We look comprehensively at 26 Medellín museums including museums in other municipalities in the Aburrá Valley to find the 12 best museums in Medellín and the Aburrá Valley. Medellín is home to many excellent museums.
But the 10 English-language Colombia guidebooks that I have only include six to 11 out of the 25 museums in Medellín and the Aburrá Valley. And they all miss several of the best museums in the Medellin metro area.
In addition, there is no website I have seen that has a comprehensive list of all the museums in Medellín and the Aburrá Valley. The city of Medellín published a list of 23 museums in 2017 but one of these is currently closed – Casa Museo Zoológico Santa Fe. And some of the information in that list is out-of-date.
Medellín has many museums that are worth visiting. We first look at the 12 best Medellín museums and the Aburrá Valley. Note that we looked at each of these 12 museums previously in more detail in separate articles for each museum.
Also, these 12 best Medellín museums are in order based on my personal opinion, as well as the popularity of the museum articles on the Medellin Guru website.
Museo de Antioquia is reportedly the most popular museum in Medellín. In addition, it's considered one of the city's top tourist attractions.
Parque Explora is Medellín's popular interactive science museum and aquarium. It has over 300 interactive activities and the largest freshwater aquarium in South America.
While its name is Parque Explora, it isn't really a park. It's actually an interactive science museum with over 300 interactive activities. In addition, there is a large aquarium, a terrarium (with frogs, snakes, turtles and other reptiles), an outdoor dinosaur exhibition, a small television studio, a 3D movie auditorium, restaurants, cafes and a souvenir shop.
Kids love all the interactive activities and also the aquarium at Parque Explora. So, you will see many families with kids at Parque Explora.
Parque Explora is perfect for families with children, as there are plenty of things for kids to do and it is very kid-friendly. But kids and adults alike can have a great time here. The bottom line is that it's really a place for all ages.
This museum is extremely interactive inside and outside with so many interesting activities.
Entrance fee: 25,500 pesos per person. Or if over 60 years-old or a student with a student ID, the fee is 23,500 pesos. And children less than 1.1 meters (3 feet 7 inches) can enter for free. In addition, for a total fee of 38,500 pesos you can enter both Parque Explora and the Planetarium.
Hours: Tuesday to Friday: 8:30am to 5:30 pm. Saturday, Sunday and Holidays: 10:00 am to 6:30 pm. Closed on Monday except when it's a holiday.
Jardín Botánico is also considered a museum by the city of Medellín with its living plants on display.
Jardín Botanico is a great place to go on a picnic, take photos, read a book and relax. It's a serene and tranquil place with lots of shade for hot days. And the botanical gardens are well maintained. We recommend bringing a blanket to lay on and relax.
Hours: open daily 9:00 am to 4:30 pm. Yet it is sometimes closed for special events or special dates. Also, it sometimes hosts some events later in the day.
Medellín's Museo de Arte Moderno (Modern Art Museum) or MAMM is definitely worth a visit with an intriguing mix of exhibitions located in a striking building.
The building and the terrace views of the Modern Art Museum are worth the visit alone. But the permanent exhibitions are why you should really come.
On the 4th Floor, you will find three permanent exhibitions that show a diverse collection of artworks from Colombian artists. This floor was the real draw for me.
So often exceptional artists are never shown outside of their home country due to the huge costs of insuring and transporting artworks. Without individuals interested in paying to see them on the other side of the world, they remain hidden gems in their countries of birth.
So, by visiting the Modern Art Museum you get the unique opportunity to encounter lessor known Colombian artists that are still greats. But more than that, art often provides a glimpse into the social and political issues occurring in a region at a specific point in time. The permanent exhibitions of MAMM is no exception.
This museum is recommended as it has an intriguing mix of exhibitions and public space that provides a civilized outing for a relaxing Sunday afternoon.
Entrance fee: Adults 10,000 pesos; children and students less then 25-years-old 7,000 COP; adults older than 60-years-old 7,000 pesos. And on the final Friday of each month the museum is open later with entry free from 6 pm to 10 pm.
Hours: Tuesday to Friday: 9 am – 6 pm; Saturday: 10 am – 6 pm; Sunday: 10 am – 5 pm; closed Monday except on holiday Mondays.
You wouldn't expect to find a European-style castle in South America, but Medellín has a castle. Museo El Castillo is a Gothic-style castle in Medellín that was a former residence, which is now a museum.
The gardens of the castle are kept in very good condition and offer nice panoramic views of the city of Medellín. And it's a great place to relax for an hour or more. Also, it's a good place for a picnic.
Inside the castle, the museum preserves collections of works by Colombian masters, European artists and collections of decorative arts. This includes some furniture from the beginning of the last century, Baccarat glassware, china and porcelain from European manufacturers. Note no photos are permitted inside this museum.
Museo El Castillo is a unique building in Medellín that is worth visiting. Furthermore, it's a great place to get away from the bustle of the city and relax in a nice setting with great views.
Entrance fee: 13,000 pesos for adults or 9,000 pesos for children and students.
Hours: Monday – Friday: 9 am – noon and 2 pm – 6 pm; Saturday, Sunday and Holidays: 10 am – 5 pm.
Museo Casa de la Memoria (House of Memory Museum) is a museum in Medellín dedicated to honoring the victims of urban conflict in Medellín and Colombia. And it's worth seeing this museum to better understand the history of the city of Medellín.
In addition, Medellín's Museo Casa de la Memoria is a place intended to give voices to Medellín's victims of violence. Also, it's intended to provide a place to grieve, reunite, remember, and develop strategies to avoid future violence.
Museo Casa de la Memoria is worth visiting to better understand the controversial history of Medellín and Colombia. The museum does a good job of documenting Colombia's armed conflict. And it can help you understand how far Medellín and Colombia has really transformed over the past several decades.
Also, there are additional temporary exhibits found on two other floors of the museum. The museum has an impressive collection of items on display.
Museo Universidad Antioquia is definitely worth visiting to see the many exhibits in the museum. The most impressive exhibits in the museum are the anthropology and natural sciences exhibits.
Hours: Monday to Friday: 8 am to 6 pm, Saturday 9 am to 1 pm.
Pedro Nel Gómez Casa Museo is a museum in Medellín dedicated to the life and works of Colombian artist Pedro Nel Gómez who is best known for his work as a muralist.
Gómez is one of the most famous and well-known artists in Latin America. And this museum is considered one of Medellín's most important cultural tourist attractions. So, this museum is worth visiting.
The artwork displayed in the museum includes a large number of murals, water colors, oil paintings, pastels, engravings, sculptures and wood carvings.
Entrance fee: a voluntary donation is asked for.
Museo Cementerio San Pedro is a cemetery that is also a popular museum in Medellín. It may seem macabre to visit. But this cemetery museum is full of beautiful marble and bronze artwork and it's also known for cultural events and tours.
In addition, Museo Cementerio San Pedro has a small church with some beautiful stained-glass windows.
This museum is worth a visit to learn about some of the history of Medellín and Colombia. And I recommend going with a tour guide, as there are some interesting stories about many of the tombs, mausoleums and sculptures.
Hours: Daily 7:30 am to 5:30 pm.
Casa Museo Otraparte is a small house in Envigado converted into a museum and dedicated to the life and works of Colombian philosopher and writer Fernando González (1895-1964). This museum is considered a hidden gem with its old villa, beautiful gardens and a popular café.
González wrote about art, economics, history, morality, sociology and theology in a creative way. And González is considered one of the most original and controversial writers of Colombia during the 20th century.
This museum with its old house, beautiful gardens and café is considered a hidden gem, which is worth seeing.
Hours: Monday to Friday: 8 am to 8 pm; Saturday and Sunday: 9 am to 5 pm.
Planetario de Medellín (Planetarium of Medellín) is a space museum located in north Medellín that is very popular and is worth seeing. It has many exhibits dedicated to the exploration and education about space, our planet and solar system.
The Planetario de Medellín Jesús Emilio Ramírez González offers its visitors one of the most modern planetariums in the world with a 57-foot digital dome for immersive film experiences of high quality.
Planetario de Medellín along with nearby Parque Explora are both perfect places to go for families with children, as there are plenty of things for kids to do and these attractions are considered very kid-friendly. But kids and adults alike can have a great time here.
Entrance fee: 15,500 pesos per person, 14,000 pesos if over 60 or a student with student ID.
Hours: Tuesday to Sunday and Holidays: 10:00 am to 6:30 pm. Closed on Monday except when it's a holiday.
The goal of the museum is to educate citizens about how precious water is. In addition, Museo del Agua is considered a museum of science, art and technology.
Museo del Agua is an interesting and unique museum in Medellín. It has a beautifully designed series of interactive displays and high-tech entertainment that provides a lot of interesting information and is very kid friendly.
Entrance fee: 6,000 pesos and free for older than 60 or under 5 years old.
Medellín and the Aburrá Valley have another 13 museums that tend to be smaller museums without as many visitors as the 12 best Medellín museums.
Museo Etnográfico Miguel Angel Builes (MEMAB) is a museum dedicated to preserving the cultural patrimony of Colombia by exhibiting ethnographic pieces showing the cultural diversity of ethnic groups in Colombia.
It's worth a visit to the Miguel Angel Builes Ethnographic Museum to see the large collection of over two thousand ethnographic pieces of daily use, ritual and subsistence on display. The exhibits in the museum demonstrate the great cultural richness of the indigenous and Afro-ethnic groups in Colombia.
This museum doesn't get as many visitors as the more well-known museums in Medellín.
Entrance fee: the museum asks for a 5,000 peso per person donation to support the museum. There is a small box to collect donations near the entrance.
Hours: Monday to Friday: 8 am to noon and 2 pm to 5:30 pm, Saturday 8 am to noon. Closed on Sunday and holidays. Note that the museum many look closed from the outside but the guard will open the outside door during the hours the museum is open.
Museo de Ciudad (Medellín's City Museum) is intended to show the urban and social history of the city of Medellín. It has a very interesting photo exhibit with many photos from the 1890s to about 1950 showing the history of the city of Medellín.
Mueso de Ciudad is located at the top of Nutibara hill next to Pueblito Paisa.
Since the beginning of the 1980s, the Biblioteca Publica Piloto de Medellín started a process to collect the visual and photographic history of the city of Medellín. This impressive collection of photos now includes about 1,700,000 images. And many photos from this collection are displayed in Museo de Ciudad.
Also, there is an interesting scale model of the city of Medellín, which is a permanent exhibit in the museum.
Hours: Monday to Sunday 10 am to 6 pm.
Toucan Museo Del Cafe is the newest museum in Medellín, which opened on November 22, 2018. This small museum has exhibits in English and Spanish showing the history of coffee in the world and the history of coffee in Colombia plus the process for making coffee.
This new museum was created by Toucan Spanish School, which also has a café and offers several different walking tours, coffee tours and full day tours.
The new Toucan Museo Del Cafe is the only coffee museum in Medellín. And the museum offers a guided tour of the small museum. With the exhibits you will learn the process how coffee is made and can even sample Colombian coffee.
Hours: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm.
Museo Casa Gardeliana is a small house located in the Manrique neighborhood of Medellín converted into a museum that is dedicated to tango music and the life and works of tango musician Carlos Gardel.
Carlos Gardel (1890-1935) was a French Argentine singer, writer, composer and actor who was one of the biggest superstars in the history of tango music. Gardel tragically died in Medellín in a plane crash in 1935.
Even if you know little about Gardel and tango music, you likely have heard his popular song Por Una Cabeza, which was included in several movies including The Scent of a Woman, True Lies and Schindler's List, among others.
This small museum in Manrique is worth a visit, particularly if you are interested in tango music.
Museo de Geosciencias de la Universidad Nacional is a small museum of geosciences or earth sciences. The museum has a collection of over 10,000 specimens with a representative sample on display in the museum's exhibition hall.
On display are rocks, minerals and fossils from Colombia and the world. Also, there are tour guides from the university available (in Spanish in my experience).
The history of this museum is linked to the establishment of the National School of Mines in 1887. Since then, the growth of its collection has been possible due to the contributions of professors, students and people interested in geosciences.
Hours: Monday and Saturday: 9 am to 2 pm, Tuesday to Friday: 9 am to 5 pm. But they frequently close earlier than scheduled. So, I recommend going in the morning.
Museo Entomológico Piedras Blancas is an insect museum located in Parque Piedras Blancas. On exhibit in one large room are hundreds of insects out of a collection of reportedly over 15,000 preserved insect specimens from various regions of Colombia.
You will see beetles, butterflies, ants, bees, wasps, flies, chinches, cockroaches, mosquitoes and other arthropods such as tarantulas, centipedes and many more species. There are even a few living insects on display. This museum is relatively small but is very popular with kids.
Entrance fee: 7,500 pesos for the museum plus 5,700 pesos to enter the park. Entrance to the museum is free for kids less than 7-years-old.
Hours: Wednesday to Sunday and Holidays: 9 am to 5 pm.
Fundación Aburrá is a museum with a collection of more than 3,000 pieces of pre-Hispanic and religious art, through which it investigates and promotes the history and ancestral values of Antioquia's culture and identity.
Unfortunately, this is a very small museum, which only has space to display a few hundred items out of its large collection. I found the items on display to be very interesting and wish they could display more of the large collection. But they rotate some items on display every few months.
Hours: Monday to Friday: 9 am – 5 pm. If the front door is closed during this hours, knock on the door and they will open it.
Rafael Uribe Uribe Palace of Culture (Palacio del la Cultura Rafael Uribe Uribe) is a very distinctive building located in El Centro in Medellín. It is likely the most photographed building in the city.
The building was designed by Belgian architect Agustin Goovaerts in the Gothic Revival style. With its use of intricate black and white bricks the building really stands out as an architectural gem in the city.
The dome in the building was modeled upon New York City skyscrapers. Most of all it was built using metal supports from Belgium with a complicated structure of nuts and bolts, rather than traditional welding methods.
Rafael Uribe Uribe Palace of Culture is located in El Centro right next to Plaza Botero and also near to Museo de Antioquia.
Inside the building, visitors reportedly have access to photographic and music archives. In addition, there is a small art gallery, a library, an interior courtyard and documentation centers. Also, in the dome there is an auditorium used to show films on occasion.
The city of Medellín considers Rafael Uribe Uribe Palace of Culture to be a museum but there really isn't that much to see in the building except for the small art gallery.
Hours: Monday to Friday: 8:00 am – 4:30 pm; Saturday: 8:00 am – 3:30 pm; Sunday and Holidays: closed.
Museo Etnográfico Madre Laura is considered a museum of religious tourism in Medellín. It spreads the legacy and testimony of Saint Mother Laura who lived and died in Medellín in 1949.
The museum's mission is to investigate, preserve and communicate the cultural elements that are part of the ethnic groups where Missionary Sisters of Mary Immaculate and Saint Catherine of Siena (Mother Laura) is present in different countries of Latin America, Europe and Africa.
This museum has four small halls: Clothing, Weaving, Ceramics and Basketwork and Hunting and Fishing. There are nearly 1,500 pieces of ceramics, musical instruments and pottery of indigenous Colombia cultures as well as 21 countries where missionaries of Mother Laura are active today.
This museum to me was like a smaller version of Museo Etnográfico Miguel Angel Builes (MEMAB). But Museo Etnográfico Madre Laura doesn't permit you to take photos. However, they let me take one photo, seen above.
Banco de la República has assumed as one of its missions, the rescue, preservation, analysis and study of pre-Hispanic, numismatic, philatelic and documentary items that make up important parts of Colombia's cultural heritage.
The Philatelic Museum of Medellín opened its doors on June 6, 1977 and is now known as the Philatelic Collection. It has a collection of nearly 450,000 stamps from Colombia and other countries around the world. This stamp collection is exhibited in rotating exhibitions.
In addition to the Philatelic collection, the Area Cultural Banco de la República has an exhibition hall where it displays art from the bank's large art collection.
Unless you are a stamp collector, the Philatelic Collection won't be of much interest. And the art on display varies from time to time. When I visited recently, the art on display was photos of passengers on public transportation.
Museo Madre Maria Berenice is a small museum dedicated to the life and works of Mother Maria Berenice, who in 1943 founded the Religious Congregation of the Little Sisters of the Annunciation, which is now present in 15 countries.
She began her religious life at age 19 and is currently in the process of being canonized. Her evangelical work was characterized by spirituality, humility and simplicity. She served those with scarce economic resources. In the museum you can see items from her work and also her personal objects, such as cutlery she used, her soap dish and the last vestment she wore before her death in 1993.
This is a small museum with only two rooms with items on display. The museum is located on a small enclosed campus with a church and school. And to enter you will need to be buzzed in at the outside door.
Unless interested in the religious history of someone that is in the process of being declared a saint, this small museum won't be of interest.
Hours: Monday to Sunday: 9 am to noon and 3 pm to 6 pm.
Museo Choza Marco Fidel Suárez is located in Bello and is near Iglesia Nuestra Señora del Rosario, which is arguably the most beautiful church in the Medellín metropolitan area. This museum is also considered a National Monument.
Suárez rose from humble beginnings in Bello to become the president of Colombia from 1918 to 1921. In addition, inside the museum is a small hut, which was where Suárez was born.
In the museum, there is also a collection of some of Suárez's personal objects donated by his granddaughter Teresa Morales de Gómez. These include photographs, letters, manuscripts, the Presidential Band and the primer on which he learned to read. There is also a bust in honor of Rosalía Suárez, mother of the former president.
This is a very small museum that isn't really worth visiting unless you are interested in Colombia's presidential history.
Museo Biciclasicas y Antiguas (Museum of Classic and Ancient Bicycles) is a small museum in Bello with many old bicycles and also restores bicycles.
This is reportedly the first museum of classic and ancient bicycles in Colombia. And it has over 600 bicycles. The owner is passionate about bicycles and is also a woodcarver and painter.
However, unless you are a fan of old bicycles this small museum likely won't be of much interest.
Last but not least is Museo Víztaz. Museo Víztaz isn't really a physical museum but it's considered a museum by the city of Medellín. The Víztaz Museum offers a traveling "room" tour of photographic equipment from different periods, accompanied by some historical photographs taken with these cameras.
In addition, Museo Víztaz offers many photos on its website including many photos of Feria de las Flores, antique photos, contemporary photos, panoramic photos and many others.
While researching the museums in Medellín and the Aburrá Valley, we discovered some that are closed.
For example, Casa Museo Zoológico Santa Fe is a museum located at Parque Zoológico Santa Fe that is currently closed for renovation.
We also found that Sala Museo Arqueológico in Envigado, El Museo Casablanca in Envigado and Museo Graciliano Arcila Vélez in Itagüí are three additional museums that appear to be closed.
In addition, a Pablo Escobar museum was closed in September 2018 by the city of Medellín. This museum was run by Pablo's brother Robert. And it was closed for operating illegally and failing to have a license with the national tourism office.
Medellin has many museums and we looked at a total of 26 museums in Medellín and the Aburrá Valley to select the 12 best museums that are definitely worth visiting.
Medellin Guru is the only website I am aware of that has information about all 26 of the museums in Medellín and the Aburrá Valley.
Also, if you know about any museums in the Aburrá Valley we missed, please let us know and we'll add to this article.
In addition, "What are the best Medellín museums?" is a common question asked by expats visiting Medellín. So, we included this question in our list of Medellín frequently asked questions (FAQ).
Editors note: updated on September 28, 2018 to add information that a Pablo Escobar museum in Medellín was closed.
Editors note: updated on November 23, 2018 to add the new Toucan Museo Del Cafe.
Editors note: updated on December 1, 2018 with new Museo El Castillo entrance fees.
Thanks for this helpful museum guide. I didn't know about several of the museums on the list.
Do you know when the Museo Casablanca — Débora Arango's museum — will open?
It has been closed about 10 times I have gone by during the day and there is no phone number to be found online and no website, just some old articles about the museum from last year. So, it appears to be permanently closed.


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The ditch dug by the Kurdistan Regional Government at Rojava, separating Syrian and Iraqi Kurds, adds another layer of complexity to the regional conflict.
A member of Iraqi security forces looks on during the digging operations in Zakho to build a trench on the northern Iraqi border with Syria to prevent people from crossing over into Iraq's autonomous Kurdistan region, April 13, 2014.
While talks explored the best way to unite four pieces of Kurdistan known as Bakur (north), Bashur (south), Rojhilat (east) and Rojava (west) scattered in Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria and the idea a "Kurdish spring" followed Rojava's declaration of autonomy, Kurdish hopes were again split, this time by a giant ditch.
The decision by the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) under President Massoud Barzani to dig a ditch between Rojava and Bashur in Iraq's north led to a major debate among all Kurds, including those in Turkey. The Kurdistan Communities Union (KCK), an affiliate of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), denounced the trench in a series of statements.
The 3-meter-wide, 2-meter-deep ditch will stretch for 17 kilometers (10.5 miles) from the junction of the Euphrates River with South Kurdistan to Walid Point and be guarded by Iraqi peshmerga forces north of Tilkocher. The temporary bridge at Semelka (Peshbaur), the KRG administration center occasionally opened for use since May 2012, was dismantled. Occasional fire by peshmerga on the Rojava Kurds vehemently protesting the digging of the ditch led to some casualties. Ten tents erected to stage protests by Rojava Kurds from Dirbespiye, Amude, Kamihsli, Tribesbiye and Girke Lege became permanent fixtures.
Another interesting incident that caused heated arguments in South Kurdistan was the lowering of the KRG flag at Peshabur and the raising of the flag of Barzani's Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP). This action was protested by Talabani's Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) and the Goran Movement, a potential partner of the next Kurdistan government, in front of the parliament in Erbil.
The trench dug by the Barzani administration between Rojava and Bashur is the manifestation of their differences of opinion. They are a reflection of the disagreements among the Kurds. Rojava Kurds say Barzani is imposing an embargo on his Kurdish brothers to bolster his relations with Turkey. Kurdish sources say Turkey is also digging a ditch along Rojava's Derik-Afrin stretch of border.
It is true that regional alliances have a divisive effect among the Kurds. The ditch affair is also a reflection of the conflict between the traditional tribal politics of the KDP with the ideological foundations of the PKK and the Democratic Union Party (PYD). Modern politics based on ideology pose a threat to conventional tribal politics.
Both sides' claims about the purpose of the ditch and whose idea it was are contradictory.
The PYD thinks the ditch is part of the plan to isolate Rojava and holds not the entire KRG, but the KDP responsible for it.
A peshmerga commander said the ditch was a joint decision by the Erbil and Baghdad governments. He said the 17-kilometer ditch is a segment of the 605 kilometer ditch dug along the Iraq-Syria border. But Ali Musawi, adviser to Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki, said there had been no such decision. As for the accusation that the trench project was not ruled on by the KRG but by the KDP, Haci Osman said the decision was in fact that of the Peshmerga Ministry. This was quickly denied by Cebba Yaver, the ministry's secretary.
It is hard to believe that the KDP coordinates with the Baghdad government with which it is in perennial conflict. Kurdish sources told Al-Monitor they find the claim of 1,000 ISIS militants caught at the borders unlikely. ISIS generally uses the routes from Mosul to get to Ramadi. Obviously, the groups that will be most affected by the ditch are not armed militants, but smugglers. Smuggling, at the moment, is the illegal lifeline feeding the Rojava economy, which is under blockade by both Turkey and South Kurdistan. This is where the real origin of the trench lies. Preventing smuggling will indirectly contribute to economic hardships and thus may affect the success of the PYD's rule in Rojava. If the PYD weakens and loses control, then the path may open for pro-Barzani parties to gain power.
In sum, this struggle began when Barzani's political project in Rojava failed, and it's getting worse. Now there is another project to empower pro-Barzani parties of Rojava: On April 3, Barzani unified Al Parti, Azadi and Yekiti under the banner of the Syrian Kurdistan Democratic Party. Suud Mele of Rojava is the leader of the new party, thus avoiding the criticism of its leaders not living in Rojava. This time, however, the criticism is that the Rojava delegates have no influence in the new structure. This could mean that this new move by Barzani might not be as effective as he hopes.
It didn't take long for members of the new party to encounter another reality. On their return to Rojava, some were detained and others were sent back. The PYD thus played into the hands of those accusing it of forcefully taking over the area and not allowing other groups to exist. But some sources think this could have been an impulsive action by PYD militants and the delegates will eventually be allowed to go back to Rojava.
Whether this ditch will be a grave or a combat zone will depend on Rojava's ability to safeguard its autonomy.


Fort Connah is the oldest surviving wooden structure in Montana and was established by Angus McDonald (pictured at right) of the Hudson Bay Company. This was the site of the HBC trading post presence in the area. Angus and his wife Catherine and their 13 children settled in this area. The Foundation provided a grant of $6,000.00 to the Fort Connah Restoration Society to rebuild the fireplace and chimney in the structure. The bricks are being made in the old hand made adobe method of clay and straw.
The Foundation agreed to continue to support the restoration by offering fireplace bricks for sale to members of Clan Donald USA for a $100 donation to the Foundation. A brick may be purchased in your name which will be shown on a plaque at Fort Connah. Please see the form below. Leo Harteis, the stone mason for the project is also a well-known artisan of Native American Jewelry and a photographer.
During the 2016 AGM, Bill McDaniel (former Clan Donald Foundation President) made a presentation to Joe and Wyman McDonald, great grandsons of Angus and Catherine. A Clan Donald Reference Library has also been incorporated in the Salish Kootenai College there for individuals wishing to research their MacDonald heritage.
Enter name to show on the plaque & then click "Buy Now" at right.


text:
Q: How do I store a MFA credential in Powershell Under Basic authentication you used to be able to store credentials in a variable
$cred = Get-Credential

Now we are using Modern Auth and our Multi Factor Authentication is Duo.
How do I store my credentials for MFA into a variable so I can plug them into a script?
Example
$mfacred = *whateverthecodeis*
Connect-MsolService -Credential $mfacred
Connect-AzureAD -Credential $mfacred

Edit
I do not want to bypass MFA, I want to prompt for it and store the credentials and token in such a way that the rest of the script can make use of the credentials and token.

A:
As far as my experience with MFA-enabled accounts within scripts. The only way you'll be able to bypass MFA is using cmdlets without the '-Credential' parameter.
The main use case for MFA is to protect against things like this: scripts running on a compromised account.

UPDATE:
So, there is a way to hack your way into programmatically getting the token. This is done by utilizing the ADAL binaries that come with the install of the Azure Modules and/or other O365 Modules. There is no easy way to prompt and store the token in a variable.
You will need to load the DLL in your script to start caching the token:
Add-Type -Path 'C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\AzureAD\2.0.x.x\Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.dll'

You can acquire the access tokens beforehand by using the AcquireTokenAsync Method.
$accesstoken = [Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.TokenCache]::DefaultShared
$accesstoken.ReadItems() | select DisplayableId, Authority, ClientId, Resource

The above ReadItem() method will give you all the information you need to store the token in a variable.
$authContext = New-Object "Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.AuthenticationContext" -ArgumentList #PLACE AUTHORITY URL HERE#
$client_id = "CLIENT_ID INFO"
$Credential = Get-Credential YOURUSERNAME@COMPANY.COM
$AzureADCred = New-Object "Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.UserPasswordCredential" -ArgumentList $Credential.UserName,$Credential.Password
$authResult = [Microsoft.IdentityModel.Clients.ActiveDirectory.AuthenticationContextIntegratedAuthExtensions]::AcquireTokenAsync($authContext,"https://RESOURCE-URL.COM",$client_Id,$AzureADCred)

Once you have the token, you can use that to connect to your session, may it be exchange online, Azure, or Office.
$Authorization = "Bearer {0}" -f $authResult.Result.AccessToken
$Password = ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText $Authorization -Force
$Ctoken = New-Object System.Management.Automation.PSCredential -ArgumentList "YourCompanyUserAccount@COMPANY.COM", $Password

There is a caveat, these are only applying to the access tokens and does not take into account of refresh token. You might not even get the refresh token returned based on which ADAL binaries you use.
To learn more about access tokens, you can research more about it here

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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a cement-based composition with high strength and high tenacity, and consisting essentially of a cement, a pozzolanic fine powder, a quartz fine powder, a sand and a metallic fiber by using the pozzolanic fine powder, the quartz fine powder and the sand, having a specific average particle diameter. SOLUTION: This cement-based composition consisting essentially of a cement, a pozzolanic fine powder, a quartz fine powder, a sand and a metallic fiber uses the pozzolanic fine powder having <1.5 μm average particle diameter, the quartz fine powder having 1.5-20 μm average particle diameter and the sand having 0.1-10 mm average particle diameter. The pozzolanic fine powder is the fine powder taking part in a pozzolanic reaction and mainly fumed silica or flyash. The metallic fiber is preferably made of a stainless steel and preferably has 0.05-0.8 mm diameter and 1-30 mm length. Preferably, the amount of the pozzolanic fine powder is 5-40 pts.wt., that of the quartz fine powder is 1-80 pts.wt., that of the sand is 50-400 pts.wt. based on 100 pts.wt. cement. The amount of the metallic fiber is suitably 1-5 vol.% of the concrete volume after coagulation. An admixture comprising a water-soluble vinyl copolymer having phenoxy group and carbonyl group is preferably blended therewith.
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、金属繊維を含有したセメント系組成物およびその硬化体に関し、特に高強度および高靱性のセメント系組成物およびその硬化体に関する。 The present invention relates to the cementitious composition containing metal fibers and relates its cured product, in particular high strength and high toughness cementitious compositions and to a cured product.
00μm、最大約800μmの砂を用い、これを最大粒径とした超高強度の金属繊維配合コンクリートが最近提案されている(特表平09-500352号)。 00Myuemu, with sand up to about 800 [mu] m, ultra high strength metal fiber blend concrete which was used as a maximum particle size has been proposed recently (Kohyo No. 09-500352).
【0003】このコンクリートでは応力は細骨材とペーストの界面に集中するが、クラックサイズは細骨材の大きさに比例するので、細骨材の粒径を小さくして高強度化を図っている。  concentrated on the interface of the stress in this concrete and fine aggregate paste, since crack level is proportional to the size of the fine aggregate, the aim of increasing the strength by reducing the particle size of the fine aggregate there. しかし、骨材の粒径が小さ過ぎると逆にクラックの伝播に対する抵抗が小さくなるので破壊しやすくなり、また曲げ強度も低くなる。 However, it becomes easy to break because the resistance to particle size of the cracks is too small backpropagation aggregate decreases, also the bending strength is also lowered. また、このコンクリートに対しては通常のナフタリンスルホン酸系混和剤は効果がなく、ポリカルボン酸系混和剤が用いられるが、この種の混和剤であっても効果の違いが大きい。 Further, conventional naphthalene sulfonic acid admixtures has no effect on this concrete, polycarboxylic acid-based admixtures are used, the difference of the effect is greater even in this kind of admixture.
このような材料の粒径による影響を検討し、従来提案されているものとは異なる材料粒径の組み合わせ、およびその硬化体組織の特徴によりコンクリート硬化体の機械的強度の向上を図り、また特定の反応基を有する分散剤を併用することにより機械的強度を一層高めたものであり、かかるセメント系組成物およびその硬化体を提供することを目的とする。 Such discussed such an influence of the particle size of the material, the combination of different materials particle size than what is conventionally proposed, and aims to improve the mechanical strength of the concrete hardened body by the features of the cured body tissue and the specific the combined use of the dispersing agent having a reactive group are those that further enhanced mechanical strength, and an object thereof is to provide such a cementitious composition and a cured body.
【課題を解決する手段】すなわち、本発明は、(1)セメント、ポゾラン質微粉末、石英質微粉末、砂および金属繊維を主成分とし、ポゾラン質微粉末の平均粒径が1. That Means for Solving the Problems The present invention provides (1) a cement, a major component pozzolanic substance fine powder, siliceous fine powder, sand and metal fibers, the mean particle size of the powder pozzolanic fine powder is 1.
であり、砂の平均粒径が0.1〜10mmであることを特徴とするセメント系組成物に関するものである。 , And the relates cementitious compositions having an average particle diameter of sand is characterized by a 0.1 to 10 mm.
【0006】本発明のセメント系組成物は、(2)ポゾラン質微粉末がシリカフュームまたはフライアッシュであるセメント系組成物、(3)金属繊維が直径0.05〜0.  cementitious compositions of the present invention, (2) pozzolanic substance fine powder silica fume or cement-based composition is a fly ash, (3) metal fibers having a diameter from 0.05 to 0.
0重量部、砂が50〜400重量部、金属繊維量が凝結後のコンクリート体積の1〜5%であるセメント系組成物を含む。 0 parts by weight, sand 50 to 400 parts by weight, including cementitious composition weight metal fiber is 1-5% of the concrete volume after setting.
(メタ)アクリル酸塩、メタリルスルホン酸塩、アリルエーテル、(メタ)アクリル酸ポリアルキレングリコールエステル、および(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルを水系ラジカル共重合して得た水溶性ビニル共重合体からなる混和剤を有するセメント系組成物を含む。 (Meth) acrylate, methallyl sulfonate, allyl ether, a (meth) acrylic acid polyalkylene glycol ester, and (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester obtained by polymerizing an aqueous radical copolymerization soluble vinyl copolymer containing cementitious composition having made admixtures.
【0008】また、本発明は、(7)上記(1)〜(6)いずれかに記載のセメント系組成物を硬化してなり、水酸化カルシウムの含有量が単位セメント当たり10%以下であることを特徴とするセメント系硬化体に関する。  The present invention also provides: (7) above (1) to (6) becomes cured cementitious composition according to any one, the content of calcium hydroxide is less than 10% per unit cement it relates to a cement-based hardening material, characterized in. 本発明の上記セメント系硬化体は、(8)空隙率が5%以下であるセメント系硬化体、(9)圧縮強度1500kgf/cm 2以上、曲げ強度150kgf/cm 2以上であるセメント系硬化体、(10)梁、スラブ部材、廃棄物処理容器、電磁波遮蔽材、埋設型枠、プラスチック成形用ロール、水質浄化用有孔パネル部材、機械装置用台座、橋梁部材、床材に用いられるセメント系硬化体を含む。 The cement hardened body of the present invention, (8) Cement cured product porosity of 5% or less, (9) Compression strength 1500 kgf / cm 2 or more, bending strength 150 kgf / cm 2 or more at which cement hardened body , (10) the beam, slab member, waste disposal container, an electromagnetic wave shielding material, buried mold, plastic molding roll, perforated panel member for water purification, mechanical apparatus base, bridges member, cementitious used for flooring including the cured product.
ポゾラン質微粉末の平均粒径が1.5μm未満、石英質微粉末の平均粒径が1.5〜20μm、砂の平均粒径が0. Pozzolanic substance fine powder the average particle size of less than 1.5μm in the average particle size of the fine silica fine powder is 1.5~20Myuemu, the average particle size of sand 0.
1〜10mmであることを特徴とする。 Characterized in that it is a 1 to 10 mm.
【0010】本発明において用いられるセメントの種類は限定されない。  The type of cement used in the present invention is not limited. 普通ポルトランドセメント、早強ポルトランドセメント、超早強ポルトランドセメント、中庸熱ポルトランドセメント、耐硫酸塩ポルトランドセメントなどを使用することができるが、高性能減水剤を吸着しやすいアルミネート相の少ない中庸熱ポルトランドセメント、耐硫酸塩ポルトランドセメントが特に好ましい。 Ordinary portland cement, high-early-strength Portland cement, super high early strength Portland cement, moderate heat portland cement, may be used, such as sulfate resistant Portland cement, low moderate heat portland adsorption tends aluminate phase high performance water reducing agent cement, sulfate resistant Portland cement is particularly preferred.
μmよりもかなり大きいとポゾラン反応に寄与し難くなる。 Hardly contributes to rather large and pozzolanic reaction than [mu] m.
0重量部が適当である。 0 parts by weight is appropriate. また、フライアッシュの量もセメントとのポゾラン反応の点からほぼ上記範囲とほぼ同様の量が適当である。 Further, it is appropriate approximately the same amount substantially above range in terms of pozzolanic reaction and the amount of fly ash is also cement.
【0013】本発明に用いる石英質微粉末は、石英や非晶質石英、オパール質やクリストバライト質のシリカ含有粉末、あるいは岩石粉末、高炉スラグ、火山灰、分級フライアッシュなどが含まれる。 Siliceous fine powder used in the  present invention include quartz or amorphous silica, silica-containing powder of opaline and cristobalite protein or rock powders, blast furnace slag, volcanic ash, such as classification fly ash. 石英質微粉末は平均粒径1.5〜20μmのものが用いられる。 Siliceous fine powder having an average particle diameter 1.5~20μm is used. 硬化体の充填密度を高める観点からは平均粒径2〜10μmのものが特に好ましい。 It is particularly preferable for the average particle size 2~10μm from the viewpoint of enhancing the packing density of the cured product.
重量部に対して1〜80重量部が適当である。 1 to 80 parts by weight is appropriate with respect to parts by weight. この重量比の範囲のものは、水を加え混練してペーストにした際に流動性が良く、硬化体が緻密な充填構造を形成しやすい。 The range of this weight ratio, water is added and kneaded well fluidity upon paste, the cured product tends to form a dense filling structure.
の砂が用いられる。 Sand is used. 砂の粒径は硬化体の強度に大きく影響する。 The particle size of sand greatly affects the strength of the cured body. 破壊時に発生するペーストのクラックの大きさは砂の粒径に比例し、粒径の小さいほうがクラックが小さく破壊し難くなるが、これとは逆に、砂の粒子によるブリッジング補強の効果は粒子径に比例するので、粒径の大きいものほどクラックの拡大に対する抵抗が大きく、クラックが開き難くなるので破壊し難くなる。 The size of the crack paste generated during disruption is proportional to the particle size of the sand, but rather having a small particle diameter hardly cracks destroy small, on the contrary, the effect of bridging reinforcement by sand particles particles is proportional to the diameter, greater resistance to expansion of the cracks as those having a particle size larger, it becomes difficult to break because cracks are not easily opened. この観点からは砂の粒子は大きいほど良い。 Better grain of sand is great from this point of view. また、曲げ強度の点からは、粒径がある程度大きく、かつ角張った砕石などがぺーストとの噛み合わせが大きいので曲げ強度が増進する。 In view of bending strength, larger particle size to some extent, and such angular crushed stone because flexural strength greater engagement with the paste is enhanced. 本発明は、これらの性質を勘案して、最近提案されているものより、かなり粒径の大きな砂を用いている。 The present invention, in consideration of these properties, than those recently proposed, quite using a large sand grain size. この結果、高強度でありかつ高靱性の硬化体が得られる。 As a result, the cured product of it, high toughness and high strength can be obtained.
【0016】上記砂の配合量は、セメント100重量部に対して、50〜400重量部、すなわち、砂/セメント比0.5〜4の範囲が適当であり、0.5〜2の範囲が好ましい。  The amount of the sand, with respect to 100 parts by weight of cement, 50 to 400 parts by weight, i.e., the range of sand / cement ratio from 0.5 to 4 is is suitably in the range of 0.5 to 2 preferable. この配合量の範囲であれば、強度、とくに曲げ強度を保持しつつ、経済的に有利なコンクリートを得るのに好適である。 If the range of this amount, intensity, while maintaining the particularly flexural strength, it is preferable to obtain economically advantageous concrete. 砂/セメント比が0.5よりも小さいと、クラックに対する抵抗性が著しく低下するので好ましくない。 When the sand / cement ratio is less than 0.5, since the resistance to cracking is remarkably reduced undesirably. また、この値が4を上回ると経済的には有利であるがペースト部分が少なくなり過ぎるので高強度のコンクリートが得られない。 Further, the high-strength concrete can not be obtained since this value is advantageous economically exceeds the 4 too little paste portions.
0mmのものが適当である。 0mm of what is appropriate. 直径がこれより大きいと、同一配合量での本数が少なくなる。 If the diameter is larger than this, less is the number of the same amount. マトリクス中の繊維は、長さが一定のとき、靭性はマトリックス中の分散間隔に支配されるので、本数が少ないと分散間隔が広がり靭性が低下する。 Fibers in the matrix, when the length of the constant, toughness because it is dominated by the dispersion distance in the matrix, the number is dispersion spacing and is less spread toughness is reduced. 一方、直径が0.05mm未満では強度が不足し張力を受けた際に切れやすくなる。 On the other hand, easily broken when diameter under tension insufficient strength is less than 0.05 mm. また、繊維による靭性はマトリックスとのグリップ力によるが、長さが30mmを上回るとこの力が頭打ちになり、一方、長さがlmm以下ではグリップ力が殆ど無くなるので靱性が低下する。 Further, toughness due fibers depends on the gripping force between the matrix and the length exceeds 30mm becomes the force leveled off, while the length toughness is lowered because the gripping force is almost eliminated in the following lmm.
【0018】金属繊維の含有量は凝結後のコンクリート体積の1〜5%が適当である。 The content of the metal fibers is suitably 1-5% of the concrete volume after setting. 金属繊維の含有量は硬化体の曲げ強度を増進する効果とペーストの流動性を良好に維持する観点から定められる。 The content of the metal fibers is determined from the viewpoint of maintaining good fluidity of the effect as the paste to enhance the flexural strength of the cured product. 一般に金属繊維の含有量を高めると強度が向上するが、一方でこの含有量が増すと混練に要する単位水量も増すので強度が低下するようになる。 In general it is improved when increasing the content of the metal fiber strength, while the strength because the unit amount of water also increases required for kneading When the content is increased is lowered. 上記含有量の範囲であれば、硬化体の曲げ強度が向上し、かつペーストの流動性も良い。 Within the above ranges content, bending strength is improved in the cured product, and may be the fluidity of the paste.
機械的強度を高めることができる。 It is possible to increase the mechanical strength.
H 2 CH 2 O) m Rを5〜25モル%、(メタ)アクリルカルボン酸エステル化物CH 2 CRCOORを0〜15モル%の重合比率で水系ラジカル共重合させたものであって以下の一般式によって表されるものが好ましい。 H 2 CH 2 O) m R 5 to 25 mol%, (meth) acrylic acid ester CH 2 CRCOOR be those obtained by aqueous radical copolymerization in the polymerization ratio of 0 to 15 mole percent of the general formula those represented by are preferred.
【0022】この混和剤は減水効果が高く、これを用いることにより圧縮強度および曲げ強度、破壊エネルギーの大きなコンクリート硬化体を得ることができる。  The admixture is highly water-reducing effect, compressive strength and bending strength by using this, it is possible to obtain a large concrete set of fracture energy. この混和剤はセメントに対して0.5〜4重量%(固形分換算)の使用量が適当である。 The admixture amount of 0.5-4% by weight (solid basis) is appropriate for cement. 因みに、通常のナフタリンスルホン酸系混和剤ではこのような機械的強度の向上効果が得られない。 Incidentally, improvement of such mechanical strength can not be obtained by conventional naphthalene sulfonic acid admixtures.
これに対して本発明のコンクリート硬化体の水酸化カルシウム量は大幅に少ない。 Calcium hydroxide of the concrete cured product of the present invention, on the other hand is significantly less.
%以下、好ましくは8%以下に制御している。 % Or less, preferably is controlled to less than 8%.
【0025】本発明においては、シリカヒュームや石英質微粉末が水酸化カルシウムと反応(ポゾラン反応)してC−S−Η(CaO-SiO 2 -H 2 O)を生成する。  In the present invention, silica fume and siliceous fine powder to produce a reaction with calcium hydroxide (pozzolanic reaction) to C-S-Η (CaO- SiO 2 -H 2 O). これはセメント材料の強度発現の基本となる結合であり、水酸化カルシウムが生成した部分がこのC−S−Ηによって置き換わるので空隙の少ない強度の大きな組織が形成される。 It is a bond to the underlying strength of the cement material expression, large organizations less strength of the gap is formed the portion that calcium hydroxide is generated is replaced by the C-S-Η.
【0026】以上のように本発明のコンクリート硬化体は緻密な組織を有し、空隙が殆どなく、電子顕微鏡によってもポーラスな構造は観察されない。  Concrete cured product of the present invention as described above has a dense structure, voids are hardly porous structure is not observed by an electron microscope. 通常のコンクリートでは、砂とマトリックスの間に空隙が観察されるが、本発明の硬化体ではこのような空隙は見られない。 In normal concrete, but the gap between the sand and the matrix are observed, such gaps are not seen in the cured product of the present invention.
石英質微粉末、砂および一部に残るシリカヒュームなどの粒子とセメントマトリックスとの界面は互いに艮く反応しており、これらの界面は通常の観察からでは判別できない。 Siliceous fine powder, the interface has been Ushitoraku react together the particles and the cement matrix such as sand and silica fume remaining part, these interfaces than from normal viewing can not be determined. 強度や空気透過性、水透過性に影響する空隙は0.1μm以上の大きさのものであるが、本発明のセメント硬化体ではこの範囲の空隙は多くとも5%である。 Strength and air permeability, but voids affecting the water permeability is more than the size of 0.1 [mu] m, the hardened cement paste of the present invention the air gap in this range is 5% at most. 因みに、通常のモルタルではこの種の空隙が10%以上であり、これに対して本発明の硬化体は極めて緻密である。 Incidentally, in normal mortar is a gap of this kind is more than 10%, the cured product of the present invention is extremely dense contrast.
60%が一般的であり、特殊な高強度コンクリートでは35%程度である。 60% are common, is a special high-strength concrete is about 35%. 本発明のセメント水比はこれよりも少なく、30%以下、好ましくは25%以下である。 Cement water ratio of the present invention is less than this, 30% or less, preferably 25% or less. 本発明では、材料の粒度を既に述べた範囲に調整しているので、このような低いセメント水比でも高い流動性が得られる。 In the present invention, since the adjustment range already mentioned the particle size of the material, high fluidity can be obtained even with such a low cement water ratio. なお、さらに水比を下げるには、容器あるいは型枠にコンクリートペーストを流し込んだ後、硬化前に加圧して余剰水を滲み出させる。 Note that the further lowering the water ratio, after pouring concrete paste into the container or mold, pressurized to exude excess water before curing. これにより更に組織を緊密化して強度を高めることができる。 Thus it is possible to further increase the compaction to strength tissue.
以上であり、好ましくは、圧縮強度2200kgf/cm 2以上、曲げ強度170kgf/cm 2以上である。 Or more, preferably, compressive strength 2200kgf / cm 2 or more, bending strength 170kgf / cm 2 or more.
【0029】このように、本発明のコンクリート硬化体は、優れた圧縮強度および曲げ強度を有するので、高強度を要求される用途、例えば、構造物の梁部材やスラブ部材などに最適である。  Thus, the concrete cured product of the present invention has a good compression strength and bending strength, applications requiring high strength, for example, is ideal for the beam member and slab member of the structure. 梁部材では本発明のコンクリート硬化体を直接使用しても良いが、この硬化体を鋼管で拘束することにより更に強度を高めることがきる。 In the beam member may be used concrete curing product of the present invention directly, kill is possible to increase further the strength by restraining the cured product in the steel pipe. 具体的には、例えば厚さ1〜5mm程度の梁部材形状の中空鋼管を用意し、この中に本発明のセメント系組成物生コンを注入し、硬化させることによって外周が鋼管で覆われた本発明のコンクリート硬化体が得られる。 This Specifically, for example, preparing a hollow steel tube having a thickness of 1~5mm about beam member shape, injecting a cementitious composition raw Con present invention therein, the outer periphery by curing is covered by steel concrete cured product of the invention is obtained.
【0030】また、本発明のコンクリート硬化体は組織が緻密であり空隙率が通常のコンクリートの数十分の一と少ないため水密性が高く、空気透過性も低い。 Further, the concrete cured product of the present invention is tissue high water-tightness for a small and a few tenths of a dense and porosity of the normal concrete, air permeability is low. 空気透過係数は通常のコンクリートより2桁小さく、水透過性は測定不可能なまで小さい。 Air permeability coefficient 2 digits smaller than the normal concrete, water permeability is low until unmeasurable. また高強度であるため、肉薄に設計でき内容積が大きくなる。 Also because of the high strength, the volume can be designed increases thinner. これらの特徴により廃棄物処埋容器として好適である。 These features are suitable as processing filled waste container. 廃棄物としては、固体の管理型廃棄物や低レベル放射性廃棄物、PCBや六価クロム等を含む有害元素含有液体、汚水処理槽等にも利用できる。 The waste solid managed waste and low-level radioactive waste, toxic elements containing liquid containing PCB and hexavalent chromium, in sewage treatment tank or the like can be used.
【0031】その他の用途としては、水密性、耐摩耗性があるため、液体・粉体輸送用パイプ、または液体貯蔵槽などに適する。  Other applications, watertight, because of the abrasion resistance, suitable for use in an liquid-powder delivery pipe or fluid storage tank. また高強度であるので、これまでのコンクリート容器に比べ肉薄にできるため、埋設型枠などの用途にも好適である。 Also because it is a high strength, because it thinner than the concrete container far is also suitable for applications such as buried formwork. さらに壁材として用いた場合には、ステンレス繊維が混入しているため、電磁波遮蔽壁としても利用可能である。 When the addition is used as the wall material, since the stainless steel fiber is mixed, it is also available as an electromagnetic wave shielding wall. また、耐摩耗性を生かした用途としては、易成形性であることから各種耐摩耗治具などに適用できる。 As the applications utilizing the abrasion resistance, it can be applied to various abrasion jig because it is easy moldability. さらに、この他に、プラスチック成形用ロール、水質浄化用有孔パネル部材、機械装置用台座、橋梁部材、床材などの材料として好適である。 Furthermore, In addition, it is preferable plastic forming roll, perforated panel member for water purification, mechanical apparatus base, bridges member, as a material, such as flooring. なお、本発明の硬化体の成型品を得る方法としては、プレキャストの他に、押し出し成形、鋳込み成形、射出成形等の成形手段を利用することができる。 As a method of obtaining a molded article of a cured product of the present invention, in addition to the pre-cast, extruded, cast molding, it is possible to use molding means such as injection molding.
空隙率および90℃蒸気養生24時間の圧縮強度と曲げ強度を表2に併せて示した。 The compressive strength and flexural strength of the porosity and 90 ° C. steam curing for 24 hours are also shown in Table 2. 表2に示すように、本発明に係る硬化体は何れも空隙率が小さく緻密な組織構造を有し、また水酸化カルシウム量が少ない。 As shown in Table 2, the cured body of the present invention are all have porosity of less dense tissue structures, also the amount of calcium hydroxide is small. この結果、比較試料に比べて圧縮強度と曲げ強度が大幅に高い。 As a result, much higher flexural strength and compression strength compared to the comparative sample. 一方、比較試料は空隙率および水酸化カルシウム量が大きく、従って圧縮強度および曲げ強度が低い。 On the other hand, the comparative sample has a large porosity and calcium hydroxide volume, hence a low compressive strength and flexural strength.
(小笠産、平均粒径1mm)100重量部およびステンレス繊維(φ0.3mm、長さ15mm)16重量部に、ポリカルボン酸系混和剤(秩父小野田社製)をセメント比1.5%(固形分換算)添加し、これを水/セメント比0.2で混練してコンクリート硬化体を得た。 (Ogasa produced, the average particle diameter of 1 mm) 100 parts by weight of stainless steel fibers (0.3 mm, length 15 mm) 16 parts by weight, polycarboxylic acid-based admixtures (Chichibu Onoda Cement Co., Ltd.) cement ratio of 1.5% (solids min equivalent) was added, which was then kneaded with water / cement ratio of 0.2 to obtain a concrete cured body. この硬化体について、80℃ This cured product, 80 ° C.
に併せて示した(試料No.32)。 Shown in conjunction with the (sample No.32). 表3に示すように、比較試料に対して本実施例の試料は減水効果が高く、圧縮強度と共に曲げ強度、破壊エネルギーが格段に大きく、高強度かつ高靱性であることが確認された。 As shown in Table 3, samples of the present embodiment compared with the comparative sample has a high water-reducing effect, bending strength with compressive strength is much greater fracture energy, it is high strength and high toughness was confirmed.
B、Cの圧縮強度、曲げ強度、破壊エネルギーを表4に示した。 B, compressive strength and C, bending strength, fracture energy are shown in Table 4. 表4に示すように、本発明に係る試験体Aは比較試験体Cに比べて、圧縮強度および曲げ強度が何れも格段に大きく、従って破壊エネルギーも大きい。 As shown in Table 4, the test body A according to the present invention as compared with the comparative test body C, compressive strength and flexural strength are both remarkably large, hence also breaking energy greater. さらに鋼管で拘束した試験体Bは圧縮強度および曲げ強度が大幅に向上しており、破壊エネルギーが約1.5倍に増加している。 Further test specimens B were restrained in steel is compressive strength and flexural strength is significantly improved, fracture energy is increased by about 1.5 times.
0.65,S/C=2)の破断面の顕微鏡写真を図2に示した。 0.65, showed a microscopic photograph of a fracture surface of the S / C = 2) in FIG. 図示するように、本発明に係る硬化体は、生成した珪酸カルシウム水和物の結晶相が大きく、しかもその間の空隙が殆ど無く、緻密な充填構造を有している。 As shown, the cured body of the present invention is greater crystalline phase of the resulting calcium silicate hydrate, yet almost no intervening air gap, has a dense filling structure. 一方、従来のモルタルは、珪酸カルシウム水和物が小さく、しかも空隙が随所に見られる。 On the other hand, the conventional mortar, small calcium silicate hydrate, moreover voids appearing in various places.
高靱性であり、かつ気密性が高い硬化体であるので、梁やスラブ部材などの構造材の他に廃棄物処理容器や輸送用容器、あるいは遮蔽材、耐摩耗性材料などに広く利用することができる。 A high toughness, and because airtightness is high cured product, in addition to waste disposal container or shipping container of structural materials such as beams and slabs member or shielding materials, can be widely used in such wear-resistant material can.
mであることを特徴とするセメント系組成物。 Cementitious compositions, which is a m.
【請求項2】 ポゾラン質微粉末がシリカフュームまたはフライアッシュである請求項1に記載のセメント系組成物。 2. A cementitious composition according to claim 1 pozzolanic substance fine powder is silica fume or fly ash.
重量部、砂が50〜400重量部、金属繊維量が凝結後のコンクリート体積の1〜5%である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のセメント系組成物。 Parts by weight, sand 50 to 400 parts by weight, cementitious composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 weight metal fiber is 1-5% of the concrete volume after setting.
〜4のいずれかに記載のセメント系組成物。 Cementitious composition according to any one of to 4.
【請求項6】 (メタ)アクリル酸塩、メタリルスルホン酸塩、アリルエーテル、(メタ)アクリル酸ポリアルキレングリコールエステル、および(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステルを水系ラジカル共重合して得た水溶性ビニル共重合体からなる混和剤を有する請求項5に記載のセメント系組成物。 6. (meth) acrylate, methallyl sulfonate, allyl ether, (meth) acrylic acid polyalkylene glycol ester, and (meth) water-soluble to give the acrylic acid alkyl ester polymerization aqueous radical copolymerization cementitious composition according to claim 5 having a admixture comprising a vinyl copolymer.
【請求項7】 請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のセメント系組成物を硬化してなり、水酸化カルシウムの含有量が単位セメント当たり10%以下であることを特徴とするセメント系硬化体。 7. become by curing the cementitious composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, cement hardened body, wherein the amount of calcium hydroxide is 10% or less per unit cement .
【請求項8】空隙率が5%以下である請求項7に記載のセメント系硬化体。 8. Cement cured product of claim 7 porosity of 5% or less.
【請求項9】 圧縮強度1500kgf/cm 2以上、曲げ強度150kgf/cm 2以上である請求項7または8に記載のセメント系硬化体。 9. compressive strength 1500 kgf / cm 2 or more, bending strength 150 kgf / cm 2 or more in cement cured body according to claim 7 or 8.
【請求項10】梁、スラブ部材、廃棄物処理容器、電磁波遮蔽材、埋設型枠、プラスチック成形用ロール、水質浄化用有孔パネル部材、機械装置用台座、橋梁部材、床材に用いられる請求項7、8または9に記載のセメント系硬化体。 10. A beam, slab member, waste disposal container, an electromagnetic wave shielding material, buried mold, plastic molding roll, perforated panel member for water purification, mechanical apparatus base, bridge member, used in flooring according cement cured product according to claim 7, 8 or 9.


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text:
Legal loopholes helping Taiwanese who commit fraud overseas closed
November 15, 2016 taiwanwireservice.com General, Information & Technology
Taiwanese nationals who commit aggravated fraud overseas will now be subject to punishment at home after the Legislative Yuan passed an amendment to the Criminal Code on Tuesday.
The amendment to Article 5 of the Criminal Code added "aggravated fraud" to the list of offenses committed "outside the territories of the Republic of China" to which the Criminal Code will apply, making it easier to prosecute the suspects at home.
The revision will take effect when it is promulgated by the president, a formality that usually takes about two weeks.
Under existing law, aggravated fraud is not among the offenses listed under Article 5, making it nearly impossible for prosecutors to go after alleged fraudsters after they return to Taiwan.
In some cases, offenses committed overseas but not listed in Article 5 may still be covered by the Criminal Code, but they have to be punishable by at least three years in jail in Taiwan.
Because people guilty of fraud in Taiwan face jail sentences of between one and seven years and fines of up to NT$1 million (US$31,340), many cases do not meet the three-year threshold.
These legal loopholes have often forced prosecutors in Taiwan to drop their cases against nationals suspected of committing fraud overseas.
Opposition Kuomintang (KMT) lawmaker Hsu Shu-hua (???), who proposed the amendment, said the spate of recent cross-border telecom fraud cases involving Taiwanese nationals called attention to Taiwan's lenient treatment of its nationals committing fraud overseas and the possibility that it encouraged more criminal activity.
These cross-border fraud cases have tarnished the image of Taiwan's judicial system and given the impression that "Taiwan is unwilling to harshly crack down on fraud and condones the perpetrators," or that "Taiwan is a haven for fraudsters," she said.
Hsu supported the idea that Taiwan's judicial authorities have jurisdiction over Taiwanese who commit fraud overseas, which she said will live up to the expectations of the pubic and upgrade the image of Taiwan's judicial system.
Dozens of Taiwanese nationals have been arrested in such countries as Kenya, Malaysia and Indonesia in the past year as part of fraud rings who were scamming victims in China.
China then pushed, in most cases successfully, to have Taiwanese nationals sent to China for prosecution rather than home to Taiwan, arguing that it had jurisdiction over the cases because the victims were in China and that Taiwan would not punish the suspects.
Source: Focus Taiwan News Channel
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: castear un entero de un tamaNo diferente Creee tres funciones basicas suma resta multiplicacion que devuelven punterios genericos:
static void* fn_suma(int, int);
static void* fn_resta(int, int);
static void* fn_multiplicacion(int, int);

con su implementacion; luego trato de que una funcion puntero pueda acceder a ello y me aparece
cast to pointer from integer of different size

de esta forma:
int (* p_fnc)(int, int) = fn_suma;
void* pfnc_x = NULL;
pfnc_x = (int *)p_fnc(8, 18);
printf("[%d]\n", *(int *)pfnc_x);

y no he encontrado material que me ayude a ver en donde me he equivocado.
Chicos. Todavia intento solucionarlo revisando material si encuentro alternativa les aviso.
Quisieran que me hechen una mano. Gracias


A slightly later start this morning. We're given an extra hour in bed before we head out on an educational San Bushman Walk with local guides. We learn about traditional hunting methods and see bird and animal traps, rope making and fire making, to discover how the San people adapt and survive in this unforgiving wilderness environment. It's obviously of great interest to our guests as they're later back than scheduled for brunch. And at brunch many enjoy a Bushman's Omelette which is basically the whole selection of cooked breakfast wrapped up in an omelette on one plate. No risk of going hungry for sure. After a siesta during which Richard contacts Windhoek Airport to prebook seating for our flights tomorrow, we're back on the Okonjima game viewing vehicles for an exciting afternoon hearing about the work of AfriCat. We visit the AfriCat clinic and offices, and a nearby enclosure to see more cheetahs close up. And we're not disappointed. Late afternoon we head for a remote spot for a final sundowner. Bubbly is served. The bottle corks fly into the air and when we tidy up we try to retrieve them. One is missing so we all form a line and as the light begins to fade we do our best to recover the last cork. Was it found? Who knows?


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text:
HISTORY OF HAVERING ASSOCIATION FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES (H.A.D.)
H.A.D. formerly known as Havering Association for the Handicapped (HAH) was formed in May 1969. HAH was established to meet the needs of People with Disabilities and Carers by providing information, facilities and direct services and to work in partnership with individuals and organisations that share the same aims.
In the early 1980s, Mr Whittaker was elected Chairman and with the support of the committee, decided that the Association needed to have its own accommodation and funding.
HAH approached Havering Borough Council for the accommodation and the Greater London Council (GLC) for the money. It took about three years for the proposal to come into fruition. The GLC agreed to fund the money to set up the office and the local authority, via the Community Programme, to supply the office. The building has an exciting history starting life at RAF Hornchurch as a dispersal hut which was then relocated in Billet Lane as offices for the Hornchurch Urban District Council and then moved to its present site in Woodhall Crescent by the Community Programme people (a government scheme using unemployed people).
The furnishing of the hall and running costs was undertaken from money granted by the G.L.C. After the G.L.C. was disbanded the funding was taken over by the London Residual Body then the local authority. The completion of the Hall took place in April 1986.
At a Special General Meeting in June 1996, the name of the Association was changed to HAVERING ASSOCIATION FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES.
In April 2001 Havering Association for People with Disabilities became a Company limited by guarantee.
A variety of programmes and services have been developed over the years according to need and to provide a wide range of activities for People with Disabilities and Carers. The organisation participates in many local events such as Carers Week and Carers Rights Day and information days.
H.A.D. continues to flourish and adapt to meet the needs of local people living in the community.
The Hut Extension Works
We are also extremely proud of the history of our building, during WW2, it was used as a dispersal hut at RAF Hornchurch, and would have been siutated near the runways. Crews would have waited inside for the call to man the planes, maybe playing cards, chatting and each other. We celebrated our hut & our clients Local History stories during May 2017 thanks to support to a grant from the Lottery Heritage.
H.A.D. Newsletter
Tweets by @HAD_Havering
Giaro Health Management


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text:
Moons of Uranus
Uranus, the seventh planet of the Solar System, has 27 known moons, all of which are named after characters from the works of William Shakespeare and Alexander Pope. Uranus's moons are divided into three groups: thirteen inner moons, five major moons, and nine irregular moons. The inner moons are small dark bodies that share common properties and origins with the Uranus's rings. The five major moons are massive enough to have reached hydrostatic equilibrium, and four of them show signs of internally driven processes such as canyon formation and volcanism on their surfaces. The largest of these five, Titania, is 1,578 km in diameter and the eighth-largest moon in the Solar System, and about one-twentieth the mass of the Moon. The orbits of the regular moons are nearly coplanar with Uranus's equator, which is tilted 97.77° to its orbit. Uranus's irregular moons have elliptical and strongly inclined (mostly retrograde) orbits at large distances from the planet.
William Herschel discovered the first two moons, Titania and Oberon, in 1787, and the other three ellipsoidal moons were discovered in 1851 by William Lassell (Ariel and Umbriel) and in 1948 by Gerard Kuiper (Miranda). These five have planetary mass, and so would be considered (dwarf) planets if they were in direct orbit about the Sun. The remaining moons were discovered after 1985, either during the Voyager 2 flyby mission or with the aid of advanced Earth-based telescopes.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia -	https://wn.com/Moons_of_Uranus
Latest News for: uranian moons
Observe planet Uranus at its best in the autumn sky
Astronomy/Spaceflight Now 27 Oct 2019
A Uranian day is also 17¼ hours long ... Ade Ashford.The large outer Uranian moons Titania (magnitude +13.7, orbital period 8.7 days) and Oberon (magnitude +13.9, orbital period 13.5 days) may be glimpsed in 20-cm (8-inch) and larger telescopes when at greatest elongation from their parent planet....
Here's what we had to say about Voyager 1 when it launched 41 years ago
Popular Science 05 Sep 2018
Before they leave our solar system behind, these Voyagers will have trained their eyes and ears on enough planets and moons to force astronomers to rewrite their texts ... Two video color cameras, one wide-angle and one narrow, will transmit high-resolution images of moons, planets, and perhaps even chunks of Saturnian or Uranian rings....
Opposition of Uranus: Icy Planet Will Be Visible to the Naked Eye Tonight—Here's How to See It
Newsweek 19 Oct 2017
It's a very good time to look at the sky, thanks to a new moon tonight that's keeping the sky dark ... Uranus comes into opposition about every year (that's every Earth year, not every Uranian year, which is about 84 times longer)....
Some of Uranus's small moons are doomed to collide
New Scientist 05 Sep 2017
The first measurement of the mass of a small Uranian moon suggests it will be obliterated after smashing into one of its neighbours in the next million years ... ....


I wrote last week's column about something trivial � when he heard about it, Jim's first reaction was, "How can anyone write this much about buying a toaster?" � so I could write this week's column about something serious: how people can affect technology.
I'm not talking about a specific technology, such as computers or CAT scanners or cell phones. No, my friend, I'm talking about Technology with a capital "T" and that rhymes with "P" and � with apologies to "The Music Man" and Meredith Willson � that stands for Problems, not pool (which, except for replacing the balls' elephant ivory with John Wesley Hyatt's industrial plastic in 1870, remains largely untouched by technological innovation).
Consider the toaster. Invented 80-some years ago, it simply browns bread on both sides at once. But because people up until the late-1920s still cut bread to whatever thickness they desired, the standard toaster owes much of its success to Otto Rohwedder's concurrent invention: sliced bread. When bakeries began producing presliced, pre-packaged bread � the first to do so was in my mother's and wife's hometown, Chillicothe, Mo. � consumers no longer needed to worry about choosing a toaster with wide or narrow, long or short slots. One size fit all needs.
Since then, of course, there have been revolutionary changes in materials, food and manufacturing technology. Beyond bread, toasters may have to cook bagels, English muffins and Pop-Tarts (invented by Post in 1964, but popularized by Kellogg's). A toaster's heating element and wire racks, fully exposed in the early models, now are enclosed in steel, aluminum or plastic housings with an array of textures and colors. And the controls, once limited to springs, a mechanical lever and a single dial or knob, now may include digital buttons or even LED touchscreens.
A host of choices, in almost every product, confronts anyone buying modern Technology.
Not everyone welcomes that added complexity in our lives. I, personally, don't like having to make one "best" choice from a large selection of similar devices (31, count 'em, 31 different toasters!). That's why I turn to trusted sources of information such as Consumer Reports. It also explains the popularity of on-line product-rating sites, especially ones where customers relate their own experiences with consumer items.
Many people don't like the changes that technology forces into their lives.
In August, The Gallup Poll questioned Americans about the high-tech gadgets they use and their overall reaction to technology. More than anything else, age divided their opinions.
"Virtually all those in the 18 to 49 age group are excited or comfortable when first using a new-tech gizmo," The Gallup Poll said. But among people ages 50 and over, 43 percent said they were "nervous" and 9 percent admitted being "panicked" when confronted with new technology.
Reading the Gallup survey reminded me of a recent conversation with one of my older (in her 60s) friends, whose children bought her and her husband a computer. She hasn't used it. She feels bad about not using it, considering the children's investment and hopeful expectations. But she's worried about breaking it, about its being too complicated to learn "at my age" and about the time it might take from other pleasures in her life, such as reading a good mystery novel.
My friend is not alone with her worries. Nearly half of the people in the Gallup survey � and more than three-fourths of those 50 and older � said they have problems "some of the time" when figuring out how to use new high-tech gadgets; 14 percent, or one out of seven, said "most of the time;" and 6 percent said new technology always confounds them.
Growing older does not automatically make anyone an AARP member, neither does it convert them into born-again Luddites. (From 1811 to 1813 in England, former cottage workers caused widespread destruction of the technology � textile machines in wool and cotton mills � that took away their jobs. Police, armed soldiers, hanging 17 rioters for sabotage and transporting hundreds to Australia finally ended the movement, but "Luddite" remains in the language as a synonym for people who hate technology.) The Gallup Poll found that older people are about as likely as younger ones to own and use cell phones, DVD players, cable or satellite television services and digital cameras. To me, the findings suggest that people of any age will adopt � and even welcome � new technology when it presents an obvious improvement or better value compared to the old one.
Now, people may disagree about what constitutes a "functional improvement." The late designer and professor Victor Papanek spoke and wrote eloquently about the topic � his "Design for the Real World," published in 1971, is one of the few textbooks I still have from college � and sharply criticized over-designed manufactured products with maladapted or essentially useless features. "You wouldn't hang an electric motor on a bathtub just because you could, would you?" he asked rhetorically.
Actually, Roy Jacuzzi did just that. By hooking an electric pump to a bathtub, he invented the first fully integrated whirlpool bath in 1968 and, two years later � in effect, by throwing a toaster into the tub �he created the first heated outdoor spa. Millions of hot tub enthuasists can be glad Jacuzzi never heard Papanek's lectures.
Philosophically, though, I still believe Papanek jumped on the right track. Thirty-five years ago, he spoke to the leading edge of the Baby Boom generation. This year, the first Baby Boomers turned 60 and more than half of us are now 50.
We're the largest generation in history. And when we say we want well-designed, easy-to-operate, cleanly functional Technology that doesn't add Problems in our lives, the manufacturers had better march to our tune ... in the future.


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Turning the tables on those pesky Nigerian scammers
February 21, 2003 / Dave Taylor / Strategic News / 4 Comments
If you haven't yet received at least one invitation from someone in Nigeria seeking help extracting millions in ill-gotten gains from the government before some calamity befell their father, uncle, cousin, whatever, then you're perhaps one of the few lucky ones on the Net. I receive at least a half-dozen a week, all typically starting out similarly:
"I am Mrs. Amina Mohammed, cousin and Personal Assistant to former Nigeria Head of State, Late General Sanni Abacha who died on the 8th July 1998 while in power…"
Various people have explored the scam here, but the best I've found yet is the Fraud: Mike Aba [link subsequently removed: obsolete] which is a bit convoluted and twisted, but certainly interesting reading!
In the latest news, a Nigerian Diplomat shot dead in Prague is linked to a possible successful Nigerian swindle, as you can see from reading the report.
It's interesting because it's one of the first times I'm aware that the cost to the scammer might be greater than simply losing an Internet connection and email address… I don't want to support a violent response of this nature, but if more people scammed were to aggressively respond, then scammers might be a bit more reticent about broadcasting this idiocy to the world at large.
A Typical Nigerian Scam Message
Greetings !!
I come to you with a sincere heart believing in Almighty Allah that you will consider my plight and come to
help and also benefit from me.
I am Mrs. Amina Mohammed, cousin and Personal Assistant to former Nigeria Head of State, Late General Sanni Abacha who died on the 8th July 1998 while in power. Before I proceed please accept my apology for the
embarrassment this mail might cause you for coming from a total stranger who you do not know. Actually I got your contact from the Internet; please do not feel bad about it because I am compelled to reach you due to
urgent need to safeguard the money in question. Once again, forgive me and come to my aid. Please read the following
carefully.
Sometime in early 1997, my boss late Gen. Sanni Abacha entrusted to me the sum of US$20.5M in cash (Twenty million, five hundred thousand US dollars)due to the trust and confidence he had in me. This money was meant for campaign in his self-succession id but unfortunately he suddenly died before actualization of his aspiration. This amount of $20.5M in CASH was deposited with a security company which I will disclose in subsequent mail in a giant trunk box as diplomatic consignments In agreement with Mr.Mohammed Abacha who is the son of late General Abacha and the heir to the money. I write to solicit your assistance for the money to be transferred to your custody. Note that Mr.Mohammed
Abacha is currently in detention by the present Nigeria Government for reasons linked to activities of his father when
he was in power. Now based on the business trust I have on you, I would want you to come forward and receive this consignment containing the money in cash on our behalf from the security company for subsequent disbursement between you and us. Understand that we are soliciting your assistance because the present Nigerian Government
is seizing/freezing any Bank Account or valuables belonging to the late Head of state's family and relatives. In fact we do not have enough money now to sustain our family so, I will appreciate if you can consider our plight and assist us. For your assistance, we have agreed to compensate you with 20% of the total amount ($20.5) while the remaining 80% is for us. We hope to invest part of our share in your country on viable area of investment as you may advise us.
If you are interested you will need to visit the Security Company for clearance of the consignment. I assure you that the transaction is 100% risk free. Please I implore you to keep this transaction absolutely secret against negative exposure. I would want you to contact me immediately so that we can proceed with the business. You should please on reply
enclose your private telephone, fax number so that we can have more confidential correspondence.
Mrs.Amina Mohammed.
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4 comments on "Turning the tables on those pesky Nigerian scammers"
dear sir/modom
im an iranian youngestar.as you have told above I got 3 letters from a person(mrs Amina Mohammed)
although i answered them and she again mailed me her photo and some other mails from her lawyer.
anyway i cant get a handle on this matter would you mail me and inform me who sends this kind of mails?and why?is it profitable for them.thank you in advance.im looking forward to hear from you soon.
faithfully yours
single says:
Thats a big epidemic right now! We have a new Dating Site online since a view month and we have a hug database of scammer-pictures and emails allready.
90% of woman-suscriptions are fakers and scammers, unbelievable!
Since the goverment of Nigeria is fighting against this criminals, these guys use to operate from Senegal and Ivory Coast…
farilady says:
I have received the same letter from Mrs. Amina Mohammad and her lawyer. But they have not asked me for any money. Matter of fact they are saying that they are going to send me money to pay for the transport of the 20.5 mil. So, where is the money scam. How are they scamming me for money.
(i just recieved this letter from Mrs,Amina Mohammad. i thought to report this.) ASALAM ALAIKUM MY BROTHER IN ISLAM
Dear Frined
I come to you with a sincere heart believing in Almighty Allah that you will
consider my plight and come to help and also benefit from me.
I am Mrs. Amina Mohammed, cousin and Personal Assistant to former Nigeria
Head of State, Late General Sanni Abacha who died on the 8th July 1998 while
in power. Before I proceed please accept my apology for the embarrassment
this mail might cause you for coming from a total stranger who you do not
know. Actually I got your contact from the Internet; please do not feel bad
about it because I am compelled to reach you due to urgent need to safeguard
the money in question. Once again, forgive me and come to my aid. Please
read the following carefully.
Sometime in early 1997, my boss late Gen. Sanni Abacha entrusted to me the
sum of US$20.5M in cash (Twenty million, five hundred thousand US
dollars)due to the trust and confidence he had in me. This money was meant
for campaign in his self-succession id but unfortunately he suddenly died
before actualization of his aspiration. This amount of $20.5M in CASH was
deposited with a security company which I will disclose in subsequent mail
in a giant trunk box as diplomatic consignments In agreement with
Mr.Mohammed Abacha who is the son of late General Abacha and the heir to the
money. I write to solicit your assistance for the money to be transferred to
your custody. Note that Mr.Mohammed Abacha is currently in detention by the
present Nigeria Government for reasons linked to activities of his father
when he was in power. Now based on the business trust I have on you, I would
want you to come forward and receive this consignment containing the money
in cash on our behalf from the security company for subsequent disbursement
between you and us. Understand that we are soliciting your assistance
because the present Nigerian Government is seizing/freezing any Bank Account
or valuables belonging to the late Head of state's family and relatives. In
fact we do not have enough money now to sustain our family so, I will
appreciate if you can consider our plight and assist us. For your
assistance, we have agreed to compensate you with 20% of the total amount
($20.5) while the remaining 80% is for us. We hope to invest part of our
share in your country on viable area of investment as you may advise us.
If you are interested you will need to visit the Security Company for
clearance of the consignment. I assure you that the transaction is 100% risk
free. Please I implore you to keep this transaction absolutely secret
against negative exposure. I would want you to contact me immediately so
that we can proceed with the business. You should please on reply enclose
your private telephone, fax number so that we can have more confidential
Mrs.Amina Mohammed
mrsamina23ng@yahoo.com
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Courtesy Wikipedia (user: bectrigger)
Billionaire Republican Donor Sheldon Adelson Dies in Malibu at 87
By Genevieve Finn / Staff Writer
Genevieve Finn
Sheldon Adelson, the casino and resort magnate known for donating massive amounts of money to Israel and toward right-wing causes, died Monday, Jan. 11, in Malibu due to complications from non-Hodgkins' lymphoma.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a type of blood cancer; Adelson had been receiving treatment for it since early 2019, according to the Associated Press.
According to real estate site Dirt, Adelson owned multiple properties in the Malibu Colony.
Adlson was CEO of the company Las Vegas Sands. Underneath its umbrella lies "the world's largest empire of casinos and resort hotels," the New York Times wrote, with locations from Las Vegas to Macau to Singapore.
Adelson grew up "a street urchin" in Depression-era Boston, according to the NYT. But by the end of his life, he had become the world's eighth- or ninth-wealthiest person, according to Forbes and Bloomberg estimates.
His vast wealth afforded him weighty political influence. He was the largest single donor in the 2012 elections and was the Trump campaign's largest single donor in 2016, according to the NYT. He was also "a staunch Zionist" and donated to many philanthropies in Israel.
He is survived by his wife, children, two stepdaughters and 11 grandchildren.
Malibu Colony
Non-hodgkin's Lymphoma
Follow Genevieve Finn


ISF rear twin piston brembos with rotors, pads OK, rotors can't remember how much of a lip or the measurements, was going to fit them but have changed my mind, not sure if they are good for Supras or anything? Offers.
ISF front and rear hubs and knuckles, bearings unknown condition, front hubs are missing bolts as I've used them elsewhere.
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