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50 Signs That The U.S. Health Care System Is A Gigantic Money Making Scam
April 2, 2013 February 24, 2013 by Michael
The U.S. health care system is a giant money making scam that is designed to drain as much money as possible out of all of us before we die. In the United States today, the health care industry is completely dominated by government bureaucrats, health insurance companies and pharmaceutical corporations. The pharmaceutical corporations spend billions of dollars to convince all of us to become dependent on their legal drugs, the health insurance companies make billions of dollars by providing as little health care as possible, and they both spend millions of dollars to make sure that our politicians in Washington D.C. keep the gravy train rolling. Meanwhile, large numbers of doctors are going broke and patients are not getting the care that they need. At this point, our health care system is a complete and total disaster. Health care costs continue to go up rapidly, the level of care that we are receiving continues to go down, and every move that our politicians make just seems to make all of our health care problems even worse. In America today, a single trip to the emergency room can easily cost you $100,000, and if you happen to get cancer you could end up with medical bills in excess of a million dollars. Even if you do have health insurance, there are usually limits on your coverage, and the truth is that just a single major illness is often enough to push most American families into bankruptcy. At the same time, hospital administrators, pharmaceutical corporations and health insurance company executives are absolutely swimming in huge mountains of cash. Unfortunately, this gigantic money making scam has become so large that it threatens to collapse both the U.S. health care system and the entire U.S. economy.
The following are 50 signs that the U.S. health care system is a massive money making scam that is about to collapse…
#1 Medical bills have become so ridiculously large that virtually nobody can afford them. Just check out the following short excerpt from a recent Time Magazine article. One man in California that had been diagnosed with cancer ran up nearly a million dollars in hospital bills before he died…
By the time Steven D. died at his home in Northern California the following November, he had lived for an additional 11 months. And Alice had collected bills totaling $902,452. The family's first bill — for $348,000 — which arrived when Steven got home from the Seton Medical Center in Daly City, Calif., was full of all the usual chargemaster profit grabs: $18 each for 88 diabetes-test strips that Amazon sells in boxes of 50 for $27.85; $24 each for 19 niacin pills that are sold in drugstores for about a nickel apiece. There were also four boxes of sterile gauze pads for $77 each. None of that was considered part of what was provided in return for Seton's facility charge for the intensive-care unit for two days at $13,225 a day, 12 days in the critical unit at $7,315 a day and one day in a standard room (all of which totaled $120,116 over 15 days). There was also $20,886 for CT scans and $24,251 for lab work.
#2 This year the American people will spend approximately 2.8 trillion dollars on health care, and it is being projected that Americans will spend 4.5 trillion dollars on health care in 2019.
#3 The United States spends more on health care than Japan, Germany, France, China, the U.K., Italy, Canada, Brazil, Spain and Australia combined.
#4 If the U.S. health care system was a country, it would be the 6th largest economy on the entire planet.
#5 Back in 1960, an average of $147 was spent per person on health care in the United States. By 2009, that number had skyrocketed to $8,086.
#6 Why does it cost so much to stay in a hospital today? It just does not make sense. Just check out these numbers…
In 1942, Christ Hospital, NJ charged $7 per day for a maternity room. Today it's $1,360.
#7 Approximately 60 percent of all personal bankruptcies in the United States are related to medical bills.
#8 One study discovered that approximately 41 percent of all working age Americans either have medical bill problems or are currently paying off medical debt.
#9 The U.S. health care industry has spent more than 5 billion dollars on lobbying our politicians in Washington D.C. since 1998.
#10 According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, the U.S. is currently experiencing a shortage of at least 13,000 doctors. Unfortunately, that shortage is expected to grow to 130,000 doctors over the next 10 years.
#11 The state of Florida is already dealing with a very serious shortage of doctors…
Brace yourself for longer lines at the doctor's office.
Whether you're employed and insured, elderly and on Medicare, or poor and covered by Medicaid, the Florida Medical Association says there's a growing shortage of doctors — especially specialists — available to provide you with medical care.
And if the Florida Legislature goes along with Gov. Rick Scott's recommendation to offer Medicaid coverage to an additional 1 million Floridians — part of the Affordable Care Act that takes effect next January — the FMA says that shortage will only get worse.
#12 At this point, approximately 40 percent of all doctors in the United States are 55 years of age or older.
#13 In America today, many hospital executives make absolutely ridiculous amounts of money…
In December, when the New York Times ran a story about how a deficit deal might threaten hospital payments, Steven Safyer, chief executive of Montefiore Medical Center, a large nonprofit hospital system in the Bronx, complained, "There is no such thing as a cut to a provider that isn't a cut to a beneficiary … This is not crying wolf."
Actually, Safyer seems to be crying wolf to the tune of about $196.8 million, according to the hospital's latest publicly available tax return. That was his hospital's operating profit, according to its 2010 return. With $2.586 billion in revenue — of which 99.4% came from patient bills and 0.6% from fundraising events and other charitable contributions — Safyer's business is more than six times as large as that of the Bronx's most famous enterprise, the New York Yankees. Surely, without cutting services to beneficiaries, Safyer could cut what have to be some of the Bronx's better non-Yankee salaries: his own, which was $4,065,000, or those of his chief financial officer ($3,243,000), his executive vice president ($2,220,000) or the head of his dental department ($1,798,000).
#14 Health insurance administration expenses account for 8 percent of all health care costs in the United States each year. In Finland, health insurance administration expenses account for just 2 percent of all health care costs each year.
#15 If you can believe it, the U.S. ambulance industry makes more money each year than the movie industry does.
#16 All over America, people are reporting huge health insurance premium increases thanks to Obamacare. The following example is from a recent article by Robert Wenzel…
A California small businessman tells me that he switched healthcare insurance carriers in 2012. The monthly premium for him and his wife was about $400, but when he received his first bill in January of this year it was for $1,200. He hasn't been to a doctor in years, his wife has only gone for minor care.
Apparently there is some clause in the Affordable Healthcare Act that results in health insurance firms using a new method to calculate premiums. Those who have health insurance plans that have been in effect since at least 2010 are grandfathered under the old calculation method, but insurance carriers are using a new formula for new plans.
#17 Blue Shield of California has announced that it wants to raise health insurance premiums by up to 20 percent this year in an effort to keep up with rising health costs.
#18 Aetna's CEO says that health insurance premiums for many Americans will double when the major provisions of Obamacare go into effect in 2014.
#19 Close to 10 percent of all U.S. employers plan to drop health coverage completely when the major provisions of Obamacare go into effect in 2014.
#20 According to a survey conducted by the Doctor Patient Medical Association, 83 percent of all doctors in the United States have considered leaving the profession because of Obamacare.
#21 Approximately 16,000 new IRS agents will be hired to help oversee the implementation of Obamacare, and the Obama administration has given the IRS 500 million extra dollars "outside the normal appropriations process" to help the IRS with their new duties.
#22 During 2013, Americans will spend more than 280 billion dollars on prescription drugs.
#23 Prescription drugs cost about 50% more in the United States than they do in other countries.
#24 In the United States today, prescription painkillers kill more Americans than heroin and cocaine combined.
#25 Nearly half of all Americans now use prescription drugs on a regular basis according to the CDC. Not only that, the CDC also says that approximately one-third of all Americans use two or more pharmaceutical drugs on a regular basis, and more than ten percent of all Americans use five or more pharmaceutical drugs on a regular basis.
#26 The percentage of women taking antidepressants in America is higher than in any other country in the world.
#27 In 2010, the average teen in the U.S. was taking 1.2 central nervous system drugs. Those are the kinds of drugs which treat conditions such as ADHD and depression.
#28 Children in the United States are three times more likely to be prescribed antidepressants as children in Europe are.
#29 There were more than two dozen pharmaceutical companies that made over a billion dollars in profits during 2008.
#30 According to the CDC, approximately three quarters of a million people a year are rushed to emergency rooms in the United States because of adverse reactions to pharmaceutical drugs.
#31 According to a report by Health Care for America Now, America's five biggest for-profit health insurance companies ended 2009 with a combined profit of $12.2 billion.
#32 The top executives at the five largest for-profit health insurance companies in the United States combined to bring in nearly $200 million in total compensation for 2009.
#33 The chairman of Aetna, the third largest health insurance company in the United States, brought in a staggering $68.7 million during 2010. Ron Williams exercised stock options that were worth approximately $50.3 million and he raked in an additional $18.4 million in wages and other forms of compensation. The funny thing is that he left the company and didn't even work the entire year.
#34 It turns out that the financial assistance that Barack Obama promised would be provided for those with "pre-existing conditions" under Obamacare is already being shut down because of a lack of funding…
Tens of thousands of Americans who cannot get health insurance because of preexisting medical problems will be blocked from a program designed to help them because funding is running low.
Obama administration officials said Friday that the state-based "high-risk pools" set up under the 2010 health-care law will be closed to new applicants as soon as Saturday and no later than March 2, depending on the state.
#35 In America today, you are 64 times more likely to be killed by a doctor than you are by a gun.
#36 People living in the United States are three times more likely to have diabetes than people living in the United Kingdom.
#37 Today, people living in Puerto Rico have a greater life expectancy than people living in the United States do.
#38 According to OECD statistics, Americans are twice as obese as Canadians are.
#39 Greece has twice as many hospital beds per person as the United States does.
#40 The state of California now ranks dead last out of all 50 states in the number of emergency rooms per million people.
#41 According to a doctor interviewed by Fox News, "a gunshot wound to the head, chest or abdomen" will cost $13,000 at his hospital the moment the victim comes in the door, and then there will be significant additional charges depending on how bad the wound is.
#42 It has been estimated that hospitals overcharge Americans by about 10 billion dollars every single year.
#43 One trained medical billing advocate says that over 90 percent of the medical bills that she has audited contain "gross overcharges".
#44 It is not uncommon for insurance companies to get hospitals to knock their bills down by up to 95 percent, but if you are uninsured or you don't know how the system works then you are out of luck.
#45 According to a study conducted by Deloitte Consulting, a whopping 875,000 Americans were "medical tourists" in 2010.
#46 Today, there are more than 56 million Americans on Medicaid, and it is being projected that Obamacare will add 16 million more Americans to the Medicaid rolls.
#47 Back in 1965, only one out of every 50 Americans was on Medicaid. Today, one out of every 6 Americans is on Medicaid.
#48 Today, there are more than 50 million Americans on Medicare, and that number is projected to grow to 73.2 million in 2025.
#49 When Medicare was first established by Congress, it was estimated that it would cost the federal government $12 billion a year by the time 1990 rolled around. Instead, it cost the federal government $110 billion in 1990, and it will cost the federal government close to $600 billion this year.
#50 Even if you do have health insurance, that is no guarantee that medical bills will not bankrupt you. Just check out what a recent Time Magazine article says happened to one unfortunate couple from Ohio that actually did have health insurance…
When Sean Recchi, a 42-year-old from Lancaster, Ohio, was told last March that he had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, his wife Stephanie knew she had to get him to MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. Stephanie's father had been treated there 10 years earlier, and she and her family credited the doctors and nurses at MD Anderson with extending his life by at least eight years.
Because Stephanie and her husband had recently started their own small technology business, they were unable to buy comprehensive health insurance. For $469 a month, or about 20% of their income, they had been able to get only a policy that covered just $2,000 per day of any hospital costs. "We don't take that kind of discount insurance," said the woman at MD Anderson when Stephanie called to make an appointment for Sean.
Stephanie was then told by a billing clerk that the estimated cost of Sean's visit — just to be examined for six days so a treatment plan could be devised — would be $48,900, due in advance.
By the way, that hospital down in Houston made a profit of 531 million dollars in one recent year.
So what can be done about all of this?
Well, the truth is that the status quo is a complete and total disaster, and every "solution" being promoted by politicians from both major political parties would only make things worse.
In the end, the U.S. health care system needs to be rebuilt from the ground up, but we all know that is not going to happen.
Instead, our politicians and the health care industry will just find additional ways to extract money from all of us, and the level of care that we all get will continue to decline.
If you don't believe this, just check out what Paul Krugman of the New York Times had to say recently…
We're going to need more revenue…Surely it will require some sort of middle class taxes as well.. We won't be able to pay for the kind of government the society will want without some increase in taxes… on the middle class, maybe a value added tax…And we're also going to have to make decisions about health care, doc pay for health care that has no demonstrated medical benefits . So the snarky version…which I shouldn't even say because it will get me in trouble is death panels and sales taxes is how we do this.
Others are urging us to become more like Europe.
But do we really want what they have in the UK?…
Sick children are being discharged from NHS hospitals to die at home or in hospices on controversial 'death pathways'.
Until now, end of life regime the Liverpool Care Pathway was thought to have involved only elderly and terminally-ill adults.
But the Mail can reveal the practice of withdrawing food and fluid by tube is being used on young patients as well as severely disabled newborn babies.
One doctor has admitted starving and dehydrating ten babies to death in the neonatal unit of one hospital alone.
Writing in a leading medical journal, the physician revealed the process can take an average of ten days during which a baby becomes 'smaller and shrunken'.
In the end, my philosophy is just to avoid the U.S. health care system as much as possible. Most doctors are just trained to do two things – prescribe drugs and cut you open. In an emergency situation where you are about to die, those may be your best options, but otherwise I would just as soon avoid the gigantic money making scam that the U.S. health care industry has become.
But just don't take my word for it. The following is some very sound advice from Dr. Robert S. Dotson…
Avoid contact with the existing health care system as far as possible. Yes, emergencies arise that require the help of physicians, but by and large one can learn to care for one's own minor issues. Though it is flawed, the internet has been an information leveler for the masses and permits each person to be his or her own physician to a large degree. Take advantage of it! Educate yourself about your own body and learn to fuel and maintain it as you would an expensive auto or a pet poodle. One does not need a medical degree to:
1. avoid excessive use of tobacco or alcohol or, for that matter, caffeine;
2. avoid poisons like fluoride, aspartame, high fructose corn syrup, and addictive drugs (legal or illicit);
3. avoid unnecessary and potentially lethal imaging studies (TSA's radiation pornbooths, excessive mammography, repetitive CT scans – exposure to all significantly increases cancer risk);
4. avoid excessive cell phone use and exposure to other forms of EMR pollution where possible (the NSA is recording everything you say and text anyway);
5. avoid daily fast food use and abuse (remember: pink slime and silicone) ;
6. avoid untested GM foods (do you really want to become "Roundup Ready?"):
7. avoid most vaccinations and pharmaceutical agents promoted by the establishment;
8. avoid risky behaviors (and, we do not need a bunch of Nanny State bureaucrats to define and police these);
9. exercise moderately;
10. get plenty of sleep;
11. drink plenty of good quality water (buy a decent water filter to remove fluoride, chloride, and heavy metals);
12. wear protective gear at work and play where appropriate (helmets, eye-shields, knee and elbow pads, etc.):
13. seek out locally-grown, whole, organic foods and support your local food producers;
14. take appropriate nutritional supplements (multi-vitamins, Vitamin C, Vitamin D3);
15. switch off the TV and the mainstream media it represents;
16. educate yourself while you can;
And, lastly…
17. QUESTION AUTHORITY!
Doing these simple, common-sense things will add healthy years to a person's life and help one avoid most medical encounters during his or her allotted time on earth.
So what do you think?
Do you believe that the U.S. health care system is a gigantic money making scam that is about to collapse?
Please feel free to post a comment with your thoughts below…
$83,046 For A 3 Hour Hospital Visit – Why Are Hospital Bills So Outrageous?
September 5, 2012 September 5, 2012 by Michael
The fastest way to go broke in America is to go to the hospital. These days it seems like almost everyone has an outrageous hospital bill story to share. It is getting to the point where most people are deathly afraid to go to the hospital. All the financial progress that you have made in recent years can literally be wiped out in just a matter of hours. For example, you are about to read about an Arizona woman that was recently charged $83,046 for a 3 hour hospital visit. How in the world is anyone supposed to pay a bill like that? I have a really hard time understanding why a visit to the doctor should ever be more than a couple hundred bucks or why a hospital stay should ever be more than a couple thousand dollars. Outrageous hospital bills are a real pet peeve of mine and I have not even been to the hospital in ages. What makes all of this even more infuriating is that Medicare, Medicaid and the big insurance companies are often charged less than 10 percent of what the rest of us are billed for the same procedures. There is a reason why 41 percent of all working age Americans are struggling with medical debt right now. It is because our health care system has become a giant money making scam. Millions of desperate Americans go into hospitals each year assuming that they will be treated fairly, but in the end they get stuck with incredibly outrageous bills and in many cases cruel debt collection techniques are employed against them if they don't pay.
So why do we have to pay so much for medical care? Back in 1980, less than 10 percent of U.S. GDP went to health care. Today, about 18 percent of U.S. GDP goes toward health care.
And considering the fact that over the next 20 years the number of Americans 65 years of age or older is projected to double that number is going to go even higher.
On a per capita basis we spend about twice as much on health care as anyone else in the world.
In fact, if the U.S. health care system was a nation it would be the 6th largest economy on the entire planet.
America spent 2.47 trillion dollars on health care in 2009, and it is now being projected that we will spend 4.5 trillion dollars on health care in 2019.
Our system is completely and totally broken, and Obamacare is going to make things far worse. We need to throw the entire system out and start over.
A perfect example of why this is true is what happened when 52-year-old Marcie Edmonds went in to a hospital in Arizona recently to get treated for a scorpion sting….
With the help of a friend, she called Poison Control and was advised to go to the nearest hospital that had scorpion antivenom, Chandler Regional Medical Center. At the hospital, an emergency room doctor told her about the antivenom, called Anascorp, that could quickly relieve her symptoms. Edmonds said the physician never talked with her about the cost of the drug or treatment alternatives.
Her symptoms subsided after she received two doses of the drug Anascorp through an IV, and she was discharged from the hospital in about three hours.
Weeks later, she received a bill for $83,046 from Chandler Regional Medical Center. The hospital, owned by Dignity Health, charged her $39,652 per dose of Anascorp.
What makes this even more shocking is that hospitals in Mexico only charge $100 per dose of Anascorp.
These days many hospitals will do whatever they can get away with on hospital bills.
One NBC News reporter was absolutely stunned at the bill that she received after she went in for neck surgery for degenerative disc disease recently….
Once I got my itemized bill, the grand total was a little over $66,013.40! That was for a one night stay and a four level vertebrae fusion surgery. The charges included $22 for one sleeping pill, $427 for one dissecting tool, and $32,000 for four titanium plates and ten screws.
I brought it to Todd Hill, a fee based patient advocate who helps people decipher their medical bills. "The screws in your procedure were billed at $605 a piece for a total of $6050 dollars. We've seen those in our past research for $25 or $30," he said. "In this case, the markup is tremendous," he added.
Considering the fact that 77 percent of American families are living paycheck to paycheck at least part of the time, a single hospital bill like this can be a financial death blow.
If you have time, read this tragic story where one man was charged $11,000 and all he had was a case of bad indigestion. Nothing was even wrong with him and now his family is going to have to declare bankruptcy.
Often medical bills are so complex and so confusing that nobody can really understand them. A lot of the times this is probably done on purpose to keep people from understanding how badly they are being overcharged. The following is from a recent article in the New York Times….
Hospital care tends to be the most confounding, and experts say the charges you see on your bill are usually completely unrelated to the cost of providing the services (at hospitals, these list prices are called the "charge master file"). "The charges have no rhyme or reason at all," Gerard Anderson, director of the Center for Hospital Finance and Management at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. "Why is 30 minutes in the operating room $2,000 and not $1,500? There is absolutely no basis for setting that charge. It is not based upon the cost, and it's not based upon the market forces, other than the whim of the C.F.O. of the hospital."
And those charges don't really have any connection to what a hospital or medical provider will accept for payment, either. "If you line up five patients in their beds and they all have gall bladders removed and they get the same exact medication and services, if they have insurance or if they don't have insurance, the hospital will get five different reimbursements, and none of it is based on cost," said Holly Wallack, a medical billing advocate in Miami Beach. "The insurers negotiate a different rate, and if you are uninsured, underinsured or out of network, you are asked to pay full fare."
It has been estimated that hospitals in the United States overcharge their patients by about 10 billion dollars every single year.
Medical bills are the number one reason why Americans file for bankruptcy. As I mentioned earlier, approximately 41 percent of all working age Americans are struggling with medical debt.
And health insurance is not as much protection as you might think. According to a report published in the American Journal of Medicine, of all bankruptcies caused by medical debt, approximately 75 percent of the time the people actually did have health insurance.
And if you can't pay your bills, many hospitals will come after you ruthlessly.
In fact, collection agencies sought to collect unpaid medical bills from approximately 30 million Americans during 2010 alone.
If you don't cough up the cash they are demanding you can even end up in prison. The following example comes from CBS News….
How did breast cancer survivor Lisa Lindsay end up behind bars? She didn't pay a medical bill — one the Herrin, Ill., teaching assistant was told she didn't owe. "She got a $280 medical bill in error and was told she didn't have to pay it," The Associated Press reports. "But the bill was turned over to a collection agency, and eventually state troopers showed up at her home and took her to jail in handcuffs."
Although the U.S. abolished debtors' prisons in the 1830s, more than a third of U.S. states allow the police to haul people in who don't pay all manner of debts, from bills for health care services to credit card and auto loans.
But why do these bills have to be so high? It is not like many doctors are getting rich these days. In fact, many of them are going broke.
So what is the deal?
Well, as a recent article by Dr. Paul Craig Roberts explained, there are a whole lot of people pulling profit out of the system other than just doctors these days….
There are two main reasons that US medicine is so expensive. One is that profits are piled upon profits. In addition to wages and salaries for doctors, nurses, and medical personnel, the American health care system has to provide profits for private hospitals, diagnostic centers, insurance companies, and for the accountants, attorneys and management consultants made necessary by the enormous litigation and regulatory compliance cost. American medicine is the most regulated in the world and the most criminalized.
And another big factor is that the rest of us have to make up the difference for the patients that are not profitable.
It has gotten to the point where some doctors in certain kinds of practices barely make any profit on Medicare and Medicaid patients. In fact, in many cases doctors actually lose money treating them.
An article posted on medicalcostadvocate.com has some outrageous examples of the difference between what you and I are billed and what Medicare pays out for the exact same procedures….
A patient in Illinois was charged $12,712 for cataract surgery. Medicare pays $675 for the same procedure. In California, a patient was charged $20,120 for a knee operation for which Medicare pays $584. And a New Jersey patient was charged $72,000 for a spinal fusion procedure that Medicare covers for $1,629.
So not only do we pay very high taxes to support Medicaid and Medicare, we also have to pay higher medical bills in order to make up the difference for the money that doctors and hospitals are not seeing from those patients.
Unfortunately, Medicaid and Medicare are expected to grow dramatically in the years ahead.
For example, it is now being projected that Obamacare will add 16 million more Americans to Medicaid.
And enrollment in Medicare is projected to grow from 50.7 million today to 73.2 million in 2025.
How in the world can our current system possibly handle this?
And please don't tell me that Obamacare is the answer.
The truth is that Obamacare is going to take everything that is wrong with our health care system and make it even worse.
For a good summary on this, please see this article.
In the years ahead it is going to get even harder for those that are not dependent on the government for health care….
-Approximately 10 percent of all employers plan to drop health insurance coverage entirely because of Obamacare.
-According to one recent poll, 83 percent of all doctors in the United States have considered quitting the profession because of Obamacare, and we were already projected to have a severe doctor shortage in the years ahead even before Obamacare came along.
We are heading into the greatest health care crisis the United States has ever seen, and none of our leaders seem to have any answers.
In a recent article entitled "11 Signs That The U.S. Health Care System Is Heading Straight Down The Toilet", I detailed a lot more reasons why our health care system is a national disgrace. If you can handle some more ranting I encourage you to go check that article out.
I am just absolutely disgusted with the condition of our health care system. It is dominated by government bureaucrats, pharmaceutical corporations and the big health insurance companies. It is a giant money making scam that seeks to drain as much money from the rest of us as possible.
So do you have a hospital bill horror story to share? Please feel free to share your thoughts below….
Why Are Record Numbers Of Young Adults Jobless And Living At Home With Mom And Dad?
February 12, 2012 February 12, 2012 by Michael
In the United States today, unemployment among those age 18 to age 34 is at epidemic levels and the number of young adults that are now living at home with Mom and Dad is at an all-time high. So why are so many of our young adults jobless? Why are record numbers of them unable or unwilling to move out on their own? Well, there are quite a few factors at work. Number one, our education system has completely and totally failed them. As I have written about previously, our education system is a joke and most high school graduates these days are simply not prepared to function at even a very basic level in our society. In addition, college education in the United States has become a giant money making scam that leaves scores of college graduates absolutely drowning in debt. Many young adults end up moving back in with Mom and Dad because they are drowning in so much debt that there are no other options. Thirdly, the number of good jobs continues to decline and this is hitting younger Americans the hardest. Millions of young people enter the workforce excited about the future only to find that there are hordes of applicants for the very limited number of decent jobs that are actually available. So all of this is creating an environment where more young adults are financially dependent on their parents that ever before in modern American history.
Since the start of the recession, the percentage of young adults in America that are employed has dropped like a rock. In 2007, the employment rate for Americans between the ages of 18 and 24 was 62.4 percent. Today, it is down to 54.3 percent.
Yes, there are certainly many out there that are lazy, but the truth is that most of them would like to work if they could. It is just that it is much harder to find a job these days.
And it isn't just young people that think that the job market has gotten tougher. According to one recent survey, 82 percent of all Americans believe that it is harder for young adults to find jobs today than it was for their parents to find jobs.
But if they cannot get jobs, then young adults cannot financially support themselves. So more of them than ever are heading back home to live with Mom and Dad.
In the year 2000, 8.3 percent of all American women between the ages of 25 and 34 were living at home with their parents. Today, that figure is up to 9.7 percent.
In the year 2000, 12.9 percent of all American men between the ages of 25 and 34 were living at home with their parents. Today, that figure is up to an astounding 18.6 percent.
Take a moment and let those statistics sink in.
Nearly one out of every five American men from age 25 to age 34 are living at home with Mommy and Daddy.
When you look at Americans age 18 to age 24, it is even worse. Among Americans age 18 to age 24, 50 percent of all women and 59 percent of all men still live with their parents.
Those are very frightening numbers.
Part of this has to do with a fundamental cultural shift. An increasing number of parents these days expect that they will have to take care of their own children beyond the age of 22. The following is from a recent article by Pew Research….
When asked in a 1993 survey what age children should be financially independent from their parents, 80% of parents said children have to be self-reliant by age 22. In the current survey, only 67% of parents say children have to be financially independent by age 22—a drop of 13 percentage points.
But what accounts for the tremendous gender disparity that we see in the figures above?
Well, one major factor is that young women are now far more likely to pursue a college education than young men are. According to an article in the New York Times, women now account for approximately 57 percent of all enrollments at U.S. colleges and universities.
The less education you have, the more likely you are to be unemployed in America today. So that is certainly a significant factor.
But many that have gone on to college are also moving back home. When you are a young adult with no job and no prospects and you are swamped with tens of thousands of dollars of student loan debt, it can be incredibly difficult to be financially independent.
After adjusting for inflation, U.S. college students are now borrowing about twice as much money as they did a decade ago. Many students that go on to graduate school end up with more than $100,000 in total student loan debt.
Sadly, those degrees often do not pay off. In fact, in America today one-third of all college graduates end up taking jobs that don't even require college degrees.
So what does all of this mean?
It means that there are millions upon millions of angry, disillusioned and frustrated young adults out there today. A recent USA Today article told the story of 32-year-old Dennis Hansen….
After a year without work, Hansen, 32, was hired to monitor Lake Michigan and Lake Superior water for the state and federal governments over two summers. He also had short stints as a census worker and as an extra post office hand during one holiday crush.
It hasn't been enough: Hansen says he has a $13,000 credit card debt and that's just for basics — his $600 monthly mortgage, heat and food.
"It's definitely a roller coaster," Hansen says, with the ups coming when he's done well in a job interview and the downs when there's a rejection: "That's when I'm frustrated, angry and wondering why I went to college for 10 years."
If the economy was humming along on all cylinders, it would be easy to blame our young adults for being too lazy.
But these days most young adults have to scramble like crazy just to get a really low paying job. Large numbers of very talented young adults are waiting tables, flipping burgers or stocking shelves at Wal-Mart.
And this reality is reflected in the overall economic statistics. Since the year 2000, incomes for U.S. households led by someone between the ages of 25 and 34 have fallen by about 12 percent after you adjust for inflation.
The "wealth gap" between younger Americans and older Americans is also growing and recently hit a new all-time high. U.S. households led by someone 65 years of age or older are now 47 times wealthier than U.S. households led by someone 35 years of age or younger.
But this is not good for our society. When there is civil unrest, it is not those 65 and older that take to the streets.
We desperately need our economy to get healthy again so that our young adults can get good jobs, get married, set up households, raise families and be productive members of society.
Instead, the percentage of young adults that have jobs is near an all-time low, the percentage of young adults living with their parents is at an all-time high, the proportion of adults in the United States that are married is at an all-time low and we have hordes of angry, frustrated young adults with plenty of time on their hands.
You don't have to be a genius to see trouble on the horizon.
What is going to happen when the next major financial crisis comes and the economy gets significantly worse than it is now?
In the end, we are going to reap what we have sown. We have fundamentally failed our young adults, and those failures are going to produce some very bitter fruit.
50 U.S. Health Care Statistics That Will Absolutely Astonish You
The U.S. health care system has become one gigantic money making scam, and you are about to see the statistics that prove it. Today, the United States spends more on health care per person than any other country in the world by far. The health insurance companies and the big pharmaceutical corporations are raking in gigantic mountains of cash and yet the quality of the health care that we receive in return is rather quite poor. People living in Puerto Rico have a greater life expectancy than we do. Residents of Cuba have a lower infant mortality rate than we do. We are the most medicated population on the planet and yet we are also one of the sickest. If the U.S. health care system was a country, it would have the 6th largest economy on the globe and yet rates of cancer, heart disease and diabetes continue to increase. The U.S. health care statistics that you are about to read below are absolutely stunning. For as much money as we shell out for health care, we should have the greatest system in the entire world. But we don't. Something has gone horribly wrong.
As you read this, there are hordes of health bureaucrats and greedy corporate fatcats that are becoming incredibly wealthy while the rest of us go broke trying to pay for our health care. In the United States today, health care bills cause more bankruptcies than anything else does. Millions of Americans are afraid to go to the hospital because they know that even a short visit would be a huge financial burden.
Sadly, our politicians in Washington D.C. continue to make the problem worse. Obamacare was one of the worst pieces of legislation that anyone has ever come up with in the history of the United States. You could put a thousand monkeys in a room with a thousand typewriters for a thousand years and they wouldn't come up with anything as bad as Obamacare. Rather than doing something to address the abuses of the health insurance companies and the pharmaceutical corporations, Obamacare actually gives them more power. In fact, huge portions of Obamacare are virtually identical to a bill that was written by the health insurance trade association in 2009. Under Obamacare our health care costs will go up even faster and the quality of our health care will continue to go down. So please don't try to tell me that Obamacare is the solution to anything.
The health care system in the United States is so broken that it probably cannot be repaired. The entire thing needs to be dismantled and completely reinvented.
If you doubt this, just check out the stats that I have compiled below.
As I put together this list of statistics, Business Insider proved to be a very valuable resource. In addition, I relied heavily on the following articles which I previously authored….
*25 Shocking Facts That Prove That The Entire U.S. Health Care Industry Has Become One Giant Money Making Scam
*18 Ridiculous Statistics About Medical Bills, Medical Debt And The Health Care Industry That Will Make You So Mad You Will Want To Tear Your Hair Out
*The Coming Doctor Shortage
The following are 50 U.S. health care statistics that will absolutely astonish you….
#1 What the United States spent on health care in 2009 was greater than the entire GDP of Great Britain.
#2 According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, health care costs accounted for just 9.5% of all personal consumption back in 1980. Today they account for approximately 16.3%.
#3 The United States spent 2.47 trillion dollars on health care in 2009. It is being projected that the U.S. will spend 4.5 trillion dollars on health care in 2019.
#4 One study found that approximately 41 percent of working age Americans either have medical bill problems or are currently paying off medical debt.
#5 According to a report published in The American Journal of Medicine, medical bills are a major factor in more than 60 percent of the personal bankruptcies in the United States. Of those bankruptcies that were caused by medical bills, approximately 75 percent of them involved individuals that actually did have health insurance.
#6 Over the past decade, health insurance premiums have risen three times faster than wages have in the United States.
#7 The chairman of Aetna, the third largest health insurance company in the United States, brought in a staggering $68.7 million during 2010. Ron Williams exercised stock options that were worth approximately $50.3 million and he raked in an additional $18.4 million in wages and other forms of compensation. The funny thing is that he left the company and didn't even work the whole year.
#8 The top executives at the five largest for-profit health insurance companies in the United States combined to receive nearly $200 million in total compensation for 2009.
#9 Even as the rest of the country struggled with a deep recession, U.S. health insurance companies increased their profits by 56 percent during 2009 alone.
#11 In the United States, health insurance administration expenses account for 8 percent of all health care costs. In Finland, that figure is just 2 percent.
#12 Health insurance rate increases are getting out of control. According to the Los Angeles Times, Blue Shield of California announced plans earlier this year to raise rates an average of 30% to 35%, and some individual policy holders were slated to see their health insurance premiums rise by up to 59 percent.
#13 According to an article on the Mother Jones website, health insurance premiums for small employers in the U.S. increased 180% between 1999 and 2009.
#14 Since 2003, health insurance companies have shelled out more than $42 million in state-level campaign contributions.
#15 There were more than two dozen pharmaceutical companies that made over a billion dollars in profits each during 2008.
#16 Each year, tens of billions of dollars is spent on pharmaceutical marketing in the United States alone.
#18 Nearly half of all Americans now use prescription drugs on a regular basis according to a CDC report that was recently released. According to the report, approximately one-third of all Americans use two or more pharmaceutical drugs, and more than ten percent of all Americans use five or more drugs on a regular basis.
#20 The Food and Drug Administration reported 1,742 prescription drug recalls in 2009, which was a gigantic increase from 426 drug recalls in 2008.
#21 Children in the United States are three times more likely to be prescribed antidepressants than children in Europe are.
#23 Lawyers are certainly doing their part to contribute to soaring health care costs. According to one recent study, the medical liability system in the United States added approximately $55.6 billion to the cost of health care in 2008.
#24 According to one doctor interviewed by Fox News, "a gunshot wound to the head, chest or abdomen" will cost $13,000 at his hospital the moment the victim comes in the door, and then there will be significant additional charges depending on how bad the wound is.
#25 Why are c-sections on the rise? It is because a vaginal delivery costs approximately $5,992, while a c-section costs approximately $8,558.
#26 According to the CIA World Factbook, the United States had a higher infant mortality rate than 45 other nations in 2009.
#27 The infant mortality rate in the United States is nearly three times as high as it is in Singapore.
#28 It is estimated that hospitals overcharge Americans by about 10 billion dollars every single year.
#29 In fact, one trained medical billing advocate says that over 90 percent of all the medical bills that she has audited contain "gross overcharges".
#31 Over the last decade, the number of Americans without health insurance has risen from about 38 million to about 52 million.
#36 The U.S. government now says that the Medicare trust fund will run out five years faster than they were projecting just last year.
#37 It is being projected that the federal government will account for more than 50 percent of all health care spending in 2012.
#40 According to one survey, approximately 1 out of every 4 Californians under the age of 65 has absolutely no health insurance.
#41 According to a PricewaterhouseCoopers report, "inefficient claims processing" costs the U.S. health care system 210 billion dollars every single year.
#42 Today, approximately 40% of all U.S. doctors are age 55 or older.
#43 According to the American Association of Medical Colleges, we were already going to be facing a shortage of more than 150,000 doctors over the next 15 years even before Obamacare was passed.
#44 An IBD/TIPP poll taken back in August 2009 found that 4 out of every 9 American doctors said that they "would consider leaving their practice or taking an early retirement" if Congress passed Obamacare.
#45 According to a survey published in the New England Journal of Medicine, approximately one-third of all practicing physicians in the United States indicated that they may leave the medical profession because of the new health care law.
#46 According to a Merritt Hawkins survey of 2,379 doctors that was conducted in August 2010, 40 percent of all U.S. doctors plan to "retire, seek a nonclinical job in health care, or seek a job or business unrelated to health care" at some point over the next three years.
#47 According to the executive director of Physician Hospitals of America, Obamacare has already forced the cancellation of at least 60 doctor-owned hospitals that were scheduled to open soon.
#48 According to a report released in 2010, Americans spend approximately twice as much as residents of other developed countries do on health care.
#49 If the U.S. health care system was a country, it would be the 6th largest economy in the entire world.
#50 According to numbers released by Deloitte Consulting, a whopping 875,000 Americans were "medical tourists" in 2010.


Bad breath is very fixable, but the first challenge is to know is if it's a problem in the first place because we are not good at telling how our own breath smells!
Feedback is needed from someone who will not hide from telling the truth, this will usually be a friend or partner but sometimes it falls to the health practitioner to be the one to break the news.
The best method to tell for sure is to ask the person to count out loud to 10 while the one doing the checking leans in for a good sniff. If it really is a regular problem, then one of the following steps will work.
Further to that, studies have shown that a major cause for bad breath are undesirable bacteria that take up permanent residence in the mouth and throat. There are many commercial products for bad breath that work by disinfecting these bacteria but they all carry the major side-effect of killing off the good bugs too!
if someone wants to go a lot further than those short-lived solutions then the following formula of herbs, whilst more challenging to take, will have a much deeper and lasting effect.
In terms of bad breath, the mouth wash is not something a person would do for fun, but it is very fast acting so the breath will usually start improving from the first day of starting treatment.
Take approximately 2-3 mls (about 40-60 drops) of the herbal mouth wash and dilute with about a tsp of water. The medicine needs to briefly coat the mouth and the back of the throat, so it must be swished and swilled before either spiting or swallowing.
Spit if you are otherwise well and would just rather rinse them out. Swallow the mixture if you have any kind of immune system trouble or weakness because the Echinacea, Myrrh and Licorice have potent internal effects if you ingest them.
Many people have been successfully treated with this formula. Many had visibly infected gums and other dental problems. So long as the treatment was used regularly and for long enough e.g. at least once a day for at least a month, it has always been seen to improve the health of the whole mouth, including cases where tooth extractions were no longer required.
Once the bad bugs are evicted, a healthy natural bacterial flora will eventually re-establish itself however, this process can be greatly sped up by using a special mouth probiotic.
As it happens, it was a fellow New Zealander, a research scientist, that pioneered using probiotic bacteria for bad breath and oral health. You can learn more about this by entering the name Blis lozenges into your search engine, and their products are readily available around the world.
How good vs. bad bugs can affect our health in all kinds of ways has been the subject of an enormous amount of research in recent years.
The other main cause of bad breath besides dental issues and bad bugs in the mouth is poor digestion of food in the stomach with and excess fermentation. If you often get symptoms of indigestion, such as bloating, belching or reflux, then this could be the main issue.
Proteins, such as meat, fish, chicken, eggs, nuts and seeds, get digested in the stomach whereas starches, such as bread, flour, pasta, potatoes rice etc. get digested in the small intestine. Having a significant amount of protein in a meal makes other foods, including starches, stay in the stomach a lot longer and for some people this can cause fermentation, indigestion, and bad breath.
In practical terms, if this is something you need to pay attention to, you should aim to have proteins with a salad rather than with starchy carbs and then when you do have a meal of rice, pasta, bread etc. to have vegetables with it rather than any significant amount of protein.
If you or someone you know has bad breath and, at the same time it is apparent that they cannot taste or smell their food well, then consider the possibility that there is a deficiency in zinc.
In such cases a course of at least 15 mgs of elemental zinc per day, preferably combined with a little magnesium and vitamin B6 which is quite usual to see in a Zinc product, and taken for at least 2 months will fix the problem.
In the case of excess digestive 'fire' the person will be getting what is typically described as 'acid-reflux' in one form or another - bad breath is literally rising up from their gut.
At least as common as too much 'fire' is too little, especially as we age. The tell-tale symptom of this is the food sitting heavy in the stomach. Rather than a rising up of acidity there is a 'dragging-down' indigestion.


President Rodrigo Duterte and Customs Commissioner Nicanor Faeldon last night asked for detailed data on sugar smuggling and were briefed on the sugar industry's concernsand contributions to the country.
Sugar Regulatory Administration chief Anna Rosario Paner and former SRA head Bernard Trebol, appeared before the Cabinet in Malacañang presided over by the president to present the case of the sugar industry.
"We presented highlights of the sugar industry, data on HFCS (High Fructose Corn Syrup), economic contributions, and specific action items we wanted to be made known to the president," Paner said.
Bacolod Mayor Evelio Leonardia yesterday said he will form a committeeto study the proposed creation of a new legislative district in Bacolod City.
Leonardia said they have not yet received the communication of Bacolod Rep. Greg Gasataya on the matter.
Gasataya said he is seeking the position of the officials of Bacolod City on the proposed creation of a new legislative district in the city as one of the requirements of the House Committee on Local Government, aside from a Sanggunaing Panlungsod resolution.
The Regional Trial Court Branch 30 in Dumaguete City yesterday sentenced two cousins and a man to life imprisonment after they were found guilty of selling and possessing shabu in 2015.
Cousins Alan Paul and Christopher, both surnamed Cariño, were each meted life imprisonment for delivering 4.74 grams of shabu to a police-poseur buyer, in violation of Section 5, Article II of Republic Act 9165, or the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, in March 2015. They were fined P500,000 each.
Richard Ramos Gonzales was also sentenced to life behind bars and an additional 14 years. He was arrested May 27, 2015 during a buy-bust operation conducted by the Provincial Intelligence Branch in the housing site in Cadawinonan, Dumaguete, where seven more sachets of shabu were seized from him. The court fined him ..


The production of cement is responsible for as much as 5% of the CO2 emitted each year. It's mostly because of chemistry; when limestone is cooked to about 1400 degrees Celsius, it drives off water and CO2 and becomes the main component of cement.
If you look at concrete, cement starts off as CaC03, it's heated in cement kilns, and this release one molecule of C02 for every molecule of lime. We're reversing that reaction – we're providing a supplementary curing reaction.
It sounded silly to me when it was first explained by Marketing Manager Christie Gamble: The CO2 is collected from industrial processes like power plants or factories, purified and compressed into liquid form, the same stuff that is sold to Coke and Pepsi to carbonate their soda pop, then trucked to concrete block factories and squirted into the concrete that is formed into blocks. But they have done the life cycle analyses and a whole lot more CO2 is sequestered than is produced through this processing and shipping. It reduces carbon emissions by up to 20%.
Concrete masonry units (CMU) that sequester carbon dioxide have less embodied energy and provide greater strength than conventional CMUs. This offers an irresistible combination to any design team.
I complain a lot about concrete and its carbon footprint, but below grade it is often hard to find affordable alternatives that will get past the tough plan examiners in this town. These guys are standing in my future office right now, building the foundations for my sort of green renovation with standard CMUs. CarbonCure blocks look and perform the same as the standard ones, meet the same UL and CSA standards, and the trades, plan examiners and building inspectors aren't going to give anyone any trouble; it's just a greener block.
I wish I had learned about CarbonCure a few weeks earlier.
UPDATE: I should have remembered CarbonCure, it was one of BuildingGreen's top ten products in 2012 and I wrote about it here and it is available from a local block supplier. Which shows what happens when you don't do your research on TreeHugger.
What to do about all that CO2 emitted when you make cement? Inject it back into the stuff and turn it back into limestone.


text:
import {ɵɵinject as inject} from '../../di/injector_compatibility';
import {ɵɵdefineInjectable as defineInjectable} from '../../di/interface/defs';
import {internalImportProvidersFrom} from '../../di/provider_collection';
import {EnvironmentInjector} from '../../di/r3_injector';
import {OnDestroy} from '../../interface/lifecycle_hooks';
import {ComponentDef} from '../interfaces/definition';
import {createEnvironmentInjector} from '../ng_module_ref';

/**
 * A service used by the framework to create instances of standalone injectors. Those injectors are
 * created on demand in case of dynamic component instantiation and contain ambient providers
 * collected from the imports graph rooted at a given standalone component.
 */
class StandaloneService implements OnDestroy {
  cachedInjectors = new Map<string, EnvironmentInjector|null>();

  constructor(private _injector: EnvironmentInjector) {}

  getOrCreateStandaloneInjector(componentDef: ComponentDef<unknown>): EnvironmentInjector|null {
    if (!componentDef.standalone) {
      return null;
    }

    if (!this.cachedInjectors.has(componentDef.id)) {
      const providers = internalImportProvidersFrom(false, componentDef.type);
      const standaloneInjector = providers.length > 0 ?
          createEnvironmentInjector(
              [providers], this._injector, `Standalone[${componentDef.type.name}]`) :
          null;
      this.cachedInjectors.set(componentDef.id, standaloneInjector);
    }

    return this.cachedInjectors.get(componentDef.id)!;
  }

  ngOnDestroy() {
    try {
      for (const injector of this.cachedInjectors.values()) {
        if (injector !== null) {
          injector.destroy();
        }
      }
    } finally {
      this.cachedInjectors.clear();
    }
  }

  /** @nocollapse */
  static ɵprov = /** @pureOrBreakMyCode */ defineInjectable({
    token: StandaloneService,
    providedIn: 'environment',
    factory: () => new StandaloneService(inject(EnvironmentInjector)),
  });
}

/**
 * A feature that acts as a setup code for the {@link StandaloneService}.
 *
 * The most important responsibility of this feature is to expose the "getStandaloneInjector"
 * function (an entry points to a standalone injector creation) on a component definition object. We
 * go through the features infrastructure to make sure that the standalone injector creation logic
 * is tree-shakable and not included in applications that don't use standalone components.
 *
 * @codeGenApi
 */
export function ɵɵStandaloneFeature(definition: ComponentDef<unknown>) {
  definition.getStandaloneInjector = (parentInjector: EnvironmentInjector) => {
    return parentInjector.get(StandaloneService).getOrCreateStandaloneInjector(definition);
  };
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
You are here: Home / Profile Page / Data Source and Documentation for Panicum obtusum Kunth Printer-Friendly
PLANTS Profile
Panicum obtusum Kunth
vine mesquite
USDA NRCS National Plant Data Team
Curated and maintained by:
Data Documentation
2001. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science. AZ Literature
Allred, Kelly W. Personal communication. NM Literature
Buegge, J.J. Flora of the Santa Teresa Mountains in Graham County, Arizona. AZ Literature
Hannick, V.C., J.N. Mink, J.R. Singhurst, and W.C. Holmes. 2013. Annotated checklist of the vascular flora of McLennan County, Texas. Phytoneuron 2013-29(29): 1-37. TX Literature
Hogan, Tim. Personal communication. CO Literature
Johnston, B. 1991. List of Colorado plants. Unpublished. CO Literature
Kartesz, J.T. 2002. Atlas of the Arizona flora. Unpublished. AZ Literature
Kearney, T., and R.H. Peebles. 1960. Arizona flora with supplement. University of California Press, Los Angeles. AZ Literature
Larson, J., B. Reif, B.E. Nelson, and R.L. Hartman. 2014. Floristic studies in north central New Mexico, U.S.A. The Sangre de Cristo Mountains. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 8: 271-303. NM Literature
Makings, E. Upper San Pedro River checklist. Arizona State University, Tempe. AZ Literature
Martin, W.C., and C.R. Hutchins. 1980. A flora of New Mexico. Strauss & Cramer, Germany. NM Literature
McGregor, R.L., et al. 1977. Atlas of the flora of the Great Plains. Iowa State University Press, Ames. KS, OK Literature
Mohlenbrock, R.H. 2001. Grasses: Panicum to Danthonia, 2nd ed. (The Illustrated Flora of Illinois). Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale and Edwardsville. IL Literature
NMC. Specimen at New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico. AZ, NM Specimen
Reif, B., J. Larson, B.F. Jacobs, B.E. Nelson, and R.L. Hartman. 2009. Floristic studies in north central New Mexico, U.S.A. The Tusas Mountains and the Jemez Mountains. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 3: 921-961. NM Literature
Shultz, Leila M. Personal communication. UT Literature
Smith, E.B. 1988. An atlas and annotated list of the vascular plants of Arkansas, 2d ed. AR Literature
Turner, B.L., H. Nichols, G. Denny, and O. Doron. 2003. Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Texas, vol. 2. Sida, Botanical Miscellany, No. 24. Botanical Research Institute of Texas Press, Fort Worth. TX Literature
UNM. Specimen at University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico. NM Specimen
Welsh, S.L., N.D. Atwood, L.C. Higgins, and S. Goodrich. 1987. A Utah flora. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs No. 9. Brigham Young University Press, Provo. UT Literature
Yatskievych, G. 1999. Steyermark's Flora of Missouri, vol. 1, rev. ed. Missouri Conservation of Conservation, Jefferson City, in cooperation with the Missouri Bot. Gard. Press, St. Louis. MO Literature
Yatskievych, G., and J. Turner. 1990. Catalogue of the flora of Missouri. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 37. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. MO Literature
Time Generated: 01/22/2020 06:51 AM CST

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We asked the University of Nevada, Reno's Dr. Diane Barone - foundation professor of literacy studies at the University of Nevada, Reno's College of Education - for her thoughts on education, and here's what she had to say.
What was it about education that made you interested in pursuing it as a profession?
I guess it started when I played school with all of my cousins. Naturally, I had to be the teacher. I entered college and majored in psychology with a minor in education and I loved working in urban schools. I spent two days a week helping teachers. Then I was able to work in a preschool that was part of a hospital as a summer internship. That hooked me. I loved working with the kids. From these experiences, I completed a master's in early childhood literacy. Right after I completed this degree I moved to Reno and became a first grade teacher. After a few years, I became the demonstration teacher for the district where I taught first, second, and third grade students together. I loved it and I began working with professors on research. I decided to obtain my doctorate in education and now I get to work with teachers and soon-to-be teachers. I also conduct research in classrooms so I am still in touch with students.
With increasing federal incentives for improved science and technology scores, how have you seen curriculum development change over the last few years?
I am a professor of literacy. The biggest changes in my area are from the Common Core State Standards. Within the standards is an expectation that students will have multimodal experiences. So in my children's literature class students move from print materials to electronic materials. We have brought iPads into all of our literacy classes. In our tutoring class, our students work with elementary students to create a digital story. We also have included more focus on nonfiction within all of our classes.
Given the sizable financial investment for college, what is your approach in guiding students to pursuing a degree in education?
What a question. I think that providing a quality education for Pre-K to 12th grade students is critical to the success of the United States. There is no profession that does not hinge on quality Pre-K - 12 education. So the most important profession is that of being a teacher.
What's one thing that keeps you excited to come into work every day in the field of education?
I love learning from teachers and students. All of my research is guided by teachers' questions. I share what I learn with my university students so that they can see issues that they will address as teachers or already pondering for practicing teachers. I love working with university students, no matter what level. I enjoy getting them excited about teaching or to renew a love for teaching.
What kind of collective effort do you think is needed to ensure that students perform well not just on tests but take valuable, applicable knowledge for their lives and future careers?
I think we all need to support students through high-level work that enriches their thinking. I think that when you ask students to engage in low-level tasks they comply and see learning as a routine. I want students to be excited and to be willing to deal with ambiguity as they problem solve solutions. For example, I want teachers to ask students questions they do not already have the answers to.
For a student pursuing a degree in education today, what advice would you give them for getting their degree and the time afterward?
I would suggest that they move from viewing themselves as students where they just complete tasks in each class as assigned. I want them to think as teachers as they complete learning expectations. They might question, why is the instructor having me learn about beginning literacy? How might I use this information if I am planning on being a fifth grade teacher? This thinking will help them shift into the role of teacher and this type of thinking will guide them in the experiences they provide to their students.


If you're looking for a rare experience, a week, month or weekend respite —The Woods House is for you! Enjoy the peace! Conveniently located outside the historic village of Stone Ridge, NY, —close to High Falls, Rosendale, Woodstock, Kingston and New Paltz — yet set in 40 acres of forest, our House in the Woods is blissfully quiet and secluded.


text:
I Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, Ed. 2 1787.
Synthetic a priori
Kant develops a theory of a priori reason and hence of perception. He extensively catalogues different types of reasoning, showing the need for 'synthetic a priori' reasoning, as in mathematics, as well as analytic reasoning.
Kant's notion is that one has a priori intuitions of space and time that we fit sensations to, to make sense of them. Thus, without assuming anything about a possible external reality we can reason about our possible perceptions.
Summarising, Kant supposes that everything that 'is' is a result of some activity, and that the effect of all activities is conditional, as may be the fact of an activity. These conditions are thus the 'cause' of what is, as an effect. But what 'is' as a cause 'is', and so is as an effect. Hence one must have an indefinite backward chain of cause and effect. But the associated times do not necessarily need to go back indefinitely in time: they may be bounded. Thus there may be nothing of a chain at one time, but then at a later time the chain may be active, but without a particular beginning.
Non-finality
Kant shows how reasoning is typically a 'work in progress', which goes wrong when it claims a certainty or finality that is not justified. For example, he distinguishes between saying that a chain of causality goes back indefinitely, meaning however far you go back there may always be further to go, and saying that chains go back infinitely, implying that the universe had no 'big bang'. He is equally critical of dogmatism, misplaced 'mathematical' (i.e. formal) and 'practical' or 'pragmatic' reasoning.
Kant's 12 'pure concepts of the understanding which apply to objects of intuition' include 'Of Community (reciprocity between agent and patient (sic))'. 'This is a quite different kind of connection from that which is found in the mere relation of cause and effect' and plays a key role in Kant's concept of a 'whole'. Most of Kant's examples of the mis-use of reason are when reasoning has been confined to mundane objects and causality, but leaps to make groundless deductions about community.
The signs of a community may fade as one looks back in time, such that the community did not exist at one time but came into being later, with no linear cause and effect chain.
The forms of possible knowledge
Kant has a corresponding notion of the structure of possible knowledge. This includes partial orders for space and time, of bounded, nested and inter-related communities, wholes and systems whose 'ways of existing' may persist or periodically 'alter'
Kant also distinguishes between scientific and technical reasoning. The former is always uncertain and striving, whereas the latter may be pragmatic. Kant made a significant contribution to modern notions of science.
Kant argues for a practical reason in which one seeks 'to be worthy to be happy', rather than directly to be happy, thus avoiding some difficulties of the direct approach. His approach to decision-making is to maximize utility unless some categorical imperative is at stake.
Kant's notion of the relationships of 'community' clearly generates complexity beyond the linear cause-effect relationships. Much of the work is about the inappropriateness of methods of reasoning developed for linear situations in complex cases.
Kant's Critique does not deal with uncertainty or probability explicitly, beyond lack of certainty. However in so far as theories of uncertainty and probabilities are ways of reasoning, Kant's recommendations apply to them.
In Bayesian probability theory a posteriori probability is derived from likelihoods and a priori probabilities. These a priori probabilities are sometimes empirical (derived from statistics), sometimes a priori analytic (as when the notion of a 'fair coin' entails the probability of 'Heads') and sometimes a priori synthetic (as when applying a 'rule indifference'). The critique thoroughly analyses a priori synthetic propositions, claiming to describe all valid ones. The rest he relegates to 'practical reason', about which he is damning. The critique thus presents a case against the notion that there is a valid method for assigning a priori probabilities.
Practical reason
Practical people like to act as if they knew what the situation was, which they can only do by ignoring the inevitable uncertainties. They are typically pragmatic, in that they will convince themselves that the conditions that are necessary for their action to succeed are the case, and continue to believe it for as long as possible.
Sense Making
The critique is about the reasoning part of sense making. If sense making is seen as finding a frame within which to interpret the perceptions, then Kant regards this as 'practical'. But Kant notes that in sense-making the presence of some things may make others things more probable, so that perceptions form complexes. Thus there is a reflexive relationship between the choice of frame and the contents. Kant's 'pure reason' has regard to this complexity and the resultant uncertainty. Thus he would regard sense-making as folly when it makes more certain sense than is justified, neglecting the complexities and uncertainties. What one needs is to be able to have regard for all the conditional possibilities and to be able to 'take a risk' without repressing any possibilities.
The departure point for Kant's more metaphysical ruminations is the consideration of free will. According to conventional reason free will is incompatible with law-like causality, but Kant's concept of community (complexity) in effect creates gaps in conventional theories for free will to operate, without it being possible to prove that it does so. But a belief in the possibility of free will seems useful.
Kant's notion of morality is to strive to be worthy of happiness. This presumably includes working towards establishing protocols for dispute resolution, and other useful conventions.
Kant played a full role in The Enlightenment or 'age of reason'. He was advocating an advance on the previously conventional 'practical reason', to take account of complexity and uncertainty. Today the distinction is not widely appreciated, so that the Enlightenment is sometimes associated with that limited reason which it tried to transcend, and hence with a narrow rationality and scientism.
Kant's Copernican revolution
Before Kant, the term 'subjective' referred to a supposed 'thing in itself', whereas 'objective' referred to how things appear to us, consistent with the subject-object distinction in grammar. Kant's work led to a revolution in usage, in which (based on C.O.D.) one has:
subjective: concerning the conscious, thinking or perceiving subject
objective: concerning the external object presented to the subject.
But Kant's point was the subjective 'thing in itself' was essentially un-knowable, whereas we could objectively known how we made sense of things (pgs 126, 139). For example, we can objectively know what we mean by a coin's being fair, and how we would test for fairness, but we can only subjectively believe that a particular coin is actually fair. Similarly, I may know what my mental model of a fox is (and hence how I recognize one) but still have no idea of what a fox is 'in itself'. But Kant seems to have been misunderstood, leading to some confusion.
Suppose that there are two alternative theories that one tests with an experiment. In Kant's usage the conceptualisation of the results, such as 'x is proportional to y within the bounds of experimental error', can be objective, whereas the theory that is thereby supported is only subjective (there may be alternatives). Thus what is objective is 'possible proportionality of the results of the experiment', what is subjective is the interpretation. This fits with grammar if we say 'the theory is supported by the results'. In common sense (and more generally prior to Kant), though, when we look at a fox it is the fox that has an objective existence and our perception of it that is subjective. Mixing Kantian terminology with this common sense view leads to confusion.
Links to others
Berkeley, Boole, Whitehead, Keynes, Smuts, Turing.
The concept of what he calls community and what we may call complexity is central to Kant's critique of practical reason. Complexes may have obscure origins, in 'critical instabilities', seeming to be self-organising and 'emergent', so that although cause-and-effect chains can be traced back indefinitely, this does not mean that they can be traced back indefinitely 'in time' or that there is always some prior 'state' that constitutes a manifest 'objective' cause in the sense that common sense seems to expect. This can make 'pragmatic reason', based on classical understandings, inappropriate and flawed. Rather, one needs to understand the logic (or logics) of what Kant calls 'communities'.
David Marsay
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Office space prices ranging from ₹3000 - ₹23499 per month.
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Strategically positioned in the heart of Chennai"s CBD this premium commercial building provides state-of-the-art office space, best-in-class conference facilities and comprehensive business services to create a corporate and contemporary office environment.
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In one the most well-known landmark buildings in the city this new age business centre / co-working platform offers a great mix of well-designed contemporary hot-desking spaces and a mix of different sized office cabins in the Central Business District in Nungambakkam.
The centre in Chennai is based in one of the most preferred IT hubs and offers fully furnished co-working and serviced office space. It is close to public transportation and gives you the right infrastructure and an inspiring community. Furthermore there are a lot of hotels and restaurants located in this area. You can enjoy high-speed internet, gaming rooms and serviced smart business cafe.
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This business centre provides modular workstations fully equipped with LAN / Wi-Fi internet in a location that is just a 10-minute drive from the airport. The office space is flexible in its rental period and is ready to provide plug-and-play office accommodation.


I recently received a note from the wife of a gentleman who attended one of my keynotes last year. After the program he and his wife were browsing our website, and she was drawn to one of our features, "When The Going Gets Tough." She said she was attracted to the inspirational content and the brevity of each anecdote which allows her to fit it into her class schedule on a regular basis.
She noted that her students have enjoyed hearing and discussing these various accounts and found them a means of encouragement for those times when things simply aren't going as well as hoped.
At one time or another we've probably all enjoyed telling our children or grandchildren how difficult it was growing up back in the day — walking to school in a snow storm, uphill, both ways; having to actually walk up to our TV sets and physically turn a knob to change channels or adjust the volume; having to cope with a party line or actually dialing our telephone; and having to use a camera rather than a cell phone to take pictures.
While things may have seemed tough as we look back, I shudder to think what today's young people will have to deal with in the coming decades. A quick glance at our current media gives you an idea of how rapidly things are changing: we're about to have our first black President, female President, or oldest President in our history; jobs are quickly becoming our largest export, our national debt is growing to unequaled heights, reality TV has taken over the airways, and more people voted for American Idol than they did in our last Presidential election! Makes my childhood snow storm look like spring break in Aruba!
Our young people are destined to fall from time to time. Probably more so than we did. Sometime they will be pushed down. Some will try to hold them down. Our message to them is simple: "Ya gotta get up!" That will be their key not only to survival but to attaining success in their chosen endeavors.
Dr. Seuss's first children's book was rejected by 23 publishers.
Michael Jordan was cut from his high school basketball team as a sophomore — no potential!
Apple Computer was rejected by Hewlett-Packard and Atari.
Coca-Cola sold only 400 Cokes in its first year!
Walt Disney was once fired by a newspaper. The reason? Lack of ideas!
Beethoven's violin teacher declared him hopeless as a composer!
IBM, GE, and RCA all rejected the Xerox machine!
Parker Brothers turned down Trivial Pursuit!
Everyone seems to enjoy and appreciate learning how well-known people from all walks of life have overcome obstacles to achieve their current level of success. On our web site, we currently offer a total of seven segments under the title: When The Going Gets Tough. Within those seven segments, you'll find a total of 41 short, interesting, anecdotes that will certainly add a little inspiration and encouragement to your daily grind. There is much to be learned from observing the efforts of others as they strive to succeed. We feature snippets concerning both individuals and organizations.
In the future, all additions to this series will appear here on the blog for your convenience. Share these stories with your children and grandchildren as there is much to learn from the tribulations and triumphs of those who have attained great notoriety. Current and future leaders can also benefit from revisiting these interesting revelations.
Check our first blog installment as well as those on our website. We look forward to adding future examples as well.


(Australia , Canberra) - CroquetWeb is a set of pages with links to croquet resources around the world. Additions, corrections, etc are always welcome.
Extensive links to accessories, associations, clubs, directories, equipment, media, and personal websites.


All database commands are reduced to 3: Load, Store, & Delete. Parameters are vendor-specific, except a possible security parameter to be defined. Strongly-typed database. It is anticipated that vendor implementations will have to be approved individually.
Microsoft: I'd like to see this built into SQL Server as an interface. Application passes the object in, SQL Server maps it (strongly typed). Same for MySQL and Oracle.


All sample sizes available as well as secondhand uniform and NEW, PRINTED crossovers + tops on offer.
If you have any items of secondhand uniform you would like to sell then please drop them at 3.30pm for us to sort and label. If you bring them between 4 and 5pm we won't be able to offer it to any pupils as won't have time to sort it!
It's especially important for any pupils taking exams this term to ensure they have the correct uniform, including character shoes + skirts for Grade 1 + 2 Ballet pupils.
Excited to be arranging yet more RAD and ISTD exams for the Autumn Term!
This time we'll be taking the Grade 2 tappers up to ISTD HQ in Old Street and the Primary, Grade 1 and Grade 2 Ballet students will be heading to the Siegeris School of Dance in Wimbledon to share their session. We hosted the SSD Grade 4 Modern students in July so it will be great to be their guests! Miss Jo met Mrs Jennifer - Principal of SSD- when they were both doing their teacher training and, as luck would have it, Mis Lucy teaches for the SSD too!