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Ex-ante Impact Assessment Unit Directorate for Impact Assessment and European Added Value 9 October 2013.
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Presentation on theme: "Ex-ante Impact Assessment Unit Directorate for Impact Assessment and European Added Value 9 October 2013."— Presentation transcript:
1 Ex-ante Impact Assessment Unit Directorate for Impact Assessment and European Added Value
2 The Directorate for Impact Assessment and European Added Value
Lisbon Treaty (2009): European Parliament becomes co-legislator with the Council Greater scrutiny of implementation of EU Law EP committment to Better Law-Making in the EU: interest in ex-ante and ex-post scrutiny Creation of new Directorate for Impact Assessment and European Added Value in 2012 Background to the creation of the Directorate for Impact Assessment and European Added Value With the adoption of the Lisbon Treaty, the Parliament became in effect a joint legislature with the Council in most policy fields. With co-decision' between Council and Parliament being the new norm, the Parliament has become a much more serious force in law-making and is naturally taking a growing interest in how and why legislative proposals are put forward by the Commission and in scrutinising in greater detail how EU laws, once adopted, are implemented and applied in practice. The Parliament's general commitment to Better Law-Making in the European Union - first seen in its active role in pushing for an inter-institutional agreement on the subject a decade ago - reflects itself in a growing desire to look both 'up-stream' and 'down-steam' in the legislative process - focussing perhaps more than in the past on the quality of, and rationale for, any proposal, and on the quality and effectiveness of policy in action. These are, if you like, the ex ante and ex post sides of scrutiny, oversight and evaluation work. The creation of a new Directorate for Impact Assessment and European Added Value within the Parliament's administration - located in DG IPOL (the Directorate-General for Internal Policies) but serving all the parliamentary committees - reflects this Better Law-Making philosophy. It helps us as an institution to move more 'upstream' in the whole EU policy process, getting ahead of the curve.
3 Creation of the Impact Assessment Unit (IMPA)
The Impact Assessment (IA) unit was established in early 2012 as part of the EP's new Directorate for Impact Assessment and European Added Value. Chronology: EP resolution of 8 June 2011 on guaranteeing independent impact assessments (Niebler report) calls for the "creation of an autonomous impact assessment structure for the European Parliament". Decision of the Bureau of 4 July 2011 to create a Directorate for Impact Assessment. The Parliament has long pressed for every significant EU legislative proposal to be accompanied by an impact assessment (IA). This is now largely happening: the Commission produces about 75 IAs in an average year and some of them are several hundred pages long. They deal with the rationale for the proposal ('problem-definition'), the legal base and choice of instrument, the advantages and disadvantages of competing policy options, and the potential costs and benefits of the various options, notably of course the option chosen. The EP has traditionally wanted an independent IA capability, separate to the Commission, but this has proved politically impossible. So decided to establish a tailored service, to suit EP's needs, in house. Following the Niebler report on the impact assessment process in 2011 which called for the "creation of an autonomous impact assessment structure for the European Parliament », the Parliament's Bureau decided that the institution should have at its disposal a stronger internal capacity specifically in the fields of both impact assessment and European added value. The new directorate was established in January 2012 in order to bring together a number of existing services and also develop a range of new services in these fields. It has parallel units for impact assessment and European added value.
4 What does IMPA do? It helps committees scrutinise the quality, completeness and independence of Commission Impact Assessments. How? Through an entirely new service: Initial appraisals of European Commission IAs Systematic analysis of all incoming IAs Identification of their strengths and weaknesses 4-8 pages Around 45 produced to date Committees can decide course of action To help committees scrutinise the quality, completeness and independence of Commission IAs, the new Impact Assessment Unit (within the new Directorate for Impact Assessment and Added Value), headed by Elke Ballon, now systematically analyses all incoming IAs and identifies their methodological (and other) strengths and weaknesses. It produces initial appraisals - usually four to eight pages long - which seek to determine whether the methodological criteria set out in the Commission's impact assessment guidelines are met, and identify any other obvious strengths and weaknesses of the Commission's IAs, so that the parliamentary committees are better able to decide, very early on, exactly how they wish to proceed. That's something entirely new. We started this process last autumn and we have so far done about 45 initial appraisals: there are normally 70 to 80 IAs from the Commission each year. We are at the height of the five-yearly legislative cycle at the moment. On the basis of these 'initial appraisals', the committees can then decide whether they want to take up certain issues with the Commission and/or ask the Impact Assessment unit to undertake further work, like more detailed appraisals - as the Legal Affairs Committee has recently done on auditing standards and the proposed Common European Sales Law - or ask for substitute or complementary IAs - as the Civil Liberties Committee has done on the non-discrimination directive currently blocked in Council and the Environment Committee has recently done on a directive relating to honey.
5 Other services provided by IMPA
On the basis of these 'initial appraisals', committees can: take up certain issues with the Commission; ask IMPA to undertake further work, in the form of Detailed appraisals of Commission IAs Example: the Legal Affairs Committee recently asked for a Detailed appraisal of the proposed Common European Sales Law; ask for Substitute or Complementary IAs Example: the Environment Committee has recently requested a Subsitute impact assessment on a directive relating to honey. Committees may also request IAs on the amendments they propose. These are commissioned by IMPA from external experts. Example: Recent assessment of the potential impact on SMEs of 18 EP amendments to two proposed Public Procurement directives. On the basis of these 'initial appraisals', the committees can then decide whether they want to take up certain issues with the Commission and/or ask the Impact Assessment unit to undertake further work, like more detailed appraisals - as the Legal Affairs Committee has recently done on auditing standards and the proposed Common European Sales Law - or ask for substitute or complementary IAs - as the Civil Liberties Committee has done on the non-discrimination directive currently blocked in Council and the Environment Committee has recently done on a directive relating to honey. These new services are in addition to the existing right of committees, dating back to the mid-2000s, to have IAs conducted on their own proposed EP amendments. The Impact Assessment Unit is responsible for the provision of these impact assessments, which are to be carried out by outside experts. The Internal Market Committee did it last year on safety features for two-wheeled and three-wheeled vehicles and this year on the potential impact of amendments to two Public Purchasing directives on SMEs, whilst the Environment Committee has recently asked the Impact Assessment Unit to provide an IA on an important amendment to the Commission's ship recycling proposal, and the Civil Liberties Committee has requested IAs on some of the Parliament's amendments to the non-discrimination directive.
6 Summary of services provided by IMPA
Initial appraisals of European Commission Impact Assessments Detailed appraisals of Commission IAs Substitute or complementary IAs Impact assessments on substantive EP amendments With the exception of initial appraisals, which are produced systematically, any other work from the Impact Assessment Unit requires a formal request from the Committee responsible on the basis of a decision by its coordinators. In any event, with the exception of initial appraisals, which are produced systematically, in accordance with the EP impact assessment handbook, any other work from the Impact Assessment Unit in the form of detailed appraisals of Commission IAs, substitute or complementary IAs or impact assessments on one or more specific substantive amendments requires a formal request from the Committee responsible on the basis of a decision by the coordinators. The Impact Assessment Unit became fully operational last summer and has already done about 50 pieces of work in the above fields, all of which are put on the Parliament's website.
7 Quality criteria for Impact Assessments
EP criteria to measure the quality of Impact Assessments: Transparent and targeted public consultations involving regional and local authorities; Proper justification of selected options (principles of subsidiarity and proportionality); Balanced analysis of economic, social and environmental impacts; Impact on: budgetary and MFF obligations, administrative burdens, competitiveness, SMEs (SME test), internal market freedoms (internal market test), vulnerable social groups (social benchmarking) and third countries. The Parliament, in its resolutions, has defined a certain number of quality criteria for impact assessments, such as transparent and targeted public consultations, involving regional and local authorities; proper justification of the options selected in the light of the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality; a balanced analysis of the impact on the economic, social and environmental pillars and on public health, respect for and impact on budgetary and MFF obligations; impact on SMEs (the so-called 'SME test'), impact in terms of administrative burdens, impact in terms of competitiveness, impact on the four freedoms of the internal market ('internal market test'), impact outside the Union, impact on vulnerable social groups (social benchmarking), gender equality; etc. The Impact Assessment Unit checks whether the Commission's impact assessment meets, firstly, the standards which the Commission has laid down in its internal guidelines and, secondly, the quality criteria which Parliament has defined in its resolutions.
8 The territorial dimension
Examples of IAs treated by IMPA where the regional or territorial dimension was important: EC proposal on Manufacture, presentation and sale of tobacco and related products: "The Commission could have been more explicit about regional consequences, by considering territorial impacts regarding tobacco production and manufacturing"; EC Fourth railway package proposal: "Notes on indirect economic impacts cover the aspects of innovation, macro-economic growth, regional impacts, relations with third countries and SMEs outside rail, but the results are not included in the comparative table of economic impacts"; EC proposal on Deep-sea stocks which has an impact on a limited number of countries and regions active in deep-sea fishing; One of the recurring criticisms in initial appraisals is that the IAs often do not identify precisely which Member States and regions will be the most affected by different policy options. In its initial appraisals, it has on several occasions indicated the absence of an assessment of the impacts at the regional level or at specific Member State level. For example: this was the case in the initial appraisal on the proposal on deep-sea stocks which has an impact on a limited number of countries and regions active in deep-sea fishing, proposal relating to the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment. One of the recurring criticisms in our initial appraisals is that the IAs often do not identify precisely which Member States will be the most affected and do not usually include a differentiated assessment of implementation costs across Member States
9 Inclusion of the regional dimension
Few Commission Impact Assessments up to now include an explicit assessment of the territorial dimension of proposals, often because of lack of data. This could change due to: Publication by the Commission of territorial impact assessment guidelines (2013) giving important guidance on relevant modelling and methodological techniques; Progress made in data collection through programmes such as ESPON. IMPA will continue to scrutinise the Commission's IAs bearing in mind the territorial and regional dimensions. Generally speaking, only a few of the Impact Assessments examined so far by the Impact Assessment Unit included an explicit assessment of the territorial dimension of a proposal. The lack of data is one of the reasons most frequently put forth by the European Commission for not being able to undertake a fully fletched territorial impact assessment. With the publication by the Commission of the territorial impact assessment guidelines in January 2013, which give important guidance to policy makers and practicioners on the relevant modelling and methodological techniques available, and the progress made in data collection through programmes such as ESPON, this situation is likely to change as territorial impact assessment will be better apprehended. The impact assessment unit will continue to scrutinise the Commission's IAs bearing in mind the territorial and regional dimensions in light of the new Commission guidelines in this field and will continue to provide assistance to the parliamentary committees should they request territorial impact assessments to be conducted.
10 European Added Value EAVA services
In parallel to IMPA, we have a European Added Value Unit (EAVA) that helps Parliament identify areas where common European action or better coordination of existing national and European policies would be cost-effective or would help realise collective 'public goods'. EAVA services European Added Value Assessments Cost of Non-Europe reports Added value of existing EU policies Just as impact assessment relates to how the Commission uses its 'right of initiative', so too does the question of the future added value of Union-level action. So, in parallel to the Impact Assessment Unit, we have a European Added Value Unit, headed by Joe Dunne. It strengthens the ability of the Parliament to identify where common European action or better coordination of existing national and European policies can be more cost-effective or help realise collective 'public goods' that would otherwise never happen. The European Added Value Unit helps committees identify general areas of policy where new action at EU level could be beneficial and then supports them when they propose specific 'legislative initiatives' in such fields. European Added Value assessments Whenever the Parliament uses its new right under Article 225 TFEU, introduced by the Lisbon Treaty, to propose 'legislative initiative reports' to the Commission, we are now routinely attaching a 'European Added Value Assessment', which distills and presents the best possible technical arguments for the initiative in question. Five of such EAVAs have already been done for the Legal Affairs, Internal Market and Employment Committees, covering Law of Administrative Procedure, 14th Company Law Directive, Statute for a European Mutual Society, governance of the Single Market and information and consultation of workers in restructuring. They should help ensure that the Parliament's requests are taken increasingly seriously by the Commission. There is some evidence of this already happening. You may see the cumulative effect in the hearings for new Commissioners after next year's European elections.
11 European Added Value services
Parliament has the right to propose legislative initiatives to the Commission: these are now accompanied by a European Added Value Assessment, which presents the best possible arguments for the initiative in question. EAVA also produces Cost of Non-Europe reports (CoNE)on policy areas where stronger EU-level action could be beneficial. Today, too many of our citizens have forgotten or do not see the positive benefits of existing EU action. In many areas, Europe is seen just as an added cost. EAVA not only researches the potential benefit of future action, but also the added value of current policies on the ground. We also have the possibility of doing 'Cost of Non-Europe' reports on policy areas where stronger EU-level action could be beneficial. The Development Committee has already commissioned one on how to improve the interaction between European and national development policies, where there may be potential savings of billions of euros. We are doing CONEs for the Industry and Energy Committee on gaps in the European energy market, the Transport Committee on gaps in SM in transport, and the Internal Market Committee on gaps in the SM more generally. The idea of there being a 'cost of non-Europe' was first pioneered here in the European Parliament in the early 1980s - through the Albert-Ball Report that paved the way for the relaunch of the single market by Commission President Jacques Delors. In recent years, the Parliament has asked the Commission revisit this concept and to take it much more seriously, and we ourselves are now taking it more seriously too. Today, too many of our citizens have forgotten or do not see the positive benefits of existing EU action and in many areas, Europe is seen just as an added cost. So the European Added Value Unit will not only research the potential benefit of future action, but the actual added value of current policies on the ground.
12 Conclusion IMPA and EAVA work is important both now and as we prepare for the European elections of 2014: MEPs want to be able to show that the EU can make - and is making - a positive difference for the citizen. When the new Commission comes into office in 2014, the Parliament will be in a much stronger position to justify its policy initiatives, as a lot of the advance research and analysis will already have been done. Impact Assessment work contributes to improved output from Commission DGs and European Added Value work strengthens the Parliament's case when using its right of initiative. This work is important both now and as we prepare for Our Members want to be able to show that the European Union can make - and is making - a positive difference for the citizen. And when the new Commission President and his or her team come into office after the next European elections, the Parliament will be in a much stronger position to justify the future policy initiatives it then wants, because a lot of the advance research and analysis will already have been done. The reaction of the European Commission to this process has so far been generally positive. At the heart of the European Commission, in the President's office and the secretariat-general, policy-makers have recently been adopting more of a joined-up, 'policy cycle' approach - seeing the initiation, enactment, implementation and evaluation of legislation as a circle or loop. On impact assessment, the Parliament is pushing in essentially the same direction as the Commission officials at the centre who coordinate IA work across all the directorates-general - in favour of higher quality in the standard and greater consistency in the methodology brought to bear in drafting IAs. Both the Commission's own Impact Assessment Board - their important internal quality-control mechanism - and the Parliament's committees have a common interest in the individual DGs upping their game. On the added value side, the principal purpose of our work is to strengthen the Parliament's case when it invites the Commission to use its right of initiative. Hopefully, the reports and assessments we are drafting for parliamentary committees will lead to a higher level of policy ambition in the Commission in these areas. However, if the Commission still refuses a request from the Parliament, at least they will now have to give a more coherent and convincing account of why they are saying 'no'. The fact that the Commission will be in receipt of say a 50-page European Added Value Assessment, accompanied by several detailed research papers, should help focus minds and take the argument to a new level.
13 Developments New Ex-post Impact Assessment Unit
Revision of EP handbook on impact assessment New Parliament in 2014
Download ppt "Ex-ante Impact Assessment Unit Directorate for Impact Assessment and European Added Value 9 October 2013."
EU BETTER REGULATION Maria Carim, 10 February 2009.
1 Commission Open Data Strategy & funding possibilities thematic networks Katarzyna Janicka-Pawlowska Legal officer, European Commission LAPSI Public.
Regional Policy EUROPEAN COMMISSION 1 EGTC regulation EGTC regulation ESF and EGTC regulations Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council.
Theory-Based Evaluation:
Implications for the Regions EU-Regional Policy 1 Governance White Paper Introduction Adoption of White Paper on European Governance, July 25, 2001 Aim:
1 Introducing Multi-Level Government in the EUs Better Regulation Agenda Werner Stengg European Commission; DG Internal Market and Services; Impact Assessment,
The Implementation Structure DG AGRI, October 2005
Minimizing regulatory burden for SMEs Marianne Klingbeil Deputy Secretary General, European Commission Meeting of the HLG, 19 September 2013.
Role of National Parliaments
Markku Markkula Towards the 2012 Annual Growth Survey: Reviewing progress of Territorial Pacts between regions, cities and national governments to implement.
Administrative burden in Impact Assessments for Commission proposals November 2012 – February 2013 Dr. Marianne Klingbeil Deputy Secretary General European.
Smart regulation communication HLG AB, 7 December 2010
1 SG C Smart Regulation: Regulatory Fitness High Level Group on Administrative Burden 17 October 2013 Elizabeth Golberg, Secretariat-General, European.
1 European Union Regional Policy – Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion Commissions proposal for incentives and conditionality in Open Days.
Options appraisal, the business case & procurement
European Commission Enterprise and Industry # European Standardisation: Proposal for a Regulation Presentation to IMCO – 5 October 2011 European Commission.
Christina Skantze. Baltic Sea Strategy initiative – why? New political context for cooperation – EU-enlargement, integration Underline priorities and.
Rule-Making Book II EU Administrative Procedures – The ReNEUAL Draft Model Rules 2014 Brussels, May th Herwig C.H. Hofmann University of Luxembourg.
EU economic governance: what role for European regions? "Strengthening the role of regional parliaments in EU affairs" Committee of the Regions 2 July.
EU SME policy The "Small Business Act" for Europe and its Review


Fred has been in the software industry for 15 years. He spends most of his time helping customers adopt Cloud-Native architectures using Big Data, Fast Data, and Machine Learning. He can also occasionally be found climbing the CA mountains on his road bike or diving with sharks. Ex-VMware, Red Hat, IBM, Ericsson and HP.


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Just Refiners USA, Inc. conference room is used for video and written safety training as well as meetings with a state of the art projection system and conference phone. It can easily accommodate 16 persons with additional seating for up 15 more. Please enjoy the "Lion Wall" when visiting.


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Carew Ellington Age, Height, Wiki, Bio, Net Worth, Girlfriend & More
Published on: June 18, 2021 by not
Carew Ellington is an America-based Tiktok star & social media influencer. He got famous on the social media app Tiktok. On the platform, he has earned over four million followers so far. Read more to know about his age, height, wiki, bio, net worth, girlfriend, weight, family, ethnicity & more.
Carew Ellington Wiki
Carew Ellington was born in an American family on 26 June 2002 in Paducah, Kentucky, USA. His zodiac sign is Cancer. He completed his schooling at McCracken County High School & graduated as well. However, he hasn't revealed much about his higher studies.
His ethnicity is mixed. However, he hasn't shared any details about his parents yet. Coming to details about his siblings, he has a sister named Abby Ellington who has appeared on his Instagram profile. His marital status is unmarried & he is currently single.
Real Name Carew Ellington
Nickname Carew
Profession Tiktok star & Social media influencer
Date of Birth 26 June 2002
Birthplace Paducah, Kentucky, USA
Hometown Paducah, Kentucky, USA
Famous For Tiktoks
Carew Ellington's age is 19 as of 2021. His height is 6 feet 1 inch & weighs around 68 kg. He has blonde hair & brown eyes. His shoe size is 10 (US) while his body measurements are unknown.
Read: Francis Karel Age, Height, Wiki, Biography, Girlfriend, Net Worth & More
A post shared by Carew Ellington (@carewellington)
Carew Ellington Career
Carew launched his Tiktok account last year under the username carew_ellington. On this account, he usually uploads comedy skits & lip-sync videos. Unlike other social media influencers, his first Tiktok video went viral & got more than a million views. So, his Tiktok journey was smooth from the beginning itself. Currently, he has over 4.1 million followers with 200 million total hearts.
After Tiktok fame, he started a self-titled YouTube channel on 30 October 2020. So far, he has posted only four videos & his videos are usually vlogs. Also after the recent launch of YouTube shorts, he began uploading short videos on his YouTube channel as well. Currently, he has over 24k subscribers with 64k total video views.
He is an animal lover especially dogs & has a pet dog named Nalu.
His net worth is $175,000 (estimated). His major sources of income are sponsorships, clothing line, etc.
He is a very athletic person & took part in sporting events during high school.
His Snapchat username is carewellington.
He joined Instagram in 2016 & earned over 185k followers till now.
He started his own clothing line named RewThreadz. On the website, one can buy shirts, shorts, sweatshirts, etc. Also, he donates a percentage of his profit to animal shelter companies.
That's it. This is the latest information about Carew Ellington. Check out WikiofCelebs.com for more wikis and biographies. Share this article with your friends if you found this helpful.
Ella Meloche Age, Height, Wiki, Bio, Net Worth, Boyfriend & More
Lexi Hidalgo Age, Height, Wiki, Bio, Net Worth, Boyfriend & More

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If you have or plan to have a beard, you should consider the option of a male fun facts about beards. Also you need to know that there are many nuances in caring for a fun facts about beards, if you certainly want that it would look just like in the photo above.
To achieve a fun facts about beards as in the photo you will need a lot of time, effort and endurance. After all, a mans beard is more difficult to care for than a womans hair. The mans beard is served daily. Also, the beard is much more sensitive to changing the environment and simple household detergents.
How to care for a fun facts about beards?
3. To achieve the ideal shape of the fun facts about beards, you need to cut it with special scissors weekly.


This is completely different to the charcoal mask I reviewed last week. If you have dry skin like mine especially in the winter months, this is a wonderful mask to use. The first time I purchased this was when Glossier had a pop up in London some time ago. The lady shared with me that I could put a thin layer on and sleep in it and I have been doing just that. But you can use it like a regular mask so lay it on your face like the lady in this tub and leave on for 20mins.
It leaves your face so dewy and well moisturised. My skin is nourished and dry no more. Glossier does not lie when it says it is hydrating, and comforting. It doesn't have a strong scent and no tightening feeling. I recommend this product especially if you have dry skin. It should be a staple in your bathroom cabinet.
VB has a You Tube channel and Fashion Rootle lives for it. After an amazing show at London Fashion Week last month, episode one has been uploaded at 6mins long and it is great to see the run up to the show and processes involved.
Beauty Review of the Week – Body Shop Himalayan Charcoal Mask at £17.
It is a bit steep for a mask but it comes in a good sized glass jar and will last ages. I am really impressed, it is quite thick to apply but once it is on, it dries quickly and gets to work fast, and you feel a sense of tightening.
I leave it on for about 10 mins and then wash it off with a soaked face cloth flannel. This is the pampering of masks, it is to be applied when you have some time in the evening, don't rush it. My face always feels really clean. I have dry skin so always follow with a moisturiser before bed.
With the leopard print trend in full swing, I own one leopard print dress, and it's not a proper dress it's one of those flimsy maxi dresses that H&M have in their basic section I bought a while ago.
When a trend comes and bites you in the face like the leopard print, it is everywhere! It is a hard print to pull off, you don't want to end up looking cheap, or even worse like Pat Butcher from Eastenders. The print speaks volumes, it's 'hey I'm here, and I'm coming to get ya' or ' move out of my way, I'm coming through'. It's bolshy, it's confidence, it's fierce.
Kendal Jenner, in her slip and jacket teamed with black boots.
or Lady Gaga rocking a Gareth Pugh with exaggerated shoulders, arms, everything.
Who else is getting fed up with wearing white trainers with everything? I have practically worn them from spring, with almost all my outfits, including the pretty dresses.
The trend was wonderful but it's time to hang up the trainers and go back to wearing shoes. I've actually slightly got accustomed to the comfort so much that I wore my ankle boots to work and my god I've forgotten how to walk.
People now wear trainers/sneakers more for fashion than doing sport, fashionista's were rocking their Stan Smiths with their Stella dresses, or those platform 90's block trainers that the youth are wearing with their crop tops.
I wore trainers as a last option until this year where it's now been a go to for my entire wardrobe.
It's going to be difficult to transition back to shoes but I feel it's time.
I am one of those people who for some reason has never been a big water drinker. I'm not really a fan of fizzy drinks or fruit juice, I am just obsessed with tea and coffee. However, eventually your body will cry out from the pressures of the lack of water. I usually have 500ml a day on average – and decided with my aching joints and fatigue I needed to change.
Did you know; Every cell, tissue, and organ in your body needs water to work properly. For example, your body uses water to maintain its temperature, remove waste, and lubricate your joints.
I started drinking 500ml more a day, and I didn't particularly notice much difference, after a week I increased it to 1.5litres and day and noticed a significant difference to my overall health. I started substituting my caffeine drinks to water, otherwise I wouldn't be able to hit my target. I felt like superwoman. I was less cranky, I woke up with alot more energy, it was quite shocking that for all these years I woke up so sluggish and instantly went for a coffee. I started placing a bottle of water or glass on my beside table to up my target, I know, obsessed.
Get on the water people…preferably in a reusable.
Oh it's that dreaded time of year again, the changing of the season. Mornings are dark and colder and you just want to keep cosy.
This also means updating your wardrobe, well I despair because I only do spring and summer, yes, I am aware I live in England but I'll never get used to this. So, on repeat this is when I start shopping for some updated autumn/winter pieces and end up being in a changing room somewhere seething at the ridiculousness of the jumpers and cardigans that are out this year. I have sussed it out and I've realised I find it difficult to style, when you have 4 layers on, bulky boots, tights, a hat, scarf and trying to deal with the fact it's so cold you actually couldn't give 2 hoots what you are wearing, you just want to be warm.
Summer attire is by far so much easier, sandals, a dress, some cool sunnies and you are winning. Give me summer over winter any day.
With the weather turning hot again, I know having my hair down is an absolute no. Your hair has to be out of your face and preferably as tight as possible, otherwise it makes you feel even hotter and there is nothing more annoying than a sweaty neck.
I found some inspiring hairstyles that will keep you cool in the summer. Tie it tightly with a scarf, put it in bunches, or up high in a half bun. You can even find that sweatband you wear to the gym and use it to create a cute style that compliments work or play. Perfect, bring on the sunshine.
Source of images; Vogue UK, Elle UK, L'Oreal official.
I have been one of those people who is rarely late for anything, meeting friends, interviews, trains, flights, you name it. However I think I've sacrificed looking my best. Don't get me wrong, I don't think anyone aims to be high maintenance, well at least I hope not but I think I might considerate this. Are you like me? It doesn't take you long to put your make-up on and get ready, but when you step out the door and you happen to catch your reflection, you think oh my word! It's like a cycle of pure dissatisfaction. I mean my main moan is my hair, an absolute effort. For make-up it takes me 5 mins and just have the standard black eyeliner and mascara if I can be bothered. People sitting there contouring and owning a suitcase or drawers full of make up.
How does someone like that change you ask? well, with great difficulty. I am baffled to know how these women do it, I worked with a lovely girl once who took many trips to the toilet, not because she had bowel problems, but to check her face. I mean that takes a lot of commitment, commitment that may waver for me. It's so time consuming but dedicating some time to look your best can't be a bad thing. Just think how much time you waste scrolling Instagram, that time can be used to buff up your nails, give your feet a soak, blow dry your hair, you get the gist.
If I weigh up the option of the amount of work I have to put in to look good, and the dissatisfaction of looking at my reflection – a change is needed, because if it plays on your mind that much then it must be a positive thing to do it.
I am not talking fake nails, hair extensions, kind of high maintenance. I am talking about looking after yourself. So for example, manicures, pedicures, hair cuts, facials etc. Time is the biggest factor here, juggling a part time job along with my 3 year old. It's time to sort it out, somehow.


[vc_row][vc_column width="1/1″][vc_column_text]Hida and Jason have been together for 10 wonderful years. They decided to held their wedding at the Trump International Golf Club in Puerto Rico. The modern Clubhouse with the spectacular Rainforest view seemed like the perfect venue for their intimate wedding. The ceremony was perfect, and culminated with a very joyous Mazel Tov! The wedding, coordinated by Momentus Special Events and More, was so charming. The decor by Gadiel Valentin created the perfect ambiance for this delightful crowd.


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During the 'make love not war' years, futons were very popular among hippies, and a long-haired Dan Greer was studying in college to the tunes of the Beatles. Things are different now: futons have a different status and Greer's hair a new length.
Greer, the vice president of FBG sales in Chicago laughs when he thinks about it. He still listens to the same music, but his hair is shorter. Except that now he's working for one of the biggest producers of metal beds in the country.
Gone are the days where futons were seen as items of the counterculture. Nowadays, futons are more popular than ever as a mainstream product.
This month the company's efforts go towards their new futon collection, with the help of Greer. The first place to test the idea is sleep stores that already started trying to develop this sector.
FBG got many requests from dealers to produce a new collection of futons for their stores. These dealers are experts in day beds and double solutions, so they know all it takes to have quality sleep. Greer says, since FBG is a division of the company Leggett & Platt, they have all the resources available, a base for distribution, and in Chicago, a huge warehouse filled with products ready to sell.
As Joe Geiger, President of FBG, explains, the futon adventure is exciting because it brings some variety to the company. Geiger was, in times, president of the company Dresher, that merged with FBG in the year of 1992. In 1994, Geiger took control of FBG after the leadership of John Elting. Elting left the company in order to create his own furniture business.
As Geiger continues to explain, the company has a constant thirst for more products that can be sold to the same customer. Even though benches and nightstands are good, futons can bring amazing potential to the business.
With the new wood-based futon collection, the company expresses its inspiration and drive from their best-selling beds. There are four names for the new futons: Surrey, Monticello, Jamestown, and Shiloh. Their price range will vary from $249 up to $429, and also includes a mattress.
By Greer's words, wood was a very natural step for the brand. Their gateway to the futon market was metal, but most of the futons sold have wood structures. They knew the company had to follow the trend, but only with a different furniture-style.
FGB imports a lot of material but also has wonderful connections to the local wood producers. These ties are possible because of the mother company, Leggett & Platt, since these producers belong to their divisions.
The company took the decision of going completely local without outside resourcing for this specific line. All the products will be produced in Leggett & Platt factories, which brings benefits like pricing, quality, and delivery control.
For the metal collection, black is still the favorite, but the sales for their weathered putty also went very well. It's the second favorite color after white, and pebble green is soon to be released to take the fourth place.
To Greer, this collection of wood-based futons will be a perfect mirror of the business. Oak, pine, and cherry are wise bets: Pine is one of the most promotional woods, but cherry is long-lasting. So, this year, the company makes an effort to perfect mahogany and cherry finishes for their furniture.
Even though FBG is visionary about making futons a high-quality piece of furniture, we can't state the same for retailers that are slowly picking up on the trend.
Not all retailers though. Stores specialized in mattresses already cherish the futon.
Greer explains that for these stores it's easier to understand the concept of progressive sales. They have dedicated, trained staff to help customers find their perfect solution. These salespeople are also experts in upgrading sales, so these kinds of stores are always trying to discover the next big hit in order to attract customers and publicity.
The difference will be set by mass merchants: they are the ones always looking for the lowest prices possible. A customer that is looking for high-end furniture will most likely visit a specialty store or legit furniture stores, to find the best styles and quality.
Last edited by henryblack on Wed Apr 03, 2019 9:21 am, edited 1 time in total.
Add a ChartMouseListener to your ChartPanel and examine the ChartEntity associated with the ChartMouseEvent.


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Colored Troops Pictures
Freedom for Themselves: North Carolina's Black Soldiers in the Civil War Era
The processes by which black men enlisted and were trained, the history of each regiment, the lives of the soldiers' families during the war, and the experiences of the colored veterans and their families living in an ex-Confederate state
A Grand Army of Black Men: Letters from African-American Soldiers in the Union Army 1861-1865
Almost 200,000 African-American soldiers fought for the Union in the Civil War. Although most were illiterate ex-slaves, several thousand were well educated, free black men from the northern states
The Black Civil War Soldiers of Illinois: The Story of the Twenty-Ninth U.S. Colored Infantry
Study in the lives of black recruits in the Civil War era, and a journey into the hinterlands of an American racial pathos. Throughout this study, Miller explores in detail the biographies of individual soldiers, revealing their often convoluted histories
Standing Soldiers, Kneeling Slaves
The United States of America originated as a slave society, holding millions of Africans and their descendants in bondage, and remained so until a civil war took the lives of a half million soldiers, some once slaves themselves.
This circa. 1883 lithograph depicts not only African American leaders during Reconstruction, but also forebears who had distinguished themselves in earlier years of American history, such as Richard Allen, founding pastor and bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. Also pictured are Frederick Douglass, Robert Brown Elliot, Blanche K. Bruce, William Wells Brown, Richard T. Greener, Josiah H. Rainey, Ebenezer D. Bassett, John Mercer Langston, P.B.S. Pinchback, and Henry Highland Garnett. These men served in a variety of positions, as government officials, politicians, ministers, educators, diplomats, lawyers, and businessmen.
Bomb-proof quarters of Major Strong at Dutch Gap, Virginia, July, 1864
Click to enlarge pictures
Honor in Command: Lt. Freeman S. Bowley's Civil War Service in the 30th United States Colored Infantry
A young white officer who served as a lieutenant in a regiment of U.S. Colored Troops in the Union Army, is the work of a superb storyteller who describes how his Civil War experiences transformed him from a callow youth into an honorable man. Describing in detail his relationship with the men in his company, Bowley extols the role of black soldiers and their officers in the Union victory.
Where Death and Glory Meet: Colonel Robert Gould Shaw and the 54th Massachusetts Infantry
July 18, 1863, the African American soldiers of the Fifty-Fourth Massachusetts Infantry led a courageous but ill-fated charge on Fort Wagner, a key bastion guarding Charleston harbor. Confederate defenders killed, wounded, or made prisoners of half the regiment. Only hours later, the body of Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, the regiment's white commander, was thrown into a mass grave with those of twenty of his men.
Fredericksburg Virginia Troops filling canteens
click to enlarge picture
Colored Teamsters
Colored Troop Pictures
Civil War Colored Troops
History of Colored Troops
American Civil War Timeline
Summary of the Civil War
State Battle Maps
Civil War Campaigns
Navy Ships and Battles
U.S. Library of Congress.
The Negro's Civil War: How American Blacks Felt and Acted During the War for the Union
In this classic study, Pulitzer Prize-winning author James M. McPherson deftly narrates the experience of blacks--former slaves and soldiers, preachers, visionaries, doctors, intellectuals, and common people--during the Civil War Kindle Available
Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America
The evolution of black society from the first arrivals in the early seventeenth century through the Revolution Kindle Available
Black Slaveowners: Free Black Slave Masters in South Carolina, 1790-1860
An analysis of all aspects and particularly of the commercialism of black slaveowning debunks the myth that black slaveholding was a benevolent institution based on kinship, and explains the transition of black masters from slavery to paid labor. Kindle Available
Raising Freedom's Child: Black Children and Visions of the Future After Slavery
Previously untapped documents and period photographs casts a dazzling, fresh light on the way that abolitionists, educators, missionaries, planters, politicians, and free children of color envisioned the status of African Americans after emancipation
Enter the keywords you are looking for and the site will be searched and all occurrences of your request will be displayed. You can also enter a date format, April 19,1862 or September 1864.
American Civil War Colored Troops Pictures
Colored Troops in the American Civil War
© 2019 americancivilwar.com - All rights reserved.


Welcome to the third section of my vacation in Hong Kong in March 2012. The topics that will be covered in this section will mainly be our visit towards Ocean Park and Tung Chung, two of my morning train rides on the Airport Express and visiting Pioneer Centre near Mongkok.
The next morning, which was on Monday (12 March), I woke up at 8 o' clock in the morning. I had a shower and did some things on my laptop computer before going up to The Horizon Club for breakfast.
According to my family, we would going to Tung Chung later that day. I decided to take the Airport Express again before heading to Tung Chung. However, instead of doing the usual three rounds, I decided to do only two rounds. My itinerary would be to complete my second Airport Express round at Tsing Yi Station, then change to the Tung Chung Line towards Tung Chung.
I then left the room at 9.20 a.m. to head to Tsim Sha Tsui Station via the passageway from East Tsim Sha Tsui Station. As I knew, to get the Airport Express from Central Hong Kong, I had to take my usual Tsuen Wan Line route between Tsim Sha Tsui and Central, then walk along the passageway between Central and Hong Kong Stations to reach the Airport Express platforms.
After passing through the ticketing gates, I was on the Tsuen Wan Line platform towards Central by 9.35 a.m.. Immediately, I caught the nearest train bound for Central, and was on my way to Central Hong Kong.
At 9.40 a.m., I arrived at Central Station. I walked past the Island Line platform towards Chai Wan, and walked along the passageway to Hong Kong Station. It was a relatively quick walk although there were many commuters during the morning rush hour.
I managed to arrive at the Airport Express concourse via the elevator at 9.55 a.m.. I was just in time to catch the 10 o' clock Airport Express train bound for AsiaWorld-Expo. During the first round, I decided to stop for a shopping and drink break at Hong Kong International Airport. Immediately, I grabbed a seat in Car No. 1 (E109) at the AsiaWorld-Expo end.
At exactly 10 o' clock, the Airport Express train bound for AsiaWorld-Expo, finally pulled out of Hong Kong Station. I was then on my way for a 24-minute journey to Hong Kong International Airport. Here are some pictures and videos which will explain the first half of my first round.
After 24 minutes of travel on the Airport Express train from Central Hong Kong, I finally arrived at Hong Kong International Airport at 10.24 a.m.. I alighted the train to stop for a shopping and drink break.
After purchasing my commercial aircraft models, I decided not to eat anything at the airport, as I knew that I was about to have lunch with my family once I arrived at the Citygate Outlets Tung Chung.
I then decided to go down to Delifrance Cafeteria located in the arrival hall for a hot beverage. While resting at Delifrance, I ordered a glass of hot chocolate for myself.
After a 1-hour layover at the airport, I walked back to Hong Kong International Airport Station. I decided to catch the Airport Express train that would leave the airport at 11.48 a.m. for Central Hong Kong. I decided to take some pictures and a video while waiting.
After 15 minutes of waiting, the 11.48 a.m. Airport Express train bound for Central Hong Kong finally entered Hong Kong International Airport Station at 11.45 a.m. on Track No. 2. I then boarded the train through Car No. 7 (J409) at the Hong Kong end, and found my usual seat. At exactly 11.48 a.m., the train finally pulled out of the airport. I was then on my way back to Central Hong Kong to begin my second Airport Express round of the day.
After 24 minutes on the train from Hong Kong International Airport, we finally arrived at the Hong Kong terminal station at 12.12 p.m.. I then did my usual carriage changeover in order to prepare for the beginning of my second round. The train would depart Hong Kong Station at 12.20 p.m. for another journey to AsiaWorld-Expo.
I was to complete my second round once I reached Tsing Yi from AsiaWorld-Expo, then change to the Tung Chung Line for the sector between Tsing Yi and Tung Chung.
The Airport Express platform of Hong Kong Station, with a train about to depart at 12.20 p.m.
The Airport Express carry-on baggage rack while waiting for departure at 12.20 p.m.
At exactly 12.20 p.m., the train pulled out of Hong Kong Station for another 28-minute journey to AsiaWorld-Expo. I then began my second and final Airport Express round of the day. Here are some pictures and a video during the first half of my second round.
After a 28-minute journey from Central Hong Kong, I finally arrived at the AsiaWorld-Expo terminal at 12.48 p.m.. The train would then depart back to Central Hong Kong at 12.54 p.m.. However, I suddenly realised that I had yet to have a bathroom break. So I decided to stop for a short bathroom break at AsiaWorld-Expo and catch the 1.04 p.m. (13 04) Airport Express train bound for Central Hong Kong to Tsing Yi.
By the time I was back on the platform, the Airport Express train, that would depart for Central Hong Kong at 1.04 p.m. (13 04), arrived at 12.58 p.m.. I then boarded the train through Car No. 7 (J411), found my usual seat, and settled in for the journey to Tsing Yi, which would take about 18 minutes.
I knew that my final Airport Express round of the day would terminate at Tsing Yi. Upon arrival at Tsing Yi Station, I would connect to the Tung Chung Line to get to Citygate Outlets Tung Chung.
The Tung Chung Line is one of the 10 MTR lines operating in Hong Kong. It mainly links Hong Kong Island with Tung Chung New Town in Lantau Island, close to Hong Kong International Airport. A part of the Tung Chung Line was constructed along the Tsing Ma Bridge and the Kap Shui Mun Bridge. It takes approximately 27 minutes between Central Hong Kong and Tung Chung New Town with the Tung Chung Line.
The Tung Chung Line currently uses 12 8-car A-Stock train sets, manufactured by Adtranz and CAF in Spain, and 4 8-car K-Stock train sets, built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries in Japan and ROTEM consortium in South Korea.
At exactly 1.04 p.m. (13 04), the Airport Express train pulled out of AsiaWorld-Expo Station for a 28-minute journey to Central Hong Kong. I was then on my way to Tsing Yi Station. Here are some pictures and a video which will explain the second half of my second and final Airport Express round of the day.
After a journey of 18 minutes from AsiaWorld-Expo on the Airport Express, I finally arrived at Tsing Yi Station at 1.22 p.m. (13 22). I then alighted the train and decided to film a video of the trains departure before taking the elevator up to the Tung Chung Line platform towards the Disneyland Resort Line and Tung Chung.
Tsing Yi Station is an MTR station located in Tsing Yi Island, Hong Kong. It serves as an interchange station for the Airport Express and Tung Chung Line. Tsing Yi is also a major interchange for buses and taxis are situated on the side of the station. It is a hub for the New Territories, like Tsing Yi, Tuen Mun, and Tsuen Wan.
After I snapped the Airport Express departure video, I went out through the ticket gate and took the elevator up to the Tung Chung Line concourse of Tsing Yi Station. I was on the platform towards the Disneyland Resort Line and Tung Chung at 1.30 p.m., and waited for the train bound for Tung Chung to arrive.
At 1.36 p.m. (13 36), a Tung Chung Line A-Stock train bound for Tung Chung entered Tsing Yi Station on Track No. 3. I immediately hopped onto the train and prepared for the journey to Tung Chung, which would take 14 minutes. The train would then make a brief stop at Sunny Bay Station (a station which I easily target to pass through on the Airport Express when making videos) along the way. I was then on my way to Tung Chung after the doors were closed.
Sunny Bay Station is an interchange MTR station located in Yam O, Hong Kong. It serves as an interchange station for the Tung Chung Line and Disneyland Resort Line towards Hong Kong Disneyland.
The station opened for service on 1 June 2005, for the Tung Chung Line, 2 months prior to the opening of the Disneyland Resort Line, which opened on 1 August 2005. It is one of the MTR stations to rely on the open surroundings to keep the temperatures low. The Airport Express passes through the centre of the station without stopping. This MTR station also features two platforms for emergency use for the Airport Express. It is also the only MTR station in Hong Kong that looks like a high-speed railway station, such as a Shinkansen station in Japan.
Occasionally, intermediate Tung Chung Line trains in any direction would be shunted into Sunny Bay Station for approximately 2 to 3 minutes. This is to allow the faster Airport Express train services to pass through the station without stopping. Sunny Bay Station is also an easy target for me to pass through while filming videos on the Airport Express between Tsing Yi and Hong Kong International Airport.
However, based on what other bloggers said, there are certain problems faced by the Tung Chung Line and the Airport Express. The platform tracks are slightly longer than the platforms themselves. This results in certain Airport Express train services being delayed when a Tung Chung Line train is routed back onto the main line in front of it.
To resolve the problem, if a Tung Chung line train stops at Sunny Bay Station, and there is an Airport Express train somewhere just behind it, this is how it should go. The Tung Chung Line train should allow the Airport Express train to pass through Sunny Bay Station first (overtake the Tung Chung Line train in a sense); then the Tung Chung Line train can resume its route on the main line. This is to help avoid disruptions to the MTR timetable.
After 14 minutes of travelling on the Tung Chung Line from Tsing Yi Station, I finally arrived at the Tung Chung terminal station at 1.50 p.m. (13 50). I then alighted the train and went up to Citygate Outlets Tung Chung.
Tung Chung Station is an MTR station serving Tung Chung New Town, near Hong Kong International Airport in Lantau Island, Hong Kong. It serves as the western terminus for the Tung Chung Line from Central Hong Kong. It is also a transfer point for passengers using the Ngong Ping 360 Cable Car.
Citygate Outlets is an outlet shopping mall that is located in Tung Chung, near Hong Kong International Airport in Lantau Island, Hong Kong. Opened in April 2000, it is the only outlet mall in Hong Kong. The mall was simply known as 'Citygate' between April 2000 and August 2006.
I met up with my dad and my brother at the Häagen-Dazs ice-cream cafe beside the main entrance to Tung Chung. According to my dad, we did not have to go up to Ngong Ping as my mum arranged for a special priest to chant several prayers for us to help guide us through our future examinations. The Ngong Ping 360 Cable Car, at that time, was temporarily closed for maintenance between February and April 2012. This was because of a technical fault that occurred a few months earlier, in January, shortly after the Chinese New Year holiday.
My dad and I, along with my brother, then went upstairs to the top floor to find a good Chinese restaurant for lunch. We then found a restaurant called Federal Palace, which was formerly known as Eastern Gate Seafood Restaurant between 2000 and 2010.
When we arrived at Federal Palace, we requested for a table for four people. After waiting for a few moments, we were directed to a table on the main floor of the restaurant. The waitress then supplied us with the food and beverage menus, and we took a look at them, while waiting for my mum.
When my mum arrived at Federal Palace, she too had a look at the food and beverage menu. A waitress then came to our table to take our orders. We ordered several dim sum and meat dishes. It was a nice and hearty lunch at Federal Palace.
Among the notable dishes we ordered was a nice roasted pigeon. This would be my first time eating a pigeon in my entire life. My dad was happy eating one too. Ironically, he mentioned that he did it as revenge against them, as pigeons frequently drop their dung (faeces) on his cars.
This makes some of my school friends sarcastically say that the consumption of a pigeon is illegal, as a pigeon is supposed to represent peace (a dove is peace representation, not a pigeon). In reality, however, it is NOT illegal to consume a pigeon.
After having a good lunch at Federal Palace Citygate Outlets, I was getting tired from my trips on the Airport Express MTR Line. I then told my parents that I would be heading back to the Kowloon Shangri-La Hotel for a rest. They then told me that they would be shopping around Citygate Outlets for a while.
To get back to the Kowloon Shangri-La Hotel, my itinerary would be to take the Tung Chung Line between Tung Chung and Nam Cheong. I would then transfer to the West Rail Line (KCR West Rail prior to December 2007) at Nam Cheong to East Tsim Sha Tsui Station.
Very nice information you have given about Hong kong holiday trip through your impressive blog post. It will be helpful for whom they are planning to spend their vacation in Hing Kong.


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Niphogenia is een geslacht van insecten uit de familie van de dansvliegen (Empididae), die tot de orde tweevleugeligen (Diptera) behoort.

Soorten
N. eucera Melander, 1928
N. turneri Wilder, 1981

Dansvliegen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Cameroon's High Court refused to release opposition leader Maurice Kamto, as well as six of his supporters, who were arrested in January on politically motivated charges.
The Mfoundi High Court, located in Cameroon's political capital, Yaoundé, made this decision following a habeas corpus request filed by the detainees' defence lawyers.
Kamto and his party, the Cameroon Renaissance Movement (CRM), claim they won the country's 2018 elections, although the official results say the current President Paul Biya - in power for 36 years - won the vote.
Kamto was arrested without a warrant on January, 28 in Douala and held for 15 days at the headquarters of the Special Operations Groups (Groupement spécial d'opérations, GSO), which is not gazetted as a detention facility for those awaiting trial.
Célestin Djamen, a member of Kamto's party, was arrested at the hospital where he was recovering after police shot him in the leg during a January 26 demonstration. He was held for 15 days at the Secrétariat d'Etat à la Défense (SED) which also is not meant to hold people in police custody.
These arrests appear to be a politically motivated move to curtail dissent, and what's happened so far calls into questions Kamto's ability to get a fair trial. Cameroonians - political opponents or not - should be able to expect that officials will uphold the law, not flagrantly violate it.


First I added 256 ram for total of 512. It's all I had laying around.
DSL (dam small linux) I personally don't like it, others do. Very quick.
Ubuntu Light-----problem understanding wireless set-up.
Puppy Linux-----I'm not used to it.
Ubuntu turned off (muted) the sound. Clicked it on and we're rolling.
Last edited by SHEEPMAN! on Sun May 20, 2012 8:14 pm, edited 1 time in total.
First I added 256 133 ram for total of 512.
I'm pretty sure the Mk7 /C / 1 MHz model uses DDR ram. I've built up several in the past, and the good thing about this model was a total 1.25 GB ram using the on-board 256 MB plus another 1 GB stick of DDR. Plenty to run XP.
I know 133 ram does not fit in a DDR slot, so maybe yours is "special"?
Last edited by Springfield on Sun May 20, 2012 9:29 pm, edited 1 time in total.
I could very well be mistaken...I looked at two sticks and probably got the numbers wrong. It was 256 something. I'll tell you the real number when I open it again. It was dark.
Whoaaa the sun came up again.
You were correct Ken..256 PC 2100. I'll test 2700 512 in a bit....for total of 768...plenty for Linux.


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Home Election News 2020 Election News Rep. Tim Ryan Drops out of Race for President
Rep. Tim Ryan Drops out of Race for President
Tim Ryan, the Congressman who represents the 17th district, Ohio, announced on Thursday, October 24, that he is ending his campaign for the Democratic Party's nomination for President. Going forward he will focus his energies instead on his race for re-election to that House seat.
The Reason:
Ryan sought to distinguish himself on the campaign trail as precisely the candidate who could win back the loyalty of those once-Democratic voters who supported Donald Trump in 2016. He sees that swing voting block as blue-collar and mid-western; and his district has both those characteristics.
In withdrawing, Ryan said that he is proud of the fight he waged, which gave a voice to "the forgotten communities that have been let behind by globalization and automation." He said that he will continue to work for those communities.
But Ryan is ending his campaign because he has proven unable to raise the money necessary to support it. His campaign received donations of just $425,731 in the third quarter of 2019 (July through September). That is a big drop off, less than half the amount ($895,000) he had received in the second quarter.
The Thing to Know:
Money is often and aptly called the "mother's milk of politics."
President Trump's Old Allies Turning Against Him
Health: Three New Additions to Biden's Covid Team
Protesters Become Rioters, Storm the Capitol Dome
Rep. Amash Leaves Republican Party
The Politics of a Pandemic


How to | Live to Learn!
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To restore these folders follow the below steps.
How to shutdown Remote Computer in LAN?
Remote Shut down utility that comes with Windows will help us to shutdown all are some of the computers in a LAN Network. It can also be used to logoff, restart any computer without going to it's place.
Read more about How to shutdown Remote Computer in LAN?
How to setup a LAN (Local Area Network)?
LAN Network setup and internet connection sharing.


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Africa Urged to Carry Out Planetary Health Reforms
Posted on 23/11/2015 (02/08/2019) by Kenneth Kantande
By Gilbert Nakweya and Sam Otieno, via SciDev.Net
Experts are urging African countries to carry out policy reforms to achieve planetary health by taking into account human health and the natural systems on which it depends.
The experts, speaking during the launch of the Rockefeller Foundation-Lancet Commission report on planetary health in East Africa last month (30th October) in Kenya, warned that the continued exploration of natural resources for economic gain without safeguarding the environment could make future generations suffer from problems such as diseases and food insecurity.
Alex Ezeh, executive director of Kenya-based African Population and Health Research Center, said that population control policies need to be strengthened in Africa to be able to address the existing burden of disease and to avoid having more health problems that could arise from further changes in the environment.
"We need robust family planning methods to control our population, which is rapidly growing," Ezeh explained, noting that it is impossible to deal with Africa's growth and poverty challenges without properly managing urbanisation.
The report takes a holistic approach on how human activities are affecting planetary health and discusses opportunities and possible actions, according to Montira Pongsiri, a co-author of the report and an environmental health scientist at the US Environmental Protection Agency.
"We are mortgaging our future to achieve health," Pongsiri said, adding that planetary health and the UN's agenda 2030 on sustainabledevelopment goals (SDGs) cannot be advanced unless attention is paid to the underlying natural resources.
Achim Steiner, director-general of the United Nations Environment Programme, added that health and environment are interrelated and that keeping a healthy environment and a healthy people could help countries achieve the SDGs.
According to Steiner, for the last 100 years, humans have negatively affected the natural ecosystem through modernisation.
Ezeh added that Africa must act to support planetary health by reviewing existing policies and strengthening them. He observed that Africa needs policies that promote a greener environment and manage urbanisation to help the continent address the challenges of diseases.
Africa needs to build a resilient health system by integrating health and the environment to address the challenges of emerging and re-emerging diseases such as Ebola, Ezeh indicated.
But Nelson Sewankambo, professor of medicine and president of the Uganda National Academy of Sciences, says that Africa has an opportunity to play a leading role and make a difference on planetary health.
Sewankambo tells SciDev.Net: "We are part of the problem, but we need to be part of the solution".
Sewankambo is challenging African national academies of sciences and universities to create and lead centres of excellence in planetary health by bringing people from various fields and disciplines to address health and environment-related challenges.
This article has been produced by SciDev.Net's Sub-Saharan Africa desk.
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You Don't Have to be Rich to go to Secondary School in Kenya: Hard work, Community Support, and Academic Mentorship Provide New Opportunities for Girls in Viwandani and Korogocho
By Kenneth Kantande
Why Young Women From Kenya's Urban Slums Should Become More Savvy About Contraception
Why Maths Does Not Add up in Lower Primary
Why Living in Nairobi Slums is a Living Hell for the Young, Old and Pregnant
By Siki kigongo
Why Kenyan Parents Prefer Low-Cost Schools to Free Education
Why having COVID-19 data on men and women is critical
By Moreen Nkonge
WHO Approves Vaccine for Routine Infant Immunisation
Where's the Voice of Wanjiku in This Debate
When will COVID-19 vaccinations start in African countries?
Join us at the Education Evidence for Action Conference!How Do You Keep Vaccines Cool? Try Spacecraft Insulation


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Comments and Tips
Past Writers
Israel / Jewish World / Judaism / Morality / Religion
On the making of Constitutional Arrangements
by Special to Cross-Currents · Published February 24, 2014 · Updated February 24, 2014
by Raphael Davidovich
In the latest attempt to quell the ongoing culture wars in Israel, Israeli Justice Minister Tzipi Livni last year gave Law Professor Ruth Gavison a formidable task. Gavison was asked to help prepare "a constitutional arrangement dealing with Israel's identity" as "a Jewish and Democratic state." The task is a fascinating one, one I love discussing because it is an area of personal interest for me. But it is a task that should not be fulfilled.
Whenever someone in the Israeli Leadership advocates a new constitutional arrangement, it should be mandatory to reread the history of why Israel presently has no formal constitutional arrangement as most other countries do. The brief history is as follows: The Constituent Assembly charged with the writing of a Constitution for the State of Israel ended its task in 1949, its job undone, and instead became the newborn State's first Parliament. It would be simple to conclude that the document wasn't written because of the machinations and political ploys of Ben-Gurion, or this group or that power-hungry faction. It would also be simple to argue that the group couldn't come to agreement because of the old truism that Jews are argumentative, like that old joke about Ben-Gurion being the Prime Minister of two million prime ministers. But these arguments would be wrong. We need to properly understand what happened, and it says something about Jewry in Israel and throughout the world.
The constituent assembly could not write a constitution because a true constitution can only be a viable document when applied to a group that has certain basic outlooks and principles in common that they wish to codify and establish as axiomatic, virtually unarguable, to future generations of leaders who might be tempted by the need for political expedience to ignore those principles.
To be clear, what Israelis who say they want a Constitutional Arrangement really mean is that they want a two-tier system of laws: One set of Supreme Laws, which usually includes a Bill of Individual Rights, and one set of all other laws passed by the Knesset which would be subservient to that first set. This concept originated in our times with the American Constitution.
The American Constitutional experiment contained a feature that was novel to the world of political realism at the time, even though nowadays it's so common that it's taken for granted; that a State should have an upper tier of Law and a lower tier of law. The higher level of law, with fewer words, usually loftier, dominates; it insists that all other laws passed by the legislature conform to it or be declared null and void. This is specifically what is meant nowadays by people when they speak of a country having a Written Constitution. This is actually sloppy wording, as it leads to such sentences as "England does not have a written constitution", or "Israel does not have a written constitution."
The reality is that of course, both England and Israel have written constitutions. What they lack is the legal framework that mandates that some laws be subservient to other laws. Their constitutions are in the laws that set up the government. They have laws that provide for various freedoms, civil and political rights and limitations. They do not set up a hierarchy among those laws, one trumping the other. They adhere to the older principle of Parliamentary Sovereignty, rejected by the US Constitution, that one Parliament cannot limit another. For example, one Parliament cannot pass a law that states that it may not be revoked except by unanimous consent. All laws are equal to each other, even the ones that scholars call "constitutional".
Why do countries, such as the USA, want a two-tier system? The answer, briefly stated earlier, is that the founding people and founding leaders of a nation want certain laws enshrined at a level that later legislatures or leaders will not be allowed to override because of the political expediencies of the moment.
Now in many countries, including Israel, it is well known that different groups of people have different ideals they believe are worth preserving at all costs. If a nation has several groups of people with conflicting ideals, the differences cannot and should not be resolved at the "Constitutional" level at all! Put another way, if one group that does not have behind it the true political will of the vast majority of the people, tries to take advantage of a propitious moment and attempt to enact certain reforms at the constitutional level, trouble will usually ensue for one of several reasons:
It will either fail in its attempt, at the needless expense of considerable political capital, (Canada), or
It will succeed for a brief time, until the next election when the opposing side wins and overturns the law, then wasting the entire country's time in the emotionally exhausting process of constitutional amending, (recent France, Belgium), or
It will succeed and lead a powerful minority of the nation to do nothing but oppose its country's constitution as not representative of its true national aspirations (Egypt), or
The country can go through a farce of constitution-making with a frequency that would embarrass an American. (France 1789-1958.)
This idea that a real Constitution presupposes substantive agreement on cultural fundamentals was stated by John Jay in the Federalist #2. Jay defined the United States as "one united people — a people descended from the same ancestors, speaking the same language, professing the same religion, attached to the same principles of government, very similar in their manners and customs, and who, by their joint counsels, arms, and efforts, fighting side by side throughout a long and bloody war, have nobly established general liberty and independence."
Even with this form of political and cultural unity as existed in 1788, there were two sides of a seminal disagreement, I speak here of slavery, that could not truly be reconciled by the writing of a Constitution. It would take a "Great Civil War" to test whether a nation so conceived under certain founding principles could long endure at the expense of other ideals. Upper-tier Constitutions do not resolve difficult problems; they either exacerbate them or serve to delay their true resolution.
For Israel, the alternative to a Constitution in the American mold is not as elegant, yet it is honest, and truly representative. It is what the State of Israel has been doing for the past 65 years, yet not as a sorry second-best method, but as something to be cherished. We can say, "We are Am Echad, one Nation, yet we have been "Mefuzar U'meforad," scattered far and wide and separated by differing socio-political ideals for so long that resolving our fundamental differences constitutionally is just absurd. It's hard enough to horse-trade when you only need a simple majority. The effort required to get a suitable supermajority required for more will just exhaust the country to no advantage. [One can look to Canada as an example. It spent six years (1986-1992) debating and putting together two different major constitutional amendment packages, each of which was rejected, leading to enormous frustration, and leading the country to avoid the topic at all costs in the over twenty years since. The language barriers they face are only a fraction of the factionalism that is present in modern Israel.]
History has turned us into a political salad of ideas and ideals that are often contradictory and mutually exclusive. Yet we recognize a sense of brotherhood among ourselves, and we have come together to live in one nation-state. Every side thus tries its best to get its way and make it work. But this is done by sitting around a table, or in a Knesset Chamber, and working out our problems. After sixty-five years, we are no closer to the kind of consensus required for Constitution-making than we were in 1949. The Jewish People are descended from the same ancestors, and share a language, and profess the same religion in name, but we know that the one word "Judaism" does not really mean the same thing to all the people. We are not all attached to the same principles of government, and we are often as dissimilar as can be in our manners and customs. In such circumstances, overreaching could be the greatest political sin imaginable.
As for the issues that drive our collective consciousness crazy:
The Tension between the State of Israel's identities as Jewish and Democratic State: Is this a contradiction? Honestly, yes it is a contradiction. But it is a contradiction only when we use the First Amendment Ideal to which we in the United States are so accustomed. Zionism was never, could never be a political philosophy that depended on a First Amendment view of Politics. Putting all personal dilemmas aside, I think it is intuitively obvious that the State of Israel should indeed "respect an establishment of Religion" on some level. The only argument remains is how to define the word "some". And it will be impossible to make everyone happy on this count. To remove religion from any form of government authority is unthinkable in a place called "The Jewish State". Imposing Orthodox standards in public places and public events can often be intrusive to the unobservant. At least one side can be unhappy at any given moment. Is there an obvious unified resolution? No. But it's not a matter of Judaism vs. Democracy. It's about two competing definitions of Jewishness. One is more restrictive of public activities. But one excludes a major segment of Israeli society whose norms predate the State and give the State its historical legitimacy. Now which constitution will resolve that?
How should services be led at the Western Wall? The bottom line is that a Zoning Decision was made in June 1967. The official Plaza in front of the Western Wall was designated as an Orthodox Synagogue, with its own Rabbi. This was a Utilitarian decision, made to accommodate the needs of the many, the most, who pray at that location, and care about the rules kept there. Again, not everybody can be happy with this, but the State leaders are not dealing with rights there. They are dealing with zoning.
Former Israeli Supreme Court President Aharon Barak was certainly not alone among the world's Chief Justices in being enamored of the example set by the Warren Court of the 50s and 60s declaring laws and government acts as unconstitutional. He brought the doctrine of Judicial Review to a country whose political system was based on the British one that does not recognize Judicial Review. He did all of this without a formal Constitution. One need not imagine what the Israeli Supreme Court, which heretofore has been practically self-perpetuating with virtually no political connections to any Government or Knesset, would do with such power. The answer is clear: The Court would rule in accordance with the worldview of most of its members, with virtually no concern for the complex case-by-case deliberations that need to be handled with delicacy in a tense multi-faceted society.
The recent Chareidi Draft deliberations in Israel are a perfect case in point. Twice already in this Knesset's term, the Supreme Court issued decisions that scuttled the ongoing negotiations between government coalition members and the Interest groups involved. A constitution would only make things worse. Professor Gavison was kept off the Supreme Court precisely because she understands this problem. I don't have to tell her the dangers of expanding the problem.
The dangers of formalizing matters that should remain informal applies to the second task assigned to Professor Gavison, concerning Israel-Diaspora relations. These relationships are obviously important. They are so important that they should remain unofficial. Why should a State be constitutionally tied to people or organizations that are here and meaningful today and gone or irrelevant tomorrow? The bonds of influence and concern will remain meaningful in relation to how unofficial they remain. Every year or decade will introduce a new generation of American (or Canadian) Jewish leadership to Israeli Political leaders. The two groups will find each other.
Raphael Davidovich is the Rabbi of the Heights Jewish Center Synagogue in Cleveland, OH.
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Yehoshua Friedman says:
In my over forty years living here in Israel I have never seen a better explanation of why Israel has no constitution and should have none. There are, however, a handful of Basic Laws which, though enacted by a bare majority of the Knessset, require a super-majority to repeal, and the problem of the Supreme Court is left for yet another generation to deal with. But I agree with Rabbi Davidovitch that with an American-style constitution it would be much worse. What will happen to the governance of the country in another generation or two with changes in the country's demographic balance is anybody's guess.
Bob Miller says:
Why should we be satisfied with anything less than Torah as our constitution?
DF says:
Brilliant exposition. The article prompts the question of how the Knesset (or better, the Prime Minister, in his executive role of enforcing the Court) ever allowed Barak to arrogate for himself judicial review, since there is no Constitution that allows for it. (The U.S. Constitution doesn't explicitly provide for Judicial review either, but at least when Marshall invented it in Marbury v. Madison, he had good grounds for doing it, for all the reasons you describe here.)
dr. bill says:
there is a lecture given in Europe by prof. halbertal (on u-tube) that discusses this topic coherently, consistently, and humorously.
Raphael Davidovich says:
Yehoshua Friedman and DF, thank you. It is clear that the Israeli Supreme Court is acting as if there is an Israeli Constitutional Bill of Rights. The short version of what happened is that the Supreme Court took a Basic Law on Human Dignity, an embryonic bill of rights, passed in 1992 with fewer than 55 MK's voting pro and con, and made a Marbury v Madison of it. Given that the Meretz party was the philosophical brain of the Government that passed that law, it is not that far-fetched to suppose that they had this outcome in mind all along. But I won't bother guessing more than that.
It would seem logical at first to correct the problems that resulted with an actual constitution whose interpretation might undo what has been done. I have been told that one major Dati Israeli constitutional scholar is of that opinion. The main reason I don't this could work is what I stated at length in the piece: Real constitutional consensus is impossible; therefore, faking it is undesirable.
A second reason, born of experience more than theory, is that you can't squeeze the toothpaste of Judicial assertiveness back in the tube. And in all likelihood, any Israeli constitutional draft would contain an explicit reference to Judicial Review.
The third reason is that the Supreme Court has made it clear that it will interpret anything to achieve its stated goals. Most of the rulings of the past fifteen years are built on the word "Dignity". The Talmud never used an extra "Vav" to such comparative effect. Even if the new constitution would say "Israel is a Jewish and Democratic State", the courts would darshen every drop of juice out of the word "Democratic" and leave the word Jewish as a truism. That is how the Supreme Court ignored the rights of Blacks in the south for a century; they just ignored the relevant wording of the Fourteenth Amendment. (Slaughterhouse Cases) They've been trying to make up for it ever since by creating new doctrines that invent meaning in other words, like "Due Process".
One Constitutional solution that is real, probably feasible, and therefore frightening to some, is to have the members of the Supreme Court nominated by the Government, as is done in most democracies, instead of a committee stacked with the existing Court's own members. DF, the reason even this is not the desire of the Government or the Knesset is that, in their heart of hearts, even the politicians who often seem more amenable to Orthodox interests like having their hands tied when it comes to Orthodox demands. But that is just the Conspiracy Theorist in me talking.
Bob Miller, I am talking about the current political situation, not "Hilchesa L'meshicha" messianic pondering. Bismark said, "Politics is the Art of the Possible."
dr Bill, Prof. Halbertal seems to be of the view that any law with pro-Jewish legal or administrative decision could or would actually be anti-democratic. As I wrote, only the entirely non-ethnic standards of the USA and Commonwealth frame it in that way. Most countries came into existence with a sense that they were nation-states there to promote the thriving of a particular ethnic group. France is for the French. Poland is for the Poles. As long as there is no mistreatment of the type Jews endured for centuries, that national identity attitude need not be perceived as anti-democratic at all. It is difficult to strike the balance. But the numbers and demographic shifts make a constitutional balance unattainable for now.
"Bob Miller, I am talking about the current political situation, not 'Hilchesa L'meshicha' messianic pondering. Bismarck said, "Politics is the Art of the Possible."
OK then, to what degree do Jewish citizens of Israel have an obligation right now to maximize the application of Torah law in the Israeli political system, including its formal use to judge the admissibility of Israeli court decisions and Knesset legislative acts??
In a Jewish population that is vast majority non-observant, I believe the obligation "to maximize the application of Torah law in the Israeli political system" resides in 1)non-coercive persuasion, 2) securing the rights and privileges of the Observant population to observe Halacha and Minhag Yisrael to the greatest extent possible, and 3) generally lobbying to foster a political culture that considers the furthering of Jewishness a priority. But I phrase this third point in a deliberately vague manner. To practically contemplate the application of Torah Law in its golus fullness to a non-observant populace is in my opinion unwise. The Chazon Ish made this very point in another context.
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MK on Chutzpah or Incompetence?
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The first bit of information about the 2016 Browncoat Ball has been released!
New Firefly RPG announced at SDCC 2014.
Ever since Dark Horse Comics became the "House of Joss Whedon" in the comic book world, fans have been clamoring for further tales of the crew of the Serenity. This latest trip into the black is highly anticipated, long awaited, and feels deeply and truly like a genuine reunion for the characters and their loyal fans.
After three years, Dark Horse will produce a new Serenity mini series next January.
Do you like music? Do you like fun? Do you like to help raise money for great charitable causes?
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