Physical exercise induces neuroprotection through anti-inflammatory effects and total sleep deprivation is reported an inflammatory process. We examined whether 7 weeks of exercise training attenuates markers of inflammation during total sleep deprivation (24-h wakefulness) in the rat brain and periphery.
Four groups of 10 rats were investigated: Sedentary control, Sedentary sleep-deprived, Exercised control, and Exercised sleep-deprived. Sleep deprivation and exercise training were induced using slowly rotating wheels and a motorized treadmill. We examined mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) cytokine-related genes using real-time PCR, and protein levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, as well as circulating concentrations.
Compared to Sedentary control rats, hippocampal and cortical IL-1β mRNA expressions in Sedentary sleep-deprived rats were up-regulated (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively). At the protein level, hippocampal IL-1β and TNF-α and cortical IL-6 contents were higher in Sedentary sleep-deprived rats (p < 0.001, p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). Peripherally, TNF-α, IL-6 and norepinephrine concentrations were higher in Sedentary sleep-deprived rats compared to Sedentary control (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively). Exercise training reduced the sleep deprivation-induced hippocampal IL-1β increases (mRNA expression and protein content) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), and TNF-α content (p < 0.001). At the periphery, exercise reduced sleep deprivation-induced increase of IL-6 concentration (p < 0.05) without effect on TNF-α and norepinephrine.
We demonstrate that a 7-week exercise training program before acute total sleep deprivation prevents pro-inflammatory responses in the rat hippocampus, particularly the IL-1β cytokine at the gene expression level and protein content.
Mounting evidence suggests that sleep plays an important role in homeostatic restoration, thermoregulation, tissue repair, immune control, memory processing and brain plasticity [1, 2]. Conversely, controlled, experimental studies on the effects of acute sleep loss in healthy individuals have shown that mediators of inflammation are increased by sleep loss . Sleep loss has been found to alter immune responses  and, in humans and rodents, to induce increases in circulating or brain levels of inflammatory markers such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-1β [5–7], and C-reactive protein (CRP) . We previously suggested that, in rodents, the total sleep deprivation-related increase of TNF-α is responsible for endothelial dysfunction . In humans, we have also demonstrated that one night of total sleep deprivation increases secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and is associated with significant sleepiness and diminished psychomotor performance . In addition, Irwin et al. [10, 11] demonstrated that sleep loss induced monocyte production and transcription of IL-6 and TNF-α RNA messenger under the influence of the nuclear factor kappa-beta (NF)-κB transcription control pathway that play a key role in controlling cellular expression of pro-inflammatory genes. For this author, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) particularly TLR-4 play a role in the activation of NF-κB , and we showed increase in whole-blood TLR-4 mRNA in men during sleep loss .
The positive effects of exercise on many physiological systems, including the central nervous system (CNS), are well established [14, 15]. With rats, exercise training has been shown to improve memory decline related to aging or sleep deprivation and to decrease pro-inflammatory markers in the hippocampus [16–19], and also to decrease TNF-α and IL-1β levels in various brain regions of healthy young rodents [18, 20–22]. Four weeks of aerobic treadmill exercise attenuate the deleterious effects of sleep deprivation on long-term memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in adult rats [19, 23, 24]. In addition, Ma et al.  evidenced the protective effects of treadmill training against damage caused by cerebral ischemia through the down-regulation of cortical TLR-4 expression. In elderly men (e.g., large study of 4,252 subjects, 60 to 79 years old), Wannamethee et al.  observed that several hemostatic and inflammatory variables were dose-dependently and inversely associated with current physical activity.
The purposes of this study were (1) to characterize the effects of acute sleep deprivation (24 h of wakefulness) on mRNA gene expression and tissue content of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), known for their many physiological roles and their actions of sleep regulation , in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of rats, two regions of memory and motor performance , and also on the circulating concentrations; (2) to investigate the interest of a 7-week exercise training program to reduce central and peripheral inflammation. The TLR-4 mRNA gene expression in the brain was also assessed because, when down-regulated by long-term exercise, it has been suggested that this has a beneficial effect on chronic central and whole body inflammation [25, 29].
The experiments were performed using male Wistar rats (Centre d'élevage R Janvier, Le Genest-Saint-Isle, France) aged 4 weeks and weighing 125–130 g at the beginning of the experiments. The animals were housed five per cage under controlled conditions of temperature (20–23 °C), humidity (40 %) and light/dark cycle (12 h/12 h, lights on at 7 a.m) with ad libitum access to food and water. This experimental research has followed the french recognized ethical guidelines, and was approved under the number "Sauvet_10_1" by the animal committee of IRBA.The care and treatment of the animals was supervised by the veterinary surgeons of the Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armées (IRBA).
The animals arrived in the laboratory at least one week before the experiments. They were randomly allocated into one of four groups: a Sedentary control group (n = 11) allowed normal sleep; a Sedentary group (n = 8) with total sleep deprivation, an Exercise control group (n = 10) allowed normal sleep and an Exercised group (n = 8) with total sleep deprivation.
The two groups of exercised rats were trained by running on a motorized treadmill for seven weeks. In order to minimize stress, the rats were progressively accustomed to the treadmill for one week (5 days, 10–15 min at a speed of 15 m/min). Animals reluctant to run during this training period were not used in the experiment. At the end of this period, the training program began: the rats were exercised 60 min each day, over a two-week period, at 18 m/min. The workload was then progressively increased until at the end of 5 weeks the rats were running at 25 m/min, 7 % grade, for 120 min per day and 5 days per week. This level of exercise remained stable during the final two weeks Fig. 1. During these 7 weeks, the rats were weighed three times a week. The rats belonging to the sedentary groups were placed daily in a new cage and also weighed three times a week .
The rats remained single-housed throughout the sleep deprivation (SD) experiments in activity wheels (Lafayette Instruments, IN, USA) as described and validated previously . Briefly, these are large motorized stainless-steel activity wheels, with a 35.56 cm diameter, and internal wheel width of 10.9 cm. The rats were habituated to the activity wheel environment, including a 30 min period of activity wheel motion at 09:00 and 15:00 every day for 6 days before the experiments began. 24-hour SD (09:00 – 09:00) was achieved by the rotational movement of the activity wheel, programmed on a schedule of 3 s "on" at a speed of 3 m/min and 12 s "off". Similar parameters have previously been shown to produce greater than 93 % wakefulness [9, 31].
In order to prevent acute exercise effects, the exercised rats were submitted to the sleep deprivation protocol after 24 h of recovery in their home cage.
The rats were weighed and then sacrificed by decapitation. Trunk blood was collected in vials and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min to separate plasma. The brain was immediately dissected on a cold plate. Brain tissue samples from the hippocampus and frontal cortex were placed in microtubes and either immersed in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 °C for later cytokine content measurements or were submerged in RNAlater solution (LifeTechnologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) for subsequent RNA isolation.
To check for normal growth patterns in the trained rats, we weighed their adrenal glands since adrenal hypertrophy in rats has been described as a potentially negative physiological adaptation to chronic, intensive exercise .
Each tissue sample was thawed in 0.3–2.5 ml of ice cold buffer (pH 7.4, + 4 °C) containing 25 mM Hepes, 0.1 % CHAPS, 5 mM MgCl2, 2 mM AEBSF, 1 mM EDTA, 130 μM Bestatin, 14 μM E64, 1 mM Leupeptin, 0.3 μM Aprotinin and was then homogenized. The homogenates were centrifuged for 20 min at 16,000 g (+4 °C). Total protein content was measured in each supernatant using a Microplate BCA Protein Assay Kit (Pierce Biotechnologies, Rockford, IL, USA). Supernatants were aliquoted and stored at −80 °C until ELISA. Levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 were determined using commercially available rat ELISA sensitive and ultra-sensitive kits (Invitrogen, Camarillo, CA, USA; R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). The assays were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. All data are expressed as pg of cytokine per mg total protein to correct for differences in dissection size, except for plasma samples which are expressed as pg cytokine per ml plasma. The minimum detectable concentrations for TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were respectively 0.7 pg/ml, 5 pg/ml and 16 pg/ml. The intra- and inter-assay CVs were respectively: 4.6 and 7.1 %, 3.9 and 5.7 %, and 6.5 and 14.0 %.
RNA isolation from brain tissue was performed using the Qiazol reagent method followed by RNeasy mini method on Qiacube (Qiagen, Venlo, Netherlands). A 50 μL final volume of RNA was eluted for each sample. A Nanodrop spectrophotometer (Nanodrop Technologies, Wilmington, USA) was used to quantify RNA in the extracts.
Reverse transcription was performed using the RT2 HT First Strand kit (Qiagen). The reaction was carried out from 1 μg of RNA. The cDNA was stored at −80 °C until use.
PCR was carried out with custom RT2 Profiler Arrays in combination with RT2 SYBR Green mastermix (SA Biosciences Qiagen, Venlo, Netherlands) using 1 μL of cDNA, in a 25 μL final volume. The cDNA sequences (rat) for IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were from GenBank (accession numbers NM_031512, NM 012675, and NM_012589 respectively), as were those of the two reference genes Hprt1 and Ppih (accession numbers NM_012583 and XM_345576). Reactions were performed on a LightCycler 480 (96-well block) and the crossing point values were calculated from LightCycler Software v3.5 (Roche Applied Science, Mannheim, Germany). Amplification specificity was checked using melting curve analysis following the manufacturer's instructions. The genomic DNA control (GDC), the reverse-transcription control (RTC) and the positive PCR control (PPC) tested respectively for genomic DNA contamination, reverse transcription efficiency and the polymerase chain reaction. Assays for two housekeeping genes included in the arrays enabled normalization of data. The geometrical mean of housekeeping genes were calculated and used in normalized mRNA ± SEM levels.
Corticosterone, epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were determined in duplicate by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using commercial kits (IDS and LDN France). For corticosterone, the limit of sensitivity was 0.55 ng/ml, and the intra- and inter-assay CVs were respectively 3.8 and 7.7 %. Epinephrine and norepinephrine are extracted by using a cis-diol-specific affinity gel, acylated and then converted enzymatically. For these molecules, the assay limits of sensitivity were respectively 0.01 and 0.04 ng/ml, and the intra- and inter-assay CVs were respectively 5.0 and 13.0 %, and 8.5 and 16.1 %.
In this study, we used one-way ANOVA followed by LSD post hoc test. Data are presented as means ± SEM. Spearman rank correlations were run between biochemical parameters in the hippocampus and frontal of all rats and respectively in the Sedentary and Exercised groups. All statistical analyses were conducted using Statistica 10.0, StatSoft Inc., Maisons-Alfort, France. For all statistics the significance level was set at p < 0.05.
The body weight gain of Sedentary sleep-deprived rats was not statistically different compared to Sedentary control (270 ± 11 g vs 293 ± 5 g), while Exercised sleep-deprived rats was lower than Exercised control [244 ± 3 g vs 296 ± 11 g, F(3,33) = 8.17, p < 0.01].
The body weight gain of Exercised sleep-deprived rats was lower compared to Sedentary sleep-deprived (244 ± 3 g vs 270 ± 11 g, p < 0.05).
The weights of the adrenal glands were not statistically different in the four groups of rats (50.5 ± 4.7 and 51.0 ± 8.0 mg for Sedentary sleep-deprived and Sedentary control rats, 49.0 ± 3.0 and 50.5 ± 3.5 mg for Exercised sleep-deprived and Exercised control rats).
The IL-1β mRNA expression was higher in Sedentary sleep-deprived rats compared to Sedentary control rats [F(3,28) = 3.17, p < 0.05]. In addition IL-1β mRNA expression was reduced in Exercised sleep-deprived rats compared to Sedentary sleep-deprived rats (p < 0.05) Fig. 2a. No statistically significant changes in TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expressions were observed between the four groups of rats (Figs. 3a and 4a).
TLR-4 mRNA levels were not statistically different [(31 ± 5)×10−3] and [(29 ± 5)×10−3] for Sedentary control and Sedentary sleep-deprived; [(25 ± 2)x10−3] and [(30 ± 3)×10−3] for Exercised control and Exercised sleep-deprived).
The correlation analysis showed that hippocampal IL-1β and TLR-4 mRNA levels were in significant and positive correlation within all rats and within the Exercised group (r = 0.422 and r = 0.733, respectively).
The IL-1β mRNA expression was higher in Sedentary sleep-deprived rats compared to sedentary control rats [F(3,28) = 4.16, p < 0.01] Fig. 2a. No statistically significant changes in TNF-α and IL-6 expression were observed between the four groups of rats (Figs. 3a and 4a).
TLR-4 mRNA levels were not statistically different [(27 ± 2)×10−3] and [(35 ± 2)×10−3] for Sedentary control and Sedentary sleep-deprived; [(28 ± 3)×10−3] and [(32 ± 3)×10−3] for Exercised control and Exercised sleep-deprived).
The correlation analysis showed that cortical IL-1β and TLR-4 mRNA levels were in significant and positive correlation within all rats and within Sedentary and Exercised groups rats (r = 0.858, r = 0.720 and r = 0.887, respectively).
The IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations were higher in the Sedentary sleep-deprived rats compared to the Sedentary control rats [F(3,33) = 34.4, p < 0.001 and F(3,33) = 11.6, p < 0.05, respectively]. IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations were lower in Exercised sleep-deprived rats compared to Sedentary sleep-deprived rats (p < 0.001, respectively). In addition TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were lower in Exercised control rats compared to Sedentary control (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) Figs. 2b, 3b and 4b. The IL-6 concentration was reduced in Exercised sleep-deprived rats compared to Sedentary sleep-deprived rats (p < 0.01) (Fig. 4b).
The IL-6 concentration was higher in Sedentary sleep-deprived rats compared to Sedentary control rats [F(3,33) = 3.31, p < 0.05] (Fig. 4b). No statistically significant changes in IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations were observed in the four groups of rats Figs. 2b and 3b.
TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were higher in the Sedentary sleep-deprived rats compared to Sedentary control rats (F(3,33) = 5.75, p < 0.01 and F(3,33) = 5.12, p < 0.001, respectively). In addition IL-6 concentration was lower in Exercised sleep-deprived rats compared to Sedentary sleep-deprived rats (p < 0.05). The IL-1β concentration in the Sedentary control group was under the assay limit of sensitivity, and no statistically significant differences were observed between the groups of rats. Table 1.
Plasma concentrations of norepinephrine were higher for Sedentary sleep-deprived rats compared to Sedentary control, and also for Exercised sleep-deprived rats compared to Exercised control (F(3,33) = 8.94, p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). No changes in concentrations were observed for corticosterone and epinephrine in the four groups of rats. Table 1.
In this study our objective was to investigate biomarkers of inflammation during a total sleep deprivation protocol (equivalent to 24 h wakefulness) in the rat brain and peripheral circulation, and the interest of exercise training as an anti-inflammatory therapy.
We quantified mRNA gene expression and tissue content of the main pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, in two major brain regions involved in memory and motor performance, the hippocampus and the frontal cortex. The circulating concentrations of cytokines were also investigated as well as those of the stress hormones, corticosterone and catecholamines. Submitting rats to a total sleep deprivation protocol induced significant increases of IL-1β mRNA expression in the hippocampus and frontal cortex and increases in its protein level in the hippocampus. In addition, at the protein level, TNF-α in the hippocampus and IL-6 in the frontal cortex were higher after sleep deprivation. Peripherally, the pro-inflammatory response of sleep deprivation was seen mainly through increases in TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations, concomitantly to an increase in the concentration of norepinephrine. The second part of our study provides the first evidence that seven weeks of endurance exercise training reduces the increase of inflammatory brain markers induced by total sleep deprivation, mainly IL-1β mRNA expression and IL-1β and TNF-α protein concentrations in the brain hippocampus. At the periphery, exercise training reduces sleep-deprivation induced increase of IL-6 concentration.
The effects of acute sleep deprivation or sleep restriction on cytokine gene expression and protein levels in different regions of the rat brain have not been extensively studied. Mackiewicz et al.  and Taishi et al.  described increased levels of IL-1β mRNA in various regions of the rat brain (i.e., hypothalamus, hippocampus, cerebral cortex) with total sleep deprivation, while Wisor et al.  found no effects of short-term sleep deprivation (1 h and 3 h duration) on IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA levels in the brains of adult male mice. In another experiment, Wisor et al.  showed no effect of a 24-h sleep restriction on IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 gene expression in cells of the monocyte lineage into the mice brain. Recently, enhanced brain IL-1β and TNF-α mRNAs were observed after 1 day of 18 h of acute sleep loss, particularly in the frontal cortex . In our study we show that the highest effect of sleep deprivation on the brain is to increase the gene expression of IL-1β, one of the two major cytokines involved in sleep-loss associated symptoms such as sleepiness and rebound sleep, fatigue, impaired cognition and memory . This increase in IL-1β gene expression has been observed in the hippocampus, the major region involved in memory , and in the frontal cortex, a region of motor performance and where inflammatory cellular pathways are activated after stress exposure . In this study we have confirmed that a change in IL-1 mRNA expression is not necessarily indicative of functional changes at the protein level as we found a significant increase in IL-1β protein levels with sleep deprivation only in the hippocampus. We suggested that the transcription, translation and the subsequent protein post-translational pathway could have been differently and regionally regulated under sleep loss. The significant increase of TNF-α protein in hippocampus and IL-6 in frontal cortex while their mRNA messengers were unchanged confirmed there is a cascade in cytokine production in the brain .
In rodents, using the slowly rotating wheel or the circular platform above water techniques for sleep deprivation it was found increased circulating concentrations of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 [5, 39, 40], and also increased concentrations of corticosterone and norepinephrine (i.e., from 24 h to 96 h of sleep deprivation [41–43]. In our study, using the activity wheel protocol for sleep deprivation , we found that total sleep deprivation increased peripheral inflammation as the circulating concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were higher in sleep-deprived rats, concomitantly with norepinephrine concentrations. Nevertheless, levels of the stress hormones corticosterone and epinephrine were not statistically different between sedentary sleep-deprived and sedentary normal sleep rats; neither were the means for body and adrenal glands weights.
The present study is the first evidence reporting that exercise prevented total sleep deprivation-induced IL-1β increases at the gene expression and protein levels, and TNF-α increase at the protein level, in the hippocampus, a major brain region for memory. In the hippocampus, exercise training also decreases TNF-α and IL-6 protein contents in the control rats. The interest of endurance training exercise in preventing the brain inflammation induced by sleep deprivation has not been extensively studied. Vollert et al.  showed that a moderate treadmill exercise regimen for rats prevented anxiety-like behavior and brain oxidative stress (i.e., in the cortex, hippocampus and amygdala) normally induced by sleep deprivation. Recently, Zagaar et al.  demonstrated that a 4-week exercise training protocol may prevent hippocampal impairments of learning and memory induced by 24 h of sleep deprivation by preventing deleterious changes of BDNF and its associated signaling cascade.
The majority of studies have focused on the interest of exercise to limit age-related effects on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and memory in the rat. Speisman et al.  evidenced that a 18-week protocol of conditioned wheel running improved memory and increased neurogenesis in aged rats but decreased hippocampal IL-1β and cortical VEGF protein concentrations, and that a negative correlation existed between IL-1β concentration and memory scores. In addition, and as we have demonstrated in our study in the sleep-deprivation condition, exercise clearly modulated neuroimmune factors in the cortex and hippocampus of aged rats which supports the notion that neuroimmune signaling in the brain is region-specific . Lovatel et al.  showed that daily forced exercise (i.e., on a treadmill) for twenty minutes and over two weeks ameliorated aging-related memory decline and decreased pro-inflammatory markers, specifically TNF-α, IL-1β and NF-κB phosphorylated in the hippocampus, and that a negative correlation was found between IL-1β levels and performance in an aversive memory test. Chronic endurance exercise was suggested to represent a therapeutic tool to alleviate neuroinflammatory responses triggered by Tau abnormality in aged brains because it attenuates activation of microglia and astrocytes concurrently with the induction of TNF-α and IL-1β in mice which over expresses human tau23 in its brain . Physical exercise has also been shown to provide endogenous neuroprotection as it reduces leukocytes infiltration and accumulation in the brain parenchyma in the setting of ischemia/reperfusion injury  and it reduces hippocampal TNF-α cell death signaling pathways in a chemical-induced injury model (i.e., using the prototypical neurotoxicant Trimethyltin, TMT) .
In this study we assessed TLR-4 mRNA levels because they were suggested to play a role during sleep loss in the activation of the NF-κB transcription pathway and the subsequent cellular expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [11, 12], because we found increase of their whole-blood mRNA levels after total sleep deprivation in men , and also because treadmill training was demonstrated to reduce the overexpression of TLR-4 in rat brain tissue after ischemia and promoted functional recovery . In the central nervous system, TLR-4 was preferentially found expressed in astrocytes and microglia under inflammatory conditions , and administration of a selective inhibitor of TLR-4 prevents increase of IL-1β mRNA in response to acute mild stress in the frontal cortex . No significant effect of sleep deprivation was found on TLR-4 mRNA levels in the two brain regions, but significant and positive correlations existed with levels of IL-1β particularly in the exercised rats suggesting a possible regulatory role of TLR-4 expression. Further studies are in order to determine if activation of microglia and astrocytes and inflammatory cell infiltration in the brain is induced by total sleep deprivation concurrently with IL-1β and TNF-α, and the influence of exercise training.
Although our results are consistent with previous findings in rats, our experimental model of exercise training combined with sleep deprivation has limitation in its ability to generalize to humans. The two conditions are experimentally imposed using devices such as the slowly rotating wheel and the motorized treadmill as used in many previous studies, while human sleep deprivation or exercise training are usually voluntary or semi-voluntary. However, we have used the experimental model of total sleep deprivation of Christie et al.  that was demonstrated efficient to induce 24-h wakefulness without stress response (e.g., increase of corticosterone), and we have controlled the model for the non-specific effects of the activity wheel (i.e., locomotor activity and restraint) . Despite this limitation, animal models of exercise training and sleep deprivation, including the current protocol, provide useful tools for investigating physiological mechanisms related to beneficial effects of exercise on the inflammation-related to sleep loss that cannot be studied readily in people.
Our study has shown for the first time that seven weeks of physical training prevents the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by total sleep deprivation in the brain at the gene expression and/or protein level. Of particular interest was the reduction in the pro-inflammatory IL-1β cytokine mRNA expression and protein level, a cytokine involved in sleep-loss associated symptoms, in the hippocampus, the major brain region for memory. Further studies are warranted to determine interactions during sleep loss between increased inflammatory cytokines in the brain, memory impairments, and the interest of exercise training.
This work was supported by the French Délégation Générale pour l'Armement (Contract N° 08ca704).
MC The conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data. DGM The conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data. CD acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data. HG acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data. GD acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data. CL acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data. TG analysis and interpretation of data. FS The conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.


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You are here: Home / Events / Caroline, or Change at London's Playhouse Theatre
Caroline, or Change at London's Playhouse Theatre
December 24, 2018 by Lucy Foxell Leave a Comment
Caroline, or Change comes to London's West End…
Tony Kushner and Jeanine Tesori's 2003 musical has been on my must-see list for some time. Michael Longhurst's production started life at Hampstead Theatre, moving to Chichester and now making a very welcome transfer to the Playhouse in London's West End.
This wonderfully original and quirky production takes the age-old story of a maid and her masters and sets it amongst the backdrop of a steamy basement laundry room. The result is a fabulous mash-up of pure magical delight, with pitch-perfect performances from a remarkable cast.
Sharon D. Clarke's portrayal of the stoic Caroline is quite phenomenal; her bluesy, velvety-soulful voice is stunning – nothing short of majestic. She is supported by some equally talented performers, in particular, Abiona Omonua who plays her daughter Emmie with a wonderful sense of feisty rebellion, and Naana Agyei-Ampadu as Caroline's quirky friend. All of the children are exceptionally strong.
It's 1963, Louisiana, where Caroline – single mother of four kids – is maid-servant to a comfortable, white, Jewish family. A shadow of her former self, her broken, weary mood reflects the deep dark basement of the grand house that she serves. Her dour, sullen character is juxtaposed with the sheer frivolous fun of a singing washing machine (Me'sha Bryan), tumble-dryer (Ako Mitchell) – and of course, the Moon (Angela Caesar). And then there's a fabulous 'Three Degrees' – like trio singing on Caroline's radio, giving us insight into her internal battles and the continual strife of bringing up four children on her own.
Upstairs we are introduced to the withdrawn, clarinet-playing master of the house, who has remarried family friend Rose (Lauren Ward) after the death of his wife. Rose is desperate to please and get it right but ends up getting it terribly wrong, both with the family and with Caroline. Alistair Brookshaw as pathetic, ineffectual Stuart Gellman couldn't be better cast, as he retreats into his own sad world, neglecting both his new wife and his 8-year-old son Noah – played on the night of my visit by young talent Aaron Gelkoff.
Rose tries hopelessly to connect with Noah, who has displaced all his grief and isolation into Caroline, who he idolises. They share a daily ritual which sees him rushing home from school to light her one cigarette each day. Everything about this scene is uncomfortable, revealing as it does Caroline's harshness towards the boy and her disregard for the very thing that caused his mother's death from cancer. And yet this is the reality of their lives – a house full of broken characters, all scarred by loss and disappointment.
Despite the overriding themes of grief, inequality, bitterness, disillusion and dysfunction, you can't help but feel light-heartedly elated by the fanciful, almost disconcerting animation of the surroundings…. Even the news of JFK's death is broken by a singing bus that arrives to pick up Caroline and her friend after work.
Fly Davis's set creates the upstairs-downstairs feel with a backdrop of very large '60's graphics, and the revolving stage is used to great effect, turning to within the gloomy laundry room as it swings into life – then there's the added joy of her glitzy costumes.
The feeling of elation is carried forth through the lives of Caroline's (excellently cast) children who are full of joy, character and possibility for the future, giving the audience an insight into the character Caroline once was. You'll come away empowered in the knowledge that her daughter Emmie will break the cycle and live the life her mother never could.
With its clever blend of pathos, hope and humour, Caroline, or Change is a pleasure and a real triumph.
Caroline, or Change
Northumberland Avenue
London WC2N 5DE
We also recommend Matilda, currently showing at The Cambridge Theatre, London, West End
For those living in West London, do check out the excellent Friday Night Cabaret at The Waterman Theatre
Filed Under: Events Tagged With: London theatre, Musical, theatre, West End
About Lucy Foxell
Lucy comes from a background in the Theatre. She loves to soak up the wealth of live theatre and cultural activities London offers. She's passionate about photography and an enthusiastic and fervent traveller, keen to explore as much of the world as possible. A 'bon vivant', she's always up for a party and at her happiest with a glass of champagne in hand


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ARTISTS, FEATURED, MUSIC, NAGALAND, NORTHEAST ARTISTS
This 23-Year-Old Student is using Rap Music to Talk About Society Issues, and to Promote His Culture | Meet Moko Koza from Nagaland
written by Ovung Jungio
There's no denying about the power of Music – it can heal, it can connect people around the world, and it has the potential to bring about change. Today we have a young rapper from Nagaland who has been in the music scene for over a decade but only recently caught our attention through his very catchy and powerful Nagamese* rap (*local dialect in Nagaland) called "Puisa" – meaning Money. He apostatizes the money-mad posse in his verses – which are shrewdly propped up by a sampled vocal hook from Aloe Blacc's "I Need A Dollar", a fitting motif for this game-changing Nagamese tune.
Meet 23-year old Moko Koza from Nagaland, an anthropology student and a talented rapper, who is using music as a medium to highlight issues in the society, and to promote his culture by using local dialects in his music, and through international collabs – with his most recent being "Internationally Known" – a single released in collaboration with rappers from Detroit and Sarkar Musik.
We chat with Moko Koza – a student of Kohima Science College to know more about his music career, what he aims to achieve through his music, and his latest projects.
Photo: Moko Koza from Kohima, Nagaland
Hello Moko, please introduce yourself.
Hey! I'm Moko Koza. I'm 23 and I'm a rapper based in Kohima, Nagaland. I'm currently in my final year of M.Sc in Anthropology at Kohima Science College, Jotsoma. I have been a part of the rap music scene for more than a decade now, and I have 2 music videos releasing very soon.
Coming to your music, you often mix local Naga dialects with English in a modern sonic aesthetic. What are your thoughts on the need to promote your Naga heritage through modern mediums – like rap?
In this post-globalization era where social media plays a huge role in flattening the world even further, the young crowd tends to incorporate various nuggets of popular culture into their own. So there's the excitement of a whole new world opening up to us with the click of a button. But that kind of exposure comes with a trade-off – that of, forgetting our identity or abandoning our rich cultural heritage. I make sure I don't lose my home roots even while incorporating new styles or collaborating with artists from around the world.
"As a youth myself, I try to use music as a medium to reach out to people – to educate and promote our rich culture through well crafted lyrical storytelling. I am all for being organic and authentic but at the same time not shy of incorporating mainstream elements for maximum impact and reach."
Moko Koza's "Internally Known" in collaboration with Detroit rappers and Sarkar Musik.
"Internationally Known" out now on YouTube!! @sarkarmusik @pj_saidit @kid_jingx @suparonentertainment #nagaland #detroit #sarkarmusik #delhiraps
A post shared by Moko Koza (@mokokoza) on May 24, 2018 at 6:21am PDT
Talking about your roots, how has your Naga upbringing and culture influenced your music?
Growing up in Nagaland, a place where there are so many tribes with their own unique dialects, customs, festivals, food, etc has definitely shaped my world and my music. Nagas are an interesting community and I am proud to be a part of this culturally rich group. My Naga society, people and our way of life influence my music to a great extent.
"I am especially drawn by the way various Naga tribes are able to communicate amongst themselves through shared beliefs – despite differences in their mother tongue, and even certain customs at times. This quality has helped me and my music reach out to people and artists beyond my home state."
Photo: Moko Koza with Sarkar Musik – working on their collab "Internationally Known"
No denying that Rap is a popular genre – with artists like Kendrick Lamar even winning a Pulitzer award in recent times. What are your thoughts on the place of rap in Nagaland?
Rap music is, without a doubt, one of the most popular genre at the moment – fiercely dominating the Billboard charts all over the world (go check it out yourself!) Asian countries too are not unaffected by its popularity with many artists from the region gaining international recognition.
In Nagaland, it is still taking its time to break away from the stereotypical association with immorality and sometimes vulgarity. It is often perceived as a youthful menace. But what many don't realize is that rap music, with its energy and its popularity with the youth, can be a powerful medium to creatively address issues relating to society and life in general.
"Rap can provide a platform to the youths – affected by social ills, to raise their voice and reach out to people from all walks of life and speak of matters and issues that would otherwise be a treading ground for few privileged circles."
Naga youths dancing to Moko Koza's Nagamese rap song "Puisa" as a way to raise awareness for clean elections during Nagaland elections 2018.
Election time ase, puisa ekla share nakurina etu video bi share kuridibi de😁 Dance by Ethnic Future group. Choreographed by Akehoto Yeptho.
A post shared by Moko Koza (@mokokoza) on Feb 18, 2018 at 8:09am PST
He raps (translated to English) "Dear Government, please spare some change to fill up the potholes. Gives me a heartache just to look at the Nagaland roads; when it rains even the roads fill up with tears. God bless my Nagaland. I am not a know-it-all trying to preach here, but everybody goes blind when they see money. My respect 'salaam' to all those sweating it out to earn; you are the true name-bearers of the society. I urge with the truth to take this love for money you have, and love yourself instead for a change . . ."
Name three artists whom you think people should watch out for from the local scene?
Currently, in the scene, I would say Lc Sekhose, M-Dox & Rugks.
What can we expect in the coming days from you as an artist and the rap community in Nagaland?
There is so much happening within the hip-hop community in the state right now. More and more young and talented rappers are taking up the mic with an ardent and unadulterated passion for the art. Fans of the genre are being vocal about their commitment to the community by coming out in hordes to support local acts too. We have recently concluded the second edition of "Urban Jam" which is a positive step towards better and greater things to come in the near future.
"As for me, I am currently working on my debut album and you can expect new music and music videos from me pretty soon!! Also, I would like to give a shoutout to Asalie Peseyie (aka NV), one of the first rappers from Nagaland."
Moko Koza during a performance.
Follow him on YouTube and Instagram for all music and gig updates. Click below to check out his song "One Day (Khunhie Puo)" (English/Tenyidie Rap Song) [Note: Tenyidie is the local dialect of Angami Naga tribe]
Ovung Jungio
An ordinary boy writing about an extraordinary life in the hills.Loves listening to obscure indie bands and over analysing retro cinema. Writes about everything from Music, philosophy to short stories.
Latest posts by Ovung Jungio (see all)
This 23-Year-Old Student is using Rap Music to Talk About Society Issues, and to Promote His Culture | Meet Moko Koza from Nagaland - August 25, 2018
Meet Gilbert Lotha Owner Of "Café Serrano" Nagaland ,Who Dares To Do More Than Just Dream Away - June 26, 2018
Turning The Mundane Into Something Insane and Outrageous | Meet Self-Taught Digital Artist Onen - June 22, 2018
Filed under: ARTISTS, FEATURED, MUSIC, NAGALAND, NORTHEAST ARTISTS
Tagged with: Kohima, local musician, Moko Koza, Music Artist, Musician, naga rapper, rap music
by Ovung Jungio
Previous PostJoseph's Travel Pics Show Us Why We All Need A Little Bit Of Bhutan In Our Lives!
Next PostThis 18-Year-Old Photographer Has a Unique Talent of Capturing People in Their Most Beautiful Element | Meet Richard Pao From Manipur


I am in Seattle, it is the second week of February, and the sun is shining. It wasn't shining yesterday, but it was the day before that. And several days last week. Believe me, I'm not lying.
Still it is that time of year when people are beginning to talk about warm places. Yesterday, we imagined Mexico, Jamaica, Hawaii, Spain. Name a place, think of the beach, take a minute to imagine the smell of sunscreen.
I am realizing I like Seattle even when the sun isn't shining. Our sunless days are long but I appreciate the time. I sit at my desk and feel grateful to be able to do the things I've been wanting to do. And even when the sun isn't out, Seattle is still very pretty. There is moss. Yesterday, I saw the first pink cherry blossom. And our sound, our lakes, are an amazing slate blue.
We had some wonderful fog a few weeks ago. I work up in the night and all I could see from my window were red and green traffic lights and yellow street lights. A few of the street lights were blue, I imagine, from the new energy efficient blubs. Everything was white but these cones of color.
The park, a few hours later, was suddenly small, and secure. I thought of the expression I sometimes use, of being in a fog and how wrong it is. The fog does obscure things, but it also makes the world close to us so much clearer.
Yesterday, we were out in the mountains because the forecast had called for sun. But it never came. When we got back to the city we stopped for a coffee. I thought: I like Seattle! I even like the grey.
Where else could you find a coffee happy hour, an antique cash register, and –for only five dollars–Coffee, Scones, Pastries, and Live Girls?
"Live Girls" is one thing, but not far south of Seattle there's a Live Butcher – a family occupation now with its 3rd generation at the helm and in its newest location. I doubt there is ever a "Live Girl" holding the cleaver, however.


Established in 1986 by Debbie Lattin, Debbie Lattin Insurance Agency is your one stop shop for all of your insurance needs. If you are looking for personal lines or a business owner's policy, this is the place to find it all. Though we are still small in the commercial insurance department, our other areas meet or beat the competition! Our service cannot be surpassed! We have grown to a full service insurance agency. Debbie Lattin Insurance serves the needs of thousands of individuals and families in Southern Idaho.
Debbie started in the insurance business in 1979, working for a local health insurance company. Embarking on her own in 1986, she eventually included property and casualty insurance to her portfolio and now offers all lines of insurance. Married, the mother of 4 and 5 grandchildren.
Jill joined us in 2001, coming from another agency with a prior 7 years experience at that time. She works the property/casualty division and is diligent in making certain that you have the best rate for the coverage that you need. She is married and the mother of two.
Proud father of two, Spencer joined us in 2008. He brings new ideas and is also brave enough to be the first man to join our staff! Spencer is licensed in property and casualty and is here to help you with all your home, auto and commercial insurance needs.
Married and the proud mommy of one rambunctious son, Missy joined our staff in May 2014 and brings a great deal of knowledge and a willingness to dig into any problem or question that you may have. She understands the process and can assist with most any insurance question you may have.


SonoPad is the first full fledged third party alternative Sonos remote control available for your iPad.
Also don't miss my new App "SonoPhone" for iPhone!
or come over to my homepage www.sonopad.com with much more information and screenshots available.
- volume + progress popups: when changing volume or progress of a song, you get popups telling you the actual values. Stop guessing your desired values today!
- pregenerated links and searches based on your playlist: you are just a tap away from Wikipedia, Lyrics search, Tourdates Search, Last.FM, YouTube, AllMusic, MusicBrainz and many more.
SonoPad tries to optimize most often used tasks to have the least taps needed. In the end you are able to navigate and control your players much more fluently.
- shortcuts to most used functions: on the bottom bar you have shortcut buttons for artist, albums, radio and musicservices. The Radios menu is rearranged so you are only two taps away from your radio favorites from any place.
- you can control the volume of every player directly from the players popup. No need to switch players anymore.
- No portrait mode on the main screen yet.
- you can start SonoPad with the 'sonopad://' URL from other remote Apps. Its also possible to hand over a return URL and a default player to be selected. Read more about it on my blog!
- Sonos is registered trademark of Sonos, Inc.
- with version 10.1 Sonos introduced changes to the zone management, which made SonoPad not being able to render synchronized players properly. This version makes SonoPad compatible with Sonos 10.1 firmware version again. Of course backwards compatibility to older Sonos firmware versions is kept.
Was exited to find an app that would work (the app from Sonos is a joke). But, this app is not a good as it sounds. It's not intuitive. It doesn't find playlists like it should. When it does and loads them, it doesn't play anything even though you click the play button. It's weird the way it does load playlists, then has to load them again in the play list-play side. The really stupid thing is, when I open the native Sonos App and got it to play (finally), THEN this app turned right around and was playing the same play lists. If I turned playlist off in this app, it auctioned on the native app. Just kluge. And while the developer is nice, there is simply ZERO help files out there. So now, I have paid for an app that isn't working and difficult to use and a native Sonos App that is a joke and doesn't work correctly at all. Which means, my Sonos system is now all junk to store in the garage. This is infuriating. I would not buy this again.
you wrote me via support and together we found out that you were trying to play music directly from your iPad - which is not supported by this App (as written in the description).
I offered you a refund, because noone should pay for an App or system that is of no use to him. You never responded to this, instead it looks like that you use your AppStore comment to express your dissatisfaction with Sonos as a whole system.
The AppStore description links to a YouTube video by the way, which shows you all available features and how they work. As everything else should be self explanatory there is indeed no further documentation (besides the websites which also contains some blog posts about some special advanced features).
Finding your Apple Music is difficult and the interface to do this needs updating. Albums will load into playlists in disorder and not in order of album. Search mechanism needs work. All in all I would not buy again.
Great App; GREATER customer support!!!
NOTE: I wrote this the day before he updated the app. Since it doesn't show up under "current version" reviews, I have reposted. I am very pleased with this app. I find the interface more visually pleasing than the Sonos app. The quick access to Artist info is very nice. The GUI for Zone Managment is very nice, as is volume control.
However, by far the greaest part of my experience has been with support. I had an issue that caused the app to freeze frequently. I wrote the developer, who responded in about 12 hours. I sent him the requested logs, he found the problem, and had an update issued--all of which happened in less than 48 hours from my first email. This is superior service!!!


Hopefully you are putting together a team for the event, it should be a fun and enjoyable afternoon whether or not you are racing for stardom or riding with friends for the experience. If you cannot form a team, we can try to place you in a composite team. Make contact.


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Machine vision control of auto component production (x44)
The measurement system was developed in cooperation with Mateli LLC from Celje. It is designed for controlling component production in the automotive industry. The system is installed in TPV Brežice on the component production line for the new Renault Twingo.
The system is specific due to the number of sensors used on two stations. Every station has sixteen sensors, which measure the produced component's deviation from the reference. Even the smallest deviations from the reference which exceed the predefined tolerances can be detected. The system has in-built precise statistics for the production process analysis, and a user-friendly user interface, allow the operator on-the-spot manipulation of the production line. The system enables perfect production control as every component is precisely measured. All the measurements are logged in the central computer.
The equipment used in the project is: industrial analogue sensors and the PXI industrial computer produced by National Instruments. The system can run 24 hours per day which is essential in such complex production process, producing several thousand pieces per day. The system also enables value comparison with the actual 3D measurements in TPV 3D measurement room.
Medicine, Sport, E-Health
Measurement, Automatization
Wood processing industry
© 2003-2020, Wise Technologies Ltd. All rights reserved.


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Q: Injected TCP/UDP packets ignored by the linux kernel on virtual eth I try to create a local testing setup for a DPDK forwarding app, using network namespaces.
The setup I created looks like this:
veth0(10.0.0.1, namespace vnet0) <> veth1(no ip, host) <-DPDK forward-> veth3(no ip, host) <> veth2(10.0.0.2, namespace vnet1)
So 2 network namespaces each with a veth pair, where the host side of the pairs are "connected" using a forwarding DPDK app.
These are the full commands I'm using to create this setup:
sudo ip link add veth0 type veth peer name veth1
sudo ip link add veth2 type veth peer name veth3

sudo ip netns add vnet0
sudo ip netns add vnet1

sudo ip link set veth0 netns vnet0
sudo ip link set veth2 netns vnet1

sudo ip -n vnet0 set veth0 up
sudo ip -n vnet1 set veth2 up

sudo ip link set veth1 up
sudo ip link set veth3 up

sudo ip -n vnet0 addr add 10.0.0.1/24 dev veth0
sudo ip -n vnet1 addr add 10.0.0.2/24 dev veth2

DPDK app:
sudo dpdk-skeleton --vdev=net_af_packet0,iface=veth1 --vdev=net_af_packet1,iface=veth3

Frames are properly forwarded between the namespaces, and ICMP ECHO also works:
sudo ip netns exec vnet1 ping 10.0.0.1

PING 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.116 ms

However, UDP and TCP packets are ignored by the kernel:
sudo ip netns exec vnet0 nc -l -p 8080
sudo ip netns exec vnet1 nc 10.0.0.1 8080

(TCP syn packets are being re-transmitted, without any syn+ack response from 10.0.0.1)
Running wireshark in both namespaces shows all of the relevant frames, yet the kernel seems to ignore the injected(forwarded) UDP/TCP packets.
What am I missing? Is there another way to test a forwarding app on a single host?

A: The problem was that veth interfaces are using checksum offload by default so the forwarded packets had a bad checksum and were ignored by the kernel.
Running ethtool --offload IFACE rx off tx off on all 4 veth interfaces fixed it.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Happy first Sunday of August! Today's Buzz features congressional support for Gary Johnson, the first US gold, and the Kid being inducted into the Mariner Hall of Fame. Today's Buzz is dedicated to Brazil's natural beauty.
Virginia native shoots her way to first U.S. gold: 19-year-old Ginny Thrasher of Springfield, who first fired a gun five years ago while hunting deer with her grandfather, won the 10-meter air rifle finals.
Congressman Backs Libertarian Presidential Candidate in Campaign First: Representative Scott Rigell, a Republican who opposes Donald J. Trump, is the first member of Congress to throw his support to Gary Johnson.
Hillary Clinton's Moral Conflicts on Abortion: During the 2016 presidential campaign, Hillary Clinton has repeatedly spoken out in support of the right to abortion. Planned Parenthood president Cecile Richards has praised Clinton for treating reproductive issues as "more than just a sound bite" and the pro-choice organizations Emily's List and NARAL Pro-Choice America have endorsed her. However, Clinton's views on abortion are more nuanced and reflect her religious commitments to a greater degree than partisans on either side of the issue may realize.
Green Party Sees Opportunity Amid Wide Voter Discontent: The party, which held its convention on Saturday in Houston, has a new sense of vitality as its candidate, Jill Stein, draws about 5 percent in polls.
Making Olympic Boxing Safer by Eliminating Head Guards: The International Boxing Association decided to eliminate the guards for amateur male boxers, concluding that they did not prevent concussions.
Obama Arrives in Martha's Vineyard for Two-Week Vacation: The president headed into his two-week break in an unusually festive mood, having just celebrated his 55th birthday and with Hillary Clinton ahead in the polls.
Detroit swarmed by volunteer army on Neighborhoods Day: There are cleanup and fix-up days, volunteer days, street party days — and then there's Neighborhoods Day in Detroit.
A Safeco Field packed with fans and all-time greats honor Mariners hero Ken Griffey Jr.: The former center fielder, who was recently inducted into the Hall of Fame, is the first Mariner to have his number retired.
Oregon Senator Alan Bates dies at age 71: Oregon State Sen. Alan Bates of Medford died on Friday.
The Trouble with Corey Lewandowski on CNN: This week, Jeff Zucker, the president of CNN, offered an upbeat assessment of one of the network's newest additions, Donald Trump's former campaign manager, Corey Lewandowski, whom Zucker hired as an on-air political commentator in June. "I actually think he's done a really nice job," Zucker said in an interview with Variety.
Pete Fountain, a Clarinetist Known for His High-Spirited New Orleans Jazz, Is Dead at 86: Mr. Fountain brought the traditional jazz of his native New Orleans to a national audience through frequent appearances on the Lawrence Welk and Johnny Carson television shows.


How can you create a fantastic first impression with every visitor?
The answer is our electronic signage solution. When you want a single screen display that is going to catch the eye of every visitor that walks through your doors and really shows what your company is about then d|sign can help you to achieve this.
Through the use of electronic signage you can update your information in real time. You can start with a personal message welcoming every visitor by name that you are expecting on that day to your building. Maybe you want to highlight your company's products, services and achievements or even show a corporate video. d|sign will help you to set a fantastic first impression with it's professionally designed screen layout which can reflect your own corporate image.
If you want to maximize your limited advertising space and replace boring static notices with digital signage displays then d|sign is the solution for you. Maybe you want to highlight the achievements of your award winning restaurant to customers of your bar during the evening. Maybe you want to cross sell your weekend rooms to regular business customers showing what great discounts you are offering. Maybe you have a special drinks promotion that is not selling as well as you know it could and you want to promote it with a lot more impact.
The possibilities for your content are as many and varied as the students that will see it. Here are some examples of usage and information you could soon be distributing too.


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Q: Need to route from one Html page to other page , i am using cordova and Backbone.js to create an android app I am using Backbone.js and cordova to create an android app. We are creating a login form and are using an ajax call to the web service. Can anyone say the what code should be written into the Success: function(){------} of ajax function so that it redirects to another HTML page?

A: You can navigate to another page using window.location.href. An example is shown below
    function(){ window.location.href = "examplePage.html";}


Ocean View House has always occupied a prime position on Cape Town's Atlantic coast; close to the famous Camps Bay with its bars restaurants and beautiful beach, but far enough away to be an oasis of peace and serenity. With the most breath-taking views of the Atlantic Oceans spread out before you and the 12 Apostle Mountains standing watch behind you, it is not surprising that all the rooms at Ocean View House enjoy amazing vistas. Guests at Ocean View House are truly spoilt for choice, they can find peace under the ancient milkwood trees that shade the park-like gardens, relax at the pool or explore the mountain stream and koi ponds that dot the terrain and gardens or they can even arrange a personalised tour with the very knowledgeable private in-house tour guide.
•	All rates quoted per room and incl. Breakfast, quoted in South African Rand and inclusive of 15% VAT, subject to change without prior notice.
•	All reservations must be guaranteed with a 50% deposit of the total Accommodation amount, payable within 7 days of making the reservation. The balance of the accommodation amount is payable 30 days prior to arrival. Confirmation of your reservation will be issued upon receipt of your deposit.
•	All children younger than 3 years stay free of charge. All children older than 3 years are charged the 3rd person supplement. Maximum capacity of extra beds in certain room categories is 1.
Nice rooms and facilities are excellent. Very good breakfast and staff are all extremely helpful. Would thoroughly recommend.
Very nice grounds. Wonderful view; even saw a whale from the pool deck. Pleasant room although a little plain. I'm not one for overly friendly or intrusive hosts but the atmosphere here felt a little too impersonal. Still, with such a great location, I would stay here again and again.
Great location, lovely views over the ocean, beautiful gardens, very relaxing. We really enjoyed our stay here.
Ocean View House is 6.4km from the centre of Cape Town , the nearest airport 24.9km (Cape Town International Airport).


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Moonlander is the second studio album by American musician Stone Gossard, best known as a member of Pearl Jam. The album was released on June 25, 2013, by Monkeywrench Records.

Track listing

References

2013 albums
Stone Gossard albums
Monkeywrench Records albums

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Nov 29 (Lagos) - Crude oil prices slipped below $50 a barrel for the first time in 2018.
Brent crude futures, traded down 74 cents, or 1.25%, to $58.35, after hitting its lowest level since Oct. 24, 2017.
Russian President indicated that he is comfortable with the current oil prices and that the Russian budget would be balanced at $40/barrel. He will meet with Saudi Arabia crown prince next week to discuss output.
US President has also tweeted his support towards lower oil prices.
India and China, the fastest growing economies of the world need lower oil prices to keep the growth rate going and if the oil prices start to climb above the $70/barrel mark, it starts affecting their currencies and global growth engine starts to falter.
Nigeria in the middle of all this is meeting with Saudi Arabia officials to discuss output levels but the nature of Nigeria's relationship with Saudi is that of follow the leader and do what the master says. World Bank predicted that Nigeria's GDP growth for 2018 will not even be 2% so no surprise that the stock market sold off again today.


February | 2013 | Richard M. Hicks Consulting, Inc.
With the recent release of Service Pack 3 (SP3) for Microsoft Forefront Unified Access Gateway (UAG) 2010, Microsoft has published a list of features in UAG SP3 that have been deprecated. To be clear, this does not mean these features cease to function after you install SP3 on UAG! It is simply meant to give network engineers and security administrators an idea about what features are likely to be removed from future releases of Forefront UAG. Some of the deprecated features should come as no surprise. For example, DirectAccess support in Forefront UAG is now deprecated in favor of DirectAccess in Windows Server 2012. Also, features such as Secure Sockets Tunneling Protocol (SSTP) for client-based remote access are better handled using the remote access role in Windows Server 2012. Other deprecated features may present more of a challenge if you've been relying on them to provide secure remote access to applications, such as the deprecation of support for some authentication repositories (e.g. Novell Directory, Notes Directory, TACACS) or the Java-based Session Cleanup tool. For a complete list of deprecated features in Forefront UAG SP3, click here.
Recently I wrote about the fact that the Microsoft Surface Pro is not supported as a DirectAccess client, because it ships with Windows 8 Professional pre-installed. Only Windows 8 Enterprise (and Windows 7 Enterprise and Ultimate) are supported for DirectAccess. However, that doesn't mean that the Surface Pro will never support DirectAccess. I simply meant to state that the Surface Pro didn't support DirectAccess out-of-the-box. That said, using your Surface Pro with DirectAccess will require installing Windows 8 Enterprise edition. Thankfully my good friend Kurt Shintaku documented in detail the steps required to accomplish this. Once you've completed these steps you should be able to join your Surface Pro to a domain and enable it as a DirectAccess client just like any other Windows 8 Enterprise device. Have fun!
Update: Read my post on how to install Windows 8 Enterprise and configure DirectAccess on the Microsoft Surface Pro here.
Support for Internet Explorer 10 on Windows 8 – Full support is provided only for Internet Explorer 10 in desktop mode. The modern UI version of Internet Explorer 10 does not provide support for browser add-ons. If a user accesses the Forefront UAG 2010 portal and the trunk is configured to install and launch the UAG client components, the user will receive a message indicating that the site requires add-ons which will require the desktop version of Internet Explorer 10.
You can download SP3 for Forefront UAG 2010 here. After installation the Forefront UAG 2010 build number will be 4.0.3206.10100.
This month Microsoft released an important hotfix to address a DirectAccess connectivity issue for Windows 7 clients connecting to a Windows Server 2012 DirectAccess Server. The hotfix specifically resolves an issue where Windows 7 clients face a very long delay reestablishing a DirectAccess session using the IP-HTTPS IPv6 transition protocol after recently disconnecting from a VPN session. In this scenario, Windows 7 DirectAccess clients may take as long as 15 minutes to automatically reestablish a DirectAccess session using IP-HTTPS. During this time the IP-HTTPS adapter state is displayed as disconnected. Refer to Microsoft KB 2796313 more information and to download the hotfix.
So, if you want to take advantage of the IP-HTTPS performance improvements in Windows Server 2012 DirectAccess, be sure to use Windows 8 clients!
Update: Recently with the help of the folks at F5, I developed a solution to emulate Windows 8 client behavior for Windows 7 DirectAccess clients using the F5 BIG-IP Local Traffic Manager (LTM). Using this technique allows you to *effectively* offload SSL for Windows 7 DirectAccess clients. Fore more details click here.
Join me in Belgium for Microsoft TechDays 2013! The event takes place at Kinepolis in Antwerp on March 5-6-7. I will be presenting a session on DirectAccess in Windows Server 2012 on March 7. The event will include sessions from many top speakers including Marcus Murray, Paula Januskiewicz, Tom Decaluwe, and more. There will be separate tracks for IT professionals and developers, so there will be something of interest to everyone. In addition, all attendees will receive a free 3 month TechNet subscription. Register today and don't miss out on this amazing event!
With the recent release of the Microsoft Surface Pro, many people have been asking me about DirectAccess connectivity for these devices. One of the requirements for DirectAccess connectivity is that the device be joined to a domain, a capability that the Surface RT lacked. Although the Surface Pro runs the full version of Windows 8, it is Windows 8 Professional. Sadly, DirectAccess connectivity is only supported for Windows 8 Enterprise edition clients, along with Windows 7 Enterprise and Ultimate editions.
So, if you have just purchased a new Microsoft Surface Pro and are hoping to configure it as a DirectAccess client, I'm afraid you're out of luck. In my opinion, the lack of DirectAccess support for Windows 8 and Windows 7 Professional is a serious flaw, especially when you consider all of the great use cases you can imagine when you have a full featured tablet with always-on, secure remote network connectivity. It's a shame, really. Let's hope this changes in the future!
The December 2012 collection of Windows updates included a number of changes that may adversely affect connectivity for DirectAccess clients. The December updates included changes to the Windows Root Certificate store and a hotfix for the IP Helper Service. Either or both of these updates could potentially prevent DirectAccess clients from connecting via the IPHTTPS IPv6 transition protocol. For more information read this post from the Forefront UAG Product Team.
Recently I had the opportunity to chat with fellow Microsoft Most Valuable Professional (MVP) Denny Cherry on his People Talking Tech podcast. We had a great time conversing about DirectAccess in Windows Server 2012. Give it a listen!


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Damian Lillard, Portland Trail Blazers agree to max contract
Portland Trail Blazers star Damian Lillard (0) agreed to a four-year, $196 million super maximum contract with the Trail Blazers on Sunday. File Photo by Larry W. Smith/EPA-EFE
June 30 (UPI) -- Superstar point guard Damian Lillard and the Portland Trail Blazers agreed to a four-year, $196 million super maximum contract extension, league sources told ESPN and Yahoo Sports on Sunday.
The All-Star guard will have a $54.3 million player option in the final year of the deal, according to ESPN.
Lillard has two years and about $61 million remaining on his current contract. The new extension, which will begin in 2021-22, will keep the star with the Trail Blazers through the 2024-25 season.
The 28-year-old guard led Portland to the Western Conference finals this season, which included a remarkable buzzer-beater to eliminate the Oklahoma City Thunder in the first round. Lillard is one of only four players to average at least 25 points and five assists per game in each of the last four campaigns, joining LeBron James, Stephen Curry and James Harden.
The Trail Blazers selected Lillard in the first round (No. 6 overall) in the 2012 NBA Draft out of Weber State. He has guided Portland to the postseason six times and ranks second in franchise history with 12,909 career points, trailing only Hall of Famer Clyde Drexler (18,040).
Milwaukee Bucks' Giannis Antetokounmpo to play for Greece in FIBA World Cup Kawhi Leonard requests meeting with Lakers' Jeanie Buss, Magic Johnson Klay Thompson to listen to Lakers, Clippers if Warriors don't offer max deal
NBA // 1 day ago
Trail Blazers trading Kent Bazemore to Kings in five-player swap
Jan. 19 (UPI) -- The Portland Trail Blazers agreed to trade veteran swingman Kent Bazemore to the Sacramento Kings in a cap-saving deal.
NBA // 4 days ago
Pelicans' Zion Williamson expected to debut Jan. 22 against Spurs
Jan. 15 (UPI) -- New Orleans Pelicans rookie Zion Williamson -- the No. 1 overall pick in the 2019 NBA Draft -- is expected to make his debut against the San Antonio Spurs Jan. 22 in New Orleans.
NBA // 1 week ago
Spurs' DeMar DeRozan throws down vicious dunk over Raptors
Jan. 13 (UPI) -- DeMar DeRozan coasted through defenders and threw down a vicious slam dunk during the San Antonio Spurs' win against the Toronto Raptors.
Brooklyn Nets' Kyrie Irving returns to starting lineup vs. Atlanta Hawks
Jan. 12 (UPI) -- Brooklyn Nets star point guard Kyrie Irving is in the starting lineup for Sunday's game against the Atlanta Hawks.
Philadelphia 76ers' Joel Embiid to undergo surgery for torn ligament in left hand
Jan. 9 (UPI) -- Philadelphia 76ers star center Joel Embiid will be out indefinitely after suffering a torn ligament in his left hand.
Lakers' Anthony Davis takes hard fall, expected to miss time
Jan. 8 (UPI) -- All-Star Anthony Davis fell to the floor while attempting a block and did not return to the game during a Los Angeles Lakers win against the New York Knicks.
Detroit Pistons' Blake Griffin out indefinitely following knee surgery
Jan. 7 (UPI) -- Detroit Pistons star forward Blake Griffin is out indefinitely after he underwent a successful arthroscopic procedure on his injured left knee.
Hawks star Trae Young shows off deceptive dribbles against Nuggets
Jan. 7 (UPI) -- Atlanta Hawks star Trae Young displayed some impressive dribble moves while fooling several defenders and scoring as part of an electric sequence during a loss to the Denver Nuggets.
Los Angeles Lakers listening to trade offers for Kyle Kuzma
Jan. 6 (UPI) -- General manager Rob Pelinka and the Los Angeles Lakers are listening to trade offers for third-year forward Kyle Kuzma.
LSU wins College Football Playoff National Championship


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Renovated village house, Haute-Vienne, Nouvelle Aquitaine
€108,500 [convert]
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Property Details: 3 Bedroom House, Pensol, Haute-Vienne, Nouvelle Aquitaine
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Primary Energy Consumption Band: 248
€108,500 [convert] Part Loads & Removals
France Property Shop ID: 409958
Reference: 7501126049
This village house in the Haute-Vienne has been renovated and comprises a kitchen, lounge, shower-room, toilets, cellar and boiler-room, 3 bedrooms (one with a balcony) and a big bathroom on the first floor and on the second floor, it has a big attic room with 2 windows which can be converted into bedrooms or playroom. There is also a separate garden of about 400 m² with a small outbuilding. To receive more information about this property and to be put in touch directly with our local agent, Paul Lowrie, please fill in the form below.
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Rangers Have NOT Offered 5M For 15 Cap International With Van Bronckhorst Considering 'Alternative' Targets
Content Editor Jan 5th 2022
Rangers have not made a bid for Bologna winger Andreas Skov Olsen, according to the Scottish Sun.
Reports coming out of Italy over the past 24 hours have claimed that the Light Blues have tabled a £5m offer for the 22-year-old but that is believed to be incorrect.
Olsen, who has 15 caps for Denmark, has been on the Gers' radar in the past but it appears that he won't be making the switch to Ibrox during the January transfer window.
The Scottish Sun say that manager Giovanni van Bronckhorst is exploring "alternative" transfer targets, although they don't go into detail about who he may be pursuing.
One player who does look set to seal a move to Rangers in the coming days, though, is New York City utility player James Sands. The American international is expected to join the Scottish champions on an eighteen-month loan deal, with an option to buy.


Sekelela Stationery and Printing is a 100 % black owned company. It is a full print, design and promotion enterprise. Through our unique and comprehensive business strategies we are able to deliver products and services that can meet our client requirements. Sekelela as positioned itself as a highly competitive company in our respective industry. Through the dedication of our highly qualified and experienced staff, we can meet our clients every need and provide excellent service delivery.
Our objective is to help you grow your business using services, solutions, and an interactive partnership. To help you reach those goals we have assembled a unique mix of employees, equipment, and technology to customize a solution for every challenge you face. Although we cannot be everything for everyone, we continue to add resources so that you can make one call and get the answers you need quickly and accurately.
Through our mentorship programme, we employ fresh college graduates and place them in various positions in our company. At Sekelela we believe in raw talent that can be matured.


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Ali Bakhtiar
A Comparison of Traditional Oriental Medicine, Homeopathy, and Western Medicine
| Health & Beauty
Throughout my years treating patients, giving seminars, and working with herbal companies, I have encountered individuals who wonder the differences between Traditional Oriental Medicine, Homeopathic and Western Medicine. Below is a simple explanation of the three medical approaches to medicine.
Traditional Oriental Medicine (TOM)
The roots of Traditional Oriental Medicine date back to more than 5000 years, making it the longest recorded history that uses medicinal herbs to treat various health conditions. Underlying the practice of TOM is a unique view of the world and the human body that is different from Western medicine concepts. This view basis itself on the ancient Chinese perception of humans as microcosms of the larger, surrounding universe—interconnected with nature and subject to its forces. The human body is an organic entity in which the various organs, tissues, and other parts have distinct functions but are all interdependent. In this view, health, and disease related to the balance of the functions.
Key components:
Yin-yang theory—the concept of two opposing, yet complementary, forces that shape the world and all life—is central to TOM.
In the TOM view, vital energy or life force called Qi (or chi) circulates in the body through a system of pathways called meridians. Health is an ongoing process of maintaining balance and harmony in the free-flow of Qi.
The TOM approach uses eight principles to analyze symptoms and categorize conditions: cold/heat, interior/exterior, excess/deficiency, and yin/yang (the chief principles). TOM also uses the theory of five elements—fire, earth, metal, water, and wood—to explain how the body works; these elements correspond to particular organs and tissues in the body.
The Chinese Materia Medica (a pharmacological reference book used by TOM practitioners) contains hundreds of medicinal substances—primarily plants, but also some minerals and animal products—classified by their perceived action in the body. Different parts of plants such as the leaves, roots, stems, flowers, and seeds get utilized for their healing purposes. Formulas combine these herbs and given as teas, capsules, tinctures, or powders.
The most significant aspect of TOM Herbal Medicinal Formulas is that medicine happens to get prescribed in combinations. Each of the herbs in the mixture may have dozens of active alkaloids and other ingredients, creating a dynamic and synergistic effect. While many single herbs such as Ginseng are sold in health food stores, a practitioner of TOM rarely prescribes a single herb. Instead, a formula will contain several herbs chosen for specific qualities concerning the patient's whole health condition. By combining the herbs, the risk of side effects is reduced, and the strengths of the single herbs are enhanced to create an effective therapeutic result.
In a single prescription, herbs assign different tasks to bring about multiple physiological changes, all to balance the entire person to both eliminate the immediate symptoms and to treat the root cause of the illness. There is a hierarchy of ingredients within an herbal formula. "Chief" herbs correct the main imbalances of the body. The "deputy" assist the chief herbs to target the primary condition and treat a secondary condition. The "assistant" reinforces the action of the chief and deputy, as well as harmonizing harsh effects or toxicity of the herbs. Finally, the "envoy" is the messenger herb that directs the effects of the formula to individual channels or areas of the body and integrates the function of the rest of the herbs.
Prescribing herbal formulas is a complex discipline that takes years of training and experience to master.
Homeopathy, also known as homeopathic medicine, is a medical system developed in Germany more than 200 years ago and practiced in the United States since the early 19th century.
It is a form of alternative medicine in which practitioners treat patients using highly diluted preparations that are believed to cause healthy people to exhibit symptoms that are similar to those presented by the patient.
As an example, homeopathy takes an active ingredient (derived from herbs, animals, and minerals) that would cause a runny nose in a person, dilutes it, and gives it to the person with a runny nose. This idea thereby meets the homeopathic principle of "treating like with like.
The principle of dilutions (or "law of minimum dose") states that the lower the dose of the medication, the greater its effectiveness. In homeopathy, substances dilution occurs in a stepwise fashion and shaken vigorously between each dilution. Many people believe the process, referred to as "potentization," transmits some form of information or energy from the original substance to the final diluted remedy. Most homeopathic remedies are so dilute that no molecules of the healing substance remain. However, in homeopathy, practitioners believe that the substance has left its imprint or "essence," which stimulates the body to heal itself (this theory is called the "memory of water").
Western Medicine
Western medicine, also known as "traditional medicine" or "allopathic medicine," is the term used to describe the treatment of medical conditions with medications, by doctors, nurses and other conventional healthcare providers who employ methods developed according to Western medical and scientific traditions. It differs from Traditional Oriental Medicine, or "alternative medicine," in its approach to treatment, which relies heavily upon industrially produced medications and strict adherence to the formal scientific process.
Western medicine encompasses all types of conventional medical treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, physical therapy, and medication. Most Western pharmacological substances come from herbs, animals, and minerals in the same way Homeopathic & TOM utilize these substances. However, in Western Medicine, the active ingredient is isolated and highly concentrated, which is often the cause for many of the side-effects seen from pharmaceutical drugs.


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» Soviet Union
Gemini spacecraft
Last Updated on Thu, 11 Jan 2018 | Soviet Union
Gemini has been called the first true spaceship, because its revolutionary design allowed it to change orbits and actually "fly" in space, rather than just following the trajectory into which it was initially launched. It was also the first spacecraft with a docking capability. Conceived after Apollo, Gemini's design was in many ways more advanced than the spacecraft that succeeded it. Even after its last flight in 1966 Gemini had a long afterlife, with proposals for new projects based on the spacecraft continuing into the 1970s.
PARAGLIDER TEST
One early concept for Gemini would have seen it fly back to a ground-based landing beneath a glider called a Rogallo Wing. However, tests showed that the wing would not always deploy reliably, and so the concept was abandoned in favour of a splashdown.
rendezvous antenno hatch electrical connectors
fuel inlet and outlet valves horizon sensors re -entry attitude-control system
Command Pilot's ejection seat waste storage parachute landing system drogue parachute system instrument panel second pilot's ejection seot control system
INSIDE GEMINI 7
The capsule's resemblance to the flight deck of a jet was partly due to Jim Chamberlin, a Canadian engineer who joined NASA after working on the Avro Arrow fighter-interceptor aircraft project.
rendezvous antenno
RECOVERY AT SEA
Gemini was suspended from its parachute at two points, allowing it to splash down horizontally. The weighting of the spacecraft kept it upright in the water until the recovery crew arrived and attached a flotation collar.
parachute landing system drogue parachute system instrument panel hatch fuel inlet and outlet valves heat shield second pilot's ejection seot
STACKING GEMINI 4
After the Gemini spacecraft arrived at Kennedy Space Center (above), it was stacked onto a Titan launch vehicle and raised using an erector tower. There was no escape tower on top of the capsule - unlike in Mercury and Apollo, Gemini astronauts would have used their ejector seats for emergency escapes.
GEMINI FUEL CELL
Gemini was the first spacecraft to use fuel-cell technology, which generated electricity by chemically combining hydrogen and oxygen to form water. This allowed it to operate for much longer than its predecessor.
electrical connectors horizon sensors re -entry attitude-control system control system
Command Pilot's ejection seat waste storage
During a tour of OKB-1 to review progress on the Soyuz spacecraft, Korolev surprises both cosmonauts and colleagues with his plans for a three-man version of Vostok.
Development of the Voskhod project is approved by the Soviet government's Military-Industrial Commission.
Following testing of the landing systems, the Council of Chief Designers meets to approve Voskhod 1 as ready for spaceflight.
A test drop of the Voskhod re-entry module from 10km (33,000ft) ends in a spectacular crash. Nevertheless, Korolev overrides the concerns of others about the retro-rocket system.
A Voskhod test launch goes almost flawlessly. The capsule returns safely to Earth a day later.
Voskhod 1 is launched from Baikonour on a daylong flight.
After the announcement of the US Gemini project, Sergei Korolev was determined to maintain a Soviet lead in the Space Race. The result was Voskhod, a hurriedly modified and risky three-man spacecraft.
MINOR MODIFICATION
Externally, Vostok and Voskhod looked to be near-twins. Even the new retro-rockets were attached to the descent parachute rather than to the capsule.
When the Gemini programme was announced in December 1961, it created a dilemma for Soviet politicians and engineers alike. The true successor to the Vostok capsules was Korolev's ambitious three-man Soyuz complex (see p.128), but this was still in the early stages of development, and the signs were that Gemini would certainly be ready long before it took flight. Faced with the prospect of losing the lead in the Space Race long before the final chase to the Moon, Korolev took a desperate gamble - one that would put the lives of his cosmonauts at more risk than ever before, but which would ultimately fool the watching world and maintain Soviet prestige. The Chief Designer apparently took the decision to develop a makeshift three-man capsule without consulting his superiors.
Secrets of the Deep Sky
Vostok spacecraft - Soviet Union
Mercury and Venus - Soviet Union
Mercury capsule - Soviet Union
Successors to the Shuttle
Reinventing Salyut - Soviet Union


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Earth Hasn't Warmed in 15 years, UN Climate Change Report Says
CP Current Page: Politics | Friday, September 27, 2013
By Napp Nazworth, Christian Post Reporter | Friday, September 27, 2013
The United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has a new report showing that the Earth has not warmed in the past 15 years. The results have those who believe that carbon dioxide emissions pose significant threat to the planet scrambling to explain why their previous predictions have not occurred. Critics of human-caused-climate-change arguments are using the results to argue, in essence, "see, I told you so."
Despite the fact that the IPCC's previous predictions did not come to pass, the new report argues that human impact on the climate is "unequivocal" and, given enough time, its predictions will eventually come true.
If humans release 800 to 880 gigatonnes of carbon into the atmosphere, the report predicts that the Earth's temperature will rise to dangerous levels by the end of this century. Of that amount, 530 gigatonnes has already been emitted.
The IPCC's reports are widely considered the most thorough of their kind on the science of climate change, and is often cited by those concerned about global warming. In 2007, the IPCC won a Nobel Peace Prize for its work. The first part of the report was released Friday. Other parts will be released throughout the Fall.
The report theorizes that the Earth has not warmed because some of the planets natural cooling effects overwhelmed the warming effects of burning fossil fuels. The non-warming of the last 15 years is a temporary fluctuation within a larger warming trend, the report argues.
The previous predictions turned out not to be true because they failed to understand three things, the report says: 1) Fifteen years ago, 1998, was an unusually warm year because of a naturally occurring weather cycle known as "El Niño." 2) The Earth trapped much of the extra heat in its oceans, rather than the atmosphere, and the previous report did not expect that to happen. 3) Unexpected volcanic activity has counteracted warming effects. It cooled the Earth by putting gases in the air that deflect planet-warming solar radiation.
Ironically, the report's three explanations reinforce some of the critic's arguments. The Earth is much more complicated than the "global warming alarmists" admit, they argue. The science does not know, some of these critics claim, how much impact human activity will have on the climate compared to the planet's natural warming and cooling cycles. The IPCC report shows that previous predictions turned out not to be true because of exactly that – the planet's natural effects turned out to have a greater impact than the introduction of more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels.
In a recent op-ed for The Christian Post, for instance, climate scientists David Legates and Roy Spencer argue that putting more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels will impact that climate, but that impact has been greatly exaggerated by those who believe that the use of fossil fuels needs to be drastically curbed. A drastic reduction in fossil fuels will have little impact on the climate, they wrote, but it would have a large impact on the global economy, and would especially harm the poor and vulnerable.
The IPCC report comes after another finding this Summer that also runs counter to previous global warming predictions. Antarctic sea ice has grown and reached 35-year high, according to the National Snow & Ice Data Center.
Those who argue that human activity is having a large impact on the climate, and that impact can be deterred by drastically reducing the use of fossil fuels, appear undeterred by the IPCC report.
In response to the report, Sec. of State John Kerry said the United States would continue to lead on climate change by seeking to reduce fossil fuel emissions.
"This is yet another wakeup call: those who deny the science or choose excuses over action are playing with fire," he said, according to The Guardian. "Once again, the science grows clearer, the case grows more compelling, and the costs of inaction grow beyond anything that anyone with conscience or commonsense should be willing to even contemplate.
"With those stakes, the response must be all hands on deck. It's not about one country making a demand of another. It's the science itself, demanding action from all of us. The United States is deeply committed to leading on climate change."
Evangelicals and Climate Change: What Does the Future Hold? (Pt. 1)
Evangelicals and Climate Change: Global Warming Activists (Pt. 2)
Evangelicals and Climate Change: Global Warming Skeptics (Pt. 3)
Climate Change: Evangelical Scientists Say Limbaugh Wrong, Faith and Science Complement One Another
Climate Change Rebuttal: Evangelical Scientists Correct One Error, Make Others of their Own
God, Rush, and Global Warming
Climate Week: Tony Blair Says Man-Made Climate Change 95 Percent Certain, Changes Needed
NY Times' dual endorsement 'clouds political consciousness,' Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez says
SBA List launches $52M effort to reelect Trump, 'most pro-life president in history'
Trump-appointed judge rules against using trans pronouns in child porn convict case
Mike Pence called 'one of the most persecuted Christians in America' at church MLK celebration


About 1 in 160 pregnancies result in stillbirth.
From Selah's "You Deliver Me" CD, this video is filled with all the emotion of loving parents.
Sadly, about 1 in 160 pregnancies result in stillbirth. Stillbirth is defined as the intrauterine death that occurs after 20 weeks gestation. Many of those who have experienced stillbirth want answers: Why? What happened?
The Daily Strength Stillbirth Support Group offers free, anonymous support from those who have experienced stillbirth themselves.