text:
Psychology & Neuroscience Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for practitioners, researchers, and students in cognitive science, psychology, neuroscience, and psychiatry. It only takes a minute to sign up.
Why do con artists like Frank Abagnale Jr. not feel guilt?
I just finished watching a video of Frank Abagnale Jr discuss his life history. Who knows if its true, but it is an amazing story. For those who don't know, Frank Abagnale is one of the most infamous con artists in history according to Wikipedia.
What really strikes me about his story is the following: he seems to have an extraordinary memory and storytelling ability. Couple this with good looks, height, and a face that looks older than he is and you can see how he would have the tools to be con artist. But those are also skills that can be used for many many many other disciplines and could have been put to good uses. He could have been a salesman or any number of things.
Some criminals seem really messed up psychologically. He doesn't come across as that. He seems to have an intact psyche that isn't riddled with some abused past. But he is missing some basic emotions like guilt. For instance, he decided to work in a hospital without even considering the safety of patients around him and, according to Wikipedia nearly killed an infant. Another instance is that he took control of a plane when he didn't know how to fly one, obviously putting all the passengers and his own life at risk. That seems insane! Only until he actually gets in a situation where lives are at stake did he really realize what could happen. Thus, he also seems to have no imagination for the consequences of his actions. He would tell strings of lies basically continuously and never think twice about it, never considering the consequences for businesses of the money they lost.
What part of the brain fails such that a person would act that way? What goes wrong?
emotion cognitive-neuroscience abnormal-psychology empathy
Christian Hummeluhr
6,87244 gold badges4545 silver badges115115 bronze badges
Stan ShunpikeStan Shunpike
$\begingroup$ Read up on psychopathy. Psychopathy is a favorable factor for success in leadership positions. (According to recent studies, psychopaths are overrepresented in higher management with 6% vs 1% in the general population.) Con artists are basically leaders (in the terminology of organisational structure). Then come back and reframe your question. $\endgroup$
$\begingroup$ Okay. Thanks will do. $\endgroup$
– Stan Shunpike
$\begingroup$ I'm not sure what I would do to modify the question itself. I like the question. I suppose it could be more concise. I could cut all the stuff about Abagnale and just state the characteristics of a psychopath and then ask my question but I don't think I would change the question itself. $\endgroup$
$\begingroup$ I recall reading in the book "Anger: The Misunderstood Emotion" that people get angry because they can get away with it. Similarly, I think that what happens with Con Artists or Psychopaths is that they find that they can get away with whatever it is that they are doing, because people do not actively intervene. It is nice to have things go one's own way and not have to consider others. Perhaps other people do not notice until the issue gets out of hand, or they do not intervene because they don't know how. So, I don't think it has anything to do with the brain at all. $\endgroup$
$\begingroup$ I don't think Frank Abagnale Jr. is a psychopath. It's likely that for him, "the thrill of the con" simply outweighed any amount of regret he may have had. Also, as he started from a young age it's possible that while he knew what he was doing was wrong, it was his version of young-person thrill seeking. Nothing else about his life seems anti-social. Just my $0.02. $\endgroup$
– galois
Cognitive science generally does not try to explain individual behavior, but rather the behavior of all people. We can meaningfully speak about what may cause a deficient ability to feel guilt and remorse, or other features that characterize an individual, but we cannot speak directly about the individual's behavior outside an applied or clinical context. Therefore, and I cannot stress this enough: please do not read this answer and then start looking for signs of APD in individuals.
Deficient ability to feel guilt and remorse is a cardinal trait of antisocial personality disorder, or APD (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), which may offer a tentative framework. APD is a complex personality disorder with many different facets and characteristics that, at least at face value, seems to describe a behavioral pattern matching the popular image of a con man, such as Frank Abagnale Jr. surely represents in the popular mind.
Diagnosing APD
Under the DSM-IV-TR definition, satisfying the APD diagnostic criteria requires an individual to A) be over 18 years old, B) exhibit evidence of conduct disorder before age 15, C) not exhibit antisocial behavior exclusively during manic or schizophrenic episodes, and D) exhibit at least three of the following seven symptoms suggesting a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others occurring since 15 years old:
Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors as indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest.
Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases or conning others for personal profit or pleasure.
Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead.
Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults.
Reckless disregard for the safety of self and/or others.
Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behavior or honor financial obligations.
Lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated or stolen from another.
It's worth noting that the DSM-IV-TR and DSM-V definitions of APD differ somewhat. Because the DSM-V is still so recent, most empirical research at time of writing has used the DSM-IV-TR definition. How well the new definitions correspond with the old ones is ultimately an empirical question, so I will focus on the DSM-IV-TR literature here to avoid speculating.
Cognitive neuroscience of APD
A number of neurocognitive deficits have been identified in patients with DSM-IV-TR antisocial personality disorder. As with most mental disorders and cognitive functions, it's difficult to pin down any one region or set of regions and say "here is where X is." However, Blair and Frith (2000) reviewed three common trends, reporting support for the latter two:
... [1] an impairment in executive functioning implicating prefrontal cortex, [2] an impairment in executive emotion's processing implicating orbito-frontal cortex, and [3] an impairment in emotion processing implicating the amygdala ...
CG illustration of the amygdala's location
One of the main regions commonly associated with APD and antisocial behavior, and in particular with its remorselessness criterion, are the amygdala (Blair and Frith, 2000). However, while the amygdala's heavy involvement in emotional processing is well established (Kandel, 2013), and a veritable sea of studies support an emotional processing deficits and abnormalities in the amygdala for general antisocial behavior (e.g., Coccaro et al., 2006; Narayan et al., 2007; Veit et al., 2002) over different antisocial disorders, I couldn't find any direct investigations of amygdaloid activity in APD patients.
Orbitofrontal Cortex
Model and sagittal MRI of the orbitofrontal cortex
The other region commonly implicated in association with APD and antisocial behavior is the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (Blair and Frith, 2000). For example, Völlm et al. (2004) reported fMRI evidence for a go-no-go task suggesting that APD patients exhibited reduced OFC activity for response inhibition as compared with controls. Dinn and Harris (2000) reported that "APD subjects showed greater neuropsychological deficits on measures sensitive to orbitofrontal dysfunction in comparison to control participants." The OFC seems to be associated with increased impulsivity and risk-taking via deficient response inhibition.
Did Frank Abagnale Jr. have APD?
At this point, one may be tempted to answer, "Clearly, he did!" and start looking for APD in oneself, or others. This would be a mistake. Identifying APD in a person requires a considerable amount of well-structured information about that person. Nothing could illustrate that we lack such information here better than Abagnale's own words:
In 2002, Abagnale himself addressed the issue of his story's truthfulness with a statement posted on his company's website which said in part: "I was interviewed by the co-writer only about four times. I believe he did a great job of telling the story, but he also over-dramatized and exaggerated some of the story. That was his style and what the editor wanted. He always reminded me that he was just telling a story and not writing my biography."
With respect to Abagnale himself, therefore, cognitive science does not have anything to say about his story, because we don't have any way to independently verify most of it. We can probably surmise that some of it is accurate, some of it is not, but we can't empirically say which is which. People don't necessarily need to be pathological in order to be jerks.
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., Text Revision). Washington, DC: Author.
Blair, J., & Frith, U. (2000). Neurocognitive explanations of the antisocial personality disorders. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health.
Coccaro, E. F., McCloskey, M. S., Fitzgerald, D. A., & Phan, K. L. (2007). Amygdala and orbitofrontal reactivity to social threat in individuals with impulsive aggression. Biological psychiatry, 62(2), 168-178.
Dinn, W. M., & Harris, C. L. (2000). Neurocognitive function in antisocial personality disorder. Psychiatry research, 97(2), 173-190.
Kandel, E. R., Schwartz, J. H., & Jessell, T. M., Siegelbaum, S. A., Hudspeth, A. J. (Eds.). (2013). Principles of neural science (Vol. 5). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Narayan, V. M., Narr, K. L., Kumari, V., Woods, R. P., Thompson, P. M., Toga, A. W., & Sharma, T. (2007). Regional cortical thinning in subjects with violent antisocial personality disorder or schizophrenia.
Veit, R., Flor, H., Erb, M., Hermann, C., Lotze, M., Grodd, W., & Birbaumer, N. (2002). Brain circuits involved in emotional learning in antisocial behavior and social phobia in humans. Neuroscience letters, 328(3), 233-236.
Völlm, B., Richardson, P., Stirling, J., Elliott, R., Dolan, M., Chaudhry, I., ... & Deakin, B. (2004). Neurobiological substrates of antisocial and borderline personality disorder: preliminary results of a functional fMRI study. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 14(1), 39-54.
Christian HummeluhrChristian Hummeluhr
$\begingroup$ This got away from me a bit and ended up being more APD-centric than I wanted it to be, but I hope it's still illustrative of the brain regions and what cognitive deficits are involved in people who exhibit antisocial behavior. $\endgroup$
– Christian Hummeluhr
$\begingroup$ Nice answer! Thanks for taking the time! :D $\endgroup$
Thanks for contributing an answer to Psychology & Neuroscience Stack Exchange!
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged emotion cognitive-neuroscience abnormal-psychology empathy or ask your own question.
Can one "understand" emotions, yet not "feel" them?
Sadistic personality disorder, psychopathy and correlation with violence
Why do we feel regret?
Does a condition exist that resembles autism, but featuring much instead of little empathy?
Can someone not feel i.e. neglect pain sensation?
Can adhd and ocd coexist? Is it in the same way mania and depression can coexist (in bipolar disorder)?
Are there advantages of psychopathic traits?


In 1991, a trio of friends and business partners, Steve Coster, Colleen Garrigan and Roy Diblik discovered a 10-acre farmstead tucked away in the rolling hills of southeastern Wisconsin. By combining their talents and maintaining the spirit and character of the farm, they knew that they had the opportunity to create something uniquely different.
Is a recognized perennial plant expert, grower, designer, speaker and author. Combining his 35 years of knowledge growing traditional and Midwest native perennials, he specializes in highly aesthetic, sustainable plant communities for all seasons, while reducing maintenance through design. He believes that gardens should be thoughtful, ecologically directed, emotionally outreaching and yet very personal. Roy can be contacted by email at rdiblik@wi.rr.com.
Runs the landscape design and installation division. His talents can be witnessed in the stone walls and paths that wind throughout Northwind. He uses only natural and native materials that fit with the environment. His choice of trees and shrubs, which are both aesthetically pleasing and environmentally correct, make walking through Northwind all the more lovely.
Runs the garden shop and her artistic flair is demonstrated in every corner of Northwind. Her keen eye for selecting the beautiful and unique planters, fountains, wrought-iron pieces and other garden art sold in the shop and her talent for displaying these pieces will delight and inspire you.


So long, Atlantis. Edivo Vina, a winery off of Croatia's Pelješac peninsula, is the answer for underwater treasure seekers and winos looking for something with a story.
Situated in Drače, a town a bit north of Dubrovnik (you might recognize it from "Game of Thrones" glory as King's Landing), Edivo Vina keeps their wine underwater in Mali Ston Bay. At Edivo Vina, the drinking experience becomes a matter of choosing your own adventure: imbibe mermaid wine to your heart's content, or see the winery and its processes by donning a wetsuit and going for a swim, which includes passing by a sunken boat. A bit different than your typical Napa weekend.
That Edivo Vina calls Croatia home is fitting, considering the tiny country is one of the highest consumers of wine in the world. There, they know their stuff, which is why the winery's owners – Ivo and Anto Šegović and Edi Bajurin – saw the ocean's potential in the winemaking process. Five years ago, inspiration struck and they saw its natural coolness and quietness found 65 feet below the surface as the ideal environment to age wine. After all, nothing says fine Bordeaux like a few barnacles on the bottle.
The Navis Mysterium, or mysterious sea wine, begins its life like its aboveground counterparts, harvested from Plavac Mali grapes around Drače. Plavac Mali is Croatia's most popular grape, rich with notes of dark berries, pepper and spices, with higher levels of alcohol and tannins. It's robust and deep, much like Zinfandel, one of its parent grapes.
It's then aged on dry land for three months before being transferred to amphorae and sent into the salty Adriatic Sea for between one to two years. Amphorae, slim-necked clay jugs with two handles favored by the ancient Greeks, lend the wine strong notes of pinewood while preserving the wine's original aromas and flavors.
Of course, the water increases the risk of leakage, but the owners have taken thorough preventative measures. A cork and two layers of rubber insulate the wine from the ocean, while divers check in on the wine every ten days. Secured cages also protect against thieves or tides. And that sunken boat you swam by earlier? It's been transformed from a historical artifact into a cellar.
When the amphorae, and a few traditional wine bottles, are brought back up, they're festooned with coral, shells, and other sea life, making them look like treasures dredged up from Atlantis or the Titanic wreck. That's probably part of the reason behind the roughly $350 price tag, but despite the steep cost, we're still crossing our fingers for an underwater tasting room.
Mermaid wine?! Count me in for a tasting. But not the getting into the water, I'll leave that to the professionals. Love cool marketing ideas/new ways to bring in customers like this. Very creative.
Aging and fermenting wine in clay amphorae like vessels is still done in certain parts of Southern Spain. But these amphorae are buried in the ground up to their necks and the theory is that the amphorae allow the wines to ferment and age better due to the cooling factors of being buried in the ground because of the extreme summer heat in the South of Spain. Hopefully this winery in Croatia is successful and eventually the prices come down so most wine drinkers can try these wines. One more thing, hopefully as this venture gets more successful these wines will be imported into the USA. The Adriatic sea being a branch of the Mediterranean holds many undiscovered ancient shipwrecks that at one time transported amphorae of wine. In fact, an ancient wreck was recently discovered in the Tyrrhenian Sea off Genoa Italy that was still sealed and contained wine! This wreck has been dated to the 1st century AD. In the 1950's, Jacques Cousteau and crew excavated a wine ship originally found by fishermen that foundered off the coast of Marseille France in the 2nd century BC containing many amphorae and discovered that was still sealed. Most amphorae that you see today are shipwreck finds and lost their contents to 'the wine dark sea' many eons ago!


Hubby just got back from another trip to Malaysia where he is working on some of the new projects they have going on over there. Here is a glimpse of the new hotel!
Then he came home and helped us redo our train layout. We never get tired of this stuff!!!


Pathways offers counseling in many different categories. Please select the link corresponding to the type you are inquiring about. After selecting a service, click on a specific subject heading to learn more about it.


text:
Disney+ will be cheaper than Netflix
The service is expected to go live in November and will cost just $6.99 a month
by Josh Johnson April 12, 2019, 12:35 pm
The Walt Disney Company just gave its most in-depth sneak peek into Disney+ yet. As the company looks to insert itself into an already crowded SVOD market, executives are putting competitors like Amazon Prime Video and Netflix on notice, announcing partnerships with Roku, PlayStation as well as an attractive $7 per month price point.
Unsurprisingly, Disney did very little in the way of creating a new user experience. The old adage "If it's not broke don't fix it" was in full effect. In fact, Netflix users will find the Disney+ interface oddly familiar, boasting columns for original series, recommendations, and watch history.
The platform will also allow users to easily subdivide the massive catalog by brand i.e. Marvel, Pixar, Star Wars or genre. And as expected, users will be able to create multiple profiles and add movies/series to personalized watch lists.
While some in the industry liken Thursday's event to "D-Day," others are less optimistic about the upcoming service. Critics say Disney will first need to prove its capable of successfully managing a technology product on the scale of Netflix before it's dubbed the king killer.
But if the allure of unlimited Disney flicks wasn't enough, Gizmodo says the company is "going to bundle its Disney+, ESPN+, and Hulu services at a bargain price." At present, it's unclear if the aforementioned $7 per month fee is for the bundle or Disney+ only.
The service is expected to go live in November.
Previous article Israeli spacecraft fails during lunar decent
Next article LEGO unveils a super-detailed building set based on the Star Wars starship Tantive IV
Disney+ is adding almost one million new subscribers per day
Hulu's Black Friday deal offers a year of streaming for just $1.99 a month
Netflix's November releases include Grease, Zombieland, Rosemary's Baby and more
These are Netflix's top 10 most-watched TV shows
Here's Netflix's full holiday lineup for the 2019 Christmas season
Netflix plans to produce more Dark Horse Comics TV series
Israeli spacecraft fails during lunar decent
LEGO unveils a super-detailed building set based on the Star Wars starship Tantive IV

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Advance Lifts is a leader in the design and manufacture of engineered Dock Lifts, Rail Transfer Bridges and Truck Levelers. Since 1974, "engineering excellence" has been the hallmark of Advance Lifts products. Over the last few years, we have intensified the research and development program at Advance Lifts and the value gap between our products and our competitors has increased significantly. Recent innovations include our "Ultra High Cycle" lift with a 3,000,000 cycle warranty, the only lift of its kind in the industry. We have been advancing the "state of the art" in lift performance at a dramatic pace. The point of all this research is to provide customers with superior value and service. Some of our breakthroughs can be applied to many of our standard products, while others are reserved for custom high performance applications. Regardless, our knowledge base is available to you and we hereby invite you to put Advance's engineering expertise to work for you.
Dock lifts are designed and built as an integrated torsionally rigid structure. The base frame has a wide stance to provide maximum support. The scissors legs are tied together with torsionally rigid torque tubes. The platform is a box beam design, which adds to the torsional rigidity of the entire structure.
Pit mounted lifts offer the most sizes and options. They are among the most frequently used dock lifts. These lifts are installed in a concrete pit in the ground or a pit in a raised concrete dock. Platform sizes from 6' x 8' to 8' x 12'.
Portable dock lifts allow you to easily set up and move a lift to suit your operation. The lifts feature a wheeled dolly handle that lets you move the lift wherever you need it with optional transport wheels.
Enjoy the convenience of a dock lift without the expense of a concrete pit. That's what you get with surface mounted dock lifts. This 5,000 lb. capacity dock lift gives you the lowest lowered height while letting you handle any type of loads moved by manual material handling equipment.


The report of black smoke was called in about 1:45 p.m. today to the Craig Interagency Dispatch Center. A load of Smokejumpers based out of Grand Junction were ordered but high winds aborted the mission and the smokejumpers were grounded. They are assigned to the incident and are traveling to the Wild Rose Fire by ground.
Numerous oil and gas facilities are in the immediate vicinity of the wildland fire. There are structures north of the fire which are threatened as blaze is being pushed by wind out of the southwest. A youth camp on private land about one mile from the incident is being evacuated by Rio Blanco County Sheriff's Office. An undetermined number of adults and 40 children are leaving the camp.
Flames are being driven by high winds through pinion and juniper trees on Bureau of Land Management land.
BLM engines are en route to the incident. Additional resources ordered are: one 20-person type 1 hand crew; two heavy air tankers (planes) for retardant drops; and a helicopter.
It is in the south west corner of Rio Blanco County near Oil Springs Mountain on Bureau of Land Management land.
Information from BLM public information officer.


text:
China reveals 'world's most powerful' combat spy drone that can bomb targets relentlessly for days before refuelling
The plane - codenamed CH-5 - can fly further and longer than other drones, including an ability to conduct bombing for up to two days
Patrick Lion
Updated 06:03, 3 NOV 2016
A new Chinese high-tech spy drone has been revealed at a military air show.
The plane - codenamed CH-5 - is reportedly being dubbed the "world's most powerful" unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).
The plane was unveiled yesterday at the International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition in Zhuhai, China, as the nation further displays its military prowess.
It was reported the aircraft can fly further and longer than other drones, including an ability to conduct bombing for up to two days with a flight range of 20,000km.
The CH-5 drone at the International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition in Zhuhai, China (Image: Getty)
The drone featured impressive firepower (Image: Getty)
The future of aviation? World's first 3D-printed mini aircraft unveiled by Airbus
The hardware is set to be: "One of the most powerful unmanned combat aircraft in the world", The Daily Star reports of local media coverage.
The outlet said China was granted an export licence for the lethal weapon.
The project's chief designed Shi Wen reportedly: "Several foreign nations have expressed intentions to purchase the CH-5, and we are in talks with them."
The unveiling of the drone comes a day after China unveiled its military muscle at the exhibition with a new 67-ft long superspy plane that has a top speed of 1,305mph.
China flexes military muscle with new 67ft long superspy plane that has top speed of 1,305mph
The drones have been approved for export (Image: Getty)
The J-20 stealth fighter is a twin jet aircraft which can travel at speeds of up to 1,305mph - or Mach 2 - and it's set to hit production in 2018.
The aircraft was on show with the Bayi Aerobatic Team of PLA's (Peoples Liberation Army) Air Force.
The J-20, is the Chinese answer to the US F-22 stealth fighter, and was the first opportunity the public has had to see the new Chinese military tech.
Follow @MirrorWeirdNews


Jackets come in a range of styles to lightweight waterproof to the heavy layered jackets perfect in the colder months. We have a great range of jackets and coats to cover many industries and environments from high quality brands such as Regatta, Orn and Snickers all with options to customise for your business. Why not add your company/club logo through print or embroidery to help your workers or members really stand out from the crowd!


← I Still Haven't Seen "12 Years a Slave," and I Probably Won't.
These pizzas look wonderful. I've been making one with arugula, pickled onions, kalamata olives, jalapeños, and ham. But, what about the sauce? I usually just use tomato sauce with some seasonings for the sauce. Will you add a recipe for making the sauce?
Thanks, Peggy! I'll add a sauce recipe in short order.


text:
June 20, 2014 by Elixir Private Wealth
Government announces a ban on commissions in general advice –FPA
Minister Mathias Cormann has today announced the Government's response to the Senate Economics Legislation Committee report into the Bill to amend the FoFA laws.
The Minister has confirmed the Government's commitment to proceed with the amendments to FoFA, but has also supported the FPA's call to totally ban commissions on investments and superannuation within general advice.
The Ministers announcement today is welcome recognition for FPA members and our public position to protect consumers and stop the re-introduction of product commissions on investments and superannuation.
We have campaigned hard over the past four years advocating for the removal of unnecessary red tape and for a more practical and workable FoFA legislation. To this end the FPA welcomes and supports the following outcomes that have been reflected in the Minister's announcement:
A complete ban on commissions on investments and superannuation and the elimination of a possible re-introduction of commissions through the general advice exemption.
Removal of unnecessary or duplicated red-tape regulation, including Opt-In and retrospective Fee Disclosure Statements.
Removal of clause 'g' in the safe harbour steps of the best interests duty – this will maintain the best interest duty obligation, while providing certainty and clarity for financial planners when acting in the best interests of their client.
Amending the grandfathering regulations in order to remove the current restrictions on trade for financial planners who may change employers/licensees, and enable fair market competition for financial planners selling their business.
We firmly stand together with all Australians for a better financial future and today's announcement is a significant step towards a more workable FoFA legislation for all financial planners and their clients.
The Minister has announced that Regulations to enact some of the FoFA amendments will be registered in Parliament to take effect on 1 July 2014 (where legally possible), which means once registered, these FoFA amendments will be law.
The Government will need to follow up with changes to legislation that will likely occur in the coming months, which will include getting the legislation passed through the new Senate.
The FPA will continue to work with stakeholders and all sides of Government to ensure support for changes to the Regulations and help enable passage of the FoFA amendment legislation.
Read the Minister's announcement/press release Read FPA press release Read the Senate Committee Report


text:
Uh oh, Aereo
By John Bergmayer
Last Wednesday, the Supreme Court ruled that Aereo violates U.S. copyright law through their business model that allows users to stream network television over the internet. Read thoughts on this decision from Public Knowledge Senior Staff Attorney John Bergmayer below.
The Aereo decision is bad news for consumers, since it could take away a promising new model for watching free over-the-air television. Cord-cutters still have options. They can still access other online video services—and maybe some reconfigured version of Aereo—and watch broadcast TV with an antenna. But there's no doubt that today's opinion (especially when considered alongside ivi and Sky Angel) is good for the network/affiliate/cable status quo.
The outcome is not surprising, given the tenor of questions at oral argument. People are always asking me for my predication as to the outcome of a case where Public Knowledge filed an amicus brief, which is a bit awkward. Of course if you asked me on the record before today I would have told you that I was optimistic that a unanimous Supreme Court would simply adopt our brief. But like most observers I concluded that the Court was looking for a way to rule against Aereo but limit the collateral damage against the tech industry as a whole.
However, I thought that the Court would do a better job. Instead, the Court uses reasoning that could apply very easily to any number of online services—file hosting, cloud lockers, even VPNs—as well as services that no one has even come up with yet. It then simply declares that Aereo is different, because it looks so much like cable. Actually, only the Supreme Court's actual legal reasoning is binding on future courts—the rest of the opinion just "dicta." Judges can quote poetry and make jokes in their decisions, too. None of that is binding either. Dicta has the same legal status as legislative history—which is to say, it's as binding as lower courts want it to be. A lower court is bound by a higher court's legal holdings, not its stated intent.
On to a few of the legal specifics. Remember, the question the Court had to decide was whether Aereo was engaged in a public performance, when it provided each of its subscribers with an individual antenna that separately transmits broadcast programming to just that user. If Aereo is not the one "performing"—if it was the Aereo subscriber, instead—then Aereo wins. And even if Aereo is the one doing the performing, it would win if the performance was not "to the public."
Many of the briefs in this case were worried that a ruling that says that Aereo "publicly performs" works could be applied to other online services, as well, which until recently everyone assumed were legal. They were right to worry because much of what the Court said today could easily apply to other kinds of services. This case gets very technical very fast and will give law professors a lot to do in years to come. The easiest way to see why the Supreme Court's attempt to limit its holding to Aereo-like services is just to comment on the actual language it uses in the attempt. I'm not confident that the various ways it tries to distinguish Aereo from other services will work very well.
Here's the Court:
We agree that Congress, while intending the Transmit Clause to apply broadly to cable companies and their equivalents, did not intend to discourage or to control the emergence or use of different kinds of technologies. But we do not believe that our limited holding today will have that effect.
For one thing, the history of cable broadcast transmissions that led to the enactment of the Transmit Clause informs our conclusion that Aereo "perform[s]," but it does not determine whether different kinds of providers in different contexts also "perform."
Here, the Court is addressing the concept of "volitional action." Making a copy of a work might infringe copyright—but it matters who is doing the copying. The Court (and the dissent) use the copy shop example—the customers of a copy shop, not the copy shop itself, are the ones making copies. So if there's copyright infringement, it's the customers, not the copy shop, that are liable. (You can get to the copy shop via some theory of secondary liability, but first you need to establish who the direct infringer is.
But the Court does not offer any clear test for how to figure out who the "actor" is in a given circumstance. Instead, it suggests that future courts will have to undertake a historical analyses of some kind. It has answered the "volition" question for Aereo but hasn't provided any certainty for other kinds of services.
For another, an entity only transmits a performance when it communicates contemporaneously perceptible images and sounds of a work.
I don't see how this excludes many online services. A cloud locker service that allows people to store and stream back their own music or movies "communicates contemporaneously perceptible images and sounds." Heck, if multiple people store and play back copies of the same work at the same time, they're even simultaneously contemporaneously perceptible images and sounds! While this language may be comforting to some kinds of online services many others appear to meet this test.
Further, we have interpreted the term 'the public' to apply to a group of individuals acting as ordinary members of the public who pay primarily to watch broadcast television programs, many of which are copyrighted. We have said that it does not extend to those who act as owners or possessors of the relevant product.
The Court is suggesting that a whether people count as the "public" for copyright purposes depends on the nature of their relationship to the work. This logic was in many of the briefs—notably, the Solicitor General's. But it's a circular argument.
When I record a TV show off the air, then that copy is lawful. You don't need a license to tune in to a broadcast, and home recordings of broadcast content are accepted fair uses. So why is it any different if I use the antenna that Aereo provides to record a program from the airwaves?
If you assume for the sake of argument that Aereo is legal, then Aereo subscribers are in fact lawful "possessors" of the programming in question—just like the home viewer. Only if you start by assuming that Aereo is illegal does Aereo fail this test. In other words, the Court's test is that "Illegal services are illegal. But legal ones are legal." This is not very helpful.
The Court appears to have a reasonable policy position: That Aereo ought to be treated like other services that help users watch broadcast content. ("Aereo ought to be treated like other antenna sellers" is another reasonable policy position, of course.) But the way it got there is troubling, because it adopts reasoning that could be used against many different kinds of services, and its attempt to distinguish them from Aereo has many failings. The most likely outcome of this case is more litigation, and perhaps future trips to the Supreme Court. The Court should have ruled in favor of Aereo, and perhaps sent a stern note to Congress to write better laws. Instead, it's issued a decision that decides very little—and that will provide ample ammunition for litigants on both sides of future copyright fights.
I will grant the Court one thing: The statute is not very clear. As the opinion states at one point, "the language of the Act does not clearly indicate when an entity 'perform[s]' (or 'transmit[s]') and when it merely supplies equipment that allows others to do so." I think when copyright laws are ambiguous the tie ought to go to the public's right to use and access content—particularly when, as here, the content is already available for free to anyone with an antenna. The Court decided, instead, that the tie ought to go to how it imagined that Congress (in 1976) would have thought about Aereo if anyone had asked it. This was probably the wrong call. Like in the Brand X case, I join Justice Scalia in dissent.


text:
Henry Nicholas Bolander  (Schleuchtern, 22 de fevereiro de 1831 - Portland, 1897) foi um botânico norte-americano de origem alemã.

Com a idade de 15 anos foi para os EUA e, seguindo os conselhos de seu tio,  fez estudos religiosos e se ordenou pastor luterano de Ohio. Em 1851 ensinou alemão e iniciou seus estudos em botânica graças a influência de Charles Lesquereux (1806-1889).

Por conselho do seu médico se instalou na Califórnia em 1861. Trabalhou para o  "Serviço de Geologia da Califórnia", e sucedeu  William Brewer (1828-1910) como botânico do Estado. Se especializou em herbáceas. Em 1871, abandonou a botânica pela pedagogia, tornando-se  Ministro da Educação da Califórnia, função que ocupou até dezembro de 1875.

Em 1878, realizou numerosas viagens para a América central,  América do Sul, África do Sul, Madagascar, e Europa. Em 1883 se instala em Portland, finalizando a sua carreira.

Homenagens
A espécie da família  Liliaceae, Lilium bolanderi S.Watson 1885, foi nomeada em sua honra.

Bibliografia
 Willis L. Jepson: Dr. Henry N. Bolander, Botanical Explorer. In: Erythea. 6 (10), Seiten 100-107.
 Carl Purdy: Bolander's Red Mountain and Eureka Trail. In: Madrono. 2, Seiten 33-40.
 Thomas: Henry Nicholas Bolander. In: Contributions from the Dudley Herbarium. 5 (6), Seite 149.

Ligações externas

Botânicos da Alemanha
Botânicos dos Estados Unidos

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Make a dramatic statement with an elegant 4 poster bed. Whether keeping to a traditional look or adding some Asian flavour to a room, the range of styles is built to suit a range of personal tastes.
Its all in the detail. Accessories are the subtleties that give a room the composure and touch that only the accomplished can create.
Enchanting pieces, in a range of colours and styles, to compliment any baby's room. Neither practicality nor style are compromised with this range of cots, robes and chest of drawers.
Clean lines and perfect symmetry grants this range a winner!
Seating made for both practicality and style. Designs available in both chairs, low stools and barstools.
Nothing defines good taste like a stylish coffee or occasional table strategically place in your living room. Many handcrafted designs to choose from.
Whether entertaining friends, serving dinner for the family or sharing a romantic candle lit meal, the perfect dining room suit is essential for both ambiance and practicality.
A classic choice suited to all styles. Keeping it simple, this range of beds encompasses subtle elements of minimalism.
These headboards will undoubtedly demand attention in a room. To create a focal point in the room, choose from any of these statement pieces and include them as a feature, you new or existing room.
Bed designs that incorporate lattice detail are particularly striking in a room. The visual texture created by the criss-cross pattern of the lattice will ensure your bed is a focal point in your room.
Memory Foam has revolutionised the sleep industry due to its superior comfort and pressure relieving ability. Memory foam has an open cell structure that responds to body heat and weight moulding to the shape of your body. Where other foams resist pressure, memory foam absorbs pressure. No other type of mattress no matter how well strung truly conforms itself around the contours of the human body.
Two elements, metal and wood, come together to create a unique look suited to modern taste as well as traditional style. Added dimension is created by the incorporation of metal work into the bed design.
For an inspired work environment that allows you to get the most done in a professional environment.
Traditional design and detail, make this range of beds a trusted choice.
Let your design inspiration overflow onto your patio and into your garden. By selecting furniture from this range, you will not have to compromise on style or quality.
A bedroom look would be incomplete without perfect accessory pieces. Choose from a wide range of complimentary pedestals and cabinets for that perfect finishing touch.
Offering practical serving space, storage or both, these pieces in varying designs suit a wide range of styles.
A range which you can piece together to suit your needs. The units of varying dimension and storage composition can be mixed and matched, allowing you to create your own floor plan.
The perfect range to create that warm, inviting ambiance in a room.
Find the perfect unit, not only to house, but also to show off your television or sound system.


text:
Download: Chris Brown ft Future, Young Thug – High End
October 13, 2017 June 5, 2020
Chris Brown ft Future, Young Thug – High End (Mp3)
Chris Brown has returned with yet another single titled "High End" featuring Young Thug and Future.
Over the last few months, Chris Brown has unveiled several singles including "Party", "Privacy", "Questions" and "Pills & Automobiles" and he is yet to fail with any. All the songs have worked on the charts to an extent which is no surprise, knowing what kind of a hit machine Breezy is.
Downlaod: Chris Brown – Indigo (Full Album)
He simply has the recipe. As the release date of his new album Heartbreak On A Full Moon nears, the singer has decided to unleash a new tune titled "High End" where he has teamed up with Atlanta's finest, Thugger and Future.
https://234playlist.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Chris_Brown_ft_Future_Young_Thug_-_High_End_234playlist.com_.mp3
Also Download: Chris Brown Ft. Trey Songz – I Get Her
Click To Chat With Us On WhatsApp
Download: Good Vibes "ZA" – Wale (Mp3) - January 20, 2021
Download: Locked Down (2021 Movie) - January 20, 2021
Download: The Anthem – Dunsin Oyekan Ft. Pst Jerry Eze (Mp3) - January 20, 2021
Download: Good Form - Nicki Minaj Ft. Lil Wayne (Mp3)


My name is Kristiyan Katsarov. Studying and working in Berlin as software developer, as well WordPress developer, am currently an apprentice at the eCom 360 UG. Linux lover, open-source fan and WordPress admirer, this is who I am.
Online business and eCommerce is a direction I chose to learn several years ago, when I also started to optimize for the search engines for the first time.
Though focused in front-end web development, software architecture, SEO and web design are also part of my passions.


text:
Home » BYOD » Anticipating downtime will be business's next competitive advantage
Anticipating downtime will be business's next competitive advantage
by Nick Ismail 20 July 2017
British Airways has been having a rough year. Between their evening of downtime back in April and their catastrophic bank holiday IT meltdown, the company has suffered millions of pounds in lost business.
It's hardly alone in that respect: dozens of companies, from Skype to HSBC, have suffered from unexpected outages and extended downtime in recent months, causing untold financial losses.
For the Fortune 1000, the average cost of unplanned application time per year is between $1.25 billion and $2.5 billion. Despite this cost, most businesses assume that downtime is unavoidable, that it's simply part of the costs of doing business online. However, that's simply not the case.
>See also: Downtime is key cost of ransomware attacks
While monitoring solutions to quickly tell you if your service is down have been around for years, technologies such as predictive analytics and machine learning have only recently reached a point where we're able to not only know when we are offline, but anticipate when we will be offline.
Don't react, predict
Current methods of managing service downtime are stuck in the past – literally. Existing monitoring solutions tend to focus on tracking anomaly detection, outlier detection and basic uptime metrics. These are certainly important metrics to track, however on a fundamental level they're examining past faults rather than future performance.
The old saying applies just as well here: prevention is better than a cure. When systems' downtime can create untold levels of expenditure from businesses, preventing that downtime from ever occurring should be the ultimate goal. This may sound unrealistic, but, thanks to new technologies, it's closer than you think.
Machine learning: behind the buzzword
Machine learning is a buzzword: there's no escaping it. However, even the most well-used buzzwords can still conceal a real value in the underlying technology. This is true of machine learning: this diverse set of technologies can be applied to myriad different problems, however they have not yet been used to improve service uptime.
In the past it was possible for operations engineers to become "experts" in specific technologies and use their knowledge and experience to anticipate problems within their largely static infrastructure platforms.
>See also: The real damage of a ransomware attack is felt in the downtime
Today our platforms are much more complex and continuously changing – whether that be through continuous delivery of applications or elastically scaling platforms. It's no longer possible for a human to anticipate every failure scenario in these complex continuously changing systems. The way the security industry monitors and manages these platforms needs to be automated too and that's where machine learning comes in.
Machine learning algorithms can be trained using historical platform metrics to provide insights that would be near impossible to spot by inspecting metrics through traditional dashboards and graphs. Correlating events behind the scenes to help identify problems faster, before they become incidents and impact your customers.
In the meantime… make a plan
What's quite apparent in all these recent instances of unexpected downtime is how unprepared the affected business have been by their scale and severity. While machine learning solutions may be the cutting edge, they are limited in the help they can provide, typically requiring a lot of configuring and a maths background to optimise the models and understand the output.
Prepare for the worst by identifying your different backup methodologies, be clear about the order of priority in which they will be used, and regularly check that the backups actually work.
>See also: The Internet of Things and the consequences of downtime
Make it clear to all the relevant people who should be contacted in case of emergency, and develop a simple checklist of issues to tackle – these kinds of features might sound obvious, but in a crisis people can behave unpredictably, so it's important to have as many processes as possible codified and tested prior to the event.
Society is currently undergoing a moment of intriguing business and social transformation, one where, due to ever-growing reliance on cloud-based applications, backend infrastructure and uptime metrics are becoming critical to business revenue security.
Each high-profile service outage causes significant brand damage to companies, and we'll see more businesses invest serious capital into preventing these disasters from happening. The companies with the best reliability will be those who have invested in modern operational practices, a considerable competitive advantage.
Sourced by David Mytton, founder and CEO of Server Density
The UK's largest conference for tech leadership, Tech Leaders Summit, returns on 14 September with 40+ top execs signed up to speak about the challenges and opportunities surrounding the most disruptive innovations facing the enterprise today. Secure your place at this prestigious summit by registering here
Tagged: Downtime
Nick Ismail
Nick Ismail is the editor for Information Age. He has a particular interest in smart technologies, AI and cyber security. More by Nick Ismail
Shifting emphasis towards cloud-first data protection
NotPetya five years on: the cyber security lessons learned by organisations
Four tips to increase executive buy-in to disaster recovery
The emerging importance of cloud geo-distribution for developers
Accelerating IT disaster recovery with unified backup


WebSearch Faq » Article » Code, Gadget, Geek!
This is a very difficult question to answer, as it depends upon a number of variables. If you're utilizing a search index, of course, searches will be quite rapid. But if you're trying to run "live" searches, well, a lot will depend upon how many files the script has to read, how fast your server is, etc. My advice would be to set it up and see how it runs. If it doesn't seem to run as fast as you'd like, either because you're searching a lot of files, searching very large files, or just running on a slow server, you'll probably want to switch to the use of the index file, even if it means you'll have to update the index frequently to keep up with your site's growth.
WebSearch requires the "find.pl" module. This is part of the standard distribution of Perl, and should be available to you already. If not, you should ask your system administrators about it.
The most likely cause of this problem is that your variable assignments are incorrect, and as a result, WebSearch can't find the directory or directories it's supposed to search. Especially if you're on a non-UNIX system, defining the directory paths correctly can be a bit tricky. Unfortunately, it's not really something I can help with, since I've no idea what the paths to your directories might be.
You can't. WebSearch reads files directly; a program (CGI script or not) running on one server cannot directly read files on another server. To allow that would be to introduce ungodly security holes. If you want a site on a server which doesn't allow CGI to be searchable, you'll have to either (a) locate a search script which can utilize regular HTTP calls to read files remotely and construct an index for search purposes, or (b) move your site to a server which allows you access to CGI.
WebSearch searches the pages on your Web site, and returns a list of the pages which contain the requested keywords. It is not a database program, and does not search for individual records within a database file. If you need a script to do that, I'd be happy to talk with you about setting it up. But WebSearch won't do it.


Say goodbye to ugly and environmentally unfriendly toothbrushes!
Did you know that in the United States alone, it is estimated that approximately one billion plastic toothbrushes are thrown away every year, creating 50 million pounds of waste?
Glitter & Spice toothbrushes are made with 30% wheat stalk which makes them more eco-friendly than your average toothbrush! Our toothbrushes also do not include heavy metals and are non-toxic. Designed with little ones in mind, our toothbrushes have an extra thick handle for an easy grip. Equipped with super soft and fine bristles, our toothbrushes ensure a thorough clean that is gentle on gums.


text:
鄧信謙
小畫家介紹
Tyler Shields has made a name for himself as one of the most celebrated fine art photographers. But before the world knew Shields as the photo provacatuer that he is today, he seemingly lived a life as complex and diverse as his pictures. As a child growing up in Jacksonville Florida Shields became a professional in-line skater and went on to compete in the x games and win the world championship. At an early age Shields became custom to success and the unwavering dedication that it takes to be the best.
所有畫作


wikiHow is a "wiki," similar to Wikipedia, which means that many of our articles are co-written by multiple authors. To create this article, 32 people, some anonymous, worked to edit and improve it over time. Together, they cited 7 references.
In its raw state, honey contains many beneficial enzymes offers a healthy sweetness to those who've grown unhappy with overly-processed foods and candies. Over time, though, honey will thicken and form a solid mass of crystals. This is a natural process and shouldn't affect the taste of the honey at all. Once the honey has crystallized, there are several ways to get it back to its silky-smooth, liquefied state.
Use a microwave cautiously when liquefying honey. If you want your honey to retain the benefits of "raw" honey, use the microwave with caution. While quick and efficient, microwaving can easily destroy the beneficial enzymes by overheating them.
Transfer your honey from any plastic containers into a glass jar by spoon. Besides presenting a possible health hazard, plastic containers don't transfer heat as well as glass does. Bottom line: you'll get the job done quicker and more safely if you move your honey to a glass jar instead of using a plastic container.
Start microwaving honey in 30 second increments on the defrost setting. Cooking time for your batch will vary based on the amount of honey you're liquefying, the starting temperature of the honey, and its sugar content as well as content the wattage of your microwave. It is best to start off at low power and use short microwave times. This may take more cycles and an extra minute or two, but you won't ruin the taste of the honey or inhibit the effectiveness of the good enzymes during the liquefaction process.
Experiment to find what works for you in your environment, but experiment cautiously. Above 100°F (38ºC), the flavor of honey is altered; above 120°F (49ºC), the beneficial enzymes in the honey start to break down and stop being effective.
Check for liquefaction of the honey after 30 seconds, particularly near the surface of the jar. If pockets of honey have started to liquefy, stir the honey to help transfer the heat. If the honey hasn't started to liquefy, continue microwaving in 30 second increments until some crystals start to liquefy.
Microwave for additional increments of 15 to 30 seconds, stirring after each microwaving session. Continue until the honey has nearly liquefied, then stir until the process is complete.
If most of the honey has liquefied but some stubborn crystals remain, you may want to finish the job off manually by stirring the honey vigorously instead of continuing to heat it.
Liquefy honey in a water bath if you're particular about preserving natural enzymes. Many people use honey in their diet because it contains enzymes that assist in digestion and promote overall health. If you are one of them, and find yourself with a crystallized mass of hard honey, use a warm water bath for best results.
As mentioned above, microwaving can not only affect the taste of the honey, it can also zap the honey beyond the point in which its enzymes break down. Since you can control the temperature of a water bath more easily, you are less likely to lose the beneficial aspects of honey using this method.
Transfer your honey into a glass jar if necessary. Avoid plastic containers if you can; not only are they shallower (making tipping over a very real possibility), they are also worse at conducting heat.
Fill a large saucepan with water and gently heat it up to about 95°-105ºF (35-40ºC). After water has reached about 105°F (40ºC), remove the saucepan from the heat source. The water will continue to heat even after the heat source has been removed.
If you don't have a thermometer to accurately judge the temperature of the water, look for bubbles to start forming on the outside of the saucepan. Small bubbles start forming at 105°F (40°C). You should still be able to dunk a finger in the water comfortably at 105°F (40°C).
Do not exceed 115°F (46°C) when warming. If there's any doubt about the temperature of your water, let it cool down and start over. Honey that is warmed above 115°F (46°C) is not longer considered raw.
Submerge the crystallized honey in the warm water. Open the honey jar and carefully place the honey in the water bath. Wait for the warm water to begin breaking down the glucose crystals on the sides of the honey jar.
Stir the honey periodically to speed up the liquefaction. Crystallized honey is a poor heat conductor; stirring will help transfer heat more evenly from the sides of the jar to the middle of the honey.
Remove honey from the water bath when it has fully liquefied. Since the water bath — removed from its heat source — will only get colder, you're in no danger of overheating the honey by simply leaving it in the water bath. Stir occasionally for best results; otherwise, set it and forget it.
Stir the honey crystals to produce friction. Stirring the honey with a sturdy spoon will cause friction. Anyone who's gotten a friction burn will know firsthand that rubbing two surfaces together very quickly produces heat. This heat helps liquefy the honey. So if you find yourself with a clump of crystallized honey and don't have a microwave or burner, or simply want to try something new, stir vigorously for 30 seconds to a minute and see if the problem isn't solved.
If you're trying to prevent crystallization in the first place, the type of honey you have will determine how quickly it crystallizes. Honey with high glucose content will crystallize much faster than honey with low glucose. So alfalfa, cotton, and dandelion honey will crystallize much faster than sage, longan, or Tupelo honey. Stirring these types of honey is just a delay tactic.
Filter raw honey through a microfilter to retain small particles that speed up crystallization. Small particles like pollen grains, flecks of wax, and air bubbles become the "seeds" of crystallization if left in honey. Remove them with a polyester microfilter and prolong the life of your liquefied honey.
If you don't have a microfilter, consider using a fine nylon cloth or even cheesecloth on top of a sieve as a filter.
Avoid storing honey in cold cupboards or in refrigerators in order to keep it liquefied longer. The ideal storage temperature of honey ranges from 21-27°C (70-80°F). Try to store honey in an environment with a fairly regulated temperature.
Apply gentle heat to head off further crystallization if you see sugar crystals forming. As soon as you notice crystals forming, liquefy them. The first crystal growth starts slowly but will accelerate if the crystals are left undisturbed, so stay vigilant and you won't have to deal with a crystallized mass of honey nearly as often, if ever.
If I dilute honey with a small amount of water, will it prolong the time until it recrystallizes?
Adding water will begin an undesirable fermentation process that will destroy the honey.
My bottle of honey says "Do not microwave," is it telling me not to microwave the plastic bottle or the honey?
You are not to microwave the honey in the plastic container. Transfer to a glass container if you want to microwave it. You could also warm it up with the water bath method.
Can I use the warm water method with a plastic jar?
Will liquefying my honey affect the taste?
Normally, honey is a liquid, but if it has crystallized, heat it in a microwave until it melts. Then, taste won`t be sacrificed.
Will it work to put the glass jar in cold water and heat it on the stove to recover honey that is turning into sugar?
Yes, but it will take a bit longer due to the honey being in a container.
Do you leave the honey comb in jar while trying to liquefy it?
Do not add water to granulated honey. Instead, apply gentle heat (as described in the steps above).
If water is added by mistake, honey will likely ferment into mead.
To liquify honey, start by transferring the honey to a microwave-safe dish. Then, microwave the honey in 30-second intervals using your microwave's defrost setting. Stir the honey every 30 seconds and continue microwaving it until it's liquified. You can also try submerging the honey in warm water and stirring it periodically until the hardened crystals inside melt. To learn how to stop honey from crystallizing in the first place, scroll down!
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 238,040 times.
"I've always wanted to know how to soften honey and this article helped me. This was very helpful."
"Very helpful. I wasn' t sure about the warm water method, now I know. Thank you."
"Very informative with no legal jargon."


text:
Q: gedit reverting settings to default I'd like to revert to the fresh gedit on my system. Any idea how to get back to default state? So that all my preferences would be lost as well as having activated only the plugins active by default?
Some background
My feeling is that it takes quite some time for the gedit to launch on my system and would like to start with the clean table once again.
Distros/versions
I'd like to achieve this on both of my systems: Xubuntu 12.10 (gedit 3.6) as well as Fedora 17 (gedit 3.4.2).

A: In your home find the gedit folder and delete its content (or the folder itself), which holds your preferences and settings. In Fedora it should be under:
/home/username/.gnome2/gedit
/home/username/.gconf/apps/gedit-2
/home/username/.gconf/apps/gnome-settings/gedit

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Carrington Square Apartment Homes offer stylish living situated just inside the gates of exclusive Savannah Quarters in Pooler, Georgia. Our pet friendly one, two and three-bedroom apartment homes have been thoughtfully designed to accommodate the luxurious lifestyle you deserve. Carrington Square is conveniently located near I-16, providing easy access to the shopping, dining, and entertainment options in Pooler or Historic Savannah. Live the life you deserve. Live Carrington Square.


HGS Year 11s storm into semi-finals!
Year 11 rugby team thrashed St. James' Knaresborough 10-0 in a very one-sided encounter. The team are now through to the semi-finals of the national Daily Mail Schools' Rugby competition. Congratulations to the whole team and good luck!
Watch the interview below and check out some of our other rugby stories. Send the team your support by leaving a comment.
moontree12345 - who has written 3 posts on Harrogate Grammar.
Would you like to join the HGS Atticus team, or have something to say or share? Then your in luck.
Joining the team: if you would like to join the team you can complete the form in the about us section.
Making a submission: if you would like to send us a story, photo or video then click on the submit a story menu. We look forward to hearing from you.
School uniform – Good or Bad?
Syria – Should we act?


The following lists events that happened during 2015 in Chile.
March 3 – The Villarrica volcano erupted in southern Chile leading to the evacuation of 3,000 people.
April 22 – The Calbuco volcano erupted.
June 11 – In football, the 44th Copa América will take place across Chile.
September 16 – Magnitude 8.3 earthquake strikes 54km W of Illapel.
^ "Villarrica Volcano erupts in southern Chile".
^ "The Copa América Chile-2015 will be held from June 11 to July 4". www.conmebol.com. CONMEBOL. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
^ "M8.3 – 54km W of Illapel, Chile". USGS. September 16, 2015. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
This page is based on the Wikipedia article 2015 in Chile; it is used under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA). You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the CC-BY-SA.


text:
nanovalbruna
human mind and migration
online exhibition at UCSB
project at UCSB
digital nomads magazine
women of impact
2021 – Italy
2019 – New Zealand
2018 – California
Jeff Henley, Vice Chairman Oracle Corp., on Philanthropy
By impactmania|2019-07-28T21:31:03+00:00July 27th, 2019|Business & Economy, Interviews, Science & Tech|
Jeff Henley, former Chairman of the Board, now Vice Chair, of Oracle Corp., has gifted University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) 50 million dollars to build a new building that will house 16 laboratories for the Institute for Energy Efficiency. It is the first building at UCSB funded by private money.
impactmania spoke with Jeff at his home in Santa Barbara, California about philanthropy, how to prepare for a changing economy, and whether entrepreneurs are made or born that way.
BY PAKSY PLACKIS-CHENG
Jeff, a few times a week I drive by Henley Hall, your building that is going up at University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB). I understand that it will become an Institute for Energy Efficiency.
Yes, Henley Hall will house a lot of the people doing research for the Energy Efficiency Institute. There will be 16 labs, a mix of dry and wet labs, including for computer science work. A variety of research that is happening at UCSB will move over to Henley Hall.
What are you hoping to foster—what would you like to come out of Henley Hall?
I went to UCSB almost 19 years ago. When I moved back to Santa Barbara, I got more involved with the school. The more I became involved, the more I realized that UCSB was well regarded, especially in Science Engineering.
What I learned was that we are attracting lots of good young system professors, but the problem was we didn't have enough labs. We weren't keeping up with the infrastructure.
Schools like UCSD and UCLA were way ahead of us in terms of the amount of space per student in engineering. There were several of us that helped start the Institute for Energy Efficiency, but I never dreamed that I would be doing a building.
I kept realizing that if we were going to raise the bar at UCSB in Science Engineering we would need to get more lab space, which meant a new building. The building is due a year from now and we've got every space assigned already. From a recruiting standpoint, it's been critical, to be able to tell students, doctoral students, and professors to come to UCSB.
When we started the state was still in a financial crisis. The school couldn't get any authorization for funding to build more space, which was part of it too. This is the only private building that UC Santa Barbara has ever done.
It will be the only building funded with private funds at UCSB. I had no idea. Congratulations.
I wanted to make a gift that was large so others could think bigger about supporting the school.
The building was half of the 50 million we announced. It was part of a match I set out to get. I put in half and gave some money for other things. It took us a while to get the match.
Subsequently, Charlie Munger [Vice Chairman Berkshire Hathaway] put in a gift larger than mine. Charlie Munger is a brilliant guy. The fact that he didn't go to UCSB but still made some very large investments says UCSB's a good investment, right?
How do you challenge the people moving into that building? What would you like to see coming out of it?
Specifically, the research that's going to be done will be primarily around Energy Efficiency.
We have a reasonably good computer science program these days at UCSB, we're maybe in the top 20. We're scored unbelievably high in Material Science which is in the top 3. Chemical Engineering is in the top 3. People will be coming out of John Bower's area and the Computer Science department. There will be a variety of the disciplines that will be doing research affiliated around this theme.
UCSB's Materials Research Lab, for example, spun out a lot of companies that are very successful and highly impactful. How do we encourage more of what we do in academia serving the public at large to be successful in the marketplace?
Right, we have the TMP [Technology Management Program] and that has grown over time. We've added a credentialed masters program. There are primarily non-academics teaching. With the TMP competition every year, we've seen some start-ups that have been great in terms of fostering practical application of research.
I think we have a growing history of commercial and innovation. John Bowers himself has started three companies. I think we've got a good basis, but a lot of things that higher education does, at UCSB or UCLA, are very advanced stuff. A lot of it is way before start-up stage.
And that's still, I think, a big part of what academia is about. You're not going to get the Oracles of the world or venture capitalists even investing in something that's ten years away. Somebody has to do that with early research. We used to have Bell Labs and IBM doing more research. Universities, through government and other grants, still have the role of doing very early stuff. Out of all that early research that universities do in science engineering, ultimately entrepreneurs will step in.
Companies also recruit from universities. UCSB is in the top five of where Hewlett Packard recruits from many from Material Science, for instance. So part of the mission is to educate people, get them ready, and then bring them into the commercialization.
A lot of the basic research of the semiconductor came out of universities. A lot of it came from government funding. I'm a libertarian, I'm not a big government guy, but I have always said that one of the wisest investments the United States government has made is in these research labs. It's chump change compared to the benefit it's given back to the public. A lot of the public doesn't realize that.
Is it important that the public is more aware of these things?
It is like anything, it is good if more that people could understand that. Many of us give government a generic bad rap. Government isn't always good at doing certain things. One of the biggest problem with the government is they can't kill stuff, right?
They create something, which was a great idea, like the bullet train. It sounded good at the time, but then the reality set in that it wasn't going to be good economically. I think the public should be very proud of what these national labs have done over the years. I'm sure a lot of the things that they funded have gone nowhere. That's what happens with basic research but a tremendous amount of innovation started in the research labs, funded by the US government.
We have companies too, Samsung, for example investing in the LED lighting and that's great too. But if you just look at the numbers, the largest sum of money in the UC systems and MIT comes from the government.
If government stopped doing that, there would be a lag effect, but it would be terrible.
Let's talk about how others can give, because people think that giving is pretty straightforward but it's very complex. Do you have any ingredients of how you give with a positive impact and also in a sustained way?
I read lots of articles about philanthropy. Unless you are the Gates Foundation, and you have massive amounts of money, most of us generally try to pick a few things. Rather than give 100 people money all the time, I try to focus on a few big things and then stick with it. I've been involved with the Boys & Girls Clubs of America for 35 years.
I'm very involved with UCSB. I give time, which is precious, and then I try to give significant money. I have other organizations—Sansum Clinic, Cottage Hospital — that I've given a reasonable amount of money, but I'm not on their boards. There's only so much you can do with your time.
I think most people have not been as lucky as I have to make as much money, but you can still do things—volunteer your time. But again, it would be the same thing. Most people have limited time, so they should find something they really care about and stick with it. Over time, it'll pay back.
If everybody found something they really cared about, it would have a real impact.
Do you see the next generation giving differently?
I think younger people today are much more balanced. They believe in giving their time. Actually, I think the younger generation is very open to philanthropy.
They might not have a lot of money yet but the idea of giving, volunteering, is so much more happening than probably with my generation.
How did this happen to be different with you—the 30-plus years support of the Boys and Girls Club? What spurred that?
I got involved up in the Bay Area in 1984. I was the CFO of a public company, my boss asked me to go on the board. This was the local Boys and Girls club. I had gone to the club as a kid. I said, "Sure, I'll do that." The next thing you know, I was the president of the local club. Then I got onto the regional board and then ultimately, on the national board.
Once you got involved, you realized the impact that these clubs have on kids. We're serving a lot of kids that don't have much. I like that, 'cause I didn't have much as a kid. I was pretty lucky that things worked out for me.
I've always have had a soft spot for helping kids getting a chance to be the best they can be. The clubs do a lot of things. Apart from a kids' gym, we do a lot of educational things. I'm actually retiring from the national board this year. I will be 75 this year, so I said, "That's it."
I'll still keep giving money but everybody's got to retire at some point. I'll certainly still stay involved.
We always ask who's had an impact on their DNA? I'm sure there's been many, but has there been a specific person who made Jeff Henley the way Jeff Henley is?
My mother would be my best answer. My dad was a pilot during World War II. He was from Texas but stationed out in Southern California where he met my mom. I was born in Phoenix after he did his sortie in North Africa in 1944. Then my sister and my brother were born. My dad decided to go back and be a career officer and was killed in 1948.
My mother raised us. We didn't have much, but we had veteran's benefits, so we weren't starving. A lot of these kids today have it much rougher, 'cause you've got gangs and drugs.
My mother was like a lot of people in those days, she had a high school education but she had a lot of common sense. We had no money, so we had to work hard for anything we wanted. But my mother was a very terrific, caring person. I think by far that's had the most effect on me.
After I got out of college, I worked for a number of bosses and companies. Obviously, I've learned from all those people. But I don't think there's anybody close to the impact that my mother had on me.
Is there anything specifically that she said that stayed with you?
Probably a lot of people feel good about their moms, but she was my only parent. She had the old time values, like people had in those days. I'm a big sports fan so I've read a lot of John Wooden stuff.
Wooden was older than my mom and she wasn't raised in the Midwest. But she had the kind of basic stuff: you're accountable for your actions and you don't lie. It's just all those basics. She was a good role model, I think. She trusted us and didn't over-parent us. If we had made mistakes, we had to learn from them. There are clearly other relatives and people in business. But there's no one person, not even in business that has molded me like my mom.
Your tenure at Oracle is significant, right?
Yes, more than half of my career. Yes, 28 years. I graduated from UCLA in '67. I have been 52 years in business working. At Oracle for 28, so that's more than half. I've crashed the half way of my career. I'm not planning on leaving anytime real soon!
What's the single most important thing you learned at Oracle?
By the time I came to Oracle, I was at a stage where I was helping them. So I learned a lot to be a CFO, turnarounds. By the time I got to Oracle, I was actually in a position to apply my knowledge to help. I'd say working with a guy like Larry Ellison who's clearly a brilliant, mercurial entrepreneur, is different than working for professional managers.
He's incredibly funny and thinks differently. After working with him for so long, I've learned to appreciate entrepreneurs—why they're different. They just are. He's not without his mistakes or flaws, like anybody. But entrepreneurs operate differently than a professional manager.
I'm a professional manager, so I've actually learned to appreciate those traits in business. Particularly in tech, you have to keep evolving. In a lot of tech companies they just have a hard time getting on to the next thing and the world passes them by.
Especially when you're that large at some point, right?
Yes, it's a real risk. We've definitely made bad mistakes at times or been slow to adapt. But in general, the good has outweighed the bad. I think we're in pretty good shape. It's harder I think unless you have someone like Larry that thinks different.
Big companies—IBMs, Hewlett-Packards, it's very difficult for big companies to evolve quickly enough. I learned to appreciate Larry's uniqueness, and not just his, but entrepreneurs in general. Steve Jobs, I was fortunate enough to know him.
What are some of the traits they have in common?
Steve Jobs had that famous ad with Einstein when he came back to Apple. Think different, and I think that's really it. I think that entrepreneurs tend to have a lot of confidence in themselves. They have an ability to be a contrarian, to think different. Larry and I talk about this many times, he's always listening, but he's not willing to accept conventional wisdom. Sometimes he will throw out an idea that turns out to be goofy. And we'll tell him, "Larry!" He can say, "Yeah, I guess you are right." But he's always challenging conventional wisdom. In large companies a lot of the CEOs give into grooves of what they do and they're not entrepreneurial. They don't challenge conventional wisdom and that's deadly.
Now, besides challenging, you have to execute.
Larry's had many goofy ideas, but he talks them through. Sometimes he would do things that none of us were sure about. It turns out he was generally right. You have to have a reasonably good batting average too.
Do you think they were born with that?
Sure, yeah.
Or is it environment?
I don't believe you make entrepreneurs. I know that we have entrepreneurship programs, but come on.
You have to be a certain type of person?
People can be trained to be more entrepreneurial and can be trained on financing and put themselves in a position that they can go out and do a start-up. It's very hard to get anyone to think differently. Larry and Steve Jobs are incredibly smart people, but I think they were born skeptical in a way. Kinda smart-alecky.
I definitely think that true entrepreneurs grew up that way. I definitely think that people can be molded to some degree. If you're going to get in the start-up business, you'd better get some help—entrepreneurial programs are helpful.
Every year so many students graduate. If you would have to start a new, what would you be looking into now, 2019, after graduation?
I was an economics major, but I believe that the world is changing faster and faster. Even if you don't have a science or engineering background, I think you should be looking at new emerging things.
When I started, I came to Silicon Valley in '72, from Southern California. I was 27 or 28, and wanted to get international experience. It seemed to me that that would make sense. I didn't know what a semiconductor was. Those were early technologies that became very, very big over the years. You should be looking at things around the environment, artificial intelligence, bio stuff, and the brain.
This is where a lot of the opportunities are going to be for people. Either be an engineer or work in the company like I did as a CFO. I would encourage people try to figure out what's out there on the horizon. As a kid coming out of our college, how do you possibly know? I think just keeping your ear to the ground, thinking about what's evolving.
Science and engineering are lifting the standards and productivity around the world and it's going to continue. It's exciting. It's not like the world doesn't need teachers or nurses, but if you want to work on really exciting stuff, to me, it is going to be mostly around science and engineering.
Is there any particular science and engineering area that excites you if you would be a student today?
My oldest daughter was in tech. She's almost finished with a nine-month program at Berkeley. She updated all of her tech skills, she's learned OpenSoft, and has redone her portfolio of technologies.
Every kid at UCSB should be taking something around analytics and data science. Whether you are an economy major or going into HR. You only have to take a few classes.
If you didn't take it and you graduated, go back at night. I have a granddaughter that graduated with honors this year in Physics from UCSB. She has a job, and she's like, "I really like algorithms." I said, "You're a physics major, which is great, but I if I were you, go at night and take a few of these data science programs that will supplement your physics degree."
Analytics data and an understanding of artificial intelligence will help you be successful in your job, but also help you avoid getting into jobs that are going away. Automation of a lot of work hasn't happened yet. In your lifetime, you're going to have to reinvent your whole skill set, probably at least twice.
It may involve fundamentally retooling your skills at some point. You don't have to necessarily go back to school.
If you're a young person coming to college, go out with this idea: I know the world is changing, but it is cool. People that are in trouble are 50 year olds that didn't grow up this way and don't want to retrain themselves. They want to get by to retirement. If you're 50, you're still young. I would try to reinvent myself.
So what next for you?
I just love Oracle. I love being helpful. I don't have to work full time. I don't really enjoy being on boards anymore. Whenever I leave Oracle, I'd probably just volunteer more of my time.
We're still going through a lot of change, to get us over to the Cloud. That's been going on for a long time. We're now, within a couple of more years. I think it'll be pretty clear that we've crossed that chasm.
I'm not a person that can just sit around idle, and I've traveled plenty in my life so I would have to find something to replace the time I spend at Oracle.
Where do you go to after serving as the chairman of the board, right?
Well, that's what I keep asking myself.
What I would find that would fulfill me, right? I'm pretty good at what I do. The reason I'm still at Oracle is because I go out and see customers. Over the years, I've visited 20,000 customers. I try to limit myself to 13 weeks a year—I do videoconferences, phone calls, and I still enjoy it.
I like Larry a lot and believe in what we're doing. What else would I do that I could be equally good at?
Teremoana Rapley: Singer-Songwriter, Aotearoa Music Hall of Fame
impactmania internship - Today's Tools of Integration
The Role of Social Media in Migration
Language Between Host and Hosted
About the Author: impactmania
impactmania features people and projects that drive cultural, social, and economic impact. This is to inspire, involve, and connect current and next-generation's impact makers.
impactmania events
2021 Women of Impact – Italy
impactmania Women of Impact – Italy will take place in an intimate setting in July. Paola Ferrari has been part of the impactmania's Women of Impact network since 2017. She traveled with impactmania's founder Paksy Plackis-Cheng to New Zealand and experienced firsthand a once -in-a-lifetime professional opportunity and lasting personal friendship. Together they are looking forward to hosting you in Bella Italia!
2020 Stay at Home!
COVID turned us all into Digital Nomads! Read more about working location-independently and the impact of modern day people movement.
2019 Women of Impact – New Zealand
impactmania's Women of Impact was awarded the U.S. Embassy Diplomacy grant to interview 12 Women of Impact in New Zealand. The U.S. Consul General will welcome the women and a public event will take place in Auckland, November 3-8, 2019. Here are the Women of Impact Aotearoa.
2018 Women of Impact – California
Hostile Terrain 94: Art as a Means for Political Change
Robin Hauser: Bias
Architect for Aleppo – the Next-Gen on Rebuilding Syria
Chantal Line Carpentier, Chief UNCTAD, on the People's Sustainable Goals
Enrico Di Minin on Using Social Media for Wildlife Conservation
MV Scuola
Social Enterprise Series
Copyright © impactmania | All Rights Reserved | Terms of Service | Privacy Policy
This website works with basic cookies and third party services. We do not sell any of the data collected. I got it!


text:
Macall B. Polay/HBO
Where Is Tommen Sending Jaime On 'Game Of Thrones'?
By Mariella Mosthof
After a Walk of Atonement interrupted, Tommen Baratheon has bizarrely decided to link up the crown and the faith in an unholy union. Since Jaime tried to intervene with the Lannister army, Tommen decided to shun him from King's Landing. So where is Tommen sending Jaime on Game of Thrones? He'll still lead an army on behalf of the king.
In a very weird move, Margaery and Tommen decide to spare her and her brother further pain and embarrassment by announcing a "holy alliance" between the crown and the faith. Jaime Lannister and Olenna Tyrell, who were on the verge of neutralizing the High Sparrow, are crushed.
"When you attack the faith, you attack the crown," Tommen says to his uncle after the announcement. "Anyone who attacks the crown is unfit to serve as Lord Commander of The King's Guard."
He adds, "You have served your house and your king faithfully for many years, and you will continue to do so. But not in this city."
You see, The Blackfish has taken Riverrun, wresting it back from Walder Frey's clutches. Frey wants it back, especially after the lengths he went to in order to secure it, but his army can't seize the castle on its own. Riverrun, remember, basically has an on-demand moat it can bust out at will to defend itself from attack.
Since Riverrun technically belongs to the Iron Throne, with Frey as its ruler, Tommen sends Jaime to head up the siege on it, but he's reluctant to go. Jaime would much rather stay behind and murder the flock of sparrows who have essentially brainwashed Tommen into doing their bidding. Plus, Cersei has a trial coming up and he doesn't wish to abandon her on a months' long mission.
Cersei reassures her brother that it will be a trial by combat and she has The Mountain protecting her. She'd also prefer him to be in his rightful position heading an army rather than the High Sparrow's prisoner in a dungeon, so she pushes him to go to Riverrun and "take that stupid little castle back because it's ours and because you can."
If anyone can dictate Jaime's actions, it's Cersei, so it seems like, for now at least, they'll be separated for the foreseeable future of Season 6.


text:
7th CPC Pay Matrix Table
Civil Matrix
MHRD Matrix
GDS Matrix
KVS Admission
DA Chart
You are here: Home / 2nd National Judicial Pay Commission News
38% DA from 1.7.2022 to CG Employees & Pensioners
VII Civilian Pay Matrix Maharashtra S20 Pay Matrix
Rajasthan Level 10 Maharashtra Pay Level S 15
Rajasthan Pay Level 8 Kerala 11 Pay Revision
CG Pay Level 8 CG Pay Level 10
Holiday list 2023 India
CG Pay Matrix Table Defence Pay Matrix
Holiday Home Booking 2022 TN Pay Matrix
Maharashtra Pay Matrix Rajasthan Pay Matrix
Increment Calculation 2022 8th Pay Matrix
2nd National Judicial Pay Commission News
Second National Judicial Pay Commission submits its Report
The Second National Judicial Pay Commission has filed the main part of the Report in 4 volumes covering the subject of Pay, Pension and Allowances, in the Registry of the Supreme Court on 29.01.2020.
The Commission has been constituted pursuant to the Order of the Supreme Court in All India Judges Association case and the Government of India, Ministry of Law & Justice issued a Notification dated 16.11.2017 in this regard.
Shri Justice P.V. Reddi, former Judge of the Supreme Court is the Chairman, Shri Justice R. Basant, former Judge of Kerala High Court is the Member and Shri Vinay Kumar Gupta, District Judge of Delhi Higher Judicial Service is the Member-Secretary of the Commission.
The Interim Report was submitted by the Commission in 2018.
The salient recommendations are:
The Commission having considered various alternative methodologies has recommended the adoption of Pay Matrix which has been drawn up by applying the multiplier of 2.81 to the existing pay, commensurate with the percentage of increase of pay of High Court Judges. @ 3% cumulative has been applied.
As per the revised pay structure evolved by the Commission, the Junior Civil Judge/First Class Magistrate whose staring pay is Rs.27,700/- will now get Rs.77,840/-. The next higher post of Senior Civil Judge starts with the pay of Rs.1,11,000/- and that of the District Judge Rs.1,44,840/-. The highest pay which a District Judge (STS) will get, is Rs.2,24,100/-.
The percentage of Selection Grade and Super Time Scale District Judges proposed to be increased by 10% and 5% respectively.
The revised pay and pension will be effective from 01.01.2016. Arrears will be paid during the Calendar year 2020 after adjusting the interim relief.
Pension at 50% of last drawn pay worked out on the basis of proposed revised pay scales is recommended w. e. f. 1-1-2016. The family pension will be 30% of the last drawn pay. Additional quantum of pension will commence on completing the age of 75 years (instead of 80 years) and percentages at various stages thereafter are increased. The existing ceiling of retirement gratuity and death gratuity will be increased by 25% when the DA reaches 50%.
Nodal officers will be nominated by the District Judges to assist the pensioners/family pensioners.
Recommendation has been made to discontinue the New Pension Scheme (NPS) which is being applied to those entering service during or after 2004. The old pension system, which is more beneficial, will be revived.
The existing allowances have been suitably increased and certain new features have been added. However, the CCA is proposed to be discontinued.
Recommendations are made to improve the medical facilities and to simplify the reimbursement procedure. Medical facilities will be granted to pensioners and family pensioners also.
Certain new allowances viz. children education allowance, home orderly allowances, transport allowance in lieu of pool car facility, have been proposed. HRA proposed to be increased uniformly in all States. Steps to ensure proper maintenance of official quarters recommended.
The recommendations made by the Commission are applicable to the Judicial officers throughout the country.
Supreme Court will have to issue directions regarding the implementation of recommendations after hearing the stakeholders.
Source: PIB (06 February 2020)
2nd National Judicial Pay Commission
The Supreme Court of India on 09.05.2017 in Writ Petition No.643/2015 directed to appoint a Judicial Pay Commission to review the pay scales, emoluments and service conditions of the Judicial Officers of Subordinate Judiciary in India. Accordingly, with the approval of the Cabinet, the Government notified setting up of the SNJPC on 16.11.2017 under the Chairmanship of Mr. Justice (Retd.) P.VenkataramaReddi, former Judge of Supreme Court of India.
Member- Mr. Justice (Retd.) R. Basant, former Judge of Kerala High Court.
Member Secretary (to be chosen by the Commission, preferably a Judicial Officer).
SNJPC has submitted their report to this Department on dated 04.02.2020. A copy of report has been submitted to Supreme Court of India and to State Governments. The recommendations of SNJPC are under consideration of Supreme Court of India. This Department has filed its views/comments on the recommendations of SNJPC in the Supreme Court of India on 22.06.2020.
The recommendations of SNJPC shall be considered by this Department in respect of judicial officers of the Union Territories in consultation with Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance and necessary orders will be issued to Union Territories to revise the pay and allowance of Judicial Officers under their administrative control.
Revised Rates of Salary, Allowances, and Pension of Supreme Court and High Court Judges w.e.f. 01.01.2016
Designation Salary Pension Gratuity
Chief Justice of India Rs.2,80,000/-p.m. Rs.16,80,000/- per annum
+Dearness Relief Rs.20,00,000/-
Judges of Supreme Court Rs.2,50,000/-p.m. Rs.15,00,000/- per annum
Chief Justices of High Court Rs.2,50,000/-p.m. Rs.15,00,000/- per annum
Judges of High Court Rs.2,25,000/-p.m. Rs.13,50,000/- per annum
Designation Furnishing
Allowance HRA Sumptuary Allowance
Chief Justice of India Rs.10,00,000/- 24% of Basic Salary Rs.45,000/-
Judges of Supreme Court Rs.8,00,000/- 24% of Basic Salary Rs.34,000/-
Chief Justices of High Court Rs.8,00,000/- 24% of Basic Salary Rs.34,000/-
Judges of High Court Rs.6,00,000/- 24% of Basic Salary Rs.27,000/-
Revised Scales of Pay of Officers & Staff of Supreme Court of India As Per 7th Central Pay Commission
Post 7th Pay Level Basic Salary
Secretary General Level 17 Rs. 2,25,000
Registrar Level 15 Rs. 1,82,200
Additional Registrar Level 14 Rs. 1,44,200
Deputy Registrar Editor (Supreme Court Reports) Director (Library) Level 13 Rs. 1,23,100
Assistant Registrar PPS to Hon'ble Chief Justice of India Assistant Registrar-cum-Private Secretary Chief Librarian Assistant Editor (Supreme Court Reports) Level 12 Rs. 78,800
Court Master Branch Officer Librarian P.S. to Registrar Senior Assistant Librarian Assistant Director (Supreme Court Museum) Level 11 Rs. 67,700
Personal Secretary to Additional Registrar Senior Personal Assistant Senior Court Assistant/ Editor of Paper Books/ Court Associate Sr. Court Assistant-cum-Sr. Programmer Sr. Court Assistant (Sr. Translator) Assistant Librarian Level 8 Rs. 47,600
Court Assistant Court Assistant (Technical Assistant-cum-Programmer) Court Assistant (Junior Translator) Personal Assistant Level 7 Rs. 44,900
Junior Court Assistant Level 6 Rs. 35,400
Chauffeur Special Process Server Photocopy/ Digital Duplicating Machine Operator Grade-I Library Attendant Grade-I Restorer Grade-I Level 5 Rs. 29,200
Photocopy/ Digital Duplicating Machine Operator Grade-II Library Attendant Grade-II Restorer Grade-II Level 4 Rs. 25,500
Senior Court Attendant Usher Jamadar (Farash) Jamadar (Safaiwala) Level 4 Rs. 25,500
Junior Court Attendant Chamber Attendant (R) Chamber Attendant (T) Level 3 Rs. 21,700
Pay Scale Hand Salary
7th Pay Matrix Level 1 in Hand Salary
7th Pay Matrix Level 10 in Hand Salary
7th Pay Matrix Level 13A in Hand Salary
What is what?
What is Pay Matrix?
Pay Matrix is a number table designed by 7th Central Pay Commission and recommended for all group of CG Employees and Officers with effect from 1.1.2016 – click to know more
What is Pay Matrix Level?
The nomenclature being used in the new pay matrix assigns levels in place of erstwhile grade pay – click to know more
What is Fitment Factor or Fitment Benefit?
Fitment Factor is a common multiplication number, which is used for arriving a common result – click to know more
What is Terms of Reference?
A key report with instructions given to the Committee or Group – click to know more
Copyright © 2023 -paymatrixtables.com


Lomani Intense Black Cologne by Lomani, Intense but sophisticated, lomani intense black for men, introduced by lomani in 2014, is a great fragrance to dab on before an evening out with a special someone. This fragrance opens with lemon, bergamot and pink pepper top notes for a revitalizing aroma that prepares you for the atlas cedar and galbanum middle notes, which provide a woody, balsamic scent. Due to the heavy sillage of this fragrance, it makes a bold impression on the people around you without overpowering them.