text:
#ifndef __OS_H__
#define __OS_H__

#include "os/os_types.h"
#include "panic_api.h" /* To be provided by the platform */
#include "interrupt.h"

/**
 * @defgroup os OS Abstraction Layer
 * Definition of the OS Abstraction Layer API.
 * @{
 */

/**********************************************************
 ************** GENERIC SERVICES***************************
 **********************************************************/
extern void panic (OS_ERR_TYPE err);

/**********************************************************
 ************** OS ABSTRACTION ****************************
 **********************************************************/

/**
 * Delete a queue.
 *
 * Free a whole queue.
 * \param queue - The queue to free.
 */
void queue_delete(T_QUEUE queue, OS_ERR_TYPE* err);

/**
 * \brief Create a message queue.
 *
 *     Create a message queue.
 *     This service may panic if err parameter is NULL and:
 *     -# no queue is available, or
 *     -# when called from an ISR.
 *
 *     Authorized execution levels:  task, fiber.
 *
 *     As for semaphores and mutexes, queues are picked from a pool of
 *     statically-allocated objects.
 *
 * \param maxSize: maximum number of  messages in the queue.
 *     (Rationale: queues only contain pointer to messages)
 *
 * \param err (out): execution status:
 *          -# E_OS_OK : queue was created
 *          -# E_OS_ERR: all queues from the pool are already being used
 *          -# E_OS_ERR_NOT_ALLOWED: service cannot be executed from ISR context.
 *
 * \return Handler on the created queue.
 *     NULL if all allocated queues are already being used.
 */
extern T_QUEUE queue_create(uint32_t maxSize, OS_ERR_TYPE* err);

/**
 * \brief Read a message from a queue
 *
 *     Read and dequeue a message.
 *     This service may panic if err parameter is NULL and:
 *      -# queue parameter is invalid, or
 *      -# message parameter is NULL, or
 *      -# when called from an ISR.
 *
 *     Authorized execution levels:  task, fiber.
 *
 * \param queue : handler on the queue (value returned by queue_create).
 *
 * \param message (out): pointer to read message.
 *
 * \param timeout: maximum number of milliseconds to wait for the message. Special
 *                values OS_NO_WAIT and OS_WAIT_FOREVER may be used.
 *
 * \param err (out): execution status:
 *          -# E_OS_OK : a message was read
 *          -# E_OS_ERR_TIMEOUT: no message was received
 *          -# E_OS_ERR_EMPTY: the queue is empty
 *          -# E_OS_ERR: invalid parameter
 *          -# E_OS_ERR_NOT_ALLOWED: service cannot be executed from ISR context.
 */
extern void queue_get_message (T_QUEUE queue, T_QUEUE_MESSAGE* message, int timeout, OS_ERR_TYPE* err);

/**
 * \brief Send a message on a queue
 *
 *     Send / queue a message.
 *     This service may panic if err parameter is NULL and:
 *      -# queue parameter is invalid, or
 *      -# the queue is already full, or
 *
 *     Authorized execution levels:  task, fiber, ISR.
 *
 * \param queue: handler on the queue (value returned by queue_create).
 *
 * \param message (in): pointer to the message to send.
 *
 * \param err (out): execution status:
 *          -# E_OS_OK : a message was read
 *          -# E_OS_ERR_OVERFLOW: the queue is full (message was not posted)
 *          -# E_OS_ERR: invalid parameter
 */
extern void queue_send_message(T_QUEUE queue, T_QUEUE_MESSAGE message, OS_ERR_TYPE* err );

/**
 * \brief Reserves a block of memory
 *
 * Authorized execution levels:  task, fiber, ISR
 *
 * This function returns a pointer on the start of
 * a reserved memory block whose size is equal or
 * larger than the requested size.
 *
 * If there is not enough available memory, this
 * function returns a null pointer and sets
 * "err" parameter to E_OS_ERR_NO_MEMORY, or panic
 * if "err" pointer is null.
 *
 * This function may panic if err is null and
 *  - size is null, or
 *  - there is not enough available memory
 *
 * \param size number of bytes to reserve
 *
 *
 * \param err execution status:
 *    E_OS_OK : block was successfully reserved
 *    E_OS_ERR : size is null
 *    E_OS_ERR_NO_MEMORY: there is not enough available
 *              memory
 *
 * \return pointer to the reserved memory block
 *    or null if no block is available
 */
extern void* balloc (uint32_t size, OS_ERR_TYPE* err);

/**
 * \brief Frees a block of memory
 *
 * Authorized execution levels:  task, fiber, ISR
 *
 * This function frees a memory block that was
 * reserved by malloc.
 *
 * The "buffer" parameter must point to the
 * start of the reserved block (i.e. it shall
 * be a pointer returned by malloc).
 *
 * \param buffer pointer returned by malloc
 *
 * \return execution status:
 *    E_OS_OK : block was successfully freed
 *    E_OS_ERR : "buffer" param did not match
 *        any reserved block
 */
extern OS_ERR_TYPE bfree(void* buffer);

/* MUTEX STUB FUNCTIONS */
extern T_MUTEX mutex_create(OS_ERR_TYPE* err);
extern void mutex_delete(T_MUTEX mutex, OS_ERR_TYPE* err );
extern void mutex_unlock (T_MUTEX mutex, OS_ERR_TYPE* err);
extern OS_ERR_TYPE mutex_lock (T_MUTEX mutex, int timeout);

/** @} */

#endif


We ship live plants using UPS ground service. We only ship on Mondays and Tuesdays, with the exception holidays that fall on shipping days. Cutoff time is 2:00 pm EST on Tuesday. Any orders placed after this cutoff will be shipped the following Monday. The shipping costs will be displayed in your cart for your review before you complete your order.
Local Pick up is available! — Haywood, Jackson, Buncombe Counties If you live in Haywood, Jackson or Buncombe Counties you can place your orders online and schedule a pickup for Wednesdays between 5:30-6:30pm or Saturdays 9:00am to noon.
Shipping live plant material takes teamwork. Our goal is always to satisfy you, our customer. "Teamwork makes the DreamWork" is our motto!
Our Part in this Teamwork: We take pride in shipping only high quality seedlings. Some stress can occur during shipping which is normal. It's important to place your seedlings in your Tower Garden® ASAP. There they will have the opportunity to improve quickly.
Your Responsibility: Please open the box immediately after delivery and follow the enclosed care instructions. If seedlings do not arrive in a healthy condition, please notify us via email, with photos, within 4 calendar days of delivery. We must be notified within the first 4 days to help you troubleshoot any issues or concerns. We cannot be held responsible for damaged plants that we are not notified about, but our goal is to always have happy customers growing incredible nutrient dense produce.
Replacement/Refund Policy: If you notify us within 4 calendar days of delivery, we will replace or refund unhealthy or damaged seedlings. For 5 or more seedlings, we will ship replacements at no charge to you, or issue a refund for the price of the seedlings. For 4 seedlings or less, we will issue a refund for price of the seedling or a credit on a future order of your choice.
Clicking the "Buy Seedlings" button signifies that you agree to the terms and conditions above.
Please Note: During high volume weeks we reserve the right to make seedling substitutions when necessary.


text:
Investor Relations Menu
Theravance Biopharma to Report Second Quarter 2019 Financial Results on July 31
DUBLIN, July 25, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- Theravance Biopharma, Inc. (NASDAQ: TBPH) ("Theravance Biopharma" or the "Company") today announced that it will release financial results for the period ended June 30, 2019 and provide a business update prior to market open on Wednesday, July 31, 2019.
An accompanying conference call will be held at 8:00 am ET on July 31, 2019. To participate in the live call by telephone, please dial (855) 296-9648 from the US, or (920) 663-6266 for international callers, using the confirmation code 2445969. Those interested in listening to the conference call live via the internet may do so by visiting Theravance Biopharma's website at www.theravance.com, under the Investor Relations section, Presentations and Events. Please go to the website 15 minutes prior to the start of the call to register, download, and install any necessary audio software.
A replay of the conference call will be available on Theravance Biopharma's website for 30 days through August 30, 2019. An audio replay will also be available through 11:00 am ET on August 7, 2019 by dialing (855) 859-2056 from the US, or (404) 537-3406 for international callers, and then entering confirmation code 2445969.
About Theravance Biopharma
Theravance Biopharma, Inc. ("Theravance Biopharma") is a diversified biopharmaceutical company with the core purpose of creating medicines that help improve the lives of patients suffering from serious illness.
In our relentless pursuit of this objective, we strive to apply insight and innovation at each stage of our business, including research, development and commercialization, and utilize both internal capabilities and those of partners around the world. Our research efforts are focused in the areas of inflammation and immunology. Our research goal is to design localized medicines that target diseased tissues, without systemic exposure, in order to maximize patient benefit and minimize risk. These efforts leverage years of experience in developing localized medicines for the lungs to treat respiratory disease. The first potential medicine to emerge from our research focus on immunology and localized treatments is an oral, gut-selective pan-Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, currently in development to treat a range of inflammatory intestinal diseases. Our pipeline of internally discovered product candidates will continue to evolve with the goal of creating transformational medicines to address the significant needs of patients.
In addition, we have an economic interest in future payments that may be made by Glaxo Group or one of its affiliates (GSK) pursuant to its agreements with Innoviva, Inc. relating to certain programs, including Trelegy Ellipta.
For more information, please visit www.theravance.com.
THERAVANCE® and the Cross/Star logo are registered trademarks of the Theravance Biopharma group of companies. Trademarks, trade names or service marks of other companies appearing on this press release are the property of their respective owners.
Jessica Stitt
investor.relations@theravance.com
View original content to download multimedia:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/theravance-biopharma-to-report-second-quarter-2019-financial-results-on-july-31-300890831.html
SOURCE Theravance Biopharma, Inc.
© Theravance Biopharma. All rights reserved. Terms of Use. Privacy Policy.
THERAVANCE®, MEDICINES THAT MAKE A DIFFERENCE® and the Cross/Star logo are registered trademarks, and TARGETING WHAT MATTERS MOST™ is a trademark, of the Theravance Biopharma group of companies. YUPELRI® is a United States registered trademark of Mylan Specialty L.P. Trademarks, trade names or service marks of other companies appearing on this website are the property of their respective owners.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
©2019 by Beatriz Monteavaro. Proudly created with Wix.com
Beatriz Monteavaro is an artist and musician whose work is influenced by monster movies, science fiction, Disneyworld (especially it's themed area Adventureland, a midcentury representation of Africa, Asia, Polynesia, and The Caribbean), and underground music scenes including the 1970's English punk scene and the Miami underground scene surrounding Churchill's Pub, which she has been a part of since 1991.
Beatriz Monteavaro was born in Cuba, and received a BFA from Tyler School of Art of Temple University. Her work has been exhibited in venues such as Annina Nosei Gallery, New York; Miami Art Museum, Miami; Museum of Contemporary Art, North Miami; NFA Space, Chicago; The National Museum of Women in the Arts, Washington D.C; Tent, Rotterdam; Galerie Edward Mitterrand, Geneva; Galerie Emmanuel Perrotin, Paris; The Patricia and Phillip Frost Museum at FIU, Miami, among others. She has had solo exhibitions at Las Cienegas Projects, Los Angeles; Derek Eller Gallery, NYC; Galerie Sultana, Paris; Locust Projects, Miami; Fredric Snitzer Gallery, Miami; Emerson Dorsch Gallery, Miami; The University Galleries at Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, The Gulf Coast Museum of Art in Largo, FL; and CUNSTHAUS, Tampa, FL. Her work has been reviewed and featured in Flash Art, ArtUS, ArtNews and Art Papers.
Monteavaro plays drums and is one half of the band Holly Hunt. She has a solo sound project called Ellen Ripley. Monteavaro works at a record store, which she considers part of her practice.
Monteavaro lives and works in Miami.
beatrizmonteavaro@gmail.com
BEATRIZ MONTEAVARO


Come visit our 14,000 Sq. Ft. Showroom full of beautiful classic & antique American automobiles, collectible memorabilia from posters to pedal cars, and so much more!
Visit our online dealer showroom of quality used cars and trucks. Our dealership is located in Eaton CO and our online showroom is always open.
Copyright © 2019, Classical Gas, All Rights Reserved.


Writer and mountaineer Jon Krakauer said "The thing that is most beautiful about Antarctica for me is the light. It's like no other light on Earth, because the air is so free of impurities. You get drugged by it, like when you listen to one of your favorite songs. The light there is a mood-enhancing substance." It is also said that anyone who is able to describe what it's like to be in Antarctica hasn't been there. That may be true for words but certainly not for pictures. Vince Filteau and Efraim Perl will share their Antarctica adventure and attempt to defy that statement. Please join them for what is promised to be an evening to remember.


Dentist Greensboro, NC - Steven S. Gold, D.D.S.
We are so glad that you have chosen to find out more about our practice. We provide diagnosis and treatments for "TMJ" and dental conditions in the Triad and surrounding areas. Many dental practices state that they treat "TMJ" but in reality have little knowledge or experience in the diagnosis and treatment of the many conditions that comprise the generic diagnosis of "TMJ". Our doctor is a Fellow of the American Academy Of Craniofacial Pain and therefore has advanced training in the diagnosis and treatment of "TMJ" disorders. Whether you are seeking "TMJ" treatment or dental treatment our approach to your care is the same.
We firmly believe that successfully helping our patients achieve their treatment goals is first and foremost dependent upon creating the proper environment. We strive to provide each and every one of our patients with the individual attention that we feel people deserve and desire. We schedule enough time to listen, thoroughly examine, educate, and assist with treatment decisions prior to commencing treatment. You're appointment time is exclusively yours and you will have the doctor's undivided attention. We feel that thoroughness in communication is just as vital as thorough examination and treatment and results in improved patient satisfaction. Education related to treatment options is a top priority in our practice because we believe it allows you to choose the treatment that best suits your needs. The treatments recommended are based solely on diagnosis and patient desires and not on what insurance companies will or will not contribute towards. By doing this we ensure that we are looking out for your interests and are not influenced by insurance company policies which are designed to have their financial interest at heart.
Our philosophy – Our approach to patient care is something that has disappeared with the current medical model.
Experience – over 20 years of experience.
"I was very concerned about the future of my teeth, since I had been grinding for years. I had tried a standard, dentist-fitted night guard, only to find it lost in the covers (and not protecting my teeth) when I got up in the morning. One dentist even told me not to waste my money on a night guard because they don't work! Meanwhile, my teeth were wearing away. One molar cracked. I was looking on the internet for information about the facial pain and headaches I was experiencing, and found Dr. Gold. He made me an NTI-custom fit for my mouth. It is completely different from a standard night guard. It is very comfortable, stays in place, stops my teeth from grinding, and I no longer wake up with headaches that even hurt my eyeballs! I am very pleased with the expertise, compassion and excellent results I received from Dr. Gold and his staff."-Marilyn S.
"As Dr. Gold handed me my TMJ appliance after the six month check I said, finally after all these years of pain and struggle with TMJ something that works. I feel better! Thank you Dr. Gold." -Dorothy F.
"I developed a fear of the dentist as an adult. It was not until I HAD to see a dentist that I got a friend's recommendation to see Dr. Gold. There was a lot of work that had to be done over several months. i was able to get it done only because of the patience of the staff (literally holding my hand!) and the expertise of Dr. Gold. I have yet to miss an appointment in years (since 2006)! " - Sally H.
"I have been a patient of Dr. Gold's for over 10 years. He has always given me the best dental care available. He is dedicated, honest, and shows he is a man of integrity. I highly recommend him to anyone seeking professional dental care." -Dawn B.
"I've been to several specialists and nobody has spent that much time discussing my condition with me. It's no wonder Dr. Gold was able to help me."—Wendy P.


text:
//
// Copyright 2006 The Android Open Source Project
//
// Package assets into Zip files.
//
#include "Main.h"
#include "AaptAssets.h"
#include "OutputSet.h"
#include "ResourceTable.h"
#include "ResourceFilter.h"

#include <androidfw/misc.h>

#include <utils/Log.h>
#include <utils/threads.h>
#include <utils/List.h>
#include <utils/Errors.h>
#include <utils/misc.h>

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>

using namespace android;

static const char* kExcludeExtension = ".EXCLUDE";

/* these formats are already compressed, or don't compress well */
static const char* kNoCompressExt[] = {
    ".jpg", ".jpeg", ".png", ".gif",
    ".wav", ".mp2", ".mp3", ".ogg", ".aac",
    ".mpg", ".mpeg", ".mid", ".midi", ".smf", ".jet",
    ".rtttl", ".imy", ".xmf", ".mp4", ".m4a",
    ".m4v", ".3gp", ".3gpp", ".3g2", ".3gpp2",
    ".amr", ".awb", ".wma", ".wmv", ".webm", ".mkv"
};

/* fwd decls, so I can write this downward */
ssize_t processAssets(Bundle* bundle, ZipFile* zip, const sp<const OutputSet>& outputSet);
bool processFile(Bundle* bundle, ZipFile* zip, String8 storageName, const sp<const AaptFile>& file);
bool okayToCompress(Bundle* bundle, const String8& pathName);
ssize_t processJarFiles(Bundle* bundle, ZipFile* zip);

/*
 * The directory hierarchy looks like this:
 * "outputDir" and "assetRoot" are existing directories.
 *
 * On success, "bundle->numPackages" will be the number of Zip packages
 * we created.
 */
status_t writeAPK(Bundle* bundle, const String8& outputFile, const sp<OutputSet>& outputSet)
{
    #if BENCHMARK
    fprintf(stdout, "BENCHMARK: Starting APK Bundling \n");
    long startAPKTime = clock();
    #endif /* BENCHMARK */

    status_t result = NO_ERROR;
    ZipFile* zip = NULL;
    int count;

    //bundle->setPackageCount(0);

    /*
     * Prep the Zip archive.
     *
     * If the file already exists, fail unless "update" or "force" is set.
     * If "update" is set, update the contents of the existing archive.
     * Else, if "force" is set, remove the existing archive.
     */
    FileType fileType = getFileType(outputFile.string());
    if (fileType == kFileTypeNonexistent) {
        // okay, create it below
    } else if (fileType == kFileTypeRegular) {
        if (bundle->getUpdate()) {
            // okay, open it below
        } else if (bundle->getForce()) {
            if (unlink(outputFile.string()) != 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: unable to remove '%s': %s\n", outputFile.string(),
                        strerror(errno));
                goto bail;
            }
        } else {
            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: '%s' exists (use '-f' to force overwrite)\n",
                    outputFile.string());
            goto bail;
        }
    } else {
        fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: '%s' exists and is not a regular file\n", outputFile.string());
        goto bail;
    }

    if (bundle->getVerbose()) {
        printf("%s '%s'\n", (fileType == kFileTypeNonexistent) ? "Creating" : "Opening",
                outputFile.string());
    }

    status_t status;
    zip = new ZipFile;
    status = zip->open(outputFile.string(), ZipFile::kOpenReadWrite | ZipFile::kOpenCreate);
    if (status != NO_ERROR) {
        fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: unable to open '%s' as Zip file for writing\n",
                outputFile.string());
        goto bail;
    }

    if (bundle->getVerbose()) {
        printf("Writing all files...\n");
    }

    count = processAssets(bundle, zip, outputSet);
    if (count < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: unable to process assets while packaging '%s'\n",
                outputFile.string());
        result = count;
        goto bail;
    }

    if (bundle->getVerbose()) {
        printf("Generated %d file%s\n", count, (count==1) ? "" : "s");
    }

    count = processJarFiles(bundle, zip);
    if (count < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: unable to process jar files while packaging '%s'\n",
                outputFile.string());
        result = count;
        goto bail;
    }

    if (bundle->getVerbose())
        printf("Included %d file%s from jar/zip files.\n", count, (count==1) ? "" : "s");

    result = NO_ERROR;

    /*
     * Check for cruft.  We set the "marked" flag on all entries we created
     * or decided not to update.  If the entry isn't already slated for
     * deletion, remove it now.
     */
    {
        if (bundle->getVerbose())
            printf("Checking for deleted files\n");
        int i, removed = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < zip->getNumEntries(); i++) {
            ZipEntry* entry = zip->getEntryByIndex(i);

            if (!entry->getMarked() && entry->getDeleted()) {
                if (bundle->getVerbose()) {
                    printf("      (removing crufty '%s')\n",
                        entry->getFileName());
                }
                zip->remove(entry);
                removed++;
            }
        }
        if (bundle->getVerbose() && removed > 0)
            printf("Removed %d file%s\n", removed, (removed==1) ? "" : "s");
    }

    /* tell Zip lib to process deletions and other pending changes */
    result = zip->flush();
    if (result != NO_ERROR) {
        fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Zip flush failed, archive may be hosed\n");
        goto bail;
    }

    /* anything here? */
    if (zip->getNumEntries() == 0) {
        if (bundle->getVerbose()) {
            printf("Archive is empty -- removing %s\n", outputFile.getPathLeaf().string());
        }
        delete zip;        // close the file so we can remove it in Win32
        zip = NULL;
        if (unlink(outputFile.string()) != 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "warning: could not unlink '%s'\n", outputFile.string());
        }
    }

    // If we've been asked to generate a dependency file for the .ap_ package,
    // do so here
    if (bundle->getGenDependencies()) {
        // The dependency file gets output to the same directory
        // as the specified output file with an additional .d extension.
        // e.g. bin/resources.ap_.d
        String8 dependencyFile = outputFile;
        dependencyFile.append(".d");

        FILE* fp = fopen(dependencyFile.string(), "a");
        // Add this file to the dependency file
        fprintf(fp, "%s \\\n", outputFile.string());
        fclose(fp);
    }

    assert(result == NO_ERROR);

bail:
    delete zip;        // must close before remove in Win32
    if (result != NO_ERROR) {
        if (bundle->getVerbose()) {
            printf("Removing %s due to earlier failures\n", outputFile.string());
        }
        if (unlink(outputFile.string()) != 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "warning: could not unlink '%s'\n", outputFile.string());
        }
    }

    if (result == NO_ERROR && bundle->getVerbose())
        printf("Done!\n");

    #if BENCHMARK
    fprintf(stdout, "BENCHMARK: End APK Bundling. Time Elapsed: %f ms \n",(clock() - startAPKTime)/1000.0);
    #endif /* BENCHMARK */
    return result;
}

ssize_t processAssets(Bundle* bundle, ZipFile* zip, const sp<const OutputSet>& outputSet)
{
    ssize_t count = 0;
    const std::set<OutputEntry>& entries = outputSet->getEntries();
    std::set<OutputEntry>::const_iterator iter = entries.begin();
    for (; iter != entries.end(); iter++) {
        const OutputEntry& entry = *iter;
        if (entry.getFile() == NULL) {
            fprintf(stderr, "warning: null file being processed.\n");
        } else {
            String8 storagePath(entry.getPath());
            storagePath.convertToResPath();
            if (!processFile(bundle, zip, storagePath, entry.getFile())) {
                return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
            }
            count++;
        }
    }
    return count;
}

/*
 * Process a regular file, adding it to the archive if appropriate.
 *
 * If we're in "update" mode, and the file already exists in the archive,
 * delete the existing entry before adding the new one.
 */
bool processFile(Bundle* bundle, ZipFile* zip,
                 String8 storageName, const sp<const AaptFile>& file)
{
    const bool hasData = file->hasData();

    ZipEntry* entry;
    bool fromGzip = false;
    status_t result;

    /*
     * See if the filename ends in ".EXCLUDE".  We can't use
     * String8::getPathExtension() because the length of what it considers
     * to be an extension is capped.
     *
     * The Asset Manager doesn't check for ".EXCLUDE" in Zip archives,
     * so there's no value in adding them (and it makes life easier on
     * the AssetManager lib if we don't).
     *
     * NOTE: this restriction has been removed.  If you're in this code, you
     * should clean this up, but I'm in here getting rid of Path Name, and I
     * don't want to make other potentially breaking changes --joeo
     */
    int fileNameLen = storageName.length();
    int excludeExtensionLen = strlen(kExcludeExtension);
    if (fileNameLen > excludeExtensionLen
            && (0 == strcmp(storageName.string() + (fileNameLen - excludeExtensionLen),
                            kExcludeExtension))) {
        fprintf(stderr, "warning: '%s' not added to Zip\n", storageName.string());
        return true;
    }

    if (strcasecmp(storageName.getPathExtension().string(), ".gz") == 0) {
        fromGzip = true;
        storageName = storageName.getBasePath();
    }

    if (bundle->getUpdate()) {
        entry = zip->getEntryByName(storageName.string());
        if (entry != NULL) {
            /* file already exists in archive; there can be only one */
            if (entry->getMarked()) {
                fprintf(stderr,
                        "ERROR: '%s' exists twice (check for with & w/o '.gz'?)\n",
                        file->getPrintableSource().string());
                return false;
            }
            if (!hasData) {
                const String8& srcName = file->getSourceFile();
                time_t fileModWhen;
                fileModWhen = getFileModDate(srcName.string());
                if (fileModWhen == (time_t) -1) { // file existence tested earlier,
                    return false;                 //  not expecting an error here
                }

                if (fileModWhen > entry->getModWhen()) {
                    // mark as deleted so add() will succeed
                    if (bundle->getVerbose()) {
                        printf("      (removing old '%s')\n", storageName.string());
                    }

                    zip->remove(entry);
                } else {
                    // version in archive is newer
                    if (bundle->getVerbose()) {
                        printf("      (not updating '%s')\n", storageName.string());
                    }
                    entry->setMarked(true);
                    return true;
                }
            } else {
                // Generated files are always replaced.
                zip->remove(entry);
            }
        }
    }

    //android_setMinPriority(NULL, ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE);

    if (fromGzip) {
        result = zip->addGzip(file->getSourceFile().string(), storageName.string(), &entry);
    } else if (!hasData) {
        /* don't compress certain files, e.g. PNGs */
        int compressionMethod = bundle->getCompressionMethod();
        if (!okayToCompress(bundle, storageName)) {
            compressionMethod = ZipEntry::kCompressStored;
        }
        result = zip->add(file->getSourceFile().string(), storageName.string(), compressionMethod,
                            &entry);
    } else {
        result = zip->add(file->getData(), file->getSize(), storageName.string(),
                           file->getCompressionMethod(), &entry);
    }
    if (result == NO_ERROR) {
        if (bundle->getVerbose()) {
            printf("      '%s'%s", storageName.string(), fromGzip ? " (from .gz)" : "");
            if (entry->getCompressionMethod() == ZipEntry::kCompressStored) {
                printf(" (not compressed)\n");
            } else {
                printf(" (compressed %d%%)\n", calcPercent(entry->getUncompressedLen(),
                            entry->getCompressedLen()));
            }
        }
        entry->setMarked(true);
    } else {
        if (result == ALREADY_EXISTS) {
            fprintf(stderr, "      Unable to add '%s': file already in archive (try '-u'?)\n",
                    file->getPrintableSource().string());
        } else {
            fprintf(stderr, "      Unable to add '%s': Zip add failed (%d)\n",
                    file->getPrintableSource().string(), result);
        }
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

/*
 * Determine whether or not we want to try to compress this file based
 * on the file extension.
 */
bool okayToCompress(Bundle* bundle, const String8& pathName)
{
    String8 ext = pathName.getPathExtension();
    int i;

    if (ext.length() == 0)
        return true;

    for (i = 0; i < NELEM(kNoCompressExt); i++) {
        if (strcasecmp(ext.string(), kNoCompressExt[i]) == 0)
            return false;
    }

    const android::Vector<const char*>& others(bundle->getNoCompressExtensions());
    for (i = 0; i < (int)others.size(); i++) {
        const char* str = others[i];
        int pos = pathName.length() - strlen(str);
        if (pos < 0) {
            continue;
        }
        const char* path = pathName.string();
        if (strcasecmp(path + pos, str) == 0) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    return true;
}

bool endsWith(const char* haystack, const char* needle)
{
    size_t a = strlen(haystack);
    size_t b = strlen(needle);
    if (a < b) return false;
    return strcasecmp(haystack+(a-b), needle) == 0;
}

ssize_t processJarFile(ZipFile* jar, ZipFile* out)
{
    size_t N = jar->getNumEntries();
    size_t count = 0;
    for (size_t i=0; i<N; i++) {
        ZipEntry* entry = jar->getEntryByIndex(i);
        const char* storageName = entry->getFileName();
        if (endsWith(storageName, ".class")) {
            int compressionMethod = entry->getCompressionMethod();
            size_t size = entry->getUncompressedLen();
            const void* data = jar->uncompress(entry);
            if (data == NULL) {
                fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: unable to uncompress entry '%s'\n",
                    storageName);
                return -1;
            }
            out->add(data, size, storageName, compressionMethod, NULL);
            free((void*)data);
        }
        count++;
    }
    return count;
}

ssize_t processJarFiles(Bundle* bundle, ZipFile* zip)
{
    status_t err;
    ssize_t count = 0;
    const android::Vector<const char*>& jars = bundle->getJarFiles();

    size_t N = jars.size();
    for (size_t i=0; i<N; i++) {
        ZipFile jar;
        err = jar.open(jars[i], ZipFile::kOpenReadOnly);
        if (err != 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: unable to open '%s' as a zip file: %d\n",
                jars[i], err);
            return err;
        }
        err += processJarFile(&jar, zip);
        if (err < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: unable to process '%s'\n", jars[i]);
            return err;
        }
        count += err;
    }

    return count;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Flirty V-neck soft cup demi bra style underwire bikini top in soft peach.
Supportive, soft underwire bust cups mirror the lingerie-as-outerwear trend while offering extra bust support.
Adjustable shoulder straps offer the perfect amount of lift and a customizable fit.
S-hook bra closure at back with three adjustable loops to keep you secure for worry-free swimming.
Pair with the L Space Pixie Hipster bikini bottom in tropical peach.


text:
The multi-sided Christian Halloween
Sky Barratt, Staff Writer|November 1, 2017
Seniors Ian Ko, Nolen Wright, and Abby Swafford show off their Halloween costumes
Most of the time, the thought of sending children out on their own to wander the streets at night in the cold comes off as ridiculous. Yet there's one night each year where this exact thing takes place. Kids of all ages dress up as Spiderman or a witch or some other character and go door to door trick-or-treating and eating candy until their stomachs hurt and their cheeks are bright red from the crisp autumn air. This one day every year falls on October 31st. Halloween.
Among the Christian community, Halloween tends to be a bit of a controversial topic. Halloween, though it began as a holiday celebrating the harvest and hoping to ward off demons, has evolved into a darker holiday in the minds of some. They believe that a more sinister intent lies as the foundation of Halloween. That it's a holiday celebrating Satan, his demons, and dark magic. Sometimes Halloween is even referred to as "Satan's birthday." The duality of this holiday is why some Christians choose not to celebrate it, rather to treat it like any other fall night. No carving pumpkins, no trick-or-treating, no dressing up, and nothing resembling a Halloween activity.
Some families, like the Gulin family, have found a happy medium.
"My parents don't like the spiritual, satanic aspect of Halloween," junior Alex Gulin said. "But I don't really see a problem with dressing up and having fun. They just want us to understand where it comes from."
The Gulin family understands Halloween to be a pagan holiday celebrating darker things.
"I guess Satan started Halloween and it has been changed and adapted- like [how hispanic] people celebrate Dia de los Muertos- so it's not the original holiday, but my parents just freak out about the original meaning or practice of it," Gulin said.
The Gulin family, rather than celebrating Halloween with scary movies and freaky costumes, travel to Vale's Pumpkin Patch in Omaha, Nebraska where Gulin's cousins live.
"One weekend in October we drive up there and my aunt and uncle rent a fire pit area at Vala's and we make a part of it," Gulin said. "There's a lot of things to do. There's haunted houses and giant jumping pillows, peddle car races and random little shows throughout."
The Gulin family eats apple cider doughnuts while going on hayrides and picking out pumpkins. On their way out of Vale's, it's a tradition to eat caramel-covered apples.
Other families, such as the Miller family, don't believe it started as an evil holiday nor is one today. In fact, for them, it's a highly anticipated family event.
"I love Halloween," math teacher, tennis coach, and head of the theatre department Brian Miller said. "It's a chance to dress up and get candy."
Miller does not see Halloween as a holiday celebrating any part of a darker spiritual realm whatsoever.
"Everybody says that it's all about Satan- it's not about Satan," Miller said. "It's actually celebrating the end of the harvest. You can put pagan rituals with anything if you truly want to. Halloween is a chance to dress up and have fun. That's the way that we look at it in our home."
In fact, Halloween is actually quite a big deal in the Miller household.
"All of our family comes over and all of our cousins come over because our neighborhood is really fun and we all get together and we go trick-or-treating and then we drink hot cider and laugh," Miller said. "I don't know what's un-Christian about that!"
Whether you see Halloween as a holiday celebrating Satan or as a fun, family day full of free candy and dressing up, Halloween as a whole is another fun fall day. Pumpkins on doorsteps, chill air bringing a rosy tint to cheeks, bright orange, red, and yellow leaves falling to ground just waiting to be raked up and jumped in. Besides, November 1st means bags and bags of candy on sale to stock up on and pig out on, which is something to celebrate whether you love Halloween or not.


text:
Gay couple sues US for denying citizenship to 1…
Things To DoLifestyle
Gay couple sues US for denying citizenship to 1 twin son
By Associated Press and Brian Melley |
PUBLISHED: January 23, 2018 at 12:00 a.m. | UPDATED: September 12, 2018 at 12:00 a.m.
LOS ANGELES (AP) — A gay Los Angeles couple is suing the U.S. State Department for not recognizing one of their twin sons as a citizen.
Andrew and Elad Dvash-Banks filed the discrimination suit Monday in Los Angeles federal court.
The couple says the U.S. government has failed to recognize their Canadian marriage and one of the 1-year-old fraternal twins born there. Each boy was conceived with sperm from a different father and born by the same surrogate mother minutes apart.
The State Department only granted citizenship to Aiden, who DNA tests showed was the biological son of Andrew, a U.S. citizen. The other son, Ethan, who was conceived from Elad"s sperm, was denied citizenship. Elad Dvash-Banks is an Israeli citizen.
The State Department said it doesn"t comment on pending litigation.
Brian Melley
AT&T Pebble Beach: Pro-Am gears up with quippy opener


text:
Biden: Passports for Americans, not Illegals
Joe Biden's long-delayed press conference included obsessive references to Donald Trump, at one point bizarrely exclaiming "Oh God, I miss him." Our border agents surely miss Trump, as they are overrun by illegal aliens attracted by Biden's invitation to unlawful immigration from Central America.
Yet Biden refuses to visit our patrol agents despite the humanitarian crisis that is attracting worldwide attention. Trump, showing his tremendous character, declared that he plans to visit the border and thereby illustrate the lack of leadership in the White House today.
Biden announced that he had assigned his vice president Kamala Harris to handle the border crisis. Then Harris refused to go down there, perhaps realizing what a disaster such a visit would be to her own political future.
"The vice president is not doing the border," Harris's spokeswoman Symone Sanders declared to reporters two days after she was handed that assignment. Politicians avoid photo ops with problems their own policies caused.
Humanitarian crises at the border are rarely reported by the mainstream media bent on rehashing the sad death of George Floyd, but some news is so tragic it cannot be censored. A nine-year-old girl died drowning while crossing the Rio Grande last week, while thousands of others have been sexually abused during the 2,000-mile trip from Central America.
Biden said his goal is to stop the stream of illegal migrants to the United States. But his actions spoke louder, thereby ensuring that millions more will try to cross our border, because Biden indicated that he is not going to block their entry.
To the extent that Central American children do not die during passage, they will become dependent on our stretched government programs for support. Children who enter illegally are eventually placed in public schools which cannot cope with the influx.
Biden did not misspeak during the press conference, because we could tell that he depended on written notes which he read from the podium, along with pictures of the reporters he would invite to ask questions. No modern president has had to rely on notes to make it through a press conference, and the questions were pathetically tame.
Only after the press conference was over did we learn that the Biden Administration secretly plans to impose standards for a "vaccine passport" to regulate public access to restaurants, airplanes, sports arenas, schools, theaters, and anywhere groups of people traditionally gather. Those lacking such a passport could be excluded.
This would be a shocking infringement on the ordinary liberty that Americans take for granted. Passports should only be for entry into a country, not to restrict movement within our United States.
Five officials within the Biden Administration have confirmed the vaccine passport scheme, using smartphones to implement it. Access to our favorite restaurant or airport could be blocked based on failure to show a personal bar code to confirm vaccination.
Less than half of Americans have been vaccinated against COVID-19, so this would cause some businesses to go bankrupt. But Biden's staff is investigating how to ensure that the passport will be so widely used that there will be no way around it.
This type of passport would not, of course, be limited to the COVID-19 vaccine. Soon it would include other health and personal information about each of us, including what we have said and where we have been.
It could include, for example, information about whether someone was in Washington, D.C., on January 6th for the Trump rally, or any political rally disfavored by the liberal media. It could include whether someone has been vaccinated against diseases other than COVID-19.
The passport might be required by employers, such that it could become impossible to obtain or maintain a job without it. Sports leagues for youngsters could be limited to those who comply with passport requirements.
The State of New York, as led by the discredited Democrat Governor Andrew Cuomo, has developed the Excelsior Pass as a smartphone app for demonstrating that someone has been fully vaccinated against COVID-19. The European Union is pushing a similar concept under the name "Digital Green Certificate."
Biden simultaneously calls on states to impose mask mandates, which several Republican governors have dropped. Far from vaccination helping restore liberty, it appears to be undermining it.
Herd immunity against COVID is not attainable by voluntary vaccination in the United States. Biden's call to vaccinate 200 million Americans in 100 days is not enough to achieve herd immunity, and the vaccine passport scheme is a way to compel vaccination by those who would prefer not to receive it.
Meanwhile, there remains no passport requirement for anyone crossing our southern border with Mexico, as many tens of thousands stream in weekly. Law-abiding Americans are losing their freedoms under Biden, while law-breaking immigrants are pouring in.
Labels: immigration
Full Steam Ahead for Trump Train
Border Catastrophe Sinks Biden
No more $$$ to RINOs!
Wanting Mrs. America, Season 2
Trump Issues Clarion Call for Election Integrity


Learn how to use Google Cloud Platform (GCP) product libraries and frameworks to quickly build and iterate Python apps on GCP!
Start building and deploying on GCP with a free trial.
Learn how to deploy Python web apps on the App Engine flexible environment.
Learn how to use Cloud Vision to detect human faces in images.
Connect with others through GitHub repos, social media outposts, and support centers as you build your Python solution on GCP.
Find training courses, sample apps, videos, and live events to help you navigate the cloud.
Support packages offer hands-on, responsive help.
Talk to us, and other GCP developers, on Stack Overflow, Twitter, Google+, and our blog.


4/9 at 9:01 p.m. John A. Hunt, 55, of John Howland Drive, was arrested on John Howland Drive by Sgt. Daniel Gallant on a charge of violating a protective order.
4/12 at 11:32 p.m. Eliza-Jo E. Ferri, 30, of Juniper Ledge, was arrested on Juniper Ledge by Officer Roger Moore on charges of domestic violence assault and unlawful possession of a scheduled drug.
4/8 at 12:22 a.m. Motor vehicle accident on southbound Interstate 295.
4/8 at 7:05 a.m. Brush fire on West Elm Street.
4/12 at 10:40 a.m. Carbon monoxide alarm on Crystal Lane.
Yarmouth emergency medical services responded to 14 calls from April 7-13.


1980 toyota Corolla for Sale – Encouraged for you to my website, in this particular time period I'm going to provide you with regarding 1980 toyota corolla for sale. And today, this can be the first impression.
Why don't you consider impression above? will be in which awesome???. if you think maybe therefore, I'l m show you many photograph all over again below.
So, if you wish to get all of these incredible photos regarding (1980 toyota Corolla for Sale), press save link to store the pics for your personal pc. They are available for down load, if you'd rather and wish to grab it, click save symbol on the article, and it will be immediately saved to your notebook computer. As a final point if you'd like to grab new and the recent picture related with (1980 toyota Corolla for Sale), please follow us on google plus or bookmark this blog, we attempt our best to offer you regular update with fresh and new pictures. We do hope you like staying right here. For most up-dates and latest information about (1980 toyota Corolla for Sale) images, please kindly follow us on twitter, path, Instagram and google plus, or you mark this page on book mark section, We try to offer you up-date regularly with fresh and new photos, like your browsing, and find the best for you.
Here you are at our site, articleabove (1980 toyota Corolla for Sale) published by at . Today we are excited to announce that we have found an extremelyinteresting nicheto be discussed, that is (1980 toyota Corolla for Sale) Many individuals trying to find info about(1980 toyota Corolla for Sale) and of course one of these is you, is not it?


The driverless car was once heralded as an innovation even too futuristic for The Jetsons. Sure, George Jetson drove a flying car, but it still had a steering wheel and he was clearly at the helm. A different future has arrived, and the days of an actual human getting behind the wheel and piloting a car may soon be as distant a memory as rabbit-ear TV antennae.
Supplanting human-driven vehicles will be autonomous vehicles that drive themselves, and they're becoming more prevalent by the day. So the issue isn't if autonomous cars will arrive — the greater issue is to what extent they'll change the automotive industry, and indeed, what effect they'll have on the global economy of mobility.
In order to remain relevant, traditional and emerging automotive-focused companies must develop a new approach regarding software, cybersecurity and the integration of the Internet of Things, just to name a few areas. The difficulty, then, is finding the leadership that can align these areas with a wide global view of rapidly advancing and changing technologies — as well as address the culture issues that come with such a dramatic paradigm shift. To put it succinctly, finding these leaders will be key to revenue growth and success in the market. New leaders must be able to lead a vast degree of change and have the appropriate automotive experience, while also possessing the innovative vision and digital experience to oversee such a transformation.
To analyze the leadership needs within this new industry, we discussed the role of leadership and culture as the autonomous car and the resulting mobility-based business model becomes more prevalent. We spoke with leaders from several commercial vehicle suppliers and automotive companies, including American Axle & Manufacturing, Bosch, Ford, Meritor, and Siemens, as well as new disrupters like eDriving, Samsung and Velodyne Lidar.
Bringing together a wide array of technologies necessitates creating a culture that can adapt to widely divergent ways of thinking, from the linear mindset of engineering to the broader thinking of innovation. How organizations reconcile these differences will alter their makeup as dramatically as autonomous cars will transform the roadways. Given this paradigm shift, integrating these new mobility-focused leaders will be key to each company's success. The question then becomes: how do the new leaders break corporate glass without breaking the backbone of the automotive companies' culture that's focused around process and safety?
To create the autonomous vehicle and capture the new revenue models associated with this change, companies within the ecosystem have been forced to look at new ways to approach innovation and product development. The move to driverless cars has implications for every system within a car — everything from navigation systems to brakes to steering wheels will be affected, in addition to vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication. Companies also have to be nimble enough to adjust their products and innovate on a much shorter, consumer electronic timetable — all while maintaining the safety and quality measure expected in automotive.
Then there are the dramatic cultural and business-model shifts autonomous cars will bring about: some believe consumers will largely stop buying their own cars, instead only using them on an hourly or as-needed basis. Urban landscapes could be dramatically altered if the need for parking decreases. Not to mention that the revenue model for an automotive company could be less about unit of sales, but more balanced with hours of usage. As a result, these companies will have to capture a far different consumer mindset. Leadership will need to be far-sighted enough to see the effects of this trend — not only within a company, but also on the greater culture and ecosystem.
The brakes that we've had in the past aren't going to be the brakes of the future. We will simply have to reimagine ourselves.
As this chart illustrates, there are certain accepted paths that automotive executives have typically taken – but those will likely change within the new world of autonomous cars.
For starters, leading the charge in the autonomous car realm requires a breadth of knowledge and leadership capabilities. Education is crucial: 59 percent of leaders in the automotive field hold a PhD, according to Spencer Stuart research. In addition to possessing expertise across the manufacturing and engineering spectrum, a leader in the autonomous division needs to be a strong leader who can drive transformation and strategic change.
"We're looking for leaders with proven records of experience on many levels: a leader of the business with strong results orientation and entrepreneurial spirit; a leader who can inspire both innovation and creativity in others; and a leader with a growth mindset to thrive in a rapidly evolving and dynamic market," says Charlie Ackerman, senior vice-president of human relations at Bosch. "That may seem like a lot, but those are the competencies we need and look to find. It's hard to find all these in one candidate, but we know it when we see it."
Beyond inspirational types, though, companies in the autonomous car space will need to find leaders whose knowledge is both tactical and strategic. Leaders will need to look at a host of disparate systems and see the gestalt — the forest and the trees. The knowledge base is continually expanding, so a capable leader will need to have expertise in a wide array of subjects. A recent article told of an ophthalmologist by-training who is now working on lenses for autonomous cars.
Beyond having a varied cross-discipline background, the ideal leadership needs to have an ability to lead and motivate across geographical borders.
Clearly, finding someone with such a wide degree of expertise is daunting. Some refer to it as searching for a unicorn — something that simply doesn't exist. Checking all of the right boxes is key, but a culture fit is crucial. Culture misalignment is a key factor in 68 percent of new hire failures, according to Spencer Stuart data.
To remedy this, some companies are searching for talent at an increasingly young age, where the mindset can be crafted, to a certain extent. Businesses are starting with college-aged students then going younger — sometimes all the way down to the grade-school level.
Other companies are seeking college graduates with a wider degree of specialization, such as students who majored in robotics, embedded systems and telematics rather than engineering. The reasoning is that the expansive, non-linear mindset would lend itself to solving the complex challenges presented by the autonomous car.
Samsung acknowledges it takes more than one leader to fully oversee the transformation to autonomous vehicles or new mobility business models. Companies are splitting the difference and hiring a left-brain leader to focus on traditional automotive functions such as foundation brakes or chassis systems, and a right-brain leader to help spur innovation and blue-sky thinking. Rather than fully integrate these groups, they are siloed to enable each group to thrive by maintaining the culture of the sub group, be it safety and order-driven or learning and purpose-driven. This allows the more innovative leader to break the glass with others who are flexible and adaptive to change, while the more traditional automotive leader can help provide an industry context, processes and tools that are relevant and critical and comfortable to the more traditional domains.
Which raises another point: the automotive industry is a singular enterprise — it's not manufacturing dishwashers or satellite dishes or widgets. Cars have a deep history that's inexplicably tied to the psyche of many countries, and creating a car that drives itself is a huge paradigm leap.
The disruptive environment of the autonomous car and the mobility business model clearly requires a wide spectrum of perspectives and talent to become a reality. These mindsets aren't necessarily harmonious — a company must be both methodically process-driven and disruptive and innovative. Reconciling these diverse approaches within one business culture is an onerous task, and it's critical to find leaders who can direct this transformation.
Spencer Stuart has identified eight primary and universal styles that can be used to diagnose highly complex and diverse behavioral patterns in a culture. As seen in this organizational culture model illustration, traditional OEMs and auto manufacturers tend to belong in the lower-right quadrant. These areas require regimented, strict and — for lack of a better word — automotive culture, valuing high order, safety and process engineering. On the other hand, in the top left quadrant, you find the software-centric, innovative culture of Silicon Valley that tend to value high learning, enjoyment and innovation. The challenge is to keep these cultures and help them flourish while also incorporating some of each into the other.
Companies recognize that the disruptive thinking can be crucial for success in some functions — but not all. In some areas, status quo culture is perfectly acceptable. Culture change will happen, but it doesn't have to be overnight — and it doesn't have to be throughout the entire organization.
"We're transforming our organization by encouraging and enabling regional business unit autonomy," says Charlie Ackerman. "Rather than forcing culture change of the entire organization all at once, we've installed a cultural change framework that encourages direction and enables the BU leaders to adopt the change components that make best sense for their business and market maturity. We're finding this approach to be very effective and the leaders feel ownership of the transformation that leads to business results."
To succeed in a transition to autonomous driving, organizational cultures will likely need to evolve from logical and systematic to order-driving innovative/learning and enjoyment-driven — or at least find a way to combine these divergent cultural and stylistic mindsets. A crucial first step in evolving organizational culture is to understand the current culture, then it is possible to define a target culture and the mindsets, behaviors and capabilities that will be needed for the future. If the organization needs to move to a more agile, innovation-focused culture, then training, development programs, the way meetings are run and how executives communicate all may need to evolve to signal to emerging leaders how to be successful in the future culture.
Ultimately, many automotive companies may conclude that they need to preserve the pockets of stable, process-driven manufacturing culture even as they encourage other parts of the organization to become more flexible and innovative. In this environment, organizations will need leaders able to bridge the cultural divide. Developing an awareness of this chasm is a good place to start — then, change can slowly occur.
In order for culture to become a true advantage, it must be first understood and modeled in its current state. By assessing and then purposefully managing culture, an organization will find it easier to accomplish its objective, meet the needs of stakeholders and adapt to changing business conditions.
The autonomous car promises to be a game-changing development — one that will lead to dramatic cultural change within organizations and in the greater society. That same change will be felt in traditional automotive companies and suppliers, and they will need to radically transform their operations. Additionally, we are seeing a wider acceptance of traditional talent in the startup and high-tech companies entering the world of mobility and autonomous driving. Companies are recognizing the need to have talent that understands heavy manufacturing, has a passion for automotive and can bring processes that drive different outcomes. Finding a leader to manage this transformation is a difficult step, indeed.
That said, companies realize that the terrain is shifting and are developing leaders who can see the big picture. The perfect leader may not exist, but neither did the autonomous car a few short years ago. As the technology develops, leadership will also evolve to encompass this new paradigm shift.
More than any other single factor, organization culture holds the power to drive sustained business performance. At its best, culture unifies people and creates shared attitudes and behaviors that lead to the success of an organization. Left unattended, though, culture can become a limiting force and undermine the goals of the organization. Over the lifetime of an organization, the essential role that culture plays is enabling people and systems to respond to the key opportunities and threats. How the automotive industry responds within this new realm makes all the difference.
Note: An abridged version of this article was also published in McKinsey & Company's quarterly magazine, Voices on Infrastructure. Click here to view the article.
Learn more about our Automotive & Mobility Practice.


In this issue : Tharuna Abbu, Farah Ali, Kristin Bjornerud, Michelle Chen, Nomi Chi, Morgan Christie, Kim Fu, Hannah Graff, nancy viva davis halifax, Ceilidh Isadore, Liz Kellebrew, Jo Lee, Kris Ly, Melanie Mah, Sara Mang, Katie McGarry, Estlin McPhee, Triin Paja, Loghan Paylor, Nagmeh Phelan, Oubah Osman, Lisa Rawn, Yvonne Robertson, Erika Thorkelson, Cara Waterfall.. 38 She stated in 2007, "I don't understand why women feel the need to go into acting as soon as they become famous. But I suppose if the part were aesthetically correct, then maybe I could consider it." 39 In January 2011, Von Teese guest-starred.. 49 Dolezal has used art to educate children on civil rights issues. Plagiarism accusations edit In June 2015, Priscilla Frank at The Huffington Post and Sarah Cascone at artnet made accusations of plagiarism against Dolezal over the painting "The Shape of Our Kind for being..
About Las Vegas Tree Care Las Vegas Tree Care as a locally-owned and operated tree service in the Las Vegas Nevada. We were founded on the values of.


text:
Matt Collette
Matt Collette is a reporter and radio producer in New York City. Follow him @Matt_PC
Fear of FSMA
by Matt Collette
Thanks for reading The New Food Economy. Subscribe to our newsletter to get a weekly dish of features, commentary and insight from the food system's front lines.
Become a subscriber: http://newfoodeconomy.com/subscribe/
Or find us on social:
https://www.facebook.com/newfoodeconomy/
https://twitter.com/newfoodeconomy
newfoodeconomy.org © 2020 New Food Economy. All rights reserved. Use of this Site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of New Food Economy.
The latest food news, from the editors of The New Food Economy
In your inbox, twice a week.


text:
HomeResearchResearch ExplorerResearchersProf Ian Scott
Prof Ian Scott
PROFESSOR OF AMERICAN FILM AND HISTORY
English and American Studies, English, American Studies and Creative Writing
ian.s.scott@manchester.ac.uk
Media contributions and coverage
I am Professor of American Film and History and the SALC Director for Social Responsibility and Internationalisation. During 2015-16 I was Assistant Associate Dean for Internationalisation in the Faculty of Humantities, and in 2016-17 I was Distinguished Visiting Professor in Film and Culture at Central Washington University in Washington State. At CWU I worked in the Film School teaching practical filmmaking and industry-led classes for aspiring graduates into the Hollywood industry. The position emerged from work on, and the profile of, the film, Projections of America (2015), for which I was script editor, senior historical advisor and contributor. Projections was broadcast on ARTE in Europe and PBS America in the UK and is now available on DVD and streaming through Amazon in the United States.
Projections has been an ongoing project examining propaganda films from World War II. The film took its cue from my discovery of and research into previously unseen films, revealed in my book, In Capra's Shadow: The Life and Career of Screenwriter Robert Riskin (University Press of Kentucky, 2006). In 2021 a newly revised paperback, Robert Riskin: The Life and Times of a Hollywood Screenwriter will be published by Kentucky updating the In Capra's Shadow book. I am also currently working on a major monograph provisionally titled, A Better Tomorrow: Transatlantic Propaganda from World War II to the end of the Cold War examining the in-depth relationship between American and British film and policy makers over more than half-a-century. A recent article emerging from the research ("Pride and Joy:Propaganda Wars, 'Projections of America' and the Dismantling of the Office of War Information") was published by the Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television in 2019.
In 2020 I contributed to the making of the acclaimed BBC Radio 4 series, The Californian Century, narrated by Stanley Tucci. Other current research includes new articles on cinematic surveillance politics through accounts of the activites of Julian Assange and Edward Snowden. as well as a chapter on director Costa-Gavras in MUP's New Perspectives series. My assessment of new 'Cold War' movies and America's renewed obsession with Russia is featured in a chapter for Cold War II, edited by Tatiana Prorokova and published by the University of Missisisippi. An extract from the chapter has just been published by The Daily Beast (https://www.thedailybeast.com/author/ian-scott)
I have contributed to the Library of Congress National Film Preservation Board's list of the most significant movies of all time with Frank Capra's It Happened One Night (1934), now part of the National Film Registry and accessible at the Film Preservation Board's website: https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/index-of-essays
I am publishing an edited collection, Art, Culture and Ethics in Black and White: 100 Years of D.W. Griffth's The Birth of a Nation for MUP in 2021, edited by myself, Dr Douglas Field and Dr Jenny Barrett. I regularly contribute to the leading American film magazine, Cineaste, and make regular broadcasting appearances on radio, from BBC Five Live and Radio Manchester through to Heart/Smooth and LBC Radio.
I received my undergraduate degree in Politics and History from Manchester Metropolitan University in 1988, an MA in American History and Institutions from the University of Keele in 1990, and a PhD in California politics also from Keele in 1996. I have taught American Studies at Crewe and Alsager College (later Faculty of MMU), Keele and the Open University. I joined the staff at Manchester in 1994 and was Programme Director for American Studies from 2000-2003. Over extended periods between 2001 amd 2013 I was also Admissions Officer for English and American Studies and the American Studies MA Programme Director in 2014.
I sit on the editorial board for the War, Culture and Society series with Bloomsbury Press. I served on the Peer Review Panel of the Arts and Humanities Research Council between 2008-12. I was the Conference Coordinator for the annual meeting of the British Association for American Studies (BAAS) at Manchester in 2012 and sat on the Executive Committee of the association between 2003 and 2009. I was chair of the Awards Committee for five years in that period. I have been External Examiner and External Validator of degrees at the universities of Glasgow, Swansea, Northumbria and Liverpool Hope, among others.
Supervision areas:
I would be delighted to work with graduate students interested in any aspects of film culture and history, especially those with interests in political movies, screenwriting and/or aspects of authorship theory. In addition, students wishing to conduct research,into the political, social or cultural history of California,orinvestigate,sports, particularly football history, would be welcomed.
Current teaching:
At the undergraduate level, I teach various courses on American Political Culture, the History of California and Film and Politics in America as well as Introductions to Early and Classical Cinema.
At the postgraduate level, I have taught courses on American Cultural Studies and Screen Studies core courses as well as contributing my own specialist course, Authorship and the Studio System in Hollywood.
Professional Activity:
I was an elected member to the Executive Committee of the British Association for American Studies 2003-09 and chair of the Association's Awards Committee 2005-09. I am a member of BAAS, of the American Politics Group and of the Historians of Twentieth Century America Association
Book Awards and Distinctions
Hollywood's White House was the Ray and Thomas Browne Popular Culture Association (PCA) Book of the Year for 2003. Why We Fought was a Choice book of the year for 2008. Projections of America won numerous accolades including Best Documentary at the Dallas Video Fest in 2016.
External positions
Distinguished Visiting Professor, Central Washington University
1 Sep 2016 → 30 Jun 2017
Robert Riskin: The Life and Times of a Hollywood Screenwriter
Review of - Chasing the Light: Writing, Directing, and Surviving Platoon, Midnight Express, Scarface, Salvador, and the Movie Game
The Coldest City: Berlin and the Re-Mapping of Cold War Movie Aesthetics
Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television (Journal)
Edinburgh University Press (Publisher)
BBC Radio 4: The Californian Century
Press/Media: Other
BBC Radio 5 Live Trump's State Visit to the UK
BBC RADIO LONDON: Trump visit to UK
New American Civil Wars: Aspects of the Post-Apocalyptic Novel in the U.S. from 2006-2019
UoM administered thesis: Phd
Assembling the Past, Re-imagining the Region: Anglo Collecting of California History and Literature in Los Angeles, c.1900-1930
FREEDOM FROM CHOICE. THE PERSISTENCE OF CENSORSHIP IN POST-1968 AMERICAN CINEMA.


text:
Q: angular 7 writing test for routing I have made an application with some components and I made the navigation between the pages, they work fine. I want to write a test for my routing section.
this is my router.spec.ts
    import { Location } from "@angular/common";
    import { TestBed, fakeAsync, tick, async } from "@angular/core/testing";
    import { RouterTestingModule } from "@angular/router/testing";
    import { Router } from "@angular/router";

    import { HomeComponent } from './home/home.component';
    import { AboutComponent } from './about/about.component';
    import { AppComponent } from '../app.component';
    //import { routes } from './splash-routing.module';

    describe('AppComponent', () => {
      let location: Location;
      let router: Router;
      let fixture;
      beforeEach(async(() => {
        TestBed.configureTestingModule({
          declarations: [HomeComponent, AboutComponent, AppComponent],
          imports: [RouterTestingModule]
        }).compileComponents();
        router = TestBed.get(Router);
        location = TestBed.get(Location);

        fixture = TestBed.createComponent(AppComponent);
        router.initialNavigation();
      }));

      it('should create the app', async(() => {
        const fixture = TestBed.createComponent(AppComponent);
        console.log(fixture);
        const app = fixture.debugElement.componentInstance;
        expect(app).toBeTruthy();
      }));

      it('navigate to "home" redirects you to /home', fakeAsync(() => {
        router.navigate(['home']);
        tick();
        expect(location.path()).toBe('/home');
      }));

      // it('navigate to "about" takes you to /about', fakeAsync(() => {
      //   router.navigate(['about']);
      //   tick();
      //   expect(location.path()).toBe('/about');
      // }));
    });

my splash-routing.module.ts
    import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
    import { Routes, RouterModule } from '@angular/router';
    import { RootComponent } from './root/root.component';

    import { AboutComponent } from './about/about.component';
    import { PricingComponent } from './pricing/pricing.component';
    import { ContactComponent } from './contact/contact.component';
    import { LoginComponent } from './login/login.component';
    import { HomeComponent } from './home/home.component';
    import { PageNotFoundComponent } from './page-not-found/page-not-found.component';

    export const routes: Routes = [
      {path: '', component: RootComponent, children: [
        {path: '', component: HomeComponent},
        {path: 'home', component: HomeComponent},
        {path: 'about', component: AboutComponent},
        {path: 'pricing', component: PricingComponent},
        {path: 'contact', component: ContactComponent},
        {path: 'login', component: LoginComponent},
        {path: 'notfound', component: PageNotFoundComponent},
        {
          path: '**', // bonus: all routes not defined forward to /home
          redirectTo: 'notfound'
        },
        {path: '', redirectTo: 'home'},
      ]},
    ];

    @NgModule({
      imports: [RouterModule.forChild(routes)],
      exports: [RouterModule]
    })
    export class SplashRoutingModule { }

when I run my tests using ng test I get the following error how can I fix it and what is casing this error:

can some explain to me what am I doing wrong, because i need to write test for other components here as well!

A: You need to specify the routes for RouterTestingModule using the method withRoutes.
Currently, you don't specify any routes and that's the reason you get an error that Cannot match any routes. URL Segment home.
Change your code to something like this:
TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      declarations: [HomeComponent, AboutComponent, AppComponent],
      imports: [RouterTestingModule.withRoutes(routes)] <----------
    }).compileComponents();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The need is so high that even recent civil engineering graduates with limited professional experience are in demand. Our College in Canada can help you to choose a program in engineering. Students can get real internship and co-op opportunities; many of them are paid.
Our 20+ partner universities in Canada offer undergraduate and postgraduate programs internationally recognised. These applied learning programs prepare students to start their professional career in Canada. Instructors are experts in their field and curriculum is designed by industry leaders to meet the changing needs.


text:
Athyrium caudiforme är en majbräkenväxtart som beskrevs av Ren-Chang Ching. Athyrium caudiforme ingår i släktet Athyrium och familjen Athyriaceae. Inga underarter finns listade.

Källor

Kärlväxter
caudiforme

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This is true. I have no authority to make such a statement, but there it is. Actors speak of finding characters. It is much more than saying the lines, or putting on the costumes. They try different things, talk in front of a mirror, obsess about it, work it, and then one day they will arrive at the set and describe how they found their character. They speak of the precise moment when it happened. It may have sprung from tying scarves around their heads as when Johnny Depp became Jack Sparrow, or it could be something that happened with the walk. Somewhere along the way, they become inhabited. That is how I would describe the experience.
In Madeline L'Engle's case, she woke up from a nap and saw him, Charles Wallace Murray. He was sitting in her room. Other accounts describe dreams or even visions. In my experience, it is dialog. The character starts talking. I am only doing the typing. When this happens, I can barely contain my excitement. I fear that to stifle my imaginary friends would be wrong, so I let them run on. They may have accents, wear funny clothes, or seem a bit strange, but I assume it is not my place to question anything. They may take the story in a new direction. They will be full of surprises. In some cases they will take over, shove me out of the way and tell the story themselves. That is the greatest gift. Every word will flow like a river.
Years ago, a young friend who wrote songs told me that the Creator likes creating. He said that he felt well in his soul when the tunes came to him. It is a strange unknown impulse that drives us all. So if what Elizabeth Bowen said is true, how do we go about this process of finding our characters? I wish I had the answer. It would be a great boon to all kinds of creative people if the method were that simple. In all disciplines, it seems that getting in the mode is the key. Even stage performances will vary from night to night, and when the magic occurs, it will be very fleeting. Those who happened to be at that performance, or at that game, or in that moment, will know it. The greatest characters in all of literature did not start when the author attempted to describe a middle-aged white man or a beautiful young girl. I would hazard a guess that those fantastic beings arrived fully formed. Maybe great souls have a desire to jump back into life this way. If it isn't happening, don't worry because if you stick with it for long enough, I am convinced that someone will show up.
While writing My American Eden, I wanted to bring Mary Dyer's story to life. Since she was the only female inhabitant of Boston in 1635 that Governor Winthrop attempted to describe in his journals, I learned that she was "comely and of no mean estate." Years later, on Rhode Island, the Governor wrote that she could converse with any man, as well as any man on any topic." That was my start. I searched and begged for more clues. One night at The Best Food Ever Book Club in Spokane, I was elaborating on my research to date when a great friend said, "Mary Dyer? I am a direct descendant of Mary Dyer." Next I learned that the model for Sylvia Shaw Judson's statue commemorating this rebel saint who gave her life for the cause of religious freedom was none other than my husband's paternal grandmother. The list goes on, but I still yearned to see her. To really meet her. While obsessing about Mary and writing the first draft I had to choose between internal dialogue, what I imagined she was thinking while alone in her house, or show her conversing with someone. Of course, who would have been alone in their house in 1635? I added an indentured servant. Not even beginning to create any sort of picture, she was there. By the fourth draft I had gone from nine hundred pages to four hundred and fifty, and switched from third person omniscient to first person. Only it was not Mary's voice in my head following the discipline of the narrative; it was Irene, the servant, the one who arrived fully formed. I started getting a better look at Mary through her eyes.
A fully formed character could be anyone. What they are is visible and memorable. The Count of Monte Christo. Tom Sawyer. Scarlet O'Hara. Jane Eyre. Harry Potter. Romeo of the House of Montague. Portia. The list goes on and on. You can't name a great classic without a memorable character, or several coming to mind.
This entry was posted in fiction, Historical Fiction and tagged Harry Potter, Jane Eyre, My American Eden, Romeo and Juliet, Scarlet O'Hara, Shakespeare, The Count of Monte Christo, Tom Sawyer on January 30, 2016 by Elizabeth Smythe Brinton.


text:
Lollipop Monster – niemiecki film dramatyczny w reżyserii Ziski Riemann.

Opis fabuły
Dwie dziewczyny Ari (Jella Haase) i Oona (Sarah Horvath) postanawiają uciec ze swoich domów i poczuć wolność.

Obsada
 Jella Haase jako Ariane
 Sarah Horvath jako Oona
 Nicolette Krebitz jako Kristina
 Thomas Wodianka jako Lukas
 Sandra Borgmann jako Marie
 Rainer Sellien jako Volker
 Fritz Hammel jako Boris
 Janusz Kocaj jako Konas

Nagrody i nominacje
 Berlinale 2011
 Nagroda Femina – Julia Brandes

 Lato filmów
 nominacja: Nagroda jury konkursu na film z najlepszym scenariuszem – Udział w konkursie głównym Luci Van Org, Ziska Riemann

 Karlowe Wary 2011
 Nagroda Don Kichota – wyróżnienie specjalne (Ziska Riemann)
 nominacja: Kryształowy Globus – udział w konkursie głównym (Ziska Riemann)

Linki zewnętrzne

Niemieckie dramaty filmowe
Niemieckie filmy z 2011 roku


text:
Q: WriteFile Sockets Handle issues I am trying to port some C which uses read() and write() functions for sending sockets. I am trying to port this to windows and it is suggested (from what I have read) to use WriteFile and ReadFile to accomplish my task.
I read according to Microsoft API documentation that WriteFile will accept a socket. But I am unsure why its not working
(Beginner C Coder)
SOCKET sock;

I set sock to a socket type
WriteFile((HANDLE *)sock, data, 17, NULL, NULL);

Now I know I am doing some thing wrong with that (HANDLE *) type cast but I get an error saying that "int cast to pointer with out a type cast" if I don't (or something similar).
So my question is how can I send a socket using WriteFile as well as read a socket using ReadFile
*cheers
ty

A: WriteFile wants a handle, not a pointer to a handle. You probably want to use:
WriteFile((HANDLE)sock, data, 17, NULL, NULL);


text:
State of the fur trade of the Rocky Mountains American enterprises General Ashley and his associates Sublette, a famous leader Yearly rendezvous among the mountains Stratagems and dangers of the trade Bands of trappers Indian banditti Crows and Blackfeet Mountaineers Traders of the Far West Character and habits of the trapper
IN A RECENT WORK we have given an account of the grand enterprise of Mr. John Jacob Astor to establish an American emporium for the fur trade at the mouth of the Columbia, or Oregon River; of the failure of that enterprise through the capture of Astoria by the British, in 1814; and of the way in which the control of the trade of the Columbia and its dependencies fell into the hands of the Northwest Company. We have stated, likewise, the unfortunate supineness of the American government in neglecting the application of Mr. Astor for the protection of the American flag, and a small military force, to enable him to reinstate himself in the possession of Astoria at the return of peace; when the post was formally given up by the British government, though still occupied by the Northwest Company. By that supineness the sovereignty in the country has been virtually lost to the United States; and it will cost both governments much trouble and difficulty to settle matters on that just and rightful footing on which they would readily have been placed had the proposition of Mr. Astor been attended to. We shall now state a few particulars of subsequent events, so as to lead the reader up to the period of which we are about to treat, and to prepare him for the circumstances of our narrative.
In consequence of the apathy and neglect of the American government, Mr. Astor abandoned all thoughts of regaining Astoria, and made no further attempt to extend his enterprises beyond the Rocky Mountains; and the Northwest Company considered themselves the lords of the country. They did not long enjoy unmolested the sway which they had somewhat surreptitiously attained. A fierce competition ensued between them and their old rivals, the Hudson's Bay Company; which was carried on at great cost and sacrifice, and occasionally with the loss of life. It ended in the ruin of most of the partners of the Northwest Company; and the merging of the relics of that establishment, in 1821, in the rival association. From that time, the Hudson's Bay Company enjoyed a monopoly of the Indian trade from the coast of the Pacific to the Rocky Mountains, and for a considerable extent north and south. They removed their emporium from Astoria to Fort Vancouver, a strong post on the left bank of the Columbia River, about sixty miles from its mouth; whence they furnished their interior posts, and sent forth their brigades of trappers.
The Rocky Mountains formed a vast barrier between them and the United States, and their stern and awful defiles, their rugged valleys, and the great western plains watered by their rivers, remained almost a terra incognita to the American trapper. The difficulties experienced in 1808, by Mr. Henry of the Missouri Company, the first American who trapped upon the head-waters of the Columbia; and the frightful hardships sustained by Wilson P. Hunt, Ramsay Crooks, Robert Stuart, and other intrepid Astorians, in their ill-fated expeditions across the mountains, appeared for a time to check all further enterprise in that direction. The American traders contented themselves with following up the head branches of the Missouri, the Yellowstone, and other rivers and streams on the Atlantic side of the mountains, but forbore to attempt those great snow-crowned sierras.
One of the first to revive these tramontane expeditions was General Ashley, of Missouri, a man whose courage and achievements in the prosecution of his enterprises have rendered him famous in the Far West. In conjunction with Mr. Henry, already mentioned, he established a post on the banks of the Yellowstone River in
1822, and in the following year pushed a resolute band of trappers across the mountains to the banks of the Green River or Colorado of the West, often known by the Indian name of the Seeds-ke-dee Agie. This attempt was followed up and sustained by others, until in 1825 a footing was secured, and a complete system of trapping organized beyond the mountains.
It is difficult to do justice to the courage, fortitude, and perseverance of the pioneers of the fur trade, who conducted these early expeditions, and first broke their way through a wilderness where everything was calculated to deter and dismay them. They had to traverse the most dreary and desolate mountains, and barren and trackless wastes, uninhabited by man, or occasionally infested by predatory and cruel savages. They knew nothing of the country beyond the verge of their horizon, and had to gather information as they wandered. They beheld volcanic plains stretching around them, and ranges of mountains piled up to the clouds, and glistening with eternal frost: but knew nothing of their defiles, nor how they were to be penetrated or traversed. They launched themselves in frail canoes on rivers, without knowing whither their swift currents would carry them, or what rocks and shoals and rapids they might encounter in their course. They had to be continually on the alert, too, against the mountain tribes, who beset every defile, laid ambuscades in their path, or attacked them in their night encampments; so that, of the hardy bands of trappers that first entered into these regions, three-fifths are said to have fallen by the hands of savage foes.
In this wild and warlike school a number of leaders have sprung up, originally in the employ, subsequently partners of Ashley; among these we may mention Smith, Fitzpatrick, Bridger, Robert Campbell, and William Sublette; whose adventures and exploits partake of the wildest spirit of romance. The association commenced by General Ashley underwent various modifications. That gentleman having acquired sufficient fortune, sold out his interest and retired; and the leading spirit that succeeded him was Captain William Sublette; a man worthy of note, as his name has become renowned in frontier story. He is a native of Kentucky, and of game descent; his maternal grandfather, Colonel Wheatley, a companion of Boon, having been one of the pioneers of the West, celebrated in Indian warfare, and killed in one of the contests of the "Bloody Ground." We shall frequently have occasion to speak of this Sublette, and always to the credit of his game qualities. In 1830, the association took the name of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company, of which Captain Sublette and Robert Campbell were prominent members.
In the meantime, the success of this company attracted the attention and excited the emulation of the American Fur Company, and brought them once more into the field of their ancient enterprise. Mr. Astor, the founder of the association, had retired from busy life, and the concerns of the company were ably managed by Mr. Ramsay Crooks, of Snake River renown, who still officiates as its president. A competition immediately ensued between the two companies for the trade with the mountain tribes and the trapping of the head-waters of the Columbia and the other great tributaries of the Pacific. Beside the regular operations of these formidable rivals, there have been from time to time desultory enterprises, or rather experiments, of minor associations, or of adventurous individuals beside roving bands of independent trappers, who either hunt for themselves, or engage for a single season, in the service of one or other of the main companies.
The consequence is that the Rocky Mountains and the ulterior regions, from the Russian possessions in the north down to the Spanish settlements of California, have been traversed and ransacked in every direction by bands of hunters and Indian traders; so that there is scarcely a mountain pass, or defile, that is not known and threaded in their restless migrations, nor a nameless stream that is not haunted by the lonely trapper.
The American fur companies keep no established posts beyond the mountains. Everything there is regulated by resident partners; that is to say, partners who reside in the tramontane country, but who move about from place to place, either with Indian tribes, whose traffic they wish to monopolize, or with main bodies of their own men, whom they employ in trading and trapping. In the meantime, they detach bands, or "brigades" as they are termed, of trappers in various directions, assigning to each a portion of country as a hunting or trapping ground. In the months of June and July, when there is an interval between the hunting seasons, a general rendezvous is held, at some designated place in the mountains, where the affairs of the past year are settled by the resident partners, and the plans for the following year arranged.
To this rendezvous repair the various brigades of trappers from their widely separated hunting grounds, bringing in the products of their year's campaign. Hither also repair the Indian tribes accustomed to traffic their peltries with the company. Bands of free trappers resort hither also, to sell the furs they have collected; or to engage their services for the next hunting season.
To this rendezvous the company sends annually a convoy of supplies from its establishment on the Atlantic frontier, under the guidance of some experienced partner or officer. On the arrival of this convoy, the resident partner at the rendezvous depends to set all his next year's machinery in motion.
Now as the rival companies keep a vigilant eye upon each other, and are anxious to discover each other's plans and movements, they generally contrive to hold their annual assemblages at no great distance apart. An eager competition exists also between their respective convoys of supplies, which shall first reach its place of rendezvous. For this purpose, they set off with the first appearance of grass on the Atlantic frontier and push with all diligence for the mountains. The company that can first open its tempting supplies of coffee, tobacco, ammunition, scarlet cloth, blankets, bright shawls, and glittering trinkets has the greatest chance to get all the peltries and furs of the Indians and free trappers, and to engage their services for the next season. It is able, also, to fit out and dispatch its own trappers the soonest, so as to get the start of its competitors, and to have the first dash into the hunting and trapping grounds.
A new species of strategy has sprung out of this hunting and trapping competition. The constant study of the rival bands is to forestall and outwit each other; to supplant each other in the good will and custom of the Indian tribes; to cross each other's plans; to mislead each other as to routes; in a word, next to his own advantage, the study of the Indian trader is the disadvantage of his competitor.
The influx of this wandering trade has had its effects on the habits of the mountain tribes. They have found the trapping of the beaver their most profitable species of hunting; and the traffic with the white man has opened to them sources of luxury of which they previously had no idea. The introduction of firearms has rendered them more successful hunters, but at the same time, more formidable foes; some of them, incorrigibly savage and warlike in their nature, have found the expeditions of the fur traders grand objects of profitable adventure. To waylay and harass a band of trappers with their pack-horses, when embarrassed in the rugged defiles of the mountains, has become as favorite an exploit with these Indians as the plunder of a caravan to the Arab of the desert. The Crows and Blackfeet, who were such terrors in the path of the early adventurers to Astoria, still continue their predatory habits, but seem to have brought them to greater system. They know the routes and resorts of the trappers; where to waylay them on their journeys; where to find them in the hunting seasons, and where to hover about them in winter quarters. The life of a trapper, therefore, is a perpetual state militant, and he must sleep with his weapons in his hands.
A new order of trappers and traders, also, has grown out of this system of things. In the old times of the great Northwest Company, when the trade in furs was pursued chiefly about the lakes and rivers, the expeditions were carried on in batteaux and canoes. The voyageurs or boatmen were the rank and file in the service of the trader, and even the hardy "men of the north," those great rufflers and game birds, were fain to be paddled from point to point of their migrations.
A totally different class has now sprung up:--"the Mountaineers," the traders and trappers that scale the vast mountain chains, and pursue their hazardous vocations amidst their wild recesses. They move from place to place on horseback. The equestrian exercises, therefore, in which they are engaged, the nature of the countries they traverse, vast plains and mountains, pure and exhilarating in atmospheric qualities, seem to make them physically and mentally a more lively and mercurial race than the fur traders and trappers of former days, the self-vaunting "men of the north." A man who bestrides a horse must be essentially different from a man who cowers in a canoe. We find them, accordingly, hardy, lithe, vigorous, and active; extravagant in word, and thought, and deed; heedless of hardship; daring of danger; prodigal of the present, and thoughtless of the future.
A difference is to be perceived even between these mountain hunters and those of the lower regions along the waters of the Missouri. The latter, generally French creoles, live comfortably in cabins and log-huts, well sheltered from the inclemencies of the seasons. They are within the reach of frequent supplies from the settlements; their life is comparatively free from danger, and from most of the vicissitudes of the upper wilderness. The consequence is that they are less hardy, self-dependent and game-spirited than the mountaineer. If the latter by chance comes among them on his way to and from the settlements, he is like a game-cock among the common roosters of the poultry-yard. Accustomed to live in tents, or to bivouac in the open air, he despises the comforts and is impatient of the confinement of the log-house. If his meal is not ready in season, he takes his rifle, hies to the forest or prairie, shoots his own game, lights his fire, and cooks his repast. With his horse and his rifle, he is independent of the world, and spurns at all its restraints. The very superintendents at the lower posts will not put him to mess with the common men, the hirelings of the establishment, but treat him as something superior.
There is, perhaps, no class of men on the face of the earth, says Captain Bonneville, who lead a life of more continued exertion, peril, and excitement, and who are more enamored of their occupations, than the free trappers of the West. No toil, no danger, no privation can turn the trapper from his pursuit. His passionate excitement at times resembles a mania. In vain may the most vigilant and cruel savages beset his path; in vain may rocks and precipices and wintry torrents oppose his progress; let but a single track of a beaver meet his eye, and he forgets all dangers and defies all difficulties. At times, he may be seen with his traps on his shoulder, buffeting his way across rapid streams, amidst floating blocks of ice: at other times, he is to be found with his traps swung on his back clambering the most rugged mountains, scaling or descending the most frightful precipices, searching, by routes inaccessible to the horse, and never before trodden by white man, for springs and lakes unknown to his comrades, and where he may meet with his favorite game. Such is the mountaineer, the hardy trapper of the West; and such, as we have slightly sketched it, is the wild, Robin Hood kind of life, with all its strange and motley populace, now existing in full vigor among the Rocky Mountains.
Having thus given the reader some idea of the actual state of the fur trade in the interior of our vast continent, and made him acquainted with the wild chivalry of the mountains, we will no longer delay the introduction of Captain Bonneville and his band into this field of their enterprise, but launch them at once upon the perilous plains of the Far West.