A new study finds that one thing most influences people who deny climate change is real or manmade: politics.
As scientific consensus builds that climate change is both a real phenomenon and one caused by humans, scientists have been attempting to figure out why such a large portion of the public still denies it.
A new analysis of a number of surveys and studies on individuals' beliefs about climate change has come to perhaps an obvious conclusion: the main reason is a person's politics, according to a Washington Post report.
Researchers have published an analysis of the numerous studies out there int he journal Nature Climate Change. The analysis found that political affiliations, worldviews, and values were the most significant factors in a person's views on climate change, and that a person's belief in climate change doesn't necessarily mean they support taking bold action to combat it.
The analysis is based on 200 previous polls and studies conducted in 57 countries, and takes into account a wide range of variables.
It explodes a couple of myths about climate change doubters. The first is that they're less educated — there's a small tendency for skeptics to have a lower level of education, but it's not a very strong link. Also, the notion that climate change skeptics tend to be older white men is not entirely wrong, but it's also not a very strong tendency. Ideology was a far bigger indicator, they found.
Ultimately, the belief that scientists were trustworthy was the main driver of whether a person would believe that climate change is a real problem.


text:
package com.flipkart.perf.agent.util;

import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;

public class ResponseBuilder {
    public static Response response(Response.Status status, Object message) {
        return Response.status(status).entity(message).build();
    }

    public static Response jobNotOver(String jobId) {
        return ResponseBuilder.response(Response.Status.BAD_REQUEST,
                String.format("{\"reason\" : \"Job %s Not Over Yet\"}", jobId));
    }

    public static Response jobNotFound(String jobId) {
        return ResponseBuilder.response(Response.Status.NOT_FOUND,
                String.format("{\"reason\" : \"Job %s doesn't exist\"}", jobId));
    }

    public static Response agentNotRegistered(String agentIp) {
        return ResponseBuilder.response(Response.Status.NOT_FOUND,
                String.format("{\"reason\" : \"Agent %s not registered yet\"}", agentIp));
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
More Vietnamese choose to marry, have children at later age
Getting married at an older age, being 'afraid' of giving birth and expecting to have only one child are alarming facts in Vietnam, especially when the country's aging is four times faster than that of other countries.
More young families are choosing not to have children or to have only one child. Illustration
At the age of 37, Dang Thu Hoa and her husband, a couple in Hanoi, drive their car to tourist sites or join a backpacking group every weekend. Before the Covid-19 pandemic broke out, they traveled abroad once or twice a year.
The couple are satisfied with their life and they are unanimous on three things: focusing on career, not cooking on weekends and not having children.
"My husband is a financial manager for a foreign company. I work in the media industry. Both of us are very busy during the week so on weekends we want to spend time resting and relaxing. We are not ready to be parents because we are afraid of responsibilities. If we do not take good care of and raise our children well, we will feel guilty," said Hoa.
Ignoring advice from their parents and friends, Hoa believes that each person has his or her own choices, and the most important thing is to always feel happy.
Another couple in Hanoi, Duc Anh and his wife Thu Huong, chose to have only one child. During the hard days of raising the child, Huong suffered from postpartum depression, which made them decide not to have more children.
They were advised to hire a maid, but they could not afford it. They wanted to save the money, an average VND5-7 million/maid/month, to invest in their child's study.
This year, their son will enter the first grade. The couple planned to send him to a private school, with monthly tuition of VND7-9 million. With a total income of VND23 million, this couple does not have savings.
"Our generation could play and grow up by ourselves. But now, taking care of and raising a child is not easy, especially when everything is expensive. So, we decided to have only one child to save the best things for him," Duc Anh said.
With a total income of VND13 million per month, Nguyen Thi Phuong, 35, and her husband from the northern province of Bac Giang also decided not to have more children even though they have only a 4-year-old daughter.
"We are living in a rented house, so we want to save up to buy a small piece of land. If there are more children, monthly expenditures will rise a few million more," said Phuong.
21 provinces with low birth rate
Mai Trung Son, Deputy Director of the Population Size Department of the General Department of Population and Family Planning, said that the tendency of hesitating to have children is widespread in Vietnam.
"This is alarming. If the fertility rate is low for a long time, it will lead to the consequences of rapid population aging, labor shortage, and social security-related issues such as pensions and medical care," Son said.
Currently, 21 out of 63 provinces and cities in Vietnam have low fertility rates below the replacement level of 2 - 2.1 children per adult woman. Most of them are in the southern region such as Ho Chi Minh City, Tay Ninh, Binh Duong, Bac Lieu, Can Tho, and Khanh Hoa. In these provinces, the common fertility rate is from 1.5 to 1.7 children per adult woman.
The rate once fell to 1.24 children per adult woman in Ho Chi Minh City. In 2019, it was 1.39 children/adult woman and inched up to 1.53/adult woman in 2020 in the city. However, according to experts, although this is an initial improvement, it will take more time to evaluate the stability.
According to Son, Vietnamese are increasingly afraid to have children due to the trend of late marriage, urbanization and economic development that results in greater pressure to find jobs, rising housing prices, living costs, and expenditures for education and taking care of children.
Son cited examples that workers earn a few million VND in monthly salary, but they have to pay VND3 million to send a child to kindergarten, not mentioning other living expenses. Meanwhile, the government does not have a policy to encourage people in these areas to have two children.
Some couples delay giving birth as they want to have more time and leisure for themselves.
Notably, the more educated women are, the more reluctant to give birth. According to data collected by the General Statistics Office in 2019, Vietnamese women with a university degree had only 1.85 children/woman. This rate was 1.91 for women with a college degree; 2.59 children for women who had never gone to school; and 3.71 children for women with primary education.
Nguyen Doan Tu, Head of the General Department of Population and Family Planning
Since 2011, Vietnam has entered the period of population aging and its aging rate is 4 times faster than that of developed countries. The country is facing the risk of "getting old before getting rich".
In 2011, the proportion of people over 60 years old in Vietnam accounted for less than 10%, but by 2018 it increased to 11.95%. In 2019, this rate continued to rise to 14%, of which people over 65 years old were approximately 8%.
Nguyen Doan Tu, Head of the General Department of Population and Family Planning, said that without appropriate policies, the proportion of people over 60 years old in Vietnam will increase to over 20% by 2038, equivalent to 21 million people, of which people over 65 years old will account for over 14%.
The General Department of Population and Family Planning and the Ministry of Health have proposed many solutions to raise fertility in the provinces with low fertility rates. However, Tu admitted that this is not easy.
"In fact, many countries have done very well in reducing fertility, but no country has succeeded in stimulating fertility. It is easier to encourage people to reduce the birth rate rather than increase the birth rate", Tu said.
He said that Asian countries such as Japan, South Korea and Singapore have also faced the same situation - low fertility rate - for more than 20 years. They have applied many policies to push up the fertility rate. South Korea spends about $2 billion per year, while Japan allocates up to $20 billion each year to this purpose but the effectiveness is still low.
In South Korea, the fertility rate was 1.6 children/woman in 1996. Ten years later, it continued to decrease to 1.08 children, although the state allows mothers to take maternity leave for two years without losing their jobs. In Japan, the fertility rate in 2018 was only 1.42 children per woman. This rate has been falling for three consecutive decades while this country expects to raise the fertility rate to 1.8.
Multiple fertility models trialed
In April 2020, Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc signed Decision 588 approving the program to adjust fertility rates that suit areas and subjects by 2030, which includes measures to encourage marriage before the age of 30 and encourage women to give birth to the second child before the age of 35.
For provinces with low fertility, the program sets a target to increase the total fertility rate by 10% by 2030.
On March 10, 2021, the Ministry of Health issued Circular 01/2021 guiding localities' implementation of regulations related to the steady maintenance of the replacement fertility rate; control of sex imbalance at birth and improvement of population quality.
In order to control the sex imbalance at birth, local authorities can choose policies to encourage and support couples who have two children of the same sex and commit to not have more children. The policies include honoring the couples for raising the children well; exempting or reducing tuition; giving financial support for insurance and dairy products; and other measures.
The communes with 100 percent of hamlets which commit to control sex imbalance at their village conventions may receive rewards in cash or in kind.
In the 33 provinces listed as having a high fertility rate, hamlets and communes with families which do not give birth to three or more children for three consecutive years may get in-cash or in-kind rewards from district authorities.
If the achievement is gained for five consecutive years, they will get rewards from the provincial authorities.
The women of childbearing age who already have two children and voluntarily apply long-term contraception will receive cash and in kind.
In 21 provinces listed as having a sub-fertility rate, the communes which for three consecutive years have at least 60 percent of couples (of childbearing age) with two children, will get rewards in cash or in kind from district authorities. The rewards will be from provincial authorities if the achievement can be maintained for five years.
In these areas, women who have two children before they turn 35 years old will get support in cash or in kind, to be decided by the local authorities.
The budget for implementing the solutions to encourage and reward collectives and individuals for their implementation of the population work will be sourced from local budgets and other legal sources.
Tu said that the state does not prohibit people from having a third child. However, more than 5 million members of the Communist Party of Vietnam have to comply with the current Party Charter of having no more than two children.
Thuy Hanh
The generation with only one child
Having only one child or no children has not become common in Vietnam, but it can be seen clearly in some provinces and regions.
Attitudes toward divorce changing in Vietnam, but prejudice persists
The breaking news that American billionaire Bill Gates and his wife have plans to divorce after 27 years of living together has flooded local media and social networks in Vietnam over the past few days, overwhelming other hot issues.
vietnam population
population aging

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Tribe [] (deutscher Titel The Tribe – Eine Welt ohne Erwachsene) ist eine neuseeländische Science-Fiction-Fernsehserie für Jugendliche. Die Serie wurde von Raymond Thompson geschrieben, umfasst fünf Staffeln mit insgesamt 260 Episoden und wurde erstmals 1999 in Großbritannien (FIVE) ausgestrahlt. Die deutsche Erstausstrahlung war am 23. April 2001 auf KiKa. Gedreht wurde die Serie in und um Wellington, Neuseeland.
Die Produktion einer 6. Staffel wurde abgelehnt, da laut Raymond Thompson und Nick Wilson (Leiter Channel 5) die Serie zwar sehr gut lief, aber die Darsteller zu alt würden und damit die Kernhandlung zu weit gedehnt werde. Es wurde ein Spin-off mit dem Titel The New Tomorrow gedreht, welches eine ähnliche Handlung ausweist, aber ein jüngeres Publikum im Alter von acht bis zwölf Jahren ansprechen sollte.
Ein für 2014 geplanter Film wurde aufgrund fehlender Sponsoren bisher nicht realisiert.

Handlung
Die Serie handelt von einer Welt ohne Erwachsene. Nachdem Forscher versuchten, ein Anti-Aging-Mittel zu entwickeln, damit aber ein Virus schufen, welches die Menschen binnen Tagen altern und sterben lässt, sind auf der ganzen Welt nur noch Kinder und Teenager am Leben. Sie haben sich zu verschiedenen Stämmen (engl. tribes) zusammengeschlossen, um gemeinsam ihr Überleben sicherzustellen. Die Geschichte orientiert sich zwar an den Mall Rats, dem Stamm der Hauptpersonen, behandelt aber auch Ereignisse, die außerhalb des Stammes stattfinden. Einer der wichtigsten Charaktere ist Zoot als Anführer der Locos. Er spielt im Verlauf der gesamten Serie immer wieder eine tragende Rolle, obwohl er relativ früh stirbt. Hauptspielort ist eine Stadt. Dort haben die Mall Rats ihr Hauptquartier in einem Einkaufszentrum (engl. mall). Im Verlauf der Serie kommen jedoch weitere Spielorte im Umland der Stadt hinzu.

Alle Staffeln behandeln die zusammenhängende Geschichte der Mall Rats, welche von einzelnen Schwerpunkten geprägt ist jedoch auch viele Nebengeschichten abfasst. Thematisiert werden dabei vor allem zwischenmenschliche Beziehungen, gesellschaftliche und persönliche Probleme sowie Politik. Die Hauptgeschichte steht dabei immer mit verschiedenen Gegenspielern in den jeweiligen Staffeln im Zusammenhang. Diese sollen folgend erläutert werden.

 1. Staffel
 Die Locos mit ihrem Anführer Zoot, später Ebony, da Zoot stirbt, verbreiten in der ganzen Stadt Angst unter ihrem Motto "Power und Chaos". Es geht vor allem um die Vorstellung der Charaktere sowie die Entstehung der Mall Rats und das Überleben in einer zerfallenen Welt ohne moderne Zivilisation. Ebenfalls sind die Überlebenden mit einem erneuten Ausbrechen des Virus konfrontiert.
 2. und 3. Staffel
 Ein Gegenmittel stoppt das Virus. Ein neuer Tribe (Die Chosen) tauchen auf. Sie verehren Zoot wie einen Gott und terrorisieren im Laufe der beiden Staffeln die gesamte Stadt, bis sie von den Rebellen und durch innere Unruhen besiegt werden.
 4. und 5. Staffel
 Die Technos, ein hoch entwickelter Tribe, besetzen die Stadt. Durch Wiederherstellen der Versorgung mit Wasser und Strom ziehen sie die Gunst der Bevölkerung auf sich und manipulieren sie mit einer virtuellen Welt.
 5. Staffel
 Die Zootisten sind ein von Ebony gegründeter Tribe, der genauso wie die Chosen Zoot anbetet und im Außenbereich der Stadt für Chaos und Anomie (umgangssprachlich: Anarchie) sorgt, bis Ebony merkt, dass Mega und Java (Technos) sie durch Manipulation dazu gebracht haben.

Besetzung
Sortiert nach der Reihenfolge des Einstiegs.

1. Staffel

2. Staffel

3. Staffel

4. Staffel

5. Staffel

Episodenübersicht

Staffel 1

Staffel 2

Staffel 3

Staffel 4

Staffel 5

Veröffentlichungen und Merchandising
Die 1. und 2. Staffel sind auf DVD mit deutscher, französischer und englischer Tonspur erhältlich. Die DVDs der 3., 4. und 5. Staffel können per UK-Import erworben werden, jedoch nur in englischer Sprache.

Des Weiteren wurden die fünf Staffeln in Buchform veröffentlicht. Diese umfassen acht Bände. Ferner gibt es jeweils ein Buch über die Vorgeschichte der Charaktere "Bray & Martin", "Lex & Ryan" und "Amber & Dal". Zusätzlich gibt es noch fünf weitere Bücher: "Salene im Strudel der Leidenschaft", "Amber: Herz und Aufruhr" und "Ebony – zwischen Macht und Liebe", "Ellie und Jack", "Lex, Herz in Flammen". Diese Bücher wurden lediglich in der deutschen Sprache veröffentlicht.

Außerdem wurde von 2003 bis 2004 ein The Tribe Fan-Magazin veröffentlicht und ein Kalender für 2005.

Im Jahr 2005 erschien das Buch The Tribe – Das offizielle Fanbuch: Alle Charaktere, alle Highlights, alle Stars. im Heel Verlag; geschrieben von Thomas Höhl.

Am 11. Juni 2001 wurde in Deutschland das Musikalbum zur Serie Abe Messiah herausgebracht. Es enthält den Titelsong The dream must stay alive, sowie verschiedene Songs, die von den Schauspielern eingesungen wurden. Am 22. September 2003 erschien eine neue Auflage des Albums. Es enthält dieselben Songs wie das vorherige Album, zusätzlich jedoch drei Musikvideos und vier weitere Lieder.
Aus dem ersten Album ging die Single You belong to me (Veröffentlichung am 14. Mai 2001) hervor, die zwei weitere Bonustracks enthält.
Der Titelsong The Dream must stay alive wurde ab der 2. Staffel von der Hauptdarstellerin Meryl Cassie (Ebony) gesungen. 2003 wurde der das Album The Spirit symphony veröffentlicht und konnte nur über den offiziellen The Tribe Fan-Shop erworben werden. Es enthält instrumentale Stücke, die als Hintergrundmusik in der Serie verwendet wurden.
Am 12. Mai 2011 erschien das Album The Tribe Soundtrack, Vol. 1 und am 25. Oktober 2011 The Tribe Soundtrack, Vol. 2.
Des Weiteren wurden die ersten acht Folgen als Hörspiel veröffentlicht.

Am 1. Dezember 2011 erschien das Buch The Tribe: A new World von A. J. Penn, welches am 13. Dezember 2013 auch auf Deutsch unter dem Titel The Tribe: Eine Neue Welt erschien. Das Buch behandelt die Geschehnisse nach der fünften Staffel.
Im November 2012 erschien das Buch The Tribe: The Birth of the Mallrats geschrieben von Harry Duffin. Es ist der Auftakt zu einer neuen Reihe von Büchern, die die Staffeln aufarbeiten werden.

Seit Dezember 2017 wird die Serie neben englischer auch in deutscher und französischer Sprache in HD auf der Video-Plattform Vimeo von Cloud 9 digital zum Kauf angeboten.

Alle 5 Staffeln wurden 2020 bei Amazon Prime in deutscher Tonspur veröffentlicht.

Für das Jahr 2022 plant der PIDAX Film- und Hörspielverlag die Veröffentlichung der kompletten Serie auf Blu-ray Disc. Staffel 1 erschien am 4. Februar 2022, Staffel 2 wurde am 1. April 2022 veröffentlicht. Staffel 3 ist für den 1. Juli 2022 angekündigt. Staffel 4 und Staffel 5 sollen im August und Oktober 2022 erscheinen.

Medien

Buch-Veröffentlichungen

Deutsche Ausgaben

Vorgeschichten – "Unser Leben vor dem Virus"

Englische Ausgaben

Fanbücher

Diskografie

 2001: You belong to me (Single)
 2001: Abe Messiah (Album, Neuauflage 2006)
 2003: Abe Messiah (New Edition) (Album)
 2003: The Spirit Symphony (Soundtrack Staffel 4/5)
 2011: The Tribe – Soundtrack from the TV Series, Vol.1 (Download-Album)
 2011: The Tribe – Soundtrack from the TV Series, Vol.2 (Download-Album)

Weblinks

 Offizielle Website (englisch)
 Website von Cloud 9 (englisch)

Einzelnachweise und Anmerkungen

Fernsehserie (Neuseeland)
Science-Fiction-Fernsehserie
Endzeit-Fernsehserie
Kinder- und Jugendfernsehserie
KiKA
Fernsehserie der 1990er Jahre
Fernsehserie der 2000er Jahre

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Xino Tinnitus hearing aid is available in the Micro Behind-The-Ear style. It is designed as a treatment solution for those suffering from Tinnitus or ringing in the ears. This hearing aid features a customizable sound stimulus that can be adjusted for your comfort. The Xino Tinnitus hearing aid's goal is to mask or cover up your tinnitus and take the focus off of that nagging sound in your ear so you can focus on other things. Since many people with Tinnitus also suffer from hearing loss, the Xino Tinnitus hearing aid boasts advanced technology.
Click here to read more about the Xino Tinnitus hearing aid.


Our plan requirements were rather complicated with high specifications. What really impressed us was Steve Humpherson's integrity, attention to detail, imagination, design flair, patience and razor-edge memory. Nothing was too much of a bother either to research or re-draw. His ability to really listen to our requests meant that he was able to design us a house which works extremely well for all members of the family and also extended family when they come and stay.
In his dealings with builders and contractors on site, he was never frazzled and his ability to explain concepts and drawings meant that the plans translated well and smoothly. Steve's ability to relate well to all levels of professionals and tradesmen stand him in good stead. We are indeed very happy clients and have only the best of praise for the professional that Steve is.


text:
namespace Speedioc.Registration
{
	/// <summary>
	/// Default implementatyion of the <see cref="IRegistry"/> interface.
	/// </summary>
	public class Registry : Registrar, IRegistry
	{
		/// <summary>
		/// Registers types using the fluent <see cref="IRegistrar"/> interface.
		/// </summary>
		public virtual void RegisterTypes()
		{
			// Do nothing by default. Allow derived class to override and implement.
		}
	}
}


text:
The Family of 7-Year-Old Killed in Crash Has Set Up a GoFundMe
Luke Matsik Published: November 30, 2021
Kodi Holt, GoFundMe.com
The family of 7-year-old Kodi Holt, the child killed in a rollover crash in South Lubbock County on Monday, November 29th, has set up a GoFundMe page to help with funeral expenses.
The goal of the GoFundMe was set at $5,000, but as of 6:15 p.m. on November 30th, that goal had already been surpassed.
KAMC News reports that 33-year-old Ashley Nicole Holt was in the vehicle with her 2 daughters when she overcorrected and rolled on Woodrow Road near Frankford Avenue. Holt and her 10-year-old daughter, Kinley suffered serious injures but Kodi was pronounced dead at the scene.
Both Ashley and Kinley were said to have been recovering well in an update on GoFundMe. Kinley was said to have been moved from ICU into a regular room.
Sonya Ivie is listed as the organizer for the page, and an excerpt taken from the page says the following:
Please help the family of Kodi Holt with funeral & medical expenses. They had a tragic car accident taking the life of 7 year old Kodi Holt, & injuring her mom & older sister. Any small amount will help! Prayers needed!!!!
You can donate to the Holt family by clicking the link here.
Remembering the Lubbock Municipal Coliseum
5 Things to Miss About Lubbock If You Move Away
Filed Under: Car Crash, GoFundMe


text:
Q: Why the li hover is covering only the text part and not the whole li box? I'm trying to give the hover effect to the li which appears to cover only the text part and not the whole li-box. I wonder why is it happening like this?

*{
box-sizing: border-box;
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}
html, body{
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}

.container {
display: grid;
background-color: rosybrown;
border: 1px solid black;
justify-items: center;
}
.heading{
order: 2;
}

.main-nav{
order:1;
text-align: center;
width: 100%;
border-bottom: 1px solid rebeccapurple;
padding: .5em;
}

.main-nav ul{
 margin:0;
 }
.main-nav li:hover{
background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
}

 ul{
 padding: 0;
 }
 .main-nav li{
 display: inline;
 margin: 1em;

 }
<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Document</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="trialStyle.css">

The Love

Home

About

Store

A: The hover effect only covers the text part because that is the size of the rendered li element.
If you want the effect over a block, you could use padding instead of margin CSS property:
Refer the given link of W3 Schools below

*{
box-sizing: border-box;
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
}

html, body{
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}

.container {
display: grid;
background-color: rosybrown;
border: 1px solid black;
justify-items: center;
}

.heading{
order: 2;
}

.main-nav{
order:1;
text-align: center;
width: 100%;
border-bottom: 1px solid rebeccapurple;
padding: .5em;
}

.main-nav ul{
 margin:0;
 }

.main-nav li:hover{
background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
}

 ul{
 padding: 0;
 }

 .main-nav li{
 display: inline;
 /*padding: 1em;
 padding-bottom: 0.5em;*/
 padding: .5em;
 }
<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Document</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="trialStyle.css">

The Love

Home

About

Store

CSS Box Model

A: You can add padding to give space around text and display hover on it.
 .main-nav li{
 display: inline;
 margin: 1em;
 padding: 1em;

 }

A: If I am interpreting it right you are trying to get the li element to cover the entire height of the bar. If so the problem would be that you need to set the height of the li element to 100%. So edit your css script to look something like this:
.main-nav li{
display: inline;
margin: 1em;
height:100%;
}

*Basically the text is the entire element because no dimensions are set so you have to set them like this.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


LISBON, Portugal (AP) - Investigators in Portugal say they have recovered all the weapons stolen in June from the country's national armory.
The military police say in a statement they seized the military equipment about 15 kilometers (10 miles) south of the armory.
The statement issued Wednesday gave few details. The Defense Ministry never made public what items were taken from the armory at Tancos Air Base, 100 kilometers (60 miles) north of Lisbon, but Portuguese media said it included hand grenades.
Portugal's judicial secrecy law forbids the release of information about open investigations.
Police said the weapons are being inspected at an army arsenal and that investigation into the theft is ongoing.
Defense Minister Jose Azeredo later said the armory's electronic surveillance system was obsolete.


text:
← May I Be Excused to Commit Hara-Kiri, Please? | What I Imagine Hollywood Is Like →
It's Not What I Didn't Do; It's What I Can't Prove
Hey, folks. Sorry about abandoning you yesterday, but I decided at the last minute to go try out some new material at a comedy gig. No film for this one, but most of the bits went over pretty well, so you'll probably see them soon enough in the clips for the upcoming shows this month. You know — if you're into that sort of thing.
Anyway, I got home way late from the show, and in no position to whip up an entry before bedtime. And besides, you know the old saying: 'Friends don't let friends blog exhausted and tipsy.' Well, last night, I was my own best friend.
(No, no, ya filthy pervert — not that kind of 'my own best friend'. Jeez, you people never stop, do you?
And anyway, I said I was tired and beery. I wasn't equipped to be anyone's 'best friend' at that point. I couldn't have even just laid there and sweat without dozing off. Just not possible.)
The good news, though, is that in going last night, I found something to write about now. That's called synergy, people. It's all 'circles in circles', and shit like that. Very zen. Really.
Anyway, here's the thing from last night — I had one of those 'relationship-changing moments' just before the show. Unfortunately, it wasn't a relationship-improving moment, by any stretch. On the bright side, it also wasn't much of a relationship to begin with. Perhaps I should explain.
So, I was sitting in the audience, waiting for the show to start.
(At this place, sometimes the comics sit in the audience, because… well, frankly, there usually isn't an audience. Twenty or thirty comics come together to hang out, perform, and sit around not laughing at each others' jokes. Ah, good times, good times.
Honestly, most people are pretty nice out there. You won't get any sort of wild, raucous laughter — not without snarking on other goofball comics in the room, anyway — but the majority of comics are… how to put it? 'Moderately politely encouraging', maybe? That's pretty close. And a little depressing, but that's how it goes. We ain't playing the Improv here.)
So, I was sitting in the audience section, on a booth seat near the back of the room. And I was sitting next to, and talking to, an acquaintance, this guy who's also in the standup comedy class I'm taking. He's a nice guy — he always seems very polite and thoughtful; just a regular, down-to-earth good guy. Got that? Good.
So, we were sitting there chatting. There were other people in the vicinity, sitting further away or milling around, but no one was within maybe five feet of us.
There was a lull in the conversation, and that's when the moment occurred. Specifically, that's when I smelled — no, no, 'smelled' is the wrong word; let's say 'was bombarded by' — a horrific, rancid, eye-watering, toe hair-curling odor. A fart. A monstrous fart. The great-grandpoppy of all farts. I nearly fell out of my seat. Honest. It was bad.
Now, at that point, these three thoughts came to me:
First, I thought, 'Oh man — did I do that? Holy smoking skid marks, Batman!'
But I reflected on the last thirty seconds or so, and determined that there'd been no ass leakage on my end. Or, more to the point, from my end. So no, it wasn't me. I would have felt something that heinous coming out of me.
So then, I thought, 'Well, shit, then — it must have been this guy, right? There's no one else around.'
But that didn't seem right, somehow. Like I said, he seems like a cool, upstanding guy. And usually, the 'upstanding' ones are not the 'public pants-shitting' ones. That's just my experience, is all I'm saying.
And, to be fair, there were other people within range to float air biscuits our way. Barely, but they were there. And what combination of hellacious diet and superhuman sphincter muscles they'd have to possess to get that ridiculous stench all the way over to us… well, I can't even imagine. But still, the possibility was there, remote though it was.
And that's when the third thought occurred to me: 'Hey, if I didn't do it, and this guy didn't do it, then somebody else did it. But — but! — he must be wilting in this funky ass stench, too… and if he didn't do it, then he must think I did it! Bitches!'
Because you see, folks, contrary to my friend there, I have to believe that I am not the kind of guy that people would have a hard time believing would let loose a ripper in a public place. Which is not to say that I would, intentionally, dammit. I'm just saying that people probably would believe that I would.
And that's when I realized that no good could possibly come from this situation, and that the relationship with this new friend of mine would never be the same again.
For you see, one of two things had just happened. Either this guy had stealthily, without warning or apology, spewed forth a prodigious pootie right in the middle of our conversation, knowing that the funk would find its unholy way to me and make me wish for a quick and odorless death. Or — and this is far, far worse — this guy was thinking exactly the same about me.
And there's no fricking way out of it, either. You can't say, 'Wow, do you smell that?' We all know the 'smeller's the feller', right? You can't even take one for the team and say, 'I'm so sorry — excuse me, please! How rude of me!' Because you can't really know that the guy didn't do it himself — and people, there's nothing in the world that screams 'Wacko!' than taking credit for someone else's fart. To his face. That's just goddamned crazy.
So, we sat there, and suffered in silence, and let the moment sink in. I can't know exactly what he was thinking — all I know is that we'll never think of each other quite the same way again. And we can never speak of the ordeal. And that might be the funniest thing that happened at the show last night.
Not in a 'ha-ha' funny way, you understand. Just… funny. Bad funny. Meh.
Permalink | 8 Comments
Categories: A Doofus Is Me
8 Responses to "It's Not What I Didn't Do; It's What I Can't Prove"
#Debi says:
"prodigious pootie"–hehe! I do love me some alliteration!
You do know I had to nominate you for the Best of Blog Awards??
wlfldy says:
Possibly, you could've said something along the lines of 'Whooooa! You tried the chili, huh?' That way, you are either saying I know you did it, or you are saying, excuse me, I have chili back up…
Mellie Helen says:
Hey, I nominated you first. Do I get to sit near the open window for that?
Sychotic1 says:
I feel your pain. The "he who smelt it dealt it" rule really prohibits you from commenting. Unfortunately, airbombs can sometimes travel a distance and linger a while. If you have ever been to a supermarket where some supermom has decided to lay a landmine in the aisle and you happen to walk into it, you will know exactly what I am talking about.
Maybe instead of saying anything, you should have lit a match.
Chasmyn says:
I've been insituations like that, too. I used to have a friend who would do that all the time, and man, they were RANK, and he never, ever apologised or said anything. As if I couldn't smell that RANK in the room when it was just the two of us. Gross.
I also nominated you in the BoB awards.
SilverBubble says:
When I was in elementary school, these were the rules for farts:
1) If person A says that he/she smells a fart, person B is obligated to exclaim, "He who smelt it, dealt it!"
2) It is person A's moral and social obligation to vehemently reply, "He who denied it, applied it!"
And so the two were locked in eternal combat, never determining for a third-party person who farted. Which, of course, was the point anyway, since it was the third-party person who did it.
Dawn (webmiztris) says:
LOL! The "smellers the feller" and wackos who take credit for other people's farts had me rolling!!!!


text:
Q: AX2009 RU7 Custom Lookup Lists I have been successfully using a custom lookup for years in AX2009.  After uplifting to RU7, it seems the previous method no longer works.  Any suggestions as to what I should change in order to fix it?
Here is the code I've been using to call custom lookups:
public void lookup()
{
List    valueList = new List(Types::String);
;
    //add the choices to the list
    valueList.addEnd('@ABC123');
    valueList.addEnd('@ABC246);
//display the list using the customized syslookup routine
SysLookup::lookupList(this, valueList, "@ABC369");
super();
}

Here is the method I added to the sysLookup class:
public static client void lookupList(FormStringControl _formStringControl, List _valueList, str _columnLabel = '')
{
Args    args;
FormRun formRun;
;
if (_formStringControl && _valueList && _valueList.typeId() == Types::String)
{
    args = new Args(formstr(SysLookup));
    args.parmObject(_valueList);
    args.parm(_columnLabel);
    formRun = classFactory.formRunClass(args);
    formRun.init();
    _formStringControl.performFormLookup(formRun);
}
}

This worked perfectly until we installed RU7.  Now, we receive the following error:
Error executing code: DictEnum object not initialized.
(C)\Classes\DictEnum\label
(C)\Forms\SysLookup\Methods\run
(C)\Classes\FormStringControl\performFormLookup
(C)\Classes\SysLookup\lookupList - line 16
(C)\Classes\FormStringControl\Lookup
I'm open to suggestions as to how to fix the current problem or how to create the same effect in RU7 (without bringing in the pre-RU7 syslookup class, which does work, but isn't acceptable.)

A: I wonder what application version you could have been successfully using your custom lookup in.
It isn't working even in RU-3. I suppose your SysLookup form had been customized so that you could use your lookupList method - I suggest you to verify it.
Standard SysLookup form makes use only of args.parm() and not args.parmObject(), so your _valueList is not going to be used at all. You can check how the lookup form is called in \Forms\KMQuestionnaireStatistics\Designs\Design\[Tab:Tab]\[TabPage:RangesTab]\[Group:Ranges]\StringEdit:rangeGender\Methods\lookup
I don't know the value of your label "@ABC369", but in standard AX you won't have an error only if it this label holds some base enum's ID (e.g. "732" for NoYesCombo). You can also check it, however your List won't be displayed in the lookup. You'd better check how the SysLookup form had been customized in the environment where you've been successfully using the code snippet you provided.


Firstly, you need to have a bitcoin wallet. If you don't have one, you can register an account for free at blockchain.info. Then you'll get a bitcoin address (check your blockchain wallet dashboard, receive money, Addresses, Your receiving bitcoin addresses, the "Active" tab), which looks like some long random string. For example, my is "1D8kTXYk2srgGuTrCBP3wu64288GwqKCoS".
with the bitcoin address "1D8kTXYk2srgGuTrCBP3wu64288GwqKCoS" in it replaced by yours. It shows you a list of faucet sites - just click the button "start browing faucets", you are visiting the faucet sites using epay's rotator. And inside the faucet site page frame, all you need is to find the buttons like "Spin"/"Next"/"Claim" hidden in the ads and solve some captchas (to prove you're a human). After that, you'll get your free bitcoins paid into your epay account.
Once you get paid, you can click "visit next site" (on the right upper corner) to go on your earning. You can withdraw the bitcoins in your epay account to blockchain.info once you reach 0.00013000 BTC (this is not hard since if you play all faucet provided by epay at the time, you can earn 1,543,586 satoshi daily).


Welcome to Chlomo.org's new board on 8chan!
We will do our best to still keep the fan base up-to-date with the newest Chloë Grace Moretz content!
The Chlomo Folder are still active. If you want to learn more about how to use them, I will update this post later but you can also ask around on Discord for the time being or send an email to support@chlomo.org.
For those of you who wish to continue with the traditional board-style of Chloë discussions, this place is for you. Enjoy!


text:
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Eric André reveals reason behind Eric Andre Show hiatus
January 31, 2019 January 31, 2019 Mary Stevens 0 Comments eric andre, Lil Rel Howery, lil rel howery eric andre, pranks
It's Impractical Jokers meets Jackass. Eric André and Lil Rel Howery will star in a new movie following their cross-country road trip full of incentive pranks. That explains why we haven't seen a new Eric Andre Show since 2016. Bad Trip is co-produced by André, Jeff Tremaine, David Bernad, and Ruben Fleischer. Not surprisingly, Tremaine worked on the famed Jackass franchise On Tuesday, André addressed his 1.5 million Instagram followers, "sorry
Audio/Video News TV/Movies
Hannibal Buress 'kicks' Flavor Flav in the face on Eric Andre Show (VIDEO)
October 4, 2016 Dylan P. Gadino 0 Comments adult swim, eric andre, flavor flav, hannibal buress
What might be most intriguing about The Eric Andre Show, now in its fourth season on Adult Swim, is that semi-famous people keep showing up to be guests. This time it was Public Enemy hype man Flavor Flav, who appeared on the show to, it seems, promote his new solo album. What happened though, is what usually goes down on the Eric Andre Show– Eric Andre nudity, general bizareness and sidekick
News Opinion TV/Movies
Eric Andre posts full frontal nude photo on Instagram, promotes premiere of Eric Andre Show on Adult Swim (NSFW)
November 6, 2014 November 6, 2014 Laughspin Staff 4 Comments adult swim, chelsea handler, eric andre, instagram, social media
Perhaps following in the footsteps of Chelsea Handler, who recently posted a topless photo of herself in protest of Instagram's no nudity policy, comedian Eric Andre just posted a full frontal photo with the following message: "The curtains no longer match the carpet!!!! Enjoy the season 3 premiere of The Eric Andre Show – TONIGHT! #kattwilliamshair." Well, that's one way to promote the season premiere of your Adult Swim series.
How to Train Your Dragon star Jay Baruchel's FXX comedy series 'Man Seeking Woman' debuts in 2015
July 2, 2014 Billy Procida 1 Comment eric andre, FXX, Jay Baruchel, man seeking woman, simon rich, the last girlfriend on earth
This Is The End star and lead voice actor of the How To Train Your Dragon movies Jay Baruchel is now set to become a TV star. FXX ordered his pilot Man Seeking Woman to series. The comedy-centric FX offshoot greenlighted 10 episodes of the half-hour show based on Simon Rich's book The Last Girlfriend On Earth: And Other Love Stories. Baruchel plays Josh Greenberg, a naive romantic looking for
Eric André joins 'This is the End' star Jay Baruchel for FX comedy pilot
March 21, 2014 March 22, 2014 Billy Procida 1 Comment eric andre, Jay Baruchel, man seeking woman
The Jay Baruchel-led comedy pilot Man Seeking Woman on FX just got funnier. Stand-up comedian and amazingly subversive talk show hose Eric André has been cast alongside the This Is The End star. The show, based on Simon Rich's book The Last Girlfriend on Earth, Man Seeking Woman, is about Josh Greenberg (Baruchel) reentering the dating scene after being dumped by a longtime girlfriend. The naive romantic goes on his
Giveaways News TV/Movies
See the Eric Andre Show live and also win prizes!
November 15, 2013 November 15, 2013 Laughspin Staff 0 Comments adult swim, eric andre
Throughout this month, Adult Swim star Eric Andre is bringing his warped brand of comedy to the live stage. If you're lucky enough to live in or around the below cities, you'll be privy to Andre's warped take on late-night talk shows. But perhaps just as great, you can win stuff! Just click on the widget below to enter. They're giving away a bunch of prize packs and one grand
Audio/Video TV/Movies
Eric Andre drops his pants, shows his penis on The Jeselnik Offensive tonight (Video)
August 13, 2013 August 13, 2013 Dylan P. Gadino 0 Comments Anthony Jeselnik, Comedy Central, eric andre, T.J. Miller
All Anthony Jeselnik wanted to do was deliver a serious news story about a disturbing trend in the African nation of Malawi. It seems that male genitalia are fetching high prices on the black market there. But what happened after the well-meaning host gave some of the story's details was inexcusable. Inexcusable, I say! Comedian Eric Andre of Adult Swim fame — seated behind the segment desk with comedian T.J.
feature slider News
Lewis Black, Bill Burr, DL Hughley and more to play Laughfest; tickets on sale Nov. 30
November 28, 2012 Dylan P. Gadino 3 Comments al jackson, Andew Schulz, bill burr, brendon walsh, brian regan, bruce bruce, Cy Amundson, D.L. Hughley, eric andre, garfunkel and oates, Gary Valentine, Gilda's Club, grand rapids, Jackie Kashian, James Adomian, jamie lee, jim breuer, Joel McHale, Julian McCullough, lewis black, loni love, mary lynn rajskub, Mike Winfield, neal brennan, pete holmes, pete lee, ron funches, w. kamau bell, Wayne Brady
When Laughfest hits Grand Rapids, MI this coming March, it will mark the 10-day festival's third installment, yet it's wise beyond its years. Having already welcomed some of the biggest names in comedy (think Bill Cosby, Betty White, Jim Gaffigan) into the close-knit city during its first two colossal efforts, organizers this year had the challenge of producing an event to meet the comedy world's expectations. And judging by those
feature slider News TV/Movies
Comedians Hannibal Buress and Eric Andre heading to Adult Swim on Cartoon Network
January 30, 2012 January 30, 2012 Chelsea Dallas Falato 5 Comments adult swim, Caroon Network, eric andre, hannibal buress
Cartoon Network announced that they'll l be airing an all new late night talk show starring stand-up comedians Hannibal Buress and Eric Andre. They'll be joining the Adult Swim line-up! The new program, produced by Abso Lutely Productions who creates Tim & Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!, will feature Andre as the host with Buress (above) as his co-host. The show will take place in a different reality on a
Bridgetown Comedy Festival: Day 1
April 22, 2011 Meagan Kate 0 Comments adam clayton-holland, autism, bagdad theater, brent weinbach, bridgetown, bridgetown comedy festival, comedy central presents, comedy death ray, eric andre, hawthorne, last comic standing, live at gotham, lopez tonight, moshe kasher, Nikki Glaser, oregon, pabst, pbr, pete holmes, portland, Portlandia, Recap, ron funches, seattle international comedy festival, snob theater, stand-up, tanker bar, virginia jones
PORTLAND, OR – The first night of Portland's 4th annual Bridgetown Comedy Festival began last night and the skies of Oregon shined down. Literally. Like, it was over 50 degrees, you guys. There was sunshine. Every hipster in attendance was excited, but they would never tell you that. With 19 shows at eight venues along the popular Hawthorne Boulevard – there was a lot of laughter to be had. Though
Victor Varnado: Comedy nerd king
March 23, 2010 Brendan McLaughlin 0 Comments akward comedy show, baron vaughn, eric andre, hannibal buress, marina franklin, victor varnado
photo by Anya Garrett
Victor Varnado is not your typical black comedian, and not just because his skin is far from dark. Determined to prove funny is funny, armed with little more than his wit and smarts, Varnado is about to unleash the Awkward Comedy Show on Comedy Central, a concert special that will change the way you look at the black comedy experience. You may
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text:
Морські павуки ( Gerstaeker, 1777 = Pycnogonida) — клас морських членистоногих. Незважаючи на свою зовнішню схожість на павуків, Пантоподи є цілком окремою групою артропод. Відомо понад 1300 видів, більшість із них — мешканці субліторалі (частина морського дна завглибшки до 200 м) океанів і морів із нормальною солоністю води, але частину видів знайдено й на великих глибинах (до 5000—7000 м). У сильно опріснених морях Пантоподи відсутні. У Чорному морі знайдено сім видів, найпоширеніші Calipallene phantoma, біля берегів Криму — Tanystylum conirostre.

Морфологія

Дорослі особини

Довжина тіла (без ніг) становить від 0,8 до 18 мм. Воно складається з короткого тулуба (В — див. малюнок), який поділяється на головогруди (А) та рудиментарне черевце (С). До головогрудей спереду причленований так званий хоботок (1), а по боках — частіше чотири, рідше п'ять або шість пар ходильних ніг (6a, b, c, d). Довжина ніг часто в 10-20 разів більша за довжину тулуба, й здається, що тварина складається із самих тільки ніг. Головогруди складаються з 7-9 сегментів. Перші чотири сегменти зливаються між собою, утворюючи головний, або очний відділ, інші можуть бути або відокремленими, або зростатися між собою та головним відділом.
Від переднього краю тулуба над основою хоботка відходить перша пара кінцівок, так звані хеліфори (2), позаду них зразу ж розташована друга пара — пальпи (3). На черевній стороні хоботка розташована третя пара кінцівок — яйценосні ніжки (4). Хеліфори складаються з 2—3 члеників і закінчуються клішнею; пальпи 5-10-членикові, яйценосні ніжки, як правило, 10-членикові. Ці три пари кінцівок значно коротші, ніж ходильні ноги, й у русі участі не беруть. У деяких видів хеліфори, пальпи та яйценосні ніжки більш-менш редуковані.
До задньої частини головного відділу та до всіх інших сегментів причленовані ходильні ноги, що мають однакову будову й закінчуються одним кігтиком.
Тіло пантопод, що має, особливо в мілководних форм, численні шишкоподібні та горбкоподібні вирости, вкрите хітиновою кутикулою. Під кутикулою лежить епітелій, багатий на різноманітні залози.

Личинка
Серце й статеві залози в личинки відсутні, зате є провізорні (личинкові) органи, наприклад двоклітинні або багатоклітинні павутинні залози, що лежать в базальному членику хеліфор; їхні протоки відкриваються саме тут, на кінці порожнистого шипа. Секрет залоз у вигляді нитки, що твердне у воді, іноді слугує личинкам для прикріплення до муфти або безпосередньо до яйценосних ніжок самця, де вони залишаються до кінця метаморфозу. Але в більшості морських павуків личинка залишає самця й переходить до паразитичного способу життя, прикріплюючись до хазяїна за допомогою секрету тих самих залоз. У цих личинок відомі також різні пристосування для легкого проколювання стінок тіла хазяїна. Личинки паразитують на гідроїдних поліпах, актиніях, у мантійній порожнині двостулкових молюсків. Молодь Decachela dogieli розвивається на амбулакральних борозенках морських зірок. Деякі личинки ведуть ендопаразитичний спосіб життя всередині гастральної порожнини гідроїдів (роди Phoxichilidium та Anoplodactylus). Під час линяння вони втрачають другу та третю пари кінцівок, і личинка легко проходить крізь ротовий отвір гідроїда в його гастральну порожнину. Тут личинка росте, проте відновлені кінцівки міцно притискуються до тіла, і тварина має вигляд щільної грудочки.

Травна система
Ротовий отвір міститься на кінчику хоботка, всередині якого знаходиться велика мускуляста горлянка, що діє як насос. У її задній половині є складна система кутикулярних щетинко- та волосоподібних виростів, котрі подрібнюють та проціджують їжу. Тверді частинки, що після цього залишаються, викидаються через ротовий отвір. Середня кишка коротка, але має бічні вирости, які заходять майже в усі кінцівки, завдяки чому значно збільшується поверхня кишки. Задня кишка відкривається на кінці редукованого черевця. Живляться різноманітними безхребетними — гідроїдними та кораловими поліпами, медузами, губками, моховатками тощо.
Своїми кігтиками та хеліфорами морські павуки чіпляються до тіла жертви, наприклад колонії гідроїдних поліпів, розшукують гідранта й, зануривши в нього хоботок, висмоктують.

Кровоносна система
Кровоносна система незамкнена, представлена U-подібно зігнутою трубкою, що виконує роль серця, та системою лакун. Гемолімфа безбарвна.

Нервова система
Нервова система представлена над- і підглотковим гангліями, з'єднаними між собою конективами, й черевним нервовим ланцюжком. У деяких видів пантопод спостерігається концентрація гангліїв черевного ланцюжка. Своєрідну будову має частина нервової системи, що міститься в хоботку: на його передньому кінці є нервове кільце з трьома гангліозними потовщеннями, які з'єднані трьома нервовими корінцями з мозком. Від кільця вздовж горлянки тягнеться нервове плетиво.

Органи чуття
Органи чуття розвинені слабо. Є чотири примітивні вічка, що містяться на особливому непарному горбку на спинній стороні передньої ділянки тулуба. За своєю будовою вони близькі до наупліальних очей ракоподібних. За допомогою очей пантоподи здатні лише розрізняти напрямок світла. У глибоководних форм очі зникають. По всьому тілу пантопод розкидані численні чутливі волоски та щетинки.

Статева система
Пантоподи роздільностатеві. Наявний статевий диморфізм. Гонади закладаються по боках кишки, але потім відростки статевих залоз розміщуються у потовщених сегментах 4—7 пар ніг. Усередині ніг і дозрівають статеві продукти, які виводяться назовні через отвори на другому членику всіх або частини пар ніг. Яйця, відкладені самицями, намотуються самцями на яйценосні ніжки й склеюються виділеннями особливих клейких залоз у щільні муфти.
Дробіння яєць повне й рівномірне. В них формуються личинки, які мають коротеньке тіло з хоботком, тричлениковими хеліфорами та двома парами також тричленикових кінцівок.

Примітки

Література

Посилання
 Bio Lib — Sea spiders (Pycnogonida)
 Encyclopedia Britannica — Sea spider (arthropod, Pycnogonida class)

Членистоногі


text:
Q: How to suppress notifications in SPSS I want to write a syntax to automatically compute monthly collected data with the same structure. I have written the syntax but there are some notifications (no error warnings), which I have to close manually.
Is it possible to prevent SPSS from popping up these notifications?
Edit: Here is what the message says (I am using SPSS in German, so I have to translate it): "Die following Pivot-tables contain a very long line labeling. The tables can not be wrapped and will be scaled down to fit on the page. You can edit the tables manually, to narrow the line labelings." The only button is the OK-Button.


text:
Banter Speech & Language
Sydney speech pathologists helping adults and children speak for themselves.
Late Talkers
Unclear Speech
Language for preschoolers and school students
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How to treat speech sound disorders 2: The Complexity Approach – more bang for your buck?
16 July 2018 by David Kinnane 1 Comment
The "complexity approach" for treating children with phonological speech disorders has a lot of peer-reviewed research evidence to support it. But one study showed only 8% of speech pathologists use it (Brumbaugh & Smit, 2013). There are lots of reasons why:
Lack of knowledge: perhaps as many as 70% of speech pathologists aren't familiar with it. Some speech pathologists have never heard of it.
Lack of time: the Complexity Approach requires a very detailed, technical analysis of a child's speech sound system to plan treatment.
Limited assessment tools: traditional speech sound assessments don't produce the type of results and the amount of information necessary to pull together a comprehensive treatment plan using the approach. Until very recently, few assessment Complexity Approach resources have been available to support busy speech pathologists.
Heavy reliance on abstract concepts: You need to know a fair bit about phonetics and phonology to understand some of the treatment elements. Because of this theoretical complexity, the approach can be hard to explain to clients and their families.
It's hard for clients! In our clinical experience, kids need to be fairly resilient and willing to give the treatment a go, despite what can sometimes seem like impossible targets, especially in the beginning. We find less resilient kids usually do better with Cycles or targets based on a developmental approach, at least in the early stages of their treatment when we are still building rapport.
It's hard on speech pathologists! To do it properly, speech pathologists have to analyse and juggle four pieces of information, and then track them over time. This is hard for many of us (including me!) – especially when we are managing big caseloads with waiting lists.
Never give up, never surrender!
Confession time: we've attempted to use the Complexity Approach in our clinic a few times, but given up because of the various obstacles to getting it to work for our clients and their families. Despite all the barriers, we're trying hard to re-introduce the approach because we are committed to evidence-based practice.
Fortunately, we've recently had a big morale boost from Professor Holly Storkel, who has produced some outstanding free resources to help us get the approach into our practice to help clients (see links below).
Here's a summary of what the treatment involves:
1. Who developed the complexity approach?
Professor Judith Gierut and colleagues at Indiana University (e.g. Gierut, 1999, 2001, 2007; and Gierut & Hulse, 2010).
2. Who is it for?
Children aged 3-6 years:
with very low scores on standardised speech assessments (i.e. below the 5th-6th percentile); and
who are missing at least 5 speech sounds from their phonemic inventories.
3. What are its goals?
Children who benefit from this approach start from a long way behind most other children the same age. The goal of the Complexity Approach is to produce "system wide change" to children's speech to make them easier to understand and to close the gap with typically developing children as quickly as possible.
4. How does it work?
Right. Strap yourself in!
To make system-wide changes, speech pathologists using the Complexity Approach try to choose speech sound targets that will give kids the "biggest bang for their buck". The challenge with this approach is choosing the right speech sounds to target. To do this, speech pathologists think about four key things:
Typical development of speech sounds. We need to know the age when most children can say a speech sound, and the order in which they learn different consonant sounds. For example, most toddlers can say the /b/ sound. But many 5-year-olds still struggle with /r/ and voiceless and voiced "th" sounds (as in "bath" and "bathe"). You can read more about typical consonant acquisition here.
2. So-called "Implicational Universals". This sounds pretty academic, right? But stay with me! These 'universals' are simply patterns observed with speech sound systems around the world and the sounds they contain. Some consonant sounds are more complex than others. For example:
Long, "hissy" sounds called "fricatives" (like /f/ and /s/) are more complex than short "stops" like /p/ and /t/. What this means is that, usually, if a speech system includes fricatives like /f/ or /s/, it also includes stops, like /p/ or /t/. In other words, having fricatives in a system implies the system includes at least some stops (or the capacity to produce them).
"Affricate" consonants made up of a stop and a fricative like "j" or "ch" are more complex than fricatives like /f/ or /s/.
Semi-vowel 'liquid' and glide sounds like /l/ and /r/ are more complex than sounds made through your nose, like /n/.
'True consonant clusters' like /pl/, /sw/ and /fr/ are more complex than affricates like "j" or "ch".
So-called "small-sonority-difference clusters" like /sm/, /sn/ and /mj/ (as is "music") are more complex than "large-sonority-difference clusters" like /tw/, /kw/ and /pl/*.
True consonant clusters (like /tw/, /pl/, /br/, and /fl/) are more complex than so-called "adjunct clusters" like /sp/, /st/ and /sk/.
Three sound clusters (like /spl/, /skw/ and /spr/) are more complex than two sound clusters (like /sl/ and /pr/).
3. Sounds the child with the speech sound problem "knows". Phonological "knowledge" has a technical academic meaning well beyond the scope of this summary. In practical terms, what most clinical speech pathologists look at here is how accurately the child can say a given speech sound in different word positions (beginning, middle, and/or end of words), different tasks (e.g. on its own, in words, sentences, and in conversation), with different people (e.g. parents, speech pathologist, preschool educators) and in different places (e.g. home, clinic, preschool, play dates). Some kids can say a sound correctly on its own, or in a few words, or in one word position, or inconsistently. So-called "least-knowledge" targets are those speech sounds with no or very few correct productions. So-called "most-knowledge" targets are sounds the child can say accurately, at least about 20-40% of the time at word level. (Obviously, you wouldn't target sounds the child could say accurately 100% of the time.)
4. Sounds for which the child with the speech sound problem is "stimulable". Again "stimulability" has a technical meaning beyond the scope of this summary. In practical terms, speech pathologists choose speech sounds the child hasn't yet learned or acquired and then try to encourage or stimulate the child to produce the sound by giving the child lots of models containing the sound to copy (sometimes with tips about how to make the sound). For example, if testing to see if /l/ were stimulable, you could ask the child to imitate you saying: l, li, ili, il, la, ala, al, lu, ulu and ul (e.g. Miccio, 2002; Storkel, 2018).
5. What on earth does all this stuff mean in practice?
When using the Complexity Approach, speech pathologists should prioritise speech sound targets that:
are late-acquired developmentally;
are complex/marked (e.g. targeting fricatives rather than stops, true clusters rather single sounds, clusters with low sonority differences, rather than high (or negative) sonority differences*);
the child doesn't know/cannot yet produce accurately; and
the child is not yet stimulable for.
Again, the goal is to produce big, system-wide changes as quickly as possible.
6. Do all speech sound experts support the complexity approach?
No. For example:
Professor Susan Rvachew and colleagues have published results that – at least on first reading – seem to contradict Professor Gierut's findings (e.g. Rvachew & Nowak, 2011). For example, Rvachew and colleagues found that treating early-developing sounds that children can sometimes say correctly in some positions results in faster progress on the specific targets than treating later developing sounds that the child can't say (although the gains do not transfer as much to other sounds, compared to complex targets);
as with our experiences to date, many speech pathologists working in busy clinics find the treatment hard to implement "in the real world" for all the reasons set out above; and
clinically, some clients (and their families) find the Complexity Approach to treatment baffling, gruelling, and not very rewarding. I can't fault them for this because it's often true!
7. What happens in the therapy sessions?
Here's the funny thing. Although it can take a long time to identify the right targets during the management planning stage, actual treatment sessions based on the Complexity Approach look a lot like many other phonological interventions – it's just that the targets are more challenging.
For example, we might assess a five-year-old boy, Danny, and discover that his speech sound system is very limited, and contains no word initial consonant clusters (e.g. /sw/ or /bl/ words) or initial affricates (like "ch" or "j"). He can say /b/, /w/ and /f/ in word initial position. Choosing aggressive targets – say /sw/ words and word starting with "ch" and "j", you could:
do minimal pairs/near minimal pairs: get Danny to contrast /sw/ words with very similar words starting with a sound he knows, e.g. "sweet" v "wheat", or "cheat" v "feet", or "jam" v "bam"; and/or
do an "empty set": get Danny to contrast two sounds he can't yet produce, e.g. /sw/ words versus words starting with /bl/ (e.g. "sweet" v "bleat"); or to contrast words starting with "j" with words starting with "ch" (e.g. "cheap" v "jeep"); and/or
drill the target sound in words and sentences, in a similar to Cycles.
We also plan to add auditory bombardment and auditory discrimination tasks, the former borrowed from Cycles.
8. How long does it take?
This depends on the child, the child's speech system, the targets, and the amount of in clinic treatment and home practice. As a general rule, the more repetitions we can squeeze into our sessions and during homework, the better. For this reason, based on our positive experience with the Cycles Approach, we think focusing on one target only per session would help maximise treatment intensity in the clinic, although theoretically you can go after multiple targets per session.
As you would expect, treatment targeting complex sounds seems to take longer than when targeting earlier developing sounds. But, in theory at least, the gains are more likely to "transfer" to other, less complex sounds. For example, working on /sw/ words may transfer to /s/ initial and /w/ initial words, as well as other clusters. This results in system-wide phonological change: the goal of the treatment.
9. Does it work?
As far as phonological treatments go, the Complexity Approach has a fairly strong research evidence base (e.g. Baker & McLeod, 2011). But we don't yet have much clinical evidence showing it actually working in the real world.
10. Are assessment and target selection resources available to help clinicians to try the Complexity Approach out in the real world?
Yes! Professor Holly Storkel has recently published a terrific tutorial for clinicians (see citation below):
summarising the treatment and its research base;
providing free, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial licensed resources to help speech pathologists assess children, select targets and predict gains; and
working through three realistic case studies to help clinicians apply the resources in practice. (We're using the case studies at present to train our speech pathologists.)
Finally, sincere thanks from some grateful speech pathologists
We're very encouraged (and thankful) to Professor Storkel for publishing her tutorial, which removes at least some of the barriers to using the approach in our clinic. Thank you!
How to treat speech sound problems 1: the Cycles Approach
How to treat speech sound disorders 3: the Contrastive Approach – Minimal and Maximal Pairs
FAQ: In what order and at what age should my child have learned his/her speech sound consonants?
FAQ: 10 common speech error patterns seen in children of 3-5 years of age – and when you should be concerned
How to use principles of motor learning to improve your speech
Principal source: Storkel, H.L. (2018). The Complexity Approach to Phonological Treatment: How to Select Treatment Targets. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 49, 463-481.
Professor Storkel's free assessment and target selection resources (note the license terms).
* Sonority is hard to explain simply, and is probably a good topic for another day! Sonority refers to a sound's resonance – like when my kids (in my dreams) tell me I have a sonorous voice. Sonority generally rises at the start of a syllable, peaks at the vowel, and then falls at the end, e.g. in the word "bat". Voiceless stops and affricates like /t/ and "ch" have low sonority. Nasals, liquids and glides like /n/, /l/ and /r/ have high sonority. The sonority difference (also known as "distance") between two consecutive speech sounds can be calculated by giving each consonant type an arbitrary sonority ranking, with very sonorous sounds like /r/ getting a low score, and consonants with very little sonority like /t/ getting a high score. In word initial clusters (as in 'train'), you generally expect a positive difference between the two consonants in the cluster. For the purposes of understanding the complexity approach, word initial clusters with large sonority differences (as in /tr/) are seen as less complex/marked than clusters with a small sonority differences (e.g. /sm/) or negative differences (e.g. /sp/).
Image: https://tinyurl.com/y99hhfc4
Banter Speech & Language is an independent firm of speech pathologists for adults and children. We help clients in our local area, including Concord, Concord West, North Strathfield, Rhodes, Strathfield and all other suburbs of Sydney's Inner West.
Banter Speech & Language is owned and managed by David Kinnane, a Hanen- and LSVT LOUD-certified speech-language pathologist with post-graduate training in the PreLit early literacy preparation program by MultiLit, the Spalding Method for literacy, the Lidcombe and Camperdown Programs for stuttering, and Voicecraft for voice disorders. David is also a Certified PESL Instructor for accent modification.
David holds a Master of Speech Language Pathology from the University of Sydney, where he was a Dean's Scholar. David is a Practising Member of Speech Pathology Australia and a Certified Practising Speech Pathologist (CPSP).
Filed Under: Speech Tagged With: Complexity Approach, speech sound disorders, treatment for speech sound disorders
Liz Douglas says
Brilliant post, thank you so much.
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HURRICANE – When it comes to mountain biking in Utah, Moab is king, but some Southwestern Utah mountain biking enthusiasts would argue that Hurricane and its surrounding area are rising in the ranks.
Other local biking enthusiasts, however, disagree with that assessment.
The distinct advantage Moab has over Hurricane, and Washington County in general, is more trails, Brinkerhoff said.
Utahmountainbiking.com, one of the foremost sources for information on mountain biking in the Beehive State, features descriptions of just over 100 trails in the Moab area. When it comes to Southwestern Utah, it breaks the region up into two areas – those surrounding Gooseberry Mesa, which is closest to Hurricane, and those nearer St. George. It lists only 28 trails in the Gooseberry Mesa area. In the St. George area, it lists 40 trails. So with 68 total trails, this corner of the state has a ways to go.
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She said one of the biggest differences between Hurricane and Moab is that a lot of Moab's trails are old roads, while most of Hurricane's trails were purposely built for mountain biking. Hurricane's trails allow for interconnectivity with networks such as the Hurricane Rim and JEM, which provide the ability to enjoy 50 miles of trail without having to get in a vehicle to drive to another trailhead, she explained.
A few things that Moab has that Hurricane doesn't, Chacon said, is more events and more of a variety of events year-round, as well as more of a mountain biking atmosphere – the mentality for it, hotels that are friendly to bikers, restaurants with outdoor seating and a more consolidated main street.
A few things Hurricane has going for it is its proximity to Zion and the Interstate, she said.
More trails are being constructed in the Hurricane area, approximately 12 miles worth in the last few months, Chacon said. One new trail is near Quail Creek Reservoir, called Quail Creek Ridge. Another two have just opened in the JEM area, Dead Ringer and Cowbell, which are designed for beginners but are fun for any level of rider, Brinkerhoff said. Dead Ringer even has multiple line choices, he explained – riders can choose the path in some places they feel the most comfortable riding.
"The best thing that Hurricane/Washington County can do is create more of our own styled trails that draw people because they are fun and found in an amazing area," Brinkerhoff said, explaining that the last thing the area should do is to try to be a copy of Moab.
One of the things the area needs to be considered more of a mountain biking destination is more trails, Brinkerhoff said. The Dixie Mountain Biking Trails Association is actively seeking to construct more trails in Southern Utah.
Even with its current trails, Chacon said mountain bikers can come to Washington County, spend a week here and never ride the same trail twice.
One thing Hurricane specifically is lacking is hotels that cater to mountain bikers, including group rates and specials, Chacon said. But on the positive side, Chacon said it does have places providing a good mountain biker vibe, such as Main Street Cafe and Durangos, who are sponsors for some of the local mountain biking events.
In short, Chacon said Hurricane has quality trails but not the culture.
DJ Morisette agrees with Chacon, saying the Hurricane area needs more establishments that provide mountain bikers coming to the area with the atmosphere they want – somewhere they can hang out and have a beer. Right now, many mountain bikers end up in Springdale, she said. Creating that social vibe is exactly why a beer garden on the Hurricane Community Center lawn is a part of the Hurricane Mountain Bike Festival.
Another of Moab's advantages, DJ Morisette said, is it has a specific tourism center to provide information to mountain bikers.
"I think we're moving in that direction," she said of Hurricane.
Both Chacon and the Morisettes agree that mountain biking has a bright future in Utah's Dixie as they report their events' attendance has risen every year.
The momentum of mountain bikers in the area has increased tremendously in the last year, Brinkerhoff said.


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by L Todd Wood November 23, 2018 03073
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The Rasps Of Putin's Political Machine
Tsarizm Staff January 14, 2019 January 14, 2019
For The Mainstream Media, There Are Too Many Jews In Israel
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U.S. Must Rearm, Rebuild The Military And NATO
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text:
Q: Roll up image implementation using canvas - Python I want an image to scroll up inside a canvas. But I am unable to do it.
import tkinter

def scroll_image(event):
    global roll
    roll = roll - 10
    canvas1.itemconfig(canvas1.create_image(20, roll, image=i))

roll = 10
windows = tkinter.Tk()
windows.title("My Application")

# Adding canvas to show image there
canvas1 = tkinter.Canvas(windows, width=200, height=100)
i = tkinter.PhotoImage(file="Capture.gif")
canvas1.create_image(20, 20, image=i)

# trying to implement roll-up image
canvas1.itemconfig(canvas1.create_image(20, 20, image=i))
canvas1.bind("<Configure>", scroll_image)

canvas1.grid(column=0, row=2)

windows.mainloop()

I tried using loops but I noticed that loops are running as expected but unfortunately the canvas update is taking place only once. So I removed the loop. But I need to find a way out to implement a roll up image.

A: Image is moving up and down.
This example use

*

*module PIL/pillow to load jpg/png instead of gif

*after(time_in_millisecond, function_name) to repeat function which moves image

*img_id to use only one image (instead of creating many images with create_image)

*canvas.move(ID, offset_x, offset_y) to move image (or other object)

*canvas.coords(ID) to get current positon of image (or other object)

*canvas.pack(fill='both', expand=True) to use full window. Canvas will use full window even when you resize window.

Code:
import tkinter as tk
from PIL import Image, ImageTk

def scroll_image():
    global offset_y  # inform function that you want to assign value to external variable instead of local one.

    # move image
    canvas.move(img_id, offset_x, offset_y)

    # get current position
    x, y = canvas.coords(img_id)
    print(x, y)

    # set position (if you don't use canvas.move)
    #canvas.coords(img_id, x+offset_x, y+offset_y)
    # x += offset_x
    # y += offset_y

    # change direction
    if y <= -100 or y >= 0:
        offset_y = -offset_y

    # repeat after 20ms
    root.after(20, scroll_image)

offset_x = 0
offset_y = -3

root = tk.Tk()

canvas = tk.Canvas(root)
canvas.pack(fill='both', expand=True) # use full window

#photo = tk.PhotoImage(file="Capture.gif")
image = Image.open("image.jpg")
photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image)
img_id = canvas.create_image(0, 0, image=photo)

# start scrolling
scroll_image()

root.mainloop()

You can use also canvas.coords(ID, x, y) to set new position.

More examples on GitHub for: Tkinter and other Python's modules


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Daniel Bluman riding Ladriano Z. Photo by Ben Radvanyi Photography.
Toronto, Ontario – Israel's Daniel Bluman won the $85,000 GroupBy "Big Ben" Challenge on Thursday night, November 8, at the CSI4*-W Royal Horse Show, held as part of the 96th Royal Agricultural Winter Fair in Toronto, ON.
Catherine Tyree of the United States took third place with a clear round in a time of 33.32 seconds riding Bokai while Australia's Rowan Willis and Blue Movie were fourth after crossing the timers in 34.52 seconds. Canadian Olympian Beth Underhill of Schomberg, ON set the pace as the first to go in the jump-off, delivering a fantastic clear in 35.26 seconds aboard Count Me In, owned by Sandy Lupton, to round out the top five.
Also claiming a major victory on Thursday afternoon was 16-year-old Sam Walker of Nobleton, ON. Fresh off a win in the prestigious ASPCA Maclay Final at the National Horse Show in Lexington, KY on Sunday, November 4 – where he became only the fourth Canadian winner in the event's storied history – Walker returned home to Canada to also top the Running Fox CET Medal National Final.
Reserve Champion in the Running Fox CET Medal National Final was Beatrice Daviault of Saint-Damase, QC riding Lia; third place went to Mackenzy Nadeau of Carleton Place, ON aboard Ferraro K, owned by Brookstreet Stables. Rounding out the top four was Kyara Semrau of Foothills, AB with Cori Coletta.
Lexington, KY – May 12, 2017 – Sam Walker sped to the top of the High Junior and Amateur Owner Jumper class on Friday morning at the Kentucky Horse Park during the Kentucky Spring Horse Show. Walker was aboard Missy Clark's Twan and completed the speed course in the fastest clear time of 61.198 seconds. Addison Gierkink rode Wisconsin III to a second place finish one second slower in a clear time of 62.484 seconds, and Noel Fauntleroy took home the third and fourth place ribbons with Arbitrage and Mae, respectively.
Thirty-four entries competed in the Rolex Arena over a course that was designed by Maria Azevedo and was very similar to the track that was featured in the first round of the $35,000 Hagyard Lexington Classic CSI3* from Thursday evening.
Walker, a Canadian junior rider from Ontario, completed the speed course on the 16-year-old bay gelding who is owned by Missy Clark of North Run Farm. Walker and Twan have been competing together since March and had multiple top place finishes in the Junior Jumper and 1.30m divisions at the Winter Equestrian Festival.
No stranger to the show ring, Walker was raised on his families Forest Hill Farm and began riding at the age of four. Once his parents placed him on top of a horse, he has never looked back and has excelled at hunter, equation and jumpers.
Competing in her first show of the year, Ohio State University student Sara Santisi of Dublin, Ohio was on form, winning the Ariat National Adult Medal Friday morning at the Kentucky Spring Horse Show. Exhibitors were asked to navigate a course of eight fences designed by Bobby Murphy in the Claiborne Ring for the first round, and the top four to place returned for additional testing.
Returning in the reverse order of preference, riders were instructed to enter the ring at a walk, canter directly to fence two, halt, canter to fence eight, trot fence one, and exit the ring at a walk. Santisi was aboard her own Swedish Warmblood, Jackson, and scored an 83 in round one to come into the test in second place behind Emily Kowalchik who had an 88 in the first round.
The test played to Jackson's strengths, and Santisi took over the lead to win the class. The duo executed a beautiful, consistent round, where Jackson immediately picked up the left lead after the halt.
Santisi purchased Jackson, a 12-year-old gelding, five years ago and the duo showed together in the junior hunters in 2016 before she aged out. Having also competed in the jumpers for a year, Santisi enjoys watching the professional jumper classes while at Kentucky Horse Park. Lyriss Jaeger of Georgetown, Kentucky rose from a score of 78 in round one to claim second place aboard her own Catanova while Lindsey Tomeu piloted Red Drum, owned by Elm Creek Holdings, LLC, to the third place honors.
On Saturday, the hunters will take center stage in the Stonelea Ring where the Grand Champion Amateur-Owner Hunter will be named. The Kentucky Spring Horse Show will come to a close on Sunday after the $15,000 USHJA International Hunter Derby and the $5,000 World Equestrian Center/Kentucky Horse Shows USHJA National Hunter Derby.


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Two Florida middle schoolers have been charged with cyberstalking in connection with their classmate's suicide, according to police.
The two suspects, both 12-year-old students at Surfside Middle School in Panama City Beach, were arrested following an investigation into the January 10 suicide of 12-year-old classmate Gabriella Green, reports Fox News.
Authorities say the two minors were arrested after family and friends alerted police that Gabriella was a victim of cyberbullying. After looking at social media accounts and cell phones, investigators interviewed the two suspects with permission from their parents.
A police report says the students admitted to cyberbullying behavior that they knew would "result in emotional distress".
One of the suspects told police that she started rumors about Green having a sexually transmitted disease. The bullying also including "vulgar name-calling and threats to 'expose' personal and sensitive details of the victim's life." Police say the suspect deleted messages upon learning of the death, according to KTLA.
The other suspect told police he had a video call with Green during which she said she had attempted to hang herself and had red marks on her neck.
Neither of the students alerted adults or authorities that Gabriella was suicidal.
Authorities say their investigation did not reveal that the cyberbullying was the direct cause of Green's suicide but did say the actions of the suspects caused mental distress.
"These specific cell phone applications have been found to be the root of several dangerous and negative situations, such as cyberbullying, sexting and potential access by online predators," said the Panama City Beach police, who will be holding training in the coming weeks for parents on these social media apps and the dangers and signs of cyberbullying.
Gabriella's mother, Tanya Green, places blame on parents and the school system for her daughter's suicide. In a Facebook post, Green wrote her daughter had been targeted for a year but the school did not intervene.
"We took it up with the school several times. They did nothing," reads the post.
Green says the arrests are "gratifying" and hopes it will shine a light on the seriousness of cyberbullying.
On Monday morning, several parents held up anti-bullying signs and reprimanded the school's administration for what they call a lack of action taken against bullying, reports The News Herald. Many have called for action to be taken against Surfside administrators.


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Choreographer Sivasankar passes away at the age of 72
By Chennaivision in Cinema News, News November 29, 2021
Popular choreographer Sivasankar passed away at the age of 72 at a private hospital in Hyderabad.
He battled Covid-19 for the past few weeks. Sonu Sood, Dhanush, and Vishnu Manchu lent financial help to Sivasankar and his family.
Sivasankar's last rites will be performed today, November 29.
He is survived by his wife and two sons. While his wife is in home quarantine due to Covid-19, his elder son is in hospital for treatment.
Sivasankar was a popular choreographer in the Tamil and Telugu film industries. He was born on December 7, 1948, in Chennai. He started his career as an assistant choreographer.
Apart from choreographing for songs, Sivasankar acted in many Tamil and Telugu films. Celebrities from the Tamil and Telugu film industries took to social media to express their condolences.
Tags: Choreographer Sivasankar news, cinema news, featured, Kollywood cinema news, Latest cinema news, latest news, Sivasankar news
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ACL Injuries
Eric Pifel, MD
The Orthopedic Institute of Wisconsin
What is the ACL?
The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) is the large ligament in the center of the knee which provides stability for many motions, especially side to side activities
It does this by limiting the motion of the tibia (shin bone) on the femur (thigh bone)
Why is the ACL necessary?
It stabilizes the knee during cutting, twisting, turning, and jumping activities.
A stable knee is protected against other injuries and early degenerative changes.
Fig 1: Normal arthroscopic view of intact ACL
How is the ACL Injured?
Non-contact planting (stepping) injuries of the foot during sports
Contact injury to the knee, most commonly valgus (knock-knee) stress to the knee
Motor vehicle injury
Work twisting injury with a heavy load
Fig 2: ACL Tear with instrument showing laxity or looseness of the ligament
What happens without an ACL?
The knee become lax or loose
There can be increased pain with this looseness
The other structures of the knee are placed at risk for injury including the meniscus (shock absorbing cartilage), articular cartilage (arthritis cartilage), and other ligaments
What can be done when an ACL is injured?
ACL's cannot heal because their blood supplies are limited.
Most people cannot function to the level they previously had without the stability the ACL provides to the knee.
Some low demand patients or severely arthritic patients can exist without an ACL.
However, most people need to have the ACL reconstructed.
ACL cannot be repaired, but can be recreated by using other tissues to act as the ACL.
These tissues most commonly include the hamstring tendons, the patellar tendon, and a tissue from tissue donors.
The new reconstruction tissue is aligned within the knee to recreate the native ACL and is then fixed to the bone to allow healing.
Fig 3: Removal of Hamstring Tendons for ACL Reconstruction (image courtesy of Arthex, Inc.)
What to expect after an ACL reconstruction
Typically, the ACL reconstruction is done as an outpatient or home the same day surgery.
Most patients are on crutches for 10-14 days and begin therapy within the first week after surgery.
Therapy is a three to six month process of increasing strength, mobility, stability, and endurance for the leg. It is less and less frequent on a weekly basis as time passes.
Most people are able to return to their previous level of activity between 4-6 months after surgery.
Fig 4: Schematic and intraoperative picture of ACL reconstruction with screw fixation. (image courtesy of Arthrex, Inc.)
What are the risks of ACL surgery?
The risks in ACL surgery are small but some risks include infection, stiffness, re-tear in the ACL, inability to return to the previous level of function, blood clots, or injury to the neurovascular structures about the knee.
ACL injury is unfortunately very common in the active patient. However, there are excellent methods to treat this injury and get people back to their activities.


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