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by Mark Miller Aug 8, 2018
The FBI has selected Glock Gen 5 handguns in 9mm as their service weapon. There has been much speculation about the reasons for their caliber change. There is a short answer, science. The did the research and they did the math.
Spoiler Alert: "While some law enforcement agencies have transitioned to larger calibers from the 9mm in recent years, they do so at the expense of reduced magazine capacity, more felt recoil, and given adequate projectile selection, no discernible increase in terminal performance."
The FBI is a highly trained and technical organization. They have a leadership role in American law enforcement which they take very seriously. When they decided change was needed, they shared their research and reasoning with the law enforcement, and by extension, to us.
As the word of the FBI's solicitation for 9mm handguns became public, they were hit with a flood of questions from state and local agencies, many who carry .40 S&W, about the change. The statement below was prepared the FBI Training Division to answer those questions and was intended for dissemination to law enforcement agencies. It was not classified Law Enforcement Sensitive and has spread to civilians. I have confirmed its origin and feel that its release poses no threat to law enforcement while providing enlightening science, paid for by taxpayer dollars, to the public.
After the Miami Shootout in 1986, the FBI invented modern ammunition testing and led the law-enforcement movement to .40 caliber. The FBI is very conservative, and has one of the best ballistics labs in the world. With the amazing 21st-century advances in ammunition technology, many people have advocated a move back to 9mm.
I respect the science and how hard it was for them to make this change. Below is their carefully crafted message, sent to other law enforcement agencies, explaining their reasons.
FBI 9MM Justification
FBI Training Division: FBI Academy, Quantico, VA
Executive Summary of Justification for Law Enforcement Partners
· Caliber debates have existed in law enforcement for decades
· Most of what is "common knowledge" with ammunition and its effects on the human target are rooted in myth and folklore
· Projectiles are what ultimately wound our adversaries and the projectile needs to be the basis for the discussion on what "caliber" is best
· In all the major law enforcement calibers there exist projectiles which have a high likelihood of failing LEO's in a shooting incident and there are projectiles which have a high incident likelihood of succeeding for LEOs in a shooting incident
· Handgun stopping power is simply a myth
· The single most important factor in effectively wounding a human target is to have penetration to a scientifically valid depth (FBI uses 12" – 18")
· LEOs miss between 70 – 80 percent of the shots fired during a shooting incident
Read Next: .40 S&W Cartridge: Ideal Cartridge for Personal Defense?
· Contemporary projectiles (since 2007) have dramatically increased the terminal effectiveness of many premium line law enforcement projectiles (emphasis on the 9mm Luger offerings)
· 9mm Luger now offers select projectiles which are, under identical testing conditions, I outperforming most of the premium line .40 S&W and .45 Auto projectiles tested by the FBI
· 9mm Luger offers higher magazine capacities, less recoil, lower cost (both in ammunition and wear on the weapons) and higher functional reliability rates (in FBI weapons)
· The majority of FBI shooters are both FASTER in shot strings fired and more ACCURATE with shooting a 9mm Luger vs shooting a .40 S&W (similar sized weapons)
· There is little to no noticeable difference in the wound tracks between premium line law Auto enforcement projectiles from 9mm Luger through the .45 Auto
· Given contemporary bullet construction, LEO's can field (with proper bullet selection) 9mm Lugers with all of the terminal performance potential of any other law enforcement pistol caliber with none of the disadvantages present with the "larger" calibers
Justification for Law Enforcement Partners
Rarely in law enforcement does a topic stir a more passionate debate than the choice of handgun caliber made by a law enforcement organization. Many voice their opinions by repeating the old adage "bigger is better" while others have "heard of this one time" where a smaller caliber failed and a larger caliber "would have performed much better." Some even subscribe to the belief that a caliber exists which will provide a "one shot stop." It has been stated, "Decisions on ammunition selection are particularly difficult because many of the pertinent issues related to handguns and ammunition are firmly rooted in myth and folklore." This still holds as true today as it did when originally stated 20 years ago.
Caliber, when considered alone, brings about a unique set of factors to consider such as magazine capacity for a given weapon size, ammunition availability, felt recoil, weight and cost. What is rarely discussed, but most relevant to the caliber debate is what projectile is being considered for use and its terminal performance potential.
One should never debate on a gun make or caliber alone. The projectile is what wounds and ultimately this is where the debate/discussion should focus. In each of the three most common law enforcement handgun calibers (9mm Luger, .40 Smith & Wesson and .45 AUTO) there are projectiles which have a high likelihood of failing law enforcement officers and in each of these three calibers there are projectiles which have a high likelihood of succeeding for law enforcement officers during a shooting incident. The choice of a service projectile must undergo intense scrutiny and scientific evaluation in order to select the best available option.
Understanding Handgun Caliber Terminal Ballistic Realities
Many so called "studies" have been performed and many analyses of statistical data have been undertaken regarding this issue. Studies simply involving shooting deaths are irrelevant since the goal of law enforcement is to stop a threat during a deadly force encounter as quickly as possible. Whether or not death occurs is of no consequence as long as the threat of death or serious injury to law enforcement personnel and innocent third parties is eliminated.
"The concept of immediate incapacitation is the only goal of any law enforcement shooting and is the underlying rationale for decisions regarding weapons, ammunition, calibers and training."1
Studies of "stopping power" are irrelevant because no one has ever been able to define how much power, force, or kinetic energy, in and of itself, is required to effectively stop a violent and determined adversary quickly, and even the largest of handgun calibers are not capable of delivering such force. Handgun stopping power is simply a myth. Studies of so?called "one shot stops" being used as a tool to define the effectiveness of one handgun cartridge, as opposed to another, are irrelevant due to the inability to account for psychological influences and due to the lack of reporting specific shot placement.
In short, extensive studies have been done over the years to "prove" a certain cartridge is better than another by using grossly flawed methodology and or bias as a precursor to manipulating statistics. In order to have a meaningful understanding of handgun terminal ballistics, one must only deal with facts that are not in dispute within the medical community, i.e. medical realities, and those which are also generally accepted within law enforcement, i.e. tactical realities.
Medical Realities
Shots to the Central Nervous System (CNS) at the level of the cervical spine (neck) or above, are the only means to reliably cause immediate incapacitation. In this case, any of the calibers commonly used in law enforcement, regardless of expansion, would suffice for obvious reasons. Other than shots to the CNS, the most reliable means for affecting rapid incapacitation is by placing shots to large vital organs thus causing rapid blood loss. Simply stated, shot placement is the most critical component to achieving either method of incapacitation.
Wounding factors between rifle and handgun projectiles differ greatly due to the dramatic differences in velocity, which will be discussed in more detail herein. The wounding factors, in order of importance, are as follows:
A. Penetration:
A projectile must penetrate deeply enough into the body to reach the large vital organs, namely heart, lungs, aorta, vena cava and to a lesser extent liver and spleen, in order to cause rapid blood loss. It has long been established by expert medical professionals, experienced in evaluating gunshot wounds, that this equates to a range of penetration of 12?18 inches, depending on the size of the individual and the angle of the bullet path (e.g., through arm, shoulder, etc.). With modern properly designed, expanding handgun bullets, this objective is realized, albeit more consistently with some law enforcement projectiles than others. 1 Handgun Wounding Factors and Effectiveness: Firearms Training Unit, Ballistic Research Facility, 1989.
B. Permanent Cavity:
The extent to which a projectile expands determines the diameter of the permanent cavity which, simply put, is that tissue which is in direct contact with the projectile and is therefore destroyed. Coupled with the distance of the path of the projectile (penetration), the total permanent cavity is realized. Due to the elastic nature of most human tissue and the low velocity of handgun projectiles relative to rifle projectiles, it has long been established by medical professionals, experienced in evaluating gunshot wounds, that the damage along a wound path visible at autopsy or during surgery cannot be distinguished between the common handgun calibers used in law enforcement. That is to say an operating room surgeon or Medical Examiner cannot distinguish the difference between wounds caused by .35 to .45 caliber projectiles.
C. Temporary Cavity:
The temporary cavity is caused by tissue being stretched away from the permanent cavity. If the temporary cavity is produced rapidly enough in elastic tissues, the tensile strength of the tissue can be exceeded resulting in tearing of the tissue. This effect is seen with very high velocity projectiles such as in rifle calibers, but is not seen with handgun calibers. For the temporary cavity of most handgun projectiles to have an effect on wounding, the velocity of the projectile needs to exceed roughly 2,000 fps. At the lower velocities of handgun rounds, the temporary cavity is not produced with sufficient velocity to have any wounding effect; therefore any difference in temporary cavity noted between handgun calibers is irrelevant. "In order to cause significant injuries to a structure, a pistol bullet must strike that structure directly."2 2 DiMaio, V.J.M.: Gunshot Wounds, Elsevier Science Publishing Company, New York, NY, 1987, page 42.
D. Fragmentation:
Fragmentation can be defined as "projectile pieces or secondary fragments of bone which are impelled outward from the permanent cavity and may sever muscle tissues, blood vessels, etc., apart from the permanent cavity"3. Fragmentation does not reliably occur in soft tissue handgun wounds due to the low velocities of handgun bullets. When fragmentation does occur, fragments are usually found within one centimeter (.39") of the permanent cavity.4 Due to the fact that most modern premium law enforcement ammunition now commonly uses bonded projectiles (copper jacket bonded to lead core), the likelihood of fragmentation is very low. For these reasons, wounding effects secondary to any handgun caliber bullet fragmentation are considered inconsequential. 3 Fackler, M.L., Malinowski, J.A.: "The Wound Profile: A Visual Method for Quantifying Gunshot Wound Components", Journal of Trauma 25: 522?529, 1958. 4 Handgun Wounding Factors and Effectiveness: Firearms Training Unit, Ballistic Research Facility, 1989.
Any discussion of stopping armed adversaries with a handgun has to include the psychological state of the adversary. Psychological factors are probably the most important relative to achieving rapid incapacitation from a gunshot wound to the torso.5 First and foremost, the psychological effects of being shot can never be counted on to stop an individual from continuing conscious voluntary action. Those who do stop commonly do so because they decide to, not because they have to.
The effects of pain are often delayed due to survival patterns secondary to "fight or flight" reactions within the body, drug/alcohol influences and in the case of extreme anger or aggression, pain can simply be ignored. Those subjects who decide to stop immediately after being shot in the torso do so commonly because they know they have been shot and are afraid of injury or death, regardless of caliber, velocity, or bullet design. It should also be noted that psychological factors can be a leading cause of incapacitation failures and as such, proper shot placement, adequate penetration, and multiple shots on target cannot be over emphasized. 5 Ibid.
Tactical Realities
Shot placement is paramount and law enforcement officers on average strike an adversary with only 20 – 30 percent of the shots fired during a shooting incident. Given the reality that shot placement is paramount (and difficult to achieve given the myriad of variables present in a deadly force encounter) in obtaining effective incapacitation, the caliber used must maximize the likelihood of hitting vital organs. Typical law enforcement shootings result in only one or two solid torso hits on the adversary. This requires that any projectile which strikes the torso has as high a probability as possible of penetrating deeply enough to disrupt a vital organ.
The Ballistic Research Facility has conducted a test which compares similar sized Glock pistols in both .40 S&W and 9mm calibers, to determine if more accurate and faster hits are achievable with one versus the other. To date, the majority of the study participants have shot more quickly and more accurately with 9mm caliber Glock pistols. The 9mm provides struggling shooters the best chance of success while improving the speed and accuracy of the most skilled shooters.
While some law enforcement agencies have transitioned to larger calibers from the 9mm Luger in recent years, they do so at the expense of reduced magazine capacity, more felt recoil, and given adequate projectile selection, no discernible increase in terminal performance.
Other law enforcement organizations seem to be making the move back to 9mm Luger taking advantage of the new technologies which are being applied to 9mm Luger projectiles. These organizations are providing their armed personnel the best chance of surviving a deadly force encounter since they can expect faster and more accurate shot strings, higher magazine capacities (similar sized weapons) and all of the terminal performance which can be expected from any law enforcement caliber projectile.
Given the above realities and the fact that numerous ammunition manufacturers now make 9mm Luger service ammunition with outstanding premium line law enforcement projectiles, the move to 9mm Luger can now be viewed as a decided advantage for our armed law enforcement personnel.
About Mark Miller View All Posts
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YORK — A man whose last known address was in York Beach has been suspended from practicing law in Maine for three years since pleading no contest to a charge he kept funds that should have gone to the Maine Revenue Service.
Stephen M. Brett also pleaded guilty at the same time to failing to file his Maine tax returns for three years.
The Maine Board of Bar Overseers and Brett, representing himself, appeared before Maine Supreme Judicial Court Justice Warren Silver on July 8. According to the order signed by Silver on July 13, both the board and Brett agreed to the order stipulating his suspension.
Attempts to reach Brett were unsuccessful. He has a post office box in York Beach, but no listed phone number in York. Bar Counsel J. Scott Davis said July 20 that while Brett can appeal to the full court, he is unlikely to do so as he agreed to the sanction.
The decision marks the end of a long road for Brett. In 2007, he was acquitted in two separate criminal cases. In the first, he was charged with violating a client's bail conditions by allegedly arranging for a couple in a domestic violence case to have contact. In the second, he was charged with theft because he was allegedly demanding additional payments from a client in a court-ordered case.
Assistant Attorney General William Bagdoyon prosecuted the second case for the state and as a result began looking into Brett's financial matters.
A charge of misuse of entrusted property, the funds that should have gone to the Maine Revenue Service, arose from a legal matter in 2006. According to Silver's order, Brett was hired by Liberty Title Company to act on its behalf in a real-estate closing. He was to have sent $3,625 to the Revenue Service on the company's behalf to be held in escrow, but instead "retained the funds in his bank account."
Bagdoyon said he also discovered Brett had not filed tax returns for three years. In 2008, he pleaded guilty to the tax return charges and no contest to the misuse of entrusted funds charge, and spent 30 days in jail.
According to Silver's order, before Brett can petition for reinstatement of his license in 2013, he has to meet with the Maine Assistance Program for Lawyers and Judges, an organization formed to assist those with a host of issues including drug and alcohol problems, depression, gambling problems and more. He also must undergo a forensic evaluation from a clinical psychologist at his own expense, obtain a minimum of $750,000 in malpractice insurance, and agree to submit to monitoring of his practice by an attorney appointed by the court.


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Video: Realistic Galaxy S23 Ultra Concept Design
new realistic concept design for the Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra, which is anticipated to debut in Q1 of next year, has just surfaced. This one is from SuperRoader and Technizo Concept.
JUST APPEARED IN A VIDEO IS A NEW, REALISTIC GALAXY S23 ULTRA CONCEPT DESIGN. The prior idea design is not like this one. The Galaxy S23 Ultra concept design was previously released on this very same channel in gold and silver hues.
Consequently, why did the source alter the design at this time and produce a new video for it? Well, the most recent information from a trustworthy insider indicates that the Galaxy S23 Ultra will keep the Galaxy S22 Ultra's back camera design.
Advertisement The Galaxy S23 Ultra idea from before had a different camera layout. The designer returned with this design after deciding to alter that. Check it out in the video that is linked to the story below.
This phone does resemble the Galaxy S22 Ultra quite a little. That is not unexpected because the actual product most likely will as well. Although mainly flat, its back slopes toward the sides to balance off the front side.
ON THE BACK, FIVE CIRCULAR ISLANDS ARE INCLUDED. The majority of the five distinct circular islands on the back of the phone are set aside for the camera sensors. There's also an LED flash back there, along with the company's branding.
Advertisement The gadget has a flat top and bottom, a centered display camera hole, and a curved display (albeit less curved than its predecessor). The smartphone has a docked S Pen stylus that can be accessed from the bottom left corner.
The Type-C connector is located at the bottom, and all the physical buttons are positioned on the right side. Of course, the phone is constructed of metal and glass.
According to reports, the actual Galaxy S23 Ultra will run on the Snapdragon 8 Gen 2 SoC internationally. Although it hasn't launched yet, that chip will do so later this year. The rest of the specifications will also be top-notch, and Android 13 will already be pre-installed.
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If you love Greek food or want to prepare it yourself, then you should follow the best Greek Food Youtubers. Greek Food is considered...
On Android tablets, Google Weather is now a viable option.
For quite some time, the Google Weather app could only be found on Android phones, but it's now coming to tablets......

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


You said that you'll update in december. Any updates?
» You said that you'll update in december. Any updates?
» » You said that you'll update in december. Any updates?
Baccy isn't coming back. I think he ditched this forum. He hasn't posted in a few weeks. He is probably reading the forum every day but not making contributions.
Hangin is right. Nothing to update. Seems to be impossible to get hair on the sides of my head above the 'monk' hairline. I'll report back if anything changes or if I get any new ideas to try.
» anything changes or if I get any new ideas to try.
mmm damn, that stupid wounding thing seems to be tougher than most expected.


In 2015 it had become quite apparent that I would need hip replacement or hip resurfacing on my right hip. I had been training in karate for 44 years and lifting weights/bodybuilding for 42 years. I believed that the years of kicking and squatting with heavy weights had taken there toll. I couldn't imagine, however, not being able to perform at my karate school the way I used to. A friend of mine, a registered nurse, told me about hip resurfacing. I learned that after one year post-surgery, I could return to training as I always did. Skiing and other activities would also be no problem. I was also told how fortunate I was living in North Jersey that I could easily go to one of the best hospitals in the world - Hospital for Special Surgery in NYC. I did much research about hip-resurfacing, and the Hospital. It was then I decided to make an appointment with one of their very best - Dr. Friedrich Boettner.
Meeting Dr. Boettner at his Manhattan office was all I needed to make up my mind as to how to proceed. He was certainly impressive with his knowledge and advice. Not to mention the fact that he had a good "bedside manner" and was comfortable to talk to. So it was decided that he would perform the surgery on March 26, 2016. Today is March 24th, 2017 as I wanted to be able to fully evaluate my condition after one year.
I will today, absolutely give Dr. Boettner, his staff, and Hospital for Special Surgery, a five star rating. Don't think it's going to be easy, however, you must make a mental commitment that this surgery is going to be worth it. I'll tell you this, there was less pain than I expected lying in bed. Getting in and out of bed was quite painful, but short lived. My surgery was on a Friday and I took, I believe, Percocet, as prescribed just in case. By Sunday morning, I told the nurse that I no longer needed it.
This surgery, perhaps because the cut is made on the side, requires more time to heal, but it was still worth it. Kudos to Dr. Boettner who used glue, instead of staples, after surgery to close me up. The scar is better and you don't have that railroad track look after removing staples.
In three months I was doing my "forms" (kata) at my school and even doing a straddle stance, which is like a squat with weights. In about four months I was squatting with light weights in the gym. In six months I raised the weight with no problem. The only problem I had at the karate school was the stability of my hip while standing on one leg, which was quite understandable. Today, I am happy to report, that I am training pretty hard at the school, dramatically increased my stability, and I'm even sparring with my black belts. For you runners out there, I'm able to run, and even do wind sprints, with no pain. I was ready to take my daughter skiing this year (2017) but the weather wasn't cooperating.
If you are like me, and you enjoy an active lifestyle, I strongly suggest that you make an appointment with Dr. Boettner. He also works with most insurance companies. Good luck!


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Dykelands
Discover. Learn. Enjoy
UNESCO Journey >
Nomination Grand Pré
UNESCO Landscape of Grand Pré
Agricultural Excellence
History and Development >
Before the Arrival of the Acadians
The Acadians and the Creation of the Dykeland 1680–1755
Deportation and New Settlement 1755–1810
A Productive Dykeland and the Birth of a Symbol 1806–1907
A Century of Tourism, Agriculture, and Lieu de Mémoire 1907– present
Branding & Wayfinding
The Landscape of Grand Pré
Facing North - from the View Park towards the expanse of dykelands of the World Heritage Site. To the east and west are dykes protecting the active agricultural landscape. The Memorial Church at Grand-Pré National Historic Site can be seen in the middle distance; Long Island is to the north of the dykelands and the cliffs of Blomidon are in the far distance.
First developed by the Acadians in the 1680s, the dyked lands, fields and village on the hills were then taken over and enlarged over the years by descendants of the Planters of New England, then by immigrants, including English and Scots, in the 19th and 20th centuries, and the Dutch, after World War II.
Majestic Cape Blomidon towers over the site's 1,111 hectares (2,745 acres) of diked land. According to Mi'kmaw legends, the giant Kluscap (Glooscap) watched over his people from this promontory.
© Jamie Robertson
Grand Pré, Nova Scotia, Canada
Getting here is easy and the beautiful scenery will have your camera working overtime. If you are operating an onboard GPS, just set your course for the following:
Driving Directions to Grand Pré
Coming from Halifax, Nova Scotia (about 45 minutes):
Grand Pré is located in the Annapolis Valley, about a 45-minute drive from Halifax going west. From highway 101, take Exit 10 towards Wolfville and follow Route 1 west for one kilometre then turn right on Grand Pré Road (just past the gas station). Visitor services are available during tourist season at Grand-Pré National Historic Site of Canada located on Grand Pré Road on the left side before arriving on the marshlands.
Coming from Moncton, New Brunswick (about 3 hours):
From Moncton, head towards Route 2 E/Trans Canada Highway toward Sackville/Nova Scotia. Cross the provincial border which becomes NS Highway 104. Please note: this is a partial toll road. After about 45 minutes, take exit 15 to merge onto NS Highway 102 South toward Halifax/Truro. Take exit 4B to NS highway 101 towards Lower Sackville/Windsor. Take exit 10 to Grand Pré/Wolfville. Follow Route 1 west for one kilometre then turn right on Grand Pré Road (just past the gas station). Visitor services are available during tourist season at Grand-Pré National Historic Site of Canada located on Grand Pré Road on the left side before arriving on the marshlands.
Coming from Saint John, New Brunswick via ferry:
Take the Princess of Acadia ferry from Saint John, New Brunswick to Digby, Nova Scotia. The ferry runs daily and takes just three hours to cross the Bay of Fundy. From the Digby Ferry Terminal take Highway 101E (The Evangeline Trail) to Exit 10. Turn left. Follow Route 1 west for one kilometre then turn right on Grand Pré Road (just past the gas station). Visitor services are available during tourist season at Grand-Pré National Historic Site of Canada located on Grand Pré Road on the left side before arriving on the marshlands.
For accommodation in the Grand Pré and Wolfville areas, see:
http://www.valleytourism.ca/
http://www.novascotia.com


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Region: African countries
The United States' Political Gambling in Ethiopia
By Awad Abdulsebur Ahmad, Addis Abeba
Awad Abdulsebur Ahmad is a journalist and communication expert closely following the politics of the Horn of Africa. He has worked in Ethiopia for public, private and international humanitarian organizations for more then 20 years. Currently, he is Deputy Editor in- chief at the Ethiopian News Agency (ENA), a public owned media outlet operating across the country with its more than 36 branches and 200 correspondents.
Ethiopia, the biggest country in the Eastern part of Africa in terms of size and population has been under huge pressure by some western powers, particularly the US and the European Commission, due to the ongoing conflict in Tigray region. These powers accuse Ethiopia of atrocities committed against civilians and of hindering access to humanitarian activities to help people affected by the conflict. The government of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has been repeatedly denying these accusations.
According to statements by the officials of Ethiopian government, though the military measures are being carried out, these target only the TPLF forces that had been ruling the region for close to three decades. The government has admitted the fact that hundreds of civilians has been killed and sexually assaulted during the course of the six month long conflict. It has also been taking measures to hold accountable the perpetrators of the killings and other human right violations.
The war in Ethiopia: revenge of the Amhara, the future of GERD, and the potential migrant crisis
As reiterated by Abiy's administration, unfettered access has been also given for humanitarian aid both for local and international organizations to help citizens affected by the conflict in addition to the ongoing huge government intervention to deliver the basic provisions including food. Ethiopia even criticizes the international humanitarian community for not responding adequately to the sufferings of Ethiopians in Tigray region, as more than 70 percent of the current humanitarian support has been provided by the government despite the full access given to them to reach the people who need assistance.
However, the US government and European Union have been pressuring the Ethiopian government to negotiate with the TPLF, designated by the House of Peoples' Representatives of Ethiopia as a terrorist group recently. As part of this continued pressure, the US Secretary of State announced travel restrictions on Ethiopian officials as well as economic and security restrictions on May 23rd.
"I am announcing a visa restriction policy under Section 212(a)(3)(C) of the Immigration and Nationality Act on the issuance of visas for any current or former Ethiopian or Eritrean government officials, members of the security forces, or other individuals—to include Amhara regional and irregular forces and members of the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) – responsible for, or complicit in, undermining resolution of the crisis in Tigray," the Secretary of State Antony Blinken said in a statement. Wrongful violence or other abuses against people in the Tigray region, hindered access of humanitarian assistance to those in the region, are the issues that made the sanction necessary, the statement underlined.
The Ethiopian government immediately expressed anger through its Foreign Affairs Ministry over the sanctions imposed by the US. In a statement the ministry issued on Monday May 24, 2021, accused the US administration for meddling in its internal affairs noting that the decision will force Ethiopia to reassess its more than a century long bilateral relationship with the country.
"After the series of engagements with international partners, including the U.S., and the tangible progress made in addressing some of the prevailing challenges, the decision by the U.S. administration to impose visa restrictions and other measures is not only regrettable but will also seriously harm and undermine the constructive spirit of engagement and the significant gains achieved on the ground, not to mention the centuries-old people-to-people relationships," the statement said.
It also warned that "if such a resolve to meddle in our internal affairs and undermining the century-old bilateral ties continues unabated, the government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia will be forced to reassess its relations with the United States, which might have implications beyond our bilateral relationship."
The statement has also criticized the US government for putting the terrorist TPLF rebel on equal footings with the Ethiopian government.
"What is even more saddening is the tendency by the U.S. administration to treat the Ethiopian Government on an equal footing with the TPLF, which was designated as a terrorist organization by the House of Peoples' Representative two weeks ago. There is nothing more revealing than this to understand the misguided approach by the administration."
Rallies to protest sanctions
Large majority of Ethiopians have expressed their support for the government by denouncing the sanction announced by the US administration in demonstrations held last week across the nation. Particularly, in the capital Addis Ababa tens of thousands gathered in a Stadium demanding the US government to revisit its decision as it did not consider the reality on the ground, understand the efforts being undertaken by the government of Ethiopia to reverse the situation in Tigray as many believe it was dragged forcefully by the provocative acts orchestrated by the TPLF groups.
Participants of the rally have held slogans in their local languages as well as in English and Arabic, demanding the US to refrain from meddling in the country's internal affairs. They have also expressed support to the Chinese and Russian leaders by holding up their pictures.
The GERD: Ethiopia's pressure and Egypt's weakness
The demonstrators have voiced about the disputed Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) that Ethiopia is constructing on the Nile River, which has been facing strong opposition by Egypt and Sudan. Egypt and Sudan are demanding Ethiopia to stop filling the dam, whose construction has reached more than 80 percent, without a binding agreement among the three countries. The government in the United States shares the concerns of Egypt and Sudan and is very much interested to participate in the ongoing tripartite negation between Ethiopia, Egypt and Sudan. This has been openly revealed by the former President of the country, Donald Trump during his failed initiative to negotiate with the countries in Washington DC.
Trump said, after Ethiopia refused to sign a deal prepared by the US, informing the negotiators that it needed "more time for deliberations with outstanding issues concerning the dam's operation and the filling of its reservoir." However, the deal was signed in the absence of Ethiopia during the time and the US Secretary of Treasury urged Ethiopia in a statement to stop filling of the dam before the copmletition of any deal between the countries, though Ethiopia had carried out first filling last year. And the US administration halted certain aid to Ethiopia as a punishment for her rejection of the deal. The incumbent in Washington has also been strongly urging Ethiopia to abide by the demands of Egypt and Sudan in as to the involvements of other actors the negotiation.
In this regard the two world powers Russia and China are against the position being entertained by the US. Particularly Russia announced the importance of AU in the negotiation. The Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov openly revealed this when his Egyptian Counterpart Shoukry visited Moscow in April. Lavrov stated during the occasion in a joint press conference in Cairo that differences over the GERD on the upper Nile should be resolved exclusively by the interested states through a dialogue under the leadership of AU.
"As for the Renaissance Dam, our Egyptian friends have been bringing up this issue for a while already. We are sincerely interested in settling it. It is possible to do so only by the three interested states. All others should create the necessary conditions for it," he pointed out. "We support this principle of finding African solutions to African problems most actively, not just on this but also on every other issue, including conflicts that remain in Africa," the minister emphasized.
A glance at Egypt: Sisi in Doha and Blinken in Cairo for the first time to shore up Palestine-Israel ceasefire
Chinese involvement over the dispute on GERD had also been tried by Egypt and Sudan. The two countries had asked China to pressure Ethiopia to reach a binding agreement on the dam's filling and operation. Egypt has been expressing its dissatisfaction with the involvement of Chinese companies in the construction of the GERD. However, China's position has been negative, as it continued working with Ethiopia urging the parties in dispute to reach an agreement through dialogue.
Looking for a new ally
Following the conflict in Tigray, the US administration and few of its allies in the West have gone further and tried to pressure Ethiopia on an international level by bringing the matter to the table of the UN Security Council. The US has made an attempt to get U.N. Security Council approval for a statement calling for an end to violence in Tigray region on the first week of March. However, it had not worked for the issue faced strong opposition from some members of the council notably by China, Russia and India, as the matter is totally an internal affair that could only be resolved by the member country itself.
In the last week's rallies against the US sanction on Ethiopia, the protesters have expressed their support to the China's leader Xi Jinping and Russia's President Vladimir Putin by displaying big banners depicting pictures of the two leaders. According to observers, the pictures of the leaders of China and Russia indicate that Ethiopians support the position being held by these countries in the UN Security Council on the current situation in Ethiopia. China and Russia are against the actions being taken by the US administration and its few allies in the West by meddling in the internal affairs of a sovereign country. Some analysts say the pictures imply that Ethiopia has other friends such as China and Russia that it could cooperate with in a bid to ensuring its national interest in the international fore.
However, the government of Ethiopia doesn't agree with this analysis. Spokesperson of the ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ethiopia Dina Mufti said Ethiopia is committed to strengthening relations with countries in world as long as they are not against its national interest. He told journalist last week "We want to strengthen relations with the global community be it Western or Eastern, rich or poor. The sky is the limit to strengthen its relation with nations."
However, observers argue that Ethiopia's current political dynamism prone to the international influence that would force the country to choose good friends that would stand by its side during this trying time. Several reports indicate that Russia is working to renew its relationship with African countries. Notably it has been working to establish its foothold in the Horn of Africa region, in this regard Ethiopia is one of the strategic countries in terms of size both geographic and population. This week Ethiopia and Russia announced an agreement to boost their intelligence and security cooperation. According to the National Intelligence and Security Service (NISS) of Ethiopia, Temesgen Tiruneh Director of NISS and Russian Ambassador to Ethiopia Yevgeny Terekhin have exchanged views on ways to enhance multifaceted cooperation in the sector.
China is the other world power that has strong cooperation ties with Ethiopia particularly in economic and investment activities. Ethiopia had signed agreement last March with China to establish a protection mechanism for the security of major projects implemented within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative in Ethiopia. This has been sparking curiosity among observers that the agreement might lead the two nations to build military base in Ethiopia as China has huge interest in Ethiopia for its major investments are located in Ethiopia, which is also second biggest borrower in Africa including the GERD.
China's involvement over the dispute on GERD had also been tried by Egypt and Sudan. The two countries had asked China to pressure Ethiopia to reach a binding agreement on the dam's filling and operation. Egypt has been expressing its dissatisfaction with the involvement of Chinese companies in the construction of the GERD. However, China's position has been on the negative continued working with Ethiopia urging the parties in dispute to reach an agreement through dialogue.
Is the US using the conflict in Tigray as a scapegoat?
Participants of the last week's Addis Ababa rally waved slogans that support the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). The demonstrators have also urged the government to undertake the second filling of the dam that has been protested by Egypt and Sudan in their banners.
Though Ethiopians consider the dam as their future hope, Egypt and Sudan express fear that the dam being built on the Nile River would diminish their water supply and are asking a binding deal before conducting the filling. However, Ethiopia has been repeatedly promising that the dam would never harm the countries and affirmed to continue conducting the second round of filling without deal as the Declaration of Principles Agreement signed by Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan in 2015 stipulates filling as part of the construction process.
The US administration has been showing huge interest to be part of the ongoing negotiation on the GERD between Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan. Egypt and Sudan have been working to internationalize the issue particularly over the last three years by asking the participation of UN and US among other international organizations in the ongoing mediation among the three countries. However, Ethiopia proposes the African Union (AU) to play the key role in the mediation.
During his recent visit to the Horn of Africa region, US Special Envoy for the Horn of Africa Jeffrey Feltman had also discussed with the officials of countries not only the conflict in Tigray and Ethio-Sudan border dispute but also the GERD negotiation.
Secretary of State Antony J. Blinken visited Egypt on May 26, 2021 and spoke with the Egyptian President, Sisi in Cairo. In his statement he issued on the day about the visit clearly indicates some kind of political game that the American are playing with the current situation in Ethiopia to attain Egypt's interest with its depute regarding the GERD.
The GERD Issue: a US diplomatic defeat
During the meeting, the Secretary conveyed President Biden's appreciation to President Sisi for Egypt's critical mediation efforts in support of a ceasefire between Israel and Hamas and other groups in Gaza and for Egypt's help in evacuating American citizens to safety.
The Secretary affirmed the strong strategic partnership between the United States and Egypt and President Biden's commitment to this relationship. He reiterated the United States' commitment to Egypt's water security and to the urgent resumption of substantive and results oriented negotiations under the leadership of the African Union to resolve the dispute over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD). The Secretary had also praised Egypt for its efforts on Libya and noted our mutual support for the Government of Iraq.
Political analysts who are closely following the ongoing GERD negotiation strongly argue that the United States is working in favor of Egypt in its dispute regarding the GERD by pressuring the government in Ethiopia, using the current situation as a pretext. Hence, the concern being showed by the US administration, regarding the situation in Tigray is a scapegoat.
This argument would become more plausible if someone try to remember the fact that how Ethiopia and the United States have been a longtime allies especially in the overall political and security matters across the Horn of Africa. They have been working in close partnership in the fight against terrorism in the region and beyond especially over the past three decades. Though the successive political leaders including the late Prime Minister Meles Zenawi used to be accused of rampant violations of human and democratic rights in the country, the US government has been giving a deaf ear and blind eye except the release of annual reports on the matters. And observers are now questioning US's intention over its current interest on the internal politics of Ethiopia that has pushed it further to impose sanctions that it had never tried over the past three decades on the previous leadership. Is the US gambling for the interest of Egypt as a reward for its so-called collaboration in the politics of the Middle East?
Egypt-Ethiopia GERD
US imperialism


text:
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This paper discusses Media History. In the life, each one of us has encounters and experiences that they classify as 'the past'. The past can sometimes be a memory or able to be traced through remains or traces existing in the present. …
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Subject: Journalism & Communication
Type: Essay
Level: Ph.D.
Pages: 10 (2500 words)
Author: jkrajcik
Extract of sample "Media History"
Download file to see previous pages As the report declares the mention of history should not be construed as a mirror of the past in totality for various reasons, and there are various points that anyone studying history in media or any other field should be aware about when trying to unveil it's the two meanings. One of the matters concerning history is that there are epistemological as well as philosophical assumptions that many historians make with regards to the proper way in which history should be done. One of those assumptions is where we are meant to believe that history can correspond with reality in the past by reading its contents. The misconception that history is a true reflection of the past is thus worth noting in media studies out of knowledge that the history presented to us entails many life philosophies in its construction.
According to the research findings history is always made for someone and thus it has a purpose as opposed to 'the past', which remains just as 'the past'. It is through this understanding that one learning media history is able to know that every historian gives an account concerning something with the chief intent that someone in later time will get to read or go through their documentation unlike the past. In addition, history is ideological and not innocent as it appears unlike 'the past' in that, its construction encompasses a historian's moral judgment concerning the wrong and the good as well as depending on how they perceive the world. ...Download file to see next pagesRead More
A Brief History Of Blizzard Entertainment Media
History Of Mass Media From Traditional Age
History Of Sports Journalism Media
History Of The Universal Music Group Media
Literary Canon
The History Of Pornography Media
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GOT7 – 'Flight Log: Departure' Album Review
By Guest Writer on April 25, 2016 in Music
This post is by guest writer Jara Rowe.
GOT7 soared to a new level with Flight Log: Departure, released in March of 2016. The sevensome gained a lot of recognition with this mini album by winning multiple music shows. Even more impressive is that the group had a major hand in the album's creation, with the members playing the roles of lyricists, composers, and arrangers. Flight Log: Departure also tests the waters of multiple genres but remains hip hop at its core. Finding the sound that suits them best, Flight Log: Departure is youthful and perfect for a group of men in their early 20s.
Track 1 – Fly
The title track Fly, sets the bar fairly high for the rest of the tracks on the mini album. Fly is an uptempo, EDM trap crossover that does a great job at merging the two styles to make a high quality hip hop song. The track is full of heavy drums and bass, but the gentle airiness of the vocals soaring in and out of the bass makes it feel light. With powerful raps and charismatic vocals, Fly is a great track that shows GOT7's musical progression.
Track 2 – 못하겠어 (Can't)
Opening with staccato drums, Can't is a lively but emotional track about love. Having a tropical island feel, Can't is a track that puts you in a positive state while listening. Junior took the lead on this song's creation; he wrote the lyrics, handled the composition and arrangement, and received help from Mark with the rap making.
Track 3 – 빛이나 (See The Light)
The theme of heavy staccato drums continues in See The Light. However, this track is the most mellow. The instrumentation is very impressive and provides a dreamlike atmosphere with flighty keyboard playing throughout. See The Light not only highlights the vocalists, but also the rappers with equal part distributions. Yugyeom and Mark worked on the lyrics and the composition and Mark and BamBam wrote the raps in See The Light.
Track 4 – Fish
Fish is a charming, fun, and youthful track. Leader JB assisted in writing the lyrics and composing Fish under his alias, Defsoul. The track is about a girl that is popular amongst guys and always has multiple ones around her, having several fish in her tank. The funky synthesizers that appear in Fish add interest along with the striking vocals over the drums. If you're looking for a great song to let loose to, you have found it in Fish.
Track 5 – Rewind
The vibe of Flight Log: Departure changes with Rewind. This track is different from previous tracks on Flight Log: Depature because it has a sexy, husky, and masculine feel. Rewind was written and composed by member Youngjae under his alias, ARS. Youngjae has described the track as being a continuation of Girls, Girls, Girls. The backtrack has tons of elements to add interest and keep the song moving like rewinding sound effects, high pitched tings, and echoes. Rewind is another track that shows off the vocalists and rappers of GOT7 really well.
Track 6 – Beggin On My Knees
Flight Log: Departure picks up tempo wise with the help of Beggin On My Knees. The track starts with a sinister organ riff and has a hint of old school jazz music with cello accents but intensifies with fast paced and heavy drums later in the song. Beggin On My Knees is a busy track, but at times the backtrack overpowers the group's vocals and rapping. However, the lyrics are witty as GOT7 discusses their wishful thinking about a girl that plays games with them. The lyrics for this track were written by Young K of labelmate Day6.
Track 7 – Something Good
Taking a R&B turn, Something Good has a completely different vibe from the previous track. This track is also written by JB which talks about having a good feeling about the girl they admire. The vocals are melodic and sweet which makes it easy on the ears. The raps are also smooth which lend well to the rest of the track.
Track 8 – Home Run
Starting off with funky synths is the second title track, Home Run. Home Run was released as a digital single later, but was originally included on the physical album. This track is cute sounding with an addictive melody and groovy beat. The lyrics and composition were once again made by JB.
boy groupEDMflight log: departuregot7hip hopjazzJYPkpopr&btrap갓세븐
JAEHYUNKIM
DAEBAK


Registration will resume on November 13 at the Minneapolis Convention Center. An onsite fee will be assessed for registrations processed onsite ($15 members and $25 non-members). Please allow 20 minutes for onsite registration.
Download the registration booklet (PDF) for detailed descriptions of all events and speakers.
Mark your calendars for the AIA Minnesota Awards Celebration! This year's event will feature a new format to honor our award recipients. Join us to celebrate the best of Minnesota architecture in 2018, including recipients of the Gold Medal, Honor Awards, Young Architect Awards, Special Awards, Louis Lundgren Award for Service, and more!
Watch for more details and a link to online registration, coming soon.


text:
Uruguay na Letních olympijských hrách 1952 ve finských Helsinkách reprezentovalo 32 sportovců (31 mužů a 1 žena) ve 9 sportech.

Medailisté

Externí odkazy

  Uruguay LOH 1952

Země na Letních olympijských hrách 1952
Uruguay na olympijských hrách
Sport v Uruguayi v roce 1952

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


As technology increases, the number of potential channels for hacking increases exponentially. With more mobile devices, hackers can steal information from anywhere. In addition, home Wifi Networks can easily be hacked. One of the revelations of the NSA leaks was that they were infecting wireless networks from over 8 miles away. It's obviously a bit unsettling to think that a hacker could simply hack into your entire network from such a far distance.
Security should be initial thought in any technology/products deployment. However, low non-tech skills are hard to beat by any security measure. For eg: walk into a used car dealership, and check out the cars with navigation or blue tooth phone system. Most people still doesn't delete their address history, home address or phone's contact list before they sell/trade cars.
I think this video was a great example of how new technologies such as drones combined with the Internet of Things present a wide array of new challenges in cybersecurity. More and more objects are going digital and thus can be hacked. Though law enforcement is taking this type of threat more seriously that it has in the past, I think that it is definitely an uphill battle and new kinds of threats constantly emerge.
This is one more thing to look out for. There really are millions of ways to steal someone's sensitive information.
This video makes me realize that literally any piece of technology on the market can be hacked into and used to hack to other technologies to steal data, money etc. It really scares me that, if my toaster becomes a node on the network and somebody hacks into it, turns it on while I'm not at home, and it sets my house of fire.


text:
import pytest
import mt940

@pytest.mark.parametrize('filename,encoding', [
    ('mt940_tests/jejik/ing.sta', 'utf-8'),
    ('mt940_tests/self-provided/raphaelm.sta', 'utf-8'),
    ('mt940_tests/betterplace/with_binary_character.sta', 'utf-8'),
])
def test_non_ascii_parse(filename, encoding):
    # Read as binary
    with open(filename, 'rb') as fh:
        data = fh.read()
        data = data.decode(encoding)
        mt940.parse(data)

    # Read as text
    with open(filename, 'r') as fh:
        data = fh.read()
        mt940.parse(data)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Sergeant Bowe Bergdahl and Private First Class Bradley (now Chelsea) Manning have something in common. Military officials unlawfully closed all or portions of their preliminary hearings to the public. When doing so, military officials exploited two unusual features of the military justice system, thereby denying the accused and the media of their respective Sixth Amendment and First Amendment rights to a public hearing.
The first feature is that the military justice system does not include a standing trial-level court. If there is a problem at the preliminary hearing, the accused and media have nowhere to go for help. The accused and the media must file a writ petition with a military appellate court to vindicate their rights. This leads to the second feature: these courts routinely find that they do not have jurisdiction to hear these claims. And when these courts deny the writ petitions, the accused and the media are left without an effective remedy. Recognizing this, military officials now block access to these hearings by mischaracterizing these challenges as Freedom of Information Act requests. They then tell the accused and the media to seek relief using the rights provided under that law, knowing none will be coming anytime soon.
Using the Bergdahl case as context, this Article describes this blocking maneuver. It then exposes the flawed reasoning that military appellate courts use when refusing to hear these constitutional claims. Finally, this Article offers legislative and regulatory fixes to ensure public access to these hearings.
Now is the time for change. In the last three years, Congress and the President have made significant changes to the military justice system. These changes have come in large part because the public lost trust and confidence in the military justice system. Transparency fosters trust and confidence. The more the public knows about what is considered at a preliminary hearing, the more trust and confidence the public will have in the commander's prosecutorial decision based on that hearing, and, ultimately, in the overall role of commanders in the military justice system.


When a file closes and a client provides us with glowing feedback, we respond by thanking them for their feedback and asking them to provide a Google rating or review. We have been doing this for about a month, and so far no one has provided any reviews or ratings. Likewise, we previously had customer survey at the end of files (to establish a NPS), but no one completed them... Are there magic words or a better time in the process to improve engagement?
In my own experience, I have found that simply asking often works wonders. Maybe not immediately, but follow up several months later. Be sure to include a link that will take them directly to the review area.
That said, the answer depends a lot on the type of business you are in and it might make sense to pay a digital marketer to help you develop and implement a customer review strategy.
What would make you WANT to leave a review if you were them? .... a future discount? knowing it helps the staff who helped you?
I somewhat disagree with the other answer posted here. When the communication is active, then only you can get reviews. If you are meeting your client personally, you can use an iPad, open your profile and ask them for a favor. Other than this, add a link with a badge of "Review Us on Google" on your website, newsletter, email signatures etc.
Make sure you show the necessity of these reviews and why you need them. If you are simply asking for a review, they may not take it seriously. But, if you give them a reason, like we are going to run a marketing campaign to a wider audience and we would like to increase our overall ratings before the campaign, as our competitors have better rating, it would be great if you can share your valuable feedback for the services we offered. We will really appreciate it.
Hi, this is a perpetual problem for business owners. Automotive dealerships grapple with how to engage CGC - consumer-generated content. Human nature is at issue as well. Two things work: 1. If you are face-to-face, as suggested previously, provide the client with a device and active link to your Google review page while you are finishing up something they are waiting for. 2. If working remotely, incentivizes the review. Offer a modest, but meaningful discount off their final bill upon completion of the review. Give them a 1 week deadline to complete the review or they will forego the discount on their final invoice. Hope this was helpful to you. It has been successful for others.
BOTTOM LINE is that customers EXPECT excellent service everyday no matter what and "giving positive reviews", is not on the top of the list for clients or customers.
We use a 3 step process here to both aggregate and distribute reviews across our clients' service profiles.
You have to be diligent, and you have to use some automation if you want to show a stellar showcase of history for "social proof" to work.
Only really old people fall for the trick of "of there's a badge here, they must be trustworthy", otherwise if they are younger and more tech savvy, it's a whole different set of rules.
Ask them what did they like the most about the experience. Let them know or send a gift tonshow your appreciation.
For starters,always have explicit permission before soliciting feedback via email,SMS or social.
If your business has an actual physical location it's a good idea to prepare sheets of paperwith a request for review.
Add a review widget to your website.On your official website or company blog,you can add a sidebar or widget which customers can click and use for posting on your business most relevant review sites.
The best time in the process to ask for a review is when your client is happiest with your product or service - either when you've just delivered it or you've achieved a great result for them.
You mentioned your clients leave you glowing feedback but don't respond when you ask them for a Google review.
Next time a client leaves you a glowing review, I would take their feedback and re-write it as a review, then email the client and ask them if they would mind leaving you a Google review as it really helps your business online. Tell them you've written a review based on their feedback to save them time, and leave them a link to your Google business page. It's possible to not only link to your Google review page but have the 5 stars option pre-selected (Google it).
You want to make it as easy as possible for them to leave a review so they can simply click the link and paste in the review you wrote for them based on their own feedback. Most people should be happy to do this.
I am in the service business sector and the trick is to ask multiple times during the customer life cycle. My crews are trained to ask during and after the project is completed. Then someone in the office calls and emails to follow up asking for a review. Seems to work well for us!
Most everything has been covered in previous responses, but one thing our insurance brokerage does is offer incentives to our agents for referring a positive google review. As soon as we implemented the program our staff all started calling their best clients asking for positive reviews. We went from having 3 reviews to 65 in a week or so. You'll pay out a bonus to your employees but the improvement to your online reputation and incremental revenue growth will make it well worth it.


I scored a new pair of hiking shoes on Saturday so I decided that Sunday would be the perfect day to break them in. Hubs, hounds & I headed out to Kings Mountain National Park and took the 5.5 mile hike up Browns Mountain. I would consider it a moderate hike because none of the climbs are ridiculously steep or ridiculously long but you do go up and down a few lofty hills. They are, however, mixed in with some flatter stretches so all in all, it is a lovely hike. There is a pretty lookout when you get to the top.


text:
require_relative '../../minitest_helper'
require 'bmff/box'
require 'stringio'

class TestBMFFBoxBase < Minitest::Test
  def test_parse_largesize
    io = StringIO.new("", "r+:ascii-8bit")
    io.extend(BMFF::BinaryAccessor)
    io.write_uint32(1)
    io.write_ascii("xxxx")
    io.write_uint64(16)
    io.pos = 0

    box = BMFF::Box.get_box(io, nil)
    assert_equal(16, box.actual_size)
    assert_equal(1, box.size)
    assert_equal(16, box.largesize)
    assert_equal("xxxx", box.type)
  end

  def test_parse_eof_size
    io = StringIO.new("", "r+:ascii-8bit")
    io.extend(BMFF::BinaryAccessor)
    io.write_uint32(0)
    io.write_ascii("xxxx")
    io.pos = 0

    box = BMFF::Box.get_box(io, nil)
    assert_nil(box.actual_size)
    assert_equal(0, box.size)
    assert_nil(box.largesize)
    assert_equal("xxxx", box.type)
  end
end