text:
3 Keys to Starting Over After a Loss Later in Life
By Julia Hubbel • May 18, 2020 • Mindset
A few years ago, I spoke to a lively group of women that had been started by my friend Joan Rogliano, a divorced realtor living in Colorado. The Wildflower Group had been formed out of a need for an organization to tend to the needs of recently-widowed and divorced women.
My topic was on networking, and how to manage our way through life's larger transitions. Few transitions though are larger than a late-in-life divorce or being widowed. Divorce rates among Baby Boomers have boomed, up 109% in recent years.
It's hard enough to go through a loss, harder still to survive economically, and for many of us, even harder to find new love again as we age.
Wildflower has bloomed, so to speak, if for no other reason than there is such a need for what Joan provides. As so many people opt for divorce, the need for a support system and a great group of gals to help us hang tough has also risen.
Too many women feel lonely and isolated, so groups like Joan's, and online groups like Sixty and Me, provide the social connection that people crave, especially as they move through big seismic shifts in their situations.
Now What Do I Do?
For so many, late-in-life divorce or widowhood comes as a complete shock. For women like my mother, who became a widow in her 80s, my father's compulsion to control everything was costly.
By that time, she had no idea how to manage her finances, what she had in the bank, or how to protect herself financially. As a result, when a family member wanted money, she wrote a check for $24,000.
That had been the last existing investment she had to support herself outside Social Security. I had to take her checkbook away, or she'd have given him that money as well.
For my mother, and many women like her, finding herself alone that late in life was both freeing and terrifying. Dad's death had been expected, but she had functioned in a state of denial for years. Suddenly, she had huge responsibilities she had no clue how to manage.
I moved back to Denver from Spokane to help out. Not all of us have kids who will do that. Organizations like Wildflowers and Sixty and Me have evolved to provide the safety net. They provide sisterhood and succor we all need to get back on our feet and thriving again.
But What About Love?
For many of us, the end of a relationship is a door opening. Especially if our partners haven't been good for us, it's a chance to start over. Here are some keys to that process at any age:
Allow Yourself to Experience the Ending
The Ending, which could be a death or divorce, causes a great deal of change. Each entails a loss: loss of identity (I'm no longer Mrs. Johnson, now who am I?), possible loss of property or access to kids or grandchildren, a loss of a circle of friends.
Each element needs to be acknowledged, honored, and mourned.
As a society, we aren't adept at ritualizing and respecting large life passages. When we take the time to look deeply into those things that are passing, thank them for what they brought us, and bury them in a ceremony, we state that we are indeed moving on. Our hearts and minds find closure.
Move into the Neutral Zone
After the ending, you'll move into the Neutral Zone, a time of in-between. For many, this is exquisitely uncomfortable. It's supposed to be. In that discomfort, we have a choice. We can feel sorry for ourselves, or we can build interim scaffolding.
That's when we reach out, network, connect, create brand new friends, and try brand new things. This time of in-between can be the single most exciting time of our lives.
It takes courage, but by experimenting with new activities, getting out and getting engaged, not only do we heal but we also build a new life.
Experience A New Beginning
Eventually, we will reach a point where we have a New Beginning. It might sneak up on us, it might be glaringly obvious. Each of us responds differently.
Whether we experiment with online dating, start a brand-new bridge club, or learn to ride a Harley at 75, it makes no difference. We're evolving into who we were always meant to be.
My mother fell in love not long after my father died with a long-time family friend. She was as giddy as a schoolgirl. It was a great highlight of her last years. There's no guarantee it will happen for all of us.
However, we create a better chance for the River of Life to deliver something magical onto our shores when we take the time to process our losses with respect, patience, and the time necessary to honor our feelings.
That opens the door to endless possibilities, as we clean house, so to speak, to make room for something new to happen.
A great resource for moving through many of life's shifts is a book called, Transitions: Making Sense of Life's Changes by Dr. William Bridges. It's the one gift I give all my friends when they are facing tough times, and it is a terrific primer for how to make the best out of what can be a terrifying time.
Have you lost someone late in life? How did you move through your process towards a new you? What can you share about how you managed so that the rest of us can best embrace the inevitable changes that aging brings? Please share your insights for the benefit of the community.
Reinventing Yourself
Julia Hubbel
Julia Hubbel is a prize-winning author, journalist, international business and women's conference speaker and international adventure traveler. Her work teaches people how to erase the impossible and redefine their boundaries. As a sales and leadership trainer, her work focuses on success skills and finding the courage to be your best. Visit her website here https://www.walkaboutsaga.com/
Embrace the Power of Reframing to Get More from Life After 60
A Recipe for Radically Reinventing Yourself in Midlife
It Happens to All of Us, But Most of Us Don't Plan for It
Over 60? Here's How to Deal with the Feeling that Time is Running Out
5 Reasons Nordic Pole Walking is Amazing for Older Women


This ever so easy dish is great as an appetizer, light lunch when served with a salad, or as a full meal when tossed together with linguini and some freshly shaved Romano cheese.
Over medium-low heat melt butter in a large skillet, add sage leaves and garlic and cook until leaves are lightly crisped and butter is beginning to brown, about 3 minutes. Remove sage leaves and reserve.
Increase heat to medium-high and immediately add BRÜ mustard and shrimp. Stir together and cook until shrimp are no longer translucent, about 5 minutes.
Add sage back to pan. Toss to combine and serve with warm baguette.


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text:
Rain Expected Today
Observer News Service | April 7, 2013
SRINAGAR: Light rain may occur at one or two places Monday in the Kashmir valley, where the minimum temperature was above normal on Sunday.
A Met department spokesman said here Sunday afternoon that light rain may occur at one or two places over Jammu and Kashmir during the next 24 hours.
There would be no large change during subsequent two days, he said.
Gulmarg recorded 1.5 degrees Celsius minimum temperature, a notch warmer than yesterday.
At Pahalgam the night temperature was 2.6 degrees, two notches more than yesterday. With the melting of snow on upper reaches, the water level in the Lidder river has increased, much to the delight of tourists who had come from different parts of the country and abroad.
The met spokesman said the sky will be generally cloudy tomorrow, when the minimum and maximum temperature will drop slightly in the capital, Srinagar.
He said at Leh it was 1.6 degree and border town of Kargil in Ladakh region minus 0.8 degree.
The sky would be generally cloudy on Monday at Leh, he added.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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3/12/19 at 11:00 p.m. PDT
Watch Our Top 20 Updates Video
Our top 20 updates, a video summarizing all the updates we've made to the Animal Crossing: Pocket Camp game, is now live!
You can watch it at the link below.
Scrapbook-style, you can see all the different features and events we've added...all the way through version 2.2.0!
Note: The video is available in English and Japanese.
Supported OS: iOS, AndroidCountry Availability
Nintendo Privacy Policy
privacy certified
Internet connectivity required to play; data charges may apply.
Apple and the Apple logo are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. App Store is a service mark of Apple Inc.
© 2017 Nintendo. Animal Crossing
is a trademark of Nintendo.


text:
By: Hannah Jo Uy
ClimateControlMe.com
North America generally does not shy away from participating in the dialogue on sustainability, with a number of well-known organisations, certification bodies and manufacturers paving the way for initiatives that promote greater energy efficiency within the built environment, not only across the continent but worldwide.
James K. Walters, Vice President, International Affairs, Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI), in identifying trends across North America, states that the work of standardisation bodies in this regard and the uptake of programmes, such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) have helped moved the dial towards a more integrated approach in addressing building requirements. "We are supportive of climate change mitigation efforts," Walters states. "We are supportive of rational energy-efficiency standards and of approaching them holistically."
Mahesh Ramanujam, President and CEO, United States Green Building Council (USBC), believes that the trend towards more efficient buildings will persist, despite the viewpoint of incumbent powers, emphasising that policy decisions are no longer the sole driver impacting the progress of "Green". As many as "88 of the Fortune 100 companies have mandated LEED as their global Green Building rating system," he says. "It is a market-driven tool and a voluntary management tool – it's not regulation." Ramanujam says this extends to government organisations, with 400 municipalities, 32 states and 15 federal agencies in the United States mandating and recommending LEED as a best guideline and practice protocol. "This means two decades worth of change management that has happened, globally," he says. "It has been integrated as part of the core strategy. Sustainability is no longer about being a nice thing to do."
Giorgio Elia, Vice President, UTC CCS Middle East, shares the company's history with LEED in this regard. "Carrier was the first company to join the U.S. Green Building Council in 1993," Elia says, "and is the only company to be a founding member of Green Building councils on four continents, including in Argentina, China, France, India, Kuwait, Singapore and South Africa." Carrier in the Middle East, he adds, is licensed as an Education Partner to train in the LEED curriculum and has trained more than 500 people in the region. Carrier's Middle East headquarters in the UAE, he adds, is certified LEED Gold, while Carrier Saudi Arabia's Jeddah office is certified LEED Platinum.
Providing a manufacturer's perspective, Saad Ali, General Manager – Middle East and Africa, SPX Cooling Technologies, says LEED certification is frequently a goal of designers of many North American buildings. He says: "Energy savings is a key driver for many companies, as well, so power consumption is declining. The impact of that will be evident in the next couple of years. Changes in government policies could impact these initiatives with fewer energy credits and subsidy programs available to companies for producing energy-efficient products for the market. But I think overall support for energy-efficient products will continue."
Regulations no longer seem to be a pre-requisite to encourage uptake and investment in energy-efficient technology, as James L. Connaughton, President and CEO, Nautilus Data Technologies, says. As an "ardent practitioner of free market environmentalism", he believes a better product will always win out in the end. Connaughton, however, believes while government policy is not needed to encourage acceptance and investment of better products and solutions, it can play a role in hindering its advancement. This, he says, can happen by taking too long to permit more efficient and environmentally friendly technologies [to enter the market] and subsidising inefficient competitors. "That," he says, "would not be helpful because government is providing our competitors with the economic advantage to improve their facilities." Connaughton adds that while energy-efficiency standards are helpful in driving consumers and investors, they tend to work in favour of the incumbent. Thus, he says, they have to be designed appropriately so they can drive faster investment in economically beneficial outcomes and accomplish its objectives.
Ali says that while the rollback of some EPA clean energy rules by the current administration has caused headlines, it hasn't deterred companies that develop HVAC products from continuing to pursue new technologies. "The recent paradigm shift in lighting serves as an example," he says. "The introduction of LEDs as replacements for traditional incandescent light bulbs met with some consumer resistance. New technologies are often more expensive until they gain traction and acceptance."
Kit Fransen, Director, Product Management, North America, Tecumseh, adds: "It's no secret that there has been a shift in how buildings operate, as well as how people live and work in them. The sustainability movement is becoming more mainstream every day and plenty of manufacturers, including Tecumseh, look to reduce their overall environmental footprint, because it is shown to be profitable and drives innovation." LEED and Green Globes, he says, are just a few programmes that were niche but now have become standard place in most building designs "as you can see with the continued integration of their requirements into ASHRAE or other international standards". Fransen adds: "To meet these needs, manufacturers and end-users are now making investments with natural refrigerants such as hydrocarbons that require significant investment to operate equipment efficiently and safely. Before LEED or other 'Green Building' type standards, most people did not connect the dots regarding how much time we spend in commercial and industrial facilities that can impact our health as well as the world around us." Ramanujam adds: "In the United States, Republicans and Democrats have disagreements on climate change and 'Green', but our growth was strong [even] during the Republican presidency. I'm hoping in the current trend we will grow more. Why? Because it provoked individual engagement, and that is what we are looking for." LEED, he says, is about taking responsibility and accountability in saying "I want to go further and beyond". Ramanujam says: "We don't want somebody to tell us a regulation. We are going to do it, because we believe in it and we are going to push the envelope further. In a subtle way, it's a good thing for the market, because people are going to do something about it."
The market does, indeed, seem to be doing something about it, with manufacturers reporting an uptake in consumers showing more willingness to invest in a more efficient technology.
Ali emphasises that technological advancements owing to countries' efforts to reduce reliance on petrochemicals inevitably cascades to other industries, especially HVAC, which, he stresses, is a high priority for building owners, given that it consumes as much as 70% of energy in commercial buildings. "Every consumer is looking for efficient HVAC units, with the best coefficient of performance and the least energy cost," he says. "While environmental impact may not be their first consideration, some consumers want to balance energy efficiency with sustainability. Consumers are protected to some degree by regulations that restrict the use of refrigerants that damage the environment and so they know that available products must comply with a range of environmental standards."
Robert Presser, Vice President, Acme Engineering and GlobeOwl Solutions, also says that he has seen more focus being placed on high-efficiency motors and VAV fans. "Twenty-five years ago, people will look at an air-handling unit and ask, 'How many cfns?' Now they look at an AHU and ask, 'What is my cost to operate this?' More than the acquisition, stakeholders are looking at life-cycle and operation." This, he says, comes from building owners paying more attention, as there would be no incentive to choose such products unless otherwise specified.
Rakesh Saxena, President, Trimac Inc., says there has been an increasing demand for proper sealing of ductwork from building owners and mechanical HVAC construction engineers in North America. The current ASHRAE standard No. 90.1, he says, notes the impact of duct leakage on energy consumption and IAQ. "ASHRAE standards require a duct to be sealed to the Sheet Metal and Air-Conditioning Contractors' National Association's Seal Class A regardless of pressure," he says. "This means that all seams, except spiral lock seams, joints and penetration in medium- and low-pressure, return and exhaust ductwork must be properly sealed."
Speaking on increasing emphasis for energy efficient equipment in new build specifications, Dean Wood, Sales and Marketing Manager, Envira- North Systems, says HVLS fans are a common inclusion in all commercial, industrial and institutional buildings. "More than anything local regulations and cost savings drive designs and purchasing decisions," he says, adding that the company's products have gone from a "possible inclusion to an integral component of most specifications".
Stuart Engel, International Business Development, Fresh-Aire UV, says that owing to greater emphasis on energy conversation there has been an uptake in using UV to irradiate the cooling coils in HVAC applications. "Design engineers have realised that by including UV to irradiate cooling coils the end-user can benefit from the fact that the coils will remain clean and not become blocked by biofilm growing," he says.
Walter Ellis, Executive Vice President and General Manager, RGF Environmental Group, echoes this. "Studies show the correlation of continuous UV treatment of coil surfaces to prevent microbial fouling of the coils," he says, "and how this technology,in turn, reduces the associated loss of heat transfer efficiency due to the bio-fouled coils. As well as energy-recovery systems specific for fresh air makeup systems. These are primarily focused on industrial and commercial markets, with some more progressive adoption in the consumer market." Engel says, "Depending on the cost of electricity, installing UV on cooling coils can save between 15 and 25% of the annual HVAC energy cost and virtually eliminate having to manually clean the coils. Payback time for installing UV will depend in part on the cost of power, annual operating and cooling hours and will normally be between two and 11 months."
Sean Holloway, National Sales Manager HVACR, RectorSeal LLC, says the company continues to see greater emphasis towards energy efficiency across North America, in particular, for variable-speed compressors for residential applications, variable refrigerant flow (VRF) technology for commercial applications, and mini-split applications for both residential and light-commercial applications. The company, he says, is aiming to address the demand by helping contractors with accessories to encourage building and homeowners to opt for mini-split and VRF/VRV systems. "More and more individuals," he says, "are willing to pay more up front, for higher efficiency equipment in order to use less energy, and have less negative impact on the environment in the long run."
Fransen says that while the past decade has seen Energy Star, LEED, and other programmes push for lower energy use intensity (EUI) in all building types, reduction in energy use for commercial refrigeration has only begun "due to the tackling of "low-hanging fruit" in energy consumption such as lights, HVAC, and process loads." This, however, is beginning to change. "Recent governmental regulations, such as requirements for walk-in coolers and freezers from the US Department of Energy with a mandated performance level of Annual Walk-In Energy Factor (AWEF) is just the first of many requirements where energy performance will become more regulated in the commercial refrigeration market place," he says. "Technologies, such as variable-speed components, including fans and compressors, in addition to control strategies such as floating head pressure control will become more common in refrigeration system design." Fransen adds that in staying abreast with upcoming standards to develop new products surrounding mandated and voluntary programmes, Tecumseh sees variable speed compressors and systems as well as low-GWP refrigerants transitioning over to the commercial market "once energy standards and regulations become more prevalent across the globe".
Another key trend Walters identifies in North America is the growing move towards the use of air conditioning and water heating equipment that are connected and able to talk to the grid and electricity supplier, relative to adjusting supply with demand. "It's not an on-and-off switch," he says. Fransen echoes this, adding that the Internet of Things (IoT) and connected devices are quickly changing the way consumers use products, and that the company sees a similar trend in the commercial refrigeration market. "More and more components are connected, which helps end-users with a variety of different tasks, to simplify their work," he says. "Regarding refrigeration components, some examples could be a means to show diagnostics for quick servicing or a web-based predictive analysis tool that would show when components in a system may potentially fail based on specific parameters."
Presser adds that LEED certification also plays a role in this. "When you choose to get LEED certification for a building," he says, "you incorporate a lot of intelligent energy controls." However, he says, no one is dictating the backbone communication architecture to be used, whether it is an HVACR standard or an industry open standard. Presser says that the adoption of LEED certification will promote greater building intelligence and technology, but that the industry still has a long way to go.
The industry, Presser says, is currently promoting a standard that does not interface with technologies coming into buildings and devices and that he sees a move towards an international standard of communication in the HVACR space. "My feeling," he says, "is that eventually product developers are going to take a look at the HVACR space and come with an open standard product that will ensure lower cost and ease of connectivity, which will displace proprietary technologies. You also have to realise you have a huge installed space, the opportunity will be when you look at existing buildings and you want to add intelligence. Who will win?"
Ali says that being one of the biggest retrofit markets, North America may be a little ahead of the rest of the world, in terms of planning for maintenance. "Along with new development and construction, there is a lot of renovation, where older buildings are updated and using the latest technologies," he says. "Predictive maintenance comes into play here. You may have a LEED-certified building equipped with the latest equipment with IoT technology to communicate building conditions 24/7. Without careful monitoring, regular inspection and diligent maintenance, the initial energy efficiency will decline dramatically over the next five years."
Maintenance, Ali stresses, is an essential component to successful energy management. He adds that though North America is a huge continent with diverse climates and with each state having its own mindset, regulations, capabilities and budget to maintain infrastructure, building owners are more or less aware of the important role that maintenance plays in ensuring a healthier environment, better indoor air quality and better, energy- efficient buildings. "If you are a building manager or owner of commercial real estate," he says, "that would be in your mindset in order to compete in the marketplace."
Ali adds that building owners and equipment suppliers need to work together to conduct energy audits and implement ongoing maintenance programmes. "Right now," he says, "follow up is often lacking, whether it's in North America, Asia or in the Middle East."
While HVACR manufacturers in North America navigate the demands of the local market, most operate in a largely international market and grapple with the changing winds of an increasingly globalised and inter-connected consumer base.
Hannah Jo Uy is Assistant Editor at Climate Control Middle East magazine. She may be contacted at hannah@cpi-industry.com


text:
#include "config.h"

#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifdef WITH_BROKER
#  include "mosquitto_broker_internal.h"
#endif

#include "mosquitto.h"
#include "logging_mosq.h"
#include "memory_mosq.h"
#include "messages_mosq.h"
#include "mqtt_protocol.h"
#include "net_mosq.h"
#include "packet_mosq.h"
#include "read_handle.h"
#include "send_mosq.h"
#include "util_mosq.h"

int handle__pubackcomp(struct mosquitto *mosq, const char *type)
{
	uint8_t reason_code = 0;
	uint16_t mid;
	int rc;
	mosquitto_property *properties = NULL;
	int qos;

	assert(mosq);

	if(mosquitto__get_state(mosq) != mosq_cs_active){
		return MOSQ_ERR_PROTOCOL;
	}
	if(mosq->protocol != mosq_p_mqtt31){
		if((mosq->in_packet.command&0x0F) != 0x00){
			return MOSQ_ERR_MALFORMED_PACKET;
		}
	}

	pthread_mutex_lock(&mosq->msgs_out.mutex);
	util__increment_send_quota(mosq);
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&mosq->msgs_out.mutex);

	rc = packet__read_uint16(&mosq->in_packet, &mid);
	if(rc) return rc;
	if(type[3] == 'A'){ /* pubAck or pubComp */
		if(mosq->in_packet.command != CMD_PUBACK){
			return MOSQ_ERR_MALFORMED_PACKET;
		}
		qos = 1;
	}else{
		if(mosq->in_packet.command != CMD_PUBCOMP){
			return MOSQ_ERR_MALFORMED_PACKET;
		}
		qos = 2;
	}
	if(mid == 0){
		return MOSQ_ERR_PROTOCOL;
	}

	if(mosq->protocol == mosq_p_mqtt5 && mosq->in_packet.remaining_length > 2){
		rc = packet__read_byte(&mosq->in_packet, &reason_code);
		if(rc){
			return rc;
		}

		if(mosq->in_packet.remaining_length > 3){
			rc = property__read_all(CMD_PUBACK, &mosq->in_packet, &properties);
			if(rc) return rc;
		}
		if(type[3] == 'A'){ /* pubAck or pubComp */
			if(reason_code != MQTT_RC_SUCCESS
					&& reason_code != MQTT_RC_NO_MATCHING_SUBSCRIBERS
					&& reason_code != MQTT_RC_UNSPECIFIED
					&& reason_code != MQTT_RC_IMPLEMENTATION_SPECIFIC
					&& reason_code != MQTT_RC_NOT_AUTHORIZED
					&& reason_code != MQTT_RC_TOPIC_NAME_INVALID
					&& reason_code != MQTT_RC_PACKET_ID_IN_USE
					&& reason_code != MQTT_RC_QUOTA_EXCEEDED
					&& reason_code != MQTT_RC_PAYLOAD_FORMAT_INVALID
					){

				return MOSQ_ERR_PROTOCOL;
			}
		}else{
			if(reason_code != MQTT_RC_SUCCESS
					&& reason_code != MQTT_RC_PACKET_ID_NOT_FOUND
					){

				return MOSQ_ERR_PROTOCOL;
			}
		}
	}
	if(mosq->in_packet.pos < mosq->in_packet.remaining_length){
#ifdef WITH_BROKER
		mosquitto_property_free_all(&properties);
#endif
		return MOSQ_ERR_MALFORMED_PACKET;
	}

#ifdef WITH_BROKER
	log__printf(NULL, MOSQ_LOG_DEBUG, "Received %s from %s (Mid: %d, RC:%d)", type, SAFE_PRINT(mosq->id), mid, reason_code);

	/* Immediately free, we don't do anything with Reason String or User Property at the moment */
	mosquitto_property_free_all(&properties);

	rc = db__message_delete_outgoing(mosq, mid, mosq_ms_wait_for_pubcomp, qos);
	if(rc == MOSQ_ERR_NOT_FOUND){
		log__printf(mosq, MOSQ_LOG_WARNING, "Warning: Received %s from %s for an unknown packet identifier %d.", type, SAFE_PRINT(mosq->id), mid);
		return MOSQ_ERR_SUCCESS;
	}else{
		return rc;
	}
#else
	log__printf(mosq, MOSQ_LOG_DEBUG, "Client %s received %s (Mid: %d, RC:%d)", SAFE_PRINT(mosq->id), type, mid, reason_code);

	rc = message__delete(mosq, mid, mosq_md_out, qos);
	if(rc == MOSQ_ERR_SUCCESS){
		/* Only inform the client the message has been sent once. */
		pthread_mutex_lock(&mosq->callback_mutex);
		if(mosq->on_publish){
			mosq->in_callback = true;
			mosq->on_publish(mosq, mosq->userdata, mid);
			mosq->in_callback = false;
		}
		if(mosq->on_publish_v5){
			mosq->in_callback = true;
			mosq->on_publish_v5(mosq, mosq->userdata, mid, reason_code, properties);
			mosq->in_callback = false;
		}
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&mosq->callback_mutex);
		mosquitto_property_free_all(&properties);
	}else if(rc != MOSQ_ERR_NOT_FOUND){
		return rc;
	}
	pthread_mutex_lock(&mosq->msgs_out.mutex);
	message__release_to_inflight(mosq, mosq_md_out);
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&mosq->msgs_out.mutex);

	return MOSQ_ERR_SUCCESS;
#endif
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


PORTLAND, OR--(Marketwired - February 17, 2015) - Billups, the nation's largest independent Out-of-Home (OOH) media specialist agency, today announced significant expansion plans with the acquisition of Generation Outdoor.
Recently named to Forbes' list of America's Most Promising Companies, Billups' acquisition of Generation Outdoor will build upon its growing nationwide portfolio. The acquisition will also significantly boost their growing national influence in New York. As a premier player in the outdoor buying industry, Generation Outdoor is best known for its iconic brands and memorable programs that have been placed in marquee locations from Times Square to the Sunset Strip.
As part of the acquisition, Generation Outdoor CEO Matt Leible and staff will join the Billups team. Leible, a second-generation outdoor advertising executive, was the recipient of the Ad Age 2004 Media Maven award and was featured on the cover of Ad Age in 2001 as an up-and-comer in the advertising industry.
"Billups is one of the nation's most innovative OOH media specialist agencies, so it made perfect business sense to join forces," said Leible. "Together, we're confident that our collective strengths and capabilities will be unparalleled, positioning us to deliver solutions that will continue to transform the future of OOH consumer engagement."
"The Generation Outdoor acquisition complements our existing services and will make us an OOH industry driving force in the nation's top advertising market," said Ben Billups, CEO. "This is the third acquisition for Billups over the past 10 months. With this acquisition we are poised to raise the bar for OOH specialists everywhere, helping us build toward our company vision of becoming the most inspired, innovative, and influential OOH media company on Earth."
Terms of this acquisition were not disclosed.
Billups is a full-service out-of-home (OOH) media specialist agency based in Portland, Oregon. Billups provides traditional, non-traditional and digital OOH media for agencies and their advertisers. Services include media planning, buying, production, posting and post-buy evaluations. Billups was recently named to Forbes' list of "America's Most Promising Companies," and one of Oregon's "Fastest Growing Private Companies" by the Portland Business Journal both in 2013 and 2014. The company has employees across 10 U.S. cities.


text:
51 Pegasi b, nomeado de Dimidium e não-oficialmente chamado de Belerofonte, de acordo com a eleição promovida pela União Astronômica Internacional, é um planeta extrassolar situado a aproximadamente 50 anos-luz da Terra na constelação de Pegasus. 51 Pegasi b foi o primeiro planeta descoberto orbitando uma estrela da sequência principal, a estrela  51 Pegasi (os primeiros planetas foram descobertos em 1992 por Aleksander Wolszczan orbitando o pulsar PSR B1257+12), o que foi um marco para a planetologia. Este planeta constitui o protótipo de uma classe planetária denominada Júpiteres quentes.

Nome e características
A letra "b" em 51 Pegasi b é usada para diferenciar o planeta da estrela que ele orbita. Planetas companheiros a descobrir serão designados sucessivamente como c, d, e por aí em diante, independentemente do quão distarem da estrela-mãe. 51 Pegasi b é um planeta extremamente quente.

Depois da sua descoberta, muitas equipes confirmaram a sua existência e obtiveram mais observações das suas propriedades, incluindo o facto de orbitar muito próximo da estrela (a distância orbital entre 51 Pegasi b e sua estrela-mãe equivale a menos da metade da distância média entre Mercúrio e o Sol), sofrer temperaturas de cerca de  graus celsius, e ter cerca de metade da massa de Júpiter. Na altura da descoberta, esta distância curta não era compatível com a teoria da origem dos planetas e resultou em discussões de migração orbital.

Descoberta
O planeta foi descoberto, por Michel Mayor e Didier Queloz, usando um espectrômetro que pode detectar as mudanças regulares na velocidade radial de sua estrela. Estas mudanças são causadas pelos efeitos gravitacionais do planeta que dista 7 milhões de quilómetros da estrela.

Depois do anúncio, a 12 de outubro de 1995, a confirmação veio pelo Dr. Geoffrey Marcy e Dr. Paul Butler das universidades norte-americanas Universidade Estadual de São Francisco e Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley, respectivamente. Usaram o espectrógrafo Hamilton no observatório de Lick perto da cidade de San Jose na Califórnia.

Esta descoberta do primeiro exoplaneta estabeleceu um marco na pesquisa astronómica, e desde então mais exoplanetas nas estrelas vizinhas do Sol têm sido descobertos.

Ver também
 PSR B1257+12 B
 PSR B1257+12 C
 HD 209458 b

Fontes
 (web version)

Exoplanetas
Jupíteres quentes
Gigantes gasosos
Exoplanetas descobertos em 1995
Exoplanetas detectados por velocidade radial
Constelação de Pegasus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Smart window coating blocks heat, not views
Written by: Andrew Wade | Published: 10 November 2021
(Credit: Mario Mendez via Unsplash)
Scientists from Singapore's Nanyang Technological University have developed a transparent electrochromic window material that controls heat transmission without impeding views.
The composite material is intended to be coated onto glass window panels, and when activated by electricity, users would be able to control the level of infrared radiation transmitted through the window, potentially having a major impact on HVAC costs for buildings. The electrochromic material has a specifically designed nanostructure and includes materials such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), tungsten trioxide (WO3), neodymium-Niobium (Nd-Nb), and tin (IV) oxide (SnO2).
Detailed in ACS Omega, the new substance is estimated to be capable of blocking up to 70 per cent of infrared radiation according to experimental simulations. It also allows up to 90 per cent of visible light to pass through, meaning that views through the glass are not compromised, something that is not true of standard electrochromic windows.
Electrochromic windows usually work by becoming tinted when in use, reducing light from entering the room. Commercially available electrochromic windows commonly have a layer of tungsten trioxide (WO3) coated on one side of the glass panel. When the window is switched on, an electric current moves lithium ions to the side containing WO3, and the window darkens or turns opaque.
Once switched off, the ions migrate away from the coated glass, and the window becomes clear again. However, current electrochromic windows are only effective in blocking visible light, so heat continues to pass through the window.
Another perceived drawback of current technology is its durability, as the performance of the electrochromic component tends to degrade in three to five years. In lab tests, NTU's electrochromic technology was put through on-off cycles to evaluate its durability and results showed the properties of the window retained 'excellent stability', blocking over 65 per cent of infrared radiation.
"By incorporating the specially designed nanostructure, we enabled the material to react in a 'selective' manner, blocking near-infrared radiation while still allowing most of the visible light to pass through whenever our electrochromic window is switched on," said study lead author, Associate Professor Alfred Tok of NTU's School of Materials Science and Engineering.
"The choice of advanced materials also helped improved the performance, stability and durability of the smart window."
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The Imperfect Design – Evidence for Evolution!
December 15, 2013 3 Replies
Of all the species in the world, the evolution of human beings is the most controversial. People, especially religious ones cannot stand the idea that humans don't have a divine origin and existence and that we are related to the other animals. For fans of creationism or intelligent design, it is hard to accept that humans underwent the process of evolution to reach the current state. They often site the human body especially the eye as a perfect example of design as our body is too complicated to have evolved naturally according to them. Well, I am okay with it provided when a trained person looks at this so called "design", he should not be puzzled as to why certain parts are in a particular way because when we look carefully at the human body, that is precisely what we feel.
Therefore I would like to call on the scientific and engineering outlook of the reader in this article because I am going to site a few examples where it is required for you to think as to whether we are actually designed or not. Let me first talk about design as we understand from our lives. Any good designer would design a machine or a drawing with the minimal amount of defects. Further he or she would make sure that the design is simple and optimized enough so that troubleshooting is easy later on. Furthermore, he or she would make sure that there is a logic behind putting a component in a particular place. Therefore a good designer can easily make out whether a machine's design is defective or illogical in some way by looking at it.
I request you to look at the following few examples to have an insight into what I mean:
The Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve – It is a nerve that supplies motor function to the larynx and travels from the brain to the larynx. However, it does not take a direct route. Instead it goes all the way to the heart, wraps around a major artery and then goes up to the larynx. It is puzzling as to why the nerve takes such a detour for no reason. In fact, in giraffes, the nerve travels 15 feet to the heart and then goes up to the larynx which doesn't make sense. If we were designed, then the designer would simply put the nerve in a direct route from the brain to the larynx. It's as simple as that. What really happened is that the fish like ancestors of modern tetrapods had the nerve direct as the heart was above the gills, as it is in modern fishes. But over the course of evolution, as the neck extended, the heart became lower in the body and unfortunately the laryngeal nerve got caught on the wrong side of the heart. A designer's eye would easily dismiss this as a bad design. In the following video, Oxford biologist Richard Dawkins will demonstrate the detour of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in a giraffe.
The Human Eye – This is cited as the most perfect example of intelligent design. But from an engineering perspective, it is not perfect at all. A person who make a camera will make sure that all the wiring is at the back of the film and not in front of it. Similarly if a eye is designed, then obviously all the nerves should be behind the retina. Unfortunately in human eyes, the nerves are in front of the retina. And where the optic nerve leaves the eye, there is a hole that creates a blind spot, which is the reason why our eyes jiggle. We don't have a functional reason for our eyes to be this way except that historically the common ancestor of all vertebrates did not have a better retina available to work with. Now, those of you who want to bring in God's "divine purpose" behind this should know that an octopus's eye doesn't have this problem. All the wiring is behind the retina for the octopus. In fact, the octopus eye is a much better "design" compared to humans. This link will tell you exactly what I mean by blind spot. The famous German psychologist Hermann von Helmholtz once said that if an engineer had given him the human eye, he would send it back. The video here would show you how the eye can actually evolve naturally without any divine intervention.
Vestigial Structures – An engineer or designer would want his design clean. He wouldn't want an unwanted component in the machine without serving a purpose. As in the human body and in other species, there are plenty of structures that do not serve any particular purpose. Right from the DNA to visible organs, one wonders why a designer would put them there. The answer as to why these vestigial structures such as the pelvis in snakes, human appendix, the male nipples, the tail bone etc. exist comes from evolution. These are relics from a common ancestry where these structures once had a function. As humans evolved, some of these functions either stopped or changed thereby creating these vestiges. Not only in the organs but also in the DNA we find vestiges. There are several genes that form part of what is called genetic junk. The only reason they are there is because evolution didn't clean it up properly.
Fatal Errors – There are some really fatal mistakes in the human body. Only because of modern medical care that we can counter death caused by these flaws. For instance, in women, the fertilized egg can mistakenly implant into the fallopian tube, cervix or ovary instead of the uterus causing ectopic pregnancy because of a cavity between the ovary and the fallopian tube. Before modern surgery, this used to kill both the woman and her baby. In men, the testes develop first in the abdomen and then migrate to the scrotum. This creates weak points in the abdominal wall where hernias can form in future and without modern surgery, it is a sure way to die. The human pharynx is yet another design flaw. It is the passage used for both ingestion and respiration, which increases the risk of choking. And as mentioned above the appendix is a vestigial organ that serves no known purpose. However, if you get appendicitis, it is a sure shot way to die.
These are just a few examples of imperfections in the seemingly perfect human body. There are hundreds of such examples and in some cases the design flaw is so much that it can be fatal as described above. A designer with any level of logic or common sense would never create a body like this. Therefore the only conclusion that can be made is that either there is no designer or the designer is a very bad designer. Everything from top to the bottom in our body is trade-offs that came about through millions of years of evolution. It's an undeniable fact.
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The Common Ancestry Problem!
March 17, 2012 2 Replies
Evolution is a crucial process in the realm of biology, geology, cosmology etc. However, it has been the subject of debates because of misunderstanding that stems out of misinformation. This misunderstanding is often misused against the Theory of Evolution and people who do this get away because they know that common man does not really understand what exactly is going on in evolution. In this article, I will explain Biological Evolution and the concept of Common Ancestry in simple terms so that even common man can get a framework of knowledge on the subject from where he can build up further.
To understand evolution and common ancestry, we must first understand what is "genetic mutation" and "natural selection". Hence, before we begin, let us make a few assumptions that could simplify the explanation. Imagine an island in the Pacific Ocean. Let's say it is a sandy island with trees, bushes and plenty of insects and other small creatures etc. Also let's assume that there is a population of a particular species of lizards living there. Let us call them "Species – A". Now, these lizards have particular characteristics based on the environment they live in. These characteristics include skin color, body strength, agility, heat resistance and so on.
The genes of our lizard species never stay the same during their lifetime. Genetic mutation happens due to several factors which include exposure to chemicals such as pesticides, industrial wastes, extreme climates, radiation from outer space etc. Once mutated, the new gene might carry a positive, negative or neutral trait. New positive traits may form such as improved skin color, stronger limbs, better digestive system and the like. Negative traits may include impaired vision, unwanted skin spots, weaker limbs and so on.
In order to survive, the lizards must consume food, avoid predators and reproduce successfully. Positive traits are the ones that help these lizards survive better in this particular island and negative traits are the ones that make survival difficult. Hence, lizards with positive traits such as stronger limbs have better chance to run after preys and also to avoid being eaten by predators. Further, lizards with skin color more adapted to the surrounding sandy environment also helps camouflaging while it is hunting and also while it is being hunted. Since, the lizards with positive characteristics have better chance of survival, they are more likely to mate and reproduce. When male and female lizards mate, half of the chromosomes from the female combines with half the chromosomes from the male through chance recombination. Therefore, some of the positive traits from both the father and the mother are passed on to the offspring thereby making it fit to survive in the given environment.
However, though difficult, even lizards with negative characteristics may survive by either sheer luck or by other factors such as hunting of predators by other predators etc. In such a scenario even some of the lizards with negative characteristics might also mate and pass on their negative characteristics to the next generation. If the population survives for many generations, we can find that in every generation, the number of individuals with positive traits is more than the number of individuals with negative characteristics. We also find that certain type of traits such as a particular eye color or skin color or longer limbs etc. become marked trait of this species overtime with more individuals possessing them. In short, successful variations survive and others perish and as a population of species, it is important to have more number of individuals with positive traits reproduce. Thus, individuals would choose to mate more number of times with individuals possessing positive characteristics. This sort of "arms race" for dominance which ensures "survival of the fittest" and thereby survival of the species is called natural selection.
Now, let us say this process of genetic mutation and natural selection goes on for a thousand generations. We now have a species that is extremely adaptive to our sandy Pacific island and different from the parent species. We will call them "Species – A1". Let us now assume that a few individuals such as a pregnant female or group of pregnant females manage to swim across the sea and arrive at an island that is miles away from our original sandy island. They could also arrive in other ways such as when predators that carry one or more of our lizards or lizard eggs accidentally drops or leaves them on this new island.
Let us assume this is a rocky island with plenty of water, plants and trees but lesser populations of insect and small creatures compared to the original island. The lizards who are used to eating insects, earthworms etc. from the sandy island will soon find that the new island is slightly inhospitable when compared to their "motherland". They will also find that their softer bodies are not very suitable for the rough terrains of the rocky island. However, they have sufficient water supply, plants etc. The first generation to arrive might either perish totally or return to their homeland or somehow survive eating the little number of insects they have there.
If they choose to survive there, very soon the same process of genetic mutation and natural selection would ensue. This time our lizards need stronger and faster bodies to chase the insects in the tough terrains. They can continue to develop stronger and faster bodies to catch insects and survive for generations or they can switch to eating alternative food sources such as plants or small fishes in the water bodies inside and around the island. If they find plant eating is a good option to survive since they are there in plenty, the subsequent generations would eventually become totally vegetarians. If they choose to eat fishes, subsequent generations would develop traits such as improved streamlined bodies suitable for swimming, agility and alacrity in catching fishes etc. They might even become amphibious in due time by developing traits that would help them survive in water for longer periods of time.
After a few generations, say a thousand generations of genetic mutations and natural selections in the new island, our original lizard species A1 would have developed into a new species of lizards that have diverted in their physical structure, eating habits etc that helps them flourish in the new island. We can now call them "Species – B". Now, our original Species A1 did not remain the same either in the sandy island. While A1 transformed to B in the rocky island over a thousand generations, A1 was undergoing the same in the original island. Now, after another thousand generations, we have "Species – A2" in the original island. If we take lizard species A2 and B, we find several similarities as well as differences in their body, color, size, overall fitness and even sounds they make. Sandy lizards would move in zig-zag motion which is better suited for sandy environments and the rocky lizards might move faster in straight line, which is suited for rocky environments.
However, both species A2 and B have a "common ancestor", which is the species A1. Hence, we can say that A2 and B share "common ancestry", which is the main topic of this article. Please note that common ancestor need not always be a single person. It can be a population of individuals who share similar traits.
When Darwin arrived at the Galapagos Islands in the pacific, he noticed marked differences and similarities in species of iguanas, tortoises, finches and so on in the different islands in the group. It caused him to think as to whether these species are cousins to each other. And that is what led him and Alfred Russel Wallace and many other biologists to study the process in the subsequent years and establish the theory of evolution by natural selection. This theory is currently the only explanation for the complexity and diversity of living beings on our planet. This theory has survived the test of time and is qualified as a scientific theory because it passes the four criteria I described in my previous article. Today we have enormous amounts of evidence to support the theory which include fossils remains, comparative study of homologous structures, molecular evidence such as ERV (Endogenous Retrovirus) infections in the DNA etc.
These are things I wrote directly from my head based on what I have read and studied. I hope I have accomplished the task of explaining evolution in simplified terms. Please let me know your comments and suggestions if any so that I can make this article better.
Evolution – What is in it for me?
February 12, 2012 1 Reply
Evolution is the slow process of change that occur in physical, chemical, biological, geological, social, linguistic and cosmological systems and the components within those systems over time. The theory of evolution, which is the subject of this article is obviously biological evolution and its far reaching implications pertaining to human life. How the knowledge of evolution affects a person's everyday life is something unknown to common man and something that he doesn't bother to know. It is a fact that the reason why human species exist and flourish in various parts of the world today lies primarily in the process of evolution and the human knowledge of the same.
Before I start with the main content of this article, I would like to describe what exactly is meant by a scientific theory. Any scientific theory must qualify the following four criteria:-
It must explain an observable phenomenon and/or experimental result
It must be substantiated with evidence obtained through experiments and/or observations and/or material evidence
It must make testable predictions that can be verified by new observations and/or experiments and/or material evidence
It must pass a rigorous peer-review process
Evolution is a theory that qualifies all the four criteria described above and provides an accurate explanation of the complexity and diversity of life on Earth. As a side note, I would also like to tell you that every scientific theory that qualifies the above four criteria still has its own realm of application. For instance, you can't expect a scientist; no matter how gifted to explain why a sperm and egg fuse to form a zygote using the theory of gravity. That wouldn't make sense since there are theories on sexual reproduction such as meiosis that give clear answers to questions pertaining to zygote formation. Similarly, you can't expect someone to explain why objects fall using meiosis.
Hence, I don't want to see comments asking, "Why doesn't evolution explain the origin of life?" because evolution is not meant to explain it. There is another theory called abiogenesis that explains the various possibilities of origins of life on earth and possibly in other planets given the right conditions. Also I wouldn't tolerate comments that defame Darwin and his contributions using contrived and misinformed information about his "deathbed conversion" and "rebuttal of his own theory because of missing links". It is beyond doubt that Darwin was never converted in his deathbed and though he did accept that missing links existed, he never said that it is proof against evolution. In fact fossils of many of the missing links he postulated were later discovered and classified. Further, since 1859, the year when "On the Origin of Species" was published, there have been thousands of books written; hundreds of thousands of peer-reviewed papers published and millions of pieces of evidence amassed in support of evolution.
So, having established that evolution is a fact and the theory of evolution explains this fact, let's move on to the main topic of this article. I will discuss some areas where knowledge of evolution affects everyday life:
Evolution's biggest use for humans and one of my favorites is in the field of medicine. It won't be an exaggeration to state that we are alive because of evolutionary theory. Evolution helps us predict the outcome of antibiotic overuse in both humans and livestock and mutation of pathogens such as in the cases of avian flu, west Nile virus etc. We could study parasites such as tubercle bacillus, plasmodium etc. and how they evolve and this knowledge helped in treating resurging and resistant diseases using drug cocktails such as the ones used in the treatment of tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS.
The recent outbreak of SARS and H1N1 show how vulnerable we are to pandemics created by evolved viruses. This combined with the fact that any infected person can reach anywhere in the world in a matter of hours cause the spread of any mutated virus more easy. Hence we must be aware of evolution of pathogens. HIV, a rapidly evolving retrovirus shares common ancestry with SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus). Hence we have new avenues of research into effective treatment of AIDS. Drug cocktails for HIV patients are creating remarkable success around the world. Further, the cocktails need switching so that the virus doesn't adapt to a particular mix at any time. Only evolution gives insights into the right combinations of antibiotics.
Scientists are in the process of improving vaccines in the light of rapid evolution and antibiotic resistance of microbes so that people can stay resistant to diseases for longer periods of time. In times of scarcity of antibiotics and chemicals extracted from plants and microbes, it is easy to find related species and look for chemicals in them. Knowledge of evolution helps in finding related species. For example, the Pacific Yew tree used to generate Taxol, the drug used to fight cancer became endangered since 4 to 6 trees must be destroyed to produce one dose of Taxol. However, scientists used the common ancestry theory to find other common trees of the same family that contain Taxol-like compounds thereby helping cancer patients and saving lives.
Understanding evolution of a particular gene pool helps biologists manage different species and their habitats. And if unfavorable conditions are located, endangered species of plants and animals can be relocated to more favorable habitats.
Agriculture and Biotechnology
Evolution helps in knowing the ecological adaptations of various crops and livestock which in turn helps farmers and researchers to introduce these crops and livestock in new environments. In addition it helps in understanding and implementing cross breeding. Further, it helps in artificially selecting the desired characteristics in crops and livestock. In biotechnology, the evolution of genes help in splicing beneficial genes between species which in turn help in producing disease resistant crops and the like.
Human Physiology and Behavior
The theory of evolution also helps us understand disorders such as autoimmune disorder, ADD etc. Understanding genes and their evolution provide new insights into hereditary diseases. Evolution also throws light into the various factors of human behavior such as existence of aggression and compassion.
Economics and Market Dynamics
Evolution also helps in market research where researchers can find out why certain products sell better than certain others. Economics changes in market systems, barter systems, forms of currency etc. are also studied in the light of evolutionary theory these days.
There are other fields that are totally unrelated to biology where evolution finds application. For example cosmology, geology, meteorology, oceanography, linguistics, sociology, politics, economics, theology and anthropology are some of the field where evolution plays an important role. However, this evolution is not biological evolution. In cosmology and astronomy, scientists study the origin and development of celestial bodies such as black holes and the changes in orbits of these bodies. Formation of land forms and plate tectonics and continental drifts form part of geological studies. In meteorology and oceanography, we have climate change, dynamics of ice ages, El Nino, La Nina, oscillation events etc. In linguistics, researchers study origins and development of languages. Sociology and politics also make use of evolution in studying social norms, customs, political systems etc. In anthropology, we use evolution to study the development and diversification of cultures. Finally theology also makes use of evolution in studying religious practices, beliefs and rise and fall of religions.
Teaching Evolution
The advantage that evolution offers students as a practical science to study life sciences as well as other related fields is profound. It is as important as other scientific theories such as quantum mechanics which describe the world around us. Hence, it is important to be taught in schools and colleges in both breadth and depth so that students who move into fields of biotechnology, agriculture, medicine, molecular biology and even geology and paleontology etc. can benefit in their future academics and research. The fact that our contemporary society has more number of scientists and consumers of science than ever before is in itself a good reason why knowledge of evolution and its education is important. Dieting, pharmacology, cloning, global warming, you name it and evolution plays a role there. Censoring evolution from school and college syllabus hence would eventually thwart progress in the fields mentioned. Thus it is imperative that people accept evolution and teach children about the same from a young age. The why part of science such as the flight of a bird, its songs, the resemblance of children to their parents, the similarities between species, the biochemical processes of eukaryotic cells etc. makes sense only in the light of evolutionary theory.
Evolution is the only scientific explanation of the history of life on earth and is also the only explanation that one can give for life elsewhere. There are no alternative theories to evolution! If someone says that there is, then that alternative theory must pass the four criteria I mentioned before. Any alternative theory that does not pass those criteria is not scientific and hence has no place in the academic or research world.
Biello, D. "Culture Speeds Up Human Evolution." Scientific American. Dec 10, 2007. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=culture-speeds-up-human-evolution (accessed Feb 12, 2012).
Forbes, G.A. "EVOLUTION EDUCATION; WHY BOTHER?" Michigan Science Teachers Association. Spring 2006. http://www.msta-mich.org/index.php/publications/journalArticle/140 (accessed Feb 12, 2012).
Giberson, K. "Evolution Matters." The Biologos Forum. Feb 15, 2010. http://biologos.org/blog/evolution-matters (accessed Feb 12, 2012).
Newton, S. "Five Reasons Why Evolution Is Important ." Huffpost Healthy Living. Feb 12, 2010. www.huffingtonpost.com/steven-newton/five-reasons-why-evolutio_b_459636.html (accessed Feb 12, 2012).
Olson, R. "Ten (Eleven) Things Evolutionists Can Do to Improve Communication." National Center for Science Education. July-August 2006. http://ncse.com/rncse/26/4/ten-eleven-things-evolutionists-can-do-to-improve-communicat (accessed Feb 12, 2012).
Reporter, Daily Mail. "Evolution in action: Scientists discover lizards on verge of leap from egg-laying to live births." Daily Mail. Sep 3, 2010. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1308772/Evolution-action-Scientists-discover-lizards-verge-leap-egg-laying-live-births.html (accessed Feb 12, 2012).
"Why is it important to teach evolution?" Federation of Amerian Societies For Experimental Biology. n.d. http://www.faseb.org/portals/0/pdfs/opa/Why%20is%20it%20important%20to%20teach%20evolution.pdf
Yam, P. "Evolution and Miss USA: Science Role Models Explain Why Evolutionary Biology Is So Important [Video]." Scientific American. Dec 9, 2011. http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2011/12/09/evolution-and-miss-usa-science-role-models-explain-why-evolutionary-biology-is-so-important-video/(accessed Feb 12, 2012).


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Hon. Edward Seaga
The Most Honourable Edward Philip George Seaga, O.N. P.C., M.P., LL.D. (Hon.), former Prime Minister, 1980-89, Leader of the Opposition between 1989 and 2006, was born on May 28, 1930 to the late Philip George Seaga and Erna (nee Maxwell). He was educated at Wolmer's Boys' School in Jamaica and graduated from Harvard University in 1952 with a Bachelor of Arts Degree in the Social Sciences.
Mr. Seaga's political career began in 1959 when Sir Alexander Bustamante, the founder of the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP), nominated him to serve in the Upper House of the Jamaica Legislature, the Legislative Council (later the Senate). His appointment at age 29 made him the youngest member ever appointed to the Legislative Council, which established the framework for national independence in August 1962.
In April, 1962, Mr. Seaga was elected Member of Parliament for Western Kingston . He has held that seat for 40 consecutive years. Mr. Seaga is now the longest serving Member of Parliament in the history of Jamaica . He is the only person elected as Member of Parliament for West Kingston for more than one term.
Immediately after winning his seat in 1962, Mr. Seaga was appointed to the Cabinet as Minister of Development and Welfare. Following the 1967 General Elections he was appointed Minister of Finance and Planning and in 1974 he became Leader of the JLP and the Parliamentary Opposition until the 1980 General Elections.
Edward P.G. Seaga became Prime Minister of Jamaica following the General Elections of October 30, 1980 when the Jamaica Labour Party won a landslide victory over the incumbent People's National Party (PNP). The mandate of Mr. Seaga and the Jamaica Labour Party was renewed in the uncontested 1983 General Elections. He remained Prime Minister until February 1989.
Mr. Seaga was also Minister of Finance and Planning, and his portfolio included responsibilities for Information and Culture.
Mr. Seaga was one of the founding fathers of the Jamaican Constitution and has spear-headed far-reaching reforms of the Constitution since then.
Several economic and social programmes, which have had significant impact on Jamaica's growth and development, were conceived and initiated by Mr. Seaga.
CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Financial Development
Mr. Seaga has established, encouraged, promoted or introduced several institutions, which have contributed to the modernization and development of the financial sector. These include the Jamaica Stock Exchange (1969), Jamaica Unit Trust (1970), Jamaica Mortgage Bank (1973), National Development Bank (1981), the Agricultural Credit Bank (1981), the Ex-Im Bank (1986), and the Students' Loan Bureau. The Self-Start Fund (1984) was established by him to provide loans to micro-businesses.
He promoted the modernization of commercial agriculture by introducing high technology and stimulating agricultural enterprise in new crops. In 1988 he launched a programme to plant 1 million trees. He put unused and under-used publicly-owned lands to work. The highly successful Jamaica National Investment Promotion Ltd, JNIP (now JAMPRO) was created by him in 1981 as a one-stop investment organisation to promote local and overseas investment in Jamaica .
Under his administration, in the 1980's, the income and corporate tax system was comprehensively reformed and modernised to make it more equitable and efficient. The rate was substantially reduced to a flat 33% from a high of 60%, for both individuals and corporate entities. Mr. Seaga also introduced modern computerized technology into the administration and organisation of revenue collection in which each taxpayer would be assigned a Taxpayer Registration Number. He overhauled the indirect tax system by combining a number of taxes into a single General Consumption Tax (GCT).
As Minister of Finance, Mr. Seaga represented Jamaica as a Governor of the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the Caribbean Development Bank.
Urban and Rural Development and the Environment
In the 1960's Mr. Seaga transformed the country's then worst slum – "Back-o-Wall" – into a modern, low-income residential community, re-named Tivoli Gardens . Tivoli Gardens has a full range of cultural and social amenities for all age groups, and remains a model of successful urban community development.
Mr. Seaga established the Urban Development Corporation (UDC) in 1968. Through the UDC the waterfronts of Kingston , Ocho Rios and Montego Bay were developed into major resort, residential, port, commercial and office complexes. Among other accomplishments, the UDC has spearheaded the development of Negril as a resort area. Notably some 50,000 acres of choice land were acquired by the UDC at Mr. Seaga's initiative to establish a land bank for further development. This formed the basis for planned developments such as Hellshire, Bloody Bay (Negril) Seville and Auchindown (Westmoreland).
Perhaps the largest of all urban development projects will be the 30,000 acre Hellshire area on the outskirts of the over-populated capital city. Mr. Seaga initiated the purchase of this prized area, together with nearby Caymanas lands, for the creation of a new city , through the UDC.
In 1985, Mr. Seaga established the Metropolitan Parks and Markets (MPM) as a subsidiary of the UDC to be responsible for public cleansing, beautification and the maintenance of the parks and markets in the city of Kingston and other specified urban areas. MPM literally transformed this aspect of city management by delivering an effective and cost-efficient service.
Mr. Seaga's most satisfying area of endeavour has been the creation of several outstanding social programmes especially for young people. Among them are: the Human Employment and Resource Training Programme (HEART), which began in 1983 and provides job-related training for school leavers and drop-outs on a wide scale throughout Jamaica. This has had a most positive impact on the expansion of skills and job capabilities of young people. L.E.A.P. (Learning for Earning Activity Programme) was established by Mr. Seaga in 1986 to provide training for street children. In 1988 he successfully raised funds from the European Union LOME facility to build residential halls for the University of the West Indies , University of Technology and the Cultural Training Centre (now the Edna Manley School of Art).
In 1985, he launched Solidarity, a programme to finance and stimulate entrepreneurship among young people by giving them loans and guidance in establishing their own micro-businesses.
In 1970 Mr. Seaga launched the Student Revolving Loan Fund to assist needy students at university level.
Food Aid Programme
The Food Aid Programme was established by Mr. Seaga in 1983 to assist the poorest groups in the society by supplementing their food supply. The most significant beneficiaries under this programme are primary school children, who receive a high protein lunch daily. In addition, pregnant and nursing mothers, children under three, the indigent, disabled and elderly receive food stamps to assist them to improve dietary needs.
Golden Age Homes
The Golden Age movement was launched by Mr. Seaga in the 1960s and a new concept in modern community care for the aged. The first Golden Age Home was built in 1985, as a modern, planned home for the aged.
CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
Mr. Seaga has often said that his first love is Culture, and his monumental achievements in this field stand as a testament to this.
He created and established the Jamaica Festival, (in which institutions, groups and individuals compete annually in the literary, performing, plastic and graphic arts, as well as culinary skills, leading up to the Independence celebrations). He also introduced National Heritage Week. The Jamaica Festival has become the showcase of Jamaican talent and the cradle of our traditional folk culture.
In the 1960's while he was Minister of Development and Welfare, Mr. Seaga gave Jamaican popular music (Ska) its first exposure to the international scene by promoting overseas tours of Jamaican artistes. Together with his own pioneering work in the recording of Jamaican Music, this laid the foundations for the international emergence of Reggae, now popular worldwide. He established a craft development company – Things Jamaican – in 1961 to nurture the development of Jamaica 's handicraft, made Devon House a national monument to showcase our heritage and craft and completed plans for the re-development of Port Royal , Seville and Spanish Town as archaeological parks of international renown.
He introduced colour television in 1962 and in 1988 divested several government owned radio stations private interests and the church.
Mr. Seaga conceived and designed the Cultural Training Centre for all the Arts (drama, music, painting/sculpture and dance), and donated his own extensive collection of folk music of Jamaica to the School of Music .
Mr. Seaga influenced the careers of several internationally acclaimed Jamaican popular artistes and played a major role in introducing the work of the world-famous Jamaican intuitive artist Mallica `Kapo' Reynolds.
He also inaugurated the respected Jamaica Journal, published quarterly by the Institute of Jamaica , which is devoted to promoting the arts, natural history, sociology and science through publications.
Mr. Seaga played a principal part in the return of the body of Marcus Garvey to Jamaica and in establishing the nation's highest order, that of National Hero, of which Garvey was the first recipient.
Mr. Seaga promoted the concept of an international "culture bank" leading to the establishment of the International Fund for the Promotion of Culture (IFPC) by UNESCO in the 1970's.
In the 1980's, he played a leading role in the establishment of the Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI), conceived as a "Marshall Plan" for the Caribbean and promoted the concept of a human resource facility (or "Manpower Bank"), later adopted by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) as the Short Term Advisory Service (STAS) to provide low-cost short-term expertise from the international private sector for developing countries.
He was also in the forefront of the international campaign to intensify and expand economic sanctions against South Africa as a means of bringing apartheid to an end. Mr. Seaga addressed the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1985 and made his memorable call for an intensified attack on the South African rand. In October 1987, at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in Vancouver , he demonstrated statistically that sanctions were working against South Africa .
Mr. Seaga founded the Caribbean Democrat Union, an affiliate of the International Democrat Union, the international body of Christian Democratic parties. He was President of the CDU and a Vice-President of the IDU until he retired from these positions.
In 2002 the Order of the Nation, the second highest honour in Jamaica was bestowed on Mr. Seaga.
In 1981 Mr. Seaga was appointed by Queen Elizabeth II as a member of Her Majesty's Privy Council.
Mr. Seaga has also been honoured by several countries:
- Republic of Venezuela – Grand Collar de Libertador (1981)
- Republic of Venezuela – Gold Mercury International Award (1981)
Republic of Korea – Grand Gwangwa Medal, Order of Diplomatic Service Merit (1981)
- Federal Republic of Germany – Grand Cross of the Order of Merit (1982)
Mexico – Order of the Aztec Eagle (1987)
He is the recipient of several prestigious international awards:
Gleaner Honour Awards: Man of the Year, 1980, 1981
Avenue of the Americas Association, N.Y. – Gold Key Award (1981)
Pan American Development Foundation Inter-American Man of the Year Development Award (1983)
Dr. Martin Luther King Humanitarian Award (1984)
United Nations Environment Programme – the Environmental Leadership Award (1987)
University of Miami , LL.D. (1981)
Tampa University , LL.D. (1982)
University of South Carolina , LL.D. (1983)
Boston University , LL.D. (1983)
Hartford University , LL.D. (1987)
"Parent Teacher Relationships", published by the Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies.
"Revival Spirit Cults" (Jamaica Journal), published by the Institute of Jamaica. Folk Music of Jamaica (album of music recorded by Ethnic Folkways Library).
"Faith Healing in Jamaica" – International Parapsychology.
Mr. Seaga who was born in the Evangeline Boothe Memorial Salvation Army Hospital in Boston while his parents were in the U.S.A. , was also a Jamaican citizen by virtue of his parentage, but he made the momentous decision to formally give up his American citizenship.
On August 22, 1965 he married Marie Elizabeth "Mitsy" Constantine , Miss Jamaica 1965. They have two sons, Christopher, Andrew and a daughter Anabella. This marriage dissolved in 1995.
On June 14, 1996 , he married Carla Frances Vendryes MPA, who is involved in sociological research and the development of Jamaican handicraft. She was responsible for the development of the Solidarity project to assist the poorest of the poor in small entrepreneurial enterprises. They have a daughter Gabrielle, born September 16, 2002 .
Mr. Seaga is deeply involved in cultural activities, particularly folk music and all aspects of things Jamaican. A keen gardener and amateur landscaper, Mr. Seaga has translated his love for plants and flowers into the beautiful Enchanted Garden Resort, which has become a unique attraction in Jamaica.
As an athlete he played on several teams at Wolmers and Harvard. He continues to be an avid sportsman: member of the Kingston Cricket Club, various hunting clubs and the Jamaica Skeet Club and President of the Tivoli Gardens Football Club, basketball and netball clubs.


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Thank you Joe Turner, Brad Conner and Liliana Esposito
The Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption recognized Joe Turner, Brad Conner and Liliana Esposito for their service as members of its board of trustees as their terms end in December 2022. The three leaders have been unwavering champions of the Foundation's work, personally committed to the mission of dramatically increasing the number of adoptions of children waiting in North America's foster care systems.
Pictured: Joe Turner
Joe Turner
Turner, a respected franchise leader in the Wendy's system, served as chair of the board of trustees for three years, prior to that as vice chair and has been a board member since 2007. He also acted as the chair of the Foundation's board governance committee and the 2021 building fund campaign, raising more than $4 million to make a forever home a reality for the Foundation's growing staff. He also worked with his colleagues to encourage significant growth of Wendy' in-restaurant customer-based campaigns supporting the work of the Foundation.
Pictured: Brad Conner
Brad Conner
Conner, an adoptive father, has served as a board member since 2009, most recently acting as treasurer and chair of the audit committee and board liaison to the investment advisory committee. Conner has been a passionate advocate for the work of the Foundation, including the Adoption-Friendly Workplace™ program. He paved the way for Citizen's Financial Group to provide top-notch adoption-friendly policies, and the company has consistently been ranked in the annual Best 100 Adoption-Friendly Workplaces list.
Pictured: Liliana Esposito
Liliana Esposito
Esposito, a skilled communicator and attorney, has served as a board member since 2015. Throughout her time as a member, Esposito hosted Wendy's® Family Night in support of the Foundation during the company's annual convention. In 2022, the event raised more than $1.7 million benefiting the continued expansion of the Foundation's programs. Esposito has also worked to educate Wendy's employees about its long-standing partnership with the Foundation as its charity of choice through various communications and presentations over the years.
"On behalf of the Foundation, we sincerely thank Joe, Brad and Liliana for their leadership and commitment to achieving the vision that every child will have a permanent, loving home," said Rita Soronen, President & CEO of the Dave Thomas Foundation for Adoption. "From serving on board committees to helping to raise awareness and critical support for our mission, these three have left a lasting impact on the Foundation and the children and families we serve."
Thank you, Joe, Brad and Liliana for your support in finding forever families for children in foster care!


For many people, the summer months mean it's time to tap into that bank of vacation days and spend some time relaxing in the warm weather. With the cost of travel a lot lower this year, the possibilities of hitting the road for a little R&R seem more feasible than ever before.
Funding that vacation could mean pulling out your plastic--even if you hadn't intended to in the first place. Experian, the credit-reporting bureau, recently found in a study that summer travel could add to credit card debt in surprising ways.
The travel industry predicts that 2015 will be a banner year for Americans to travel, and there are plenty of reasons why. AAA Motor Club says that gas is still relatively cheap, so it's a lot cheaper to hit the road.
Air travel will also be popular this vacation season. Airlines for America, an industry association, predicts that from June 1 through August 31, airlines will have 192 million passengers flying domestically and 31 million flying internationally, an increase of eight million and two million passengers respectively. AAA notes that the dollar is about even with the Euro, which makes travel to Europe more economical, and the harsh winter in many parts of the country incentivized people to use their vacation time to escape to warmer climates during the summer.
Consumers also have vacation days to burn, and they opt to do it during the warmest time of year. A recent Citi ThankYou Premier survey found that on average, consumers save over one-third of their vacation days for summer travel. A good 30 percent of consumers plan to use at least half of their vacation time during summer.
However, being on vacation and having that carefree vacation spirit can lead to unintended spending and potential unwanted credit card debt.
Experian's survey found that nearly 70 percent of vacationers spent more money than they planned on when they travel for vacation. Sometimes this was because they were hit with unexpected fees, other times it was because they spent more than they planned or hadn't saved up enough money to pay for the vacation in the first place. In order to pay these expenses, they often reached for their plastic to cover the costs. For about half of those surveyed, that led to having a large credit card debt.
"People want to come home from vacation with happy memories, not with unanticipated and unmanageable credit card bills," said Guy Abramo, president, Experian Consumer Services, in a statement. "Racking up excessive credit card debt without a plan to pay it off can put people, especially millennials, in a bind that could affect their financial health and credit status for years to come."
Experian found that millennials didn't budget as well for vacations as other generational groups and accumulated more credit card debt from their travels. While 49 percent of survey respondents came home from vacation with credit card debt, 52 percent of millennials faced this problem. Likewise, they also didn't financially plan out their vacations as well--while 46 percent of respondents paid for vacations with credit cards if they hadn't saved up enough money beforehand, half of millennials faced that issue.
Millennials also found themselves cancelling vacation plans more because of problems with their personal budget, and they also relied more on their tax refunds to help them pay for their travel plans.
While summer vacation time is a fun way to relax, get away from the everyday stress and enjoy life, accumulating a lot of credit card debt can leave you with a bad vacation hangover--and with the holiday gift giving season approaching, it's wiser to budget and plan ahead, rather than pay for that vacation for the rest of the year.


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Range Training
22 WMR vs. 22 LR
In Caliber Comparisons
Let's put the 22 WMR caliber up against the insanely popular 22 long rifle cartridge to dissect the differences and advantages of each over the other.
Calibers measuring around .22-inches in diameter are extremely popular, and for good reason. This general size has been modified and adapted into dozens of cartridges, including center and rimfire. They're great for target shooting, hunting, self defense, and even military purposes. Let's take a closer look at these two cartridges to see which one is right for your needs with a 22 WMR vs 22 LR showdown.
Are .22 LR and .22 WMR Interchangeable?
Looking down the barrel of a 22 wmr rifle
The .22 LR and .22 WMR are not interchangeable, we should get that out of the way immediately.
They have different dimensions for length, rim diameter, and even bullet diameter (although this comes down to one-thousandth of an inch). You cannot take .22 WMR and use them in a rifle made for .22 Long Rifle, and vice versa. You might be able to get a round to chamber in the wrong firearm but it's not a great idea to pull the trigger.
You'll need a separate firearm, or at least separate fittings, for each cartridge.
Getting to Know .22 Long Rifle
The .22 Long Rifle, or ".22 LR" is likely the most-used round in the country, if not the entire world. Released in the late 19th century, this round has been popular for small-game hunting and competition, but its most frequent use is in recreational plinking. It also makes an ideal choice for varmint control, which is why so many property owners keep a .22 LR rifle or revolver in their gun safe.
• Released: 1884
• Bullet Diameter: .223 inches
• Rim Diameter: .278 inches
• Total Length: 1 inch
• Bullet Weights: 20 – 50 grain
• Primer Type: Rimfire
Getting to Know the .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire
The .22 Winchester Magnum Round, which is also known as the ".22 WMR," or ".22 Magnum" was released 75 years after the .22 LR. It has similar proportions as the Long Rifle, but the main difference is the extended case, which allows for more propellant behind a bullet that is often the same size.
The round is used for a variety of purposes, including target shooting. The most common use for this round, however, is small-game hunting. The cartridge is effective for rabbits, prairie dogs, foxes, and even coyotes.
• Total Length: 1.35 inches
.22 LR vs .22 WMR: Price & Performance
While .22 WMR is one of the cheaper cartridge options, the .22 LR is considered by many to be the single most affordable ammunition out there. You don't get a lot of bang (more on performance below), but you can spend an entire day shooting targets with .22 LR cartridges and barely scratch $10.
As of writing this article, it's not uncommon to find .22 LR priced at less than a nickel per round. The highest was still only $.37 per round. The .22 WMR is still affordable, with plinking grade prices as low as $.17 per round as I write this. Neither is expensive, but you simply can't beat the per-round cost of the .22 LR. This is the main reason why it's so popular.
Please note: These price examples are accurate as the time of writing. Rimfire markets can fluctuate greatly so these prices could move up or down depending upon supply and demand.
Winner: .22 Long Rifle
22 WMR vs. 22 LR Velocity
Because the .22 Magnum packs more propellant behind a bullet that is essentially the same size, it outpaces the .22 LR in velocity. This is true both at the muzzle and downrange.
For example, Winchester's Super-X brand is available with 40-grain bullets in both the .22 LR and .22 WMR. Comparing these two, we see that .22 LR has a muzzle velocity of 1,280 feet per second (fps) and a speed of 1,001 fps after 100 yards. The .22 Magnum, however, has a muzzle velocity of 1,910 fps and a speed of 1,592 fps at 100 yards.
Winner: .22 WMR
Energy Comparison
The same essential results that we saw for velocity occur for energy. Because they pack similar bullets, but one is backed by more propellant, the .22 WMR has a clear advantage in energy. To highlight this, we'll look at 40-grain Federal Premium Champion Training ammo for the .22 Long Rifle and the .22 Magnum.
The .22 LR has a muzzle energy of 137 foot-pounds (ft-lbs) and drops to 91 ft-lbs at 100 yards. The .22 WMR, while not considered a high-powered cartridge, has a muzzle energy of 314 ft-lbs and 153 ft-lbs after 100 yards.
Winner: .22 Magnum
Again, the enhanced speed results in better statistics for the .22 WMR. Looking at the same Federal Premium Championship Training rounds we cited above, we see that the .22 LR, when zeroed to 50 yards, drops 5.6 inches at 100 yards. The .22 WMR round only drops 2.1 inches, giving it better accuracy at medium-range distances.
Winner: .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire
22 WMR vs 22 LR Recoil
When comparing cartridges, we often discuss one of the most important factors for shooting, especially high-volume shooting: recoil. The recoil (the force driving back into the shooter's hands or shoulder) for both of these rounds is negligible at best. While the .22 WMR has more recoil than the light-popping .22 LR, it's not enough to make any real difference to a shooter. For all intents and purposes, neither of these will give you a sore shoulder.
Winner: Draw (.22 LR is lighter, but neither has significant recoil)
Choose .22 LR for Affordability, Small-Game Hunting, Teaching
22 long rifle ammo (left) with 22 Magnum ammo (right)
The biggest reason to choose the .22 Long Rifle is simple affordability. If you want a starter rifle, or if you are simply tired of spending $50 on ammunition every time you head to the range, the .22 LR is a great choice. No, it won't replace your deer rifle, but it will give you a cost-effective way to enjoy shooting. It's also great for small-game hunting and varmint control.
Also, if you have a youngster that is ready to learn responsible shooting, the .22 LR is a great entryway into the world of safe gun handling. With virtually no recoil and only a small "crack" of noise, it's an approachable cartridge that is not intimidating to young or inexperienced shooters.
Choose the .22 WMR for Greater Distance, More Power, and More Hunting Options
The .22 Winchester Magnum Round has many of the qualities that make the .22 LR popular, but it has a little more speed, power, and a louder pop when fired. In a way, it's the natural step up from the Long Rifle, so if you want to hunt rabbits with a little more distance, or you want a cartridge that can plink targets at 150 or 200 yards, the .22 WMR is a natural choice.
Heck, there are even concealed carriers who use 22 WMR in a back-up revolver. So, they believe in the cartridge enough to take down a larger threat too. (Although, in some 22 WMR gel testing, we found it really didn't perform well relative to some of the centerfire options out there like 380 ACP and 9mm.)
In the end, both of these calibers fill a specific need among American shooters. Whether you just need one of them or add both to your gun cabinet is up to you. No matter what you decide in the 22 WMR vs 22 LR showdown, you're getting a relatively inexpensive round. Pair that cost with proven performance over decades of mainstream use and it's tough to go wrong.
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Shore Memorial is seeking to provide medical services to Veterans to prevent vets from having to travel to Delaware for treatment. Click here to read the article.
Here is an article from the Washington Post about the program, Paws for Purple Hearts. The program utilizes dogs to help vets with physical ailments and vets with PTSD. Click here to read.


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