text:
About Killian Mc Grath
Occupational First Aid
CPR & Defibrillation
Safety Harness – Work at Height
Safety Consultancy
Safety Statement
Safety & Health Plans
Method Statements
Safety Consultant
Safety Officer Placement
Upcoming Training Dates
Certification Copy Request Refund Policy
Online Booking and Payment Terms and Conditions
Certification Copy Request
HSA Launch series of videos aimed at farm safety
Southsafe–Health & Safety News– March 22, 2012 January 29, 2013
HSA Press Release Monday 5th March
The number of fatal and serious accidents that have occurred in Agriculture over the last number of years has been shocking and disproportionately high. This year the Health and Safety Authority's inspection and awareness activities will be aiming to foster a strong safety culture in Agriculture from within the farming community itself. This is a potentially high impact way to achieve a sustained reduction in the number of tragic deaths and life changing injuries.
Accidents resulting in death are the most serious and tragic of all, but every year many accidents occur that result in serious injury and long-term disability. These accidents receive less attention but the effects can be devastating for those involved and their families.
With that in mind, the Health and Safety Authority with the assistance of the Farm Safety Partnership and Macra Na Feirme has created a series of testimonials, available on DVD and online, called Survivor Stories where real farmers tell their stories about accidents that happened to them and the effects on their families and friends.
Pat Griffin Senior Inspector with the Health and Safety Authority says, "The experiences of the farmers in these testimonials are harrowing but there is something that is apparent throughout these stories, there is a resilience and sense of community that is very strong amongst farmers. These farmers have bravely told their stories so that others can learn from their experiences and avoid the same fate."
Pat Griffin continued, "We will be making these DVD's available to training providers and representative bodies so that they can be shown to farmers at various meetings and discussions groups with the purpose of creating discussion and raising awareness."
The HSA has used research to identify that while most farmers understand the hazards of farming, they perceive their own farm as being safe. Many think it won't happen to them, but when an accident does happen it can take many years, if ever, to recover.
The stories can be viewed online at www.hsa.ie/farmaccidents on YouTube at www.youtube.com/user/farmaccidents and on the farm accidents Facebook page www.facebook.com/FarmAccidents.
Tags Health & Safety Health & Safety Authority HSA Killian Mc Grath Safety Southsafe
HSA to host a series of Breakfast Briefings
HSE UK – Health & Safety Newsletter March 2012
One comment on "HSA Launch series of videos aimed at farm safety"
Cryoglobulins says:
I conceive this web site has got some really excellent information for everyone : D.
Book a Place on one of our public courses
Safe Pass Waterford
Saturday Safe Pass


Mount Pleasant East is located in Central Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Mount Pleasant Cemetery is the final resting place of one of the Father's of our Confederation William Lyon Mackenzie King and features miles of walking paths, fountains, statues and botanical gardens. The residents of this midtown Toronto neighbourhood are as swanky as the graveyard to the south. Renowned schools such as private Sunnybrook and Maurice Cody Public School require upwardly mobile double-income families in order to live comfortably and afford these types of tuitions. Two-storey semis range upwards of $700,000 and detached 1920 brick homes are nestled amongst mansions in excess of $2 million.


text:
Reality: U.S. immigration system considered 'lax'
The Washington Times cited CEI's annual dinner, giving details about the theme, speakers, and entertainment for the night.
It's a big night for the Competitive Enterprise Institute, which stages its annual dinner at a swanky hotel a few blocks from the White House on Thursday. The theme: "Freedom: The Greatest Show on Earth." The master of ceremonies is National Review columnist Jonah Goldberg, the keynote speaker is none other than Mick Mulvaney, director of the White House Office of Management and Budget.
The event features a true big-top theme this year a source says — with spirited dcor plus a carnival-themed after-party with a circus performer and other specialized entertainment, tempting candy apples and popcorn.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


NEW YORK (CNNMoney.com) -- Balancing state budgets these days is tough enough. But more than a dozen governors have promised to do it without raising taxes.
These state chiefs, nine of whom were elected two weeks ago, will have little choice but to slash spending in order to bring their budgets in line, experts say. All of them are Republican, save for New York's Gov.-elect Andrew Cuomo.
While left-leaning advocates fear that the vulnerable will lose their safety nets, their GOP counterparts see the Republican landslide as an opportunity to overhaul state services.
"We'll see sincere dialogue on the role and function of state government and what its priorities should be," said Patrick Gleason, director of state affairs for the Americans for Tax Reform. Governors will "have to make some tough cuts."
Not surprisingly, most winning candidates were long on promises but short on specifics. Many said they would rightsize state governments, but didn't explain how they'd do it.
And even if they've dispatched the Democrats standing in their way, they still have to deal with powerful public employee unions. Some bargaining groups are agreeing to concessions over salary and benefits. But others are not, which governors say force them to make layoffs and deeper budget cuts.
The tug-of-war between raising taxes or cutting spending has been waged for the past three years, as the Great Recession decimated tax revenues.
Since Democrats had control over 16 governor's mansions and statehouses in 2010, they favored raising taxes to spare devastating cuts to state programs. States have increased taxes by more than $32 billion over the past two years, said Todd Haggerty, policy associate at the National Conference of State Legislatures.
But Tuesday's election led to a stunning reversal of control. Republicans will now run 20 states, up from only nine. The GOP also captured more than 675 seats in state legislatures.
These newly elected officials, along with the incumbents, are staring at budget gaps totaling least $72 billion for fiscal 2012, which starts in July in most states, according to the state legislatures group.
Not only do tax revenues have yet to recover, but states must contend with the end of federal stimulus assistance for Medicaid, certain education expenses and other safety net programs.
Ohio Gov.-elect John Kasich pledged during his campaign that he would reduce taxes. His answer to solving the budget problem is to make the state more business-friendly, which will result in greater revenues.
Kasich also wants to reduce the size of the state government by reforming programs and shedding those that don't work, said his press secretary, Rob Nichols. Though he didn't provide many specifics, Nichols said everything would be examined.
The governor-elect said the election gave him a mandate to overhaul state services. He will have to tackle a budget gap is estimated to be between $4 billion and $10 billion.
"We took a step forward to shrinking government and making it better," Kasich said in his acceptance speech. "Ohio has said it wants to run our state in a new way."
In Pennsylvania, Gov-elect Tom Corbett has called for reducing state administrative operations by 10% and for cutting the state automotive fleet by 20%, which would save $140 million over 10 years. He also wants to eliminate per diems given to certain state workers and require all elected officials to contribute to their health care coverage.
0:00 /5:26Texas governor fed up with D.C.
Republicans now control the governor's mansion and both houses, ousting Democrats who ran all three. They will have their work cut out for them since they are facing a budget gap of at least $2.4 billion and Corbett has promised not to raise taxes.
"We have the opportunity to bring fiscal discipline to Pennsylvania, to bring limited government and to bring free enterprise to Pennsylvania," Corbett said in his acceptance speech.
Republicans, however, aren't the only ones calling for a freeze in tax hikes. New York Gov.-elect Andrew Cuomo has also pledged not to raise corporate or personal taxes or sales taxes, even though the state is facing a $10 billion deficit. He also wants to put a ceiling on local property tax increases.
To get the Empire State's fiscal house in order, Cuomo said he would freeze salary increases for state employees and impose a cap on state spending. He would also reduce the number of state agencies, commissions and authorities by at least 20% through consolidation or elimination.
He also wants to take over the administration of Medicaid from the counties, in hopes of better controlling participants' use of the program. And Cuomo wants to reduce ever-escalating pension costs by providing less generous benefits to new hires.
The governor-elect also wants to boost job growth by providing a $3,000 tax break for companies who hire the unemployed and by reducing the cost of doing business in the state.
"We can't raise taxes because we will never attract jobs if New York is the tax capital of the nation," he said in a video address last week.


text:
Q: Fibonnaci sequence Golden ratio in R I try to program a fibonacci sequence, which stops after the division of a Fibonacci number divided by its immediate predecessor approximates the Golden Ratio with less than 0.001 difference. However, the code below doesn't seem to be working and don't know why. Thanks in advance!
GoldenRatio=(1+sqrt(5))/2
i=3
fib=c(1,1)
while(fib[i-1]/fib[i-2]-GoldenRatio>0.001){
fib[i] <- fib[i-1]+fib[i-2]
i=i+1}
print(fib)
length(fib)

A: Try this:
GoldenRatio=(1+sqrt(5))/2
# 1.618034
i=3
fib=c(1,1)
while(abs(fib[i-1]/fib[i-2]-GoldenRatio)>0.001){
  fib[i] <- fib[i-1]+fib[i-2]
  i=i+1
}
print(fib)
# [1]  1  1  2  3  5  8 13 21 34 55
length(fib)
# [1] 10
print(i)
# 11
print(fib[i-1]/fib[i-2])
# [1] 1.617647
print(abs(fib[i-1]/fib[i-2] - GoldenRatio))
# [1] 0.0003869299

Also, as we can see from below, convergence is obtained quite fast:
fib=c(1,1)
ratio <- c()
for (i in 3:20) {
  ratio <- c(ratio, fib[i-1]/fib[i-2])
  fib[i] <- fib[i-1]+fib[i-2]
  i=i+1
}
plot(ratio, pch=19,col='red')
lines(ratio, pch=19,col='red')
abline(h=GoldenRatio, col='blue')
legend('topright', legend=c('f(i)/f(i+1)', 'GoldenRatio'), col=c('red', 'blue'), lwd=2)

A: Compare the absolute difference
GoldenRatio = (1+sqrt(5))/2
i = 3
fib = c(1,1)
while ( abs(fib[i-1]/fib[i-2] - GoldenRatio) > 0.001) {
    fib[i] <- fib[i-1] + fib[i-2]
    i = i+1
    }
print(fib)
length(fib)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
New Drug Reviews
Olmesartan (Benicar) for Hypertension
KRISTINA E. WARD, PHARM.D., and ANNE L. HUME, PHARM.D., B.C.P.S., University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy, Kingston, Rhode Island
Olmesartan (Benicar) is an angiotensin-II receptor blocker (ARB) labeled for the treatment of hypertension as monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. Olmesartan blocks the binding of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, to angiotensin type 1(AT1) receptors located in vascular smooth muscle.1
Starting dosage
Dose form
Approximate monthly cost*
Olmesartan (Benicar)
5-mg, 20-mg, or 40-mg tablet
*—Average wholesale cost, based on Red Book, Montvale, N.J.: Medical Economics Data, 2005.
No serious safety issues were reported with olmesartan in clinical trials. The safety record of olmesartan was similar to placebo in seven randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II and III trials that included 2,540 patients with hypertension.2 Adverse effects were reported in 42.2 percent and 42.7 percent of olmesartan-treated patients and placebo-treated patients, respectively. Olmesartan may cause hypotension and acute renal failure in patients who are sodium-or volume-depleted or whose renal perfusion is dependent on the renin-angiotensin system. Like all ARBs, olmesartan may precipitate acute renal failure in patients with renal artery stenosis. Significant hyperkalemia has not been reported with olmesartan, although it is possible, especially in patients with other risk factors for hyperkalemia. Of 3,825 patients treated with olmesartan during clinical trials, five reported angioedema.1 It is not known whether patients who have developed angioedema with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or other ARBs have an increased risk of developing this side effect with olmesartan. No dosage adjustments are needed in older patients or in patients with moderate to marked hepatic or renal impairment. As with other ARBs, olmesartan is U.S. Food and Drug Administration category C during the first trimester of pregnancy and category D during the second and third trimesters.1 In rare instances, angioedema and rhabdomyolysis from olmesartan have been reported in postmarketing surveillance.1
Tolerability
Olmesartan generally is well tolerated. In clinical trials, dizziness occurred in 2.8 percent of olmesartan-treated patients and in 0.9 percent of placebo-treated patients.2 In a study3 comparing olmesartan to other ARBs, the incidence of dizziness was similar in olmesartan (1.4 percent), losartan (Cozaar; 0.7 percent), valsartan (Diovan; 1.4 percent), and irbesartan (Avapro; 3.4 percent). Headache was reported by 1.3 percent of patients receiving olmesartan and 2.5 percent receiving candesartan (Atacand).4 As with other ARBs, the incidence of cough with olmesartan is comparable to that with placebo (0.9 and 0.7 percent, respectively).1
Short-term studies have shown that blood pressure control with olmesartan is similar to that achieved with other ARBs or amlodipine (Norvasc). Olmesartan in a dosage of 20 mg produces an average drop in diastolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg and a comparable reduction in systolic blood pressure; this is in line with the reductions effected by equivalent dosages of other ARBs,3,4 or a 5-mg dosage of amlodipine.5 Olmesartan has been studied in combination with hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix) and has been found to produce an average additional diastolic blood pressure lowering of 7 to 10 mm Hg (with 20 mg or 40 mg olmesartan, respectively) compared with hydrochlorothiazide alone.6
Olmesartan has not been evaluated for the treatment of patients with heart failure or diabetic nephropathy. Although ARBs have been shown to decrease recurrent stroke in hypertensive patients,7 and mortality and morbidity in patients with hypertension accompanied by left ventricular hypertrophy,8 no studies have been performed to determine the effect of olmesartan on morbidity and mortality in patients with uncomplicated hypertension.
A one-month supply of Benicar in 20-mg tablets costs approximately $54, which is comparable to the price of other ARBs. Unlike other ARBs, however, the 5-mg, 20-mg, and 40-mg tablets of Benicar are similarly priced, which may be advantageous for self-paying patients.
The recommended starting dosage of olmesartan is 20 mg daily, taken with or without food. If blood pressure control is inadequate after two weeks, the dosage may be increased to a maximum of 40 mg daily. Dosages above 40 mg daily do not provide additional benefit. For patients who may be at risk for volume- or salt-depletion, such as those who have renal impairment and receive diuretics, a lower starting dosage is suggested. Olmesartan is available in 5-mg tablets if needed for dose reductions.
Olmesartan is a safe and effective antihypertensive agent. There is no evidence that olmesartan is more effective than other ARBs or ACE inhibitors. The longest peer-reviewed studies of olmesartan are of two months' duration; thus, there is no evidence showing olmesartan's long-term benefit for cardiovascular or all-cause mortality. Because of its greater expense and lack of proven benefit over ACE inhibitors, olmesartan should be considered a second-line agent for hypertension except in patients who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors.
show all author info
KRISTINA E. WARD, PHARM.D., is a clinical assistant professor and Director of Drug Information Services at the University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy, Kingston, R.I....
ANNE L. HUME, PHARM.D., B.C.P.S., is a professor at the University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy, and adjunct professor of family medicine at the Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, R.I.
1. Benicar tablets (olmesartan medoxomil).Package insert. Sankyo, March 2003. Accessed online July 25, 2005, at:http://www.benicar.com/pdf/fullPI.pdf....
2. Neutel JM. Clinical studies of CS–866, the newest angiotensin II receptor antagonist Am J Cardiol. 2001;87(suppl):37C–43C.
3. Oparil S, Williams D, Chrysant SG, Marbury TC, Neutel J. Comparative efficacy of olmesartan, losartan, valsartan, and irbesartan in the control of essential hypertension [published correction appears in J Clin Hypertens 2001;3:395] J Clin Hypertens. 2001;3:283–91318.
4. Brunner HR, Stumpe KO, Januszewicz A. Antihypertensive efficacy of olmesartan medoxomil and candesartan cilexetil assessed by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in patients with essential hypertension. Clin Drug Invest. 2003;23:419–30.
5. Chrysant SG, Marbury TC, Robinson TD. Antihypertensive efficacy and safety of olmesartan medoxomil compared with amlodipine for mild-to-moderate hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 2003;17:425–32.
6. Chrysant SG, Weber MA, Wang AC, Hinman DJ. Evaluation of antihypertensive therapy with the combination of olmesartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide. Am J Hypertens. 2004;17:252–9.
7. Schrader J, Luders S, Kulschewski A, Berger J, Zidek W, Treib J, et al. The ACCESS Study: evaluation of Acute Candesartan Cilexetil Therapy in Stroke Survivors. Stroke. 2003;34:1699–703.
8. Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, Julius S, Beevers G, de Faire U, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet. 2002;359:995–1003.
STEPS drug updates cover Safety, Tolerability, Effectiveness, Price, and Simplicity. Each update provides an independent review of a new medication by authors who have no financial association with the drug manufacturer.
The series coordinator is Allen F. Shaughnessy, Pharm.D., Tufts University Family Medicine Residency Program, Boston, Mass.
Previous: Annular Lesions
Next: Patient-Choice Cesarean Delivery
Home / Journals / afp / Vol. 72/No. 4(August 15, 2005) / STEPS: Olmesartan (Benicar) for Hypertension


Hyderabad, Apr 4 (UNI) An Assistant Engineer of the Irrigation and Command Development department at Adilabad was caught red handed in his office by the sleuths of the Ant-Corruption Bureau (ACB) when he accepted a bribe of Rs 10,000 for showing an official favour from a person today.
The tainted amount was recovered from Gajjela Narayana (48), who was arrested, a release from the ACB here said.
In another case, Special judge for SPE and ACB cases, Vijayawada, has convicted Ms Teharunnisa Begum, senior assistant and S K Subhani, attender working in the office of the Urban Land Ceiling Guntur recently.
The judge sentenced Tehrunnisa Begum to undergo rigorous imprisonment for one year and slapped a fine of Rs 2,500 under each count and in default to suffer simple imprisonment for three months.
Both the sentences were ordered to run concurrently. The attender Subhani was sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for one year and a fine of Rs 1,000 and in default to undergo simple imprisonment for three months.
The Principal Special Judge for SPE and ACB cases, Hyderabad has convicted N Parameswar, former Divisional Accounts Officer (Works), office of the executive engineer (PH) division Nizamabad district and sentenced him to undergo rigorous imprisonment for one year and to pay a fine of Rs 1,000 and in default to suffer three months simple imprisonment for the offence under section 7 of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, the release added.


text:
Celebs @ club's re-launch party
Last updated on - Aug 23, 2013
/events/mumbai/celebs-clubs-re-launch-party/eventshow/22001254.cms
Chennai Express actor Nikitin Dheer during a club's re-launch party, held in Mumbai, on August 22, 2013.
Chennai Express actor Nikitin Dheer during a club's re-launch party, held in Mumbai, on August 22, 2013. (Pic: Viral Bhayani)
See more of : Nikitin Dheer
Nikitin Dheer
Designer Vikram Phadnis during a club's re-launch party, held in Mumbai, on August 22, 2013.
Designer Vikram Phadnis during a club's re-launch party, held in Mumbai, on August 22, 2013. (Pic: Viral Bhayani)
See more of : Vikram Phadnis
Vikram Phadnis
Aditi Govitrikar stands out in her yellow outfit during a club's re-launch party, held in Mumbai, on August 22, 2013.
Aditi Govitrikar stands out in her yellow outfit during a club's re-launch party, held in Mumbai, on August 22, 2013. (Pic: Viral Bhayani)
See more of : Aditi Govitrikar
Anandita De (L) during a club's re-launch party, held in Mumbai, on August 22, 2013.
Anandita De (L) during a club's re-launch party, held in Mumbai, on August 22, 2013. (Pic: Viral Bhayani)
See more of : Anandita De
Anandita De
Nihar Pandya during a club's re-launch party, held in Mumbai, on August 22, 2013.
Nihar Pandya during a club's re-launch party, held in Mumbai, on August 22, 2013. (Pic: Viral Bhayani)
See more of : Nihar Pandya
Nihar Pandya


text:
Clarksville-Montgomery County school board vacates 2-month-old mask mandate
Alexis Clark
Clarksville Leaf-Chronicle
The Clarksville-Montgomery County school board voted unanimously Tuesday to vacate the 2-month-old mask mandate for students and staff at all schools after COVID-19 numbers within the county and district have declined overtime.
The mandate was initially adopted Sept. 14.
Board member Charlie Patterson, who proposed the temporary mandate originally, made the motion to drop the mandate during the formal meeting, according to CMCSS spokesperson Anthony Johnson.
The district's most recent figures, current as of Monday, show that 23 students and 13 employees have reported testing positive for COVID-19, according to CMCSS's dashboard. CMCSS does not have verification on every case, as each was self-reported by student guardians.
Background: Clarksville-Montgomery County school board passes temporary mask mandate
More than 400 students are currently out on quarantine, while 18 employees are on coronavirus-related leave, the district's data shows. Around the time the mandate was adopted in September, the district saw more than 200 students with positive test and 2,080 students out on quarantine. The month before, CMCSS saw over 650 student COVID-19 cases.
Cases in Montgomery County has declined as there are 238 active cases within the county as of Tuesday afternoon, according to the Tennessee Department of Health COVID-19 data dashboard.
Johnson said regardless of the mandate, students and staff always had an option to opt-out of the mandate.
"The significant change after tonight's vote will be the discontinuation of the opt-out forms that were implemented after the Board voted in September to implement a mask requirement with the ability to opt-out," he said.
Alexis Clark can be reached at aclark@gannett.com or 931-217-8519.


text:
Eddie Jordan
Rediff.com » News » Eddie Jordan
News for Eddie Jordan
WTF News! It's Weird, True and Funny
Here's your weekly digest of the craziest and funniest stories from around the world. Fancy a contraption to keep your breasts perky! A world-renowned plastic surgeon has invented a bra that......
Obama's Rise and Rise: Camelot or Bust?
There certainly is a buzz around Barack Obama. His string of ten straight victories over Hillary Clinton in the Democratic primaries has startled both pundits and average voters. I am yet to be......
Richard Branson to work as a stewardess!
On the coming Labour Day, Virgin Atlantic boss and billionaire Sir Richard Branson will try his hand at a new job - as a stewardess on budget airlines AirAsia's long haul flight. AirAsia CEO Tony......
Mallya wants F1 glory, bids for Spyker
Spyker's director of Formula One, Michiel Mol, has teamed up with Vijay Mallya to make a Euro 90 million bid for the cash-strapped team. "This offer has been accepted by the board of Spyker Cars......
Oscars 2018: The 10 Most Memorable Moments
Hollywood's biggest party has sobered up and how. Creative forces belonging to different parts of the world and ethnicity came together to celebrate their collective love for cinema at the 90th......
Oscars 2018: Meet the BIG Winners!
The 90th Annual Academy Awards have been announced. A quick glance at the winners, listed in bold. IMAGE: Sam Rockwell (Best Supporting Actor, Three Billboards Outside Ebbing,......
Shape Of Water leads Oscars nominations
Dunkirk may have been missed at the year's earlier awards shows, but thanks god, Chris Nolan's classic gets enough play at the Oscar noms. IMAGE: Sally Hawkins' stunning portrayal as a mute in The......
The 10 Most Unforgettable Moments from the 2016 Oscars
Raja Sen lists his favourite moments. I once had the remarkable good fortune to be sitting unexpectedly in the Comedy Cellar in New York when a surprise guest was thrust upon us. The audience......
Oscars 2016: Meet the Best Actor Nominees. PREDICT the winner!
Watch the trailers and predict the winner at the end. I feel weird commenting on the Best Actor race this year since I've watched all the nominated performances except that of the frontrunner, and......
EPL PIX: Wins for Leicester, Palace; West Ham held
IMAGES from the English Premier League matches played on Sunday. IMAGE: James Maddison, Patson Daka and Youri Tielemans scored for Leicester. Photograph: Gareth Copeley Belgium midfielder......
Europa League: Arsenal ease past Dundalk; Spurs top group
IMAGE: Arsenal's Folarin Balogun in action with Dundalk's Sean Hoare during their Europa League Group B match at Aviva Stadium, Dublin, Ireland, on Thursday. Photograph: Lorraine......
PIX: Bournemouth stun Leicester; Spurs down Arsenal
Leicester will drop out of the top-four on Monday if Manchester United win at home to Southampton. IMAGE: AFC Bournemouth's players celebrate after Dominic Solanke scored the fourth goal against......
PIX: United ease to another win, Spurs and Everton held
IMAGE: Paul Pogba, centre, celebrates with his Manchester United teammates after scoring the third goal against Aston Villa at Villa Park, on Thursday. Photograph: Shaun Botterill/Getty Images......
EPL PIX: Liverpool move closer to title; United in top-four hunt
Images from the English Premier League matches played on Wednesday Liverpool move closer to title with 4-0 win over Palace IMAGE: Liverpool's Fabinho celebrates scoring their third goal with......


Breaking: Beyhadh to replace Bade Bhaiyya Ki Dulhaniya on Sony TV!
Sony Entertainment's Bade Bhaiyya Ki Dulhaniya will go off air, yes you heard it right! The show started with a new concept will be pulled by Sony TV because it did not become popular. The show will be replaced by the upcoming Beyhadh.
Why Bade Bhaiyya Ki Dulhaniya going off air? The reason is simple; the show TRP did not increased and the channel gave red signal to the show.
In the coming episode, Meera and Abhishek will get married and both will live happily ever after. Phew…. too sad for Bade Bhaiyya Ki Dulhaniya fans!
Previous articleDev to be UPSET in entire sangeet ceremony!
Namita Dubey's Niece loves Meera Character of Bade Bhaiyya Ki Dulhania!
Ek Duje Ke Vaaste and Bade Bhaiyya Ki Dulhaniya Mahasangam episode coming!


In this installment: lockdown drawings, change notes, Sylvia Plimack Mangold review online, tonight in New York City, the Deparment of Skills, quote of the week.
I awoke last Friday morning to extraordinary news: perpetrators of the Boston Marathon bombings had killed an officer at MIT, and exchanged hundreds of rounds of gunfire with police. One perp was dead, and the other was at large in Watertown. The Mayor shut down public transportation and requested residents of Watertown, Cambridge, Boston, and Somerville to shelter in place.
With time and art supplies on our hands, my companion in sheltering in place offered to model for me.
Drawing carefully from life is sanity. I ought to remind myself of this more often.
Things have to change. Many dealers say fairs are getting too expensive, and galleries face hidden overhead that places great pressure on dealers. I don't have any answers. I can't tell anyone what to do, but we could all begin to think a little harder about developing new business models — after all, the art world is filled with creative talent. Let's unlock some of that creativity and make exciting new things happen.
In my humble opinion, the most important appraisers of any artwork are other artists, because its potential influence (or not) on them will play a role in the future of art history. The dialog among artists reigns supreme among my interests in the art world. Nothing else comes close to being as exhilarating or eye opening. So it's upsetting to hear that "sterile" is the word often used to describe what these artists report seeing in the galleries.
What they say they mean when pressed on this is a response more precisely aimed at the generation of rising stars who had once excited them but who, upon reaching higher-tiered galleries, seem to have lost their edge. The pressure to produce more and larger work to fill the cavernous spaces of their new dealers is painfully obvious to their contemporaries. These once inspiring heroes have gone fully into Production mode, or so it seems, they say. And it's depressing them because now they're not sure now what it is they want from their own careers. They used to think they wanted the big galleries and the flexibility and the "freedom" that seemed to represent, but now they're not so sure it ends that way. They know they don't want to have to simply phone in series after series of market-ready trophies for the endless art fairs in between obviously rushed solo exhibitions. That's not why they became artists.
It's bad out there for emerging artists and students know it. When I visited Baltimore last week, I heard from multiple sources that many MICA graduates are no longer moving to New York; instead, they're finding cheap studio space in Baltimore and staying put. Students in Athens talked about moving after graduation, too. Although they were less likely to move to New York because of the distance, they did mention the appeal of larger communities like those in Philadelphia and Atlanta.
I can't say I blame them. Spending a few months in New York to build connections and get studio visits isn't a bad idea, but it's possible to keep up with most art virtually, and art here has becoming increasingly lifeless anyway. The Lower East Side has become particularly stale lately; in the past four months, I've seen only two solo exhibitions that I thought were exceptional—Sara Ludy at Klaus Von Nichtssagend and Jaimie Warren at The Hole. Neither of those artists lives in New York.
To sum up a bit ungracefully, it's time for something new to happen, and it may very well take place outside of New York City. That the New Yorkers are saying this is remarkable. I have further thoughts on this matter, and I will share them next week.
Posted at Art in America for your reading pleasure.
"Pour," curated by Elisabeth Condon and Carol Prusa, at Lesley Heller Workspace.
Pour presents selected works by established and emerging artists, including: Ingrid Calame, Kris Chatterson, Roland Flexner, Angelina Gualdoni, Carrie Moyer, Carolanna Parlato, David Reed, Jackie Saccoccio, and Carrie Yamaoka. Curated by Elisabeth Condon and Carol Prusa, Pour examines the techniques of postwar abstraction from the vantage of digital culture. Spanning several generations, each artist works exploits paint's ability to veil, flicker and shift, achieving results that veer from graphic opacity to backlit transparency. Floating, pouring and sweeping liquid pigment on canvas and panel, alone or in combination with "dry" applications such as drawing and collage, they redefine form and space in terms of speed, texture and depth. Wresting intense, often lyrical compositions from rigorously considered historical and philosophical premises, each painting enfolds thought and action within the presence of gesture.
Breakers is in no way your typical graphic novel. Composed of short comics, sketches, doodles, and experiments in sequential art, Breakers has no overarching story or structure. Instead, it is the culmination of a three-week residency conducted by twenty-six comic creators at the Atlantic Center for the Arts, which is located on the Florida coast. Led on a once-in-a-lifetime artistic experience by master artists Ellen Forney, Dean Haspiel, and Megan Kelso, these twenty-three associate artists and their "creative commanders" deliver a volume of collected works in Breakers that reads as an unfiltered, honest, and intimate peek into a truly magical and inspired three weeks in an environment teeming with artistic expression, daily comic creation, occasional shark sightings, and one seriously creepy, naked old dude.


Online Food Ordering and Delivery System which can be used to create delivery business like Delivery Hero Clone, deliveroo clone, foodora clone etc.
Boostly is an online ordering solution for restaurants which allows customers to place their orders through restaurant websites, Facebook pages, or Google. The software also includes tools for customer acquisition, referral programs, retention, feedback collection, and more.
Wing DS is a cloud-based delivery management system that aims to help retail firms with route planning, dispatching, fleet tracking, location mapping and payment processing. It records customer feedback, generates customized reports, measures driver performance and assists with resource allocation.


text:
Lowndes Co. celebrates opening of Clyattville Fire Station
Lowndes Co. celebrates the re-opening of Clyattville Fire Station.(WALB)
By Jennifer Morejon
Published: Oct. 25, 2021 at 10:13 PM EDT
VALDOSTA, Ga. (WALB) - Lowndes County officials celebrated the re-opening of the Clyattville Fire Station Monday.
With the unincorporated areas of Lowndes County growing, the demand for fire protection has increased.
This station was originally built in 2008 with the intention to expand fire services. However, those plans were put on hold due to economic issues.
In the meantime, it was used by volunteers.
On Monday, the station was opened back up after being renovated and it now has a full-time staff, ready to serve the south Lowndes County area.
"I'm extremely excited about the expansion of Lowndes County Fire Rescue. This is something that is going to take, not only the safety but quality of life of our residents to the next level," said Paige Dukes, the Lowndes County manager.
"It's time to move us forward to protect the citizens in the unincorporated areas with a higher level of service than what we have been able to provide. So this is a historical moment for Lowndes County to be able to do this," said Bill Slaughter, the Lowndes County Commission chairman.
In the Clyattville station, there will be five firefighters and command staff on duty.
It took about six months to remodel, then they had to hire and train new personnel.
Next up is the fire station on Bemiss Road, which officials said they hope to finish renovations in the spring.
And then a new station will be built in the Mineola community.
Copyright 2021 WALB. All rights reserved.


142 SOLD. HURRY! ONLY A FEW LEFT!
Digital LCD Circuit & Voltage Tester by Electrika™. This product is made of high-quality materials to serve you for years to come. Designed using state-of-the-art technology and with customers in mind. It will meet your needs and deliver great quality at an affordable cost.
This product is professionally and meticulously designed to provide superior durability you are looking for. The company does not accept compromises when it is going about quality, so you can be completely confident that this product is second to none. It is manufactured from first-rate materials to ensure outstanding reliability. This product provides efficient and worry-free service for many years ahead which makes it the perfect option for your ultimate satisfaction.
Electrika™ is a family-owned company providing a wide variety of air tools, undercar tools, hand tools along with shop equipment and lifting equipment under its own brand name "Electrik." Utilizing over 40 years of expertise in delivering innovative solutions to each and every customer, the company is recognized as one of the leading suppliers of top quality tools to the U.S. automotive aftermarket. Focusing on customer satisfaction, Electrika Pneumatic Tool provides premium quality at a reasonable price that doesn't break the bank.
Safely measurements from 3 to 48V DC.
Backlight LCD display for accurate voltage reading.
LED indication of RED for Positive (+) Green for Neutral / Ground.
Flexible Spiral cable which is able to extend up to 11ft.
Small and ergonomic design to use easily in confined areas.
The needle-sharp stainless steel probe allows to take measurement easily in piercing and other small holes.
It can be used perfectly in cars, boats, trailers, motorcycles, airplanes and snowmobiles measurement.
Designed to help you to get your job done right.
Built to provide exceptional levels of durability.


text:
Horry alternative bands
Whether you're a fan of Pearl Jam, Radiohead, Spacehog, or any of the other classic bands of the 90s, you'll be glad to know GigMasters has a wide selection of Alternative Bands that you can book for your next event in the Horry County, SC area. Start your search here!
South Carolina /
Horry County, SC Alternative Bands
Please note these Alternative Bands will also travel to Myrtle Beach, Conway, Longs, North Myrtle Beach, Bucksport, Atlantic Beach, Loris, Little River, Murrells Inlet, Calabash, Aynor, Tabor City, Longwood, Sunset Beach, Galivants Ferry, Nakina, Clarendon, Shallotte, Ocean Isle Beach, Ash, Green Sea, Litchfield, Pawleys Island, Centenary, Gresham, Nichols, Johnsonville, Hemingway, Cerro Gordo, Rains
Top Alternative Bands Near Horry County, SC
Variety Band from Wilmington, NC (62 miles from Horry County, SC)
Cover Band from Raleigh, NC (135 miles from Horry County, SC)
Original Band from Charlotte, NC (145 miles from Horry County, SC)
A High energy & charismatic duo, (featuring prolific & influential songwriter Paleface & darling drummer Monica "Mo" Samalot), that has been charming audiences from coast to coast with their dynamic & interactive performances that get crowds in great spirits, dancing and singing along. Their eclectic sound is influenced by Rock N Roll, Folk, Blues, Americana, Pop and Punk music and features dynamic compositions, vocal harmonies, and acoustic instruments (mainly guitar & drums) combined with a... (more)
Radiojacks
Variety Band from Charlotte, NC (140 miles from Horry County, SC)
Close your eyes and listen… Is that Taylor Swift or Bruno Mars playing your party? Who invited Justin Timberlake? This is what happens when RadioJacks takes the stage. You see, the songs that are just making the charts are already part of RadioJacks set. With uncanny accuracy, this band delivers today's top 40 so close to the original that you will think you have the original artist right there with you. Now open your eyes and see the dynamic, youthful energy of a band that is... (more)
Cover Band from Greensboro, NC (163 miles from Horry County, SC)
Cover Band from Asheville, NC (241 miles from Horry County, SC)
Patrick Rock and the Wreckage
Rock Band from Greensboro, NC (163 miles from Horry County, SC)
Singer/Songwriter Patrick Rock (Greensboro, NC) has been writing, recording and playing over 200+ shows a year for over 20+ years. 2017 began the involvement of his current touring line-up "The Wreckage" made up of stellar musicians George Westberry on Bass(The Deluge, None The Wiser), David McLaughlin on Guitar(House of Fools, Paris Ave.) and Rob Wojnar on Drums(Lube, Ultraviolet). (more)
Alternative Band from Glenmoore, PA (466 miles from Horry County, SC)
Cover Band from Atlanta, GA (313 miles from Horry County, SC)
Cover Band from Moseley, VA (256 miles from Horry County, SC)
Variety Band from Baltimore, MD (398 miles from Horry County, SC)
Cover Band from Orlando, FL (392 miles from Horry County, SC)
Patrick & the LVB - Orlando Cover Band / Top 40 Band / Party Band (Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Phoenix, Chicago, Denver, Orlando) Patrick Sieben has quickly become one of Las Vegas' top performers. He currently holds a 4 night per week residency at Aria Resort and Casino located at the heart of the Las Vegas strip, performing a young and energetic mix of modern pop tunes, classic hits and originals. While maintaining his residency in Vegas, Patrick and his band travel across the country... (more)
Variety Band from Pelham, AL (455 miles from Horry County, SC)
Cover Band from Washington, DC (365 miles from Horry County, SC)
French Band from Purcellville, VA (374 miles from Horry County, SC)
Rock Band from Harrisburg, PA (460 miles from Horry County, SC)
Jazz Band from Nashville, TN (474 miles from Horry County, SC)
Variety Band from Chattanooga, TN (374 miles from Horry County, SC)
When you host an event - whether it's a corporate party, a wedding, or an arena full of teenagers that need to be pumped up - you want that event to succeed. You know you want your event to be more than just a gathering of people. You want it to be an experience. The music that drives your event will be the difference between your guests sitting in the corner, glancing at the clock and mindlessly stirring their drinks, or dancing the night away, singing at the top of their lungs to all their... (more)
The Lone Rangers
Variety Band from Charlottesville, VA (289 miles from Horry County, SC)
The Lone Rangers are on a mission to save the world from boring. Sporting a deep catalog of hits from the '70s, '80s, '90s, and today, the band can elevate any social gathering to a sing-along, dance-along, riotously good time. The Rangers draw on the talents of several established local acts, combining their powers towards a singular goal: to bring you the party. In a world of increasing tedium, the Lone Rangers are prepared to deploy epic amounts of fun. Will you join them? (more)
The Riot Band
Variety Band from Atlanta, GA (315 miles from Horry County, SC)
"The Riot" is an Atlanta area, high-energy, Acoustic OR Electric, duo/trio/or full band. We do party, dance, funk, rock, pop, hiphop, and country. We focus on keeping people dancing and rocking out. If needed provide the atmosphere that matches your event. We cater to our client song requests, style of event, and attire. We provide an interactive entertainment experience with the audience. We handle Weddings, Private parties, Outdoor Festivals & Special Events. The band is fronted with... (more)
Christian Rock Band from Atlanta, GA (313 miles from Horry County, SC)
Calling Glory's latest radio single, Child of Heaven is currently #28 on Billboard Christian AC Charts! The bands last single "I Am With You" is the bands first song to be eligible for a Grammy Nomination, best Contemporary Christian Song of The Year, and recently reached #44 on Billboard Christian Charts! I Am With You is the band's follow up to hit song "Don't Give Up" – the bands first song to reach #24 on Billboard Christian Charts. Calling Glory can be heard on stations like K-Love, Air... (more)
Matthew Carroll Band
Top 40 Band from Birmingham, AL (454 miles from Horry County, SC)
The Matthew Carroll Band are a party experts! From the planning phase to the last song of the night, They have a singular focus: To help your guests have the party of their lives! Matthew Carroll is an amazing performer, singing a wide range of genres with passion and energy like you haven't seen! And his band is made up of some of the best musicians in the southeast! Whether you go with the exceptional 4-piece band or go all out by choosing 9-piece band with female Backing vocals and a... (more)
Christian Rock Band from Greenbrier, TN (481 miles from Horry County, SC)
Vinyl Headlights
Variety Band from Virginia Beach, VA (264 miles from Horry County, SC)
Combining national recording talent with private event know-how and ego-free professionalism, Vinyl Headlights smashes the cheesy cover band mold. The "nicest guys in the party business" draw from a vast repertoire, spanning decades of hits from the worlds of rock, pop, dance, country, and hip hop. Vinyl Headlights can customize a high-energy performance with enough musical variety to keep all your guests entertained. Their flexibility, professionalism, and attention to detail make working... (more)
Christian Rock Band from Nashville, TN (474 miles from Horry County, SC)
DataRecoveryProject
Dance Band from Washington, DC (367 miles from Horry County, SC)
Data Recovery Project (DRP) is an electronic duo that combines retro Hi-NRG dance beats with contemporary ass-shaking grooves and trenchant lyrics. DRP's live show effortless combines trenchant lyrics, soaring harmonies, and live-cut video elements to create an immersive musical experience that holds the floor. We appeal to a broad range of demographics which can sometimes be hard to reach for live music venues including women, dance fans, R&B fans, 80's hold-outs, and LGBTQ community... (more)


1. Music, Movement, and Me: Rock your baby's world. Remember for 9 months inside your womb, baby constantly had movement. Even when you slept – yes, there were tiny movements that the baby constantly felt. So, moving and rocking can actually instantly calm a baby. In India, we have this way of putting the baby on the lap and moving our thighs up and down. While this works for some, it does not work well for many babies. We often find that rocking side to side and swaying motions work better. Stand with your feet slightly more that hip width apart, keep baby close to you, and sway as slow, or as fast as your baby wants. It is magic. Music – this too is a life saver. If you play the same music or sing a certain song, that she heard while in your womb, she will likely calm down much easier!
2. Pressure on the belly: Lie her down on your knee, supporting her chin with your hand, while rubbing her back. Her belly should rest on your knee. The pressure of your knee on her belly soothes any belly discomfort that she may be feeling.
3. Skin to skin, cheek to cheek: Hold her upright. Her belly is on your shoulder. And you are now cheek to cheek with her. You talk to her calmly as you sway. Or hum gently. She feels your closeness and hears your voice and calms down.
4. Talking to your baby, like she is an adult in an adult voice: This is a big one. Most of us say "no, no baby, don't cry", or some such- in a very childish tone. Try asking her "What's wrong baby? I know you are uncomfortable. What can I do to make you feel better" – the calming is amazing. Apparently, babies understand silly and stressed voices and get more stressed with all the tension in your voice. Versus the calm, adult voice seems to calm them down!
5. Shhhh .shhh. shhh: Three seems to be the magic number when is comes to singing/calming them with rhythm. Why? I am not sure I know. But, does it work? Absolutely. Try it out – "O-Oo-Ooo" or "IZ-IZz-IZzz" all seem to have the same calming effect. Pick your favourite rhythm, and while rocking her, see her fall asleep.
6. White noise: Works. The sound of a whirring fan, or an exhaust fan, an continuous hum.
7. Vibrations: Set her car seat on a washing machine. Of course stand close and guard her and ensure that she is safe. But the feeling of vibration gets her to sleep. Also, there are infant soft seats which have this vibration available, but you must ensure that she is not left unattended.
8. Go outside: Walk with your baby. Not only does it improve your mood, and give you some much needed exercise, it will also let her breathe fresh air, as well as serve as a distraction to calm her fussiness!
9. Car ride: An Life saver. Most babies will fall asleep on a quiet car drive.
10. Bath: Must in your arsenal. A bit of "I love you" massage, or even a quick whole body massage. Followed by a warm bath, traditionally on your legs, or letting her float in a bucket full of warm water with you holding her under her armpits and supporting her neck. You will literally see her muscles relax, and in about 10 minutes, she will actually fall asleep. Yes, you can do this, even at 3 am in the morning, when her crying seems to be uncontrollable. As long as you quickly dry her, swaddle her, feed her and get her to sleep. Watch this video titled: "I love you massage" or attend a good parent infant massage class like ours to learn the art and science of infant massage.
And Click Here to go to the 3rd Part of How to calm your fussy baby.


text:
Querrey, Janowicz to Square off in WSO Semis
Jerzy Janowicz broke David Goffin's miraculous 25 match win streak in straight sets. Sam Querrey had a tremendous, come-from-behind win over No. 5 seed Guillermo Garcia-Lopez.
By GriffKurz Aug 21, 2014, 10:33pm EDT
Share All sharing options for: Querrey, Janowicz to Square off in WSO Semis
Sam Querrey defeated No. 5 seed Guillermo Garcia-Lopez 6-7 (3), 6-2, 6-4 to advance to the Winston-Salem Open semifinals for the third straight year. Oddly enough, this marks the third straight time that Querrey has defeated Garcia-Lopez by a score of 6-4 in the third set.
The 6-5 Querrey relied on his powerful serve for 22 aces and his dominant forehand to dictate play against the tricky Spaniard.
Both players held serve the entire first set. In the tiebreaker, Querrey made missed a routine forehand to go down an early mini-break and never recovered.
The tides turned, however, in Querrey's first service game of the second set. Garcia-Lopez had three break points and was poised to take the control of the match. But Querrey fought back with his biting slice serve and strong forehand.
Garcia-Lopez said, "If I won this game, there is a great chance. I was playing great tennis with my forehand... 2-0 and serving, it's my match to win. But he hit some great shots to earn it."
Tied at 2, Querrey seized the momentum to win the next four games and take the set.
In the final set, Querrey displayed tremendous patience, waiting for his opportunity to pounce. And that came at 4-all. With two break points, the 6-5 American shot a laser backhand down-the-line. And with the match on his shoulders, Querrey did what he does best. He served it out with two service winners.
"My confidence is going up every match here. It's great to have this event right before the US Open."
The 6-8 Jerzy Janowicz has always had a rare combination of athleticism, power and raw talent. After reaching the 2013 Wimbledon semifinals and achieving a career-high ranking of No. 14 several months later, most anticipated the 23-year-old would remain there for good.
But in 2014, higher expectations and the grueling demands of the ATP Tour drained the Pole to No. 52 in the world. But based on his recent performance, Janowicz has found his game and is a serious threat in Winston-Salem and New York.
Using his lethal serve- even hitting the fastest in the US Open Series at 143 mph- and forehand combo, Janowicz broke David Goffin's 25 match win streak with a routine 6-4, 6-2 victory. Janowicz, who called his opponent's winning streak "unreal," was thrilled with his performance after the match. When asked what most pleased him about his game today, Janowicz bluntly stated, "Everything."
Goffin, a consistent baseliner who won four straight tournaments, was complimentary of his opponent,"He's really good. He's tall. Today, he played a really good match... He was really aggressive. He hit everything on the line."
After beating world No. 8 Grigor Dimitrov last week and reaching his first semifinals since March, Janowicz looks to have finally found his consistency.
"It's nice. I didn't play so well in the past few months. I'm coming back. Things are looking really good. I played good tennis."
No. 7 seed Lukas Rosol opens against No. 9 seed Yen-Hsun Lu on Friday at 3pm. Sam Querrey and Jerzy Janowicz will follow at 6:30 pm.


text:
List of facts about the sun
The Sun is all the colors mixed together, this appears white to our eyes.
The Sun is composed of hydrogen (70%) and Helium (28%).
The Sun is a main-sequence G2V star (or Yellow Dwarf).
The Sun is 109 times wider than the Earth and 330,000 times as massive.
The Sun's surface area is 11,990 times that of the Earth's.
The distance between the Earth and the Sun is an Astronomical Unit (AU)
One million Earths could fit inside the Sun.
The Sun contains 99.86% of the mass in the Solar System.
The Sun is an almost perfect sphere.
The Sun will consume the Earth.
The Sun will one day be about the size of Earth.
The temperature inside the Sun can reach 15 million degrees Celsius.
Light from the Sun takes eight minutes to reach Earth.
The Sun travels at 220 kilometers per second.
The distance from the Sun to Earth changes throughout the year.
The Sun is middle-aged.
The Sun has a very strong magnetic field.
The Sun generates solar wind.
Sol is the Latin for Sun
List of Careers in English
Best Secondary Schools in UK
List of Diseases in English
List of Fruits in English
Best Hospitals in United Kingdom


Toby Baxendale | UK Entrepreneur » Did Hayek and Robbins Deepen the Great Depression?
Did Hayek and Robbins Deepen the Great Depression?
Caribbean Reading 1: Did Hayek and Robbins Deepen the Great Depression?
This is written by Professor Lawrence (Larry) White, one of the leading Austrian School economists of his generation. His speciality is monetary theory and economic history. Little has been said of White on this site as I and a number of my fellow writers have many problems with his views on free banking, but as we have no corporate line at the Cobden Centre, we do have writers who have great sympathy with his views who are free to "big him up," not to mention enthusiastic commentators who blog on our site with vigour!
The article does what it says on the tin. It shows that Hayek and Robbins at the LSE in the 30′s did not have any policy application to the workings of the liquidationists in the Hoover administration. Indeed it becomes clear that the American administrations of the 30′s came under the direct influence of the Real Bills Doctrine before the Keynesian tidal wave swept all other forms of economics to the backwaters of remote and inhospitable places.
The article is a great service to economic history.
It the allows us to ask the question of ourselves as Austrian School sympathisers: in this Great Depression 2, what should we be advocating?
White shows us that Hayek and Robbins in the 20′s would have supported a real deflation due to the great productivity increases in the key world economies at the time. Instead, more fiduciary media was created that caused the roaring 20′s boom that led to the bust of the late 20′s and 30′s.
He goes on to show how Hayek, faced with the significant money deflation, advocated in his writings a policy of holding the money supply at it's old level: the pre-bust level . The inflating of prices caused malinvestments and the deflating of it would cause unnecessary bankruptcies. In and ideal world, if wages and other key factors of production were flexible, a mild deflation would take place, prices would readjust, and we would soon get back to a productive economy. If they were not, we would spiral into a "secondary deflation." This was akin to mass money hoarding and a Central bank could step in and provide cash for investment projects so that large parts of the productive structure would not be blown away. This would offset the irrational panic.
Both Robbins and Hayek thought a mild deflation with a fully functioning free market would clear out the past excesses in a targeted way. They both thought that post Depression 1, the deflation was too severe and advocated a money creating process by the Central Bank to prop up industry.
This has given a branch of modern day Austrian School, the Monetary Equilibrium School led by Selgin and White himself, the intellectual antecedents to develop out this theory further .
Are we at the stage today when we need a Central Bank accommodative policy to avoid a secondary deflation ? As we have had real money supply contraction (when you look at cash notes, coins, and demand deposits and not timed deposits see Baxendale and Evans on money supply definitions here) would it be time to do this now? With what great wisdom does the Monetary Equilibrium School / Demand School come to be able to gauge when a good deflation turns into a bad ? Are we in a bad deflation yet?
I can't personally see how creating more money units to offset a demand to hold cash will achieve anything other than sowing of the seeds for the next credit induced boom.
However, lets give money creation in these circumstances the benefit of the doubt and say "yes, it will make people feel more comfortable to know their bank will be more accommodating to their needs in personal and business life." They then start to respond again and the old patterns of spending reboot themselves and the new additional money stays in circulation and bingo, we have a mini credit boom on our hands again with the massive distortion of the structure of production this implies. I would counsel anyone interested in this interpretation of Hayek's work to look more closely at this line of thinking, as it is not far from being as dangerous as Bernanke's own thoughts. I would encourage people to think about what gets in the way of prices resetting themselves, allowing employers to set flexible wage and working time policies in these circumstances, for example, may well be a far better policy for Austrians to pursue. Labour is invariably the most expensive part of the cost base of most firms and this does seem to sure-fire way of avoiding a secondary wipe out deflation.
I would also look at advocating a money base fix so there could never be a deflation. Huerta De Soto advocates this in Chapter 9 of Money, Bank Credit and Economic Cycles, which you can download here. I have also advocated a similar approach, in layman's terms, here.
We can never know what Hayek and Robbins would be advocating today. Thanks to White's essay, we do know what they did and did not advocate, and who was and was not listening to them in the first Great Depression. We do also know there are wide views across the modern Austrian School . I favour a "play it safe" approach, and do not think you can predict what the right or wrong level of demand for money is to offset with newly minted "counterfeit" money. There are ways to avoid deflation; a money base fix is described above . A freer market would of course prevent much of this happening anyway!


text:
Pixel Health
Healthcare Technology. Human Perspective.
Partner Consulting
baytechIT
CISO Says
President Barry O'Brien looks back on 25 years of Partner Consulting
As Partner Consulting joins the Pixel Health family of companies, President Barry O'Brien looks back on nearly 25 years of his company's history.
The More Things Change…
Opportunity and Confusion. Those are the words I'd use to best describe the telecommunications industry that helped give birth to Partner Consulting back in 1998. The regulatory environment was going through monumental change, opening up new opportunities for hundreds of new providers who were introducing a myriad of new service options to customers. And much of those products left businesses, healthcare organizations, utility companies and even governmental agencies shaking their heads.
In addition to regulatory change, technology was rapidly advancing. The broadband and wireless market was exploding and confusion was running rampant. Who should I go with? Is cheaper necessarily better? Should I choose one from column "A" or two from column "B?" IT and Finance departments were deluged with proposals. We thought people needed a partner, a guide, or someone who could just provide an answer in a language they could understand.
We became the go-to partner that was there to analyze solutions, implement those that fit strategically into an organization's business plan, and then manage them properly as needs evolved over time.
Productivity, cost savings, and top-quality customer service have become paramount in today's consumer-driven environment and the way an organization communicates inside and outside their operation is critical to success. Most clients realize they must go through continuous digital transformation to remain competitive. Recently, my good friend Michael Feld (CEO of Pixel Health) put it this way in talking about today's healthcare industry. "It's a very specific term that means creating the environment or modifying the experiences that a patient has in dealing with a hospital. We must make it more like what Amazon and other very well-developed, very slick E-platform service providers do. To make healthcare do that, is an enormous task."
And so as a new member of the Pixel Health family, this marriage couldn't have come together at a better time. Whether it's a new Unified Communications platform, improved Contact Center technology, or more effectively managing broadband and wireless costs, our services are more important than ever. There's probably not an industry anywhere that's more in need of communications improvements than healthcare. Our new sister company VertitechIT has documented it repeatedly in conducting their INFRAM infrastructure assessments with health systems across the country. Communication and Collaboration scores are typically lowest across all other domain categories, indicating the area where the most remediation is needed.
The more things change, the more they stay the same. Back in 1998, opportunity and marketplace confusion gave birth to our business and we'd like to think that the explosion in new 21st century technology has only reinforced the thought that the partner you needed almost 25 years ago is the same partner here to help you today.
PreviousPrevious post:Partner Consulting Joins Pixel Health Family of CompaniesNextNext post:Stamp Your Vaccine Passport on Blockchain
Top 10 Healthcare IT Influencers to Follow in 2022
Top 10 Healthcare Blogs for 2022
IoMT: A Medical Blessing and a Security Curse
4 Open Square Way, Holyoke, MA 01040
info@GoPixelHealth.com
© Pixel Health – 2022. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Top 6 (Alleged) Girlfriends of Lee Byung Hun
The biggest news in K-Pop this week was Lee Byung Hun and Lee Min Jung publicly confirming their relationship. The two have been rumored to be dating for months now, and we're glad that they finally confirmed their relationship status!
Now we're starting to hear wedding rumors of the two star celebrities, and we are more than excited to see Lee Byung Hun finally start to settle down. In fact, the 42-year old actor stands head and shoulders above the rest when it comes to being romantically linked to other female celebrities.
Here's a list of some of the top female stars he's dated or rumored to have dated in the past. Which (alleged) girlfriend of Lee Byung Hun did you like the most?
(Scroll through the list by clicking the arrow at the bottom right of the top image!)
After co-starring in the 2003 megahit drama, "All In," Lee Byung Hun and Song Hye Kyo developed into a real-life couple. They publicly acknowledged their relationship and were also rumored to be getting married soon. But after a little over a year, they called it quits and parted ways due to their busy schedules.
Kim Tae Hee
In the drama "Iris," Lee Byung Hun and Kim Tae Hee showed great chemistry and netizens suspected their on-screen relationship had developed into real-life romance. The rumors were never addressed, but they sure would have made a great couple!
Yoon Eun Hye
In 2008, the infamous "Korean Stock Market Gossip Reports" said Lee Byung Hun once privately gave a 90 out of 100 to Yoon Eun Hye. It sparked countless rumors of the two secretly dating, but again, those rumors were never really addressed.
Kim Min Hee
Just last year, top actress/model Kim Min Hee found herself involved in a dating rumor with Lee Byung Hun. They are both under the management of BH Entertainment, and they were rumored to have developed into more than just a simple oppa-hoobae relationship. But BH Entertainment publicly denied the rumors and it didn't become a serious issue.
Han Hyo Joo
While filming their 2012 movie "King of Chosun," Lee Byung Hun and his co-star Han Hyo Joo were closely linked and rumors of them dating surfaced online. They no longer have to address the issue since Lee Byung Hun has found his love in Lee Min Jung now!
Amy once showed up at Lee Byung Hun's movie premiere and explained the only reason she came was because of "Lee Byung Hun oppa." It prompted rumors of them seriously dating, as Amy added Lee Byung Hun gave her "mental support." But those rumors were again just rumors.
Lee Min Jung
Lee Byung Hun
KPLG
How does this article make you feel?


text:
● Abstract
● Introduction
● Study Area
● Geological Environment of the Area
● Groundwater Composition
● Materials and Methods
○ Sampling
○ Laboratory Tests
● Statistics
● Results
○ Description of Bottom Sediment Columns
○ Results of Chemical Analysis
● Discussion
○ Cluster Analysis of Columns by Layers
○ Background Columns
× Column 35084.
○ Columns in the Fault Area
○ Column Analysis by Chemical Elements
● Conclusion
● Acknowledgments
● References
● Figures
● Tables
● Article Map
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES, VOL. 20, ES6006, doi:10.2205/2020ES000719, 2020
The role of fluids in the chemical composition of the upper holocene sediment layer in the russian sector of the South-East Baltic
Alexander Krek1, Viktor Krechik1, Aleksandr Danchenkov1,2, Galina Mikhnevich2
1Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS, Moscow, Russia
2Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
An analysis of the of the chemical composition of the upper slimy precipitate layer in the Gdansk Deep demonstrated increased concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, and Na in areas associated with tectonic faults. A cluster analysis of sediment layers, with a resolution of 1 cm, revealed an alternation of layers in the pockmark with a shortening of cluster bonds between the marker elements, indicating that the groundwater enters the sedimentary strata.
Sedimentogenesis in semi-closed tideless basins is characterized by a high terrigenous component and involves the accumulation and further transformation of sediment. The mechanism of bottom sediment accumulation in the Gdansk Deep has been studied thoroughly, and it is primarily associated with the gravitational sedimentation of suspended matter [Emelyanov, 1986, 2002, 2017; Pempkowiak et al., 1999; Roussiez et al., 2005; Rubio et al., 2000]. The transformation of sedimentary matter is controlled by abiotic and biotic factors, as well as by a number of features of the thermohaline structure of the Baltic Sea and its water circulation [Bulczak et al., 2016; Lund-Hansen and Skyum, 1992].
Contemporary research most often seeks to study these two processes. However, in addition to external factors, there exist mechanisms for the transformation of sedimentary matter that are associated with activity from the subsurface (for example, streams of fluids – groundwater, gases). Submarine groundwater discharge has long been recognized as an important source of fresh water and various chemicals such as trace elements, biogenes, and organic and inorganic carbon [Burnett et al., 2006; Charette et al., 2001; Moore, 2010; Oberdorfer et al., 1990; Slomp and Van Cappellen, 2004]. Meanwhile, the role of groundwater in the formation of bottom sediment is most often not considered. Although discharge volume may be relatively small, especially in the areas of large rivers, groundwater plays an important role in the global water cycle. Moreover, since groundwater is most often enriched with chemical elements not characteristic of sea water composition, in some areas, their interaction with bottom sediment may form a unique ecosystem and become an important component of its activity [Szymczycha et al., 2012, 2014, 2016]. Thus, the study of the effect of submarine groundwater discharge on the sedimentation process is the issue to be studied in this project.
The Baltic Sea Basin and, in particular, the Gdansk Deep, is the final drainage element of the underground reservoir system located to the south and southeast of the Baltic coast. The deep-sea basins, isolated by permanent pycnocline, have specific sedimentation conditions, primarily due to the peculiarities of benthic circulation. This leads to the formation of a slimy precipitation area in the Gdansk Deep at a depth of more than 70 m. Quasi-stable hydrochemical conditions in the bottom layer are occasionally violated during periods of advection of the North Sea waters (MBI), which cause the reductive-oxidative conditions to change and the velocities of bottom currents to increase significantly [Bulczak et al., 2016; Mohrholz et al., 2015].
Along with a thick mass of Holocene silts [Emelyanov, 1998] overlapping the fault areas, features of the hydrological regime create favorable conditions for the formation and existence of gas-saturated sediments and landforms such as pockmarks (Figure 1). Pockmark systems indicate fluid influx from sedimentary strata into the water. Gas-saturated sediments and flows of methane and its homologs in the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea have been well studied [Ulyanova et al., 2012]. In such areas, there is a high probability of groundwater coming to the surface or penetrating into the sedimentary mass.
Geological Environment of the Area
According to [Petrov, 2010], a system of faults, primarily dating from the Devonian Period, associated with the formation of the Baltic syneclise, can be distinguished in the sedimentary sheath of the Russian sector of the southeastern part of the Baltic Sea. Some of these faults affect the sedimentary mass down to the quaternary deposits [Earth Physics Institute, 2008; Petrov, 2010]. Such fault areas demonstrate a link between different underground reservoirs [Triponis, 1973]. Land anomalies in the magnitude of groundwater mineralization are frequently noted; among them, in particular, are the Upper Cretaceous and intermorainic Pleistocene underground reservoirs resulting from the flow of water from underlying underground reservoirs due to discontinuous faults [Zagorodnykh, 2011]. It is expected that a similar process occurs in the water area.
Acoustic anomalies (as well as pockmarks), usually confined to paleocuts and fault areas indicating the flow of deep gases (fluids) through a permeable sedimentary sheath, are frequently found in the study area [Blazhchishin, 1998; Sviridov, 1990; Sviridov and Yemelyanov, 2000]. This is facilitated by the fractured structure of the underlying Lower Holocene and Upper Pleistocene rocks [Blazhchishin, 1998]. Groundwater may flow in conjunction with gas from the sedimentary strata.
Columns 37056 and 37057 are located in the acoustic anomaly area (see Figure 1 in the inset), confined to the valley and lake cuts that coincide with the extension of the fault, which is connected to the structural Upper Cretaceous ledge. The roots of the anomalies extend to the underlying Triassic/Jurassic stratum, which contains feeders that often end in Holocene deposits [Blazhchishin, 1998].
A combination of several key factors, such as active faults, the feathering-out of Cretaceous deposits, structural ledges and cuts, and the fracturing of the Late Pleistocene and Lower Holocene deposits may contribute to the discharge of groundwater in the area investigated.
Groundwater Composition
Groundwater in the area of the acoustic anomaly may be represented by Jurassic underground reservoirs, as per the map of pre-Quaternary deposits [Petrov, 2010]. The Oxford-Tithonian underground reservoir is limited to the upper part of the Jurassic section. The waters are brackish and are classified as being of the sodium chloride type, and their mineralization varies from 12 to 17 g/dm$^3$ (Table 1) [Grigyalis and Kondratas, 1983; Nikutina, 2011; Sidorenko, 1970].
The significant thickness of silt sediments and the blurred water-bottom interface present major difficulties in the detection of salinity inversions. Firstly, the fluid influx is scattered in the silt mass and is mixed with seawater in sediments, and, secondly, silt suspension does not allow for reliable probe measurement directly at solid boundaries, where the probe sensors are silted and display values which are known to be incorrect.
Therefore, a method based on changes in the geochemical composition of the upper sediment layer was used to identify the potential characteristics of groundwater discharge. We used data on the content of chemical elements in four columns with different positions relative to the fault areas and pockmarks. Column 37056 is located in close proximity to the fault and pockmark, Column 37057 is located in the peripheral area of gas-saturated sediments, and no pockmarks or faults are identified in the area of Columns 35084 and 35097 – they make up the "background."
Columns of bottom sediments were sampled by sealed geological tube using the Lauri-Niemisto system on the 35th and 37th voyages of the R/V Akademik Nikolai Strakhov (see Figure 1). After the tube was lifted back to the deck, the column was broken down with a resolution of 1 cm. Column 35084 was 56 cm, Column 35097 was 51 cm, Column 37056 was 81 cm, and Column 37057 was 76 cm. Samples were taken with an inert sampler and packaged in plastic bags. They were stored in a ship refrigerator at a temperature of $+4$° C, and were delivered to the coastal laboratory and analyzed within a week.
The content of the elements in the soil samples studied was determined by atomic absorption analysis in the laboratory of the P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology – Atlantic Branch, using the method of quantitative chemical analysis of the Federal Scientific and Methodological Center for Laboratory Research and Certification of Mineral Raw Materials of the N. M. Fedorovsky All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Mineral Resources No. 450-C, as well as the VIMS instructions on chemical spectral analysis methods No. 155-XC.
The decomposition of samples was carried out using the method described in [Khandros and Shaidurov, 1980].
Cadmium and lead were determined using the Kvant-2 ETA atomic absorption spectrometer with electrothermal atomization, and the remaining elements were determined using the Varian AA240FS flame atomic absorption spectrometer.
A test charge of the sample (0.25 g) in a platinum crucible was placed in a muffle furnace and heated to a temperature of 500° C. Then, 5 ml of hydrofluoric acid and 1 ml of perchloric acid were added to the ash residue and dried completely. 5 ml of hydrochloric acid was poured onto the dry residue and heated until the salts were completely dissolved. The resulting solution was transferred into a 50 cm$^3$ volumetric flask, brought to the mark with water, and stirred. Next, the concentration of elements in the resulting solutions was determined using atomic absorption spectrometers by measuring their atomic absorption (optical density of atomic vapor), using graduations for solutions with known concentrations of the elements identified. To control the accuracy of the analysis, parallel samples of the studied samples were also used, as well as a standard soil sample with a known concentration of the determined elements.
All results of instrumental measurements were subject to verification with reference indicators to identify possible errors. Determination limits and the range of error are displayed in Table 2.
A hierarchical cluster (HC) analysis was used to investigate the similarities between concentrations of all 15 chemical elements from the sediment samples layers. The HC analysis was performed in two steps. At the first stage, all distributions of concentrations for each tube of sediment were examined to divide the sample into similar groups. At the second stage, linkages between the chemical elements inside each group identified at the first stage were analyzed.
Before performing the HC, the distributions of the chemical element concentrations were standardized both for each tube sample at the first stage and for each group at the second stage. The standardization procedure consisted of transforming the distribution data by subtracting the distribution mean value from each value and dividing it by the standard deviation. Thus, the variables were standardized as:
\begin{eqnarray*} V_{{\mathrm st}i} = \frac{V_i - V_{\mathrm{mean}}}{\sigma(V)} \end{eqnarray*}
where $V_{{\mathrm st}i}$ represents the standardized variable, $V_i$ is the measured value, $V_{\mathrm mean}$ is the total distribution mean and $\sigma(V)$ is the standard deviation of the distribution.
In this study, the HC analysis was performed using Ward's method as the amalgamation rule. This method uses an analysis of variance to evaluate the distances between clusters. See [Ward, 1963] for details. Euclidean distance was used as the geometric distance between different clusters in the multidimensional space. It is computed as: Distance$\:(x,y) = \sqrt{\Sigma_i(x_i - y_i)^2)}$.
Descriptive statistics for both sample tubes and for each group inside them were also calculated. Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS 10 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software was used to perform the statistical analyses.
Description of Bottom Sediment Columns
Column 35084
0–1 cm: homogeneous loose olive silts (5Y 5/4) with black silt deposit (5Y 2.5/1);
1–2 cm: layered silt of olive (5Y 5/4) and light grey color (5Y 7/1);
2–4 cm: dark olive-grey silts (5Y 3/2);
5–41 cm: homogeneous silts with a smooth color change from (5Y 4/1) to (5Y 3/1):
12–13 cm: a transversal border of olive-grey (5Y 4/2) silt intersects with dark grey silts (5Y 4/1);
42–49 cm: silts of olive-grey color brighten gradually with depth (from 5Y 4/2 to 5Y 5/2);
49–56 cm: dense silts of grey-blue color (GLEY 2 6/10B).
0–26 cm: loose black aleurite-pelitic silts, on which an olive-grey (5Y 4/2);
2–3 mm silt deposit was observed;
26–51 cm: density of deposits increases, content of the silt fraction decreases, color changes to uniform grey (5Y 5/1).
0–9 cm: loose hydric silts of dark yellow-brown (10YR 3/4) color, yellow-brown color on the surface (10YR 4/5);
10–23 cm: grey (10YR 3/1) silts with black (10YR 2/1) inclusions;
23–61 cm: homogeneous dark grey silts (10YR 3/1-4/1);
62–81 cm: homogeneous black silts.
0–1 cm: liquefied aleurite-pelitic silts of dark yellow-brown (10YR 4/4) color:
1–6 cm: dark grey-brown (10YR 3/4-4/4) loose silts;
7–18 cm: black inclusions are observed in dark grey-brown (10YR 3/4-4/4) aleurite-pelitic silts (10YR 2/1);
18–56 cm: sediments are composed of homogeneous dark grey (10YR 3/1-4 / 1) aleurite-pelitic silts, which gradually brighten to grey shades by 71 cm (10YR 4/1-5/1).
Results of Chemical Analysis
On average, the content of the principal macroelements (K, Na, Ca, Mg) in the fault area was higher than in the background areas. Thus, in Columns 37056 and 37057, the K content was 20% higher than in Columns 35084 and 35097. Na was 23%, and Ca and Mg were 46% (Table 3). Moreover, the Fe content (normalizing element, as per Ucinowicz et al. [2011] was similar. On average, it differed by 2%, which falls within the error limit of the determination method. Conversely, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb showed negative dynamics in the fault area, which may be due to their removal from the sediment under the influence of biological processes, or leaching by the groundwater, which is undersaturated with these elements.
The normalization of chemical elements to a natural marker allows for samples with different particle size distributions to be compared. Fe, as the most suitable element for the Gdansk basin [Ucinowicz et al., 2011], was selected as a normalizing agent. The accumulation of Fe is the result of natural processes and of the formation of various clay minerals which form silts (illite, kaolinite, chlorite, etc.). However, K, Na, Ca and Mg can additionally enter the upper part of the sedimentary sheath along with fluids. Normalization to a natural agent with a relatively uniform accumulation allows for such influxes to be identified in the sedimentary mass.
In general, above-limit normalized values of K, Na, Ca, and Mg to Fe for the fault area and background points replicated natural ratios (K – 23%, Na – 27%, Ca – 51%, Mg –42%).
In the vertical distribution of normalized values, the increased values of K and Mg in Column 37056 at a depth of 25–40 cm, and of Mg and Ca in Column 37057, which may indicate endogenous introduction, deserve particular attention (Figure 2).
Cluster Analysis of Columns by Layers
Based on the results of the cluster analysis, significant differences in the grouping of layers by cm were identified in the background and pockmark area columns.
Background Columns
The relationships between the layers distinguish several major groups in the background columns. The surface layer is group A (1–5 cm for Column 35097 and 1–4 cm for Column 35084, Figure 3), and the subsurface group is B, reflecting the interaction of the water column with interstitial water (6–28 cm for Column 35097 and 5–23 cm for Column 35084). Groups C and D make up the lower layers. Layers in Column 35084 are more compressed, probably due to a different sediment accumulation rate. Thus, its larger column length at a lower sediment accumulation rate allows Group D to be singled out.
Column 35084. Differentiation between the surface and lower layers occurs at a bond length of 39 units. Two groups are identified in close proximity to the surface: group A and group B are separated by a bond length of 20 units. Apparently, the current influence of bottom seawater becomes negligible at horizons deeper than 23 cm. The subsurface group B has two subgroups with a bond length of about 12 units (B1 and B2). Groups C and D have a bond length of about 16 units. In group C, the length of bonds between layers C1 and C2 decreases slightly in comparison with group B, and amounts to 10 units. Layers in groups A, B, C and D are classified according to their occurrence (see Figure 3).
Column 35097. Differentiation between groups A and B occurs at a bond length of 22 units. Group C, with a bond length of 39 units, is distinguished separately. In this case, the current influence of bottom seawater does not extend deeper than to 28 cm. Two subgroups with a bond length of about 10 units are distinguished in the subsurface group B and group C (B1–B2 and C1–C2). Layers are classified according to their occurrence (see Figure 3).
Columns in the Fault Area
The thin subsurface layer in the fault area is not classified into a separate group, and it is represented by a lower rank. In the pockmark region, an inconsistent (alternating classification) occurrence of layers by the distribution of elements has been identified.
Column 37056. With a bond length of 57 units, the surface layer is classified as a separate group A, with a thickness of 21 cm, which is divided into subgroups A1 and A2 by 22 units. Although it shows stratification, the consistent sediment occurrence in groups A1 and A2 is more blurred than in the background areas. The absence of a thin boundary surface layer in the background columns indicates, with a high degree of probability, the mixing of sediment by the flows of fluids.
Differentiation between groups B and C occurs at 34 units. In group B (bond length of 16 units), two subgroups B1 (12 units) and B2 (8 units) are distinguished. Layers of 22–26 cm and 40-46 cm fall into subgroup B1, and the intermediate layer of 27–39 cm falls into group B2. For the upper B1 layer, the bonds between marker elements do not exceed 4 units. For B2, they extend to 16 units, and, for the lower B1 layer, they shorten again to 5 units (Figure 4).
Interconnections are similarly distributed in group C (the length of bonds for the entire group is 18 units). Alternating horizons, with layers of 62–70 cm and 77–81 cm, belong to Subgroup C3 (see Figure 3). In C3, the bonds between the marker elements are shortened to 6–7 units, with an average of 20 units for group C.
Such column inconsistency is suggestive of endogenous exposure, most likely due to fluid influx.
Column 37057. Differentiation between surface group A and groups B and C occurs at a bond length of 48 units. As with Column 37056, a thin surface layer, apparently blurred due to internal exposure, is not classified as a separate group. Group A, with a thickness of 20 cm, is divided by layers into subgroups A1 and A2 at a bond length of 20 units.
Groups B (21–40 cm) and C (41–76 cm) are separated at 45 units. B1 and B2 are separated at 10 units and are represented by an ordered stratification of layers; the boundary between B1 and B2 is somewhat provisional. The length of the bonds between the marker elements in B1 and B2 is 13 and 15 units, respectively.
In group C, the division into C1 and C2 occurs at a value of 25 units. The length of the bonds between the layers in C1 and C2 does not exceed 10 units. With increase in depth, the marker elements undergo a shortening of bonds from 16 to 9 units (see Figure 3).
Column Analysis by Chemical Elements
In the statistical analysis of the entire sample of values (Columns 35097, 35094, 37056 and 37057), the group of elements of anthropogenic origin, including Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cu, appears to stand apart.
The accumulation of anthropogenic elements is of high statistical significance and is characteristic of the 0–22 cm layer (Figure 5). The formation of this layer coincides with the age of industrialization [Krek et al., 2019; Ucinowicz et al., 2011]. Strong anthropogenic interference with the environment has led to the establishment of clear relationships between Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu. Distribution of cluster groups in the upper layer replicated the distribution throughout the sample (along the entire length of the columns), indicating that the anthropogenic activity reflected in the surface layer of the sediment exceeded the intensity of natural processes in the area studied. This is a very important issue for further studies of geochemical processes in silt sediments.
The distribution pattern of the elements is quite different below the 0–22 cm layer. The group of Pb, Zn, Cd and Cu is similar to Fe and Zn, which indicates their natural origin. Na, Mg, K have regular close bonds and are close to Ca, As, and Ti. Due to the absence of exposure to the surface, the bonds between Ca and Ti are shortened (Figure 6).
A clear relationship in the 22–84 cm layer between the group of the Na, Ca, Mg, and K marker elements with a bond length of 10 units (Figure 7) is a characteristic of fluid influx into Column 37056. In the remaining columns, this group is not observed and the bonds are more blurred.
The vertical structure and level of interconnections of chemical elements in Column 37056 allow us to assert the existence of additional factors affecting sedimentogenesis. Such dissimilarity with the adjacent Column 37057 cannot be explained by different sediment accumulation conditions. It is difficult to imagine the development of different hydrological and hydrochemical conditions which could determine the distinct mineralogical composition of the deposits on a scale of several kilometers under the halocline in the Gdansk Deep. The proximity of the pockmark to Column 37056 marks the egress of fluid from the sedimentary mass, which apparently created features of repeated stratification.
The principal sources of sediment matter in the Gdansk deep are coastal and submarine nearshore slope abrasion, which significantly exceeds river flow in terms of incoming material [Emelyanov, 1987].
The background columns are located at a considerable distance from Column 37056. However, they are similar by their sea depth and belong to the same sedimentation basin. The shift from reducing conditions to oxidizing in the deep-water part of the Gdansk Deep occurs during large inflows of North Sea waters, resulting in the movement of aerated water, which clings to the eastern slope of the deep. In such cases, the bottom layers of water mix, and the agitated sediment is transported by the generated bottom currents. In the vertical exchange of sedimentary material, the halocline (also known as the pycnocline) serves as a formidable barrier for fine suspension. Halocline and cyclonic circulation in the bottom layer prevents the creation of local anomalies in chemical composition during the influx of sedimentary material from above, along the slope. It is likely that the influx of minerals of terrigenous origin in the form of fine particles will cover significant areas, comparable to the area of the sedimentation basin. The localization of the anomaly of the high Na, Ca, Mg, and K content and its confinement to gas-saturated sediments suggests its endogenous origin.
Increased concentrations of Na, Ca, Mg and K have been identified as a result of the geochemical investigation of bottom sediment columns in the area of tectonic faults of the Russian sector of the Gdansk Deep. The hydrologic regime of the near-bottom layer, sedimentation conditions in the basin under the pycnocline, tectonic faults and the known composition of artesian groundwater suggest that this anomaly is endogenous in origin. The closest bonds of the submarine discharge marker elements in the fault area were found at a depth of 22–84 cm. It appears to be obvious that the discharge occurs in a pulsed mode. The alternation of the B1–B2 and C3–C4 cluster layers in Column 37056 suggests the intermittent flow of fluids. Discharge is most pronounced in layers deeper than 20 cm – the mixing layer. Apparently, this layer is a marker layer, where the effect of submarine discharge changes the order of bonds between the elements and creates a geochemical anomaly due to the introduction of elements from the subsurface.
The reported study was funded by RFBR and Government of the Kaliningrad region according to the research project No. 19-45-390007. Bottom sediments sample collection was done with a support of the state assignment of IO RAS (Theme No. 0149-2019-0013).
Blazhchishin, A. I. (1985) , Lithostratigraphic Complexes of Deepwater Sediments, Litho- and Biostratigraphy of Bottom Sediments of the Baltic Sea, Gudelis V. K. (Ed.), p. 15–53, Mokslas, Vilnius (in Russian).
Blazhchishin, A. I. (1998) , Paleogeography and Evolution of the Late Quaternary Sedimentation in the Baltic Sea, 160 pp., Yantarnyj Skaz, Kaliningrad (in Russian).
Bulczak, A. I., D. Rak, et al. (2016) , Observations of near-bottom currents in bornholm basin, slupsk furrow and gdansk deep, Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 128, p. 96–113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.02.021.
Burnett, W. C., P. K. Aggarwal, et al. (2006) , Quantifying submarine groundwater discharge in the coastal zone via multiple methods, Science of the total Environment, 367, no. 2–3, p. 498–543, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.05.009.
Charette, M. A., K. O. Buesseler, J. E. Andrews (2001) , Utility of radium isotopes for evaluating the input and transport of groundwater-derived nitrogen to a Cape Cod estuary, Limnology and Oceanography, 46, no. 2, p. 465–470.
Earth Physics Institute, RAS (2008) , Comprehensive Seismological and Seismotectonic Studies for Assessment of the Seismic Hazard of the Kaliningrad Territory in 2008, Scientific and Technical Report, O. Y. Schmidt Earth Physics Institute of the RAS, Moscow (in Russian).
Emelyanov, E. M. (1986) , Suspension and Sediment Geochemistry in the Gdansk Basin and Sedimentation Processes, Geochemistry of Sedimentary Process in the Baltic Sea, p. 57–114, Nauka, Moscow.
Emelyanov, E. M. (1987) , Distribution of Chemical Elements and components in Bottom Sediments and Particular Features of their Diagenesis, Sedimentation Processes in the Gdansk Basin (Baltic Sea), E. M. Emelyanov, K. Vypykh (Eds.), p. 217–242, AN USSR, Moscow.
Emelyanov, E. M. (1998) , Ocean Barrier Areas. Sedimentation and Ore Formation, Geoecology, 416 pp., Yantarnyj Skaz, Kaliningrad.
Emelyanov, E. M. (Ed.) (2002) , Geology of the Gdansk Basin. Baltic Sea, 496 pp., Yantarnyj Skaz, Kaliningrad (in Russian).
Emelyanov, E. M. (2017) , Bottom Sediments: Distribution, Particle Size Distribution, Mineralogy, Geochemistry, Baltic Sea System, p. 380–474, Nauchny Mir, Moscow.
Grigyalis, A. A., A. R. Kondratas (Eds.) (1983) , State Geological Map of the USSR on a Scale of 1:200,000. Baltic Series. Sheet N-34-VIII, IX. Explanatory Note, 116 pp., Northwest Territorial Geological Survey, Moscow (in Russian).
Khandros, G. S., Y. O. Shaidurov (1980) , Chemical Analysis of Marine Sediments, 50 pp., Nauka, Moscow (in Russian).
Krek, A., A. Danchenkov, et al. (2019) , Heavy metals contamination of the sediments of the south-eastern Baltic Sea: the impact of economic development, Baltica, 32, p. 1.
Lund-Hansen, L. C., P. Skyum (1992) , Changes in hydrography and suspended particulate matter during a barotropic forced inflow, Oceanologica Acta, 15, no. 4, p. 339–346.
Mohrholz, V., M. Naumann, et al. (2015) , Fresh oxygen for the Baltic Sea – An exceptional saline inflow after a decade of stagnation, Journal of Marine Systems, 148, p. 152–166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.03.005.
Moore, W. S. (2010) , The effect of submarine groundwater discharge on the ocean, Annual Review of Marine Science, 2, p. 59–88, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-120308-081019.
Nikutina, N. G. (2011) , Hydrogeology, State Geological Map of the Russian Federation. Scale 1:1,000,000 (third generation). Central European Series. Sheet N-(34)-Kaliningrad. Explanatory Note: Lukyanova N. V., et al., p. 104–128, VSEGEI Map-Making Factory, SPb.
Oberdorfer, J. A., M. A. Valentino, S. V. Smith (1990) , Groundwater contribution to the nutrient budget of Tomales Bay, California, Biogeochemistry, 10, no. 3, p. 199–216, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00003144.
Otmas, A. A., V. M. Desyatkov, et al. (2006) , Tectonic Zoning of the Kaliningrad Region and the Adjacent Shelf, Geology, Geophysics and Development of Oil and Gas Fields, 8, p. 13–24.
Pempkowiak, J., A. Sikora, E. Biernacka (1999) , Speciation of heavy metals in marine sediments vs their bioaccumulation by mussels, Chemosphere, 39, no. 2, p. 313–321, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00112-5.
Petrov, O. V. (Ed.) (2010) , Atlas of Geological and Environmental Geological Maps of the Russian Area of the Baltic Sea, 78 pp., VSEGEI, SPb. (in Russian).
Roussiez, V., W. Ludwig, et al. (2005) , Background levels of heavy metals in surficial sediments of the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean): an approach based on 133Cs normalization and lead isotope measurements, Environmental Pollution, 138, no. 1, p. 167–177, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2005.02.004.
Rubio, B., M. A. Nombela, F. Vilas (2000) , Geochemistry of major and trace elements in sediments of the Ria de Vigo (NW Spain): an assessment of metal pollution, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 40, no. 11, p. 968–980, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00039-4.
Sidorenko, A. V. (Ed.) (1970) , Hydrogeology of the USSR: Volume XLV: Kaliningrad Region, 158 pp., Nedra, Moscow (in Russian).
Slomp, C. P., P. Van Cappellen (2004) , Nutrient inputs to the coastal ocean through submarine groundwater discharge: controls and potential impact, Journal of Hydrology, 295, no. 1–4, p. 64–86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.02.018.
Sviridov, N. I. (1990) , Geological and Physical Nature of Geoacoustic Anomalies in the Upper Part of the Sedimentary Sheath of the Baltic Sea, Geoacoustic and Gas-Lithogeochemical Studies in the Baltic Sea. Geological Features of Fluid Discharge Areas, Geodekyan A. A., Trotsyuk V. Y., Blazhchishin A. I. (Eds.), p. 47–56, IO AN USSR, Moscow (in Russian).
Sviridov, N. I., E. M. Emelyanov (2000) , Facial and Lithological Complexes of the Quaternary Deposits of the Central and South East Baltic, Lithology and Minerals, 3, p. 246–267, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02821956.
Szymczycha, B., K. D. Kroeger, J. Pempkowiak (2016) , Significance of groundwater discharge along the coast of Poland as a source of dissolved metals to the southern Baltic Sea, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 109, no. 1, p. 151–162, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.008.
Szymczycha, B., A. Maciejewska, et al. (2014) , Could submarine groundwater discharge be a significant carbon source to the southern Baltic Sea?, Oceanologia, 56, no. 2, p. 327–347, https://doi.org/10.5697/oc.56-2.327.
Szymczycha, B., S. Vogler, J. Pempkowiak (2012) , Nutrient fluxes via submarine groundwater discharge to the Bay of Puck, southern Baltic Sea, Science of the Total Environment, 438, p. 86–93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.08.058.
Triponis, A. I. (1973) , Gas and Biochemical Anomalies of Underground Reservoirs in the Area of Intensive Water Exchange and their Relationship with Deep Oil and Gas Potential, In collection "Issues of Oil and Gas Content in the Baltic states". Works of LitNIGRI. Issue 24, p. 169–184, Mintis, Vilnius.
Ulyanova, M., V. Sivkov, et al. (2012) , Methane fluxes in the southeastern Baltic Sea, Geo-Marine Letters, 32, no. 5–6, p. 535–544, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-012-0304-0.
Uscinowicz, Sz., P. Szefer, K. Sokolowski (2011) , Trace Elements in the Baltic Sea Sediments, Geochemistry of Baltic Sea surface sediments, p. 356, Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute, Warsaw.
Ward, J. H. Jr. (1963) , Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58, no. 301, p. 236–244, https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1963.10500845.
Zagorodnykh, V. A. (2011) , Neotectonics, State Geological Map of the Russian Federation. Central European Series, p. 93–98, VSEGEI Map-Making Factory, SPb (in Russian).
Received 26 February 2020; accepted 9 April 2020; published 5 November 2020.
Citation: Krek Alexander, Viktor Krechik, Aleksandr Danchenkov, Galina Mikhnevich (2020), The role of fluids in the chemical composition of the upper holocene sediment layer in the russian sector of the South-East Baltic, Russ. J. Earth Sci., 20, ES6006, doi:10.2205/2020ES000719.
Copyright 2020 by the Geophysical Center RAS.
Generated from LaTeX source by ELXfinal, v.2.0 software package.