GeoComm offers three different levels for updating and developing your GIS data. Our basic package includes the GIS layers to satisfy Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) and 9-1-1 mapping system requirements, while our standard package adds the layers required and strongly recommended by NENA for NG9-1-1, and the premium package further includes ongoing GIS maintenance for three years. As these are not the only GIS services offered by GeoComm, additional, optional GIS services are listed at the bottom of the table below and are available for custom pricing to meet your specific needs.
GeoComm is committed to the success of our customer's GIS Services projects and uses formal project management processes based on industry effective practices to plan, formalize, and document our projects. GeoComm's Project Management team utilizes processes and guidelines set forth by the Project Management Institute and their Project Management Professional certification, a globally recognized and demanded program to demonstrate the company's commitment to the professional skills necessary, to lead project teams and achieve successful project results. GeoComm team members are trained to operate within these project management practices and possess the knowledge, experience, and skills to ensure successful project completion.
A GIS data analysis helps you understand how well your data functions within a 9-1-1 response system. In order to place incoming calls on a map, for instance, the GIS data needs to be synchronized to the MSAG and ALI database records. In an NG9-1-1 environment, it is particularly critical that address and emergency response information are highly accurate in the GIS data, as the GIS is used for routing incoming calls to the correct PSAP. GeoComm's analysis includes reviewing the quality of individual GIS data layers (road centerlines, boundaries, and address points), as well as their level of synchronization with the MSAG and ALI database. Potential problems will be identified by first reviewing each component individually; next evaluating the synchronization of all three; and finally providing steps for updating data to increase call plotting accuracy in traditional ALI-based systems while also preparing GIS map data to replace the MSAG in a future NG9-1-1 system. Even if you are not currently transitioning to an NG9-1-1 system, a data analysis will only improve your current system and provides the steps necessary for any future system.
GeoComm will review the GIS data schema of the provided GIS layers to determine their conformance with relevant GIS data models, such as your regional/state NG9-1-1 GIS data model or CAD requirements. While maintaining all of your existing information, GeoComm will then convert your GIS data into the appropriate standard or format. This will allow your data to work optimally within your CAD system and/or merge well with data from participating jurisdictions within an NG9-1-1 system.
Using aerial imagery for reference, GeoComm will ensure accurate spatial placement of road centerlines. Roads that are not aligned with aerials will be spatially adjusted accordingly. As part of this process, missing roads will also be identified and added as needed.
GeoComm will ensure that road segments are connected correctly and are broken where they cross any emergency service or community boundary. Boundaries that run alongside roads will also be snapped to match corresponding road segments exactly. Road segments also contain important information useful to the PSAP, such as the caller's city or emergency service zone. For instance, when a road crosses from one fire department response zone and into another, the road needs to be split at this boundary in the GIS data; this allows each segment to be attributed with the correct fire department information. Proper street connectivity also affects the ability to route vehicles efficiently along the street network.
For incoming 9-1-1 calls to be routed correctly, it is important that your road layer contain accurate address information, such as street names, address ranges, and community and region values. GeoComm will work with you to correct any street name inconsistencies and address range errors, such as segments with overlapping ranges.
If you are using or planning for an NG9-1-1 system, GeoComm will develop a PSAP boundary layer, which shows the area covered by the PSAP(s) in your area.
If you are using or planning for an NG9-1-1 system, GeoComm will develop an authoritative boundary layer, depicting the jurisdiction(s) that has authority over the GIS data.
Emergency service boundaries are key layers for GIS data being used for a 9-1-1 system, as they depict which of your emergency responders covers the area for an incoming call. GeoComm will update or develop three layers representing the areas covered by fire, law, and medical responders. These layers will be used for populating attribute information in the road and address point layers, and in some systems, may also be used for connecting incoming calls to the correct emergency responders as well as for display. If needed, GeoComm will also develop a fourth layer representing the emergency service zone numbers throughout your area. Additional emergency service layers, such as points representing fire stations or polygons representing police beats, are available at an additional cost.
In order for incoming calls to plot consistently in an E9-1-1 system, it is important that the roads are synchronized to the MSAG. If street names are spelled differently between the two, for instance, your dispatch mapping system might not be able to find an incoming caller's street using your GIS data. In an NG9-1-1 system, the road layer will also eventually replace the MSAG, and so it is doubly important that the information within the MSAG match what is found in the road attributes. GeoComm will compare attributes in the address point and street centerline layers against the MSAG and will correct the GIS layers as appropriate. These procedures will verify street names are spelled consistently, house numbers and address ranges fit the ranges of the MSAG, and ESN and community attributes are in sync. If needed, GeoComm will provide you with a list of questions (e.g., regarding street name spelling) and possible errors in MSAG.
GeoComm will update or develop GIS boundary layers that depict political boundaries, such as cities or counties. These boundaries are useful for populating attribute information in the road and address point layers, and in some systems, may also be used for routing incoming calls or for display.
Address points provide a more precise means of locating an incoming emergency 9-1-1 call, compared to locating a caller by a road layer alone. Based on existing GIS data provided by the county, such as tax parcel layers, GeoComm will develop new address points with accompanying descriptive attributes. Additional on-site collection or verification of new points can be provided at an additional cost.
As with the MSAG, it is important that the addresses contained within your ALI database are reflected in the GIS data for calls to plot correctly. GeoComm will compare house number and street name values in the ALI database against the address point and street centerline layers and will update the road and address point layers to correct any road name inconsistencies, inaccurate address ranges, and add missing address points or road segments. The process also compares ESN and community information to confirm whether ALI database addresses locate within the appropriate boundaries in the GIS map data, with corrections to be made as needed. If needed, GeoComm will provide you with a list of questions (e.g., regarding the correct location of an ALI address) and possible errors in ALI.
Due the increasing use of cellular phones, including households that no longer have traditional landlines, it is important to be able to locate incoming wireless 9-1-1 calls. A cell sector layer contains the cell tower coverage for the cellular providers in your area, and can be used to plot the location of incoming wireless calls.
In some cases, roads may be known by more than one name or a road name may have multiple spelling variations. For instance, Main Street may also be County Road 2, or Martin Luther King, Jr. Blvd. may also be known as MLK Blvd. A street name alias table allows your 9-1-1 system to utilize multiple street names for the same street segments.
GeoComm will add or update routing attributes in your roads layer, allowing emergency vehicles to be routed more efficiently. Routing attributes can be used to depict one-way streets, overpasses, speed limits, and/or road classifications.
To optimize the routing capabilities or your roads layer, GeoComm will ensure that road name attributes for highways and ramps are attributed consistently and, if appropriate, match any GIS data model requirements for your state, region, or CAD software.
GeoComm will add or updates attributes in your address point layer with the names of significant landmarks and with alternate names and spellings included in an alias table. E.g., 101 Main St. might be given the name of "John F. Kennedy High School" in the address point layer's landmark field, and then linked to the name "JFK High School" in the alias table.
On a routine, scheduled basis, GeoComm will provide a GIS dataset and in the required format and specification for incorporation into your 9-1-1 CAD system.
On a routine, scheduled basis, GeoComm will run your GIS data through data integrity quality control checks that are specific to the needs of 9-1-1 services. The results are provided back to you in a report, allowing you to keep track of how well your GIS data works within a 9-1-1 environment.
Establishing a structured and well documented maintenance workflow is an important step in ensuring GIS data is regularly updated and remains compliant with any required data standards. GeoComm will review your existing maintenance workflows, make updates to these workflows, and develop new workflows outlining recommended GIS map data, MSAG, and ALI database maintenance procedures. GeoComm will work with you to determine the appropriate workflow, and then provides related training for implementing the workflow.
To ensure your data remains accurate and current, GeoComm will provide on-going GIS data maintenance as changes and modifications are needed.
GeoComm will work with you to build or update a layer that represents unincorporated communities in your service area. This layer is often for visual display in your CAD system.
GeoComm will work with you to build or update a layer that represents the different neighborhoods within cities or counties in your service area. This layer is often for visual display in your CAD system.
GeoComm will develop mile markers, based on resources provided by the customer, for highways and other needed collector roads. Each mile marker will include a description attribute with the mile marker number for each point. This layer can help direct emergency responders to 9-1-1 callers, including calls from mobile phone along highways.
GeoComm will work with you to develop or update a layer depicting railroad lines in your service area.
GeoComm will work with you to develop or update line and polygon layers that represent lakes, river, and other bodies of water in your service area. This layer is often for visual display in your CAD system.
GeoComm will work with you to develop a plan for managing MSAG and ALI database changes, including determining the appropriate processes and then coordinating that work. This service helps to ensure that the data contained in your MSAG and ALI database are synchronized with your GIS data.
GeoComm will work with you to develop additional emergency services layers, such as fire station location points, police beat areas, or tow truck service areas, for use in your dispatch software. These layers might be required for your CAD system, or may be used as additional references for enhancing emergency call responses.
GeoComm will work with you to update or develop secondary addresses for your jurisdiction, such as individual units within a strip mall or individual apartments in a building, based on print and digital resources. Secondary addresses allow 9-1-1 operators to locate incoming calls more precisely, which can reduce response times.
To create the most accurate address point layer possible, GeoComm will work with you to conduct a complete in-the-field verification of site/structure locations. This service can include primary and/or secondary addresses.
GeoComm will complete an in-the-field verification of any questionable points and discrepancies uncovered during the process of updating your map data.


"Eu scriu frumos cu cretă albă la tabla neagră."
Translation:I write beautifully with white chalk on the blackboard.
Is PE better than LA?
We have to remember that the use of prepositions is not the same in different languages... for example, where Romanian uses "la", the English translation is usually "at" but it might as well be "in", "to", "with", "towards" or yet another preposition, depending on the context.
Well, I am Romanian! I think I know what is the best way to write in Romanian! And PE- means on!
Hmmm... Ok... I don't seek an Interwebz fight, just wanted to stress the delicate matter of translating prepositions :) Bună seara!


text:
Home » News » US
Kentucky lawmakers pass two pro-life bills early in legislative session
Kentucky Capitol. Credit: Alexey Stiop / Shutterstock.
CNA Staff, Jan 13, 2021 / 03:29 pm MT (CNA).- Lawmakers in Kentucky on Monday sent two pro-life bills to Governor Andy Beshear's desk, both of which are likely to become law thanks to veto-proof majorities.
House Bill 2 would allow the state attorney general to directly investigate and prosecute abortion facilities for violations of recently enacted state laws, without relying on the state's Cabinet for Health and Family Services, as is currently the case.
In October 2020, an appeals court upheld several of Kentucky's regulations on abortion clinics including that abortion facilities to have a transfer agreement with local hospitals, within a certain distance, in case of medical complications that could arise from abortions.
The second bill, Senate Bill 9, would make it illegal for medical professionals to deny medical care to babies born alive during abortions— a goal that has garnered support in several states and on the national level.
SB 9 also provides for born-alive infants to be legally recognized as persons under Kentucky law.
"A physician performing an abortion shall take all medically appropriate and reasonable steps to preserve the life and health of a born-alive infant," the bill reads.
Kentucky Right to Life Association, which has supported the pair of bills, praised lawmakers for making the pro-life legislation a priority.
"We are sincerely grateful both of these important pieces of legislation were included in the 2021 "WEEK 1" House and Senate priorities," the organization said Jan. 12.
Governor Beshear, a Democrat, vetoed a bill that combined the two policies last year. This year, the legislature passed both bills with veto-proof margins. Republicans hold a 3-to-1 supermajority in both chambers of the Kentucky legislature.
During September 2020, President Donald Trump signed an executive order clarifying existing laws regarding born-alive care, stating that hospitals that refuse to provide medical care to premature babies born during abortions or who have disabilities may be putting their federal funding at risk.
A federal law on the matter, the Born-Alive Infant Abortion Survivors Act, has been introduced several times in Congress, but has failed to become law. The bill stalled in the House of Representatives during 2019-2020 because an insufficient number of members signed a discharge petition which would have triggered a vote on the bill.
The proposed law would not have created any new limit or restriction on access to abortion, but would require that infants born alive after an attempted abortion be given appropriate medical care consistent with that given to a child of the same gestational age born under a different circumstance.
Similarly, lawmakers in Wyoming plan to revisit a legal measure to protect born-alive infants after a measure last year failed.
In March 2020 the Wyoming House of Representatives passed a born-alive bill 44-16 and the Senate passed it by 23-7, but the governor vetoed it.
The new bill, titled "Born alive infant-means of care," is numbered Senate Filing 34. Its sponsor is State Sen. Cheri Steinmetz, a Republican. As of Jan. 8, she is joined by five other senators and nine state representatives who co-sponsored the legislation, according to the Wyoming legislature's website.
Tags: Abortion, Catholic News, Kentucky, Abortion in the United States
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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ACS  Banner, D.W.; Harvary, P. Crystallographic analysis at 3.0-A resolution of the binding to human thrombin of four active site-directed inhibitors. J. Biol. Chem., 1991, 266, 20085-20093.  Crabtree, R.H. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals, 3rd ed.; Wiley & Sons: New York, 2001.  Wheeler, D.M.S.; Wheeler, M.M. Stereoselective Syntheses of Doxorubicin and Related Compounds In: Studies in Natural Products Chemistry; Atta-ur-Rahman, Ed.; Elsevier Science B.V: Amsterdam, 1994; Vol. 14, pp. 3-46.
IEEE  G. Liu, K.Y. Lee, and H.F. Jordan, "TDM and TWDM de Bruijn networks and shufflenets for optical communications", IEEE Trans. Comp., vol. 46, pp. 695-701, June 1997.  U.J. Gelinas, Jr., S.G. Sutton, and J. Fedorowicz, Business processes and information technology. Cincinnati: South Western/Thomson Learning, 2004.  L. Rosenfeld, and P. Morville, "Designing Navigation Systems," In: Information Architecture for the World Wide Web, 2nd ed. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly, 1998, pp. 47-71.
Harvard Culotta, E (2008), 'Hobbit skull suggests a separate species', Science Now, no. 677, p. 2. Flexer, RW, Baer, RM, Luft, P & Simmons, TJ (2008), Transition planning for secondary students with disabilities, 3rd ed., Pearson, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. Stevenson, WG & Friedman, PL (1999) In: Hennekens, CH (Ed) Clinical Trials in Cardiovascular Disease, WB Saunders Co., Philadelphiaa 217-30.
APA Mellers, B.A. (2000). Choice and the relative pleasure of consequences. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 910-924. Bernstein, D. K., & Tiegerman, E. (1989). Language and communication disorders in children (2nd ed.). Columbus, OH: Merill. Phillips, S.J., & Whisnant, J. (1995). Hypertension and Stroke. In: Laragh, J.H., & Brenner, B. (Eds.), Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management (pp. 465-478). New York: Raven Press.
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A five-year-old foster child, known as M.D., had one constant in her turbulent life – her big sister.
As the state of Washington shuffled them between seven different foster homes in Western Washington, at least the girls had each other.
Three years ago, the girls were separated when a court ordered M.D. to be placed with a Texas man who appeared to be her biological father. That split changed both of their young lives forever.
Three months after the move, in July 2015, M.D. was nearly beaten to death by the father – leaving her blind, brain damaged, non-verbal and a quadriplegic.
In October 2018, the state settled a lawsuit brought on behalf of the child for failing to protect her. The $19.3 million payout is the biggest settlement ever paid to an individual by DSHS, whose child welfare duties have since been assumed by the newly formed state agency, the Department of Children, Youth, and Families (DCYF).
"Her life was taken from her," said Isaacson.
After M.D.'s long recovery in a Texas hospital, DSHS moved the girl back to Washington state. Someone special was waiting – her big sister, currently age eight, who was still a foster child in the Isaacson's home. M.D. was placed at a rehabilitation home in Eastern Washington where her high needs could be met. The Isaacsons were able to take the older sister for reunions, events that the foster parents describe as magical moments for both girls.
"(M.D.) just started smiling. There's a bond you cannot break," said Isaacson.
"They were communicating in their own way, a secret code or however you want to talk about sisters connecting. They were doing that. It's amazing," said Jeff Isaacson.
But a year ago, DSHS stopped the visits. On September 29, 2017, after two and a half years in their care, the state removed M.D.'s sister from the Isaacsons' Lacey home to live with a relative. She's currently in King County. Since then, the girls have had no contact.
"After careful review of the agency's records our investigation determined that the agency violated policy by failing to provide sibling visits," wrote Mary Moskowitz, of the state's Office of the Family and Children's Ombuds in a letter dated September 14, 2018.
"To deprive (M.D.) of that is continuing DSHS's failure in this case," said Isaacson.
"All the trauma and everything that's happened to M.D. and to keep adding more trauma when it's not necessary, when it's a sister bond. Why? Why?" said Missy Isaacson.
DCYF didn't answer why the visits stopped, but the agency sent a statement explaining the importance of maintaining family and sibling bonds in the foster care system.
"Visits are vital in maintaining family connections and can improve the safety, permanency, and well-being of children in out-of-home care. Visits should be consistent and frequent with the proper level of supervision to ensure child safety. The visitation plan should be developed timely and include visits in the least restrictive setting based on risk factors, existing danger, safety threats, and protective factors," wrote Debra Johnson, director of communications, DCYF.
Before being taken out of the Isaacsons' home on April 24, 2015, M.D. was a perfectly healthy, busy toddler.
The Isaacsons said they were crushed when they said goodbye, but also described themselves as happy M.D. would finally be with a biological parent whom DSHS social workers said was a safe and stable placement.
That wasn't true. The father, Bryant Davis, had served two years in prison for aggravated robbery. He had convictions and prison sentences for assault causing bodily harm, three drug convictions, and a conviction for assault/domestic violence for pushing his wife to the ground and strangling her.
"We were deceived by DSHS. Yes, without a doubt," said Missy and Jeff Isaacson.
Legal documents filed in the lawsuit against DSHS detail a string of policy violations in M.D.'s case. DSHS never followed through on a court-ordered paternity test or a parenting assessment. State social workers, according to the suit, also failed to verify Davis' criminal history or to read a home study carried out by social workers in Texas that would have exposed other warning signs.
In a March 2015 court proceeding where DSHS recommended to a judge that M.D. be placed with her dad, the state told the court there were "no red flags" out of Texas. Social workers later admitted they had not read the Texas home study prior to the hearing.
The Isaacsons said the state won't allow them to visit M.D. in Eastern Washington. The foster parents said all they want is for M.D. to have access to familiar voices and people who love her in an effort to give her the best life possible.
"What they're doing to these two girls...is appalling," said Jeff Isaacson.
Davis is serving a 23-year prison sentence in Texas in connection with the beating.
Both M.D. and her sister continue to be wards of the state. It's unclear when or if either will be adopted or if they will end up together again. The Isaacsons still hold a Washington state foster care license and said they are open to adopting the sisters.
Follow Susannah Frame on Twitter @SFrameK5.


text:
Puckeridge, Pockkridge, Pokeriche, Pokkerigge
The following extract is taken from A History of the Parish of Standon by Christopher Perowne Vicar of Standon 1934 to 1947 – later Canon Perowne. Printed June 1967 by Stephen Austin & Sons Ltd, Hertford
"The public are more familiar with the name Puckeridge than they are of Standon for two reasons. One is that the village lies on the Cambridge London road and secondly there is a well known Hunt which takes its name from the place where used to be the original kennels. The site of the kennels is to be found marked on most of the old maps (such as the tithe map) up behind the George Inn, but today there is nothing left of any buildings.
Puckeridge was at one time a good deal larger place than it is today and in the 17th century was a place of some note in the County. There was a weekly market attended by all the local farmers; this market had received its Charter from King Edward I; a Fair once a month was granted at the same time. There were also numerous inns, some of which remain today, but alas some of the best known of the old ones were burnt down or fell into ruin and decay through neglect. Puckeridge was a great coach station, twenty-four coaches going through in the day and nearly all would stop at one of the inns for the horses to be changed; relays always being kept in the stables. You can imagine the stir and bustle of commercials, huntsmen, sportsmen of all sorts, grooms, chambermaids, ostlers, boots, drovers, coach passengers and many others who would be gathered in one of the inns, the Old Bell, the Rising Sun, the George, the Falcon, the White Hart, or one of the many others which existed, the good lunches, reasonable charges, the tables groaning with sirloins and rounds of beef, tankards of ale and such like old English fare. The Old Bell, for instance, which stood just opposite where the George Inn is today, was well known to nearly all those who travelled by coach. Wilkins, the driver of the famous Beehive coach, would stop here for his passengers to refresh themselves. At that period the inn was kept for successive generations by the Carter family, and was celebrated for the best ale between London and York. The inn at one time acted as post office, and an amusing tale is told that 'Suky Burnett gave the mail guard, one night by mistake, her pockets out of the window instead of the mail bags'! The George which is still in existence, was largely rebuilt some years ago, but for some time it was used as a private house by John Monck, the celebrated huntsman; an oil painting of him hangs in the Hertford Museum. The Rising Sun was another well known inn; this was at the corner of the Standon-Bishops Stortford Road where now stands Fordham's shop; it was burnt down in 1891. An interesting account of the fire is given in a newspaper of the "Times", a cutting of which I have. It mentions the old fire engine which was useless, and stresses the need for the purchase of another. The engine used to be kept in the shed which is next to Arthy's baker's shop and was only sold about forty years ago for a few pounds as old brass and copper.
The White Hart is one of the oldest still in existence, it consisted of not only the present building but across the road, including all the houses up to Mently Lane, and some of the old stables are still to be seen behind one of the houses (Long's)
Another interesting relic of the past, at present in Standon Church tower, is the Toll board of the Wadesmill Turnpike Trust, which mentions the names of the vehicles, phaeton, calash, cabriolet, curricle, chaise, coach, cart, chair and so on, and the charges for the same. Pepys the diarist stayed a number of times at various inns at Puckeridge, the White Hart, the old Bell, the George and the Crown and Falcon … Some few years ago a visitor to the White Hart asked one of the inn staff which was the room which used to be occupied by Pepys the diarist, and was answered that as they had so many visitors to stay he could not remember Mr.Pepys!
The roads of the 17th century cannot have been too safe, for there is a strong legend that the landlord of one of the inns in Puckeridge (whose relatives still live in the neighbourhood) was a friend and helper of Dick Turpin, the famous highwayman who made himself well known to travellers on the road! Not only then were travellers in danger of being robbed, but nearly two hundred years earlier we read of messengers being waylaid. In 1599 in a Hist. M.S.S. at Hatfield House, part 9, page 298, we read in the following letter from Thomas Sadeir and John Brograve to Sir Robert Cecil, dated from Stondon, August 14th, 1599: 'We have according to the directions given to others and to us, charged watches in the towns within our limits to be straitly kept both day and night, and in a watch at Puckeridge, a hamlet of Stondon and Braughing, there was a man attacked and brought before us, having many letters directed as by the superscriptions thereof may appear to you with a box covered with crimson velvet where in is contained the passion of Christ engraved. Whether there be just cause why we should trouble you we certainly know not, because we thought not good to open the letters some being directed to honourable personages; but lest any imputation of negligence in this dangerous time might be taxed upon us, we thought it not amiss, for the better discharge of our duty, to trouble you with the person, his letters, and token.'
There is an interesting mention of Puckeridge in a "Black Letter" of 1581, and in the same paper of even an earlier date, 1400 A.D.: 'The Doome warning all men to the Judgemente : Wherein are contained for the most part all the strainge Prodigies hapned in the worlde, with divers secrete figures of Revelations tending to mannes stayed converstion towards God; in manner of a generall Chronicle gathered out of sundrie approved authors by ST BATMAN professor in Dianinitie. "Imprinted by Ralphe Nubery assigned by Henry Bynneman. Cumpriailegio Regali.
"A good example against wecked Blasphemers, of what estate soeuver they be.
"At Stondon a little village 20 miles from London, not far from ye highway to Cambridge, where for a time the writer her of did abide, avoiding the great plague that then was in London and also in Cambridge, a Gentleman that was named mayster Barington, whose wife was afterwards maryed in Cambridge to one maister Carington, and of her also he (the author of this prodigie) hearde the same: the sayd Gentleman Barington, was a greate swearer, and did customablye use great othes, specially by the blood of oure Lorde, and upon a Sonday or else a festival Holyday, he went forth on huting and hauking, and nothing speeding after his mind, he came unto an alehouse, at a thorow faire called Puckrych, 8 miles from Ware, in the highway to Cambridge, the one side of which thorow faire was in the said parrish of Stondon where the Gentleman was, and called for drinke, and anon he began to sweare after his unhappy custome, saying, by Gods blood this day is unhappy and within a while after in swearing so he bled at the nose and therewith more and more vexed, he began to raile and blaspheme the name of God in swearing passion, woundes, flesh, nayles, blood and body till at the last he fell farther to bleede at the eares, at the eyes, at his wrests, the ioyntes of his hands, and of all his body, at the Nauil and foundament, in marvailous great quantine and streames of blood, loathsomelye blearing out his tongue in fearfull manner as black as pitche, so that no person durst come near him: this continued till the Duiell and death had made an ende of him. On the morrow they layde the body on a carte, carrying it to Stondon, the body bleeding after a strange sort, was buryed in the highway (by the North Gate on the way to Stortford). A manifest token of God's displeasure against swearers and abusers of the Saboth". It is an interesting fact that in 1936, when the local Council were laying on water and sewage in the village of Standon, that at the corner herein just mentioned, the workman in digging found a skeleton of a man, and I like to think that it was that blasphemer who died at Puckeridge on that Sunday morning so long ago.
F. A. Casquet in his "Parish Life in Medieval England" mentions on page 22 7 – 'So also, the parish priest of Standon, at the beginning of the fifteenth century, was ordered to publish an excommunication under the following circumstances: 'Margaret Basun, a parishioner, was charged by some people with having stolen a silver ring belonging to Alice Brayner and with having sold it to Anne Boghley. Margaret Basun denied the truth and was called to make canonical purgation before the Bishop: she did so: and the Bishop having heard the case, declared her innocent of the charge, and ordered her innocence to be proclaimed, and an excommunication to be pronounced against those who had defamed her. Adrian the fourth an Englishman, called Nicholas Breakespeare thesonne of one Dan Robert a monke of San Albons, and at one time of Pockeridge, going to Agnania to denounce the excommunication against the Emporer Fredericke, after he had tarryed there a few days, walking forth with some of his companye to coole him, drinking of a certaine spring of water forthwith a flye did enter into his moathe, and sticke so fast to his throate, that he was choaked."
There is no church in Puckeridge these days nor has there been one for many years, and no trace can be found of one, but several authorities tell us that there was one. Tanner says, "There was a free chapel with a chantry in it in the time of King Edward the second. Vide pat. 13. ed. 2 M. 16 pro cantania facienda in capelia Omnium Sanctorum de Pokkerigge, et de tennis et redditibus ibidem…… Pat. 11 Hen.4.P.2.m.4 de fundatione et dotatione liberae capellae Omnium Sanctoum ibidem et de Eadem in Regis protectionem sucepta. Pat.2. Hen 5. p.a.m.3g. de Custodia liberae capellae de Pokeriche commissa abbati de Waltham. In Cambdens Brittania we are told that the village was called 'Pulcher (beautiful) Church.'
Although there is no Church there is a Congregational Chapel which has been there since 1832, prior to which services were held in a farmer Weir's barn. In the Hertfordshire Mercury of December 20th, 1905, an interesting account is given of the family of one of Puckeridge residents: 'Among the tradesmen who lived in Puckeridge about the year 1656 was a certain George Rogers who we can imagine carried on the business of a grocer and general shopkeeper, and was altogether in tolerably thriving circumstances. He appeared to have been a churchwarden of the church which has long since disappeared and which was dedicated to All Saints or else he may have held a similar appointment at the adjoining village of Standon. During the reign of Charles II and Commonwealth, tradesmen were allowed to issue copper tokens of small value to assist the currency and for the convenience of themselves and others. This worthy shopkeeper found some difficulty in providing sufficient small change for the customers who patronized his establishment to obtain the various commodities with which he supplied them. He therefore had a considerable number of small coins or tokens of the value of one farthing made of copper or brass. These tokens originally circulated far and wide between the years of 1648 and 1673 and bore various inscriptions. Those which George Rogers used were inscribed with his name on one side in two lines between four small roses and another rose between his initials G. R. The other side had the word 'Puckridg' across it, with two long stemmed tobacco pipes known as 'churchwardens' arranged as a St Andrew's Cross, and having a clove between them at each end.
One of these tokens was lately unearthed at the Hertford "old" Grammar School during the excavations for the new buildings, and it is only natural that some conjectures should be made as to how it arrived at the spot where it was found. It may, therefore, be tolerably correctly surmised that the said George Rogers, being a grocer as shown by the cloves on his tokens, was the father of a family which consisted of boys and girls, and he considered it his duty to bring them up respectably and give them as good an education as he could afford. His thrifty wife attended to the girls and instructed them in the rudiments of learning and also in household duties and taught them the use of the distaff and other 17th century accomplishments necessary for them in after life. But his two boys, who were as unruly and uncouth as the boys of his neighbours, were under his personal supervision and required to be controlled accordingly. As these boys would have to make their way in the world, he decided that they should be instructed in Latin in addition to their other studies, this language being much taught and writted at the time. The nearest town at which this privilege could be obtained was Hertford for the Free School was flourishing there having been founded by the late Sir Richard Hale, of Kingswalden, in the year 1616 for the 'instruction and bringing up of children and youth in the Latin tongue and other polite learning'. He therefore drove his nimble steed to that ancient borough on a certain market day, and put up at the sign of the Chequers which adjoined the Grammar School Master's house in Fore-Street. He had a long interview with the Headmaster, Mr. Ralph Mynors, and ascertained the terms and conditions upon which he would undertake to instil into the minds of his two prospective pupils 'Latin as she is spoke' and other useful and necessary items of a classical education. The interview was considered satisfactory and the terms were arranged, for the master was always willing to receive any number of boys, refractory or docile, and he knew exactly how to bring them to obedience. As Puckeridge was nine miles from the county town it was too far for daily travelling, and bicycles had not then engaged the thoughts of man, so it was decided that the two boys should attend the school of boarders.
A few Saturdays afterwards George Rogers conveyed his two 'hopefuls', Richard and James, to the imposing buildings in Fore-street, Hertford, where he deposited them with the accompanying box containing clothing and comestibles, and consigned them to the tender mercies of Dominie Mynors and his good wife… The fond parents of these two boys, familiarly known by this time as Dick and Jamie, supplied the youths with a certain amount of pocket money, amongst which were some of the small tokens which father used in his business. Very naturally as boys did in those and other days they bartered some of them for marbles and sweets, and other articles of that period, and, as often happened these coins were mysteriously dropped and lost sight of, one of them being recovered nearly three centuries afterwards. Hence we may account for the finding of a copper token of the seventeenth century on the school premises in 1905, above referred to.
During the past few years many new houses have been built in Puckeridge, and no doubt when the "by-pass" has been created Puckeridge will blossom forth as a useful shopping centre for the parish. A much needed set of flats has been started for the old people, and this is to be enlarged. At the present moment the main street, owing to its narrowness and ever increasing traffic, has become most dangerous and makes shopping not only dangerous but almost impossible."


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Obituary for Jeffery Kubik | Castle Hill Funeral Home, LLC.
Jeffery Kubik, age 60, of Calumet City, Illinois passed away January 28, 2019. Private arrangements entrusted to Castle Hill Funeral Home of Calumet City, Illinois.


Location Upper Wensleydale. Thwaite Bridge and Mossdale.
Geology Glacial Drift over sandstones, shales and limestones below the Main Limestone.
Record Description This walk will provide a photographic record of an interesting walk from Thwaite Bridge to the Mossdale Tunnel, which while only 245m in length, was one of the most difficult and expensive sections of the Wensleydale Railway to construct , costing £40.000. From the Railway we recorded the vegetation and relict woodland seen within Mossdale Gill and within the higher waterfall ravines. This area is pathless and seldom visited.
Additional Notes These gentle landscapes, the higher reaches of Upper Wensledale, provide an easy access across the National Divide, at an elevation of just 312m at the Moorcock Inn, to Sedbergh through Garsdale and to the Vale of Eden throgh Mallerstang and are very different from their equivalent landscapes above Keld in Upper Swaledale, which lead over Birkdale Common to Mallerstang Edge.
Image 1 Description Thwaite Bridge with large colony of Melancholy Thistle. The walk commenced from here.
Image 2 Description Marsh Orchid. One of the many variants and in good form in the species-rich road verges.
Image 3 Description Marsh Orchid.
Image 4 Description The Mossdale Tunnel, eastern entrance.
Image 5 Description The Mossdale Tunnel, approach to the western exit entrance.
Image 6 Description The Mossdale Tunnel, western entrance.
Image 7 Description The bed of the abandoned railway continues towards Garstang.
Image 9 Description The relict woodland with hollies,rowan, aspen,sallows and downy birch on the ravine cliffs contrasts with the conifer plantation.
Image 12 Description Recording the species rich native woodland at the head of Mossdale Gill.
Image 13 Description Aspens in relict woodland on low sandstone cliff at the head of Mossdale Gill.
Image 15 Description Witches brooms on a Downy Birch tree at the head of Mossdale Gill.
Image 16 Description Detail of aspen with Hard Fern (Blechnum spicant)on low sandstone cliff at the head of Mossdale Gill.
Image 18 Description Recording moorland vegetation higher up Mossdale Gill.
Image 19 Description Recording vegetation with Lemon Scented Fern on low shale cliff overlies the limestone in the bed of the stream, Routing Gill.
Image 20 Description Recording vegetation with Lemon Scented Fern on low shale cliff overlies the limestone in the bed of the stream, Routing Gill.
Image 22 Description Ancient wind blown hollies and rowan on low sandstone cliff.
Image 23 Description Time to stop for lunch below the lower falls. Stone mine adit visible on opposite bank.
Image 24 Description Carpeting thyme is the most prominent flower on the stream gravels.
Image 25 Description The lower falls on Routing Beck. Rowan and downy birch the trees here.
Image 30 Description Glacial till or boulder clay exposed by stream erosion directly overlies the limestone bed of Routing Gill.


Since my last PC crashed and the IT guy saved most of my items on a flash drive, I have been trying to put things in order. Going through all these files I have found things I have forgotten about. Like a file of photos taken in Eastern Oregon. Here are two of them. These were taken early morning. I was just amazed at how low the water line was.
Beautiful. My grandson is moving west in the summer. He is talking about Oregon or Washington. My nephew lives in Everett...an engineer for Boeing. My niece lives in Oregon...a designer for Nike. I suspect a visit to that area is somewhere in my future.
Beautiful photos! I almost thought the road was flooded there but perhaps it's a boat launch ramp? Looks like a gorgeous area.
I'm glad most of your images were saved! How beautiful those photos are. The water line does indeed look low.
Wow, that is low, but the pictures are truly beautiful! Big Hugs!


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Are you worried about Covid-19? We have some information to help you navigate this tricky time.
Gender and Sexual Identity
Home Feelings
Read on for information, advice, and support for if you are unsure of your gender identity and/or sexuality.
I'm not sure about my gender or sexual identity
Many of us find ourselves questioning our identity at one time or another, and some of us may struggle with this if it happens frequently.
Our identity is what makes us who we are; we may spend some of our life believing we identify in a certain way, but then realise that this doesn't feel right later in life. It can be difficult and confusing to think about how we identify, and some of us feel we have to hide our true selves for one reason or another.
All human beings are unique; even if we share the same culture or are the same age as another person, we are all different to one another. No matter your age, relationship status, or culture, it's OK to question who you are and to explore how you truly identify.
How can I identify?
You may have come across the term LGBT, which stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender, and there are many other ways that we can identify. The term LGBTIQ+ includes Intersex and Queer, and the plus sign refers to several other identities such as Non-Binary and Questioning.
There is a wide range of ways that a person can identify, and even if we refer to ourselves using a particular label such as gay or bisexual, we are all different to one another.
Your identity is comprised of many different factors, from your race or cultural background, to the food you like to eat. How you identify and who you choose to love is another part of what makes you, you.
You may feel uncertain or overwhelmed about how you identify, and it's OK to feel this way. Scroll down for more information about different identities and how they can be defined or experienced.
How we identify with ourselves is about how we personally experience our gender. At birth, a decision is made – usually by a doctor – about whether we are male or female, based on our genetalia and genetics. This is referred to as a person's 'biological sex' and this is different to gender identity.
Gender can be expressed and experienced in many different ways, and isn't limited to just 'male' or 'female'. Some definitions of gender identities are described below.
Some ways we can identify:
Cisgender or cis – a person who identifies with the gender assigned by their biological sex
Transgender or trans – a person who does not identify with their biological sex. A transgender man is someone who was assigned as female at birth, but identifies as male. A transgender woman is someone who was assigned male at birth, but identifies as female.
Non-binary or gender fluid – a person who does not identify with either male or female, or identifies with both in different ways at different times. Some non-binary people identify as trans, while others reject the concept of identity as binary and do not abide by societal gender norms (e.g. identifying as female and wearing clothing that society associates with women).
Intersex - a person who is born with both male and female genetalia, so a decision is made by the parents and clinicians about the person's biological sex. Surgery may be involved to enforce this decision.
If you'd like to learn more about the many forms of gender identity, including the ones listed above, you can look here.
Gender identity is formed by your personal sense of self; it is about who you feel you are inside, regardless of how you may physically appear.
The way that we portray our gender identity (referred to as gender expression) can vary depending on what we feel comfortable with and the world around us. Some cultures consider certain identities as unlawful, and because of this it may be difficult or dangerous for people to express their identity freely.
There are many misconceptions about gender identity, but feeling comfortable in your own skin is important for your mental wellbeing. If you are struggling with this, or feel unable to explore your gender identity due to certain factors in your life, you can scroll down for tips and advice or access further support here.
Sexuality or sexual orientation
Our sexuality (or sexual orientation) relates to who we feel sexually or romantically attracted to. This could be someone of the same gender identity, someone who identifies differently, or when someone does not feel sexual attraction at all. It can also be when someone does not consider gender as an aspect of their sexual preferences, instead being attracted to individuals in other ways.
You may find it helpful to identify with a label to describe your sexuality, or you may prefer not to label how you are feeling. You know yourself best, so it's your choice.
Scroll down for some of the ways that we could identify sexuality.
Some ways we can identify our sexuality:
Gay: a person who is attracted to people of the same gender identity as themselves (e.g. you identify as male and are attracted to those who identify as male).
Lesbian: a person who identifies as female who is atracted to others who identify as female. Some people prefer to refer to themselves as 'gay'.
Bisexual or bi: a person who is attracted to more than one gender identity.
Pansexual or pan: a person who feels sexual attraction to a person's personality, regardless of their gender identity.
Asexual or ace – a person who experiences little or no sexual attraction. They may seek emotionally intimate relationships, but do not consider sex as a vital part of experiencing attraction to a person.
Heterosexual or straight: a person who identifies as male or female and is only attracted to the opposite gender (e.g. you identify as female and are attracted to those who identify as male). This includes trans men and women.
The list above refers to just a few of the more commonly used labels - there are many other ways that you can define your sexuality, or not if you prefer. Sexuality is different for everyone, so it's OK if none of these labels feel right for you or you find your sexuality changes over time.
You can find more information about sexuality and ways to identify here.
Is it 'normal' to feel this way?
Hear from others about their experiences with exploring gender identity and sexuality, and find where to find support.
Am I 'normal'?
Some of us may feel it's important to be 'normal' or accepted within our society or community. However, the concept of 'normal' has constantly changed throughout history; societal 'norms' have adapted as our world has developed, so there is no fixed definition of how to be 'normal'.
Questioning your identity allows you to explore who you are, what makes you happy, and how you can be authentically you. We all experience gender identity and sexuality in different ways, and there's no right or wrong way to do this.
Gender identity and sexuality is on a spectrum; some will identify with labels such as 'lesbian' or 'transgender', while others will have a more fluid relationship with their identity and prefer not to use specific terms. No matter how you identify, you deserve love, acceptance, and happiness in your life.
Scroll down to hear from other people about their experiences around gender identity and sexuality.
You are not alone...
Hear from other people about their experience of exploring their gender identity or sexuality, and what helped them with this.
Where to find support
It can be difficult to talk about gender identity and sexuality; some of us may not feel comfortable discussing this with family members or other prominent people in our lives, for a number of reasons.
If you're not sure who to talk to, there is a wide range of services that offer support such as counselling, support groups, and legal advice if you have experienced discrimination.
Here is a list of some services that may be helpful:
MindOut – LGBTQ+ information, advice, and support for people in Brighton & Hove
LGBT Switchboard - providing LGBTQ information, community, and support, as well as where to find other relevant services in Brighton & Hove and beyond.
The Clare Project – Transgender support and social groups
Terrence Higgins Trust – Sexual Health support, information, and advice in Brighton & Hove
LGBT Foundation – Hate Crime Reporting and Support
Citizens Advice – Types of discrimination explained
True Vision – Report if you have experienced or witnessed a sexual orientation or transgender hate crime
You can search for other services in your local area here.
How can I look after my mental health?
We have put together a few useful resources on how to look after your mental health when questioning your identity.
Talk to someone you trust
Keeping your identity hidden can feel isolating, and this could lead to a loss in confidence or feeling low.
Speaking to someone we trust can help to feel more connected with others and allows us to explore our identity more freely. You may feel more comfortable speaking to someone over the phone or online rather than face-to-face, or you could try writing a letter if this feels safer for you.
However, you do not have to share your identity if you are not ready. The process of 'coming out' refers to when a person discloses about their gender identity or sexuality, and this experience is different for everyone. There is no right or wrong time, age, or way to come out; it's your decision based on what feels best for you.
Some of us may not feel comfortable disclosing to the people around us, and that's OK. If you'd like to speak to someone outside of your personal life, there are many services that can provide you with the support you need. For more information, click here.
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Being unsure about your identity, or knowing your identity but not feeling accepted, can feel lonely or even frightening at times. However, many people feel this way; finding a community where you feel understood and accepted can help you to get support and build self-confidence.
There are many forms of online support, including Facebook groups, online chat rooms and forums where you can connect with others with similar experiences. If you'd prefer to find support in person, you could look into accessing a local safe space for people who are questioning their identity, joining local support groups, or perhaps an LGBTQ+ staff network at your workplace.
Some people may prefer to speak to someone they don't know, and who they won't face in their usual day-to-day life. This can be a way of ensuring information doesn't reach people you know before you are ready, and there are many services offering confidential support. You can search for services in Sussex here or use the Stonewall 'What's In My Area' search tool to find nationwide services.
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Discrimination based on our actual or perceived gender or sexual identity can occur in any aspect of day-to-day life, including from strangers, at home, at our place of work, or even when accessing healthcare.
This kind of discrimination can be described as bullying, homophobia, or transphobia, and can have a significant impact on our mental wellbeing.
Bullying and discriminatory behaviours can include:
A person continuously excluding or isolating you
A person threatening you or referring to you in offensive ways (e.g. using homophobia or transphobic slurs)
A person physically hurting you
A person denying you opportunities at work
Someone withholding access to services you may require
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Know your rights (continued)
It is illegal for organisations to discriminate based on a person's gender or sexual identity, and you can find further information about taking steps against this here.
When a person is targeted in a crime or incident because of their actual or perceived gender or sexual identity, this is a hate crime. Hate crimes are illegal and it's important to report a hate crime if you experience or witness this. Find more information on the True Vision website.
If you or someone in your household (e.g. your child) is experiencing discrimination from someone you are related to or in a relationship with, this is domestic abuse. You can find further support and advice here.
Prioritise self-care
At times it may feel like we are alone and unloved, but we are ALL deserving of love and care, no matter how we identify.
Being kind to yourself may be difficult at first, but practising self-care every day will make this easier over time and can help to build your self-esteem. Self-care doesn't have to be something elaborate; it can be as simple as saying, "I am worthy of love" or, "it's OK to question who I am" to yourself.
Other ways that you can practise self-care could be:
Spending quality time with people you feel comfortable with
Listening to your favourite music or podcast
Trying a new recipe or cooking your favourite dish
Getting some fresh air and spending time outdoors
Practising meditation or mindfulness techniques
Reading a book or doing something creative
Reaching out for help and speaking to someone about your feelings
Remember: it's OK to feel how you're feeling. Be kind to yourself and go at your own pace.
Struggling with your identity, is not a mental health condition in itself, but can affect your mental health. It can be confusing, frightening, and isolating.
It's important to speak to your GP if you are feeling very low or anxious, particularly if you feel this way all the time.
Alongside support from a service, it can be really helpful to speak to someone you trust to ensure you have support in your day-to-day life.
If you'd like to find a service offering support around your gender or sexual identity, MindOut is a good place to start. You can find more mental health services in your local area here.
Related feelings...
Are you struggling with loneliness or feeling isolated? Discover tips, advice, stories from other people, and professional services that can help you cope with feeling lonely.
Low Mood and Depression
Are you struggling with low mood or depression? Find out more information and how to help yourself and where to find professional support.
Racism and Mental Health
The Black Lives Matter movement has highlighted the impact of racism on mental health, and the effects are ongoing. Read on for information, advice, and where to find support.
Do you want to talk to someone?