text:
{ah'-i-sha}
Aisha, b. 614, d. July 678, was the third and favorite wife of Muhammad and daughter of the caliph Abu Bakr. After the Prophet's death in 632, she opposed the fourth caliph, Ali. When her army was defeated by him in the "Battle of the Camel" (656), she retired to Medina.
Aisha or Ayeshah (circa 614-78), favorite wife of the Prophet Muhammad after the death of his first wife, Khadija. In order to strengthen ties with Abu Bakr, his chief adviser, Muhammad married Aisha, Abu Bakr's daughter, when she was about nine years old. (He was about 53 years old at the time.) Even after subsequent marriages of the Prophet, she remained devoted to him; she is known among Muslims as Mother of the Believers. After the death of Muhammad in 632, Aisha, a childless widow of 18, helped her father become first caliph, or ruler, of the Muslims. She remained politically inactive during his caliphate (632-34), but she later opposed the succession of Ali as fourth caliph (656-61) and incited an unsuccessful revolt against him.
"Aisha" is a common misspelling of Ayesha
Aisha bint Abu Bakr (Arabic: عائشة ʿ�ʾ 'isha, "she who lives", also transcribed as A'ishah, Ayesha, 'A'isha, or 'Aisha) was a wife of Muhammad. In Islamic writings, she is thus often referred to by the title "Mother of the Believers" (Arabic: أمّ المؤمنين umm-al-mu'minīn), per the description of Muhammad's wives as "Mothers of Believers" in the Qur'an (33.6), and later, as the "Mother of the Faithful", as in Qutb's Ma'alim fi al-Tariq (pps6). She is quoted as source for many Hadith (traditions about Muhammad's life), with Muhammad's personal life being the topic of most narrations.
Aisha is a controversial figure because of differing portrayals of her in Shia versions of Islamic history and her role in the First Fitna (first Islamic civil war) at the head of an army against Ali ibn Abu Talib in the Battle of Bassorah.
Aisha was the daughter of Um Ruman and Abu Bakr of Mecca. Abu Bakr belonged to the Banu Taym sub-clan of the tribe of Quraysh, the tribe to which Muhammad also belonged. Aisha is said to have followed her father in accepting Islam when she was still young. She also joined him in his (first) migration to Abyssinia (Ethiopia) in 615 AD; a number of Mecca's Muslims emigrated then, seeking refuge from persecution by the Meccans who still followed their pre-Islamic religions.
According to the early Islamic historian Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Aisha's father tried to spare her the dangers and discomfort of the journey by solemnizing her marriage to her fiance, Jubayr ibn Mut'im, son of Mut'im ibn 'Adi. However, Mut'am refused to honor the long-standing betrothal, as he did not wish his family to be connected to the Muslim outcasts. The emigration to Ethiopia proved temporary and Abu Bakr's family returned to Mecca within a few years. Aisha was then betrothed to Muhammad.
Marriage to Muhammad
Aisha was initially betrothed to Jubayr ibn Mut'im, a Muslim whose father, though pagan, was friendly to the Muslims. When Khawla bint Hakim suggested that Muhammad marry Aisha after the death of Muhammad's first wife (Khadijah bint Khuwaylid), the previous agreement regarding marriage of Aisha with ibn Mut'im was put aside by common consent. [2] Watt suggests that Muhammad hoped to strengthen his ties with Abu Bakr;[2] the strengthening of ties commonly served as a basis for marriage in Arabian culture.[3]
Aisha was six or seven years old when betrothed to Muhammad. She stayed in her parents' home until the age of nine, when the marriage was consummated.[2][4][5][6] The marriage was delayed until after the Hijra, or migration to Medina, in 622. Aisha and her older sister Asma bint Abi Bakr only moved to Medina after Muhammad had already fled there. Abu Bakr gave Muhammad the money to build a house for himself. After this, the wedding was celebrated very simply. After the wedding, Aisha continued to play with her toys, and Muhammad entered into the spirit of these games.[7]
Status as "favorite wife"
Even though the marriage may have been politically motivated, to mark the ties between Muhammad and his companion Abu Bakr, most early accounts say that Muhammad and Aisha became sincerely fond of each other. Aisha is usually described as Muhammad's favorite wife, and it was in her company that Muhammad reportedly received the most revelations.[1]
Accusation of adultery
Aisha was traveling with her husband Muhammad and some of his followers. Aisha claimed that she had left camp in the morning to search for her lost necklace, but when she returned, she found that the company had broken camp and left without her. She waited for half a day, until she was rescued by a man named Safwan ibn Al-Muattal and taken to rejoin the caravan. This led to speculation that she had committed adultery with Safwan. Muhammad's adopted son Zayd ibn Harithah defended Aisha's reputation. Shortly after this, Muhammad announced that he had received a revelation confirming Aisha's innocence and directing that charges of adultery be supported by four eyewitnesses.[8] These verses also rebuked Aisha's accusers,[9] whom Muhammad ordered to receive forty lashes, among them his poet Hassan ibn Thabit.[10][11]
Story of the honey
Ibn Kathir wrote in his biography of Muhammad that Muhammad's wife Umm Salama Hind bint Abi Umayya was given a skin filled with honey, which she shared with her husband.[12] He stayed overlong with Umm Salama Hind bint Abi Umayya; at least in the opinion of Aisha and her co-wife Hafsa bint Umar. Aisha and Hafsa conspired. Each of them was to tell Muhammad that the honey had given him bad breath. When he heard this from two wives, he believed that it was true and swore that he would eat no more of the honey. Soon afterwards, he reported that he had received a revelation, in which he was told that he could eat anything permitted by God.[13] In the following verses, Muhammad's wives are rebuked for their unruliness: "your hearts are inclined (to oppose him)".
Word spread in the small Muslim community that Muhammad's wives were tyrannizing him, speaking sharply to him and conspiring against him. Umar, Hafsa's father, scolded his daughter and also spoke to Muhammad of the matter. Muhammad, saddened and upset, separated from his wives for a month. By the end of this time, his wives were humbled and harmony was restored.
When Muslim commentators on the Qur'an explicate At-Tahrim, Sura 66, it is usually this story that is told to explain the "occasion of revelation."
There is a similar but alternative explanation of this chapter, also involving Aisha. In this story, Aisha and her co-wives were unhappy because Muhammad was infatuated with Maria al-Qibtiyya, the Coptic Christian woman who bore Muhammad a brief-lived son. (Some accounts say that she was a slave, some that she converted to Islam, was freed, and was taken as a wife.)[14]
Death of Muhammad
Ibn Ishaq, in his Sirah Rasul Allah, states that during Muhammad's last illness, he sought Aisha's apartments and died with his head in her lap. The Sunni take this as evidence of Muhammad's fondness for Aisha. The Shia deny this, and say that Muhammad died with his head in Ali's lap.[15] Aisha never remarried after Muhammad's death. A passage in the Qur'an forbids any Muslim to marry a widow of Muhammad:
Nor is it right for you that ye should annoy God's Apostle, or that ye should marry his widows after him at any time. Truly such a thing is in God's sight an enormity.
Qur'an 33:53
After Muhammad
Aisha's father becomes the first caliph
After Muhammad's death in 632 AD, Aisha's father, Abu Bakr, became the first caliph, or leader of the Muslims. This matter of succession to Muhammad is extremely controversial to the Shi'as. Shia believe that Ali had been chosen to lead by Muhammad; Sunni maintain that the community chose Abu Bakr, and did so in accordance with Muhammad's wishes.
Battle of Bassorah
Abu Bakr's reign was short, and in 634 AD he was succeeded by Umar, as caliph. Umar reigned for ten years, and was then followed by Uthman Ibn Affan in 644 AD. Both of these men had been among Muhammad's earliest followers, were linked to him by clanship and marriage, and had taken prominent parts in various military campaigns. Aisha, in the meantime, lived in Medina and made several pilgrimages to Mecca.
In 656 Uthman was killed by rebellious Muslim soldiers. The rebels then asked Ali to be the new caliph. Many reports absolve Ali of complicity in the murder. He is reported to have refused the caliphate. He agreed to rule only after his followers persisted.
Aisha raised an army which confronted Ali's army outside the city of Basra. Professor Leila Ahmed claims that it was during this engagement that Muslim slaughtered Muslim for the first time.[1] Battle ensued and Aisha's forces were defeated. Aisha was directing her forces from a howdah on the back of a camel; this 656 battle is therefore called the Battle of the Camel.
Ali captured Aisha but declined to harm her. He sent her back to Medina under military escort. She lived a retired life until she died in approximately 678 under the reign of Muawiyah I.
Sunni and Shia views of Aisha
Sunni historians see Aisha as a learned woman, who tirelessly recounted stories from the life of Muhammad and explained Muslim history and traditions. She is considered to be one of the foremost scholars of Islam's early age with some historians accrediting up to one-quarter of the Islamic Sharia (Islamic religious law), based on the collection of hadiths, to have stemmed from her narrations. Aisha became the most prominent of Muhammad's wives and is revered as a role model by millions of women.[1]
Shia historians believe that Ali should have been the first caliph, and that the other three caliphs were usurpers. Aisha not only supported Umar, Uthman, and her father Abu Bakr, she also raised an army and fought against Ali, her stepson-in-law. Shia believe that she did wrong in rebelling against Ali.[16]
Goodwin, Jan. Price of Honour: Muslim Women Lift the Veil of Silence on the Islamic World. UK: Little, Brown Book Group, 1994
Watt, "Aisha", Encyclopedia of Islam Online
Amira Sonbol, Rise of Islam: 6th to 9th century, Encyclopedia of Women and Islamic Cultures
Barlas (2002), p.125-126
Sahih Bukhari 5:58:234, 5:58:236, 7:62:64, 7:62:65, 7:62:88, Sahih Muslim 8:3309, 8:3310, 8:3311, Sunnan Abu Dawud 41:4915, 41:4917
Tabari, Volume 9, Page 131; Tabari, Volume 7, Page 7
Watt, Muhammad, Oxford University Press 1961, page 102.
Surah 24:4
Watt, M "Aisha bint Abi Bakr". Encyclopaedia of Islam Online. Ed. P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill Academic Publishers.
Glubb (2002), p. 264f.
Muhammad's Wives in the Books of al-Sira
Qu'ran 66:1
Rodinson 1961, pp. 279-283
Death and Burial
Shia sources:
a)Al Shafi, Vol. No. 2, Page No. 108
b) Haqq-ul-Yaqeen, Page No. 139
c) Hayat-ul-Quloob, Vol. No. 2, Page No. 901
Barlas, Asma, Believing Women in Islam: Unreading Patriarchal Interpretations of the Qur'an,
Rodinson, Maxime -- Muhammad, 1980 Random House reprint of English translation
Spellberg, D.A. -- Politics, Gender, and the Islamic Past: the Legacy of A'isha bint Abi Bakr, Columbia University Press, 1994
Aisha bint Abi Bakr, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions, Oxford University Press, 2000
Rizvi, Syed Saeed Akhtar. -- The Life of Muhammad The Prophet, Darul Tabligh North America, 1971.
Aisha - 9 year-old bride
Muslim documentation of her earliest life.
Sahih Al-Bukhari, Hadith, Volume 5, Book 58, Number 234
Narrated Aisha: The Prophet engaged me when I was a girl of six (years). We went to Medina and stayed at the home of Bani-al-Harith bin Khazraj. Then I got ill and my hair fell down. Later on my hair grew (again) and my mother, Um Ruman, came to me while I was playing in a swing with some of my girl friends. She called me, and I went to her, not knowing what she wanted to do to me. She caught me by the hand and made me stand at the door of the house. I was breathless then, and when my breathing became Allright, she took some water and rubbed my face and head with it. Then she took me into the house. There in the house I saw some Ansari women who said, "Best wishes and Allah's Blessing and a good luck." Then she entrusted me to them and they prepared me (for the marriage). Unexpectedly Allah's Apostle came to me in the forenoon and my mother handed me over to him, and at that time I was a girl of nine years of age.
Narrated 'Aisha: I used to play with the dolls in the presence of the Prophet, and my girl friends also used to play with me. When Allah's Apostle used to enter (my dwelling place) they used to hide themselves, but the Prophet would call them to join and play with me. (The playing with the dolls and similar images is forbidden, but it was allowed for 'Aisha at that time, as she was a little girl, not yet reached the age of puberty.) (Fateh-al-Bari page 143, Vol.13)
Sahih Muslim, Book 8, Number 3309
Chapter 10: IT IS PERMISSIBLE FOR THE FATHER TO GIVE THE HAND OF HIS DAUGHTER IN MARRIAGE EVEN WHEN SHE IS NOT FULLY GROWN UP.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) married me when I was six years old, and I was admitted to his house at the age of nine. She further said: We went to Medina and I had an attack of fever for a month, and my hair had come down to the earlobes. Umm Ruman (my mother) came to me and I was at that time on a swing along with my playmates. She called me loudly and I went to her and I did not know what she had wanted of me. She took hold of my hand and took me to the door, and I was saying: Ha, ha (as if I was gasping), until the agitation of my heart was over. She took me to a house, where had gathered the women of the Ansar. They all blessed me and wished me good luck and said: May you have share in good. She (my mother) entrusted me to them. They washed my head and embellished me and nothing frightened me. Allah's Messenger (, may peace be upon him) came there in the morning, and I was entrusted to him.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported: Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) married me when I was six years old, and I was admitted to his house when I was nine years old.
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) married her when she was seven years old, and he was taken to his house as a bride when she was nine, and her dolls were with her; and when he (the Holy Prophet) died she was eighteen years old.
Sunan Dawud - Book 41, Number 4915
Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin: The Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) married me when I was seven or six. When we came to Medina, some women came. according to Bishr's version: Umm Ruman came to me when I was swinging. They took me, made me prepared and decorated me. I was then brought to the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him), and he took up cohabitation with me when I was nine. She halted me at the door, and I burst into laughter.
Narrated AbuUsamah: The tradition mentioned above (No. 4915) has also been transmitted by AbuUsamah in a similar manner through a different chain of narrators. This version has: "With good fortune. " She (Umm Ruman) entrusted me to them. They washed my head and redressed me. No one came to me suddenly except the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) in the forenoon. So they entrusted me to him.
Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin: When we came to Medina, the women came to me when I was playing on the swing, and my hair were up to my ears. They brought me, prepared me, and decorated me. Then they brought me to the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him) and he took up cohabitation with me, when I was nine.
As an older man of fifty-plus years, Muhammad married a mere child of six years old and co-habited with her when she was 9 years old. As quoted above, the most trusted collections of hadiths establish the authenticity of this oral tradition. But still, Western Muslims are embarrassed by these hadiths. Sometimes they use a Weak hadith defense to excuse Muhammad's child marriage.
At other times, they use an Arabic culture defense by claiming that no one has the right to judge Oriental culture by Occidental norms. Now, this is a strange defense to make, since Muslims frequently criticized Western culture as being morally decadent. If another culture cannot be morally evaluated, then other cultures must not be judged as morally decadent. But, this conclusion is not acceptable to Muslims, since they argue that an Islamic culture is the better culture. So, we must conclude that cultures may be evaluated morally, or that, someone is hypocritically judging others while not permitting themselves to be judged by the same standard.
However, if hypocrisy is not a good alternative, then it is concluded that cultures may be evaluated morally. In fact, it is permissible, and even desirable, to have moral discussions on cultural issues. Moral discussions on cultural issues occur in many different cultures.
So, the problem of Muhammad marrying a child cannot be defended on Eastern cultural grounds. The issue remains as to whether or not Muhammad acted rightly in marrying a six year old. Certainly, it is wrong according to the natural order of Allah's creation. In fact, many nations of the world list such behavior as a crime against nature. Thus, it must be concluded that Muhammad committed a grave moral sin against the moral order of Allah's creation. And, his behavior is a reprehensible example for others to follow. It is tragic to read news reports of old men marrying children in some Islamic countries, because they seek to follow the example of Muhammad who married a child. Muhammad had such an interest in fondling young girls, he criticized even the lawful marriage union of two grown adults.
Sahih Al-Bukhari Volume 7, Book 62, Number 17
Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah: When I got married, Allah's Apostle said to me, "What type of lady have you married?" I replied, "I have married a matron' He said, "Why, don't you have a liking for the virgins and for fondling them?" Jabir also said: Allah's Apostle said, "Why didn't you marry a young girl so that you might play with her and she with you?'
In the classic history of "The Life of Muhammad" (Sirat Rasul Allah) by Ibn Ishaq, there is an account in which Muhammad expressed a marital interest in a crawling baby. This event seems to have occurred around the time of the Battle of of Badr which would have made Muhammad approximately 55 years old. He had married Ayesha two years earlier, when he was 53 years of age.
(Suhayli, ii. 79: In the riwaya of Yunus I. I. recorded that the apostle saw her (Ummu'lFadl) when she was a baby crawling before him and said, 'If she grows up and I am still alive I will marry her.' But he died before she grew up and Sufyan b. al-Aswad b. 'Abdu'l-Asad al-Makhzumi married her and she bore him Rizq and Lubab...1
So, Muhammad's interest in young girls extended beyond Ai'sha ('Ayesha). Why would anyone think that Muhammad's sexual interest in babies be "the timeless expression of the Will of Allah?" How does such a prurient desire support Muhammad's claim to be a prophet of Allah? Such a desire by an old man is contrary to nature, and it is a perversion against the moral order of Allah's universe.
Yet, according to Islam, Muhammad is the perfection of humanity and the prototype of the most wonderful human conduct. He married a nine year-old and leaves an enduring legacy for old Muslim men to fulfill their carnal desires contrary to natural law and to the life-long devastation of young girls.
1 Ibn Ishaq, The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah, Translated by A. Guillaume, Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, (Re-issued in Karachi, Pakistan, 1967, 13th impression, 1998) 1955, p. 311.
The Wives of Muhammad
Khadijah bint Khuwaylid
Sawda bint Zama*
Aisha bint Abi Bakr*
Hafsa bint Umar
Zaynab bint Khuzayma
Umm Salama Hind bint Abi Umayya
Zaynab bint Jahsh
Juwayriya bint al-Harith
Ramlah bint Abi-Sufyan
Rayhana bint Amr ibn Khunafa**
Safiyya bint Huyayy
Maymuna bint al-Harith
Maria al-Qibtiyya**
* succession disputed
** status as wife or concubine is disputed
Modern Effect of Muhammad and Aisha
Many Muslim countries consider only men to be important, where women are not allowed to go to school, to drive, to work, or even to talk to any other adult man who is not a relative.
We are aware of a specific situation in Saudi Arabia, where a Judge decided that he could not Annul a marriage in 2008, between a 58-year-old man and an 8-year-old girl. Sadly, that is not an unusual situation, as the girls and their parents have virtually no rights against a man who claims to be husband, and therefore, owner, of any woman or girl. Many Muslim countries officially declare that the Age of Consent of a girl is generally around 12 or 13 years old, but local Tribal Jurisdiction often overrides any National guideline on this, and 'wives' who are 7 or 8 or 9 years old are not uncommon. And, like in the Saudi Arabia Court Case, the man is accepted as husband, the girl virtually never has any rights at all. This seems to even extend to life and death, where a man with several wives apparently does not even need to present any cause to murder one or more of his wives. It seems more common that they decide to keep them as wives but to throw battery acid in their faces to make the girl/woman so ugly that no man would ever want to even talk to her.
Many people have tried to find ways of helping such girls and women over many decades, but the Tribal Authority in many Muslim countries is considered to be of religious basis, thereby automatically superceding any governmental authority. It is hard to see how such girls and women are ever likely to have any rights at all.
Also, see:
Islam, Muhammad
Koran, Qur'an
Testament of Abraham
Revelation - Hadiths from Book 1 of al-Bukhari
Belief - Hadiths from Book 2 of al-Bukhari
Knowledge - Hadiths from Book 3 of al-Bukhari
Times of the Prayers - Hadiths from Book 10 of al-Bukhari
Shortening the Prayers (At-Taqseer) - Hadiths from Book 20 of al-Bukhari
Pilgrimmage (Hajj) - Hadiths from Book 26 of al-Bukhari
Fighting for the Cause of Allah (Jihad) - Hadiths of Book 52 of al-Bukhari
ONENESS, UNIQUENESS OF ALLAH (TAWHEED) - Hadiths of Book 93 of al-Bukhari
Hanafiyyah School Theology (Sunni)
Malikiyyah School Theology (Sunni)
Shafi'iyyah School Theology (Sunni)
Hanbaliyyah School Theology (Sunni)
Maturidiyyah Theology (Sunni)
Ash'ariyyah Theology (Sunni)
Mutazilah Theology
Ja'fari Theology (Shia)
Nusayriyyah Theology (Shia)
Zaydiyyah Theology (Shia)
Kharijiyyah
Imams (Shia)
Qarmatiyyah (Shia)
Ishmael, Ismail
Early Islamic History Outline
Hegira
Kaaba, Black Stone
Sunnites, Sunni
Shiites, Shia
Sahih, al-Bukhari
Abbasids
Ayyubids
Umayyads
Fatimids (Shia)
Ismailis (Shia)
Mamelukes
Interactive Muslim Calendar
The individual articles presented here were generally first published in the early 1980s. This subject presentation was first placed on the Internet in December 1997.


text:
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using System.Runtime.InteropServices.WindowsRuntime;
using VacationMasters.Mail;
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using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls.Primitives;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Data;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Input;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Media;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;

// The User Control item template is documented at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=234236

namespace VacationMasters.Screens
{
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
🗞 Facebook's Capitol riots problem
Oct 6, 2021 • 11M
Subscribe to NOT BILLABLE to get a private link for listening in your favorite podcast player. Learn about RSS.
Welcome to Not Billable. Weekly legal news updates. Full event replays. And, a chance to hear from industry leaders about what's been going on behind the scenes. Powered by Lawtrades, and hosted by their Head of Community, Matt Margolis.
This week: Facebook's other big crisis and the law firm embroiled in the Pandora Papers scandal. Plus, the Supreme Court starts one of its most important sessions in recent years.
😐 What role did Facebook play in the January 6 Capitol riots?
It's nearly impossible to keep track of the number of problems piling up at Facebook these days.
Here's one you might've missed (while you were unable to log on to Insta or WhatsApp): A whistleblower says Facebook made a key error that may have helped users plan the January 6 Capitol riot.
The Facebook whistleblower is Frances Haugen: After leaving the company, she has helped release damning information to the WSJ and appeared on "60 Minutes" on Sunday.
She dropped a major scoop about post-election security: Haugen said Facebook dismantled a unit dedicated to managing election misinformation to chase growth after the 2020 election ended. "Fast forward a couple of months," she told "60 Minutes," "we got the insurrection."
Facebook was a key tool in the riots
The rioters used Facebook to plan their break-in into the Capitol and for spreading misinformation related to the election, according to the New York Times.
Section 230 protects Facebook from almost anything damaging these users did on its platform. But the public scrutiny will remain very high.
🔗 The legal links in the Pandora Papers
What's going on with the Pandora Papers? And what might be the legal repercussions? Here's a quick guide.
The gist of the Pandora Papers: Released last week, the Pandora Papers show hundreds of corporations and politicians engaging in offshore tax havens and shell companies, according to the WSJ. Those things generally aren't illegal, but the report notes "these affairs often amount to shifting profits from high-tax countries, where they are earned, to companies that exist only on paper in low-tax jurisdictions." The maneuvering means companies get added secrecy, and the public loses out on their tax contributions.
At least one huge law firm is involved: Ever heard of Baker McKenzie? According to the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, the firm had a prominent role in helping companies and politicians -- including some connected to corruption and authoritarian regimes -- avoid taxes through shell companies.
The legal questions at hand: As mentioned, using tax shelters and making shell companies usually isn't illegal on its face. But several countries have already announced they will initiate investigations of key figures. As for Baker McKenzie, law professor Richard Painter told the ICIJ, "Not being illegal doesn't make it right."
🧑⚖ What's on tap in the new Supreme Court session
The Supreme Court started its latest session, back in person, and it is being billed as one of the most important years. Here's a rundown of why it could be so consequential, per CNN:
School vouchers and religion: On Dec. 8, the Supreme Court will hear a case about school vouchers in Maine for families with no public school option. Some families choose religious options, but the state doesn't allow every type of religious institution. If the Court continues its drift toward a greater emphasis on the freedom of religion, it will likely side with more flexibility for the vouchers.
Abortion: Mississippi enacted a 15-week abortion ban, and the legal challenge against it will be heard on Dec. 1. The ban has already been batted down by lower courts but if SCOTUS sides with the law it will overturn Roe v. Wade.
Concealed carry: New York has a law that requires people seeking an unrestricted license to carry to provide a specific reason for their need for self-defense. It has been upheld in federal courts. But 2nd Amendment activists believe it could lead to a reduction in the right to bear arms. The case will be heard on Nov. 3.
A general theme: Justices have been saying in recent public appearances they aren't partisan and merely have different legal philosophies. It's highly unlikely the general public will be convinced in a major session like this one.
💌 What else we're forwarding
Big Law's talent retention problem: People are leaving Big Law because all the money in the world isn't enough for the grueling schedules they must endure.
Elizabeth Holmes's best defense was delay, delay, delay: Before the Holmes trial started, there were numerous delays. Now some prosecution witnesses are having difficulty relaying details from so many years ago.
🎧 Music we're working to
Today we're listening to Jackie Mittoo, a Jamaican keyboardist and composer. He was a member of the popular ska group, The Skatalites. He began playing keyboard at the age of 4 and went on to become the "funkiest keyboard player ever to come out of Jamaica" according to Sounds of the Universe. We're listening to his 1970 album, Now, which shows a range of styles including a great reworking of "Eleanor Rigby".
Now - Jackie Mittoo (50m, some vocals on "Holly Holy" and "Totally Together")
Spotify / Apple Music / YouTube Music / Amazon Music

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


After hitting us with songs like "Mask On" & "Ghetto Gospel" recently, Houston rapper Sauce Walka decides to come through today and share the rest of his new project Drip God.
The follow up to last years Saucefather tape contains 17 songs in total and features guest appearances from Chief Keef, XXXTentacion, Bun B, Hoodrich Pablo Juan, and more. Meanwhile production is responsible by the likes of DJ Carnage, Iceman Chamberlain & JRag2x, among others.
Out now, fans can stream the project in its entirety via Apple Music/ Spotify. Hit play and let us know what you think.


Immerse yourself into the mysterious atmosphere of an ancient land and travel through 100 dazzling levels, solving plenty of puzzles on the way! A continuously moving chain of colored gems rolls past the stone idol of a chameleon, guide the idol in blasting away these gems before they reach the hole. Rainbow powerups match any color of jewel, so make good use of them as the speed and complexity of the game progresses. When you finish each level, your score is converted to money that you can spend at the shop. Buy your chameleon extra lives or new skins, each with different powerups and effects! Can you unlock them all?


Your body's balance of two different fatty acids – omega-6 and omega-3 – is called the omega-6:omega-3 ratio (omega-3 is commonly found in fish oil supplements and fatty fish like salmon). Most people in the United States get much more omega-6 from their diet than omega-3, so they have a high ratio.
So read on to find out a few ways a high omega-6:omega-3 ratio can negatively affect your health – and learn how you can improve your body's balance of these two fatty acids.
Omega-3 can help shut down inflammation in your body – but omega-6 fatty acids actually promote inflammation . High amounts of omega-6 compared to omega-3 can thus increase the risk of diseases that involve chronic inflammation (including heart disease) .
Omega-3, commonly found in fish oil supplements, can help shut down inflammation in your body. But omega-6 actually promotes inflammation.
On the other hand, a low omega-6:omega-3 ratio can minimize inflammation. A 2:1 ratio, for example, has been shown to reduce inflammation in people with rheumatoid arthritis .
Scientists have found that higher omega-6:omega-3 ratios increase the risk of obesity . The risk of obesity drops, however, the more omega-3 your body has.
Higher omega-6:omega-3 ratios can increase the risk of obesity.
For example, various studies indicate that supplementing with omega-3 can lower body weight in lean, overweight, and obese people .
There's reason to believe that a high omega-6:omega-3 ratio can be bad for your bones. Case in point: a study of women and men – between the ages of 45 and 90 – explored the link between omega-6:omega-3 ratios and bone mineral density. The researchers behind the study discovered that higher omega-6:omega-3 ratios were linked with lower bone mineral density .
A high omega-6:omega-3 ratio can be bad for your bones.
How Can You Improve Your Omega-6:Omega-3 Ratio?
Improving your body's omega-6:omega-3 ratio comes down to reducing your intake of omega-6 and boosting your omega-3 consumption. You can do that by avoiding foods that have been cooked with vegetable oils with a high omega-6 content – like corn oil, cottonseed, safflower, soybean, and sunflower oils.
Instead, opt for oils with lots of omega-3 – such as flaxseed, perilla, and chia seed oils.
Also, try to eat oily fish 2-3 times a week – and consume less meat (other than fish). Oily fish – like salmon and mackerel – are rich sources of omega-3.
It can also be helpful to know what your current omega-6:omega-3 ratio is, as this can tell you how close you are to the ideal ratio. EverlyWell's at-home Omega-3 Plus Test is a convenient way to do just that, so learn more about this easy-to-use kit here.
To improve your omega-6:omega-3 ratio, it can be helpful to know what your current ratio is like. EverlyWell's at-home Omega-3 Plus Test is a convenient way to do just that.


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Absentee ballots will be in the spotlight at hearing on North Carolina House race
By Leigh Ann Caldwell and Jeremia Kimelman and Rich Gardella with NBC News Politics • Updated: 18/02/2019
Republican Mark Harris, left, and Democrat Dan McCready - Copyright AP; McCready for Congress
RALEIGH, N.C. — The North Carolina State Board of Elections is scheduled to begin its long-awaited hearing Monday into allegations of election irregularities that center around absentee ballots in the still uncertified election between Republican Mark Harris and Democrat Dan McCready in the state's ninth congressional district.
The election has been embroiled in turmoil since the race ended last November, leaving the district unrepresented since the new Congress was seated on January 3.
Beginning Monday, the board will hear arguments about allegations of ballot fraud that revolve around Harris's commanding advantage in absentee ballots, particularly in Bladen County, a rural area between Fayetteville and Wilmington in the southeastern part of the state.
Publicly released affidavits have included allegations from North Carolina voters that their absentee ballots were illegally collected and, in some cases, either tampered with or discarded. The state board has been investigating how widespread such incidents might have been.
A new NBC News analysis of raw state election data found that 3,510 absentee ballots requested district-wide were never turned in and no vote was counted for those individuals by any other method. For Bladen County alone, that number was 472.
The results in Bladen County absentee voting were one basis for the board's scrutiny. Harris has an unofficial lead over McCready by just 905 total votes.
His campaign racked up a winning margin of 1,557 votes in Bladen County. Sixty-one percent of the absentee ballots there were cast for him even though just 19 percent of those were cast by registered Republicans.
At the center of the controversy are allegations of illegal collection and manipulation of absentee ballots by political operative McCrae Dowless and others working for him. Dowless was hired by the political consulting firm Red Dome Group as an "independent contractor" to help the Harris campaign in Bladen County.
The board is expected to hear from dozens of witnesses called by the state as well as the Harris and McCready campaigns. Those include Dowless, Andy Yates, head of the Red Dome Group, Harris and voters whose ballots may have been tampered with or illegally collected.
At the conclusion of the hearing, which could last more than one day, the board of elections will decide whether to certify the race in favor of Harris, the Republican, or hold a new election.
Harris and the North Carolina Republican Party have maintained their distance from Dowless and are asking the board to certify the election.
McCready is calling for a new election, arguing that evidence that's already become public shows that Dowless' "get-out—the-vote" efforts "tainted" a greater number of absentee ballots than the apparent margin of victory in the race.
Representing McCready is long-time attorney for the Democratic Party and the Clintons, Mark Elias, a sign of how important the party views this election.
Under state law, the board has the power to order a new election in a given contest if it determines there were enough widespread "irregularities or improprieties" to "taint the results of the entire election and cast doubt on its fairness."
The state board has been investigating Dowless and allegations about his absentee ballot operation since at least 2016. Candidates who previously have hired Dowless — both Republican and Democrat — have achieved similar, seemingly disproportionate victories in Bladen County absentee voting.
In a letter to the North Carolina State Board of Elections, the Democratic-led U.S.House of Representatives said it could conduct its own investigation if the election of Harris is certified at the end of the hearing. The House has final say over whether to seat its members.
Czech politics Jerusalem attack Police violence Protest Czech Republic Donald Trump
CZECH POLITICS JERUSALEM ATTACK POLICE VIOLENCE PROTEST CZECH REPUBLIC


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Adapting to Climate Change in the Smaller Pacific Island States
produced by Larry Thomas, 1961- (New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community (Organization), 2013), 43 mins
Climate Change is among the most serious challenges facing Pacific Island countries and territories. The small island nations of Cook Islands, Tuvalu, Kiribati and Federated States of Micronesia are no exception particularly with the impacts posed to their communities. This documentary is part of a series of infor...
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Climate Change is among the most serious challenges facing Pacific Island countries and territories. The small island nations of Cook Islands, Tuvalu, Kiribati and Federated States of Micronesia are no exception particularly with the impacts posed to their communities. This documentary is part of a series of informational videos produced by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community's Global Climate Change Alliance: Pacific Small Island States Proj... Climate Change is among the most serious challenges facing Pacific Island countries and territories. The small island nations of Cook Islands, Tuvalu, Kiribati and Federated States of Micronesia are no exception particularly with the impacts posed to their communities. This documentary is part of a series of informational videos produced by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community's Global Climate Change Alliance: Pacific Small Island States Project - a European Union funded initiative being implemented in 9 Pacific Small Island States. Show more Show less
Larry Thomas, 1961-, Warne Valentine, fl. 2014
Larry Thomas, 1961-
Secretariat of the Pacific Community (Organization)
Speaker / Narrator
Warne Valentine, fl. 2014
Topic / Theme
Sea level rise in the Pacific, Food supply, Climate change mitigation, Climate change, Ecology, Pacific Islanders, 21st Century in World History (2001– )
Copyright Message
Amazonia: Voices from the Rainforest
directed by Glenn Switkes, fl. 1981 and Monti Aguirre, fl. 1991; produced by Glenn Switkes, fl. 1981 and Monti Aguirre, fl. 1991, Amazonia Film Project (San Francisco, CA: The Video Project, 1991), 1 hour 9 mins
For 500 years the indigenous people of the Amazon have defended their homeland against the invasion that has brought the mass extinction of over 700 tribes and destruction of the rainforests in which they live. Amazonia gives voice to these native people, as well as the riverine dwellers, rubber tappers, and small...
For 500 years the indigenous people of the Amazon have defended their homeland against the invasion that has brought the mass extinction of over 700 tribes and destruction of the rainforests in which they live. Amazonia gives voice to these native people, as well as the riverine dwellers, rubber tappers, and small farmers, all of whom depend on the rainforests along the Amazon River. This uniquely crafted film blends vivid first-person accounts o... For 500 years the indigenous people of the Amazon have defended their homeland against the invasion that has brought the mass extinction of over 700 tribes and destruction of the rainforests in which they live. Amazonia gives voice to these native people, as well as the riverine dwellers, rubber tappers, and small farmers, all of whom depend on the rainforests along the Amazon River. This uniquely crafted film blends vivid first-person accounts of the struggle for survival in the forests with stunning cinematography. Show more Show less
Glenn Switkes, fl. 1981, Monti Aguirre, fl. 1991, Amazonia Film Project
Glenn Switkes, fl. 1981, Monti Aguirre, fl. 1991
The Video Project
Monti Aguirre, fl. 1991
Indigenous peoples, Ecology, Rainforests, Environmental protection, Invasions, American Indians
Copyright © 2012 Speciality Studios, The Video Project
Drummit2summiT: A Documentary
directed by Ryan Gibbons, fl. 2009; produced by Rhonda Alfonso, fl. 2002 and Christopher Laird, 1945-, Gayelle Television (Trinidad and Tobago: Banyan Productions, 2009), 45 mins
Documentary on the Drummit to Summit held during the Summit of the Americas in Trinidad 2009. Opening sequence Keywords: Ecology, conservation and social activism
Verna St. Rose-Greaves, Lincoln Douglas, fl. 2009, Stephen Cadiz, Errol Fabien, 1960-, Rhonda Alfonso, fl. 2002, Christopher Laird, 1945-, Gayelle Television
Ryan Gibbons, fl. 2009
Banyan Productions
Social activism and activists, Ecology, Conservation of natural resources
Copyright © 2009. Used with permission of the Banyan Archive.
Ecos do Brasil, Episode 9, Ecos Urbanos
directed by Dener Giovanini, 1967-; presented by Dener Giovanini, 1967-; produced by Joana Levy, fl. 2011, Canal Futura and DGCA - Filmes, in Ecos do Brasil, Episode 9 (Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro State: Canal Futura, 2011), 25 mins
La serie recupera el pasado reciente de nuestra historia medioambiental, rica en experiencias, éxitos y fracasos, y también muestra los desafíos de la sostenibilidad en Brasil. Las declaraciones nos hacen reflexionar sobre la necesidad de planificar qué será de nuestro entorno en el futuro.
The series recovers the...
The series recovers the recent past of our environmental history, rich in experiences, successes and failures, and shows Brazil's sustainability challenges....
The series recovers the recent past of our environmental history, rich in experiences, successes and failures, and shows Brazil's sustainability challenges. The statements cause us to reflect on the need to plan what will become of our environment in the future.
Joana Levy, fl. 2011, Canal Futura, DGCA - Filmes
Dener Giovanini, 1967-
Canal Futura
Ecos do Brasil
Copyright © 2011 by Canal Futura
Ecos do Brasil, Episode 11, Ecos da Água
directed by Dener Giovanini, 1967-; presented by Dener Giovanini, 1967-; produced by Joana Levy, fl. 2011, Canal Futura and DGCA - Filmes, in Ecos do Brasil, Episode 11 (Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro State: Canal Futura, 2011), 26 mins
Water resources development
Elephant Blues
directed by Philippe Gautier, fl. 1993; produced by Farid Rezkallah and Serge Lalou, 1962-, Les Films d'Ici and 24 Images (New York, NY: DigiNext Films, 2014), 1 hour 30 mins
Elephant Blues is the true story of Ojas, a 4 year-old girl who lives in a forest in South India amongst elephants. She owes this childhood to her mother, Prajna, an Indian woman who left behind everything in search of her identity close to the roots of her culture, to live in the forest, with elephants, much like...
Elephant Blues is the true story of Ojas, a 4 year-old girl who lives in a forest in South India amongst elephants. She owes this childhood to her mother, Prajna, an Indian woman who left behind everything in search of her identity close to the roots of her culture, to live in the forest, with elephants, much like a hermit known in Indian mythology, Palakapya: a story that haunts her.
Now, Prajna's sole obsession is to pass on to Ojas the value...
Now, Prajna's sole obsession is to pass on to Ojas the values that guided her in her choices. She knows that the environment in which her daughter grows up will mark her imagination and will forge her identity but her duty as a mother also reminds her that she has to prepare her child to confront human society. So, she devotes every instant of her little girl's childhood trying by all means to put off the apprehended moment when they both will have to set out to the very world that Prajna had chosen to leave behind.
Prajna Chowta, 1970-, Farid Rezkallah, Serge Lalou, 1962-, Les Films d'Ici, 24 Images
Philippe Gautier, fl. 1993, Prajna Chowta, 1970-
DigiNext Films
Prajna Chowta, 1970-
Wildlife conservation, Indians (Asian), 21st Century in World History (2001– )
Copyright © 24 Images 2014
In Good Hands: Culture and Agriculture in the Lacandon Rainforest
directed by Jaime Kibben, 1947-2003; produced by Steve Bartz, fl. 1994 and Jaime Kibben, 1947-2003 (San Francisco, CA: The Video Project, 1994), 28 mins
While inefficient agricultural methods are destroying much of the world's rainforests, the Lacandon Maya of Chiapas in southern Mexico have been practicing a sustainable form of rainforest farming for centuries. Dr. James Nations, an ecological anthropologist, has worked with the Lacandones for many years. In Good...
While inefficient agricultural methods are destroying much of the world's rainforests, the Lacandon Maya of Chiapas in southern Mexico have been practicing a sustainable form of rainforest farming for centuries. Dr. James Nations, an ecological anthropologist, has worked with the Lacandones for many years. In Good Hands follows Nations as he interacts with three Lacandon elders who show how they farm in the forests. The video also examines how cu... While inefficient agricultural methods are destroying much of the world's rainforests, the Lacandon Maya of Chiapas in southern Mexico have been practicing a sustainable form of rainforest farming for centuries. Dr. James Nations, an ecological anthropologist, has worked with the Lacandones for many years. In Good Hands follows Nations as he interacts with three Lacandon elders who show how they farm in the forests. The video also examines how culture, mythology and religion influence their agricultural methods.The Lacandon approach to farming provides the basis for developing a practical alternative to destructive rain forest farming. However, only a few families still practice these ancient methods, as modernization and civil strife threaten their traditional way of life. Show more Show less
Steve Bartz, fl. 1994, Jaime Kibben, 1947-2003, James D. Nation, fl. 1994
Jaime Kibben, 1947-2003
James D. Nation, fl. 1994
Conservation of natural resources, Sustainable agriculture, Rainforests, Cultural anthropology, Lacandón
The Last Yoik in Saami Forests?, Consulting the Destruction?
written by Hannu Hyvönen, fl. 1985; directed by Hannu Hyvönen, fl. 1985, in The Last Yoik in Saami Forests? (Watertown, MA: Documentary Educational Resources (DER), 2007), 10 mins
Made for the United Nations, this documentary chronicles the logging damage that has taken place in the forests of Finnish Lapland over the past 50 years. Home to the indigenous Saami peoples, these Northern old growth forests are essential to Saami reindeer herding, a traditional way of life that the Saami hope t...
Made for the United Nations, this documentary chronicles the logging damage that has taken place in the forests of Finnish Lapland over the past 50 years. Home to the indigenous Saami peoples, these Northern old growth forests are essential to Saami reindeer herding, a traditional way of life that the Saami hope to continue into future generations. Population growth in Finland has created economic pressure - prompting migration to the Saami lands... Made for the United Nations, this documentary chronicles the logging damage that has taken place in the forests of Finnish Lapland over the past 50 years. Home to the indigenous Saami peoples, these Northern old growth forests are essential to Saami reindeer herding, a traditional way of life that the Saami hope to continue into future generations. Population growth in Finland has created economic pressure - prompting migration to the Saami lands in the North. The resulting forest cutting severely depletes the lichen necessary for free reindeer grazing, and logging infrastructure disrupts the entire forest ecosystem. Made for the United Nations, this documentary chronicles the logging damage that has taken place in the forests of Finnish Lapland over the past 50 years. Home to the indigenous Saami peoples, these Northern old growth forests are essential to Saami reindeer herding, a traditional way of life that the Saami hope to continue into future generations. Population growth in Finland has created economic pressure - prompting migration to the Saami lands in the North. The resulting forest cutting severely depletes the lichen necessary for free reindeer grazing, and logging infrastructure disrupts the entire forest ecosystem. A tense conflict emerges between the alliance of Greenpeace and Saami activists, who in 2005 set up a "Forest Rescue Station" in the woods to stop the cutting, and logging workers, worried about losing their jobs, who create their own "anti-terror camp" in response. The situation becomes dramatic as those in the "anti-terror" camp continually assault the Greenpeace workers with noise and threatening behavior. Last Yoik in Saami Forests? implicates the state-owned logging company Metsahallitus in the exploitation of Saami resources, and shows that the Finnish government has done little to preserve this natural resource. The film explores possible economic alternatives to logging, such as tourism, as well as more efficient uses for Lappish timber than paper pulp, fuel or railways stocks - the wood is an excellent building material that could be commanding a higher price. The issue of indigenous land rights is the heart of the problem, and as of the completion of this film in 2007, it remains unresolved. Show more Show less
Hannu Hyvönen, fl. 1985, Longgena Ginting, fl. 2007, Tove Selin, fl. 2007, Larry Lohman, fl. 2007, Chris Lang, fl. 2007, Rita Thomasson, fl. 2007
Hannu Hyvönen, fl. 1985
Documentary Educational Resources (DER)
The Last Yoik in Saami Forests?
Rita Thomasson, fl. 2007
Finnish, Sami, Property rights, Logging, Social activism and activists, Forests, Herders, Cultural identity, Tribal and national groups, Reindeer, Ecosystems, Conservation of natural resources, Ethnography, Saami
© Documentary Educational Resources
The Last Yoik in Saami Forests?, Niilas Somby - Yoiking the Saamiland
Hannu Hyvönen, fl. 1985, Niilas Somby, fl. 2007, Rita Thomasson, fl. 2007
The Last Yoik in Saami Forests?, Same Sad Story Around the Globe
written by Hannu Hyvönen, fl. 1985; directed by Hannu Hyvönen, fl. 1985, in The Last Yoik in Saami Forests? (Watertown, MA: Documentary Educational Resources (DER), 2007), 3 mins
Hannu Hyvönen, fl. 1985, Amaranta Cornejo Hernández, fl. 2007, Rita Thomasson, fl. 2007
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Q: Find k to make f(x) a probability density function $$f(x)=\begin{cases}\frac{kx^3}{(1+2x)^6} \space\space\space &x>0 \\0 &x\le0\end{cases}$$
Find $k$ so that $f(x)$ can serve as a probability density function.

A: We must solve the integral $$\int_0^{\infty} k\frac{x^3}{(1+2x)^6}=k\int_0^{\infty} \frac{x^3}{(1+2x)^6}=1$$
Apply integration by parts to solve
$$\int_0^{\infty} \frac{x^3}{(1+2x)^6}$$
Let $u=x^3$, $v' = \frac{1}{(1+2x)^6}$
Then  take
$$\begin{align*}
uv-\int vdu
\end{align*}$$
This is a pain to solve, but software should give you a result of $\frac{1}{320}$ so then $k$ must be $320$.

A: Hint:
Use the fact that if $f(x)$ defines a probability density function, then:$$\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} f(x) \mathrm{d}x =1$$
Can you use this fact here?
Edit:
To integrate $I = \int \frac{x^3}{(1+2x)^6} dx$, use the substitution $u =1+2x$, to get, $$I = \frac{1}{16}\int \frac{(u-1)^3}{u^6} du$$
Hope you can take it from here.

A: It is a pain: Use partial fractions (thanks Maple etc):
$$\frac{x^3}{(1+2x)^6} = -\frac{3}{8(1+2x)^4} -\frac{1}{8(1+2x)^6}+\frac{3}{8(1+2x)^5}+\frac{1}{8(1+2x)^3}$$
You can then do the integrals with a simple substitution $y=1+2x$.
Eventually, you find $k=320$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: Efficient plotting of part of a hierarchical cluster I am running agglomerative clustering on a data set of 130K rows (130K unique keys) and 7 columns, each column ranging from 20 to 2000 unique levels. The data are categorical, specifically alphanumeric codes. At most they can be thought of as factors. I am experimenting with what results I might get from a couple of alternatives to k-modes, including hierarchical clustering and MCA.
My question is, is there any good way to visualize the results up to a certain level with the tree structure?
Standard steps are not a problem:
library{cluster}

*

*Compute Gower distance,
ptm <- proc.time()
gower.dist <- daisy(df[,colnams], metric = c("gower"))
elapsed <- proc.time() - ptm
c(elapsed[3],elapsed[3]/60)

*Compute agglomerative clustering object from Gower distance
aggl.clust.c <- hclust(gower.dist, method = "complete")

Now to plotting it. The following line works, but the plot is humanly unreadable
plot(aggl.clust.c, main = "Agglomerative, complete linkages")

Ideally what I am looking for would be something like so (the below is pseudocode that failed on my system)
plot(cutree(aggl.clust.c, k=7), main = "Agglomerative, complete linkages")

I am running R version 3.2.3. That version cannot change (and I don't believe it ought to make a difference for what I am trying to do).
I'd be interested in doing the same in Python, if anyone has good pointers.

A: I found a useful answer to my question re plotting part of a tree using the as.dendogram() method. Link: http://www.sthda.com/english/wiki/beautiful-dendrogram-visualizations-in-r-5-must-known-methods-unsupervised-machine-learning


XtreemOS 2.0 provides a brand new application management system that searches for workable computing resources in the grid that meet the requirements of current applications. Among them is the XtreemFS distributed filesystem in its current version 1.0, which is mountable over the Internet. Global process management allows for cluster-wide PIDs and management tools, such as ps, top or kill, as well as an (experimental) restart function for applications. The XtreemOS team also provides a programming interface named XOSAGA that is based on the Simple API for Grid Applications (SAGA) standard. Details on the features are in the project release notes.
As of version 2.0 the EU project is also open to external users. ISO versions and images exist for VirtualBox and KVM on the project download page, as well as source code versions on a project member's GForge webpage. XtreemOS is based on Mandriva Linux and is under GPL and partly under BSD license. Mailing lists and an "active" IRC channel named #xtreemos-dev are available.
XtreemOS works on two logical levels: the foundation level (XtreemOS-F) has a compatible kernel for various target platforms, while the grid level (XtreemOS-G) prepares the services for the resource network.
The XtreemOS project works as an international consortium. The newest contributor is the Kerlab firm behind the Kerrighed grid Linux, a spin-off from France's national Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automatic Control (INRIA). Many of the other XtreemOS teams recruit from INRIA, but also from such as NEC Deutschland GmbH, SAP and the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.
Today at the Open Source Business Conference, EnterpriseDB announced that GridSQL, the company´s business intelligence and data warehousing solution, is now available under the GPLv2 open source license.


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Ruby Trance Volume 18
Ruby Trance Volume 9
Enter Redemption Code
Ruby Tube
Ruby Trance Volume Four [SingleCD]
In this volume it is our pleasure to present to you music which is old, and music which is new.
The remix of AfterAll was produced by the Swedish group D-Wave (remember their track "Why Cant We" on our Volume 3) as their response in an entry to a competition for new remixes of Afterall. Sadly, they discovered afterwards that the competition was only open to North American residents. In our opinion its a pity, as if it had been included, it would surely have won - in our opinion its equal to the Airscape remix of Deleriums Silence. After much negotiation by the Ruby team, it has now been officially recognised by the record company. As such, it is our great pleasure to present this remix to you, in what is the first official release. It is worth the effort, as it is a truly remarkable piece of music, capturing both the brilliance of the original arrangement and vocals, plus the mastery of one of the greatest remixes we have heard.
The rework of the early 90's ballad, Hazard was produced by a team called Lost Knowledge, which includes one of our Sydney DJ's, Nick Jay. It also includes the vocals of another Sydney boy, Mat Lorentzen. Listen to this local talent go - yaay.
All tracks are chosen to take you on a musical and emotional journey. If, at the end of the CD, you feel much happier, and your spirits are much higher, then the music has done its work. For us, part of the selection criteria is that each track sends a tingle down our spine each time we listen to it, and so the CD means as much as it does to you, the listener.
We are very proud to present Ruby Trance Volume Four.
© 2015 Ruby Dance. All rights reserved. | Credits
Web Development by WCP Digital


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Nintendo Goes Cardboard With Labo
Wednesday, January 17th 2018 7:12 pm
That oddest of major video game publishers, Nintendo, is following up the success of the Switch with 'Labo,' a new initiative which involves DIY cardboard accessories that can transform the Switch's Joy-Con controllers into everything from a fishing rod to a functional 13-key cardboard piano to a robot suit.
These accessories, dubbed Toy-Con controllers, are then used to control a variety of mini-games. The aim is said to be to get kids involved in playing games on the Switch in a more hands-on and tactile way.
The product is a kit that includes a Nintendo Switch cartridge and a series of cardboard sheets, along with building accessories. Put the cartridge into the Switch, and a series of on-screen instructions take you through the steps for building each of the different accessories.
Along with an educational thing for kids, Labo is aiming to be a social experience that can also be enjoyed with friends and family. Nintendo Labo launches on April 20th and will be available in two versions – a 'Variety Kit with five games and Toy Con (with the RC car, fishing, and piano) for $69.99, and the 'Robot Kit' which will be sold separately for $79.99.
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Noosa versus Gold Coast Waterfront Developments
We had the absolute pleasure of staying with our great friends Rob and Jules Scullin on the Gold Coast this weekend. It rained all weekend (as is the case down most of Australia's East Coast at the moment), but it was a lovely time, and apart from getting three hours sleep on Saturday night (as it was my turn to get up with the boys,) it was great hanging out with great people, drinking excessively and laughing. Something we haven't been too successful at doing in Noosa, unless friends come to visit.
Anyways, Rob and Jules have a gorgeous home in Runaway Bay on the canal. Jules is the brainchild behind the design and it's a magnificent house – this woman has incredible talent! But they won't be there for long, as they've bought a much bigger house on Sovereign Island, and this is going to be spectacular once done. It's bloody massive and made our seven bedroom house in Noosa look tiny by comparison.
After we viewed the new house in its gutted state, they took us on a drive of the surrounds and my god, you should see these places. There was The Castle, which is designed like a castle (doh!) and boy is it nasty. Then there was the Venetian themed home – replete with full sized silver and gold horses in the driveway, along with golden adornments everywhere – crikey. There were Tuscan themes, French themes, modern garish designs and one massive home that looked like a convention centre. I've got to say, many of the houses are monstrous, tasteless and huge, but I couldn't help but admire the balls of the people who designed and live in them. Although, please note, Rob and Jules' house does not fit in the garish or vulgar bracket – there's will be all class, as were many on the Island.
Coming home to Noosa Waters, which is very much a retirement village by comparison, it felt mildly disappointing as everyone tends towards the conservative and the tame. Bland colours, smaller scale, no big statements….
Not to mention, everyone in the Waters has very small boats – but maybe they don't need to compensate up here? The boats on the Gold Coast were gargantuan. In Noosa, most people drive around in pontoon boats, while on the Gold Coast, many of the boats are bigger than most people's houses.
I am definitely appreciative of people who aren't embarrassed about showing off their money – no matter how garishly – because why should they be? They earned it after all! But as a general rule, Australians don't tend to be huge fans of ostentatious displays of wealth. I personally love it and the Gold Coast is the place where it is on show for all to see. People drive purple Bentleigh's, Ferrari's were a common site, as was every other spectacular sports car imaginable. Noosa Waters' folk tend to drive 4WD BMWs or Range Rovers in beige, white, black or silver – boring.
There are pros and cons to everything. Noosa is stunningly beautiful and it feels like a town, whereas the Gold Coast is built up and it doesn't feel like it has any heart or community. The way we've been feeling about Noosa lately, the Gold Coast wins, but that's just because we're not supposed to be here. We're not supposed to be on the Gold Coast either.
We definitely know we're not ready for the settled life in Noosa or even the Gold Coast, but if I was going to build my dream mansion, we could do worse than the spectacular surrounds of Sovereign Island, not to mention Rob and Jules would be there – bonus. I could definitely get used to excessive champagne consumption while on a boating trip.
In the meantime, while we're still trying to work out what our future's going to look like, we'll just have to visit the Scullins and party like rock stars whenever we can. We might need to hire a babysitter for the mornings though…
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BIOGRAPHIES of artists can sometimes seem peculiarly irrelevant. They can leave the reader panting to get back to the immediate experience of the art they love or admire - and away from words. They can also foster the conclusion that biography is just background; the art itself is the foreground, the thing that really matters. The art is, in fact, the means by which the artist has chosen to be remembered. In extreme cases, it may be virtually the only reason an artist is worth remembering.
On the other hand, exhibition catalogs and even monographs frequently relegate the biographical side of an artist to nothing more than a chronology in note form and concentrate centrally on the work.
This is the case with Diane Waldman's 1978 volume connected with the Guggenheim's retrospective of Mark Rothko (born in Dvinsk, Russia, 1903, died in New York 1970). The host of reproductions are particularly useful in her book. On the whole, this kind of treatment of an artist is what the art world prefers. Biography is background.
After all, every last detail of an artist's history may not necessarily feed our understanding of his work; it may largely be the antithetical debris above which the artist has endeavored to hoist his art. This could certainly be argued in the case of Rothko, whose classic works aim at - and in the view of many people, achieve - a transcendence above the ordinary. In some extraordinary way they are of a different order, belong to a different realm, from the mess or even chaos of the day-to-day life of the artist who conceived and made them.
A thoroughgoing biographer - one as relentlessly dedicated and admirably articulate as James E.B. Breslin is in his mammoth ``Mark Rothko: A Biography'' - is unlikely to agree entirely with this view of biography. Every last detail matters crucially to Breslin: Rothko's marriages and separations, his elations and depressions, his furies and moods and ideals and deceptions, his friends and enemies, his ancestry, his children, his studios, his pronouncements.
Nothing, it almost seems, can be left out, and much can be repeated - in the case of crucial quotes many times over - just in case the reader has skipped over or forgotten them.
Breslin, in his additive way of building an image of the artist, describes above all Rothko's paradoxical nature: self-assertive yet self-destructive. He was a showoff, lovable and despicable by turns, impulsive and deliberate, kind and mean. He was a completely dedicated painter - working hard even in his last illness and final depression - but sometimes declared a fierce hatred for art.
Nor does Breslin confine himself to Rothko. Any figure who touched Rothko's life - from other painters like Milton Avery, Clyfford Still, or Barnett Newman to dealers, curators, collectors, advisers, patrons, doctors, assistants, and lodgers - all are grist to Breslin's mill and may well be treated to extensive minibiographies of their own. The rise of Pop Art in the '60s was a matter of incomprehension and distaste to Rothko - so Breslin describes it at length. Indeed he does everything at length.
Fortunately he is an unusually engaging writer.
Through the pages of this biography, the reader is led slowly forward by means of the author's convincing integrity and a sympathy for his subject that is refreshingly free of undue adulation (Rothko, on a good day, would have liked that).
One praiseworthy aspect of the book is that Breslin continually returns to Rothko's work, indeed to laboriously detailed analytical descriptions and assessments of it. His narrative drills its way, like some great auger, through the clay and rock of Rothko's deeply confused psyche. There are well-chosen illustrations, but still not enough of Rothko's work. I used the Waldman book for fuller visual support.
In Breslin's afterword he makes plain his awareness that biographies of artists per se have their doubters and critics. But his motives, as Rothko's ``first biographer'' (clearly a proud claim), are genuine and practical.
Breslin is basically satisfied if his readers ``feel that this book has deepened or enriched or complicated their sense of Rothko's paintings....'' His primary conviction is that Rothko's art is not only ``rich and moving,'' but that it has also been, and presumably still is, misunderstood, trivialized, oversimplified, overlooked and disregarded.
This is certainly what the Rothko that Breslin portrays thought.
Almost determined to be misunderstood, Rothko was the Eeyore among modern American artists: full of necessary resentments. Rothko would have been lost without them according to Breslin. Despair, aggression, a sense of doom and tragedy, were his art's life blood.
Ironically, given the remarkable number of words this biographer uses to tell Rothko's story, Rothko himself increasingly distrusted word statements.
Breslin is conscious of this, quoting a number of times a telling Rothkoism: ``Silence is so accurate.'' The artist also had a growing need for ambivalence and secrecy, which is why he certainly would not have liked Breslin's determined delving and exposure.
OCCASIONALLY, there are glimpses of the warm, humane, buoyant side to this multifaceted artist. I wonder if Breslin has given them sufficient space and attention. If, as Breslin clearly believes, Rothko's art is the direct outcome of his life, then the transcendent ecstasy - an expression that Rothko used - of his classic and most intensely colored work surely came out of a real joy and not just from anguish and aggression. But the artist also firmly declared there was more beneath the surface of his paintings. He objected to people finding only serenity in them.
Rothko's paintings remain an astonishing achievement. A biographer - even as good a one as Breslin - may try to place or explicate them in terms of a life. But the fact is that they are gloriously elusive and wordlessly inexplicable.


text:
Toby Keith, '35 MPH Town' [Listen]
Taste of Country Staff
ShowDog Universal
Toby Keith's "35 MPH Town" will be labeled as "realistic" by fans and "cynical" by those who don't care for it. Music is in the eye of the beholder, but one thing is certain: it's a story that will stir up opinions.
Keith's first single from an upcoming album tells of a small town gone bad. "Mama locked the door last night for the first time in all of her years / I said mama you gotta be kidding me, she said things ain't like they used to be round here," he sings to begin the guitar-heavy ballad.
"You just wouldn't believe it, kids growing up without Jesus, good thing your daddy ain't here to see this now / They stay higher than the water tower in this 35 MPH Town."
Vocally, Keith reminds country fans he's still a power to be reckoned with. During the bridge he gets a chance to really open up, but it's the storytelling that continues to be his calling card. He penned the track with Bobby Pinson, and there's no lack of sincerity as he sings:
"Oh we can't blame the babies for growing up lazy / And crazy it ain't them that let them down / If they ain't stealing, they're suing, why work when we'll give it to 'em / It's right there in the bible that we don't put out / Spare the rod and you'll sour a 35 MPH town."
Those are harsh words, but many will nod in agreement as they rock in place during his live shows. "Hope on the Rocks" was Keith's last ballad to hit radio, and the two songs are similar in theme. They come to different conclusions, however, with this song being as much of a statement on our culture as any of his most recent releases to radio.
Why Fans Will Love It: They'll love it if they agree with Keith's assessment of where our culture is headed.
Key Lyrics: "Spare the rod and you'll sour a 35 MPH town."
Did You Know?: Keith's summer tour stops will include both Country Jam Colorado and the Taste of Country Music Festival in Hunter, N.Y.
Listen to Toby Keith's "35 MPH Town"
You Think You Know Toby Keith?
Next: Top 10 Songs of 2015 (So Far)
Filed Under: Toby Keith
Categories: Country Music News, Country Songs


So far, Che of The Town interviewed Britton Bradford, a professional basketball player, visual artist and occasional actor and model who graduated from the School of the Arts, Josh Pies, a local cinematographer and Executive Producer, Creative Director and Head Writer at C47 Film Associates, Tom Tubiolo, a local artist, local photographer Matthew McArdle and musician Alyssa Trahan.
Today, Che profiles Yanna Forrest, a Rochester hip hop artist. Che explains that "Fenmcee" stands for Female MC.
In this highlight, I turn my attention to PG, a local rapper working hard and making her mark within the hip hop community. PG has been making waves for herself around the town, captivating the city with her an original image, her ability in storytelling and her edgy lyrical grit. PG is quickly rising and on her way to becoming a prominent figure within the hip hop community.
I asked PG a series of questions. Here's what we discussed.
Q. What inspired you to be an artist? Early experiences worth sharing?
A. "I was always involved in the arts in some way, it all started from sketching, which led to painting which led to graphic designing, to fiddling with music softwares, to Dib and dabbling in everything else. Music was always apart of my life, I guess attending events and watching other female artists perform is what really sparked the flame in me and made me want to pursue it.
A. I am constantly facing challenges being a female artist in a male dominated structure, but I keep the fire burning inside.
Q. What do you believe sets your work apart from other artists?
I'd have to say my ability of storytelling for sure.
A. I connect with almost anything artistic, I'm a tattoo artist at a local tattoo shop and you can catch me on my free times skateboarding around the city.
A. I'm currently working on multiple projects at the time. 2 Eps in the works. But right now, I'm focused on releasing visuals.
A. I'd like to be a respected artist, recognized globally for her contributions in hip hop.
Changing My Mind About Muhammad: A Cinematic Transformation at the Dryden Theater.


Regardless of good intentions, an excessive amount of digital work is not tracked. Information staff report that on common, they spend solely forty% of their workday on the first work they have been employed to do, and the remainder of the day is eaten up by secondary (typically invisible) duties. Even enterprise leaders say they dedicate 30% of their time to low-worth work. Have you learnt how a lot time individuals in your group spend on e mail, conferences and distractions? In lots of instances, important metrics aren't being analyzed, reporting is disjointed and knowledge is siloed.
It's an issue we'd check with because the digital work disaster. It outcomes from all the mixed pressures digital know-how brings with it, together with overwhelming software program choices, digital fragmentation, a worldwide aggressive panorama, communication overload, the elevated fee of change and extra.
Whereas it is a ache we not often acknowledge, I do not assume organizations are utterly blind to those issues. That is why we're seeing new classes of software program constructed to assist organizations coordinate work and get work completed. By means of my work, I've seen a brand new class rising round work within the trendy enterprise — trendy work administration. I give attention to bringing shadow work into the sunshine, serving to staff understand their work issues and empowering them to concentrate on their greatest, most necessary work, whereas additionally rushing every thing up and retaining everybody on the identical web page.
Plenty of commonplace undertaking administration techniques are good at structured work, like ticketing and request methods. However there's an entire lot of labor that may't be outlined by a single ticket, requires group collaboration to perform and has further layers of complexity. That is the unstructured, largely invisible work that work administration may also help resolve. So, how can leaders and staff shine mild on invisible work and make it rely?
Even with the fitting know-how, you must nonetheless comply with a set of greatest practices. Listed here are some which have confirmed to be efficient.
• Be crisp on strategic priorities and clear on the "why" behind them. Should you're not exact about what your priorities are and why they matter, sure staff members will probably discover an excuse to work on a tangent they assume is extra fascinating. It's human nature. Who needs to spend time working towards a obscure function once they might do one thing that's extra personally interesting? By no means underestimate the necessity to talk your priorities and your cause for these priorities time and again.
• Maintain your door open for ongoing conversations about managing activity lists within the context of priorities. To do that, you'll be able to train your staff to discern the distinction between gadgets which might be necessary and pressing versus these that aren't necessary however pressing. If everybody understands this distinction, they gained't abuse the privilege of the open door — and also you'll know what it's worthwhile to know the second it's essential comprehend it.
• Provide your group with the info and energy to say no. Knowledge doesn't lie. In the event you've empowered your workforce to make selections based mostly on the info they've available, and if you already know that knowledge is correct, you'll find yourself saving your self from complications many times. You gained't need to get into the weeds each time one thing goes incorrect as a result of you possibly can belief your workforce to behave on it shortly.
• Tie all work again to your organization's priorities. Be sure that administration is aware of that you simply deliver worth by displaying them the way you impression the underside line. If a activity does not tie again, have a dialog with administration so you'll be able to both reframe the aim or reduce the duty utterly. In any case, in the event you're not contributing to the underside line, your value is suspect and your job is in peril.
• Monitor your work, particularly the advert-hoc, pressing requests that are available in the course of the day. In case your day is consistently interrupted by work requests, it'd appear to be you get nothing executed. And that's not truthful — or correct. To treatment this drawback, discover a option to mechanically monitor and report your duties so your efforts don't go unnoticed.
• Block out time for essential work. In case your complete calendar is filled with conferences, when do you get work carried out? The easiest way to cease assembly creep from occurring is to proactively schedule work periods in your calendar. In case your staff members see your calendar is full, they could understand that they might keep away from a gathering altogether by sending an e mail or logging their feedback in an operational system of document. Or they could have to seek out time to satisfy with you later. In any case, blocking out time for necessary work ensures that it will get achieved.
The guideline right here is straightforward: Deliver work into the sunshine and make it rely. The work that's occurring throughout your group issues, a lot you can't afford to let the digital work disaster derail it. By serving to staff and leaders remove invisible work, you'll counteract the downsides of this disaster and find yourself reaping all of the upsides as an alternative. From there, you'll be prepared for no matter comes subsequent.


Paris-Brest-Paris (PBP) is a 1200km randonnée from Paris to Brest on the west coast of France and back to Paris. PBP has become the most prestigious on the global randonneuring calendar and is aspired to by thousands of participants from all continents once every four years; the next PBP will be held on 16th August 2015. Click here to visit the official PBP website.
Alternatively, download the official PBP event flyer. Note this file is approximately 1.7MB, but is in English.
If you are thinking about going to PBP 2015 and would like to stay up to date with news about the event, preperation and qulification, subscribe to the club's email list to get the latest information about the event.
The club's magazine is a great source of information about all things Audax and especially Paris-Brest-Paris. The December 1995 edition is well worth a read, but if you have time to browse you might want to check out the magazine archive of Checkpoint back copies.
The Editions the Club Magazine in the summer following each PBP are mines of information about Australian experiences of PAP, as well as insights into the development of the club over 20 odd years. Check out the magzine archive. Look especially for Summer 2011-12, Summer 2007-08, Summer 2003-04, January 2000, December 1995, December 1991, and Aileen Martin's article about starting and finishing with a not fully healed broken pelvis, December 1987, p6.
Since its inception in 1891 PBP has evolved from a race designed to promote newspaper, to a must do event for armature randonneurs the world over. To learn more about the events rich history click here.
Those familiar with the Audax Club Parisien Paris-Brest-Paris may have noticed that for PBP 2011, the event was rebranded PBP Randonneur. The reason for this change was its coincidence with the Union des Audax Français's PBP Audax. As distinct from free paced PBP Randonneur, the PBP Audax is a fixed pace group ride. The PBP Audax operates on a five year cycle as opposed to the four year cycle of PBP Randonneur. In 2011 Australians Nick Dale and David Minter successfully completed both versions of the event. The 20 year wait means that this could possibly be a once in a lifetime achievement. Click here to find out more about PBP Audax.


With Day 1 of Bumbershoot 2011 in our rearview mirror, we wanted to take a few moments to share with you some of our favorite shots of the day. We'll share more thoughts throughout and following the three-day event but we'll throw some initial reflections in this post as well, if you'll indulge us. If not, just skip to the photos.
From hearing some old favorites to buzz bands to music legends, Day 1 ran the gamut for us.
We were blown away by the energy and skill of Minnesota's Astronautalis. With one camera in the photo pit and one in the crowd, we were surprised to have just as many close-ups from each location as Astronautalis (a.k.a. Andy Bothwell) was in the crowd nearly as often as he was on stage.
Champagne Champagne have become fixtures at Seattle festivals and the group's easy repoire with the crowd makes it easy to see why they've amassed such a devoted following in Seattle and beyond.
While we've been fans of Vetiver for some time now, seeing them today solidified their place among our favorite bands with a comfortable retro sound. Their new songs sounded great at the Fountain Lawn stage and at the KEXP music lounge.
We heard a lot of buzz prior to Little Dragon's set and the Swedish band certainly didn't disappoint. The backing band served up some the most aggressive beats of the day and frontwoman Yukimi Nagano charmed the crowd with her dance moves and melodic vocals.
As Pickwick made it on our top 3 can't miss acts of day one and as #1 of the top seven Seattle bands at Bumbershoot, it came as little surprise that the EMP Level 3 stage became one-in-one-out well before the band took the stage with a line numbering a hundred plus soon thereafter.
STRFKR drew one of the largest, most hyped crowds of the day. The band's signature synthy dance tunes had the crowd jumping and dancing pretty much from the sound check.
There's just something to seeing a 72 year old woman sing her heart out that's unlike anything else, and Mavis Staples sure is spunky for her age. It was surprising and fun to see Seattleites singing and clapping along to gospel tunes when we're known for being one of the most "unchurched" cities in the nation.
We agree. We've got another Astronautalis shot in our recap post: https://sealivemusic.com/2011/09/06/random-reflections-our-thoughts-on-the-new-priorities-of-bumbershoot-2011/. Also, we were lucky enough to snap some great photos from the crowd. http://twitpic.com/6fmzbf and http://twitpic.com/6fmz0t.


Some financial goals don't fit in any particular category. You might want to invest in shares or purchase an item you've had your eye on for a while. Because your life circumstances are unique, the personal loan you choose should be tailored to your own journey. This is where we can help you. Take a look at our range of personal loans to find the one that best suits your needs.
Be informed before you start your property journey: use our home loan calculator to figure out how much you can borrow.


It's become a memorable storyline from the 2018 Olympics. Red Gerard's family was apparently deep in party mode when he won his gold medal.
"I'd say sober amount of hours were not good," the 17-year-old snowboarder tells ThePostGame.
While riding on a bus to the slopestyle venue in PyeongChang, Gerard got checked his phone around 7:30 a.m.
"I see a Snapchat of them just putting their thumbs through cans," Gerard says with a laugh.
A total of 17 other family members made the trip to the Olympics to cheer Gerard. While other Olympians may feel tight with their family's presence, Gerard was loosened up by his family's raging.
"I was psyched," Gerard says. "They're having a great time, making the most of it."
Gerard's hectic Olympic schedule took him from PyeongChang to the United States, back to PyeongChang for Big Air, which he finished fifth in. Finally, after the Olympics, Gerard came to New York City for one more media tour. He spoke to ThePostGame on behalf of Mountain Dew.
How can you watch @RedmondGerard when the @Olympics isn't on TV?


With the summer season on its way it's time to start shopping for your new season wardrobe. Whether you're visiting Liverpool, Manchester or Chester, the three North West gems are sure to provide all you need for this season's hottest looks.
The sun is out and the nights are getting longer. This can only mean one thing – it's time for a tipple. If you've got a soft spot for socialising, style and sophistication, a night out enjoying Cosmopolitans or White Russians might be just what you need.
Looking for a great night out with a difference? We all like a break from the norm sometimes, and living in, or nearby, Manchester offers up a whole host of exciting opportunities.


Sheridan held a flag raising ceremony yesterday at its Oakville campus in honour of Treaties Recognition Week. Following a smudging ceremony led by Stephen Paquette, Chair of Sheridan's Indigenous Education Council, a flag bearing the logo of the Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation was raised outside the SCAET building.
In his remarks, Paquette noted that Sheridan resides on the treaty lands of the Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation, and he acknowledged the various Indigenous groups who have also called the lands home at different times in the past. He also invited attendees to share a personal statement about their commitment to Truth and Reconciliation.
The first week of November was proclaimed as Treaties Recognition Week by the Government of Ontario in 2016. It is intended to provide a recurring opportunity for teachers to plan learning activities around treaties during the school year, and to help promote awareness of treaties in the broader public. It is also one of many steps on the province's journey of healing and reconciliation with Indigenous peoples.
The logo of the Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation was adopted in 1993, and the symbols depicted in it represent five important aspects of the Mississauga Nation history. The Eagle is the predominant totem of the Mississaugas of the New Credit First Nation. The Three Fires symbolize the Mississaugas' traditional and political alliance with the Ojibway, Odawa and Pottawatomi Nations. The Circle of Life represents two elements: one, First Nations teach that every living thing is related and interconnected – we are all a part of the Circle of Life. Secondly, the blue writing symbolizes the interconnectedness to the traditional territory of the Mississaugas of the Credit, and to the water of the Credit River and Lake Ontario. The Peace Pipe is the NewCredit people's equivalent of a Parliamentary Mace, and is used in special opening ceremonies to thank the great spirit, mother earth and the sun.


text:
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Web;
using System.Text;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace Pablo.Gallery.Logic.Converters
{
	class AudioConverter : FileCacheConverter
	{
		readonly string ffmpegPath;

		public AudioConverter(string ffmpegPath = null)
		{
			this.ffmpegPath = ffmpegPath ?? ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["FFmpegPath"];
		}

		static readonly string[] inputFormats = { ".mp3", ".ogg", ".oga", ".voc" };
		static readonly string[] outputFormats = { ".mp3", ".ogg", ".oga" };

		public override bool CanConvert(ConvertInfo info)
		{
			if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ffmpegPath))
				return false;
			var inExt = Path.GetExtension(info.FileName).ToLowerInvariant();
			var outExt = Path.GetExtension(info.OutFileName).ToLowerInvariant();
			return info.InputType == Models.FileType.Audio.Name
				&& inputFormats.Contains(inExt)
				&& outputFormats.Contains(outExt)
				&& !string.Equals(inExt, outExt, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
		}

		public override Task ConvertFile(ConvertInfo info, string inFile, string outFile)
		{
			var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<object>();
			var args = new StringBuilder();
			args.AppendFormat("-i \"{0}\"", inFile);
			if (outFile.EndsWith(".ogg", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
				args.Append(" -acodec libvorbis");
			args.AppendFormat(" \"{0}\"", outFile);

			Console.WriteLine("Executing: {0} {1}", ffmpegPath, args);
			var process = new Process
			{
				EnableRaisingEvents = true,
				StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
				{
					FileName = ffmpegPath,
					Arguments = args.ToString(),
					UseShellExecute = false,
					RedirectStandardOutput = true, // turn these off (with mono) to see output errors
					RedirectStandardError = false,
					CreateNoWindow = true
				}
			};

			process.Exited += (s, e) =>
			{
				if (process.ExitCode == 0)
					tcs.SetResult(true);
				else
					tcs.SetException(new Exception(process.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd()));
			};
			process.Start();
			return tcs.Task;
		}
	}
}