text:
Medal Of Honor Resting Places - A Waymarking.com Category
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Medal Of Honor Resting Places
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Locate the resting place of one of approximately 3400 Americans who have received the nations highest award for valor: The Medal of Honor.
Currently displaying Medal Of Honor Resting Places
Unknown Warrior - Westminster Abbey, London, UK
in Medal Of Honor Resting Places
The Medal of Honor was bestowed upon the Unknown Warrior whose remains lie in Westminster Abbey. It was awarded by an act of Congress approved 4 March 1921.
John Hunter Wickersham - Saint Mihiel - France
John Hunter Wickersham (February 3, 1890 – September 12, 1918) was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration—the Medal of Honor—for his actions in World War I.
posted by: Alfouine
John A. Chapman-Windber, PA
Afghanistan Medal of Honor Recipient for action at Takur Ghar, Afghanistan on March 4, 2002. He was killed in action. He is buried in Saint Mary Byzantine Catholic Church Cemetery, Windber, PA in Lot 287.
Martin Wambsgan-Syracuse, NY
Civil War Medal of Honor Recipient for action at Cedar Creek, VA on October 19, 1864. He is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery, Syracuse, NY in Section 21, Lot 97.
Travis W. Atkins-Bozeman, MT
Iraqi Freedom Medal of Honor Recipient for action at Abu Samak, Iraq on June 1, 2007. He was Killed in Action. He is buried in Sunset Hills Cemetery, Bozeman, MT in Veterans Section, Block 129, Lot 100.
Robert Dale Maxwell Jr.-Terrebonne, OR
World War II Medal of Honor Recipient for action near Besancon, France on September 7, 1944. He is buried in Terrebonne Pioneer Cemetery, Terrebonne, OR in Block 1, Lot 85E.
Wesley Lee Fox-Arlington, VA
Vietnam War Medal of Honor Recipient for action at Quang Tri Province, Republic of Vietnam on February 22, 1969. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery in Section 55, Site 1125.
William Williams-Philadelphia, PA
Civil War Medal of Honor Recipient for action on board the USS Lehigh at Charleston Harbor, SC on November 16, 1863. He is buried in Mount Moriah, US Naval Plot in Section 2, Row 23, Grave 13.
John Williams-Philadelphia, PA
Civil War Medal of Honor Recipient for action on board the USS Pawnee in the attack upon Mathias Point, VA on June 26, 1861. He is buried in Mount Moriah Cemetery, U.S. Naval Plot, Philadelphia, PA in Section 1, Row 4, Grave 14.
Benjamin Franklin Young AKA Benjamin Franklin Youngs-Los Angeles, CA
Civil War Medal of Honor Recipient for action at Petersburg, VA on June 17, 1864. He is buried in Los Angeles Odd Fellows Cemetery, Los Angeles, CA in Avenue 7, Lot 55.
Robert James Miller-Casselberry, FL
Afghanistan War Medal of Honor Recipient for action near Barikowt, Nari District, Konar Province, Afghanistan on January 25, 2008. He was Killed in Action. He is buried in All Faiths Memorial Park, Casselberry, FL in the Garden of Honor (Section 13), Lot D, Space 1.
John William Finn-Live Oak Springs, CA
World War II Medal of Honor Recipient for action during the attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7, 1941. He is buried in Saint Carmel Cemetery, Live Oak Springs, CA.
Barney Fushimi Hajiro-Honolulu, HI
World War II Medal of Honor Recipient for action in the vicinity of Bruyeres and Biffontaine, eastern France on October 19, 22, and 29, 1944. He is buried in National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific, Honolulu, HI in Section G, Lot 75.
Horatio N. Young-Saint Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada
Civil War Medal of Honor Recipient for action on board the USS Lehigh in Charleston Harbor, SC on November 16, 1863. He is buried in St. Stephen Rural Cemetery, Saint Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada in Section 127, Lot 16311.
Daniel Ken Inouye-Honolulu, HI
World War II Medal of Honor Recipient for action in the vicinity of San Terenzo, Italy on April 21, 1945. He is buried in National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific, Honolulu, HI in Section D, Site 391-A.
John Druse Hawk-Bremerton, WA
World War II Medal of Honor Recipient for action at Chambois, France on August 20, 1944. He is buried in Miller-Woodlawn Memorial Park, Bremerton, WA in Meditation Section, Lot 570, Space 1.
Aquilla James Dyess-Augusta, GA
World War II Medal of Honor Recipient for action at Namur Island, Kwajalein Atoll, Marshall Islands on February 1-2, 1944. He was KIA. His remains are in Westover Memorial Park, Augusta, GA in the Chapel Mausoleum, Crypt D, Row 5.
Michael Colalillo-Duluth, MN
World War II Medal of Honor Recipient for action in the vicinity of Untergriesheim, Germany on April 7, 1945, He is buried in Forest Hill Cemetery, Duluth, MN in Section V, Block 3, Lot 13.
Demensio Rivera-Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico
Korean War Medal of Honor Recipient for action at Chanyong-ri, Korea on May 23, 1951. He is buried in Cementerio San Miguel Arcangel, Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico in Section C, Row K, Site 184.
Ola Lee Mize-East Gadsden, AL
Korean War Medal of Honor Recipient for action at Surang-ri, Korea on June 10-11, 1953. He is buried in Crestwood Memorial Cemetery, Gadsden, AL in the Veterans Garden Section, Block 25, Lot 51.
Lewis Lee Millett, Sr.-Riverside, CA
Korean War Medal of Honor Recipient for action at Soam-ni, Korea on February 7, 1951. He is buried in Riverside National Cemetery, Riverside, CA in Section 2, Site 1910.
Anthony Thomas Kaho'ohanohano-Makawao, HI
Korean War Medal of Honor Recipient for action in the vicinity of Chup'a-ri, Korea on September 1, 1951. He is buried in Maui Veterans Cemetery, Makawao, HI.
Einar Harold Ingman, Jr.-Skanawan, WI
Korean War Medal of Honor Recipient for action near Maltari, Korea on February 26, 1951. He is buried in Oak Hill Cemetery, Skanawan, WI.
Alejandro Renteria Ruiz, Sr.-Yountville, CA
World War II Medal of Honor Recipient for action at Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands on April 28, 1945. He is buried in Veterans Memorial Grove Cemetery, Yountville, CA in Section J, Row 8, Grave 31.
Wilburn Kirby Ross-Kent WA
World War II Medal of Honor Recipient for action near Saint Jacques, France on April 23, 1945. He is buried in Tahoma National Cemetery, Kent, WA in Section 28B, Site 479.


[ft-l] Word of the Week!
Subject: [ft-l] Word of the Week!
We'll start off with an easy one.
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Using a mixer, cream the butter until light and fluffy. Gradually add the brown sugar and granulated sugar and continue creaming until once again light and fluffy. Add the egg and beat until combined. Add the vanilla and coffee extract, if using, followed by the salt. Beat until combined.
In a medium bowl, sift the baking soda into the flour, and then gently beat into into the dough mixture, taking care not to overwork. Add the chocolate chips and stir to combine.
Press the dough into a 10-inch cast iron skillet, flattening the top into an even layer. Bake until the center is just set, about 20 minutes.
Let the cookie cool for 10 minutes, then serve warm with vanilla ice cream.


DBS does not directly improve non-movement issues such as intellect, sleep disturbance or bladder function. DBS does not cure Parkinson's disease or slow progression of the disease. The aim of DBS is to improve quality of life – and can remain beneficial over the long term (e.g. over 10 years).
This is where the benefit of medication varies over the course of a day. Patients can experience 'off' periods (slowness and stiffness) and/or dyskinesias (involuntary movement). DBS can smooth the peaks and troughs – aiming to achieve the best 'on' state continuously, day and night. Typically, movement problems that respond to medication (even if briefly), respond to DBS. Movement issues that do not respond to medication do not usually respond to DBS (with the exception of tremor).
A rule of thumb is to consider DBS once motor fluctuations affect quality of life.
We target the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or globus pallidus interna (GPi).
Side effects can affect almost any aspect of brain function including speech, mood, intellect and movement. A mild and permanent word finding difficulty is common (although usually not noticed). Many side effects (if they occur) can be reversed by adjusting stimulation. A compromise may be necessary between the level of stimulation and any side effect.
Overall, taking the benefits and side effects into account, studies show that DBS for motor fluctuations can substantially improve quality of life.
When tremor is the major issue, we offer thalamic/posterior subthalamic area (PSA) stimulation (see below for essential tremor). However, when tremor co-exists with significant slowness and stiffness (or patients are young enough that those issues are likely to emerge), we may offer subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation (see above).


text:
US War on Whistleblowers. CIA Targets Wikileaks
Theme: Intelligence, Law and Justice
Truth-telling in America is endangered. Free and open expression is our most fundamental right, all others threatened without it.
Exposing government wrongdoing is courageous and essential. Obama waged war on press freedom and whistleblowing. Trump continues his outrageous agenda.
When governments consider truth-telling independent journalists and whistleblowers threats to national security, tyranny replaces freedom.
In 2012, the Obama administration declared WikiLeaks co-founder Julian Assange an enemy of the state, forcing him to take refuge in Ecuador's London embassy to avoid unjust arrest, extradition to America and imprisonment to silence him.
In 2012, a secret grand jury convened. A sealed indictment followed, allegedly accusing Assange of spying under the long ago outdated 1917 Espionage Act, enacted shortly after America's entry into WW I.
It prohibited interfering with US military operations, supporting the nation's enemies, promoting insubordination in the ranks, or obstructing military recruitment.
In 1921, its most controversial provisions were repealed. It remains the law of the land, used to charge, prosecute, convict and imprison Chelsea Manning unjustly.
Assange faces the same fate if extradited to America. Anyone exposing US high crimes and/or other dirty secrets Washington wants suppressed is vulnerable.
Challenging the nation's policies, no matter how heinous, risks severe punishment.
In his first public address, CIA director Mike Pompeo lied, saying Assange "caused harm, great harm, to our nation's national security," adding:
"(W)e can no longer allow (him) and his colleagues the latitude to use free speech values against us" – deplorably calling the right to speak freely about anything "a perversion of what our…Constitution stands for. It ends now," he added without further elaboration.
On Thursday, Justice Department charges against Assange reportedly were prepared, perhaps updated from the sealed 2012 indictment, claiming WikiLeaks published documents obtained from Chelsea Manning, Edward Snowden and other whistleblowers.
On April 20, WikiLeaks tweeted
"US admits it has charges to arrest Assange according to CNN."
"Contribute to his defense: justice4assange.com/Donate.html"
Likely false charges include Espionage Act violations, conspiracy and theft of government property. Truth-telling is honorable, not criminal.
Neocon Attorney General Jeff Sessions prioritizes arresting, prosecuting and imprisoning Assange, saying he intends "put(ting) some people in jail."
Former Justice Department spokesman Matthew Miller tweeted:
"Unless they have found something new, there is no way to do this without prosecuting reporters. There's a reason we didn't go there."
Assange attorney Barry Pollack said he's gotten no DOJ information on potential charges against his client, adding
"(t)here's no reason why WikiLeaks should be treated differently from any other publisher."
Assange claims the right
"to publish newsworthy content. Consistent with the US Constitution, we publish material that we can confirm to be true irrespective of whether sources came by that truth legally or have the right to release it to the media."
"And we strive to mitigate legitimate concerns, for example by using redaction to protect the identities of at-risk intelligence agents."
How Trump administration officials intend going after Assange is unclear. As long as he remains in Ecuador's London embassy, he's safe.
Or is he? Will US or UK authorities invade its sovereign space to arrest him? Given Trump's rogue agenda, supported by Britain, anything is possible.
Stephen Lendman lives in Chicago. He can be reached at [email protected].
His new book as editor and contributor is titled "Flashpoint in Ukraine: How the US Drive for Hegemony Risks WW III."
http://www.claritypress.com/LendmanIII.html
Visit his blog site at sjlendman.blogspot.com.
Copyright © Stephen Lendman, Global Research, 2017
Articles by: Stephen Lendman
Stephen Lendman lives in Chicago. He can be reached at [email protected] His new book as editor and contributor is titled "Flashpoint in Ukraine: US Drive for Hegemony Risks WW III." http://www.claritypress.com/LendmanIII.html Visit his blog site at sjlendman.blogspot.com. Listen to cutting-edge discussions with distinguished guests on the Progressive Radio News Hour on the Progressive Radio Network. It airs three times weekly: live on Sundays at 1PM Central time plus two prerecorded archived programs.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Wondeful to see Layla and Alistair's super cool Byre wedding popping up on super blog Rock My Wedding this week. With top Glasgow event stylists Lemonbox Studios involved and Alistair and Layla's very hip wish list this was always going to be an amazing wedding. Fabulous photography from Claudia Rose Carter.


Life Insurance - Aspect Insurance Claim Check . Rising medical costs are contributing to the increases in bodily injury liability claim costs. In general, medical costs have been rising at a 6% rate. On the other hand, advances in medical insurance technology and improved rescue and life saving techniques result in fewer deaths, but this also drives up the cost of medical care.
It costs more to fix cars nowadays, and that means higher insurance claim costs.
As cars have become more sophisticated through advancements like air bags, fuel injection, unibody construction and on-board computers, they also have become more expensive to repair in the event of an accident.
Motor vehicle theft is the fastest growing crime in the nation. Fraud, a more sophisticated form of theft, is a major problem for insurers. According to the National Insurance Crime Bureau, fraud costs property and casualty insurance companies more than $20 billion a year, that's equal to 10 percent of all property and casualty claims paid industry wide.
Higher premiums are often the result of accidents and tickets. Be a defensive driver, watch out for the other drivers and obey the speed limits. Cautious drivers can afford an extra minute or two, and can pay less in premium dollars.
Purchase the highest deductible you can afford, to reduce the physical damage premium. The more you are willing to pay shows that you are investing in your own safe driving.
Physical damage insurance coverage on an older vehicle or one in poor condition may cost more to insure than it. s worth. In the event of an accident, you may receive less than you pay in annual premiums.
0 Response to "Aspect Insurance Claim Check"


text:
est un manga d'Osamu Tezuka paru en 1949.

Synopsis
Le professeur Yamadano découvre que les essais nucléaires opérés par les grandes puissances ont des effets très graves sur la faune et la flore.

Lien externe

Série manga
Manga d'Osamu Tezuka
Manga de science-fiction
Shōnen manga
Manga des années 1950
Manga publié par Taifu Comics

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Business ServicesFlag Store
4 Interesting Facts About the American Flag
By Harbortown Flag, Inc.
Also known as Old Glory or the Stars & Stripes, the American Flag plays a critical role in U.S. culture and history. Despite its ubiquitous presence in every aspect of life, from schools and sporting events to front yards, porches, and businesses, some features of the U.S. Flag remain unknown to many Americans. Here are a few facts about the U.S. Flag that you may not be familiar with.
What to Know About American Flags
1. There Have Been 27 Different Versions
You've likely seen the classic 1777 flag with 13 stars and stripes for the original colonies. Since that famed first draft, the American flag has been through 27 iterations. Each additional state resulted in a new star, with Hawaii's inclusion providing the 50th star in 1960. Originally, the U.S. added a stripe with every new star, but lawmakers realized this could be difficult as we added states. The flag reverted to 13 stripes to represent the original colonies after previously featuring 15 stars and 15 stripes, the flag which actually is known as the Star Spangled Banner.
2. The Current Flag Is the Longest-Lasting
No changes have been made to the flag since Hawaii joined the union. With no new states to require an adjustment, the current 50star flag has had the longest run in American history at 61 years. It is the only version to last more than 50 years. The most recent design was created by 17-year-old Robert G. Heft, who made it for a high school project.
3. Old & Damaged Flags Can Be Retired
If a U.S. Flag gets dirty, it can be washed or dry-cleaned. However, when American Flags touch the ground, become faded, or are tattered beyond repair, they should be retired and replaced. There are proper and dignified methods of disposal. According to U.S. Flag Code, burning is the preferred method of retirement. You can hold a respectful flag burning ceremony, but some may prefer to bury it. You can also drop it off at an American Legion, Girl Scouts, or Boy Scouts. Harbortown Flag also accepts retired flags, which are picked up by the Scouts for flag burning ceremonies.
4. Six Flags Have Been Planted on the Moon
Since Neil Armstrong planted the first American Flag on the moon in 1969, five additional U.S. Flags have joined it. These came from Apollo missions 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17. NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter has confirmed that at least five out of six are still standing, but they may have been bleached white by the strong ultraviolet rays of the sun.
For American flags of various sizes and materials, visit Harbortown Flag in Vermilion, OH. For 28 years, this local shop has offered high-quality flags, poles, and accessories made in and sold throughout the USA. In addition to U.S. flags, they carry historical, state, territory, military, nautical, international, sports flags, and more, in sizes ranging from 4x6" to 50x80'. Visit them online to learn more. To ask a helpful team member about available products, call (440) 967-FLAG (3524).
Harbortown Flag, Inc.
4765 Liberty Ave, Suite 2, Vermilion, OH 44089
Get alerts on offers and news from Harbortown Flag, Inc.


text:
Inside Taiwan's brutal navy frogman bootcamp
Over six days and five nights, the volunteers to enter the ARP have to endure everything from long marches to hours in the water, with constant screaming by their instructors.A lot of their time is spent in the sea or swimming pools, learning how to hold their breath for extended periods of time, swimming in full combat gear and infiltrating beaches from the sea. Every six hours they have a one-hour break. In that time they have to eat - scarfing down bulbs of garlic to boost their immune systems - get medical attention, go to the toilet and sleep. They may only end up with five minutes of sleep, huddled together on the floor under light green blankets, awoken with shrill whistle blasts. The aim is to give the soldiers an iron will to complete their mission no matter how difficult, and create steadfast loyalty to their comrades and the military. The candidates are all volunteers, driven to join the special forces out of a mixture of patriotism and a desire to push their personal limits. Wu Yu-wei, 26, said he considered it a "personal challenge" to complete the course. "The hardest part was the timing, not being able to rest, having only 15 minutes to use the toilet, have a gulp of water, before moving on to the next section," he said. "The first few days are exhausting, and then you get used to it. You have to rely on your willpower and determination." Once across the "road to heaven" finish line, and congratulated by Marine Corps commander Wang Jui-lin, the stress of the past week is too much for some of the marines, who burst into tears in the arms of proud family members invited to see them graduate. The trainers, all graduates of the same course, say the intention of the week of hell is not cruelty but to simulate the hardship of war, like extreme sleep deprivation, to see who has the stamina and guts to make it. "Of course, we absolutely won't force anyone, everyone is here voluntarily. That's why we are so severe with them and also eliminate them strictly," said trainer Chen Shou-lih, 26. "We won't just wave you through only because you wanted to come."
Over six days and five nights, the volunteers to enter the ARP have to endure everything from long marches to hours in the water, with constant screaming by their instructors.
A lot of their time is spent in the sea or swimming pools, learning how to hold their breath for extended periods of time, swimming in full combat gear and infiltrating beaches from the sea.
Every six hours they have a one-hour break. In that time they have to eat - scarfing down bulbs of garlic to boost their immune systems - get medical attention, go to the toilet and sleep.
They may only end up with five minutes of sleep, huddled together on the floor under light green blankets, awoken with shrill whistle blasts.
The aim is to give the soldiers an iron will to complete their mission no matter how difficult, and create steadfast loyalty to their comrades and the military.
The candidates are all volunteers, driven to join the special forces out of a mixture of patriotism and a desire to push their personal limits.
Wu Yu-wei, 26, said he considered it a "personal challenge" to complete the course.
"The hardest part was the timing, not being able to rest, having only 15 minutes to use the toilet, have a gulp of water, before moving on to the next section," he said.
"The first few days are exhausting, and then you get used to it. You have to rely on your willpower and determination."
Once across the "road to heaven" finish line, and congratulated by Marine Corps commander Wang Jui-lin, the stress of the past week is too much for some of the marines, who burst into tears in the arms of proud family members invited to see them graduate.
The trainers, all graduates of the same course, say the intention of the week of hell is not cruelty but to simulate the hardship of war, like extreme sleep deprivation, to see who has the stamina and guts to make it.
"Of course, we absolutely won't force anyone, everyone is here voluntarily. That's why we are so severe with them and also eliminate them strictly," said trainer Chen Shou-lih, 26. "We won't just wave you through only because you wanted to come."
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text:
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Mrk 421 is one the brightest and closest (z=0.031, see Ref.~\refcite{1991rc3..book.....D}) blazars known.
It has been a target of many observational campaigns at very high energies (VHE, E $>$100 GeV) with imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes  (IACTs). Its $\gamma$-ray flux has been found to be variable, with flaring episodes over a wide range of timescales, from months down to less than an hour (see, e.g., Ref.~\refcite{2010A&A...524A..48T} and references therein). While IACTs have enough sensitivity to detect short duration flares, extended air shower detectors such as Milagro (see Sec. \ref{sec:milagro}) are better suited to make a continuous monitoring of the flux of the sources, thanks to their high duty cycle. In this paper, we study the TeV variability of Mrk 421 using 3 years (from September 2005 to March 2008) of data from Milagro.

\section{The Milagro Observatory}\label{sec:milagro}
Milagro (see Ref.~\refcite{2004ApJ...608..680A}) was a large water-Cherenkov detector located in the Jemez Mountains near Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA at an altitude of 2630 m above sea level. It operated from 2000 to 2008. It was composed of a central 80 m $\times$ 60 m $\times$ 8 m reservoir instrumented with 723 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) arranged  in two layers. The top ``air-shower" layer consisted of 450 PMTs under 1.4m of purified water, while the bottom ``muon" layer had 273 PMTs located 6m below the surface. The air-shower layer was used to reconstruct the direction of the air shower by measuring the relative arrival times of the shower particles across the array. The muon layer was used to discriminate between gamma-ray induced and  hadron-induced air showers. In 2004, a sparse 200 m x 200 m array of 175 ``outrigger'' was added around the central reservoir. This array increased the area of the detector and improved the gamma/hadron separation. The experiment was sensitive to extensive air showers resulting from primary gamma rays at energies between 100 GeV and 100 TeV (see Refs.~\refcite{2008ApJ...688.1078A} and  \refcite{2008PhRvL.101v1101A}).

\section{Variability}
We analysed Milagro data collected from September 21, 2005 to March 15, 2008, period over which Mrk 421 was detected with a statistical significance of 7.1 standard deviations, at a median energy of 1.65 TeV. In Fig.~\ref{fig:LC} it is shown the Milagro light curve (LC) above 1 TeV for Mrk 421. We chose a time binning of $\sim$ 1 week \footnote{Milagro data are recorded in tapes and each tape contains data collected over a time interval that, on average, is of $\sim$ 1 week; each time bin in the light curve corresponds to data recorded in one tape.}
in order to have high statistics, as well as to minimize the effects of the detector instabilities. It can be seen that the flux is consistent with being constant along the 3-year monitoring period, with an average value of $\bar f$= ($2.052 \,\pm 0.304$) $\times 10^{-11}\,\rm{cm^{-2}\,s^{-1}}$ ($\chi^2$=134 for 122 degrees of freedom, which gives a $\chi^2$ probability of 21.1\%). Therefore, from the light curve it is clear that there is no evidence for flares in the data. To confirm this, we also calculated the significance above the average flux for each time bin, finding that all the Milagro measurements have a significance less than 3 standard deviations (after the correction for the number of trials).

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\epsfig{file=LC_new_2.eps,width=4.2in}
\caption{Light curve of Mrk 421 (black points); the red solid line represents the average value of the flux above 1 TeV: $\bar f$=($2.052 \,\pm 0.304$) $10^{-11}\,\rm{cm^{-2}\,s^{-1}}$. Each bin represents $\sim$ 1 week of data.}
\label{fig:LC}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

As we found no evidences of flares, we computed the upper limit $F_{\rm UL}$ on the measured flux considering different time scales, from one week to $\sim$ 12 months, as for Mrk 421 outbursts lasting up to several months have been observed (see e.g. Ref.~\refcite{2010A&A...524A..48T}). Then we chose a confidence level of 99.7 $\%$ and used the method of Helene\cite{1983NIMPR.212..319H}. The results are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:UL}. It can be seen that $F_{\rm UL}$ varies from \mbox{2.26 $\times$ 10$^{-10}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$} to 0.48 $\times$  10$^{-10}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$; its maximum value is found for a time scale of $\sim$ one week.

The long-term average flux here reported, together with the VHE flux state distribution of Mrk 421 (see e.g. Ref.~\refcite{2010A&A...524A..48T}), is fundamental to calculate the TeV duty cycle of the source and will be object of a future work. A further extension of the work will be also the calculation of the upper limits on the flux as a function of time to make a comparison with observations from other VHE experiments in the same period as Milagro.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\epsfig{file=UL_new_2.eps,width=4.2in}
\caption{Upper limits on the flux as a function of flare duration.}
\label{fig:UL}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section*{Acknowledgments}
We gratefully acknowledge Scott Delay and Michael Schneider for their dedicated efforts in the construction and maintenance of the Milagro experiment. This work has been supported by
the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\'ia (under grant Conacyt 105033), Universidad Nacional Aut\'onoma de M\'exico (under grant PAPIIT IN105211) and DGAPA-UNAM.

\bibliographystyle{ws-procs975x65}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Macau's focus on "Smart Tourism" is about to start producing changes in the way visitors appreciate their journeys through the Special Administrative Region. MGTO Deputy Director Ricky Hoi says the power of big data and cutting-edge technologies will soon be deployed in ways that will improve the visitor experience – right from the start of planning, to arrival, and through the entire trip until departure.
Speaking at a symposium organized by Macau's Institute for Tourism Studies (IFT), Hoi said the Macau government has been working on this project under the bigger framework of its 15-year tourism development master plan, unveiled in September, 2017, which places an emphasis on the utilization of "innovative technology".
Three key goals have been identified for the Smart Tourism plan, according to Hoi. These are: 1)Enhance visitors' experience before, during, and after their trips through the deployment of smart tourism applications; 2) Collect big data on visitors' behavior for further analysis; and 3) Use technology to monitor tourist attractions, especially those in congested locations, so as to better manage traffic flow.
Ultimately, says Hoi, it will be not only tourists that benefit from this initiative, but also local residents, as they become more aware of the positive impact of tourism, and businesses, as they are able to capitalize on the opportunities presented.
Already, the MGTO is pleased by the progress made in gathering big data through Macau's cooperation with Chinese technology giant Alibaba. IoT devices have been deployed throughout the city that have provided valuable feedback and enabled the construction of a "Tourism Information Interchange Platform". This platform will facilitate the sharing of data between the government and private sector and enable the proliferation of initiatives that will boost the city's tourism industry as a whole.
Hoi cited some examples of application of this big data that were already extremely productive. One that stood out was the real-time tracking of crowds at or near major tourist attractions. In certain situations, the Public Security Police would be able to divert flows by sending text messages to visitors encouraging them to move to other spots. This already happened, during the recent peak holiday periods.
Another way in which the Smart Tourism plan is making positive gains can be seen in the development of more user-friendly marketing channels. Hoi showed a preview of the MGTO's new websites and smartphone apps that would be unveiled starting in the second quarter of this year. Their services include a "chatbot" that can answer real-time questions from visitors about sightseeing spots, "what's on" attractions, transport options, weather developments, and more. Interactive maps based on users' GPS locations are also seen as being helpful, especially as they can guide visitors to unique, lesser-known parts of Macau.
The "Intelligent Trip Planner", meanwhile, is to make use of artificial intelligence technology and open-data information to help visitors understand Macau better and make more efficient use of their time here.
Probably the most intriguing part of the presentation came when Hoi showed a slide about the deployment of "Intelligent Street Lampposts". These may look like normal lamps, but they are wired up with much more than public lights: sensors detect traffic flows, while WiFi hotspots (which in future will be 5G-enabled) are accessible to the public. Base stations for mobile device charging are also provided.
Macau is not alone in pursuing a Smart Tourism strategy, of course. As Hoi pointed out during the Q&A session, Macau has been cooperating well with its counterparts in the Greater Bay Area, all of which are developing their own strategies for capturing local and international visitors through the use of cutting-edge technology.
Indeed, in this age of rapid technological breakthroughs, Smart Tourism strategies are a must for any destination, according to an expert from Hong Kong who also spoke at the IFT symposium. Rob Law, Professor of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University's School of Hotel and Tourism Management, says technology is enabling significant improvements to hospitality and tourism services, raising the standards of experience expected by savvy travelers worldwide.
"People have different definitions of what Smart Tourism really is," says Law. "However, we can all agree that the use of technology to improve the travel experience for visitors is growing." Harnessing the power of big data is providing a great benefit to tourism industry participants around the world, he says.
Law says every destination needs to figure out how to make best use of big data for its unique circumstances. He provided examples of apps adopted by other Chinese cities that were built to suit local conditions. Some have chosen to go heavily on using GPS tracking to improve the visitor experience while on the ground; others have focused more on ease of social-media sharing. Taiwan is an example of a tourism destination that has made good use of augmented reality: visitors can point their phone camera at a place or building and get real-time information about it.
Chinese cities are putting a lot of resources into building Smart Tourism solutions, says Law. It is encouraging to see Macau making this a priority, too.
technology can be effectively used to communicate messages to a potential tourism audience, but he also sees potential challenges in the execution of strategies that need to be considered, citing an example of how "Tourism Carrying Capacity (TCC)" must be taken into account.
is not pleasant enough for them to return next time. This is why Smart Tourism strategies and applications are so important now, long before Macau reaches its maximum limits.
For his part, Hoi is confident that the Macau government has a good grasp of what needs to be done, and is making positive use of the data it is collecting to improve the visitor experience. These changes will start to become more evident in the coming months.


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Jebel Toubkal is the highest peak in the Atlas Mountains,in fact its the highest mountain in North Africa standing at 4,167 metres. Among the ancient Berber culture, this trek is a real challenge to altitude in a short space of time, but also very acheivable and great for those with little or no treking experience . Dom prides himeself with a really high success rate on those reaching the summit of Toubkal!
The six day trip starts and ends with a night in Marrakech, where you can kick back in a more modern version of north african culture, and be amazed by dancing cobras to great shopping!


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A Catalogue of Books and Pamphlets from the Library of Maurice Buxton Forman. With an Introduction by Graham Pollard. Catalogue No. 926.
Fine and Rare Books of the XV and XVI Centuries Printed in Germany, Italy, France, Spain, Etc. Catalogue 20.
A Catalogue of Books, Containing Near Fifty Thousand Volumes, Collected in England and Various Parts of the Continent... To Begin Selling, for Read Money Only, February 1788, By Samuel Hayes, Bookseller, No. 332, Oxford-Street, Corner of Argyle-Street, London.
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Cross Timbers Cabins has had the pleasure of hosting several group events from 2012 through 2016. Everything from Family Reunions, Wedding Groups and just plain old friendly get-togethers. If scheduled far enough in advance, we are usually able to set aside most if not all of the cabins. If we can't handle your whole group, we have other resort owners in the area that are pleased to pick up the slack.
Besides the unlimited entertainment in Branson about 8-10 miles away and the lakes just down the road and to either side of us, there is plenty to see and do. One of the favorite group "Activities" ( I guess eating is an activity) is to fire up the smoker for some great Barbecue!
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We are open all year long and can accomodate groups in all seasons. If your family, church group or just "Bunch of Friends" wants to get together for a night or a weekend, we are only a phone call away.


text:
Юрдюк-Кумах () — село в Верхоянском улусе Якутии России. Входит в состав Чёрюмчинского наслега.

География
Село находится в северной части Якутии, в излучине реки Адыча, на расстоянии 93 километров от административного центра улуса — посёлка Батагай и 15 километров от центра наслега — села Чёрюмче.

Уличная сеть не развита.

Климат
Климат характеризуется как резко континентальный, с продолжительной морозной малоснежной зимой и коротким прохладным летом. Средняя температура воздуха самого тёплого месяца (июля) составляет 16-17 °C; самого холодного (января) −38 −48 °C. Среднегодовое количество атмосферных осадков составляет 150—300 мм. Снежный покров держится в течение 215—235 дней в году.

История
На основании постановления Палаты Республики Государственного Собрания (Ил Тумэн) Республики Саха (Якутия) от 28 октября 1999 года ПР № 157–II из состава  Эльгесского наслега Верхоянского улуса выделен Чёрюмчинский наслег с сёлами   Чёрюмче и  Юрдюк-Кумах.

Согласно Закону Республики Саха (Якутия) от 30 ноября 2004 года N 173-З N 353-III село вошло в образованное муниципальное образование Чёрюмчинский наслег.

Однако и до 2019 года включительно в законодательстве село  Юрдюк Кумах/ Юрдюк-Кумах называется входящим в состав Эльгесского наслега .

Население

 Национальный состав
Большинство жителей якуты.

Согласно результатам переписи 2002 года, в национальной структуре населения якуты составляли 100 % из 2 чел.

Примечания

Ссылки

Населённые пункты Верхоянского улуса


text:
Typhoon damage to…
Typhoon damage to fisheries P3 billion, tops in agri industry
FISHERIES remained the most affected sector of agriculture, sustaining P3 billion worth of damage due to Typhoon Odette (international name: Rai), the Department of Agriculture (DA) said.
The overall agricultural damage was P10.8 billion, affecting 356,486 farmers and fishermen over 399,531 hectares of agricultural land in the Visayas and Mindanao.
The volume of lost production was estimated at 239,656 metric tons (MT).
Rice was the next-most affected commodity with losses valued at P2.2 billion, with crop damage reported across 93,096 hectares. The estimate of lost production volume was 124,704 MT.
Coconut and high-value crops sustained damage of P1.5 billion each, across 240,240 hectares and 6,131 hectares respectively.
Damage to irrigation and agriculture facilities was reckoned at P489.6 million, including shallow tube wells, rain shelters, crop nurseries, greenhouses, vermi-composting facilities, and fertilizer processing centers.
Livestock and poultry reported P468.2 million in losses, affecting almost 1.5 million head of chicken, swine, cattle, carabao, goat, duck, sheep, and horse, among other livestock.
The government will be providing at least P2.9 billion in aid to farmers and fisherfolk.
The DA said its regional field offices are still undertaking assessments of damage to the agri-fisheries industries. — Luisa Maria Jacinta C. Jocson


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Главная >Foods and raw materials > Архив выпусков > Том 7, №2, 2019 > Effects of encapsulated black caraway extract and sesame oil on kolompeh quality
Effects of encapsulated black caraway extract and sesame oil on kolompeh quality
Soltaninejad F. a
Sekhavatizadeh S.S. b
Аффилиация
a Department of food science, Islamic Azad University, Sarvestan, Iran
b Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Iran
Все права защищены ©Soltaninejad и др. Это статья с открытым доступом, распространяемая на условиях международной лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), позволяет другим распространять, перерабатывать, исправлять и развивать произведение, даже в коммерческих целях, при условии указания автора произведения.
DOI: http://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2019-2-311-320 Foods and Raw Materials, 2019, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 311-320
In this study, the physicochemical and sensory properties of kolompeh containing black caraway and sesame oil were investigated. Black caraway extract (BCE), encapsulated black caraway extract (EBCE), and black caraway powder (BCP) were added to kolompeh and compared to the sample without black caraway (FBC). All products contained sesame oil and were compared to control (without sesame oil). Among the samples, kolompeh with encapsulated extract demonstrated a higher oxidative stability (24.37 h), with a high IC50 of black caraway extract (124.1 μg·mL–1). In addition, the emulsion exhibited size distribution between 3.20 and 8.51 μm, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the well encapsulated extract. Gas chromatography identified oleic and linoleic acids as the main fatty acids in kolompeh with the black caraway encapsulated extract. Although, there were no significant differences in the colour parameters (L*, a* and b*) of the samples, kolompeh with EBCE had the highest score given by panelists. The control had a higher (2466 g) hardness compared to kolompeh containing EBCE (1688 g) at the end of storage. Therefore, the encapsulated extract of black caraway not only had no an adverse effect on the properties of kolompeh but also improved its quality.
Kolompeh , black caraway extract , encapsulation , sesame oil , antioxidant activity , sensory properties
Kolompeh is an Iranian date-based cookie baked traditionally by local citizens, especially in Kerman, and industrially produced in Kerman and other parts of the country. This cookie has a high nutritional and energy value and includes date paste, walnut, wheat flour, butter, and eggs as the main ingredients. Pistachios or sesame powder are often used for decorating kolompeh [1].
Fats and oils, being important components of kolompeh, help soften the texture, maintain the moisture, improve the flavour, and preserve the quality of the product [2]. Their oxidation and microbial degradation leads to the reduced sensory characteristics and shelf life of the product [3]. Compounds resulted from oxidation cause rancidity. To prevent the oxidative deterioration, antioxidants have been widely used [4]. Thus, natural antioxidants, such as aromatic plants and spices, have gained their popularity in the bakery industry; they preserve bakery products from oxidation and microorganism spoilage, extend their shelf life, and have therapeutic benefits [5]. Antioxidant activity of black caraway has been proved by Kamkar [6].
In recent years, there has been a tendency to use encapsulation for improving the delivery of bioactive agents. Therefore, the application of microencapsulation in food and agricultural industries can contribute to such characteristics of food as sensory properties, especially texture, and their stability during shelf-life. In addition, encapsulation can also amend the water solubility, thermal stability, and oral bioavailability of bioactive compounds [7].
This fact stimulates the development and production of new products. Among the various methods of encapsulation, considerable research efforts have been applied to emulsion based encapsulation of different sensitive materials [8]. This method aims to improve the chemical stability during processing and storage, to protect from degradation, and to keep the release of bioactive molecules under control [9].
To our knowledge, the use of sesame oil and encapsulated extract of black caraway in kolompeh have not been studied. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate an effect of black caraway and sesame oil on the physical and sensory properties of kolompeh. The kolompeh contained sesame oil and different forms of black caraway, including powder, extract, and encapsulated extract.
ОБЪЕКТЫ И МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
Materials. Wheat flour, dates, black caraway (Bunium persicum L.), and flavouring ingredients were purchased from local market in Shiraz, Fars, Iran. Saccharomyces cerevisiae lyophilised powder (PTCC 5269) was supplied by Arya Toos Co., Mashhad, Khorasan, Iran. DPPH and other chemical reagents were obtained from Merck Co., Darmstadt, Germany.
This research was conducted at the Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center.
Extraction. The extraction was carried out by the method of Upadhyay et al., with some modifications [10]. Ten grams of grounded black caraway was added to 100 mL of distilled water and kept in a water bath for 45 min. Then the slurry was cooled at room temperature and filtered to obtain a clear extract for analyses.
Encapsulation of BCE. Microencapsulation of black caraway extract was performed using W/O emulsion based on the method given by Tran, with some modifications [11]. The oil phase of the W/O emulsion was prepared by adding glycerol monostearate (GMS) with HLB 3.8 (1.5 wt%) to canola oil and shaking at 4000 rpm and 70°C. The aqueous solution containing black caraway extract was heated to 40°C. The W/O emulsion (10:90) was prepared by blending the aqueous phase and the oil phase at 27000 rpm and 70°C for 2 min. Then the suspension was cooled while stirring with a magnet at 1000 rpm for 2 h and kept for 30 min to precipitate microcapsules. Finally, the suspension was centrifuged at 350 g for 10 min (4°C). The precipitate was washed with saline twice and filtered. The microcapsules obtained were stored in a refrigerator until usage.
Kolompeh preparation. Five formulations of kolompeh were developed (Table 1).
Table 1. Kolompeh formulations
The following kolompeh samples were prepared: with 2.5% of encapsulated black caraway extract, with 0.25% of black caraway extract, with 0.4% of black caraway powder, and without (free) black caraway. All of them included sesame oil. To investigate an influence of sesame oil on the kolompeh properties, control sample was prepared with canola oil instead of sesame oil. Kolompeh was made by mixing wheat flour, yeast and oil and keeping for 30 min for proofing. Then kolompeh was formed, minced date with flavouring ingredients were put in the centre of the dough, and the samples were baked in an oven at 150°C for 30 min.
Antioxidant activity. Radical scavenging activity of black caraway extract against stable DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate) was measured with a spectrophotometer. DPPH methanol solution (0.1 mmol·L–1) had been prepared just before measurements. Two millilitre of the extract with different concentrations was mixed with 2 mL of 0.004% methanol solution. The samples were kept in dark room for 15 min, and then the absorbance of the solution resulted was measured at a wavelength of 517 nm. Blank sample contained 2 mL of methanol and 2 mL of DPPH solution. The experiment was conducted in triplicate. The antioxidant activity was calculated as a percentage of the radical scavenging activity [12]. Finally, the concentration of sample needed to inhibit 50% of radical scavenging activity (in mg·mL–1) was appointed and demonstrated as IC50 value [13].
Oxidative stability. The oxidative stability measurement was performed using a Rancimat instrument (Metrohm, Herisau, Switzerland) by heating 3 g of sample at a temperature of 110°C and the air flow rate of 20 L·h–1.
Particle size distribution. The mean particle size of the microcapsules was determined by dynamic light scattering technique at ambient temperature (Nano Particle Analyzer Malvern 2000, Worcestershire, UK). In order to measure the particle size of the produced powder, a small quantity of powder was dissolved in 2-propanol, and then a few drops were added to the water containing reservoir of the apparatus [14].
Morphology. The morphological characteristics of encapsulated black caraway extract were determined by optical microscopy (Olympus BX51, Japan).
Fatty acid compositions. Fatty acid analysis of kolompeh samples was performed using the Alavi and Golmakani method [15]. First, fatty acids were converted to fatty acid methyl esters by shaking 60 mg oil with a mixture of 3 mL of hexane and 0.3 mL of 2 mol·L–1 methanolic potassium hydroxide. Then, atty acids were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) using a SP-3420 gas chromatograph (Beijing, China) coupled to a flame ionisation detector (FID) and a BPX-70 fused silica capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm; 0.25 μm film thickness). N2 with the split ratio of 1:10 was used as carrier gas. The temperature of the injector and the detector was 250 and 300°C, respectively. The oven temperature was increased from 140 to 200°C as follows: the temperature of 140°C was maintained for 5 min, then it was increased to 180°C by 20°C/min and remained constant for 9 min, and, finally, the temperature was increased to 200°C by 20°C/min and maintained for 3 min. Fatty acids were identified by comparing their retention times with standard values. The results were expressed as percentage of relative peak area.
Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). FTIR spectroscopy was performed to analyse functional groups and to provide an insight into the structural characteristics of the samples. The spectrum was recorded on a Perkin-Elmer Spectrum RXI spectrophotometer (USA). All spectra were recorded at a wavelength of 4000–400 cm–1.
Texture profile analysis. A CT3 4500 texture analyser (Brookfield, USA) was used to determine hardness of samples. An aluminum TA25/1000 probe was used. The samples were compressed twice (TPA test). The probe speed was considered in a compression condition of 0.5 mm·s–1 and a cavity depth of 5 mm. The experiments were carried out in triplicate at 25°C [16].
Colour analysis. The colour analysis was performed using a Hunter Lab model Colorflex colorimeter (USA). Lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) colour parameters of kolompeh samples were obtained using Photoshop software (CS3) [17].
Sensory assessment. Sensory evaluation of kolompeh was conducted by thirty trained panelists with the help of a 5-point hedonic scale (5 = like extremely, 1 = dislike extremely), following the method described by Carpenter [18]. Such quality attributes as colour, aroma, flavour, tenderness, and overall acceptability were evaluated. The panelists were then served with pieces of kolompeh in individual booths under white fluorescent light, together with cold water to clean the palate between samples. The descriptors rated from 1, the lowest score, and 5, the highest one.
Statistical analysis. The data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P < 0.05. Duncan's Multiple Range test was conducted by SAS software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ И ИХ ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ
Antioxidant activity. According to the data, IC50, or the inhibition concentration of 50% of the DPPH free radical activity of black caraway extract, was 124.10 μg·mL–1, which was much higher than that of TBHQ.
Various studies had been investigated the antioxidant activity of black caraway extract. Nickavar et al. investigated the antioxidant properties of alcoholic extracts of seven medicinal plants belonging to Umbelliferae family, including black caraway [19]. The results showed that this species had the IC50 value of 149.9 μg·mL–1, which was more than that in the present study. Another research group, Souri et al., observed the IC50 values for black caraway extract to be 82.25 μg·mL–1 [20]. A lso, 120.43 μ g·mL–1 was reported by Kamkar et al. [6].
The differences observed in the antioxidant activity of black caraway in different studies could be due to the differences in the composition of these plants. Additionally, important factors are genetics, weather, harvest season, the type of solvent used for extraction, etc. Further, there is a direct relationship between the phenol content and the antioxidant activity of medicinal plants [13].
Oxidative stability. According to the results, the induction time of black caraway encapsulated extract, black caraway extract, and black caraway powder were 24.37, 23.15, and 21.88, respectively. The kolompeh containing encapsulated extract showed better oxidative stability compared to other treatments. The high oxidative stability of samples was attributed to the antioxidant activity of black caraway extract. The higher oxidation stability of encapsulated extract showed the protective influence on the encapsulation process [21]. Though, it should be taken into consideration that canola oil is exposed to oxidation because of a high amount of unsaturated fatty acids in their composition [22].
Particle size distribution. Figure 1 demonstrates the particle size distribution of microencapsulated black caraway extract at different frequencies.
Fig. 1. Initial droplet size distribution of emulsion (a), and optical microscopy image (400×) and surface morphology of EBCE microcapsules (b).
According to Fig. 1, the maximum and minimal particle sizes were 3.20 and 8.51 μm, respectively. A few investigations had been carried out in the field of canola oil as wall material of microencapsulated particles. Abraham et al. observed a lower particle size of emulsion based on canola oil, compared with this study (˃ 1μm) [23]. Mohammadi et al. and Davidov-Pardo et al. used soybean oil, phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol, soy lecithin, and grape seed oil with orange oil to encapsulate olive leaf extract, Myrtus communis extract, polyphenolic extract of grape seed, and resveratrol, respectively [24, 25]. According to their results, particle size was also lower than that in our research (˃ 0.5 μm). This difference might be due to the type and duration of encapsulation, as well as due to the rate of homogenisation, which determines particles size.
Optical microscopy. The structural characteristics of the microcapsules were depicted by optical microscope. The morphology of a microcapsule of encapsulated black caraway extract is illustrated in Fig. 1. The microcapsule had global and monotonous appearance with no aggregation. This observation was in agreement with Abraham et al. [23]. However, a low surfactant-to-emulsion ratio plays an important role in smoothly surface of particles, as was observed in resveratrol encapsulated with grape seed oil and orange oil [25]. Bylaitë et al. investigated the encapsulation properties of caraway essential oil by spray drying [26]. They used whey protein and maltodextrin as a wall material and observed some holes on surface of the sample encapsulated with whey protein concentrate. They suggested that whey protein concentrate had an inverse effect on surface dents; on the other hand, skimmed milk powder smoothes out wrinkles.
FTIR. Figure 2 plots FTIR spectra of black caraway extract and encapsulated black caraway extract at 400–4000 cm–1.
Fig. 2. Fourier transform infrared spectra of BCE (a) and EBCE (b).
According to the FTIR spectra analysis (Figs. 2a and 2b), both BCE and EBCE demonstrated bands at 3400 and 3427 cm–1, which are assigned to vibration of O-H in the sugar units. The bands ranged from 3200 to 2800 cm–1 (3009, 2926, 2925, 2855 cm–1) indicated the stretching hydrogen bands in C-H, and a broad band at 1746 cm–1 exhibited the C=O stretching of the ester carbonyl functional group [27]. This region is related to the triglycerides absorption bands [28]. A new band at 1608 cm–1 was found in the encapsulated extract, suggesting intermolecular interactions between C=C and the hydrocarbon chain of unsaturated fatty acid segments such as C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 in canola oil [29].
We also recorded the other characteristic bands, such as 1461 and 1408 cm–1 (bending vibration of CH2 and CH3 aliphatic groups), as well as 1261, 1239, 1162, 1119, 1097, and 1053 cm–1 (stretching vibration of the C-O ester groups). They are in agreement with the results of Waterhouse et al. [30]. The last finger print region of FTIR spectra between 888 and 723 cm–1 wavelength frequencies was ascribed to the CH2 rocking vibration and the out-of-plane vibration of cis-disubstituted olefins [28].
Overall, both samples displayed similarity in spectra. However, there were some differences between two spectra with sharp peaks at a wavenumber of 1200–1000 cm–1 and small absorption bands at around 850–400 cm–1. They are associated to the intermolecular bonding of functional groups in polysaccharides [31].
Fatty acid compositions. Fatty acid composition of kolompeh samples is presented in Table 2.
Table 2. Fatty acid composition of kolompeh samples
According to the GC fatty acids profile, linoleic and oleic acids were detected as the main fatty acids in kolompeh with the extracts. The product with black caraway powder also was rich in unsaturated fatty acids, nwith a high amount of linoleic acid (44.15%). Similar results were observed in the sample with no black caraway, with linoleic and oleic acid content of 44.86 and 37.32%, respectively. As Egorova et al. reported, linoleic acid is the most important fatty acid of caraway [32].
In the control sample, the main saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were represented by palmitic acid (35.45%) and oleic acid (37.34%), while linolenic acid was found at low concentrations (19%). Further, the analysis of fatty acid profile showed lack of lauric and palmitoleic acids in kolompeh containing black caraway extract, which is in accordance with the results of Laribi et al. [33].
In addition, a trace of lauric acid was found in the encapsulated extract sample, which may be due to petroselinic acid contained in some types of caraway seed oil. Petroselinic acid is a main component for oleochemical processes that converts easily into lauric and adipinic acid [34]. All samples were rich in unsaturated fatty acids, compared to the saturated analogues, which is related to sesame oil in their composition. Sesame seed oil belongs to the oleiclinoleic acid group [35]. Thus, as expected, oleic and linoleic acids were prevalent fatty acids in the kolompeh samples containing sesame oil.
Arachidonic, stearic and behenic acids were also found in trace amounts in the kolompeh containing black caraway extract and powder, which is in agreement with Nzikou et al. [36]. However, the samples with sesame oil were characterised by a low content of palmitic acid compared to the control.
Hardness. Figure 3 demonstrates the hardness of the samples during storage.
Fig. 3. Hardness of kolompeh samples during storage.
The results illustrated that the hardness of the products under study was decreasing during storage, except for kolompeh without black caraway, which had no significant differences in hardness. The highest and lowest hardness by the end of storage had the samples with the powder and encapsulated extract, respectively. All the samples, excluding the kolompeh with the powder, displayed lower hardness than the control. This phenomena may be related to the high density of black caraway powder [2].
In spite of the fact that the use of plant extracts in kolompeh still has not been investigated, there are data about increasing hardness of samples during storage. Budryn et al. mentioned that covalent interaction of polyphenols and proteins resulted in an enhancement in hardness, which was contrary to the results of this study [37]. To our opinion, there are two causes for this.
First, the presence of mono and di-glycerides in sesame oil, with their emulsifying properties, caused a reduction in the hardness of the product. Thus, they are able to make starch complex and delay staling [38]. The second cause for enhancing of hardness is related to the presence of saccharides limiting interactions between polyphenols and proteins [37]. The reducing of hardness in the kolompeh with the extract can be explained by rivalry between fibres and polyphenols and wheat starch in the dough. In addition, the sample with EBCE was softer than that with BCE because of encapsulation, which protected the sample against the direct exposure of polyphenols and starch.
Colour. Table 3 illustrates the colour properties of kolompeh samples during storage.
Table 3. Colour characteristics of kolompeh samples on day 1, 7, 14, and 21 of storage
Colorimetric analysis showed that the L* value of all the samples, except BCP, increased during the storage period (21 days). The encapsulated sample had a lower lightness compared to the others, which might be probably due to a more intense yellow colour of canola oil used as a wall material in the encapsulation process [39]. In addition, as expected, the sample without carway (FBC) was lighter than the others. The diffrences were probably due to the presence of black caraway (extract or powder) in kolompeh that impacted on its lightness.
On day 14, the kolompeh with BCE had the highest L* value, while EBCE, BCE and control samples exhibited a reduction of redness. The similar results were obtained in bread fortified by cumine seeds powder by Sayed Ahmad et al., who found that the lightness of bread depended on the amount of cumin [40]. The increasing in the yellowness could be related to reaction between amino acids (flour) and sugars (date), known as Maillard reaction [40].
Sensory assessment. Table 4 represents the sensory attributes of the kolompeh samples on day 1, 7, 14 and 21 of storage.
Table 4. Sensory evaluation of kolompeh samples during storage
We evaluated such sensory characteristics as colour, aroma, flavour, tenderness, and general acceptability. On day 1, the kolompeh with black caraway powder had the lowest score in colour among the other samples, however no significant differences were observed between them (P > 0.05). The addition of black caraway (extract and powder) affected adversely the flavour, aroma, and tenderness of kolompeh.
According to the results, the sensory attributes of all samples reduced during storage. As for the kolompeh with encapsulated extract, its colour, aroma and flavour remained unchanged compared to day 1 of storage, which is a positive point of the protective effect of encapsulation. The aroma of the samples containing extract or powder of black caraway decreased by the end of storage, which was due to the loss of some volatile compounds.
In addition, the results revealed that the tenderness of kolompeh with encapsulated extract of black caraway did not change significantly during storage, and was similar to that of the control. However, considerable changes in the texture of BCE, BCP and FBC samples were observed (P < 0.05).
Overall, the sample with encapsulated extract of black caraway demonstrated a higher score in the sensory parameters. Our results were in agreement with those of Sayed Ahmad et al. who fortified protein bread with cumin and caraway powder [40]. Their study showed the improvement of sensory properties in the bread, however, bitter aftertaste was felt, which was dependent on an amount of cumin and caraway powder.
In this study, we evaluated the effect of sesame oil and different forms of black caraway extract on the physicochemical and sensory properties of kolompeh. The results showed that caraway had IC50 o f 1 24.1 μ g·mL–1. Thus, the kolompeh with encapsulated black caraway extract showed the high oxidative stability. In addition, the EBCE microcapsule had global and monotonous morphology, and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the well encapsulated black caraway extract.
The GC results indicated that the kolompeh samples with sesame oil were rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Oleic and linoleic acid were identified as the major fatty acid in their fatty acid composition. Sesame oil and encapsulation of black caraway had a great influence on the hardness of the samples containing encapsulated extract, which had the lowest hardness among all treatments.
Furthermore, the kolompeh with black caraway encapsulated extract had lower lightness compared to the other samples, probably due to more intense yellow colour of canola oil. However, the sample without caraway was lighter than the others, which was attributed to black caraway colour. In addition, the encapsulation protected the colour, aroma, and flavour of black caraway extract.
According to the sensory assessment, the kolompeh with encapsulated extract was preferred by panelists. Nevertheless, the addition of the extract and powder of black caraway influenced adversely the flavour and aroma of kolompeh. Overall, this research revealed that black caraway extract had a considerable potential for using it as an ingredient and thus for improving the physicochemical and sensory properties of kolompeh.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
The authors thank the Department of Food Science of the Sarvestan Islamic Azad University for their great assistance with the research.
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-forprofit sectors.
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Как цитировать?
Effects of encapsulated black caraway extract and sesame oil on kolompeh quality. Foods and Raw Materials, 2019, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 311-320
http://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2019-2-311-320
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Home/News/West Virginia Fails To Pass New Medical Marijuana Bill and Recreational Marijuana is Being Blamed
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West Virginia Fails To Pass New Medical Marijuana Bill and Recreational Marijuana is Being Blamed
House Bill 4345 Would have Considerably Expanded Their Medical Marijuana Program
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Just a short time after the state of Virginia pushed through measures to considerably expand their own medical marijuana program, the state of West Virginia failed to do the same thing. The legislative session passed this weekend without a vote occurring on the new House Bill 4345, and House Speaker Tim Armstead claims that it was due to the many legislators trying to force recreational marijuana into the bill.
The expansion of the bill would have done a lot for West Virginia's medical marijuana program. Passage would have increased the amount of growers, dispensaries and processors, as well as allowing for vertical integration.
"There are so many people whose ultimate goal is to legalize marijuana recreationally in all areas to try to get it into the mix and try to put that into the bill that we're working on. Frankly, that's what killed this bill," Armstead (R-Kanawha) said on Monday's MetroNews "Talkline."
The House of Delegates passed HB 4345, which included changes to the current medical marijuana law. The original goal of the bill was to help put a framework in place for the law. The Senate changed the bill to include a number of provisions that Armstead said he was not comfortable with.
"There's always been this concern because marijuana is still illegal on a federal level," he said.
Because the bill died in the House, the future of the program is in question. Armstead said he believes the state is still on track to begin issuing patients and caregivers identification cards on July 1, 2019.
"I think we're still on course. There's still going to need to be changes and whether those changes are made in the next regular session, or before that, or things are going to have to be evaluated, I think that there are specific changes," he said.
Legislators being anxious to add recreational marijuana to West Virginia law is a good sign for cannabis advocates in the state, however not showing some tact so that the medical marijuana program could be expanded shows a lack of experience on their part. Are you as optimistic as House Speaker Tim Armstead that West Virginia can stay on track?
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Richard Lowe is a 14-year veteran of the financial sector with licenses as a commodity broker (Series 3) and investment advisor representative (IAR Series 65). Along with a focus on raising capital for the firms he was employed with, he also wrote and edited much of the content published by them. He holds a BA in Journalism from the University of Massachusetts. He has been a longtime advocate for marijuana legalization due to the social injustices associated with marijuana prohibition and the strong potential for the medicinal benefits of cannabis.
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Rapid City police exploring domestic abuse resource center
Story by: Matthew Guerry
The Rapid City Police Department is taking steps toward the establishment of a program said to provide greater protection for survivors of violent households.
By launching what is called a family justice center, city police are attempting to do more for victims of domestic and child abuse than investigate their abusers. The center would serve to connect them with local providers of counseling and intervention services whom Police Chief Karl Jegeris said are better suited to shield them from further violence.
"It's a strategy to try to get to the root cause," Jegeris said Wednesday.
Speaking in the city council chambers at Wednesday's Legal and Finance Committee meeting, Jegeris said the family justice center model is common in larger cities and speaks to a broader trend of law enforcement collaborating with social workers. He likened the concept to the OneHeart campus, a privately operated and publicly funded development on Kansas City Street that is expected to house multiple local organizations committed to combating homelessness.
Similarly, Jegeris said a justice center in Rapid City would be managed by a local nonprofit. He said that the police department has already met with several potential partners, although he declined to name any.
The department is looking to research the viability of a local family justice center by bringing on a program manager who Jegeris said would develop a business plan for one. The position would be funded by a state grant for which the department is applying.
If the application is accepted, the South Dakota Department of Public Safety would provide $134,614 to the department that Jegeris said could be used over the next year and a half. The grant would not only pay for the new position but would fund the department's Quality of Life Unit for the next year.
Police launched the Quality of Life Unit, which acts as their arm for homelessness outreach, in early 2018 using part of a $750,000 grant from the Virginia-based International Association of Chiefs of Police. That grant will end this fall.
Read the original story here.


I think it's high time I shared something with you, that I've kept reasonably close to my chest for some time now.
Earlier in the year I had some discussions about which way forward I should take my life... and there were a couple of surprises in there for me, I can tell you.
Anyway, suffice it to say... I was advised that I needed to go on a completely unjustifiable adventure (at least in terms of rationalisation). You see, due to a couple things that happened in my distant past, I developed into an individual who shunned risk as much as possible.
For a Christian though, this is something that doesn't add up... and should be faced.
"For this reason I remind you to fan into flame the gift of God, which is in you through the laying on of my hands. For God did not give us a spirit of timidity, but a spirit of power, of love and of self-discipline."
"We know that we live in him and he in us, because he has given us of his Spirit. And we have seen and testify that the Father has sent his Son to be the Saviour of the world. If anyone acknowledges that Jesus is the Son of God, God lives in him and he in God. And so we know and rely on the love God has for us. God is love. Whoever lives in love lives in God, and God in him. In this way, love is made complete among us so that we will have confidence on the day of judgement, because in this world we are like him. There is no fear in love. But perfect love drives out fear, because fear has to do with punishment. The one who fears is not made perfect in love."
So it is clear that fear is an emotion that we must take every opportunity to overcome. It's okay to have fears... but it's not okay to let them have mastery over your decisions. Jesus said you cannot serve two masters... and although he was referring to money on that occasion, the same is true about anything that comes between us and God, for God is love... and you cannot serve both love and fear.
"Then Jesus said to his disciples, "If anyone would come after me, he must deny himself and take up his cross and follow me. For whoever wants to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for me will find it. What good will it be for a man if he gains the whole world, yet forfeits his soul? Or what can a man give in exchange for his soul? For the Son of Man is going to come in his Father's glory with his angels, and then he will reward each person according to what he has done."
It kind of leaves me in a pickle doesn't it? What is more, as I said in the previous paragraph... this one is a biggy for me. However I truly believe if I crack this one... it will be a major step in living a liberated life.... unencumbered by worry or fear of failure.
The passage from Matthew sounds a little harsh... it's almost worded like "give me your life or I'll take it from you." The truth as always is a little more deeper than that - does the man drowning in quicksand feel threatened by the man shouting at him to grab his hand if he wants to live? No.
You see the truth is, we are designed for a life with God... not just with him alongside or above us... but actually actively at work within us. Whilst our stubborn desire for independence, interprets Jesus' challenge about losing our life, as restrictive, or a threat; if we paused for a moment and were honest, we'd realise that actually "losing" our life liberates us in so many ways. You might think that without God, you are flying, but sooner or later you'll discover the hard way... that you were actually doing nothing more exhilarating than falling with style.
It's quite a culture shock when you feel like you've been trapped in a prison cell with many locked doors... and after begging and pleading for God to open one of them, you catch a glimpse of your jailer and discover that the person who had kept you locked in all along, was yourself... and God was the one who was pleading with you to wake up and get out of there!
When I talk to people who have been missionaries in a foreign country in service of God, I'm always quick to spot a recurring theme in their testimonies. Nearly always, the person speaking talks of finding themselves in a place of fear and inadequacy. Eventually, that which cripples them... forces them to turn to God... because that's all they have.... but what a resource to have. Paul in his letter to the Ephesians describes God as being able to do immeasurably more than all we ask or imagine. He even goes as far as to say that this power is at work in us.
However if we want to receive God's power, we have to recognise that we are actually powerless ourselves.
... but it is not the end.
Peter Parker finds himself in a dream where he is confronted by a personification of the source of his abilities. This character rebukes Parker for accepting the obvious gifts he was given... without daring to dig deeper and find out just how gifted he was, how much potential he had for more. Parker embraces "The Other" and is returned to life completely healed (he had been in a web cocoon up until this time, as his body was renewing itself), and with exciting new powers (which were foolishly retconned out of existence by Joe Quesada).
Anyway... as Peter Parker (mis)treated his powers, we can be the same with God. We can take what he gives us naturally accepting the odd supernatural kiss... and live our lives with only a deposit of our true potential. We need to embrace the source of our power - the Holy Spirit.
Boarding a plane will put me in that powerless place (albeit for about six hours a go). I've gone as far as booking a holiday and setting myself an objective while I'm out there. I've even got myself a passport.
Maybe deep down, you feel the same... you've got a fear, a worry or a burden that is holding you down... and you know that you are in the quicksand. You are finally in a place where you need to act... where you either continue as you have always gone about things... and eventually falter, fall and die; or you choose to turn around and embrace God in a new and exciting way. What that means for you personally, I leave to you. It may mean coming to faith in Jesus for the first time... it may mean taking your existing faith to a new level.
Whatever it is don't just leave it.
I found this a quite stimulating post but, there are one or two provisos.
We must not take risks simply for the purpose of testing our faith (a kind of self-gratification)!
We must never confuse testing ourselves and testing God.
Our faith may lead us into taking risks but, we must be wary that the temptation to take an irrational risk/ adventure does not come from another source.


Linked with Palwasha Hassan – Afghanistan, and with Canadian women for women in Afghanistan CW4WAfgha.
Kabul, 19th July, 2005 AWN Coordination Meeting for the month of July, 2005 was conducted at AWN meeting hall, Kabul on 19th July, 2005 from 2:00 pm to 4:00 pm. The main agenda of this meeting comprised: Introduction of participants Discussion about how to fundraise and find funding opportunities for women's programs inside the country Relationships of NGO members and AWN executive committees and the financial sector. (Read more on their Homepage).
Established in 1995, the Afghan Women's Network (AWN) is a non-partisan network of women and women's NGOs working to empower Afghan women and ensure their equal participation in Afghan society.
The education of children, especially young girls, is also a key goal. AWN seeks to enhance the effectiveness of its members by fostering partnership and collaboration between members, undertaking advocacy and lobbying, and building their individual capacities. The AWN originally served Afghan women and children in the refugee population of Pakistan. It continues to serve its members in the Pakistan camps who are reluctant to return home. But the AWN's sights are also set on Afghanistan, where women's rights are by no means assured, in spite of the fall of the Taliban. Its members are involved in a variety of projects: some run local Afghan NGOs that work for women or assist war-affected women and children. Others work for international humanitarian agencies, including the United Nations. Some of its leading members have played a prominent role in advancing women's issues since the end of the war. Partnership: The Advocacy Project and AWN: (Read about projects on advocacynet.org).
AP continues to promote the work of AWN through the AP Newsletter, AdvocacyNet, and through press releases to our over 5,000 subscribers. Recently AdvocacyNet has highlighted AWN's campaign to register women to vote in elections. (Read the story at this page).