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IMF's Manmohan Singh on CCPs: an idea for a new layer for the risk waterfall
Manmohan Singh, the IMF economist, has published a new paper "Limiting Taxpayer "Puts"—An Example from Central Counterparties" (IMF Working Paper WP/14/203), November 2014. We have long admired his work on collateral velocity and were interested to see what he had to say about central counterparties.
The starting point of the paper is that CCPs need to be robust and avoid reliance on taxpayer cash for bailouts.
"…Recognition of the risk that CCPs may be "too important to fail," or systemically important, has led to efforts at both the international and national levels to design specific statutory frameworks for their recovery and resolution, with the stated objective of minimizing the amount of public funds that could be needed for their rescue (Tucker, 2013)…"
The speed at which a CCP could spiral downward and the damage that can be done is significant.
"…The interests of safeguarding financial stability through preserving the continuity of critical services dictates that the recovery and resolution procedure for those entities must be relatively swift and simple and arithmetically supportable. In order to safeguard financial stability, a mismatch in the balance sheet of a CCP has to be arrested at a much earlier stage than would be possible under a regular corporate insolvency framework (Gibson, 2013)…"
"…the classic tools for managing CCP credit and market risk may not perform as well as they have historically, leaving a residual risk that a CCP may exhaust its waterfall of default resources in managing the failure of a significant clearing member. In this light, it might be argued that CCPs have (or will) become, by regulatory fiat, "too important to fail"…"
"…Should CCPs be given a public-interest utility status, becoming entirely user-owned, not-for profit operations?…"
While CCPs have been around for a while, they weren't as complex as those serving the OTC derivatives market.
"…This is unchartered territory, and the past history of CCP failures and bailouts has not been associated with CCPs that were primarily derivative entities…"
So what happens if the risk waterfall is not sufficient to cover losses? Assuming that a collapse of a CCP and the systemic risk radiating out is to be avoided, what is there to do? What options lie in the narrow space between default and tapping taxpayers to foot the bill? Singh has an interesting idea. A layer that comes at the bottom of the risk waterfall, but above a taxpayer bailout (or, we suppose, total meltdown): variation margin gain haircuts (VMGH).
"…A further option for loss allocation is haircutting variation margin so that clearing members on the profitable side of market movements (i.e., opposite the loss-making positions held for the defaulting clearing member) do not receive the entirety of the profits expected…The larger the haircut, the smaller the recourse to government will be needed to keep the CCP operational…"
"…If the waterfall is robust (as CCPs claim they are) then the problem will be solved without recourse to any other mechanism. However, if the waterfall is not robust, then a VMGH would provide a sizable cushion that should be sufficient to cover most jump events, or, at least, delay the demand for government/central banks funds. As end-users will have to contribute in a VMGH (unlike the traditional waterfall structures), it is in their best interest to use CCPs with robust waterfall…"
But is Singh's objective really to advocate VMGH? By showing the worst-case impact (the loss of positive mark-to-market), the alternatives of higher IM and default funds, more capital from the clearing house, etc. doesn't look so terrible. Investors won't know with certainty that on any given day they don't have exposure to VMGH. It is a kind of mutualization on steroids. Alternatively, thicker layers in other parts of the risk waterfall will certainly raise the cost of trading and hurt CCP profitability. But the trade-off vs VMGH might still be appealing to the (risk adverse) investor and their clearing member. CCPs having to pony up more capital may be less thrilled. Will it take much to convince regulators that more protection (of the kind VMGH provides) is better than less (even if this is, as Singh wrote "a tail of tail risk")?
We have just seen the Bank of England take a slightly different approach, confirming that CCPs have LOLR access in the case of liquidity risk (see our November 10th post "The Bank of England explicitly includes CCPs for LOLR access. It is good policy."). But in the US, where CCPs aren't explicitly seen as market utilities that deserve official support, the options in a very high stress scenario aren't that obvious (beyond the mantra that the existing safeguards will be just fine, thank you). As an alternative to a taxpayer funded bailout or systemic collapse, the idea of VMGH may resonate with regulators. Perhaps a dual approach of backstopping a CCP from a liquidity crunch (à la the BoE) while pushing for a more robust risk waterfall — but just short of VMGH — might be the way to thread this needle?
Should CCP default reserves be funded by debt or securitization?
The Bank of England on regulatory arbitrage, CCPs for OTC derivatives and more
EU relaxes derivatives rules - smart economic policy or a reaction to global competition?
ICAP Information Services launches ICAP Equity Derivatives premium pricing service
What is the right business model for FI: agency, principal or a mix of both?
Resilience and opportunity in the securities lending market
How Fnality is advancing wholesale blockchain settlement (Premium)
An Intro to Collateralized Transactions for Students and New Professionals
BoE cannot have it both ways; can't be supporter of VMGH and then also ok for LOLR for CCPs– this is why the abuse of liquidity vs solvency "blur" continues.


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Мина Шпилер () — словенская певица, вокалистка групп Laibach и Melodrom.

Начала свою музыкальную карьеру в группе Melodrom в 1999 году, будучи студенткой факультета искусств. Приняла участие в записи одноимённого альбома группы, который стал дебютом в её музыкальной карьере. С 2006 года выступает в группе Laibach.

Интересные факты
 На концерте Laibach в Москве сама исполняла на русском часть песни «Rossiya». Также в начале концерта она произнесла небольшую речь на немецком.
 Записала кавер-версию песни Ohne Dich группы Rammstein.
 Занималась профессионально стрельбой из лука и гимнастикой

Примечания

Музыканты Laibach

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Own the ultimate outdoor toolkit with the RYOBI 18V ONE+ Camping Combo Kit. No matter where you're headed into the outback, this handy collection can keep you powered in paradise. The Chainsaw is perfect for preparing your firewood and making sure that local trees won't drop branches on your campsite. And when night falls, the Torch will keep your campsite illuminated. You can even charge your phone overnight with the USB Port. Complete with 2 ONE+ Batteries and a Dual Chemistry Car Charger, you'll be ready for every adventure with the RYOBI 18V ONE+ Camping Combo Kit.


The 3 major indexes lost ground today as crude for future delivery got more expensive and a Conference Board report showed that Consumer Confidence is waning; all 30 components in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) lost value today. 1,549,400,130 shares were traded @ The New York Stock Exchange®.
Shares of global #1 retailer and DJIA component Wal-Mart (WMT) lost $1.35 (2.72%) to close @ $48.30.
Shares of DJIA component General Motors (GM) lost $1.51 (5.38%) to close @ $26.57.
Shares of DJIA component Home Depot (HD) lost $0.97 (2.51%) to close @ $37.70.
Shares of pipeline concern Kinder Morgan (KMI) gained $15.90 (18.84%) to close @ $100.31 on news that company co-founder Richard Kinder is spearheading a takeover effort with investors.
President Bush has nominated Goldman Sachs CEO Henry Paulson to be the next Treasury Secretary.
Shares of Goldman Sachs Group (GS) fell by $3.11 (2.03%) to close @ $149.83.
Shares of Tribune Co. (TRB) gained $2.01 (7.21%) to close @ $29.90 on news that the company will buy back $2 billion worth of stock (about 25 percent of shares.) Tribune is the U.S. #2 publisher of newspapers.


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← The Cary Park District Considers Buying Another Golf Course
Signs Favoring County Executive Referendum Appear →
Now or Never PAC (NON-PAC) Justifies Ad Tammy Duckworth Wants Off the Air
A press release from the Now or Never PAC:
NOW OR NEVER PAC
DUCKWORTH (IL-8) TRIES TO GET NOW OR NEVER PAC AD PULLED, CLAIMING IT IS FALSE DESPITE OVERWHELMING PROOF THAT AD IS FACTUAL
Democratic Congressional candidate Tammy Duckworth (IL-8) is attempting to get ads produced by Now or Never PAC pulled from the airwaves.
Duckworth has been contacting stations claiming that the the PAC's ad makes "false claims" about Duckworth's record and is not "accurate."
The ad in question, entitled "Better Off," was released by Now or Never PAC last week:
NON-PAC Television Advertisement: "Better Off"
Duckworth: I think that the people in this district, and especially businesses, are better off.
VO: Better off? Come on, Tammy!
Hard-working families and businesses are struggling.
Better off?
Duckworth support Governor Blagojevich's budget that increased taxes and spending by billions.
As a "Blago" appointee, an audit found Duckworth was guilty of misusing or misreporting four-million dollars of taxpayer money.
Tammy Duckworth, a Blagojevich pal who supports higher taxes and wasteful spending.
Maybe Tammy's better off, but we aren't.
VO: Now or Never PAC is responsible for the content of this advertising
Duckworth is trying to discredit the advertisement and Now or Never PAC by calling the television spot "false." But, the following source information makes it the case against Duckworth clear.
Claim: Tammy Duckworth thinks that the people in her district, and especially businesses, are better off.
Fact: On September 14th, 2012, during a televised 8th Congressional District Debate on WFLD Fox Chicago, Tammy Duckworth said "I think that the people in this district, and especially businesses, are better off."
1. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8kN2taXbtA (Begin Minute 45)
Claim: Hard working families and businesses are struggling.
Fact: Unemployment in the United States has been above 8% for 43 months in a row.
1. http://www.politifact.com/georgia/statements/2012/sep/14/phil-gingrey/unemployment-rate-comparable-great-depression-cong/
Claim: Tammy Duckworth supported Governor Blagojevich's higher taxes and spending.
Fact: Tammy Duckworth Advocated for Governor Blagojevich's Fiscal Year 2008 Budget. Governor Blagojevich's 2008 budget included a "gross receipts tax" on businesses, and called for spending to be increased by $2.3 Billion over the previous year's spending.
1. Support for 2008 Blagojevich Budget: Kurt Erickson, "Duckworth: A 'Perfect Storm' Builds On Vets Care," The [Bloomington, IL] Pantagraph, 3/25/07
2. Tax Increase in 2008 Blagojevich Budget: Courtney Klemm, "VA Director Advocates For 'Families Initiative'," [Illinois] Herald & Review, 3/23/07
3. Increased Spending in 2008 Blagojevich Budget: Chrissy Mancini, "Analysis Of The Fiscal Year 2008 Illinois General Fund Budget Proposal," Center For Tax And Budget Accountability, May 2007
Claim: Tammy Duckworth was an appointee of Governor Blagojevich, and an audit found that Tammy Duckworth was guilty of misusing or misreporting $4 million of taxpayer funds.
Fact: Tammy Duckworth was appointed by former Governor Rod Blagojevich, and was the Executive Director of the Illinois Department of Veterans' Affairs during the period of time in which an audit was conducted by the Illinois Office of the Auditor General. The audit of the Illinois Department of Veterans' Affairs uncovered that more than $4 million in taxpayer funds had been misused or improperly reported.
1. Tammy Duckworth was appointed to be the Executive Director of the Illinois Department of Veterans' Affairs by former Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich: http://www.illinois.gov/PressReleases/ShowPressRelease.cfm?SubjectID=3&RecNum=5542
2. Tammy Duckworth was the Executive Director of the Illinois Department of Veterans' Affairs from 12/15/06 – 2/6/09, and she was the Executive Director during the period in which the Illinois Office of the Auditor General conducted an audit: http://www.auditor.illinois.gov/Audit-Reports/Compliance-Agency-List/DVA/FY08-DVA-Comp-full.pdf. Pages 1 and 77.
3. The Illinois Office of the Auditor General found more than $4 million in misused or misreported funds in an audit of the Illinois Department of Veterans' Affairs while Tammy Duckworth was the Executive Director of the Department: http://www.auditor.illinois.gov/Audit-Reports/Compliance-Agency-List/DVA/FY08-DVA-Comp-full.pdf. Pages 11 – 43.
4. The Illinois Office of the Auditor General states on Page 7 of their audit that "The management of State of Illinois, Department of Veterans' Affairs – Central Office is responsible for compliance with these requirements." http://www.auditor.illinois.gov/Audit-Reports/Compliance-Agency-List/DVA/FY08-DVA-Comp-full.pdf Page 7.
5. Therefore, Tammy Duckworth was the Executive Director of the Illinois Department of Veterans' Affairs, appointed by Gov. Blagojevich, during the period of time in which Illinois Office of the Auditor General found more than $4 million in misused or misreported funds. Further, the Illinois Office of the Auditor General expressed in their audit that it is the responsibility of the Management of the Illinois Department of Veterans' Affairs Central Office to comply with the regulations which were found deficient in the audit. As the Executive Director of the Illinois Department of Veterans' Affairs, Tammy Duckworth was the manager for the Illinois Department of Veterans' Affairs, and therefore she was responsible for the deficiencies found in the audit.
The Now or Never Political Action Committee (NON-PAC) will fight to keep the ads on the air, despite Duckworth's convenient memory-lapse about her time at the Department of Veterans Affairs and her comments that people in her state and district are "better off."
Posted in Ad, Joe Walsh, Now or Never PAC, Tammy Duckworth, Television Ad, TV Ad	permalink
Now or Never PAC (NON-PAC) Justifies Ad Tammy Duckworth Wants Off the Air — 10 Comments
Joe on 10/01/2012 at 3:56 pm said:
You can get false ads taken off the air?
Dee Beaubien should immediately get that totally false McSweeney-says-Beaubien-says -the-tax-increase-is-fair ad taken down immediately.
Jim on 10/01/2012 at 4:08 pm said:
While I admire Tammy's military service, I can not think that she is now anything more than a schill for not only Obama, but also Madigan, Emanuel, Quinn and the rest of the corrupt Illinois Democratic politicians and some corrupt Illinois Republican politicians.
ZORRO on 10/01/2012 at 5:29 pm said:
Jim you have it all figured out correctly'
She is to obama as dee is to madigan.
The difference is with Illinois most all if not all Democrats are corrupt after being trained by madigan,
Get him, quinn and cullerton ouyt and there is a chance Illinois could be turned around.
You need voters to vote for the candidate not the party.
Allen Skillicorn on 10/01/2012 at 8:41 pm said:
Today Duckworth blew off the forum with the Schaumburg Business Association. If she spent more time actually in the district in front of voters, she probably wouldn't have to nitpick commercials.
LuvLuvLinda on 10/01/2012 at 10:19 pm said:
AS – Tammy DID appear at this mornings Schaumburg breakfast.
Allen Skillicorn on 10/01/2012 at 10:35 pm said:
Linda, it was advertised as a candidate forum.
Chris on 10/02/2012 at 6:24 am said:
I walk IL-8 often and notice the abandoned and run down homes.
I talk with the people and hear how they are out of work or struggling to get buy.
I heard from a neighbor about a man who was living on his front porch because the interior of his home was deemed unsafe by Elgin.
They then kicked him off the porch.
I see the businesses that have closed, many of them recently and one within my family.
Look at the amount of shopping plazas that are not full.
Is this prosperity?
Tammy is out of touch with reality. It is a shame that as voters with let her get away with this type of rhetoric.
Joe on 10/02/2012 at 10:24 am said:
I'm sorry you are seeing so much hardship Chris- Congressman Joe Walsh called for the constitution to be read aloud in congress.
Didn't that turn things around for folks?
Chris on 10/02/2012 at 11:37 am said:
Joe, I am unsure why you are bringing up Joe Walsh unless you are just trying to change the subject.
My point is we are hurting and Tammy doesn't get it. How anyone can vote for her after her comments mentioned above is beyond me.
George on 10/27/2012 at 3:31 pm said:
This ad alleges that "an audit found that Duckworth was guilty of misusing or misreporting $4 million dollars of taxpayer money." Here's a link to the actual audit report: http://www.auditor.illinois.gov/Audit-Reports/Compliance-Agency-List/DVA/FY08-DVA-Comp-full.pdf .
The story about the $4 million is on pages 42 and 43 of the audit.
It says that the Illinois Department of Veterans Affairs obtained a grant of over $4 million grant from the federal government under the State Home Construction Grant Program.
The money was used properly for its designated purpose, which was to construct improvements to the Veterans Home in LaSalle, Illinois.
The LaSalle Veterans Home is a 200 bed facility that provides skilled nursing care to veterans who need these services.
The Illinois Department of Veterans Affairs made an important contribution to the success of the construction project by obtaining the grant, and by enlisting the expertise of the Illinois Capital Development Board for the implementation of the project.
The Illinois Department of Veterans Affairs knew that it did not have the architects and engineers that would be needed to properly oversee a construction project like this, so it promptly passed the grant money through to the Illinois Capital Development Board which does have the appropriate expertise.
The construction project was successfully completed, and the audit report does not imply that any money was "misused," or that anyone was "guilty" of any criminal act.
Instead, the audit indicates that in a financial report, the Illinois Department of Veterans Affairs initially missed an opportunity to report the small but important role that it played in the successful completion of this construction project.
The audit says that the Illinois Department of Veterans Affairs later corrected that omission in its financial report.
I am commenting only on the Now or Never PAC's allegation that Tammy Duckworth is guilty of misusing or misreporting $4 million.
Other people might wish to comment about the other claims made in the ad.


The two most striking price-movements in basic materials heading into the new year were the enormous success of oil and gas stocks, as well as the concurrent and precipitous decline of gold stocks.
Over the few days of trading that have taken place so far in 2014, however, independent energy producers have maintained this momentum, while gold stocks seem to be staging what could turn out to be a comeback, likely depending on how the Federal Reserve handles both the transition to a new chairwoman in Janet Yellen, as well as how successful it is in chaperoning the US economy into an era of gradually decreasing Treasury spending.
Indeed, since the waning days of trading in December, gold futures slated for Feb 14 delivery have jumped some 2.60 percent on New York's COMEX to $1,240.90 per ounce. A look at the best-performing stocks in the basic materials sector since the turn of the new year would seem to confirm this.
Indeed, of 2014's five best performing materials equities with a market-share of $300 million or greater, the top two are gold stocks.
Sporting nearly 100 different properties throughout the state of Nevada, Allied's business is based on unrefined gold and silver. The gains so far this year have been impressive, but will have a long way to go to offset a price cut of over 80 percent throughout 2013.
Seabridge makes its business off of North American gold, copper, silver, and molybdenum plays, particularly in Canada. Despite jumping to a 10 percent gain to start off the new year, the company is working against the backdrop of a 2013 during which it saw its shares lose over half of their price.
With presence in some of the best shale plays available throughout the US and Canada, Quicksilver embarks on 2014 carrying the momentum it had built throughout the latter half of the previous year. Indeed, the company is one of the most successful of Equities.com's turnaround stock portfolio, and is up over 9 percent so far after more than doubling its price in the latter half of 2013.
Thompson Creek's business is primarily tied to the mining of molybdenum for alloys, and to a lesser extent gold and copper. The company's strong start to the new year comes on the heels of a 2013 that saw its stock lose about half of its price.
Rentech manufactures and sells nitrogen-based fertilizer products in the US, and also begins its 2014 on much stronger footing than it had ended the previous year, during which the stock took a 50 percent price-cut.
Follow Rentech Nitrogen Partners L.P.


Loose, sagging skin in the neck area is a common issue for both men and women as they age. But neck lift surgery is not an option for everyone. At Daniela Dadurian, M.D., our laser neck lift using the Cynosure PrecisionTx™ is a minimally-invasive method for smoother, tighter skin in the neck area with no downtime necessary.
Contact Daniela Dadurian, M.D. today at any of our Palm Beach County locations to schedule a consultation with Dr. Dadurian and find out if this innovative neck lift technique is right for you.
Although many men and women are interested in combating the visible signs of aging in the neck area, finding a non-surgical option that offers natural, long-lasting results can be challenging. A laser neck lift tightens the skin and restores natural, more appealing contours without the cost and risk of surgery.
During treatment, the specially designed PrecisionTx™ technology is inserted through a tiny incision typically made near the ear to minimize scarring. The thermal heat of the laser is delivered to areas of excess fat and directed downward, disrupting fat cells. The laser heat is then directed upward, targeting upper layers of fat and stimulating the production of new collagen underneath the skin surface.
This process not only melts fat and adds better definition to the neck and jaw area, but lax skin is also tightened and continues to improve over a period of three to six months.
Why Choose a Laser Neck Lift?
Unlike other neck tightening techniques that require weeks of downtime, only one to three days of recovery are required after a laser neck lift.
In comparison to full surgery, recovery from a laser neck lift is significantly shorter and more comfortable. Typically, the tiny incision near the jawline does not require a stitch, and a protective garment may be placed on your head to control swelling and protect the new contours of your head.
Doctor Dadurian will monitor your healing and results through follow-up appointments, and will advise you on how to maintain your results.
Contact Daniela Dadurian, M.D. today to schedule a consultation and find out if you are a candidate for a laser neck lift using PrecisionTx™ technology.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The resulting alcoholic apple cider is oxygenated to form vinegar. Apple Cider Vinegar is a treasure of nutrients like minerals, vitamins and other constituents. It contains vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin P, vitamin, A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and vitamin B6. Apple Cider Vinegar also has a lot of beneficial minerals like manganese, iron, sodium, calcium, magnesium, copper, sulfur, phosphorus, chlorine, silicon and fluorine. Apple Cider Vinegar provides enzymes, amino acids, potash, aldehydes, alcoholic acids, prop-ionic acid, and apple pectin. In total Apple Cider Vinegar have ninety substances in addition to a good number of minerals and vitamins that makes it the ideal component of a balanced diet plan. Apple Cider Vinegar has no side effects what so ever and it is so mild that one can even give it to children.
The use of Apple Cider Vinegar as a means of weight loss is historic. In the ancient Egypt it was used it to loose weight. Apple Cider Vinegar has a detoxifying effect on the liver, and speeds up metabolic rate making the body to burn excess calorie. The method of use is to take 2 tablespoons of Apple Cider Vinegar in a glass of water and sip it throughout the day. One should try to take it with a straw to save his teeth from the acid effects. If one hates the bitter taste can add a natural sweetener like honey should help. Apple Cider Vinegar is also available in tablets and capsules, in case one does not like the taste of vinegar, he can take the tablet or capsule, which are equally effective.
According to some health experts the combination of apple cider with kelp, vitamin B6 and lecithin is much more effective for weight loss than Apple Cider Vinegar alone. Others recommend combining Apple Cider Vinegar with Baking Soda as a sure fire remedy for both fast weight loss as well as great skin.
When buying Apple Cider Vinegar from the market, one should go for 'organic ACV' as this vinegar has the natural enzymes floating around in it. One can recognize them as the stringy blobs floating juicily inside the vinegar. What some people like about Apple Cider Vinegar is that if he is a purist, he can make by himself at home. Apple Cider Vinegar is made from winter and fall varieties of apples. There are quite a few steps in making this at home; one of the important things to remember is to make this mixture in glass, wood, plastic, enamel or stainless steel containers. Metal containers should never be used as the acid will cause corrosion of metal and spoiling of the vinegar through subsequent chemical reactions.
Now a word of caution; some people in their earnest enthusiasm and profound belief in old stories will recommend taking a 'glass' of Apple Cider Vinegar daily. But as this is an acid, one can't put a glass of undiluted acid in his body on a daily basis. ACV is to be diluted to the point of putting 2 tablespoons in a glass of water, that's the healthy rule for the 'vinegar technique' all other extreme doses can be dangerous for health.


Stunning handmade glass wall clock. Set with a funky round black glass face set with an abstract mixed lines design in contrasting green. Around the outside is a dark graphite grey stone border around the glass clock. On the 12 position is a clear fused glass marker. The clock is approximately 24cm diamter and is handmade and to a high design quality, sure to draw comments from everyone who sees it!


JLGX, the division of The Joester Loria Group that represents manufacturers and retailers, announced that Fullcube, Modern Gourmet Foods, and PlayMonster have joined JLGX's growing client roster.
Fullcube is an innovative pioneer in creating modern membership models for enthusiast-based brands to take control of their audience. The Fullcube platform was developed after more than a decade of experience designing, launching and managing premium subscription programs for enthusiast brands including Nascar, This Old House and Turner Classic Movies. It simplifies the consumer experience and maximizes revenue subscription offerings from publishers, media, entertainment and sports companies as well as membership organizations.
Modern Gourmet Foods is a category leader in the food and gift industry. With over 17 years of experience, Modern Gourmet Foods supplies leading retailers with goods and beverage solutions for each season. The company emphasizes quality, branded gifts that are unique, innovative, and of exceptional value. Modern Gourmet Foods delivers exceptional speed to market and has the ability to adapt and customize to specific retailer needs with brands such as Nestle, Godiva, Starbucks, Corona, and Johnsonville.
PlayMonster is a toy and game company that believes in the power of play to make a positive difference in people's lives. With more than 30 years experience delivering great play value by designing, manufacturing and marketing quality products like the award winning The Game of THINGS…, 5 Second Rule, Mirari, Stinky Pig, Yeti in My Spaghetti, Chrono Bomb, OK to Wake! and My Fairy Garden.
JLGX services include competitive analysis, retail trend insights, brand acquisition, inbound licensing opportunity assessment and a certification process that establishes its clients as best in class partners.
License! Global shared the news of JLGX's new partners.


text:
Q: Meteor.js - can I drop into a Meteor shell to try out some JavaScript in my Meteor environment? I often develop in Python and sometimes find it useful to type python at the terminal prompt and drop into a Python shell where I can import various modules and test some behavior.  Node.js has similar functionality if I type node at the command line.
I'd like to do the same now that I'm developing with Meteor.  How can I get to a shell prompt where all the packages I have added with meteor add are loaded and ready for me to play with?

A: Just install node-inspector and then you can easily use the node-debug command to run node-debug mrt.  That should open a debugger console.
You can then just drop a debugger; keyword onto a line anywhere in your code to drop into a REPL like setting.

A: As of recently, meteor shell will give you a REPL into the server process.
Of course, you know this @JoshOwens, I think I heard about this on your podcast :)

A: Node.js and python are both interpreters.
Meteor is a application framework build upon node.js. So testing out code in the way you mentioned is impossible.
You can however use the chrome debugging tools to run client side code within your meteor application.
Executing server side code to see what it does is a bit harder but also not impossible. Best way would probaply to setup nodejs remote debugging and using the debugger. See: Meteor debugging setup

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Dietary Supplements & Food
USP.org
// October 07, 2014
Controlling for Particulate Matter in Injectable Drug Products
Desmond Hunt
Ever since the development of the earliest intravenous therapies, the presence of particulate matter in injectable drug products has been a concern among clinicians.
The presence of particle contaminants has the potential for patient harm, especially among individuals considered to be in high-risk populations.
In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of drug product recalls due to the presence of particulate matter.
These recalls are actions taken by a company to remove a product from the market. A manufacturer recalls a product voluntarily, by request from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or by FDA order under its statutory authority.
Sources of Particulate Matter
In 2007, reported cases of glass particles found in drug products spurred closer examination of particulates and their possible sources. Particulates found in injectable drugs can include fibers, metals, rubber, glass and even precipitates related to drug products themselves. Particulate matter originating from packaging materials and components has emerged as the major source of particulates in drug products.
While some particles are considered "extrinsic" (i.e., can enter the manufacturing process from outside sources, including personnel), others are "intrinsic" to the manufacturing process specific to a drug product.
Since 2008, there has been heightened attention among manufacturers and regulators on particulate matter detection and control.
With current manufacturing capabilities, it is not possible to manufacture injectable drug products that are completely free of particulates. Thus, minimizing their presence during the manufacturing process is a critical step in reducing their presence in the final drug product, which is a critical factor for the health care professional, the manufacturer and the regulator—and ultimately, the patient.
A Minimum Guideline for Manufacturers
In August of this year, a new standard for visible particulate matter—General Chapter <790>—became official in USP's compendia of public standards, U.S. Pharmacopeia—National Formulary.
This standard provides manufacturers with procedures and specifications for detecting visible particulate matter and serves as a starting point for manufacturers working with regulators. If a regulatory agency calls for specifications tighter than those provided in <790>—depending upon a manufacturer's specific product and/or its associated manufacturing process—then a company can work with regulators using the USP standard as a minimum.
Today, manufacturers, regulators and standards-setting organizations like USP continue to work toward manufacturing quality and minimizing harm from particle contamination.
A Growing Understanding of Particulate Matter
With an increasing level of global sourcing and distribution of drug products, attention to the presence and control of particulate matter is more important than ever. Manufacturers must develop and maintain a keen awareness of where their manufacturing processes are most vulnerable to particulate contamination.
To this end, USP is also developing General Chapter <1790>, Visual Inspection of Injections. This standard is designed to give a comprehensive life-cycle approach for understanding particulate matter, where it can come from and how to control it.
USP relies on public comment from critical stakeholders to inform the development of its standards. In early 2015, a proposed version of General Chapter <1790> will be posted for feedback on Pharmacopeial Forum, USP's free-access online source for posting standards and receiving comments.
We encourage all parties interested in the control of particulate matter in drug product manufacturing and distribution chains to provide their input on this standard, General Chapter <790> and other important USP standards by providing comments on Pharmacopeial Forum.
Desmond Hunt, Ph.D., is a senior scientific liaison at USP for distribution, storage and packaging.
Most recent contribution
Developing Quality Standards for Metal Packaging Used in Drug Products
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// July 17, 2019
USP volunteers help shape the future of drug manufacturing...
USP volunteers help shape the future of drug manufacturing
Consistent quality. Greater access. They're what patients deserve and what USP strives to ensure across the globe through the development of public quality standards.
Claudia Costabile, M.A., APR
// June 03, 2019
Quality Standards that Combine Science, Expertise, and Experience to Protect Patients...
The quality of medicine and how it's delivered to patients is fundamental to treating illness and maintaining health. At USP, we help build a safety net across the drug industry and healthcare system to preserve the well-being of patients.
Jaap Venema
// May 07, 2019
USP Volunteers Develop Standard that Improves Test Critical to Cellular Transplant Ca...
For patients needing a bone marrow or stem cell transplant, successful treatment often depends on finding a viable transplant sample with the right amount of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to rebuild the patient's immune system.
Footer Copyright
© The United States Pharmacopeial Convention


text:
// Copyright (c) 2011 Romain Vallet <romain.vallet@gmail.com>
// Licensed under the MIT license, read license.txt

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I've always had a sentimental spot for LEE handloading equipment because it's how I got my start in the handloading game. LEE loaders caught my eye as a youngster and I've been obsessed ever since. Of the approximately 50 calibers I load, 90 percent are loaded with LEE dies on a LEE turret press. I love my other presses for mass-loadings of pet loads but when you need to load 10 of this, 10 of those and 10 of these, the LEE Classic Turret makes it easy — at least until the Auto Breech Lock Pro came along!
As you lower the shell-plate, your brass will automatically load into the shell-plate for the first station of re-sizing and de-priming.
The simplicity of this press is its strong point. It has auto index, meaning every time you pull the handle, the shell plate turns your brass to the next station. Before long, you'll develop a rhythm: pull the handle so the shell-plate is at top position, add a piece of brass, load your primer and lower the shell-plate as you seat your primer. Add your bullet, pull handle, add brass … repeat! It's really this simple plus it costs about 1/3 of the price of the competition's comparative press. The simplicity is perfect for beginners or old pros alike and as you get more familiar, you can even add an automatic brass and bullet feeder to really speed up production.
While first piece of brass is sized/de-primed, add your second piece of brass and prime the primer pocket with the Safety Prime.
Using Breech Locks, you only need to adjust your dies once. Replacing a new die set was just made easier. Rather than screwing around turning dies, a simple drop-and-twist locks the new die in, quick and easy. Just reverse the process, for removing.
For simplicity's sake, I added the LEE Safety Prime to speed up loading primers. And, get this, there's no need to load primer tubes which is a big plus if you ask me. Just unfold the primer tray and place it over your container of 100 primers, flip it over and shake while making sure all primers are upside down. Close the tray and you're ready to go without ever having to touch the primers.
Being a longtime LEE user, I have several LEE Auto Disc Powder Measures and added one for my Auto Breech Lock Pro. It simply speeds the reloading process as my brass is both charged and flared in one step. With the addition of the Auto Disk unit and Safety Prime, I can safely say this press produces ammo as fast as the other popular presses on the market, plus, it has auto index, costs about a third as much and there's no primer tubes.
This modular unit lets you add as many gizmos and gadgets as you want to load your ammo. I like to keep things simple because I handload a lot of different cartridges and now the LEE Safety Prime along with the Auto Disc Powder measure keeps my guns and me happy. I wholeheartedly recommend the LEE Auto Breech Lock Pro for any beginner or experienced case roller who wants to increase production.


DigitalCoin Share Review - Finally Something Legit or Scam?
→DigitalCoin Share Review – Finally Something Legit or Scam?
DigitalCoin Share Review – Finally Something Legit or Scam?
Welcome to my DigitalCoin Share Review!
Chances are you been looking for this business opportunity, but you want to make sure it's legit.
If you hop on the actual website, you will learn that there is no information on who runs or owns the company.
A little background check on the DigitalCoin Share domain "digitalcoinshare.com" and found out it was registered on November 20th, 2017.
I did find a marketing video that is hosted on a JW Player platform with the name "Steve Baran".
Now, I am not sure if he's the owner or just an affiliate.
A little background check on Steve Baran and you will see he promoted companies like Talk Fusion and Skinny Body Care.
Unlike all the other DigitalCoin Share reviews, I am doing my best to stay unbaised as possible.
DigitalCoin Share doesn't have any retail products or services, but you can promote the affiliate membership.
With the affiliate membership, you get access to a third-party discount travel and e-commerce platforms.
By the way, if you are looking for eCommerce, check out The Wealth Network.
Once you have members fill the 2×2 matrix, you cycle out and make a commission.
By the way you get 50% match on your personally sponsored members.
DigitalCoin Share members who sponsor two members within 30 days will get a Fast Start Bonus.
If you want to be part of ALL of the tiers, you must put in $1995.
Again, I am the type who just calls it as it is so you don't have to worry about anything.


Hi Guys, Mamie here, I have a sweet card to share with you today that features Lawn Fawn's Pop Up dies and Turkey Day stamp set. This was my first time using the pop up dies and they are really fun. The set comes with several sizes to use for different designs.
Join me in the video below to see how I created this precious Thanksgiving Pop Up scene card. As always, all the supplies I used are listed below. Don't forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel here and to visit Katscrappiness.com to see all the latest products in stock.


It's time for me to come out of a dark closet. I am a proud non-believer, a better-than-thou, evangelical atheist, if you will. And that's not a comfortable position to take in the United States today where one is expected to pay polite attention to public displays of religion. In recent years, such displays have become common as conservative Christian religious groups, under the leadership of charismatic gurus grown wealthy on the donations of the faithful, attempt to assert their authority in public affairs.
Evangelical Christians have been working for decades to get themselves elected to school boards and political offices. Concentrating on certain wedge issues such as school prayer, abortion, and marriage laws, they have organized into a powerful voter group.
The first Bush president, G. H. W. Bush, summed it up pretty well when he said in August of 1987, while campaigning for president, "No, I don't know that Atheists should be considered as citizens, nor should they be considered as patriots. This is one nation under God." This foolishness is as bad as the ranting of his spoiled son who, if you believe him, has the special ability to talk with God.
"A woman could never be president."
"A black could never be president."
"A Catholic could never be president."
"A Jew could never be president."
Any of these possibilities are widely accepted today. Why, we are almost on the verge of thinking that a gay person could become president. They are certainly well represented in our congress, state governments, and in business where they seem to perform as well as any others in responsible positions.
By now, even the Irish, Italians, Blacks and, yes, a Hispanic here and there, move into high offices and lucrative jobs. Of course, we are still not quite sure about those Muslim guys. All of these groups now have better opportunities than ever before in our society. We're learning that hate doesn't pay, but the lessons never seem to end.
The Bible is not my book nor Christianity my profession. I could never give assent to the long, complicated statements of Christian dogma. -- Abraham Lincoln, American President (1861-1865).
Lincoln did not deny the existence of a god and, although religion was not a part of Lincoln's personal life, he went on to noble tasks such as freeing the slaves and saving the nation. Today we need to put respect for non-belief back in the main stream of American life. Speaking of dead presidents, George Washington was not a Christian; he ignored the whole religion question in his public life. Most of our founding fathers were either agnostics or theists who did not believe in a personal god, and almost all of them believed absolutely in the separation of church and state. Ben Franklin, Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson, U.S. Grant . . . the list goes on. Eminent scientists like Albert Einstein and Carl Sagan, poets and authors such as P.B. Shelly and Earnest Hemmingway, tycoons such as Andrew Carnegie, the list of prominent agnostics is a very long list.
While breaking down discrimination in many areas, we seem to have moved backward when it comes to accepting the fact that many Americans just ignore religion and want to keep it out of public affairs. But, freedom from religion is just as important as freedom of religion.
I can't remember at time in my own life when I took any religious mythology seriously. Oh, I heard all the Bible stories, was forced to attend church for brief time, and pretended to pray in public when ceremony demanded it. I even got married in a church. But, I was never and am not now a believer. I suspect that many churchgoers, even many church officials, are not real believers in the literal gospel, but I learned early in life that it is not polite to raise questions or express doubts when the righteous bring up their mission in life. I think differently now.
Atheists and agnostics prefer to avoid arguments about religion. But, not any more.
If I tell others that I am an atheist, it should not be taken as an insult to their beliefs or their church. I don't think they have any reason to be uncomfortable with me. They have no reason to be angry with me. I don't subvert their belief systems or try to take faith away from people. I am an atheist, and there is nothing wrong with me! I am not dangerous! My ideas deserve as much respect and air time as theirs.
And when others inject religion into a conversation, I will challenge them just the way, as a non-smoker, I refuse to breathe second hand smoke. Keep your religion at home or in church.
It's nice not to feel so alone, to hear friendly voices. It's nice to be out of that damn closet.
I prefer to think of myself as a rational or secular humanist since words like atheist and agnostic define what a person is not. But if you are a non-believer, let it show. Get the T-shirt, apply a bumper sticker, and speak out whenever the religionists try to push God, prayer or liturgy into a public event. We're not out to convert anyone or rob people of their religious faith. We believe that a spiritual life is personal property, that moral behavior does not require religion, and we want to be left alone. We're just another minority that wants respect and equal opportunity.


The effect of salinity, temperature, nitrate, phosphate, and chlorophyll a concentration were evaluated on the body length and egg production of copepods (Oithona nana, Oithona similis, Paracartia grani and Mesochra lilljeborgi) and Artemia salina. Sampling was conducted in four ponds of increasing salinity in solar saltern of Sfax (Tunisia) between June 2010 and May 2011. The results of the present study showed that, among the parameters considered, salinity was the major factor influencing the body length (R2 = 0.8007) and egg production (R2 = 0.8077) of studied species. Female species were longer than male species and body size decreases as salinity increases. The results suggest that biometric and egg production of zooplankton seemed to be related to the salinity, to the nitrate concentration and chiefly to alimentation.
Aguilera VM, Vargas CA, Manr?quez PH, Navarro JM, Duarte C(2013)Low-pH freshwater Ddischargesdrive spatial and temporal variations in life history traits of neritic copepod Acartia tons.. Estuaries and Coasts36: 1084-1092.
Scor-Unesco 1(966) Determination of Photosynthetic Pigments in Sea Water. UNESCO, Paris.


text:
Q: Как получить доступ к DIV внутри DIV? Есть такой код html:

Some Text

Post Title

Надо запарсить 2-й блок fullnews-header, пропустив первый fullnews-header, в котором лежат ссылки. Как это сделать? Laravel / PHP. Готовый парсер есть уже, только заходит в первый блок fullnews-header...

A: В Laravel, кажется, есть встроенные инструменты из компонентов Symfony, но стандартными средствами это можно сделать так:
$html = '

Some Text

Post Title

';

$dom = new DOMDocument();

$dom->loadHTML($html);

$xpath = new DOMXPath($dom);

$container = $xpath->query("//*[contains(concat(' ', normalize-space(@class), ' '), ' fullnews ')]")[0];

$node = $xpath->query("//*[contains(concat(' ', normalize-space(@class), ' '), ' fullnews-header ')]", $container)[1];

var_dump($node->textContent);

http://sandbox.onlinephpfunctions.com/code/a895ca8f4929f3c69f7dacbb17530a159f2e077b


text:
'Indo-Myanmar friendship gates 1, 2 to remain closed till January 31'
A high level committee meeting between India and Myanmar will be held on January 5 in Mandalay to discuss reopening of the border by taking up all necessary measures for keeping the spread of COVID-19 in check.
By IFP Bureau | Updated on: Jan. 2, 2021, 2:33 p.m.
The District administrator Tamu Myanmar Kyaw Win Oo has intimated the deputy commissioner Tengnoupal district that the Indo-Myanmar friendship gates number 1 and 2 will remained closed till January 31.
The development comes three days after Lok Sabha MP RK Ranjan informed that a high level committee meeting between Myanmar-India is likely to be held at Mandalay to discuss reopening of border.
The Tamu administrator on Thursday sent an official letter to its counterpart explain that to the gate will remained closed to manage the spread of Coronavirus.
RK Ranjan speaking during a seminar on post COVID-19 cross border trade at Moreh stated that a high level committee meeting between India and Myanmar will be held on January 5 in Mandalay to discuss reopening of the border by taking up all necessary measures for keeping the spread of COVID-19 in check.
The seminar organised by the Border Trade and Chambers of Commerce (BTCC), was attended by representatives of different civil bodies of the Moreh town, Government officials among others.
Many representatives of civil bodies, traders alike who attended the seminar aired their hardship due to the closure of the border trade. They drew the attention of the authority to re-open the border to resume normal trade.
On March 9, Manipur government sealed the Indo-Myanmar border along Moreh town in Tengnoupal district indefinitely after the country was gripped with COVID-19 pandemic. Moreh which is 110 km away from Imphal is often described as the gateway to Southeast Asia.
First Published:Dec. 31, 2020, 11:51 p.m.
border trade. moreh,
Indo-Myanmar friendship gates,


PARIS (AP) — French presidential hopeful Francois Fillon's campaign hit its first major hurdle Wednesday, when financial prosecutors opened a preliminary investigation following claims that his wife was paid about 500,000 euros ($537,000) with parliamentary funds while holding a fake job.
France's financial prosecutor launched its probe into suspected embezzlement and misappropriation of public funds just hours after Le Canard Enchaine newspaper reported that Penelope Fillon earned the money as a parliamentary aide to her husband during his tenure as a lawmaker without actually working.
Fillon, the conservative candidate in France's spring election, blasted the report, saying he hopes to talk to the financial prosecutor's office as quickly as possible to "re-establish the truth."
The probe "will allow me to silence this campaign of calumny and end these baseless accusations," he said.
He did not deny that his wife was a paid aide, saying instead he was surprised that "such old and legal acts" are in the news three months ahead of the presidential election.
It's not illegal for French legislators to hire their relatives as long as they are genuinely employed.
According to the weekly newspaper, which said it had access to Penelope Fillon's pay slips, the candidate's wife was paid by her husband from 1998 to 2002 when he was lawmaker serving his native Sarthe region.
When Fillon was handed a minister position in 2002 under Jacques Chirac's presidency, Penelope Fillon became an assistant to Marc Joulaud, who replaced her husband at the French parliament. Le Canard Enchaine said her wages went up during that period, earning between 6,900 to 7,900 euros a month before taxes.
The newspaper claims that she was re-employed by her husband for at least six months in 2012 after Francois Fillon was elected Paris legislator.
As the conservative nominee, Fillon, a former prime minister, has been championing transparency and deep cuts in the ranks of civil servants to lower state spending. Early opinion polls suggest that he and far-right National Front leader Marine Le Pen could advance to the second round of the April-May election.
During a trip to the southwestern city of Bordeaux, the conservative candidate hit back at the report, slamming the newspaper for what he called a misogynistic approach.
He said he was "outraged by the contempt and the misogyny in this story. Just because she is my wife, she should not be entitled to work? Could you imagine a politician saying, as this story did, that the only thing a woman can do is making jam? All the feminists would scream."
Fillon spokesman Philippe Vigier earlier insisted that Penelope Fillon's work wasn't fictional.
Benoit Hamon, who is vying with former Prime Minister Manuel Valls to be the Socialists presidential candidate and could face Fillon in the presidential race, proposed that, in the future, close relatives of politicians should not be hired and paid for by parliamentary funds.
"Lawmakers should not be allowed to hire their children, cousins, relatives or wives anymore," Hamon told French public TV.
Replaces paragraph 8 to correct spelling to Jacques instead of Jacque.


text:
Plauener Spitze has been famed around the world as a product of Saxon textile art for over 120 years. Generations of family manufacturing businesses dedicate themselves partly to loving handicraft. The precious filigree embroidery makes interior design dreams come true in the form of drapes and table cloths. It also adorns bridal and festive wear, lingerie and dessous, enchanting its wearer at every turn.
Table linen and window dressing made of Plauen lace enjoy great popularity particularly at Christmas time. Sophisticated seasonal motifs and fine materials immerse your rooms in a festive magnificence, so why not indulge yourself or spoil your loved ones with a very special gift?
Lace is as old as fashion itself and originally comes from Italy. As a product of 16th century Renaissance art, lace gave the ostentatious clothes of this period the last word in chic.
Milan, Plauen, Paris – a success story
Plauen lace and embroidery are rooted in a centuries-old tradition of textile-making in and around Plauen. As far back as the 15th century, Plauen was a centre for clothmaking and cotton weaving; the embroidery industry as such can be said to date from 1780. With the development of the machine-embroidered tulle, guipure and etched lace in 1880, the scene was set for an economic boom in the Vogtland, particularly the town of Plauen. Etched or also guipure lace began to sweep the world under the name "Plauener Spitze".
At the World's Fair held in Paris in 1900, Plauener Spitze was awarded the Grand Prix on 18th August. After a decline in fortunes as a result of the war and the centralist approach of contract work during the GDR years, the region's lace business has visibly picked up once more. Today around 50 businesses are active in the sector. The individual businesses belong to the trade association Plauener Spitze und Stickereien e. V. for the purposes of brand protection, and Plauener lace is now once again sought after on the national and international market.
Particularly valuable clothes and examples of Plauen embroidery art as well as sophisticated embroidery techniques from various periods can be admired on a visit to the Plauen Embroidery Museum at the old Plauen Rathaus (town hall).


text:
< Powrót Interactive map
1-2 stars
Breakfasts and lunches
Culture and events
For families/children
The world of cuisine
Bowling and pool
Fitness and exercises
Alcohol and substances
Amber and jewellery
Where? Kraków Warsaw Wrocław
What is worth seeing in Warsaw?
Warsaw is a city which combines past with future in a consistent way. The landscape of the city is dominated by the monumental Palace of Culture and Science. Still, it is surrounded by modern skyscrapers whose number has been growing and growing in recent time.
You can learn a lot about the national heritage thanks to museum institutions: the Historical Museum of Warsaw, the Warsaw Rising Museum, the Fryderyk Chopin Museum or the National Museum ‒ it is worth learning the history which they offer. Other places, such as Copernicus Science Centre, will surely draw you away from the historical atmosphere and take you to the interesting world of science.
Warsaw is a city which thanks to a dynamic progress has been turned into a popular economic, scientific and cultural centre of the middle east part of Europe in recent years. Many monuments and other buildings such as the Royal Castle, the Palace in Wilanów, the Royal Łazienki, the Powązkowski Cemetery, St. John's Archcathedral and the Ujazdów Castle are really impressive. In memory of an exceptionally important moment, which was changing the political system in 1989, the Presidential Palace, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and the Belweder were wonderfully reconstructed.
In the Old Town, also a charming place, you can see monuments such as the Sigismund's Column, St. John's Archcathedral, the Mermaid statue, the Gnojna Mountain, the Barbican, Jan Kiliński monument and the Little Insurgent Monument. The Old Town market, where various events have been held for ages, is also noteworthy.
In the New Town, so the part of the city which was a separate town until the 18th century, you will see the Church of the Holy Spirit. While walking in the maze of lovely local streets, you can come across many atmospheric cafés and restaurants. The New Town market contains monuments such as St. Kazimierz Church or the Church of the Visitation of the Most Blessed Virgin Mary. Nowadays, there is a cast-iron well with the crest of the New Town in its centre. In the past, a town hall used to stand there. In close vicinity, there are the Warsaw Rising Museum and the beautiful Krasiński Palace.
During a walk in Warsaw, you should also pay attention to monuments of meritorious Poles: Nicolaus Copernicus, Bolesław Prus, Fryderk Chopin, king John III Sobieski and many others. It is worth visiting the Warsaw Zoo, which was opened in 1928, for some rest. Today, lots of rare species live there.
Wybrzeże Kościuszkowskie 20
Powązki Cemetery
ul. Powązkowska 14
Plac Zamkowy 4
The Royal Łazienki (Łazienki Królewskie)
ul. Agrykoli 1
Centre for Contemporary Art Ujazdowski Castle (Centrum…
ul. Jazdów 2
Warsaw Philharmonic
ul. Jasna 5
National Museum in Warsaw (Muzeum Narodowe w Warszawie)
Warsaw Rising Museum (Muzeum Powstania Warszawskiego)
ul. Grzybowska 79
Ghetto Heroes Monument (Pomnik Bohaterów Getta)
ul. Zamenhofa 11
Old Town (Stare Miasto)
Plac Zamkowy
Warsaw City Tours
ul. Marszałkowska 140
Best lunches in Warsaw
Dom Polski
Polska Różana Restaurant
Warszawski Sznyt
Flaming&Co
Afternoon with a cup of coffee...
Dom Polski - Belwederska
The Dom Polski restaurant expands its activity! The well-known…
A warm, stylish, white interior. White armchairs, chairs, lamps…
Endorfina Foksal
The Endorfina restaurant is situated in the Zamoyski Palace,…
Delikatesy Esencja
Delikatesy Esencja is a place which residents of Warsaw can…
Dom Polski Restaurant
Restaurant Dom Polski These days, when we're surrounded by…
An amazing laboratory of flavours in Warsaw – The Alchemist
The number of pubs in cities is constantly growing – no wonder,…
Senses Restaurant
The Michelin Guide has been published for over 100 years to…
More than just a shopping center
KLIF Fashion Mall is a unique place on the map of Warsaw. Customers…
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Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon explain how their creative impulses led to collaborating on Rick and Morty. Can you imagine anyone else voicing Morty? You'll be surprised how close that came to happening.
Read More "Rick and Morty Creators, Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon, Share Their Origin Stories"


Our Products >> ORCHID NUTRIENTS ~ Fertilizers ~ Insecticides ~ Fungicides >> Maxicrop Liquid Seaweed -gal. Encourages dramatic root growth!
Maxicrop Liquid Seaweed -gal. Encourages dramatic root growth!
Maxicrop Liquid Seaweed - gallon - Encourages dramatic root growth!!!


text:
Mujhe Khuda Pay Yaqeen Hai Geo Drama Cast Real Name and Pics
February 1, 2021 July 12, 2022 Dumb People
Mujhe Khuda Pay Yaqeen Hai is a Geo TV drama with a very interesting story. Nimra Khan and Agha Ali are lead actors in the drama. Here we have the complete cast name and pics of the Geo TV Drama Mujhe Khuda Pay Yaqeen Hai.
Mujhe Khuda Pay Yaqeen Hai Geo Drama Cast Name
Nimra Khan as Rida
Yashma Gill as Nazneen
Agha Ali as Hammad
Asim Mehmood
Gul-e-Rana
Semi Pasha
Nimra Khan has played the lead role of Rida in Geo Drama Mujhe Khuda Pay Yaqeen Hai. Nimra Khan is a beautiful and brilliant Pakistani actress. She has appeared in many dramas in the lead role. KhoobSerat is among her latest dramas for Geo TV in which she played a negative role.
Yashma Gill is appearing as Nazneen in the drama serial Mujhe Khuda Pay Yaqeen Hai. She is appearing in a negative role in the drama. She has already played such characters with perfection in many dramas. Her acting in Pyar Ke Sadqay was admired by her fans.
Agha Ali is playing the lead role of Hammad in the drama serial Mujhe Khuda Pay Yaqeen Hai. He is one of the most handsome and amazing Pakistani actors. He has worked in many dramas and played a lead role in the majority of them. Agha Ali is married to actress Hina Altaf.
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text:
Psychological Operations – Lessons Learned
By U.S. Army Press Release	- January 3, 2020
PSYOP students in the 80th Training Command's Psychological Operations class practice skills they learned in the classroom with role players at the Milpitas MOUT site, Fort Hunter Liggett, California, June 19, 2019. (Photo by Cynthia McIntyre)
Tragedy greets the American psychological operations team as it goes through the village of Pine Branch, on a distant continent. Someone in a Humvee has killed a little girl, and the villagers are angry. The Soldiers in full battle rattle are stopped by the police chief, who shouts, "You should be ashamed of yourselves."
As they approach the family's home, the girl's aunt shouts through tears, "Haven't you done enough damage already?" She shows the Soldiers where the girl was struck, her stuffed animal still in the road. "That is her blood," says the distraught aunt. She takes out a photograph. "This is Dora."
The team leader, Spc. David Anderson of the 362nd PSYOP Co. out of St. Louis, Missouri, takes off his helmet and sunglasses to appear less threatening, and listens with concern as she expresses her rage and grief. "Is there anything I can do to help you?" he asks, promising to talk to his commander about providing funeral expenses. While he speaks, another Soldier takes notes, and a third stands guard.
An Army instructor observes the whole thing.
Pine Branch is actually a mock village at Fort Hunter Liggett, California. The scenario is just one of many the PSYOP Army Reserve Soldiers (along with Marines, who do not have their own PSYOP school) will encounter in their eight days in the field on this past June. The villagers are role players who inhabit their characters like pros, even though most are from the local community. The intent is to provide the most realistic encounters possible where the Soldiers may need to quell disputes, build trust, gather information, and help a town reclaim its autonomy from enemy influence.
The course, part of The Army School System (TASS) of the 80th Training Command, puts students through a month-long course culminating in an 8- to 10-day village scenario where they are faced with angry townspeople and egotistical leaders, as well as those who are willing to work with the foreign military to achieve peace. The scenarios test their wits as they learn people-skills necessary to mission success.
Following the after-action review (AAR), Anderson said he didn't expect the training to be so personal and emotional. "I was expecting more of a cookie-cutter kind of situation. It's definitely fun, and I'm enjoying it."
Spc. David Anderson and his team are confronted by the aunt of a young girl killed by a Humvee in a psychological operations training scenario at Fort Hunter Liggett, California, June 2019. (Photo by Cynthia McIntyre)
Each participant takes turns as team lead, recorder, and security during the various scenarios, which include a farmer's market, threats against the town, and destruction of property by careless Army personnel. Each encounter is a chance to build trust, learn to navigate cultural differences, and know what it's like to be seen as a hostile force by some.
In the AAR which follows each scenario, instructor Sgt. 1st Class Don Fabian from the PSYOP command, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, told them, "Be personal. Let them know you care. This (situation) is detrimental to coalition forces operating in the area and you want the people to know we are working to prevent this from happening again."
He criticized the security person, Spc. David Schneider, for having his hands on his weapon when tensions got hot. "You're trying to calm them," he said. "Unless it starts to get violent and they're pushing and shoving, you don't have your hands on the weapon. You push it off to the side."
Schneider, from the 345th PSYOP Co. out of Dallas, Texas, later said, "They definitely put a lot of thought and effort into this, more so than I expected. I was taken off guard that there were people for us to interact with."
The recorder, Spc. Michael McKimm with the 350th PSYOP out of Twinsburg, Ohio, said, "There's only so much you can learn sitting in a classroom." He is reclassifying from a 12B combat engineer military occupational specialty (MOS). He said the situation could have gone one of two ways. "Either we were successful in consoling the aunt, or it could turn bad real quickly. So, that had me a little bit nervous."
Another team's mission was to build rapport with the town minister. Staff Sgt. Justin Villorante, 306th PSYOP Co. in Los Alamitos, California, said, "The most important point I learned here today is to come out of yourself and consider somebody else's perspective."
Spc. Kevin Church from the 345th PSYOP Battalion out of Lewisville, Texas, said psychological operations is really being a sales person, and that fits right into his desire to be an entrepreneur. "We're selling products, selling ideas, and influencing people."
A third team visited the belligerent police chief. During the conversation, they were interrupted by a disruptive prisoner in the next room, who was repeatedly beaten by the chief. Clearly uncomfortable with that treatment, Staff Sgt. Ryan Moore with the 344th PSYOP Co. Austin, Texas, first complimented the chief on doing a great job keeping the town secure and asked what the Army could do to help. He also convinced the chief to allow them to take the prisoner into custody, stating the reasons it would benefit the town.
"Letting the town see that you let a medic come look at him," said Moore, "now I can bring a good report to my commander."
"That makes sense," said the chief.
Moore, who is a high school history teacher, is reclassifying from his Reserve MOS as an 11B infantryman. He said, "Infantry is always kinetic and a hands-on, action-type job. PSYOP is thinking outside of the box and trying to come up with new ways of doing things. I think it's really pertinent to the type of fight we're in, that we have been in for the past 17-18 years."
The biggest lesson for him is planning and adaptability. "Having a good team to give you good ideas, being able to adjust to whatever they throw out at you is the biggest thing."
Soldiers visiting the chief of police during a psychological operations training scenario become concerned about the mistreatment of a prisoner in the adjacent cell. The PSYOP course at Fort Hunter Liggett, California trains Soldiers and Marines to build trust among the village leaders and to navigate cultural differences while trying to keep the peace among different factions. (Photo by Cynthia McIntyre)
When an entire herd of goats critical to the town's livelihood is killed by another coalition vehicle, the whole town is enraged. "How are you going to replace a genetic line that is lost?" wails one woman. "They keep telling us they're here to help us. Well, this isn't exactly helping us now, is it?"
Cpl. Tyler Horton, Marine Corps Information Operations Center, Quantico, Virginia led the team to talk to the farmer whose goats were killed. "I deeply apologize on behalf of the whole United States Army about this situation," he said in a Kentucky drawl. "I don't want this to impair our relationship. I have grown very fond of everybody in this town and I would like to see us as friends," he told the farmer. "What would you like us to do?"
"This could be an international incident," angrily claims the farmer.
When the onlookers continue shouting, Horton, the farmer and the preacher step into an office to discuss the situation in a calmer fashion. Horton said there would be a financial compensation as well as actions taken to make sure the civilians and their property would be safe. "Sir, I'm hurt by this. I feel at home in this place. It reminds me of my hometown. I'm really sorry about this."
Outside, Church led the townspeople in prayer, which quieted the protest. Church later said, "I know they're a religious kind of community. Whenever something tragic happens in a lot of religious communities they tend to get together and pray about it. I thought it would be a good idea to do the same thing here. That communicated the spirit of us being sorry and wanting to correct the situation."
The instructor praised the team for how they handled the contentious situation.
After the AAR Horton said, "Those were definitely curve balls. We had to adapt and overcome very quickly. It was a very good scenario."
Sgt. 1st Class Brandon Skolnick, who manages the field training exercises, comes from Fort Bragg to assist the schoolhouse. He's deployed to Iraq and twice to Afghanistan as a PSYOP specialist. He said of the Soldiers and four Marines in the course, "By now they've gotten into the rhythm of being able to communicate with the key leaders. Some people know to pull the antagonizer out of the crowd, talk everyone down and communicate their intent clearly. One of my detachment NCOs told me there's a team that he'd deploy with right now, they're just that good."
Staff Sgt. Ryan Moore and his psychological operations team visit the village's chief of police during a training scenario at Fort Hunter Liggett, California in June 2019. Their challenge was finding common ground with the belligerent lawman and persuading him to turn over a prisoner they felt was being mistreated. Fort Hunter Liggett's 80th Training Command (TASS) conducts a month-long PSYOP course for Soldiers and Marines reclassifying their military occupational specialties. (Photo by Cynthia McIntyre)
On the 8th and final day in Pine Branch, the PSYOP teams did not know the role players were instructed to be particularly vociferous and strident in order to test the teams' ability to control the chaos. A town meeting was conducted outdoors, and there were factions shouting at each other about a threatening letter received overnight, and vandalism in the town. The PSYOP teams were on the periphery as the mayor pleaded with the townspeople. "Will we continue with our association with the United States Army?" he asks the crowd. "They have done nothing but help us. Do we want to be left out in the cold and have them leave?"
During the AAR, Fabian said, "That was a little crazy. Sadly, your passiveness facilitated a good bit of this, right? There were people riled up, angry. You guys need to be involved in calming that. You guys are (supposed to be) mentoring and leading these people."
He gave examples of how they could have interacted with the various personalities to gain control of the meeting.
"You are the calming force. You are the behavior changers. You control this whole environment. So when this thing gets out of control, sadly that was on y'all. There were some good attempts, some good intentions."
Fabian stressed that mission planning should always include how to handle disruptive people, and that means influencing the town officials to act in ways that calms the situation, without the military taking charge themselves.
Fabian continued, "The best PSYOPers don't get any credit for all the great stuff that's happening. You let the mayor look good, you let the sheriff look good, you let the preacher look good. Now you know how to facilitate these people."
Anderson said the rapport they had developed with some of the villagers paid off. "A lot of those key individuals stood up for us." He said the role players inhabited their roles so well it was difficult to know if they were just acting, or were genuinely angry. Putting the mission first kept that from hindering him.
McKimm said that making mistakes during training is the best way to learn. "When you go downrange, that's the kind of place you don't want to make mistakes."
Villorante said, "In other MOSs outside of PSYOP you're used to taking direct action, going right at an objective. PSYOP is more complex. You have to feel a situation out. You're trying to operate through other people and facilitate others to accomplish a mission, which is a new perspective for me and something invaluable that I learned from the town hall today."
Villorante added, "The authenticity of the role players really contributed to the quality of the training."
The biggest lesson for Horton was, "Expect the unexpected. Plan ahead as far as possible." He quoted Mohammed Ali: "'Everybody has a plan until they get hit.'"
Shortly after the contentious town meeting, the role players became their real selves as they greeted the Soldiers and Marines they put through the emotional wringer. One of the most antagonistic personalities was all smiles as she shook their hands. "Remember," she said, "I was playing a role!"
For the new PSYOPers, that summed up their own experiences. They, too, have roles to play as they deploy to work with friendly communities against hostile entities. By being true to the Army Values, they can manifest empathy, sincerity, and human connection to accomplish the mission and help a country regain its self-reliance.
Story by Cynthia McIntyre, Fort Hunter Liggett Public Affairs Office
By U.S. Army Press Release


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text:
#ifndef MULTI_GRID_OCTREE_DATA_INCLUDED
#define MULTI_GRID_OCTREE_DATA_INCLUDED

#define GRADIENT_DOMAIN_SOLUTION 1	// Given the constraint vector-field V(p), there are two ways to solve for the coefficients, x, of the indicator function
									// with respect to the B-spline basis {B_i(p)}
									// 1] Find x minimizing:
									//			|| V(p) - \sum_i \nabla x_i B_i(p) ||^2
									//		which is solved by the system A_1x = b_1 where:
									//			A_1[i,j] = < \nabla B_i(p) , \nabla B_j(p) >
									//			b_1[i]   = < \nabla B_i(p) , V(p) >
									// 2] Formulate this as a Poisson equation:
									//			\sum_i x_i \Delta B_i(p) = \nabla \cdot V(p)
									//		which is solved by the system A_2x = b_2 where:
									//			A_2[i,j] = - < \Delta B_i(p) , B_j(p) >
									//			b_2[i]   = - < B_i(p) , \nabla \cdot V(p) >
									// Although the two system matrices should be the same (assuming that the B_i satisfy dirichlet/neumann boundary conditions)
									// the constraint vectors can differ when V does not satisfy the Neumann boundary conditions:
									//		A_1[i,j] = \int_R < \nabla B_i(p) , \nabla B_j(p) >
									//               = \int_R [ \nabla \cdot ( B_i(p) \nabla B_j(p) ) - B_i(p) \Delta B_j(p) ]
									//               = \int_dR < N(p) , B_i(p) \nabla B_j(p) > + A_2[i,j]
									// and the first integral is zero if either f_i is zero on the boundary dR or the derivative of B_i across the boundary is zero.
									// However, for the constraints we have:
									//		b_1(i)   = \int_R < \nabla B_i(p) , V(p) >
									//               = \int_R [ \nabla \cdot ( B_i(p) V(p) ) - B_i(p) \nabla \cdot V(p) ]
									//               = \int_dR < N(p) ,  B_i(p) V(p) > + b_2[i]
									// In particular, this implies that if the B_i satisfy the Neumann boundary conditions (rather than Dirichlet),
									// and V is not zero across the boundary, then the two constraints are different.
									// Forcing the < V(p) , N(p) > = 0 on the boundary, by killing off the component of the vector-field in the normal direction
									// (FORCE_NEUMANN_FIELD), makes the two systems equal, and the value of this flag should be immaterial.
									// Note that under interpretation 1, we have:
									//		\sum_i b_1(i) = < \nabla \sum_ i B_i(p) , V(p) > = 0
									// because the B_i's sum to one. However, in general, we could have
									//		\sum_i b_2(i) \neq 0.
									// This could cause trouble because the constant functions are in the kernel of the matrix A, so CG will misbehave if the constraint
									// has a non-zero DC term. (Again, forcing < V(p) , N(p) > = 0 along the boundary resolves this problem.)

#define FORCE_NEUMANN_FIELD 1		// This flag forces the normal component across the boundary of the integration domain to be zero.
									// This should be enabled if GRADIENT_DOMAIN_SOLUTION is not, so that CG doesn't run into trouble.

#if !FORCE_NEUMANN_FIELD
#pragma message( "[WARNING] Not zeroing out normal component on boundary" )
#endif // !FORCE_NEUMANN_FIELD

#include "Hash.h"
#include "BSplineData.h"
#include "PointStream.h"
#include "SparseMatrix.h"
typedef float Real;
typedef float MatrixReal;
typedef OctNode< class TreeNodeData , Real > TreeOctNode;

class RootInfo
{
public:
	const TreeOctNode* node;
	int edgeIndex;
	long long key;
};

class VertexData
{
public:
	static long long EdgeIndex( const TreeOctNode* node , int eIndex , int maxDepth , int index[DIMENSION] );
	static long long EdgeIndex( const TreeOctNode* node , int eIndex , int maxDepth );
	static long long FaceIndex( const TreeOctNode* node , int fIndex , int maxDepth,int index[DIMENSION] );
	static long long FaceIndex( const TreeOctNode* node , int fIndex , int maxDepth );
	static long long CornerIndex( int depth , const int offSet[DIMENSION] , int cIndex , int maxDepth , int index[DIMENSION] );
	static long long CornerIndex( const TreeOctNode* node , int cIndex , int maxDepth , int index[DIMENSION] );
	static long long CornerIndex( const TreeOctNode* node , int cIndex , int maxDepth );
	static long long CenterIndex( int depth , const int offSet[DIMENSION] , int maxDepth , int index[DIMENSION] );
	static long long CenterIndex( const TreeOctNode* node , int maxDepth , int index[DIMENSION] );
	static long long CenterIndex( const TreeOctNode* node , int maxDepth );
	static long long CornerIndexKey( const int index[DIMENSION] );
};
class SortedTreeNodes
{
public:
	TreeOctNode** treeNodes;
	int *nodeCount;
	int maxDepth;
	SortedTreeNodes( void );
	~SortedTreeNodes( void );
	void set( TreeOctNode& root );
	struct CornerIndices
	{
		int idx[Cube::CORNERS];
		CornerIndices( void ) { memset( idx , -1 , sizeof( int ) * Cube::CORNERS ); }
		int& operator[] ( int i ) { return idx[i]; }
		const int& operator[] ( int i ) const { return idx[i]; }
	};
	struct CornerTableData
	{
		CornerTableData( void ) { cCount=0; }
		~CornerTableData( void ) { clear(); }
		void clear( void ) { cTable.clear() ; cCount = 0; }
		CornerIndices& operator[] ( const TreeOctNode* node );
		const CornerIndices& operator[] ( const TreeOctNode* node ) const;
		CornerIndices& cornerIndices( const TreeOctNode* node );
		const CornerIndices& cornerIndices( const TreeOctNode* node ) const;
		int cCount;
		std::vector< CornerIndices > cTable;
		std::vector< int > offsets;
	};
	void setCornerTable( CornerTableData& cData , const TreeOctNode* rootNode , int depth , int threads ) const;
	void setCornerTable( CornerTableData& cData , const TreeOctNode* rootNode ,             int threads ) const { setCornerTable( cData , rootNode , maxDepth-1 , threads ); }
	void setCornerTable( CornerTableData& cData ,                                           int threads ) const { setCornerTable( cData , NULL     , maxDepth-1 , threads ); }
	int getMaxCornerCount( int depth , int maxDepth , int threads ) const ;
	struct EdgeIndices
	{
		int idx[Cube::EDGES];
		EdgeIndices( void ) { memset( idx , -1 , sizeof( int ) * Cube::EDGES ); }
		int& operator[] ( int i ) { return idx[i]; }
		const int& operator[] ( int i ) const { return idx[i]; }
	};
	struct EdgeTableData
	{
		EdgeTableData( void ) { eCount=0; }
		~EdgeTableData( void ) { clear(); }
		void clear( void ) { eTable.clear() , eCount=0; }
		EdgeIndices& operator[] ( const TreeOctNode* node );
		const EdgeIndices& operator[] ( const TreeOctNode* node ) const;
		EdgeIndices& edgeIndices( const TreeOctNode* node );
		const EdgeIndices& edgeIndices( const TreeOctNode* node ) const;
		int eCount;
		std::vector< EdgeIndices > eTable;
		std::vector< int > offsets;
	};
	void setEdgeTable( EdgeTableData& eData , const TreeOctNode* rootNode , int depth , int threads );
	void setEdgeTable( EdgeTableData& eData , const TreeOctNode* rootNode ,             int threads ) { setEdgeTable( eData , rootNode , maxDepth-1 , threads ); }
	void setEdgeTable( EdgeTableData& eData ,                                           int threads ) { setEdgeTable( eData , NULL , maxDepth-1 , threads ); }
	int getMaxEdgeCount( const TreeOctNode* rootNode , int depth , int threads ) const ;
};

class TreeNodeData
{
public:
	int nodeIndex;
	union
	{
		int mcIndex;
		struct
		{
			Real centerWeightContribution;
			int normalIndex;
		};
	};
	Real constraint , solution;
	int pointIndex;

	TreeNodeData(void);
	~TreeNodeData(void);
};

template< int Degree >
class Octree
{
	SortedTreeNodes _sNodes;
	int _minDepth;
	bool _constrainValues;
	int _boundaryType;
	Real _scale;
	Point3D< Real > _center;
	std::vector< int > _pointCount;
	struct PointData
	{
		Point3D< Real > position;
		Real coarserValue;
		Real weight;
		PointData( Point3D< Real > p=Point3D< Real >() , Real w=0 ) { position = p , weight = w , coarserValue = Real(0); }
	};
	std::vector< PointData > _points;

	bool _inBounds( Point3D< Real > ) const;

	Real radius;
	int width;
	Real GetLaplacian( const int index[DIMENSION] ) const;
	// Note that this is a slight misnomer. We're only taking the diveregence/Laplacian in the weak sense, so there is a change of sign.
	Real GetLaplacian( const TreeOctNode* node1 , const TreeOctNode* node2 ) const;
	Real GetDivergence( const TreeOctNode* node1 , const TreeOctNode* node2 , const Point3D<Real>& normal1 ) const;
	Real GetDivergenceMinusLaplacian( const TreeOctNode* node1 , const TreeOctNode* node2 , Real value1 , const Point3D<Real>& normal1 ) const;

	class AdjacencyCountFunction
	{
	public:
		int adjacencyCount;
		void Function(const TreeOctNode* node1,const TreeOctNode* node2);
	};
	class AdjacencySetFunction{
	public:
		int *adjacencies,adjacencyCount;
		void Function(const TreeOctNode* node1,const TreeOctNode* node2);
	};

	class RefineFunction{
	public:
		int depth;
		void Function(TreeOctNode* node1,const TreeOctNode* node2);
	};
	class FaceEdgesFunction
	{
	public:
		int fIndex , maxDepth;
		std::vector< std::pair< RootInfo , RootInfo > >* edges;
		hash_map< long long , std::pair< RootInfo , int > >* vertexCount;
		void Function( const TreeOctNode* node1 , const TreeOctNode* node2 );
	};

	int _SolveFixedDepthMatrix( int depth , const SortedTreeNodes& sNodes , Real* subConstraints ,                     bool showResidual , int minIters , double accuracy , bool noSolve = false , int fixedIters=-1 );
	int _SolveFixedDepthMatrix( int depth , const SortedTreeNodes& sNodes , Real* subConstraints , int startingDepth , bool showResidual , int minIters , double accuracy , bool noSolve = false , int fixedIters=-1 );

	void SetMatrixRowBounds( const TreeOctNode* node , int rDepth , const int rOff[3] , int& xStart , int& xEnd , int& yStart , int& yEnd , int& zStart , int& zEnd ) const;
	int GetMatrixRowSize( const TreeOctNode::Neighbors5& neighbors5 ) const;
	int GetMatrixRowSize( const TreeOctNode::Neighbors5& neighbors5 , int xStart , int xEnd , int yStart , int yEnd , int zStart , int zEnd ) const;
	int SetMatrixRow( const TreeOctNode::Neighbors5& neighbors5 , MatrixEntry< MatrixReal >* row , int offset , const double stencil[5][5][5] ) const;
	int SetMatrixRow( const TreeOctNode::Neighbors5& neighbors5 , MatrixEntry< MatrixReal >* row , int offset , const double stencil[5][5][5] , int xStart , int xEnd , int yStart , int yEnd , int zStart , int zEnd ) const;
	void SetDivergenceStencil( int depth , Point3D< double > stencil[5][5][5] , bool scatter ) const;
	void SetLaplacianStencil( int depth , double stencil[5][5][5] ) const;
	template< class C , int N > struct Stencil{ C values[N][N][N]; };
	void SetLaplacianStencils( int depth , Stencil< double , 5 > stencil[2][2][2] ) const;
	void SetDivergenceStencils( int depth , Stencil< Point3D< double > , 5 > stencil[2][2][2] , bool scatter ) const;
	void SetEvaluationStencils( int depth , Stencil< Real , 3 > stencil1[8] , Stencil< Real , 3 > stencil2[8][8] ) const;

	static void UpdateCoarserSupportBounds( const TreeOctNode* node , int& startX , int& endX , int& startY , int& endY , int& startZ , int& endZ );
	void UpdateConstraintsFromCoarser( const TreeOctNode::NeighborKey5& neighborKey5 , TreeOctNode* node , Real* metSolution , const Stencil< double , 5 >& stencil ) const;
	void SetCoarserPointValues( int depth , const SortedTreeNodes& sNodes , Real* metSolution );
	Real WeightedCoarserFunctionValue( const TreeOctNode::NeighborKey3& neighborKey3 , const TreeOctNode* node , Real* metSolution ) const;
	void UpSampleCoarserSolution( int depth , const SortedTreeNodes& sNodes , Vector< Real >& solution ) const;
	void DownSampleFinerConstraints( int depth , SortedTreeNodes& sNodes ) const;
	template< class C > void DownSample( int depth , const SortedTreeNodes& sNodes , C* constraints ) const;
	template< class C > void   UpSample( int depth , const SortedTreeNodes& sNodes , C* coefficients ) const;
	int GetFixedDepthLaplacian( SparseSymmetricMatrix< Real >& matrix , int depth , const SortedTreeNodes& sNodes , Real* subConstraints );
	int GetRestrictedFixedDepthLaplacian( SparseSymmetricMatrix< Real >& matrix , int depth , const int* entries , int entryCount , const TreeOctNode* rNode, Real radius , const SortedTreeNodes& sNodes , Real* subConstraints );

	void SetIsoCorners( Real isoValue , TreeOctNode* leaf , SortedTreeNodes::CornerTableData& cData , char* valuesSet , Real* values , TreeOctNode::ConstNeighborKey3& nKey , const Real* metSolution , const Stencil< Real , 3 > stencil1[8] , const Stencil< Real , 3 > stencil2[8][8] );
	static int IsBoundaryFace( const TreeOctNode* node , int faceIndex , int subdivideDepth );
	static int IsBoundaryEdge( const TreeOctNode* node , int edgeIndex , int subdivideDepth );
	static int IsBoundaryEdge( const TreeOctNode* node , int dir , int x , int y , int subidivideDepth );

	// For computing the iso-surface there is a lot of re-computation of information across shared geometry.
	// For function values we don't care so much.
	// For edges we need to be careful so that the mesh remains water-tight
	struct RootData : public SortedTreeNodes::CornerTableData , public SortedTreeNodes::EdgeTableData
	{
		// Edge to iso-vertex map
		hash_map< long long , int > boundaryRoots;
		// Vertex to ( value , normal ) map
		hash_map< long long , std::pair< Real , Point3D< Real > > > *boundaryValues;
		int* interiorRoots;
		Real *cornerValues;
		Point3D< Real >* cornerNormals;
		char *cornerValuesSet , *cornerNormalsSet , *edgesSet;
	};

	int SetBoundaryMCRootPositions( int sDepth , Real isoValue , RootData& rootData , CoredMeshData* mesh , int nonLinearFit );
	int SetMCRootPositions( TreeOctNode* node , int sDepth , Real isoValue , TreeOctNode::ConstNeighborKey5& neighborKey5 , RootData& rootData ,
		std::vector< Point3D< Real > >* interiorPositions , CoredMeshData* mesh , const Real* metSolution , int nonLinearFit );
	int GetMCIsoTriangles( TreeOctNode* node , CoredMeshData* mesh , RootData& rootData ,
		std::vector< Point3D< Real > >* interiorPositions , int offSet , int sDepth , bool polygonMesh , std::vector< Point3D< Real > >* barycenters );
	static int AddTriangles( CoredMeshData* mesh , std::vector<CoredPointIndex>& edges , std::vector< Point3D< Real > >* interiorPositions , int offSet , bool polygonMesh , std::vector< Point3D< Real > >* barycenters );

	void GetMCIsoEdges( TreeOctNode* node , int sDepth , std::vector< std::pair< RootInfo , RootInfo > >& edges );
	static int GetEdgeLoops( std::vector< std::pair< RootInfo , RootInfo > >& edges , std::vector< std::vector< std::pair< RootInfo , RootInfo > > >& loops);
	static int InteriorFaceRootCount( const TreeOctNode* node , const int &faceIndex , int maxDepth );
	static int EdgeRootCount( const TreeOctNode* node , int edgeIndex , int maxDepth );
	static void GetRootSpan( const RootInfo& ri , Point3D< Real >& start , Point3D< Real >& end );
	int GetRoot( const RootInfo& ri , Real isoValue , TreeOctNode::ConstNeighborKey5& neighborKey5 , Point3D<Real> & position , RootData& rootData , int sDepth , const Real* metSolution , int nonLinearFit );
	static int GetRootIndex( const TreeOctNode* node , int edgeIndex , int maxDepth , RootInfo& ri );
	static int GetRootIndex( const TreeOctNode* node , int edgeIndex , int maxDepth , int sDepth , RootInfo& ri );
	static int GetRootIndex( const RootInfo& ri , RootData& rootData , CoredPointIndex& index );
	static int GetRootPair( const RootInfo& root , int maxDepth , RootInfo& pair );

	int UpdateWeightContribution( TreeOctNode* node , const Point3D<Real>& position , TreeOctNode::NeighborKey3& neighborKey , Real weight=Real(1.0) );
	Real GetSampleWeight( TreeOctNode* node , const Point3D<Real>& position , TreeOctNode::NeighborKey3& neighborKey );
	void GetSampleDepthAndWeight( TreeOctNode* node , const Point3D<Real>& position , TreeOctNode::NeighborKey3& neighborKey , Real samplesPerNode , Real& depth , Real& weight );
	int SplatOrientedPoint( TreeOctNode* node , const Point3D<Real>& point , const Point3D<Real>& normal , TreeOctNode::NeighborKey3& neighborKey );
	int SplatOrientedPoint( TreeOctNode* node , const Point3D<Real>& point , const Point3D<Real>& normal , TreeOctNode::NeighborKey5& neighborKey );
	Real SplatOrientedPoint( const Point3D<Real>& point , const Point3D<Real>& normal , TreeOctNode::NeighborKey3& neighborKey , int kernelDepth , Real samplesPerNode , int minDepth , int maxDepth );
	Real SplatOrientedPoint( const Point3D<Real>& point , const Point3D<Real>& normal , TreeOctNode::NeighborKey3& neighborKey3 , TreeOctNode::NeighborKey5& neighborKey5 , int kernelDepth , Real samplesPerNode , int minDepth , int maxDepth );

	int HasNormals(TreeOctNode* node,Real epsilon);
	Real getCornerValue( const TreeOctNode::ConstNeighborKey3& neighborKey3 , const TreeOctNode* node , int corner , const Real* metSolution );
	Point3D< Real > getCornerNormal( const TreeOctNode::ConstNeighborKey5& neighborKey5 , const TreeOctNode* node , int corner , const Real* metSolution );
	Real getCornerValue( const TreeOctNode::ConstNeighborKey3& neighborKey3 , const TreeOctNode* node , int corner , const Real* metSolution , const Real stencil1[3][3][3] , const Real stencil2[3][3][3] );
	Real getCenterValue( const TreeOctNode::ConstNeighborKey3& neighborKey3 , const TreeOctNode* node );
	static bool _IsInset( const TreeOctNode* node );
	static bool _IsInsetSupported( const TreeOctNode* node );
public:
	int threads;
	static double maxMemoryUsage;
	static double MemoryUsage( void );
	std::vector< Point3D<Real> >* normals;
	Real postDerivativeSmooth;
	TreeOctNode tree;
	BSplineData< Degree , Real > fData;
	Octree( void );

	void setBSplineData( int maxDepth , int boundaryType=BSplineElements< Degree >::NONE );
	void finalize( int subdivisionDepth );
	int refineBoundary( int subdivisionDepth );
	Real* GetSolutionGrid( int& res , Real isoValue=0.f , int depth=-1 );

	int setTree( char* fileName , int maxDepth , int minDepth , int kernelDepth , Real samplesPerNode ,
	        Real scaleFactor , int useConfidence , Real constraintWeight , int adaptiveExponent , XForm4x4< Real > xForm=XForm4x4< Real >::Identity );

	int setTree( PointStream< Real >* pointStream , int maxDepth , int minDepth , int kernelDepth , Real samplesPerNode ,
		Real scaleFactor , int useConfidence , Real constraintWeight , int adaptiveExponent , XForm4x4< Real > xForm=XForm4x4< Real >::Identity );

	void SetLaplacianConstraints(void);
	void ClipTree(void);
	int LaplacianMatrixIteration( int subdivideDepth , bool showResidual , int minIters , double accuracy , int maxSolveDepth , int fixedIters );

	Real GetIsoValue( void );
	void GetMCIsoTriangles( Real isoValue , int subdivideDepth , CoredMeshData* mesh , int fullDepthIso=0 , int nonLinearFit=1 , bool addBarycenter=false , bool polygonMesh=false );
};

#include "MultiGridOctreeData.inl"
#endif // MULTI_GRID_OCTREE_DATA_INCLUDED