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Brooke Burke files for divorce from David Charvet, plus more news
By Wonderwall.com Editors 12:04pm PDT, Apr 6, 2018
Brooke Burke and David Charvet are calling it quits
After nearly seven years of marriage, Brooke Burke and David Charvet are throwing in the towel. TMZ reports Brooke filed for divorce from her "Baywatch" alum husband on Friday, April 6, in Los Angeles. The split news comes a few years after tension related to their neighbor, "Bachelor" creator Mike Fleiss, started to brew, although it's unclear what caused them to go their separate ways. Brooke and David said "I do" in 2011 in St. Barts, years after their 2006 engagement. They share two children.
RELATED: Celebrity splits of 2018
Beyonce just hired more than 80 additional dancers for her Coachella performance
Coachella-goers are in for a serious sensory overload when Beyonce takes the stage next weekend. According to TMZ, Bey decided this week that the 12 backup dancers she's been rehearsing with aren't enough for the performance she has planned. The singer is now reportedly planning to appear with no less than 100 dancers. Given the new numbers, she's moved her 11-hours-a-day rehearsals to a studio big enough to accommodate everyone. And if you're hoping more dancers means more possibility of a pre-show hint about what fans can expect at the festival, think again. All the dancers have signed non-disclosure agreements and sources tell TMZ not even the top brass at Beyonce's label knows what she has in the works. The queen hits the mainstage at the polo grounds in Indio, Califorinia, Saturday, April 14.
RELATED: The most memorable Super Bowl Half Time shows in history
Kylie Jenner wants to lose 20 more pounds of baby weight
Kylie Jenner's still on a mission to drop more of her baby weight she gained. Despite having somehow nixed her bump within a month of Stormi's February birth, she told her followers this week she has work to do in the weight loss department. Not that she's letting it interfere with the occasional indulgence. A Snapchat video Kylie posted (via E! News) on Thursday, April 5, Kylie shows a tray of perfectly browned rolls coming out of the oven and revealed she's lost half of the 40 pounds she's said she put on while pregnant with her first child . "I need to lose 20 pounds," she says in the clip, "but this just looks too good!"
RELATED: Celebs expecting babies in 2018
Cardi B covers belly while refusing to confirm or deny pregnancy rumors
Is that a bump under there? Hard to say. Cardi B wasn't about to confirm or deny pregnancy rumors as she embarked on a round of appearances in New York City on Thursday, April 5, and her body language didn't let on much, either. "I feel like people just got to tune in a little bit on my album and they will know a little bit more because I can't address all the rumors and everything," she told Ebro Darden on Beats 1 on Apple Music (via the Daily Mail). "I have been so open to people about myself. People cannot expect me to be open about everything. Certain things to me, it has to be private. You cannot invade my privacy." Though the statement served well as an album plug (the record is called "Invasion of Privacy"), she also sounded genuinely frustrated at the buzz around her personal life with her fiance, Offset. "I'm not a damn animal at the zoo that you just could see everything, no," she spat. "People will just find out more. If it arrives, if it don't arrive, then you gonna know what the f— is going on." As TMZ reported after rumors she and Offset were expecting surfaced, Cardi could potentially be forced to forfeit some major income-generating deals if she's pregnant.
Justin Bieber says he has no regrets about tattoos, seemingly forgetting the Selena Gomez ink
Justin Bieber might need to reconsider his wording on a recent Instagram post celebrating his body art. "If [tattooing] didn't hurt everyone would have them," he captioned a shot of his torso and arms. "Well maybe not [everyone]!! Over a hundred hours of [hard] work on my body and I wouldn't take back a single one.. I ABSOLUTELY LOVE ART AND I'VE MADE my body a canvas and it's SO MUCH FUN." As suspicious fans soon pointed out, the part of his arm where he was once got an image of Selena Gomez was carefully cropped out of the photo. Followers flooded his comment section with questions about the Selena tat, which he told GQ he "kinda tried to cover her face up with some shading, but people still know." That was in 2016, when the two had split. By last fall they started seeing each other again although they seem to be decidedly off-again these days. Maybe stick to the Jesus tats, Biebs.
Cindy Crawford opens up about becoming a model matriarch
With a new cover out for Town&Country, Cindy Crawford relaxed with her pooch, Widget, this week, sharing a makeup-free photo as she reclined on what she joked was her "puppy pillow." In other posts from the eternally gorgeous 52-year-old's Instagram, she shows off some of the beach pics she posed for in the magazine's May issue, which features Cindy opening up about being one of the most famous supermodels in the world while raising two teenage models with bright careers ahead of them. One of the lessons she says she hopes to teach Kaia Gerber, 16, and Presley, 18, is how to be strong in the face of possible coercion on the job. "I've done nude photos, lots. The only ones I regretted were the ones that I kind of got talked into," she says. "I don't want my children to ever look back and think, 'Gosh, I wish I hadn't done that'. I want to empower them to just say, 'I'm outta here'." On the bright side, she says the industry is aware she takes no you-know-what. "As far as being a mother of two young people going into fashion, of course I worry, but let's be honest, my kids are blessed in that business because they aren't coming in as unknowns," she says. "People will know I will come after them if they mess with my kids."
RELATED: Stars at New York Fashion Week for Fall/Winter 2018
John Krasinski says Emily Blunt is the 'boss' in the relationship
As the promotional cycle for "A Quiet Place" continues, so do the adorable revelations about John Krasinski and Emily Blunt's relationship. We've already learned John — who directed and stars in the thriller alongside Emily, who plays his wife — has earned some enemies thanks to the good fortune he had to "marry up" when he and Emily got hitched. It seems Emily maintains that high-ranking status in her day-to-day life with John. Or, as he put it this week in a chat with the New York Post. "Emily is always the boss and I knew it … In the manual it says that. Luckily, she let me direct, and we went home and she went back to being the boss."
Blake Lively reaches out directly to fans about removing her daughter's image from social media
Paparazzi photos taken of Blake Lively and Ryan Reynolds' daughter James outside an Easter party at Martha Stewart's house have been coming down from the Internet for the past few days, thanks to Blake's diligent efforts to protect her children's privacy. That's not just Blake directing a minion to contact those who published the pics, either. The New York Post noticed Blake herself is messaging fans to let them know why it's important to her that her daughter not appear all over the Internet without her permission. In a comment on Instagram user Blake Lively Fan 99's page, Blake wrote, "Thank you for your support but please remove this photo right away," in reference to a pic of the star with James. "It was taken without my knowledge or consent by a man hiding. Thank you!!!!" The user later abided by Blake's request and removed the photo. In a statement to the Post, Blake's rep thanked all publications and websites willing to "cut off the supply chain to help end the stalking of children."
Zoe Saldana talks parenting in the spotlight and why superhero roles get short shrift
Blake Lively's not the only celeb being extra cautious about strangers' access to and interest in her children. Speaking to PorterEdit for the magazine's latest cover story, Zoe Saldana says she's been saying "no" when asked to pose for a selfie in public in the hopes her sons will learn some safety tips on dealing with folks they don't know. "It has been confusing to [the boys] when they see us approached for a picture; it shifts their behavior. So I talk to that person: 'I'm teaching my sons about strangers, and [taking a picture with you] will be very confusing to them,'" she explains. "The response is 100% receptive. People go, 'My God, we get it,' and walk away, knowing why I turned them down." Zoe also opened up about the down side of playing a superhero, as she has for multiple Marvel films. While she looks at them as opportunities to connect with young people in a positive way, she's frustrated that her peers thumb their nose at the caliber of the projects. "I've been in rooms with people in this industry who are great at what they do, but they're absolutely elitist and they look down at movies like the Marvel films or actors like myself. They think we're selling out in some way," she says. "Every time they speak I feel so disappointed in them, because whenever you see pictures of people in this industry who donate their time to children in need, it's these actors that live in the world that you feel is selling out. It's these actors that understand the role that they play inspires a five-year-old who has one dying wish to meet a superhero. That actor takes time out of their life and sits down with that five-year-old and says, 'I see you, I hear you, and you matter.'"
Seth Rogen will never be cast by Steven Spielberg because he got high
The dangers of hobnobbing in Hollywood … On the Thursday, April 5 edition of "The Tonight Show," Jimmy Kimmel and Seth Rogen were talking about a moment in his Netflix special "Hilarity for Charity," in which he tells Satan, "I can't be dead. There are so many things I would do differently. I would not have smoked weed with Steven Spielberg that time. He never looked at me as a serious actor again." Asked to elaborate, the proud celebri-stoner admitted that the joke was rooted in fact. "I was at a party, like, an Oscar party maybe, and I had just lit a joint," Seth explained (via the New York Post). Suddenly, Steven Spielberg started walking towards him. Knowing the director's aversion to marijuana, Seth panicked. "I was like, 'Do I stop or do I just hold it? That's weird,'" he recalled. "I just kept smoking it in Steven Spielberg's face as I saw, like, the look on his face where he's just like, 'I'm never working with this mother—— … ever.'" So far, his prediction has held. "That's why I'm not the lead of 'Ready Player One,'" he joked.
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← He thought of centre MikeWebster, who died a mangled shadow living in and out of his truck. Credit the bravery of black
But even upon getting to their hotels (the Roosevelt for the West team; the Fontainebleau for the East), the story was m →
This year, as you and the rest of football fans in Atlanta expect, the team will once again soar in victory. Coaches may
This year, as you and the rest of football fans in Atlanta expect, the team will once again soar in victory. Coaches may request challenges in situations that don't allow for them, causing more delays while the situation is sorted out. I also believe this self serving act sets a poor example for our youth who idolize these professional athletes.
He has 13 INTs since 2012, most by an NFL linebacker. The screen area for each sideline display board is 11,393 square feet. As stated, the proposition is unobjectionable. In turn, they have dreams of starting their own fashion business or line of clothes.
I know we got a good shot of making the playoffs every time we hit the field, so I'm very excited to be here.". After years of working, they ultimately obtained their target of getting to the Super Bowl. This can often lead to incarcerated minors getting shipped hundreds of miles away from home, assuming they even make it to a juvenile detention facility.
Of whether we liked it or agreed with it, we would absolutely respect our players right to express their views in this way, which is peaceful and does not disrupt our game in any way. "The way this team has developed, the way this team has pushed itself, we are a better team than we were last year," Atlanta safety Ricardo Allen says.
The sickening sight of the Melbourne Storm's Billy Slater knocked out cold after a brutal hit, and the judiciary testimony that he could not remember anything that happened in the last two weeks, was just the latest example of why we must protect the head.
Buoniconti now needs constant in home nursing care. Norv Turner can pound those bang 8 routes with Treadwell the way he used to with Michael Irvin. White had a drop before he left with an injury and ran a poor route when Glennon looked his way on a curl.
The bestselling title for the Xbox was Halo 2, with over eight million copies sold. Collective Bargaining Agreement with the Players Association has addressed player medical care in a comprehensive manner for decades. This article has been updated to clarify/correct Carroll's coaching resume and record at USC.
Sure, the true OG Miami fans still remember the highs of Dan Marino. Former super middleweight champion, celebrity trainer and New Jersey native Danny Musico saw greatness up close and personal, long before Elliott scored his first career touchdown in his NFL debut against Musico's beloved Big Blue.
The Packers navigated past their bogey side last week, and the Cowboys will also be glad to see the back of the Giants the team that beat Dallas twice in the regular season.. So he started eating fish. One of the tackles came during a series in which the Jets turned back Cleveland on downs in the fourth quarter after the Browns reached the New York 12 yard line.
In each conference, the four division winners earn home openers in the postseason and are seeded in the first four positions. "I'm on the radar, but I'm not in the position I would like to be in. We had some of it on this week Access Vikings podcast, and it felt good..
San Francisco 49ers Marquise Goodwin (11) can make a catch on a deep cheap jerseys online throw by San Francisco 49ers starting quarterback Brian Hoyer (2) against Carolina Panthers James Bradberry (24) in the first quarter of their NFL game at Levi Stadium in Santa Clara, Calif., on Sunday, September 10, 2017.
If only devising a defense to stop Irma was as easy. "I'm excited as camp approaches. Take a look at this year's game and compare it to Madden 11, you will see a major difference. Johnson had at least two sacks in a game for the fourth time in his NFL career and did it for the first time since Sept.
Sample SalariesSalaries for offensive linemen vary based on player experience, skill and the team. Court records show Thornton paid a $500 bond and http://www.pokersucellulare.com/the-investigation-began-as-a-review-of-ticketing-policies-by-the-nfl-and-several-teams-including-the-bills-new-york-je/ was back at home just after midnight.. The Ravens did however re sign both Ray Lewis and Terrell Suggs, so even if they take steps backward on this side of the ball, it will be baby steps.
At basketball jersey and shorts the high end of the PGA stratosphere, Rory McIlroy raked in more than $8 million in 2014. "And if you outside of that, they think something wrong with you." When the Lions flew to London in November 2015 to play the Chiefs, his attempt to get teammates to join him on a trip to Stonehenge was met with stony indifference.
The people aren't as clean. He also include a statement from the players of the Denver Broncos released on Friday, which concluded: may have different values and beliefs, but there one thing we all agree on: We a team and we stand together no matter how divisive some comments and issues can be, nothing should ever get in the way of that..
(Still, every bit helps given the near collapse of the Greek economy in recent years.). What you do get in the preseason is very much around individuals competing for a spot than the whole team playing at its highest. RODGERS RUNS: Rodgers ran for 42 yards, his third highest total of the season, on 10 carries.
In addition, defensive lineman Jeremiah Ratliff will be with the Chicago Bears, but he'll start the season on the NFL's suspended list. The porous line was responsible for a lot of problems last season. All of their picks will generate intrigue. These jobs typically pay a lot less than offensive and defensive coordinators.
NBA agents are certified by the National Basketball Players Association. Quarterback Philip Rivers (Athens) of the Los Angeles Chargers completed 31 of 39 passes for 331 yards with one touchdown and no interceptions in a 19 17 loss to purchase nfl jerseys the football jersey Miami Dolphins.
He was informed of an opening on the NFL's programme, which had unearthed German wide receiver Moritz Bohringer. Around half of what was served up would have been more than enough thank you, America!. 12, 2017″ > >How Kevin White career compares to other receivers drafted in 2015A broken shoulder blade has put injury prone Bears receiver Kevin White season in doubt.
My husband, Fast Eddie, who has Lance quotes stenciled on the walls of his man cave, lived out his fantasy of riding shoulder to shoulder up a hill with his man crush, chatting about kids and triathlons. basketball uniforms Cooks was one of a group of Patriots players jeered as they stood locked arm in arm next to a group of players that knelt during the national anthem Sunday.
The failures of both the defense and special teams factored into that, of course, but the league is as pass happy as ever. Before he was done at Penn State in 2006 being a coaster, he did take six years to get his degree Bobby had dominated collegiate cycling like no one before or since..
The travelling seems like the biggest issue here logistically but when you consider the journey east coast teams make when they play west coast teams (or vice versa), there really isn't a great deal of difference in traveling time. Gillislee was stopped on fourth and inches at the KC 10 and the Chiefs, looking very much like the host team, marched 90 yards in 12 plays.
A new survey suggests that player led national anthem protests, led by then 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick, were a bigger factor than many may have previously believed. While thousands of fans will hike into First Energy Stadium and brave the unpredictable Lake Erie weather, even more of those loyal to the orange and brown will seek out their favorite watering hole where they can watch the games in relative comfort with food and drink within arm's reach.
But we don't talk. The only way out for them is to set a rule that you can't kneel during our National Anthem!"And: "Ratings for NFL football are way down except before game starts, when people tune in to see whether or not our country will be disrespected!".
I get that. Football coaches lead excessively sheltered lives. After you have retrieved your playing footage, visit the CFL's official website and view the links to the teams you are interested in. Similar to other levels of football, the NFL uses an egg shaped football, but the NFL has specific rules to the size, shape and materials used for the football.
Still yet, the Tigers can't be losing home cheap hockey jerseys games to a school from the Sun Belt. The report doesn't confirm that the condition is common in all football players; it reflects high occurrence in samples at a Boston brain bank that studies CTE. Matt Flynn, Scott Tolzien and Seneca Wallace were forced to fill in while Rodgers was out in 2013.
The Phoenix in the painting is bright yellow and orange, with wings spread and a defiant look. Offensive coordinator Kyle Shanahan is San Francisco's head coach, and there are adjustment pains to new coordinator Steve Sarkisian. That what I think is the most important thing.
1, Falcons running back Devonta Freeman (concussion) is out. The move made lots of sense for the Dolphins, who are hoping Cutler will have the same kind of success as in 2015 when Miami coach Adam Gase was Chicago offensive coordinator. Brad Culpepper, a former NFL tackle for the Minnesota Vikings, Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Chicago Bears, became a Central New York favorite on "Survivor: Game Changers" when he wore a Syracuse hat throughout the reality competition.
But he has thrown 51 interceptions and fumbled 29 times, and he hasn't been impressive in preseason play.. PayScale shows that while top average salaries for designers with one to four years of experience are around $60,000, the figure increases to $75,527 for those with five to nine years of experience.
That's what we expect from DeShone Kizer.". Today, by contrast, the inept Niners are but a pesky fly the Seahawks have to swat away a couple of times a year, which they did handily on Sunday in a 38 17 rout at CenturyLink Field. WR Demaryius Thomas had 105 catches and 1,304 yards receiving in regular season to become first in team history with four straight 1,200 yard seasons.
Every team comes out rusty out of the gate, and the primary focus for the veteran starters is to get a little bit of work in and then get off the field before anyone gets injured.. If he came back to Tech, would he all of a sudden transform into a 4.3 guy? I don't think so.
Sometimes Twitter giveth and sometimes it taketh away. The Steelers escaped with a win in Cleveland, but didn't look themselves on offense. I know I wanted to mention Megatron, but that was almost another paragraph and the format would of been too long.
And during the presidential campaign, he was accused by his opponents of using his social media account to amplify anti Semitic and racist voices.. Pittsburgh Steelers vs New England Patriots Live Stream. An agent must fill out an application, pay ongoing fees, attend educational seminars and have an athlete to represent in order to be certified.
What it is to be pulled over, or profiled, or any number of issues that have happened, that Colin was referencing or any of my teammates have talked to me about," Rodgers said. She says the No. But Michael Bowie, picked 242nd overall, started 9 games, including the playoff win over the Saints.
And they still have great fan support. This year's number one pick was California quarterback Jared Goff, who won't have to move very far, after being selected by the Los Angeles Rams.. Ignore the pious cant from the league and the player union about a few bad actors staining the shield.
Just imagine a hurricane 4 or 5 ripping through a little tent, and that's what you're living in.". They will formulate a practice squad the next day, maybe scoop up another player or two as other teams make cuts, then look ahead to their Sept. We not out of the woods on some of them, but the biggest majority will be OK.
Few stadium altercations end with injuries as severe as those of Bauer, who was placed on a respirator. He was the first PSU player ever taken with the top pick in the draft. Times columnist Larry Stone after first apologizing for writing about the divorce, saying he felt "uncomfortable" doing so and noting that "I'm not at all interested in the whys and wherefores of the split" thought Wilson's superstar stature made the divorce newsworthy.
Coaches in the Arena Football League do not receive the multimillion dollar yearly salaries that NFL coaches do.. They are trying to retool the Legion of Boom defense as they attempt to trade cornerback Richard Sherman. As he walks by Diego Rivera Detroit Industry murals, a massive tribute to Motor City labor and machinery, the strapping Levy 6 foot 2 and 235 pounds, with muscles rippling through his slate gray T shirt looks as if he just stepped out of one of Rivera heroic frescoes..
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"It's kind of a balancing act, because when he was a freshman, it (would be) protected (but) he would see color flash in front of his face and he would think they weren't blocked. Teammate Danny Amendola might also see his stock rise with the expectation for more targets.
In a really bad box. The players say they are "taking a knee" to protest police brutality inordinately targeted toward African Americans. Now, just imagine me shaking hands with senior citizens at a nursing home in Iowa. As for dropping ice into your wine, it is perfectly acceptable to do it for a few seconds with a simple, everyday glass of wine, as my video demonstrates.
Concert pianists' earnings vary widely around the country, from $83,784 in New York to $25,884 in Houston as of January 2011, according to Salary Expert. The Marvel universe delivers two new, action packed, adventurous series to CTV's fall slate: the legendary comic book inspired MARVEL'S INHUMANS (Sept.
So what? He was drafted to catch passes, which is something no Giants TE has done consistently in too long to remember. But it's not all go, go, go, according to Kaska, whose clients include Kerry Washington, Karlie Kloss, Ali Larter and Pink. At that time, the "top 51″ rule begins, which means the total of the top 51 contracts for every team must be under the salary cap..
The tentative opener here in Vegas was right around Eagles minus 3.5, before the Monday night game. The middle 50 percent of the pay scale earned salaries ranging from approximately $45,500 per year to $111,700, with a reported median salary of $68,440 per year..
That's going to be ugly. Today's settlement involves only the NFL. Harrison, who was home getting a massage on his off day when the news came down about the fine (he learned of it via the crawl on ESPN), leapt off the table, apoplectic. Fans threw all sorts of things onto the field.
"You're challenging all of the small stabilizer muscles around the labrum and rotator cuff to hold the weight in position," he says. "I went back in the game!" Hogan said with a laugh. 10th against the Raiders.. The thing I've learned to enjoy most is to keep an eye on individual players who are new to the team and trying to earn a spot on the roster.
They can also encourage powerful prosecutors to support the end to harsh mandatory minimum legislation.. I think baseball opened the season http://radiointeractivo.com.mx/?p=21324 with the Red Sox in Japan.. So do the guys have a lot of fun with the fact that the punter is in so much better shape than the quarterback?.
Cluck like a chicken and take an egg from the carton if you roll the "Laying an Egg" image of a chicken laying an egg. It's also sort of a head scratcher why many of the "experts" still consider the Cardinals a playoff type team, considering they won seven games last year and don't appear to be that much better.
There had to have been people talking basketball jersey team sets in your ear saying you're crazy, you know.. A cheerleader has a large time commitment since they have to attend practices at least twice a week for three hours, cheer at all home games, and then attend any special events as required.
I had not planned to, I hadn't prepared to. And tons of successful college quarterbacks don't http://rsmtopjobs.com/?p=11085 succeed at the next level if they don't have the traits that NFL teams are looking for. The Patriots are 2 2, tied with the New York Jets and a game behind the Buffalo Bills in the AFC East.
I started chuckling. That was going to be my reward for the work I had put in and it was waiting for me at the end of the Combine, but things did not go as planned.. And Whitworth, whose other love is golf, has already offered to teach Saffold how to play.
The lawyers pointed out that both neon basketball jersey the Columbus prosecutor's office and the NFL found that Thompson was lying about a separate incident she reported July 22, when she claimed Elliott dragged her out of a car and assaulted her. As he got older, he dived into other sports.
No man or woman should ever have to choose a job that forces them to surrender their rights. Probably the rest of it is for him to answer, whatever the details are," said Harbaugh, who found out Thursday morning when Urschel called him. The Seahawks forced the 49ers to punt and a short punt by Pinion gives the Seahawks the ball in good field position at their own 42 with 4:45 remaining..
Has 14 TD catches since 2015, tied for 2nd among NFC TEs. "The bottom line is that the district court had no basis to act at all, let alone to deem procedural rulings firmly grounded in the parties' CBA fundamentally unfair," the reply brief stated.
Most significantly, their frays started to show.. "I'm proud of our guys and I'm proud of the group and the guys I get to go out there and play football with. This figure compares to Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) data from May 2010 estimating the annual mean wage of low level collegiate team staff members at $49,140, or $23.62 before taxes and benefits.
JOEY BOSA: The Chargers' rookie defensive end had a nice NFL debut with two sacks and three tackles for losses in 27 snaps. DeShone Kizer, the rookie out of Notre Dame, is the 27th starting quarterback for Cleveland since 1999. 4) was under consistent pressure.
Located less than 10 miles from Manhattan, the borough features og nba jerseys breathtaking views of the New York City skyline. 24, 2017 at New Era Field in Orchard Park, NY.John Leyba, The Denver PostDenver Broncos outside linebacker Von Miller (58) and Denver Broncos inside linebacker Brandon Marshall (54) take a knee during the national anthem during their game against the Buffalo Bills on Sept.
We just watched the Panthers trounce a highly touted Lions team in Detroit, a week after upsetting the New England Patriots in Foxboro. Question now may be will this decision spark other protests by people who decide not to come to the bar because of it, or on the flip side, will people come there because of it?.
The justices instead spelled out the Legislature options, noting that lawmakers can now vote to repeal the measure or to initiate the process that leads to a constitutional amendment to allow for ranked choice voting.. The London born powerhouse emerged as one of the most exciting prospects in the NFL last season 4 football jersey as he joined an elite club of running backs to have rushed for back to back 200 yard games, but he needs to add consistency to his repertoire this year.
Der mittlerweile 49 Jhrige trug das rot weie Nationaltrikot von 1990 bis 2002. Also what i see is that only in sports are u drafted by a team. Underneath the dotted line is the submission slip that players will fill out and hand in. Considerations The Largo Cultural Center and Tampa Bay Performing Arts Center are among arts venues in the Clearwater area.
He has the potential of being a very great batsman, but he is a terrible captain. That was good, too: The NFL, once upon a time known as the No Fun League, had relaxed its rules on celebrations. Men's team sports include basketball, baseball and golf.
A woman was shot to death in Inglewood early Thursday, police said. Yards surpassed Hall of Famer MICHAEL IRVIN (11,904) for most rec. Sunday, but Irma is forecast to threaten South Florida this weekend. In some ways disgraced in pro football circles, Carroll headed to USC in 2000.
Woodbury, aformer independent state senator from Yarmouth, said the court opinion did not apply to primary elections or to federal congressional elections, and without any action from the Legislature the law would stand in those elections. The Lions have much to be proud of they are finally out of the cellar.
Randy Gregory says he's tested positive for marijuana at the NFL scouting combine last month and that he failed two drug tests at Nebraska last year. 24, 2017. Other options include Geneo Grissom who started camp with the first team defense but has been playing recently with the second and third stringers and undrafted free agents Keionta Davis and Caleb Kidder..
To start, we appreciate your agreement on making this an immediate priority. He did this for years when he was a reality show host. In 532 AD, a chariot race related riot left thousands dead in Constantinople modern Istanbul. They traded their first round pick to the Saints for wide receiver Brandin Cooks, minimized the departure of No.
2. The Vikings have always bought into the London game experience and will be welcomed back warmly in 2017. All those times she take me to McDonald after I lost a soccer game, and now she was much more the provider. He didn't elude many defenders and was best running straight ahead..
More boos came. Petty went too far when he said: that don stand up for the anthem oughta be out of the country. Free agency was pretty much done quite a while ago. Second round pick Mackensie Alexander didn fare much better and also didn make a single start..
"Celebrities have started to take a much more holistic approach to their bodies. Right. Each game consists of four 15 minute quarters though, unlike in football, the clock is paused with every stoppage in play and so there is no added on time at the end.
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For a general football vibe, create your own mural featuring football players or a view from the field looking out over the stadium.. But the NFL Draft coming to town next week offers a new double header option. For the past year, Birk worked as an NFL NFLPA appeals officer.
Any lingering Josh Doctson injury might have the Redskins learning toward the veteran Quick.. When I was on that ride to the hospital, they were saying the media is on the main floor, so we got to take you to through the basement and then went through the basement.
Linemen, in particular, are far above average in both categories. Toggled between fullback, linebacker and tight end. "With Robert not being in there, definitely allowed them to change up their scheme," said Redskins running back Alfred Morris, who ran 115 yards on 18 carries.
And maybe someone will gaze on them and ask, with righteous indignation: dare they? ask it is to forget that America is a land of liberty and justice for some. Returned to MSU as an assistant coach and was named the Spartans recruiting intern in 2016.
This includes jerseys similar to the ones worn by professional players. Luckily for female fans, NFL, MLB, NHL, and NBA teams have begun to sit up and take notice, recognizing that women constitute a good portion of their fan bases. The bottom line is winning.
The first and second units were stout against the run in the preseason. Several athletes, including a handful of NFL players, have refused to stand during Star Spangled Banner to protest of the treatment of blacks by police. Troops who have held him captive since 2002, and was sentenced to 13 years in prison.
It tells how he managed Cutler as he only had a 5.78 yards per attempt average that day. This latest round started with Ray Rice, but it isn't merely about a need to look tough on domestic violence. CTCA serves patients from around the world at its hospitals in Atlanta, Chicago, Philadelphia, Phoenix and Tulsa.
We're just trying to prepare for the game in a short week. Coaches are paid on contract basis, much like players, and agree to a set base salary over a fixed period of time.. I thought that was really important.. This will make it easier to see at night..
"It would seem logical to start with 'well I wonder if there's an extension of the combine that we ought to look at' that could look at bringing in athletes where to buy jerseys online from elsewhere or holding a combines in some other markets. He settled in for his. The officers later died.The rare attack from within the contested site, revered by both Muslims and Jews, raised new concerns about an escalation of violence.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Nissan Qashqai +2 is like, well the Nissan Qashqai with 2 extra seats. No bonus points for guessing that one. But what the 2 extra seats in the back of the Qashqai +2 does is move the car into a different class.
The standard Nissan Qashqai is an SUV (sports utility vehicle). Once you add two extra seats at the back, it really begins to be more of an MPV (multi purpose vehicle). Which in layman's terms is a family wagon.
Do the two extra seats make or break the Qashqai? Is it any better with the extra body size and space in the rear? We spent some time with it to find out.


Global Volcanism Program, 2015. Report on Fuego (Guatemala). In: Sennert, S K (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report, 14 October-20 October 2015. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey.
INSIVUMEH reported that during 13-14 October lava fountains periodically rose 150 above Fuego's crater, producing a 300-m-long lava flow in the Santa Teresa (W) drainage. Weak explosions generated ash plumes that rose 750 m above the crater. During 16-17 October cloud cover prevented visual observations; explosions were heard and shock waves were detected. During 19-20 October ash plumes from explosions rose 550 m high. The lava flow was 500 m long.


Ever since 1976 Pierluigi Penzo and his collaborators have been producing stained glass windows, These windows have enhanced and decorated private residences, public spaces of worship in and throughout Italy and the world. The latest of these works, a reproduction of Titian's "Amore sacro e profano" 2006 (140 x 268 cm), is a collaboration with the glass master Ruggero Costantin, This piece has been exhibited in numerous galleries.
Over the years Venetian beads have been produced by using the antique method from Murano (Venice), called "a lume". This was a method that used an oil lamp in which air was blown into by way of a bellow. Nowadays, modern tools are used to create these beads. One by one the fused glass is rolled around a thin metal rod as new colors or gold/silver leaf is added.
we create one of a kind jewelry that is both luminous and unique in form.
Instead of speaking about 'glass fusion', it is more correct to use the term 'thermoforming': the layering of different types of colored glass (in our case Murano glass) combined with fragments of glass, murrine and granules of avventurina glass. These layers are positioned on a firing body or refractory stone and heated to 750° and 850°c. At this temprature the layers melt together and can form various objects such as plates, trays, pendants, frames, etc. We have been producing "vetrofusion" for many years, creating various objects such as unique costume jewelry, mirrors, etc.
We combine our interest in experimenting new techniques with our extensive Venetian glassmaking knowledge. We continue to collaborate with Venetian Glass Masters along with Umbrian and Lazian Ceramists in an original and unique creative mix. In this way our products are competitive, both in quality and price, in a continually demanding market. Our products are preferred to analogous products produced by emerging countries such as India and China.


text:
Mikałajeuka (; ) – wieś na Białorusi, w obwodzie mohylewskim, w rejonie mohylewskim, w sielsowiecie Siemukaczy.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Wsie w rejonie mohylewskim

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


LOS ANGELES, Calif. (FOX 11) – Tanya Nguyen — a victim, a survivor, a warrior — and she has the battle scars to prove it.
"I feel helpless," Nguyen told FOX 11's Gigi Graciette in an exclusive interview as tears filled her eyes.
CLICK HERE to read more. WATCH interview with Nguyen below, whose baby is due in the fall.
The following news report describes the horrifying details of the attack.
To get more information about this article, please visit FOX7AUSTIN.COM. To weigh in, leave a comment below.
The post VIDEO: Pregnant school teacher guarded her unborn child as she was stabbed 11 times in gang carjacking appeared first on DML News.


text:
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:Intro}

In recent times, the entire world is witnessing the pandemic Corona Virus Infectious Diseases (abbreviated as COVID-19) and based on the \url{worldometers.com} data, more than two hundred countries and territories are affected \footnote{\url{https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/countries-where-coronavirus-has-spread/}.  Currently (around May 2021) the second wave has attacked countries like , As of now (dated 9th May, 2021), the number of deaths due to COVID-19 are $3304113$, and the  number of confirmed cases are $158863033$}. In this situation, every country tried with their best effort to combat this pandemic. `Isolation', `Quarantine', `wearing of face mask' and `Social Distancing' are the four  keywords recommended by the \emph{World Health Organization} (henceforth mentioned as WHO) to follow for combating this spreading disease. As per the topic of our study, here we only explain the concept of `Social Distancing'. As per the WHO guidelines, the Corona virus spreads with the droplets that come out during the sneezing of an already infected person \cite{tahir2019stability}. Hence, it is advisable to always maintain a distance of $1$ meter (approximately $3$ feet) from every other person.
\par Most of the countries (including India) were under temporary lock down and all the essential facilities including shopping malls, different modes of public transport, etc. were completely closed. However, for common people to survive some essential commodities (e.g., groceries, medicines, green vegetables, milk, etc.) are essential. It is better if the state administration can facilitate these essential services among the countrymen. However, as per the WHO guidelines, it is always advisable to maintain a distance of $1$ meter from others whenever a person is out of his residence. Hence, it is an important question where to locate these facilities such that the demands of the customers can be served, and at the same time, social distancing among the people is maximized. Essentially, this is a facility location problem along with an additional measure `social distancing'.
\par The study of the \emph{Facility Location} problem  goes back to the $17$-th century and at that time this problem was referred to as the \emph{Fermat-Weber Problem} \footnote{\url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_median}}. This problem deals with selecting the location for placement of the facilities to best meet the demanded constraints of the customers \cite{owen1998strategic}. Since its inception due to practical applications, this problem has been well studied from different points of view including algorithmic \cite{hassin2020approximability}, computational geometry \cite{bespamyatnikh2000optimal}, the uncertainty of user demands \cite{marinakis2016hybrid}, etc. However, to the best of our knowledge, the concept of social distancing is yet to be formalized mathematically, and also the facility location problem has not been studied yet with social distancing as a measure. It has been predicted that the third wave of COVID-19 is most likely to hit India sometime at the end of November or early December this year \footnote{ \url{https://www.indiatoday.in/coronavirus-outbreak/story/india-third-wave-of-covid-19-vaccine-prevention-1799504-2021-05-06} }. Hence, it is important to study the facility location problem considering social distancing as an important criterion.
\par In this paper, we study the problem of facility location under the social distancing criteria. The input to the problem is a road network (also known as graph) of a city where the nodes are small residential zone, edges are the streets connecting the zones. Additionally, we have how many different kinds of facilities are there and in which number they will be opened, population and demand of different kinds of facilities of every zone. The goal of this problem is locate the facilities in such a way that the basic amenities can be distributed to the people and the social distancing (mathematical abstraction is deferred until Section \ref{Sec:POM}) is maximized. In particular we make the contributions in this paper.
\begin{itemize}
    \item We mathematically formalize the notion of `social distancing' and integrate it into the facility location problem. We formally call our problem as the \textsc{Social Distancing-Based Facility Location} Problem.
    \item We propose an optimization model for this problem which is a quadratic binary integer program.
    \item We propose two different approaches for solving the optimization problem. The first one is a simulation-based approach, and the other one is a heuristic solution.
    \item The proposed solution methodologies have been analyzed for time and space requirements.
    \item Finally, the proposed methodologies have been implemented with synthetic datasets and perform a comparative study between the proposed methodologies.
\end{itemize}
The remaining part of this paper is organized as follows: Section \ref{Sec:RW} presents some relevant studies from the literature. Section \ref{Sec:POM} describes our system's model, quantification of the `social distancing', and introduce the \textsc{Social Distancing-Based Facility Location Problem}. Section \ref{Sec:MMF} describes the mathematical model of our problem. In Section \ref{Sec:Solu_Appo}, we propose one simulation-based approach and a heuristic solution approach for solving this problem. Section \ref{Sec:EE} contains the experimental evaluation, and finally, Section \ref{Sec:CFD} concludes our study.

\section{Related Work} \label{Sec:RW}
The problem of facility location was initially originated from the operations research community \cite{hassin1991improved} and has been investigated by researchers from other communities as well including  computational geometry \cite{bespamyatnikh2000optimal}, graph theory \cite{tamir2001k}, Management Sciences \cite{ross1977modeling}, Algorithm Design \cite{hassin2020approximability}, Geographical Information Systems \cite{miller1996gis} and many more. Also, this problem has been studied in different settings such as Uncapasitated \cite{krishnaswamy2016inapproximability}, Capasited \cite{tran2017hypergraph}, Multistage \cite{biajoli2019biased}, Hierarchical \cite{helber2016hierarchical}, Stochastic Demand \cite{marinakis2016hybrid}, Unreliable Links \cite{narayanaswamy2018facility}, Under Disruptions \cite{afify2019evolutionary} and their different combinations \cite{ortiz2018multi}. The problem has got applications in different domains of society including health care \cite{ahmadi2017survey}, defense \cite{lessin2018bilevel}, etc. However, to the best of our knowledge, there does not exist any literature that studies the facility location problem considering the social distancing as a measure.
\par The variant of facility location introduced and studied in this paper comes under the facility location under disruption. There exists an extensive set of literature in this context. Recently, Afify et al.  \cite{afify2019evolutionary} studied the reliable facility location problem under disruption, which is the improvisation of the well-studied Reliable $p$-Median Problem \cite{mladenovic2007p} and Reliable Uncapacitated Facility Location Problem. They developed an evolutionary learning technique to near-optimally solve these problems. Yahyaei and Bozorgi-Amiri \cite{yahyaei2019robust} studied the problem of relief logistics network design under interval uncertainty and the risk of facility disruption. They developed a mixed-integer linear programming model for this problem and a robust optimization methodology to solve this. Akbari et al. \cite{akbari2017tri} presented a new tri-level facility location (also known as $r$-interdiction median model) model and proposed four hybrid meta-heuristics solution methodologies for solving the model. Rohaninejad et al. \cite{rohaninejad2018accelerated} studied a multi-echelon reliable capacitated facility location problem and proposed an accelerated \emph{Benders Decomposition} Algorithm for solving this problem. Li and Zhang \cite{li2018sample} studied the supply chain network design problem under facility disruption. To solve this problem they proposed a sample average approximation algorithm. Azizi \cite{azizi2019managing} studied the problem of managing facility disruption in a hub-and-spoke network. They formulated mixed-integer quadratic program for this problem which can be linearized without significantly increasing the number of variables. For larger problem instances, they developed three efficient particle swarm optimization-based metaheuristics which incorporate efficient solution representation, short-term memory, and special crossover operator. Recently, there are several other studies in this direction \cite{hatefi2014robust}, \cite{fotuhi2017reliable}. As mentioned previously, there is an extensive set of literature on facility location problems on different disruption, and hence, it is not possible to review all of them. Look into \cite{snyder2016or}, \cite{ivanov2017literature} for a recent survey.
\par To the best of our knowledge, the problem of facility location has not been studied under the theme of social distancing, though this is the need of the hour. Hence, in this paper, we study the facility location problem with the social distancing criteria.
\section{Preliminaries and the System's Model} \label{Sec:POM}
In this section, we present the background and formalize the concept of social distancing. The input to our problem is the road network of a city represented by a simple, finite, and undirected graph $G(V,E,W)$. Here, the vertex set $V(G)=\{v_1, v_2, \ldots, v_n\}$ represents the small residential zones, the edge set $E(G)=\{e_1, e_2, \ldots, e_m\}$ denotes the links among the residential zones. $W$ denotes the edge weight function that maps the distance of the corresponding street, i.e., $W:E(G) \longrightarrow \mathbb{R}^{+}$. We use standard graph-theoretic notations and terminologies from \cite{west2001introduction}. For any zone $v_j \in V(G)$, $N_{< d}(v_j)$ denotes the set of neighbors of $v_j$ within the distance $d$. We denote the number of nodes and edges of $G$ by $n$ and $m$, respectively. Additionally, we have the following information. For each $v_j \in V(G)$, $P(v_j)$ denotes the people residing at zone $v_j$. In the rest of the paper, we use the term `zone' and `node', interchangeably.  Let, $\mathcal{H}=\{h_1, h_2, \ldots, h_k\}$ denotes the $k$ different kinds of  facilities (say, $h_1 \equiv \text{ `groceries' }$, $h_2 \equiv \text{ `medicine' }$ and so on) need to be opened. For every zone $v_j \in V(G)$ and every kind of facility $h_i \in \mathcal{H}$, we know the corresponding demand $\mathcal{D}_{v_j}(h_i)$. Hence, the total demand for the facility $h_i$ is $\mathcal{D}(h_i)=\underset{v_j \in V(G)}{\sum} \mathcal{D}_{v_j}(h_i)$.

\paragraph{\textbf{Social Distancing}} Now, we formally explain the meaning of the term `social distancing' and express it as a mathematical expression. Suppose, a facility $h_i \in \mathcal{H}$ is opened for a particular duration $[t_1,t_2]$ in a day at the zone $v_j \in V(G)$.  Let, $k^{t}_{i,j}$ denotes the number of people in the queue before this facility at time $t \in [t_1,t_2]$. From the geographical location, it is possible to determine the maximum number of people that can be present in the queue by maintaining WHO recommended distance to each other. For the zone $v_j \in V(G)$ and facility $h_i \in \mathcal{H}$, this number is denoted as $\gamma_{i,j}$. If the number of people in the queue is within the threshold then the social distancing should be maximum and when it crosses the threshold the social distancing factor decreases linearly or exponentially depending upon the number of people. We denote the social distancing function by $S()$. The following equation mentions this.

\[
S(k^{t}_{i,j}) =
\begin{cases}
\text{positive constant,} & \text{if } k^{t}_{i,j} < \gamma_{i,j} \\
\text{decreases linearly or exponentially,} & \gamma_{i,j} \leq k^{t}_{i,j} < 2 \cdot \gamma_{i,j} \\
\text{decreases linearly or exponentially,} &  k^{t}_{i,j} \geq 2 \cdot \gamma_{i,j}
\end{cases}
\]

Once $k^{t}_{ij} > \gamma_{i,j}$, the value of social distancing function decreases in two ways: linearly and exponentially, which is described below.

\begin{enumerate}
    \item \textbf{Linear Social Distance Factor}: Here, $S(.)$ decreases linearly with the increasing value current number of people in the queue  at a particular facility of certain zone. We model this using Equation \ref{Eq:Linear}.
   \begin{equation} \label{Eq:Linear}
 S(k^{t}_{i,j}) = A - b*max\{k^{t}_{i,j} - \gamma_{i,j}, 0\}, \ \text{ where } A \text{ and } b \text{ are positive constant}.
  \end{equation}

    \item \textbf{Exponential Social Distance Factor}: Here, the $S(.)$ decreases exponentially with the linear increment of the current queue strength at a particular facility of certain zone. We model this using Equation \ref{Eq:Exponential}.
  \begin{equation} \label{Eq:Exponential}
 S(k^{t}_{i,j}) = A - b \cdot [\gamma_{i,j} + exp (k^{t}_{i,j}-2 \cdot \gamma_{i,j})^{\frac{1}{4}}], \ \text{ where } A > 1
  \end{equation}
\end{enumerate}

The goal of the social distancing-based facility location problem is to assign facilities in the zones such that the total value of the social distancing function is maximized. Formally, we present this problem as follows.
\begin{center}
\begin{tcolorbox}[title=\textsc{Social Distancing-Based Facility Location Problem}, width=12cm]
\textbf{Input:} The road network $G(V,E,W)$, Population at each zone $v_j \in V(G)$; i.e.; $P(v_i)$, Types of facilities $\mathcal{H}=\{h_1, h_2, \ldots, h_k\}$, Number of facilities of each type to be open; i.e.; $\{ \ell_{1}, \ell_{2}, \ldots, \ell_{k}\}$, and their corresponding demand in each zone $v_j$; i.e.; $\{ \mathcal{D}_{v_j}(h_1), \mathcal{D}_{v_j}(h_2), \ldots, \mathcal{D}_{v_j}(h_k) \}$ for all $v_j \in V(G)$.
\vspace{0.2 cm}
\\
\textbf{Problem:} Place maximum number of facilities to be opened of each type such that total social distancing is maximized.
\end{tcolorbox}
\end{center}
Here, we note that each $\ell_{i} << n$. Symbols and notations used in this study are given in Table \ref{tab:Symbols}.

\begin{table}
\centering
  \caption{Symbols with their interpretation}
  \label{tab:Symbols}
  \begin{tabular}{||c|c||}
    \toprule
    Symbol & Interpretation \\
    \midrule
    $G(V,E,W)$ & The road network under consideration \\
    $V(G), E(G)$ & Residential zones and road segments joining them \\
    $W$ & Edge weight function\\
    $N_{<d}(v_j)$ & Neighbors of the zone $v_j$ within distance $d$ \\
    $d_{max}$ & Maximum  degree of a node in $G$\\
   $P(v_j)$ & Population at the zone $v_j$\\
   $P_{max}$ & Maximum population of a zone in $V(G)$\\
   $P$ & Total population of all zones of $V(G)$\\
   $\mathcal{H}$ & Set of different kinds of facilities\\
   $k$ & Number of different kinds of facilities; i.e.; $|\mathcal{H}|=k$\\
   $\ell_{i}$ & Number of facilities opened of type $h_i$\\
   $\ell_{max}$ & Maximum number of facilities among all types\\
   $[t_1,t_2]$ & Operation time window of the facilities \\
   $\Delta$ & The difference between $t_2$ and $t_1$ \\
   $k^{t}_{i,j}$ & Number of people in the queue at $v_j \in V(G)$, $h_i \in \mathcal{H}$, and $t \in [t_1,t_2]$ \\
   $\gamma_{i,j}$ & Queue strength of the facility $h_i \in \mathcal{H}$ at $v_j \in V(G)$\\
   $S(.)$ & The social distancing function \\
   $\mathcal{D}_{v_j}(h_i)$ & Demand of facility type $h_i$ at zone $v_j$ \\
   \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\section{Mathematical Model Formulation} \label{Sec:MMF}
Now, we formulate a mathematical model of our problem. First, we define the decision variables involved in our formulation.

\[
    x_{i,j}=
\begin{cases}
    1,& \text{if the facility of type } h_i \text{ is opened } \text{ at zone } v_j\\
    0,              & \text{otherwise}
\end{cases}
\]

\[
    y^{t}_{i,j,p}=
\begin{cases}
    1,& \text{if the person } p \text{ visits the facility of type } h_i \text{ at zone } v_j \text{ at time } t \\
    0,              & \text{otherwise}
\end{cases}
\]
 Given the decision variables, total social distancing can be given by the following equation.
 \begin{equation} \label{EQ:SOCIAL_DISTANCING}
 F= \underset{h_i \in \mathcal{H}}{\sum} \ \underset{v_j \in V(G)}{\sum} \   x_{i,j} \large{(} \ \underset{t \in [t_1, t_2]}{\sum} \ \underset{p \in P(v_j)}{\sum} S(k^{t}_{i,j}) \ y^{t}_{i,j,p}  \large{)}
\end{equation}
In Equation \ref{EQ:SOCIAL_DISTANCING}, four summations are involved. The first one is to sum up for all the facilities. Similarly, the second one is to sum up for all the nodes. Next, one is used to sum up for all distinct time stamps within the operated time interval. Finally, the last one is for all the people of a node. The goal is to maximize the function mentioned in Equation \ref{EQ:SOCIAL_DISTANCING} subject to certain constraints. Now, we present the mathematical model, and next, we describe the meaning of each constraint.
\begin{mdframed}[frametitle={Maximizing Social Distancing}, style=MyFrame]
	\begin{center}
		$max \   \underset{h_i \in \mathcal{H}}{\sum} \ \underset{v_j \in V(G)}{\sum} \   x_{i,j} \large{(} \ \underset{t \in [t_1, t_2]}{\sum} \ \underset{p \in P(v_j)}{\sum} S(k^{t}_{i,j}) \ y^{t}_{i,j,p}  \large{)} $
	\end{center}

	subject to,
	\vspace{-1 cm}
	\begin{center}
		\begin{equation} \label{cons:1}
		\underset{v_j \in V(G)}{\sum} x_{i,j} \leq \ell_{i}, \ \ \forall h_i \in \mathcal{H}
		\end{equation}
		\begin{equation}  \label{cons:2}
		\sum  {\bm{y}^{:}_{i,j,p}}^{T}  \ \bm{Y}^{:}_{i,:,p} = 1,  \ \ \forall p \in \underset{v_{k} \in V(G)}{\cup} P(v_{k}), \ \ \forall v_j \in V(G), \ \ \forall h_i \in \mathcal{H}
		\end{equation}
		\begin{equation} \label{cons:3}
		\underset{t \in [t_1, t_2]}{\sum} \ \underset{v_k \in \{v_j\} \cup  N_{<d}(v_j)}{\sum} y^{t}_{i,k,p} \geq 1,  \forall h_i \in \mathcal{H}, \forall v_j \in V(G), \forall p \in P(v_j)
		\end{equation}

		\begin{equation} \label{cons:4}
		\begin{split}
		y^{t}_{i,j,p}	(\underset{t^{'} \in [t_1, t_2]}{\sum}  y^{t^{'}}_{i,k,p}) \{ t - \underset{t^{'} \in [t_1, t_2]}{\sum}  y^{t^{'}}_{i,k,p} {t^{'}}  \}  \le 0, & \ \forall h_i \in \mathcal{H}, \ \forall (j,k) \in E(G), \\
		& \forall p \in P(v_j), \ \forall t \in [t_1, t_2]
		\end{split}
		\end{equation}

		\begin{equation} \label{cons:5}
		x_{i,j} \in \{0,1\}, \ \ \forall h_i \in \mathcal{H}, \ \ \forall v_j \in V(G)
		\end{equation}
		\begin{equation} \label{cons:6}
		y^{t}_{i,j,p} \in \{0,1\}, \ \ \forall h_i \in \mathcal{H}, \ \ \forall v_j \in V(G), \ \ \forall t \in [t_1, t_2], \ \ \forall p \in \underset{v_{k} \in V(G)}{\cup} P(v_{k})
		\end{equation}
	\end{center}
\end{mdframed}
The first constraint in Inequation \ref{cons:1} enforces that the total number of open facilities of a particular type $h_i$ should not be more than its allowance (which is $\ell_{i}$). All the remaining constraints are on $y^{t}_{i,j,p}$. The assumption is a person can visit a facility location at once. Then, he or she can wait there for a certain period for being served or visit the nearest neighboring facility location to get the service. Now, the quantification of the continuous time domain is done in such a way that $y^{t}_{i,j,p}$ can be one, only once for the entire duration of $[t_1, t_2]$. Another physical condition implies that one person can not be in two different facility locations at the same time. Both the scenarios are capture in the second constraint described in Inequation \ref{cons:2}. Here, $\bm{Y}^{:}_{i,:,p}$ is the matrix of shape total duration by the number of facility locations denoting the presence of a person $p$ at any location in the entire time duration to avail $h_i$-type facility, and $\bm{y}^{:}_{i,j,p}$ is the one hot vector of the matrix $\bm{Y}^{:}_{i,:,p}$, which describes the presence at the particular location $v_j$. Now, the next constraint in Inequation \ref{cons:3} implies that the people should be served either at the location where they stay (e.g. $v_j$), or any nearby locations (e.g. $N_{<d}(v_j)$) within certain vicinity. The next constraint in Equation \ref{cons:4} tells that if an arbitrary person $p$ visits the locations at $v_j$ and $v_{k} \in N_{< d}(v_j)$ to avail the facility type $h_i$ then he first visits the place where he stays, then the neighboring ones. Finally, Inequation \ref{cons:5} and \ref{cons:6} tells that the decision variables $x_{ij}$ and $y_{ijp}^{t}$, for all $h_i \in \mathcal{H}$, $v_j \in V(G)$, $t \in [t_1, t_2]$ take binary values.
\vspace{0.2 cm}
\\
\textbf{\underline{Note}}: Observe that in this study we do not consider the cost of the facilities which is quite natural in case of traditional facility location problems \cite{owen1998strategic}. This is due to the following reason. During the lock down period, a significant population are jobless, and hence government is providing the basic amenities free of cost. This is our assumption as mentioned in Section \ref{Sec:Intro}. We also assume that there is no dearth of supply.
\section{Proposed Solution Approaches} \label{Sec:Solu_Appo}
As the facility location problem is \textsf{NP-Hard}, finding the optimal solution for our problem is also computationally intractable. Hence, we propose two different approaches to solve our problem. The first one is the simulation-based approach and the second one is a heuristic algorithm. It is important to note that none of these methods produces an optimal solution.
\subsection{Simulation-Based Approach}  \label{Sec:Simulation}
A simulation-based approach has been adopted to obtain a solution for the developed model. Demand is generated for the people from all the nodes. As mentioned previously, a facility of type $h_{i}$ can have at most $\ell_{i}$ many ($\ell_i < < n$). People of a node get the service of a facility  from the same node if it is available there, otherwise move to the neighbor  node where a service facility is opened. People's arrival to the service facility follows \emph{Poisson Distribution} and service time follows \emph{Exponential Distribution} \cite{asmussen2008applied}. People get service based on the first come first serve basis. We have simulated these features of how people are arriving and getting the service and during this process how social distance is being maintained based on the number of people in the queue at a given time. People from several nodes may come and form a queue based on the arrival time and get the service based on first come first serve (FCFS) basis. Due to the space limitations we do not discuss anything related to the queuing theory and can be found at \cite{asmussen2008applied}.

\begin{algorithm}[h]
\SetAlgoLined
\KwData{Underlying Road Network $G(V, E, W)$, Population and Respective Demand of Every Zone, Number of Different Types of Facilities, Number of facilities of each type}
\KwResult{Location of Different Facilities}
 $Simulation\_Run \longleftarrow 0$\;
 \While{$Simulation\_Run$ \text{ not reached }}{
  \textbf{Step 1}: For every type of facility (say $h_i$) the allowed number of them ( say $\ell_{i}$)are opened randomly\;
  \textbf{Step 2}: Arrival time of peoples of all the nodes are generated based on the predefined arrival rate.\;
   \textbf{Step 3}: For each node, where facility is not opened, the nearest open facility is found based on the least distance.\;
   \textbf{Step 4}: For a node $v_j$, the people of of this zone and those who are assigned to this facility, their arrival times are sorted and queue is formed.

   \textbf{Step 5}: Service times are generated for the nodes where a given type of service facility is opened using the exponential distribution of service time.\;
   \textbf{Step 6}: Based on the arrival time and service time, number of people in queue is derived. \;
  \textbf{Step 7}: Social distance is calculated at each queue and summed up.\;
  \textbf{Step 8}: $Simulation\_Run$ is incremented by $1$; i.e.; $Simulation\_Run=Simulation\_Run +1$ \;
 }
 \textbf{Step 9}: Among all the simulation runs corresponding locations of the maximum is returned for locating the facilities.\;
 \caption{Pseudo Code for the Simulation-Based Approach}
 \label{Algo:1}
\end{algorithm}

\par Now, the arrival time of people of all the nodes is generated based on the predefined arrival rate. It is implemented based on the inter-arrival time using poisson distribution which is reciprocal of arrival rate. Next, for each node, where the facility is not opened, the nearby open facility is found based on the least distance. Arrival time for all the people in a given and its nearby nodes are sorted. Service times are generated for the nodes where a given type of service facility is opened using the exponential distribution. Social distance is calculated at each open node using Equation \ref{EQ:SOCIAL_DISTANCING}. This process is repeated for a defined number of simulation runs. Finally, the locations corresponding to the maximum value of the social distancing function are returned as a solution. This process is shown in the form of pseudo code in Algorithm \ref{Algo:1}.

\par Now, we analyze Algorithm \ref{Algo:1} to understand its time and space requirement. Let, $\mathcal{R}$ denotes the number of simulation runs. Let, the number of different facilities are $k$ and $\ell_{max}$ denotes the maximum number of facilities among all types. Now, it is easy to observe that the running time of Step 1 is of $\mathcal{O}(k \cdot \ell_{max})$. Let, $P(v_i)$ denotes the number of people of at node $v_i$ and $P$ denotes the number of people in all the nodes in $G$; i.e.; $P=\underset{v_i \in V(G)}{\sum} P(v_i)$. As, for a people generating the arrival time requires $\mathcal{O}(1)$ time, hence, time requirement of Step $2$ requires $\mathcal{O}(P)$ time. The number of nodes where the facility is not opened will be greater than equals to $(n-\ell_{max})$ and in the worst case it will be of $\mathcal{O}(n)$. Let $d_{max}$ denotes the maximum possible degree of a node in $G$; $d_{max} = \underset{v \in V(G)}{argmax} \ deg(v)$. For each node without facility to choose the nearest facility requires $\mathcal{O}(d_{max})$. So, for all the nodes and all types of facilities required computational time is of $\mathcal{O}(n \cdot k \cdot d_{max})$. This implies that the execution of Step $3$ requires $\mathcal{O}(n \cdot k \cdot d_{max})$ time. Let, $P_{max}$ denotes the maximum number of people residing at any zone, hence, $P_{max}=\underset{v \in V(G)}{argmax} \ P(v)$. As, in any facility the people of its neighbors may come, and hence, the total number of people in any facility is of $\mathcal{O}((d_{max}+1)P_{max})$. Sorting this people based on the arrival time will require $\mathcal{O}((d_{max} \cdot P_{max} +P_{max}) \log (d_{max} \cdot P_{max} +P_{max}))$ time. This implies that the execution of Step $4$ requires $\mathcal{O}((d_{max} \cdot P_{max} +P_{max}) \log (d_{max} \cdot P_{max} +P_{max}))$ time. Assuming that the generating service time requires $\mathcal{O}(1)$, executing Step $5$ requires $\mathcal{O}(k \cdot \ell_{max})$ time. For a single queue, calculating the number of people in it requires $\mathcal{O}(1)$ time. Hence, executing Step $6$ requires $\mathcal{O}(k \cdot (d_{max}+1)\cdot P_{max})$.

Assume that $t_2-t_1=\Delta$. Hence, from the objective function it is easy to follow that computing the social distancing requires $\mathcal{O}(n \cdot k \cdot \Delta \cdot P_{max})$ time. If in each iteration of the \texttt{while} loop, we update the maximum value of the social distancing and the corresponding location of the facilities of different types then after the last iteration we obtain the solution of the proposed simulation approach. This requires $\mathcal{O}(k \cdot \ell_{max})$ time. So, the total time required by the simulation procedure is of $\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{R}(k \cdot \ell_{max} + P + n \cdot k \cdot d_{max} + (d_{max} \cdot P_{max} +P_{max}) \log (d_{max} \cdot P_{max} +P_{max})+ k \cdot \ell_{max}+ k \cdot (d_{max}+1)\cdot P_{max} + n \cdot k \cdot \Delta \cdot P_{max} + k \cdot \ell_{max}))$. This reduces to $\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{R}(k \cdot \ell_{max} + P + n \cdot k \cdot d_{max} + (d_{max} \cdot P_{max} +P_{max}) \log (d_{max} \cdot P_{max} +P_{max}) + k \cdot d_{max} \cdot P_{max} + n \cdot k \cdot \Delta \cdot P_{max}))$. Additional space required by the proposed simulation approach is to store the arrival time of the people which is of $\mathcal{O}(n \cdot P_{max})$, service time of the queues which is of $\mathcal{O}(k \cdot \ell_{max})$, location the facilities which is of $\mathcal{O}(k \cdot \ell_{max})$, social distancing function value at each queue which is of $\mathcal{O}(k \cdot \ell_{max})$. So, the total space requirement is of $\mathcal{O} (n \cdot P_{max} + k \cdot \ell_{max})$. Hence, Theorem \ref{Th:1} holds.

\begin{mytheorem} \label{Th:1}
The running time and space requirement of the proposed simulation-based approach is of $\mathcal{O}(\mathcal{R}(k \cdot \ell_{max} + P + n \cdot k \cdot d_{max} + (d_{max} \cdot P_{max} +P_{max}) \log (d_{max} \cdot P_{max} +P_{max}) + k \cdot d_{max} \cdot P_{max} + n \cdot k \cdot \Delta \cdot P_{max}))$ and $\mathcal{O} (n \cdot P_{max} + k \cdot \ell_{max})$, respectively.
\end{mytheorem}
\subsection{Heuristic Solution}
In this section, we propose a heuristic solution to solve our problem. First, we describe the working principle, and subsequently, we present it as a step-by-step procedure. As a first step, we sort all the nodes based on demand in descending order. Based on this heuristic for any type of facility $h_i \in \mathcal{H}$, $\ell_{i}$ many facilities will be placed  at the top demand zones. Now, it allocates the people to the facility in the following way: For the high demand locations the people of that zones are allocated to the same zone, and subsequently, we allocate the people of other zone in the reverse order such that the entire population of $V(G)$ is distributed as uniformly as possible.. Without loss of generality, assume that after sorting the nodes based on the demand, the order of the nodes are $\rho=<v_1, v_2, \ldots, v_n>$. For any zone $v_j \in \{v_1, v_2, \ldots, v_i\}$, the people of zone $v_i$ are allocated to the facility at the same zone. Now, $v_{i+1}$ is allocated to $v_i$, $v_{i+2}$ is allocated to $v_{i-1}$, and $v_{2i}$ to $v_{1}$. Similarly, $v_{2i+1}$ is allocated to $v_2$, $v_{2i+2}$ is allocated to $v_3$ and so on. Next from Step $2$ to  Step $7$ of Algorithm \ref{Algo:1} is executed. Pseudo code is given in Algorithm \ref{Algo:2}.

\begin{algorithm}[h]
\SetAlgoLined
\KwData{Underlying Road Network $\mathcal{G}(\mathcal{V}, \mathcal{E})$, Population and Respective Demand of Every Zone, Number of Different Types of Facilities, Number of facilities of each type}
\KwResult{Location of Different Facilities}

  \textbf{Step 1}: All the nodes of the network are sorted based on the demand of the nodes\;
  \textbf{Step 2}: People of nodes are allocated in the facilities as described.\;
  \textbf{Step 3}:Execute Step $2$ to Step $7$ of Algorithm \ref{Algo:1}.\;

 \caption{Pseudo code for the Heuristic Algorithm}
 \label{Algo:2}
\end{algorithm}

Now, we analyze Algorithm \ref{Algo:2} to understand its time and space requirement. Sorting of the nodes based on the demand requires $\mathcal{O}(n \log n)$ time. It is easy to observe that the allocation of the facilities requires $\mathcal{O}(n)$ time. As described in Section \ref{Sec:Simulation}, the total execution time from Steps $2$ to $7$ is of $\mathcal{O}(P+ n \cdot k \cdot d_{max} + (d_{max} \cdot P_{max} +P_{max}) \log (d_{max} \cdot P_{max} +P_{max})+ k \cdot \ell_{max} + k \cdot d_{max} \cdot P_{max} + n \cdot k \cdot \Delta \cdot P_{max})$ time. Hence, total time requirement of Algorithm \ref{Algo:2} is of $\mathcal{O}(n \log n + P + n \cdot k \cdot d_{max} + (d_{max} \cdot P_{max} +P_{max}) \log (d_{max} \cdot P_{max} +P_{max})+ k \cdot \ell_{max} + k \cdot d_{max} \cdot P_{max} + n \cdot k \cdot \Delta \cdot P_{max})$. It is easy to observe that the space requirement of Algorithm \ref{Algo:2} is same as Algorithm \ref{Algo:1} which is of $\mathcal{O} (n \cdot P_{max} + k \cdot \ell_{max})$. Hence, Theorem \ref{Th:2} holds.

\begin{mytheorem} \label{Th:2}
The running time and space requirement of the proposed heuristic approach is of $\mathcal{O}(n \log n + P + n \cdot k \cdot d_{max} + (d_{max} \cdot P_{max} +P_{max}) \log (d_{max} \cdot P_{max} +P_{max})+ k \cdot \ell_{max} + k \cdot d_{max} \cdot P_{max} + n \cdot k \cdot \Delta \cdot P_{max})$ and $\mathcal{O} (n \cdot P_{max} + k \cdot \ell_{max})$, respectively.
\end{mytheorem}

\section{Experimental Evaluation} \label{Sec:EE}
In this section, we describe the experimental evaluation of the proposed methodology. Initially, we start by describing the datasets.
\subsection{Dataset Description} As it is difficult to find datasets that contains all the required information in this study, hence we create some synthetic datasets. We perform our experiments with two different kinds of networks topology:
\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Complete Network}: In this kind of network, every vertex is connected to every other vertex of the network. It is easy to observe that an undirected complete network with $n$ vertices will have $\frac{n(n-1)}{2}$ edges.
\item \textbf{Rectangular Grid Network}: A rectangular grid network $G(V,E)$ of size $n \times n$ is defined with the vertex set  $V(G)=[n] \times [n]=\{1, 2, \ldots, n\} \times \{1, 2, \ldots, n\}$  and two vertices $(i,j)$ and $(i^{'},j^{'})$ will be connected by an edge if both $|i-i^{'}| \leq 1$ and $|j-j^{'}| \leq 1$.  Many real-world road networks are of grid structure \cite{miyagawa2009optimal,watanabe2010study}.
\end{itemize}
For the ease of understanding, we show a demo diagram of complete and grid network in Figure \ref{Fig:Dataset}.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.8]{Dataset.pdf}
\caption{Figure of a Complete and Grid Network of size $n=6$ and $n=6 \times 6$, respectively.}
\label{Fig:Dataset}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Experimental Setup}
In this section, we describe the experimental setup. Several parameters are there, whose value needs to be set. Here, we describe them one by one.
\begin{itemize}
    \item \textbf{Network Size}: As mentioned, we use networks of two different kinds, namely complete and grid. For complete network, we use $n=60$ and $n=100$. On the other hand for the grid network we consider $n=60 \times 60$ and $n=100 \times 100$.
    \item \textbf{Population at Each Zone}: This has been chosen uniformly at random from the interval $[1000,2000]$ for each zone.
    \item \textbf{Demand}: For simplicity, we consider the uniform and demand for all the people.
    \item \textbf{Parameters Related to Queuing Theory}: We consider the inter arrival time and service time are $1$ min and $0.7$ min, respectively.
    \item \textbf{Parameters in the Social Distancing Function}: As mentioned previously, there are three parameters in the social distancing function. They are $\gamma_{i,j}, A, \text{ and } b$. In this study, we consider $\gamma_{i,j}=4$ for all $h_i \in \mathcal{H}$ and $v_j \in V(G)$, $A=10$, and $b=0.5$.
\end{itemize}
We implement our both solution approaches in MATLAB (Version MATLAB 9.0 R2016a) and all the simulation codes and the synthetic datasets can be found at \url{https://github.com/BITHIKA1992/Facility_location_Covid19}.
\subsection{Experimental Results}
Now, we discuss the experimental results. Our goal here is to study the impact of number of facilities on social distancing and average queue length.

\paragraph{\textbf{Impact on the Social Distancing}}  Here, we discuss a comparative study of two different solution methodologies on social distancing. Figure \ref{Fig:Social_Distancing} shows the plots for the number of opened facilities vs. social distancing for both kinds of network topologies with two different network sizes. From the figure, it has been observed that for a fixed network size when the number of opened facilities increases, social distancing also increases. As an example For a complete network with $100$ nodes, when the number of opened facilities is $20$, the value of social distancing due to the allocation of facilities by the heuristic method is $2.4 \times 10^{6}$. When the number of opened facilities are increased to $60$, the value of social distancing also increased to $7.9 \times 10^{6}$.
\par The impact of algorithms on social distancing can also be observed from Figure \ref{Fig:Social_Distancing}. We can conclude that when the number of opened facilities is more, it does not matter which algorithm is used to locate facilities the value of social distancing will not change much. However, if the number of opened facilities is much less, the location suggested by the heuristic approach leads to more value of the social distancing. As an example, in case of the $100 \times 100$ rectangular  grid network when the number of opened facilities is $20$, the value of social distancing function due to facility placement by simulation-based approach and heuristic approach is $2.08 \times 10^{6}$ and $2.29 \times 10^{6}$, respectively. Hence, the difference is approximately $210000$.

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ c c }
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{com_60_sd.pdf} & \includegraphics[scale=0.34]{com_100_sd.pdf} \\
(a) Complete Network ($n=60$ ) & (b) Complete Network ($n=100$)\\
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{grd_60_sd.pdf} & \includegraphics[scale=0.4]{grd_100_sd.pdf} \\
(a) Grid Network ($n=60 \times 60$) & (b) Grid Network ($n=100 \times 100$) \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{Impact of the number of opened facilities on Social Distancing for Complete and Grid Network for two different sizes.}
\label{Fig:Social_Distancing}
\end{figure}

\paragraph{\textbf{Impact on Average Queue Length}} Now, we discuss the impact of the number of opened facilities on the average queue length. Figure \ref{Fig:Avg_Queue_Length} shows the number of opened facilities vs. average queue length plots for both kinds of networks for two different sizes. From the figure, it has been observed that as the number of opened facilities increases naturally, the average queue length decreases. As an example, for a complete network with $60$ nodes when the number of opened facilities is $20$, the average queue length is $2.58$ by the simulation-based approach. However, when it is increased to $40$ the average queue length drops down to $0.68$. It is important to observe that between the two proposed methodologies, the locations selected by the heuristic approach for placing the facilities lead to less average queue length. As an example, for a grid network of size $60 \times 60$ when the number of opened facilities is $20$, the the average queue length due to simulation-based and heuristic approach is $2.98$ and $1.56$, respectively.

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ c c }
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{com_60_aql} & \includegraphics[scale=0.34]{com_100_aql} \\
(a) Complete Network ($n=60$ ) & (b) Complete Network ($n=100$)\\
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{grd_60_aql} & \includegraphics[scale=0.4]{grd_100_aql} \\
(a) Grid Network ($n=60 \times 60$) & (b) Grid Network ($n=100 \time 100$) \\
\end{tabular}
\caption{Impact of the number of opened facilities on Average Queue Length for Complete and Grid Network for two different sizes.}
\label{Fig:Avg_Queue_Length}
\end{figure}

From the experiments, we can observe that the allocation of facilities by the heuristic approach leads to lesser queue length and consequently more value of social distancing. This is due to the fact that the heuristic approach tries to assign the people to the facilities in such a way that their loads are balanced. Due to this reason, the social distancing achieved by the heuristic solution is more.
\section{Concluding Remarks} \label{Sec:CFD}
In this paper, we have studied the problem of the Social Distancing-Based Facility Location Problem and proposed two solution methodologies. The first one is a simulation-based approach and the second one is a heuristic solution. From the experiments with synthetic datasets, we observe that the heuristic solution leads to the allocation of facilities causing more social distancing. Our study can be extended in several directions. One can consider more realistic scenarios like unknown demand, supply constraint, and many more. We can also extend our study for competitive situation where there will be more than one agency for providing the facilities of each type and their goal is to maximize their profit at the same time the social distancing needs to be maintained.

 \bibliographystyle{splncs04}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Spend your days in Ravello taking in the views of the sparkling Mediterranean below, wandering through perfectly manicured gardens. Villa Rufolo's garden is said to have inspired Wagner's opera, Parsifal, which you can hear in the town's opulent opera houses. If you want to explore the mountains there are opportunities for hiking and mountain biking, or you could head down to the coast for golden sandy beaches. Hire a car and explore the other towns in the area, including picturesque Amalfi or the spa town of Ischia.
Luxury holidays in Ravello bring you a serene and tranquil atmosphere with beautiful surroundings. Emerald green mountains provide a backdrop to the town, while to the front you can take in views of the glittering Mediterranean Sea. The town itself is mostly pedestrianised and is home to winding narrow streets where you can stumble across excellent restaurants, bars and cafés, as well as little ceramic shops housing the work of some of Italy's most celebrated designers. For a sense of history, the main square is home to an 11th Century Cathedral, as well as pizzerias and shops.
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If it's world-class views you're after, then walk to the viewpoint on the hairpin corner of Via Giovanni Boccaccio and Via della Repubblica. This is one of the best views in Italy – a wide-angle vista that takes in the sheer green hills of the Amalfi Coast and the pastel villages huddled below.
To pair that view with a quintessential Ravello garden, then pop next door to Villa Rufolo. Its gardens are a tiered masterpiece of symmetrical flower beds, Renaissance-style sculptures and pond-side trellises, all backed by cinematic sea views.
Transfer time from Naples airport to Ravello is approximately 1 hour 40 minutes.
Any time from April through to October is a fantastic time to visit Ravello. The summer months are when temperatures are at their highest, reaching highs of around 30 degrees. Early or late summer is when temperatures drop slightly, though you will find it still pleasant enough to enjoy an aperitivo outside. If you do decide on the summer months, from June to September, Ravello hosts its annual music festival.


text:
Updated: Israeli Soldiers Kill Ten Palestinians, Injure 36, In Gaza
17:15 Aug 5 2022 Gaza (غزة): Gaza City (غَزَّة), Khan Younis (خان يونس), Rafah (رَفَح)
Property, Infrastructure, Services, Taxes:Disrupted, served, seized or destroyed IDF, PA, or Hamas uses lethal force against civilians Military Assault on Confined Civilian Population Collective Punishment
Scenes in Gaza, including Ala' Abdullah Qaddoum and other children wounded killed by Israeli bombing. Published by IMEMC New
Update from the Palestinians Center For Human Rights (PCHR):
At approximately 16:15 on Friday, the Israeli army fired missiles into the fifth and sixth floors of Burj Falasteen (Palestine Tower) in the center of Gaza city and assassinated a senior leader of the Islamic Jihad, Mahmoud Mohammad al-Ja'bari, 52.
The Palestine Tower consists of thirteen floors and consists of many government offices and media centers.
The bombing also caused damage to many surrounding buildings, stores, and commercial facilities.
Minutes later, the army fired many missiles into the Sheja'eyya neighborhood, east of Gaza, killing three Palestinians, including two civilians, Yousef Salman Mohammad Qaddoum, 24, Ala' Abdullah Riyad Qaddoum, 5, and Emad Abdul-Rahim Ibrahim Shallah, 52.
The Israeli missiles also killed Ahmad Mazen Mahmoud Azzam, 25, in the Zeitoun neighborhood, one of the largest and most densely populated areas in Gaza city.
The Health Ministry in Gaza has confirmed that the Israeli missiles and shells injured 36 Palestinians, including five children and four women.
At approximately 16:20, the Israeli army fired an artillery shell that struck the home of Adnan Atiya al-Amour, killing his daughter Donyana Mohammad al-Amour, 22.
The Israeli missiles also killed Mohammad Ahmad Nasrallah, 25, and injured his daughter in addition to two other Palestinians east of Beit Hanoun, in the northern part of the Gaza Strip.
At approximately 16:25, an Israeli drone fired missiles into an area west of Khan Younis, in the southern part of the Gaza Strip, killing Fadel Mohammad Zo'rob, 30, and Mohammad Hasan al-Bayok, 35, in addition to wounding seven other Palestinians, including two children. The attacks also caused damage to a Palestinian ambulance.
At approximately 16:50, two Palestinians, including one child, were injured after the Israeli army bombed the al-Brazil neighborhood, south of Rafah, in the southern part of the Gaza Strip.
The army also carried out at least ten airstrikes targeting resistance centers and many residential neighborhoods in Rafah, causing excessive damage.
The Palestinians Center For Human Rights (PCHR) said its field researchers and teams are still documenting and validating the latest incidents and casualties, adding that the Israeli offensive could take a long time, as stated by Israeli military leaders and government officials.
The PCHR condemned the Israeli offensive, the extrajudicial assassinations, and the constant targeting of Palestinian civilians in violation of International Humanitarian Law and all related international treaties.
The slain Palestinians are:
Emad Abdul-Rahim Shallah, 52.
Yousef Salman Qaddoum, 24.
Ala' Abdullah Qaddoum, 5.
Taiseer Mahmoud al-Ja'bari, 50.
Salama Mohareb 'Aabed, 41.
Donyana Adnan Atiya al-Amour, 22.
Mohammad Ahmad Abdul-Fattah al-Madhoun, 26.
Fadel Mustafa Zo'rob, 30.
Mohammad Hasan al-Bayok, 35.
Mohammad Ahmad Nasrallah (al-Madhoun), 26.
Updated From:
Israeli Soldiers Kill Ten Palestinian In Gaza
Aug 5, 2022, at 23:21
On Friday, the Palestinian Health Ministry confirmed that Israeli soldiers killed ten Palestinians, including a child, injured at least fifty-five after the army fired missiles into the Gaza Strip, and assassinated the head of the armed wing of the Al-Quds Brigades of the Islamic Jihad.
The Health Ministry said among the slain Palestinians are a child, only five years of age, and one woman, and added that at least fifty-five Palestinians were injured.
The child, Ala' Abdullah Qaddoum, 5, was playing in front of her family's home in the Rimal neighborhood in the center of Gaza city when the army fired missiles targeting The Borj Falasteen (Palestine Tower) building.
Her grandfather, Riyad Qaddoum, said Ala' was just about to start kindergarten, happy with her new clothes, school bag, and supplies.
"Why, why did they have to kill her? Why did they have to bomb a civilian area and kill this innocent child," he said, "Where is the world from all of this? Where are those who talk about human rights and protection for the civilian population…".
The offensive on Gaza started when the army assassinated Tayseer al-Ja'bari, the leader of the Al-Quds Brigades, after firing missiles at his office in Gaza city.
The army also carried out several airstrikes and artillery shelling targeting many areas in Gaza city, especially the Sheikh Ejleen area that was hit with at least fifteen Israeli missiles, in addition to Khan Younis and Rafah, in the southern part of the Gaza Strip, and several areas in northern Gaza.
The offensive is still ongoing; some of the slain Palestinians are members of armed resistance groups in the Gaza Strip.
Palestinian factions in Gaza vowed retaliation and fired dozens of shells into many areas in the southern part of the country.
According to Israeli sources, rocket sirens sounded in most southern and central areas, including Tel Aviv.
Israeli Defense Minister, Benny Gantz, said that he approved the deployment of 25.000 reservists according to what he called "operation needs," an issue that indicates an upcoming larger offensive on the Gaza Strip.
A senior military official claimed the strikes on Gaza "targeted Islamic jihad fighters," and alleged that the group is preparing for an attack against Israel."
https://imemc.org/article/israeli-soldiers-kill-ten-palestinian-in-gaza/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Yunis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafah
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_City
Gaza City
Mohammad al-Ja'bari, 52, senior Islamic Jihad leader, reported assassinated 8/5/2022
Khan Younis
Rafah
Israel Continues Attacks in Gaza, Killing at least 7
Gaza City, Rafa, Khan Yunis, and other locations in Gaza, 0.9 Kms
Israeli forces open fire on Palestinian fishermen, level lands in Gaza
Gaza, 1.28 Kms
Israeli Navy Ships Attack Palestinian Fishing Boats In Rafah
06:00 Feb 03, 2015
Gaza's territorial waters, and agricultural lands east of Al-Maghazi, 1.74 Kms
8 Palestinians killed ahead of Gaza aid truce
Rafa, Khan Younis, Deir al-Balah, Gaza City, 2.01 Kms
Army Fires Missiles Into Gaza
near Deir al-Balah and west of Khan Younis, 2.39 Kms


text:
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"AKA gave me a voice when no one could hear me. They gave me the strength and motivation to find my past and heal the present. They have opened the secrets and lies and gave power to the truth. We ALL matter (birth parents, adoptees, adoptive parents) We can learn from each other in an open healthy safe environment. Together we are the woven triangle of love."
-Karen Roebuck Howrey, birth parent & adoptee in reunion
"Most birth parents deal with such a high level of judgment, it was wonderful to finally find a place of true acceptance at AKA."
"Being in the presence of adoptive parents who really wanted to hear what we thought started our own healing process."
"AKA provided a roadmap through the search and reunion part of my life … hearing the educational programs, getting the support from others helped me each step of the way."
From Adoptive Parents
"My heart is filled with gratitude to every volunteer educational speaker, every adoptee, every birth parent and every adoptive parent whose courage in sharing their stories at AKA has provided the knowledge I've needed to better manage my own. I've learned to be a more empathetic, more attuned parent with skills developed as a result of advice and information I may never have known existed. AKA blends the best evidence based science from leading experts with the power of peer-based, practical, firsthand experience to create a greater awareness of and appreciation for the ongoing and tender complexities adoption entails. AKA is a personal connection with real, sometimes critical resources to help at every turn, and friends who understand why it's challenging. The sense of unity that being part of a true community brings is invaluable to us. I owe you all a debt I can only repay by continuing to share your wisdom with my daughter, honoring and respecting her truth, and supporting her with love from every side of her family. Thank you to all the donors who make this forum possible! We are a stronger family because of you!"
-Dawn Williamson Scott, adoptive parent
"We were overwhelmed with questions and fears when we started exploring adoption. The people at AKA helped us sort through the short- and long-term issues involved."
"We've relied on the people, books and tapes offered by AKA to help us handle what each new stage brings in raising our child through adoption."
"Hearing adult adopted people and birth parents talk has changed my life – helping me feel not so frightened, just more prepared for the future and more validated as a parent."
From Professionals
"The world of adoption is in dire need of education, we have leagues to go, both in working with triad memebers and our community at large."
"Each time I attend an AKA meeting, I'm wishing my colleagues were also gaining the awareness of just how profound these issues are for each party touhced by adoption."
"I learned more in one day at your conference than in five years of social work experience."
Join AKA
Since 1992, AKA has offered essential knowledge and lifelong support recognizing adoption as a complex, on-going and intergenerational process. We serve people touched by adoption in all its variations – infant, open, closed, domestic, international, transracial and kinship. We need your help in reaching our fundraising goals. Please contribute to our Annual Fund Drive!
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Adoption Knowledge Affiliates
512-553-AKA0 (2520)
aka@adoptionknowledge.org
All meetings are held at the Settlement Home
1607 Colony Creek Dr, Bldg. B,
Austin, TX 78758 (map)
Copyright © 2018 Adoption Knowledge Affiliiates. All rights reserved.


"Animal as in Strombinae. Operculum small, ovate, not serrate. Shell fusiform or subfusiform, spire usually alavated."
Kronenberg & Burger 2002 included Mauryna in Rostellariidae which is not followed here (at the moment), here it is included in Seraphidae as done by Wenz 1938. There has been a revision of the genus Mauryna by *Savazzi 1988 (only abstract), a reference that is not included in the discussion, since it is not available to me at the moment.
"The new name Tibiidae is used by us instead of Rostellariidae in view of the priority of the name Tibia Bolten in R�ding, 1798 over Rostellaria Lamarck, 1799."