 20th century history. Could be fun, though, watching Akin and Brunner campaign against each other.
I like to be fair, so I'm willing to wait and see on which side of the crazy line Brunner actually positions himself, but it doesn't look too promising so far, even allowing for the fact that it's the 21st century GOP we're talking about. From this point of view, I understand why Politico's David Catenese thought the most important thing to emphasize about this relatively unknown potential contender is that he is a "self-funder."
Why McCaskill does what she does
2012 election, Claire McCaskill, Jim Talent, missouri, Peter Kinder, Sarah Steelman, Senate
Larry Sabato, Director of the University of Virginia Center for Politics, has summarized his admittedly very early take on the status of the 33 senate seats that will be up for grabs in 2012 in this table. Not surprisingly, of the 23 seats now held by Democrats, Claire McCaskill joins Ben Nelson (NE), Sherrod Brown (OH), and Independent Joe Lieberman (CT) as "very vulnerable" – the most troubling category since it denotes a shakier status than the "potentially vulnerable" or "vulnerable" status of many of the other Democratic incumbents.
Sabato has this to say about his early-on expectations for the coming Missouri race:
This will be a barn-burner of a contest. Democratic Sen. Claire McCaskill narrowly edged out Republican Sen. Jim Talent in the Democratic tilting year of 2006. Since 2008, when President Obama came within a whisker of carrying the Show Me State, Missouri has moved back toward the Republican camp, at least temporarily. McCaskill will be opposed by either Talent, who gives every indication of desiring a rematch, or former state treasurer Sarah Steelman. McCaskill has been a visible, forceful senator but she may be too liberal for Missouri, unless President Obama recovers strongly prior to November 2012. In any event, McCaskill is quite vulnerable.
So, when McCaskill twists and turns in the coming months, just remember that she fears the conventional wisdom that sees her tepid centrism as "too liberal."
The philosophical question here? Is it better to adhere to one's principles and go down fighting, or dance in tune to the music they're playing at the time? Doing the latter may keep the real barn-burners at bay (Talent, Steelman, or, God deliver us, Peter Kinder) – assuming that the fancy steps McCaskill will be called upon to execute are ultimately successful. And of course, there's always the possibility that McCaskill and her coterie of advisors are too tone-deaf in the first place to pick-up on the right political beat – which could change really, really fast as people get a load of the clumsy bunch of GOPers they just sent to Washington.
Claire McCaskill and the road to reelection in 2012
2012 election, Claire McCaskill, contractor fraud, Jim Talent
Now that the midterms are a couple of weeks behind us, it is time to take stock of where we stand and what the makeup of the new Congress means for the next two years, especially in Missouri, a state that is rapidly losing it's moderate, bellweather status and turning an ever-deepening shade of red as the differences between the cities and the rural areas grow more stark and more divided in their political views.
It is against that backdrop that the woman who will be Missouri's Senior Senator in the 112th Congress, freshman Claire McCaskill, launches her campaign to retain her Senate seat, a seat that has a special significance in this state because it happens to be the same one that Harry S Truman occupied before he was selected to be FDR's Vice President.
Missourians are proud of Harry Truman and the job he did in the Senate, especially his work on the Truman Committee, a position from which he delighted in knocking greedy, corpulent, war-profiteering snouts out of the public trough while he threatened the heads of big businesses with serious jail time if they failed to meet the terms of their contracts. Claire has done a worthy job of filling the seat, and she has established a solid record to run on that the more practical and pragmatic, less ideologically driven people in the rural areas can bring themselves to vote for. If she reprises the same sort of campaign she ran in 2006, she ought to be able to stitch together the same constituency that got her elected to the Senate in the first place.
That is because she has created her own brand of independence from the Democratic Party, with only three other Democratic Senators having lower party loyalty scores. That record could help to immunize her against charges that she is a "big-government, tax-and-spend liberal." Her record is one of going after waste and fraud and she is just about the only Senator in Washington doing so. She has been tireless in going after the fraud that military contractors have been perpetrating since 2001.
She was also way ahead of the curve on refusing earmarks. I happen to disagree with her on earmarks, but that doesn't change the fact that the issue can be a winner in the outstate areas.
Yet in spite of the fact that on a multitude of issues she is where the so-called tea partiers say they want their candidates to be – earmarks, going after waste, fraud and abuse, no to Cap and Trade – they make no bones about saying they "want her running scared." But of course, everyone knows that the so-called "tea partiers" are not really independent voters. They are just conservative republicans who are embarrassed to admit that they are the same conservative republicans who supported the previous administration and their wild and reckless ways, and are now trying to pretend otherwise because they are – or should be – embarrassed.
How tough her bid for reelection will be will depend a lot on the republican field and how bloody and bruising the primary gets and who comes out of it the last man or woman standing. If she faces Jim Talent in a rematch of the 2006 battle she won to unseat him, she should win fairly easily because he was such a lazy, do-nothing Senator when he held the seat, and the contrast that can be drawn between the two known quantities will be stark.
While Claire McCaskill has used her chairmanship of an Armed Services subcommittee to relentlessly go after military contractors who have defrauded the taxpayers and failed to deliver the goods and services they were contractually obligated to provide, Jim Talent failed to attend 65 of the 95 Senate Armed Services Committee meetings that were held during the time he held his seat on the committee.
That salient fact matters to a lot of outstate voters, because they all either have someone in their family who is currently serving or who has served recently. If you have a son, daughter, niece, nephew or friend who ever takes a shower in Halliburton-constructed living quarters, you tend to care that troops who were safely inside the wire where they should have been able to relax and unwind have been electrocuted in the shower, and they appreciate the fact that they have the only Senator in all of Washington who is trying to do something about it.
I have long lamented the loss of Democratic Party infrastructure in the outstate areas, especially the northern tier. Claire McCaskill won in 2006 because she didn't just concentrate on the urban areas and Columbia. She went to every county and she shook hands and she asked people to vote for her. She is a skilled politican as well as an effective legislator, and while there are a lot of people who are one or the other, Claire McCaskill is one of the few who is both. As their Senator, she has been back for town halls and kitchen table chats and kept the voters informed as to what she is doing for them in D.C., and she realizes that while the population in the northern tier of the state isn't dense, the people aren't either, and she is smart enough to go get the votes that are there to be picked up by any Democrat who will bother to ask for them.


text:
Quality Assurance Test Engineer
Location: Perth (Scotland) or Basingstoke (Hampshire, England)
EditShare is seeking a Quality Assurance Test Engineer for its video products.
A well qualified candidate would have skills and experience in the areas of video and audio post-production, digital media or networking. The Test Engineer should know their way around Linux, Mac OS and Windows, be adept at troubleshooting technical issues and think in terms of what would best benefit the end user when it comes to product usability. In this role, the Test Engineer would be expected to test EditShare's products in combination with other Video Post Production industry products in order to emulate the user experience and write reports on defects found within our products. When defects are corrected, the Test Engineer would test to ensure that the fixes are adequate. Test Engineers are also expected to carry out workflow testing, write test cases and other tasks as required. Previous experience in Digital Media related Technical Support could be useful.
What skills are required for this job?
Experience using and troubleshooting Mac, Windows and Linux Operating Systems
A customer focused approach to product quality
Experience/Knowledge in the video/film/broadcast industries
Ability to work on tasks independently yet also work within a small team environment
A drive to take the initiative in identifying problems and finding solutions, learning new skills, making things more efficient
The best candidates will also have some experience with:
Linux system administration or a strong desire to learn
TCP/IP networking
Network Attached Shared Storage (NAS) and protocols like AFP and SMB
Using a "ticket" system for organizing and reporting software defects
Prior experience in an SQA role
Working closely with software developers to perfect complex products
Communicating online with team members and management who are located remotely
A big plus is knowledge of:
Experience with Test Automation
Leaptest
EditShare is a leading developer of networked shared storage and tapeless end-to-end workflow solutions for the television and film industry. Our products include video capture and playout servers, high-performance central shared storage, archiving and backup software, database-backed media asset management, and even the world's first 3-platform (Windows/OS X/Linux) professional non-linear video editing application.
EditShare was founded in Boston in 2004. The principals all came from television and film production themselves and started the company with the idea that serious workflow improvements were needed in the industry. Today, EditShare has nearly 3500 customers worldwide, ranging from major broadcasters such as ION Networks in the USA and ITV in the UK; to high-end production companies such as PS 260, Atlas Media, and Sharp Entertainment in New York; and to the Oprah Winfrey Channel and Carson Daly in Los Angeles. We have installations at over 500 colleges and universities around the world. We are at cable television stations and corporate video departments large and small.
The spirit at EditShare is very much that of a rising technology powerhouse challenging the traditional players in the industry. We produce 5 product lines with a relatively modest number of developers. Everybody's opinion is valued and counts here. There are unlimited opportunities to have your good ideas incorporated into our products. Our release cycle is measured in months, not years.


text:
Q: same two user control in xaml I have one user control in wpf. And I want to use this user control two times in same view.
I am using mvvm approach. Can anybody give me a good suggestion that what approach I should follow.

A: Um, any reason why you aren't just using it twice?  If you bind to the VM (as the DataContext) with the same properties, it will "just work," no differently than binding two TextBlocks (or other "regular" control) to the same property in the VM.
Here I use the same control in the same window, but it could just as easily be used in the same UserControl, DataTemplate, etc. - whatever you are defining as a "view".
XAML
<Window x:Class="MyNamespace.Window1"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:MyNamespace"
        Title="My Window" Width="300" Height="300">
    <StackPanel>
        <local:MyUserControl x:Name="control1"
                             SomeProperty="{Binding MyMVVMProperty}" />
        <local:MyUserControl x:Name="control2"
                             SomeProperty="{Binding MyMVVMProperty}" />

        <TextBlock x:Name="txt1"
                   Text="{Binding AnotherMVVMProperty}" />
        <TextBlock x:Name="txt2"
                   Text="{Binding AnotherMVVMProperty}" />
        <TextBlock x:Name="txt3"
                   Text="{Binding AThirdMVVMProperty}" />

    </StackPanel>
</Window>

Code Behind
class Window1 : Window
{
    MyViewModel mViewModel = new MyViewModel();

    public Window1()
    {
        this.DataContext = mViewModel;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Young Australian Nick Cullen is having to rethink his goals for 2012 after securing the first victory of his professional career in the Enjoy Jakarta Indonesia Open.
The 27-year-old left-hander pocketed a whopping U.S. $172,000 from the $1 million purse that made up OneAsia's season opener, giving himself a healthy platform to relaunch a career that was interrupted by back problems in 2011.
Given the tournament was co-sanctioned by the Japan Golf Tour Organisation, the weekend win also opens doors in the land of the rising sun, and Cullen is guaranteed at least two starts there — including the lucrative Japan PGA Championship.
It also gives him entry to next month's second OneAsia event, the Volvo China Open, which is co-sanctioned by the European Tour.
Cullen has also made it to July's Open Championship at Royal Lytham St Annes after finishing third at international final qualifying (IFQ) in January, meaning he has gone from Pro-Ams in Adelaide to the world's oldest Major in a matter of months.
"If you had offered me this at the beginning of the season I would have had a good year," said a delighted Cullen after his nail-biting victory on Sunday.
It was the cool manner of Cullen's closing that marked him out as a star of the future.
Leading by four with five to play, Cullen suffered a devastating triple bogey and the tournament was suddenly a three-horse race as playing partner David Oh (USA) and Japan's Yoshikazu Haku birdied the 15th to put them all at eight under.
It was the sort of blow that could mess with a player's mind for years, but Cullen dug deep and on the 17th drained what he called "probably the best putt I've holed in my life" to regain a one shot advantage. Another clutch up and down on the last saw him prevail.
The young champion was full of praise for an Emeralda Golf Club course that was set up to the toughest championship conditions. Narrow fairways, punitive rough and slick greens meant only 25 players were below par for the tournament.
Cullen had to put the champagne on ice as he flew out of Jakarta later that night to take part in this week's New Zealand PGA Pro-Am Championship in Queenstown, but he found time during a stopover in Sydney to read and respond to every one of page-after-page of messages of support and congratulations on his Facebook page.
"This means the world to me," Cullen wrote to his family, friends and fans.
"I thought Leigh meant the world to you," a friend quipped back, referring to his girlfriend.
The win takes Cullen from 648 on the world rankings to 334 — still a long way to go, but many professional golfers can spend an entire career seeking their first tournament victory.
First of all he is going to have to get used to a life on the road in countries and regions he is not familiar with.
"This was only my second time in Asia so I am still getting used to it," said Cullen.
"I wasn't sure at the start of the week how to go about it. Food for example; what to eat? Everything is very different to back home.
Cullen was also pleased with the status of the event, noting that the co-sanctioning by OneAsia and the Japan Tour lifted the tournament to a different level.
The Indonesia Open is one of 14 tournaments on a busy OneAsia calendar worth more than $16 million this year.
The circuit, founded by the China Golf Association, the Korea Golf Tour, the Korea Golf Association and the PGA of Australia, aims to provide the top players in Asia-Pacific and beyond a stage to showcase their talent and ultimately offer a viable regional alternative to the U.S. PGA and European Tours.
OneAsia's suite of tournaments includes the national Opens of Australia, China, Indonesia, Korea and Thailand, as well as numerous other prestigious events.


text:
Green Cars
More Racing
But Wait, There's More
'In The Car With' Videos
The 2021 Audi Q5 Sportback Is Competent Fun
Cleaner, Greener 2022 Bentley Flying Spur Hybrid
Newgarden Says F1 No Longer Holds the Same Appeal
Shell Converts Gas Station Entirely to EV Charging
The Hirohata Mercury Sells For $1.95 Million
Honda Civic: Mass Appeal: Civic leaves enthusiasts wondering what happened
By Autoweek
HOW YOU FEEL ABOUT THE NEW CIVIC depends on what you're looking for in a car. If you want a roomy compact that is reliable and affordable and you are cross-shopping Corollas, you will love the Civic. You will probably buy one for yourself and one for your daughter, Jennifer, the Tri-Delt. But if you remember what this car used to be, what it used to mean to racers and youthful hot rodders across the country, you might have another look at that Ford Focus hatch.
In order to make more money, Honda had to sell more cars. Thus, the new Civic caters to the greatest number of buyers, and the greatest number of buyers don't hot-rod their cars. So the old Civic's double-wishbone suspension that Honda bragged was straight from its F1 car is gone, replaced by MacPherson struts up front (``The same as the Neon,'' whimpered one Honda guy) and a multilink rear. The hot hatchback all the kids loved is history, too. No one was buying it.
Instead, Honda engineers focused on the consumer aspects of the car. Research showed Honda would get more sales if it offered more room. To get it without increasing the overall exterior size, Honda scrunched up the engine compartment, shortening the distance from the nose to the A-pillar, a move that required those MacPherson struts.
But the changes also looked like they'd sacrifice some of that handling prowess we loved from previous Civics. Sure enough, through our 490-foot slalom, the new Civic turned in a speed of 42.8 mph. The previous Civic, with double wishbones, went through at 43.62.
For straight-line performance, Honda bumped displacement up from 1.6 liters to 1.7 in the Civic's sohc four-cylinder engine. Zero to 60 comes up in 8.19 seconds. That's faster than the 9.14-second Focus we tested recently but slower than almost everything else in the class, including the Neon, Eclipse GT, Celica GTS, GTI and Jetta. The engine in our test car was the top-of-the-line 127-hp version, too, mated to the five-speed manual transmission.
Braking also lagged behind the competition. All Civics have disc brakes in front and drums in the rear, with ABS available only on the EX model. Despite our EX tester's ABS, our 60-to-0 distance was 134 feet, a figure surpassed only by Honda's previous-model Civic Si. Everything else we tested in the class stopped shorter except the Daewoo Nubira.
Honda is capable of making some great, fun cars, but it also has to make money. To make money you have to sell lots and lots of cars. The new Civic is designed to do just that, and we understand. Nonetheless, we're waiting in hopeful anticipation for an Si version.
Views and Reviews:
OUR FIRST HONDA SEEMS TO BE A delight, with excellent build quality and performance. I replaced the Firestone tires immediately along with rims, which really improved steering feel and cornering capability. I have put 1300 miles on it without a hitch, but now I'm trying to find the 5/20 oil specified, which Honda doesn't have in quart size.
TOM MARSH, Lafayette, La.
ASIDE FROM DUMB THINGS LIKE JUST ONE coat hook, absence of a tape deck and fake alloys, I love the car. The engine revs wildly, but it cruises at 2500 rpm with almost no buzz. Gas mileage is great, and I'm happy it is an ultra-low-emission engine.
ROBERT G. LURIE, Carlsbad, Calif.
THIS IS MY FOURTH HONDA AND BY FAR the most fun. It has more legroom, openness than any of my three previous Accord coupes. I've been asked several times what it was. One person thought it was a new Audi or a VW Jetta. I love the styling. It has more European flavor than the past Hondas.
PETER TICKLE, Swansboro, N.C.
THIS IS THE FIRST HONDA I'VE OWNED that I'm not completely enamored with. Dynamically it's the most un-Honda-like Honda I've owned. I knew the suspension changes would diminish the handling, but the character of the car has changed.
I've had more complaints about this car than all my other Hondas combined. The front end makes loud grunching sounds, the heater puts out no heat or airflow from the footwell and there is an annoying hesitation on acceleration. This happens during all climatic conditions, whether the car has just been started or it has been operating for a long period.
DOUGLAS H. LLOYD, Woodbury, N.J.
AS CAN BE EXPECTED FROM A NEW CIVIC, the structure is stiffer in both torsion and bending, and a lot of attention was paid to silencing and smoothing the car's road-going dynamics, as well as to improving crash resistance. The use of high-strength steel in parts of the body, along with some clever techniques for transferring impact forces into the floor, have resulted in expectations for excellent crash ratings, including a four-star SINCAP rating (for side impacts), a five-star NCAP rating (for frontal impacts) and a ``good'' Insurance Institute for Highway Safety rating (for offset frontal collisions).
A BIT LARGER AND MORE LUXURIOUS than before, Honda has retained all the qualities that made it a class leader for decades and has improved upon them. For now, the hatchback version is absent from the lineup in the United States, leaving only a coupe and sedan. Overall length is a bit shorter, but the vehicle's interior space is increased. By switching to a more conventional front suspension but with an entirely new type of steering gear, Honda is able to reduce the size of the engine compartment to create more room for people.
Consumer's Digest
Road Test Data:
STANDING-START ACCELERATION:
0-30 mph:2.72 sec
0-100 km/h (62.1 mph):8.77 sec
0-80 mph:14.62 sec
0-quarter-mile:84.9 mph, 16.35 sec
ROLLING ACCELERATION:
20-40 mph (second gear):3.7 sec
40-60 mph (third gear):5.9 sec
BRAKING:
80 mph-0:235 ft
30 mph-0:34 ft
FUEL MILEAGE:
EPA combined:34.25 mpg
AW overall:32.67 mpg
490-foot slalom:42.8 mph
Lateral acceleration (200-foot skidpad):0.80 g
INTERIOR NOISE (dBA):
Idle: 40
Full throttle:80
Steady 60 mph:67
More From Honda
The Best Cars of Tokyo Auto Salon 2022
The Handling Is the Star of the 2022 Honda Civic
2022 Honda Civic Si Remains a Driver's Car
Check Out 20 Crossovers under $40,000
Honda's AWV Is Vehicular Autonomy in Action
16th Japanese Classic Car Show Basks in Rising Sun
The 2022 Honda Civic Si Keeps the Manual Alive
Honda Will Launch New EV Sub-Brand, but Not Here
Acura Legend Coupe Tarnishes European Reputations
Meet the Honda Helicopter!
A Part of Hearst Digital Media Autoweek participates in various affiliate marketing programs, which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites.


These are some of the "home-made" forms that I use in my classroom. Check back here often, I'm always making new forms to fit the needs of the students. If you can use any of them, feel free.
There will be more forms added to this page, it is a work in progress. Let me know it I can make a form for you.
The author of this site may be contacted here. This site was last updated March 11, 2007.


text:
How California grapes and the U.S.-China trade war are giving Chile a headache
California is the main source of grapes in the United States. Above, grapes picked in Madera, Calif.
(Gary Coronado / Los Angeles Times)
President Trump's trade war with China and a late-blooming bumper crop in the United States are combining to curb the amount of fresh table grapes imported from Chile when the weather turns cold.
That's forcing the South American country to look to Asia to sell off its fruit. It's the latest example of an unexpected market getting caught up in the U.S.-China spat.
California grapes generally get harvested into the fall. In December — as those supplies dissipate — the United States turns to Chile for fresh fruit.
This year, though, with plenty of leftover domestic inventory, there are signs that American demand for imports is set to decline. The result: Chile, the world's biggest exporter of table grapes, fresh blueberries, plums and cherries, has to seek out alternative destinations. The United States is usually its biggest buyer.
"We're dealing with the situation by looking for new markets, specifically Southeast Asia," Ronald Bown, chairman of the Chile Fruit Exporters Assn., said in an interview in Santiago.
In California, the main source of grapes in the United States, there's also a late harvest that has begun to compete with Southern Hemisphere farms.
As that fruit continues to make its way to grocery stores, and with the domestic glut off the back of the trade war, it "makes sense" that rival suppliers abroad are seeking other markets, Kathleen Nave, president of the California Table Grape Commission, said in an email.
Further complicating the trade picture: Many California fruit companies have operations in Chile. They include Watsonville-based Driscoll's, the world's largest grower of berries; Naturipe, based in Salinas; and King Fresh, based in Dinuba.
Meanwhile, Chile is also dealing with headaches in the nut trade.
India raised tariffs on walnut purchases to 100% from 30%, a response to Trump's decision to target global shipments of steel and aluminum. India applied the retaliatory levy across the board, not just on U.S. walnuts. Chile is one of the world's top three exporters.
Containers of Chilean walnuts sailing for India were rerouted in May as clients sought to circumvent the tariffs by shipping to other countries, said Nicolas Di Cosmo, president of industry association Chilenut.
"Crises normally create opportunities," Di Cosmo said. "But the trade war is affecting the healthy flow of goods to such an extent that it's nullifying any type of opportunity there could be."
Times staff writer Geoffrey Mohan contributed to this report.
Your guide to our new economic reality.
Get our free business newsletter for insights and tips for getting by.
Bloomberg delivers business and financial information, news and insight around the world.
Instacart to cut 1,900 jobs, including its only unionized workers
Instacart Inc. is cutting about 1,900 jobs, including 10 workers who recently formed a union, as it seeks to boost its ranks of contract workers.
Lilly Singh takes a loss on Hollywood home
In Hollywood, late-night talk show host Lilly Singh just sold her three-story home for $1.475 million, slightly less than what she paid in 2015.


text:
\section*{Introduction}
\newpage

The objective of baryogenesis is to explain the small but non-zero baryon asymmetry of the universe, which according to the 2015 Planck
analysis \cite{Ade:2015xua} stands at
$\eta_{B}=n_B/s \simeq~8.5 \times 10^{-11}$,
where $n_B$ and $s$ are respectively the baryon number and entropy densities of the universe.
The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics is unable to explain this value, due to the $\mathcal{CP}$ violation present within the SM being too small,\footnote{%
$\mathcal{CP}$ asymmetry in the SM is suppressed by the Jarlskog factor coming from the mass differences of quarks, $\prod_{i < j}(m_{u_i}^2-m_{u_j}^2)(m_{d_i}^2-m_{d_j}^2)/(100~\mbox{GeV})^{12} \approx 10^{-13}$, where $(i, j)$ stand for the generation indices.}
and thus some new source of $\mathcal{CP}$ violation is required \cite{Cohen:1993nk}.
It is usually assumed that the baryon asymmetry at the end of the inflationary epoch was negligibly small or zero,
due to the rapid dilution of any initial baryon number density that may have existed.
Due to this, most mechanisms of baryogenesis are assumed to occur after inflation; during the reheating or subsequent epochs prior to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN).

In this letter, we propose a baryogenesis-during-reheating  model which takes its inspiration from
the ``ratchet'' models of molecular motors in biological systems \cite{Reimann:1996,Takeuchi:2010tm},
e.g. the motion of myosin molecules along actin filaments.
The question in biological motor theory is how the motors achieve directed motion,
e.g. the myosin molecule ``walks'' from one end of the actin filament to the other, instead of random walking back and forth.
This type of directed motion can be modeled by assuming that
the molecular motor, the position of which we denote by $\theta$, moves within a periodic potential $V(\theta)$
which is asymmetric under the reflection $\theta \to -\theta$, \textit{i.e.} a ``ratchet'' potential.
The force which drives the molecular motor is supplied quasi-periodically by chemical reactions such as ATP $\to$ ADP.
Alternatively, one could also model directed motion with a reflection-symmetric potential, but assuming that the interaction with the driving force
breaks the symmetry, a type of ``temporal ratchet.''
The baryogenesis model we propose here utilizes the latter type of ratchet mechanism,
in which the driving force is supplied by the oscillation of the inflaton,
the position of the motor is embodied in the phase $\theta$ of a complex scalar field that carries baryon number,
and the required breaking of the reflection symmetry (which corresponds to $\mathcal{CP}$ violation) is realized via the coupling of the
inflaton to the scalar baryon.

Thus, our model
is a coupled system of the inflaton field and a complex scalar field
in an expanding universe with scale factor $a(t)$.

Models of interest to our work have been proposed in the past. The model considered by Dimopoulos and Susskind in Ref. \cite{Dimopoulos:1978kv} could be seen as a prototype of the ratchet baryogenesis model, given that they utilised a complex scalar field carrying a baryon number.  The model, however, gives a non-zero baryon number ($\dot{\theta}\ne 0$) only when the scalar potential is non-renormalizable, that is, in case of $V(\phi)=\lambda (\phi^{*}\phi)^n(\phi+\phi^{*})(\alpha \phi^3+\alpha^*\phi^{*3})$ with $n > 1/4$.  An advantage of our mechanism is that we consider a renormalizable one~\cite{Takeuchi:2010tm}.

One of the most popular models within this framework is that of Affleck and Dine~\cite{Affleck:1984fy} in which the baryon number is effectively produced in Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories (SUSY GUTs).  SUSY is assumed to be unbroken in the early universe, and the associated scalars $\phi$ (squarks and sleptons) can take large real or imaginary values due to the existence of a number of flat directions in the scalar potential.  After SUSY is broken at a lower energy, the scalars have mass $m$, and the fields start to roll down their potentials $V(\phi)=\frac{1}{2}m^2 \phi^2$.  If the real part $\Re(\phi)$ and the imaginary part $\Im(\phi)$ evolve differently, then a net baryon number is produced.  Affleck-Dine baryogensis is similar to the case we consider here, since both scenarios use the temporal development of scalar fields that carry baryon number and/or lepton number, but there are some differences.  First, our scenario does not depend on SUSY GUTs, and so is applicable to various models.  Secondly, in our scenario the external motive force is supplied by the rolling down and the oscillation by the inflaton field.  This role is carried by a specific component of the scalar fields in~\cite{Affleck:1984fy}.  Thirdly, in our model, since the external motive force (the pushing force of the pendulum from outside) is separated from the scalar baryon, we can find the ``phase locked state'', a known phenomena in the forced pendulum or Josephson current, which is a new ingredient of baryogenesis proposed here, and the mechanism for $\dot{\theta} \ne 0$ is also clarified.

Dolgov and Freese~\cite{Dolgov:1994zq} also introduced a complex scalar field with a baryon number, and studied the temporal development of its phase $\theta$ which was identified as a Nambu-Goldstone mode.  So, the mechanism is similar to ours, and the scalar field they consider is analogous to our scalar baryon field $\phi(t)$. In their case the dynamics do not, however, go beyond the linear approximation of the damped harmonic oscillator, although the mass and the damping factor are, respectively, modified by and given by the back reaction of fermions. In our model the external pushing force is separately introduced, and hence the ``phase locked state'' is found to play an important role in the baryogenesis.

Now, we will come back to our model in which the inflaton is denoted by a real scalar field $\Phi(t)$ with a potential $U(\Phi)$,
while the scalar baryon is denoted by $\phi(t)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \phi_r e^{i \theta(t)}$ with a potential $V(\phi)=\lambda\phi^*\phi(\phi-\phi^*)(\phi^*-\phi)=\lambda\phi^4_r\sin^2\theta(t)$, where $\phi_r$ is assumed to be constant.
If the charge of the complex field is identified as baryon number,
then the baryon number symmetry $\mathcal{B}$ becomes the rotational symmetry in the angle $\theta$,
$\mathcal{B}: \theta(t) \to \theta(t) + \mathrm{const}$, and it is violated by this potential.
The corresponding baryon number current is
$j_{B}^{\mu}=i( \phi \partial^{\mu}\phi^{*} -\phi^{*}\partial^{\mu}\phi)=\phi_{r}^2 \partial^{\mu} \theta$, and the baryon number density is $n_B=\phi_{r}^2 \dot{\theta}$.
The charge conjugation symmetry $\mathcal{C}$ is given by $\mathcal{C}: \phi \to \phi^*$, or $\theta \to -\theta$, so $\mathcal{C}$ is conserved in this potential.
This point differs from the usual ratchet models that have reflection-asymmetric potentials.

Here, the spatial dependence of the scalar fields is ignored, since we consider a uniform and isotropic universe.
This means that the parity symmetry $\mathcal{P}$ is always conserved.
So the potential $V(\phi)$ violates $\mathcal{B}$, but preserves $\mathcal{C}$ and $\mathcal{CP}$.
The following coupling between the inflaton and the scalar baryon is introduced: $\mathcal{L}_{int}=-\frac{1}{\Lambda} j_B^{\mu} \partial_{\mu} \Phi=-\frac{\phi_r^2}{\Lambda} \partial^{\mu} \theta \partial_{\mu} \Phi$, which is a natural way to introduce interactions when current conservation is broken.  This type of interaction appears in the coupling of nucleons to pions when chiral symmetry is broken,
and has also been used by Cohen and Kaplan in their model for baryogenesis~\cite{Cohen:1987vi}.
This interaction has dimension five, so the mass scale $\Lambda$ must be introduced, and it violates $\mathcal{C}$ and $\mathcal{CP}$.

Now, the action of our model reads
\begin{eqnarray}
S = \int dt \, a(t)^3\,
\biggl[\,
\frac{\phi_r^2}{2}\, \dot{\theta}^2
\,-\,\lambda\phi_r^4\sin^2\theta
+\, \frac{1}{2}\,\dot{\Phi}^2
\,-\,U(\Phi) \,-\,
\frac{\phi_r^2}{\Lambda}\,\dot{\theta} \dot{\Phi}
\,\biggr]
\;.
\label{eq:action2}
\end{eqnarray}
There are a number of possibilities in the choice of the inflaton potential $U(\Phi)$.
We choose the Starobinsky potential~\cite{Starobinsky:1980te} due to its consistency with the observations of Planck \cite{Ade:2015xua}:
\begin{equation}
U(\Phi)
\;=\; \frac{3\mu^2\overline{m}_\mathrm{P}^2}{4}\left(1-e^{-\sqrt{2/3}\,\Phi/\overline{m}_\mathrm{P}}\right)^2
\;=\; \frac{1}{2}\mu^2\Phi^2 + \cdots
\;,
\label{eq:inf_potential}
\end{equation}
where $\overline{m}_\mathrm{P}=1/\sqrt{8\pi G_N}=2.4 \times 10^{18}$~GeV is the reduced Planck mass, and $\mu = (1.3 \times 10^{-5})\,\overline{m}_\mathrm{P}=3 \times 10^{13}$~GeV.

The Sakharov conditions must be satisfied for a successful baryogenesis mechanism. These criteria are the violation of $\mathcal{B}$, $\mathcal{C}$, and $\mathcal{CP}$, as well as a push-out from thermal equilibrium~\cite{Sakharov:1967dj}.  The model action we consider violates $\mathcal{B}$, $\mathcal{C}$, and $\mathcal{CP}$, so we now need to introduce into our model a push-out from thermal equilibrium.
We will realize this during the reheating epoch after inflation, during which the inflaton oscillates in its potential.
During this epoch the inflaton loses energy through Hubble damping and the decay into particles (this effect is embodied in the $\Gamma$ term below).
The inflaton's energy is deposited into producing entropy (particles),
and once this decay rate becomes faster than the Hubble expansion, the reheating epoch ends and the radiation dominated era begins.
To account for this effect, we introduce a friction term to
the equations of motion derived from our action Eq.~(\ref{eq:action2}):
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq:diff_eq}
\ddot{\Phi} + \left(3H + \Gamma\,\right) \dot{\Phi}
+ \frac{dU(\Phi)}{d\Phi}
- \frac{\phi_r^2}{\Lambda}\bigl(\,\ddot\theta + 3H\dot\theta \,\bigr)
& = & 0\;, \vphantom{\bigg|}
\cr
\ddot\theta + 3H\dot\theta + \lambda\phi^2_r\sin(2\theta)
-\frac{1}{\Lambda}\bigl(\,\ddot\Phi + 3H\dot\Phi \,\bigr)
& = & 0\;. \vphantom{\bigg|}
\end{eqnarray}
The friction term $\Gamma\,\dot{\Phi}$ ensures that the necessary entropy is produced and the reheating epoch will come to an end,
but is assumed to not dominate the dynamics.
The Hubble parameter $H = \dot{a}/a$ above takes on the time-dependence $\frac{2}{3t}$, the same as in the matter-dominated era.

We assume that $\phi_r^2/\Lambda \ll \langle \Phi \rangle$ holds. It follows that the inflaton motion is not affected by the scalar baryon,
and its motion can be solved independently.
That is, though the motion of the scalar baryon is driven by the ``external force" supplied by the inflaton, the recoil of the inflaton is
negligible small.
During the reheating epoch, the oscillation of the massive inflaton gives rise to a Hubble parameter which evolves as in the matter dominant era, and the inflaton undergoes damped oscillation in the approximately quadratic term $\frac{1}{2}\mu^2 \Phi^2$ in the Starobinsky potential, that is,
\begin{eqnarray}
\ddot{\Phi} + \left(\frac{2}{t} + \Gamma \right) \dot{\Phi}+ \mu^2 \Phi=0,
\end{eqnarray}
which gives an analytic solution for $\Gamma \ll \mu$:
\begin{equation}
\Phi(t)
\;=\; \Phi_i \left(\frac{t_i}{t}\right)e^{-\Gamma(t-t_i)/2}\cos\left[\mu(t-t_i)\right]\;,
\label{PhiSolutionT}
\end{equation}
where $t_i$ is the beginning time of the reheating epoch, defined by the initial Hubble rate when the slow roll parameters are violated.

As for the motion of $\theta$, it can be described by
\begin{eqnarray}
\ddot{\theta}+f(t)\dot{\theta}
+ p(t) \sin(2\theta)
= - q(t)\cos\bigl[\mu(t-t_i)\bigr],
\label{thetaeom}
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{equation}
p(t) \;=\; \lambda\phi_r^2\;,~~f(t)=\frac{2}{t}, ~~
q(t) \;=\; \frac{\mu^2\Phi_i}{\Lambda}
\left(\frac{t_i}{t}\right)e^{-\Gamma(t-t_i)/2}\;.
\end{equation}
We now observe that the motion of $\theta$ is identical to that of a ``forced pendulum.''
The term proportional to $\sin(2\theta)$ can be viewed as the gravitational force on the pendulum, or swing,
when it is at an angle $2\theta$ from the vertical.
There is an added complexity, in that the strength of the external (pushing) force $q(t)$ and the friction $f(t)$ on the pendulum depend on $t$.

Baryogenesis is realized in this scenario when the solution of the equations of motion is found to give $\dot{\theta}(t_f) \ne 0$, at the end of reheating $t_f$.
To obtain such a solution we consider the analogy to the forced pendulum, which tells us that we must adjust the timing and intensity of the external pushing to match the motion of the pendulum.
In our scenario this corresponds to $p(t_f)\approx q(t_f)$, which imposes a condition on the input parameters to obtain driven motion at the end of reheating. We call this the ``sweet spot condition.''
If the adjustment succeeds, the rotational motion of the pendulum around the fixed point arises with an almost constant angular velocity $\dot{\theta}$.  This is a solution which gives a non-zero baryon number in the universe, in which the inflaton plays a role of the pusher (or the parent), and the phase of the scalar baryon plays the role of the angle of the pendulum or the swing (on which the child is sitting).
Therefore, this is a baryogenesis scenario based on an analogy to the forced pendulum.

Numerically, we have various such solutions.  Typical examples are depicted in Fig.~\ref{fig:potential_large} - Fig.~\ref{fig:monotonous}.

\begin{figure}[ht]
\center
 \includegraphics[width=.495\textwidth,clip]{theta_l-10to8_L-Mpl_30}
 \includegraphics[width=.495\textwidth,clip]{thetadot_l-10to8_L-Mpl_30}
 \caption{The phase of the scalar baryon (left) and
the phase velocity of the scalar baryon (right) with $(\lambda, 1/\Lambda) = (10^{8}, 1/\overline{m}_\mathrm{P})$, are depicted.
$\dot{\theta}$ and $t$ are measured by using units of $T_\mathrm{reh}$ and $1/T_\mathrm{reh}$ respectively.}
\label{fig:potential_large}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht]
\center
 \includegraphics[width=.495\textwidth,clip]{inflaton_desktop_wp100_30}\\
 \includegraphics[width=.495\textwidth,clip]{phase_desktop_wp100_30}
 \includegraphics[width=.495\textwidth,clip]{phase_magnify_desktop_wp100_30}
 \caption{The time evolution of the inflaton (top), phase of the scalar baryon (bottom left)
 and phase of the scalar baryon at the end of the reheating (bottom right)
with $(\lambda, 1/\Lambda) = (10^{11}, 10/T_\mathrm{reh})$ are plotted.
$\Phi$ and $t$ are measured by using the units $T_\mathrm{reh}$ and $1/T_\mathrm{reh}$ respectively.}
\label{fig:result}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht]
\center
 \includegraphics[width=.495\textwidth,clip]{theta_l-10to9_L-T_30}
 \includegraphics[width=.495\textwidth,clip]{theta_l-10to9_L-T_magnify_30}
 \caption{The phase of the scalar baryon throughout reheating (left) and at the end of the reheating (right)
 with $(\lambda, 1/\Lambda) = (10^9, 1/T_\mathrm{reh})$ are illustrated.
 $t$ is measured by using in units of $1/T_\mathrm{reh}$.}
\label{fig:monotonous}
\end{figure}

In Fig.~\ref{fig:potential_large}, no monotonously increasing (directional) motion of $\theta$ appears.  The parameters chosen are $(\lambda, 1/\Lambda)=(10^8, 1/\overline{m}_\mathrm{P}=3 \times 10^{18} \mbox{GeV})$.
On the other hand, monotonously increasing motion appears in Fig.~\ref{fig:result} and Fig.~\ref{fig:monotonous}.
The parameters in Fig.~\ref{fig:result} are $(\lambda, 1/\Lambda)=(10^{11}, 10/T_\mathrm{reh})$, while in Fig.~\ref{fig:monotonous} we have chosen $(\lambda, 1/\Lambda)=(10^{9}, 1/T_\mathrm{reh})$.
The sweet spot parameters in Fig.~\ref{fig:result} and Fig.~\ref{fig:monotonous}, giving baryogenesis, shows $\lambda \approx 10^{9\sim 10} \frac{T_\mathrm{reh}}{\Lambda}$ satisfies the adjustment condition between the external pushing/driving force and the gravitational force.

The other parameters necessary to carry out the simulation are as follows:
we choose the reheating temperature as $T_\mathrm{reh}=10^{14}$ GeV,
the Hubble parameters at the initial and the final stage of the reheating are derived to be $H_i=6.2 \times 10^{12}$ GeV and $H_f=1.4 \times 10^{10}$ GeV respectively, $\phi_r=10^9$ GeV and $\Gamma=1.8 \times 10^{10}$ GeV.
We can then define $t_i=2/(3H_i) $ and $ t_f=2/(3H_f)$ because during reheating the oscillation of the massive inflaton gives rise to an approximately matter dominated epoch.
We see that $t_f - t_i \sim 1/\Gamma$~(a lifetime of the inflaton) holds.
In the simulation, $\theta=\dot{\theta}=0$ is chosen at the beginning of inflation where $\Phi=0.62\, \overline{m}_\mathrm{P}$ and $\dot{\Phi}=0$.

We take time and spaces which are compatible with the end of reheating epoch
$\tilde{t}=(cT_{\mathrm{reh}}) t, (\tilde{x},\tilde{y},\tilde{z})=cT_{\mathrm{reh}}(x,y,z)$,
where $c $ is some numerical constant.
This means that the time in our problem should be measured in the unit of $1/T_{\mathrm{reh}}$, see Fig.~\ref{fig:result} and Fig.~\ref{fig:monotonous}.

In terms of this time $\tilde{t}$, the action Eq. (1) is written as follows:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq:rescale}
S=\frac{\phi_r^2}{(c T_{\mathrm{reh}})^2}\int d^4\tilde{x} ~a(\tilde{t})^3
\times \left[ \frac{1}{2}\theta^{'2}-\left(\frac{\lambda \phi_r^2}{(c T_{\mathrm{reh}})^2}\right) \sin^2\theta+ \frac{1}{2}\tilde{\Phi}^{'2}-\frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{\mu}{c T_{\mathrm{reh}}}\right)^2 \tilde{\Phi}^{2}- \frac{1}{\tilde{\Lambda}}\theta' \tilde{\Phi}' \right],
\end{eqnarray}
where time derivative is written by the prime.
We understand that a parameter
\begin{eqnarray}
\tilde{\lambda} = \frac{\lambda \phi_r^2}{(cT_{\mathrm{reh}})^2}
\end{eqnarray}
naturally arises in the above Eq.~\eqref{eq:rescale}, and

\begin{eqnarray}
\omega=\frac{\mu}{c T_{\mathrm{reh}}}, ~\tilde{\Phi}=\frac{\Phi}{\phi_r}, ~\mathrm{and}~ \frac{1}{\tilde{\Lambda}}=\frac{\phi_r}{\Lambda}.
\end{eqnarray}

For our choice of parameters in our numerical calculations, $c=1$, $\tilde{\lambda}=(0.01-10)$ (potential of the rotator), $\omega=0.3$ (Inflaton's push), and $\frac{1}{\tilde{\Lambda}}=10^{-10}-10^{-4}$ (CP violation).
It is difficult to determine $c$, but if we can take $c=10$, $\tilde{\lambda}=(0.0001-0.1)$.

In the following when we rewrite the model in terms of the forced pendulum.
A concern is that the scalar potential takes a sinusoidal form, having maxima as well as minima.  At the maxima the fluctuations of the $\phi$ field behaves like a tachyon.  This is an important issue to clarify in our solution from the point of view of  tachyonic reheating~\cite{Greene:1997ge} and reheating by parametric resonance~\cite{Kofman:1997yn}, which will be discussed below.

Such a monotonously increasing (directional) solution is known as a ``phase locked state" in the forced pendulum scenario.
Pedersen {\it et al.} clarify such solutions in the study of the chaotic behavior of the electric current passing through Josephson junctions~\cite{Pedersen:1980}.  Since the notation adopted by D'Humieres {\it et al.} in Ref.~\cite{D'Humieres:1982} is convenient, we change the variables and parameters accordingly.\footnote{$\Theta=2\theta, \tau =\sqrt{2p}\left[(t-t_i)-\frac{\pi}{\mu}\right],~\omega=\frac{\mu}{\sqrt{2p}}\,,~ Q =\sqrt{2p}\frac{1}{f}=\sqrt{\frac{p}{2}}\,t_f\,,~\mbox{and} ~\gamma =\frac{q(t_f)}{p}\,$.}  Then, the equation of motion for $\theta$ becomes
\begin{equation}
\ddot{\Theta} +  \frac{1}{Q}\dot{\Theta} + \sin\Theta \;=\; \gamma\cos(\omega \tau)\;,
\label{EOM}
\end{equation}
where the derivative with respect to $\tau$ is still expressed by a dot.
The phase locked state is a solution of the form
\begin{eqnarray}
\Theta(\tau) \;=\; \Theta_n + n (\omega \tau-\phi_0) - \alpha \sin (\omega \tau -\phi_0)\;.
\label{eq:phase_locked_state}
\end{eqnarray}
The condition for this ansatz to fulfil the equation of motion as well as the stability condition against external perturbations are known~\cite{Pedersen:1980, D'Humieres:1982}.
For example $\alpha$ is the zero point of the $n$-th Bessel function.  However, $n$ is not necessary to be an integer.
This is a solution in which the frequency in the driving force $\omega$ coincides with the frequency of modulation in $\alpha \sin (\omega \tau -\phi_0)$ for the directed motion of $\Theta$, but more general solutions can be obtained.

The numerical solution follows this phase locked state with the modulation frequency equal to the frequency of the inflaton the period of which is $2\pi/\mu \sim 20$ in our units.
From Fig.~\ref{fig:result} and Fig.~\ref{fig:monotonous}, we can read off $n=110$ and $-4.2$, respectively.

The amplitude of the phase locked state increases linearly in time, while the amplitude driven by the parametric resonance increases exponentially in time.  The difference comes from the fact that in the former case, the external force is modulated in time from outside, while in the latter case the frequency of the oscillator is modulated.  The latter case of the parametric resonance is used to realize the explosively rapid preheating by Kofman, Linde and Starobinsky~\cite{Kofman:1997yn}.  In our case of the Cohen-Kaplan type interaction the phase locked state appears.

Here we will comment on the tachyonic reheating in addition to the parametric resonance.  Both reheating mechanisms can be understood through the instability of the classical solution of scalars using the Mathieu differential equation \cite{Greene:1997ge}.  As was stated above the instability of our phase locked state is also examined using the Mathieu equation.

We introduce the fluctuation of $\Theta$ by  $\Theta_*+\delta\Theta$, where $\Theta(t)_*$ is the solution of the phase locked state given in Eq.~(\ref{eq:phase_locked_state}).  Then, the fluctuation satisfies the Mathieu differential equation
\begin{eqnarray}
\ddot{\delta \Theta} + \cos(\Theta(t)_*) \delta{\Theta}=0,
\end{eqnarray}
in the linear approximation.  The $\cos(\Theta_*)$ term in the above is a remnant of the sinusoidal potential. The tachyonic problem (the fluctuation $\delta \Theta$ behaves tachyonic during some period) is taken into account as the instability of the solution, that is, the exponential increase of the fluctuation $\delta \Theta$.  Reheating achieved by parametric resonance and that by production of tachyons use the parameter regions in which the ``instability'' of the Mathieu differential equation takes place.  The instability gives the exponential growth of the field.  On the other hand, in our phase locked state, the field increases linearly in time and the Mathieu differential equation appearing not in the equation of motion itself, but in the equation determining the instability.  We, of course, choose the stability regions of the Mathieu differential equation.  Therefore, our solution stands at the fringe of chaotic motion.  However, the solution relevant to baryogenesis is that (the phase locked state) increasing linearly in time.

As for the estimation of $\eta_B$, if the entropy produced during the reheating is $s_\mathrm{reh}=(2\pi^2/45) g^* T^3_\mathrm{reh}$ with the SM value of $g^*=106.5$, we have $\eta_B^\mathrm{reh} \approx 0.01n \times \left(\mu \phi_r^2/T^3_\mathrm{reh}\right)$.  After the reheating ends, EW baryogenesis may dilute the value to $\eta_B=\frac{28}{79} \eta_B^\mathrm{reh}$, and hence,
in order to reproduce the observed value of $\eta_B$, $n \sim 770$ with $\phi_r=10^9$ GeV and $T_\mathrm{reh}=10^{14}$ GeV.

This ratchet baryogenesis is analogous to the forced pendulum.  It is well known that the behavior of the latter is sometimes chaotic.  So, the sweet spot solution of the phase locked state which can give the baryogenesis may be on the fringe of chaos.  If we remember, however, that the mechanism is also analogous to the ratchet model of molecular motors, there may exist stable regions of the parameter space,
since we can expect living organisms to have evolved to possess stable mechanisms for directional motion.
Unfortunately, if there is not a large parameter region to produce the stable phase locked states, we have to average statistically over the various solutions with different initial conditions.  A way of doing this averaging over the solutions is to use a Poincar\'{e} map.  A Poincar\'{e} map is the the discretized collection of orbit points $(x(\tau), y(\tau))$ at $\tau=\frac{2\pi}{\omega}\times (\mbox{integers})$, where various initial conditions for $x=\theta$, and $y=\dot{\theta}$ are taken.  So, the distribution of the points on the map can be understood as a ``coarse grained distribution function" $f_{dis}(x, y)$ of the dynamical system in the phase space $(x, y)$.

Now the averaged baryon number reads
\begin{equation}
\langle n_B \rangle = \phi_r^2 \langle y \rangle \;=\; \phi_r^2\;\frac{\displaystyle \sum_{j~(\mathrm{initial~conditions})} \int dx_j\,dy_j\,y_j f_{\mathrm{dis}}(x_j, y_j) }{\displaystyle \sum_{j~(\mathrm{initial~conditions})} \int dx_j\,dy_j\,f_{\mathrm{dis}}(x_j, y_j) }
\end{equation}
It is interesting to compare the following two Poincar\'{e} maps:
Fig.~\ref{fig:poincare_wo_fric} depicts evolution without the friction $f_\mathrm{fric}=1/Q=0$, while
Fig.~\ref{fig:poincare_w_fric} depicts evolution with the friction term of $f_\mathrm{fric}=1/Q=0.005$.
Here we take the parameters as $\gamma=2$, $\omega=1$ in Eq.~\eqref{EOM} as a demonstration.
20 initial values $(x_j(0), y_j(0))$ $(j=0,1,\cdots 19)$ are taken to be $(-\pi/2 + j\pi/20, 0)=$
$(-\pi/2, 0)$, $(-\pi/2 + \pi/20, 0)$, $\cdots$, $(-\pi/2 + 19\pi/20, 0)$.

\begin{figure}[ht]
\center
\includegraphics[width=.495\textwidth,clip]{Poincare_wo_friction}
 \caption{A Poincar\'{e} map is depicted without friction with $(\gamma, \omega) = (2, 1)$.
 20 initial values $(x_j(0), y_j(0))$ $(j=0,1,\cdots 19)$ are taken to be $(-\pi/2 + j\pi/20, 0)$.}
\label{fig:poincare_wo_fric}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht]
\center
\includegraphics[width=.495\textwidth,clip]{Poincare_w_friction}
 \caption{A Poincar\'{e} map is depicted with friction of $f_\mathrm{fric}=1/Q=0.005$ with $(\gamma, \omega) = (2, 1)$.
  20 initial values $(x_j(0), y_j(0))$ $(j=0,1,\cdots 19)$ are taken to be $(-\pi/2 + j\pi/20, 0)$.}
\label{fig:poincare_w_fric}
\end{figure}

The averaged $\langle n_B \rangle$ over the initial conditions is $-0.095$ $\approx 0$ for Fig.~\ref{fig:poincare_wo_fric}, but is $0.31$ for Fig.~\ref{fig:poincare_w_fric}.
From this, we will learn that the friction term $f_\mathrm{fric}$ introduced for producing a non-thermal-equilibrium state may be essential
for baryogenesis to survive after averaging over the various initial conditions, when considering the generation of baryon number near the end of reheating.
Possibly, the averaged value $\langle n_B \rangle$ may peak strongly at a certain choice of parameters, since we expect biological motors to rotate like a classical motor with little statistical fluctuations.

So far we have identified the baryon number density $n_B$ to that of the scalar baryon $n_{B}(\mathrm{scalar})=\phi_r^2 \dot{\theta}$.
However, the actual baryon number density in our universe is that of the fermionic matter made up of $u$ and $d$ quarks.
Therefore, the baryon number density of the scalar baryon must be converted to that of fermionic baryons.

There are multiple ways to accomplish this conversion such as introducing the Yukawa interaction
\begin{equation}
\Delta\mathcal{L}_{\mathrm{int}}
\;=\; \phi\,\overline{Q}L + \mathrm{h.c.}
\end{equation}
where $Q$ and $L$ are fermions with baryon number 1 and 0, respectively.
When the scalar baryons decay into $Q\overline{L}$ pairs, the baryon number in the scalars will be
efficiently converted into that in fermions.
Note that this interaction, used by Dolgov and Freese in Ref.~\cite{Dolgov:1994zq},
is only a toy example since the $Q$ field in this expression cannot carry $SU(3)$ color,
but is sufficient for illustrative purposes.

If we insist on using SM fields directly for the scalar-fermion conversion,
possible $SU(3)_C\times SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y\times B$ invariant
interactions would be the dimension 7 operators that can be written schematically as
\begin{eqnarray}
\Delta\mathcal{L}_{\mathrm{int}}
& = & \dfrac{1}{\Lambda^3}\,\phi^* \Bigl[ (u_L d_L d_L) \nu_L - (u_L u_L d_L) e_L \Bigr] + \mathrm{h.c.}
\cr
& & \mbox{or}\quad
\dfrac{1}{\Lambda^3}\,\phi^* (u_R d_R d_R \nu_R) + \mathrm{h.c.}
\cr
& & \mbox{or}\quad
\dfrac{1}{\Lambda^3}\,\phi^* (u_R u_R d_R e_R) + \mathrm{h.c.}
\end{eqnarray}
where color and spinor indices have been suppressed.
If squarks are present in the theory, we could also write dimension 5 interactions of the form
\begin{equation}
\Delta\mathcal{L}_{\mathrm{int}}
\;=\;
\dfrac{1}{\Lambda}\,\phi^* (\tilde{u}_R d_R d_R) + \mathrm{h.c.}
\qquad\mbox{or}\qquad
\dfrac{1}{\Lambda}\,\phi^* (u_R d_R \tilde{d}_R) + \mathrm{h.c.}
\end{equation}
The simplest and most realistic model, however, may be to reinterpret our baryon number as lepton number,
and introduce the lepton-number preserving dimension 4 interaction
\begin{equation}
\Delta\mathcal{L}_{\mathrm{int}}
\;=\;
\phi^* \overline{\nu_R^c}\nu_R^{\phantom{c}} + y H^* \bar{\nu}_R \nu_L+ \mathrm{h.c.}\;,
\end{equation}
where $H$ is the standard model Higgs, and $y$ is a Yukawa coupling, that is, the decay of the scalar baryon/lepton would produce a $\nu_R\nu_R$ pair, and $\nu_R$ decays into $\nu_L+ H^*$.
This same interaction can be used to generate a large Majorana mass for $\nu_R$ when $\phi$ obtains the VEV
$\langle\phi\rangle = \phi_r/\sqrt{2}$, from which we can obtain small Majorana masses for
the (mostly) left-handed active neutrinos via the seesaw mechanism \cite{Yanagida:1979as,Yanagida:1980xy,Ramond:1979py}.
The lepton number generated in this way can then be converted to baryon number later via the $B-L$ conserving sphaleron process \cite{Kuzmin:1985mm,Trodden:1998ym}
as in leptogenesis scenarios \cite{Fukugita:1986hr}.
See also Ref.~\cite{Sugamoto:1982cn}.
More explicitly, the following conversion occurs, $\nu_R \to \nu_L + H^*,  \nu_L \to \overline{(u_Lu_Ld_L)}$, for example.

Alternatively, one could introduce the following dimension 6 interaction between the scalar and fermionic baryon number currents:
\begin{equation}
\Delta\mathcal{L}_{\mathrm{int}} \;=\;
\dfrac{i}{\Lambda^2}\bigl(\phi^* \!\stackrel{\leftrightarrow}{\partial}_\mu\!\phi\bigr)~\frac{1}{3}\bigl(\bar{u}\gamma^\mu u +\bar{d}\gamma^\mu d\bigr) \;,
\label{interacton of scalar baryon and matter}
\end{equation}
where $u$ and $d$ are four component Dirac fields.
Identifying the charges carried by the scalar and fermionic currents requires the existence of a term in the interaction Lagrangian
which would require both $\phi$ and the quark fields to be transformed at the same time, which we will not show explicitly.
Rewriting $\phi = \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\phi_r e^{i\theta}$
and ignoring the spatial dependence of $\theta$ we obtain
\begin{equation}
\Delta\mathcal{L}_{\mathrm{int}} \;=\;
-\dfrac{\phi_r^2}{\Lambda^2}\dot{\theta}~\frac{1}{3}\bigl(u^{\dagger}u + d^{\dagger} d\bigr)\;.
\end{equation}
This is also the interaction term used in the baryogenesis model of Cohen and Kaplan \cite{Cohen:1987vi}.
Since the baryon number density of the ordinary matter is $n_B(\mathrm{matter})=\frac{1}{3} \left(u^{\dagger}u+d^{\dagger}d \right)$, its coefficient  can be considered to be the chemical potential $\mu_B$ for ordinary baryon number, {\it i.e.} $\mu_B=-\dfrac{\phi_r^2}{\Lambda^2}\dot{\theta}$.
This chemical potential gives opposite ``energy" to the matter and antimatter.  Therefore, in the equilibrium state
at temperature $T_{\mathrm{reh}}$, the baryon number density of ordinary matter is given by
\begin{equation}
\langle n_B \rangle_{\mathrm{matter}}
\;=\; -\frac{2}{9}~ \phi_r^2 \dot{\theta} \left(\frac{T_{\mathrm{reh}}}{\Lambda}\right)^2
\;=\; -\frac{2}{9} n_B(\mathrm{scalar}) \left(\frac{T_{\mathrm{reh}}}{\Lambda}\right)^2.
\end{equation}
In our parameter choice $\Lambda=(0.1\sim 1) T_{\mathrm{reh}}$, and hence the produced baryon number of ordinary matter is about the same as that of the scalar baryon.

In this paper, we have made the simplifying assumption of a uniform isotropic universe and have ignored the spatial dependence of the scalar fields $\Phi$ and $\phi$, and consequently that of $\theta$, in our analysis.
In reality, as the universe expands, different parts of the universe will lose causal contact with each other, and naturally lead to the evolutions of $\Phi$ and $\theta$ picking up
spatial dependences.
In particular, if $\theta$ settles into different vacua with different winding numbers in different domains, domain walls will form at the boundaries creating bubbles of different vacua.
Such domain walls should not be stable since that would contradict observation \cite{Cohen:1997ac} so the bubbles must annihilate themselves sufficiently quickly.
However, when the domain walls move, $\theta$ will necessarily `unwind' and lead to
non-zero $\dot{\theta}$, generating either baryon or anti-baryon number.
This, and other effects, will be included in a more detailed and complete analysis of our model
to be presented in a forthcoming paper.

\vspace{0.5cm}
A preliminary stage of this work was presented at the SUSY 2015 conference held in August 2015 \cite{Yamashita:2015}.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
K. Y. acknowledges support for a long-term stay in Virginia
from the Program for Leading Graduate Schools of Ochanomizu University;
she thanks Theoretical Particle Physics \& String Theory group at Virginia Tech
for the warm hospitality while this work was conducted.

\bibliographystyle{ptephy}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
У списках перелічені основні мости у Великому Лондоні. Більшість лондонських мостів з'єднують береги водотоків, найвідомішими є мости через Темзу. Інші мости — це автомобільні та залізничні шляхопроводи.

Мости через річки

Мости через Темзу

Мости через канал Гранд-Юніон

Примітки

Посилання
 The Bridges of London
 Bridges in London
 12 Of The Most Beautiful Bridges in London

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Swordigo is a mobile adventure game and a 3D platformer, which is now available for Android phones and tablets. In this game, you've to run, jump and slash your way through a vast world of platforming challenges and embark on an epic adventure! There's never a dull movement as you hop between platforms and slash your sword against a plethora of enemies. This game is a love letter to the platforming and adventure games of the past.
Swordigo tends to deal with players controlling the sword holder in the game and go about kill enemies that blocks their way. The game has got an exciting and addictive gameplay experience which should keep people on it. It comes with an high 3D Graphics that makes the game look mouthwatering to play. Honestly, if you want to play any interesting adventure game, you should choose Swordigo. Now let's hop into the amazing features that's packed in this awesome game.
A GREAT ADVENTURE – Explore a magical realm of dungeons, towns, treasures and devious monsters. Gain experience and level up your character.
MAGIC AND SWORDS – Find powerful weapons, items and spells to defeat your enemies. Venture into gloomy caves and dungeons to discover powerful hidden swords.
SIDE-SCROLLER PLATFORMER GAME – Fluid and challenging platforming gameplay designed specifically for mobile devices. Precise touch controls optimized for smartphones and tablets. Customize the controls to your preference.
Run, jump and slash through an epic adventure platformer game. Download Swordigo now and feel an adventure fun. Do not hesitate to kill enemies or you'll be killed.


Capri Standard Helm chair. White. Ideal for 25'-50' Boats. Flexible, ergonomic design. Meets ABYC H-31 impact test. Articulating armrests with tight assembly prevents chance movement. Compatible with universal mounting options for slide and spider type mounts. Made in USA.


Mount Washington Valley's Newest Food Service Equipment Outlet. Now You Have a Choice!
Our Mission is to establish and maintain friendly, positive, mutually beneficial relationships with our customers, vendors and employees as well as the community at large. Optimum Food Service Equipment is an independent food service equipment dealer located in the beautiful Mt. Washington Valley of New Hampshire. We strive to do what is right for our customers, not just make the sale. Come visit our spacious show room and warehouse. Climate controlled for your comfort even during New England winters. Stop in and see us for all of your commercial appliance and smallwares needs. We also have access to a full line of O.E.M and aftermarket parts and accessories.


Immigrants who want to become US citizens face barriers from the high cost of the naturalization application, according to a new Stanford study. The work suggests that lowering the federal application fees or creating local programs to provide financial assistance to cover them, could help more people gain the benefits of citizenship, including the right to vote and participate in democracy.
The findings came from studying low-income immigrants in New York who registered for a lottery to receive vouchers that cover the fee to apply for US citizenship, which is now $725.
The research team, led by Stanford's Immigration Policy Lab (IPL), partnered with the New York State Office for New Americans and two foundations, Robin Hood and the New York Community Trust, to develop a first-of-its-kind public-private naturalization program calledNaturalizeNY. The program was launched in 2016 by New York Governor Andrew Cuomo. Editor's Note: Last iteration of NaturalizeNY program news: "Naturalize New York is now closed."
The researchers showed that naturalization application rates jumped by 41 percent among the immigrants who got the vouchers compared to those who did not.
"This study provides critical evidence that high fees are an important barrier to citizenship for low-income immigrants," said Jens Hainmueller, a professor of political science at Stanford and a lead author on the research paper, published Jan. 15 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. "More importantly, IPL has co-developed a program model to address this barrier, a solution that can be rolled out in communities across the country."
Based on their findings, the researchers suggest increasing naturalization by introducing a multi-tiered fee structure in which wealthier applicants pay higher fees. They also encourage local communities to establish public-private funding to support low-income immigrants in paying for naturalization fees.
Naturalization provides immigrants with virtually the same rights and benefits as native-born citizens, including the right to vote, access to federal jobs and protection from deportation. A recent report from the National Academy of Sciences found that having more naturalized immigrants is good for the national income and increases political participation and integration of those immigrants within American society.
Surveys show that most US immigrants want to become citizens. But compared to other similar countries, like the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia, the United States has a lower naturalization rate, which has been decreasing over recent decades. In 1970, 64 percent of legal foreign-born residents had become citizens, and that proportion dropped to 56 percent in 2011. At the same time, the naturalization application fee has increased from $35 (or $80.25 in 2017 dollars) in 1985 to $725 in 2017.
Previous research on barriers to naturalization relied on data from censuses and surveys and focused on individual characteristics of the immigrants, such as language skills, resources and country of origin. This new study provides the first causal data to reveal the magnitude of the financial barrier immigrants face, while also providing a model approach for communities to help low-income immigrants naturalize. The Immigration Policy Lab conducts workshops with government agencies and immigration service providers to create a research agenda that spurs policy innovation.
"The initial idea of providing financial assistance for application fees to low-income immigrants struck us as an exciting opportunity, and through a collaborative effort, we were able to create an innovative statewide program coupled with rigorous evaluation," said Duncan Lawrence, executive director of the Immigration Policy Lab and a co-author of the study.
As a result of the program's lottery, 336 immigrants received fee vouchers while 527 did not. The vouchers roughly doubled the naturalization application rate, from 37 percent among those without a voucher to 78 percent among recipients.
Of people who applied for the lottery, 1,760 immigrants were identified as likely to be eligible for a federal fee waiver and were notified of the federal program. The researchers then randomly encouraged groups of registrants to apply for the waiver — with emails, phone calls, letters and even a $10 metro card to cover transportation costs. But none of that additional encouragement increased application rates.
"It's clear that we have more to learn about what sorts of cost-effective nudges may or may not work," Lawrence said. "Raising awareness of the fee waiver itself may be an important piece of the puzzle." The group hopes to continue studying the barriers low-income immigrants face in applying for citizenship. They will also track the lives of the immigrants who naturalized as a result of the program and those who did not.
"Ultimately we want to look at how naturalization affects the lives of immigrants and communities," said Michael Hotard, a study co-author and IPL program manager who coordinates the multi-year study.


You are at:Home»Posts Tagged "Sur La Table"
The Cookware Company's GreenPan brand is bringing its new 12-inch Craft skillet to the market, which is debuting exclusively at Sur La Table.
Coravin is now shipping its Bluetooth-enabled Model Eleven wine preservation system. The new system is integrated with Coravin Moments, the company's app.
GreenPan, a division of The Cookware Company, is rolling out its new SimmerLite cookware assortment at Sur La Table.
Jacob Maurer, formerly the svp/merchandising and gmm at Sur La Table, has been named president of The Cookware Company Americas.
Zwilling J.A. Henckels has introduced a three-piece knife set with Christopher Kimball, founder of Milk Street Kitchen.
Sur La Table has appointed Billy May as chief executive officer.
Sur La Table has formed a partnership with on-demand grocery delivery service Instacart to offer same-day delivery from over 80 Sur La Table locations.
Sur La Table in June will begin carrying a full line of kitchen gadgets from Urban Trend in select U.S. stores, the housewares supplier said.
Instacart, a retail delivery service, has partnered with Sur La Table to allow customers to shop for housewares from their phones or laptops and have their orders delivered to their door, often in as little as an hour, according to the company.
Tovolo will introduce several new kitchen gadgets during the upcoming winter market season.
Coravin has launched the Model One Wine System, which the company said is designed for new and experienced wine lovers, including Millennial consumers.


text:
Q: Use R to perform function on subsets of data AND full data I am looking for a simple way to perform a function on a subset of the data as well as on the data as a whole. As of now, the code is set up to run the function for only subsets of the data (subsetting is done by unit, e.g. US Dollars, Euros, etc.). The goal is to run the function over the data subsetted by unit, but also run the function over the entire data. An example of a function I am trying to modify is:
Country_freq_unit<-function(ind_unit){
  rm(H1,H2,H3,H4)

  H1<-data1 %>%
    filter(unit==ind_unit)   %>%
    drop_na(data) %>%
    group_by(country_name, time_date) %>%
    tally()

  H2<-data1 %>%
    select(country_name, time_date) %>%
    group_by(country_name, time_date) %>%
    tally() %>%
    select(country_name, time_date)

  H3<-full_join(H2, H1) %>%
    replace_na(list(n = 0))

  H4<-H3 %>%
    spread(key='time_date', value='n')

  return(H4)

}

I then execute the function in a loop that goes through all of the units that are available in my data.
unitlist<-unique(data$unit)
> unitlist
[1] "USD"  "OZT"  "XDR"  "RATE" "WK"

for (s in unitlist) {
  J1 = Country_freq_unit(s)
}

This part all works well, my question is just if there is an easy way to add an option to my loop to also execute the function over the entire dataframe, instead of subsets of the dataframe. I am wondering if there is something like all_of() or everything() for this context.
Please note that I did not actually write the code within the function (I have just been helping to add functions and loops to existing code).
Thank you for the help!

A: Here's one way:
Country_freq_unit <- function(ind_unit = NULL){
  # you don't need the rm statement, and it's dangerous, so I've
  # deleted it.

  H1 <- data1
  if (! is.null(ind_unit)) {
    H1 <- H1 %>% filter(unit==ind_unit)
  }

  H1 <- H1 %>%
    drop_na(data) %>%
    group_by(country_name, time_date) %>%
    tally()

  H2 <- data1 %>%
          select(country_name, time_date) %>%
          group_by(country_name, time_date) %>%
          tally() %>%
          select(country_name, time_date)

  H3 <- full_join(H2, H1) %>%
          replace_na(list(n = 0))

  H4 <- H3 %>%
    spread(key = 'time_date', value = 'n')

  return(H4)
}

Now to run the function for all your data, just call it without an ind_unit argument. There are some other weird things in your function, but I guess that's an issue for whoever wrote it....


text:
Home Local News City Talks To Area Residents About Tubman Homes Demolition
City Talks To Area Residents About Tubman Homes Demolition
MorrisAdmin
Residents around the Harriet Tubman homes site want jobs to be the top priority, as the city unveiled its demolition plan for the property.
"The people in this community economically and income wise are at the bottom of the totem pole," said Bushtown resident Mary Morris.
"That's a great thing for the people here. There's a lot of high unemployment rates in this neighborhood," said City Councilman Moses Freeman.
As the homes prepare to come down over the coming months, the city wants to do a little more than hand the job to the lowest bidder.
"It is citizen based. I think that's an important thing that I think one thing government should do is keep citizens focused and in their mind," said Freeman.
The city begins taking bids July 1st. The company must hire 80% of their local workforce from the neighborhood. They must also have a workable plan for recruiting and training hires, and must prove they've met the 80% goal regularly.
"We've worked to ensure that there is local source hiring happening. We looked at some community benefit agreements from around the country, and a lot of them work to make sure the community get opportunities to work," said James McKissick, Director of the Office of Multicultural Affairs.
The city will also monitor the enforcement of the program.
"The city has an Office of Management that will oversee the development of the project and monitor the contract on a day by day basis or a week by week basis.There are reports that will be required of the contractor as the process is developing," said Freeman.
Residents say it's a good first step.
"It is also good to know that there is a process that they can go about in getting jobs, skill training, help with their resume. It's an opportunity for economic stability."
The process from awarding a bid, to starting work on the site is expected to take a little more than 90 days. Construction began today on a six foot fence surrounding the property to discourage squatter and vandals.
For more information on local employment resources, contact one or all of these organizations:
Career Development Center: Angela Daniels (423) 643-6804
Ex-Offender Workforce Development: (423) 698-3178
Urban League Workforce Development: (423) 756-1762
Work Smart (First Things First): (423) 267-5383
Harriet Tubman Homes
Neighborhood Development
River City Company Responds to Lawsuit Seeking to Halt the Business Improvement District
City to renovate duplexes in Avondale using Affordable Housing Fund