text:
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Please contact student representative Kameron Sanzo for any queries regarding student events.
Stina Attebery is a PhD candidate in English whose research focuses on science and technology studies, Indigenous studies, ecocriticism, and digital humanities. Her dissertation project, "Refusing Extinction: Biopolitics, Indigenous Sciences, and Posthuman Ecologies," considers representations of extinction and climate change in Indigenous futurism. She has published articles in the journals Humanimalia, Extrapolation, and Medical Humanities. She currently serves as a managing editor for the Eaton Journal of Archival Research in Science Fiction and as an editorial assistant for SAIL: Studies in American Indian Literatures. In addition, she was a Sawyer Fellow for the 2015-16 seminar on Alternative Futurisms and serves as a co-coordinator for the STS Methods/Visiting Scholars Committee at UCR.
Miranda Butler is a PhD student in English who researches nineteenth-century scientific discourse, especially evolutionary biology, as it relates to Victorian visual cultures, media technologies, and nineteenth-century fiction. Her M.A. work on carte-de-visite photography won the Victorian Interdisciplinary Association of the Western United States' best graduate student paper award, and her current project considers the relationship between nineteenth-century Morse code, phonographic shorthand, and biological/linguistic typology. Miranda also traces Victorian threads into contemporary science fiction film, television, and new media spheres; she has worked as a research assistant for the Eaton Collection's fanzine project, and is a science fiction novelist and many-time winner of National Novel Writing Month.
Lisa Jaloza Brown researches the increased fetishization of print and the theoretical as well as pedagogical implications as print and digital culture converge. Having previously drawn on the work of Gérard Genette to examine the ways in which a reader's interpretation of a given work's peritexts is affected dependent upon the specific medium through which the work is encountered (print, audiobook, e-book, etc)., as well as the potential benefits to be derived from these media in a classroom setting, she plans to extend that line of inquiry beyond the functional shifts of peritexts to the derivation of textual meaning overall. While print is likely to remain the dominant form through which we engage in the study of literature, she hopes to challenge the hegemony of print and explore the marginalized position currently occupied by digital content despite its arguably more egalitarian avenues of access.
Jeshua Enriquez is a PhD student in English whose research includes 20th century and contemporary American science fiction. His interests include dystopian fiction, intersections of science fiction and countercultural literature, representations of social technology in science fiction, and conceptions of Modernity and Postmodernity. His master's thesis examined the role of "cultural schizophrenia," simulation, and mass media messaging in the 1960s novels of Philip K. Dick.
Leslie Fernandez is PhD student in the Department of English.
Graham Hall is a PhD student in the English department at UCR. His research interests include deconstruction, Deleuze, affect, interiority, space, dwelling, drugs, subjectivity, and thought (among other things). He enjoys being outside: his hobbies include hiking/backpacking, scrambling, climbing, and (most recently) skydiving.
Kyle Harp-Rushing is a PhD candidate in Anthropology with an emphasis in cultural and medical anthropology. He is interested in the co-productive relationships between emergent digital communication infrastructures and the technopolitics of "replicability crises" in the context of multiple Open Science movements. His ethnographic fieldwork with both non-profit and for-profit Open Science advocates, developers and networks (mainly in the US), as well as with experimental lab scientists, engages the contingent technocultural contexts of experimental encounters (at once richly virtual and real, unpredictable and constructed, more-than-human, ephemeral, embodied, haptic and tangible) to historicize and shed light on the participatory politics, ideologies, imaginaries, anxieties and (un)intended consequences of Open Science.
Sean Matharoo is a Ph.D. student in Comparative Literature, where he studies francophone and anglophone speculative media, postcolonial theory, ecological philosophy, memory studies and trauma theory, Deleuze, Derrida, speculative realism, new materialism, film theory, sound studies, and media archaeology. He has a forthcoming article in a special issue of Horror Studies devoted to sonic horror. He has published book reviews in Science Fiction Studies and the Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, and has a forthcoming book review in Science Fiction Film and Television. He has encyclopedia entries in the forthcoming Horror Literature through History: An Encyclopedia of the Stories that Speak to Our Deepest Fears.He has published an interview with Erik Davis in The Los Angeles Review of Books, and has a forthcoming interview with Craig Baldwin in the Eaton Journal of Archival Research in Science Fiction. He has presented his work at the International Conference for the Fantastic in the Arts and at the Society for Literature, Science and the Arts. He is also working on a remix project involving audiovisual diagrams, dead media technologies, drone, and noise.
Walter Merryman is a Ph.D student in Comparative Literature, primarily working on 19th century English Literature and German Philosophy, particularly Nietzsche, and biopolitics. His interest in science fiction is in the way it explores various constructions of personhood, be they via embodiment, consciousness, or philosophy of mind. He is working on a dissertation proposal exploring how texts create particular social and political roles for persons through technology.
Bret Noble is a PhD candidate in the Department of Hispanic Studies and researches 20th and 21st century Mexican literature and film, particularly science fiction. He is currently researching the adoption and adaptation of postapocalyptic and dystopian literary themes by Mexican authors to theorize the Mexican state and reflect the social effects of the transition from national-populism to neoliberalism in Mexico.
Brittany Roberts is a Ph.D. candidate in Comparative Literature, where she studies Russian and Anglophone horror, science fiction, and weird fiction. Her dissertation engages the complex relationships among humans, animals, and the environment as depicted in Cold War and post-Cold War-era Russian and Anglophone horror literature and cinema. She is particularly interested in the human/non-human binary and the ways in which notions of ontological difference are both challenged and reinscribed by dark speculative fictions of the 20th century. She has presented her work at the International Conference on the Fantastic in the Arts, the Science Fiction Research Association, the Society for Literature, Science, and the Arts, and the Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies. Her encyclopedia entries and book reviews have appeared in Science Fiction Studies, Science Fiction Film and Television, Journal for the Fantastic in the Arts, and Horror Literature through History: An Encyclopedia of the Stories That Speak to Our Deepest Fears.
Kameron Sanzo is a PhD student in English who focuses on science studies, particularly examinations of scientific discourse as a cultural authority. She considers science fiction literature and questions of posthumanism in order to grapple with the possibilities and limits of science in describing our social condition and ontology. She is also interested in questions of matter, structure, and material as they relate to affect and the way that we feel about ourselves, our societies, and the techno-cultural ecologies in which we are implicated.
Sang-Keun Yoo is a PhD student in the Department of English whose research focuses on intersections between postcolonialism and posthumanism as evidenced in contemporary science fiction. As a Fulbright scholar from South Korea, his current research examines decolonizing posthuman and poststructural discourses by focusing science studies, neocolonial biopolitics, Buddhist philosophy and Asian interdependent identity. He got a BA in English and Philosophy at Seoul National University, graduating cum laude. A chapter of his Masters dissertation was published in American Studies produced by the American Studies Institute at Seoul National University. He writes non-fiction and fictional works in Korean; his non-fiction book, focusing on the Korean education system, was published in Seoul and his fiction has been published in Chungsan Literature. He currently serves as vice-president of the Graduate Students of English Association. He also worked as a research assistant for various international conferences with the American Studies Association of Korea and the American Studies Institute of Seoul National University.
Ezekial Crago is a PhD student in English. His research is framed by his fascination with those writers and artists considered mavericks by both their contemporaries and posterity. His master's thesis on the work of Orson Welles sought to respond to a sense that Welles' work is largely misunderstood, underrepresented, and maligned. His dissertation focuses on the reconstruction of masculinity in late 20th century sf film, and he is also I interested in the social effects of ideology/mythology or dominant social narratives and the writers who work to interrogate and challenge the hypnotizing power of language and narrative.
Taylor Evans is a PhD candidate in English. His research interests include American Literature (19th and 20th century), science fiction, science and technology studies, black studies, and performance studies. His dissertation examines the way that American technoculture theorizes race, looking to archival, popular, and canonical sources to argue that race and technology were parallel developments in the US. Current work includes chapters on racialized figures (Steam Men and servants) in proto-science fiction boys' stories and dime novels, the early emergence of post-race ideology in pulp and paperback sf, and the development of a fugitive science fiction that contests the racialized legacy of American technoculture. His article "The Technology of Race: White Supremacy and Scientificition," forthcoming from the Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, examines the trope of technologized passing in early pulp SF and George Schuyler's novel Black No More, and he has a chapter entitled "Of Race and Robots" forthcoming in Critical Insights: Isaac Asimov. He also serves as an editor for the Eaton Journal of Archival Research in Science Fiction, and has reviews in or forthcoming from Science Fiction Studies, The Journal of Science Fiction Film and Television, Extrapolation, NYRSF, and American Literature.
Jaymee Goh Sook Yi graduated from Comparative Literature, focusing on critical race theory, postcolonialism, and science-fiction aesthetics. Her dissertation is an analysis of steampunk iconography, the affects they generate, and their reproduction in literary and performative cultural production, from the perspective of critical race theory. Jaymee has written for Tor.com and Jeff Vandermeer's Estatic Days, and been published in Steampunk III: Steampunk Revolution, The WisCon Chronicles, and Science Fiction Studies. A member of the Carl Brandon Society for diversity in SF/F, she has published short fiction and poetry in various venues such as Lightspeed Magazine, Strange Horizons, and Stone Telling. Her latest anthology, The Sea Is Ours: Tales of Steampunk Southeast Asia, co-edited with Singaporean writer Joyce Chng, was released in late 2015.
Jeff Hicks, The Dystopian Cityscape in Postmodern Literature and Film. Completed 2014.
Jeff Hicks is currently assistant professor at LA City College. His areas of research include science fiction and fantasy, dystopian literature, and cult film. He has published reviews in Science Fiction Studies and Science Fiction Film and Television and is the co-author of the Oxford Online Bibliographies entry for the film Blade Runner and of the chapter on "Urban Dystopias" in The Cambridge Companion to the City in Literature. A section of his dissertation on urban dystopias was published in the anthology Marxism and Urban Culture.
Richard Hunt graduated from English. His current research areas include 20th century US literature, science fiction, cultural studies, ethnic rhetorics, and traditions of African American and Afro-diasporic musics as social and philosophic discourse. His work in sf focuses on articulations among technology, representations of subjectivity, and concepts of listening and communication, with research into the New Wave as well as the work of Octavia E. Butler, China Miéville, and musician and performer Janelle Monae.
Jennifer Kavetsky, The (Manufactured) Human in U.S. Science Fiction, 1938-1950. Completed 2015.
Jennifer Kavetsky is currently the Writing Support Program Coordinator at UCR. Her ongoing research focuses on 20th century American and British speculative fiction, with a particular focus on gender.
Alan Lovegreen, Aerofuturism: Vectors of Modernity in Nineteenth- and Twentieth Century Literature and Culture. Completed 2015.
Alan Lovegreen is currently Instructor at Orange Coast College. His research covers intersections of literature and technoculture in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, with a focus on aerofuturism in discourses of race, posthumanism, the built environment, and ecological futures. Alan has published in The Eaton Journal of Archival Research in Science Fiction, Science Fiction Studies, La Torre di Babele: Rivista di letteratura e linguistica ,Criticism: A Quarterly for Literature and the Arts, and Paradoxa.
M. Irene Morrison graduated from English. Her academic interests are primarily in the field of utopian studies, specifically utopian literature and real-world utopian ideologies. She seeks to understand how and why the Western concept of utopia is coterminous with colonialism, and the roles that science and technology (also coterminous with colonial expansion) play in utopian ideology. If utopia is a literature of colonialism, can postcolonial theory be used to both challenge and re-envision utopia? One key to this re-envisioning must be an examination of the science and technology used both in the service of colonial expansion and in utopian literature. Writers and film-makers such as Larissa Sansour (Palestinian), Nanobah Becker (Diné/Navajo), and Nalo Hopkinson (Afro-Caribbean) challenge the mainstream science fictional tradition of uncritically deploying technology to laud the rhetoric of Western technological progress.
This work has evolved from her Masters' thesis on Ursula K. Le Guin's feminist science fiction novel, The Dispossessed. Using feminist and anarchist theorists including Maria Mies, Vandana Shiva, and Noam Chomsky, it explored the political theory behind the anarchist planet Annares, as well as the allegorical significance of the Earth-like twin planet, Urras. Anarres is an "ambiguous utopia," and provides a wealth of ideas and challenges to traditional anarchist theory, while marrying feminist and environmentalist concepts with anarchist ones in provocative ways.
Josh Pearson is a PhD candidate in English. His dissertation "Managing Power: Financialization and Gendered Heroism in Late Capitalist Popular Culture" investigates how finance capitalism and the rise of neoliberalism shapes representation of racialized gender norms in science fiction and fantasy texts. Josh's article "Seeing the Present, Grasping the Future: Articulating a 'Financial' Vision in Capitalist Realism" was published in Paradoxa, and his reviews have appeared in Science Fiction Studies, Science Fiction Film and Television, and The Journal of Fantastic in the Arts. He is a founding editor of The Eaton Journal of Archival Research in Science Fiction.
Lorenzo Servitje graduated from English at the University of California at Riverside His work examines the mutual constitution of literature and medicine in the Victorian era, in addition to representation of medical discourse in popular culture. His articles have appeared in Literature and Medicine, Journal of Medical Humanities, Critical Survey, and Science Fiction Studies. He has co-edited two collections, The Walking Med: Zombies and the Medical Image (Pennsylvania State Press, 2016) and Endemic: Essays in Contagion Theory (Palgrave, 2016).
Alexander Shafer graduated from Hispanic Studies. His research focuses on Latin American literature, cultural studies, and queer theory. He is currently writing his dissertation on the intersection of race, gender, and sexuality in Mexican and Argentine science fiction. He has presented his research on Latin American SF at various conferences, including the Ometeca Conference for Science and Literature and the Eaton Science Fiction Conference.
Jerome Winter, Nostalgia for Infinity: New Space Opera and Neoliberal Globalism, Completed 2015.
Jerome Winter is currently a full-time lecturer in composition at UCR. His latest research involves ecocriticism and recent speculative fiction from Afrodiasporic women writers. His book, Science Fiction, New Space Opera, and Neoliberal Globalism (2016), was published by the University of Wales Press as part of their New Dimensions in Science Fiction series. His scholarship generally focuses on the intersection of globalization and contemporary speculative fiction, and he has served as editor of Speculative Fiction for the Los Angeles Review of Books and contributed a chapter on SF art and illustration to the Oxford Handbook of Science Fiction (2014). He has published articles, interviews, and reviews in Extrapolation, Journal of Fantastic and the Arts, the Los Angeles Review of Books, SFRA, and Science Fiction Studies.
Mark Young, Sonic Retro-Futures: Musical Nostalgia as Revolution in Post-1960s American Literature, Film, and Technoculture. Completed 2015.
Mark Young teaches at the University of California, San Diego, where he serves as the Assistant Director of the Warren College Writing Program. He specializes in sound studies, digital media, science fiction, and American literature. His work has been published in Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction, Science Fiction Studies, Science Fiction Film and Television, Extrapolation, the Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, the SFRA Review, and the Los Angeles Review of Books.
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text:
.class public Landroid/content/pm/ServiceInfo;
.super Landroid/content/pm/ComponentInfo;
.source "ServiceInfo.java"

# interfaces
.implements Landroid/os/Parcelable;

# static fields
.field public static final CREATOR:Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator; = null
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Signature;
        value = {
            "Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator",
            "<",
            "Landroid/content/pm/ServiceInfo;",
            ">;"
        }
    .end annotation
.end field

.field public static final FLAG_STOP_WITH_TASK:I = 0x1

# instance fields
.field public flags:I

.field public permission:Ljava/lang/String;

# direct methods
.method static constructor <clinit>()V
    .locals 1

    .prologue
    .line 83
    new-instance v0, Landroid/content/pm/ServiceInfo$1;

    invoke-direct {v0}, Landroid/content/pm/ServiceInfo$1;-><init>()V

    sput-object v0, Landroid/content/pm/ServiceInfo;->CREATOR:Landroid/os/Parcelable$Creator;

    return-void
.end method

.method public constructor <init>()V
    .locals 0

    .prologue
    .line 52
    invoke-direct {p0}, Landroid/content/pm/ComponentInfo;-><init>()V

    .line 53
    return-void
.end method

.method public constructor <init>(Landroid/content/pm/ServiceInfo;)V
    .locals 1
    .parameter "orig"

    .prologue
    .line 56
    invoke-direct {p0, p1}, Landroid/content/pm/ComponentInfo;-><init>(Landroid/content/pm/ComponentInfo;)V

    .line 57
    iget-object v0, p1, Landroid/content/pm/ServiceInfo;->permission:Ljava/lang/String;

    iput-object v0, p0, Landroid/content/pm/ServiceInfo;->permission:Ljava/lang/String;

    .line 58
    iget v0, p1, Landroid/content/pm/ServiceInfo;->flags:I

    iput v0, p0, Landroid/content/pm/ServiceInfo;->flags:I

    .line 59
    return-void
.end method

.method private constructor <init>(Landroid/os/Parcel;)V
    .locals 1
    .parameter "source"

    .prologue
    .line 94
    invoke-direct {p0, p1}, Landroid/content/pm/ComponentInfo;-><init>(Landroid/os/Parcel;)V

    .line 95
    invoke-virtual {p1}, Landroid/os/Parcel;->readString()Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v0

    iput-object v0, p0, Landroid/content/pm/ServiceInfo;->permission:Ljava/lang/String;

    .line 96
    invoke-virtual {p1}, Landroid/os/Parcel;->readInt()I

    move-result v0

    iput v0, p0, Landroid/content/pm/ServiceInfo;->flags:I

    .line 97
    return-void
.end method

.method synthetic constructor <init>(Landroid/os/Parcel;Landroid/content/pm/ServiceInfo$1;)V
    .locals 0
    .parameter "x0"
    .parameter "x1"

    .prologue
    .line 28
    invoke-direct {p0, p1}, Landroid/content/pm/ServiceInfo;-><init>(Landroid/os/Parcel;)V

    return-void
.end method

# virtual methods
.method public describeContents()I
    .locals 1

    .prologue
    .line 74
    const/4 v0, 0x0

    return v0
.end method

.method public dump(Landroid/util/Printer;Ljava/lang/String;)V
    .locals 2
    .parameter "pw"
    .parameter "prefix"

    .prologue
    .line 62
    invoke-super {p0, p1, p2}, Landroid/content/pm/ComponentInfo;->dumpFront(Landroid/util/Printer;Ljava/lang/String;)V

    .line 63
    new-instance v0, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    invoke-direct {v0}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;-><init>()V

    invoke-virtual {v0, p2}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    move-result-object v0

    const-string/jumbo v1, "permission="

    invoke-virtual {v0, v1}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    move-result-object v0

    iget-object v1, p0, Landroid/content/pm/ServiceInfo;->permission:Ljava/lang/String;

    invoke-virtual {v0, v1}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    move-result-object v0

    invoke-virtual {v0}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->toString()Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v0

    invoke-interface {p1, v0}, Landroid/util/Printer;->println(Ljava/lang/String;)V

    .line 64
    new-instance v0, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    invoke-direct {v0}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;-><init>()V

    invoke-virtual {v0, p2}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    move-result-object v0

    const-string v1, "flags=0x"

    invoke-virtual {v0, v1}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    move-result-object v0

    iget v1, p0, Landroid/content/pm/ServiceInfo;->flags:I

    invoke-static {v1}, Ljava/lang/Integer;->toHexString(I)Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v1

    invoke-virtual {v0, v1}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    move-result-object v0

    invoke-virtual {v0}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->toString()Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v0

    invoke-interface {p1, v0}, Landroid/util/Printer;->println(Ljava/lang/String;)V

    .line 65
    return-void
.end method

.method public toString()Ljava/lang/String;
    .locals 2

    .prologue
    .line 68
    new-instance v0, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    invoke-direct {v0}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;-><init>()V

    const-string v1, "ServiceInfo{"

    invoke-virtual {v0, v1}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    move-result-object v0

    invoke-static {p0}, Ljava/lang/System;->identityHashCode(Ljava/lang/Object;)I

    move-result v1

    invoke-static {v1}, Ljava/lang/Integer;->toHexString(I)Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v1

    invoke-virtual {v0, v1}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    move-result-object v0

    const-string v1, " "

    invoke-virtual {v0, v1}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    move-result-object v0

    iget-object v1, p0, Landroid/content/pm/PackageItemInfo;->name:Ljava/lang/String;

    invoke-virtual {v0, v1}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    move-result-object v0

    const-string/jumbo v1, "}"

    invoke-virtual {v0, v1}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    move-result-object v0

    invoke-virtual {v0}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->toString()Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v0

    return-object v0
.end method

.method public writeToParcel(Landroid/os/Parcel;I)V
    .locals 1
    .parameter "dest"
    .parameter "parcelableFlags"

    .prologue
    .line 78
    invoke-super {p0, p1, p2}, Landroid/content/pm/ComponentInfo;->writeToParcel(Landroid/os/Parcel;I)V

    .line 79
    iget-object v0, p0, Landroid/content/pm/ServiceInfo;->permission:Ljava/lang/String;

    invoke-virtual {p1, v0}, Landroid/os/Parcel;->writeString(Ljava/lang/String;)V

    .line 80
    iget v0, p0, Landroid/content/pm/ServiceInfo;->flags:I

    invoke-virtual {p1, v0}, Landroid/os/Parcel;->writeInt(I)V

    .line 81
    return-void
.end method

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The item Some seasonable observations and remarks upon the state of our controversy with Great Britain : and on the proceedings of the Continental Congress: : whereby many interesting facts are related, and methods proposed for our safety and an accomodation., By a moderate Whig, (microform) represents a specific, individual, material embodiment of a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in Cleveland Public Library.
Some seasonable observations and remarks upon the state of our controversy with Great Britain : and on the proceedings of the Continental Congress: : whereby many interesting facts are related, and methods proposed for our safety and an accomodation.
and on the proceedings of the Continental Congress: : whereby many interesting facts are related, and methods proposed for our safety and an accomodation.


June 18, 2014 .Reading time 7 minutes.
May 11, 2014 .Reading time 13 minutes.
May 4, 2014 .Reading time 7 minutes.
April 6, 2014 .Reading time 7 minutes.
February 2, 2014 .Reading time 7 minutes.
January 26, 2014 .Reading time 14 minutes.
January 13, 2014 .Reading time 3 minutes.


text:
Urdu and secular nationalism in early 20th century
by Salman Hameed
Here is a fascinating book by Kavita Datla that looks at the interaction of Urdu with Indian nationalism and secularism: The Language of Secular Islam: Urdu Nationalism and Colonial India. In particular, the book focuses on Osmania University in the state of Hyderabad and the discussions over how to translate various subjects into Urdu and on the relative emphasis on Persian, Arabic, or Hindi. These decisions were intertwined with the way the role of Urdu was being imagined in Hyderabad and beyond. Modern science, of course, features in these discussions of translations as well. Kavita is actually is right here in the 5-College area (at Mount Holyoke College) but I haven't had a chance to talk to her in detail about her research.
If you have 50 minutes, you should check out this excellent discussion with her on New Books in Religion podcast. Also, here is an excerpt from a review of the book from The Hindu:
The possibility of Urdu being a secular language that could unite India's
diverse communities may come as a surprise to many because of the mistaken belief that it is a "Muslim language." But an attempt to forge a "common secular future" for Indian citizens through Urdu was indeed made in the 19th century in the princely state of Hyderabad.
Kavita Saraswathi Datla's brilliantly researched The Language of Secular Islam takes us through the twists and turns of this amazing venture which led to the establishment (in 1918) of India's first vernacular (Urdu) institution of higher education, Osmania University, to challenge the imposition of English by the British. The desire was, says Datla, to create a systemised and uniform vernacular that would rival English as a language of business, science, and learned conversation and ultimately "democratise the effects of Western education."
To dispel the notion that Urdu is a Muslim language, Datla writes that as far back as the 1830s, Urdu replaced Persian as the official language of administration over a large swathe of British territory, including Bihar, the North-West Provinces, parts of the Central Provinces, Punjab, and the princely states of Kashmir and Hyderabad. This official language policy continued beyond 1900 (when Hindi was added to Urdu in some territories) till Partition. Muslim advocates of Urdu never used it to articulate identitarian claims and saw the language as a product of Hindu-Muslim interaction. Their main concern was securing a secular national culture for India through a language that they believed was a product of Hindu-Muslim interaction.
As further proof, Datla quotes from Shamsur Rahman Faruqi's Early Urdu Literary Culture and History to assert that Urdu served as the tool to knit together a diverse set of Mughal functionaries which included both Hindus and Muslims. According to Faruqi, the word Urdu came about from the phrase zaban-e-urdu-e-mu'alla-e-shajahanabad (the language of the exalted City/Court of Shajahanabad, that is, Delhi) which soon got shortened to zaban-e-urdu-e-mu'alla, then to zaban-e-urdu and finally to Urdu. Before that it was called Hindvi, Hindi, Dihlavi, Gujri, Dakani and Rekhta.
There was of course tension in the way Urdu was being imagined (and that tension still persists in Pakistan today). But here is a case that lays out at least one prominent position from Osmania:
Datla cites an interesting encounter between Gandhi and Maulvi Abdul Haq, who headed the famous literary organisation "Anjuman-e-Tarraqi-e-Urdu", to show why Indian nationalism of the early 20th century needs to be re-evaluated. Abdul Haq was upset with Gandhi for favouring Hindi over Hindustani (in the 1936 Nagpur meeting of the Akhil Bharatiya Sahitya Parishad). Gandhi told him: "Muslims can hold on to Urdu. It is a language of religious value for them. It is written in the script of the Quran. It was propagated by Muslim Kings."
Although Gandhi later expressed regret for these comments, the Maulvi was annoyed that a person of Gandhi's stature should speak of Urdu in such terms. Datla describes this feeling of the famed educator of the Osmania University as "the experience of being minoritised", and makes the important observation that we need to see such political disagreements "not as the result of the competition between communal and secular agendas but as the product of different and competing secular agendas."
Datla is right. For Osmania University was neither a communal nor theological project despite the fact that it did have a faculty of Theology. According to statistics provided by Datla, by 1935 there were 1,806 students in the Osmania system: 771 in arts, 731 in sciences, 102 in medicine, 97 in law, 47 in engineering, 26 in education and only 32 in theology. In other words, theology was not a popular course a fact that indicates Muslim eagerness to be part of the secular mainstream.
Read the full article here, listen to the podcast interview with Kavita Datla here, and you can get the book here. And below is the description of the book from the University of Hawaii Press:
During the turbulent period prior to colonial India's partition and independence, Muslim intellectuals in Hyderabad sought to secularize and reformulate their linguistic, historical, religious, and literary traditions for the sake of a newly conceived national public. Responding to the model of secular education introduced to South Asia by the British, Indian academics launched a spirited debate about the reform of Islamic education, the importance of education in the spoken languages of the country, the shape of Urdu and its past, and the significance of the histories of Islam and India for their present.
The Language of Secular Islam pursues an alternative account of the political disagreements between Hindus and Muslims in South Asia, conflicts too often described as the product of primordial and unchanging attachments to religion. The author suggests that the political struggles of India in the 1930s, the very decade in which the demand for Pakistan began to be articulated, should not be understood as the product of an inadequate or incomplete secularism, but as the clashing of competing secular agendas. Her work explores negotiations over language, education, and religion at Osmania University, the first university in India to use a modern Indian language (Urdu) as its medium of instruction, and sheds light on questions of colonial displacement and national belonging.
Grounded in close attention to historical evidence, The Language of Secular Islam has broad ramifications for some of the most difficult issues currently debated in the humanities and social sciences: the significance and legacies of European colonialism, the inclusions and exclusions enacted by nationalist projects, the place of minorities in the forging of nationalism, and the relationship between religion and modern politics. It will be of interest to historians of colonial India, scholars of Islam, and anyone who follows the politics of Urdu.
Posted in history, Pakistan, science and religion books on Saturday, June 06, 2015 by Salman Hameed | Leave a comment Edit
What is Irtiqa?
Irtiqa is Salman Hameed's blog. A few years ago (before Facebook killed many of the blogs), it used to track stories of science & religion, especially those related to Muslim societies. That is still one of its foci, but now it dovetails more of Salman's interests including film, astronomy, science fiction, and science outreach in both Pakistan and the US.
Irtiqa literally means evolution in Urdu. But it does not imply only biological evolution. Instead, it is an all encompassing word used for evolution of the universe, biological evolution, and also for biological/human development. While it has created confusion in debates over biological evolution in South Asia, it provides a nice integrative name for this blog. For further information, contact Salman Hameed.
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Salman Hameed
Salman is an astronomer and Associate Professor of Integrated Science & Humanities at Hampshire College, Massachusetts. Currently, he is working on understanding the rise of creationism in contemporary Islamic world and how Muslims view the relationship between science & religion. He is also working with historian Tracy Leavelle at Creighton University to analyze reconciliation efforts between astronomers and Native Hawaiians over telescopes on top of sacred Mauna Kea in Hawaii. He teaches "History and Philosophy of Science & Religion" with philosopher Laura Sizer, and "Science in the Islamic World", both at Hampshire College. Salman and Laura Sizer are also responsible for the ongoing Hampshire College Lecture Series on Science & Religion, and you can find videos of all these lectures below. Contact information here.
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Le côtes-du-rhône villages est un vin d'appellation d'origine contrôlée produit sur une large partie du vignoble de la vallée du Rhône méridionale, sur quatre départements : l'Ardèche, la Drôme, le Gard et le Vaucluse.

Le nom de l'appellation peut être complété par une des dénominations géographiques suivantes :

Histoire
Dans le cadre de la création des appellations d'origine contrôlée, le classement en côtes-du-rhône villages est le résultat, à la demande des vignerons, de la reconnaissance par la justice ou l'INAO d'un « terroir jouissant d'une incontestable notoriété constatée par des usages locaux, loyaux et constants ».

La première action fut menée dans les côtes-du-rhône gardoises, en 1942, par les syndicats de vignerons de Chusclan et de Laudun. Ils demandèrent au tribunal d'Uzès une reconnaissance judiciaire de la qualité et de la valeur originales de leurs vins. Cette demande jointe à un cahier des charges qui proposait un statut spécial et plus sévère pour la production fut agréée. Le procès ayant traîné, les responsables vignerons demandèrent alors de bénéficier des dispositions du décret du .

La législation ayant changé, le , à la demande de l'INAO, plusieurs arrêtés ministériels furent pris reconnaissant à des villages de la Drôme, du Gard et du Vaucluse, le droit d'utiliser sur leurs étiquettes l'expression « côtes-du-rhône » suivie du nom de leur commune. Il s'agissait de Chusclan pour cinq communes, de Laudun, pour trois, de Cairanne et de Gigondas.

Le , Vacqueyras obtenait le même droit pour sa commune et celle de Sarrians, puis ce fut le tour de Vinsobres, le .

Le , un nouveau décret imposa l'épreuve de la dégustation préalable. Ce qui permit de classer en côtes-du-rhône village en date du  : Rochegude, Saint-Maurice-sur-Eygues, Vinsobres, pour la Drôme ; Laudun et Chusclan, pour le Gard ; Cairanne, Gigondas, Rasteau, Roaix, Séguret, Vacqueyras, Valréas et Visan, pour le Vaucluse.

En une décennie furent classés : Rousset-les-Vignes et Saint-Pantaléon-les-Vignes en date du  ; Sablet suivis de Saint-Gervais, le  puis de Beaumes-de-Venise avec les communes de Lafare, La Roque-Alric et Suzette le .

Entretemps, en 1967, avait été officialisée l'AOC régionale côtes-du-rhône villages. Elle concernait alors les meilleures parcelles des terroirs de soixante-quatorze communes des Côtes du Rhône. Elles sont aujourd'hui au nombre de quatre-vingt-quinze.

Le 20 Juin 2016, l'AOC Cairanne est créée  (provisoirement, définitivement le 25 juin 2018).

Géographie
Une diversité géographique importante caractérise l'ensemble des vignobles appartenant à cette appellation. Robert W. Mayberry dans son ouvrage sur les vins de la vallée du Rhône a réussi pourtant à en faire une synthèse. Deux éléments sont toujours communs, le premier est climatologique, c'est le mistral, le second est lié aux sols, c'est l'exposition des coteaux où est plantée la vigne.

De plus, les pentes des coteaux, par la façon dont elles drainent l'air, offrent au vignoble une bonne protection contre les problèmes de moisissure, de pourriture grise, de coulure ou encore contre les gelées printanières. Leur pédologie est aussi primordiale. L'argile des coteaux est un sol froid excellent pour le corps et l'acidité du vin tandis que le calcaire est dit l'être pour les arômes et que le sable est facteur de finesse comme à Sablet ou sur les hauteurs de Saint-Gervais.

Terroirs et vins

Pierre Charnay, inspecteur régional de l'INAO et qui fut l'un des principaux acteurs de la création de cette appellation villages, a commenté ainsi ses terroirs et ses vins :

Les degrés alcooliques ont été définis par décret : pour leurs trois couleurs, les villages régionaux doivent titrer 12°, tandis que les villages communaux doivent plafonner à 12° pour les blancs et les rosés et à 12,5° pour les rouges. Sur des sols argilocalcaires, les vins produits sont généreux, amples, colorés et charnus. Ils dégagent à l'agitation des arômes puissants. Sur des terres arides et caillouteuses, le même encépagement va donner des vins fins, élégants et fruités dont le nez révélera des arômes de fruits blancs ou rouges sinon floraux pour les blancs et les rosés.

Type de vins et gastronomie
Le rouge qui possède une grande aptitude au vieillissement, - dix ans et plus - est traditionnellement conseillé sur du gibier et de la venaison et il s'accorde parfaitement avec les daubes (avignonnaise ou provençale), le civet de cerf ainsi que les civets de lièvre ou de sanglier. Le rosé, en fonction de sa vinification - par saignée ou par pressurage - peut se garder entre . C'est à boire à table avec les charcuteries et les fromages. Il s'accorde parfaitement avec la cuisine asiatique. Quant au blanc, tout en finesse et en fraîcheur, il fait un mariage heureux avec les poissons de mer ou de rivière les fruits de mer, les crustacés et tous les fromages de chèvre.

Les millésimes
Ils correspondent à ceux du vignoble de la vallée du Rhône. Ils sont notés : année exceptionnelle , grande année , bonne année ***, année moyenne **, année médiocre *.

Soit sur 90 ans, 24 années exceptionnelles, 26 grandes années, 16 bonnes années, 22 années moyennes et 2 années médiocres.

Encépagement
Dans les décrets d'appellation, une division est faite entre le cépages principaux (indiqué par "M"), les variétés supplémentaires (indiqué par "S") et celles autorisées (indiqué par "(A)").

Côtes-du-Rhône Villages avec mention de village ou de lieu-dit
En 2013, 43 communes peuvent faire suivre l'appellation Côtes-du-Rhône Villages du nom de l'un des 22 villages ou lieux-dits suivants :

Chusclan
Le village dépendait au  de la Viguerie d'Uzès qui portait le nom de la « Côte du Rhône ». Côtes-du-rhône villages Chusclan est une AOC attribuée aux communes de Chusclan, d'Orsan, de Bagnols-sur-Cèze, de Codolet et de Saint-Étienne-des-Sorts. Elle fut d'abord accordée pour les vins rosés en 1967 puis, en 1971, pour les rouges. Les vignes sont implantées sur des terrasses gréseuses et caillouteuses ainsi que sur quelques bancs sableux.

L'histoire de la gastronomie a retenu que le vin de Chusclan fut fort apprécié à la cour de Louis XIV grâce aux « lapins d'Arbousset », une recette concoctée par le maréchal de Grammont.

Les vins rouges colorés, équilibrés, aux notes fruitées sont marqués par des arômes de laurier et d'épices. Vins de semi-garde, ils s'apprécient, généralement, avant leur cinquième année.

Gadagne
Depuis le 30 octobre 2012, les vins rouges produits dans les communes de Caumont-sur-Durance, Châteauneuf-de-Gadagne, Morières-lès-Avignon, Saint-Saturnin-lès-Avignon et Vedène (département de Vaucluse) peuvent, à leur tour, bénéficier de l'appellation Côtes-du-Rhônes Villages avec nom de commune. À noter que le nom initialement revendiqué était le nom d'un des villages de cette zone (Châteauneuf-de-Gadagne), mais les producteurs ont dû renoncer à cette appellation à la suite d'une longue procédure contre les producteurs de Châteauneuf-du-Pape.

Laudun
Tout comme Chusclan, le village dépendait de la Viguerie de la « Côte du Rhône ». L'AOC villages laudun regroupe les communes de Laudun, Tresques et Saint-Victor-la-Coste. Le vignoble a colonisé les pentes pierreuses et gréseuses de ces trois communes avec une préférence pour les sols squelettiques peu humides.

Les rouges souples et fins, aux tannins élégants et ronds, où domine l'assemblage grenache/mourvèdre/syrah, donnent des vins au potentiel aromatique important avec une belle capacité de maturation.

Massif d'Uchaux

L'AOC villages massif-d'uchaux est un nom géographique qui regroupe les communes de Lagarde-Paréol, Mondragon, Piolenc, Sérignan-du-Comtat et Uchaux. L'altitude de ce massif, situé au nord d'Orange, constitue un terroir est assez vallonné avec des hauteurs oscillant entre  d'altitude.

Dans ce paysage encore très boisé, le vignoble s'inscrit en damiers, chaque parcelle étant isolée de l'autre par la garrigue ou des oliveraies. Le terroir viticole est essentiellement composé d'un substrat daté du secondaire où la vigne se complaît sur des grès siliceux ou calcaires. Cette AOC Villages a été reconnue par le décret du .

Les rouges ont une robe profonde à la couleur chatoyante. Ces vins équilibrés et charpentés, sont caractérisés par un nez qui évolue d'un bouquet juvénile de fruits où domine la marasque (cerise noire) et l'arbouse, vers des nuances de menthe sauvage, de sous-bois et de venaison en vin de garde.

Nyons

En 2020, nyons est devenue la 22e appellation Villages à dénomination géographique. Pour leurs vins uniquement vinifiés en rouge, quatre communes drômoises revendiquent l'AOC Villages Nyons : Mirabel-aux-Baronnies, Nyons, Piégon et Venterol.

S'appuyant sur les reliefs préalpins des Monts des Baronnies et s'élevant entre 210 et 500 mètres d'altitude, le vignoble du Nyonsais s'avère l'un des territoires les plus élevés des Côtes du Rhône.

Il jouit, de surcroît, d'un microclimat particulier, caractérisé notamment par de fortes différences de température entre le jour et la nuit (13°C durant la période végétative de la vigne, elle s'amplifie en été avec 14,3°C en moyenne, en juillet). De plus, les vignes bénéficient des bienfaits d'un vent local : le Pontias. Ce vent empêche les rosées matinales de se former et, ainsi, protège les grappes des maladies fongiques.

Associée à des sols riches, caillouteux et argilo-calcaires, cette exposition exceptionnelle marquent les vins d'une fraîcheur et d'une puissance en bouche, tout en leur offrant une belle richesse aromatique, marquée par des notes de fruits frais, de baies noires, ou encore d'épices.

Plan de Dieu

L'AOC villages Plan-de-dieu ne porte pas un nom de commune, mais de lieu-dit. Il reçut son nom des religieuses de Prébayon quand elles quittèrent le massif des Dentelles de Montmirail pour s'installer ici. C'était pour elles le meilleur terroir à vignes, la « plaine de Dieu ».

Le nom de Plan de Dieu (Plan Dei) est attesté pour la première fois le  dans la rédaction d'un acte réglant entre les habitants de Camaret et de Travaillan les limites de leurs vignes et pâturages.

Cette terrasse du diluvium alpin, qui sépare l'Eygues et l'Ouvèze, descendus des Baronnies, est constituée de galets à prédominance calcaire et de teinte gris clair. Ces rivières au régime torrentueux ont charrié, après la dernière glaciation du Riss, des alluvions chargées qui se sont déposées en un puissant dépôt de galets roulés formant une terrasse entre leurs lits. Ces galets sont liés entre eux dans une matrice argilo-sableuse rouge qui sert de réserve hydrique.

Ce terroir se partage entre les communes de Camaret-sur-Aigues, Jonquières, Travaillan et Violès. Le décret du 25 août 2005 l'a fait accéder en côtes-du-rhône villages avec nom de commune.

Puyméras

L'AOC villages Puyméras regroupe cinq communes sur un terroir très vallonné à savoir Puyméras, Mérindol-les-Oliviers, Mollans-sur-Ouvèze, Faucon et Saint-Romain-en-Viennois.

Le vignoble s'est installé sur des coteaux entre  d'altitude. Il est cultivé sur des terrasses caillouteuses au sol de galets englués dans une matrice sablo-caillouteuse rouge. La période médiévale vit la culture de la vigne développée par les moines venus de l'Isle-Barbe (Lyon) et de l'abbaye de Cluny.

Zone de polyculture traditionnellement arboricole, les oliviers et les fruitiers subirent le gel de 1956. Seule la vigne résista. Ce vignoble a eu ses vins classé en côtes-du-rhône villages en 1979. Le décret du  l'a fait accéder en côtes-du-rhône villages avec nom de commune.

Un « Salon des jeunes vignerons d'Europe » est programmé chaque année à Mérindol-les-Oliviers au début du mois d'août.

Rasteau

Le village émerge au-dessus de ses vignes plantées soit en terrasses, soit en croupes arrondies. Tout comme Cairanne, Rasteau a la quasi-totalité de son vignoble sur la montagne de Ventabren. Cette ancienne terrasse du diluvium alpin est composée d'une matrice d'argile rouge, très riche en galets roulés de quartz et de calcaire gris. Ce vignoble, qui couvre les pentes des coteaux exposés plein sud et qui font un paravent au mistral, produit des vins d'une grande qualité tant en rouge, blanc et rosé.

Les rouges dégagent à l'agitation un nez de cassis et d'épices douces. Charnus et bien structurés, ils ont un beau potentiel de vieillissement. Ils sont classés en cru (ou appellation communale) depuis le décret daté du . Seuls les blancs restent en AOC côtes-du-rhône villages communale, les rosés réintégrant l'AOC côtes-du-rhône.

Sur la commune, une chapelle du  est placée sous le vocable de Notre-Dame des Vignerons.

Roaix

Une partie des vignes de l'AOC villages Roaix sont implantées sur les coteaux de Ventabren. La présence de silex taillés et de débris de poteries gallo-romaines prouve que ce territoire fut occupé de la Préhistoire à l'Antiquité.

Au cours du , les templiers de la commanderie de Richerenches, installèrent ici un de leurs temples. Ce furent eux qui développèrent le vignoble sur les terres caillouteuses des hautes terrasses du lit de l'Ouvèze ou sur les pentes des coteaux composées d'argile rouge décalcifiée.

Les vignes fournissent des rouges élégants et légers qui se révèlent parfaits entre quatre et cinq ans.

Rochegude

L'AOC villages Rochegude remonte à l'antiquité romaine. Comme à Cairanne, Cassius Severianus, l'intendant de la Narbonnaise, résida à Rochegude. Il fit graver un cippe, stèle funéraire dont l'inscription rappelait son affection et celle de son épouse Veltia Maternilla pour Infantus, leur enfant chéri.

Le baron Le Roy de Boiseaumarié trouvait ce vin rouge remarquable par sa finesse, sa générosité et surtout par un bouquet sui generis que ne possédait aucun autre vin des côtes-du-rhône. Ses rouges élégants, légers tout en étant chaleureux dégagent un bouquet complexe de notes fruitées.

Rousset-les-Vignes
L'AOC villages Rousset-les-vignes apparaît dans les textes dès le . C'est l'époque à laquelle, les moines bénédictins de Saint-Pantaléon construisirent à Rousset un monumental prieuré adossé à la montagne de la Lance qu'ils placèrent sous la protection de dom Mayeul de Cluny et commencèrent à implanter le vignoble sur les coteaux gréseux.

Puis, ils firent entourer de remparts leur établissement et l'agglomération qui s'était créée autour. Un château, construit au  par les comtes de Valentinois, somma le village ; ses fortifications furent reprises au  et elles furent totalement restaurées au cours du .

Ce fut lors de la présence des papes à Avignon que cette commune devint une enclave pontificale en terre baronniarde. En 1451, elle fut assiégée par des bandes pillardes qui ne purent forcer les remparts. La paix revenue le village médiéval pris son aspect Renaissance.

Le prieuré clunisien fut abandonné lors de la Révolution, c'est aujourd'hui une propriété privée.

Le vignoble est resté sur les pentes élevées des coteaux du village. Il donne des vins rouges aux arômes de petits fruits rouges qui, grâce à la finesse de leurs tanins, se révèlent de bonne garde.

Sablet

Le terroir de l'AOC villages Sablet est constitué de collines de saffre dominées par des dalles du miocène quasi verticales. À ces sols gréseux et sableux s'ajoutent des terres où domine l'argile décalcifiée mélangée à des galets.

Le village est devenu célèbre dans le monde de la littérature contemporaine grâce à sa « Journée du Livre » qui se tient chaque année à la fin du mois de juillet. Un lien étroit s'est créé entre les auteurs et leurs amis vignerons. D'ailleurs, tous les ans, ceux-ci sortent en cette occasion une « Cuvée spéciale » millésimée qui leur est offerte.

Les vins rouges amples et pleins de corps se caractérisent par des saveurs de fruits mûrs et secs.

Saint-Gervais
Situé dans la vallée de la Cèze, le vignoble de Saint-gervais a depuis longtemps délaissé le fond des vallons pour partir à la conquête des pentes des coteaux.

Ceux-ci sont composés d'un sol gréseux où se retrouvent des plaques d'argile rouge. Le sommet du plateau, où les moines de la Chartreuse de Valbonne y ont implanté un vignoble, est recouvert d'un sol caillouteux ou sableux.

Le vignoble produit des vins rouges où dominent des arômes de fraises, cassis et framboises. Ces vins équilibrés, amples et onctueux se conservent très bien en cave.

Saint-Maurice-sur-Eygues
Aux portes des Baronnies, l'AOC villages Saint-maurice-sur-eygues jouit d'un climat particulièrement clément à l'abri de la violence mistral. Son terroir est composé de sols argilo-calcaires plus ou moins gréseux.

Ce fief des Dauphins du Viennois a toujours produit des vins réputés. De nos jours sa production atteint des sommets de qualité en particulier avec ses vins blancs remarquables par leur fraîcheur et leur persistance aromatique. Ses rouges pleins d'élégance supportent parfaitement le vieillissement.

Dans le hall d'accueil de la cave des vignerons est exposé un tonneau du , un des plus anciens de la vallée du Rhône.

Saint-Pantaléon-les-Vignes

Au , en plaine, fut édifiée une abbaye bénédictine par les moines de Saint-Saturnin-du-Port, maison-mère de Cluny pour toute la partie méridionale du Royaume d'Arles. Elle fut placée sous la protection de saint Pantaléon. Une population de paysans et d'artisans s'installa sous la protection des clunisiens et un important vignoble fut implanté tout autour. C'est l'origine de l'AOC villages Saint-pantaléon-les-vignes.

Ce fut au cours du , alors que les papes s'étaient installés à Avignon, que la commune, qui dépendait jusqu'alors du comté de Valentinois, devient une enclave pontificale.

En 1451, des bandes pillardes investissent le village qui est rasé avec son château, son église abbatiale et ses bâtiments conventuels. Pour se protéger, la population et les moines se réfugient derrière l'enceinte de Rousset-les-Vignes. Le danger passé, les Saint-Pantaléonnais retournent chez eux. Mal leur en prit puisque cette fois c'est le baron des Adrets, la terreur des guerres de religion. Ce qui contraignit les habitants à un nouveau retour à Rousset.

C'est en 1918, que le conseil municipal demanda que la commune puisse rajouter à son nom le qualificatif "les Vignes", ce qui lui fut accordé.

Le vignoble produit des rouges charnus aux tanins ronds permettant de conserver et d'apprécier des bouteilles de 10 ans d'âge.

Séguret

Le vignoble de l'AOC villages séguret a colonisé les collines de safre de cette commune reliquat d'une « mer voconcienne ». Le village médiéval est perché sur un éperon. Ses fortifications partaient du front des maisons au pied de la colline pour remonter jusqu'à son sommet. Il en reste de remarquables vestiges avec la Porte Reynier dite aussi Portail de la Bise et la Porte des Huguenots qui a conservé ses vantaux en bois ferrés.

Les vignerons du village élaborent des rouges élégants marqués par des notes d'épices et d'amande. Ce sont des vins de semi-garde à consommer dans les .

Une confrérie vineuse existait ici depuis 1685, elle plaça à sa tête une femme, la « bailleresse ». Ce fut le , qu'eut lieu la renaissance de la « Confrérie des Chevaliers du Gouste-Séguret, Compagnons de Saint-Vincent », héritière de celle du . C'est une confrérie mixte qui comprend : bayle, baylesse, chambellan, épistolioère, argentier, archiviste, maître de ripailles, maître des chais, cellerier, bouteiler, tabellion et bannerets. Elle s'est fixé deux chapitres annuels, celui de la Saint-Vincent, et celui d'été lors de la fête locale qui correspond maintenant à la « fête des vins ». Au cours de ces chapitres ont lieu les intronisations parmi lesquelles celles de Daniel Ceccaldi, Jean Ferniot, Éric Champ, du professeur émérite René Grosso, Corinne Le Poulain, Jean Raspail, Pierre Tchernia.

Signargues
Sous ce nom de lieu-dit se regroupent en AOC villages Signargues les communes de Domazan, Estézargues, Rochefort-du-Gard et Saze.

Ce lieu est entré dans l'histoire en 736, après une victoire de Charles Martel contre les Sarrasins dans la plaine de Signargues, près de Remoulins. La légende veut qu'il fallût trois jours entiers pour enterrer les morts. En commémoration, le roi Franc fit construire sur ces lieux, une chapelle dédiée à Saint-Jean des Vignes.
Le décret du 25 août 2005 l'a fait accéder en côtes-du-rhône villages avec nom de commune.

Valréas

L'AOC villages valréas est produit sur la commune éponyme. Celle-ci est au centre d'un bassin miocène riche en coquilles de lamellibranches, débris d'oursins et de très nombreuses dents de requins. C'est un terroir très favorable à la vigne. C'est ce que savait Jean XXII quand le  il acheta Valréas au Dauphin du Viennois pour  tournois.

Ses terroirs diversifiés permettent d'obtenir soit des rouges souples, fins et peu tanniques, aux notes fraîches de fruits et d'anis, parfaits à déguster entre , soit de remarquables vins de garde, dans les vallons où souffle le pontias qui acquièrent en vieillissant un nez puissant de musc, de champignons des bois et de cuir.

L'hôtel de Simiane a été édifié aux  et s par François de Royers de la Valfrenière et son fils Louis-François. C'est l'ancienne demeure de Pauline de Grignan, la petite-fille de madame de Sévigné.

La « Nuit du Petit Saint-Jean » se célèbre depuis plus de cinq siècles. Le défilé historique en costumes d'époque qui accompagne le char du petit saint Jean à travers les rues de la ville a lieu traditionnellement chaque nuit du 23 juin, veille de la fête.

Visan

L'AOC villages visan est situé dans l'Enclave des Papes. Son village est entouré de collines couvertes par le vignoble. La diversité de leurs sols est importante. On trouve des terrains sablonneux sur celles de Frigollet et de Roussillac, un substrat argilocalcaire à Notre-Dame et Coste-Chaude et un terrain caillouteux à Rousseton et La Bastide.

Les vignes de Visan produisent des rouges de garde, vins de grande ampleur à la bouche qui évoluent des notes fruitées et minérales vers des senteurs de fruits mûrs et de venaison. Ils possèdent un beau potentiel de vieillissement.

Un peu à l'écart du village se trouve l'antique chapelle de « Notre-Dame des Vignes » où chaque année la « Confrérie des Vignerons de Visan » se rend en pèlerinage lors de la fête d'été. Une inscription est gravée sur ses murs qui affirme : « Posuerunt me custodem in vinæ ».

Tableau récapitulatif

Côtes-du-rhône villages sans nom de commune
En 2008, 90 communes peuvent accoler le nom d'AOC Côtes du Rhône villages; la liste de ces communes s'établit comme suit :

La Fête tournante des côtes-du-rhône villages
Elle fut créée, en 1971 à Vacqueyras par Maurice Seignour, maire du village et président national des courtiers en vin. Le principe adopté fut que chaque année une commune de l'AOC côtes-du-rhône villages accueillerait cette manifestation.

Galerie photographique

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Cellier des Dauphins
 Viticulture en France
 Route des vins des Côtes du Rhône
 Inter Rhône
 Vignoble de Châteauneuf-de-Gadagne
 Concours des vins d'Orange

Liens externes
 Les côtes-du-rhône Villages sur le site des Vins de la Vallée du Rhône
 Côtes du Rhône villages, association mets & vins
 Les côtes-du-rhône Villages
 Les côtes-du-rhône Villages sur le site winealley

Bibliographie
 G. Pierrefeu et Pierre Le Roy de Boiseaumarié, Circuit touristique Côtes-du-Rhône, Drôme-Vaucluse. Vin, tourisme, soleil, Éd. Havas, Avignon, 1956.
 Ph. Huguier, Vins des côtes-du-rhône, Éd. A. Robert, Marseille, 1973.
 P. Le Roy de Boiseaumarié, Histoire de l'appellation côtes-du-rhône, Éd. Reflets Méditerranées, Avignon, 1978.
 Pierre Charnay, Vignobles et vins des côtes-du-rhône, Éd. Aubanel, Avignon, 1985.
 Robert W. Mayberry, Wines of the Rhône Valley, a guide to origins, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Totawa, New Jersey, U.S.A. , 1987.
 Guy Jacquemont et Patrick Galant, Le Grand Livre des côtes-du-rhône, Éd. du Chêne, Paris, 1988.
 Charles Pomerol, sous la direction de, Terroirs et vins de France. Itinéraires œnologiques et géologiques, Éd. du BRGM, Orléans, 1990.

Vignoble des Côtes du Rhône
Vin AOC dans la Drôme
Vin AOC dans le Gard
Vin AOC en Vaucluse
Vin AOC en Ardèche
Gastronomie en Ardèche

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It's basically a game of Capture the Flag with a twist.
Instead of grabbing flags, each team has a bucket at the back of their area. Every person then is given a Hershey Kiss. The object of the game is to get as many Hershey Kisses in the other team's bucket without getting tagged.
If a player is on their opponent's side and is tagged by an opponent, then they have to go to jail. They get out of jail when one of their teammates tags them out of jail. Whenever someone get a Kiss in the bucket, they can go back to their side and get another Kiss from a game official.
This game has to be timed. Depending on the size of the group and the size of the playing area would factor in to how long you would let the game go for. We time each round @ 10 minutes.
The team with the least amount of Kisses in their own bucket wins.
Winner of the "NIrV Kids' Study Bible" Giveaway!


text:
Q: How to query Overpass area through leaflet? I have a OpenstreetMap with leaflet. I'm using this Plugin for leaflet to query with Overpass.
var opl = new L.OverPassLayer({
  query: "(area['name'='Roma']; node(area)['amenity'='drinking_water']);out;",

});

But my Map is showing nothing when used with the Plugin.
What is wrong?
Note: My query is working based on this.
EDIT:
This query is working with Plugin but not on http://overpass-turbo.eu/ ?!
var opl = new L.OverPassLayer({
query: "(node(BBOX)['amenity'='drinking_water'];);out;",

});
FULL EXAMPLE:
var attr_osm = 'Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors',
attr_overpass = 'POI via Overpass API';
var osm = new L.TileLayer('http://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', {opacity: 0.7, attribution: [attr_osm, attr_overpass].join(', ')});

var map = new L.Map('map').addLayer(osm).setView(new L.LatLng(49.592041, 8.648164),2);

//OverPassAPI overlay
var opl = new L.OverPassLayer({
  query: "(node(BBOX)['amenity'='drinking_water'];);out;",

});

map.addLayer(opl);

A: Your zoom level is much too low, you're basically retrieving data for a large part of the earth. As a consequence your Overpass query times out and you won't get any result.
Change
new L.LatLng(49.592041, 8.648164),2)
to
new L.LatLng(49.592041, 8.648164),14)
In addition I recommended to:

*

*add a [timeout:x] parameter to limit the runtime of your query

*add a maximum number of object you want to query, e.g. out 100; for max. 100 nodes.

Also, you cannot use (BBOX) in overpass turbo. The correct syntax for overpass turbo would be ({{bbox}}).

A: I solved my problem with another plugin .
I can use the overpass-turbo query:
var attr_osm = 'Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors',
attr_overpass = 'POI via Overpass API';
var osm = new L.TileLayer('http://{s}.tile.openstreetmap.org/{z}/{x}/{y}.png', {opacity: 0.7, attribution: [attr_osm, attr_overpass].join(', ')});

var map = new L.Map('map').addLayer(osm).setView(new L.LatLng(43.592041,2.648164),14);

var opl = new L.OverPassLayer({
query: "node[amenity=drinking_water]({{bbox}});out;",
});

map.addLayer(opl);

or with custom circle on Map
var opl = new L.OverPassLayer({
query: "node[amenity=drinking_water]({{bbox}});out;",
onSuccess: function(data) {

    for(i=0;i<data.elements.length;i++) {
      e = data.elements[i];

      var pos = new L.LatLng(e.lat, e.lon);
      var color = 'green';
      L.circle(pos, 5, {
        color: color,
        fillColor: '#fa3',
        fillOpacity: 1,
      }).addTo(map);

    }
  },
});

map.addLayer(opl);

You can even convert the data received from Overpass with this
to GeoJson. It is possible to draw ways and area directly.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Zemljište, tle, zemlja; oblik zemljišta, naročito s obzirom na njegov uticaj na položaj i kretanje trupa; fig. položaj, okolnosti; oblast gde se dejstvuje, radi.
ETYM Old Fren. court, curt, cort, French cour, Late Lat. cortis, from Latin cohors, cors, chors, gen. cohortis, cortis, chortis, an inclosure, court, thing inclosed, crowd, throng.
A yard wholly or partly surrounded by walls or buildings; SYN. courtyard.
A specially marked area within which a game is played.
The family and retinue of a sovereign or prince.
The residence of a sovereign or nobleman.
The sovereign and his advisers who are the governing power of a state.
ETYM Late Lat. praecinctum, from Latin praecingere, praecinctum, to gird about, to encompass; prae before + cingere to gird, surround. Related to Pre-, and Cincture.
A district of a city or town marked out for administrative purposes.
Ground belonging to ecclesiastical or other building; surroundings; (American), police-district.
ETYM Latin sectio, from secare, sectum, to cut; akin to Eng. saw a cutting instrument: cf. French section. Related to Saw, Scion, Dissect, Insect, Secant, Segment.
A self-contained part of a larger composition; SYN. subdivision.
One of several pieces or parts that fit with others to constitute a whole object; SYN. segment.
A distinct region or subdivision of a territorial or political area or community or group of people.
A segment of a citrus fruit.
A land unit of 1 square mile measuring 1 mile on a side.
A small army unit usually having a special function.
A small team of policemen working as part of a police platoon.
1(Geometry) The area created by a plane cutting through a solid; SYN. plane section.


FLG Reporting offers a mix of pre-defined templates. See Available Reports for a full range of templates.
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The default date range using Insights is always [This month] - whereas the default date range in Reports is the one set in Settings> Configuration> Preferences> Default Date Range: i.e [This Year].
Pinned Reports. - Using Reports, you have the option to share with all users or just yourself. Pinning a report in insights will share the report with ALL users.
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text:
Basia Bulat "Go On"
We introduced Basia Bulat to you all a few weeks ago with her powerful single, "Gold Rush". Well, "Go On," another track to appear on Bulat's forthcoming record, Heart of My Own, brings on the Neko Case-like powerhouse vocals, with a sense of urgency and excitement.
Basia Bulat never does tell us what is so urgent. Maybe it's the release of her album, which is out later this month on Beggars Group (1/26) by the way. You can listen to and download the song below (via MBV):
Basia BulatMP3Neko Case
The Best Songs of 2009
The New Pornographers "Your Hands (Together)"
MNDR - "I Go Away"
By Adam Offitzer
The Go! Team - T.O.R.N.A.D.O.
Music Go Music, Expressions
What's Going On? January 26-February 1
REC'D MP3: New Oberhofer - "Gotta Go"
Kissy Sell Out - Go Explode
What's Going On? January 5th-12th in concerts.