text:
\section{Introduction}

Analog quantum enhanced search and optimization algorithms could, at the very least, provide a stop-gap solution for quantum applications prior to fault-tolerant universal quantum computation~\cite{preskilNISQ}. Typically the classical cost function in binary optimization problems is encoded in a $n$-qubit Hamiltonian $H_{\rm cl} = \sum_z {\mathcal E}_z \ket z\! \bra z$ diagonal in the computational basis $\{\ket z\}$. The energy landscape $\{{\mathcal E}_z\}$ of a typical hard optimization problem is characterized by a large number of spurious local minima. While close in energy, they can be separated by large Hamming distances. This landscape gives rise to an interesting computational primitive: given an initial bit-string with sufficiently low energy, we are to produce other bit-strings within a certain narrow range of energies $\Delta {\mathcal E}_{\rm cl}$ in the vicinity of the initial state. In general, this is a hard computational task. For instance, given a solution of a SAT problem finding another solution of a similar quality is generally as hard as finding the initial solution.  Inspired by previous work in analogue quantum computing~\cite{kadowaki1998quantum,farhi2001quantum,brooke1999quantu
}, we propose the following quantum population transfer (PT) protocol: given an initial computational state $\ket{z_0}$ with classical energy ${\mathcal E}_{z_0}$, we evolve with the Hamiltonian
\begin{gather}
 H = H_{\rm cl}+H_{D},\quad H_D= - {B_\perp} \sum_{j=0}^n \sigma_j^x, \label{eq:H}
\end{gather}
where $H_D$ is the driver Hamiltonian, without fine-tuning the evolution time or the strength of the transverse field ${B_\perp}$. Finally we measure in the computational basis and check the energy ${\mathcal E}_z$ of the outcome $\ket z$ if $z \ne z_0$. Practically, analog implementation requires rapid (diabatic) ramp on/off of the transverse field at the beginning/end of the protocol.

The distribution $\rho(E_\gamma)$ of the eigenvalues of $H$, where $H\ket{\psi_\gamma} = E_\gamma \ket {\psi_\gamma}$, is typically well localized around the mean classical energy, with an exponentially decaying tail reaching towards the low energy states. The initial state $\ket{z_0}$ is located at a deep local minimum of the classical landspace $\{{\mathcal E}_z\}$, at the tail the distribution $\rho(E_\gamma)$.
The non-diagonal matrix elements $-{B_\perp}$ give rise to hopping between states separated by one bit-flip. Matrices with diagonal disorder and hoping between neighbors correspond to the Anderson model introduced in the context of transport and localization in disordered media~\cite{anderson1958absence}.
The transverse field ${B_\perp}$ couples the local minima via perturbation theory in a high order given by the Hamming distance between them.
In this model (\ref{eq:H}), as well as  in the original Anderson model,  there exist bands of localized and extended states separated in energy by a so-called
``mobility edge''. It  was demonstrated in  Ref.~\cite{altshuler2010anderson}  that localization is responsible for the failure of  Quantum Annealing to find a solution of  the  constraint satisfaction problem (although,  the detailed analysis of this effect is still lacking~\cite{knysh2010relevance,knysh2016zero}).
Nonetheless, extended states could provide a mechanism for population transfer away from the initial state.
In spin-systems with transverse field the existence of a so-called ``mobility edge'' at the tail of the distribution $\rho(E_\gamma)$, separating in the energy spectrum localized and delocalized eigenstates of $H$, has been recently studied in Refs.~\cite{smelyanskiy2002dynamics,laumann2014many,mossi2017many}.

The population transfer corresponds to the formation of a ``conduction band'' that could be understood from the following arguments. We express the probability of a transition from $\ket {z_0}$ to $\ket z$,
\begin{align}
  P(t,z|z_0) = \left|\sum_\gamma \braket z {\psi_\gamma} \braket{\psi_\gamma} {z_0} e^{-i E_\gamma t} \right |^2\;,\label{eq:ptz}
\end{align}
in terms of the eigenstates $\{\ket{\psi_\gamma}\}$ and eigenvalues $\{E_\gamma\}$ of the system Hamiltonian $H$. In the delocalized phase the state $\ket{z_0}$ has a sizable overlap with a large set of eigenstates of size $\Omega$ with energies within some range $|E_\gamma - E_{\gamma'}| \sim \Delta E$. These are the eigenstates that dominate the sum in Eq.~\eqref{eq:ptz}. The eigenstates in this set  posses an important property extensively studied in the theory of transport in disordered systems~\cite{Kravtzov2015RzPr,altshuler2016multifractal,altshuler2016nonergodic}. They have largely overlapping supports over a support set ${\mathscr S}$ of bit-strings. This implies, from Eq.~\eqref{eq:ptz},  that after a typical population transfer time $t_{\rm PT } \propto 1/\Delta E$ and for any initial state $z_0 \in {\mathscr S}$ the population is spread over the entire set ${\mathscr S}$, that is $P(t_{\rm PT }, z_1|z_0) \sim 1/|{\mathscr S}|$ for all $z_1 \in {\mathscr S}$. The conduction band is formed by the eigenstates within a spectrum width $\Delta E$ associated with the bit-strings in ${\mathscr S}$. From the point of view of condensed matter physics, the eigenstates that overlap with $\ket{z_0}$ are non-ergodic. Nevertheless, they form a conduction miniband with energies below the quantum spin glass transition at the tail of $\rho(E_\gamma)$~\cite{laumann2014many,altshuler2016nonergodic}.

The formation of the conduction band explained above is the physical mechanism that we intend to exploit in the PT protocol to solve the computational primitive defined above. It is well established that simulating unitary time quantum dynamics in the delocalized phase to approximate $P(t_{\rm PT }, z_1|z_0)$ can not be done efficiently by known numerical techniques, such as quantum Monte-Carlo or tensor network methods, due to the coherent many-body nature of this transport phenomena.
 In addition to tunneling the transverse field ${B_\perp}$ gives rise to shifts in the classical energies ${\mathcal E}_{\rm cl}$ distributed over the width $\Delta {\mathcal E}_{\rm cl}$. This limits how narrow the target window of classical energies in the primitive can be.

More generally, the PT protocol can provide a useful primitive to explore energy landscapes on the way to lower energy states for optimization, reverse annealing~\cite{LidarNishimoriReverse} and quantum machine learning~\cite{carleoTroyer2017,biamonte2017quantum}. The  output of PT  $z$ can be used as an input  of a classical optimization heuristic such as simulated annealing  or parallel tempering in a ``hybrid'' optimization algorithm~\cite{Neven2016} where quantum and classical steps  can be used sequentially to gain the complementary
advantages of both~\cite{chancellor2017modernizing}. A quantum advantage of the population transfer primitive would imply an advantage of such quantum parallel tempering over similar classical algorithms.

We propose a theoretical approach to analyze this problem with detailed analysis presented in~\cite{IB}.  Here we provide the results. Our approach exploits the existence of two relevant energy scales. The first scale is the width of the non-ergodic conduction miniband $\Delta E$. The second scale is the typical change in classical energy ${\mathcal E}_{\rm cl}$ corresponding to one spin flip. Because of the large Hamming distances separating states in the support of the conduction band ${\mathscr S}$, the effecitive coupling elements that couple them correspond to high order in perturbation theory in ${B_\perp}$, and therefore $\left|{\mathcal E}_{\rm cl} \right| \gg \Delta E$. The dynamics within the miniband is described by the effective downfolded Hamiltonian
\begin{align}
  {\mathscr H} = \sum_{j=1}^M {\varepsilon}_j \ket j \bra j + \sum_{j,k=1}^M V_{jk} \ket j \bra k\;. \label{eq:Heff}
\end{align}
The sum is over a size $M$ of the subset of computational basis states $\ket {z_j}$ sufficiently wide such that it contains the support set ${\mathscr S}$. The ${\varepsilon}_j$'s are appropriately renormalized energies of the Hamiltonian $H_{\rm cl}$. The non-diagonal matrix elements $V_{jk}$ correspond to the sum over all elementary spin-flip processes that begin in state $\ket j$, proceed through virtual states separated by energies at least ${\mathcal E}$ from the miniband, and return back to the miniband only at the last step, at the state $\ket k$. We emphasize that in general $V_{jk}$ takes into account all loops where the process returns back to the same virtual state without visiting the miniband.

In this paper we apply this analytical framework to "impurity band" model which demonstrates a quantum spin glass behavior yet allows analytical description of the quantum dynamics in the course of the PT protocol. In the second part of the paper  we present numerical analysis of a set of more practical models defined by 2-local Hamiltonians. The impurity band model is defined by the Hamiltonian,
\begin{align}
 H = H_{\rm cl} - {B_\perp} \sum_{j=0}^n \sigma_j^x,\quad  H_{\rm cl} = \sum_{j=1}^M {\mathcal E}(z_j) \ket {z_j} \bra{z_j}\label{Hcl2}
\end{align}
where the $n$-bit-strings $\{z_j\}_{j=1}^M$ are chosen uniformly at random from all bit-strings of length $n$, there are $M \gg 1$ marked states $\ket{z_i}$, with energies ${\mathcal E}_{z_j} = -n + {\varepsilon}_j$. The $\varepsilon_j$'s are independently distributed around $0$ with a narrow width $W \ll 1$ to be discussed below. All other states have energy $0$ and are separated by a large gap $\sim n$ from the very narrow band of marked states. The typical distance between marked states is $n/2$. If  $M$ is exponentially  large in $n$  the  typical distance  $d_{\rm min}$ to the nearest marked  state is  much smaller than  $n/2$ but remains extensive $d_{\rm min}={\cal O}(n)$. As such, each marked state $\ket{z_j}$  is a deep local minimum of ${\mathcal E}(z)$ coupled to other marked states via transverse field induced multiqubit tunneling with amplitude decreasing exponentially with Hamming distance $d$.

We obtain an explicit analytical form for the statistical properties of the PT dynamics in the above model (\ref{Hcl2}) by deriving in the form of Eq.~(\ref{eq:Heff}) an effective down-folded Hamiltonian in the energy strip associated with the PT~\cite{IB}
\begin{equation}
{\mathscr H}_{ij}=\delta_{ij}\epsilon_j+(1-\delta_{ij}){\mathcal V}_{ij} \sqrt{2} \sin \phi(d_{ij})\;.\label{eq:IBH}
\end{equation}
Here the diagonal elements $\epsilon_j$ are given by the marked state energies counted off from the center of the impurity band shifted due to the effect of the transverse field $\sim {B_\perp^2}$. Their PDF  is assumed to be exponentially bounded with some width~$W$.

Explicit analytical form of the off-diagonal elements is obtained using WKB approach. In Eq.~(\ref{eq:IBH}) $\phi(d)\equiv \phi(E^{(0)},d)$ is a WKB phase that describes the oscillation of the matrix elements with the Hamming distance. The tunneling amplitude ${\mathcal V}_{ij}$ equals
\begin{equation}
{\mathcal V}_{ij} \equiv V(d_{ij}),\quad V(d)=\sqrt{A(d/n, {B_\perp})}\,\,\frac{ n^{5/4} \,  e^{-n\theta({B_\perp})} }{\sqrt{\binom{n}{d}}}\;,\label{eq:V2}
\end{equation}
 where $i$ $\neq$$ j$ and the coefficient $A(\rho, {B_\perp})$ is a smooth function of its arguments. The function $\theta({B_\perp})$ is given in~\cite{IB}. Below we use its asymptotical form in the limit  ${B_\perp}\gg1$,
\begin{equation}
\theta \simeq \frac{1}{4 B_{\perp}^{2} }+\frac{1}{24 B_{\perp}^{4}}+\frac{1}{60B_{\perp}^{6}}+\ldots.\; \label{eq:g-exp}
\end{equation}
In this limit $\theta\ll 1$.
We shall refer to ${\mathscr H}$ in (\ref{eq:IBH}) as the Impurity Band (IB) Hamiltonian.

 The typical matrix element corresponds to tunneling at distance $n/2$ given by,
 \begin{gather}
 V_{\rm typ}\sim n^2 2^{-n/2}e^{-n/(4{B_\perp^2})}.\label{eq:typ}
 \end{gather}
 At the same time the typical distance from a  marked state to its nearest neighbor is extensive $d_{\rm min}={\mathcal O}(n)$  which corresponds to a matrix element, see Eq.~(\ref{eq:V2}), exponentially larger than the  typical value $V_{\rm typ}$. Therefore there is a hierarchy of off-diagonal matrix elements of ${\mathscr H}_{ij}$. The off diagonal matrix elements of random realizations of ${\mathscr H}$ are described by a heavy-tailed probability density function~\cite{cizeau1994theory,monthus2016localization}.  Such random matrices are called Levi matrices.

The  PDF of the rescaled squared amplitudes $w_{ij}=V^2(d_{ij})/V_{\rm typ}^{2}$ can be obtained in the explicit form~\cite{IB},
\begin{equation}
{\rm PDF}(w)=\frac{1}{w^2\sqrt{\pi \log w}},\quad w\in[1,\infty). \label{eq:poly}
\end{equation}
The particular form of scaling is the direct consequence of the fact that our problem has no "structure":   the tunneling matrix elements depend only on Hamming distance and marked states are chosen at random.

The key difference  of the ensemble of matrices ${\mathscr H}_{ij}$ from  Levi matrices studied in the literature \cite{tarquini2016level,monthus2016localization,metz2010localization,cizeau1994theory} is that the dispersion,  $W$, of the diagonal matrix elements is much larger than the typical magnitude of the off-diagonal elements  $V_{\rm typ}$. Therefore ${\mathscr H}_{ij}$ can be called
preferred basis Levi matrices (PBLM).

We note that the existence of heavy tails in the PDF of the off-diagonal matrix elements of the down-folded  Hamiltonian ${\mathscr H}$ is due to  the infinite dimension of the Hilbert space of the original problem (\ref{eq:H}) for  $n\rightarrow \infty$. This happens because the exponential decay of the matrix elements with the Hamming distance $d$ is compensated by the exponential growth of the number of  states at the  distance $d$  from a given state. We expect that this PBLM structure is a generic feature of the effective Hamiltonians for PT at the tail of  the density of states in quantum spin glass problems.

The competition between the exponential decrease of the matrix element and the increase of the number of neighbors at distance $d$ can result in eigenstates $\ket{\psi_\beta}$ of $H$ associated  with the impurity band becoming delocalized over a large subset  of marked states ${\mathscr S}_\beta$  with size $1\ll |{\mathscr S}_\beta|\propto M^\alpha$ and  $0<\alpha \leq 1$.  For $\alpha=0$ the eigenstate $\ket{\psi_\beta}$ is localized, for $\alpha=1$ the eigenstate is delocalized in the  entire space of  marked states. For $0<\alpha<1$ the eigenstate can be considered "non-ergodic" and its support  set ${\mathscr S}_\beta$ is sparse in the space of the marked states. The PBLM matrices support non-ergodic delocalized states when the width $W$ is much bigger than the largest off-diagonal matrix element in a typical row of ${\mathscr H}_{ij}$ and much smaller than the largest off-diagonal element in a matrix
\begin{equation}
V_{\rm typ} M^{1/2}\ll W\ll V_{\rm typ} M\;.\label{eq:VMV}
\end{equation}
For smaller dispersion $W\apprle V_{\rm typ} M^{1/2}$ the matrix eigenstates  are ergodic while for $W \apprge  V_{\rm typ} M$ the eigenstates are localized. This non-ergodic regime is a distinct feature of the PBLM and is absent in Levi matrices. Such phase diagram resembles the one in the Rosenzweig-Porter (RP)  model~\cite{Kravtzov2015RzPr,facoetti2016non}. The difference of RP from PBLM is that  the statistics of the off-diagonal matrix elements in the RP ensemble are Gaussian \cite{rosenzweig1960repulsion} rather than polynomial (\ref{eq:poly}). In this paper we focus on PT transfer within the non-ergodic delocalized phase, which is more likely to generalize to other models. We note that the localized phase does not support population transfer.

In the delocalized phase eigenstates with largely overlapping supports $\medcap_{\beta}{\mathscr S}_\beta$\;$\approx$\;${\mathscr S}(z_j)$ form narrow mini-bands.  The mini-band width $\Gamma$ may be interpreted as the inverse scrambling time and determines the width of the  plateau in the Fourier-transform of the typical transition probability $\tilde P(\omega,z|z_j)$ ~\cite{Kravtzov2015RzPr}.\footnote{The same plateau width  characterizes the frequency dependence of the  eigenfunction  overlap correlation coefficient $K(\omega)=M\sum_{j=1}^{M}\sum_{\beta,\beta'}   |\braket{j}{\psi_\beta}|^2   |\braket{j}{\psi_{\beta'}}|^2 \delta(\omega-E_{\beta}+E_{\beta'})$~\cite{Kravtzov2015RzPr}.}
 In other words, the  significant PT of $P(t,z|z_j)$   from the initial marked state $\ket{z_j}\in {\mathscr S} $ into other states of the same miniband ${\mathscr S}$ occurs over time $t_{\rm PT }\sim 1/\Gamma$.

Because of the PBLM structure of the Hamiltonian ${\mathscr H}$ one can expect that the runtime of the PT protocol $t_{\rm PT }$ will have  a heavy-tailed PDF  whose form is of practical interest. It is closely related to the PDF of the miniband widths  $\Gamma\sim 1/t_{\rm PT }$. We obtained the PDF$(\Gamma)$  using the cavity method for random symmetric matrices \cite{abou1973selfconsistent,cizeau1994theory,burda2007free,tarquini2016level}.

Previously cavity equations were solved only in their linearized form, i.e.,  near the localization transition. We were able to solve  the fully nonlinear cavity equations in the delocalized non-ergodic phase~\cite{IB}. We obtained boundaries of the non-ergodic phase analytically in terms of the ratio of $W/V_{\rm typ}$ and the form of  the PDF ${\mathscr P}(\Gamma)$ inside the phase.
It is given by the alpha-stable Levi distribution \cite{gnedenko1954limit,cizeau1994theory} with the tail index 1, see Fig.~\ref{fig:st-dist}
\begin{gather}
{\mathscr P}( \Sigma^{\prime\prime})=\frac{1}{C} L_{1}^{1,1}\(\frac{ \Sigma^{\prime\prime}-\Styp}{C}\)\;,\label{eq:scPIm} \\
\Styp=\mu_\Omega\Sti,\quad C=\sigma_\Omega \Sti\;.\label{eq:SC}
\end{gather}
Here $\Styp$ is a   shift  of the distribution and $C$ its scale parameter  (characteristic width) and we introduced a notation  $\Sigma_\ast^{\prime\prime}=\pi V^2_{\rm typ}/(W/M)$.
\begin{align}
\mu_\Omega & \simeq \frac{1}{\sigma_\Omega}+\frac{2\sigma_\Omega(1-\gamma_{\rm Euler})}{\pi}\;.\label{eq:mu-Omega}\\
\sigma_\Omega &=\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{4\log \Omega}}\;.\label{eq:sigmaOmega0}
\end{align}
Here $\Omega$ is the number of states in the miniband.
This number $\Omega=(\pi M V_{\rm typ}/W)^2$ is a square function of the ratio of the typical tunneling matrix element $V_{\rm typ}$ to the level separation $W/M$.

We introduce the scaling of the width of the distribution of $\epsilon_m$ with the matrix size $M$,
\begin{gather}
W= \lambda M^{\gamma/2} V_{\textrm{typ}}\,, \label{eq:param}
\end{gather}
where $\gamma$ is a real non-negative parameter that controls the scaling of the ratio of the  typical diagonal to off-diagonal matrix element $V_{\textrm{typ}}$ given in Eq.~(\ref{eq:typ}), and $\lambda$ is an auxiliary constant of order one. With this scaling ansatz we get~\cite{IB},
\begin{equation}
\Omega=\(\frac{\pi}{\lambda}\)^2 M^{2-\gamma}\;.\label{eq:Omegac}
\end{equation}

Using the above scaling ansatz (\ref{eq:param}) and  the expressions for  $\sigma_\Omega$ (\ref{eq:sigmaOmega0}) and $\mu_\Omega$ (\ref{eq:mu-Omega}) we obtain,
\begin{align}
\Styp  &\simeq \frac{2 \pi^{1/2} }{\lambda}\, V_{\rm typ} M^{1-\gamma/2} (\log \Omega)^{1/2}\;,\label{eq:shift}\\
C& \simeq \frac{\pi^{3/2}}{2\lambda}\,\,V_{\rm typ} M^{1-\gamma/2}   (\log \Omega)^{-1/2}\;.\label{eq:width}
\end{align}
The most probable  value of the miniband width is $\Gamma_{\rm typ}= V_{\rm typ}(\pi\Omega \log\Omega/4)^{1/2}$, and its characteristic dispersion
$\pi \Gamma_{\rm typ}/(4\log\Omega)$.
In a non-ergodic delocalized phase $M\gg \Omega\gg1$ and  the typical PT time $t_{\rm PT }\sim1/\Gamma_{\rm typ}$ obeys the condition
\begin{equation}
(M\log M)^{-1/2}\ll t_{\rm PT } V_{\rm typ}\sim (\Omega\log\Omega)^{-1/2} \ll 1\;.\label{eq:VMVOmega}
\end{equation}

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \includegraphics[width= 3.35in]{stable.pdf}
  \caption{Black solid line shows the plot of the  Levi alpha-stable distribution  $L_{\alpha}^{C,\beta}(x)$  \cite{cizeau1994theory}   with tail index $\alpha=1$, asymmetry  parameter $\beta=1$  and  unit scale parameter $C=1$.  Inset shows asymptotic behavior of the distribution at large positive $x$.  At  $-x \gg 1$ the function decays steeply as a double exponential,  $\log L_{1}^{1,1}(x)\propto -
 \exp(-\frac{\pi}{2} x)$.  Blue line shows the Cauchy distribution $L_{1}^{1,0}(x)=\frac{1}{\pi(1+x^2)}$.
 We follow here the definition introduced in   \cite{cizeau1994theory} and used in subsequent papers on Levi matrices in physics literature. In mathematical literature  \cite
voit2013statistical} a different definition  is usually used, corresponding to $f(x; \alpha, \beta,C^{1/\alpha},0)=L_{\alpha}^{C,\beta}(x)$. }\label{fig:st-dist}
\end{figure}

\section{\label{sec:compl} Complexity of the Population Transfer protocol}

Starting at $t=0$ from a marked state $\ket{z_j}$ the probability for the population to be transferred to other marked states is $1-\psi^{2}(z_j, t)$.
At the initial stage
the survival probability $\psi^{2}(z_j, t)$ decays exponentially with the mean decay time $1/\Gamma_{j}=1/(2 \Sigma^{\prime\prime}_j)$.

The  initial marked state $\ket{z_j}$ decays into the eigenstates $\ket{\psi_\beta}$ of the IB Hamiltonian ${\mathscr H}$ with typical energies $E_\beta$ inside the narrow interval  corresponding to the miniband associated with $\ket{z_j}$. It has width  $ \Sigma^{\prime\prime}_j$ and is centered around ${\mathscr H}_{jj}={\epsilon}_j$.  Typical classical energies ${\epsilon}$ of the bit-strings measured at the end of PT protocol will obey the probability distribution ${\mathcal P}({\epsilon}-{\epsilon}_j- \Sigma^{\prime}_j)$ where $ \Sigma^{\prime}_j$ is the self-energy shift of the marked state ${\epsilon}_j$ and ${\mathcal P}$ is the rescaled Cauchy distribution shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:st-dist} which reads~\cite{IB},
\begin{gather}
{\mathcal P}(\Sigma^\prime)=\frac {1}{\pi} \frac{\Sigma^\prime_{\rm typ}}{\left(\Sigma^\prime_{\rm typ}\right)^2+\left(\Sigma^\prime\right)^2}, \quad \Sigma^\prime_{\rm typ} = \Sigma_\ast^{\prime\prime}\sqrt{\frac{4\log M}{\pi}}.
\end{gather}

 The  success of PT protocol  is  to find a bit-string distinct from $z_j$ at a time $t$ with energy inside the window  $\Delta {\mathcal E}_{\rm cl}$ around ${\epsilon}_j$.  The  PT success time therefore equals
\begin{equation}
t_{\rm PT}^{j}= \frac{1}{2 \Sigma^{\prime\prime}_j p_{\Delta{\mathcal E}}},\quad p_{\Delta{\mathcal E}}=\int_{0}^{\Delta{\mathcal E}_{\rm cl}}{\mathcal P}\({\epsilon}- \Sigma^{\prime}_j-\frac{\Delta{\mathcal E}_{\rm cl}}{2} \)d{\epsilon}\;.\nonumber\label{eq:ptj}
\end{equation}
Here $p_{\Delta{\mathcal E}}$ is the probability of detecting a bit-string inside the target window  $\Delta {\mathcal E}_{\rm cl}$ under the condition that initial state has decayed.
Assume that the PT window is as wide as the typical miniband width, $\Delta {\mathcal E}_{\rm cl}=\Styp$.  In this case $p_{\Delta{\mathcal E}}$ differs from 1 only by a constant factor that does not depend on $M$. Therefore after a sufficiently long time a solution, a bit-string inside the PT window, is detected with finite  probability. Because the initial state  $\ket{z_j}$ is picked at random the typical  time  to success  of PT   $t_{\rm PT }\sim 1/ \Styp$ corresponds to the inverse typical  width of the miniband.   All of the states in a miniband are populated at (roughly) the same time $t_{\rm PT }$ because  the  transition rate to a subset of states on a distance $d$ away from $\ket{z_j}$ depends on $d$ very weakly. This is a result of a cancellation between the combinatorial number $\binom{n}{d}$ of states (and hence decay channels) at distance $d$ from a given marked state and the dependence of the matrix element squared on $d$, see (\ref{eq:V2}).

 We characterize the PT  by the relation between the typical success time of PT  $t_{\rm PT }$ and the number of states $\Omega$ over which the population is spread  during PT
\begin{equation}
t_{\rm PT }\sim\frac{1}{V_{\rm typ}\,\sqrt{\Omega \log\Omega}}\sim \left(\frac{2^{n}}{n \Omega \log\Omega} \right)^{1/2} e^{2\theta n}\;,\label{eq:Gr-rel}
\end{equation}
where we set $\Delta{\mathcal E}_{\rm cl}\sim \Sti$ (see discussion above).  The time $t_{\rm G}$ for the Grover algorithm for unstructured quantum search to find $\Omega$ items in a database of the size $2^n$ is $t_{\rm G}\sim (2^{n}/\Omega)^{1/2}$.
PT time $t_{\rm PT }$ scales worse than Grover time $t_{\rm G}$ by an additional exponential factor $e^{2\theta n}\simeq e^{ \frac{n}{2B_{\perp}^{2}}}$   (\ref{eq:g-exp}). At large transverse  fields $1\ll {B_\perp}={\mathcal O}(n^0)$ the scaling exponent is small $2 \theta \ll 1$.

\section{\label{sec:Grover} Comparison with the analogue  Grover search}

Inspired by the Hamiltonian version of Grover algorithm proposed in \cite{farhi1998analog} we consider the PT protocol in the IB model $H_{\rm cl}$ starting from the  ground state of $H_D$   which is a
fully symmetric state $\ket{S}=2^{-n/2}\sum_{j=1}^{n}\ket{z}$  in a computational basis. This protocol can be implemented   by adjusting  the value of transverse field ${B_\perp}$ $\approx$ 1 so that  the ground state energy of the driver is set near the center of the IB. Then we can replace the full driver with the projector on its ground state, $H_D\rightarrow -n{B_\perp}\ket{S}\bra{S}$.
The quantum evolution is described by the  Hamiltonian
\begin{equation}
H_{\rm G}=-n{B_\perp} \ket{S}\bra{S}+\sum_{j=1}^{M}{\mathcal E}(z_j)\ket{z_j}\bra{z_j}\;,\label{eq:HG}
\end{equation}
with the initial condition  $\ket{\psi(0)}=\ket{S}$.  In the case where all impurity energies are equal to each other, $\{{\mathcal E}(z_j)=-n\}_{j=1}^{M}$, and ${B_\perp}=1$ the Hamiltonian $H_{\rm G}$  is a generalization of the analog version of Grover search \cite{farhi1998analog} for the case of  $M$ target states. The system performs Rabi oscillations between the initial state $\ket{S}$ and  the state which is an equal superposition of all marked (solution)  states. Time to solution is the half-period of the oscillations, the "Grover time" $t_{\rm G}$
\begin{equation}
t_{\rm G}=\frac{\pi}{2n{B_\perp}} \sqrt{ \frac{2^n}{M}}\;.\label{eq:Grover}
\end{equation}
Hamiltonian versions of Grover search with transverse field driver whose ground state were tuned at resonance with that of the solution state were considered in~\cite{farhi2000quantum,childs2002quantum}.

We assume as before that  marked state energies   take distinct values ${\mathcal E}(z_j)=-n+{\epsilon}_j$ randomly   distributed over some  narrow  range  $W$.
We investigate the effect of systematic error in the Grover diffusion operator~\cite{grover1997quantum}. In the Hamiltonian formulation \cite{farhi1998analog}
this corresponds to the deviation from unity of the parameter ${B_\perp}$  that controls the weight of the driver in (\ref{eq:Grover}). We will define the driver error ${\epsilon}_0$ by,
\begin{equation}
{B_\perp}=1-\frac{{\epsilon}_0}{n}\;.\label{eq:e0}
\end{equation}

Assuming that $N\gg M$ one can  instead of the state $\ket{S}$ consider the  decay of the  state $\ket{0} \equiv \frac{1}{\sqrt{N-M}}\sum_{j=M+1}^{N}\ket{z_j}$, where $j\in[1,M]$ corresponds to marked states.
We use (\ref{eq:e0}) and omit constant terms and small corrections ${\mathcal O}(M/N)$ in $H_G$.  The  non-zero matrix elements  $H_{G}^{ij}=\bra{i}H_G\ket{j}$
in this subspace ${\mathscr S}$ have the form
\begin{equation}
H_{G}^{jj}={\epsilon}_j,\quad  H_{G}^{j0}= -(1-\delta_{j0})V,\quad V=n 2^{-n/2}\;,\label{eq:HijG}
\end{equation}
where  $j\in[0,M]$ and $H_{G}^{j0}=H_{G}^{0j}$.
On a time scale $t\ll1/\delta\epsilon=M/W$ much smaller than the inverse spacing of the  energies ${\epsilon}_j$
the quantum evolution with  initial condition $\ket{\psi(0)}=\ket{0}$ corresponds to the decay of the discrete state with energy ${\epsilon}_0$ into the  continuum \cite{mahan2013many} with the finite spectral width $W$ \cite{kogan2006analytic}.
We assume that
${\epsilon}_0\gg W$ while the spread of the marked state energies
 $W\lesssim V\sqrt{M}$,
so that absent driver errors, PT time  would follow a Grover-like scaling law $t\sim1/(V \sqrt{M})$.

The state $\ket{0}$ is coupled non-resonantly to a continuum with narrow bandwidth.  The   expression for the population transfer  to the marked states can be obtained  from the time-dependent perturbation theory in the parameter ${\epsilon}_0/W$
\begin{equation}
\sum_{m=1}^{M}|\psi_{m}(t)|^2=\frac{2 M V^2}{{\epsilon}_0^2}\(1-\cos({\epsilon}_0 t)\frac{\sin( Wt/2)}{W t/2}\right)\;.\nonumber
\end{equation}
Maximum transfer occurs at the time $t_0=\pi/{\epsilon}_0$ with the total transferred probability $p_0=4M V^2/{\epsilon}_0^2 $. Typical time $t_{\rm PT }\simeq t_0/p_0$ to achieve the successful population transfer to marked states involves repeating the experiment $1/p_0$ times
\begin{equation}
t_{\rm PT }=\frac{1}{\Gamma_{0}}\,\frac{\pi^2{\epsilon}_0}{W}\;,\label{eq:offres}
\end{equation}
where $\Gamma_0=2\pi V^2/(W/M)$ and the first factor in r.h.s gives the typical transfer  time in absence of driver errors. Errors increase the transfer time by a large factor ${\epsilon}_0/W$.

For  the maximum possible bandwidth  $W$ when nearly all states are populated, $W$ $\sim$ $\Gamma_0$$\sim$$V\sqrt{M}$,   the time of population transfer (\ref{eq:offres}) is

\begin{equation}
t_{\rm PT } \sim t_{\rm G} \left(t_{\rm G} {\epsilon}_0 \right)  \quad ({\epsilon}_0 \gg t_{\rm G}^{-1}\sim V\sqrt{M})\;.\label{eq:tptG}
\end{equation}
As expected, when  the driver error exceeds inverse  Grover time $1/t_{\rm G}$ the performance of analogue Grover  algorithms  (\ref{eq:HG})  degrades  relative  to $t_{\rm G}$.
 This is a direct consequence of the fact that the quantum evolution  begins from fully symmetric state which is a ground state  of the driver Hamiltonian whose energy is tuned at resonance with the marked states. In this case  the transverse field Hamiltonian driver effectively corresponds to  the projector (\ref{eq:HG}). Because the ground state is not degenerate, the resonance region is exponentially narrow ($\sim 2^{-n/2}\sqrt{M}$). This  results in the   exponential  sensitivity of the Grover algorithm performance  to the value  of driver weight. This critical behavior was studied in the work on quantum spatial search \cite{childs2004spatial} for the case of one marked state.

In contrast, in the PT protocol considered in this paper there was no need to fine-tune  the value of ${B_\perp}$ other than making  it  large, ${B_\perp}\gg1$.
This happened  because   the effective coupling between the marked states described by the down-folded Hamiltonian ${\mathscr H}$ (\ref{eq:IBH}) was not due to any one particular eigenstate of the driver (such as the state $\ket{S}$ for the Grover case). Instead this coupling was
formed due to an exponentially large (in $n$)  number of  non-resonant,  virtual  transitions between the marked states and highly  exited states  of the transverse field Hamiltonian $H_D$.  This resulted in a significant  improvement in robustness for the proposed PT relative to the analogue Grover  algorithm.

\section{Numerical simulations of population transfer}

\begin{figure}[ht]
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]
{energy_stacked_fully_connected_regular_dimers_25_00_0p2_0p32_300_12828924.pdf}
 \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{hamming_1p0_fully_connected_regular_dimers_25_00_0p2_0p32_300_12828924.pdf}
  \caption{\textit{ Left panel} shows a histogram of normalized weights of classical energies in $H_{cl}^{(2)}$. $E(H)$ is the density of states in the original Hamiltonian spectrum. The classical steepest descent (SD) distribution shows the probability of ending up in a local minimum following a steepest descent run performed greedily by single spin flips. PT histogram shows the weight of classical energies in the output wave function  following a population transfer (PT) run relative to the initial state energy (dotted black line).
The SD-PT run is the distribution of local minimum starting from a state measured from the PT state.  We note that the SD and SD-PT distributions are plotted as adjacent histograms to increase visibility of the data, but depicted bins are actually overlapping and not alternating.
\textit{ Right panel} shows the distribution of Hamming distances from the initial state for states that fall within 1 standard deviation of the energy from the peak of the population transfer (PT) distribution for several methods.
}\label{fig:PToutput}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht]
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{pairwise_hamming_1p0_fully_connected_regular_dimers_25_00_0p2_0p32_300_12828924.pdf}
 \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{ratio_fully_connected_regular_dimers_25_00_0p2_0p32_300_12828924.pdf}
  \caption{ \textit{ Left panel} shows the histogram of Hamming distance between all pairs of states within 1 standard deviation of the energy from the peak of the population transfer (PT) distribution. Hamming distances are weighted by their joint probability within the PT distribution.  The 0 hamming distance self contributions are excluded.
The even-odd pattern that is observed results from the dimer structure of the Hamiltonian and the corresponding match driver.
\textit{ Right panel} plots every local minimum with respect to single spin flips in the spectrum, which is concentrated to the low energy sector of the total Hamiltonian.  For each local minimum we depict the ratio of the probability of ending up in that local minimum when starting from the PT distribution against a uniformly random initial state.  We see that a significant fraction of states are enriched in the PT case, including the global minimum.
  }\label{fig:PTstructure}
\end{figure}

We illustrate by numerical simulations the potential of the PT subroutine for hybrid quantum-classical search and optimization algorithms. We consider a model defined by the following 2-local Hamiltonian,
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{H}=\mathcal{H}_{{\rm cl}} + \Gamma \sum_{i,j}^n  \left(
\delta_{ij}(\left| h_i\right|+1)
\sigma_i^x +
(\left| J_{ij}\right|+1)
\sigma^x_i \sigma^x_j\right),\;\; \mathcal{H}_{{\rm cl}}= \sum_{i=1}^n  h_i  \sigma_i^z +\sum_{i,j}^{n} J_{ij} \sigma^z_i \sigma_j^z, \label{eq:Hnum}
\end{equation}
where $\delta_{ij}$ is the Kronecker symbol, $J_{ij}\in \left[-1,1\right]$ and $h_i \in \left[-1,1\right]$ are uniformly distributed random numbers with finite 6-bit precision. A subset of $n/2$ bonds $\left(i,j\right)$ are chosen to be dimers, non-overlapping pairs of spins with strong ferromagnetic interactions $J_{ij}=-4$. Note that we are using "matched" driver whose strength scales with the total longitudinal field acting on a given qubit.

We simulate of $n=25$ qubit system. A single bit flip steepest descent (SD) algorithm starting from all possible bistrings identifies all local minima of a given realization of the model $\mathcal{H}_{{\rm cl}}$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq:Hnum}). Optimization of simulated annealing parameters for this type of instances suggested that SD (low temperature limit) is near optimal and therefore can serve as a proxy for hardness of finding a given bitstring, see histogram in the left panel of Fig.~\ref{fig:PToutput}. Starting from a low-energy local minimum we perform a population transfer, Hamiltonian evolution with a fixed strength of the driver strength $\Gamma=0.2$ for sufficiently long time. The quantum evolution is simulated using Trotter decomposition with 300 steps. The evolution time is chosen sufficiently long for the population transfer to approximately saturate. The histogram of weights of classical energies in the output wave function, Fig.~\ref{fig:PToutput}, shows significant weight remaining in the low energy region of the spectrum in the vicinity of the initial bitstring energy.  The PT output wave function has support on bitstrings separated from the initial state by large Hamming distances, see right panel in Fig.~\ref{fig:PToutput}. Moreover, repeated sampling from the PT output produces bitstrings separated by large Hamming distances from each other, see left panel in Fig.~\ref{fig:PTstructure}. Bitstrings sampled from the PT output wave function can be used as starting states for SD which finds some of the low energy minima with higher probability than SD initialized with uniformly random bitstrings, see right panel in Fig.~\ref{fig:PTstructure}. Therefore PT protocol provides a quantum coherent pathway  between low energy states that is complementary to SD and simulated annealing and therefore PT could potentially serve as useful subroutine in hybrid algorithms such as quantum parallel tempering.

\begin{figure}[ht]
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]
{energy_stacked_fully_connected_22_00_0p2_0p32_300_1810383.pdf}
 \includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{ratio_fully_connected_22_00_0p2_0p32_300_1810383.pdf}
  \caption{ For comparison we include the analog of Figs.~\ref{fig:PToutput} and~\ref{fig:PTstructure} (for $n=22$) for a model without dimers, where SD performs better.
}\label{fig:PToutput22nodimers}
\end{figure}

\section{\label{sec:conc}Conclusion}

We analyze the computational role of coherent multiqubit tunneling that gives rise to bands of nonergodic delocalized quantum  states as a coherent pathway for population transfer (PT) between computational states with close energies.  In this regime PT cannot be efficiently simulated by QMC.

We solve this problem  using the  following quantum population transfer (PT) protocol: prepare the system in a computational state $\ket{z_j}$ with classical energy ${\mathcal E}(z_j)$, then evolve it with the transverse-field quantum spin Hamiltonian. Classical energies ${\mathcal E}(z)$ are encoded in the problem Hamiltonian diagonal in the basis of states $\ket{z}$.
The key difference between PT protocol and QA~\cite{kadowaki1998quantum,farhi2001quantum,brooke1999quantum} or analogue quantum search Hamiltonians~\cite{farhi1998analog,childs2004spatial} is that the transverse field is kept constant throughout  the algorithm and  is not fine-tuned to any particular value.   At the final moment of PT  we
projectively measure in the computational basis and check if the
outcome $z$ is a ``solution'', i.e.,  $z \ne z_j$, and the energy
${\mathcal E}(z)$ is inside the window $\Delta {\mathcal E}_{{\rm cl}}$.

  In this paper we  analyzed PT dynamics in  Impurity Band (IB) model with a ``bimodal'' energy function: ${\mathcal E}(z)=0$  for all states  except for  $M$ ``marked''  states  $\ket{z_j}$ picked at random with energies forming a narrow band of the width $W$ separated by a large gap ${\mathcal O}(n)$ from the rest of the states.  This landscape is  similar to that in analogue Grover   search   \cite{farhi1998analog,farhi2000quantum} with multiple target states and a distribution of oracle values for the targets. The best known classical algorithm for finding another marked state has cost $O(2^n/M)$.

The PT dynamics  is described by the down-folded
$M\times M$ Hamiltonian ${\mathscr H}$ that is dense in the space of the marked states $\ket{z_j}$. The distribution of matrix elements ${\mathscr H}_{ij}$  has a heavy tail decaying as a cubic power for $V(d)\gg V_{\rm typ}$. This is a remarkable result of the competition between the very steep decay of the off-diagonal tunneling matrix element with the Hamming distance $d$, and the steep increase in the number of marked states $M_d\propto\binom{n}{d}$ at distance $d$. We emphasize that such polynomial tail in the distribution of matrix elements is only possible either in infinite dimension or in presence of long-range interactions (e.g, dipolar glass).

The dispersion of the diagonal elements  ${\mathscr H}_{jj}={\mathcal E}(z_j)$ is expected to be large, $W\sim V_{\rm typ} M^{\gamma/2} \gg V_{\rm typ} $ with $\gamma\in\left[1, 2\right]$.  In the range $1<\gamma<2$ there  exist  minibands of non-ergodic delocalized eigenstates of ${\mathscr H}$. Their  width is proportional to $1/t_{\rm PT } \ll W$.   Each miniband associated with a support set ${\mathscr S}$ over the marked states.

The distribution of miniband widths $\Gamma$  obeys alpha-stable Levi law with tail index 1. The typical value of $\Gamma$ and its  characteristic variance  exceeds the typical matrix element of ${\mathscr H}$ by  a factor $\Omega^{1/2}$ where $\Omega=(M V_{\rm typ}/W)^2$ is a size of the support set in a typical miniband.

We demonstrate that quantum PT finds another state within a target window of energies $\Omega$ in time $t_{\rm PT } \propto 2^{n/2} \Omega^{-1/2} \exp( n/(2B_\perp^2))$. The scaling exponent of $t_{\rm PT }$ with $n$ differs from that in Grover's algorithm by a factor $\propto B_\perp^{-2}$, which can be made small with large transverse fields $n \gg B_\perp^2 \gg 1$.

Crucial distinctions between this case and the Hamiltonian in the  analogue version of Grover's algorithm \cite{farhi1998analog}  for the case of multiple target states are the
non-integrability of our model, and the delocalized nature of the
eigenstates within the energy band $W$.  Furthermore, analogue
Grover's algorithm for multiple targets is  exponentially sensitive in $n$ to the
weight of the driver Hamiltonian,  and cannot be initialized with a
computational basis state.

The quantum spin Hamiltonian in  (1)  can be described using n-body, infinite-range interactions. However, it shares key properties with the infinite range spin-glass models involving only p-body interactions  at finite values of p >2 that could be implemented on a quantum computer with polynomial in n resources. The evidence of non-ergodic extended states were recently uncover numerically in the low-energy part of the spectrum of the quantum transverse field p-spin model~\cite{BaldwinLaumannPSpin2017}.

Similar to the model  (1) the low-energy part of the spectrum of transverse field p-spin model is characterized by the proliferation of statistically independent deep local minima  separated by large, O(n), number of spin flips. Model  of this type are characterized by a RSB-1 type of spin glass transition and were studied in the context of   quantum annealing~\cite{Jorg}. They represent perhaps the next step to study PT algorithms.

Finally, we analyzed numerically the PT initiated at a low energy local minimum of a 2-local spin glass model and observed that sampling PT output together with subsequent application of classical steepest descent allows exploring the energy landscape in a way complimentary to steepest descent and simulated annealing. This suggest possible use of PT as a subroutine for hybrid quantum-classical algorithms for search and optimization such as quantum paralleled tempering.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Todo Globethics.net LibraryComunidadesPor fecha de publicaciónTítulosEsta colecciónPor fecha de publicaciónTítulosProfilesView
Genital impacts Genital impacts
Luiz Felipe G Soares
Genitalia
PE1-3729
DOAJ:Languages and Literatures
PR1-9680
https://doaj.org/article/b810350285114ab685650802808e480a
I propose to analyze three images of genitalia from three different films that do not have sex as their central subject: (1) Lígia's (Leona Cavalli's) vulva in Claudio Assis's Amarelo Manga (Brazil, 2002), (2) Stoffer's (Jens Albinus's) erect penis in Lars von Trier's The Idiots (Denmark, 1998), and (3) transsexual Dil's (Jaye Davidson's) penis in Neil Jordan's The Crying Game (USA, 1992). All three images are explicit and surprising enough to provoke impact, both in diegetic and extra-diagetic spaces. intend to compare the three images and investigate the nature of their impacts, not directly in terms of morality, but in their relation with two theoretical assumptions: (1) the intense way in which, according to Linda Nicholson (1999), so many cultures insist in interpreting bodies and genitalia as still capable of defining gender characters, and (2) the notion of image, not as representation, but as image itself, as "what it is", or as "the place of every transformation in the universe", as suggested first by Bergson (2005), and then by Deleuze (1983-5), Rancière (2001) and Agamben (1995). The Deleuzean retard may indicate the way in which genitalia, as image, turn into enigma, in the very passage from nature to culture. The three shots give back to those clear images of genitalia the property they have always had: their character of central pieces in the game of such passage. The contrast between such simple and clear images and all those complex games corresponds to the nature of the impact I want to investigate. film; genitalia; narrative. I propose to analyze three images of genitalia from three different films that do not have sex as their central subject: (1) Lígia's (Leona Cavalli's) vulva in Claudio Assis's Amarelo Manga (Brazil, 2002), (2) Stoffer's (Jens Albinus's) erect penis in Lars von Trier's The Idiots (Denmark, 1998), and (3) transsexual Dil's (Jaye Davidson's) penis in Neil Jordan's The Crying Game (USA, 1992). All three images are explicit and surprising enough to provoke impact, both in diegetic and extra-diagetic spaces. intend to compare the three images and investigate the nature of their impacts, not directly in terms of morality, but in their relation with two theoretical assumptions: (1) the intense way in which, according to Linda Nicholson (1999), so many cultures insist in interpreting bodies and genitalia as still capable of defining gender characters, and (2) the notion of image, not as representation, but as image itself, as "what it is", or as "the place of every transformation in the universe", as suggested first by Bergson (2005), and then by Deleuze (1983-5), Rancière (2001) and Agamben (1995). The Deleuzean retard may indicate the way in which genitalia, as image, turn into enigma, in the very passage from nature to culture. The three shots give back to those clear images of genitalia the property they have always had: their character of central pieces in the game of such passage. The contrast between such simple and clear images and all those complex games corresponds to the nature of the impact I want to investigate. film; genitalia; narrative.
oai:doaj.org/article:b810350285114ab685650802808e480a
Quick Guide | Contacto

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Charlottesville Ballet Academy presents its annual First Steps Division Showcase on Saturday, May 18! Come celebrate the accomplishments of our youngest dancers as they present small excerpts of what they have learned this year!
Join us "up front" in the CB Studio Theatre for a celebration of spring with wine, hors d'oeuvres, and dance! Charlottesville Ballet presents an exclusive performance featuring exciting new works and family favorites from the CB repertory. Swing into spring in good cheer with Charlottesville Ballet and event sponsor The Shebeen Pub & Braai.
A Fairy Tale Gathering is a spectacular interactive ballet that's specially designed for young children and families! Created by Charlottesville Ballet Co-Director Emily Hartka, the original production brings together some of ballet's most famous stars for an enchanting afternoon tea party.
Meet Cinderella as she dreams of the ball. Help the Prince wake up his Sleeping Beauty. Look for Snow White, Little Red Riding Hood, and the Sugar Plum Fairy. The show also features "Seven Dwarfs" and some furry friends played by students from Charlottesville Ballet Academy. Don't miss these characters and more in this interactive 45-minute performance!
Also join us for exclusive Fairy Tale Tea Parties!
Join us for a season preview performance and salute our veterans and members of the armed forces with a wine & hors d'oeuvres celebration sponsored by The Shebeen Pub & Braai. The intimate performance includes the restaging of audience favorite "Letter To My Love" by Rainey Lacey Jarrell as well as other exciting sneak peeks from the 2017-2018 season. Celebrate with an evening of wine, hors d'oeuvres, and dance!
†"Letter To My Love," by Rainey Jarrell (Atlanta, GA), honors military veterans and their families who served in World War II. Take a "Sentimental Journey" through a time period that inspired many women to join the workforce and become the now-legendary Rosie the Riveters. Watch as our Rosies live through the joys and trials of such an impactful time period. The piece includes music by Rosemary Clooney, Vera Lynn, the Glenn Miller Orchestra, and many other favorites from the Big Band era.


Bright colors, appealing graphics, and easy-to-grasp, chunky wooden pieces that fit easily into a wooden tray make Ship an inviting first puzzle.
The benefits of puzzles are well documented. Putting together a puzzle develops cognitive, eye-hand coordination, fine motor, and spatial skills. The process of figuring out how the pieces go together involves problem solving, persistence, and patience and builds self esteem. Working cooperatively on a puzzle develops social skills. Ship, a 4-piece puzzle in a 6″ square wooden tray, is one in a collection of three traditional wooden block puzzles. The others, sold separately, are Car and Ladybug.


text:
Fever Chart: St. Ann's Rangers - Defence Force FC | 2011-12 DIGICEL PRO LEAGUE
Teams: Choose Team San Juan Jabloteh Morvant Caledonia United W Connection Defence Force FC St. Ann's Rangers Police FC North East Stars F.C. T&TEC Choose Team San Juan Jabloteh Morvant Caledonia United W Connection Defence Force FC St. Ann's Rangers Police FC North East Stars F.C. T&TEC


REDD's overall performance vastly improved from previous weeks. The armies contended for Countdown heavily, and REDD walked away with 40% of the wins on the map, more than they've had on any previous Battle this war.
Even on Anchor 9, while BLUE edged away the victories, numerous games were close and both sides fought hard.
There were a lot of very close and intense games. I hope everyone had fun and enjoyed it!
The REDD forces have attempted to flank the Brotherhood troops by attacking Countdown in the north. Will they be able to conquer BLUE territory for the first time this war, or will BLUE continue there march toward Tritan?
There will NOT be a livestream tonight!
Attack Plans were posted on 8 February 2012, at 12:17 AM EST.


text:
A progressive analysis of politics and the arts.
Regular Team
Inter|national
REVIEW: BETTER WATCH YOUR MOUTH, BY JENN HART
Posted on May 24, 2017 by Norwich Radical	in Arts and tagged artivism, better watch your mouth, book, Burning Eye Books, chapbook, collection, family, feminism, gender, growing up, imagery, Jenn Hart, language, performance, poems, poet, poetry, politics, reading, review, spoken word, ugh men, women, women writers, writing.
by Carmina Masoliver
The cover of Better Watch Your Mouth displays a set of lips and teeth pulling the kind of expression you would make after being told such a thing. It suggests an unapologetic rejection of censorship, which is later reflected in the poem 'Ugh, Men' with the statement 'we will not censor ourselves (x3)'.
This is a collection that mixes everyday language with profound metaphor, and beautiful imagery with emotive stories. It begins with the telling of others' stories and gradually becomes more personal, yet in a way that is also relatable, as time skips back and forth like the mind floating back to memories, some singed with pain and others with nostalgia.
What I love about Jenn Hart's poetry is that she is not afraid to speak out, and she empowers other women by her ability to do so. It is important that we see and hear and read women like Hart, and to see them accepted into the wider world, refusing to not be accepted. For those who are familiar with Hart's poetry from stages across the UK, with poems like Let Loose, Lucy, this collection offers something with the same spirit, but with more lines you want to read over, people who you want to work out, metaphors you want to unpack.
Although I wasn't familiar with 'Adelaide Adams', I was captivated by its use of simile and sensory imagery, and the evocation of the past with references to 'my sweetheart', the Charleston, when 'roaring meant whiskey-sick souls, not / the dinnertime war cries'. It has killer lines like 'my children are hypothetical' and 'I smoke in my mother's chair / and count the cup rings on her table', which give the poem a timeless feel, with the sad reality that some of the problems women face go unchanged.
In 'Catawba', Hart appears to use the symbol of a tree attitudes towards immigrants in Britain, through a series of beautiful descriptions such as 'moon paprika-red' and 'magnolia popcorn' until its bitter end:
cut so clean
from the stump it left
when the hard-hat said
my bean tree was no native
and slices through its neck.
This poem, followed by For Uncle, give the collection an emotional intensity that connects the past to the present, and weaves personal stories with deal with love and loss, with others that are thematically linked, but with a political edge. Often they are building to the last line, the realisation 'that this was the last goodbye.' In a similar vein to 'Adelaide Adams', the poem titled 'Lydia Bennet's Cottage' takes an existing character and tells their story through poetry. Again, it is a tale of goodbyes, and uses extended metaphors of flowers, empowering the character through her tragedy:
will not sink her roots into the mattress
like before, on her belly – seedless.
The prose poem '04/07/2008' is deliberately reminiscent of a diary entry, offering circularity in its hitchhiker simile, recounting the details of a meeting with an absent father. At times it is matter-of-fact, and yet the words perfectly chosen to pinpoint the eagerness, the resentment, the hopelessness. It is a poem of double entendre, such as 'keeping a promise to your youngest sons', which inevitably provokes thoughts about those that have been broken.
This loss of hope spills into 'Life at the Manor', where this is a clear breakdown in communication, where you can almost hear the silence around the 'sounds on the landing / trying to guess whose feet the thuds belong to.' Looking closer, the house itself could even be a metaphor, where the room 'cold and lightless' could indicate a mental health condition. Hart writes 'when I moved in and I tried everything / to make it brighter.' This illustrates how painful it can be when someone is suffering and you are unable to help, to the point where she states 'it made me sick', which, though a colloquial expression, could also refer to the fact that there is a higher risk of developing a mental health problem when in a relationship with someone with an existing illness.
( Photo by Jenn Hart )
It is with 'Ugh, Men' that Hart's punk roots come through, with a tale of friendship and festivals, and an obsession with 'filling other people's shoes.' It presents the idea of change and growth through the refusal to wear shoes, seamlessly addressing issues within Feminism and appearances, with the references to ticking 'gender boxes' and a future VICE article that Hart predicts will focus on Feminism, forgetting 'the parts / that make us people' as so often is the case when writing about women as Feminists, which is essentially another shoe horned onto us.
'Wednesday' gives more of a glimpse on the Feminist as a person rather than an archetype, referencing bands and the 'quiet joy' of listening to music when travelling through city streets, where the physical movement of the bus mirrors that of the song playing, with allusions 'when it falls' and 'at its peak'. The following poems seem to evoke the past, but this time a personal one. The relationship described in 'Poached' suggests adolescence, filled with the hedonism of ketamine, 'tricks picked up / in my magazine' and ultimately, being degraded to a position 'beneath your feet now.' Although older, '83A Gordon Avenue, Circa 2009' is reminiscent of university digs where 'we insist our authenticity with a front door key / and our names stuck above the doorbell.' This poem is also a great example of Hart's use of internal rhyme and assonance, which is employed naturally and effectively.
t times it is matter-of-fact, and yet the words perfectly chosen to pinpoint the eagerness, the resentment, the hopelessness.
Again, reminiscing in 'Mansfield and Woolf: A Letter Never Sent', Hart repeats questions, echoing a hopeful 'Remember…?' There is a sense of melancholy and loss, of questions unanswered, for friendship, but also for a time where you could spend your days reading and writing, and drinking 'with hearts as empty as wine bottles'. At the end, it acknowledges this privileged time 'with education and rooms / we didn't have to fight for.' In 'Coral Roads', Hart expands on this desire to write, to be a 'warrior', and the need for a hand 'to hold to cross the road', to get through the days where you tell yourself 'Go back to bed, let TV tell your stories.'
This debut chapbook will have Jenn Hart become one of your favourite writers, and at little over 30 pages, it's just not enough. For now, we can bend back the pages of this book, see her on stages instead, and eagerly await her full-length collection.
You can buy the book from Burning Eye Books for £6.99.
Featured image via Jenn Hart on Twitter
The Norwich Radical is non-profit and run by volunteers. All funds raised help cover the maintenance costs of our website, as well as contributing towards future projects and events. Please consider making a small contribution and fund a better media future.
← CREATIVE & PROGRESSIVE VOICES – STUDENTS AND THE ELECTION #3
REVIEW: BUTTERFLIES, THE DEBUT ALBUM FROM ZAIA →
Subscribe to our monthly newsletter here.
Support the Radical
The Norwich Radical is non-profit and run by volunteers. All funds raised help cover the maintenance costs of our website, as well as contributing towards future projects.


We're an Emerging Music and Entertainment Magazine both Online and in Print on a Quarterly basis — we're focusing on being a positive impact on the community against the Drama and the hype.
We're focusing on the good things Entertainers are doing around the world instead of the negative things happening all the time.
We all love a good story. We all love the Underdog who comes out on top in the end. It's going to be hard, but we know that.
Good Music? It's a GIVEN.
Good Vibes? It's a GIVEN.
Big Dreams? It's a GIVEN.
Big Goals? It's a GIVEN.
We'll be launching our first PRINT issue December 2018.


Brewers reliever Matt Wise will undergo season ending surgery on his sore right elbow this week sometime. Wise hasn't pitched for the Brewers since August 13th after experiencing pain in his elbow. Wise will be able to begin his rehab with the Brewers later this month and will be ready for the start of spring training.


A building, which stood on the left side of the site until a few years ago, was in a very bad state and has been stripped down to the wooden framework. They plan to 'restore' it as well. The building standing at the back, which Batkhaan claims was the Tsogchin temple, is the biggest on the site but in a very bad state of repair. On either side of its entrance two original Chinese style wall paintings are still visible. The painting on the left side can be made out relatively well, the right hand side one is in a very bad condition. Chinese script and ornamentation decorate the façade of this building. According to Batkhaan after the purges in the late 1930s, the complex was used as a hospital, then, as a prison for Japanese prisoners of war. However, it is not clear that he was referring to the two remaining buildings on this site or to what he had read or heard about Geser süm. At present there are two yurts between the ruined buildings. One acts as the present temple, the other is the residence for the guard. At the north side of the bigger building, there is a new stupa built in 2005. NOTE in 2011: the old buildings have begun to be pulled down.
All data on this temple is kindly provided by Kristina Teleki and Zsuzsa Majer who retain copyright. See relevant section in Survey of Active Buddhist Temples in Ulaanbaatar in 2005 – 2006 with some annotations in 2007 and 2011 Survey conducted by: Zsuzsa Majer, Krisztina Teleki Budapest, Hungary. Ulaanbaatar 2006, 2007, with some revisions in 2011. Also see UB 26 AM.pdf for details on this temple.


Gaël Labousse used TouchDesigner and Blender to let tweets drive a real-time animation.
I am pleased to present my first project on TouchDesigner software. 3D animation (only the architecture) was made with Blender and Cycles.
Pheromones is an experimental project created in three weeks. It questions the role of the tweet in an interactive animated film, highlighting the development of the power of "society human scale."
A python script makes a request on the twitter account of the project , and transmits the information in real time to TouchDesigner, which translates Tweets into geometries, materials, colors or render passes.
A second python script allows to integrate the camera and animation from Blender to TouchDesigner. It is thus possible to integrate real time interactive 3D objects in a precalculated animation.


Home Find Suppliers Lotus International Trading Co. Ltd.
Buyers from Angola, United Arab Emirates, India and Pakistan recently contacted this member.
This profile was recently viewed by visitors from United States, China, Netherlands, Nigeria and France.
Manager, Lotus International Trading Co. Ltd.


Help us Combat Fish Theft The Angling Trust is working with the Environment Agency in the South East to run a Voluntary Bailiff Service. We want to prove that well trained volunteers can have key part to play in stopping illegal fishing, poaching and fish theft. We then hope to roll the scheme out right round the country. If you want to get involved just click the image above.
This section gives you an overview of how The Angling Trust operates in the East of England Region.
The Angling Trust East Of England Forum is an open meeting which is held four times a year and provides an opportunity for fishing clubs, associations, individual anglers and all who care about angling a chance to feedback their views to both the Angling Trust and the Environment Agency on a range of important subjects. This is your opportunity to influence the decisions, strategies and help identify common issues that impact angling across the region. The Forum will also allow anglers and clubs the opportunity to get involved in local projects and initiatives.
If you would like to access the Annual Report for your region please click the link below.


text:
The Kalamazoo Tornado of 1980 struck downtown Kalamazoo, Michigan, on May 13, 1980. The tornado, which touched down at 4:09 pm, was rated F3 on the Fujita scale. The tornado killed 5 people and injured 79. Damage was estimated at $50,000,000.
The left a wide path of destruction through residential neighborhoods and downtown businesses. More than 1,200 people were displaced from their homes, according to the May 14, 1980 edition of the Kalamazoo Gazette.
The widespread destruction prompted then-Michigan Gov. William Milliken to declare Kalamazoo in a state of emergency, which resulted in a temporary 9 p.m. to 7 a.m. curfew for local residents and sent a team of 231 state police to the city to help local law enforcement and volunteers.
The damage prompted Milliken to liken Kalamazoo to a "bombed-out city" while he toured the city after the storm subsided that evening.
If you choose "pickup at Kalamazoo Sportswear" at time of checkout we'll either call you or send an e-mail when it's completed and ready for pickup.
Kalamazoo Tornado Survivor
KZOO SHOP
GROUPS & NONPROFITS
BUSINESS MARKETPLACE
SCHOOL STORES
CATALOGS & PRICING
©2020 Kalamazoo Sportswear & Regalia, LLC


text:
Лигър е хибрид между мъжки лъв (Panthera leo) и женски тигър (Panthera tigris). Според научната класификация се причислява към род Пантери, поради принадлежността на родителите към този род. На външен вид прилича на гигантски лъв, с шарки като при тигър. За разлика от лъвовете лигрите обичат да плуват, подобно на същинските тигри.

Забележка: Кръстоската между мъжки тигър и женски лъв се нарича тигон.

Познатите лигри, съществуват благодарение на човешка намеса, или поради съзнателно кръстосване, или поради съвместното отглеждане на лъвове и тигри в ограничени пространства. В естествени условия, тигрите и лъвовете не обитават припокриващи се територии (двата вида съществуват съвместно в Индия, но обитават различни региони). Има наблюдения на копулация между тигри и лъвове, но няма потвърдени факти за естествени кръстоски.

Размер
Лигрите са много по-големи от тигрите или лъвовете. Този феномен се обяснява с факта, че генът, отговорен за ограничаване на растежа при лъвовете, се наследява от женското животно като противодействие на мъжкия ген за стимулиране на растежа. На дължина мъжките екземпляри достигат до 335 cm, а на тегло от 360 до 500 кг и повече (рекордът е на южноафрикански лигър, тежащ 798 кг, живял в Блюменфонтен Зоо в края на 19 век), женските достигат на дължина до 3 – 3,1 m, а на тегло до 320 кг. Височината в холката на мъжкия е 190 – 212 cm, а на женската около 170 cm.

Мъжкият лъв трябва да бъде с големи размери, за да може да защитава прайда си от по-младите конкурентни лъвове и успешно да предава гените си в поколението. Затова и в прайда с множество възрастни мъжки лъвове, малките трябва да растат по-бързо от конкурентите си, за да оцелеят. Лъвиците имат до 5 малки лъвчета, но всяко едно се радва както на грижи от своята майка, така и на защита от целия прайд. Това дава достатъчно добри шансове за оцеляване. Младото лъвче започва да се грижи за себе си в по-късна възраст, а малкият размер е благоприятен фактор за прайда и за грижите от страна на майката. Лимитиращият фактор се предава по майчина линия, а това обяснява създаването на ген за ограничаване на растежа именно в женските индивиди.

Мъжките тигри не се състезават пряко за женската, каквато е ситуацията при лъвовете. Тигрицата копулира само с един тигър през един размножителен период, затова и статистическата възможност за по-голямо поколение е по-малка в сравнение с лъвовете. Също така тигрицата ражда по-малко на брой тигърчета, които поради аскетичния начин на живот на тигрите имат по-ниски шансове за оцеляване. Затова размерът е от съществено значение за оцеляването и в еволюцията не се е наложила необходимост от ген за потискане на растежа.

Лигърът, като потомък на майка тигрица и баща лъв, комбинира ген за стимулиране на растежа, без да притежава ген за потискане и затова достига значителни размери. Явлението се нарича растежна дисплазия.

Друга хипотеза гласи, че има фактори извън генетичните, обясняващи абнормалния размер. В подкрепа може да се посочи, че само женските лигри, но не и тигрони стават големи (поради наличието на две женски хромозоми, и следоватлено липса на мъжко влияние, феноменът е необясним с генетика при тигроните).

Съществува и още една хипотеза за обяснение на размера, произтичаща от взаимодействието между плода, носещ гени на лъв, и утробата на майката, произвеждаща хормони на тигър. Хормоните могат да отключват растеж, който е по-слабо контролиран в по-късен етап.

Плодовитост
Мъжките лигри са стерилни. Много от тях достигат полова зрялост и копулират с тигрици, лъвици или женски лигри, но без създаване на потомство ("Animal Life and the World of Nature" (1902), A. H. Bryden).

Женските индивиди често са фертилни и могат да се сношават както с тигри, и да раждат тилигри, така и с лъвове, и в този случай да раждат лилигри. По програма за изследване на поведението в САЩ е отглеждан женски тилигър, наричан Лейди Кали – на 2-годишна възраст е тежал около 180 кг.

Лигрите могат да показват емоционална и поведенческа нестабилност, поради своя смесен произход.

Обясненито на проблемите в поведението е в наследството от родителите. Лигърът проявява конфликт между социалното поведение на лъв и индивидуалността на тигър. Наследството от лъва го тласка към формиране на социални групи, но наследството от тигъра го прави нетолерантен към себеподобни. Опонентите на изкуственото кръстосване, посочват, че това може да предизвика объркване и депресия, особено след достигане на половата зрялост. Каква част от поведението е резултат на противоположните инстинкти и каква е резултат от абнормални хормони или от стреса при условията на отглеждане е предмет на спор.

Окраска
Лигрите имат тигровиден оттенък върху иначе лъвското жълтеникавокафяво тяло. В допълнение могат да се забелязват и розетки от лъвския щрих (малките лъвчета имат розетки, които могат да се запазят и в по-късна възраст), на цвят черни, тъмнокафяви или пясъчно жълти. Фонът е типичния за лъва жълтеникав до жълтокафяв. Подобно на тигрите долните части на тялото са по-бледи. Специфичният оттенък и цвят на всяко животно зависи от подвидовата принадлежност на родителите.

Бели тигри, кръстосани с лъвове дават в поколението бели или по-скоро много бледо жълти лигри. На теория, при кръстосването на бели тигри и бели лъвове може да се получат бели лигри, които да не притежават тигрови шарки. Черен лигър би се получил, ако се хибридизират меланистични (много тъмни) тигри и меланистични лъвове. Проблемът е, че черни тигри се наблюдават изключително рядко, а за лъвове няма известни наблюдения. Синият (Малтийски) тигър е напът да изчезне, което прави невъзможно създаването на сини или сиви лигри.

Известни лигри
 Лигър, на име Хобс, се отглежда в Невада, САЩ (Sierra Safari Zoo, Reno, Nevada, USA). Той е поколение на африкански лъв и бенгалски тигър. Според зоологическата градина "той реве като лъв и плува като тигър. Със сигурност е котка в същността си. Обича да играе и въпреки невероятните си размери се движи тихо, точно като всяка друга котка". На тегло е около 450 кг, почти два пъти колкото най-голямата известна котка – мъжки сибирски тигър.

 Лигър, на име Патрик, в резервата Shambala. На тегло е около 360 кг. Притежава златиста окраска с малко по-тъмни златисти шарки, скромна грива приличаща на тигровата яка. Патрик е роден през 1990 в Deer Path Animal Haven, Илинойс, САЩ, но след закриването през 1998 е преместен в резервата Shambala.

 През април 2005 във Виго, Северозападна Испания, в италиански цирк е роден лигър, на име Самил. Отначало е бил наричан погрешно тигрон, но той е същински лигър, тъй като е роден от майка тигрица и баща лъв.

Външни препратки
 Hercules the Liger
 More pictures of Hercules

Хибриди на семейство Коткови

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


"State Research Guide: West Virginia," Family Tree Magazine, January 2008.
Basics of Genealogy Reference: A Librarian's Guide, by Jack Simpson.
Census Book: A Genealogist's Guide to Federal Census Facts, Schedules and Indexes, The, by William Dollarhide, 2000.
Finding a Place Called Home: Guide to African American Genealogy and Historical Identity, by Dee Parmer Woodtor, 1999.
The Four Goff Brothers of West Virginia, by Phillip G. Goff and Roy L. Lockhart, 2003.
From a Whirlpool of Death...to Victory: Civil War Remembrances of Jesse Tyler Sturm.
The Historical Atlas of West Virginia, by Frank S. Riddel, 2008.
An Introduction to West Virginia Ethnic Communities.
The Poor Farm of Pendleton County, West Virginia: A History, by William D. Rexroad, Dolphin Publications, 2009.
Legacy: A Step-by-Step Guide to Writing Personal History, by Linda Spence, 1997.
My History is America's History: 15 Things you Can Do to Save America's Stories, The National Endowment for the Humanities in partnership with The White House Millennium Council, 1999.
The West Virginia National Guard 1898-1919, by Brian Kesterson, 2009.
"Visions of the Past": A Journey by Phyllis Preston Jarrett.
Missing Links: A Magazine for Genealogists, and Somebody's Links: Genealogical Treasures Found.
Family Chronicle: The Magazine for Family Research and Roots.
Between the Shenandoah & the Potomac: A Visual History of Jefferson County, WV.
Why U Can't Find Your Ancestors: Misspeld Knames A Commun Probblem for Reeserchors, RootsWeb Guide.


text:
The Tampa Bay Buccaneers' new women's initiative comes off a bit ... sexist
Tampa Bay quarterback Jameis Winston signs autographs for fans after a Buccaneers training camp practice on Aug. 2, 2015.
(Chris OMeara / Associated Press)
By Matt Wilhalme
The Tampa Bay Buccaneers on Thursday introduced a new way to garner the attention of more female NFL fans: make them angry.
The "RED" women's movement initiative appears to have been made in good faith, with the Bucs seeking new ways to connect with their fan base and tap into new revenue streams, but it immediately plays into old stereotypes.
In inviting women to a special event featuring a talk from General Manager Jason Licht, the Buccaneers help women learn to incorporate the team into their other "lifestyle interests, such as tailgating and home entertaining."
That part, of course, comes after they receive "game-day style tips" from local experts.
Not only do they generalize, they also get insulting.
The "RED Term of the Week" is "Play Clock," in which the team explains in simple terms that "during the course of a game, announcers, fans, players and coaches will likely use the term 'play clock' more than once."
Oh, interesting.
What's more, "the play clock actually has nothing to do with the game clock (the 60 minutes of play divided up into four, 15-minute quarters) at all."
The more you know, right?
This amusing effort to recruit women as die-hard Bucs' fans follows Tampa Bay's drafting of Florida State quarterback Jameis Winston, whose career as a Seminole was marked by an accusation of rape, a two-quarter suspension for yelling an inappropriate sexual phrase on campus and that whole crab leg incident.
Follow Matt Wilhalme on Twitter @mattwilhalme
Keith Thurman ready to prove himself again, while Manny Pacquiao has extra motivation
Keith Thurman has fought only once since 2017, but he insisted he won't be rusty against Manny Pacquiao in a welterweight title fight Saturday in Las Vegas.
Bryce Harper delivers walk-off double as Phillies down Dodgers
After Matt Beaty homered to put the Dodgers ahead in the top of the ninth, Bryce Harper finished off a Phillies rally against Kenley Jansen with a two-run double.
Angels veteran Albert Pujols an asset on the bases despite lacking speed
Angels veteran Albert Pujols ran through a stop sign and scored an insurance run Monday, another example of his ability to make a differences on the bases at 39.
Arsenal and Bayern Munich meet at Dignity Health Sports Park in preseason tuneup
The match between Bayern Munich and Arsenal is part of the seventh International Champions Cup, a nationwide series of 11 preseason friendlies featuring seven iconic European teams.


Hand-crafted by skilled artisans, the Martine Sofa by Ottiu combines the finest materials with Hollywood glamour. Inspired by Bond girl, Martine Carol, the striking seat is upholstered in red satin with plush cushions and a contoured backrest. Complemented by polished brass feet, the Martine sofa has a mid-century modern feel with a Parisian elegance. Part of the Century Collection, this statement design works beautifully in both modern and period properties. Style with opulent flocked wallpaper and eclectic textiles for a chic French look or with neutral paint and metallic accessories for a contemporary aesthetic. Get in touch with our team for bespoke options.
Priced for Upholstery: Ottiu Fabric. Structure: Pinewood, polished brass legs. Details: Satin cushions.


Swing music has brought a lot of good things to me in the last couple of years. I have had many DJ bookings for playing Electro Swing , I have had a lot of fun nights with awesome people and I have gotten to know a lot of great music. This is more than enough reason to declare:"Le Swing is King" – and dedicate a new mix to the king.
It has been almost three years since I interviewed incontrol, and while I haven't spoken to him in the meantime I do have the impression that he has also been treated well by Le Swing. His latest cooperation with Wolfgang Lohr is pure dancefloor gold and one of my recent favorites.
Another one of my recent favorites is Dutty Moonshine's collaboration with Mr.B The Gentleman Rhymer. This gentleman has developed his own style called "Chap Hop" which sounds more or less like the very, very oldschool british version of HipHop. This collaboration is one of the most dynamic Electro Swing tracks I have heard so far and it has become a track that I played in almost all of my recent club sets.
I would also like to highlight the track "Jayjay" by La Rochelle Band that has been released on Parov Stelar's label Etage Noir. This one's not a typical Electro Swing track, but more influenced by Ska and Jazz. Very bouncy tune, also one of my recent favorites.
I decided to close the mix with two tracks that might remind you of your childhood: "Can the Frog Tap Dance" is a remix of the classic Muppets theme, and Jamie Berry delivers a swinging version of the Super Mario theme that will certainly make you smile.


A life-sized 'Silent Soldier' silhouette was unveiled at the front of Aylesbury Vale District Council's offices yesterday (Thursday).
The silhouette has been put in place to mark the final year of the World War One centenary, and is a way for members of the public to say 'thank you' to the First World War generation who served, sacrificed, rebuilt and changed the nation.
The unveiling of the silhouette took place at The Gateway yesterday and the ceremony featured contributions from 12 cadets, two standard bearers and a trumpet/bugle player who helped bring prestige, colour and music to the remembrance service which was attended by members of the public, Royal British Legion volunteers, district council employees and councillors.
District council chairman Cllr Sue Renshell said: "I'm proud to have been part of the unveiling of the Silent Soldier silhouette outside our Gateway offices.
The silhouette has at its base the words 'Lest we Forget' and will remain prominently displayed outside the council offices for the next few months.


Day 20! This video blog was intended to reminisce over 35 years but much to my surprise, it's become a period of great personal growth as I am reminded of successes I can take pride in and failures I can correct and learn from. Learned so much by your insightful feedback and willingness to join in the conversation. I think today can be one that stands out for you and others so please feel free to share!


Atlanta season 1 is a TV series the events of which are taking place in the locations of Atlanta. The major characters are two cousins who are a little bit lazy and doing nothing, but nevertheless having the dream in the heart. The sense of this dream is to get to the top of the hip-hop community, declare about oneself to the whole country and countryside, thus proving to themselves that they are not that lost as one could have thought. However, while being joined by the common finish, the guy have quite different understanding of either the art itself or the ways and essence of the commercialization of the music career. In Atlanta season 1 the viewers will find out more about the future destiny of the major characters.


text:
Q: JQuery Tidy Up Code Am using a bit of javascript to animate an a class within a div class.
$(".previouscontainer").mouseenter(function(){
    $("a.previousarrow").animate({left:'0px'},"fast");
  });
$(".previouscontainer").mouseleave(function(){
    $("a.previousarrow").animate({left:'10px'},"fast");
  });
$(".nextcontainer").mouseenter(function(){
    $("a.nextarrow").animate({right:'0px'},"fast");
  });
$(".nextcontainer").mouseleave(function(){
    $("a.nextarrow").animate({right:'10px'},"fast");
  });

Was wondering whether there is a better/cleaner way to write this?

A: You can chain them.
$(".previouscontainer").mouseenter(function(){
    $("a.previousarrow").animate({left:'0px'},"fast");
  }).mouseleave(function(){
    $("a.previousarrow").animate({left:'10px'},"fast");
  });
$(".nextcontainer").mouseenter(function(){
    $("a.nextarrow").animate({right:'0px'},"fast");
  }).mouseleave(function(){
    $("a.nextarrow").animate({right:'10px'},"fast");
  });

or use hover which takes both functions
$(".previouscontainer").hover(function(){
    $("a.previousarrow").animate({left:'0px'},"fast");
  },function(){
    $("a.previousarrow").animate({left:'10px'},"fast");
  });
$(".nextcontainer").hover(function(){
    $("a.nextarrow").animate({right:'0px'},"fast");
  },function(){
    $("a.nextarrow").animate({right:'10px'},"fast");
  });

Or you can go mad and create your own event
$("a.previousarrow").on('moveme', function(){
    if ($(this).css('left')>0) $(this).animate({left:'0px'},"fast");
    else $(this).animate({left:'10px'},"fast");
});

if you need to bind it to various actions that can't be in the same selector
$(".previouscontainer").on('mouseover mouseleave', function(){
    $("a.previousarrow").trigger('moveme');
});

$('#somethingelse').on('click', function(){
    $("a.previousarrow").trigger('moveme');
});

There are other ways to swing this cat. .hover() is the most sensible.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Lo sport in Abruzzo si è sviluppato in maniera professionistica solamente dal secondo dopoguerra, con la notevole eccezione della manifestazione sportiva della Coppa Acerbo, gara automobilistica tenuta in un circuito cittadino fra Pescara, Montesilvano e Spoltore dal 1924 al 1961. La vocazione sportiva è radicata in tutta la regione, con alcune eccellenze locali in particolare nelle discipline del calcio a 5 e della pallanuoto nella provincia di Pescara, della pallamano e della pallacanestro in provincia di Teramo e del rugby e del pattinaggio nella provincia dell'Aquila, mentre fra le diverse catene montuose dell'Appennino centrale che attraversano la regione negli anni si sono sviluppate numerose stazioni sciistiche, spesso sede di eventi sportivi anche internazionali.

Principali successi
A livello individuale sono diversi i campioni del mondo abruzzesi, nelle varie discipline:

 Armando Capannolo (L'Aquila) nel pattinaggio corsa
 Gregorio Duggento (L'Aquila) nel pattinaggio corsa
 Rocky Mattioli (Ripa Teatina) nel pugilato, campione mondiale WBC categoria pesi medi dal 1977 al 1979
Corrado Ruggeri (L'Aquila) nel pattinaggio corsa
Debora Sbei (Giulianova) nel pattinaggio artistico a rotelle

Gabriele Tarquini (Giulianova) campione mondiale del campionato del mondo turismo nel 2009 e del FIA World Touring Car Cup nel 2018
 Jarno Trulli (Pescara) campione mondiale della Formula K 1991
Elsa Epifani (Lanciano) campione del mondo nel Karate WSF Shotokan nel 2019
Antonio Tartaglia (Casalbordino) uno dei due campioni olimpici di Nagano 1998 nel bob a due

Hanno vinto invece titoli nazionali o europei:

 Danilo Di Luca (Spoltore) nel ciclismo, vincitore del Giro d'Italia 2007
 Gianpiero Contestabile (Avezzano) nel pugilato, vincitore titolo nazionale pesi piuma nel 2008e campione europeo nel 2011 nella stessa categoria
Nicholas D'Addario Spinelli (Città Sant'Angelo) nel motociclismo, vincitore del Campionato Italiano Velocità Moto 3 nel 2019
Gaia Sabbatini (Teramo) campionessa nazionale nei 1500 metri ai Campionati italiani assoluti di atletica leggera indoor del 2020 e campionessa europea nei 1500 metri ai Campionati europei under 23 di atletica leggera 2021.

Tra i principali risultati a livello nazionale negli sport di squadra i 5 campionati e le 2 coppe Italia della L'Aquila Rugby, i 3 campionati di pallanuoto e le 2 coppe Italia della Pescara Nuoto, vincitrice anche di 7 LEN Euro Cup, e lo scudetto di calcio a 5 del Città di Montesilvano, la cui società si è sciolta nel 2017, detentore anche di una coppa Futsal Champions League e di una Coppa Italia. Sempre nel calcio a 5, anche il Pescara calcio a 5 ha conseguito uno scudetto, due Supercoppe italiane e due Coppe Italia, prima di sciogliersi nel 2018.

Hanno avuto carriere rilevanti i calciatori Massimo Oddo (Pescara) e Fabio Grosso (nato a Roma ma a lungo residente a Città Sant'Angelo, dove ha esordito come calciatore prima nella Renato Curi Angolana in Eccellenza ed in seguito nel Chieti e nel Teramo in Serie C2), che hanno fatto parte della nazionale vincitrice del campionato mondiale di calcio del 2006, e Franco Tancredi (Giulianova), portiere tra gli anni '70 e '90, del , della  e dell'Italia, e successivamente preparatore atletico dei portieri, nella , nella Juventus, nel Real Madrid e nella Inghilterra, sempre al seguito di Fabio Capello. Il pescarese Marco Verratti ha fatto parte della nazionale vincitrice del campionato europeo di calcio 2020.

Competizioni internazionali

Ogni anno a Teramo si svolge la Interamnia World Cup, evento fra i più importanti tornei di pallamano al mondo, al quale partecipano squadre giovanili provenienti da numerose nazioni, mentre a Pescara dal 1945 si tiene l'evento ciclistico estivo Trofeo Matteotti, parte del circuito UCI Europe Tour.

Nel settembre del 2004 all'Aquila, Sulmona e Pescara si sono svolti i XXXII campionati mondiali di pattinaggio di velocità a rotelle, a cui hanno preso parte 46 nazionali provenienti da tutti i cinque continenti.

Chieti, Ortona, Lanciano e Vasto hanno ospitato dal 24 settembre al 7 ottobre 2007 il FIBA EuroBasket Women 2007, una manifestazione biennale tra le squadre nazionali del continente, organizzata dalla FIBA Europe.

Pescara e diversi siti in tutta la regione hanno ospitato i XVI Giochi del Mediterraneo nel 2009, importante manifestazione sportiva organizzata ogni quattro anni dal Comitato Olimpico Internazionale.

Nella stazione sciistica di Roccaraso si sono tenuti nel 1996, nel 2011 e nel 2021 i campionati mondiali di hockey in-line, e nel 2012 i campionati mondiali juniores di sci alpino, mentre dal 2011 al 2018 a Pescara si sono tenute le fasi nazionali della competizione Ironman 70.3, e sempre nella città adriatica nel 2015 si è tenuta la prima edizione dei Giochi del Mediterraneo sulla spiaggia.

A Pescara sono stati inoltre assegnati i campionati del Mediterraneo under 23 di atletica leggera del 2022.

Indice di sportività
Nell'ambito delle annuali rilevazioni sulla qualità della vita nelle province italiane pubblicate dal quotidiano Il Sole 24ore, viene stilata una classifica del cosiddetto "Indice di sportività", che valuta le singole province in base a vari indicatori riguardanti la presenza di club amatoriali o professionistici, l'attrattività per grandi eventi, atleti tesserati, impianti sportivi e risultati conseguiti singolarmente o in squadra. Nel 2022 tutte le province abruzzesi sono risultate al di sotto della media nazionale, con un miglioramento della posizione delle province dell'Aquila e di Teramo e un peggioramento di quella di Pescara:

Principali impianti sportivi

Impianti all'aperto

Impianti al chiuso

Stazioni sciistiche

Le numerose stazioni sciistiche abruzzesi si dividono nei tre comprensori sciistici principali di Passolanciano-Maielletta, Alto Sangro e Tre Nevi:

 Campo Imperatore - Gran Sasso
Prati di Tivo - Gran Sasso
Campo di Giove - Majella
Passo Lanciano - Majella
 Campo Felice - Sirente-Velino
Ovindoli - Monte Magnola
Camporotondo - Monti Simbruini
 Roccaraso - Monte Greco
 Rivisondoli - Monte Greco
 Collerotondo - Montagna Grande
Marsia - Monti Carseolani
 Pescasseroli - Monti Marsicani
 Pescocostanzo - Monte Calvario
 Prato Selva - Monte Corvo
 San Giacomo - Montagna dei Fiori
Passo Godi - Monte Godi
Pizzoferrato-Gamberale - Monti Pizzi
Passo San Leonardo - Montagne del Morrone

Principali società sportive
In grassetto le società vincitrici di campionati e coppe nelle rispettive discipline, nazionali od internazionali:

Atletica
 Hadria Pescara, FIDAL
 Atletica Gran Sasso (Teramo), FIDAL
 Runners Chieti, FIDAL

Automobilismo
 Cronoscalata Svolte di Popoli (Popoli)
 Rally d'Abruzzo (Teramo - Giulianova)
 Manifestazioni scomparse:
 Coppa Acerbo (Pescara)

Beach Soccer
 Vastese (Vasto), Serie A

Calcio a 5
Calcio a 5 maschile:
 Futsal Pescara 1997       , Serie A
 Società non più in attività:
 Pescara Calcio a 5
  Città di Montesilvano Calcio a 5

Calcio a 5 femminile:
 Futsal Pescara 1997, Serie A
 Tikitaka Francavilla, Serie A
 Società non più in attività:
 Alex Zulli Gold Futsal (Guardiagrele)

Hockey

Hockey su prato
 Hockey Avezzano, Serie B

Ciclismo
 Società non più in attività:
 Gis Gelati-Ecoflam (Giulianova)

Canottaggio
 Circolo canottieri La Pescara  FIC

Pallacanestro
Pallacanestro maschile:
 Giulia Basket (Giulianova) Serie B
 Pallacanestro Roseto Serie B
 Teramo a Spicchi Serie B

 Società non più in attività:
 Teramo Basket

Pallacanestro in carrozzina:
 Polisportiva Amicacci Giulianova, Serie A

Pallamano
Pallamano maschile:
 Handball Club Pescara, Serie A2
 Handball Teramo, Serie A2

Pallamano femminile:
 HF Teramo , Serie A2

Pallanuoto
Pallanuoto maschile:
 Pescara Nuoto e Pallanuoto Serie B
 Società non più in attività:
 Pescara Nuoto

Pallavolo
Pallavolo maschile:
 Pallavolo Impavida Ortona, Serie A2

Pallavolo femminile:
 Pallavolo Teatina, Serie B1

Rugby
Rugby maschile:
 Avezzano Rugby, Serie A
 Rugby L'Aquila, Serie B
 Paganica Rugby (L'Aquila), Serie B
 Pescara Rugby, Serie C

 Società non più in attività:
 L'Aquila Rugby

Rugby femminile:
 Belve Neroverdi (L'Aquila), Serie A

Football americano femminile
 Lobsters Pescara,  CIFAF

Scherma
 Accademia Scherma Pescara
 Club del Fioretto (Pescara)
 Teate Scherma (Chieti)
 Circolo Scherma Flaiano Pescara
 I Marsi (Avezzano)
 Gymnasium Raiano Scherma

Softball
Softball femminile:
 Atoms' Softball (Chieti), Serie B

Tennis
 Circolo Tennis Pescara
 Circolo Tennis Lanciano
 CUS L'Aquila
 Circolo Tennis Avezzano

Tennistavolo
 PGS TT Ortona
 Energia New Teramo
 Tennis Tavolo Silvi
 Sporting club libertas (L'Aquila)
 Antoniana T.T. Pescara
 Tennistavolo Vasto
 Tennistavolo Avezzano

Torball
 Teramo Torball, Serie A

Principali società di calcio a 11 maschile
Elenco delle società di calcio a 11 maschile almeno una partecipazione tra i professionisti o con almeno 10 partecipazioni alla Serie D.

Note

Voci correlate
 Derby calcistici in Abruzzo

Collegamenti esterni


text:
How Do You Spell Brat As In Hotdog?
This sausage can be crafted with veal, beef, or pork as the primary ingredient. Coriander, nutmeg, ginger, caraway, or lemon zest are the ingredients that make up the seasoning. These German sausages are appreciated by a large number of people all over the world. They are also commonly referred to as ″brats.″
What is the difference between a hot dog and a bratwurst?
Pork, beef, or chicken are the three meats that are utilized most frequently in the production of hot dogs.Because bratwurst may be produced using pig, beef, or veal, the meat used in its preparation is often more recent and more unadulterated.Brats have a rougher texture and a heavier overall character as a result of their less finely ground ingredients.Hot dogs are skinnier, brats are fatter.
Is a bratwurst a type of hot dog or a sausage?
What is the meaning of Brats?
1 a derogatory term for a youngster, more specifically: a child that is ill-mannered, irritating, or pampered. b: an ill-mannered immature person 2: children of parents who have served in the military for a long time army brats additionally: the kid of a person whose work is in a particular and often peculiar field brats from Hollywood
What are the different types of bratwurst?
The term ″beer brat,″ which refers to a particular manner of cooking bratwurst, is one of the most common variations of this sausage in the United States.These brats are frequently cooked totally in a skillet on the stovetop with beer, or they are just partially cooked on the stovetop before being transferred to the grill.This brat became particularly well-known in Wisconsin, a state with a primarily German immigrant population.
What is the origin of the word hotdog?
The term ″hotdog″ was initially used as a verb in the 1960s to refer to a style of surfing characterized by sharp twists and rapid motions.It was popularized around the turn of the 19th century along with the interjection hot dog to express approval or gratification.Surfers adopted it from the use of the noun ″hot dog″ for someone who is very good at something.This usage gained popularity around the same time as the interjection ″hot dog.″
See also: How Many Calories In Burger King Small Fries?
Is brat a hot dog?
Hot dogs are skinnier, brats are fatter. While brats are often not pre-cooked, hot dogs always are. The taste is the primary distinguishing feature. Both hot dogs and brats are seasoned with a variety of spices, each of which contributes a distinct component to the overall flavor.
What is the difference between a hot dog and brat?
So, to compare and contrast, how are bratwurst and hot dogs different? In general, they are more processed than bratwurst and may have a greater amount of salt as well as other preservatives. To make hot dogs, you can use pork, beef, chicken, or turkey, and these ingredients are frequently combined in a wide variety of proportions and permutations.
Is bratwurst a sausage or hot dog?
Bratwurst is a variety of German sausage that can either be prepared with pig or beef as the primary ingredient. In addition, the origin of the hot dog may be traced back to Germany; these sausages can be produced with pig, beef, or chicken.
How do you spell brat the sausage?
The word ″bratwurst″ (German: (listen)) refers to a variety of German sausage that is traditionally prepared from pig but may also be produced from beef or veal.
What type of dog is a bratwurst?
History of the Brat Breed The Boston Terrier and the Rat Terrier both contributed genetic material to the creation of the hybrid dog known as the Brat. At present moment, its history is unknown, and the hybrid dog is a modern breed that has just been popular in the recent past few years. This mutt is a companion hybrid that was purposefully created by a breeder.
See also: What Goes With Tuna Fish Sandwiches?
Is a sausage a brat?
What Exactly Is a Bratwurst? Bratwursts are a variety of German sausage that are often referred to simply as brats. The word ″brat″ refers to ground beef, while ″wurst″ is the German word for sausage. In Germany, the phrase ″bratwurst″ is used to refer to any and all types of sausage.
What are German brats?
Bratwurst. The Frankfurter Würstchen is considered to be the most renowned of all German sausages. However, the bratwurst, sometimes known simply as a ″brat,″ is considered to be one of the most famous of all German sausages. The exact recipe for the sausage changes from place to place, and there are currently over 40 different types available.
What is the difference between a bratwurst and a frankfurter?
Following that, we have The Frankfurters. It has the typical appearance of having been thinned out and has a slick or smooth surface as well as a particular ″bite″ to it. When compared to the bratwurst, it often does neither have the same size nor the same grainy quality to its texture (however bare in mind there are many different sizes available, for example, the Jumbo Frankfurter).
What are brats made of?
A bratwurst is a variety of German sausage that can typically be produced using pig, beef, or veal as its primary ingredient. Pork is the most typical ingredient in this dish. I don't know German, but according to the ever-reliable Wikipedia, the words ″brat″ and ″wurst″ both refer to finely chopped meat and sausage, respectively.
Whats the difference between sausage and brats?
A dish made of ground meat, sausage can be obtained in dried or fresh forms, and it can be purchased either in casing as links or in bulk. Sausage can be found in both dry and fresh variants. A specific variety of fresh link sausage known as bratwurst can be produced with either pig or veal.
See also: How Much Did A Burger King Whopper Cost When First Introduced In 1957?
What part of the pig is bratwurst?
Casings made from the small intestine of pigs are commonly utilized for the production of sausages such as bratwurst. Salami is often packaged using beef middles, also known as big intestines. For example, Braunschweiger is encased in natural casings, also known as hog bungs, which are the straight parts of the pig intestines and are utilized to make the casing.
Are Johnsonville brats beef or pork?
INGREDIENTS: Pig, water, corn syrup, and less than 2% of the following: pork broth with natural flavorings, salt, dextrose, natural flavors, BHA, propyl gallate, and citric acid. INGREDIENTS: Pork, water, corn syrup, and less than 2% of the following.
What wurst means?
A huge sausage that is typically of the sort that is produced in Germany, Austria, and other European countries. Also spelled wiest and wurst.
How do you spell Johnsonville brats?
Brats – Johnsonville.com.
What does brat stand for?
The BRAT diet, which consists of ″bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast,″ was at one time a standard advice made by the majority of physicians for children who were experiencing stomach discomfort.
What Is The Big King At Burger King?
What Time Is Burger King Open Until?


But one of their greatest offerings has got to be the queso fries.
The queso fries are STOOPID delicious! It's soooooo worth the risk of immediate acute heart failure. So worth it.
If you want good root beer, The Texicalli Grille down on Oltorf makes their own. Joe Bob say's check it out!
PS The Queso Fries are GREAT hangover cures!
Try Pace Salsa con Queso on your regular French fries for cheesy flavor with a kick.
Wednesday evening Matt and I headed out to Champps a Sports Bar in Durham thus allowing us to eat dinner AND watch the second half of the Georgia Tech at Wake Forest game. Neither of us had ever been there before and the menu was quite extensive. I settled on the Peppercorn Stack Burger with queso fries and a Sierra Nevada Pale Ale. (...) The queso was homemade and delicious and the waffle fries were an interesting change of pace.


text:
Sergio Pérez Leyva (born 15 May 1993) is a Spanish footballer who plays for UB Conquense as a goalkeeper.

Football career
Born in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, Basque Country, Pérez was a graduate of Deportivo Alavés' youth setup, and made his senior debut with the reserves in the 2012–13 campaign, in the Tercera División. On 28 November 2012, he was named on the substitutes' bench with the main squad for the match against FC Barcelona, but remained unused in the Copa del Rey 1–3 away loss.

In June 2013, Pérez moved to another reserve team, CD Mirandés B in the regional leagues. On 28 September 2014, he appeared in his first game with the main squad, starting in a 0–2 away loss against Real Betis in the Segunda División.

Pérez was promoted to the first team ahead of the 2015–16 season, but remained as a backup for Raúl Fernández. After the latter's departure to Levante UD, he was made a starter ahead of the new signing Roberto Gutiérrez, but the campaign ended in relegation.

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Footballers from Vitoria-Gasteiz
Spanish footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Segunda División players
Segunda División B players
Tercera División players
Deportivo Alavés B players
CD Mirandés B players
CD Mirandés footballers
UE Cornellà players
CD Toledo players
UB Conquense footballers
Burgos CF Promesas players