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Tag: Robbie Ray Page 1 of 2
Yankees Free Agent Target: Robbie Ray
By Ana Apostoleris
In Free Agency, Hot Stove
If there's one constant for every team, every offseason, it's that there's a scramble for elite pitching. Every team needs it, too few teams have it, and even if a team does have it, you always want more.
The Yankees' pitching was pretty decent in 2021, featuring Cy Young runner up Gerrit Cole having an overall excellent season, a surprisingly great bullpen, and unexpected performances from the likes of Nestor Cortes, Jr., but they would be wise not to sit on their heels going into 2022. Robbie Ray, near-unanimous Cy Young winner in 2021, is set to be one of the hottest free agents on the market this offseason, and the Yankees will be one of many teams taking a hard look.
2020 Trade Deadline Thread
In News, Rumors, Trades
4:00 p.m. EDT: Ding ding ding. Nothing for the Yankees today, unless we get a surprise late announcement like the Zack Greinke trade last year.
3:40 p.m. EDT: Cashman has a few "narrowed-down" talks for relievers and position players. (Brendan Kuty)
3:39 p.m. EDT: Boston makes a move. Kevin Pillar goes to the Rockies. (Mark Feinsand)
3:34 p.m. EDT: Old friend alert. Milwaukee traded David Phelps to the Phillies. He reunites with another old friend, Joe Girardi. (Ken Rosenthal)
3:19 p.m. EDT: The Yankees aren't optimistic about getting a deal done, though they've been in touch on Gausman, Bundy, and Lynn. (Heyman)
2:58 p.m. EDT: Another deal: Jonathan Villar from Miami to Toronto. (Ken Rosenthal)
2:56 p.m. EDT: The Marlins are close to landing Marte. Take him off the Yankees' wish list. (Craig Mish)
2:22 p.m. EDT: The Diamondbacks appear likely to move OF Starling Marte for the best deal they can get by 4 p.m. The team does not intend to pick up his 2021 option, so a trade will have to do. (Joel Sherman)
2:07 p.m. EDT: Texas "would love" to get Deivi García for Lynn. Duh. (T.R. Sullivan)
1:52 p.m. EDT: The Blue Jays have acquired LHP Robbie Ray from Arizona. He's been awful this year, but has been connected to the Yankees in the past. (Rob Longley)
1:41 p.m. EDT: The Yankees have checked in on RHP Kevin Gausman. (Heyman)
1:05 p.m. EDT: The Yankees have been in touch with the Rangers over the last 48 hours regarding Lynn. (Jon Morosi)
12:40 p.m. EDT: The Rangers could be motivated to trade RHP Lance Lynn. The team may regret not dealing Minor last year, so they don't want to make that mistake with Lynn while his value is high. (Joel Sherman)
12:31 p.m. EDT: Another trade: LHP Mike Minor from the Rangers to the A's for two players to be named later. Mark another pitcher off the board who could have fit the Yankees. (Jeff Passan)
12:25 p.m. EDT: Radio silence in terms of Yankees-related rumors at this point. As per Martino's report linked below, it sure seems possible that the Yankees don't make any moves.
11:15 a.m. EDT: Clevinger is off to San Diego. Cross one target off the Yankees' list. (Robert Murray)
10:25 a.m. EDT: The prices are too high for the Yankees at the moment. They're not anywhere close on RHP Mike Clevinger or RHP Lance Lynn. It's also not clear if San Francisco will move RHP Kevin Gausman. (Andy Martino)
T-minus six hours until the 4 p.m. EDT trade deadline. A number of trades went down yesterday — none of them involving the Yankees — and a few more are sure to occur today. We'll update this post for any deals made and rumors involving the Yankees throughout the day. Here are the latest Yankees-related rumors:
The Yankees have talked to the Brewers about LHP Josh Hader, but there's "no traction" there. They've also checked in on RHP Mike Clevinger. (Jon Heyman)
CF Starling Marte is on the Yankees' radar. (Joel Sherman)
A deal for Marte could be expanded to include LHP Robbie Ray and/or RHP Archie Bradley. (Heyman)
The Yanks are reluctant to add any more salary via trade, which could make a Marte (or any other trade) complicated. (Ken Rosenthal)
To get you up to speed on official transactions, here are the moves from yesterday:
Boston traded 1B Mitch Moreland to San Diego for prospects 3B Hudson Potts and CF Jeisson Rosario.
Tampa Bay dealt DH José Martínez to the Cubs in exchange for a player to be named later or cash.
Baltimore sent RHP Mychal Givens to Colorado in return for minor leaguers 1B/3B Tyler Nevin, SS Terrin Vavra, and a player to be named later.
The Angels moved C Jason Castro to San Diego for RHP Gerardo Reyes.
Seattle swapped UTIL Austin Nola, RHP Austin Adams, and RHP Dan Altavilla to San Diego for IF Ty France, C Luis Torrens, RHP Andres Munoz, and top OF prospect Taylor Trammell.
Baltimore dealt LHP Tommy Milone to Atlanta for a player to be named later.
News & Notes: Cole/Strasburg Sweepstakes, Gardner Offer, Ray Trade, Voit Injury News
Happy Saturday, everyone. The Winter Meetings are almost here and I have to say: the Hot Stove is sufficiently hot. At least with real rumors. I'm very surprised. Pleasantly surprised, to be clear, but surprised nonetheless. We'll have to see what happens this week. I'd like to see the Cole/Strasburg sweepstakes come to a quick–and satisfying–conclusion but I'm still not holding my breath. Agent Scott Boras will prey on teams' desperation. But we'll see. I'm more hopeful than I was two weeks ago over this not drawing out, that's for sure.
Anyway, today is the 24-year anniversary Tino Martinez trade, which is a good excuse to post some 90s dynasty highlights. Here's his famous grand slam in Game 1 of the 1998 World Series:
And here is his game-tying two-run home run with two outs in the bottom of the 9th inning in Game 4 of the 2001 World Series:
Those are two moments that have never once gotten old for me, even knowing how 2001 turned out in the end. (Not to mention, it's always great to hear Sterling back then, and "The Bamtino" is one of my favorite HR calls of his.) All told, Martinez hit .279/.348/.488 (114 OPS+) in 923 games with the Bombers and won four World Series. Not bad.
Back in 2019, though, there are many rumors swirling around the Yankees. Let's get right to them.
Cole/Strasburg Sweepstakes
Not much has changed since I wrote this the other day, really, but this is why everyone is here. Here's the quick rundown of the latest news regarding Cole and Strasburg, who are the Yankees' big targets this offseason:
The Yankees would be surprised to see Strasburg leave Washington. (Jon Heyman)
That said, they pulled out "all the stops" in their meeting with him and treated it exactly as they treated the Cole meeting. Makes sense! (NBC Washington)
Brian Cashman repelled down a building yesterday and a fan put up a sign in the window of the building saying "Please sign Gerrit Cole." He also spoke about the team's meeting with the players with reporters afterward. (ESPN)
The Phillies are also interested in Cole and Strasburg, even after signing Zack Wheeler. That brings the list of known suitors to four: the Yanks, Dodgers, Angels, and Phillies. Washington is also in on Strasburg. (Jon Heyman)
That's that, folks. Nothing really new. We will continue to keep you posted on this front in real-time, obviously.
Yanks Offer Brett Gardner A Deal
File this one in the "not at all surprising" department, but the Yankees recently offered Brett Gardner a contract. Here's the Heyman report:
Yankees made another offer to Brett Gardner so the sides continue to talk. Gardy has made clear he prefers to return to them for a 13th season. They love him as well, and with Hicks sidelined to start the year, it's hard to imagine Gardner and the Yankees not working things out.
— Jon Heyman (@JonHeyman) December 6, 2019
I think it's interesting that they made "another" offer but not too interesting. It makes no sense for either party to accept the first deal offered. That's not how negotiations work!
Gardner is coming off a great year in which he hit .251/.325/.503 (115 wRC+) and looked like his old self in the second half. He probably wants a two-year deal at a higher annual salary than the $7.5 million base salary he earned this year. There is probably just a small difference between the teams as they hash this out, as even Hal Steinbrenner was laudatory of Gardner in a recent interview. He will be back. That's good news.
I expect this to be done sooner rather than later, although it is certainly a chance it draws out until after the Cole/Strasburg saga wraps up. I just can't imagine Gardner suiting up anywhere else, and I don't think he, or the Yankees, can either.
Robbie Ray, We Meet Again
Multiple sources are listing Robbie Ray as a potential backup plan for the Yankees, should Gerrit Cole and Stephen Strasburg elect to take their services elsewhere. ESPN's David Schoenfield wrote a piece outlining a potential Clint Frazier for Ray swap, which you can check out at that link. ESPN's Buster Olney mentioned Ray as a potential backup option as well.
Remember, this is not the first time we've heard this. The two sides were linked at the trade deadline. This exact deal came up, in fact, and the Yankees turned it down. That's why I personally would be surprised to see this deal go down. Of course, things change, and maybe the Yankees' internal valuations of Frazier and Ray have changed, too. You never know!
A lot of fans, including my co-writers here, are not very excited by the prospect of Robbie Ray, which I understand. On the other hand, I don't think you have to squint very hard to see his under-the-hood stuff and dream about unlocking his full potential. That said, he's a complementary piece, not the big fish. Just sign Cole, please, then we can talk about this.
Luke Voit Injury Update
Finally, Luke Voit is determined not to rush back from his latest injury. He won't play until he's 100% healthy, he told the YES Network the other day, by way of Bradford William Davis of the New York Daily News. Here is the money quote:
"After that thing in London, I was fighting through it and you know it's one of those things where (the training staff) told me 'just rehab and everything's gonna get better' and I just couldn't get over that hump.I wasn't the most truthful in telling them that, you know, everything was hurting down there."
Not great! It's a common issue though with athletes, though. They want to play and help the team. I probably would in their shoes, too. But even though I understand it, I do hate it. Voit says it's a lesson learned going forward, which is good to hear.
Anyway, Voit's self-described "thickheadedness" definitely hurt his performance down the stretch and may have even exacerbated his injury. It's too bad because 2019 was an otherwise excellent campaign for him and I do believe his absence cost the Yanks in the playoffs. Hopefully, Voit is able to rest and get healthy following his surgery and return to form next season. That sure would be nice.
Assorted Thoughts 7 Hours Before the 2019 Trade Deadline
In Musings, Rumors
Well, today's the day. The Yankees will either upgrade their starting rotation by 4 pm EST or they won't do so at all. Remember, this year is the first year of no August waiver wire, so today's all we've got. The deadline has already been a bit of an adventure for a few reasons, so here are a few assorted thoughts as we go into the day.
1. Marcus Stroman is off the Board: As we all know, Stroman was traded to the Mets in a move that shocked nearly everyone. I found this disappointing, personally, as I thought that Stroman was both the most likely SP upgrade the Yanks would make and also my preference among the rumored options. His 56.3% GB% ranks 2nd in the league among 74 qualified starting pitchers, and his 0.72 HR/9 ranks 4th among that same group. He's averaging about 6 innings pitched a start, too. He would have made a nice addition to the Yankee rotation, even if he isn't the dominating ace everyone expects for some reason.
As for the package the Mets surrendered to get him, well, it's hard to say that the Yankees couldn't have beaten it. Industry perception seems to be that the Blue Jays got fleeced in the deal–though, as always, it's far too early to determine that!–and that the front office rushed into moving Stroman. Anthony Kay is a nice piece, but I don't think there's any doubt that the Yankees have comparable talent. Who knows what happened? I doubt it was on the Yankees' end, though. His salary isn't prohibitive (this year or next) and the Yanks had the pieces. Maybe Toronto just didn't want to trade their ace within the division? Who knows. This is a bummer, though. For sure.
2. Trevor Bauer, Too: The Yankees also missed the boat on now-Red Trevor Bauer, who was shipped out of Cleveland last night in a three-team trade. Bauer is having a nice year and showed last year how dominant he can be, but his incident throwing the ball over the centerfield wall the other day just perfectly illustrates why a considerable number of Yankee fans simply didn't want to root for him. In pure baseball terms, he'd have made the team better, though, and now he's unavailable. I guess Cincy could try to flip him, but I doubt it. A rotation of Castillo/Bauer/Gray is pretty damn formidable.
Now, could the Yankees have beaten this package? On their own, absolutely not. Cleveland added Yasiel Puig and prospect Scott Moss from Cincy and Franmil Reyes, Logan Allen, and Victor Nova. That's a haul better than what the Yankees could have given them. They probably could have been involved in a three-team trade, and maybe Clint Frazier gets it done, but Cleveland clearly wanted MLB talent, and they got it. I don't know if the Yankees could have matched. Maybe Clint and Luis Gil? That feels light, and my trade proposals, like yours, suck.
What I do know is that, yet again, the luxury tax threshold is back amid Yankee trade rumors. Joel Sherman of the Post last night reported that the Yankees had "concerns" about where Bauer's "$20 million-ish contract for next year would push a payroll that already projects to well beyond $200 million for luxury tax purposes." Look. There are plenty, and I mean plenty, of reasons not to want Bauer on the team, but his salary isn't one. This remains the single most infuriating thing the Yankees have done in probably over two decades, so it could be worse, but man is it infuriating.
3. Mike Minor Is Still Out There: So, in other words, after a few days of inaction, the two best starting pitchers on the market are no longer around, and neither of them are on the Yankees. That's frustrating! Fans are allowed to be frustrated by this, but all hope is not lost. There are still a few other options, including Mike Minor of the Texas Rangers, who according to Baseball-Reference at least, is having the best season among all starters in the league. For real. Check out their WAR leaderboard for pitchers:
Mike Minor: 5.9
Max Scherzer: 5.4
Lance Lynn: 5.0
Hyun-Jin Ryu: 4.6
Justin Verlander/Stephen Strasburg: 4.5
Holy smokes! That's some real production right there. I had written up a (very) long post in the same style as my other trade analyses the other day, and then WordPress ate it, which was insanely frustrating. Sorry about that. However, the long and short of it is this: Minor is having one hell of a season. He's limiting homers, generating a lot of swings and misses, keeping the ball on ground, and he is averaging about 7 innings a start on the season. He's walking more guys than you'd like to see, but you can't argue with the success this year. It's been real. He also has one of the highest-spin fastballs in baseball, which the Yankees love.
Now, is it sustainable over the long term? I'm not sure. Minor hasn't ever really had results like this, save 2013. But sometimes it's not always about the long-term. Would Minor make the Yankees immediately better? Yes. Is he available now? Also yes. The Yankees are in contention for the World Series, and I do think that adding Minor would better position the team to bring the trophy home in October, his performance next year be damned.
4. Robbie Ray, Too: The Yankees have also been linked to Arizona's Robbie Ray, who is I think the most intriguing of the available starters. Let's first focus on the good: holy cow does he miss bats. His 12.07 K/9 is 5th highest among qualified pitchers, and this isn't a new skill. Check out his K rate rankings among pitchers with at least 100 IP in each season over the last few years:
2016: 28.1% (9th)
2018: 31.4% (8th, min 100 IP)
Cumulative (2016-19): 30.8% (3rd among 153 qualified pitchers)
So, yeah. That's legitimate stuff right there, and it speaks to why Ray is appealing. Here's the bad news: Ray also walks a lot of guys. A LOT of guys. I don't think I need to do the same exercise again to prove this point, but here are the cumulative walk rate numbers from 2016-2019 among qualified pitchers for Ray: 10.7%, which ranks 6th highest out of 153. That's way, way too many walks for my tastes. This year, though not as much historically, Ray is also surrendering a lot of homers, and walks and homers are an ugly combination. Especially in the AL East. Those might be warning signs.
However, with that said, I think the fanbase at large is a bit too dismissive of Ray. He's not the big name we wanted or maybe even expected, but you don't miss that many bats without legitimate stuff. The Yankees may see in Ray the potential to unlock an ace. I'd have to look under the hood to get a better sense of what that might be, but again, his stuff is clearly legit. Now, that's also what's been said about guys like Nathan Eovaldi, Michael Pineda, Sonny Gray, and, most recently, James Paxton. We know what those results have been. I can see why fans wouldn't want any more experiments like that.
But you know what? The Yankees also developed Luis Severino, which you never hear discussed, and that guy is pretty damn good. And the Yankees pitching staff has actually been one of the best in the league in 2017 and 2018 and it was pretty good until 10 days ago this year, too. The idea that the Yankees are completely lost when it comes to pitching is misguided at best, though there's no denying that it's been frustrating this week. (Also: pitching is hard and there aren't many success stories out there, as a whole. Keep some perspective, please.)
Point is, the Yankees are very smart, and may be able to tweak Ray's approach and turn him into a real difference maker, and if they don't, they'd be adding a pitcher who can soak up innings, generally limit the damage, and help stabilize the rotation for now. That's a win in my book.
5. Madison Bumgarner's Availability: Is Madison Bumgarner really available? That's a huge question today, and I have to say that I'm conflicted. But first, let's establish something: Bumgarner is flying under the radar, a bit. I think signs of his decline are way too premature.
When I wrote about Bumgarner a few weeks ago, I was impressed to see some under-the-hood figures that suggested a resurgence was in order. I even talked myself into being excited should the Yankees acquire him. He made a start the next day after that posted. Here's his line since: 3-1, 3.47 ERA (2.97 FIP, 81 ERA-) with 9.64 K/9 (26.3% K%) and only 1.74 BB/9 (4.7% BB%) in 46.2 IP. Sign me the hell up for that!
Now, back to the conflicted part: the Giants are on quite a run right now and have literally been the best team in baseball for the past month. They're only 2.5 games out of the NL Wild Card. Now, Bumgarner is almost surely going to walk after the season, but aren't the Giants–the GIANTS!– the perfect case study in "make the playoffs and anything can happen?" I think it would be a distressing sign for the health of the league if the Giants sold MadBum. It would really bother me on a deep level as someone who cares deeply about baseball as a whole.
*John Sterling Voice* Howevah, I really, really, really want the Yankees to win the World Series and I think Bumgarner would greatly improve their chances of doing so, so I'd be willing to look past this obvious red flag if the Yankees got him. Any other team, though? Time to be mad online, folks. But for real, in terms of Ray, Bumgarner, or Minor, I think Yankee fans should be happy if Cashman acquires any of those 3 today. They can really pitch, and it doesn't take a whole lot of squinting to see real positives from any of them. They'd all help make the team better, which is the point of all this.
6. Adding a Reliever Instead: But what if they don't? Cashman and the Yankee front office's modus operandi in recent years, particularly with pitching, seems to be sticking to a set price and never once wavering. We've seen it a million times. Corbin, Cole, Scherzer, etc. I don't need to keep going, do I? I think it keeps most of us up at night.
Anyway, if they stick to this again and don't make a move for a starter, I don't think they'l stand pat. They'll add a reliever, preferably a high-leverage one, and bank on being about to go four-and-fly come October with one of the best pens in league history. And yes, everyone will whine about the starters not being championship level or whatever, but this exact strategy worked for the Kansas City Royals (who had a much worse offense) exactly…*checks notes*…3 seasons ago. That's not ancient history. I don't know who that is–Archie Bradley? Will Smith? Edwin Diaz (lol)–but this feels inevitable should the Yankees miss out on a starter. Hell, it might be inevitable anyway. I wouldn't be shocked to see the Yanks add a reliever either way. Who that is might just depend on the SP market.
7. "Adding Severino is The Best Trade We Can Make": Look, I know we hate it. We all hate it. But that's what Brian Cashman is going to say, and in fact, he's already said it. I know it sounds like a BS PR excuse, and the reality is that it is that to a great extent. But what if I told you…it's also…true? There isn't a pitcher out there as good as Severino. Here are some key stats from 2017-2018, with his rankings among qualified starters in parentheses:
Wins: 33 (4th)
ERA: 3.18 (11th)
FIP: 3.01 (5th)
Innings Pitched: 384.2 (10th)
Strikeouts per 9: 10.53 (9th)
Walks per 9: 2.27 (13th)
HR per 9: 0.94 (17th)
fWAR: 11.2 (5th)
The Yankees aren't getting a pitcher like that out there on the market. Pitchers like that barely even exist. Now, should that stop them from acquiring a starting pitcher today? Absolutely not! Say it again: absolutely not! In no way, shape, or form should the Yankees count on Severino (or Betances) for a single inning this year. They should make every possible move to ensure that they don't need to rely on him, in fact. That should be, and I think it is, a priority.
But, even if they do trade for MadBum or Minor or Ray, if Severino returns and is able to start games for the Yankees in 2019, then Brian Cashman will be right: the very best starting pitching "acquisition" of the entire season will have been the return of Luis Severino. There's no denying it.
8. Delayed Keuchel Reaction: Good grief has this deadline really hammered home the fact that the Yankees made a big mistake in passing on Dallas Keuchel a few months ago. I wrote about it at the time, but it's not exactly a radical position. Everyone seemed to feel that way except the Yankees. It remains utterly baffling to me that the Yankees didn't sign him. He'd have been a perfect fit. This entire deadline would be way, way less stressful for everyone, and the Yankees would be way less desperate.
Keuchel has made 8 starts since he signed with Atlanta, and he's averaging over 6 innings per start with a 3.86 ERA (4.82 FIP) and a 60% grounder rate. He's surrendering a few more homers and walks than you'd expect, but by and large, Keuchel has been exactly what you'd have expected and exactly what the Yankees need. The team simply wouldn't budge from their internal value for Keuchel and they're paying the price. Now they'll have to surrender several prospects or they'll have to stand pat with this rotation (which, I *insist* is much better than people think). Not great.
We'll have an active thread throughout the day, dutifully updated by Derek. Additionally, we will provide as-instant-as-possible reaction to any trades that do go down. The Yankees are, in my view, the best team in baseball in terms of pure talent. They have a real opportunity to get better today. Let's hope they do just that.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Dr. Patel grew up in Schaumburg, Illinois, where he attended Schaumburg High School. After graduating from the University of South Alabama, Dr. Patel attended Logan College of Chiropractic in St. Louis, Missouri. He received a Doctorate of Chiropractic and a Masters in Sports Science and Rehabilitation. Dr. Patel moved back to the suburbs of Chicago, where he earned a Certification in Acupuncture from National University of Health Sciences.
Dr. Patel believes in providing health care, which not only treats the underlying condition, but also tries to prevent future injuries. At Back2Spine Chiropractic, it is our responsibility to teach patients to live a healthier lifestyle.


Here are a few flags from the recent sci-fi anime Gundam SEED,the latest installment in the long-running Gundam saga. SEED is concerned principally with a messy war, fought on Earth and in cislunar space, between the PLANTS (a group of space habitats occupied by genetically enhanced humans known as Coordinators) and the Earth Alliance (a loose union of squabbling 1984-style superstates, motivated by nationalism, mutual distrust and anti-coordinator prejudice).
I have seen this variation on promotional material, but not in the actual series. It might be the flag of an element of the ZAFT government.
Update: Did I call it, or what? It appears as a backdrop in episode 32, when Zala takes over the chairmanship from Siegel Clyne. Based on this, I think we can assume with some confidence that this is the flag of the ZAFT Supreme Council.
The flag of OMNI (Oppose Militancy and Neutralize Invasion), the Earth's counterpart to ZAFT. Like ZAFT, this somewhat awkwardly acronymmed entity is a kind of NATO-like supranational organization. It seems to be a parallel institution to and/or military arm of the civilian, UN-like Earth Alliance, which by contrast seems largely irrelevant, constantly sidelined by bickering between member states, with little influence and no evident flag or c-o-a. The SEED series also features two subnational entities, both loosely associated with OMNI: the guerilla faction Desert Dawn and the anti-coordinator extremist movement Blue Earth, but I have yet to see a symbol associated with either of them. This flag's central symbol is reminiscent of the UN logo with a heavily stylized wreath. OMNI's HQ is on the moon, possibly the reason for its inclusion in its arms. It's military personnel wear a shoulder patch with a simplified OMNI symbol in a different color scheme.
There are a number of neutral states on the sidelines of the war, the most important being the United Emirates of Orb. Renamed the Orb Union in the English dub, presumably because 'Emirates' would be too controversial nowadays or something--moronic--, Orb is apparently located at or around what would currently be Malaysia or Indonesia. Wealthy, diverse and and technologically advanced, it also posesses at least one Island-Three type space colony with heavy manufacturing facilities. While it is apparently a constitutional monarchy, the sovereign--termed a 'Lord'--has quite a bit of influence. I haven't spotted a flag yet, but something should pop up in due course--Orb plays a major role in the second half of the series.


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Upgrading to Office 2013 or Office 365 or your own bespoke software? We can also help with training programme rollouts.
If you would like to know more about how we can help you then please contact us on 01223 214177 or email us.
Karen ran an excellent day of training for us. She tailored the content to our needs, and gave us clear, helpful and workable solutions to our problems. It was a great day - informative, helpful and stimulating. Many thanks.


text:
public class Gun {
    private String caliber;
    private int clipSize;
    private boolean canned;

    public Gun(String type, int size, boolean supp) {
        this.caliber = type;
        this.clipSize = size;
        this.canned = supp;
    }

    public void supressGun() {
        this.canned = true;
    }

    public void print() {
        System.out.print("This is a " + caliber + " and has a " + clipSize + " round mag capacity.");
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Osteitis Deformans. A Review of the Literature and Report of Eleven Cases. Public Health Service Bulletin No. 209.
Published: Ann Intern Med. 1933;7(6):791-792.
Cost and operational impact of promoting upfront GeneXpert MTB/RIF test referrals for presumptive pediatric tuberculosis patients in India.
Visualizing Efficacy of Pesticides Against Disease Vector Mosquitoes in the Field.


In worship, it is our goal to get those who enter into our fellowship to make the exaltation of God in their lives and submit to Gods authority the supreme purpose of their lives. This is demonstrated by faithful participation in corporate and individual worship. Worship is the key ingredient for the life of the church. In fact, we were created to worship.
Fellowship is the mutual sharing of the life of Christ among believers because of the commonality in Christ. It is our goal to share our mutual life as family members in the body of Christ through the local church. The church is the place where believers are members of one another, where they are devoted to one another, where they honor one another, where they have the same mind of one another, where they accept one another, where they greet one another, and serve one another. It's our goal to promote true fellowship, which occurs when what is preached from the pulpit is happening among the members in the pews.
It's our goal that each member grows in biblical literacy and its application in their lives. Participation in Christian Education through New members' class, Discipleship classes, Sunday school is expected of our members. It's critical for believers to be educated in order to fight spiritual battles through biblical knowledge.
It is our goal that each member serve in one area of ministry of the church, so as to further the ministry of NHCF both internally to our membership for the building up the local body, and externally to the community and world for the salvation of soul and the bettering of society.


If I were to start describing or listing all subject areas that can fall under the category of humanities, the list would be a very long one. It just so broad, so much that attempting to cover an unspecified humanities paper topic would have disastrous consequences as long as quality is concerned. Such a paper requires very good skills in both writing and communicating in the selected language. It also requires that the writer have the right knowledge and writing skills.
Due to the many instances that require me to write humanities papers in campus, I have had to do an extensive study on what is required in such papers. Here are the guidelines I use.
Narrow focus of the paper – I never attempt to cover broad topics. As I said earlier, any attempt to handle a broad topic is very much advised against.
Understanding the requirement – The topic to any academic writing paper is a preferably 13 words maximum. That one sentence is supposed to cover all that will be handled in the rest of the paper. Here, I prefer to have as much guidance as I can get from my instructor. From there, I download samples of the same from humanities paper online writing sites.
Short sentences – If anything, long sentences work by getting the reader bored. I prefer using the basic SVO sentence structure. In any case that I have used long sentences, I always include the correct punctuations.
General academic paper format – You will notice that most academic papers follow the introduction, body and conclusion format. In a humanities paper, I prefer to follow the same format. For one, the format helps introduce and develop my ideas accordingly.
Various arguments angles – Remember what I said about humanities studies covering broad topics? It has the advantage, one that a writer can use different angles of arguments. Here, I employ different arguing methods that have been developed for the various subject areas available today.
Online humanities paper help services allow me to submit my assignments in time.
I am able to revise for my other exam assignments, while still at the same time get my paper written for me.
I do not have to worry about careless crafted papers. Genuine humanities paper writing services ensure that such papers have been handled by professionals. Since such professionals have been handling rela6ed papers for long, I will be assured of best quality papers.
It is cheap, compared to all the consequences that would follow a poorly written paper.
There are very many options to choose from. This is in terms of writing and payment methods. Such sites and services providers also offer a learning platform, where I can learn the new and popular trends in humanities.
Students Guide to Writing a Biology Paper – Biology Paper Writing Help.
CSE Paper Formatting – Online and Professional CSE Paper Writing Services.


We are a Small Family run Private hire taxi business in the central belt of Scotland Stirling.
We have been operating since 2008 with a wealth of knowledge of the area, we strive to offer a prompt and prestige service to our new and existing clientele.
with our fleet of cars whether it be a run to the local train station or public house or an airport run or golf trip we cater for all occasion.


We arrived in Connecticut last week, and have been making ourselves at home. There's a lot to do, moving across the country: registering to vote, changing car registration, updating addresses, finding jobs and more. We've made a nice long list, and we're slowly checking things off.
The drive was, with the exception of a few mishaps along the way, an absolute blast. I got to run along the Grand Canyon, we biked the strip in Las Vegas, Dan went diving in Florida, and so much more. We also got a much better sense of what we're looking for in a home.
My teammates drove south to Oklahoma just before we arrived for a winter training trip. We're using the time to settle into an empty house. It's also a great opportunity to wake up my body after two weeks in the car! Although I did a fair amount of exercise on the road, it was nowhere near the volume I put in this December. Most of it was running and biking, so erging again was a shock. My numbers are slowly approaching their pre-trip levels.
Expect more regular updates soon, as we settle in, stock a pantry, get jobs and more!


text:
by artwork
by exhibition
Random feels familiar
Instances of fixed proportions
Limiting Entropy
Nothing is Abstract
Almost illegible
Parts of You Are Dying, 2013
Die Sektions, 2012
Face Value, 2012
Finding Arthur Wicks, 2011
Porosensibility, 2008
Artbank
Limiting Entropy, 2017
Lachlan Brown and Tony Curran at ANCA Gallery, Canberra
A call and response collaboration between painter and poet aims to wrangle the wanton destruction that results when the worlds of image and text collide. Like any collision, in which both systems are usually injured (if not destroyed), this exhibition shows the process of a collaboration where two ways of working are merged to create a third world made of symbiotic forms – the 14 line sonnet and the 4:3 rectangle.
Limiting Entropy is a collaboration between artist Tony Curran and poet Lachlan Brown that began in 2015 as a casual experiment in ekphrasis. Since that time the poet and painter have been increasingly interested in the relationship between image and text, textual imagery, visual signs, and the potential musicality of both art forms. The process could be compared to an artistic kind of sparring, the punch and counterpunch of the ring session. But the process has also been a lot like two musicians trading lines in a jazz tune, putting their technical/aesthetic/creative chops to the test, taking fragments of one another's melodies and stretching them out into new possibilities. In this sense Limiting Entropy combines the rigour of training with the fizzing joy that comes from artistic improvisation.
The title of the exhibition, Limiting Entropy, arises out of Curran and Brown's attempts to wrestle some aesthetic and poetic consistency from the explosions of strangeness that resulted from the alchemy of image and text. Unbeknown to each other, both artists set up defined systems for their making that yielded both a sense of structure and the capacity for near infinite variability. Curran's images all stem from digital life drawings, which have then been fragmented piece by piece. The fragments are then loaded into a digital database and program titled The unconscious is a rectangle and remixed to produce new forms of narrative and abstract paintings. As this database builds the images have grown more complex and included more figurative forms. Brown, on the other hand, has composed a series of 14 line sonnets, taking on the weight of the form's poetic history and its stringent technical demands. However, by selectively engaging with (or even ignoring) some of sonnet's poetic rules, Brown shows the sonnet to be agile and surprisingly generative.
The exhibition is a snapshot of an ongoing collaboration. It presents a linear sequence of work as it has formalised into a self-generating call and response system of making. The exhibition aims to showcase this call and response throughout with a series of oil paintings sitting between stacks of printed poems. It also uses screen-based programmed works which invite the viewer into the ekphrastic process.
Limited Entropy, 2017 from Tony Curran on Vimeo.
This site is copyright of Tony Curran


Chameleon Business Media Ltd, publishers of Glass Worldwide and joint organisers of GlassPrint, are pleased to announce the successful relaunch of the Annual Directory of Suppliers issue being published in association with OGIS GmbH, providers of www.glassglobal.com.
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text:
<title>ModelFactory howto: 50 ways to make your models</title>
<link href="../styles/doc.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">

50 ways to make your models

author: Chris Dollin

version: 1.2, Jena 2.5+, January 2007

introduction

Jena has become a moderately complicated system, with several different kinds
of Model and ways of constructing them. This note describes the
Jena 2 ModelFactory, your one-stop shop for creating Jena models.
ModelFactory lives in com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model,
which you will import anyway to do anything with models.

Most of ModelFactory methods have been around for a while now,
but Jena 2.5's ModelFactory contains methods that use the Assembler
API which appeared in Jena 2.4, which allows models to be created according
to RDF descriptions that can be programmatically constructed or read in from
external resources such as configuration files.
(This API replaces the old
ModelSpec API, which had proved unsatisfactory.)

This note is an introduction, not an exhaustive description. As usual
consult the Javadoc for details of the methods and classes to use.

simple model creation

The simplest way to create a model (if not the shortest) is to call
ModelFactory.createDefaultModel(). This [by default] delivers a
plain RDF model, stored in-memory, that does no inference and has no special
ontology interface.

ModelMakers

Plain models can be given names which allows them to be "saved" and looked up by
name later. This is handled by implementations of the interface
ModelMaker; each ModelMaker produces Models of the
same kind. The simplest kind of ModelMaker is a memory model
maker, which you get by calling
ModelFactory.createMemModelMaker(). The methods you'd want to use
to start with on a ModelMaker are:

createModel(String): create a model with the given name in
the ModelMaker. If a model with that name already exists, then that model is
used instead.

openModel(String): open an existing model with the given
name. If no such model exists, create a new empty one and give it that name.

[createModel(String) and openModel(String) behave in the same way, but each
has a two-argument form for which the behaviour is different. Use whichever
one best fits your intention.]

createModel(): create a fresh anonymous model.

getModel(): each ModelMaker has a default
model; this method returns that model.

There are other methods, for removing models, additional control over create
vs open, closing the maker, and looking names up; for those consult the
ModelMaker
javadoc.

file-based models

The method ModelFactory.createFileModelMaker(String) returns a
ModelMaker which attaches models to filing-system files. The
String argument is the fileBase. When a file-ModelMaker
opens a file, it reads it from a file in the directory named by the fileBase;
when the model is closed (and only then, in the current
implementation), the contents of the model are written back to the file.

Because the names of models in a modelMaker can be arbitrary character
strings, in particular URIs, they are translated slightly to avoid confusion
with significant characters of common filing systems. In the current
implementation,

 colon : is converted to _C

 slash / is converted to _S

 underbar _ is converted to _U

reification styles

Jena models have different reification styles, which are described in
more detail in the reification howto.
ModelFactory provides constants for those styles:

ModelFactory.Standard

ModelFactory.Convenient

ModelFactory.Minimal

And methods corresponding to those already discussed:

ModelFactory.createDefaultModel(style) creates a default
    model with the specified reification style.

ModelFactory.createMemModelMaker(style) creates a ModelMaker
    that creates memory models with the specified reification style.

ModelFactory.createFileModelMaker(root,style)
 creates
    a ModelMaker that creates file-associated models with the specified reification
    style.

Reification styles also appear in other Modelfactory methods, although they are
not required. We shall not discuss them further in this document; consult the
Javadoc for appropriate details.

database model creation

Jena allows models to be created within databases. For an extensive discussion
of the available options and controls, see the database
howto documents. The current ModelFactory interface only provides simple
access to database model creation.

ModelFactory creation of models takes place through RDB ModelMakers:

createModelRDBMaker(IDBConnection c)

delivers a ModelMaker that makes (or finds) models by name in the Jena model
database attached to the connection c. Models from an RDB maker
are "just like" memory-based models, except that they can be much larger, are
likely to be significantly slower, and persist over application termination.

The connection can be created in two ways:

ModelFactory.createSimpleRDBConnection(url,user,pass,type):
    creates a connection to the database with the given JDBC url, the given user
    and password, and the database type.

ModelFactory.createSimpleRDBConnection(): creates
    a connection to the database, taking the URL from the system property jena.db.url,
    the user name from jena.db.user, the password from jena.db.password,
    and the database type from jena.db.type.

Details of these fields can be found in the database documentation, as well as
direct ways to construct connections if required, and additional operations on
RDB Models that may be useful.

legacy DAML models

The method createDAMLModel() creates a DAML Model using the
legacy DAML interface. This method is only provided for backward compatability.
 New development should use the Ontology API and OWL instead of DAML.
We strongly encourage users to switch from the legacy API.

inference model creation

An important feature of Jena 2 is support for different kinds of inference over
RDF-based models (used for RDFS, OWL, and DAML). Inference models are constructed
by applying reasoners to base models and optionally schema.
The statements deduced by the reasoner from the base model then appear in the
inferred model alongside the statements from the base model itself.

RDFS reasoning is directly available:

createRDFSModel(Model base) creates an inference model over the
    base model using the built-in RDFS inference rules and any RDFS statements
    in the base model.

createRDFSModel(Model schema, Model base) creates an RDFS
    inference model from the base model and the supplied schema model. The advantage
    of supplying the schema separately is that the reasoner may be able to compute
    useful information in advance on the assumption that the schema won't change,
    or at least not change as often as the base model.

It's possible to use other reasoning systems than RDFS. For these a Reasoner is
required:

createInfModel(Reasoner reasoner, Model base) creates
    an inference model using the rules of reasoner over the
    model base.

createInfModel(Reasoner reasoner, Model schema, Model base)
    Just as for the RDFS case, the schema may be supplied separately to allow the
    reasoner to digest them before working on the model.

Ah, but from where do you fetch your reasoners? From the reasoner registry,
the class
ReasonerRegistry. This allows reasoners to be looked up by name, but also
provides some predefined access methods for well-know reasoners:

getOWLReasoner(): the reasoner used for OWL inference

getRDFSReasoner(): the reasoner used for RDFS inference

getTransitiveReasoner(): a reasoner for doing subclass and
    supproperty closure.

ontology model creation

An ontology model is one that presents RDF as an ontology - classes,
individuals, different kinds of properties, and so forth. Jena supports RDFS, OWL,
and DAML ontologies through profiles. There is extensive documentation
on Jena's ontology support, so all we'll
do here is summarise the creation methods.

createOntologyModel() Creates an ontology model
    which is in-memory and presents OWL ontologies.

createOntologyModel(OntModelSpec spec, Model base) Creates an
    ontology model according the
    OntModelSpec spec which presents the ontology of base.

createOntologyModel(OntModelSpec spec, ModelMaker maker, Model base)
    Creates an OWL ontology model according to the spec over the
    base model. If the ontology model needs to construct additional
    models (for OWL imports), use the ModelMaker to create them.
    [The previous method will construct a MemModelMaker for this.]

And where do OntModelSpecs come from? There's a cluster of constants
in the class which provide for common uses; to name but three:

OntModelSpec.OWL_MEM_RDFS_INF OWL ontologies, model stored
    in memory, using RDFS entailment only

OntModelSpec.RDFS_MEM RDFS ontologies, in memory, but doing
    no additional inferences

OntModelSpec.OWL_DL_MEM_RULE_INF OWL ontologies, in memory,
    with the full OWL Lite inference

creating models from Assembler descriptions

A new feature of Jena since Jena 2.4 is the use of assembler
descriptions, documented in the
assembler howto.
Access to the assembler system for model creation is provided
by three ModelFactory methods:

assembleModelFrom( Model singleRoot ): assemble
    a Model from the single Model description in singleRoot.
    If there is no such description, or more than one, an exception
    is thrown. If a description has to be selected from more than
    one available candidates, consider using the methods below.

findAssemblerRoots( Model m ): answer a Set
    of all the Resources in m which are of type
    ja:Model, ie descriptions of models to assemble.
    (Note that this will include sub-descriptions of embedded
    models if they are present.)

assembleModelFrom( Resource root ): answer
    a Model assembled according to the description hanging
    from root.

Assemblers can construct other things as well as models,
and the Assembler system is user-extensible: see the howto
for details.

Hodgepodge

Finally, ModelFactory contains a hodgepodge of methods
for some special cases not conveniently dealt with elsewhere.

createModelForGraph(Graph g) is used when an advanced
user with access to the Jena SPI has constructed or obtained a Graph
and wishes to present it as a model. This method wraps the graph up as
a plain model. Alterations to the graph are visible in the model, and
vice versa.

withHiddenStatements(Model) returns a new Model in which
any reification quadlets (see the reification howto) that may be hidden
in the base model are exposed in the result. It may return the base model,
if it does not hide quadlets. This is useful if you want to see all the
statements of the model as they will appear in a serialisation.


text:
Sharing my thoughts with the world from a Particular Baptist perspective
Other Blogs I Recommend
Muslim Militants Slay Long-Time Christian in Somalia
Posted on September 19, 2009 by particularkev
Al Shabaab extremists shoot 69-year-old after finding Bibles on him at checkpoint.
NAIROBI, Kenya, September 18 (CDN) — The faith journey of a long-time underground Christian in Somalia ended in tragedy this week when Islamic militants controlling a security checkpoint killed him after finding Bibles in his possession.
Militants from the Muslim extremist al Shabaab killed 69-year-old Omar Khalafe on Tuesday (Sept. 15) at a checkpoint they controlled 10 kilometers from Merca, a Christian source told Compass. A port city on the Indian Ocean 70 kilometers (45 miles) from Mogadishu, Merca is the main city of the Lower Shabele region.
Leaving Mogadishu by bus at 7:30 a.m., Khalafe was carrying 25 Somali Bibles he hoped to deliver to an underground fellowship in Somalia. By 10:30 a.m. he had arrived at the checkpoint controlled by al Shabaab, a rebel group linked with al Qaeda that has taken over large parts of the war-torn country.
A source in Somalia who spoke on condition of anonymity told Compass that the passengers were ordered to disembark from the bus for inspection. The Islamic militants found 25 Somali Bibles in one of the passengers' bags; when they asked to whom the Bibles belonged, the passengers responded with a chilled silence.
As the search continued, the militants found several photos in the bag. The source told Compass that the militants began trying to match the photos with the faces of the passengers, who were all seized by fear as they knew the inevitable fate of the owner.
The Islamic extremists saw that the elderly Khalafe resembled a face in one of the photos, the source said. They asked Khalafe if he was the owner of the Bibles; he kept quiet. They shot him to death.
Khalafe had been a Christian for 45 years, sources said.
The body was taken to Merca, according to the source, and there the al Shabaab militants placed the 25 Somali Bibles on top of Khalafe's body as a warning to others.
Christian sources said that at 4 p.m. an al shabaab militant was heard saying on Radio Shabele, "Today we caught Omar, a Somali Christian, with 25 Bibles at Merca checkpoint. He has been converting Somalis to Christianity, and today he has been shot dead at 12:30 p.m."
Khalafe's family in Mogadishu learned of his death through the radio report, the source said. The family members then contacted a leader of an underground church in Somalia and informed him of the murder.
"The news of the death of Omar shocked me," the underground church leader in Somalia told Compass by telephone. "We have long served Christians in Somalia. It is unfortunate that the Bibles did not reach the intended audience. I am sure if they had not got the picture, our brother would be still alive."
Khalafe was a Somali Bantu who had served with various Christian agencies. Underground church members said he was instrumental in the spread of Christianity and had baptized many converts from Islam in Somalia.
He left behind a widow and seven children. His family was unable to participate in his burial due to the risk of being killed, according to the source, who said one of Khalafe's sons said, "It is unfortunate that we were not there to give our dad a decent burial. God knows how He will reward him."
Already enforcing sharia (Islamic law) in large parts of southern Somalia that they control, al Shabaab rebels have mounted an armed effort to topple President Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed's Transitional Federal Government.
Last month al Shabaab extremists seeking evidence that a Somali man had converted from Islam to Christianity shot him dead near the Somali border with Kenya, according to underground Christians in the war-torn nation. The rebels killed 41-year-old Ahmed Matan in Bulahawa, Somalia on Aug. 18, said Abdikadir Abdi Ismael, a former leader of a secret Christian fellowship in Somalia to which Matan belonged. Matan had been a member of the underground church since 2001.
In Mahadday Weyne, 100 kilometers (62 miles) north of the Somali capital of Mogadishu, al Shabaab Islamists on July 20 shot to death another convert from Islam, Mohammed Sheikh Abdiraman, at 7 a.m., eyewitnesses told Compass. They said the Islamic extremists appeared to have been hunting the convert from Islam.
The sources told Compass that Abdiraman was the leader of an underground "cell group" of Christians in Somalia. He is survived by two children, ages 15 and 10; his wife died three years ago due to illness.
Intent on "cleansing" Somalia of all Christians, al Shabaab militia are monitoring converts from Islam especially where Christian workers had provided medical aid, such as Johar, Jamame, Kismayo and Beledweyne, sources said. Mahadday Weyne, 22 kilometers (14 miles) north of Johar, is the site of a former Christian-run hospital.
The militants reportedly beheaded seven Christians on July 10. Reuters reported that they were killed in Baidoa for being Christians and "spies."
On Feb. 21 al shabaab militants beheaded two young boys in Somalia because their Christian father refused to divulge information about a church leader, according to Musa Mohammed Yusuf, the 55-year-old father who was living in a Kenya refugee camp when he spoke with Compass. He had been the leader of an underground church in Yonday village, 30 kilometers (19 miles) from Kismayo in Somalia.
Militants from al Shabaab entered Yonday village on Feb. 20, went to Yusuf's house and interrogated him on his relationship with Salat Mberwa, leader of a fellowship of 66 Somali Christians who meet at his home at an undisclosed city. Yusuf told them he knew nothing of Mberwa and had no connection with him. The Islamic extremists left but said they would return the next day.
Yusuf fled for Kismayo, and at noon the next day, as his wife was making lunch for their children in Yonday, the al Shabaab militants showed up. Batula Ali Arbow, Yusuf's wife, said the Islamic extremists took hold of three of her sons – 11-year-old Abdi Rahaman Musa Yusuf, 12-year-old Hussein Musa Yusuf and Abdulahi Musa Yusuf, 7.
They killed the two older boys as the youngest one returned crying to his mother.
Report from Compass Direct News
This entry was posted in al Shabaab, Christianity, Islam, Kenya, Somalia and tagged Abdi Rahaman Musa Yusuf, Abdikadir Abdi Ismael, Abdulahi Musa Yusuf, agencies, Ahmed Matan, aid, Al Qaeda, al Shabaab, alive, anonymity, appeared, armed, arrived, audience, bags, Baidoa, baptized, Batula Ali Arbow, beheaded, behind, Beledweyne, belonged, Bibles, body, border, boys, brother, Bulahawa, burial, bus, camp, capital, carrying, caught, cell, checkpoint, children, chilled, Christian, Christianity, Christians, church, city, cleansing, condition, connection, contacted, continued, control, controlling, converting, converts, country, crying, dad, dead, death, decent, deliver, disembark, divulge, effort, elderly, ended, enforcing, entered, evidence, extremists, eyewitnesses, faces, faith, family, fate, Father, fear, fellowship, finding, fled, former, God, group, heard, hoped, hospital, house, hunting, Hussein Musa Yusuf, illness, Indian Ocean, inevitable, information, informed, inspection, instrumental, intended, intent, interrogated, Islam, Islamic, Islamists, Jamame, Johar, journey, Kenya, killed, Kismayo, knew, large, law, leader, learned, leaving, linked, living, long-time, Lower Shabele, lunch, Mahadday Weyne, main, match, medical, members, Merca, militants, militia, Mogadishu, Mohammed Sheikh Abdiraman, monitoring, mother, mounted, murder, Musa Mohammed Yusuf, Muslim, muslims, nation, news, north, older, Omar Khalafe, ordered, owner, participate, parts, passengers, Persecution, photos, picture, port, possession, President, provided, quiet, Radio Shabele, reach, rebel, refugee, refused, region, relationship, report, resembled, responded, returned, Reuters, reward, risk, Salat Mberwa, saying, search, secret, security, seeking, seized, served, Sharia, Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, shocked, shoot, shot, silence, site, slay, Somali, Somali Bantu, Somalia, sons, source, southern, spies, spoke, spread, survived, topple, tragedy, Transitional Federal Government, unable, underground, undisclosed, unfortunate, various, village, war-torn, warning, widow, workers, Yonday, youngest. Bookmark the permalink.
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Pizza sales are skyrocketing, so why aren't you getting a slice of the pie?
Tourists will drive out of their way to find it. Oenophiles ask for it with a pricey bottle of cabernet. Kids will dig into it, and their grandparents will steal bites, too. If you can make a palatable gluten-free version, you'll find a loyal audience. And it's among the highest profit margin dishes in the business. So, why isn't pizza on every menu?
Despite a simple combination of minimally manipulated ingredients, pizza has become intimidating. America beatifies its pizza idols: Chris Bianco, Thomas McNaughton, Nancy Silverton. Diners worship at the marinara-stained altar of Roberta's, Frank Pepe's and whichever of New York Patsy's is glorified among its true believers.
Devotees will also fight to the finish over which style is best: deep dish, New York, Neapolitan, cracker crust, East Coast Greek? Squares or wedges?
Still, it doesn't take a master pizzaiolo to make an honest, profitable and completely satisfying pie.
"Pizza is really important to food cost...I don't think we want to sell all pizza but we feel it's a really profitable item."
Chefs across the country are making humble pizzas shine at trattorias, wine bars and farm-to-table bistros. Beneath the layers of mozzarella and hype, tossing a contemporary pizza is easy under the latest pizza regime.
When Andrew Wilson took over Carneros Bistro and Wine Bar in 2011, the Sonoma, Calif., kitchen wasn't cooking for the locals, even though they made up 30 to 70 percent of the resort's business, depending on the season.
Wilson spent a few nights listening to regulars at the bar and repeatedly heard the same request: off-menu pizzas. "We started keeping a journal of the custom pies that the pizza guys were baking for them, which were popular and tasted really good," he says.
Use pizza as a low-cost introduction.
Despite its local and seasonal focus, The Turtle Restaurant in Brownwood, Texas, isn't in the proper location to introduce foreign dishes or upsell premium ingredients. "Our restaurant is in the middle of Texas. We have extraordinarily conservative eaters out here," Chef Mary Stanley says.
That is, until customers started ordering more off the menu, regarding pizza as an appetizer.
Not all kitchens are created equal. Brandon Wolff, chef at the recently opened Tre Soldi trattoria and pizzeria in Chicago, advises other chefs and owners to know their style of pizza and make sure their staff can execute a consistent pie.
Pizza is a blank canvas with endless opportunities to push certain ingredients that customers might not otherwise order. Everything from local Dungeness crab to kale bolognese is fair game—and can come with a premium price tag.
Joel Wabeke of Terra GR, a casual, farm-focused restaurant in Grand Rapids, Mich., says it's less expensive for his team to make sausages using whole animals and vegetable toppings from locally grown produce. It's also a quality that his clientele values.
At Carneros Bistro, Wilson has found that customers are willing to pay an extra dollar for seasonal heirloom tomatoes on a margherita pizza.
Most people already love pizza, so chefs are wary of turning them off with complicated descriptions. Stanley knows that even when she's using an Italian-style sausage or trying out a special sauce, it's important to keep terminology approachable.
That's why regulars often refer to her prosciutto and rocket pie as "the salad pizza." With no separate children's menu, The Turtle Restaurant eases kids into the adult menu with simpler pies topped with gorgonzola and Parmesan.
While pizza's cult following always has room for new converts and even some stuffed-crust-loving heretics, chefs who have perfected their pies share a similar mantra: keep the ingredients simple and fresh.
"There's really no excuse to make bad pizza," Stanley says.
Kate Bernot, nightlife editor at RedEye Chicago, is always up for a late-night pizza.
Flatbread: Pizza's cousin, flatbreads offer the same blank canvas to showcase ingredients. They can be freer in shape and seem less out of place on a Mediterranean or rustic farm-to-table menu.
If making gluten-free dough is too time consuming or poses a contamination risk, find a local bakery to supply it. Even if you sell the pie at cost, you've likely gained a loyal and grateful customer base that will order other dishes.
While some pizzerias and fast-casual restaurants battle to engineer the most extreme pizza toppings, many are scaling back. A no-fuss, high-quality tomato, basil and mozzarella pie likely will be your top seller.
Neapolitan was the buzz pie for years, but larger restaurants may have trouble delivering a consistent pie with such a wet dough. The Roman pie, a thin-but-not-cracker crust with a slight chew and golden edges, is more structured and travels well.


'80s R n B legend, James Ingram has passed away from brain cancer.
The Grammy award winner died at the age of 66. His influence spans across generations with his songwriting from prominent artists like Ray Charles and Michael Jackson on top of his own hits.
His collaboration with Patti Austin, "Baby Come To Me," may be the most popular of his chart-topping catalog.
Celebrities have taken out time to mourn Ingram's passing with condolence messages, including his longtime friend Debbie Allen.