Student Diskette: "New Boot A Ver. 2+"
The testing of the RAID.
In this module the student will become familiar with the concepts of RAIDs including how to prepare and choose physical hard drives for use in a RAID, the differences between hardware and software level RAIDs, the planning of RAID volumes and the implementation of these volumes on the system. The student will simulate various system drive failures and learn how to access the compromised data and return the system to full functionality.
Windows 2000 Server's Disk Management will now be used to create software level RAIDs. Remove the case from the PC and be sure that the drives are properly jumpered. Attach the two additional hard drives to the secondary ATA controller with the additional cable provided. Install the internal rack mounted drive into the rack bay and turn the key to the "On" position. Leave the two additional drives resting on top of each other on top of the drive bay area of the case frame.
The definition is also listed erroneously as Redundant Array of Independent Disks but this appears to be various authors attempting to redefine the original meaning. True, SCSI hard drives are not inexpensive, but a RAID allows a group of small drives to appear like one huge drive which would be expensive. So if one were to purchase a single 300GB drive these days (March, 2004) it would cost about $1500. But a 36GB SCSI drive can be found for as little as $125. Setting up a RAID of 8 of these to appear as a single 288GB drive will cost $1000. Therefore the savings paid for the controller (which is more powerful than a comparable ATA controller) cables and terminators and still has change left over. So the name was never intended to mean that the SCSI drives are inexpensive because they are not, it reflects that a RAID can create a virtual drive that would physically be far more expensive if not so big that that have not even been made available to the market yet. There are already RAIDs that appear as drives larger than a TB which are not even generally available yet.
RAID technologies are strategies for logically relating the physical disks to each other. This relationship can be done either through hardware in which the controller card and its onboard BIOS are configured to relate the drives to each other, or through software at the operating system/device driver level. Hardware level RAID controllers make the RAID appear to the operating system as a single, simple "INT13h" device. This means that at the very lowest level of access the operating system and utilities will always be fooled into "seeing" the RAID disk group as if it were one big single hard drive. Hardware RAID cards are highly reliable because their program code that controls the access to the RAID and translates read/writes from single simple disk into accesses across the RAID disk group is stored on a ROM BIOS chip and it therefore cannot be corrupted. And this code is executed by the onboard controller circuitry and not the CPU of the PC. Even if the OS crashes the CPU and the regular RAM address space of the system this will not affect the controller so the last disk access will be handled properly. Windows may corrupt its own files on the disk but the controller will not corrupt the RAID storage of the data.
Software level RAIDs are far less reliable because the program code controlling the translation of disk read/writes out to the RAID disk group does reside in regular RAM and is running under the operating system. As such it can get corrupted and it will crash when the system does. Therefore this can corrupt the RAID storage distribution of a file across the group.
However, a software level RAID is still far better than no RAID at all and it is highly recommended on budget Windows 2000 Servers since the feature is already built into the OS which is already paid for anyway: in other words its free, so why not? And with the dramatically reduced prices of ATA drives as they are begin phased out, even a mirror of the 40GB drive holding the C: partition would cost less than $100 and be worth its weight in gold, the day that original C: drive fails.
One of the disadvantages of hardware RAID cards aside from their high price, is that often they cannot RAID drives of different types or even capacities. Newer controllers seem to be more powerful and can handle a mismatch of physical drives but this should be investigated prior to purchasing a $1000+ SCSI RAID controller. Software level RAIDs can usually configure any group of hard drives into RAIDs because the operating system has the drivers for accessing each drive and it does recognize them individually and it is the software that is managing the RAID.
RAID0 Striping Two or more HDDs; a file is split and written to or read from them simultaneously.
RAID1 Mirroring A second drive maintains a mirror image of the original.
RAID1 Duplexing Mirroring but each drive has its own separate controller.
RAID2 Bit level ECC Files are split bit by bit, a bit goes to Drive#1, the next to Drive#2, an ECC bit goes to Drive#3. If any drive fails, the file can be reconstructed from the ECC data. Obsolete; all modern hard drives perform internal ECC.
RAID3 Striping w/Parity Same as RAID2 but done byte by byte. Obsolete, slower than RAID4 and RAID5.
RAID4 Block Striping w/Parity Same as RAID3 but done with larger blocks of data (sectors or groups of sectors; i.e. clusters). Obsolete; RAID5 has superior performance during failure.
RAID5 Blocked Striping w/Distributed Parity Same as RAID4 but each drive holds an equal amount of the first parts of files, the second parts of files and the parity blocks (ECC) of files.
RAID6 Blocked Striping w/Double Distributed Parity Same as RAID5 but keeps two ECC parity blocks spread to two more drives instead of one.
However, each type of RAID can best be understood if diagrammed.
Key: = The actual data file.
In the case of striping (w/o parity) the file is split and simultaneously written to each member of the RAID0 disk array.
This is the only form of RAID that has no fault tolerance capability. A file is split in half and half is written to Drive#1 and the other half is written to Drive#2 simultaneously (in the case of striping across two drives; in a three drive stripe set the file is split into thirds, each piece is written simultaneously across the three drives, etc). This makes striping a faster read/write storage technology but if any drive in the array (it has a minimum of two drives and a maximum based on the RAID controller) fails then all data is lost.
In the case of mirroring or duplexing the file is simultaneously written in its entire original form to each member of the RAID1 disk array.
In RAID1, mirroring, the file (and all other file system structures) is duplicated onto the second drive. If any thing happens to either drive the system can be booted and continue operating off of the other one. This type of RAID, and all of the subsequent ones listed below is therefore fault tolerant. Mirroring causes no major performance sacrifices but is not the best in cost effectiveness since only 50% of the total storage capacity can be used. The other half of the storage capacity on the system is reserved for the mirror. In duplexing each drive is attached to an independent controller. In this case even a controller failure will not bring down the system.
Key: = The actual data file. = the parity information.
This form of RAID was developed to defeat random single bit flaws that would on rare occasion occur with early IDE and SCSI hard drives. In RAID2, the file is split bit by bit. The first bit is cached in a buffer for Drive#1, the second bit goes to a buffer intended for Drive#2 and a parity bit calculated from those preceding two bits is cached to go to Drive#3. When 512 bytes (at least) have accumulated in the buffers they are written out to the drives. If any single bit read/write error occurs the system can correct it with the parity calculation and continue to function without interruption. In any one of the drives fails all files can be corrected on-the-fly from the parity calculations. If the parity Drive (#3) is the one that fails, operations continue at full speed. if either of the other drives fails, operations will slow down dramatically because each disk access must undergo a parity calculation in order to actually read the file. RAID2 was rendered effectively deprecated once drives began performing bit level ECC onboard and therefore became capable of surviving single random bit errors on their own and at a much faster speed than the RAID2. RAID2 bogs down in performance because of the necessity of splitting the bytes bit by bit and then performing a parity bit calculation for every two bits. This ends up being 4 parity calculations per byte. Subsequent RAIDs take advantage of the full width of the processor's registers and can perform the same level of ECC with far fewer calculations.
RAID3, Striping with Parity, is exactly the same as RAID2 except that instead of spliting the file bit by bit, the file is split byte by byte. The first byte goes to the cache for Drive#1, the next byte into the cache of Drive#2, and a parity byte is calculated from the previous two bytes and is placed in the cache for Drive#3. When the caches reach at least 512 bytes, they are written out to the disks. RAID3 only requires one parity calculation per two bytes and is therefore 8 times more efficient than RAID2 concerning parity calculations. Performance is therefore better under all conditions although it still suffers if either Drive#1 or Drive#2 fails. It should be noted that it appears that Adaptec is defining RAID3 very much like the definition of RAID4 below).
RAID4 functions exactly like RAIDs 2 and 3 except that it splits the file into blocks instead of bits or bytes. A RAID4 might take the file and split it into a block of 512 bytes which it places into the cache for Drive#1, the next block of 512 bytes is placed into the cache for Drive#2, and a 512 byte block of parity values is calculated from the other two blocks and placed into the cache of Drive#3, these are then written out to the disks. Block striping with parity is even faster than RAID2 or RAID3 since it can take full advantage of 32-bit program code and CPU registers. It still suffers during the failure of Drive#1 or Drive#2.
In the case of block striping w/distributed parity the file is split into blocks. The first data block will end up on one of the drives, the second data block will end up on another, and a parity block calculated from these two data blocks will be stored on the remaining one.
In RAID5, the distribution of parity blocks is evened out over time. The first file gets data blocks placed on Drive#1 and Drive#2 and parity blocks on Drive#3. The next file gets data blocks stored on Drive#2 and Drive#3 and parity blocks stored on Drive#1, the third file gets data blocks stored on Drive#1 and Drive#3 and parity blocks stored on Drive#2. This process continues in this fashion so that at any moment each drive only holds 1/3 of all parity information and 2/3 real file data blocks. When a drive fails like the preceding RAIDs the system can continue to function but performance does not suffer nearly as much and performance degradation is equal regardless of which drive fails. RAID5 is the current RAID storage standard for cost effectiveness, performance and fault tolerance capabilities.
Key: = The actual data file. = the "P" parity block. = the "Q" parity block.
In the case of block striping w/double distributed parity the file is split into at least three blocks. The first data block will end up on one of the drives, the second data block will end up on another, the third on yet another and two different parity blocks called the "P" and "Q" parity blocks are calculated from these three data blocks will be stored on the remaining two drives.
RAID6 is a recent form of RAID defined in the "highest authority" of SCSI technology; the book called "The Book of SCSI". In RAID6 the minimum number of drives is 4. In this example 5 drives are used. Each file is broken in this case into three data blocks, then two separate parity blocks are constructed. Now Drive#1 gets a data block, Drive#2 gets a data block, Drive#3 gets a data block, Drive#4 gets a parity block and Drive#5 gets a parity block. The point of the two parity blocks is that the original file can be constructed from two of these and just one of the original data blocks. Notice in the above schematic that the parity blocks are being distributed evenly across the subsequent file writes like RAID5. Also notice that if any two drives are lost, the system can continue to function. RAID6 has the highest level of fault tolerance but is not much more cost effective than mirroring. The multiple parity calculations also affect performance bogging it down compared to some of the newer composite RAID schema being developed.
RAID 0+1 Striping w/Mirrors The file is striped out to two drives. Each of these drives is actually a mirror set.
RAID 1+0(RAID10) Mirror w/Striping: The file is written out in full duplicate to two separate drives. Each of the mirror drives is actually a stripe set.
RAID 5+0(RAID50) RAID5 w/Striping: The file is broken into blocks and a parity block is calculated. Each block is written out to its respective drive. Each of these drives is in actuality a RAID0 stripe set.
In comparing RAID 0+1 versus 1+0 consider: In RAID 0+1 the file is "striped out" to the two mirror sets. This means that BOTH sides must come back from at least one working drive. Therefore RAID 0+1 can tolerate one drive from each side of the stripe but never both. In RAID 1+0, the file is mirrored in full to each stripe set. It can lose one or both drives of either mirror set but it can never suffer a drive down in both sets at the same time.
RAID50 requires a minimum of six drives. It can lose one or both of any single stripe set of the three but it cannot tolerate two drives down at the same time from two different sets.
One can imagine implementing RAID 0+5 and so on. One company is offering a box that features "RAID 53". Some companies may reverse the authors definitions and what they call RAID 0+1 the author is calling RAID 1+0. The author is using the Adaptec definition of their "RAID 0/1" products as the definition of a generic term called "RAID 0+1". It is however, imperative to read the documentation to get a clear picture of what a particular company is refering to when they state "RAID 0+1" or RAID "1+0".
The key to the various definitions of RAIDs 2, 3, and 4 these days appears to be the algorithm used to access the disks. Adaptec appears to be using the author's definition of RAID4 for what they refer to as RAID3. The key issue to each of these RAIDs is their usage of a dedicated parity data drive, whereas RAID5 will distribute the file's data blocks and parity blocks evenly accross the members of the RAID5 disk array.
Under normal circumstances parity, the student PC technician has learned, is a form of EDC or Error Detection Code, and not a form of ECC, or Error Correction Code. This is indeed true except in the case of how the RAID array controller (hardware or software) performs the calculations and reconstructions using it.
Here is a simple example in which the ASCII code for the letter "A" will be stored on Drive#1, the code for "B" will be stored on Drive#2 and the parity byte will be stored on Drive#3.
In the XOR logical operation if the two bits being XORed in the column are unlike (i.e. a 0 and a 1) then the XOR result is a 1. if the two bits being XORed in each column are alike (i.e. both are 0 or both are 1) then the XOR result is 0.
So by simply XORing the piece of data that is still intact with the XOR sum of the original data pieces then the missing piece returns! Try this with any pair of bytes and you will find that XOR does in fact exhibit this "magical" boolean logical property.
Boot the system to the Student CD-ROM and wipe the two drives on the secondary controller. Once complete, launch GHOST and restore the Windows 2000 Advanced Server image onto the first physical drive of the system (the one in the rack.) Be sure to set the size of the partition to be restored from the image file to 1000MB in size. When complete remove the student CD-ROM and reboot the system.
Logon as Administrator using the password "admin". Close the Configure Your Server Window and launch the Disk Management using Start > Programs > Administrative Tools > Computer Management. Maximize the screen and then single click on Disk Management.
This will launch the Write Signature and Upgrade Disk Wizard. Click Cancel and adjust the sizes of the Window panes so that the Disks pane of the lower right is the largest one. Notice that the two "unsigned" drives have red minus signs overlaid on their icons. Similarly to Windows NT 4.0, until the drives receive signatures, Disk Management (and the rest of the operating system) will not access them. The signature is a randomly generated 32-bit number similar to a volume serial number that is then written into the Master Boot Record. Right click on Disk 1 and click Write Signature. Be sure that both drives are checked in the resultant message box and click OK.
Now the red minus sign icons are gone and the disks have signatures in the MBR, though they still have no actual partition tables. Since we will be implementing a fault tolerant RAID Windows 2000 requires that the drives be upgraded to "Dynamic Disks." Notice that all three are currently referred to as Basic Disks. What this means functionally is that all partition information for the drive resides solely in the MBR as partition tables that can be read by all operating systems and the BIOS. When upgrading to a dynamic disk, custom information in the form of a rather large and proprietary data base of information about the partitions of all drives on the system will be written to the far back end of the addressable sectors of the drive. At that point the "Volumes" on the Dynamic disks will not be accessible by any other OS except one that can read a dynamic disk database: Windows 2000 or Windows XP/2003.
Right click on Disk 0 and select Upgrade to Dynamic Disk. Be sure that all three drives are checked in the message box then click OK. Note the three columns and the information displayed in the Disks to Upgrade message box then click Upgrade. Read the blue (i) message box carefully, then click Yes. Read the yellow /!\ message box carefully and click Yes. Read the next yellow /!\ carefully and click OK.
Upon reboot, open Disk Management again this time by Start > Settings > Control Panel > Dbl Click Administrative Tools > Dbl Click Computer Management. Single click Disk Management and resize the panes. Notice that all of the drives are now labeled Dynamic. Now right click on the C: drive NTFS Volume on Disk 0 (don't click the Disk itself, click the ocre colored volume on it) and select Add Mirror. In the Add Mirror Window click on Disk 1 and then click the Add Mirror button. Read the resultant yellow /!\ message carefully and click OK.
Notice the yellow /!\ overlay icon on Disk 1 and the Regenerating x% progress as Disk Management constructs the mirror of the system partition. When complete the /!\ overlay icon disappears and the mirrored volumes should indicate a status message of Healthy.
Minimize the Disk Management window for a moment (do NOT close it while it is building the mirror!) and open My Computer. Set the system to display hidden files and known file extensions and hidden OS files. Click Tools > Folder Options > View and make the appropriate selections in the Window then click Apply then Close. Open the C: Drive and create a new folder and name it Admin. Close My Computer and restore the Disk Management window.
Now right click on the black bordered unallocated space on Disk 2 and select Create Volume. The Create Volume Wizard starts. Click Next. In the Select Volume Type screen select Simple Volume, click Next. On the Select Disks screen leave the disk selected as Disk 2 and manually enter the size of the new volume as 1000MB. Click Next.
In the Assign Drive Letter or Path screen, select Mount this volume... and click on the Browse button. In the browse window click on the [+] next to the C: drive and then click on the folder you just created named Admin, then click OK. Now click Next.
In the Format Volume screen leave it to format as NTFS with Default cluster sizes, give the volume label = cadmin. Check the Perform Quick Format check box then click Next.
In the Completing the Create Volume Wizard you can review all of your choices, then click Finish. Remember to wait a moment for Disk Management to initiate and complete the format process then display the resulting Healthy status message. Note that this volume on Disk 2 will be the storage area for any files that get saved in the folder C:\ADMIN. The files stored in that folder will NOT be stored on Disk 0 where the rest of the C: drive is located. This is another advanced capability of the Windows 2000 dynamic disks and NTFS file system architectures and is called a volume "mount point." Notice that a partition is to a basic disk what a volume is to a dynamic disk. The major difference with dynamic disk volumes is that they are far more flexible and can involve more than one physical disk involved as the storage device for a single volume: that is another way of saying RAID although the mount point is a feature borrowed from the way Unix does things and is not a type of RAID, but the mirror created earlier was a software level RAID 1.
Once this is complete, a RAID-5 volume set will be created on the remaining space of all three drives. Right click on the 1.84GB (or whatever is available) unallocated space of Disk 0 and select Create Volume. In the Create Volume Wizard click Next.
In the Select Volume Type Screen click Raid-5 and read the description carefully, then click Next. In the Select Disks screen click Disk 1 then the Add button. Now click on Disk 2 and click the Add button again. All three disks should appear in the right side window pane. Now click Next.
In the Assign Drive Letter or Path, select Drive letter and make it the letter R. Click Next.
In the Format the Volume screen, leave it to format as NTFS, Change the volume label = data_raid5. Check the Perform Quick Format checkbox then click Next.
In the Completing the Create Volume Wizard screen you can review your choices then click Finish. Again, wait for Disk Management to format the volume.
When the creation and format of the new RAID 5 volume is complete, close Disk Management and Start > Search > File and Folders. Type in the file name *.GIF and tell it to search the C: drive. When several have been found click the Stop search button. Double click on a large one (greater than 10KB in size) and Internet Explorer will open to display the image file. Now that you know what it looks like copy it to the Admin folder. Notice that this folder now has a drive icon in the root of the C: drive. Find another image view it them copy it to the R: drive. This has been done to test the volumes later. Close the search window.
Insert a blank floppy diskette into the drive and open My Computer. Right Click on floppy drive A: and select Format. In the format window check the Quick format checkbox, then click Start. When finished close the format window. Open the root of the C: drive and copy the files NTLDR, NTDETECT.COM and BOOT.INI to the floppy.
Now open My Computer and open the root of the A: drive. Double click the file BOOT.INI. Copy the long entry under the [Operating Systems] section under itself so that there are two of these and change the second entry so that it points to the mirror physical drive by changing ...rdisk(0)... to ...rdisk(1)... Within the quotes on the same line change the text to: "Mirror on Physical Disk 1". Save and exit Notepad.exe.
Reboot the system to the bootable floppy and highlight the "Mirror on Physical Disk 1" entry and press [Enter]. The system should boot without incident to the desktop. This proves that the mirror capable diskette is working. Note that the operating system has no complaints about launching the mirror drive and with Disk 0 actually working, it is still mirroring the two as well.
What RAID schema is actually not fault tolerant? What is its purpose?
What RAID schema is considered to be the most fault tolerant? What is the minumum number of hard drives required to implement it? How many of these can fail simultaneously and the system continue to function?
Why are hardware level RAIDs considered to be better than software level RAIDs? What is a potential shortcoming of a hardware level RAID controller versus a software implemented RAID?
Which RAID schema are now considered obsolete? Explain why each one is now considered obsolete. What RAID schema has become the standard effectively rendering these predecessors obsolete? Why is it considered the standard choice?
What is the purpose of composite RAID schema? Why would someone want to implement RAID 10 rather than RAID 5? What are the minimum hard drives required for each schema? Assuming they are each 100GB in size, what is the total storage capacity of each schema?Which is more economically efficient?
Assuming that a certain type of hard drive has a 15MB/sec platter-to-buffer transfer rate, what is the minimum number of drives required to set up a stripe set that can physically operate at the maximum throughput of an ATA-6 controller? What would be the minimum number of drives needed to achieve this with fualt tolerance? What would be the best schema to use?
Describe the differences if any between disk mirroring and disk duplexing. What RAID schema are they?
RAID-5 is based on what boolean algebraic operation performed on the original data set?
Why is SCSI the preferred technology for implementing RAID's of any schema?
A disk imaging software is excellent for making full backups but will not support any RAID, what should be done to assure disaster recovery of the data?


text:
Q: dotnet tool install --global dotnet-ef error NU1100: Unable to resolve 'dotnet-ef (>= 0.0.0)' for 'net5.0'.
error NU1100: Unable to resolve 'dotnet-ef (>= 0.0.0)' for 'net5.0/any'.
The tool package could not be restored.
Tool 'dotnet-ef' failed to install. This failure may have been caused by:

*

*You are attempting to install a preview release and did not use the --version option to specify the version.

*A package by this name was found, but it was not a .NET tool.

*The required NuGet feed cannot be accessed, perhaps because of an Internet connection problem.

*You mistyped the name of the tool.

For more reasons, including package naming enforcement, visit https://aka.ms/failure-installing-tool
error NU1100: Unable to resolve 'dotnet-aspnet-codegenerator (>= 0.0.0)' for 'net5.0'.
error NU1100: Unable to resolve 'dotnet-aspnet-codegenerator (>= 0.0.0)' for 'net5.0/any'.
The tool package could not be restored.
Tool 'dotnet-aspnet-codegenerator' failed to install. This failure may have been caused by:

*

*You are attempting to install a preview release and did not use the --version option to specify the version.

*A package by this name was found, but it was not a .NET tool.

*The required NuGet feed cannot be accessed, perhaps because of an Internet connection problem.

*You mistyped the name of the tool.

A: dotnet nuget list source returned an empty list.
I guess you only run into this problem when you install dotnet without having visual studio installed on your machine that pre populates the official nuget site as source.
running dotnet nuget add source https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json -n nuget.org fixed the issue for me.
see https://github.com/dotnet/EntityFramework.Docs/issues/2044#issuecomment-910202971

A: Install it in your local project instead of globally, it will work for me. Execute the below commands one by one:

*

*dotnet new tool-manifest (this will dotnet-tools.json file in your project)

*dotnet tool install --local dotnet-ef --version 5.0.5

*dotnet ef

A: If you want to run this command in pc without Visual Studio installation , you must add a nuget source first by this command :
dotnet nuget add source https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json -n nuget.org

A: Try to install by including a version flag
dotnet tool install --global dotnet-ef --version 3.0.0

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
An interferometric study of the post-AGB binary 89-Herculis II. Radiative transfer models of the circumbinary disk
Hillen(2014).pdf (1.603Mb)
Hillen, M.
Menu, J.
Van Winckel, H.
Min, M.
Gielen, C.
Wevers, T.
Mulders, G.D.
Regibo, S.
Verhoelst, T.
Binaries: general
Circumstellar matter
Infrared: stars
Stars: AGB and post-AGB
Techniques: interferometric
Techniques: photometric
Context. The presence of stable disks around post-asymptotic giant branch (post-AGB) binaries is a widespread phenomenon. Also, the presence of (molecular) outflows is now commonly inferred in these systems. Aims. In the first paper of this series, a surprisingly large fraction of optical light was found to be resolved in the 89 Her post-AGB binary system. The data showed that this flux arises from close to the central binary. Scattering off the inner rim of the circumbinary disk, or scattering in a dusty outflow were suggested as two possible origins. With detailed dust radiative transfer models of the circumbinary disk, we aim to discriminate between the two proposed configurations. Methods. By including Herschel/SPIRE photometry, we extend the spectral energy distribution (SED) such that it now fully covers UV to sub-mm wavelengths. The MCMax Monte Carlo radiative transfer code is used to create a large grid of disk models. Our models include a self-consistent treatment of dust settling as well as of scattering. A Si-rich composition with two additional opacity sources, metallic Fe or amorphous C, are tested. The SED is fit together with archival mid-IR (MIDI) visibilities, and the optical and near-IR visibilities of Paper I. In this way we constrain the structure of the disk, with a focus on its inner rim. Results. The near-IR visibility data require a smooth inner rim, here obtained with a double power-law parameterization of the radial surface density distribution. A model can be found that fits all of the IR photometric and interferometric data well, with either of the two continuum opacity sources. Our best-fit passive models are characterized by a significant amount of ~mm-sized grains, which are settled to the midplane of the disk. Not a single disk model fits our data at optical wavelengths because of the opposing constraints imposed by the optical and near-IR interferometric data. Conclusions. A geometry in which a passive, dusty, and puffed-up circumbinary disk is present, can reproduce all of the IR, but not the optical observations of 89 Her. Another dusty component (an outflow or halo) therefore needs to be added to the system.
Hillen, M.; Menu, J.; Van Winckel, H.; Min, M.; Gielen, C.; Wevers, T.; Mulders, G.D.; Regibo, S.; Verhoelst, T. (2014). An interferometric study of the post-AGB binary 89-Herculis II. Radiative transfer models of the circumbinary disk. , Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 568, A12, DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201423749.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201423749

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Play golf at the Boca Raton Resort And Club Resort Course on the Resort grounds, a 6,253 yard par 71 course highlighted with a variety of elevation changes and 12 surface acres of water including a signature water feature designed by Hugh Hughes, or the Boca Raton Municipal Golf Course, Golf Course Road, (561) 483-6317 with it's 18-hole regulation, 6,115-yard, par-72 course, nine-hole, 1,877-yard, par-30 executive course, driving range and putting green, or at the Red Reef Executive Golf Course, 1111 N. Ocean Blvd., (561) 391-5014, with it's nine-hole, 1,628-yard, par-32 course on the ocean, or at the Southwinds County Golf Course, 9557 Lyons Road, (561) 483-1305, with it's 18-hole, 72-par course.
Check out the Royal Palm Polo Sports Complex, 18000 Jog Road, Boca Raton, Fl., (561) 994-1876, the oldest existing club in South Florida, Boca Raton's Royal Palm Polo Club is known as the sport's winter capital.
Go shopping at the Town Center Mall, 6000 Glades Rd.
Lie on the beach, go swimming, snorkeling or scuba diving, go freshwater or saltwater fishing, dine in one of the many fine restaurants, play tennis, check out Lake Okeechobee, the second-largest freshwater lake in the United States or just lie around your hotel pool and relax. If you get tired of Boca Raton you are right near Palm Beach and you are within just over an hour's drive from Miami Beach and all it has to offer.


text:
Polis High School
Nketiah's clutch strike silences United, Haaland tames Wolves
Posted on January 23, 2023 By admin No Comments on Nketiah's clutch strike silences United, Haaland tames Wolves
Eddie Nketiah's last-gasp goal saw Arsenal snatch a thrilling 3-2 win over Manchester United on Sunday, allowing them to extend their lead at the top of the Premier League to five points, shortly after Erling Haaland's remarkable hat-trick secured Manchester City a 3-0 triumph over Wolves.
The Gunners remain on course for a first title in 19 years with a game in hand over City also to come.
United went in front at the Emirates after Marcus Rashford's thunderous strike opened the scoring with his ninth goal since the World Cup break.
Arsenal leveled within seven minutes as Nketiah's powerful header rounded off a brilliant team move.
Bukayo Saka's long-range effort that arrowed into the bottom corner put the home side in front early in the second half.
This time United bounced straight back when Lisandro Martinez, who had been a target for Arsenal before arriving at Old Trafford in July, headed in a loose ball from a corner.
Erik ten Hag's men were penned inside their own box for much of the final quarter as the post denied Saka a second and David de Gea saved from Nketiah.
Arsenal's pressure finally got its reward when Nketiah flicked home Martin Odegaard's shot and the goal survived a VAR check for offside.
"Emotional, a lot of passion, a lot of quality. It doesn't get much better than that," said Arteta.
"To come here against this team and play the way we played. The second half especially, the performance was incredible."
A first defeat in 11 games realistically ends any hope of United's first title in a decade as they slipped 11 points behind Arsenal in fourth, having played a game more.
"It's hard to accept when you lose in the last stage of the game," said Ten Hag.
"We made mistakes with all three goals. Normally we are better in such situations. It can't happen."
Haaland's 4th hat-trick
Haaland's fourth hat-trick in 19 Premier League appearances had briefly cut Arsenal's lead at the top to two points as Pep Guardiola got the reaction he wanted from the defending champions.
Guardiola questioned his players' hunger to retain the title after Thursday's 4-2 win over Tottenham.
Haaland is the one major difference to Guardiola's previous title-winning sides in England and the Norwegian silenced any doubts over whether City are a stronger force without a recognized striker.
The 22-year-old's scoring rate has slowed marginally in recent weeks, but his header from Kevin De Bruyne's cross moved him level with the 23 league goals that saw Mohamed Salah and Son Heung-min share the Golden Boot with last season.
Manchester City's Erling Haaland shoots a penalty kick during match against Wolverhampton Wanderers at the Etihad Stadium, Manchester, UK., Jan. 22, 2023. (AFP Photo)
Haaland then took his tally to 30 goals in all competitions from the penalty spot early in the second half after Ilkay Gundogan had been upended by Ruben Neves.
Wolves gifted Haaland his hat-trick four minutes later as goalkeeper Jose Sa presented the ball to Riyad Mahrez, who unselfishly squared for his teammate to roll into an unguarded net.
"The numbers are incredible," said Guardiola.
"We can't play the false nine with him. You have to adapt some movements with him and we are doing quite well."
Just a second league defeat since Julen Lopetegui took charge leaves Wolves above the relegation zone only on goal difference.
Leeds edged one point clear of the bottom three, but remain without a league win since November after a 0-0 draw at home to Brentford.
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H-4 Visa Holders: An Underutilized Source of Skilled Workers, November 2, 2022
Immigrant Entrepreneurs and U.S. Billion-Dollar Companies, July 26, 2022
H-1B Petitions and Denial Rates in FY 2021, January 12, 2022
NFAP Exec. Dir. Testimony Before the House Immigration and Citizenship Subcommittee: On U.S. and Canadian Immigration Policy, July 13, 2021
The International Experience of Startup Visas for Immigrant Entrepreneurs, July 15, 2020
Immigrants and America's Comeback From the Covid-19 Crisis, July 13, 2020
Employer-Paid H-1B Visa Fees, April 1, 2019
Immigrant Entrepreneurs and U.S. Immigration Policy, March 23, 2019
Immigrants and Billion-Dollar Startups, October 2018
Understanding America's Legal Immigration System, December 2017
The Impact of a Point-Based Immigration System on Agriculture and Other Business Sectors, August 2017
H-1B Visas By The Numbers, June 2017
Policy Recommendations on Employment-Based Immigration for the New President and Congress, January 2017
Startup Visa Proposals and Job Creation, March 2016
Immigrants and Billion Dollar Startups, March 2016
Reforming America's Legal Immigration System, September 2015
The Increasing Importance of Immigrants to Science and Engineering in America, June 2014
House and Senate Legislation on High Skill Immigration, June 2014
American-Made 2.0: How Immigrant Entrepreneurs Continue to Contribute to the U.S. Economy, June 2013
Immigrant Founders and Key Personnel in America's Top 50 Venture-Funded Companies, December 2011
America's Tradition of Rewarding Talent, December 2011
A New Immigrant Entrepreneur Visa Aimed at Job Creation in America, September 2010
American Made: Immigrant Entrepreneurs and Professionals, November 2006


IMMENSITY comes from Greece, and was formed in the beginning of 2009 in Athens. This is their debut album.
Sometimes a bit of gothic/doom can be just what's needed to lift the spirits. Delving headlong into some more melancholic material and hearing the gorgeous melodies and atmosphere gives the best in the genre their ability to strike a chord with followers. Greece's own Immensity has both the sound (and the fitting name) seemingly mastered on their debut, The Isolation Splendour.
All one has to do is take a peek at the track listing before playing this to get an understanding of the enormity and scope they are about to undertake.
Epic is a very simple way to express only a small portion of what Immensity offer. Much like an eager to please pizza delivery guy they bring so much more to the doorstep, in this case our ears.
In a year that has been, to this reviewer, mostly unimpressive in the doom metal department, the Greeks in Immensity decided to close things out with something delightfully fresh and inspired.


Attention all Social Media Executives! Crazy for all things Social Media? Then we have the perfect job for you. Our exciting eCommerce client is experiencing a period of growth and is looking for a motivated Social Media Executive to join their team based in Wigan!
Our client is thriving in the eCommerce sector and has a powerful social media presence. The successful Social Media Executive will manage the company's social media platforms as well as developing new and exciting strategies to drive traffic. Working closely with the Head of Marketing and Content Manager, the successful candidate will also be fluent in all things social media!
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text:
from flask.ext.script import Manager
from launchsoon import app, db

manager = Manager(app)

@manager.command
def initdb():
    db.create_all()
    print "initdb is done"

@manager.command
def dropdb():
    db.drop_all()
    print "dropdb is done"

if __name__ == '__main__':
    manager.run()

# ---

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Ever wondered what those strange candy-like emojis on your smartphone are?
Learn how to differentiate between oden, dango, narutomaki and senbei, four Japanese foods that have found their way to the emoji hall of fame, with this video, which pairs them with real food images. Good luck not Googling a Japanese restaurant near you after watching this.


Hot Water | Ross Design Inc.
Hot water. We all want it instantly when we want it and get frustrated when it runs out! One of the most common conversations we have with clients revolves around water heating options. Should they go for the currently heavily on demand tankless system with its appealing promise of ceaseless hot water, or go the traditional tank route? It is not a simple question.
Tankless systems are touted as the space saving energy efficient way to go because you are not heating water in a tank, but as it is needed. But is this true? It all depends on how you look at it. Gas fueled heaters have an electrical requirement that is not intermittent. Traditional tank systems use 40,000 btu of gas, tankless systems use up to 160,000 btu which may require an increased gas supply pipe.
Water usage is another component of the equation. A certain volume of water flowing through the unit is required to turn it on. I experimented with an electric unit once and found myself waiting longer for water which resulted in wasted water. Another unconsidered side effect of unlimited hot water is that it actually promotes longer showers, more water down the drain. Other factors include higher initial cost for purchase and installation, especially in retrofit situations.
Other cons for tankless systems are the annual maintenance costs, the systems should be serviced annually. Water source is also critical, hard water is rough on various components of the system and it is best to provide softening for it before it enters the chamber. Another key point of potential dissatisfaction is that the final temperature of water at the tap is dependent on the temperature of the water entering the system which presents a real issue in colder clients. The temperature of tankless systems is not a constant, but dependent on the differential between incoming and outgoing water being limited to about 50 degrees. When using them at vacation homes, you want to make sure that exterior installations are totally drained to prevent freezing.
The traditional tanked systems have several positives going for them. Their initial costs are less. Adding a recirculating pump to the system creates instant hot water at the tap reducing water waste. This is not an option for tankless systems. Their temperature can be set and remains constant. They are also more reliable without maintenance, although it is recommended! Recent advances in insulation have greatly reduced the efficiency differences between the two types of systems.
The major drawback to the traditional tank is the limit to hot water capacity (although this could be seen as a positive for households with teens!). Another negative is the amount of space required for the tank and flue. Filling a garden tub will also deplete the supply and needs to be planned for. Finally the expected life of these units is 10-15 years, although 20 is not uncommon.
The bottom line is there is no one right answer. There are situations that lend themselves to both types of water heaters. We help our clients make an educated decision by looking at all the factors and selecting the right solution to meet their needs. Sometimes it is a combination of both systems!


text:
PowerDot Presents: The Whiskey Throttle Show
Ep.1 Press Release
[Corona, CA]
The world premiere of The Whiskey Throttle Show presented by PowerDot at the TLD Saloon features the most prolific individual in motocross racing. Roger DeCoster is a five-time world motocross champion with 36 500cc GP wins to his credit, a member of six winning Belgian motocross des nations teams, the most successful team manager in the history of the sport, and the team manager for the first American Motocross des Nations team to win the event in 1981… and every US team since that time. Suffice it to say that Roger's nickname, The Man, is well-deserved.
But how well do you know Roger? Have you ever heard him talk about his five world titles? What about his rivalries back in the 1970's? Did he have a favorite rider to work with as a manager? What gets him out of bed in the morning? What's going on with our MXdN teams lately? Host David Pingree and co-host Grant Langston will sit down with Roger and chat at length to get the answers to these and many other questions. Have something you'd like to ask Roger? Send an email to info@thewhiskeythrottleshow.com and we'll add it to our list of questions. You can also send questions to Ping and GL and the duo will respond in the 4 Wheel Parts Get@Me Q & A segment later in the show.
The first Whiskey Throttle show will be available December 21st on Stitcher, Spotify, and iTunes. Also, links to the show can be found on www.racerxonline.com , www.troyleedesigns.com as well as www.thewhiskeythrottleshow.com. The video will be available on our YouTube channel by searching The Whiskey Throttle Show.
Follow us on Instagram @whiskeythrottleshow
Follow us on Twitter @w_throttle_show
Purchase your tax-deductible tickets to the first live show on January 4th with Rick Johnson here:
https://road2recovery.com/?post_type=product&p=25323&preview=true
Limited seats available! $20 donation per seat and 100% of proceeds go to Road 2 Recovery… Free 805 beer with entry!


text:
Report on Adams (United States) — September 1997
Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, vol. 22, no. 9 (September 1997)
Managing Editor: Richard Wunderman..
Adams (United States) Avalanche moves 5 km down the uninhabited east flank on 20 October
Global Volcanism Program, 1997. Report on Adams (United States). In: Wunderman, R. (ed.), Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network, 22:9. Smithsonian Institution. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.GVP.BGVN199709-321040.
Volcano Profile | Complete Bulletin
A sizable rock avalanche occurred during 20 October on the E side of Mount Adams. Based on seismic signals, the avalanche began at 0031 and lasted about six minutes. There were no seismic precursors.
On 21 October, a US Geological Survey scientist inspected the avalanche deposit from a small airplane. The avalanche originated at ~3,500 m elevation on the S face of The Castle, a prominent topographic knob at the head of Battlement Ridge. The source area formed an obvious, near-vertical scar roughly triangular in shape with sides ~300 m long. The summit of The Castle remained intact. The avalanche descended the Klickitat Glacier icefall and left a thin veneer of rock debris on the steep upper part of the glacier. Below ~2,500 m elevation the deposit thickened. The avalanche traveled beyond the end of the Klickitat Glacier and continued ~2 km down the valley of Big Muddy Creek, a Klickitat River tributary. The length of the avalanche track totaled ~5 km, and the width may exceed 1 km in places. The average width is ~0.5 km. Maximum deposit thickness may exceed 20 m. The volume of the avalanche debris is probably between 1 and 5 million m3.
The avalanche deposit temporarily blocked the flow of Big Muddy Creek, resulting in the formation of a small lake on the avalanche debris. By noon on 21 October the avalanche dam had breached, and flow in Big Muddy Creek did not appear unusual. Continuing hazards exist due to the threat of additional rockfalls, damming and downstream flooding. However, these hazards exist primarily in unpopulated areas deep within the backcountry of Yakima Nation lands. No evidence suggests that hazards in populated areas far downstream have increased significantly.
This avalanche appeared unrelated to a similar-sized avalanche on the W flank of Mount Adams about seven weeks earlier (31 August). This earlier avalanche consisted of about 90% snow and ice; its source was Avalanche Glacier cirque at ~ 3,650-m elevation on the upper SW flank. Both avalanches originated where rocks evidently had been weakened by intense hydrothermal alteration. Both avalanches may have been triggered in part by wet subsurface conditions associated with late-season thawing of exceptionally heavy snowpack in conjunction with early-season storms. Neither avalanche was triggered by regional earthquake or volcanic activity.
After the 20 October avalanche, a second, smaller one swept down the same path and yielded a much smaller seismic signal that began at 0729 on 24 October. Preliminary reports suggested that the second avalanche traveled only about half the distance of the first.
Mount Adams, one of the largest volcanoes in the Cascade Range, dominates the Mount Adams volcanic field in Washington's Skamania, Yakima, Klickitat, and Lewis counties and the Yakima Indian Reservation of S-central Washington (1,250 km2). At Adams, large landslides and lahars that need not be related to eruptions probably pose the most destructive, far-reaching hazard.
Geologic Background. Although lower in height than its neighbor to the north, Mount Rainier, Mount Adams rises above a lower topographic base and is second in volume only to Mount Shasta in the Cascade Range. The volcanic field includes the 200 km3 Mount Adams complex andesitic-dacitic stratovolcano, elongated along a NNW-SSE line, and more than 60 flank vents. Volcanism began about 940 ka, with three main cone-building stages occurring at about 500, 450, and 30 ka. It was active throughout the Holocene, producing two dozen minor explosive eruptions from summit and flank vents. Six Holocene lava flows are located on the flanks between 2100 and 2600 m altitude. The most voluminous Holocene lava flows, some of which traveled 10 km or more, were emplaced between about 7 and 4 ka. The latest eruption about 1000 years ago produced a minor tephra layer and possibly a small lava flow down the E flank.
Information Contacts: Cascades Volcano Observatory (CVO), U.S. Geological Survey, 5400 MacArthur Blvd., Vancouver, WA 98661, USA (URL: http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/); Geophysics Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA (URL: https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/observatories/cvo/).


text:
package ru.dionisius.control;

import ru.dionisius.model.User;

/**
 * Created by Dionisius on 05.08.2017.
 * Interface for all managers that work
 * with user's database.
 * It can add new user, edit user's personal ru.dionisius.ru.dionisius.data,
 * delete specified user and find specified user.
 */
public interface IDbManager {
    /**
     * Creates new user.
     * @param userName user's name.
     * @param userLogin user's login.
     * @param userEmail user's email.
     */
    void createUser(final String userName, final String userLogin, final String userEmail);

    /**
     * Edits user's ru.dionisius.ru.dionisius.data.
     * @param userName user's name.
     * @param userLogin user's login.
     * @param newUserLogin new user's login.
     * @param newUserEmail new user's email.
     */
    void editUser(final String userName, final String userLogin,  final String newUserLogin, final String newUserEmail);

    /**
     * Delete specified user.
     * @param userName user's name.
     * @param userLogin user's login.
     */
    void deleteUser(final String userName, final String userLogin);

    /**
     * Returns specified user instance.
     * @param userName user's name.
     * @param userLogin user's login.
     * @return user instance.
     */
    User getUser(final String userName, final String userLogin);

    /**
     * Disconnects from database.
     */
    void disconnectDb();

}


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Current Market Analysis: Most notes from Alabama are heavily circulated. This state has always been underprivileged economically, so people couldn't afford to hold currency just for the sake of saving it. Any note in XF condition or better should sell for a nice premium. First charter notes and denominations higher than $20 are scarce. Most towns in Alabama are small. You really can't say that notes from small towns are rare, but if you get the right mix of grade and rarity, then you have a great find. Notes from Alabama have been more popular in years past, but there is still a chance for the good stuff to sell for thousands of dollars.
We buy all antique paper money issued by The First National Bank of Selma, AL. We can tell you how much your $5 bill is worth. We aren't just dealers. We are also collectors, experts, and appraisers. We have contributed to numerous price guides and are considered specialists in the field of national currency. Contact us via phone or email to get your free appraisal today.


Kohl's is having a $10 & Under Clearance Deals Sale with up to 90% off over 4,200 Items from across the site, all under $10 with prices starting at only $0.60. Get free shipping on orders of $75 or more or choose free store pickup. Quantities are limited, hurry for the best selection.


Do you have a qualified business opportunity in Edmonton or are you looking to expand your existing company?
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Bond Capital is an active financial partner in Edmonton and Northern Alberta. We are an experienced Canadian merchant bank that specializes in alternative forms of capital.
An experienced professional at Bond Capital will assess your capital structure, measure your current weighted average cost of capital, measure your cash collection cycle, and help you better manage you're balance sheet.
Business in Edmonton is competitive and the bankers at Bond Capital are adept at accurately matching capital to opportunity to help you grow your business and prosper as a shareholder.


E-Visa facility is available for holders of Spanish passports with effect from November 3, 2015. The e-Visa scheme requires eligible Spanish nationals to apply four days in advance and obtain an Electronic Travel Authorization before travelling to India. It may be noted that the visa is not granted on arrival at the airport.
Please note- Applicant should carry the passport, which is mentioned on Electronic Travel Authorization (ETA) at the time of travel.
VFS Global (Madrid-Spain) has been authorized to accept applications for all categories of visas and collect fees/service charges. They also offer an optional service to return passports to applicants by courier.
VFS global, Madrid is located near the crossing of Avenida Pío XII & Calle de los Caídos de la División Azul. It can be reached by Metro Station Pío XII - Line 9 (exit Manuel Montilla) or by bus (No. 16, 29, 150, 70, 107, 129).
Print out of the online visa application form: https://indianvisaonline.gov.in/visa/Registration duly filled in and signed.
Passport of the Applicant, valid for at least 180 days and having a minimum of two blank pages.
Since 12 April 2018, holders of Spanish diplomatic passports are exempt from requiring a visa to travel to India for up to a period of 90 days. Diplomatic assigned/accredited to work in India for longer duration must apply for grant of appropriate visa.
Please Note: If the applicants have any doubts/queries, queries may be sent to the e-mail ID: visa@eoimadrid.gov.in for necessary guidance/clarification(s).


Named for the son of early settler Lex Graves, the town of Lexa is located in Phillips County approximately 18 miles northwest of Helena-West Helena in the Arkansas Delta region. As of the 2010 census, Lexa has a population of 286 residents.
Notable residents from Lexa include Gene Bearden, who became a major league baseball player and Maudie Hopkins the last documented widow of a Confederate soldier.
Copyright © 2019 Phillips County, Arkansas All Rights Reserved.


starring John Wayne. With Monument Valley as a backdrop, the film emphasizes the grandeur yet oppressiveness of the landscape as the protagonists continue their five-year search. The film touches upon various themes, intentionally or inadvertently, including ideas about the frontier, racism and anti-racism, miscegenation, honor, duty, the family, and ultimately, how these add up to what it means to be an American. The photographs were taken on the outskirts of Nairobi, Kenya, and depict a group of watchers, though we don't see what they are looking at or for. The searcher becomes the tourist who seeks the "authentic" African experience of the untamed wilderness and its wildlife.
The prints are installed so that the horizon line is continuous, the varying heights of the prints evoking the buttes of Monument Valley.


text:
Youth visit Grand Canyon National Park for Two Weeks of Inspiration
Contact: Shannan Marcak, 928-638-7958
Grand Canyon, Ariz. -- Grand Canyon National Park is valued worldwide as one of the world's most powerful and inspiring scenic landscapes. It has inspired artists from painters Thomas Moran and Gunnar Widforss to composer Ferde Grofé; and now, it has inspired a group of nine high school youth participating in the park's first Grand Inspiration program.
From June 28 – July 10, program participants joined park rangers, an art educator and river guides on a rafting trip through the Grand Canyon, and created works of art along the way. The National Park Service and its partner Grand Canyon Youth designed this pilot program to get youth into the outdoors and inspired by the unique scenery and resources of Grand Canyon National Park.
Grand Canyon Youth selected participants through an application process. Students submitted personal sketches, paintings, photographs or poetry along with an essay for their application. In preparation for the trip, participants were required to keep visual journals, complete community service, and participate in conference calls that helped them prepare for the experience.
Grand Inspiration not only provided the opportunity for participants to connect artistically with this iconic park, but also promoted a sense of stewardship towards the park and natural places. According to the Artist's Statement participants developed to interpret their exhibition, "As guests to the river and its surroundings, we learned to respect the area as both an element that could take our lives and as inspiration into a creative venture."
Trip leaders and park rangers guided program participants to a variety of unique locations both along the river and down side canyons. Along the way, they practiced different techniques for visual arts and creative writing and learned about the geology and natural history of the canyon. Additionally, as a part of their experience and to share their new found sense of place, the students designed an art exhibition to convey to visitors the significance of the Grand Canyon. "Amidst the glory of the area, it is difficult not to be inspired. Regardless of artistic interest, the marvel of nature and its profound strength encourage thought of some sort, and sometimes, a wave of creativity knocks you in the back; it is up to you whether to surf the wave or be swallowed by it." According to the youth, this exhibition shares their surfing experience.
The design process for the final exhibition started several days into the river trip, and participants later spent two days assembling it at Park Headquarters on the South Rim of Grand Canyon National Park. The exhibition Read the Water will be on display at Park Headquarters through Labor Day, Monday, September 6, 2010.
The mission of Grand Canyon Youth is to provide youth ages 12-19 with experiential outdoor education opportunities along the rivers and in the canyons of the Southwest while promoting environmental awareness, community involvement, personal growth, and teamwork among people of diverse backgrounds.
The Environmental Education Branch of Grand Canyon National Park seeks to inspire stewardship and enthusiasm for the outdoors among youth by providing programs that link the preservation of Grand Canyon National Park to conservation in their backyards and communities.
The partnership between the National Park Service and Grand Canyon Youth (GCY) started twelve years ago. Since then, it has continued to grow; and in 2008, the organizations expanded the partnership to offer overnight youth programs called Rim to River, which incorporate science service into the daily trip activities. After a successful season of four Rim to River programs in 2009, the two organizations wanted to offer a program appealing to youth with interests beyond science. Grand Inspiration focuses on parks as places for solitude, reflection and inspiration. The river affords access to remarkable scenery and a sense of escape from the fast pace of life and crowds of people, making it an ideal place to explore this theme.
For more information about the Grand Inspiration program or the Read the River exhibition, please contact Grand Canyon Camp Coordinator Megan Kohli at 928-638-7683. For more on Grand Canyon Youth, please visit www.gcyouth.org.


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text:
From Russia with love: New restaurant/nightclub comes to Preston
By David McNair | dave@readthehook.com
Published online 1:46pm Tuesday Oct 23rd, 2012
and in print issue #1143 dated Thursday Oct 25th, 2012
Time to make the piroshki! Chef Nargila Khalidova prepares a traditional Russian pastry app at the new Russian/Turkish restaurant on Preston Avenue.
Mansur Suleymanov
Dining upstairs, dancing downstairs. M & M Restaurant takes over the former Outback Lodge space on Preston Avenue.
Courteney Stuart
Attempts to revive the former Outback Lodge location on Preston Avenue seem to have been going on ever since the former roadhouse/restaurant closed in 2009. For a brief time, it was a place called Deuces Lounge, a restaurant and music joint that the owner predicted would be "the gem of Charlottesville." Now some new dreamers have taken over the space and turned it into a Russian/Turkish restaurant and late-night club called M&M Lounge and Restaurant.
"We know that we will make the best Eastern European food in Charlottesville," declare owners and brothers, Mansur and Muzaffar Suleymanov.
Well, of course, that's optimistic thinking, something anybody who plans to open a restaurant in this town should have in abundance, otherwise the daunting task of trying to make a name for yourself here, where there's a good restaurant around every corner, would seem insurmountable. But the Suleymanovs have surmounted obstacles far more daunting than opening a restaurant. Seven years ago, the Russian emigrants moved their entire family (mother, father, uncle, etc., who will also help run the restaurant) here with the help of the International Rescue Committee in Charlottesville, leaving behind a retail business they operated in Russia for a fresh start in America.
Recently, Dish had a chance to taste some dishes from M&M Restaurant and Lounge, and they were mighty tasty. Especially their signature appetizer piroshki, an oval-shaped Russian pastry filled with beef, cheese, and spinach. Of course, we also tried their Turkish chicken kebabs, marinated for a full day and grilled with onions, peppers, and vinegar. So tender!
Other items include Russian borscht soup, Georgian-style dumplings, and Balkan baklava. They also have Russian krabovyi salad, a traditional dish made with crab meat, corn, and rice. And they will bake their own Turkish bread, a soft, thin leavened bread that you can roll things up in.
As an added bonus, it also appears we'll be getting a Euro-style night club. The Suleymanovs plan to launch a late night scene in the big space, complete with a 2,500 square-foot dance floor with club lighting, plus a separate billiard room with sofas and ottomans for relaxing, which has an additional 1,500 square-foot dance floor. One of the night club rooms could be open as early as this Thursday, but they're still waiting on licenses for the other space in the building.
"In Europe, the nightlife is very exciting," says Mansur, "and we want to bring that European-style night life to Charlottesville."
The Suleymanovs also promise to have metal detectors and tight security in the parking lot.
"There will be no problems like the Outback used to have," declares Muzaffar.
Said in a thick Russian accent, reminiscent (to an American ear of a villain in a James Bond film), we're inclined to believe him.
Read more on: M&M Lounge and RestaurantPreston AvenuerestaurantRussian
Mr. Silk October 23rd, 2012 | 2:29pm
...not your fathet's Charlottesville!
Gennady October 23rd, 2012 | 5:00pm
I personally know the family and I had a privilege to enjoy their food and hospitality in their house; they are also hard working and talented people;
go and try those piroshki, borsch etc., and - as Russians say - you will swallow your fingers!
County Resident October 23rd, 2012 | 5:41pm
Now this sounds worth visiting.
Turko October 23rd, 2012 | 5:59pm
Thanx Hook for article. I have tried their food and it was just like back home. Kebab n paroshki r the best.
JS October 23rd, 2012 | 10:18pm
No, those have been sent across town to the moto saloon.
Liberalace October 24th, 2012 | 11:39am
Actually, her thick Russian accent would remind me more of Miss Kitka in the Batman movie from the mid-'60s. A classic camp film of all time!
R.I.P.: William Dozier
Melinda October 28th, 2012 | 7:04pm
Fantastic!! We feasted on their mouth watering, tender kebabs, flavorful pilaf and the piroshki is perfection!
Turkish bread, Borscht, Olivier, I am looking forward to returning!
Well done and very impressive! As I told my husband today, I have a new restaurant to crave! Will definitely be returning with friends!


The initiative to create an Educational Foundation was the brain child of a group of Socrates Schools parents and their Principal Mrs. Eleni Papadopoulos (deceased), who filed an application with Canada Customs and Revenue Agency for the purpose of creating a non-profit charitable organization.
In filing their application, their objective was to strive to raise funds for the purpose of providing financial support for the advancement and/or enrichment of trilingual (French, Greek & English) education in Canada.
The path of navigating a request through Charities Canada proved to be a long and difficult undertaking. The person that aided the committee through this difficult period was Mr. Constantine Anastasopoulos. With financial contributions made by parents committees of four of Socrates schools and donations from different individuals, the final obstacles were overcome and after four long years the "Socrates Educational Foundation" (SEF) obtained its charitable operations number, effective August 1, 2003.
The SEF now entered a new phase. It had a name and a federal charter. It had no formal mission statement, no stationery, no logo, no formal applications to respond to funding requests and it did not have any money, either.
Thanks to an effective Board of Directors, these challenges were overcome. Through generous donations made by individuals of the greater Montreal community the foundation was able to construct a Logo and print all the necessary stationery ranging from letterheads, envelopes, thank you cards, formal tax receipts and business cards. Concurrently, the Board developed a formal mission statement, established procedures as to how funding will be disbursed when requests are made, it found a Charter Accountants firm to audit its books and secured the service of a legal counsel.
The official inauguration of the Socrates Educational Foundation, took place on October 27, 2006. Through generous donations from new individuals and organizations the mission of the foundation is bearing fruit. By supporting requests for scholarships, uniforms, field trips or assistance to students of low income families, we at the Socrates Educational Foundation believe that we are on the right track to support our overall objective of advancing trilingual education.


562 OXFORD LLC is a business legal entity registered in compliance with the national legislation of the State of Connecticut under the legal form of Domestic Limited Liability Company. Company is located in the register under the national Company number 885908. The incorporation date of this company is on 18th January 2007 and its headquarters can be found at 91 WILLENBROCK RD., UNIT 3A, OXFORD, CT, 06478. Actually the company´s status is Dissolved.
Business activities of this company are managed together by 2 persons, who are responsible for correct companys operations on the market. They are MICHELE ZURKO-SMITH as principal with the seat at 91 WILLENBROCK RD., UNIT 3A, OXFORD, CT, 06478 , MICHELE ZURKO-SMITH as registered agent with the seat at 91 WILLENBROCK RD., UNIT 3A, OXFORD, CT, 06478 .


I have a 1998 Tradewinds diesel motorhome that I purchased new. On a recent trip from Minnesota to Arizona, the speedometer and tachometer would fluctuate while driving between 60 and 75 MPH, while I was holding the accelerator steady. When I would engage the cruise control, the speedometer would still fluctuate between 60 and 75 MPH, while my speed appeared to remain steady. After stopping for lunch or at night, it would be OK for awhile, but then start fluctuating again. Do you think this might be the instrument panel, a bad sender, a poor connection or ground, or a diode?
The fact that both gauges fluctuate together and at a steady speed indicate that the problem is not in the vehicle speed sensor or tachometer engine speed signal. Also, if the vehicle speed sensor signal was fluctuating, the cruise control would have problems maintaining a constant speed. So, yes, the problem likely lies in the dash cluster area. First, check the ground connection. Try running a new temporary independent wire with alligator clips, connected to a clean solid ground or directly to the battery ground post. The matching variations of the two gauges indicates a voltage fluctuation. If a good ground doesn't clear up the problem (although I suspect it will), measure the voltage at the gauges with a digital voltmeter while the motorhome is driven at the speeds you mentioned. This motorhome is on a Freightliner chassis, so besides taking it to an RV shop for help, you can also take it to a Freightliner dealer.
I have an LCI retractable step on my 2011 Monaco Monarch motorhome. When I either retract or extend the steps, they will reach the full extension and the motor will continue to run, making a banging noise. It seems like there should be a limit switch to tell the motor to stop running. I called Lippert, and they said I should replace the complete motor system for $125. The motor works OK, it doesn't know when to stop.
Unfortunately, the limit switch that tells the motor when to stop is part of the motor assembly, and so it's all replaced as an assembly. The banging noise is probably stripped gears from the motor-drive assembly, which further reinforces the need to replace the whole unit. You might be able to find a lower price online somewhere, but Lippert was right about the need to replace the motor assembly.
We have a 2010 Rexall 35-foot motorhome. The electrical outlets don't work. I checked all the outlets and they all look good. The kitchen area and bathroom outlets work. Could the converter be the problem? Do you know where the converter is located?
The converter does not power the 120-volt AC outlets; it only produces 12 volts DC for low-voltage appliances, accessories and lights and battery charging, so this is not the culprit. First, check for a tripped circuit breaker in the onboard power-distribution panel. It's also possible that there is a bad breaker in the panel. Ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) outlets are typically used for the kitchen and outside the motorhome, but it's possible that the nonworking outlets were wired into this circuit instead of those required by code. Find the GFCI outlet and make sure it's not tripped; reset if need be by pushing the appropriate button. If you have a higher-end coach, you may have an inverter/charger system instead of the converter. If this is the case, the inverter (Magnum, Xantrex, Go Power, etc.) may have a circuit breaker on it that could be tripped, so checking that is high on the list. If all the above pan out, then you could be looking at a wiring or receptacle issue. Sorting this requires a digital multimeter, and tracing the wiring from the circuit breaker using voltage, to each receptacle in that circuit. A wiring diagram would be helpful in this case. It's not unusual for one receptacle in a daisy chain of receptacles to have a bad connection internally. This is best handled by a certified RV technician.
We have a 2003 Ford E-450 chassis with the V-10 engine in our 2004 Winnebago Minnie Winnie (31 feet) Class C. I'm especially concerned about manually downshifting on an upgrade, and what is a safe speed mechanically so as to not over-rev the engine on a long upgrade. Should I just put my foot to the floor and let the engine and transmission do whatever? We have no tachometer.
The engine's electronic controls have a built-in limiter which should prevent you from over-revving the engine at full throttle going up a grade. The automatic transmission also is designed to prevent over-revving even if a driver selects a gear that's too low for the vehicle speed while descending a grade. Additionally, it will automatically force an upshift if the vehicle gains too much speed while in a manually selected lower gear to the point where the engine could exceed its redline.
You can determine for yourself what these speeds are in your specific motorhome. Simply accelerate at full throttle from a stop at the bottom of a long grade, with the shift selector in top drive gear. When it upshifts first, second and third gears, note the indicated speed and have your passenger write these down. These are your maximum shift points (which are at around 5,000 RPM). For a long engine and transmission life and fuel-economy reasons, I suggest you stay considerably below these points (about 20 percent) whenever possible. If you are concerned with the lack of a tachometer, you could add an aftermarket gauge, which is readily available and not too expensive.


Reverse Engineer function in MySQL Workbench 6.3.6 doesn't import generated column with NOT NULL constraint correctly.
Launch MySQL Workbanch and click "File" => "New Model" => "Database" => "Reverse Engineer", and import d1 schema.
1. Right-click table object and select "Copy SQL to Clipboard".
2. Double-click table object and see gcol's "NN" checkbox.
Attachment: screenshot_80685.png (image/png, text), 63.10 KiB.
Thank you for the report steps.


text:
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