text:
Law School (6) Alderman (5) Ivy (5)
Government Document (21) Book (19) Online (10)
United States Congress House Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Courts, Commercial and Administrative Law (7) United States Congress House Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Regulatory Reform, Commercial and Antitrust Law Author (3) United States Congress House Committee on the Judiciary Author (3)
Electronic Commerce — Taxation — Law and Legislation — United States (21) Business Enterprises — Taxation — United States — States (10) Interstate Commerce — Taxation — Law and Legislation — United States (10)
S. Hrg (3) Report / Congressional Research Service (2) Report / 112th Congress, 1st Session, House of Representatives (2)
KF - Law : United States (18)
Last 10 years (21) Last 50 years (21) Last 3 years (2)
Library Catalog (19) Hathi Trust Digital Library (2)
Last 10 yearsx Subject
Electronic Commerce — Taxation — Law and Legislation — United Statesx
Business Activity Tax Simplification Act of 2011: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Courts, Commercial and Administrative Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, on H.R. 1439, April 13, 2011
United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Courts, Commercial and Administrative Law
Book; Government Document
View Locations and Availability
Y4.J 89/1:112-41
Proposed Extension of the Internet Tax Moratorium: Hearing Before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, First Session, July 16, 2003
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
EBook; Book; Government Document; Online
PDF version:; Text version:
Y4.C 73/7:S.HRG.108-980
Nexus Issues: Legislative Hearing on H.R. 2315, the "Mobile Workforce State Income Tax Simplification Act of 2015;" H.R. 1643, the "Digital Goods and Services Tax Fairness Act of 2015;" and H.R. 2584, the "Business Activity Tax Simplification Act of 2015" : Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Regulatory Reform, Commercial and Antitrust Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourteenth Congress, First Session, June 2, 2015
United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Regulatory Reform, Commercial and Antitrust Law
Available Law (2nd Floor Documents) Map
Y4.J 89/1:112-41/ERRATA
Business Activity Tax Simplification Act of 2011: Report Together With Dissenting Views (to Accompany H.R. 1439) (Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office)
United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary
Y1.1/8:112-257
Business Activity Tax Simplification Act of 2011 [electronic resource]: Report Together With Dissenting Views (to Accompany H.R. 1439) (Including Cost Estimate of the Congressional Budget Office)
Text version:; PDF version:
Digital Goods and Services Tax Fairness Act of 2011 [electronic resource]: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Courts, Commercial and Administrative Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, on H.R. 1860, May 23, 2011
Y4.J 89/1:112-137
Marketplace Equity Act of 2011: Hearing Before the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, on H.R. 3179, July 24, 2012
Business Activity Tax Simplification Act of 2011 [electronic resource]: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Courts, Commercial and Administrative Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, on H.R. 1439, April 13, 2011
Read online; Errata:
Book; Government Document; Microform
Available Alderman (3rd Floor East Reading Room)
Business Activity Tax Simplification Act of 2011 [microform]: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Courts, Commercial and Administrative Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, on H.R. 1439, April 13, 2011
Digital Goods and Services Tax Fairness Act of 2011: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Courts, Commercial and Administrative Law of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, First Session, on H.R. 1860, May 23, 2011
Taxation of Internet Sales and Access: Legal Issues
Lunder, Erika
Online; Computer Resource; Government Document
LC14.23:R 43800
The Internet Tax Freedom Act: In Brief
Stupak, Jeffrey M.
Copy 1; Copy 2
KF27.J8569 2011f
?f[published_date_facet][]=Last 10 years&f[subject_facet][]=Electronic commerce -- Taxation -- Law and legislation -- United States&sort_key=received


The Fox School of Business at Temple University seeks a full-time, non-tenure track faculty member in the field of business communications. The position involves training students to be skilled in written, oral, and digital communications used in the business world.
Temple University's Annual Security and Fire Safety Report contains statistics, policies, and procedures related to campus safety and can be found at: www.temple.edu/safety/asfr/. You may request a copy of the report by calling Temple University's Campus Safety Services at 215-204-7900.
Additional information is available from the university, college and department websites at: www.temple.edu.
Qualified candidates are required to hold a Master's degree or beyond in business, communications, or a related field.
Evidence of excellence in university-level teaching is also required. Salary is highly competitive and commensurate with qualifications. The position is available starting in August 2018.
Applications should include (a) cover letter, (b) full curriculum vitae, (c) evidence of excellence in teaching (i.e., evaluations), and (d) the names and contact information for three references.


But for the most part, the foreign-born soldiers were scattered as individuals throughout units. For comparison, the Confederate Army was not very diverse: Some Confederate propaganda condemned foreign-born soldiers in the Union Army, likening them to the hated Hessians of the American Revolution. Army administration and issues[ edit ] Various organizational and administrative issues arose during the war, which had a major effect on subsequent military procedures. Eventually, it was realized, especially after the valiant effort of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry in the Battle of Fort Wagner , that blacks were fully able to serve as competent and reliable soldiers. This was partly due to the efforts of Robert Smalls , who, while still a slave, won fame by defecting from the Confederacy, and bringing a Confederate transport ship which he was piloting. He later met with Edwin Stanton , Secretary of War, to argue for including blacks in combat units.
Operation Banner Northern Ireland Operation Granby the first Gulf War to date: Back issues can be bought from Family History Monthly's website: He is being mourned by a young mother and her baby, who has not yet been weaned. The Dead Soldier, c. Having been orphaned, he enlisted at five years of age and served in the British Army for twenty-one years, seeing action in the Peninsular War.
A short personal description with many self-taken large photos of Castles, Stately Homes and Houses with links to appropriate picture sites. Interesting and some very rare places all over Britain.
Items can be shipped internationally and all carry a 7 day money-back guarantee of authenticity provided the item is returned in the condition it was sent. If you have anything you would like to sell or exchange, from an individual item to a whole collection, please e-mail details. This website is run by a husband and wife team David and Maria Smith. David was born in and grew up surrounded by British Army Badges, as his father was a badge dealer going back into the sixties.
The website is run as a hobby rather than a livelihood and we are proud to have helped put some fine items into some of the best collections in the world. We do not personally collect any specific items but are fascinated by all of them and consider our unsold stock at any point in time to be our "collection". Please enjoy browsing our collection and we hope you find something of interest.
For records of commissioned officers see our British Army officers up to guide. These records were, in the vast majority of cases, originally retained for pension purposes. The medal rolls do not usually contain biographical information. You can also search these records on microfilm at The National Archives at Kew, but you will need to know the campaign and the relevant regiment to use these records.
Trace the Footsteps of a WW1 Soldier If you are tracing an individual soldier and you know the name of the military unit he served with — the corps, division, regiment or battalion — you may be able to use War Diary records to find out where the unit was at any time when it was on active service during the war. It is always useful to look at the War Diaries of other units based in the same location or involved in the same attack.
For example, if you have found a battalion War Diary for the month when a relative was known to be in action or was killed in action, you could also look up the War Diaries of the other battalions in the same brigade, division or corps. Other sources such as Correspondence and Papers of Military Headquarters, Intelligence Summaries, Maps and photographs may also be helpful to look at as they may contain additional details of the particular action you are looking for.
Information to be Found in a War Diary The information contained in the daily report of a War Diary can vary from just a few words to a detailed description of life at the Front. It may include map references, individual's names usually officers only , awards of gallantry medals and casualty reports. The information contained in the War Diary will reflect the type of unit, for example, the War Diary of a Field Ambulance unit will give information about casualties and medical services assisting the wounded during a battle.
An infantry battalion on the Front Line will record the part it played in a particular battle action or raid. It will also outline the duties carried out during its daily routine out of the line, for example, training, parades, cleaning of equipment and bathing the men, sorting out stores and so on. The fact that the War Diary was sometimes written under very difficult conditions when the unit was in action explains why some daily reports were scribbled and brief.
Another interesting factor about the War Diaries is that the reports are often a reflection of the individual who was writing them.
While made to commemorate the British naval victories at St. Vincent, the Nile, Trafalgar and the War of , this pattern of dirk also saw service in the U. It is the arm of the young midshipman, and an important secondary weapon for any naval officer in hand-to-hand fighting.
Olive dating has created a jacobean great britain and less and contact website. Khan, a. Oct 9, read this is an online hiv community for the original .
If you have just met someone online and they are trying to encourage a meet-up before you really know them, they may not just be overly eager. Let your relationship take a slow and steady natural course of events and let your gut decide when it is right to call them. Remember that when you give out your number, unless it is an unlisted number, you are giving out your address as well.
Storming of Redoubt 10 during the Siege of Yorktown The Continental Army was created on 14 June by the Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, and military thinking influenced the new army. A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben , who taught the army Prussian tactics and organizational skills.
The army fought numerous pitched battles and in the South —81 sometimes used the Fabian strategy and hit-and-run tactics , hitting where the enemy was weakest, to wear down the British forces.
Light Infantry our skills With all battalions in the Light Role Infantry, we specialise in dismounted close combat with the most up-to-date weapon systems and equipment. The Regiment prides itself in the specialist infantry skills and agility of its soldiers. Fitness – fit to fight Weapon handling — mounted and dismounted systems Communications – using the most modern equipment Agility – to cope with the full spectrum of situations Experienced – a track record of operational excellence our deployments We are very lucky to be a part of the adaptable force, who are currently deploying on active operations all across the world.
We have created a close bond with our friends in West Africa which we hope will last and keep us busy for a long time. We balance this commitment with other tasks and training missions globally: For a Regiment with just two Battalions we keep ourselves very busy, which we are able to do because we proved ourselves time and time again in Iraq and Afghanistan, and we have a very close family supporting us back home.
Our People Our people are our edge. We are a county based Regiment, bound together by a closely-knit family spirit. Our approach is classless, based on mutual respect and trust, where developing and believing in our soldiers is paramount. The Regiment's regular battalions are based in Woolwich London and Cyprus Dhekelia with very strong links to the counties that they represent. Our reserve battalion has a presence in all our recruited counties, from Lincolnshire to Hertfordshire.
Do not briefly glance over a page and assume that the information you require is not there.
The LDS singles online dating, and matchmaking personals features listed above are provided to help LDS singles understand some of the differences between LDS Pals .
There is a large variety of helmet shapes and designs. This fact has helped propelled the field of collecting helmets. While the hobby has growing popularity the value of the items has increased. This section of the website provides a pictorial guide to the various helmets that were used by countries during the periods of WWI through today. This is also an identification and price guide for collectible helmets around the world.
From all the braches. Ranging from WWI to the present. The history of the modern US combat helmet can be traced back to As the war in Europe intensified, the number of casualties incremented. Many of the soldiers had head wounds produced by sharpnel. It was clear that head protection was needed. Since the US did not have a helmet design at the time, it turned towards its allies.
Indo-Pakistani War of and Kashmir conflict Immediately after independence, tensions between India and Pakistan began to boil over, and the first of three full-scale wars between the two nations broke out over the then princely state of Kashmir. The Maharaja of Kashmir wanted to have a standstill position. He signed the Instrument of Accession to India on 26 October Indian troops were airlifted to Srinagar from 27 October dawn onwards.
An intense war was waged across the state and former comrades found themselves fighting each other. Pakistan suffered significant losses.
We Buy Badges For Cash Or Credit! We are happy to buy or part-exchange all military badges, medals & militaria for cash or credit.


An accurate Behr Interior Paint house plan is essential to build up your dream dwelling November 18, 2015 at 6:52 pm. If you spot any of these design mistakes, make sure you modify the house plan as soon as possible.
Many smaller rooms are not good. Almost all potential buyers today, according to Kathryn Perez, choose a residence with a couple of big rooms than so many smaller rooms.
Main bedroom around busy space is a common miscalculation. The main bedroom is your primary spot to restore stamina after daily activities outside. Position the main bedroom in a section that is not easily seen by visitors Behr Interior Paint.
Constructing garage far away from the kitchen area is a miscalculation. You need to put up these two rooms next to one another to effortlessly bring goods from your car to the kitchen. One thing for sure is that the majority of home buyers opt for a house 2303 with garage and kitchen built closely.
Another frequent flaw in designing a home plan is allotting a tiny area for the foyer. An ideal house plan Behr Interior Paint gives enough space for the foyer.


Rándall Quirós,Minister of Public Works and Transport (MOPT) under former President Abel Pacheco, last week inaugurated one of two pedestrian bridges being constructed over the General Cañas Highway, which runs from San José to the province of Alajuela, even though it was unfinished, said MOPT spokesman Omar Segura.
"The structure was almost 90% finished, and the outgoing minister wanted to leave office having inaugurated it," said Segura, adding that the structure should be completed within two weeks.
The bridge, located near Mall Cariari, was inaugurated on Quirós' last workday,May 5, and is one of eight pedestrian bridges over Central Valley highways for which Pacheco's administration left construction contracts ready, according to Segura.
The other bridges, on which construction is expected to begin in June, will include three over the Florencio del Castillo Highway, from San José to the eastern province of Cartago, and two over the Próspero Fernández Highway, which runs past Multiplaza Mall in the western suburb of Escazú, west of San José, said a statement from MOPT.
The other bridge, over General Cañas, the highway where the daily Al Día reported 10 pedestrians have died in the past two years, is under construction in front of Residencial Los Arcos in Cariari. Engineers are unsure when it might be completed, Segura said.
Construction of these bridges, the only two that have been started, comes after approximately five years of planning and a ruling by the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (Sala IV) in October 2003, that ordered their immediate construction (TT, Nov. 21, 2003; July 2, 2004).


Football Federation Australia (FFA) and Northern NSW Football (NNSWF) have partnered to identify six (6) ALDI MiniRoos Kick-Off Centres throughout regional NSW to allow young players to experience the football fever sweeping over Australia.
The ALDI MiniRoos program, runs for one hour a week over five consecutive weeks and aims to provide both new and existing young football players the opportunity to enjoy the game in a fun and exciting format without having to commit long-term.
Northern NSW Football, Community Manager Pete Haynes said the program is a great way for kids aged between five (5) to ten (10) to kick-off their football dreams.
"We've selected six locations throughout regional Northern NSW to provide our regional kids the opportunity to be a part of the excitement surrounding this great sporting event.
"The program is designed with fun in mind, so anyone can come along and each participant takes home a participation pack including an exclusive Caltex Socceroos supporters jersey" said Haynes.
The ALDI MiniRoos Kick-Off Your Dream Centres commence from Wednesday 20 June in the following locations.
Cost per participant is just $90 and includes participation pack including: shin pads, sticker pack, football, boot bag and exclusive Socceroo supporter jersey!


This course is recognised by the Association of Accounting Technicians (AAT), the professional body for accounting technicians. It is the final level in the suite of AAT courses, and is valued by leading employers. Upon completion of this level and with the required level of work experience, you can apply for Membership of the Association of Accounting Technicians, giving you the letters MAAT after your name.
Rolling Stones lead singer Mick Jagger and singer Janet Jackson both studied Accounting.
You will be required to attend one five hour session every week over one academic year (36 weeks) and will be expected to spend between eight and twelve hours per week on additional work/home study. To obtain further tutorial help and study advice you will also be expected to visit the AAT website.
The special relationships AAT holds with the main sponsoring bodies will provide you with the opportunity to progress to one of their courses and study to become a Chartered, Certified, Management or Public Finance Accountant.
Completion of the Level 4 Professional Diploma, together with the required relevant experience, will allow you to practice as an Accounting Technician in an accounting practice, industry and commerce or the public sector as well as in your own right. Previous students have followed a professional career path and are now fully qualified Chartered or Certified Accountants.
You will need to hold the AAT Level 3 Diploma or an equivalent industry qualification to gain entry on to this course.


text:
DACRES MARKETS NEW OFFICE DEVELOPMENT
Commercial News | Wed 31 Jan 2018
Dacres Commercial is marketing a brand new, contemporary office building in Ilkley town centre that is currently under construction and is due to complete this summer.
The development, known as The Point, is located on Mayfield Road which is just a five-minute walk from Ilkley Railway Station. One third of the building is already pre-let to Halliday Clark Architects.
The two remaining units cover approximately 2,350 square feet on the building's ground floor and 2,001 square feet on the first floor, the latter of which incorporates an impressive mezzanine level set within the roof void. The development offers flexible accommodation as the two units could be leased as a whole, individually or alternatively the ground floor space could be divided into smaller units of approximately 1,175 sq ft each.
The Point also benefits from a generous allocated parking area and a wide range of communal facilities, including shower rooms, a high specification kitchen area and lift access to the upper floors.
Matthew Brear, an Associate at Dacres Commercial, says: "There has been a lack of office development within Ilkley town centre over the past ten years, the success of the Oakapple scheme on Railway Road which saw over 25,000 sq ft of accommodation pre – let proves there is demand from business. The Point will appeal to a wide range of forward thinking businesses looking for a contemporary and impressive working environment. The property is set to constructed to an exceptional standard, which will further enhance its appeal to businesses that want a genuine landmark building."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Getting people to do what you want is great, particularly when you can achieve it without extortion or the threat of violence.
Luckily it turns out the key to escaping a family dinner or your getting a colleague to take some of your workload is simple: make them think it was there idea in the first place.
A recent study by the Polish Psychological Bulletin has found that using the words "you will probably refuse" to preface your request makes people significantly more likely to help. To prove the theory researchers asked people to donate money to charity asking either, "You will probably refuse, but I wonder if you could help us by making a donation," or the same question without the four magic words.
Despite most of those asked still not being willing to donate, the former group were much more willing to empty there pockets when they believed they were giving a surprising answer. 39% of that group donated whereas just 25% did when asked directly.
Study author Nicolas Guéguen wrote that the research "seems to show that this sentence could be considered as a new verbal way to increase compliance with a donation request." Ny Mag backed this up adding, "People like it when you give them an out, a common-sense notion that is at the heart of something called reactance, a decades-strong theory in psychology that says most people have a strong aversive reaction to restriction."
as you wish, but..." exerted the same effect."
Got those noted down? Now go get whatever you want.


text:
Q: SWRL and current date time I am trying to use the swrl tab used with protege, and I was wondering if there is any way I
can assert the current time and date in a rule. Also I need to know if I can subtract 2 dataproperties (type: dateTime).
Thank-you in advance

A: A rule using the current date and time would very likely imply the ontology is non monotonic - the inferences being drawn from it would change with time, without any change to the ontology. This might catch some users of your ontology by surprise.
That said, I'm not aware of a way to do either mathematical operations or capture the current time in the Protege SWRL tab. You could of course create a rule with
the current timestamp via code, e.g., through the OWL API, and show it in Protege.
An example rule can be built like this:
OWLOntologyManager m = create();
OWLOntology o = m.createOntology(example_iri);
// Get hold of references to class A and class B.
OWLClass clsA = df.getOWLClass(IRI.create(example_iri + "#A"));
OWLClass clsB = df.getOWLClass(IRI.create(example_iri + "#B"));
SWRLVariable var = df.getSWRLVariable(IRI.create(example_iri + "#x"));
SWRLClassAtom body = df.getSWRLClassAtom(clsA, var);
SWRLClassAtom head = df.getSWRLClassAtom(clsB, var);
SWRLRule rule = df.getSWRLRule(Collections.singleton(body), Collections.singleton(head));
m.applyChange(new AddAxiom(o, rule));

Source, examples and support for OWL API programming can be found here

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Meet the New Boss
Categories: Commentary, Legislation, Politics and the Bond Market |
This week we look at how State GDP (and therefore employment and tax receipts) may be impacted should certain campaign promises be kept. As we prepare for the inauguration of President-Elect Donald Trump, thankfully we have been spared "fighting in the streets."[1] However, municipal market participants are bracing for uncertainty as the Trump administration and the newly elected Congress begin the process of implementing policy ideas promised during the campaign such as repealing the Affordable Care Act and increasing infrastructure spending.
Among other areas, President-Elect Trump and Congress will consider is the cancellation and/or renegotiation of trade deals such as NAFTA, the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the changing of trade policies with countries such as China and Mexico. As it relates to trade, the question is will 'the world look just the same,'[2] or will there be a radical change from previous trade policies?
States that rely heavily on exports to foreign countries, which we define as greater than 10% of their GDP, are worth a closer look as the new administration considers its next steps on its promise to change trade policy. Below, we identify the ten States that rely most heavily on exports as a percentage of their GDP for 2015 (the last year for which data is available). For each State, we also identify their top three foreign trading partners and each State's Geo Score, our proprietary measurement of economic well-being.
Source: DIVER Analytics, Filter Tool, USCB
The chart above highlights some interesting facts:
China is a one of the top three foreign trading partner for six states (Washington, Louisiana, South Carolina, Texas, Michigan, and Tennessee).
Mexico is one of the top three trading partner for seven states (Louisiana, Texas, Kentucky, Michigan, Tennessee, Indiana, and Mississippi).
Seven states (Louisiana, Texas, Kentucky, Michigan, Tennessee, Indiana, and Mississippi) count both Mexico and Canada among their top three trading partners and may experience economic changes because of a renegotiation or cancellation of NAFTA.
Eight of the ten States most reliant on exports voted for Mr. Trump during the election with Washington and Vermont (represented by Senator Bernie Sanders, another Presidential candidate skeptical of foreign trade deals) being the exceptions.
Assuming some change in trade deals that impact imports and exports, the question is what impact such changes will have on those States with a relatively high portion of their GDP coming from exports to countries such as China and Mexico (countries where there has been outward hostility unlike with our neighbor to the north, Canada). What will be the impact, if any, on tax receipts and employment?
Several data points are worth considering, such as largest State employers and GDP breakdown by industry (for DIVER Analytics clients, we suggest a look at the Search Module by State to access this data). By way of example, below we highlight the largest employers in Michigan and Texas, two States that have China and Mexico in their top three export partners. What might the impact be on these employers should there be a change in trade policy?
It is also worth looking at the States most reliant on exports in relation to our proprietary Geo Score for each State. As the chart on the prior page provides, certain States such as Washington (6.4) and Vermont (9.4) have relatively strong economies and rely heavily on exports to power their economies. If President-Elect Trump follows through on his promise to alter current trade agreements those two States may experience a larger relative decline in their economic health. Will Washington's economic health decline significantly due to less trade with China? Will Vermont be able to maintain its relatively strong economy since they are trading with countries largely ignored by Mr. Trump during the campaign?
Moving on to States with relatively weak Geo Scores that are heavily reliant on exports such as Mississippi (0.2), Louisiana (0.6), South Carolina (1.6), and Kentucky (1.8). What will change in trade policy bring to them? Will their already relatively poor economies suffer more? Or do these States see change in trade policy as having a marginal impact or potentially a good thing? As new policies are implemented, these are some of the questions municipal bond investors must consider during a period of uncertainty. Will President-Elect Trump follow through on his campaign promises to alter trade policy? What will be the effects on a federal, State, and local level to changes in trade policy? Or will "nothing in the streets look any different to me[3]."
Eli Molin
Municipal Data Analyst
[1] The Who. 'Won't Get Fooled Again." Who's Next, Decca, 1971.


Can buying green make you more comfortable?
What are your thoughts on this infographic from elocal exploring the differences between "acting green" and "buying green" today?
Do you still practice some of the habits on the "acting green" side even though you "bought green" and now have a more efficient toilet or washing machine, etc.?
Like it? Get the code to embed.


text:
Tech papers
At maxon, we develop and build high precision electric drive systems that are among the best in the world. We combine brushed and brushless DC motors, gearheads, sensors, and controllers into complete mechatronic drive systems.
Aerospace and Consumer Goods/Appliances Aerospace , Consumer Goods/Appliances , Military/Defense , Robotics , and Semiconductor
Motors Continue to Operate in Antarctic -120°F Temperatures
The Dome C telescopes in Antarctica must operate continuously in weather that is the most severe on the planet.
At Concordia Station in Antarctica there is a telescope mount that has been operating for a few years now. Just recently there was a new record temperature at the Dome C site, -84.6°C, or -120.28°F. Not many things operate well under such conditions, but the telescope mount — which has to move continuously — used for scientific studies by the Laboratoire Universitaire d'Astrophysique de Nice (LUAN) happens to be one of them.
Astro-Physics designs and manufactures telescope mounts and has proven that they work well in Antarctica through the installation of a number of their 900GTO and 1200GTO mounts that have been operating continuously at Dome C since the early 2000s. This is important because maintenance is so difficult there. Low temperatures and dangerous wind conditions prevent technicians from working outdoors, and the mount must be reliable 24 hours per day for the entire polar night lasting six months. Their latest mount installed at the site, the 3600GTO, is the largest mount used at Dome C to date.
As can be imagined, one of the most important aspects of every telescope in the world is the gear reduction system used in the mounting apparatus. In order for a telescope to maintain a consistent bead on a particular star or system, it must move continuously. If a telescope is not driven, the image of a star, for example, would be out of view very quickly. The higher the telescope magnification, the faster that target will appear to move.
So, in order for a target to stay "fixed" in the viewing field of a telescope, the mount has to move continuously. Astro-Physics' precision mounting systems are for use with telescopes ranging from 50 pounds to ones like the Antarctica telescope that weighs a quarter ton.
"Every system we build uses maxon motors," explains Wally Piorkowski, Head of Mount Production/Scientist for AstroPhysics. The grease used in the motor's bearings is ideal for harsh/extreme temperatures, such as the severe conditions experienced at Dome C in Antarctica. Once in place, the maxon motors do not need to be greased which would never work in such severe conditions as those at Dome C in Antarctica. maxon motors also feature an ironless core designed with neodymium magnets, which provide the highest power available relative to motor volume. For mechanical commutation, the motors are provided with either graphite or precious metal brushes. And for the applications on mounts, the motors offered linear characteristics making them easy to implement. Of course, reliability is one of the more important characteristics that make maxon motors ideal for such an application.
There are two axes designed into each mount. One axis, the right ascension axis is mounted parallel to the Earth's axis and follows the Earth's movement. Actually, the motor is driven in the opposite direction of the Earth's rotation so that the target object looks as though it is fixed in the sky. The reduction drive is designed by Astro-Physics. The company only uses maxon's motor and encoder.
The declination axis is mounted at a right angle from the ascension axis. With the two axes mounted at right angles from one another, the operator can aim the telescope anywhere they want. The encoder is used so that the motor can adjust and correct its position on an intermittent basis.
"We use A-max motors for our smaller mounts and RE25 motors for mounts like the one at Dome C," Wally said. The RE25 offers the highest torque per unit size in its class. "A major factor in using maxon motors, though, is that they have no cogging," he said. Cogging or detent is the jerky motion most iron core motors exhibit while operating slowly. maxon motors use an ironless design that eliminates cogging, even at slow speeds like those needed for telescope mounting systems.
"Often our mounts are bought separately from the telescope itself," Wally said. "Astronomy clubs, schools, associations, etc. buy the telescopic equipment and the mounting system separately then put them together themselves." The company's 3600GTO and 3600GTOPE mounts have also been installed in a variety of domestic locations including universities, research organizations, astronomy clubs, community organizations, and foundations committed to the education of children. Companies engaged in solar power research have also used the company's precision mounting systems.


You like the Independent use of a Weight Belt over Weight Integrated BCD's it allows you to use Weight when Snorkeling-or-Diving more Versatile. If you already have a Belt and prefer having Pre-Strung Belts for Various Dive Situations or like having a Spare this Traditional Weight Belt is what you need. Belt measures (L x W) 60" x 2" (152.4 x 5 cm), is made from Nylon Webbing and has a Non-Corrosive Delrin Nylon Plastic Buckle.
Click the button below to add the Weight Belt AmScuD with Stainless Steel Buckles to your wish list.


(Helps with mood, stress and sleep)* A combination of specific ingredients intended to help enhance mood, reduce stress and improve sleep. Included in the formula are: same for its benefits in the support of mood and emotional well-being; DMAE which helps with alertness and its positive influence on the mood; GABA for its relaxing and anti- anxiety properties; Chamomile Concentrate to help reduce stress and improve sleep; Ashwagandha which is thought to have natural sedative properties; 5-HTP to help improve sleep and for its possible benefits in fighting depression; B-Complex Vitamins including B-1, B-2, B-6, B-12, Folic Acid and Niacinamide for their many benefits in fighting stress and irritability while helping to promote a positive mood. Calcium and Magnesium are included for their benefits in helping prevent mood swings and depression along with calming the body.


What a pleasure it was to receive a box of Cherries Glamour with four little punnets of delicious dark red cherries sent all the the way from Spain! I know that's not an 'eat local' thing, but Scotland isn't a noted cherry growing country so I don't feel too bad.
The cake is easy to make as it uses a batter-type mixture made with melted butter rather than creaming. The cherries go on top of the batter, as I don't have a cherry stoner, I halved the cherries and removed the stones with a knife.
The cherries are then topped with a crumble mixture. I found the recipe was rather heavy on butter and light on flour so added a bit more so I could get it to the correct crumble consistency (like breadcrumbs) I used spelt flour for the crumble as I love the added flavour and texture that it provides.
You don't get a lot of rise with the cake, probably due to the moisture in the fruit, the cake is not over sweet and I would say it is more suitable for dessert rather than as a slice of cake, but we did eat, and enjoy it as both.
The company's production philosophy is based on integrated production, GLOBAL GAP and the use of ecological cultivation techniques. The cherries are picked daily, at the point of having ripened to perfection, and are dispatched on that same day so that the client receives a fresh product with all its freshness and flavor.
S.A.T. EDOA "Cherries Glamour" is a Spanish company located in the Ebro valley near the Pyrenees in the province of Lleida that specialises in the production and marketing of cherries in March, the first and only company in the world to do so. Follow Cherries Glamour on Facebook.
I received a box of Cherries Glamour to review, I was not paid for this review and all views are my own.
A lovely looking cake. I absolutely like cherry crumble cakes.
I love cherries! Can't wait for them to come in season here, but I would love some of these Spanish ones. Sometimes, especially in the winter, eating locally is a little overrated.
That cake looks splendid Janice, I love a good crumble cake, but keep forgetting to make one. The scoop of ice-cream looks perfect too. Those cherries look so fantastic, I am craving them now and hoping I haven't left it too late to say yes to getting some myself. I am rather behind with all my e-mails.
I love crumble, I love cherries, how could this cake get any better??
This looks scrummy, Janice! I love cakes like this. In the States we would say this has a streusel topping, which I remember fondly from childhood baking sessions with my grandmother. We would use fresh milk from her farm. Love cherries and can't wait until they are in season. They are my top fruit luxury and I will pay a ridiculous price for decent ones.
I think that looks fabulous Janice. A real treat!


So I made this for any facebook user that wants some solidarity for the second amendment.
8 million gays can't be all that wrong.
Red, White and Blue 2 you or 2nd amendment red, white and blue. Either one works for me. I love it Michael!


text:
May 8, 2018 Kyiv
In Kiev, an outbreak of measles: an infection found in school, Department of psychiatry and pharmaceutical companies
© Dnia
A few days in the capital have discovered more than fifty cases.
In Kiev recorded outbreak of measles.
This was stated by the acting Director of the laboratory center of the Ministry of health Sergey Chumak.
"In may, as of may 07 registered 177 cases of measles, including among children – 50. And from 5 to 6 may have recorded 60 cases of measles", he said.
According to chumaka, in may, three cases of measles found in a residential building in the Shevchenko district, five in women's psychosomatic ward No. 24, "Psychiatry", Podolsk district, and three cases among the workers of JSC "Pharmaceutical firm "Darnitsa".
In addition, on may 6, has recorded four cases among students of specialized school №200 in Svyatoshinsky district.
Recall that in Ukraine for three months with measles is sick man 9091 – 3270 5821 adults and a child. From complications caused by the disease, died five children and two adults.
Earlier it was reported that due to the outbreak of measles at the quarantine, shut down a children's hospital in Kharkov. The doctors found among patients several patients with symptoms similar to measles.
44.ua
/ EC
« In Ukraine will start to work the new payment system
The European Union wants to expand the sanctions because of "elections" of the President of the Russian Federation in the Crimea – media »


text:
Dave Grayson's Hot Racing Tickets For April 16th
Compiled By Dave Grayson
If you believe that asphalt is for racing and dirt belongs under the asphalt, then here's a collection of hot racing tickets from California and Arizona for you to consider heading into next weekend.
ALL AMERICAN SPEEDWAY. 1/4 MILE. ROSEVILLE, CA. www.allamericanspeedway.com
Saturday, April 16th. All American will be treating its fans to a full evening highlighted by the presence of the Pacific Challenge Series Late Models, presented by Penny Lawyers (dot) Com, which is highly regarded as being one of the better late model regional touring series in the western states. Adding to the racing excitement will be the presence of the Street Stock division and the Legends of the Pacific.
The spectator gates will open at 4pm with the racing going green at 6pm. Adult tickets, age 16 to 59, are $15. Tickets for seniors, age 60 plus, and juniors, age 6 to 15, are $7 with children age 6 and under admitted free. The speedway also offers a budget friendly family pass for $35 which admits 2 adults and 3 juniors.
HAVASU 95 SPEEDWAY. 1/4 MILE. LAKE HAVASU CITY, AZ. www.havasu95speedway.com
Saturday, April 16th. This very fun race track will be officially concluding its 2015 - 2016 winter racing season this Saturday night with a time honored tradition they created many years ago: the season ending Night of Destruction. The evening includes the speedway's exciting, and sometimes even hilarious, waterless boat race. The object here is to complete the race with a boat attached to your race car. Trailers for the boats are not allowed. The drivers will literally drag the boats on the speedway surface. If by chance a boat is knocked loose from a car, the driver has the option of collecting a wrecked boat lying on the track and push it with their front bumper. Whether the boat is towed or pushed, the object is maintain contact with a boat.
The speedway will also treat its fans to some stock car racing while wrapping up two points championships. Points champions will be officially crowned Saturday night in the speedway's Bandolero and Sam Nichols Electric Factory Stocks. Adding to the fun will be a monster truck show.
The spectator gates will open at 5pm with the Night Of Destruction seeing a green flag at 7pm. General admission tickets, age 17 plus, are $12. Tickets for seniors, military personnel and the handicapped are $10. Kids tickets, age 6 to 16, are $6. Lake Havasu Unified School District students can receive a one dollar discount by presenting their school ID at the ticket gate. Kids 5 and under will be admitted free. The speedway also offers a budget friendly family pack for $25 which admits two adults and two kids. Fans can also enjoy the special amenities of the speedway's VIP section for $25.
IRWINDALE EVENT CENTER. 1/2 & 1/3 MILE. IRWINDALE, CA. www.irwindalespeedway.com
Saturday, April 16th. It's going to be another busy, not to mention exciting, night at the IEC. The NASCAR Whelen All American Series will be providing the action featuring the Seidner's Collision Centers Irwindale Race Trucks, the Pick Your Part Late Models, the Race Car Factory Spec Late Models, Legends, Mini Stocks, Super Stocks and the Bandoleros.
The spectator gates will open at 4pm with the green flag falling on this fully loaded racing evening at 7pm. Adult tickets are $10 if purchased in advance via online or in person at the speedway box office located at 500 Speedway Drive in Irwindale. Otherwise, adult tickets purchased at the gate on race day Saturday will be $15. Children's tickets are $5.
KERN COUNTY RACEWAY PARK. 1/2, 1/4 & 1/8 MILE. BAKERSFIELD, CA. www.kernraceway.com
Saturday, April 16th. NASCAR's home to Kern County will be presenting the NASCAR Whelen All American Series Saturday with the on track action being provided by the NASCAR Late Models, NASCAR Spec Mods, INEX Bandoleros, NASCAR Mini Stocks and the Mini Dwarfs. Adding to the fun will be a special exhibition event from the slide ways, tire smoking, cars from Just Drift.
The spectator gates will open at 5pm with the racing going green at 7pm. General admission tickets, age 16 plus, are $10. Tickets for active duty military, seniors 65 plus and kids age 6 to 15 are $7 while kids five and under will be admitted free.
LAKEPORT SPEEDWAY. 1/4 MILE. LAKEPORT, CA. www.lakeportspeedway.com
Saturday, April 16th. Lakeport will be kicking off 2016 with their season opener Saturday night featuring their Lakeport Challenge Series. The on track racing contenders will be comprised of the Bandolero, Bomber, Hard Top, Jammer, Legend and Pro 4 divisions.
The spectator gates will open at 330pm. Qualifying runs will start at 5pm with heat races and main events to follow. General admission tickets are $12 while tickets for seniors, age 60 plus, and students with valid school ID are $9. A special ticket rate for first responders, with valid ID, is $6. Kids tickets, age 5 to 11, are $6 with toddlers and infants admitted free. The speedway also offers a budget friendly family pack for $30 which admits two adults and three kids.
LOAN MART MADERA SPEEDWAY. 1/3 MILE. MADERA, CA. www.racemadera.com
Saturday, April 16th. The fastest one third mile in the west has always been regarded as a hot ticket and will prove that point Saturday night with another fully packed show presented by the Hampton Inn and Suites. The on track action will be led by race #1 of the Enduro Extreme Series Barrel race which includes a 40 lap main event. Also on the excitement agenda will be the Madera Late Models, the Madera Hobby Stocks, the MSTs, Toyota Sedans, the 4 Bangers and a 25 lap exhibition race from the newly established Junior Late Model division.
On race day qualifying will be held at 4pm followed by heat races at 545pm with opening ceremonies and main events set for 7pm. General admission tickets are $15 and $13 for seniors and military personnel. Youth tickets, age 6 to 12, are $7 with kids five and under admitted free.
SPEEDWAY WILLOW SPRINGS. 1/4 MILE. ROSAMOND, CA. www.thespeedwaywillowsprings.com
Saturday, April 16th. This speedway had a stunning season opener last March 26th and more of the same can be expected when they drop the green flag on a full day of racing this Saturday. Providing the on track action will be the speedway's Elite division, a racing group created by speedway officials that allows Super Late Models, Late Models, Modifieds, Southwest Tour and Spec Trucks to race together under a single rule book. Also, look for racing excitement from the So Cal Enduro Series, Street Stocks, Hobby Stocks, Mini Stocks and the Skid Plates.
This event is a day race with all of the fun receiving a green flag at 1pm. General admission is $10 which will buy fans a special wrist band that will allow them to visit all of the tracks, and their racing action, on both Saturday and Sunday and that why the Willow Springs International Raceway is regarded as being extremely fan friendly. Kids age 8 and under will be admitted free.
Labels: All American Speedway, Havasu 95 Speedway, Irwindale Speedway, Kern County Raceway Park, Lakeport Speedway, Madera Speedway, Speedway Willow Springs
Milburn Wins Thrilling Third Round Of Tri-Holiday At Stockton
Havasu 95 Speedway To Conclude Winter Season With ...
A Busy And Fun Weekend Set For Willow Springs
Big Field Ready For PCS Late Model Action At Rosev...


Maserati North America and the "Maserati" in association with Maserati of San Francisco hosted a Sail and Ride Event at the Waterfront Hotel. Invitees were offered the exclusive opportunity to experience the power and luxury of the Maserati Granturismo as well as get a glimpse of the 2014 Maserati Quattroporte! Then, guests had the opportunity to experience the Record-Setting VOR70 single hull sailboat out on the open water of the San Francisco Bay. Captained by Giovanni Soldini, the "Maserati" broke the record sailing from NY to SF around the Cape Horn of South America earlier in the year, by making the voyage in just 47 days, beating the previous record by 10 days!


Last weekend, my beau and I went to a nearby city's annual antique/garage sale, which is held in a parking structure. It was super hot, but at least the coverage from the parking garage provided some shade. The pickings this year were pretty slim, but I did come away with a few finds and a couple deals. I found a Hawaiian print DeWeese swimdress for $5!! Pictures to come soon. I also found this early 60s tent dress, which has great patch pockets on the hips. I just love pockets on a dress.
We're having the hottest summer here, too. Days and days of 100+ temps. It's so awful, isn't it?
Love the print on your tent dress--so fun!
Yes,this weather! I'm very glad I've discovered your blog. It's really nice to find another metro Detroit fashion blogger!


text:
National Telecommunications and Information Administration
United States Department of Commerce
Electing Doreen Bogdan-Martin Would Be a Historic Step Forward for the ITU
March 08, 2018 by David J. Redl, Assistant Secretary for Communications and Information and NTIA Administrator
For more than 100 years, March 8 has been celebrated as International Women's Day, honoring the achievements of women and advocating for greater gender parity.
While women have made great progress in the past century, from the voting booth to the boardroom, there are still many institutions that haven't kept pace. For example, in its 153-year history, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has never elected a woman for any of its five elected leadership roles.
This year, the voting members of the ITU have a chance to take a significant step forward by electing Doreen Bogdan-Martin as Director of the ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau, or D-Sector. Bogdan-Martin is an ITU veteran and former NTIA official who will bring dynamic leadership to this important body.
The ITU, originally founded to coordinate telegraph signals, is responsible for assigning global spectrum and satellite orbits, which are key functions for U.S. space and national security policy. The ITU also promotes access to technology and develops technical interconnection standards.
Space policy is a key priority for U.S. Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross, who is leading an effort to reinvigorate the United States' leadership in space research and technological advancements, and ensure that the regulatory system is adaptive to the private sector's extraordinary rate of innovation. That's why the Department of Commerce is strongly backing the candidacy of Bogdan-Martin, an experienced and judicious American who is an ideal fit to lead the ITU's D-sector.
The D-Sector works to bring telecommunications and information technology to the developing world. In her work at the ITU, Bogdan-Martin has shown a unique ability to lead transformative programs, attract private investment, and bring together the right people and organizations to address the digital divide. As the head of the D-Sector, she plans to increase global connectivity, strengthen partnerships, improve resource mobilization, and encourage digital inclusion and skill development.
Since 2008, Bogdan-Martin has been chief of the ITU's Strategic Planning and Membership Department. She is the most senior-ranked woman at the ITU, and her track record includes coordinating the UN Broadband Commission and launching EQUALS, the ITU's new gender empowerment initiative.
The ITU's leadership elections are held every four years at a Plenipotentiary Conference. The next conference is scheduled for October 2018 in Dubai. The United States invites all countries to join our support for Doreen Bogdan-Martin, a leader whose vision and drive match the enormous challenges the world will face over the next four years.
Photo source: ITU
National Spectrum Strategy
CSMAC
WRC-19
WRC-15 Archive
AWS-3 Transition
American Broadband Initiative
Minority Broadband Initiative
Broadband Interagency Working Group Archive
Digital Nation Reports
National Broadband Map
Digital Economy Board of Advisors
Internet Policy Task Force
Global Free Flow of Information
Domain Name System
IANA functions
State Alternative Plan Program
State and Local Implementation Grant Program
State and Local Implementation Grant Program 2.0
Broadband Technology Opportunities Program
State Broadband Initiative
Low-Power Television and Translator Program
Next Generation 911
Institute for Telecommunication Sciences
BroadbandUSA
1401 Constitution Ave., NW Washington, DC 20230
commerce.gov | Privacy Policy | Web Policies | Information Quality | FOIA | Accessibility | usa.gov


Admitted to using unlicensed people to perform appraisals. The college or university have to be a level-granting institution accredited by the Commission on Colleges, a regional or nationwide accreditation association, or by an accrediting company that is recognized by the U.S. Secretary of Education. Nicole Watson, a commercial real estate licensed appraiser.
If Reasonable Cause is found, the Division Counsel points a Discover of Proposed Board Action (Notice) to the Licensee. College courses in subjects resembling economics, finance, arithmetic, laptop science, English, and enterprise or real estate regulation may be helpful for prospective appraisers and assessors.
Employers typically require candidates to take fundamental appraisal courses, complete long-time period on-the-job coaching, and work sufficient hours to fulfill the necessities for licenses or certificates. The confidentiality of the Evaluate Board's proceedings limits obtainable info.
Searching for recent artwork to augment their assortment, he decided to commerce the Brillo Box for a drawing by summary artist Peter Younger in 1971. Whereas Zillow's software isn't utilized in appraisals—its numbers are available on its web site without spending a dime—lenders have lengthy used internal and third-celebration pc fashions to assist worth homes.
Learn how widespread a level is, how a lot graduates earn, and what the job market looks like for over 200 degrees. The Division of Labor & Industry is dedicated to offering assembly access through reasonable lodging under the Individuals with Disabilities Act. Therefore, it's incumbent on all state-licensed or certified real property appraisers to know and adjust to these laws and regulations.
Additional, the Fee regulates individuals who present home inspection providers pursuant to the provisions of Enterprise Occupations and Professions Article, Annotated Code of Maryland, Title 16 and Code of Maryland Rules, Title 9, Subtitle 36. Many states provide the Licensed Residential Real Property Appraiser.
Many assessors even have a state appraiser license or credential. The Screening Panel assembly is not a hearing, however slightly a committee meeting to evaluation and focus on the grievance and response to determine if disciplinary action is warranted. In April, a late 1930s painting by one artist, Le Pho, sold for almost $1.2 million at a Sotheby's public sale in Hong Kong, breaking the $844,000 document set by another of his work in 2014.


text:
package org.plasma.sdo.repository;

/**
 *
 * @author Scott Cinnamond
 * @since 1.2.4
 */
public interface Association extends Classifier {

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Tuskegee Airman Speaks At Crestwood
WRIGHT TOWNSHIP, Pa. — Students at Crestwood High School got a living lesson in history. Lt. Col. James Harvey spoke to a crowd at Crestwood Secondary Cam...
Author: Sarah Buynovsky
Published: 7:24 AM EDT May 6, 2019
Updated: 7:24 AM EDT May 6, 2019
WRIGHT TOWNSHIP, Pa. -- Students at Crestwood High School got a living lesson in history.
Lt. Col. James Harvey spoke to a crowd at Crestwood Secondary Campus Monday morning.
He grew up in Luzerne County's Mountain Top area, graduated as president and valedictorian of Fairview High School in 1942, and went on to become a famed Tuskegee Airman.
"Why did only 996 of us graduate from Tuskegee? Why were we the best? Why did no one hear about the Tuskegee Airmen for over 50 years?" he asked the crowd.
The Tuskegees were a group of the first all African-American military pilots to fight during World War II.
"I'm a big fan of history, American history especially, I've been studying it for a while, but I really have heard of them. Flying Corps from World War II, all African-American, it's a really inspiring story," said Drew Barno, a Crestwood student.
Harvey spoke to the student about his training, the war, and fighting discrimination.
"I think it's going to inspire all of us to hear about his story and I just think it's a great opportunity for us to understand what happened in the past," said Madison Hiller, a Crestwood student.
"I just think it's great that it comes full circle. He's able to come back and talk to us when he attended, he's from Mountain Top, and attended like we did," said sophomore Taylor Yeager.
At 95 years old, Harvey said his wish was to return home and talk with these young people.
"When I was growing up, I considered myself a perfectionist. Everything had to be perfect and with a perfectionist, there isn't anything a perfectionist can't do. Nothing. So that's what's taken me through life," he said.
"It's really inspiring to see that he's still alive and he lived through such a hard time, it's just amazing," said sophomore Ashleigh Button.


Turn heads this summer with our low back, side plunge one-piece thong. Adjustable straps allow for the best fit and support. A flexible addition to your wardrobe for the beach or even a night out with the girls as a bodysuit.


All reviews submitted for DiplomaCompany.com.au are verified before being posted. Any actual customer names posted in these uncensored reviews are only used with permission. Names are often changes to randomly generated names upon request to protect privacy.


For over 120 years, Lincoln Electric has been a world leader in the design, development and manufacture of arc welding products, robotic arc welding systems, plasma and oxyfuel cutting equipment and has a leading global position in the brazing and soldering alloys market. Known as the "Welding Experts", our solutions are used across diverse industry sectors in over 160 countries.
Headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio, Lincoln Electric has more than 45 manufacturing locations, including operations and joint ventures in 19 countries and a worldwide network of distributors and sales offices covering more than 160 countries.


text:
Walt Disney World Releases More 2020 Holiday Park Hours
WDW Prep School → News → Featured → Walt Disney World Releases More 2020 Holiday Park Hours
Allyson Koerner
The Walt Disney World calendar has once again been updated with new hours for the remainder of November and through early December.
Before we get to the latest hours for the holiday season, there are some upcoming park hour changes to take note of.
Animal Kingdom: Sept. 26 and Sept. 27 — 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (instead of closing at 5 p.m.)
Epcot: Sept. 26, Oct. 3, and Oct. 10 — 11 a.m. to 8 p.m. (instead of closing at 7 p.m.)
Remember, the holiday season at WDW begins on Nov. 6 and lasts through Dec. 30. Also the Epcot International Festival of the Holidays starts on Nov. 27.
Now, for the holiday hours:
Magic Kingdom: Nov. 29 – Dec. 5 — 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. (closes an hour later)
Epcot: Nov. 29 – Dec. 5 — 12 p.m. to 8 p.m. (opens and closes an hour later)
Hollywood Studios: Nov. 29 – Dec. 5 — 10 a.m. to 7 p.m. (no changes)
Animal Kingdom: Nov. 29 – Dec. 5 — 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. (no changes)
On Sept. 11, WDW's calendar was updated through Nov. 28 and showed the same park hour changes as above.
As we previously speculated, Magic Kingdom staying open an hour later is probably to accommodate the rotating nighttime projections on Cinderella Castle that are replacing the Dream Lights this year.
Park hours were reduced starting on Sept. 8 and with the holidays quickly approaching (there are less than 100 days until Christmas!), it's good to know we'll be able to spend more time at Magic Kingdom and Epcot during the most wonderful time of year.
For all of the latest updates and information, be sure to keep an eye on our WDW reopening page and our 2020 & 2021 vacation planner. As always, we'll let you know when more park hours are announced.
Budgeting for food at Disney (without using the Disney Dining Plan)
Walt Disney World is reopening, here's what you need to know
Disney World 2020 & 2021 Crowd Calendar (best times to go)
Complete guide to Mickey's Very Merry Christmas Party in 2020
2020 Guide to Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party


The Municpality of South Bruce will be hosting the Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing this weekend.
Minister Steve Clark will be coming to Teeswater for a round table discussion involving members of Huron and Bruce municipal staffs and councils. The discussion will focus on housing supply in local communities and will be chaired by Huron-Bruce MPP Lisa Thompson.
The discussion will be held at the Teeswater Town Hall on Saturday, January 26th, with a brief media availability afterwards from 3 until 3:15 pm.


text:
Building the custom nn Library
==============================
This is an example of a java library that you can build yourself with the included Rakefile.
You need a jdk, a system version of jruby and the ruby-compiler gem to build the nn library
(see ext dir).
Compiling and building the jar is dead easy just issue the following command in a console.

`jruby -S rake compile`

you may also need to set JAVA_HOME to point to your jdk eg

`export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_65` for linux users

You can even run the sketch using `rake`, with the `:run` task `rake run` and tidy up when your are done `rake clean`

This example was taken from [The Nature of Code](https://github.com/shiffman/The-Nature-of-Code) by Dan Shiffman, except the example has been rubified (and even the java code was doctored to be more up to date, and to prefer double to float).


Unique, large white Italian type.
Fruits are 5-6" long by 4-5" diameter. High-yielding plants with early maturity. Best for home gardens and farmers' markets, since thin skin and easy bruising precludes shipping. Green calyx. Avg. 5,900 seeds/oz. Packet: 25 seeds.


text:
FROM shilling-build

MAINTAINER Dan Gershony - CoinVault <dan@coinvault.io>

RUN  mkdir /root/.Shilling/

COPY Shilling.conf /root/.Shilling/

VOLUME /root/.Shilling

WORKDIR /usr/local/bin

EXPOSE 5000

CMD ["Shillingd"]


For approximately three years I had been experiencing severe lower back pain, which steadily began to inhibit the daily routines of my life. Throughout these years I went to a chiropractor, orthopedic surgeon, and a physical therapist, but no one seemed to be able to relieve any pain. After a fall I had about one year ago, I developed more problems. For example, I had pain down my leg, numbness in my foot, rib pain, and upper back pain. I felt like I had reached the end of my rope and I would be dealing with this for the rest of my life. However, a few weeks ago my Dad told me about how he ha been going to Dr. Horning and he never felt better. I was guaranteed relief. Of course I was skeptical because I had been to a chiropractor before and had gained little to no relief over almost a year of manipulation. Needless to say, I made an appointment with Dr. Horning. Now, around eight visits later, I am pain free and no longer experience numbness. Life doesn't seem to get any better than this.


text:
Paket bearbeiten

Diese Seite zeigt Informationen über ein installiertes Paket. <tt>Dateien auflisten</tt>-Taste zeigt eine Liste aller Dateien, aus denen dieses Paket bestehlt, während der <tt>Deinstallieren</tt>-Button den Prozess des Löschen beginnt.


text:
Smart and sustainable cities in Asia
About this programme
As cities grow and develop rapidly, citizens are demanding more efficiency with better services and an improved quality of life. This has driven governments to focus on building "smart," "intelligent," and "sustainable" cities—the terms are often used interchangeably—which are powered by the technological developments that can enable them, notably online government services, big data, open data, cloud computing and the Internet of Things (IoT), among others.
The advisory board consisted of the following experts:
Tan Kok Yam, head, Smart Nation Programme Office, Prime Minister's Office, Singapore
Tan Kok Yam is the Head of the Smart Nation Programme Office in the Prime Minister's Office. In this role, he coordinates the Singapore Government's plans, and engagement with the public and private sectors to use information technology in a concerted, integrated manner to achieve maximum positive impact to citizens.
Mathias Steck, executive vice president, regional manager Asia Pacific energy and renewables advisory, DNV GL Energy
Mathias Steck has 13 years of experience in the renewable energy industry. His team of 150 experts across the region deliver advisory services to the energy value chain including renewables and energy efficiency. Their expertise spans across onshore and offshore wind power, solar, conventional generation, transmission and distribution, smart grids, and sustainable energy use, as well as energy markets and regulations. Mr Steck has co-authored a number of technical papers which covered research on reclassification of steel failures and the development and construction of wind turbines on land and at sea.
Amirudin Bin Abdul Wahab, chief executive officer, CyberSecurity Malaysia
Amirudin Abdul Wahab is currently the CEO of CyberSecurity Malaysia, a strategic agency under the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI). He has 25 years of experience in ICT, telecom and IT sector in the Government and private sector. Dr. Amir has also served as Chairman of the World Trustmark Alliance, received an ASEAN Award as the Outstanding Chief Information/Security Officer and served as an OIC Task Force Member on ICT and Cyber Security.
Freddy Boey, deputy president and provost, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Freddy Boey is Provost at Nanyang Technological University (NTU) in Singapore and previously the chair of NTU's School of Material Science and Engineering. Professor Boey heads NTU's efforts to go green and sustainable through large investments in research and the establishment of a partnership with the University of Vienna, the Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT), the Medical University of Vienna and crystalsol GmbH, an Austrian company that specialises in renewable energy.
Sangay Penjor, director, urban and social sectors division, East Asia Department, Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Sangay Penjor is an experienced leader of water and urban sector teams at the ADB having processed 10 complex loan projects amounting to $1.2 billion over 15 years in the People's Republic of China (PRC), Mongolia, and India. Mr. Penjor has also been involved with water tariff reforms in the PRC and the establishment of a sustainable market-based housing finance and mortgage system in Mongolia. While in the Independent Evaluation Department, Mr. Penjor prepared a comprehensive evaluation study on the performance of ADB's Water Sector Policy and Operations, and ADB's Annual Portfolio Performance.
Startup My City: Smart and sustainable cities in Asia is a research programme from The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) sponsored by Hitachi, which examines sustainable and smart city initiatives in 20 cities across ASEAN (Bandung, Bangkok, Danang, Davao City, Ho Chi Minh City, Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur, Manila, Siem Reap, Singapore, Yangon) and Asia-Pacific (Auckland, Chennai, Hong Kong, Melbourne, Mumbai, Seoul, Shanghai, Taipei, Tokyo).
The EIU formed an advisory board, comprised of five experts on smart and sustainable cities, who helped to curate the list of 20 cities for this report and provided advice and input throughout the research programme.
The research also draws upon a survey conducted in August 2016 of 2,000 citizens—100 from each of the 20 ASEAN and Asia-Pacific cities—all of whom were familiar with smart city initiatives operating in their city.
The EIU bears sole responsibility for the editorial content of this research. The findings do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsor.
Download the briefing paper
To access the key findings from the research, and insights into the development of smart and sustainable cities in ASEAN and the Asia-Pacific, download the full briefing paper here.
Dr Vivian Balakrishnan, minister for foreign affairs & minister-in-charge of Singapore's Smart Nation Initiative, explains why we need smart cities, how to build them sustainably and what benefits they generate for citizens.
When 2,000 citizens across 20 Asian cities were asked for this research programme who should lead smart city initiatives, they preferred the national government (35%) and the city government (27%) to a combination of public and private sector partnerships (25%).


Stand out from the crowd with the Kinetic Halo with its unique two-tone paintwork. Available in several different colour combinations. Full limb allignment and tiller adjustment.
Please CONTACT US if you would like to check availability of your chosen colour.


Before Jackson, I had no idea what babies ate at different ages, or that there could be so many differing opinions on what/how to feed your baby. There is no one right answer, but here is a summary of how Jackson's eating has evolved, and what has worked for our family and our little guy.
– Jackson was exclusively breastfed until about six months, when we introduced solids. Whenever we're together, I nurse him, and when we're apart, he has pumped breastmilk. I know that a lot of families like to pump an extra bottle so that the baby's dad can feed the baby in the middle of the night and give mom a break, but I personally preferred a quick middle-of-the-night nursing session to extra pumping!
– At six months, we introduced Jackson to solids. His first foods were baby oatmeal (initial fail) and pureed mango (win). For a while I toyed with the idea of baby-led weaning because I loved the idea of feeding him what we're eating right away, but ultimately it was more practical for us to follow the traditional spoon-fed pureed baby foods route.
– No matter what we feed him, Jackson looks disgusted after the first bite. He is shocked and appalled by all solid textures and tastes, apparently. When he opens his mouth for more, though, we know he likes it.
– We have tried to introduce him to as many foods as possible early in his life. This is mostly because I want him to be able to eat table food, and the more ingredients he has been exposed to early on, the less we will have to worry when he is eating new foods with lots of different ingredients.
– We feed him a combination of store-bought and homemade baby food. When I make a batch of baby puree, I freeze it in individual portions and then defrost a different flavor each morning as needed. The store-bought bags are convenient, and they are nice way to have him try a new food. I don't want to spend the time and energy making a huge batch of something that he hates! I've found these silicon trays and tiny glass containers to be perfect for making and storing baby food.
– He loves fruit, as I think most babies do, and likes most of the vegetables that he has tried. He is lucky that his grandpa is an expert fruit picker/purchaser, and introduced him to mangoes and papayas. He also loves bananas, apples, pears, green beans, carrots, and sweet potatoes.
– He has tried pureed chicken, but is so far not a meat-lover. He tasted plain omelet for the first time over the weekend (the picture below was taken at a diner but the omelet was homemade), and he seemed to really like it. I'm not sure when he'll be old enough to handle a a pork rib, but I'm sure his dad will give him a taste by next summer!
– At 8 months old, Jackson typically has six to seven liquid meals a day (about 4 oz. each for those that come from a bottle) and two to three solid snacks. His snacks are getting quite large, though! He may eat anywhere from a couple of tablespoons to almost a cup of food.
As someone who loves cooking and trying new foods, introducing Jackson to solids and new foods has been so much fun. The two of us eat breakfast together every morning, and he is just starting to sit at the table in his high chair and eat while we eat ("eat" = play with a frozen bagel or mash pancake chunks in his hands). I am super excited for him to be old enough to have favorite meals and to ask me for them! Carnitas, anyone?


Teens were asked in the MTF 2006 survey how often they think about social issues (specific issues were not identified). The bivariate table includes responses organized by teen's race.
Test the null hypothesis that race and thinking about social issues are independent (alpha - 0.05).


Two months later, Effoduh sent us a link to the Law2Go website, with a link to the Android app. Distinctive among open access to law websites is the innovative combination of translation and audio. Effoduh hosts a popular radio show in Nigeria and has not only translated the Nigerian Constitution into local languages, but also provided a simple English interpretation and paired each text with an audio recording.
Effoduh has used social media to develop an FAQ with questions ranging from the most general (e.g., "what are human rights?") to the very specific (e.g., "my land containing minerals, oils, natural gas and the government wants to take it away; do they have a right to?"). The site has also already published a number of resources for those seeking legal services, and provides a contact form for those seeking legal advice.
We're back from the 2017 Legislative Data and Transparency Conference in Washington, DC, where technologists from the federal government and transparency organizations presented their latest open data work.
In the past year, several government websites have completed initiatives that make their data more accessible and more re-usable: from mobile-friendly redesigns from Congress.gov, Govinfo.gov and GPO.gov, to new repositories of bulk data for download, to initiatives that will support original drafting in formats suitable for publication. We were particularly excited to see LII's work on the Legislative Data Model being adopted in government information systems, as well as FDsys metadata in RDF.
I spoke on a panel about data integration, along with my co-panelist, GovTrack founder Josh Tauberer, and our moderator, GPO's Lisa LaPlant. Each of us is finding new ways to pick up a legal text, learn what we can about it, and connect it to other legal texts and, particularly in LII's case, real-world objects.
This presentation was the latest installment in the ongoing work we've been doing to aggregate different data sources and connect them to one another, thus helping people navigate from what they know to what they don't know and therefore making it easier for everyone to find and understand the law that affects them.
On May 12, LII engineers Sylvia Kwakye, Ph.D., and Nic Ceynowa hosted a presentation by the 14 Cornell University Masters of Engineering students they'd supervised this spring as they presented their project work on the Docket Wrench application to LII and Cornell Law Library staff.
LII adopted the Docket Wrench application from the Sunlight Foundation when it closed its software development operation last fall. Originally developed by software engineer Andrew Pendleton in 2012, Docket Wrench is designed to help users explore public participation in the rulemaking process. It supports exploration by rulemaking docket, agency, commenting company or organization, and the language of the comments themselves. It is a sprawling application with many moving parts, and when LII adopted it, it had not been running for two years.
On the infrastructure team, Mahak Garg served as project manager and, along with Mutahir Kazmi, focused on updating and supporting infrastructure for the application. They worked on updating the software and creating a portable version of the application for other teams to use for development.
The search team, Gaurav Keswani, Soorya Pillai, Ayswarya Ravichandran, Sheethal Shreedhara, and Vinayaka Suryanarayana, ensured that data made its way into, and could be correctly retrieved from, the search engine. This work included setting up and maintaining automated testing to ensure that the software would continue to function correctly after each enhancement was made.
Deekshith Belchappada, Monisha Chandrashekar, and Anusha Morappanavar, evaluated alternate techniques for computing document similarity, which enables users to find clusters of similar comments and see which language from a particular comment is unique. And Khaleel R prototyped the use of Apache Spark to detect and mark legal citations and legislation names from within the documents.
The good news is that after a semester of extremely hard work, "Team Docket" has Docket Wrench up and running again. But we need to ingest a great deal more data and test to make sure that the application can run once we've done so. This will take a while. As soon as the students have completed their final project submission, though, we'll be starting a private beta in which our collaborators can nominate dockets, explore the service, and propose features. Please join us!
A bit over a year ago, we released the first iteration of our new version of the eCFR , the Office of the Federal Register's unofficial compilation of the current text of the Code of Federal Regulations. At the time, we'd been using the text of the official print version of the CFR to generate our electronic version – it was based on GPO's authenticated copy of the text, but it was woefully out of date because titles are prepared for printing only once a year. During the past year, while retrofitting and improving features like indentation , cross references, and definitions , we maintained the print-CFR in parallel so that readers could, if they chose, refer to the outdated-but-based-on-official-print version.
This week we're discontinuing the print-CFR. The reason? Updates. As agencies engage in rulemaking activity, they amend, revise, add, and remove sections, subparts, parts, and appendices. During the past year, the Office of the Federal Register has published thousands of such changes to the eCFR. These changes will eventually make their way into the annual print edition of the CFR, but most of the time, the newest rules making the headlines are, at best, many months away from reaching print.
What's new? Well, among those thousands of changes were a number of places where agencies were adding rules reflecting new electronic workflows. And these additions provide us with an occasion for checking every facet of our own electronic workflows. When the Citizenship and Immigration Service added the Electronic Visa Update System, they collected the existing sections in Part 215 of Title 8 of the CFR into a new Subpart A and added sections 215.21-215.24 under the new Subpart B . So, after adding the new sections, the software had to refresh the table of contents for Part 215 and create the table of contents for 8 CFR Part 215 Subpart A.
What you'll see doesn't look a whole lot different from what's been there for the past year, but it will be a lot easier to find new CFR sections, the pages will load more quickly, and we will be able to release new CFR features more quickly.
On December 5th, LII engineers Nic Ceynowa and Sylvia Kwakye, Ph.D., looked on in pride as the Cornell University Masters of Engineering students they'd supervised presented a trio of fall projects to LII and Cornell Law Library staff.
Mutahir Kazmi and Shraddha Vartak pulled together, enhanced, and scaled a group of applications that link entities in the Code of Federal Regulations. Entity linking is a set of techniques that detect references to things in the world (such as people, places, animals, pharmaceuticals) and link them to data sources that provide more information about them. The team analyzed the entities and the corpus in order to determine which entities required disambiguation, distinguished entities to mark before and after defined-term markup, and used Apache Spark to speed the overall application by 60%.
Khaleel Khaleel, Pracheth Javali, Ria Mirchandani, and Yashaswini Papanna took on the task of adapting our CFR definition extraction and markup software to meet the unique requirements of the US Code. In addition to learning the hierarchical structure and identifier schemes within the US Code corpus, the project involved discovering and extracting definition patterns that had not before been identified; parsing multiple defined terms, word roots, and abbreviations from individual definitions; and correctly detecting the boundaries of the definitions.
Anusha Morappanavar, Deekshith Belchapadda, and Monisha Pavagada Chandrashekar built a prototype of the semantic search application using ElasticSearch and Flask. In addition to learning how to work with ElasticSearch, they had to learn the hierarchical structure of the US Code and CFR, understand how cross-references work within legal corpora, and make use of additional metadata such as the definitions and linked entities the other groups had been working on. Their work will support a search application that distinguishes matches in which the search term is defined, appears in the full text, or appears in a definition of a term that appears within the full text of a document.
We'll be rolling out the features supported by this semester's M.Eng. projects starting with entity linking in January.
This summer, at close to the very last minute, I set out for Cambridge, Massachusetts to pursue a peculiar quest for open access to law. Steering clear of the dragon on its pile of gold, I found some very interesting people in a library doing something in some ways parallel, and in many ways complementary, to what we do at LII.
At the Harvard Law School Library, there's a group called the Library Innovation Lab, which uses technology to improve preservation and public access to library materials, including digitizing large corpora of legal documents. It is a project which complements what we do at the LII, and I went there to develop some tools that would be of help to us both and to others.
The LIL summer fellowship program that made this possible brought together a group with wide-ranging interests, in both substantive areas, such as Neel Agrawal's website on the history of African drumming laws to Muira McCammon's research on the Guantanamo detainee library, to crowdsourced documentation and preservation projects such as Tiffany Tseng's Spin and Pix devices, Alexander Nwala's Local Memory and Ilya Kreymer's Webrecorder, to infrastructure projects such as Jay Edwards's Caselaw Access Project API.
My project involved work on a data model to help developers make connections between siloed collections of text and metadata — which will hopefully help future developers to automate the process of connecting concepts in online legal corpora (both that at the LIL and ours at LII) to enriching data and context from multiple different sources.
The work involved exploring a somewhat larger-than-usual number of ontologies, structured vocabularies, and topic models. Each, in turn, came with one or more sets of subjects. Some (like Eurovoc and the topic models) came with sizable amounts of machine-readable text; others (like Linked Data For Libraries) came with very little machine-accessible text. As my understanding of the manageable as well as the insurmountable challenges associated with each one increased, I developed a far greater appreciation for the intuition that had led me to the project all along: there is a lot of useful information locked in these resources; each has a role to play.
Returning to home to LII, I'm grateful to have the rejuvenating energy that arises from talking to new people, observing how other high-performing groups do their work, and having had the dedicated time to bring a complicated idea to fruition. All in all, it was a marvelous summer with marvelous people. But they did keep looking at me as if to ask why I'd brought along thirteen dwarfs, and how I managed to vanish any time I put that gold ring on my finger.
I just got back from the 2016 CALI conference at the Georgia State University College of Law in Atlanta, Georgia. This report of my time there is by no means an exhaustive or even chronological record of the conference. It's more of a highlight reel.
This was my second time attending and it still holds the title as my favorite conference. The food was great, the talks were excellent and there was a lot of time between sessions to have interesting conversations with many of the diverse and smart attendees who came from all over North America. Kudos to the organizers.
The conference officially started on Thursday, June 16th, when Indiana Jones, aka John Mayer, executive director of CALI, found the golden plaque of CALI after a harrowing traversal of the conference room, dodging obstacles. He gave a brief but warm welcome address and introduced the keynote speaker, Hugh McGuire, founder of PressBooks and LibriVox.org. With anecdotes from his biography, Mr Mcguire encouraged us to be proactive in solving big problems.
We had another keynote speaker on Friday, Michael Feldstein of Mindwires Consulting and co-producer of e-Literate TV.
He confessed to being something of a provocateur and succeeded in raising a few hackles when he asked, "Do law schools exist?" among other questions.
He then challenged us to do better at teaching students with different learning styles and skill-sets.
My two favorite presentations out of many excellent sessions were "The WeCite Project" by Pablo Arredondo from Casetext and "So you've digitized U.S. caselaw, now what?" by Adam Ziegler and Jack Cushman from the Harvard Library Innovation Lab.
Pablo described teaching students to be their own legal shepherds by gamifying the creation and categorization of citator entries. The result of this effort is a database of every outgoing citation from the last 20 years of Supreme Court majority opinions and federal appellate courts, unambiguously labelled either as a positive, referencing, distinguishing, or negative citation. This data will be hosted by us (LII) and made freely available without restriction. In addition to the valuable data, he also shared how to engage students, librarians and research instructors as partners in the free law movement.
After a brief presentation of some of the ways they are beginning to use data from all the digitized case laws, Adam and Jack invited us to imagine what we could do with data. I can see possibilities for topic modeling, discovery of multi-faceted relationships between cases, and mapping of changes in contract conditions, etc. Many more features, tools and use cases were suggested by the other attendees. We welcome you to send us your personal wish list for features to make this information useful to you.
I also participated in a panel discussion on software management of large digital archives, moderated by Wilhelmina Randtke (Florida Academic Library Services Cooperative), along with Jack Cushman and Wei Fang (Assistant Dean for Information Technology and Head of Digital Services, Rutgers Law Library).
There was so much interest in the Oyez Project moving to the LII, that Craig's presentation on LII's use of web analytics, was replaced by a discussion hosted by Craig and Tim Stanley (Justia) on the transition. The rather lively discussion was made all the more entertaining by an impromptu costume change by Craig. The prevailing sentiment after the discussion was that the Oyez Project was in the best possible hands and 'safe'.
An unexpected bonus were the number of LII users who made it a point to complement the LII and express how useful they find our services. One particularly enthusiastic fan was DeAnna Swearington, Director of Operations at Quimbee.com (Learning tools for law students). I also met Wilson Tsu, CEO of LearnLeo and a Cornell alum, who had fond memories of when the LII first started. There were also several former law students who told me how invaluable the LII collections had been to them in school and continues to be in their current occupations.
All in all, a successful and enlightening conference. A big thank you to the organizers. They did an excellent job. I am already looking forward to next year!
In 2009, the US House of Representatives agreed to a resolution designating March 14 as "Pi Day".
So I thought I'd see whether I could rustle up a nice example of pi in the Code of Federal Regulations. I did manage to find the π I was looking for, but it turns out that pi also gives us some examples of why we need to disambiguate.
A mailing address in the Philippine Islands.
So the story of "pi" in the CFR is a story of disambiguation. When we read (or our software parses) the original text of a particular regulation, it's reasonably straightforward to tell which of the many "pi"s it's discussing. We have capitalization, punctuation, formatting, and structural and contextual clues. Once the search engines work their case-folding, acronym normalization, and other magic, we end up with an awful lot of "pi"s and very little context.
Postscript. The real pi was a bit of a letdown: "P = pi (3.14)" – well, close enough.
One of our ongoing projects here at LII is to include definitions in our electronic texts. We've had them in the UCC since the mid-1990's; we put them in the CFR in its earlier version a few years ago. Now, as part of the process of rolling out the eCFR and migrating all our old features to it, we're working on adding definitions to it as well. And just to make life more complicated, we decided at the same time to ask a team of intrepid M.Eng. students (more about them in a subsequent post) to work on the next generation of enhancements to the feature.
Adding definitions to text is a tricky process, so we're going to milk it for several blog posts take a deliberate approach to spelling out how this works. For starters, let's look today at why this is a difficult task — why it was hard before, and why it's hard now.
What we aim for is simple: we want every section of the CFR to have all the key legal terms highlighted. Users could click on each defined term, and they would see how the CFR itself defines those terms. (As you probably know, regulators are famous for defining terms in what we might generously call idiosyncratic ways.) But since the CFR is about a gazillion pages long, there's no way we can go through and do all those by hand. It needed to be automated.
Which instantly plunged us into the icy waters of natural language processing (or sort-of-natural language processing, a similar if somewhat understudied field).
Definitions in the CFR are not always conveniently labeled; they do not always say something like "we define the term "brontosaurus" to mean "a small plunger to be used on miniature toilets". They are tricky to pick out — perhaps not tricky for a human reader (although they can be that, too) but certainly tricky for a Turing Machine, even one with its best tuxedo on and its shoes shined.
"Inspected and passed" or "U.S. Inspected and Passed" or "U.S. Inspected and Passed by Department of Agriculture" (or any authorized abbreviation thereof). This term means that the product so identified has been inspected and passed under the regulations in this subchapter, and at the time it was inspected, passed, and identified, it was found to be not adulterated.
We need Tuxedoed Turing to figure out that the three terms in quotations are all equivalent, and all have the same definition. We need it to figure out if an "authorized abbreviation" is being used. We need it to figure out which subchapter this applies to, and not accidentally apply it too narrowly or too widely. And so forth.
And we need it to figure out all sorts of similar problems that other definitions might have: what term precisely is being defined, which words are the definition, what text the definition applies to.
And we made a lot of strides in that direction. The definitions ain't perfect, but they're there, in the CFR. Yay, us!
Except, uh, then we had to start all over again. For the eCFR. This time, with shiny new bumpers and a fresh paint job.
Tune in next week for the next part of the story.
It will not have escaped the attention of our regular readers — both of them, as the old joke goes — that things have been quiet around here under the hood. It's not that we haven't been working; it's that we've been too deep in elbow grease to type it up for you. We tried, but the third computer we ruined with dripping engine fluids caused a bit of a ruckus. So it's been quiet.
But we just went at our hands with a brillo pad and fire hose, so we think it's safe for the moment. And it's New Year's Eve, time for resolutions. So we are going to redouble our efforts to give the world a peek at what we're doing, and what you've missed while we've been distracted by that dang fuel carburetor.
As a preview, and a public resolution to which we can point when our boss asks why we're despoiling yet another keyboard, here are some of the things we're going to be telling you about in the coming weeks.
And that's not all. For we remain hard at work, and new things are constantly in the works, and we'll tell you about those as well. So watch this space!
But, uh, those are nice pants. You might want to slip on these coveralls first.


text:
The Sharer
Artist Tanel Veenre shows students from Tainan University of Art in Taiwan who's who in contemporary jewelry using the Body Alchemy exhibition catalog as a reference. Many of the artists in the show were present at the reception, where this photo was taken. Tanel had met these girls—super sharp and clued in to the European scene—earlier in the year during a one-week workshop about mythology, metaphors, and personal landscapes, which he conducted in Taiwan. Tanel describes the school as a really special place, almost monastery-like, secluded in the mountains. He found the students to be more dedicated and profound than he was used to. The intimate location created a certain kind of sincerity about making art that one does not find all too often. The students had given him a local name, and by the end they even shared tears. He says it was his favorite workshop that he has led.
A similar kind of sincerity toward jewelry could also be sensed in Hangzhou. A rare kind of excitement was circulating in the air on the day of the opening; public attendance was impressive and the flow steady. The opening ceremony, with a speech from the president of the College of Crafts, was buzzing with press. And the exhibition rooms were crowded with enthusiastic students queuing to see the jewelry close up. This much European contemporary jewelry has probably not been seen before in such massive doses here, and witnessing the attentiveness of the audience was really something to behold.
One of A Kind: American Art Jewelry Today
Heirlooms: Navigating the Personal in Contemporary Jewelry
Lynn Batchelder
Eija Mustonen