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Category Archives: history of medicine
Many visitors to Sovereign Hill are surprised to see the vegetable and decorative gardens on display around the Outdoor Museum. Did you know that many of the gardens are inspired by understandings of gardens that existed in goldfields towns like Ballarat? Here, we will explore some of their stories and what they can tell us about life on the Victorian goldfields in the 19th century.
Peppercorn trees like this one were often planted at schools to provide shade and because they were thought to keep bugs away. This tree is identified by the orange circle on the map.
The Sovereign Hill Museums Association gardeners work closely with historians to build the gardens – and even change them from season to season. These spaces tell stories about the kinds of gardens that existed in Ballarat in the 1850s and the people who would have owned them. Some residents of goldrush Ballarat had large, expensive houses and used a beautiful garden to show off their wealth. Other residents grew gardens to feed their families, or provide medicine or vegetables for sale. Trees were also used for shade, to keep the bugs away (such as peppercorn trees), or as posts for displaying advertising posters or important community news. The only lawn you see at Sovereign Hill is next to our modern Café and playspace – back in the gold rush, lawns were not very common because lawnmowers were yet to have motors (they were pushed by hand at this time, which was hard work!) and they were very expensive.
A map of the Sovereign Hill Outdoor Museum showing the location of the gardens and trees featured in this blogpost.
The Bright View Cottage sundial garden and rose arch.
The garden in front of the Bright View Cottage has a typically orderly Victorian design. It shows that the owner can afford to use land for decorative and not just practical purposes. While the garden does include some vegetables and herbs (which were more for viewing pleasure than eating), it also includes formal decorative features such as a sundial and hedged garden beds. A rose arch greets visitors as they enter through the white picket gate into the garden. Perfumed flowers like roses, lavender and daphne were popular because it was believed at the time that good smells kept you healthy while bad smells could make you sick. Many 19th century gardeners were also interested in growing exotic plants and hunting for rare species, which is why gunnera manicata (giant rhubarb) features on the left side of the cottage. This garden is marked on the Sovereign Hill guide map by a blue circle.
The garden behind Linton Cottage full of springtime foods.
There is a kitchen garden located behind Linton Cottage (across the road from the Bright View Cottage) which grows fruit, vegetables, nuts and herbs. Like many people on the goldfields, the owners of such a property improved their position in society by growing food for sale in the grocery store. The trees grown in this garden are apple, pear and walnut. There is also a grapevine along the back fence. The vegetables produced by this garden change with the season, and the herbs are grown partly for their ability to control pests; rhubarb and pyrethrum can be used to keep insects away. This garden also has a compost bin to replace the nutrients in the soil; using the garden scraps to make compost to spread on the garden beds helps plants grow better. There is also a large chicken coop for the production of eggs, meat, feathers and fertiliser. It is marked on the map by a yellow circle.
An example of a productive vegetable garden in the Golden Point Chinese Camp.
These two gardens found in the Golden Point Chinese Camp tell different stories. The first demonstrates the way Chinese miners from the late 1850s onwards produced fresh food for themselves and sometimes the broader community. As most of the Chinese miners had been farmers back home in China, many were skilled at growing vegetables. Typically, these gardens were grown communally. So, they would take it in turns to look after them while others went mining. Some Chinese miners began growing food for sale when Ballarat's gold became harder to find, changing their work from mining to market gardening.
An example of a medicinal garden owned by a Chinese herbalist.
The second of these gardens in the Chinese Camp would have belonged to a herbalist (whose replica store is close by). Today, we would call him a Traditional Chinese Medical Practitioner. This garden is growing medicines and food that can be used in a medicinal diet to treat certain diseases, although many of the herbs for sale in the herbalist's would have been imported from China. Both these gardens are identified by the green circle on the map.
Sometimes, the Sovereign Hill gardeners grow slightly different plants than would have been seen on the Ballarat goldfields to keep visitors safe, to respond to pests, and to design gardens better suited to the region's changing climate. According to the Bureau of Meteorology, Victoria has become warmer and drier since the 1850s. This encourages our gardeners to plant more drought-tolerant species than would have been grown in the past.
The Wadawurrung people – the Traditional Custodians of the Ballarat region – supplied black wattle sap as a diarrhoea medicine to European miners. Many native plants were promoted across the landscape over thousands of years by Aboriginal people to provide food, fibre and medicine.
Some features seen in our gardens are not as they were in the 1850s for quite different reasons. For example, while you can see poppies growing at Sovereign Hill, they are not the opium poppies you might have seen in goldrush gardens in the 19th century; real opium poppies can be turned into powerful drugs of addiction. Finally, foxes only became a pest in Australia after their introduction in Ballarat and Geelong in the 1870s. Therefore, while 1850s chicken coops were not built to keep them out, our chicken enclosures need to be much sturdier, as we do sometimes have foxes in the gardens at night.
Walk around your own garden with fresh eyes. What does it say about your diet, your family's social status, and our climate today?
How to cook a goldrush feast: https://sovereignhilledblog.com/2016/11/30/how-to-cook-a-gold-rush-feast/
The lives of animals on Victoria's goldfields: https://sovereignhilledblog.com/2019/10/04/animals-on-the-goldfields/
The National Museum Australia on goldrush immigration: https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/gold-rushes
How and why were so many exotic street trees planted in Australia? https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-09-12/curious-central-west-why-peppercorn-trees-were-planted/10231768
Information on pest management plants: https://www.abc.net.au/gardening/factsheets/pest-management-plants/9427576
How compost is made: https://www.abc.net.au/gardening/factsheets/get-composting/9437492
Plant hunting was very fashionable across the British Empire in the 19th century: https://www.independent.co.uk/environment/nature/the-plant-hunters-adventurers-who-transformed-our-gardens-would-put-indiana-jones-to-shame-7936364.html
Posted in 19th century, 19th century medicine, animals, chinese miners, chinese on the diggings, Environment, goldrush food, health on the goldfields, history of medicine, history of victoria, Indigenous, miasma theory, Sovereign Hill, then and now, Uncategorized, Victorian Gold Rush, victorian goldrush chinese, victorian history
Tagged Chinese, food, research
How did we get from Miasma Theory to Germ Theory in the 19th century?
The way we see the world, and ourselves in it, can completely change when new scientific theories/ideas come along. While this can be scary in the eyes of some people, for others it provides better ways of living, and exciting new opportunities to make money. Some examples of big ideas in science which have changed the world include:
The theory of evolution by natural selection, made famous by explorer and naturalist Charles Darwin in his 1859 book called 'On the Origin of Species'. He explained that life on Earth has evolved (changed) over time as conditions (weather etc.) have changed, and as a result of the competition for resources (like food and water).
Medical technologies like anaesthetics (to make you go to sleep and feel no pain), antiseptics (to keep wounds and medical tools clean), antibiotics (to kill bacteria which cause painful and often deadly infections), and vaccinations (making us immune to certain diseases).
Understanding the role humans can play in the 'Greenhouse Effect' – if we put CO2 (carbon dioxide) into the air by burning fossil fuels like coal, natural gas, and petroleum (used to make plastics and fuels for cars) this can cause the atmosphere to heat up and change the climate.
Scanning electron microscope image of Vibrio Cholerae. This is the bacterium (germ) that causes cholera, a big killer on the 19th century Victorian goldfields. Reproduced from Wikipedia Commons.
In this blogpost, we will explore the scientific idea that microscopic germs exist, and how this idea radically changed the way we treat disease and deal with human waste. We are interested in this topic at Sovereign Hill Education because the 19th century gold rushes in Victoria were happening at the same time Germ Theory became popular. It changed the way Ballarat's doctors did their work, and is the reason sewage pipes (that Ballaratians still use today) were installed under our city.
What is Miasma Theory?
Miasma = from the Ancient Greek word for 'pollution'.
For thousands of years, people (and their doctors) in many places around the world believed that diseases, especially epidemics (like the Black Plague), were caused by 'bad air' which was commonly called miasma in English-speaking countries. It was thought that breathing-in or being too physically close to bad air from rotting organic matter (like a compost heap or pile of dog poo) could cause the four liquids found in your body (blood, phlegm [like snot], yellow bile, and black bile) to get out of balance. People believed that the weather and seasons could also affect these liquids and cause sickness (click here to learn more about a related idea called Humorism). Miasma was thought to cause all kinds of diseases, from diarrhoea to chicken pox, from the flu to obesity!
A representation by Robert Seymour of the cholera epidemic of the 19th century depicts the spread of the disease in the form of deadly air (miasma). Reproduced from Wikipedia Commons.
Staying away from rotting and smelly things is smart because they can cause disease, so those miasma believers were on the right track, but it's not the smell of these things that actually makes people sick.
In the past, when doctors treated sick people based on this theory, treatments often involved draining some of their blood. We now know that such treatments could be more dangerous than the sicknesses they were treating – for example, in 1799 it is likely that George Washington was accidentally bled to death by his doctor while being treated for a throat infection!
What is Germ Theory?
Germ = Late Middle English word (from an Old French word, originally from Latin) germen, which means 'seed, sprout'.
While the compound microscope (from the Ancient Greek for 'small' [mikros] and 'to see' [skopein]) was invented in the 1600s, it wasn't until the 1800s that people realised they could actually see (through Lister's improved microscope design) that germs – also known as microorganisms – existed, and could cause disease in people, animals and plants. A number of people had already tried to replace Miasma Theory with Germ Theory, but it took the work of scientists like Louis Pasteur and John Snow in the 1850s to popularise the idea that germs caused most diseases. Support for Miasma Theory didn't completely disappear until the 1880s because, like any new scientific idea, it took a while to catch on. And unsurprisingly, people found it hard to believe in something they couldn't see, until the technology came along to help them see it!
The first doctor on record (named Ignaz Semmelweis) to suggest that doctors should wash their hands between patients to avoid spreading disease was completely ignored by other doctors … He eventually died in an lunatic asylum from a disease he could have avoided if only his doctor had washed his hands!! There are many scientific ideas through history which people laughed at, or ignored, which turned out to be true. You can explore some of the most fascinating ones here.
How did these changes to the way we understand disease change our lives?
S.T.Gill's Butcher's Shamble, 1852, shows the unclean conditions in which meat was bought and sold before the popularisation of Germ Theory and the invention of electricity (to enable refrigeration)
By the time Germ Theory became popular, the Victorian gold rushes were well underway. In other parts of the world, the Industrial Revolution was creating factories around which cities were growing. Such hives of human activity like a mining centre or industrial city pushed people closer together than they had probably ever lived before in all of human history – and of course this meant diseases could spread more easily than ever from person to person. Knowledge of Germ Theory and the medicines it made possible over the next 100 years helped cure many diseases, but most importantly it helped to create more sanitary conditions, which meant people started living in cleaner houses and communities. For the first time, we started washing our hands thoroughly after going to the toilet, sterilising surgical equipment and removing and treating our sewage to make sure it didn't end up in our drinking water. During this time, we began vaccinating children to help them avoid the most deadly diseases of childhood such as smallpox, and cleaning our teeth and bodies through the popularisation of soaps and toiletry products.
In Ballarat, all of these Germ Theory changes reduced the death rate, particularly among children, and helped our city continue to grow. It affected the way we built the city and organised the infrastructure, like sewage treatment plants, hospitals, street gutters, and reservoirs (to collect and hold drinking water). Without Germ Theory, our lives would be just as brutal and short as those of our ancestors who lived during the rule of Miasma Theory.
TEDed on the development of Germ Theory: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9LC-3ZKiok
Wikipedia on Miasma Theory: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miasma_theory
Wikipedia on Germ Theory: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ_theory_of_disease
History of the microscope: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microscope
Learn about the job of a nightman – the human pooperscooper: https://sovereignhilledblog.com/2017/11/07/bad-19th-century-jobs-the-nightman/
Life expectancy has improved radically in the last 150 years in Australia: https://sovereignhilledblog.com/2016/11/30/how-to-cook-a-gold-rush-feast/
Posted in 19th century, 19th century medicine, germ theory, gold, health on the goldfields, history of medicine, history of victoria, History Teaching, history teaching resournces, inventions, miasma theory, Sovereign Hill, then and now, Uncategorized, victorian history
Tagged 19th century health, food, germ theory, health, history, medicine, miasma theory, research


Sports Fundamentals will be running AFL Holiday Camps during the June/July School Holidays. Our AFL Camps are designed for ages 4-12 years and have a major AFL focus with other sports and activities including mini Olympics, basketball and cricket. All camps are designed for boys and girls and cater for all skill levels from beginners through to advanced.
If you pay for a camp booking before Friday 29th May you can book in two days for the price of one or two children for the price of one. That's a saving of $65 per day/child! Please inform us at the time of the booking that you would like to use the early bird special.
Please note our Camps are pre-pay via credit card or Bank Transfer into the following account BSB 012352 Acc Number 268739148 Acc Name Sports Fundamentals, please put your child's name as the reference.


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Isabella (1400 – 28 February 1453) was suo jure Duchess of Lorraine, from 25 January 1431 to her death in 1453. She was also Queen of Naples by marriage to René of Anjou. Isabella ruled the Kingdom of Naples and her husband's domains in France as regent during his imprisonment in Burgundy in 1435–1438.

Life
Isabella was the eldest daughter of Charles II, Duke of Lorraine and Margaret of the Palatinate. By the death of her brothers, it was made apparent in 1410 that she would be the successor of her father in Lorraine. She was given a careful education, and described as beautiful, witty, brave and with the ability to be careful and make hard decisions in difficult circumstances.

On 24 October 1420, she married René of Anjou. In the marriage contract, it was specified that she would inherit Lorraine, as he would inherit Bar and Pont-à-Mousson, and that their child and heir would inherit all their domains, thereby uniting them.

On 25 January 1431, Isabella inherited the duchy from her father upon his death, and ruled jointly with her husband as her co-ruler, as was customary for a female monarch at that time. Her right to rule was questioned by her cousin, count Antoine de Vaudémont, who captured René in the Battle of Bulgnéville and had him imprisoned with his ally, the Duke of Burgundy. She led an army to rescue her husband from Philip III, Duke of Burgundy. She managed to secure a ceasefire, and the Emperor recognized her right to rule on 24 April 1434.

On November 1434, her imprisoned spouse inherited the domains of Anjou, Provence and Maine from his brother as well as the position of heir to the throne of Naples, and on 2 February 1435, he inherited the throne of Naples. René appointed her to act as his general governor until his release, and a Napolese embassy asked her to come to Naples to assume the post of regent until her spouse could do so in person. She left with her son Louis and a fleet. The mid-16th century Chronicle of Gaspare Fuscolillo records that Isabella arrived in Naples on 15 October 1435. As regent of Naples, was to face the struggle with the other competitor to the throne of Naples, Alfonso of Aragon. She was given military support from the pope, but could not cooperate well with its commander, Jacopo Caldora.

René was released in 1437, and arrived in Naples to take over the rule from Isabella in May 1438. Isabella left with Louis to return to Lorraine in August 1440. In Lorraine, she finally defeated Antoine de Vaudémont 27 March 1441. When Charles VII of France visited in Nancy, they introduced Agnes Sorel to him, who was one of Isabella's ladies-in-waiting. She soon afterwards became the king's influential mistress.
In July 1445, Isabella appointed her son John to be her governor general in Lorraine, and retired to her manor Launay in Saumur.

Isabella died on 28 February 1453 at the age of 53. Her son John succeeded her as Duke of Lorraine. She was buried in Angers Cathedral. René then married, on 10 September 1454, Jeanne de Laval, but this marriage was childless.

Issue
René and Isabella had the following children:
John II (2 August 1424 – 16 December 1470), Duke of Lorraine and King of Naples, married Marie de Bourbon, daughter of Charles I, Duke of Bourbon, by whom he had issue. He also had several illegitimate children.
Louis (16 October 1427 – between 22 May and 16 October 1444), Marquis of Pont-à-Mousson and Lieutenant General of Lorraine. At the age of five, in 1432, he was sent as a hostage to Dijon with his brother John in exchange for their captive father. John was released, but Louis was not and died of pneumonia in prison.
Nicholas (2 November 1428 – 1430), twin with Yolande.
Yolande (2 November 1428 – 23 March 1483), married Frederick ΙΙ of Lorraine, count of Vaudemont; mother, among others, of duke René II of Lorraine.
Margaret (23 March 1430 – 25 August 1482), married King Henry VI of England, by whom she had a son, Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales.
Charles (1431 – 1432), Count of Guise.
Isabelle (died young).
René (died young).
Louise (1436 – 1438).
Anne (1437 – 1450, buried in Gardanne).

See also
 Dukes of Lorraine family tree

Sources
 Bernhard Röse: Isabella (Herzogin von Lothringen). In: Johann Samuel Ersch, Johann Gottfried Gruber (Hrsg.): Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste. 2. Section: H – N. Band 24: Irland – Ismuc. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1845, S. 233–236.
 Auguste Vallet de Viriville: Isabelle de Lorraine. In: Nouvelle Biographie Générale. Band 26: Isaac – Joséphine. Didot, Paris 1858, Sp. 20–22.
 Detlev Schwennicke: Europäische Stammtafeln. Neue Folge Band 1, 2: Přemysliden, Askanier, Herzoge von Lothringen, die Häuser Hessen, Württemberg und  Zähringen. Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1999, , Tafel 205.
 Henry Bogdan: La Lorraine des ducs. Sept siècles d'histoire. Perrin, Paris 2005, .

15th-century women rulers
15th-century French women
15th-century French people
Royal consorts of Naples
Isabella
Isabella
1400 births
1453 deaths
Women in war in France
Women in war in Italy
Duchesses of Anjou
Countesses of Provence
Countesses of Maine
Women in 15th-century warfare
Women in medieval European warfare

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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You are here: HomenextTopicsnextReligionnextThe Henley Hall.
The Henley Hall.
There is not a lot I can tell you about The Henley Hall, only that I grew up with it. It was always there during my younger days, and yet, maybe because I was too young, it was, or it always seemed to be closed. Today it seems to be a different story, I understand that the Hall is quite busy, in as much there is a Boot Sale there every Thursday, and if it is like the Boot Sales I have seen there will be many visitors to the hall. In my young man days, there was the dance held there occasionally on a Saturday night, quite handy for me living on Bradder Street. At the very least I could learn to dance properly, well I thought I could. I remember going to a football dance at the Henley Hall, where I won the first prize in the raffle, I won 40 Gold Flake Cigarettes, I believe it was a time when most people smoked. On my last visit to Mansfield the Hall looked nothing like the Henley Hall I remembered. Which prompted me to do a rough sketch of the hall as it was a few years ago. I believe the Hall belongs to Saint Mark's Church so if it was built at the same time, it must be well over 100 years old. Also I recall seeing some connection with Wren, somewhere, which makes me wonder if there are any other Henley Halls!
I have recently been reading the write up of the Funeral of the dear Revd. A.G. Henley. The work he put into his 52 years was phenomenal. The reason for my comment is, the mention of what was described as "The Iron Church" being used by a congregation of 4000 residents before the building of the then very new Saint Mark's Church. The only iron church I knew and attended, was St. Aiden's Church in the old brickyard. Made of Corrugated Iron. St. Aiden's was always associated with St. Marks, and was always known as a daughter Church to St. Marks.
Hello Roy, thank you for your pleasing comments, I was probably there when your father played the drums. I do remember the Hawian Guitar coming into its own. Enjoyed many Saturday nights at the Henley Hall.Wow! Carl Bryan, used to play a lot of football with him on the old Hayfield. He like myself were one of the first to play in the Bradder Street team. I remember Terry a great artist painter, painting all round the walls of their front room in a Desert Scene. They also had one of the Air Raid Shelters right outside of the front door of their house. And of course, both Terry and Carl were fantastic Jivers, both dressing the part. I am sure that Carl will remember most of what has been written about Bradder Street on these pages. Roy, please give him my best regards, and upon my next visit to the old town, I'll make an effort to meet up. Tell Carl we have lost a few of the old Gang on the way. Many thanks to you both. Alan
Loved reading about The Henley Hall Alan. My father used to play in the band on Saturday nights during the war. He played the drums in various bands but one I remember was The Phil Stanley Four. It was quiet a novelty because Phil played ,amongst other instruments, an Hawian Electric Guitar..very unusual in them days. I used to help carry my fathers drum kit .. we lived in Grove Street. Lots of soldiers came to the dance, mainly RASC who were billeted at the Drill hall on Bath St. By the way I've been asked to say, that Carl Bryan wishes to be remembered to you and says " He's still alive and kicking!"
By Roy Cornwell (25/01/2015)
More about the Henley Hall…. I came across this information relating to the Saint Marks Henley Memorial Hall…It is dedicated to the memory of the Revd. A. G. Henley, a former vicar of Saint Mark's, who was drowned in tragic circumstances on the 5th of August 1904. It was opened on the 23rd of October 1909. by the Revd. Lowndes Day, Canon A.H. Prior of Saint Peter's and the Revd. W Lilley of Saint John's..
Take a look at http://www.stmarksmansfield.org.uk/hhmain.aspx to discover more about Henley Hall and the activities there today.
By Editors (12/02/2014)
Bethel Church Anniversary
British Legion Parade at Forest Town
Congregational Church
Elizabeth Heath
Father Oliver's Departure From St. Aidans Church
Festival of Queens
Forest Town - St Alban's Church
Forest Town in 1948
Forest Town Methodist Church
Forest Town Post Card
Forest Town Sunday School Outing
Forest Town War Memorial
Friends Meeting House - Mansfield
George Fox of Mansfield
James Harold Holloway
John Crampton Mayor of Mansfield 1902
John Darrell
Joyce Baker, nee Hargreave of Woodhouse Quaker Meeting.
Mansfield Primitive Methodist Sunday School
Mansfield Salvation Army Guards
Mansfield Salvation Army Singing Company
Mansfield Woodhouse Parish Church
MANSFIELD WOODHOUSE WESLEYANS F.C.
Mansfield's Secret Pioneers
Mothers Union Outing 1928
Mystery Photograph
Nativity Plays on the Childrens Ward 1964
Nativity Plays on the Childrens Wards in the 1960s
Nellie's Bible
Nottingham Road Methodist Sunday School
Pleasley Hill Children
Prize Award
Saint Phillip Neri Church - Mansfield
Salvation Army - Mansfield
Salvation Army Band
Salvation Army Mansfield
St Alban's Church 5th November 1910
St Alban's Church Fete
St Alban's Church Forest Town
St Alban's Church Yard Forest Town
St Alban's Church Yard, Forest Town
St Alban's Church, Forest Town
St Albans Church
St Barnabus Church, Pleasley in the 1970s
St Lawrences Church
St Mary's Church, Ladybrook
St Mary's Ladybrook
St Peter's Church Mansfield
St Peter's Guides & Brownies
St. Aidan's Church
The History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) in Mansfield
The Independent Chapel, Quaker Lane
The Old Meeting House
The Old Meeting House and the Four Seasons
The Quakers In Mansfield
The Spirituality of George Fox, Quaker
Three Anglican Churches in Mansfield
War Graves at St Albans
Wesleyan Chapel, Skerry Hill
Which Sunday School?
Winifred Baggaley

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Another film list: Total Film magazine presents its 50 Greatest Horror Movies of All Time. Very interesting selection - whatever you might say about the futility of lists in general, you have to give some credit to one that includes such titles as Romero's Martin, Bergman's Hour of the Wolf and Lynch's Eraserhead. Many of my favourite films are on the list (including some that aren't horror films in the most conventional sense - Psycho, Peeping Tom, Carrie, Bride of Frankenstein, Don't Look Now, for instance).
Critics can be particularly rough on horror pictures. It's so easy - too easy, sometimes - to make these spook-shows sound risible and preposterous in synopsis, especially once you remove them from the darkness of the theater and examine them in the harsh light of black and white newsprint (or monitor pixels).
He goes on to talk about four underrated horror films that he thinks deserve re-evaluation. It's a lovely piece, full of the protectiveness so often felt by die-hard fans of the genre (and incongruously tender, given that it discusses films like Cronenberg's The Brood). Read the whole thing here.
P.S. Have been trying for some time to put together a comprehensive essay on my own experiences with horror films over the years. Been working on it for some time but (much like the body parts in early Cronenberg films) it just isn't coming together right. Soon.
P.P.S. Here are two related posts: on The Texas Chainsaw Massacre and Robert Bloch, Lon Chaney and The Legacy.
I'm surprised they left out the cult Brit horror film '28 Days Later' - an apocalyptic look into the future of mankind. And 'The Omen' is missing too!
what about The last house on the left,thats one creepy movie.If i remember rightly it was directed by Craven.


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RUMOR: 'Resident Evil 7' may be unveiled at E3
Matt Liparota
Despite underwhelming commercial and critical response to the sixth entry, Capcom's Resident Evil franchise may not be DOA just yet, if a new rumor is to be believed.
VG24/7 reports the discovery of a reported teaser poster for Resident Evil 7, with verbiage suggesting the reveal is intended to come at next month's E3, just a few weeks away. This Photobucket library features the images in question.
Of course, with nothing even remotely resembling any kind of confirmation from Capcom, this is absolutely, positively, 100 percent rumor for now – especially considering that anyone with a working knowledge of Photoshop can work up a convincing teaser image like those. We'll have to wait for official word from Capcom one way or another.
If there is validity to the rumor, what do you think? Are you still intrigued enough by the Resident Evil franchise to pick up a seventh entry, or did RE6 burn you out on the series? Let us know in the comments.
Matt Liparota is a news reporter and editor for Stick Skills and professional newspaper designer working in Madison, Wis. Playing games his entire life has engendered an unabashed love of the industry, flaws and all. He'll try almost any kind of game at least once and also enjoys long walks on the beach, puppies and fine cheeses. Follow him on Twitter @mrliparota.


We are looking for an innovative and creative marketing manager to support the business growth of GRC International Group plc and its subsidiary companies into the technology and media sectors.
This is an exciting, wide-ranging role that will require the successful applicant to work closely with the wider team in achieving the company's ambitions.
* Preferably experienced in international marketing and fluent in at least one other European language, although these are not a prerequisite of the role.
If you would like to play an active part in helping our company achieve its goals, we would love to hear from you.


While the central and south of Vietnam get the most of sunlight, which offers tourists the perfect Vietnam beach vacation with mild temperatures ranging from 23 -26 degrees Celsius, the north region is surrounded with high humid coldness. In winter, Hanoi and nearby areas (Halong Bay, Ninh Binh, Mai Chau etc.) may drop to below 10°C and it is even more severe in mountainous areas like Sapa, Ha Giang, Mau Son etc., when the temperature may drop below 0°C.
Regardless of the coldness of Northern Vietnam in winter, tourism is considered to be at high season as many foreign travelers come to visit this area during this time.
Sapa is beautiful all year round but winter provides a special charm that visitors will not want to miss. The fog creates an aura of mystery that also lends credence to Sapa's reputation as Heaven's Resort. Many people, especially photography lovers, visit the town in winter as the temperature can dip below the freezing point, which gives Sapa amazing look with snow. If you love the peace and tranquility, Sapa valley is a must-see place on your tour to Vietnam.
Mai Chau in winter can be quite cold since the valley gets a lot of humidity and fog. The region is home to different ethnic minorities and provides a culturally rich experience to any tourist. You can spend your time biking and trekking or taking in the sights of farmers tending to their paddy fields. Make your way to Chieu Cave as well, which boasts stunning stalactites that are breathtaking in their beauty.
Tam Dao is a stunning sight to visit. Majestic mountains loom through clouds and invite visitors to marvel at their beauty. One of the highlights of this area could be Tam Dao National Park. It has a unique climatic condition due to the tall mountainous range divides the region into two parts, which contributes to rich biodiversity. The park has eight types of forests and more than 800 species of animals.
Though not a big proportion of Vietnamese people are Christians, Christmas Eve is still widely celebrated in many big cities in Vietnam. The streets in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city are often packed with people on the night of 24th December when everyone gets excited to enjoy Christmas decorations and lights of Catholic Cathedrals or simply takes pictures at marvelous decorative scenes of big hotels and department stores. Santa Claus services to give presents to children become popular today.
Tet is the Vietnamese Lunar New Year and falls on January or February, the same time the Chinese New Year is observed. This national holiday of Vietnam officially lasts for three days but many people stretch it to a week or even 10 days. There is a noticeable buzz before Tet as people are busy to shop, clean their homes and prepare special food for the celebration. Ancestor worship, giving lucky money to children and old people are some featured culture of Vietnam during Tet holiday. If you want to travel to Vietnam in time for Tet, you probably need to book tickets and accommodation well in advance.
In 2019, Tet holiday takes place from 5th February to 7th February.
Hoi An Lantern Festival is celebrated on the 14th day of each month. It takes place in the former port city of Hoi An with the majority of celebrations centered in the Ancient Area. Beautifully crafted paper lanterns bring amazing scene for the eyes. You can also attend lantern-making classes, listen to musicians playing traditional instruments and join a game or two for Chinese chess.
The Perfume Pagoda (Chua Huong) in Hanoi draws a lot of local Pilgrims and tourists from different parts of the country to attend the festival. Travelers journey by boat to Huong Mountain, then disembark and continue by foot to Huong Tich cave. The festival falls on the end of winters in mid- February to early March.
Traveling to Vietnam during the winter season is a completely new experience. Head to different parts of the region and you will be presented with views and festivals that are a once-in-a-lifetime experience. Its natural beauty is unmatched with mouth-watering cuisine and outstanding temples. Then why do you hesitate to come to Vietnam this winter season to soak in everything it has to offer?


The Australian Government introduced some changes to mental health cover earlier this year, making it easier for policy holders to access mental health services.
Previously, if patients were on a hospital policy which provided restricted benefits for psychiatric care, they would have to upgrade their cover and complete a two-month waiting period before accessing any higher benefits.
Now, patients can upgrade their cover without having to serve this two-month waiting period to access higher benefits for psychiatric care in a private hospital.
This is a once in a lifetime offer. An exemption on the two-month waiting period for upgraded cover can only be used once.
This exemption can also only be accessed if the patient has already completed an initial two months of membership on any level of hospital cover.
View print friendly version of this information.
Individual health funds should be contacted for detailed information on this offer.
For general information about the exemption, visit the Australian Department of Health website and go to the section called 'Supporting Mental Health – waiting period exemption for higher benefits'.


This is a delicious, moist cornbread.
Heat oven to 400 degrees F (200 degrees C). Grease a 13 x 9-inch baking pan.
In a small bowl, combine cornmeal and milk; let stand for 5 minutes.
Bake for 30 to 35 minutes, or until a knife inserted into the center of the cornbread comes out clean.


Our involvement in projects which support the local and national sustainability agenda for transport ensures we have a unique insight into the latest needs, trends and techniques in integrated transport infrastructure.
We have constructed: Park & Ride facilities, bus stations, cycleways, safe routes to schools, dedicated bus routes, and rail schemes. Sites for such schemes are often very restricted and demanding. We ensure the safety of the public throughout the process, delivering practical facilities on time and to budget.


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This is the last post in my three-part mini-series on the cross. In my first post I talked about how it is necessary to express the "horizontal" aspect of the cross by staying connected with the people around you. Then in my last post I talked about how it is equally necessary to express the "vertical" aspect of the cross by spending alone time with God each and every day, cultivating a deeper sense of spirituality. Today I want to talk about how it is important to keep these two dimensions in balance with each other.
What does an out of balance cross look like? On the one hand, someone who has neglected the horizontal aspect will probably look like a bit of a recluse, whether they acknowledge that or not. They might cultivate two different identities: the face they can put on around church friends, and the face they can put on around everyone else. I feel like this has described me on more than one occassion! So I don't mean to point fingers by writing this, but I do mean to stimulate a healthy sense of self-examination.
Jesus did not cultivate his own deeper sense of spirituality and oneness with the Father only to hide it behind closed doors and keep it to himself. Nor did St. Paul wait until he had all of his ducks lined up in a row before he started boldly preaching the gospel and healing others. Christianity exists to be a positive influence in the world, to make waves in an ocean of suffering and selfishness. Mary Baker Eddy, the founder of my church, once wrote, "sea captains on shore are of no use." Too much focus on the transcendental without the balance of the human side of things can breed self-righteousness and hypocrisy, or it can just be a mask to hide our own fears of actually living the things we like to talk about.
Stepping out of ones comfort zone is never easy. Jesus said, "Whenever a woman is in labor she has pain, because her hour has come; but when she gives birth to the child, she no longer remembers the anguish because of the joy that a child has been born into the world." The newborn child that he speaks of there is a great metaphor for your own life purpose. The downward tendencies of the world would try to miscarry your life purpose. But we each have to rouse ourselves from the sleepy or frightened tendencies to hide away from the world. We need to get out there and shine. Just this morning a friend asked me, "are you being an influence in the world, or are you letting the world influence you?" This is a question we should all be asking ourselves every day. And in order to be an influence for others, you actually have to talk to them.
On the flip side, the cross might also be out of balance if someone has neglected the vertical. That kind of individual goes with the flow and is more interested in "keeping the peace" than making waves that might offend somebody (unless those waves try to justify a pet sin). Jesus gave two great commandments: to love God supremely, and to love others as we love ourselves. But the order of those two commandments matters! We need to put God first, before people. When we're more interested in pleasing others (or ourselves) than we are pleasing God, this also diminishes our own life purpose - or confuses it. That could include idolizing someone as a source of happiness, like a lover for instance. Or it could mean idolizing someone as a source of unhappiness, like a hated politician.
A neglect of the "divinity" aspect of the cross also tends to shut down our natural, childlike willingness to be corrected. It shuts off healthy self-examination and stifles our spiritual progress, defending this stagnation in the name of "compassion." Mary Baker Eddy also wrote, "One thing all must do - watch, and if anything looks like leaning away from God, drop it instantly." How willing are we to let go, instantly, of anything that would hinder our own progress, whether that's a questionable relationship, or another drink, or even long-cherished patterns of thinking? I realize that's a tall order. But at the end of the day, are those things really drawing us closer to God? Do they really leave us feeling more fulfilled?
Do I have two identities, or one? Do I hide one of them from society?
Am I afraid of bringing God into the conversation? Why?
When's the last time I influenced someone in a conversation in a meaningful way?
What is my life purpose? Does that purpose serve God more than it serves me?
Who or what am I making gods out of? Who am I making devils out of?
How much time do I honestly spend in prayer each day? Are my prayers effective?
Have I actually read the Bible? Do I actually know what it is I claim to believe in?
I challenge you to take each of these questions as they apply to yourself, not as a tool for correcting others. It's not our province to work out someone else's salvation, only our own.


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HomeArchiveAUDIO INTERVIEW & ARTICLE: Bill White Speaks from Prison
AUDIO INTERVIEW & ARTICLE: Bill White Speaks from Prison
June 15, 2013 AFP Archive 0
AFP AUDIO INTERVIEW
Dave Gahary got to speak with William A. "Bill" White from prison, twice, the former commander of the American National Socialist Workers Party, and regular contributor to THE BARNES REVIEW and AMERICAN FREE PRESS newspaper.
The first interview was conducted from the Metropolitan Correctional Center, Chicago, while the second transmitted from the Federal Transfer Center, Oklahoma City.
Bill explains his predicament and shines the light on a system that exists not to dispense justice but to punish any and all effective critics of it, in this shocking interview (13:51).
Bill White Case Reveals Horrors of Federal Prison Complex
• Pro-American author brutalized by United States justice system
William A. "Bill" White, the former commander of the American National Socialist Workers Party, and regular contributor to THE BARNES REVIEW and AMERICAN FREE PRESS newspaper, contacted this reporter from prison for a series of interviews in April. The first interview was conducted from the Metropolitan Correctional Center, Chicago, while the second transmitted from the Federal Transfer Center, Oklahoma City. After prison authorities had uncovered that White had interviewed with the national media, he was thrown into solitary confinement as punishment.
The first interview was conducted on March 31, 2013 and the second on April 4, 2013. In between the interviews a court ruling occurred, which has ominous rumblings for many Americans.
Bill explained his current predicament.
"I've been prosecuted seven times by the federal government in the last five years. The case I'm up here on was a case that has been dismissed twice. It's now at the Supreme Court. It's kind of an interesting issue. I used to publish a website called overthrow.com and we had about 150,000 unique readers every month and we published some material that was critical of a juror in the Matthew Hale case. And the government charged me criminally with soliciting a violent felony for the fact that I criticized them in front of an audience that the government argued was inherently violent. And while the judge threw the case out twice, the Seventh Circuit, a Jewish fellow named [Richard A.] Posner, writing the opinion for them, ruled that the government was correct and that people who share my point of view are so inherently criminal that to merely criticize somebody in front such an audience is in fact a solicitation of a violent felony."
Bill touched on his other case which starkly revealed the inherent inequities of the U.S. justice system.
"I was supposed to travel to Virginia for…another…very similar issue, but what happened there was that it was on appeal at the Fourth Circuit, a Jewish fellow named [Paul V.] Niemeyer wrote an opinion upholding a similar case. But there were two dissents on the opinion. And the case was going to go en banc ("a legal term used to refer to a case heard or to be heard before all judges of a court – in other words, before the entire bench – rather than by a panel selected from them") when suddenly my attorney, a woman named Melissa Scoggins, just simply didn't file the appeal. And she later admitted that she had been advised by somebody that it was no longer in her interest to represent me and so she had deliberately sabotaged my appeal, so that gave rise to yet another appeal. The government has admitted that my attorney was tampered with but has argued that I did not have a right to not have my attorney tampered with, if you can understand that. They're claiming that because appeals beyond the panel level do not carry a right to counsel, there is no right to what's called 'ineffective assistance of counsel,' ("a claim raised by a convicted criminal defendant that their attorney's performance was so ineffective that it deprived them of the constitutional right guaranteed by the Assistance of Counsel Clause of the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution") which means as my friend Mike Piper said, that if I pay an attorney $50,000, the government can give her $100,000, and win the case without it ever been heard at a higher court."
Now, you've never really did anything, asked AFP, except they're going after you because of your words?
"Well that's exactly right. Both the cases where they've achieved convictions have involved just simply criticizing people."
You're in jail, asked AFP, did you hit somebody, did you kill somebody?
"No, there's absolutely been no violence. But the judge pointed out that if I'd actually attacked the juror in this case with a weapon, I would've received a lower sentence than if I had simply criticized him."
AFP asked him to discuss prison conditions.
"During my time in federal prison I have been subject to very extreme brutality. Particularly at the beginning, I was subjected to sleep deprivation; I was thrown in cells that were freezing cold. I at one point was held overnight in a cell that was flooded with human feces. All in order to get me to confess to something that just never happened. And the first 30 months that I spent in prison, I can tell you I spent 21 of those in solitary confinement."
"This kind of brutality towards people, particularly in political cases, is extremely routine in the federal prisons. Until very recently, they've been allowed to hold people indefinitely, often in subhuman conditions; in solitary confinement. And this is been a routine procedure the Bureau of Prisons uses to extort false confessions from people. And really these distorted, false confessions are the bread-and-butter of the federal legal system."
AFP asked Bill if his experiences in prison have changed his views of America.
"I was always a critic of the U.S. government, but I was once somebody who fundamentally believed in the possibility of democratic change. And what I've really come to realize being in prison, is that the U.S. government is fundamentally illegitimate. This is a group of extremely violent, essentially criminal people, not just in the United States towards their own citizens but internationally. And they claim to be promoting democracy or the empowerment of people, but what they're really promoting is their own power over people in the name of democracy. Democracy for them has really become, the world democratic revolution I should say, has really become for them what the world worker's revolution was for the Soviet Union. And they really don't scruple against using the same tactics here domestically that the Soviets used to control their own citizenry and I've unfortunately sort of been trapped in the middle of this."
AFP spoke with Bill the second time in Oklahoma and began by discussing a legal ruling that had occurred after our first interview.
"The United States Supreme Court has refused to hear my appeal, which means that the government's decision that they can label the audiences of publications to be inherently violent and thus to interpret any speech towards that audience as a solicitation of violence, stands. So, this sort of unprecedented power that the United States has granted itself to attack the entire audience of a publication without identifying a single individual member of that publication to have ever been involved in any sort of violence but to simply say because of a political view that audience is inherently violent, that has now been affirmed, for all purposes, by the United States Supreme Court."
By them refusing to hear your case, asked AFP?
"That's correct. They've refused to hear it which means that they uphold the decision of the Seventh Circuit.
Is that what that means, asked AFP, or does that mean they just don't want to get involved in it?
"It means that they uphold it. They don't want to get involved in it, but that is a law now. The Seventh Circuit makes the law, and there's never been a solicitation case that has been decided in this manner in the past. So this new law that this Jewish federal judge Posner created with his opinion…that the Supreme Court said that that's okay."
So that's the law in the land now, asked AFP?
"It is in the Seventh Circuit."
AFP asked what exactly would someone have to do in order to violate this law.
"Speak to an audience that the United States government feels is inherently violent. Criticize someone before an audience. What I did was criticize a federal juror on a website and the judge determined that the audience of the website, all 150,000 unique monthly readers, was inherently violent and therefore my criticism could be interpreted as a solicitation of violence. So all you have to do is get in front of an audience that the government for political reasons has labeled inherently violent and say that I dislike this person and that could be interpreted as a solicitation for that audience to commit violent acts."
AFP asked what this says about this country.
"There is no way for people who are outside the political system to participate in American democracy. The goal of participating in the American system is not a correct one. What has to happen is that the American system has to be removed if good people are going to govern this country again."
"There's plenty to be done in this country but again the goal of trying to participate in the system through speaking about issues is really an unattainable goal. The government has absolutely forbidden anyone to speak out in a meaningful way are outside of the sort of false political dichotomy they've created. So I do what I can do and one of the things I think's very important is that the deconstruction of the progressive myth of history. The United States of America is dependent on this sort of false neo-Marxist narrative that it and its system is the culmination of all historical processes. And that this narrative is really the sole justification for American power. There is no pretense in this country that what the government does is based on right or wrong or that it's engaged in service to some particular people but merely that what it is doing is the inevitable result of history and therefore everyone should simply get behind it, 'cause that's what's going to be. And to destroy this myth and to undermine the moral basis of the philosophical basis of American power, involves a reevaluation of all values of history. And that is what I try to do my books."
Dave Gahary, a former submariner in the U.S. Navy, is the host of AFP's 'Underground Interview' series.
Be sure to check out all of AFP's free audio interviews. You'll find them on the HOME PAGE, in the ARCHIVES & in the AUDIO section.


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The ultimate goal of the Forest Lake Area Trail System (FLATS) is to develop a trail system connecting Kirksville and Thousand Hills State Park. The first phase of the trail is a ten-foot wide concrete trail between the Petroglyph Site and Marina in Thousand Hills State Park. FLATS' long-term mission is to support the use, development, promotion, and maintenance of trails in Adair County.

The Forest Lake Area Trail System was formed by a group of citizens who volunteer their time and/or money to make this project a reality. They are working closely with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Thousand Hills State Park, the City of Kirksville, Adair County, area service organizations, and the Kirksville community to develop this trail.

External links
 Forest Lake Area Trail System web site

Non-profit organizations based in Missouri
Bike paths in Missouri
Hiking trails in Missouri
Protected areas of Adair County, Missouri


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Take a 360-degree tour of each of our 16 universities, either on your desktop, laptop, phone, or VR headset.
All videos on this page are also available for viewing in virtual reality through the GEAR UP NC VR app.
There is no charge for downloading or using the app, which is available in the Apple and Google stores. The GEAR UP NC VR app is the first of its kind, and the largest VR project for social good to date. This marks the first time a university system has used the technology across all of its institutions.
The GEAR UP VR app can be downloaded from the iTunes store at https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/gear-up-vr/id1390999670?mt=8 or from the Google Play store at https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.askmedia.gearup&hl=en_IN
It can also be found in the Apple App store or the Google Play store by searching for GEAR UP VR.
N.C. A&T University
University of North Carolina School of the Arts
Appalachian State University, in North Carolina's Blue Ridge Mountains, prepares students to lead purposeful lives as global citizens who understand and engage their responsibilities in creating a sustainable future for all. The transformational Appalachian experience promotes a spirit of inclusion, which brings people together in inspiring ways to acquire and create knowledge, to grow holistically, to act with passion and determination, and embrace diversity and difference. As one of 17 campuses in the UNC System, Appalachian enrolls about 19,000 students, has a low student-to-faculty ratio, and offers more than 150 undergraduate and graduate majors.
East Carolina University, or ECU as it's best known, offers more than 84 bachelor's, 71 master's, and 18 doctoral degrees to nearly 29,000 students on its campus in Greenville, NC, and through an acclaimed online learning program. The university's school of medicine is recognized nationally for producing primary care physicians and for cardiovascular research and advanced robotic surgery, as well as obesity and diabetes breakthroughs. ECU also boasts standout programs in business, education, nursing, and the arts, and it takes pride in impacting the health and prosperity of North Carolina's rural communities.
Located near Atlantic coast harbors where pirates once roamed, ECU adopted the "Pirates" mascot in 1934 for its athletics program and competes in NCAA Division 1. The university has a globally recognized academic underwater archaeology program and enjoys a supportive relationship with U.S. military services.
Since 1891, Elizabeth City State University has proudly served students from around the country, across the state, and, most notably, from northeastern North Carolina. ECSU's commitment to providing access to an intellectually stimulating, high-quality, affordable education in an ideal campus setting will continue to serve as its hallmark.
As a constituent institution of the UNC System, ECSU offers baccalaureate, professional, and master's degrees for a diverse student body. We achieve our commitment to the highest quality education by maintaining a rigorous focus on academic excellence through liberal arts programs and using innovative and flexible technology-based instruction models to enhance our signature areas: integrating technology with education, improving human health and wellness, and advancing the natural and aviation sciences.
Through teaching, research, and community engagement, the institution's rich heritage and its current multicultural student-centered focus provide a firm foundation for its endeavors. It serves the needs and aspirations of individuals and society, producing graduates for leadership roles and life-long learning.
Fayetteville State University dates back to 1867, when seven black men founded the Howard School for the purpose of educating black children. We are proud of being the second-oldest state-supported institution in North Carolina. The 2017-2018 academic year marks our 150th anniversary.
We continue to build on the proud tradition of excellence at FSU as we strive to stay at the forefront of innovation. Our students conduct cutting-edge research in state-of-the-art facilities; new programs like our certificate in cyber security seek to solve modern problems; and we prepare our students for success in a global economy through programs like Global Scholars, foreign language teaching assistants, and study abroad.
Though we have come a long way from the single academic building of our founding, we honor our history with our traditions, such as Convocation and the Pinning Ceremony, when new students officially become members of the Bronco family.
From our roots as a land-grant university established in 1890, we have expanded and adapted to become a school fit for the 21st century and beyond.
N.C. A&T has always featured award-winning faculty, intensive research programs, and community-focused initiatives — but now our campus is more diverse, our curriculum includes nanoengineering, and our idea of public service encompasses not only Greensboro, but the world.
We believe in our students' power to solve problems, both local and global, through technology, business, engineering, the arts, and other endeavors. We believe that through exemplary instruction and interdisciplinary studies, through scholarly and creative research, and through courage and community service, N.C. A&T prepares students to enhance the quality of life for themselves, the citizens of North Carolina, the nation, and the world.
North Carolina Central University is a comprehensive master's institution that offers bachelor's and master's degrees, a Juris Doctor, and a Ph.D. in integrated biosciences to a diverse student population. Founded in 1910 as the nation's first public liberal arts college for African Americans, NCCU remains committed to diversity in and access to higher education.
With a strong tradition of teaching, research, and service, NCCU prepares students to become global leaders and practitioners who transform communities. Through a nationally recognized law school, highly acclaimed and innovative programs in the visual and performing arts, sciences, business, humanities, and education programs, NCCU students are engaged problem solvers. Located in the Research Triangle, the university advances research in the biotechnological, biomedical, informational, computational, behavioral, social, and health sciences. Our students enhance the quality of life of citizens and the economic development of North Carolina, the nation, and the world.
At NC State University, we create economic, societal, and intellectual prosperity for North Carolina and the nation. Founded more than a century ago as a land-grant institution grounded in agriculture and engineering, NC State is now a pre-eminent research enterprise that excels across disciplines.
Our students learn by doing. They pursue original research and start new companies. They establish connections with top employers and serve communities both locally and globally. Our world-leading faculty bridge the divides between academic disciplines and forge powerful partnerships with government, industry, nonprofits, and academia to make our world a better place.
Each year, NC State adds more than $6.5 billion to North Carolina's economy in the form of groundbreaking research, cutting-edge technologies, successful companies, skilled graduates, and new jobs.
The University of North Carolina at Asheville is North Carolina's designated public liberal arts university and is consistently ranked as one of the top ten public liberal arts colleges in the nation. The cornerstone of UNC Asheville's approach to education is the ability to explore the connections among different subjects and learn beyond the classroom walls. Enrolling about 3,800 students and offering more than 30 undergraduate majors, UNC Asheville encourages students to dig into learning through small class sizes, close collaboration with faculty and peers, and high-impact experiences.
From participating in internships and our nationally acclaimed undergraduate research program, to studying abroad and engaging the community, students experience an education that extends beyond campus into the vibrant city of Asheville, the surrounding Blue Ridge Mountains, and the world. UNC Asheville students are prepared to seek challenges, solve problems, and become the next generation of leaders.
The nation's first public university is at the heart of what's next, preparing a diverse student body to become creators, explorers, innovators, and leaders in North Carolina and throughout the world.
Carolina's nationally recognized, innovative teaching, campus-wide spirit of inquiry, and dedication to public service continue the legacy that began in 1795 when the University first opened its doors to students.
In Chapel Hill, students develop a voice for critical thought and the courage to guide change. They connect to the future they're already shaping. Carolina is committed to access for all, providing life-changing opportunities such as the Carolina Covenant, which promises a debt-free education to low-income students.
In its third century – an era of groundbreaking study and research – UNC-Chapel Hill is harnessing the very best of our fast-changing world. We're proud to advance knowledge for this and each generation to come.
UNC Charlotte is North Carolina's urban research university. It leverages its location in the state's largest city to offer internationally competitive programs of research and creative activity, exemplary undergraduate, graduate and professional programs, and a focused set of community engagement initiatives. UNC Charlotte maintains a particular commitment to addressing the cultural, economic, educational, environmental, health, and social needs of the greater Charlotte region.
Immediately following World War II, the United States experienced an urgent need for a workforce with the education necessary to meet the demands generated by the war and its technology. UNC Charlotte is one of the universities founded at that time in metropolitan areas throughout the United States to meet that need. While it began offering just evening classes taught in the facilities of Charlotte Central High School, the storied institution has grown into the region's preeminent research university on a beautiful, vibrant 1,000-acre campus designed to meet the needs of a new era.
UNC Greensboro creates a remarkable, real-world impact every day. With a legacy of opportunity and excellence, UNCG maintains a collective, tenacious focus on student success and a welcoming environment where everyone finds their place. Founded in 1891, UNCG is one of the most diverse universities in North Carolina, with a vast array of students--nearly 20,000 strong--and over 2,700 faculty and staff members representing more than 90 nationalities. The impact of the more than 35,000 alumni living within 25 miles of the beautiful, downtown campus is evident throughout Greensboro and the Piedmont Triad region.
UNCG is one of only 50 doctoral institutions recognized by the Carnegie Foundation for both higher research activity and community engagement. With 17 Division I athletic teams, 85 undergraduate degrees in over 100 areas of study, as well as 74 master's and 32 doctoral programs, UNCG is consistently recognized nationally among the top universities for academic excellence and value, with noted strengths in health and wellness, visual and performing arts, nursing, education, global connections and more.
On campus, online or through extension programs, UNC Greensboro is relentlessly focused on helping all students unleash their potential and make a meaningful impact with their lives.
The University of North Carolina at Pembroke is a master's-level university with a spirited community of more than 6,200 students.
With a wide array of bachelor's and master's degree offerings, fantastic Pembroke faculty, and a diverse community of cultures, ideas, and organizations at their fingertips, UNCP students are poised to excel in life.
Each student is an individual at UNCP. Our students get a chance to make names for themselves – to stand out in a warm and welcoming community that wants them to succeed – and experience a rare combination of opportunities, cultures, and ideas that can't be found anywhere else.
Located in the Southeast North Carolina town of Pembroke, UNCP has a rich American Indian history. With small class sizes, a low student-faculty ratio and one of the most diverse campuses in the nation, UNCP is a growing university that empowers students to go on to live vibrant, fulfilling lives.
UNCW welcomes students from throughout the state and around the world. At the state's coastal university, students enjoy a powerful academic experience that stimulates creative inquiry, critical thinking and thoughtful expression in a beautiful campus setting. With nearly 17,000 students, UNCW is a mid-sized public institution with a private feel, offering four rigorous academic colleges and a robust graduate school.
UNCW is one of the 16 public universities in the UNC System, consistently recognized at a national level for academic excellence and affordability. The university offers a full range of baccalaureate- and graduate-level programs, doctoral degrees in educational leadership, marine biology, nursing practice and psychology, and numerous distance education programs.
In addition to challenging students with rigorous coursework, the university prepares students for the world beyond the classroom through undergraduate research, study abroad, internships and service learning. The Campus Activities and Involvement Center provides a gateway to campus entertainment as well as leadership and involvement opportunities, including more than 260 student organizations and a host of campus/community partnerships, which connect students to the broader Wilmington community.
America's first public arts conservatory, the University of North Carolina School of the Arts has a unique mission: to train talented, creative students for professional careers in the arts.
Approximately 1,300 students are enrolled, from high school through post-master's, in the five professional schools that make up the School of the Arts: dance, design and production, drama, filmmaking, and music. Along with rigorous arts training, students receive academic instruction through the Division of Liberal Arts and the High School Academic Program.
Admission is by audition or portfolio review. Students study with resident master teachers who have had successful careers in the arts and who remain active in their professions. Performance is an integral part of the training program, and students, faculty, and guest artists present more than 300 public performances and screenings annually.
Established by the NC General Assembly in 1963, the School of the Arts opened in Winston-Salem ("The City of Arts and Innovation") in 1965 and became part of the University of North Carolina System when it was formed in 1972.
UNCSA also serves and enriches the cultural development and economic prosperity of the people of North Carolina and the nation.
As the westernmost institution in the UNC System, WCU provides comprehensive educational opportunities to residents in the state's western region and attracts students from around the globe to explore the region's vast natural diversity. Founded in 1889 as a teaching college, Western Carolina now provides an education to more than 10,000 students in undergraduate and graduate programs.
Winston-Salem State University is a bold, vibrant, and diverse academic community that fosters the creative thinking, analytical problem-solving, and depth of character graduates need to transform themselves and their world. These values embody our motto, "Enter to Learn. Depart to Serve."
Founded in 1892, WSSU enjoys a distinguished reputation as a historically black constituent institution of the University of North Carolina that offers a rich curriculum rooted in a high-quality, liberal education. Our undergraduate and graduate students can choose from many innovative areas of study designed to equip them with the skills and knowledge needed to develop creative solutions to today's—and tomorrow's—complex problems.


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Mary Younkin, blogger at Barefeet In The Kitchen, and author of the new cookbook, The Weekday Lunches & Breakfasts Cookbook: Easy & Delicious Home-Cooked Meals for Busy Families , graciously provided me with a copy for review.* It's a beautiful book, with gorgeous photos. There are easy breakfast and lunch recipes, and also make ahead recipes, so you can cook once and eat at least twice!
We made the Southwest Chicken Fajitas on Saturday after running errands. I wanted to replicate rushed conditions to see how quickly we could go from prep to food on the plate. We sat down to eat 25 minutes after we started cooking. That time would have been cut by 10 minutes if I had sliced the onions, peppers and chicken ahead of time.
This is basically a one pan dish. It's super simple to make, and for anyone who likes Mexican food, it's delicious!
If you'd like to win a copy of this cookbook, subscribe to my blog, and comment below when you do. I'll pick the winner on April 27th, 2018.
Full disclosure – I am fundamentally incapable of following a recipe as it's written. My husband does not like green bell peppers, so we used a red and a yellow pepper. And I went easy on the amount of spices, because I have a capsaicin allergy.
Heat 1 tablespoon olive oil in a large frying pan over high heat. Add peppers and onions. Toss to coat, and cook for about 5 minutes, stirring occasionally until peppers soften and begin to brown slightly.
Place the chicken in a small mixing bowl and drizzle with remaining oil. Sprinkle the chicken with the taco seasonings and add the lime juice. Toss well to coat chicken thoroughly. Add the chicken to the pan with the peppers and onions, and reduce heat to medium. Stir to combine everything with the seasoning.
This is a summarized version of the recipe from the cookbook.
I'm glad that you enjoyed the fajitas! That's one of our favorites as well.


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Home > Theses and Dissertations > 1215
The effect of moderate alcohol consumption on sodium-dependent nutrient co-transport in intestinal epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo
Molly Rae ButtsFollow
Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine
Dr. Uma Sundaram, Committee Chairperson
Dr. Subha Arthur
Dr. Richard Egleton
Fourth Advisor
Dr. Sandrine Pierre
Fifth Advisor
Dr. Travis Salisbury
Background: Alcohol consumption leads to a variety of different health consequences including cardiovascular disease, cancer and malnutrition. This malnutrition is in part due to a sub-optimal diet but also due to the malabsorption of nutrients along the small intestine. Many studies have shown that ethanol directly decreases nutrient absorption along the small intestine; however, few studies have investigated the effect of a moderate dose of ethanol on the transmembrane nutrient co-transporters that line the brush border membrane of the small intestine. The primary fuel source for the small intestine, glutamine, as well as for the entire body, glucose, are absorbed by the sodium-dependent nutrient co-transporters: Na-glutamine co-transport (B0AT1) and Naglucose co-transport (SGLT1), respectively. Both B0AT1 and SGLT1 are present in the brush border membrane of intestinal absorptive villus, but not crypt cells. The effect of moderate ethanol consumption on B0AT1 and SGLT1 in intestinal epithelial cells is not known.
Methods: Rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-18) were exposed to 8.64 mM ethanol over 1, 3, 6, and 12 hours. Sixteen-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were administered an intragastric gavage of 2 g/kg ethanol over 1, 3, and 6 hours. Sodium-dependent 3H-glutamine and 3H-O-methyl-D-glucose uptakes were conducted to determine B0AT1 and SGLT1 activities, respectively. Na-K-ATPase activity was measured as a function of inorganic phosphate release and with 86rubidium uptake. Protein expression was analyzed by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining.
Results: Ethanol significantly decreased glutamine absorption, glucose absorption and Na-KATPase activity in enterocytes. Kinetic studies showed a decrease in Vmax values for B0AT1 in vitro, but an increase in Km values for SGLT1 in vitro and in vivo. Western blots and immunohistochemistry data support these findings. Ethanol did not change Na-H exchange in vitro. Acetaldehyde alone did not change glutamine or glucose uptake in vitro.
Conclusions: Moderate ethanol significantly inhibits B0AT1 and SGLT1 in intestinal epithelial cells. This occurs through two separate mechanisms: B0AT1 is reduced via a decrease in co-transporter number while SGLT1 is diminished via a decrease in co-transporter affinity for glucose. Moreover, both B0AT1 and SGLT1 are further inhibited at the intact cellular level secondary to the decreased sodium-gradient. Overall, glutamine and glucose absorption by enterocytes is significantly affected by moderate ethanol, which may help describe the onset of alcoholic malnutrition.
Alcohol -- Physiological effect.
Membranes (Biology) -- Research.
Cell receptors -- Research.
Butts, Molly Rae, "The effect of moderate alcohol consumption on sodium-dependent nutrient co-transport in intestinal epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo" (2019). Theses, Dissertations and Capstones. 1215.
https://mds.marshall.edu/etd/1215
Biochemical Phenomena, Metabolism, and Nutrition Commons, Medical Nutrition Commons


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Marco Annio Floriano – imperatore romano
Floriano – comune del Brasile
Floriano – nome di battesimo

Pagine correlate
San Floriano (disambigua)


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Michael Carpenter - SOOP#6 - Songs Of Other People
When Michael Carpenter released the excellent first SOOP in 2001, I never thought it would run to six volumes, I suspect nor did he. They aren't a regular thing, five more in the intervening 15 years and sandwiched in between his Power Pop, Americana and Country tinged albums.
These albums tend to be quicker affairs and provide even greater focus on his original material and to be honest, the quality has never dropped, Volume 6 being no exception. They tend to be Power Pop led with a mix of the obvious, the surprises and the lost gems. Volume 6 is just that again. Some of the songs are from previous tribute albums, others more recent.
SOOP#6 - Songs Of Other People by Michael Carpenter
The lost gems include The Veltz Family's wonderful Falling and Rockpile's When I Write The Book. The obvious are Cheap Trick's Surrender and The Searchers' Needle And Pins. Nothing much is added to Surrender, not much can be, but Needles And Pins is a much slower version that really works and has a country tinge.
The known are Bruce Springsteen's Tougher Than The Rest and Tom Petty's The Waiting, the former is a very different Part Americana part Country version. It's great. It's surprising to hear a cover of Cliff Richards' We Don't Talk Any More, never my favourite song, but at least it's not Wired For Sound.
Tougher Than The Rest is a gem but my favourites are songs I haven't heard for a while and / or songs that other people will discover. With that in mind, there's a cracking cover of Dwight Twilley's Here She Come and an even better happy clappy version of Elvis Costello's No Hiding Place.
George Harrison's What Is Life opens proceedings with a faithful to the original version, but it's still a great song. The remaining two songs again fall into the nice surprise category. A Cover of The Gerbils' Welcomed Here and PF Sloan and Steve Barri's I've Got No More To Say. I actually have the 1967 7 Inch of the latter by The Thomas Group.
Carpenter is ably assisted with Backing Vocals, in particular by Kylie Whitney. I know cover albums can get a bit ten a penny, but this series never has, All six albums stand up in their own right and this latest one, probably the most of all. It's a fine listen.
Carpenter has never released a bad album, he's not gonna start now. You can listen to and buy it here.
Labels: Michael Carpenter
Back Rocking (But Gently)
John Howard - Across The Door Sill
Pugwash - Almanac (Sugarbush Records Vinyl)
The Mono LPs - State Of Decay
The Dowling Poole - Miles Checks Out EP
XTC - Skylarking 30th Anniversary Definitive Editi...
Allyson Seconds - Little World
The Feels - Dead Skin
Mimi Betinis - Music Sounds


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Should America Fear Sharia? The one question every American should be asking
Shocking Polls Show What U.S. Muslims Think of U.S. Laws
As July 4 approaches, new polling data reveal non-Muslim Americans are increasingly cognizant of the threat Sharia — Islam's totalitarian religio-political "law" — poses to their basic liberties. Overwhelmingly, they reject its encroachment in the United States.
But polling data also reveal that an ominous, growing proportion of American Muslims wish to impose Sharia on America.
Opinion Savvy polled a random sample of 803 registered voters — 98.2% non-Muslim, and 1.8% Muslim (with age, race, gender, political affiliation, and region propensity score-weighted to reduce biases) — from June 19 to June 20, 2016. They asked:
Do you believe that the United States government should screen, or actively identify individuals entering the United States who support Sharia law?
Seventy-one percent affirmed:
Yes, supporters of Sharia should be identified before they are admitted into the US.
The group answering "yes" was then asked:
Once identified, do you believe that individuals who support the practice of Sharia law should be admitted into the United States?
Eighty percent responded:
No, supporters of Sharia should not be admitted into the US.
The next query, which addressed only foreign visitors, elicited an even more emphatic demand for fidelity to bedrock First Amendment principles. It asked:
Do you believe that the United States government should require all foreign individuals entering the United States to affirm that they will uphold the principles of the constitution, such as freedom of religion and speech, above all personal ideologies for the duration of their stay in the country?
Seventy-eight percent insisted:
Yes, visitors to the US should be required to agree to uphold the constitution, regardless of their personal ideology, as a condition of their visit.
The unblinkered assessment of Sharia validates its broadly shared rejection by non-Muslim Americans, but also illustrates how increased U.S. Muslim Sharia support represents a dangerous trend.
The Sharia, Islam's canon law, is traceable to Koranic verses and edicts (45:18, 42:13, 42:21, 5:48; 4:34, 5:33-34, 5:38, 8:12-14; 9:5, 9:29, 24:2-4), as further elaborated in the "hadith" — the traditions of Islam's prophet Muhammad and the earliest Muslim community — and codified into formal "legal" rulings by Islam's greatest classical legists. Sharia is a retrogressive development compared with the evolution of clear distinctions between "ritual, the law, moral doctrine, good customs in society, etc.," within Western European Christendom.
Sharia is utterly incompatible with the conceptions of human rights enshrined in the U.S. Bill of Rights.
Read more at PJMedia
Campaign Launched In Hometown of Mall Stabber
Muslims 'have the RIGHT to use Sharia law in Britain', says Islamic activist
Charlie Hebdo Survivor: 'The "Islamophobia Ruse" is Driven by "Great Ignorance"'
British Muslim Warns: 'Those Who Insult Islam Must Die' In Shocking Undercover Footage
Georgetown Battles "Islamophobia" While Christians are Killed
Minnesota Woman Is Linked To Backing Terrorism
Britain Orders Review Of Sharia Law


NAHRO's Call for Session Proposals for the 2017 Summer Conference is Now Open.
Share your experience as a housing and community development professional by submitting a session proposal for consideration as a presentation at the 2017 NAHRO Summer Conference in Indianapolis, IN. We are looking for sessions on current and emerging issues, best practices, and strategies to handle challenges facing the industry.
Session proposals should fall under one of the following identified topic tracks – Public Housing, Section 8/HCV, H/CD Finance, Community Development, Commissioners, Organizational Management and International.
Deadline to submit: March 15 and proposals must be submitted thru NAHRO's on-line submission tool.
Submissions should be complete with a clear and concise session title, description, three learning objectives and identified panelists.
For FY 2017, the order directs agencies and executive departments to identify two existing regulations to be repealed for every new regulation to be issued. Additionally, a regulatory cap is established, which directs agencies to establish a limit such that the total incremental cost of all new regulations and repealed regulations finalized in FY 2017 does not exceed zero, unless required by law or consistent with the advice of the Director of Office of Management and Budget. Any new incremental costs associated with new regulations must be offset by the elimination of existing costs associated with two prior regulations. The Director will provide guidance to the agencies to implement this order.
For FY 2018 and future fiscal years, agency heads will identify two offsetting regulations for each regulation that increases incremental costs and provide the agency's best approximation of costs or savings with each new regulation or repealed regulation. Each regulation approved by the Director will be included in the Unified Regulatory Agenda and will not be issued by an agency, if it is not included, unless required by law. During the presidential budget process, the Director will identify the total amount of incremental costs that will be allowed for each agency. No regulations exceeding the agency's total incremental costs for the fiscal year will be permitted, unless required by law or approved by the Director. The Director will provide the heads of the agencies with guidance to implement this order.
It is unclear how this order will affect the regulatory process at HUD. NAHRO awaits further published guidance.
The full executive order can be found here.
Additional analysis on how the order impacts the federal bureaucracy as a whole can be found here and here.