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Hydrochemical Characteristics and Water Quality of Groundwater in the Thick Loess Deposits
Shujian Li, He Su, Zhi Li
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-172765/v1
posted 05 Feb, 2021
You are reading this latest preprint version
Water quality and quantity should be paid more attentions for regions with arid climate and thick vadose zones since the limited groundwater cannot be replenished rapidly once polluted. This study focused on the Loess Plateau of China to investigate the geochemical mechanism affecting groundwater chemistry and to calculate contribution rates of multiple sources to groundwater solutes. We employed multiple methods (diagrams, bivariate analyses, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), water quality index (WQI), correlation analysis, forward simulation) for the above purposes. We collected 64 groundwater samples in the thick loess deposits in June 2018 (flood season) and April 2019 (dry season). The average concentrations of cation were in the order of Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ in the flood season, and Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ in the dry season. The order of anions contents in the flood season and the dry season was HCO3− > SO42− > Cl− > NO3−. The major hydrochemical facies were Ca-HCO3 and Ca·Mg-HCO3 in the flood season, and Na·Ca-HCO3·SO4 and Na-HCO3 in the dry season, respectively. Most of the groundwater (95% in the flood season and 96% in the dry season) was suitable for drinking, and overall water quality (except samples F28 and D13) was acceptable for irrigation. Mineral dissolution and cation exchange were important natural processes affecting groundwater chemistry. A forward model showed that the contribution of atmospheric input, anthropogenic input, evaporite dissolution, silicate weathering and carbonate weathering to solutes in groundwater was 2.3 ± 1.5%, 5.0 ± 7.1%, 19.3 ± 21.4%, 42.8 ± 27.3% and 30.6 ± 27.1% in the flood season, and 9.1 ± 6.4%, 3.4 ± 5.2%, 20.3 ± 15.9, 56.6 ± 23.2%, and 10.7 ± 15.4% in the dry season, respectively. Although the overall contribution of anthropogenic inputs was minor, it was the dominant source of solutes for some groundwater samples. This study provides fundamental information for water management in arid areas.
Arid climate
Thick vadose zones
Hydrochemistry
Hierarchical cluster analysis
Solute sources
Chinese Loess Plateau
Due to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the latest manuscript can be downloaded and
accessed as a PDF.
Editorial decision: Major Revision
Reviews received at journal
First submitted to journal

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In this class, instructor Dianna Porter works one-on-one with students in pencil, pastels, charcoal, oils, acrylics or watercolor. Dianna will give suggestions for subject matter and direction in skill development. Suggested supply lists are available. The GPAC has a limited number of easels and drawing boards available. $90 for 6 classes, $54 for Seniors/Students.
Register online by visiting Play Indy and looking up Course #205682, or call (317) 327-7135.
Guess what? Wet and Wacky Watercolors is back! The Arts for All Outreach team will be visiting several different park Family Centers this fall, bringing our popular painting activity!
Join us and experiment with different ways to use watercolors. We will use salt, rubber cement, saran wrap, and even glue! After you try out all of these methods, we invite you to create your own masterpiece using your favorite technique. This activity is free, and open to all ages (not just kids!).
Check the schedule below to find out when we're coming to a park near you!
Each activity takes place on Tuesdays from 5 – 8 pm unless otherwise noted.
We're having such a great time experimenting with watercolors in Arts for All, we wanted to share our techniques with you! Watch the video to learn how to make unique paintings with glue, salt, rubber cement, and plastic wrap. Feel free to share it with others!


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Ask Your Friendly Neighbourhood Lesbrarian # 9: Books With Queer Lady Scientist Characters
Posted on July 29, 2015 by CaseytheCanadianLesbrarian
Request number two from my friend L:
Any books where a queer woman protagonist is a scientist of some kind and that's not used as a shorthand for her queerness?
Well this is a toughie. When I tried googling some key search terms, I found this interesting Autostraddle article on how queer women scientists are as hard to find as unicorns. Hmm, if real-life ones are hard to find, how hard are they going to be to find in fiction? Also, because the term "scientist" is close enough to science, during my searches I found a whole whack of resources on queer women in science fiction, which is awesome, but not what I was looking for.
I had a few false starts, too with this question. L, I know you had mentioned hearing about a book from the now sadly defunct Queer Books Please podcast with a scientist character. I managed to track it down: it's The Big Bang Symphony by Lucy Jane Bledsoe. There is a geologist in that book, but she's unfortunately not the lesbian character, who is a musician. Rats!
I'm intrigued by this idea of "shorthand for her queerness" because I've never heard of science being used that way before! As far as I can tell, none of these books that I found fall into that category at all.
I've really only got two full books I've read that I can heartily recommend. The first is Y: The Last Man, a comic series by Brian K. Vaughan and Pia Guerra. One of the three main characters is Dr. Allison Mann, a geneticist and scientific genius, whom humanity is now depending on for the survival of our species. No big deal. This series takes place in a strange sci-fi world where everything with an XY chromosome has suddenly dropped dead except one guy and his pet monkey. Allison is a totally bad-ass, smart, Asian-American lesbian. She was my favourite character in the series. Her gender probably falls under what I'd call chapstick femme and in comparison to other characters' more masculine genders, I thought it was an unconventional and interesting choice to establish her as the self-assured lesbian. Later on in the series, Allison gets a really awesome girlfriend who's an Australian pirate/sailor with an eyepatch. For serious.
Jeannette Winterson can't help but write beautiful and strange stories and her novel Gut Symmetries, which features an English theoretical physicist who manages to fall in love with her American counterpart and then, his wife. It's part bisexual love triangle, and part meditation on the nature of love and the world. It's only fitting that two of the characters are physicists, studying and trying to discover how everything in the universe fits together. Look at this gorgeous excerpt:
Stella turned towards me and crumpled my heart in her hand.
'Do you fall in love often?'
Yes often. With a view, with a book, with a dog, a cat, with numbers, with friends, with complete strangers, with nothing at all. There are children who grow up as I did, with the love clamped down in them, who cannot afterwards love at all. There are others who make fools of themselves, loving widely, indiscreetly, forgetting it is themselves they are trying to love back to a better place.
Happiness, Like Water by Chinelo Okparanta has a scientist in one story, "America," which is about a young woman who is studying water and oil spills (forgive me since I don't remember exactly what kind of scientist). She's trying to get a visa to go study in the US and join her partner. It's only one story, but I did want to take the chance to plug this book, because it's really great!
Oddly enough, this list about lesbians in cold places on goodreads that Danika from the Lesbrary made using resources from the Queer Books Please podcast was quite useful. I figured that one plausible reason authors might come up with for sending their characters to places like Antarctica might be that they're scientists, and I was right. Most of these are your standard romance genre books, so don't expect literary fiction L!
Ice Hole by Kiera Dellacroix is about a scientist falling in love with a commander in Antarctica while on a secret government mission. This story takes a paranormal turn! Melt by Robbi McCoy features a former student and teacher reuniting and falling in love in Greenland. The teacher is a glaciologist. Warming Trend by Karin Kallmaker also has a protagonist studying glaciers, this time in Alaska, and, obviously, falling in love. Colder Than Ice by Helen Macpherson features "Allison Shaunessy [who] is a woman on the edge. As an archaeologist with the Flinders Museum of Australasian Exploration, she and her team are racing against time to secure funding for an unprecedented excavation in Antarctica."
I reached out on twitter while doing this search, and got some much-needed recommendations! Two folks, Megan Derr and Julia Alaric, both put in a word for Business Makes Strange Bedfellows by E. E. Ottoman, which sounds deliciously gothic. One goodreads reviewer calls it "Frankenstein meets Dracula with lesbians!" The main character is the Frankenstein, a scientist studying the arcane and occult field of resurrection in 19th century New York. When a monstrosity that she has created gets loose and begins to murder, she is forced to make a deal with a dangerous and manipulative vampire, who wants payment in a method other than cold cash.
Brooke Carr brought up Love by the Numbers by Karin Kallmaker, which is another romance, featuring a behavioural scientist who is thrust out of her anti-social comfort zone "[w]hen her academic tome is treated as a viral 'love manual' [and] her ecstatic publisher books her to appear all over the U.S. and Europe." She needs an assistant, and ends up with this interesting character: "Lillian Linden-Smith needs this job. With a relentless TV lawyer and public mob still out for her blood for crimes committed by her "American royalty" parents, getting out of the country is her only hope for anonymity." Love/hate at first sight, of course.
Pennance by Clare Ashton also looks great, albeit a very different kind of book. A quiet study of a woman—who's a computer tech kind of scientist—dealing with the loss of a partner through a car crash and fire, Pennance is set in a "small introverted village in Cornwall [the U.K.]." What many readers remarked on in reviews of this book was the palpable emotional atmosphere Ashton creates, and how readers are steeped in Lucy the bisexual main character's depression, isolation, and eventual slow-burning romance with a new neighbour. There's also some polyamory in this novel!
Catherine Lundoff recommended two feminist science fiction books: A Door Into Ocean by Joan Slonczewski and Ammonite by Nicola Griffith. A Door Into Ocean sounds like fascinating world building: "it concerns the Sharers of Shora, a nation of women on a distant moon in the far future who are pacifists, highly advanced in biological sciences, and who reproduce by parthenogenesis–there are no males–and tells of the conflicts that erupt when a neighbouring civilization decides to develop their ocean world, and send in an army."
Nicola Griffith is a writer who's been on my to-read list for ages, but I haven't managed to read one of her books yet. Maybe Ammonite might be a good one to start with. I've heard nothing but high praise for her imaginative SF and historical fiction. Here's the synopsis:
Centuries earlier, a deadly virus shattered the original colony, killing the men and forever altering the few surviving women. Now, generations after the colony has lost touch with the rest of humanity, a company arrives to exploit Jeep–and its forces find themselves fighting for their lives. Terrified of spreading the virus, the company abandons its employees, leaving them afraid and isolated from the natives. In the face of this crisis, anthropologist Marghe Taishan arrives to test a new vaccine. As she risks death to uncover the women's biological secret, she finds that she, too, is changing…
Danika Ellis mentioned Little White Lie by Lea Santos, which looks like a fun, light read by and about a Latina lesbian who is a geneticist and who somehow gets tricked into appearing on a makeover TV show and falling in love with the make-up artist. Danika also told me about Saving Grace by Jennifer Fulton, featuring what sounds like a morally dubious "scientist [whose] her secret mission [is] to evaluate Moon Island for corporate purchase by a chemicals giant looking for a waste dump far from civilization" and Gulf Breeze by Gerri Hill, with a wildlife biologist doing environmental work for Habitat for Nature and becoming close with a wildlife photographer.
A few other friendly people on twitter recommended: Time Enough for Love by Robert A. Heinlein [two bisexual scientist characters], Stolen Time by J.M. Brink [lesbian scientist main character], Waking Up Gray [bisexual linguistic anthropologist] and crime novels by R.E. Bradshaw [queer criminal scientists], Ladyfish by Andrea Bramhall [lesbian biologist], When Dreams Tremble by Radclyffe [lesbian biologist], The Ghost Sister by Liz Williams [one scientist protagonist], and Ellen Klages' short story "Time Gypsy."
Thanks to the storm of folks on twitter who responded to my question! Literary queers are a pretty awesome bunch of people. Any more to add to this list, readers?
Ask Your Friendly Neighbourhood Lesbrarian is a Book Advice Column where you can send me your LGBTQ book related questions and recommendation requests. Send me an email: stepaniukcasey@gmail.com and put "Ask Your Friendly Neighbourhood Lesbrarian" in the subject.
This entry was posted in ask your friendly neighbourhood lesbrarian, Bisexual, Hiromi Goto, Lesbian, paranormal, Science Fiction and tagged ask your friendly neighbourhood lesbrarian, LGBTQ, scientists. Bookmark the permalink.
28 Responses to Ask Your Friendly Neighbourhood Lesbrarian # 9: Books With Queer Lady Scientist Characters
Heather Rose Jones says:
I suppose alchemy doesn't count, even when approached scientifically?
Why not! What book do you have in mind?
justdar826 says:
Mystic Marriage by Heather Rose Jones has an alchemist as one of the main protagonists and my geologist wife felt quite a kinship to her. That's sciencey enough to qualify in my book
Sounds great, thanks!
The Mystic Marriage. Early 19th c alchemist as protagonist. The alchemy is treated scientifically but there are fantasy elements in the mechanism by which it works. So "scientific for its context" but not strictly real-world science.
jo victor says:
To add to your list of lesbian scientist fiction: (1) Radclyffe's When Dreams Tremble. One of the main characters is a biologist (I think she's an ichthyologist). (2) Karin Kallmaker's Warming Trend. One of the main characters is a geologist–an expert on glaciers. Both books are great.
I mentioned both of those briefly. Do you have any details you'd like to add? I haven't read either! (:
I do! Warming Trend was terrific and VERY academic-science-research based in plot, it's not just a throwaway detail. Whole swaths of the story were devoted to the love of science and how to get back into that life. I just read it this weekend — thanks to your list! — so here's my review.
https://shiraglassman.wordpress.com/2015/10/05/warming-trend-lesbian-clears-herself-from-academic-scandal-against-backdrop-of-alaskas-glaciers/
Awesome!! (:
You mentioned Nicola Griffith's Ammonite, by what about her Slow River? I believe one of the characters is in some science related field at a water treatment plant. Come to think of it her wife, Kelley Eskridge's book Solitaire features a character who is I believe a behavioral psychologist or some sort. Excellent books both
Awesome suggestions, thanks!
Carpool by Karin Kallmaker features a geologist and an accountant.
Awesome, thanks for adding to the list!
Robbi McCoy says:
Thanks for mentioning Melt. I've also got a geologist and archaeologist in Not Every River. One of the main characters in Something to Believe is an anthropologist. Love those science women!
My pleasure! Thanks for letting me know about the other one!
hey, there's that desert book again! *I should read this*
Genta Sebastian says:
I just won a GCLS 2015 Award for my middle-grade novel, Riding the Rainbow. While the protagonist is a 5th grader, Lily is being raised by two moms, one of whom is a micro-biologist working from a home lab. Does that count?
Yes, definitely! Thanks for adding to the list!
Very pleased to be able to do so.
audreyhoman says:
Can we add More Than Paradise, by Jennifer Fulton? Lesbian botanist studies uh, orchids, in New Guinea.
Haha, awesome. How appropriate.
Michelle Thompson says:
Karin Kallmaker's Unforgettable. One of her main characters in this romance is Dr. Angelica Martinetta, a National Science Award winner…and a fabulous character!
Seems like Karin Kallmaker has a lot of books featuring scientists!
Pingback: Link Round Up: July 27 – August 3 | The Lesbrary
Eliza_Mariah says:
Ammonite and Slow River are both incredible.
Yeah, I've heard so many good things about Nicola Griffith. Can't believe I haven't read her yet!
I can finally add my short story "Wet Nails" to this list! http://www.amazon.com/Wet-Nails-Shira-Glassman-ebook/dp/B016MU96FG/ref=la_B00J3ECZV6_1_8?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1444953573&sr=1-8
Adina, the MC, is working on her doctorate in potato research.
Add "The Lady's Guide to Celestial Mechanics" by Olivia Waite to your list here. Not only is Lucy an astronomer, but she also speaks French and takes on the task of convincing the noblewoman Catherine to let her translate a significant astronomical text for publication in England. There are discussions of science, the barriers women face in 19th century England in trying work in science (beyond taking notes as the men talk at meetings), and also discussions of the valuing of male-created art and female-created art and how one is put in museums while the other is relegated to domestic handicrafts. This book will definitely bust your stereotypes about the romance genre.


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https://www.barrons.com/articles/hellofresh-stock-gets-a-downgrade-as-jpmorgan-sees-post-lockdown-slowdown-51606147773
HelloFresh Stock Gets a Downgrade as JPMorgan Sees Post-Lockdown Slowdown
Callum Keown
Updated Nov. 23, 2020 3:43 pm ET / Original Nov. 23, 2020 11:09 am ET
HelloFresh, which provides subscribers with pre-portioned ingredients along with easy recipes, has benefited throughout the Covid-19 pandemic.
Ryan Dinham
German meal-kit company HelloFresh has been downgraded to underweight by JPMorgan Cazenove, over concerns the eventual easing of lockdown restrictions will bring a "quick and sharp slowdown" in customer growth.
HelloFresh, which provides subscribers with pre-portioned ingredients along with easy recipes, has benefited throughout the Covid-19 pandemic, as more people have been forced to stay at home and restaurants have closed.
Sales in the nine months to Sept. 30 more than doubled to €2.6 billion compared with the same period in 2019. In the most recent quarter, active customers grew 92% to 5 million. In a bid to capture further growth, the company announced it had paid $277 million to buy U.S. ready-to-eat meal company Factor75. The stock is up more than 156% year-to-date.
Read:Lockdowns Helped Meal-Kit Service HelloFresh Push Further Into the U.S. and More Than Double Sales
JPMorgan analysts said that with lockdown measures being extended into the latter part of this year and early 2021, the business model remained on track for now.
But they warned meaningful growth in active customers would only get harder, returning to a more cautious view on the stock given the increased likelihood of a Covid-19 vaccine, and the lifting of restrictions, in 2021.
"In contrast to other work-from-home beneficiaries, we anticipate a relatively quick and sharp slowdown in active customer growth once lockdown measures are lifted," they said, citing the high levels of churn among customers and fewer new or reactivated customers in the future.
The investment bank's analysts downgraded the stock from neutral to underweight with a December 2021 price target of €35. They lowered 2021/22 earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization estimates by 15% and 14% due to lower revenues and lower margins. The stock fell 3.6% to €48.14 in early trading on Monday.
"Management has been executing extremely well over the past years, while peers have struggled and both top line/bottom line growth rates have been without doubt impressive. From here though, the debate around the investment case will likely shift toward the long-term growth rates post Covid-19 driven benefits," said JPMorgan Cazenove's analysts.
Separately, HelloFresh announced the acquisition of Factor75. Sales in the U.S. more than doubled to €526 million in the third quarter, while active American customers jumped by 1 million to 2.49 million. The company said the acquisition was the next step in its plan to expand into the key U.S. market.


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Stephen Metcalfe MP
South Basildon and East Thurrock
Improving Education
For me, quality education is a vital driver of social mobility and the key to building a more prosperous Britain. That is why visiting and supporting our schools is the most common activity I undertake when back in the constituency. I am most focused on inspiring a new diverse generation of future engineers as the Government's Engineering Envoy.
I am also a keen supporter of apprenticeships and have been appointed Apprenticeship Ambassador by The Minister for Apprenticeships and Skills Anne Milton to help promote them across the country.
Stephen Metcalfe MP Welcomes Substantial Increase in Local School Funding
Stephen Metcalfe MP welcomes a substantial increase in funding for schools in South Basildon & East Thurrock following the Government's recent multi-billion pound investment in primary and secondary education.
Stephen Metcalfe MP Visits East Tilbury's NEW Beta Heritage Centre
Local MP, Stephen Metcalfe, joined local residents to celebrate the opening of the new Bata Heritage Centre and take a walking tour of the area to hear how important the Bata factory was to the local area.
Stephen Metcalfe MP Hails Stopped Library Closures
Stephen Metcalfe, MP for South Basildon & East Thurrock, welcomes that no libraries in Essex will close in the next five years. The decision follows 'overwhelming' public outcry with over 21,000 responses.
Stephen Metcalfe MP Congratulates Departing Woodlands School Head Mr Cox on Outstanding Service
Thursday, 4 April, 2019
Stephen Metcalfe, Member of Parliament for South Basildon and East Thurrock, paid tribute to the departing Woodlands School Headteacher, Mr Simon Cox, on his last day at the school (5th April).
Stephen Metcalfe MP asks Organisations to become Dementia Friendly
Stephen Metcalfe, Member of Parliament for South Basildon and East Thurrock, has teamed up with Dementia Action Alliance (DAA) to raise awareness and increase understanding for people living with Dementia and has called on organisations in Thurrock and Basildon to become 'Dementia Friendly'.
Stephen Metcalfe MP celebrates a special Parliament Week 100 years on since Women gained the Vote
As we mark 100 years since the first women gained the right to vote, Stephen Metcalfe MP is inviting everyone in South Basildon and East Thurrock to get involved in UK Parliament Week and play a part in our thriving democracy.
Supporting Internet Matters to help keep children safe online
I recently met with online safety campaigners from Internet Matters to hear about how we can help make the internet a safer place for children.
Meeting the new student leadership team at Hassenbrook Academy
Sunday, 2 July, 2017
I was recently delighted to visit Hassenbrook Academy to meet the new Head Girl, Boy and their deputies, who were all optimistic about what they can achieve at, and for, the school.
Stephen Metcalfe MP South Basildon and East Thurrock
This website is funded by the Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority (IPSA) for the purpose of assisting Stephen Metcalfe MP in the performance of his Parliamentary duties.
Copyright 2020 Stephen Metcalfe MP South Basildon and East Thurrock. All rights reserved.


text:
Akron Public Schools » News » Past Archived News - 2018 » Past Archived News - August 2018 » Safety Risk Posed
Rotaynah to be Moved
Akron Public Schools officials told the Akron School Board at its regular meeting August 18, 2018, it will remove Chief Rotaynah, the 33-year-old, 36-foot-tall wooden statue that fronts Resnik Community Learning Center on West Market Street.
Rotaynah is a sculpture -- a Native American chief carved by Peter Toth, a former Barberton resident and Hungarian immigrant.
Before it is removed later this month, APS invites residents to visit Chief Rotaynah from 1-4 p.m. Sunday, August 19.
Between termites and weather, the elements have taken a toll on the statue, and it is now a safety hazard to keep standing.
It will go into storage and reunited with its 16-foot feathers, which were removed in 2011. Then, a professional will evaluate it for future use.
The statue is part of Toth's Trail of Whispering Giants, a series of Native American statues located in all 50 states, Canada and Europe.


Mopar will be testing its mettle in the southern California desert at the 2014 Griffin King of The Hammers, an event built around what many consider the toughest one-day off-road race in the world that combines desert racing and rock crawling.
TEAM EVR / Jefferies Racing is a newly formed Dakar Team that is built around two extremely experienced racing professionals: Eric Vigouroux and BJ Baldwin. The team is aiming for outright successes in the Dakar 2014 with two new pickup trucks, designed and built in cooperation with Jefferies Racing.
Honda has released official photos of the new CRF450 RALLY designed specifically for rally racing. TEAM HRC (Honda's motorcycle works team for rally races) will use the CRF450 RALLY at the upcoming 2014 Dakar Rally – Argentina, Bolivia, Chile in January 2014.


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Home Business Thus Caltagirone prepares the final assault on Generali and raises the pressure on Consob
Thus Caltagirone prepares the final assault on Generali and raises the pressure on Consob
MILANO – The noisy step backwards by Francesco Gaetano Caltagirone from the board of Generali, after 15 years, seems to be the extreme, but coherent, gesture of a strategy of financial and legal tension, with which the Roman entrepreneur and his associates have put under siege for a year. the management of the insurer that manages assets for 680 billion. A strategy close to the final act, which in the coming weeks should see the formation of an alternative list to the one that the Generali board is preparing for the renewal of the top management at the meeting at the end of April.
Andrea Grecoconsobgeneral
Covid therapies: WHO recommends two drugs for serious patients
Coronavirus today. Report Iss: intensive care and medical areas occupancy rate rises
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Increase in bills: anti-inflation measures risk slipping
Hang Seng Index closed down 0.43%, led by...
"The Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of a Modern Comprehensive Transportation System": By 2025, the high-speed railway network that mainly adopts the speed standard of 250 kilometers per hour and above will cover more than 95% of cities with a population of more than 500,000_ Securities Times Network


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The "Bedroom Tax" is the name given to benefit changes introduced on 1st April 2013 for social housing tenants, which mean that the amount of Housing Benefit or Universal Credit you get might be reduced if, according to the government, you have more bedrooms than they think you need.
If you (or you and your partner) are Pension Credit age and getting Housing Benefit to help you pay your rent, then you will not be affected by the Bedroom Tax.
Your Housing Benefit, or the help included in your Universal Credit to help you pay your rent, will be reduced by an amount equal to 14% of your rent if you are regarded as having one 'extra' bedroom; or by 25% of your rent if you have two or more 'extra' bedrooms.
If you (or you and your husband, wife or partner) are Pension Credit age or over and getting Housing Benefit.
If you live in a 'shared ownership' property.
If you have been placed in a certain type of 'temporary accommodation'.
If you live in a particular type of supported housing called 'exempt accommodation' - ask us if you're not sure.
If your Housing Benefit has already been reduced because of a Rent Officer referral.
Any single person aged 16 or over needs their own bedroom.
A couple need a bedroom.
- A boy and a girl are expected to share a bedroom if they are both under 10.
- 2 boys or 2 girls are expected to share if they are both under 16. See below for examples.
- Foster children are not taken into account (but see under special rules below).
- Children who stay with you part of the time aren't taken into account*.
If two people are unable to share a bedroom due to disability.
If your local council (for Housing Benefit) or the DWP (for Universal Credit) accept that if, because of a child's disability, there would be disruption to the sleep of another child if they shared a bedroom, then the disabled child can be allocated their own bedroom if they are getting the middle or high rate care component of Disability Living Allowance.
Since 1st April 2017, similar rules have applied to couples. If, due to one member of the couple's physical or mental disability, they cannot reasonably share a bedroom, they will be allocated an extra bedroom. This could be, for example, because the disabled person has to sleep in a special bed, cannot share this with their partner and there is no room in the bedroom for another bed, or equipment such as a hoist means that there is only room for one single bed, or because the non-disabled partner has their sleep disrupted frequently due to their partner's disability. The disabled person must be in receipt of the Daily Living Component of Personal Independence Payment, the middle or high rate care component of Disability Living Allowance, the High Rate of Attendance Allowance or Armed Forces Independence Payment.
A room for an overnight carer.
If you or your partner are disabled, any room needed for sleeping in by a carer (who does not normally live with you) who cares for you or your partner 'regularly' (it's up to the council / the DWP to decide if it is 'regularly') can be allocated a bedroom. For Universal Credit the person requiring the care must be getting either Personal Independence Payment (daily living component) or the middle or high rate care component of Disability Living Allowance.
From 1st April 2017, these rules were extended, so if it is one of your children, foster children or non-dependants who regularly receives the overnight care, an extra room can be allocated for their carer. For Universal Credit, the child or person requiring the care must be getting either Personal Independence Payment (daily living component) or the middle or high rate care component of Disability Living Allowance, Attendance Allowance or Armed Forces Independence Payment.
If someone in the household is a foster carer – NOTE: only one extra bedroom is allowed regardless of the number of foster children; but this rule still applies during gaps between fostering (while the gap is less than a year).
If a son or daughter is in the armed forces but normally lives with you, they retain their bedroom whilst away on operations.
If a son or daughter who normally lives with you is away at college / university, they retain their bedroom whilst away from home, so long as they intend to return (and do return) within 52 weeks (Housing Benefit) or 6 months (Universal Credit).
Once your local council / the DWP have worked out how many bedrooms you are deemed to need using the above rules, they will regard any bedroom you have above this as 'extra'. This is regardless of its size*, whether you use it or not and regardless of what* or who* you use it for, and so will mean you have to pay more rent.
*See the 'Frequently Asked Questions' page for ideas on challenging the local council's / DWP's decisions.
Mr Smith, age 45, lives alone in a 3 bedroom house with a rent of £100 a week. Because of some part-time earnings he would normally be entitled to £60 a week Housing Benefit. However, he has two 'extra' bedrooms and so his Housing Benefit is reduced by a Bedroom Tax deduction of 25% of £100 – ie £25.00, and so only gets £35 a week Housing Benefit.
Mr and Mrs Khan, both age 39, live with their two daughters aged 9 and 13 in a three bedroom house. Their rent is £120 a week and they would normally receive £15 per week in Housing Benefit. As their daughters are expected to share a bedroom they are regarded as having one extra bedroom. Their Housing Benefit is reduced by a Bedroom Tax reduction of 14% of £120, ie £16.80, so this takes them off Housing Benefit altogether.
Joe is disabled, gets Universal Credit, and lives on his own in a 2 bedroom flat. His sister comes to stay with him when his disability causes him problems at night- usually once or twice a week. Because he gets Disability Living Allowance (middle rate care) and his sister sleeps in the second bedroom when she visits, he fits the rules that allow his 'extra' bedroom so his Universal Credit entitlement will not be reduced by the Bedroom Tax.
First check that a Bedroom Tax deduction should apply to you (see the Frequently Asked Questions for more information). If you don't think it should (maybe the local council / DWP have the number of children wrong, or don't know about your overnight carer) then contact them immediately, and let us know – we may be able to help.
If the Bedroom Tax is being applied correctly and you are getting Housing Benefit, you need to pay the difference in your rent, otherwise you could lose your home. If you are struggling to pay your rent contact us immediately.
If the Bedroom Tax is being applied correctly and the Universal Credit you get each month includes help with your rent, this will not cover all the rent that is due so contact us to find out how much you have to pay. If you are struggling to pay your rent contact us immediately.
If the Bedroom Tax is being applied correctly and the DWP pay part of your Universal Credit to us, towards your rent, this will not cover all the rent that is due so contact us to find out how much you have to pay. If you are struggling to pay your rent contact us immediately.
If you are having real difficulties paying your rent then you might be able to get a Discretionary Housing Payment- but the council's budget is limited so you will need to explain your particular difficulties and provide a financial statement showing that you cannot afford the rent that is due. See the section on Discretionary Housing Payments for more information.
*Even if the Bedroom Tax should apply to you according to the government's rules, you might be able to argue successfully to an appeal tribunal that the rules are not being interpreted correctly in your case - see the Frequently Asked Questions for more information.


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Since I have an oily face I am all about face powders! I have so many and I now have some Hard Candy ones to add to my collection. Keep reading to see how these worked for me.
FAST & FABULOUS TRANSLUCENT LOOSE POWDER can be found at Walmart for $6.00. It is suppose to keep your face matte all day and suitable for all skin types. You can use this alone, on top of foundation, and through out the day. Hard Candy also states they do not test on animals.
SHEER ENVY BAKE, BRIGHTEN & SET LOOSE FINISHING POWDER is also $6.00 at Walmart. This banana colored powder is to help set concealers to increase the wear and protect against creasing. This can be used for "baking" by patting some loose powder on the under eye area after concealer and letting it sit for 5- 10 minutes and then dusting it off.
SHEER ENVY BAKE, BRIGHTEN & SET LOOSE FINISHING POWDER worked great for baking my under eye area. Pictured below is this banana colored powder baking my under eye area. I had no creasing all day and my pores around that area disappeared! It also dusted off pretty good. All of it dusted off and there was no discoloration left.
Sheer Envy under my eyes after foundation and concealer.
The FAST & FABULOUS TRANSLUCENT LOOSE POWDER worked pretty good on my oily skin. It didn't leave any white cast on my face and it went on very smoothly making my face look matte after liquid foundation application. Fast & Fabulous also did a great job for touch up throughout the day. It absorbed the oils on my face without disturbing my foundation which is always a plus.
Whole face dusted with Fast & Fabulous after foundation and Sheer Envy dusted off.
Are Hard Candy Sheer Envy and Fast & Fabulous Powders Worth It?!
Yes! They are only $6! They do what they are suppose to do and you can throw them in your purse for touch ups! This is also a great stocking stuffer for makeup lovers since its inexpensive and pretty small!
Finished look after using Hard Candy face powders.
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These are such great powders, and they are so affordable!
I love your finished look!
Wow, these are so inexpensive!
What a beautiful bright look you got from those terrific, affordable powders!
Eugenia, something is a little odd about your comment box. Jamie's info is showing up in the box, and so my comment is showing up as a second comment from The Beauty of Life. Too weird.
Anyway, I said, What a bright beautiful look you got from those affordable powders from Hard Candy!!
I love Hard Candy and their products are probably some of the best from the drugstore!
I have some Hard Candy products that are dupes of more expensive ones but are so great that I'd rather use the HC. I don't powder much but these sound like they'd be great to have.
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Maple Hill 101: Things are Springin' Up All Over!
Things are Springin' Up All Over!
The weather doesn't seem to be too sure of the season.
So much for getting some gardening done tonight.
There are some sure-fire signs of spring though.
the most perfect hibiscus bloom was spotted.
their azalea bush is bursting with intoxicating color!
was this odd-looking Queen palm tree.
is thanks to Hurricane Charley.
It was just before we moved to the area.
is the section of new growth since the storms.
Faye & Lynn lost over 200 trees on their 10 acres.
one sure sign of spring has made itself known.
Our native milkweeds are coming back all over the garden.
And soon we'll be overrun by monarch caterpillars devouring them all.
That's the price we must pay for enjoying the beautiful butterflies in our yard.
and are happy to host these and several other types of caterpillars all spring and summer.
It's spring and the cats are here!


Research published today (24 March 2014) provides critical new insight on the harmful links between smoking tobacco and developing tuberculosis (TB). Regular tobacco smoking doubles the risk that people who have been successfully treated for TB will develop TB again - a condition known as "recurrent" TB. The study is the most robust ever conducted into how smoking tobacco increases the risk of recurrent TB. It appears in the April issue of the International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease.
" The researchers followed a large sample of 5,567 TB patients in Taiwan, each of whom had TB confirmed through bacteriologic testing and went on to successfully complete TB treatment. Of those patients, 1.5 percent developed a recurrent case of TB, with regular tobacco smokers twice as likely to develop recurrent TB compared with former smokers and with individuals who had never smoked tobacco. Regular tobacco smokers were defined as individuals who smoked 10 or more cigarettes - equivalent to half a pack - per day.
Union, The. "New study shows smoking tobacco doubles risk of recurrent tuberculosis." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 25 Mar. 2014. Web.


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text:
Updated on May 20th 2018
I. Introductory provisions
Lumeer.io s.r.o. (limited liability company), Reg. ID: 06618278, registered office at Purkyňova 649/127, 612 00 Brno – Medlánky, Czech Republic, registered in the Commercial register maintained by the Regional Court in Brno, file no. C 102990, (further in text referred to as a provider) hereby declares that it is a company established under the laws of the Czech republic whose scope of business is production, trade and services other than those listed in annexes 1 to 3 of the Trade Licensing Act. The provider hereby declares that along other activities it develops software solutions for its customers.
Provider further declares that it is a developer and a sole owner of an online application Lumeer, available at www.lumeer.io which is suitable for creating charts and making analyses (further in text referred to as Lumeer). All economic and moral intellectual property rights are solely owned by the provider.
These General commercial terms and conditions apply to all relationships created between the provider and its customers by using or in connection with using the Lumeer application.
II. Granting of a basic license
Provider grants its customers – natural persons and companies (further in text referred to as recipients or recipient in singular) a right to use the Lumeer application on the grounds of a license. In order to become a recipient of a license a natural person shall be at least 18 years old and shall have full legal capacity.
The license agreement granting a right to use the Lumeer application is concluded between the provider and the recipient in the moment when the recipient finishes its registration through the registration form available at lumeer.io and confirms its registration via its email address. On the grounds of conclusion of the license agreement and subject to these General commercial terms and conditions the recipient is granted a license for an unlimited period of time. The license is granted free of charge.
The license is granted as non-exclusive, worldwide and perpetual. The license is only granted for the recipient and for an unlimited number of recipient's devices while in this moment the application can only be used on two recipient's devices and the recipient can upload up to 2,000 records in the database.
Provider reserves the right to terminate anytime the license agreement to use the basic version of Lumeer application. In this case the notice period ends on the last day of the month following the month in which the termination notice was sent to recipient's email address. In this case the recipient can decide to change to a paid version of the application or to no longer use the application.
Provider also offers business versions of Lumeer application with advanced functions. Different types of business versions of the application are available at www.lumeer.io/pricing/. Business versions are offered for a charge. In case the recipient decides to change to the business version he shall order the business version in the application and pay a monthly license fee. The business version is always provided for one month from the day of the payment of the license fee.
III. User account and the use of application
In the moment of entering into the license agreement a user account is created for the use and access of the recipient. The recipient acknowledges that employees of the provider can log into recipient's user account if it is necessary for administration, improving of the service or in order to help the recipient. Employees shall not in any way use or copy recipient's data. Employees are bound by confidentiality obligation and by the Principles of Data Protection available here.
Recipient shall keep the access data confidential and shall not disclose them to any third party. One user account shall be used by one person only.
Recipient shall not reproduce, rent, lend, distribute or provide the Lumeer application to any third parties. Recipient shall not create any copies of Lumeer application and distribute such copies in any way.
Recipient shall not use Lumeer in contrary with these licensing terms and instructions of the provider.
Recipient shall not intervene with the source code of Lumeer in any way, unless agreed otherwise with the provider in each specific case. Lumeer application is designed to be used by businesses as well as consumers.
IV. Use of the software solution Lumeer
Recipient shall ensure that the Lumeer application is used and operated with proper software and hardware. Provider is not responsible for functionality and availability of the software in case it is not operated on equipment that meets all the minimal requirements. The fact that the recipient does not possess proper equipment shall not affect recipient's obligation to pay the license fee.
While installing and using Lumeer application, recipient shall comply with all instructions given to him by the provider, otherwise the provider shall not guarantee functionality and availability of the software.
V. Recipient's rights and obligations
When entering into the license agreement subject to Article II. (2) of these General business terms and conditions, the recipient shall disclose only true and exact data. In case of change to the paid business version of the application the user is obliged to pay the license fee for every month of using of the application. The monthly fee is specified in provider's valid price list available at www.lumeer.io/pricing/. The license fee shall be due every month on the day which by its date reflects the day of entering into the license agreement (if there is no such day in the month, the license fee shall be due on the last day of the respective month). Payment of the license fee is always done by GoPay paywall.
Payment of the license fee for the business version of the application can be made once for several months in advance. Provider offers a possibility to pay discounted yearly license fee. The price of monthly and yearly license fees is specified in provider's valid price list available at www.lumeer.io/pricing/. After the one-off payment is made, the recipient is granted a license for the respective pre-paid period.
In case the license fee is not paid dully and on time the provider is entitled to limit or fully block recipient's user account until all due payments are made. Provider shall not be liable for any damages in relation with the inability to access the saved data.
Recipient shall use Lumeer logo on its website and in all marketing and advertising materials. Such use is allowed during the whole time the license agreement is in force. The abovementioned does not apply in case the logo is used contrary to good business practices or if false statements regarding cooperation were made. Recipient shall not delete any information regarding ownership, logos or marks from the outcomes of the application.
Recipient shall not damage provider's reputation in any way.
Recipient shall not conduct any activity in contrary to the laws of the Czech republic or principles of morality, or to impede rights of third parties by the use or in relation with the use of Lumeer application. Further recipient shall not in any way disturb operation of the service.
No other expenses or charges shall apply to recipient in relation with using Lumeer application except for the license fee. Recipient shall not pay any fees in relation to delivery or remote communication except for expenses related to the internet connection. Provider shall not be liable for any taxes or fees that can possibly arise from using the application.
In case of account misuse or alleged account misuse by a third party or in case of any other security incident, recipient is obliged to notify the provider with no delay by sending an email to privacy@lumeer.io.
VI. Provider's obligations
Throughout the whole license term the provider is obliged to enable the recipient to use Lumeer application if the recipient complies with all obligations defined hereunder.
Provider shall not be liable for any damage caused by non-availability or defective function of the application due to the use of improper hardware or software, not providing necessary cooperation by the recipient, use of the application contrary to the provider's instructions, intervention with the source code of Lumeer application, non-availability of sufficient internet access or due to a Force Majeure event. For the purpose of these license terms and conditions a hacker attack is also a Force Majeure event. Further, the provider shall not be liable for any damage caused by any viruses or any other damaging software present in recipient's or its customers' device.
Provider is not liable for lawfulness of data saved by the recipient in the application. Provider is not liable for deletion, alteration, damage, loss or malfunction of saved user data.
Provider only provides software solution. Provider shall not assume responsibility for processed or saved data by recipient.
Provider guarantees availability of the service in 99,9% of cases. This guaranteed period does not include time of shutdowns necessary for administration and maintenance of the application and time of pre-planned shutdowns that the recipient was informed about in advance. Maximum shutdown time in one month that the recipient would not be informed about shall be 3600 seconds per month. In case provider exceeds this limit, recipient shall be eligible to 5% discount off the next month's license fee for each hour of the shutdown or its elapsed part. Discount can be granted up to 100% of month's license fee. To exercise this right the recipient shall contact the provider by sending an email. The right shall be exercised within 10 days of the incident otherwise it lapses. These guarantees shall not be applicable to licenses granted pursuant to article VII. herein.
Article 5 shall not be applicable in situations when shutdown was caused by action of the recipient or by a person authorized by recipient, by outage of service necessary for running the application provided by a third party, pre-planned shutdowns announced to the recipient in advance, due to a hacker attack, Force Majeure event, etc. Shutdown is considered to be pre-planned and announced if announced to the recipient by email at least 24 hours before commencement.
Provider reserves a right at any time to change, expand and update the Lumeer application even without a prior notification.
VII. Termination of a license
Recipient shall pay the license fee in full amount on time in compliance with Article IV. 2 herein. In case the recipient fails to comply and does not pay the license expires automatically. From this moment the recipient shall no longer use the Lumeer application.
Provider shall not repay the license fee or its part in case the recipient decides during the license term to no longer use the application – in this case the license fee or its part shall not be repaid to the recipient. If the recipient is late with some part of a license fee payment he shall still be obliged to pay the license fee in full.
Provider reserves a right to terminate the license agreement in case the recipient infringes any provision herein, especially Article III. (2), (3), (4) and (5) herein or Article V. (2), (6) and (7) herein or if the recipient uses Lumeer logo contrary to the provisions herein. The termination is in effect from the moment of delivery of a termination notice to the recipient. From this moment the recipient shall no longer use the Lumeer application.
The recipient – as a consumer, has a right to terminate the license agreement within 14 days of its conclusion. To terminate the agreement the recipient shall send a termination notice to the provider to support@lumeer.io. The license is terminated in the moment the termination notice is delivered to the provider. In relation with the termination of the license agreement the consumer shall not incur any other costs besides the internet connection costs. In case the consumer paid the license fee he shall be remunerated by the provider with no delay after the termination is in effect.
The recipient shall delete his user account anytime during the existence of the agreement. In this case the agreement is terminated on the last day of the month following the month in which the account was deleted – from this day the recipient has no more license rights. In this case the recipient is not eligible for any remuneration of the license fee or its part.
In case the license rights cease to exist the provider shall use any available technical measures to prevent the recipient from further use of the application.
In case the recipient uses the paid version of Lumeer application after the license expired, he shall pay a fine of CZK 10,000 for each such use. Payment of the fine does not affect provider's right to claim damages in full. Paying of the fine does not entitle the recipient to further use the application in any way.
In case the recipient violates Article III. (2,3,4 and 5) herein and Article V. (2, 6 and 7) herein or if he uses Lumeer logo in violation with these commercial terms and conditions he shall pay to the provider a 10.000 CZK fine for each such violation. Payment of the fine does not affect provider's right to claim damages in full.
In case of termination of the license agreement the provider shall keep recipient's data for a maximum period of 6 months. During this period upon a recipient's request the provider can renew the account including its content (this is only possible after all recipient's obligations with the provider are settled). After this period lapses all content shall be deleted. After deletion of the account by the recipient all data shall be deleted within one month. After the lapse of these periods the provider shall only keep necessary data for the purpose of fulfilment of provider's legal or assumed obligations.
The provider reserves a right to delete unused user accounts. An unused user account is an account that had not been accessed by the user for a period longer than one year.
VIII. Beta version of the application
Provider can grant selected users a license to use beta version of the application. The recipients acknowledge that a beta version is not officially released version of the application and it can contain bugs. No guarantees apply to beta version and no reliability of the application is granted.
The recipient who was offered a beta version shall report all bugs and problems with no delay and cooperate on their removal.
The recipient who was offered a beta version shall upon provider's demand fill in a written evaluation of recipient's experience with the beta version which can be used by the provider without limitation for further development of the application.
Provider reserves a right to terminate the use of beta version at any time.
IX. Miscellaneous
All communication between the parties shall take place via email. Provider's email address is support@lumeer.io. Recipient's email shall be the email address that the recipient provided at registration.
Termination notice and a notice to pay fine shall be sent to parties' email addresses. Termination notice and a notice to pay fine are considered to be delivered after 7 days of sending thereof to the email address of the other party.
Provider declares that all organizational and technical measures that can be reasonably required from the provider in respect to the state of the art, investments to implementation, nature, scope and context of processing of data had been taken in order to secure recipient's data which are saved to software solution Lumeer. All user accounts are encrypted.
X. Complaints
All rights arising from the defective performance can be exercised by the recipient to the provider. In case of any faults in Lumeer or in case of potential unavailability of Lumeer the recipient shall contact provider via email.
Provider shall solve all incidents within the shortest possible time.
If the unavailability or malfunction of Lumeer was caused by recipient's breach of obligations, e.g. by intervention with the source code, improper software or hardware, etc., the provider shall charge the recipient for a fault diagnostics according to a valid price list.
XI. Personal data protection
Provider hereby declares that processing of personal data shall be done without causing any harm to the rights of natural persons. In relation to that provider adopted Principles of Data Protection available here.
Provider is aware that if personal data is processed in relation to the use of Lumeer, the provider is in position of a controller and therefore he shall comply with all legal obligations and the Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (General Data Protection Regulation) (GDPR).
Provider reserves a right to disclose data to a third party if required by law, injunction or by an order of a state authority allowed to regulate business of the provider.
XII. Final provisions
Relationship between the provider and recipient shall be governed by the laws of the Czech republic, especially by the Act no. 89/2012 Civil Code, or Act no. 121/2000 Copyright Act. Any disputes between the parties shall be by decided by a competent court in the Czech republic.
The authority competent to decide disputes between the provider and recipient out-of-court is the Czech Trade Inspection Authority, registered office at Štěpánská 567/15, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic, www.coi.cz.
If any of the provisions herein becomes invalid the rest of the license agreement and these commercial terms and conditions as such shall remain effective.
These commercial terms and conditions enter into force and effect on 25th May 2018.
In Brno on 20th May 2018
In case of any questions or problems, please contact us at www.lumeer.io/contact/.


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1984 Comparative Analysis
Aberrant Data Allow it to be said, as a point of peremptory optimism, that the author of this essay invests every confidence in the strength of the human intelligence. Men fail, as surely and naturally as any carbonic life, but one mind always survives another. And the mind endures, ungovernable, difficulty notwithstanding. The question of utopia is not so easily answered as "perfection" or dystopia as "imperfection". "Perfect" is not a reasonable or corporate state ; it is an apparition, flitting across each separate and respective conscious. Practicably, utopia and dystopia are mentally engendered by command of the human mind. If each brain were completely reconstituted, so that any thoughts entering therein were run like a cortical clockwork, …show more content…
The importance of their works is in their effects: the machines, though owning operative differences, are still fed a social body which, borne among hot coals and heat, are changed- dehumanized.
These very means must nevertheless be essayed. In Brave New World, Huxley suggests genetic engineering as his mode of human manufacture. The populations of the World State are concocted, the result being a completely predictable social body which, artificially conditioned from early on, and saved from the chances of viviparous reproduction, are easily brought in and mastered. Sexual and spiritual escapes, obstructions to the logical cause, are synthetically replaced. Everyone is happy.
Orwell subscribes likewise to human conditioning. In "Doublethink", any reasonable Oceanian transacts reality, untruth upon untruth, so that "Whatever was true now was true from everlasting to everlasting. It was quite simple. All that was needed was an unending series of victories over your own memory" (Orwell 31). Orwell's observation allowed him to believe that people could, after a measurable manipulation, accept contradiction which is most naturally refused entrance into the human mind. As for the sexual impulse, it easily becomes the armament of hatred and war, or else is only momentarily pacified through prostitution or other …show more content…
The economic machine bent to its work, producing on an instant what any manual labor could not achieve. There was apprehension, of course; the work mills were "dark and satanic", and the people themselves were reduced into a moral crudity (that is, from a moralistic philosophy). Bohemianism came out of the earliest need for escapism in the industrial world, something to which the doctrines of middle and latter philosophers can partly be ascribed. The Bohemians were mostly vagrant artists and the practitioners of an immaterial life. These lives were usually a contradiction of bourgeois ways of thought. Critically, it can be said that the Bohemians, much as the Transcendentalists or the Hippies, were without modernity's commonest sensibility: the practical and necessary measures of survival. Although the fecundity of industrialist practice could not be argued, the utopian enchantment was perhaps so deeply impressed in the Bohemians' intellectual pretensions that they could not accept the necessary progression of the scientific
Alienation In The Communist Manifesto
Labourers are alienated from craftsmanship through factory work, and thus lack in pure self-sufficiency. This alienation means the need to understand and indulge in their own humanity will advance a revolution. The material and corrupt world…
Adam Smith Vs Say's Law Case Study
Even though the standard of living increased thanks to capitalism, Marx witnessed laborers always tried to make ends meet. Marx's ideas of capitalism was the direct opposite of what Smith proposed. He wasn't as optimistic as Smith, he was more cynical and pessimistic when it came to capitalism based off his critics of the economic theory that Smith defended. His system of reasoning involves two ideas, that capitalism is crisis prone, and that there is class exploitation in…
Chapter Summary: The Time Machine By G. Wells
In "The Time Machine," the beautiful Eloi seem to be the perfect inhabitants of an advanced age. But the Time Traveler soon discovers that the advancements of civilization have enfeebled the Eloi; without any pressing requirements for survival, they have become weak, lazy, and stupid. While their civilization has seemingly become perfect, they have become decidedly imperfect. Evolution has problems in application to the world of mankind, since man changes his environment as he himself changes. Therefore, the changing environment may not always produce desirable changes in man, and Social Darwinism's argument that those who succeed in a given environment are naturally superior is not valid.…
Liberation In Brave New World
Liberation "Savage" is a word laced with contempt, fear, and a tone of dominance. It exerts a sense of spiteful superiority and draws the mind to an era when men mercilessly subjugated that which they did not understand instead of extending hands to the peculiar and new. Race, appearance, and social class are all central subjects in conflicts of dominance, providing a tangible basis to push victims back and the elite forward. In Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, progress has become the means of oppression, and as technology takes over, it leaves those deemed worthless by the World State in the dust. Those who live in savage reservations populate a land that time has forgotten, and this benefits as well as detriments their community.…
Humanity In Brave New World
From day one, humanity has depended on something to provide answers for the unexplainable or the unusual. Some greater being to serve, as if their only purpose on Earth was to serve. In "Brave New World" by Aldous Huxley, it is shown what happens when the government decides technology to be the "greater being" that humanity depends on. They gave people solace after the war, leaving behind the old world and creating a new one. A new stable and 'civilized' society where emotions barely exist, sex is a recreational activity and everyone is in a constant state of 'ignorant bliss'.…
Shop Till You Drop Consumerism Analysis
Almost without our knowledge, it has forced us to assume values which, if consciously evaluated, we would shun, yet without question we accept. The control marketing and advertising has on individuals is extensive. We are so distracted by the glitz and glitter advertising uses that we are almost robot-like in our behavior. We purchase more and more, bigger and better, all in the quest for the magic formula that will transform us, yet it eludes us because it was never there; it never existed. We were fooled by the clever manipulation of the world of advertising.…
Marxism In Brave New World
In complex settings, such as in Brave New World, society primarily relies on technology, which continuously begins to control human behavior upon social and ethical limitations. Social control has altered to be more extensive and casts a much larger shadow, allowing control to become an expansionary trend. In the use of science and technology for purposes of social control, to enforce humanistic norms by avoiding infractions, has only served to saturate modern society amongst the standardized idea of 'stability' (Marx). In result, Brave New World includes the horrifying possibility that influence in the sciences of biology and psychology could be change by a totalitarian government that could cause difference between the way homosapiens think and act. As described in the novel, technology refers to the tools and applications developed from science; while science is knowledge, but yet technology is the action taken based upon the given knowledge (Marx).…
Power In Aldous Huxley's A Brave New World
Think of this; as of right now, this second, the world can be destroyed in the push of a button. Can you believe that such a power is possessed by modern society? Throughout the world, science is turning from a helpful tool to a piercing two-handed sword that needs caution when held. In Brave New World, the author, Aldous Huxley, shows us a world that has been over-encumbered with science and technology. Eugenics techniques are used with reproduction of humans instead of natural birth and the world is essentially controlled by selected "controllers".…
Is Capitalism Inherently Evil
Two specific topics that stood out to me over the course of our readings and discussions are: Is capitalism inherently evil and has the rise of capitalism come to mean the end of the idea of a "society" as we know it? By this, I mean has capitalism instilled in new American society the idea that the world is "every man for himself?" And are we losing ourselves and our culture by reducing ourselves down to nothing but work machines? I use the term "inherently evil" as basis for my discussion but I myself am not a believer in anything being "inherently" anything, because many factors influence the outcome of the system of capitalism (or anything else, for that matter), and to state that capitalism in itself is horrible, evil, and corrupt without…
Mustapha Mond In Aldous Huxley's Brave New World
He expands on these ideas in a way that creates doubt as to the legitimacy of their presence in a large, ever-expanding society. For example, The Savage was silent for a little. "All the same," he insisted obstinately, "Othello's good, Othello's better than those feelies." (Huxley 151).…


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When American gun owners celebrate the tenth anniversary of the landmark Supreme Court Second Amendment ruling in District of Columbia v. Heller next Tuesday, that loud fingernails-on-a-blackboard sound will be coming from the headquarters of gun prohibition lobbying organizations currently using money as a weapon to erase the right of individual citizens to keep and bear arms.
This Sunday, according to The Outdoor Wire, Tom Gresham's Gun Talk radio program (2-5 p.m. EDT/11 a.m.-1 p.m. PDT) will discuss the Heller decision with the attorney who skillfully argued the case: Alan Gura. He is the counselor who also argued the equally-important – and perhaps moreso – case of McDonald v. City of Chicago for the Second Amendment Foundation. That ruling came down two years later, almost to the day, nullifying the Chicago handgun ban and more significantly incorporating the Second Amendment to the states via the 14th Amendment.
The Heller ruling was authored by the late Justice Antonin Scalia. He thoroughly demolished the arguments of dissent author, and now-retired, Justice John Paul Stevens. It was Stevens who wrote in March that the Second Amendment should be repealed; an essay so revealing of Stevens' dislike for the individual right to keep and bear arms that many wonder how he was ever confirmed to the Supreme Court in the first place.
Without Heller, the McDonald challenge to Chicago's handgun ban would have been impossible. Heller and more importantly McDonald that opened the floodgates wide for challenges to restrictive state and local laws over the past eight years by SAF, the National Rifle Association and others.
JUSTICE STEVENS places overwhelming reliance upon this Court's decision in United States v. Miller, 307 U. S. 174 (1939). "[H]undreds of judges," we are told, "have relied on the view of the amendment we endorsed there," post, at 2, and "[e]ven if the textual and historical arguments on both sides of the issue were evenly balanced, respect for the well-settled views of all of our predecessors on this Court, and for the rule of law itself . . . would prevent most jurists from endorsing such a dramatic upheaval in the law," post, at 4. And what is, according to JUSTICE STEVENS, the holding of Miller that demands such obeisance? That the Second Amendment "protects the right to keep and bear arms for certain military purposes, but that it does not curtail the legislature's power to regulate the nonmilitary use and ownership of weapons." Post, at 2.
However, since the 2010 McDonald ruling, the Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Roberts has avoided further Second Amendment cases. Many in the rights community are suspicious that this is because the court knows it can swing only one way on further expanding gun rights and it would put full tilt on gun laws in states such as New Jersey, Maryland, New York and California, and that could be a disaster for political correctness, if not American politics altogether. Therefore, the reluctance exists.
So the battle over guns will continue. Still to be settled are serious questions about carry outside the home in public places (what other constitutionally-delineated right is limited to the confines of someone's house?) and whether such firearms as modern sporting rifles are protected.
Concealed carry is pretty common – more than 16.3 million people are licensed, according to some estimates – and modern sporting rifles are in common use, with somewhere between 10 and 15 million of them in circulation, owned by millions of citizens who have harmed nobody.
Today, a decade after Heller, wealthy elitists with billions in the bank have given financial and moral support to the gun prohibition lobby. Efforts to erode if not outright erase the Second Amendment are at a fever pitch. Public initiatives are currently the weapon of choice, the logic apparently being that if they can't destroy the Second Amendment legislatively, they'll simply buy it with expensive initiative campaigns.
As gun owners observe "Heller-plus-ten," now is a good time to ask whether the Second Amendment is for sale.


Optical systems protected by plane-parallel entrance windows from external environmental conditions were studied to determine the radiant fluxes passing through their circular apertures from wide-angle on-axis and off-axis point sources. The study was performed for the case when the windows, the internal environments, and the external environments of these optical systems were considered as three different homogeneous isotropic and attenuating media. All considerations were made for ideal plane-parallel windows illuminated by an arbitrary radiation field applying the multiple-reflection theory. As a result of this study a multi-domain integral equation method based on a mathematical formula expressed by a series of multiple-reflected fluxes of radiation within the plane-parallel window was proposed. The applicability of the method was tested using computer simulations for an isotropic point source and a small area Lambertian source represented by a point-source model. The computed results were validated by the optical software for layout and optimization program from Lambda Research Corporation (USA). The selected results were illustrated graphically and analyzed. The numerical simulations have shown high accuracy and efficiency in the calculations for arbitrary emitting point sources. The potential applications of the presented method include optical sensing and metrology of noncollimated radiation from the various on-axis and off-axis point sources.


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