text:
Farm to School Programs Invest in Local Economies
Dan March 15, 2016 Education, Industry News Release
Farm to School Programs Invest Nearly $800 Million in Local Economies
Survey Results Show Major Increase in Local Food Purchasing on the Local, State, and National Levels
Schools across the United States purchased $789 million in local foods from farmers, ranchers, fishermen, and food processors and manufacturers in school year 2013 – 2014, according to results from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Farm to School Census released today. That represents a 105 percent increase over the 2011-2012 school year when the first census was conducted, signifying the deepening commitment of schools nationwide to bring local food into the cafeteria and strengthen their local economies.
"An investment in the health of America's students through farm to school programming is also an investment in the health of local economies," said Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack. "Nearly half of schools report that they intend to buy even more local foods in future school years, indicating that farm to school programs will continue helping our children and our communities flourish."
Schools report that farm to school programs can increase the number of students purchasing school breakfast and lunch, improve consumption of healthier foods at school, and reduce plate waste. The programs are often also heavily focused on nutrition education, helping teach children where their food comes from and exposing them to lessons about healthy eating. The census data show that school gardens, which can be both teaching tools and a sources of fresh produce, have nearly tripled over the past two years.
At the national level, 42 percent of school districts that responded to the census are operating farm to school programs as of the 2014-2015 school year, and another 16 percent – more than 2,000 districts – have plans to start in the future. The census results show that farm to school programs exist in every state in large and small, rural and urban schools alike. These schools are incorporating local foods throughout the day including school lunch, school breakfast, supper programs, and/or snacks.
The newly updated Farm to School Census website allows users to find information about farm to school programs in their state and in their particular school or district. The site also names three top school districts in each state that boast higher than average investment in local food purchasing. In addition, users can vote for a school that they believe administers a creative, innovative, and/or exemplary farm to school program for the "One in a Melon" award. Nominations will be accepted through April 15.
In order to establish realistic goals with regard to increasing the availability of local foods in schools, USDA conducted the first nationwide Farm to School Census in 2013. USDA conducted a second Farm to School Census in 2015 to measure progress towards reaching this goal. In 2015, USDA surveyed over 18,000 public, private and charter school districts and 12,585 school districts responded for a response rate of approximately 70percent. Data were collected through an online survey and through a printable mail-in questionnaire. To view the full results, visit https://farmtoschoolcensus.fns.usda.gov.
Farm to School is part of the Office of Community Food Systems and is one of many initiatives of USDA's Food and Nutrition Service (FNS) aimed at improving the health of our next generation. FNS administers America's fifteen nutrition assistance programs, including, but not limited to, the National School Lunch and School Breakfast programs, the Child and Adult Care Food Program, the Summer Food Service Program, and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. Together these programs make up the federal nutrition safety net.
The Farm to School program is a core element of the USDA's Know Your Farmer, Know Your Food Initiative, which coordinates USDA's work to support local and regional food systems. F2S Census data and F2S grant award information is available on the KYF2 Compass Map, which identifies USDA investments in local foods and is updated regularly to reflect new information.
Over the past seven years, USDA has enhanced federal nutrition programs, providing a critical safety net for millions of American children and families. By expanding access to nutritious foods and increasing awareness about the benefits of a healthy lifestyle, USDA programs have made a real difference in the lives of many, promising a brighter, healthier future for our nation. March is National Nutrition Month. Throughout the month, USDA will be highlighting results in improving nutrition and reducing food insecurity at www.medium.com/usda-results.


text:
La base navale de Ream ou RNB (pour Rem Naval Base) est une installation navale côtière exploitée par la marine royale cambodgienne sur le littoral du golfe de Thaïlande, face à l'île de Koh ta Kiev, et un peu au sud de l'aéroport international de Sihanoukville dans la province de Sihanoukville, au Cambodge.

Cette base, qui s'étend sur environ  aux abords d'un vaste récif corallien, est située sur une péninsule, juste au sud-est de la capitale provinciale, .

Depuis 2010, elle est un site d'entraînements et d'exercices navals conjoints annuels entre le Cambodge et les États-Unis dans le cadre du programme de préparation et d'entraînement à la coopération à flot (CARAT). À la suite de soupçons d'ingérence chinoise, elle est source de tensions diplomatiques.

Histoire
Lors de la première phase d'expansion de la marine khmère, une nouvelle base navale côtière a été construite à Ream dans la province de Kampot, équipée d'un quai flottant. La petite flotte de surface de la marine cambodgienne a alors été augmentée par l'ajout de quinze embarcations maritimes et fluviales d'origine britannique et américaine offertes par le gouvernement français.

Dans le cadre du programme d'aide américain MAAG, la marine cambodgienne a reçu trois , quatre  (LCU), deux  (CSB) armés de mitrailleuses lourde  , cinq bateaux fluviaux  d'autres LCU et péniches de débarquement.

Durant la première guerre civile cambodgienne (1967-1975), les combats se sont concentrés au sol, faisant que la marine de guerre a été négligée dans le pays.

En 1970, quand le coup d'État de Lon Nol l'a placé à la tête du gouvernement, la base navale de Ream était délabrée. Sa jetée était en très mauvais état, et la base sans système de soutien logistique efficace. Le pays disposait de très peu de capacité de réparation.

En 1974, le gouvernement de Lon Nol, la Marine nationale khmère (MNK) et la Marine royale britannique avaient considérablement amélioré la base via l'achat de  () équipés de radars nouvellement construits ; le stationnement de quatre PBR (River Patrol Boats) dans la zone portuaire de Kompong Som (Sihanoukville) ; la révision de tous les engins lourds en inventaire ; l'achat d'une cale sèche flottante ; une mise à niveau des équipements de la base ; l'installation d'un système efficace de soutien à l'approvisionnement ; et l'achèvement d'une jetée moderne et d'un complexe de soutien pour la base. Cette base récemment rénovée et réaménagée a permis à la marine nationale khmère d'assumer efficacement la patrouille et la surveillance du littoral cambodgien auparavant sous-traitée à la marine sud-vietnamienne (VNN) par la jeune République khmère.

D'autres plans visaient la construction d'une centrale de production d'électricité et l'achat de patrouilleurs plus grands et mieux armés. Ils n'ont pas pu être car, en 1975, la République chutait avec la prise de pouvoir des Khmers rouges.

Puis l'éviction des Khmers rouges (en 1979) et l'établissement d'une monarchie constitutionnelle, le gouvernement, en coopération avec ses alliés, a fait de l'installation une base navale relativement modernisée.

Elle était en 2012 commandée par le contre-amiral Ouk Seyha, le commandant adjoint du Royal Cambodian Marine. En février la construction d'une nouvelle route à la pointe sud-est du parc est lancée, afin de desservir un projet de « petite » station touristique, le tout semblant être financée par des capitaux chinois. Le projet est controversé pour au moins deux raisons : il s'inscrit, sans en ternir compte, dans une aire où vivent de nombreuses espèces menacées à protéger (parc national de Ream), et d'autre part, la population locale (pêcheurs principalement) semble exclue des retombées économiques de ces projets.

Allégation d'une possible ingérence chinoise
En juillet 2019, le Wall Street Journal rapporte que la marine chinoise de l'APL semble avoir secrètement obtenu un accès exclusif à environ un tiers de la base pour une durée de 30 ans, donnant à Pékin un nouveau flanc sud sur la mer de Chine méridionale, et une seconde base à l'étranger (l'autre ayant été ouverte à Djibouti en 2017).

Un tel accueil de forces armées étrangères serait contraire à la constitution cambodgienne ainsi qu'aux accords de paix de Paris de 1991 qui ont mis fin à la guerre civile cambodgienne.

L'existence de l'accord a été démentie par les autorités cambodgiennes qui l'ont qualifié de fake news, mais les autorités chinoises ne l'ont pas démenti, gardant le silence à ce sujet.

La présence présumée de la Chine sur la base navale de Ream a été condamnée par Sam Rainsy, ancien chef de l'opposition du Cambodge et dernier chef du Parti du sauvetage national du Cambodge avant sa dissolution par la Cour suprême du Cambodge.
Dans un article pour Foreign Affairs, Rainsy a décrit la présence chinoise comme une « grave menace pour la stabilité régionale » et l'a qualifiée de partie d'un plan global du gouvernement chinois visant à militariser la côte cambodgienne en combinaison avec des projets d'infrastructure ambitieux dans la province voisine de Koh Kong.

En juillet 2019, Tea Banh (ministre de la Défense nationale cambodgienne) dit ne pas comprendre la réponse des États-Unis (plus précisément la réponse de Joseph Felter, sous-secrétaire adjoint américain à la Défense pour l'Asie du Sud et du Sud-Est) après que le Royaume ait décliné l'offre américaine d'aide à la réparation de la base navale de Ream.
Selon Emily Zeeberg (porte-parole de l'ambassade américaine), ce refus a justifié la crainte d'un possible hébergement de moyens militaires chinois (ce que la constitution cambodgienne ne permet théoriquement pas, ni à aucun autre pays étranger) ; d'autant qu'une entreprise construit un aéroport et un port maritime respectivement capable de recevoir des avions de guerre et des navires de guerre. Selon Tea Banh, l'assistance à la reconstruction était inutile, simplement car l'armée prévoyait de déplacer cette base navale pour en augmenter la capacité. Emily Zeeberg a exhorté les dirigeants cambodgiens à maintenir leur engagement constitutionnel en faveur d'une politique étrangère indépendante et à protéger activement l'indépendance du Cambodge pour les générations futures.

En octobre 2020, le vice-amiral Vann Bunlieng reconnait que si des travaux de dragage sont en cours autour de la base, c'est pour pouvoir accueillir de plus gros navires, dans le cadre d'un projet soutenu par le gouvernement chinois. Ces travaux sont conduits par le groupe China Metallurgical Group Corporation, spécialisé dans l'exploitation minière. L'un des deux bâtiments financés par les États-Unis sur la base a été démoli en septembre 2020.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Marine nationale khmère
 Incident de Mayagüez
 Parc national de Ream

Base navale
Province de Sihanoukville
Forces armées royales cambodgiennes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
A bibliai kánon olyan szövegek (vagy "könyvek") összessége, amelyeket egy adott zsidó vagy keresztény vallási közösség hiteles írásnak tekint.

A kánon szó a bibliai iratokra alkalmazva a hit szabályát tartalmazó, az Istentől ihletett iratok együttesét, gyűjteményét jelenti. Már a 2. századtól fogva találkozunk a keresztény irodalomban olyan kifejezésekkel, mint az egyház kánona, az igazság kánona, a hit kánona. A kifejezést először és egyértelműen Athanasziosz (Atanáz) püspök alkalmazta a Bibliára Kr. u. 350 körül.

A kanonikus irat a kánonhoz tartozó bibliai iratot jelent. A kanonikus gyűjtemény kifejezés arra utal, hogy a Biblia az Istentől ihletett iratokat teljességükben tartalmazza. A kanonizáció kifejezés azt jelenti, hogy az egyház elismerte az egyes iratok isteni ihletettségét és ezzel a kánonhoz való tartozását. Ha a kanonizáció folyamatáról beszélünk az ó- és újszövetségi egyházban, akkor arról van szó, hogy mikor, miként ismerték fel vagy ismerték el az egyes iratok kanonikus voltát és csatolták véglegesen a kánonhoz.

Etimológia
A kánon szó görög eredetű és "vesszőt", "vonalzót", "botot", "mérővesszőt" jelent. Valószínűleg közös eredetű a héber kaneh szóval, amely "nád", "sás", "vessző", "mérővessző" jelentésű (Ezékiel könyve 40,3 és 42,16). Már az ókori klasszikus irodalomban is használták "norma", "szabály", "példa", "minta" értelemben, és az Újszövetségben is megtaláljuk (Második levél a korintusiaknak 10,13, Levél a galatáknak 6,16 stb.).

A kanonizáció folyamata

A zsidók és a keresztények egyaránt azt vallják, hogy a Biblia tanítása szerint Isten kiválasztott "szent embereit", a prófétákat használta fel arra, hogy az emberiségnek szóló üzeneteit tolmácsolják. A keresztények továbbá azt is vallják, hogy a prófétai írások megőrzését és minden néppel, emberrel való megismertetését pedig egyházára bízta. Pál apostol a zsidó nép jelentőségéről szólva az első helyen említi, hogy "Isten rájuk bízta az Ő beszédeit" (Rómaiakhoz írt levél 3,2).

A keresztény felfogás szerint a bibliai iratok által közölt kinyilatkoztatás  az utolsó apostol halálával zárult le, bár a kánon csak az azt következő évszázadok során zárult le véglegesen.

Ókor
Már a 2. századtól kezdve a szentírási könyvek több jegyzéke is maradt reánk.

Markión, a gnosztikus tanító megállapította maga kánonját, amelybe az evangéliumok közül csak Lukácsot, az apostolok levelei közül pedig csak Pál tíz levelét foglalta bele. Ez a kánon mutatja, hogy a szent iratok gyűjteményének fogalma már a 2. században létezett a hívők között.

170 körül keletkezett az ú. n. Muratori-töredék. Ennek hiányzó elején Máté és Márk bizonyosan meg volt említve, de hiányzik belőle a Zsidók., Jakab, Péter II. stb. Összességében a mai 27 újszövetségi könyvből 22 van benne. Magánolvasmányként megemlíti a Hermasz pásztorát is.

A korai szír és latin fordítások, amelyek a 2. század végén keletkeztek, 22 vagy 23 könyvet tartalmaztak a mai Újszövetség 27 iratából.

A Codex Baroccio (206), amely A 60 könyv címet viseli, 64 könyvet tartalmazott, de Eszter és a Jelenések könyve hiányzott belőle.

A korai egyházatyák, mint Polycarpus, Ignatius, Jusztinusz mártír, Irenaeus idéznek különböző újszövetségi iratokból: "ezt mondja az Úr", "meg van írva", "ezt mondja az Írás" formulákban. A legkorábbi tanú pedig a Didakhé, amely szintén így idéz.

A Constitutio Apostolorum, a szír kánon (400 körül), Philastrius (395), Junilius Africanus és a későbbiek apokrif könyveket egyáltalán nem sorolnak fel, kivéve az "apostolok kánonjait"; a Jel.-et és Zsid.-et pedig a novatiánusok miatt nem említik.

A 4. századi egyháztörténetíró Euszebiosz az Újszövetség valamennyi mai iratát felsorolta, de megemlítette, hogy hat könyvvel kapcsoltaban egyesek ellenvetéseket támasztanak.

A A zsidókhoz írt levelet csak a 4. században fogadták el véglegesen a nyugati egyházban, mivel anonim irat. Jakab levelét Pál megigazulás-tanával való látszólagos ellentéte miatt ellenezték egyesek. Júdás levele a hitelesség szempontjából vált megkérdőjelezetté, ugyanis az Énokh könyve című pszeudoepigráf iratból idéz. Péter II. levelének szerzőségét kérdőjelezték meg, mert stílusában eltér Péter I. levelétől. János második és harmadik levele személyes jellege miatt nem terjedt el széles körben, ezért késett a kanonizálása.

Athanasius püspök 367-ben kelt húsvéti levelében felsorolta mind a 27 mai újszövetségi könyvet, mint amelyet kizárólagosan szabad használni az istentiszteleteken és az egyházi életben. Athanasius ez a levele az újszövetségi kánon lezárulásának a dokumentuma.

A (mind az ószövetségi, mind az újszövetségi) kánon kialakulása az egyházban egy folyamat volt, mely valószínűleg 382-ben zárult le véglegesen a római zsinaton, amikor is I. Damasus (366-384) volt a pápa. Ezért ezt a dokumentumot "Decretum Damasi"-nak nevezi az egyháztörténetírás.

A katolikus egyház hivatalos megnyilatkozásai között találjuk meg ezt a iratot, amelynek gyűjteményes kiadását a keresztény közismeret ún. "Denzinger"-nek nevez, Heinrich Denzinger (1819-1883) német jezsuita első szerkesztője nyomán.

Későbbiek
Az alább felsorolt könyvek egyikét-másikát egyes helyi kánonok elfogadtak, többet közülük néhány egyházatya is támogatott, némely régi újszövetségi kézirat gyűjteményben is megtalálhatók voltak. A folyamatos vizsgálat és rostálás során végül is elvetették a bibliai kánonba való felvételüket. A középkori egyházban még nagyon kedveltek egyeseket ezek közül, különösen a Hermasz pásztorát, azonban semmilyen egyházi zsinat vagy fórum nem kanonizálta őket.

A legfontosabb ezek közül:
 Az ál-Barnabás levele (1. vagy 2. század)
 II. Kelemen levél (2. század)
 Hermasz pásztora
 Didakhé
 Péter apokalipszise (150 körül)
 Pál és Tekla cselekedetei (170 körül)
 Laodiceaiakhoz írt levél
 Zsidók (héberek) evangéliuma (1. század)
 Polikárposz levele a filippibeliekhez (108)
 Ignatius hét levele (110 körül)

Újkor
Luther 1534-es bibliakiadásában a deuterokánonikus könyveket függelékbe tette, azaz hét ószövetségi könyvet áthelyezett az apokrifok közé, amelyek nem tekinthetők egyenlőnek a Szentírás többi könyvével, de hasznos és jó olvasni őket.

1546-ban a katolikus egyház tridenti zsinat dogmatizálta az apokrifok folytonosságát a következő módon:
 A zsinat elfogadja és tiszteli az összes könyvet, (belefoglalva az apokrifokat) mind az Ó- mind az Újszövetséget. Az egy Istent tekinti mindkettő szerzőjének... Ha valaki nem fogadja el szentnek és kanonikusnak a mondott könyveket teljességükben, minden részlettel együtt, amint a Katolikus Egyházban olvassák, azon legyen átok.

A zsinat minden bizonnyal a reformációval szembeni ellentét miatt fogalmazott ilyen formában.
Ennek ellenére neves katolikus teológusok is tagadták az apokrif iratok kanonikusságát, köztük például Tommaso De Vio bíboros.

A protestánsok visszatértek a héber ószövetségi kánonhoz, a keleti ortodox egyházakban pedig máig a Septuagintát használják Ószövetségként.

Az Ószövetség kanonizációja

Az Ószövetség kanonizációja hosszú folyamat végeredménye. A legelső, egységesen sugalmazottnak elfogadott könyvek csoportja a Tóra, azaz a Törvénykönyv (Mózes öt könyve) volt. Ez már a Kr. e. 4. században többé kevésbé kialakult. A prófétai könyvek (Nebi'îm)kánonja valamikor a Kr. e. 2. században véglegesült, bár ezt nem minden zsidó felekezet fogadta el. Így például a szadduceusok kizárólag a Tóra sugalmazottságát vallották. A legvitatottabb azonban a Ketûbîm (azaz Írások) listája volt. A kereszténység kialakulásának idejében erről még nem volt egységes álláspont a zsidók körében. Egyes zsidó csoportok (például az alexandriai diaszpórában élők több olyan könyvet is elismertek sugalmazottnak, amit a judeai farizeus zsidóság nem tekintett annak. Ezek egy része már eleve görögül íródott, ám többségük arámi vagy héber könyvek koiné fordítása volt.

A végleges héber kánon 24 könyvbe sorolja az Ószövetség iratait, szemben a keresztény (protestáns) 39-es felosztással, amely a Septuaginta (az alexandriai görög fordítás) felosztását követi. A különbözőség abból adódik, hogy a héber kánonban Sámuel első és második könyve, valamint A királyok első és második könyve és A krónikák első és második könyve csak egy-egy könyv, a 12 kispróféta is egy könyv, illetve Ezdrás és Nehémiás könyvei is egyetlen könyvet alkotnak.

Az Ószövetség kanonizációjának dokumentumai

A legtöbb ószövetségi könyv említést tesz a már létező egyéb szent iratokról, vagy azok gyűjtéséről; ezeket abszolút tekintélyű, ihletett kinyilatkoztatásnak ismerték el. Például "Még ezek is Salamon példabeszédei, melyeket összeszedegettek Ezékiásnak, a Júda királyának emberei" (Péld 25,1).
Az Ószövetség Kr. e. 250 körül Alexandriában elkészített görög fordítása, a Szeptuaginta tanúsítja, hogy a kánon gyűjteménye akkor már teljes volt.
A Kr. e. 132 körüli Jézus, Sirák fiának könyve című deuterokanonikus irat bevezetése szerint ez idő tájt már nemcsak egységes gyűjteményként voltak ismertek a szent iratok, hanem az Újszövetségből ismert hármas felosztás is megvolt: a törvény, a próféták és az írások.
Az újszövetségi iratok, azon belül különösképpen Jézus bizonyságtétele az "Írásokról", szintén igen fontos tanúság. Az Kr. u. 1. század első felében a szent iratok egységes gyűjteményként voltak használatban, és a kettes ("a törvény és a próféták") vagy hármas felosztás ("a törvény, a próféták és az írások" vagy "zsoltárok") is érvényben volt. "Ne gondoljátok, hogy jöttem a törvénynek vagy a prófétáknak eltörlésére. Nem jöttem, hogy eltöröljem, hanem inkább, hogy betöltsem" (Máté evangéliuma 5,17).
Philón, az alexandriai görög műveltségű zsidó filozófus Kr. u. 40 körül szintén úgy beszél a szent iratokról, mint amelyek "a törvény, a próféták, a himnuszok és a többi írás" gyűjteményét foglalják magukba, amelyek "nevelik és tökéletesítik a tudást és a kegyességet". (De Vita Contemplativa, III. 25.)
Josephus Flavius, zsidó történetíró (kb. Kr. u. 37–100) írja: "I. Artaxerxész (Longimanusz, Kr. e. 464 – 424) óta egészen a mi időnkig ugyancsak mindent feljegyeztek. Ezeket az írásokat mégsem tartjuk az előbbiekkel azonos hitelességűeknek, mivelhogy megszakadt a próféták pontosan nyilvántartott láncolata. A gyakorlat mutatja meg, miként közeledünk mi saját írásainkhoz. Bár roppant idő telt el azóta, sem hozzátenni, sem elvenni belőlük, sem megváltoztatni bármit is nem merészelt senki, mert minden zsidóban már születésétől fogva benne gyökerezik az a meggyőződés, hogy ezek Isten végzései…" (Apión ellen, avagy a zsidó nép ősi voltáról, Budapest, 1984 – Hahn István fordítása)
Egyes tudósok úgy gondolják, hogy Kr. u. 90 körül Jochanan ben Zakkai rabbi vezetésével zsinatot tartottak Jamniában, amely a zsidó vallás központja lett Jeruzsálem pusztulása után, és ezen a zsinaton megállapították a héber kánon máig érvényben lévő, 24 könyvet tartalmazó katalógusát. Az elméletet Heinrich Graetz dolgozta ki 1871-ben, mely hamar népszerű lett. Azonban már 1925-ben megkérdőjelezte W. M. Christie a The Journal of Theological Studies szakfolyóiratban megjelent cikkében a zsinat történelmiségét és az 1960-as, 70-es évekre általános nézet lett az elmélet megalapozatlan volta. A kritikusok szerint a héber kánon a Kr. e. 4. században rögzítve volt már, és ezen semmit sem változtattak az Kr. u. 1. században a zsidó írástudók körében lefolytatott viták egynémely könyv kanonikusságáról. A palesztinai kánon jelenleg is érvényes sorrendjéről az első dokumentum Meliton sárdisi keresztény püspöktől való a Kr. u. 170 körülről, aki a Közel-Keletre utazott azért, hogy pontosan ismerteti az iratok számát és sorrendjét a héber kánonban. Végül a Kr. u. 5. századból való Babilóniai Talmud a mai héber kánon felosztásával és sorrendjével pontosan azonos, teljes katalógust közöl, amelyet az alábbiakban ismertetünk. (Ebben a sorrendben találjuk az iratokat a mai kiadású héber nyelvű bibliákban is.)

Az Újszövetség kanonizációja

Az újszövetségi iratok néhány évtized alatt keletkeztek, mégis bizonyos időt vett igénybe az újszövetségi kánon kialakulása, mert az egyes iratok általános, az egész Római Birodalomra kiterjedő elterjedése, illetve ismertté válása szükséges volt a kánon lezárulásához. A szent iratok széles körű megismerése istentiszteleti felolvasás által történt A jelenések könyve (1,3) alapján: "Boldog, aki olvassa, és akik hallgatják e prófétálás beszédeit".

Az Újszövetség kanonizációjának dokumentumai

Lukács evangéliuma (1,1–4) tanúsága szerint az evangélium írása idején már számos, Jézus életét és tanításait megörökítő írás volt ismert.
A 2–4. századi egyházatyák, Papiasz Hierapolitész, Szent Polükarposz, Antiochiai Szent Ignác, Szent Jusztinusz , Iréneusz idéznek különböző újszövetségi iratokból "ezt mondja az Úr", "meg van írva", "ezt mondja az Írás" formulával. A legkorábbi, legfontosabb tanú pedig a Didaché című irat, amely szintén így idéz.
Az úgynevezett Muratori kánonjegyzék Kr. u. 170 körül keletkezett, latin nyelvű, töredékes irat. 22 újszövetségi iratot sorol fel, és rövid megjegyzéseket tesz az egyes iratokkal kapcsolatos adatokról a kanonikusság szempontjából. Szerzője ismeretlen.
A régi szír és latin fordítások, amelyek a 2. század végén keletkeztek, 22, illetve 23 iratot tartalmaznak az Újszövetség 27 iratából.
Egy népszerű, és az interneten igen sok példányban olvasható félreértés szerint létezik Kr. u. 206-ból egy Codex Baroccio nevű kánonlista, mely az Újszövetség 27 iratából 26-ot tartalmaz, csak A jelenések könyve hiányzik belőle. A valóságban ilyen irat nincs. A félreértést az okozta, hogy egy késő középkori dokumentum lapszéli jegyzete hivatkozik a Codex Baroccio 206-ra, amit bizonyos bibliakutatók évszámnak hittek. A valóságban ez nem évszámot jelent, hanem a Barocci-gyűjtemény 206. darabját, amely feltehetően a IX. századból való.
Az egyháztörténetíró Eusebius (340 körül) az Újszövetség valamennyi iratát felsorolja, de megemlíti, hogy hat könyvvel kapcsolatban egyesek ellenvetéseket támasztanak.
Nagy Szent Atanáz püspök 367-ben kelt 39. számú húsvéti levelében felsorolja mind a 27 újszövetségi iratot, mint amelyeket kizárólagosan szabad használni az istentiszteleteken és az egyházi életben. Atanáznak ez a levele a keleti egyházban az újszövetségi kánon kialakulásának és lezárulásának dokumentuma.
A nyugati kereszténység a kánont a 386-os Római zsinaton véglegesítette, Damasus római püspök és Hieronymus presbiter vezetésével

Csoportosítás kanonikusság alapján
 A négy fő csoport
Az összes iratot, amelyeket a kanonizáció folyamán megvizsgáltak, négy csoportba oszthatjuk. Az első századok egyházatyáitól valók az alábbi fogalmak és a csoportosítás.

Homologoumena csoport: Azok az iratok tartoznak ide, amelyeket egyhangúlag, azonnal mindenki kanonikusnak fogadott el. (Az elnevezés a homologeo igéből származik, amelynek jelentése: 'egyetérteni'.)
Antilegomena csoport: Az a néhány ó- és újszövetségi irat tartozik ide, amelyeket szintén sokan és azonnal elismertek, egyesek azonban később kétségbe vonták a kanonikusságukat. (Az elnevezés az antilego igéből származik, amelynek jelentése: 'ellentmondani'.) Ezek az ellenvetések, melyekről bebizonyosodott, hogy félreértésen, illetve meg nem értésen alapultak, nem rendítették meg e könyvek kánoni tekintélyét.
A pszeudoepigráf iratok csoportja: Ide tartoznak azok az írások, amelyeket egyöntetűen mindenki elvetett, mint a prófétai, apostoli iratok utánzásával próbálkozó hamisítványokat. (A pseudoepigrafo kifejezés jelentése: 'álírások, hamisítványok'.)
Az apokrif iratok csoportja: Azok a könyvek tartoznak az apokrifek közé, amelyeket általánosan nem fogadtak el kanonikusnak, egyesek vagy egyes zsinatok azonban igen. (Az apokripha görög kifejezés jelentése: 'elrejtett'. Arra utal, hogy ezeket az iratokat nem volt szabad olvasni a zsinagóga, illetve a keresztény gyülekezet istentiszteletein.)

 Deuterokanonikus könyvek
A 4. században volt egy második kanonizáció, amikor néhány további könyvet is beillesztettek a kánonba. Ezeket az úgynevezett deuterokanonikus, vagyis a "második kánonhoz tartozó" könyveket ma csak a katolikus és az ortodox Biblia tartalmazza, a protestáns Biblia nem. A protestánsok az apokrif iratok közé sorolják őket.

A Biblia általánosan elfogadott könyvei (homologoumenák)
Az Ó- és Újszövetség ókeresztény négyes csoportosítás szerinti homologoumena könyvei a következők:

A Biblia egykor vitatott könyvei (antilegomenák)
Az ókeresztény négyes csoportosítás szerinti antilegomena könyvek a következők:

Az Ószövetség vitatott könyvei

Salamon Énekek éneke könyvének kanonikusságát vonta kétségbe Sammai iskolája a Kr. u. 1. században arra hivatkozva, hogy egyesek érzékinek találják.
Eszter könyve iránt támasztottak kétségeket egyesek arra hivatkozva, hogy nem lelki, Isten neve elő sem fordul benne.
Ezékiel könyvét is megkérdőjelezte Sammai iskolája, mert a mózesi törvénnyel való harmónia hiányát állapította meg, az első tíz fejezetben pedig gnosztikus tendenciát vélt felfedezni.
A példabeszédek könyvével kapcsolatban az észrevétel az volt, hogy nem logikus, ellentmond önmagának.

Az Újszövetség vitatott könyvei

A zsidókhoz írt levelet csak a 4. században fogadták el véglegesen a nyugati egyházban, mivel szerzője kérdéses volt, az apostoli szerzőséget pedig a kanonicitás egyik legfontosabb ismérvének tekintették. A keleti egyházban viszont Pál levelének tekintették kezdettől fogva, és könnyen elfogadták. Napjainkban ugyanakkor erősen kétségbe vonják, hogy Pál volt a szerzője.
Jakab levelét Pál megigazulás-tanával való látszólagos ellentéte miatt kérdőjelezték meg egyesek, tehát a tartalmi hitelesség oldaláról vált kétségessé. Luther Márton például, ahogy a deuterokanonikus könyveket apokrif címszó alatt az Ószövetsség után hozta, a tartalomjegyzékben pedig számozatlanul hagyta, úgy Szent Jakab levelét is az Újszövetség után külön hozta, és a könyv nem kapott sorszámot Luther Újszövetségfordításában. Órigenész, Euszebiosz, Szent Jeromos, Hippói Szent Ágoston és mások rámutattak azonban kiegészítő jellegére Pál leveleinek tanításaihoz képest, és támogatták kanonikusságának elismerését.
Péter második levelének péteri szerzőségét is vitatták azon az alapon, hogy stílusában eltér Péter első levelétől. A különbözőségek mellett azonban – amit a téma mássága indokol – nagyon sok belső hasonlóság is van a két levél között nyelvileg és tartalmilag egyaránt. Ez esetben is az előző pontban felsorolt tekintélyes ókori egyházi tanítók támogatták a levél kanonizálását.
János második és harmadik levele személyes jellegük miatt nem terjedtek el széles körben a korai időkben, kanonizálásuk egyrészt ezért késett. Másrészt a szerző nem apostolnak, hanem presbiternek, vénnek nevezi magát. Az alábbi érvek támogatták viszont kanonizálásukat: a stílus és a gondolatok hasonlósága az apostol első levelével, valamint Péter apostol hasonló szóhasználata, aki szintén presbiternek nevezi magát (Péter első levele 5,1).
Júdás levele a hitelesség szempontjából vált megkérdőjelezetté, ugyanis az Énokh könyve című apokrif iratból idéz (14–15. vers). Nyilvánvaló lett azonban, hogy csak a maga céljainak megfelelő részletet ragadja ki, olyan jelleggel, ahogy Pál is idéz pogány görög szerzőktől (Az Apostolok cselekedetei 17,28; Első levél a korintusiaknak 15,32; Levél Titusznak 1,12). Egyáltalán nem hitelesíti a művet mint egészet, nem a szent írások idézésénél használt formulával idézi. Egyesek bizonytalannak tartják Énokh könyve Kr. e. 1. századra datálását is, és azt vallják, hogy a könyv későbbi, és Énokh könyve idéz Júdás leveléből, és nem fordítva.
A jelenések könyve a korai egyházatyák írásainak tanúsága szerint a homologoumena, vagyis a mindenki által egyetemesen elfogadott könyvekhez tartozott a 3. század közepéig. Akkor Alexandriai Dionüsziosz alexandriai püspök megkérdőjelezte hitelességét, mert a montanisták eretnek irányzata ennek a könyvnek téves értelmezésére alapozta millenista nézeteit. Nyilvánvalóvá lett azonban, hogy egy ilyen visszaélés miatt nem rekeszthető ki a kánonból A jelenések könyve, amely egyébként a kanonikusság minden kívánalmának megfelel.

A Biblia deuterokanonikus könyvei

A következő könyveket a protestáns kánon nem tartalmazza. A protestánsok apokrif iratoknak tartják őket.

Apokrif vagy pszeudoepigráf (álfeliratú) iratok

Semelyik jelentősebb mai egyház nem fogadja el őket. Némelyiküket egyes bibliaváltozatok valaha tartalmaztak, illetve egyes mai kisebb keresztény egyházak (például a kopt és az etiópiai) elfogadják. (A kopt egyház Bibliája például tartalmazza az Énokh könyvét (Henoch apokalipszise) és a Pál levele a laodicabeliekhez című iratot.)

A kereszténység irányzataiban
A kereszténység különböző irányzataiban, ágaiban elfogadott kanonikus könyvek:

Ószövetség

Újszövetség

Jegyzetek

Megjegyzések

Források
 Henrich Denzinger - Peter Hünermann: Hitvallások és az Egyház Tanítóhivatalának megnyilatkozásai, Örökmécs Kiadó- Szent István Társulat, 2004., Bátonyterenye-Budapest.
 Magyar katolikus lexikon
 Vankó-Reisinger: Bevezetés a Biblia tanulmányozásához, Bibliaiskolák Közössége, 1993.
 Pecsuk Ottó (szerk.): Bibliaismereti kézikönyv, Kálvin Kiadó, 2008
 A Biblia története, a Biblia keletkezése és hatása, Kálvin János kiadó 2007 Budapest

További információk
 http://www.bible-researcher.com/canon4.html

Kapcsolódó szócikkek
 Biblia
 A Biblia könyvei
 Apokrif iratok

Biblia


text:
Bristol man says he's having to sleep in his hallway because of 'ridiculous' damp
George Knox says he is 'sick and fed up' of the problems with his Mendip Road flat
Conor GogartyChief reporter
A Bedminster man has criticised his housing association over "ridiculous" damp and leaking in his flat.
George Knox, of Mendip Road, claims three pipes connected to his toilet have been leaking on and off for six months.
The 51-year-old says he has been sleeping on his hallway carpet for the same length of time as he fears the damp in his bedroom will cause him "serious health problems".
He says he has repeatedly complained about these issues to Solon South West Housing Association in the past six months – although its boss told Bristol Live it did not have a record of these complaints.
Kicked out, homeless and facing life in a Travelodge – one family's journey through Bristol's housing system
George Knox in his Mendip Road home (Image: James Beck/Freelance)
Mr Knox, who has lived in the flat for 20 years, said: "I must be heading to my first foot, if not my second, counting my fingers and toes for how many times I have rung them up.
"I have to change a bucket by my toilet every day or so to stop it spilling over with water from the leak. It's quite annoying.
"Water leaking down has caused black water marks on the ceiling of the lounge, which is below."
He says Solon has visited five or six times to fix the toilet.
Damp in George Knox's bedroom (Image: James Beck/Freelance)
"I waste four hours of my life waiting for them each time, because I can't do anything in case I miss them," he said.
"They spend five minutes putting on a bit of blocking spray, which solves the issue temporarily, but about a month later I am ringing them up again.
Tenants living in mouldy or damp homes will soon be able to take their landlords to court
"It's been going on too long. I am getting sick and fed up of it. It's frustrating and ridiculous.
"I want proper action taken. They need to fit a new system."
The damp in Mr Knox's bedroom is a separate issue to the leaking toilet, he says.
George Knox's leaking toilet (Image: James Beck/Freelance)
Asked what it has been like to sleep in the hallway for six months, he said: "It's not fun."
He claims he made a complaint about the damp several months ago, but says Solon is yet to address the problem.
Solon says its record of Mr Knox's complaints differ from his account of them.
Rogue landlords could be hit with financial penalties of up to £30,000
Its chief executive officer Paul Ville said: "Mr Knox reported a leaking toilet on November 2, 2016, and a contractor carried out repairs on November 3, 2016.
"Since then Solon doesn't have any records regarding ongoing defects to the toilet and no contractor from Solon has visited the property to carry out any further repairs to the toilet.
George Knox is unhappy with the damp in his flat (Image: James Beck/Freelance)
"Mr Knox raised a number of concerns regarding the electrics in his property at the start of 2019. Solon arranged for these to be inspected by an electrician and they were found to be safe."
Bristol man arrested for naked romp in front of passengers on National Express coach
A Solon surveyor and contractor will visit Mr Knox tomorrow morning (March 12) to carry out repairs to the toilet and inspect damp, Mr Ville added.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Jameel family
Jameel Clinic at MIT
Jameel clinic
Building on MIT's pioneering history in artificial intelligence and life sciences, the Abdul Latif Jameel Clinic for Machine Learning in Health develops artificial intelligence technologies that are changing the landscape of healthcare, including early diagnostics, drug discovery, care personalisation and management.
Jameel Clinic develops novel algorithms for modelling biological and clinical data and is making discoveries in machine learning, biology, chemistry and clinical sciences.
In 2020, Jameel Clinic announced the discovery by machine learning of Halicin, a new antibacterial compound that kills many of the world's deadliest bacteria, including some strains resistant to all known antibiotics
Image: courtesy of the Collins Lab at MIT
Supporting research and education in artificial intelligence and healthcare through collaborations with hospitals and industry partners
Pioneering data-driven approaches to understanding biology and clinical data
Screening cancer through deep learning, Mirai is a landmark advance in accuracy and health equity
Jameel Institute at Imperial College London
The Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics at Imperial College London has the overarching mission to improve the lives of the world's populations most vulnerable to infectious disease.
Abdul Latif Jameel Hospital
The Abdul Latif Jameel Hospital in Jeddah is the first of its kind in Saudi Arabia and specialises in medical rehabilitation.
Innovating for
Innovating for a better future
I confirm that I am over 18 years of age, or over the legal age of majority in my country of residence
Thanks for subscribing to our newsletter
© 2022 Community Jameel. All rights reserved.
Permission to use this site is granted strictly subject to the Terms of Use. The Community Jameel name and logotype are trademarks or registered trademarks of Abdul Latif Jameel IPR Company Ltd.


Our client is a global fin-tech leader that competes with the likes of Amazon.
This organization is looking for motivated Senior Java Developers to join the team. The candidates should have a strong proficiency in Java, Hibernate, Spring Framework as well as Maven.
Experience in continuous integration/delivery build environment using SVN/GIT, Jenkins, Ant/Maven, Coverage and Static/Dynamic Analysis tools.
Contact Reuben Packianathan on (60) 3 2300 7230 or Reuben.P@ambition.com.my or click the Apply Now button quoting reference number RP222555. For similar opportunities, please visit www.ambition.com.my.


Will you be in Barcelona for Mobile World Congress in February?
During the time of the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona, alongside leading tech advisory and investment firm GP Bullhound, partners from CMS will present on some of the Top Tech Predictions that we believe will define tech in the coming year.
Hosted at the iconic Gaudi building, La Pedrera, there will be ample opportunity to catch up with contacts new and old alike.
Our event is historically very popular with senior level executives and as space is limited, you are encouraged to register your interest using the button below by Monday 28th January.
Please note, you do not need to be attending Mobile World Congress in order to attend our event.
Please ensure your registration has been accepted.


This word has a certain taste of celerity and accelerator, but's it's terser. It almost seems a more select word, but it has a sound of a brand name that's made to sell… After all, it is the name of a car.
That's not all it's the name of, mind you, and not the first thing it was the name of, either. Before it was used for hawking cars, it was – as it still is – a name for a male goshawk or falcon. It comes via French, somewhat changed from the Latin tertiolus, diminutive of tertius 'third'. The bird word is also spelled tiercel.
Oh, and in either spelling, the accent is on the first syllable: tercel is "terse'll" and tiercel is "tier s'll." Funny thing in English: we used to leave final -el syllables unstressed, sometimes even spelling them -ell as in names such as Winchell, Twitchell, Meynell, but nowadays we tend by default to stress them, repronouncing names – and restressing tercel in the brand name as "ter-sell"… good for selling, of course.
So why was a male falcon a third? There are two lines of thought: it's either because the male is a third smaller than the female, or because about one in three falcon eggs is a male.
So it wasn't named for the flash and dash of the raptor? Its celerity, perhaps? Well, a Toyota Tercel's speedometer tops out at 185 km/h (about 115 mph), and I have seen a YouTube video of someone's dashboard as they manage to get one up to that on a flat straightaway. The top speed of a falcon in a dive, on the other hand, is about 320 km/h (200 mph).
So, um, advantage bird. Unless you can show me that a Toyota Tercel dropped from a great height achieves a higher terminal velocity. But even if it does, the bird still wins – because it survives.
Thanks to Roberto de Vido for suggesting today's word.
This entry was posted in word tasting notes and tagged tercel, tiercel, Toyota Tercel, word tasting notes. Bookmark the permalink.
Coincidentally(?), this weekend's episode of Quirks and Quarks featured an interview with a researcher who put cameras on falcon's heads to investigate their hunting techniques. Pretty good.


text:
For Fuck's Sake | Issue 10
Dear Girls on the Piss
Let me tell you a story. Once upon a time at 4am, I was in McDonald's for some late-night chicken nugs and I saw a girl pee her pants. I literally had lingering eye contact with this chick as urine ran down her leg, and then I helpfully pointed to the puddle at her feet and told her that she had pissed herself, in case she hadn't noticed. And then I got my nuggets and walked home.
Don't get me wrong: I completely believe in a woman's right to get totally Lindsay Lohan'ed and make bad decisions. But we all need to accept (myself included) that sometimes when girls get drunk, they become particularly annoying (think high-pitched shrieks and uncanny amounts of face-planting). We need to start making changes to ensure we don't end our nights all alone in a puddle of pee.
Our first step towards dignity should be to ditch drinks of a questionable colour. We can't keep drinking Raspberry Cruisers like they're Diet Coke on a school night – everyone knows that respectable pissheads don't need sugar to mask the taste of alcohol. Wine and spirits are much more respectable and classy (class not guaranteed). Gin and tonics are a good gateway drink for those of you who need a couple of weekends to wean yourself off Archers.
That being said, alcohol is a depressant so please stay away from it if you're feeling sad. Actually, just stay away full stop. Do not come out. When people are trying to party they don't want to have to deal with some bitch sobbing in the corner. No one cares about your emotional crisis, they only care about singing along to R Kelly's "Remix to Ignition." If there's a chance of getting weepy on the piss, do it like Bridget Jones: at home, in flannel pajamas, with Celine Dion and a bottle of vodka.
As much as I shudder to see girls with their boobses hanging out, I don't think it's bad to bring out our inner slut every now and then. That's fine. But please stop grinding on whatever you feel behind you on the dance floor. Creepy middle-aged men, and a million other things, are why this is a bad idea. But also, chances are that it's not a dude at all, just some poor girl who just wants to make it to the bar without getting used as a stripper pole.
We are at the stage in life where it's pretty standard to end the evening hugging a toilet bowl. But the McDonald's floor is not an acceptable substitute. Stay fabulous, bitches.
Posted 4:00pm Sunday 5th May 2013 by Elsie Stone.
Elsie Stone
FOR FUCK'S SAKE
Top Ten Animals of the Air New Zealand In-Flight Entertainment Kids Map
ODT Watch | Issue 26
Student Refuses to Remove Apple Watch During Sex
Graduation Actually One Giant Apple Data Harvest
Student Attends Semi-Regular Careers Expo; Is Inundated With Employment Offers
Thing the Person Sitting Next to You in the Library Studying Looks Hard
UoO Moaningful Confessions | Issue 26
Horoscopes | Issue 26
Critic Booze Reviews | Hardy's
Critic Blind Date | Breathe In and Breathe Out


text:
Big-Bank Bad Guys Bully Democracy – And Blow It
by Richard Eskow | Mar 30, 2015 | Blog, Financial Reform
For so-called "masters of the universe," Wall Street executives sure seem touchy about criticism. It seems they don't like being painted as the bad guys.
But if they don't like being criticized, why do so many of them keep behaving like B-movie villains? That's exactly what executives from Citigroup, JPMorgan, Goldman Sachs and Bank of America looked like after an article appeared last week detailing their coordinated attempt to intimidate Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) and other Democrats who want to fix the mess on Wall Street.
They've cheated customers and defrauded investors. Now they want to use our legalized system of campaign-cash corruption to protect themselves from the very government which rescued them.
According to a well-reported recent Reuters article, "Big Wall Street banks are so upset with U.S. Democratic Senator Elizabeth Warren's call for them to be broken up that some have discussed withholding campaign donations to Senate Democrats in symbolic protest."
"Symbolic protest"? "Heavy-handed threat" is more like it. That sentence suggests that they're seeking not only to punish Warren and her allies, but all Senate Democrats - presumably until they reduce or eliminate her influence within the party.
Although the Reuters piece cites only "a maximum of $15,000" in potentially withheld contributions per bank, the threat is considerably greater than that. That maximum only applies to political party contributions from a PAC. (PACs can also contribute up to $5,000 to each individual candidate.)
But PACs aren't where the action is. It turns out that the campaign contribution game isn't all that different from Wall Street's other financial activities: in both cases the real money's in "innovative instruments."
"Super PACs," for example, can raise unlimited sums of money. They can then "spend unlimited sums to overtly advocate for or against political candidates," as OpenSecrets.org explains. The list of 2014's top 100 donors to these outside spending groups includes a number of Wall Streeters.
Bankers also contribute as individuals. When JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon testified before the Senate Banking Committee about his bank's "London Whale" fraud, for example, The Nation's George Zornick pointed out that only two of the 22 senators facing him had not received campaign contributions from his bank's employees.
As if to underscore the power of his connections, Dimon wore outsized cufflinks emblazoned with the presidential seal while giving his Senate testimony that day. (Apparently that's a favored way for Dimon to signal his power to lesser mortals. As his bank was negotiating its way out of the foreclosure fraud scandal, he reportedly wore cufflinks featuring the FBI logo to Davos.)
Unsurprisingly, the senators were largely indulgent toward Dimon.
Then there are the "bundlers," high-net-worth individuals who assemble large "bundles" of contributions from their peers and subordinates. They're responsible for major cash infusions to campaigns from both parties.
Top bundlers for the 2012 Obama campaign included 92 people from the securities and investment community, according to a study by the Center for Responsive Politics. They included executives from such scandal-plagued institutions as Barclays, Citigroup, and Goldman Sachs. (The Romney campaign failed to voluntarily provide a full list of bundlers, but CRP identified a number of bankers as well as 69 registered lobbyists.)
Spending is also skyrocketing for "dark money" groups, which are not required to disclose their donors. The banking industry is presumably well-represented there as well, although the veil of darkness surrounding these mountains of cash makes it impossible to know for sure.
We might have known, had the Securities and Exchange Commission followed through on plans to require publicly traded companies to disclose their political spending. But the SEC changed its mind, which may have been inevitable once prosecutor-turned-Wall-Street-lawyer Mary Jo White was selected to run it.
President Obama, who appointed White to that position, could do a lot to fix the dark money problem. As Lee Fang points out in The Nation, Obama could expose most of it with a stroke of the pen by requiring government contractors to disclose their contributions.
He should. The Brennan Center studied dark money in 13 of last year's toss-up congressional races. It found that dark money dominated outside spending in those campaigns, and that dark money constituted virtually all outside spending in seven of those races.
The Reuters article named four banks in last week's not-so-subtle shakedown attempt: Citigroup, JPMorgan, Goldman Sachs, and Bank of America. Each of these banks has been deeply implicated in a variety of massive, well-documented, multibillion-dollar frauds. Bankers at each institution were able to settle their fraud cases with shareholder cash – without facing jail time. And each bank took billions in government bailout money.
Readers may well wonder whether these banks are even permitted to band together for the purpose of blackmailing a political party. They are – campaign cash is "speech," remember? But then, bankers collude with one another even when it's not legal. (See here and here, for example.)
And why wouldn't bankers engage in unlawful conspiracy and fraud? It's not like any of them have gone to prison for it.
Does campaign cash correlate with good outcomes for Wall Street? Consider this: The "Citigroup amendment" to last year's "Cromnibus" budget deal – so named because Citigroup lobbyists literally wrote much of the bill's language – served the top five banks (including the four who so crudely threatened Democrats last week) very well.
Democrats who voted for that deal received twice as much in campaign contributions from the financial industry as those who voted against it.
Given all this, it's not hard to see why Wall Streeters would target Warren and Democratic colleagues like Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio). (Sen. Bernie Sanders wasn't mentioned, presumably because he's not a Democrat.)
The rise of the Democrats' "Warren wing" is a serious threat to the financial industry's interests. It has enjoyed considerable influence over the party under Bill Clinton and Barack Obama, and the Warren wing poses a very real threat to that influence.
The Showdown
With the 2016 campaign coming up, this is a critical moment in the struggle for the Democratic Party. Venture capitalist Alan Patricof, described last year as a "longtime Hillary Clinton friend and bundler," was asked in January whether "deep Democratic pockets" were enthusiastic about contributing to her campaign. Patricof said they're "tripping over themselves" to contribute. He also said that Clinton is "very sensitive to … Elizabeth Warren trying to paint her as being identified with Wall Street."
Bankers would presumably be far more comfortable investing in candidates who aren't facing that kind of pressure.
In his defense, Patricof invests in actual businesses, ventures which are part of the productive economy rather than the ephemeral financial sphere. The four banks that threatened the Democratic Party last week are far more dependent on the Federal government – a government that allowed them to become too big to fail, bailed them out when they collapsed from their own fraud and mismanagement, and has since allowed them to become bigger than ever.
The last thing these bankers want is a debate within the Democratic Party about reforming Wall Street and breaking up their too-big-to-fail institutions – a debate that could energize the "Warren wing" and leave finance-friendlier Dems on the defensive.
For her part, Warren was unfazed, describing the threat as "warning shot … a showy way to tell Democrats across the country to be scared of speaking out, to be timid about standing up, and to stay away from fighting for what's right."
Added Warren: "Ok, they have taken their shot, but it will not work."
Warren has it exactly right. Warren and her peers have started a conversation Wall Street doesn't want us to have. She is to be commended for resisting the big banks' undemocratic (and ungrateful) attack on the very system which saved them.
One thing is clear: This wasn't just a threat against a few senators, or a Democratic Party faction. It was a naked attempt to crush public debate with campaign cash. That makes it an attack on democracy itself. If the big banks weren't unpopular already, this undertaking would certainly help turn public opinion against them. They have made the case more convincingly than their critics ever could: We need to get money out of politics - and break up the big banks.
Warren and her allies clearly have public opinion on their side. 79 percent of voters have an unfavorable view of Wall Street. 80 percent of voters in last year's battleground states agreed that politicians do too much to support Wall Street and not enough for the middle class. 60 percent favor stricter regulation of Wall Street.
But then, we've known it since the days of the B-movies: Americans hate to see the bad guys win.


text:
Cadulus californicus är en blötdjursart som först beskrevs av Henry Augustus Pilsbry och Sharp 1898.  Cadulus californicus ingår i släktet Cadulus och familjen Gadilidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Tandsnäckor
californicus


text:
# hollywood
# movie
# actresses
# search
# actress
# actors
PC Sat
Entertainment Update!
Home Entertainments
Old Movie
Modern Movie
Music Promotions
Personal Career
Most Viral
Breaking Celebrity News, Entertainment Information And Celeb Gossip
Record Of Academy Award For Best Actress Winners By Age
Dish Community And New Developments In Satellite TV Know-how
Hollywood Actress Names
Lion (2016 Film)
Best Rated Lip Balm With Spf
Broadcasting Television Program
Breaking Superstar Information, Leisure News And Celeb Gossip
You Can Watch NHL Hockey Games On-line
Hollywood Actress Award Actresses
Where Had been The Hollywood Film Awards Held?
Free ESPN Online Television Streaming NFL Video games 2010Watch 3500 Live Channels
ASNF 8 months ago
Nischelle Renee Turner is a former leisure correspondent for HLN 's Showbiz Tonight and CNN and current correspondent and substitution anchor for Leisure Tonight. There isn't any want to install any expensive equipment to have the ability to receive free cable television shows and programs on-line. You needn't name the always irritating cable man to put the cables and even have to wait eternally to your job to be scheduled on the cable providers. Further, you do not even should improve your pc with any expensive hardware at all. Usually, all you want is to download this straightforward and clear cable TELEVISION software referred to as the satellite tv for pc direct TV package. Anne Hathaway. Showing on our fourth position top Hollywood actress record has taken a break from Hollywood. Her performing portfolio contains A bored wealthy child, a nerdy granddaughter of a European Queen, a girl with psychological issues in love, a villainous superheroine, and a comedic function in The Devil Wears Prada together with 2020 Golden Globe Award winner, Meryl Streep. (March 2020) The Hollywood Movie Awards are an American movement picture award ceremony held annually since 1997, usually in October or November. The gala ceremony takes place at the Beverly Hilton Lodge in Beverly Hills, California. The 2014 ceremony, broadcast by CBS, was the primary to be shown on television. Petrescu, RV., Aversa, R., Akash, B., Corchado, J., Berto, F., Mirsayar, MM., Kozaitis, S., Abu-Lebdeh, T., Apicella, A., Petrescu, FIT., 2017 Airlander, Journal of Plane and Spacecraft Technology, 1(1). Film times, buy film tickets on-line, watch trailers and get instructions to AMC Bradenton 20 in Bradenton, FL. Find everything you need for your local movie show near you. At many theaters, moviegoers are permitted to take away their masks when consuming, but there isn't a way to ensure they substitute their masks when they end their popcorn. Filmhouse Cinemas (West Africa) – with 10 cinemas as at 2016, it's the largest cinema chain in West Africa in terms of location numbers. It has forty four screens in Lagos, Ibadan , Lekki the place they have the primary IMAX theatre in West Africa, Calabar , Akure , Port Harcourt, Kano and Asaba as at December 2016. Shay Mitchell (born Shannon Ashley Mitchell; April 10, 1987) is a Canadian actress, model, entrepreneur and creator. She rose to prominence starring as Emily Fields in the Freeform sequence Pretty Little Liars (2010) (2010-2017). See the record of 2020 Oscar Winners together with best image, best actor, best actress and extra. Watch trailers, view photographs and detailed information about the 92nd Academy Awards winners. 6 days ago. The Academy Award for Greatest Supporting Actress is an award introduced yearly by the Academy of Movement Image Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It's given in honor of an actress who has delivered an excellent efficiency in a supporting position whereas working throughout the movie trade.
– The younger Mr. Schuller assumed leadership in a really difficult time – declining revenue, loss of tv stations and audience, declining membership and attendance, and economic difficulties. None of those problems occurred underneath his management. Over the years, Cicely Tyson has earned a repute as one of the most regal actresses within the leisure trade. In the course of the Nineteen Sixties, Tyson made a reputation for herself on television and in addition scored various film roles as effectively, beginning with 1966's A Man Referred to as Adam. Appearing in two extra films that decade, her most notable function came as Portia in the film adaptation of Carson McCullers' novel, The Heart is a Lonely Hunter. Sophia Loren obtained an Academy Award for Finest Actress for her efficiency in Two Ladies and a Finest Actress nomination for Marriage Italian-Model. The Academy of Movement Picture Arts and Sciences has given Academy Awards to actors and actresses for non-English performances in films, with the first award given in 1961. If you happen to had been someone that went to the movies a pair occasions a month before all this insanity, then possibly now it is more like one thing you'll do a pair occasions a year. It is a particular night time out, and so you get dressed as much as exit along with find more info your vital different or your pals. Honestly, tickets will probably grow to be even more expensive in this case, however that's all of the extra cause to get the most out of your evening. Going to the movies becomes an experience not unlike going to dwell theater. It's a truly special day, with the price tag to match. Louise Beavers had a steady and active career within the 1930s and Forties taking part in domestics on display. By the Fifties, she was a widely known and nicely-respected presence in Hollywood. In 1950, she appeared because the mom of Jackie Robinson in The Jackie Robinson Story alongside Jackie Robinson and Ruby Dee. For her narration of a short story within the audiobook Listen to the Storyteller (1999), Winslet won a Grammy Award She carried out the tune " What If " for the soundtrack of her movie Christmas Carol: The Movie (2001). A co-founding father of the charity Golden Hat Basis , which aims to create autism consciousness , she has written a ebook on the subject, The Golden Hat: Talking Again to Autism (2010). Time magazine named her one of many 100 most influential people on the planet in 2009, and in 2012, she was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). Divorced from the film directors Jim Threapleton and Sam Mendes , Winslet has been married to the businessman Edward Abel Smith since 2012. She has a child from each marriage.
Posted in Entertainment NewsTagged #2010watch #channels #games #online #streaming #television #video
ASNF
The Wife (2017 Movie)
Wed Jun 3 , 2020
Advances made in expertise over the years has established distance learning. Some analysts declare Infra-crimson search and track programs (IRSTs) can be deployed in opposition to stealth plane, as a result of any aircraft surface heats up on account of air friction and with a two channel IRST is a […]
33 Celebrities With Really, Really Big Boobs How Big Are We Talking?
No Wonder Largest Loser Membership Is Such A Hit!
Evolution Of Electronic Music Media
Resources For Wheelchair Exercisers
Search For Desktop Assist
twenty third Hollywood Movie Awards Wikipedia
dj figurinha full bass


I have a youtube channel with over 900 Videos!
This tutorial shows you how to quickly and easily make diorama water effects including a waterfall with Elmers Clear Glues and Gels.
I also show you the whole process of making this tutorial including tips on how to carve it, and how to handle the water.
I have a video for this tutorial at the bottom of the page.
First it is a tutorial showing you how to easily make diorama water with Elmers clear glues and gels. But it is also an interesting little diorama. The scene depicts the skeleton of Ponce de Leon at the fountain of youth. And the fountain itself flows upside-down. Just as the fountain reverses aging it also flows in reverse. More about this in the tutorial and in the video.
I use a lot of standard materials from woodland scenics and I use XPS foam that i carve. But you can use any number of materials to make your diorama. You are only limited by your imagination and creativity.
This tutorial is all about the terrific Elmer's Gel Glue. It is cheap, easy, non-toxic and makes great diorama water.
One of the unusual things about this diorama is the upside-down fountain. Seeing as the fountain of youth reverses time I thought it would be fun for the fountain itself to also reverse gravity. So it bubbles backwards and up to the surface where it flows into a river and then down as a waterfall.
One important thing to note!! When using any kind of a liquid or gel to make water effects you need to create a border to contain it while it solidifies! Otherwise it will leak out. In the picture above you see I have made a border all the way around the diorama. I used 3/8 inch wooden pieces. Shown by the arrows. And you should consider that some of the materials in the diorama should be water proof or water resistant.
I cut a piece of quarter inch thick wood for the base then I added the wooden pieces all the way around it to contain the water. And you can see that I also drew out my diorama right on the base. This is helpful when building it. To seal the wooden border pieces I used hot glue to adhere them down and then added more hot glue to get a good seal.
Now for all the various terrain. I used a hot wire foam cutter to cut pieces of XPS Foam. XPS stands for Extruded Polystyrene foam. You can buy it at home improvement stores. Or you can use any number of materials including styrofoam or paper mache.
I cut a variety of foam pieces and glued them in place to foam the basic landscape of the diorama.
Would you consider a donation of $1 to support my work? Paypal makes it very easy and safe. Click here to donate $1 - Every little bit helps Will to keep making great tutorials and projects. Thanks!


text:
Clinton urges Supreme Court to overturn DOMA
(CNN) – Former President Bill Clinton, who signed the Defense of Marriage Act into law in 1996, is now calling on the Supreme Court to rule the same law unconstitutional.
The law, which defines marriage as a legal union between a man and a woman, denies federal benefits to same-sex couples in the nine states where same-sex couples can now legally wed.
"On March 27, DOMA will come before the Supreme Court and the justices must decide whether it is consistent with the principles of a nation that honors freedom, equality and justice above all, and is therefore constitutional," Clinton wrote in an op-ed published online Thursday night by The Washington Post.
He continued: "As the president who signed the act into law, I have come to believe that DOMA is contrary to those principles and, in fact, incompatible with our Constitution."
When it first became law, Clinton wrote "it was a very different time." He added that many supporters of the bill believed its passage would "defuse a movement to enact a constitutional amendment banning gay marriage, which would have ended the debate for a generation or more."
Under those circumstances, he wrote, the bill came to his desk, opposed by 81 out of 535 members of Congress.
Fast forward to 2013, and the climate is much different. Nine states (plus the District of Columbia) have passed laws allowing same-sex marriage and public opinion polls shows a majority of Americans think it should be legal. According to a CBS News poll conducted last month, 54% of Americans think same-sex couples should have the right to legally wed, while 39% oppose same-sex marriage.
Looking back, Clinton said he had hoped DOMA would not provide an excuse for discrimination. "I know now that, even worse than providing an excuse for discrimination, the law is itself discriminatory," he wrote. "It should be overturned."
Same-sex couples who are legally married in the United States are still denied "more than a thousand federal statutes and programs available to other married couples" because of the law, he wrote.
While he previously opposed same-sex marriage, Clinton went public in 2009 with a change of heart.
"I was against the constitutional amendment to ban gay marriage nationwide, and I still think that the American people should be able to play this out in debates," Clinton told CNN's Anderson Cooper in September 2009. "But me, Bill Clinton personally, I changed my position."
"I am no longer opposed to that," he added. "I think if people want to make commitments that last a lifetime, they ought to be able to do it."
In his op-ed, Clinton wrote that "while our laws may at times lag behind our best natures, in the end they catch up to our core values."
"I join with the Obama administration, the petitioner Edith Windsor and the many other dedicated men and women who have engaged in this struggle for decades in urging the Supreme Court to overturn the Defense of Marriage Act," he wrote.
Filed Under: Security


text:
Britain's Loneliest Dog Bags Role in Michael Bay's Transformers
The dogs at shelters always hope for a family and a new home. It's really hard to be overlooked by visitors. You can imagine that this poor dog has been being rejected by more than 18,000 potential owners in just six years. Freya has been known as Britain's loneliest dog. After arriving at Freshfields Animal Rescue in Liverpool as a six-month-old stray. The staff is confused as to why she is constantly rejected by visitors.
When Michael Bay announced the newest cast member in his upcoming Transformers installment, Freya made it to the list. Bay hopes that by giving Freya a little blockbuster action movie spotlight, he'll help her find a real home. And if not, he says he'll adopt her, io9 reports.
Micheal Bay is a famous filmmaker who is best known for Hollywood blockbusters Transformers, Armageddon, and Pearl Harbor.
Found this in the news last week in the UK. We gave the Loneliest Dog, a role in Transformers. (1/3) pic.twitter.com/u4NIBRmvPH
— Michael Bay (@michaelbay) June 2, 2016
Freya is a six-year-old Staffordshire bull terrier mutt who suffers from epilepsy. Bay tweeted that he got the idea to put her in Transformers: The Last Knight after reading about her in the news. It's not clear yet what role she'll play in the movie, or if she'll have to travel from the UK to film it.
This is certainly a dramatic way to find a home for a shelter dog, but it's hard to see a downside to it.
Bay said that he has vowed to find Freya a home. But, it seems that he fell in love with her and finally decided that he will adopt the pup himself!
Freya has so much potential and can be a very good companion, having the chance to be at home for the first time in her life.
Indian National Kennel Club Indian National Kennel Club promotes the popularity of dogs, along with guidance for proper breeding, rearing, and training. We publish articles which educates our readers about the latest news in the dog world.
Vaccination in Dogs March, 2017
Tattoo Artist Covers His Dog's Face With Tattoos July, 2017
Rakesh Shukla – The Messiah of 735 Abandoned Dogs June, 2017
A FAITHFUL dog has refused to move from his master's grave for SIX YEARS, a family claims May, 2017
Stray Dog Chases Leopard Away May, 2017
Largest Dog Show In The US – Westminster Dog Show 2017 February, 2017
Stem Cell Therapy: The New Age Cure in Veterinary Medicine April, 2016
Animal Welfare Board Has No Right to Interfere in a Kennel Club Dog Show February, 2017
Peddling Pedigree February, 2017
Crufts March, 2017
Tracey And The Cobra February, 2017
Correct German Shepherd April, 2018
Buyer and Breeder – Duties and Responsibilities February, 2017
Things Every Dog Owner Should Have May, 2017
Dog Park in Mumbai February, 2017
Kennel Name Benefits October, 2019
Championship Dog Show at Bhavan's Nature And Adventure Centre – 2020 January, 2020


text:
#include <linux/signal.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/initrd.h>
#include <linux/bootmem.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/pfn.h>

#include <asm/segment.h>
#include <asm/mach-types.h>
#include <asm/dma.h>
#include <asm/hardware.h>
#include <asm/setup.h>
#include <asm/tlb.h>

#include <asm/map.h>

#define TABLE_SIZE	PTRS_PER_PTE * sizeof(pte_t))

struct mmu_gather mmu_gathers[NR_CPUS];

extern pgd_t swapper_pg_dir[PTRS_PER_PGD];
extern char _stext, _text, _etext, _end, __init_begin, __init_end;
#ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
extern char _endtext, _sdata;
#endif
extern unsigned long phys_initrd_start;
extern unsigned long phys_initrd_size;

/*
 * The sole use of this is to pass memory configuration
 * data from paging_init to mem_init.
 */
static struct meminfo meminfo __initdata = { 0, };

/*
 * empty_zero_page is a special page that is used for
 * zero-initialized data and COW.
 */
struct page *empty_zero_page;

void show_mem(void)
{
	int free = 0, total = 0, reserved = 0;
	int shared = 0, cached = 0, slab = 0;
	struct page *page, *end;

	printk("Mem-info:\n");
	show_free_areas();
	printk("Free swap:       %6ldkB\n", nr_swap_pages<<(PAGE_SHIFT-10));

	page = NODE_MEM_MAP(0);
	end  = page + NODE_DATA(0)->node_spanned_pages;

	do {
		total++;
		if (PageReserved(page))
			reserved++;
		else if (PageSwapCache(page))
			cached++;
		else if (PageSlab(page))
			slab++;
		else if (!page_count(page))
			free++;
		else
			shared += page_count(page) - 1;
		page++;
	} while (page < end);

	printk("%d pages of RAM\n", total);
	printk("%d free pages\n", free);
	printk("%d reserved pages\n", reserved);
	printk("%d slab pages\n", slab);
	printk("%d pages shared\n", shared);
	printk("%d pages swap cached\n", cached);
}

struct node_info {
	unsigned int start;
	unsigned int end;
	int bootmap_pages;
};

/*
 * FIXME: We really want to avoid allocating the bootmap bitmap
 * over the top of the initrd.  Hopefully, this is located towards
 * the start of a bank, so if we allocate the bootmap bitmap at
 * the end, we won't clash.
 */
static unsigned int __init
find_bootmap_pfn(struct meminfo *mi, unsigned int bootmap_pages)
{
	unsigned int start_pfn, bootmap_pfn;
	unsigned int start, end;

	start_pfn   = PFN_UP((unsigned long)&_end);
	bootmap_pfn = 0;

	/* ARM26 machines only have one node */
	if (mi->bank->node != 0)
		BUG();

	start = PFN_UP(mi->bank->start);
	end   = PFN_DOWN(mi->bank->size + mi->bank->start);

	if (start < start_pfn)
		start = start_pfn;

	if (end <= start)
		BUG();

	if (end - start >= bootmap_pages)
		bootmap_pfn = start;
	else
		BUG();

	return bootmap_pfn;
}

/*
 * Scan the memory info structure and pull out:
 *  - the end of memory
 *  - the number of nodes
 *  - the pfn range of each node
 *  - the number of bootmem bitmap pages
 */
static void __init
find_memend_and_nodes(struct meminfo *mi, struct node_info *np)
{
	unsigned int memend_pfn = 0;

	nodes_clear(node_online_map);
	node_set_online(0);

	np->bootmap_pages = 0;

	if (mi->bank->size == 0) {
		BUG();
	}

	/*
	 * Get the start and end pfns for this bank
	 */
	np->start = PFN_UP(mi->bank->start);
	np->end   = PFN_DOWN(mi->bank->start + mi->bank->size);

	if (memend_pfn < np->end)
		memend_pfn = np->end;

	/*
	 * Calculate the number of pages we require to
	 * store the bootmem bitmaps.
	 */
	np->bootmap_pages = bootmem_bootmap_pages(np->end - np->start);

	/*
	 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory
	 * manager any more.  If we can get rid of it, we
	 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
	 */
	max_low_pfn = memend_pfn - PFN_DOWN(PHYS_OFFSET);
	max_pfn = memend_pfn - PFN_DOWN(PHYS_OFFSET);
	mi->end = memend_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;

}

/*
 * Initialise the bootmem allocator for all nodes.  This is called
 * early during the architecture specific initialisation.
 */
void __init bootmem_init(struct meminfo *mi)
{
	struct node_info node_info;
	unsigned int bootmap_pfn;
	pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(0);

	find_memend_and_nodes(mi, &node_info);

	bootmap_pfn   = find_bootmap_pfn(mi, node_info.bootmap_pages);

	/*
	 * Note that node 0 must always have some pages.
	 */
	if (node_info.end == 0)
		BUG();

	/*
	 * Initialise the bootmem allocator.
	 */
	init_bootmem_node(pgdat, bootmap_pfn, node_info.start, node_info.end);

 	/*
	 * Register all available RAM in this node with the bootmem allocator.
	 */
	free_bootmem_node(pgdat, mi->bank->start, mi->bank->size);

        /*
         * Register the kernel text and data with bootmem.
         * Note: with XIP we dont register .text since
         * its in ROM.
         */
#ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
        reserve_bootmem_node(pgdat, __pa(&_sdata), &_end - &_sdata);
#else
        reserve_bootmem_node(pgdat, __pa(&_stext), &_end - &_stext);
#endif

        /*
         * And don't forget to reserve the allocator bitmap,
         * which will be freed later.
         */
        reserve_bootmem_node(pgdat, bootmap_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT,
                             node_info.bootmap_pages << PAGE_SHIFT);

        /*
         * These should likewise go elsewhere.  They pre-reserve
         * the screen memory region at the start of main system
         * memory. FIXME - screen RAM is not 512K!
         */
        reserve_bootmem_node(pgdat, 0x02000000, 0x00080000);

#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
        initrd_start = phys_initrd_start;
        initrd_end = initrd_start + phys_initrd_size;

        /* Achimedes machines only have one node, so initrd is in node 0 */
#ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
	/* Only reserve initrd space if it is in RAM */
        if(initrd_start && initrd_start < 0x03000000){
#else
        if(initrd_start){
#endif
                reserve_bootmem_node(pgdat, __pa(initrd_start),
                                             initrd_end - initrd_start);
	}
#endif   /* CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD */

}

/*
 * paging_init() sets up the page tables, initialises the zone memory
 * maps, and sets up the zero page, bad page and bad page tables.
 */
void __init paging_init(struct meminfo *mi)
{
	void *zero_page;
	unsigned long zone_size[MAX_NR_ZONES];
        unsigned long zhole_size[MAX_NR_ZONES];
        struct bootmem_data *bdata;
        pg_data_t *pgdat;
	int i;

	memcpy(&meminfo, mi, sizeof(meminfo));

	/*
	 * allocate the zero page.  Note that we count on this going ok.
	 */
	zero_page = alloc_bootmem_low_pages(PAGE_SIZE);

	/*
	 * initialise the page tables.
	 */
	memtable_init(mi);
	flush_tlb_all();

	/*
	 * initialise the zones in node 0 (archimedes have only 1 node)
	 */

	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
		zone_size[i]  = 0;
		zhole_size[i] = 0;
	}

	pgdat = NODE_DATA(0);
	bdata = pgdat->bdata;
	zone_size[0] = bdata->node_low_pfn -
			(bdata->node_boot_start >> PAGE_SHIFT);
	if (!zone_size[0])
		BUG();
	pgdat->node_mem_map = NULL;
	free_area_init_node(0, pgdat, zone_size,
			bdata->node_boot_start >> PAGE_SHIFT, zhole_size);

	/*
	 * finish off the bad pages once
	 * the mem_map is initialised
	 */
	memzero(zero_page, PAGE_SIZE);
	empty_zero_page = virt_to_page(zero_page);
}

static inline void free_area(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, char *s)
{
	unsigned int size = (end - addr) >> 10;

	for (; addr < end; addr += PAGE_SIZE) {
		struct page *page = virt_to_page(addr);
		ClearPageReserved(page);
		init_page_count(page);
		free_page(addr);
		totalram_pages++;
	}

	if (size && s)
		printk(KERN_INFO "Freeing %s memory: %dK\n", s, size);
}

/*
 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
 * memory is free.  This is done after various parts of the system have
 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
 */
void __init mem_init(void)
{
	unsigned int codepages, datapages, initpages;
	pg_data_t *pgdat = NODE_DATA(0);
	extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory;

	/* Note: data pages includes BSS */
#ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
	codepages = &_endtext - &_text;
	datapages = &_end - &_sdata;
#else
	codepages = &_etext - &_text;
	datapages = &_end - &_etext;
#endif
	initpages = &__init_end - &__init_begin;

	high_memory = (void *)__va(meminfo.end);
	max_mapnr   = virt_to_page(high_memory) - mem_map;

	/* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
	if (pgdat->node_spanned_pages != 0)
		totalram_pages += free_all_bootmem_node(pgdat);

	num_physpages = meminfo.bank[0].size >> PAGE_SHIFT;

	printk(KERN_INFO "Memory: %luMB total\n", num_physpages >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT));
	printk(KERN_NOTICE "Memory: %luKB available (%dK code, "
		"%dK data, %dK init)\n",
		(unsigned long) nr_free_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT-10),
		codepages >> 10, datapages >> 10, initpages >> 10);

	/*
	 * Turn on overcommit on tiny machines
	 */
	if (PAGE_SIZE >= 16384 && num_physpages <= 128) {
		sysctl_overcommit_memory = OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS;
		printk("Turning on overcommit\n");
	}
}

void free_initmem(void){
#ifndef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
	free_area((unsigned long)(&__init_begin),
		  (unsigned long)(&__init_end),
		  "init");
#endif
}

#ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD

static int keep_initrd;

void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
	/* Only bin initrd if it is in RAM... */
	if(!keep_initrd && start < 0x03000000)
#else
	if (!keep_initrd)
#endif
		free_area(start, end, "initrd");
}

static int __init keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused)
{
	keep_initrd = 1;
	return 1;
}

__setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup);
#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Our Acrobat spins his umbrella while spinning on his heels. The Acrobat with Umbrella is a classic wind up all tin toy. Our spinner features a colorful uniform and four blade umbrella. Wind up his chest and he does his unique trick. This toy is a reproduction of a 1900's Paya Spanish original.


UK Vending Ltd is a leading Company in the supply of Coffee, Vending Machines and Water Coolers. The Company's mission is to provide refreshment services to every workplace in the South East, and in doing this, to meet and exceed our customer expectations.
UK Vending Ltd is a Quality Company We are totally committed to quality and have always put the customer first in all that we do.
Quality means providing excellence for all customers with products and services which fully satisfy their requirements.
We recognise the importance to its future of adopting a strategy, which bases the development of its business on the pursuit of quality throughout the organisation.
This commitment to quality is based on the principle that the effective and consistent implementation of operational systems, which reflect both customer, and business requirements, will result in the continuous satisfaction of customer needs.
It is the policy of the Company to achieve this through the continual improvement of the Company's activities by the planning, setting and implementation of specified and measurable quality objectives by the Management Team and the regular review of the effectiveness of the management system via the Management Review process.
This commitment is based on the implementation of a management system, which reflects the business requirements of the Company. This management system is defined in a documented management manual that provides clear standards and guidelines in all the appropriate areas of the Company's activities.
We endeavour to continually improve the quality of its products and services. This is achieved through regularly reviewing process performance against all customer expectations and through the full involvement of both employees and partners.
Displaying a real commitment to quality, led by the directors of the company. The day to day operation of the Quality System is the responsibility of all staff, and they are in turn responsible for the quality of their own work. Customer the centre of our actions Understanding the needs of our customers and working to fulfil them. Measuring and constantly working to improve customer satisfaction. Working fairly with customers, suppliers, business partners and staff. Developing our staff to make the best use of their abilities with permanent learning of skills and knowledge. Setting and supporting quality objectives which will stretch and challenge our staff. Continuously working to improve everything we do. Deliver the service in as cost effective a manner as possible, by adopting the best management practices. Provide a safe working environment for our staff through compliance with relevant legislation and guidelines; and a pro-active safety training programme to maintain an effective Service-wide safety awareness. Develop a positive and satisfying employment culture for our management and staff, incorporating all aspects of equal opportunities. Hygiene: It is obligatory for each employee to learn and keep the instructions regarding hygiene.


text:
"""dorokhin URL Configuration

"""

import debug_toolbar
from django.urls import path
from django.urls import include
from django.conf import settings
from django.contrib import admin
from landing.views import HomePageView
from django.conf.urls.static import static
from django.contrib.flatpages import views
from django.contrib.auth.views import logout
from django.conf.urls.i18n import i18n_patterns
from broken_url.views import Error404CustomView
from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page
from .admin_login_form import AdminAuthenticationForm
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _

handler404 = Error404CustomView.as_view()
app_name = "dorokhin"

urlpatterns = i18n_patterns(
    path('i18n/', include('django.conf.urls.i18n')),
    path('__debug__/', include(debug_toolbar.urls)),
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('user/', include('extended_profile.urls')),
    path('tinyurl/', include('urlshortener.urls')),
    path('blog/', include('blog.urls')),
    path('imageboard/', include('imageboard.urls')),
    path('realtydb/', include('realtydb.urls')),
    path('phone/', include('phone.urls')),
    path('logout/', logout, {'next_page': '/blog'}, name="logout"),
    path('api/v1/', include('api.urls')),
    path('projects/', views.flatpage, {'url': '/projects/'}, name='projects'),
    path('cv/', views.flatpage, {'url': '/cv/'}, name='cv'),
    path('error-dashboard/', include('broken_url.urls')),
    path('pages/', include('django.contrib.flatpages.urls')),
    path('', cache_page(60*60)(HomePageView.as_view()), name='home'),
    prefix_default_language=False

) + static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)

admin.site.site_header = _("Dorokhin.Moscow Admin")
admin.site.login_template = 'registration/login.html'
admin.site.login_form = AdminAuthenticationForm


VERMILION — City officials are laying the groundwork to bring more development to the historic downtown district.
For years, "there was some sentiment" among some City Council members and the public to pave over an empty lot at the southeast corner of Liberty Avenue and Grand Street, Mayor Jim Forthofer said.
But last week at a meeting of Council's Streets, Buildings and Grounds Committee, Forthofer proposed an alternative: re-surveying the lot and securing for the city a permanent easement to build an alleyway to connect it to a municipal parking lot to the south.
Called the "Fulper lot" after a previous owner, it was the site of a gas station under several different owners over decades. The station was vacated and razed a few years ago, and the city acquired it in 2016. In 2017, the site was cleared by the Environmental Protection Agency and was appraised in April for $133,000, Forthofer said.
The parcel is actually two lots. Forthofer's proposal to have it re-surveyed would join the two lots to sell it as one piece to a developer, while securing an approximately 15- to 20-foot-wide alleyway that would connect Liberty Avenue adjacent to the old movie theater, currently the site of The Artseen, a small gallery, to the municipal lot that runs north of the railroad tracks between Main and Grand streets.
The Fulper lot is often used as overflow parking during summer or occasional events, such as the annual Woollybear festival. While residents have complained of a lack of parking downtown in the past, Forthofer said there are 346 parking spaces in downtown, including 54 in the municipal parking lot that runs behind several buildings that face Liberty Avenue.
The municipal lot — also known as the Grand Division parking lot — previously was privately owned and users had to pay a toll. The city purchased it during previous Mayor Eileen Bulan's administration. Some committee members, though, said many visitors aren't aware of it.
To that end, Forthofer said the city plans to redo the landscaping at both entrances to the lot and upgrade signs to indicate its availability.
Marilou Suszko, executive director of Main Street Vermilion, said maintaining the city's walkability is vital.
"Parking lots are not attractive to small towns. Ours is a lake and a preserved historic downtown, that is what we prefer to have. But a parking lot itself is not an attraction," she said.


text:
As many as one in 4 people treated in an ICU go on to develop PTSD as a result of their admission. During the COVID-19 epidemic the number of people affected in this way has grown dramatically in line with increased ICU admissions caused by the pandemic.
Responding to this situation Oxford researchers supported by the Wellcome Trust and the NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) have published new guidance on how to apply Cognitive Therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD), a NICE recommended psychological treatment. Alongside this they have developed a suite of free resources for clinicians providing PTSD therapy, including COVID-19 specific materials for delivering therapy remotely.
Experimental Psychology's Dr Hannah Murray, one of the research team behind this work, explains how patients leaving ICU can be affected:
Post-ICU PTSD has distinctive features. It can include traumatic memories occurring following delirium experiences, which can include acute confusion, delusions and terrifying hallucinations.
Cognitive therapy for PTSD is a first-line treatment with a strong evidence-base for effectiveness. When treating post-ICU patients, it is important to address the specific characteristics of post-ICU PTSD and to help patients with ongoing physical health needs, as well as psychological problems.
Dr Murray adds that psychological therapy services are likely to see increasing numbers of clients who have been affected by post-ICU PTSD, but, she explains, "until now, there has been little published clinical guidance to inform effective psychological therapy with this population".
Created using clinical case examples the new guidance will bring direct benefit to patients. It will help clinicians to better understand how ICU experiences lead to PTSD and to better recognise PTSD in ICU patients. Coupled with the team's free clinical resources the new guidance will help make the application of cognitive therapy for PTSD more widely available to patients who need it.
The paper, Cognitive Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder following Critical Illness and Intensive Care Unit Admission published in the Cognitive Behaviour Therapist is available here https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X2000015X.
The research team are from the Oxford Centre for Anxiety Disorders and Trauma (OxCADAT) which aims to improve the understanding and treatment of anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress. The Centre is based in the University of Oxford Department of Experimental Psychology.
The OxCADAT resources website, including a recently added section on COVID-related topics such as remote delivery of treatment, can be found here https://oxcadatresources.com. All the resources are free, although clinicians need to register on the site to access some of the therapy training materials.
Cognitive Therapy for PTSD was developed by Professors Anke Ehlers and David M. Clark of the Oxford Centre for Anxiety Disorders and Trauma.
Cognitive therapy for PTSD (CT-PTSD) is a first line treatment for PTSD recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.
The underlying research was funded by the Wellcome Trust and supported by the NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre.
Awards and Honours Strategic Developments
It is a great pleasure to announce that a number of Neuroscience researchers have been successful in the recent assessment process for the conferment of the title of full Professor.
Oxford University and its colleges have announced a major new scholarship scheme for black graduate students as part of a programme to transform its graduate population by creating more funding opportunities for under-represented groups.
Professor Zoltán Molnár has been awarded an Einstein Visiting Fellowship to Charité - University Medicine, Berlin. This award sees him join the dynamic Oxford | Berlin collaboration, a strategic research partnership that supports high quality joint research initiatives across all disciplines of its member institutions, of which Neuroscience is a major focus.
New Oxford Brain Health Centre (BHC) open. Developed with the involvement of members of the public with lived experience of memory problems, the centre is a combined clinical and research service which has the potential to revolutionise NHS memory services.
The British Neuroscience Association is delighted to congratulate Irene Tracey as the new President-Elect for the Federation of European Neuroscience Societies
NDCN has been awarded a renewal of its Athena SWAN Silver Award. This award is a strong endorsement of NDCN's work to improve gender equality and build a positive research culture.


text:
#region Copyright & License

// Copyright © 2012 - 2017 François Chabot, Yves Dierick
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

#endregion

using Be.Stateless.BizTalk.Component;
using Be.Stateless.BizTalk.ContextProperties;
using Be.Stateless.BizTalk.Dsl.Binding;
using Be.Stateless.BizTalk.Dsl.Binding.Adapter;
using Be.Stateless.BizTalk.Dsl.Binding.Convention;
using Be.Stateless.BizTalk.Dsl.Binding.Convention.Simple;
using Be.Stateless.BizTalk.EnvironmentSettings;
using Be.Stateless.BizTalk.MicroComponent;
using Be.Stateless.BizTalk.MicroPipelines;
using Be.Stateless.BizTalk.XPath;

namespace Be.Stateless.BizTalk
{
	public class UnitTestBatchAddPartReceiveLocation : ReceiveLocation<NamingConvention>
	{
		public UnitTestBatchAddPartReceiveLocation()
		{
			Name = ReceiveLocationName.About("Batch.AddPart").FormattedAs.Xml;
			Enabled = true;
			ReceivePipeline = new ReceivePipeline<XmlReceive>(
				pipeline => {
					pipeline.Validator<MicroPipelineComponent>(
						pc => {
							pc.Components = new IMicroPipelineComponent[] {
								new ContextPropertyExtractor {
									Extractors = new[] {
										new XPathExtractor(BizTalkFactoryProperties.EnvelopeSpecName, "/*[local-name()='Any']/*[local-name()='EnvelopeSpecName']", ExtractionMode.Promote),
										new XPathExtractor(BizTalkFactoryProperties.EnvelopePartition, "/*[local-name()='Any']/*[local-name()='EnvelopePartition']"),
										new XPathExtractor(TrackingProperties.Value1, "/*[local-name()='Any']/*[local-name()='EnvelopeSpecName']"),
										new XPathExtractor(TrackingProperties.Value2, "/*[local-name()='Any']/*[local-name()='EnvironmentTag']"),
										new XPathExtractor(TrackingProperties.Value3, "/*[local-name()='Any']/*[local-name()='EnvelopePartition']")
									}
								},
								new ActivityTracker()
							};
						});
				});
			Transport.Adapter = new FileAdapter.Inbound(
				a => {
					a.FileMask = "*.xml.part";
					a.ReceiveFolder = @"C:\Files\Drops\BizTalk.Factory\In";
				});
			Transport.Host = CommonSettings.ReceiveHost;
		}
	}
}


Max Boot, at Commentary, notes that David Petraeus's acceptance of a plea bargain "has been met both with unseemly Schadenfreude by some who delight in seeing an America hero revealed to have flaws as well as criticism from others who believe that he got off too lightly."
Patraeus pled guilty to "unauthorized sharing of classified information" and was fined $40,000 and placed on two years' probation Boot notes "others have faced stiffer sentences for revealing classified information" but it is also true that "other leaks have not been punished at all." Indeed, leaks of classified information to journalists or authors "are a routine occurrence in Washington." In addition, "few senior officials are ever prosecuted for mishandling classified information." More interestingly, Boot argues "there is little logic to the way that secrecy laws are enforced" and "almost anyone in a position of authority can be prosecuted if prosecutors are so inclined."
A breach of security far more egregious than Petraesus's was committed by one of his predecessors as CIA director, John Deutch, who routinely kept classified material on unclassified computers. A CIA investigation subsequently revealed, that all of these computers "were connected to or contained modems that allowed external connectivity to computer networks such as the Internet. Such computers are vulnerable to attacks by unauthorized persons. CIA personnel retrieved [classified] information from Deutch's unclassified computers and magnetic media related to covert action, Top Secret communications intelligence and the National Reconnaissance Program budget." And yet what penalty did Deutch suffer? The Justice Department under Janet Reno declined to prosecute him, and President Clinton issued him a pardon to make sure not that no future prosecutor could ever come after him. By comparison with what Clinton or Deutch did, Petraeus's offense is pretty minor.
They have pursued [Patraeus] for a charge of which virtually every senior officer in the US military has been guilty. EVERY senior officer has such notebooks (we are a notetaking military, as you know) and EVERY senior officer carries those notebooks around with them. And ALMOST EVERY senior officer I have encountered keeps them after retirement.
In sum, Boot says the offense which Petraeus has pleaded guilty "is a minor one" that was "discovered in the course of a fishing expedition" by the FBI. There is "no evidence" of any harm to national security. Boot asks, "If Deutch could get a presidential pardon, why not Petraeus, who has dedicated most of his life to serving and defending our country?" See full editorial here.