2007-04-06 First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=27483432&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US6689344(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset" by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The present invention relates to a dry type tooth-whitening patch comprising peroxide as a tooth whitening agent. In particular, disclosed is a dry type tooth-whitening patch in which peroxide is contained, as a teeth whitening agent, in a matrix type adhesive layer. The adhesive layer includes, as a base polymer thereof, a hydrophilic glass polymer, which provides a strong adhesion to teeth while releasing the tooth whitening agent when hydrated on the enamel layers of teeth in the moist oral cavity.
The dry type patch according to the present invention is convenient in use, as compared to wet type patches. Further, it exhibits a superior adhesion while being maintained in a state attached to the teeth for a lengthened period of time so as to assure an enough contact time between the whitening agent in the patch and stains on the teeth, thereby giving a sufficient whitening effect.
This application is a continuation-in-part of and claims the benefit of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/049,817 filed on Feb. 19, 2002 and International Patent Application No. PCT/KR01/00207 filed Feb. 13, 2001 designating the United States of America and published in English, and claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/324,555 filed on Sep. 25, 2001; each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
The present invention relates to a dry type patch that makes stains of teeth removed and teeth whitened only through attachment to the teeth. More particularly, it relates to a dry type patch comprising a hydrophilic glass polymer as an adhesive layer in a matrix type on a backing layer and peroxide as a whitening agent, in which the hydrophilic glass polymer provides a strong adhesive attachment to teeth while releasing tooth whitening agent when hydrated by the moist on teeth. The dry type patch of the present invention is characterized by having unobtrusive appearance since it is transparent. Therefore, it can be used without interfering with normal social life. In addition, the patch can be used conveniently since the stability with time of peroxides in the adhesive layer at a high temperature can be assured.
As people's interest in whitening teeth is increased, a number of toothpaste having tooth whitening effect is commercially available. However, even though the toothpaste contains a tooth whitening agent of good performance, it is hard to achieve a significant teeth whitening effect in a short period of time, by brushing teeth for 1 to 3 minutes of contact time between teeth and toothpaste.
Recently, in order to solve the above problems, a number of patent applications related thereto has been filed and tooth whitening products of various formulations have been introduced in the markets.
Among them, for the professional whitening gel, a patient needs to visit a dentist once or twice to examine his exact dental condition and to measure size of teeth. The dentist manufactures a mouth tray fitting teeth of the respective patient based on the examination and measurement. The patient applies a whitening gel to inner walls and a trough of the tray following instructions at home and wears the tray overnight or twice a day for 2 to 4 days in a week. Typically, the above treatment will be completed in 2 to 4 weeks. However, it has disadvantages in that using the tray is not convenient for a patient and when wearing the tray, the patient experiences discomfort feeling. Further, the patient has to pay lots of money to fabricate his own mouth tray. In addition, a peroxide gel at a high concentration loaded in the mouth tray may flow upon teeth and contact with gum, causing irritation or damage of the gum or mouth cavity.
In order to solve these problems, Japanese Patent No. 10,017,448, assigned to Lion Cor. discloses plasters for oral cavity, which comprises a teeth adhesion layer and a supporting layer. A whitening agent which can be used in this patent includes kojic acid and derivatives thereof, ascorbic acid and derivatives thereof, carbamide peroxide and the like but kojic acid and various salts thereof are described as being particularly effective. However, since the above-mentioned whitening agents have a strong acidity, it may cause irritation in an oral cavity due to a low pH. Such agents can provide superior whitening effect at a high acidity. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain a plaster of good whitening effect without irritation.
The kojic acid is widely used in skin care products. However, it has not been proved to have tooth-whitening effect and has not been used as a tooth-whitening agent. In practice, when adding ascorbic acid and derivatives thereof, or carbamide peroxide as a whitening agent respectively to a patch formulation comprising a glass polymer as an adhesive, discoloration and stickiness occurs as time goes by. In particular, when adding carbamide peroxide, severe problems occur in terms of storage as crystal forms at a temperature 40° C.
In addition, the whitening agents mentioned in the patent are usually considered to be unstable. However, the patent does not include a description with regarding to a stabilization of these whitening agents. The above patent seems to be an idea patent, which is formed by combining kojic acid, which is a typical raw material of cosmetic composition for skin whitening, produced by Lion Cor. into a plaster formulation using a common polymer without conducting concrete studies.
Japanese Patent No. 12,281,548, filed on Mar. 16, 1999 and published on May 30, 2000, discloses a tooth whitening kit set. Claim 2 describes a water-insoluble tape, sheet, film, dental tray, mouth tray, mouthpiece, impression pack, pack material, and chewing brushing having a plurality of protrusion on a surface contacting with teeth and prepared by forming upon dental arch. Upon reviewing the specification, the invention is characterized by thinly applying a whitening component in a gel phase on a supporting layer of the above appliances or by immersing the adhesion portion of the above appliances in a solution containing a whitening agent. That is, the appliances claimed in this patent are wet type. When using such type of appliances, the whitening agent may contact with hands or other part of body, causing irritation.
Further, the adhesion portion of water-insoluble tape or sheet is composed of woven or non-woven fabric, for example, rayon, cotton, silk or paper while the supporting layer is composed of water-insoluble film, for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, etc. Thus, it is not considered that the invention is improved over the Patent No. 10,017,448.
Meanwhile, this invention uses a poly phosphate as a whitening agent, instead of peroxide along with anionic surfactant and low molecular weight alcohol having not more than 3 of carbon atoms. It is described that the surfactant and low molecular weight alcohol are added to facilitate the condensed phosphate infiltrating into stains. However, though effectively infiltrating into stains, poly phosphate cannot remove intrinsic stain or heavy extrinsic stain.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,879,691, 5,891,453 and 5,989,569, and WO 98/55044, assigned to Procter & Gamble disclose a delivery system for a tooth whitener, comprising a transparent, thin and flexible polyethylene strip having a professional whitening gel and the like thereon, wherein the professional whitening gel and the like is pre-coated in a manufacturing process or applied directly by wearer before attaching the strip to teeth. Since it does not use a mouth tray, easiness to use is improved. Further, since the strip is thin and transparent, daily life is not interrupted when wearing the strip. However, upon reviewing the examples, it is noted that the invention of this patent is a wet type teeth-whitening system constructed by using a tooth whitening substance along with as a gelling agent, preferably carboxypolymethylene, obtained from B. F. Goodrich Company under trade name of Carbopol, water, pH adjusting agent and additive carrier materials and applying the substance onto a strip of flexible material. When handling this type of system or attaching and wearing the system onto teeth, the gel containing peroxide of a high concentration as a tooth whitener may adhere to and leave on hands, tongue, gum and the like. Therefore, there is room for improvement in handling. Further, since stabilization of peroxide in the formulation is not sufficiently assured, the whitening effect may be diminished when storing at a high temperature or for a long period of time.
WO 00/54699 discloses a strip improved in its shape over the strip of its parent patent so that a whitening agent and a strip contact with teeth in better fitting. The most important feature of this patent is that the strip is of a shape covering the user's front four teeth and two canine teeth while allowing the tips of the two canine teeth to protrude. When the strip covers the tips of the two canine teeth, it is difficult for the user to attach the strip conforming the contour of teeth so as to remain the bleaching gel in contact with the teeth surface for a sufficient time. However, when attaching a strip of a trapezoidal shape on the lower teeth and folding it over the teeth so as to attach it onto the backside of the teeth, the tongue may touch the strip, causing uncomfortable feeling. In order to improve a feeling of using the strip, it would be more desirable to provide an enough adhesion and flexibility for the system so that the system would be comfortably attached onto both the front side and the back side of the teeth than to assure a contact time by means of a shape of the system, without making the system in a trapezoidal shape or in a structure not covering the tips of two canine teeth.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,310,563 and 5,639,445, assigned to Colgate-Palmolive Company, disclose a dental material comprising an active component dispersed in a polysiloxane polymer composition sold under the trade name Dow Corning 3179 Dilatant Compound by Dow Corning Corporation, which is attached to the teeth by pressing it against the teeth and the gum and easily removed from the teeth without breaking pieces and adhering to tooth surfaces. However, whereby the material has a construction with an active component capsulated in the polymer, the active component cannot be easily released. Consequently, it is required an extended contact time in order to obtain a tooth whitening effect.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a dry type patch for tooth whitening comprising a hydrophilic glass polymer as a material of an adhesive layer and a peroxide as a tooth whitening agent, which is capable of accomplishing a sufficient contact time between the tooth whitening agent and stains on surfaces of teeth. It is an other object of the present invention to provide a dry type patch for tooth whitening which is safe when a user handles by hands and fingers or while a user wears on teeth since the tooth whitening agent does not adhere to and leave on user's hands and not irritate sensitive skin in the moist oral cavity. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a dry type patch for tooth whitening, which can be used easily and conveniently and has a good wearing feeling, thereby comforting the user while wearing the patch.
A dry type patch for tooth whitening according to the present invention accomplishes the above and other objects.
The present invention provides a novel dry type patch for tooth whitening comprising peroxide as a tooth whitening agent. In particular, the present invention provides a dry type patch for tooth whitening in which peroxide is contained as a tooth whitening agent in an adhesive layer in a matrix type on a backing layer, which includes a hydrophilic glass polymer as a base polymer thereof. The hydrophilic glass polymer can provide a strong adhesion to teeth while releasing the tooth whitening agent dispersed therein when hydrated on the enamel layer of teeth in the moist oral cavity.
The dry type patch according to the present invention is convenient in use, as compared to a conventional wet type patch. Further, it exhibits a superior adhesion while being maintained in a state attached to the teeth for an extended period of time so as to assure an enough contact time between the tooth whitening agent in the patch and stains on the teeth, thereby giving sufficient tooth whitening effect.
For a dry type system for a tooth whitening, the stability with time of peroxide used as a tooth whitening agent raises an issue. In the present invention, in order to solve this problem, a stabilizer for peroxide is added. Further, by selecting a glass polymer having a good compatibility with peroxide and controlling appropriately the solvate ratio it is possible to solve the problem associated with the stability of peroxide even without adding a stabilizer. Therefore, according to the present invention, there is provided a novel dry type patch for tooth whitening, comprising a hydrophilic glass polymer as an adhesion layer of the patch and a peroxide as a tooth whitening agent dispersed therein and which attains to a stability of peroxide either by using a stabilizer for peroxide or by selecting a glass polymer having a good compatibility with peroxide and controlling the solvate ratio appropriately.
Also, according to the present invention, polyphosphates may be added along with peroxide as a tooth-whitening agent in order to enhance the tooth whitening effect.
In general, patches used in the medical purpose are divided into two categories: a wet type and a dry type. The wet, type patch is for example, a hydrogel formulation, or a formulation formed by applying a gel to an adhesive layer or immersing an adhesive layer in a solution. This type of patch is characterized in that an initial state of the formulation is wet since content of water or humectant in the formulation is high. Meanwhile, the dry type is characterized in that an initial state of the formulation is dry since the content of water or humectant in the formulation is low. For delivering a moisturizer or other medicinal components to a dry skin, it is preferable to use the wet type of patches due to its good flexibility and watery property. However, the wet type patch formulation generally lacks adhesion strength. Further, since it is sticky from the initial state when a user handles it, a medicinal agent may adhere to hands when attaching the formulation onto a desired place. Moreover, in a certain case, a medicinal agent or a gel comprising a tooth whitening agent may pass through a supporting layer toward the opposite side thereof in accordance with formulation. Specially, for a patch formulation including peroxide at a high concentration applied in a gel containing a great quantity of humectant, when a user fumbles about to try to attach the patch fitting with contours of teeth, the peroxide may adhere to undesired site, such as hands, lip, tongue, etc, causing irritation. Further, the humectant usually has no taste. Therefore, if it leaves on tongue, the user may have an alien feeling.
Thus, the present inventors adopt the dry type for a new patch formulation. The dry type patch according to the present invention has advantages that it has a sufficient adhesion strength in the moist oral cavity while avoiding of a tooth whitening agent adhering to hands or other places as well as gum and tongue in the oral cavity and reducing an alien feeling.
In order to produce such a dry type patch, it is necessary to select a polymer, which is able to acquire an adhesion or strengthen its adhesion when hydrated by a small quantity of water at a desired place while having a little or no adhesion strength in a dry state. Also, the polymer should begin to release a tooth whitening agent via hydration. The inventors discovered that a hydrophilic glass polymer has such properties and thus forms the present invention by employing the hydrophilic glass polymer as a base polymer in an adhesive layer of a matrix type patch.
According to the present invention, as a backing layer a sheet formed by using water-insoluble and water-impermeable polymer as a film former is used. The backing layer plays a role of preventing the adhesive layer from adhering to gum or tongue and the patch from deforming or being detached from teeth by saliva.
The tooth whitening effect may be controlled by adjusting a thickness of patch or by varying tooth whitening agents. Since the present patch is transparent, it is possible for user to observe oxygen bubbles of peroxide bleaching teeth or removing stains during wearing the patch and thereby to recognize visibly a whitening effect. Also, since the patch of transparent material according to the present invention is not conspicuous upon wearing, the user's daily life would not be impeded.
The matrix type patch of the present invention is intended to be attached not to a skin or a mucous membrane, but to an enamel layer of tooth so as to supply a tooth whitening agent to surface of teeth for a sufficient time.
The principle that the patch may be adhered to teeth and a whitening agent contained in the matrix is released on the surface of teeth is described below.
In fields of drug delivery systems, there has been suggested an idea using moisture transpired from skin in a transdermal formulation so as to release a drug when a predetermined time passes after attachment for transdermal delivery of drug with time lag. More particularly, a barrier impermeable to drug is provided between drug reservoir and skin adhesion surface in a transdermal formulation. When the formulation is attached to skin, the barrier is gradually hydrated by moisture transpired from skin, whereby its permeability to drug is increased. In this case, a hydrophilic glass polymer may be used as material of the barrier.
Based on the above idea, the present invention is formed by using a hydrophilic glass polymer in an adhesive layer of matrix type patch so that the whitening agent is not released in a dry state when the user handles the patch to attach it onto teeth, but is released when the polymer is hydrated by moist on teeth. Most of such glass polymers, when hydrated, provide sufficient adhesion strength to remain the contact state with surface of teeth. Thus, according to the present invention, it is not needed to use an additional means or features for fixing the patch against teeth so as to attain sufficient contact time between the whitening agent and teeth, such as marginal adhesive layer to be folded onto back side of teeth. Also, the patch of the present invention does not generate significant irritation of gum or skin in oral cavity when it directly contacts with gum or the skin. In addition, the patch of the present invention can be attached to teeth only so that the whitening agent in not released onto gum. Thus, the first feature of the present invention is to use a hydrophilic glass polymer in the adhesive layer of the dry type patch.
For these purposes, a polymer which can be used in the adhesive layer of the patch according to the present invention includes poly alkyl vinyl ether-maleic acid copolymer (PVM/MA copolymer) such as, Gantrez AN 119, AN 139, and S-97, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, Poloxamer 407 (Pluronic), polyvinyl pyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (PVP/VA copolymer), such as Luviskol VA, and Plasdone S PVP/VA, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP, K-15˜K-120), Polyquaterium-11 (Gafquat 755N), Polyquaterium-39 (Merquat plus 3330), carbomer (Carbopol), hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, hydroxy ethyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, gelatin and alginate salt such as sodium alginate. The above-described polymers can be used alone or in a mixture. A solvent for these polymers includes water, ethanol or any mixture thereof.
The patch to be attached onto teeth should be flexible enough such that it is deformable to conform to contour line of teeth. Some polymers have a poor flexibility depending upon their classes. In this case, a suitable plasticizer may be added. Although such plasticizer may vary according to the class and preparation of the polymer used, propylene glycol, glycerin, and polyethylene glycol are generally usable.
The tooth whitening agent contained in the tooth enamel adhesive layer may be selected from a group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide, calcium peroxide, sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate peroxidate and mixtures thereof. Tetrasodium pyrophosphate peroxidate (TSPP-H2O2), which is an addition compound of tetrasodium pyrophosphate and hydrogen peroxide, displays properties of tetrasodium pyrophosphate, per se, as well as properties of hydrogen peroxide in state of an aqueous solution or crystal. Usually, tetrasodium pyrophosphate stabilizes hydrogen peroxide without changing intrinsic properties of hydrogen peroxide. In other words, it prevents a problem caused when using hydrogen peroxide alone. Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide may be promoted by metallic catalase, UV-ray, oxidase, thermal treatment, etc., whereas tetrasodium pyrophosphate peroxidate is stable against the above-described materials and treatments and displays intrinsic properties and functions of hydrogen peroxide. In practice, using tetrasodium pyrophosphate peroxidate in a liquid, gel or paste phase shows the good stability with time at a temperature of 40° C., as compared to using peroxide alone. However, even though using tetrasodium pyrophosphate peroxidate, the stability of peroxide in the patch cannot easily achieved.
In general, peroxide is known to be hardly stabilized in a product due to its good reactivity. Further, it has a poor compatibility with polymers. Stability of peroxide in a product relates to a type or preparation of the product. In connection with the stability of peroxide in a product, there are many patents dealing with the stabilization of peroxide in a ordinary gel, paste or solution phase and some of them are found to assure a stability of certain extent at a high temperature. However, there is no suggestion with respect to the stabilization of peroxide in a thin coated gel or patch. The present inventors likewise found after conducting much studies that such problem cannot be solved by means of known peroxide stabilizers.
Now, the inventors have discovered a stabilizer, which can be used within range in application of the present invention without harming fundamental properties of the patch according to the present invention and can improve the stability with time of peroxide in the patch at a high temperature, during screening stabilizers for peroxide in the patch.
Therefore, in accordance with another aspects the present invention relates to the use of a stabilizer for peroxide along with a peroxide as a tooth whitening agent.
A stabilizer which has a good compatibility with peroxide comprises one or more selected from a group consisting of alkyl aryl sulphonate, alkyl sulphate, alkyl carboxylate, alkyl diphenyl oxide disulphonate, a series of Span, such as Span 60 (sorbitan stearate), Span 80 (sorbitan monooleate), Span 85 (sorbitan trioleate) and mixtures thereof. More detailed explanation will be described below.
According to the present invention, a peroxide is used as a main tooth-whitening agent in the patch. However, for the patch including only the whitening agent, content of peroxide in the patch decreases as time passes when stored the patch at a temperature of 40° C. Upon examining the whitening effect of the patch in vitro, it was observed that the whitening effect is lessened, compared to the initial stage. For a gel type formulation, loss of peroxide over a time is small even when an overdose of polymer is used, as a film forming agent and a special stabilizer for peroxide is not added. Even if formulation includes a peroxide which lacks a stability, a desired effect can be obtained by using a small amount of a chelating agent, such as EDTA or sodium citrate, commonly known as a stabilizer for a peroxide. However, in the present invention wherein a solvent of gel is vaporized to give a sheet-shaped patch, things are different. If a stabilizer is not used in the composition though the same as that used above, the stability with time of peroxide in the patch is more deteriorated than that obtained in a solution phase. Furthermore, upon addition of a chelating agent it is observed that a stability of peroxide in the patch dropped, compared before its addition. In addition, even when using a Dequest phosphonate class of a stabilizer, which is known for its superior stabilizing effect against a peroxide in the solution, satisfactory stabilization effect cannot be obtained.
As described above, the reason the stability with time of peroxide in the patch differs in accordance with formulation type such as a gel, liquid or sheet phase may be reflected in various way. According to U.S. Pat. No. 4,320,102, peroxide is characterized by being very sensitively decomposed through a catalytic reaction of by a minimal amount of metal contained in the composition. There have been reported data showing that where 0.1 mg of iron, 0.2 mg of copper, 0.1 mg of magnesium or 0.02 mg of chromium per 1 L of 5% peroxide aqueous solution, the peroxide would be decomposed. The present invention that is a sheet type patch formed by vaporization of solvent from a solution or gel phase should contain a high content of metal in the patch having a small thickness. Further, the sheet shaped patch has a wide surface area, which allows a high rate of reaction on the surface. In practice, it is found that gel applied thinly on a surface, leading a wide surface area, decreases in residual peroxide over the time pass, while gel including same composition, but contained in a container is stable at a relatively high temperature. For these reason, the patch such as the present invention requires some treatments or additives for stabilization of peroxides.
In the present invention, the stabilizer for peroxide used in the patch is composed of mainly surfactant or emulsifying agent, which forms micelles on the surface of sheet, causing a positive effect to the stabilization of peroxide. However, some of hydrophilic glass polymers, which can be used in the present invention, have a good compatibility with peroxide so that the peroxide can be sufficiently stabilized by adjusting solvent ratio without addition of certain stabilizer for peroxide. Thus, the present invention does not limited to essential inclusion of a stabilizer for peroxide.
Now, more detailed description is described below.
Hydrophilic glass polymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP, K-15˜K-120), polyquaternium-11, polyquaternium-39, polyvinyl pyrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (PVP/VA copolymer) have a good compatibility with peroxide as well as a good solubility in water and ethanol. Accordingly, with using these polymers in the patch, the peroxide can be stabilized only by adjusting ratio of water to ethanol to be 9:1 to 0:10 without a stabilizer for peroxide. It is believed that the peroxide becomes compatible and thereby stabilized by formation of complex of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and peroxide via hydrogen bonding. In practice, PVP (Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone) is one of the preferred polymers used in the adhesive layer of the patch according to the present invention. Preferably, for a two-layer dry type patch of the present invention, the PVP has a relatively high molecular weight, preferably greater than about 500,000, more preferably greater than about 1,000,000. In a preferred embodiment, PVP having a molecular weight of 1,270,000 is used. Also, peroxides are found to be compatible with polymers having quaternary ammonium structure, such as polyquaternium.
According to the present invention, a mixture of water and ethanol is used as a solvent. Glass polymers, which are well compatible with peroxides typically, have so great hydrophilic property that they do not coat uniformly a surface of a release liner or other sheet. Using solvent mixture of water and ethanol can solve such problem so as to obtain a uniform sheet phase.
Therefore, the third aspect of the present invention relates a patch for tooth whitening comprising a peroxide as a tooth whitening agent, a glass polymer having a good compatibility with the peroxide, wherein the patch is stabilized at a high temperature by adjusting the ratio of water and ethanol without addition of a stabilizer for peroxide.
Also, the patch of the present invention further comprises a plasticizer to provide a sufficient flexibility for the patch. Suitable plasticizer includes propylene glycol, glycerin, and polyethylene glycol although it will vary depending on type of the polymer used and its composition.
Further, the present invention may include a polyphosphate as a whitening aid agent other than a peroxide as a main whitening agent in order to enhance a whitening effect.
For example, polyphosphate which can be used according to the present invention includes one or more selected from a group consisting of tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP), sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), sodium tripolyphosphate (STP), sodium potassium tripolyphosphate (SKTP), tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP), ultraphosphates such as acidic sodium metapolyphosphate and acidic sodium polyphosphate. In general, it is known that the polyphosphate may be used effectively as a tartar controller in toothpaste to inhibit a formation of tartar or to remove tartar. Also, the polyphosphate is known to contribute to enhancing a tooth whitening effect since it can effectively remove stains formed on a surface of teeth, specially those formed of metal such as iron, calcium, magnesium, etc. from foods or working circumstances. The polyphosphate may act as a chelating agent to the above metal. Therefore, it is also expected according to the present invention that the polyphosphate used along with peroxide may provide inhibition of tartar formation and removal of tartar for a lengthened period of time. In practice, it is observed that when attaching the patch according to the present invention to teeth, surface of teeth or gaps between teeth get cleaned.
Polymers which can be used in the backing layer of the matrix type patch in accordance with the present invention includes for example, polyvinyl acetate, ethyl cellulose, poly methyl methacrylate, methacrylic copolymer, such as methacryloyl ethyl betain/methacrylates copolymer, commercially available under trade name Yukaformer from Mitsubishi, methacrylic acid copolymer, such as Eudragit L 100, Eudragit L 12,5, Eudragit L 100-55, Eudragit L 30D-55, aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymers, such as Eudragit E 100, Eudragit E 12,5, Eudragit RL 100, Eudragit RL 30D), cellulose acetate phthalate, Shellac or mixtures thereof. In addition, enteric coating polymers, which are not dissolved at pH 6 to 8 in an oral cavity condition, may be used as polymers in the backing layer.
In accordance with the present invention, it is possible to use any plasticizer in the backing layer for the same reason in the adhesive layer. In this case, other than propylene glycol, glycerin, and polyethylene can be used depending on the used solvent used. For example, caster oil, hydrogenated caster oil may be included.
Further, in order to make teeth look more whitened visually, any white pigment may be used in the backing layer. For example, titanium dioxide, talc, hydroxy apatite, zinc oxide, etc. may be used alone or in any mixture thereof. When these pigments are not compatible with a whitening agent in the adhesive layer, the surface-treated titanium dioxide may be used. In addition, it is possible to employ pearl material or a pigment of various colors depending on individuality.
In accordance with the present invention, substances such as enzyme, particularly dextranase, glucose oxidase that cannot be used in the conventional toothpaste due to the stability with time may be used alone or in a mixture. It is also possible to add papain, which is known to have a tooth whitening effect. Further, when applying the present invention for treatment of oral disease, triclosan, chlorohexidin, vitamin E or its derivatives, in particular vitamin E acetate, oxidant, chlorophyll or its derivatives which is effective to inhibit bad breath or flavors may be added.
In accordance with the composition described below, patches of respective Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-5 are prepared. Abbreviations used below have following meanings.
After storing patches prepared to have composition as described above for one week at 40° C., the patches were measured for changes of surface condition. They are graded on the following criteria: O, increased in stickiness or discolored; X, neither increased in stickiness nor discolored.
As seen in Table 1, Examples wherein the hydrophilic glass polymers were used according to the present invention did not show increase in stickiness and changes of surface condition in initial state or after storing for one week at a temperature of 40° C. However, Comparative examples 1 and 5 wherein polyvinyl alcohol which is a hydrophilic glass polymer was used in the adhesive layer, and instead of a peroxide, ascorbic acid or a derivative thereof such as PEG-ascorbic acid was used as a whitening agent showed increase in stickiness and severe discoloration as time passed.
Tooth whitening effect of patches was measured according to the following method.
(1) Preparation of Stained Hydroxy Apatite (HAP) Tablet Specimen.
Hydroxy apatite powder was formed into a tablet by means of an IR press. The resulting tablet was sintered at a temperature of 1000° C., molded with epoxy resin and etched using a strong acid. Staining of the tablet specimen was effected by conducting a course wherein the specimen was dipped in TSB (trypticase soybroth) solution having tea, coffee, iron, mucin dissolved therein and dried. The course was repeated several times and continued for one week. After staining, the specimen was washed slightly with running water by a little brushing to remove light stains, which would be dissolved in or easily eliminated by water. Finally, the specimen was dried at room temperature.
Initial brightness values, L (100 indicates white and 0 indicates black) of respective specimens were measured by means of chroma meter. Patches for tooth whitening prepared in the above Preparation Examples and Comparative Examples were attached to moistened specimens. The specimens having patches attached thereto were stored in a thermohygrostat set at a temperature of 37° C. and a humidity of 95%. After a prescribed time, the patches were removed from specimens. The removed specimens were washed with running water by brushing and dried at room temperature. Each of specimens was measured for L value. Difference of L values between before and after attaching patches, ΔL was calculated for each patch. The results are shown in Table 2.
As seen in Table 2, patches comprising a peroxide as a whitening agent were superior in tooth whitening effect, compared to patches comprising a ascorbic acid or derivatives thereof. Also, it was noted that patches comprising a peroxide in combination with a polyphosphate or an addition compound of peroxide and a pyrophosphate as a tooth whitening agent exhibits much more improved tooth whitening effect, compared to patches comprising peroxide only.
The patches for tooth whitening prepared in accordance with the composition described in Preparation examples were evaluated for their stability at a 40° C. temperature with time according to the following methods.
A solvate mixture, which is capable of dissolving both, a backing layer and an adhesive layer of a patch, was taken in an Erlenmeyer flask. An appropriate amount of respective test patches weighed precisely, was put into the flask and dissolved completely in the solvate mixture. 5 ml of 6 N HCl was added to the flask and about 2 g of potassium iodide was then dissolved in the solvate. The flask was kept for 1 hour in a cold and dark place. Then, contents of peroxide in the respective patches were quantified by titration using 50 mM solution of sodium thiosulphate. The results are shown in Table 3.
As shown from the results of Examples 4 and 5 and Comparative Examples 2 and 3 in table 3, adding a stabilizer for peroxide effects favorably in the stability with time when other compositional components are same. However, in case of Example 3 and Comparative Example 10 which did not include a stabilizer for peroxide, since the used glass polymer and peroxide are well compatible with each other, the stability with time of peroxide at a high temperature could be good only by adjusting the ratio of water and ethanol in the adhesive layer during the producing process. Comparative Example 4 is to evaluate Crest Whitestrips, a novel wet type whitening agent produced by Procter and Gamble. It was observed that residual peroxide content in the patch was reduced rapidly after 4 weeks.
As apparent from the above description, the patch for tooth whitening according to the present invention has a superior tooth whitening effect. Further, the present patch is dry type using a hydrophilic glass polymer in an adhesive layer. Accordingly, only upon attaching the patch to teeth the glass polymer is hydrated to provide an adhesion while making the whitening agent released. Therefore, it is safe and efficient in using for a short time period. In addition, the patch of the present invention has a good stability of peroxide in the patch at a high temperature.
1. A dry type patch for tooth whitening comprising an adhesive layer on a backing layer, wherein the adhesive layer contains a peroxide as a tooth whitening agent and a peroxide-compatible hydrophilic glass polymer as a base polymer, whereby the adhesive layer has little or no adhesion strength in a dry state and provides a strong adhesion to teeth while releasing the tooth whitening agent when hydrated on the enamel layers of teeth.
2. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 1, wherein the peroxide is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide, calcium peroxide, sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate peroxidate, and combinations thereof.
3. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic glass polymer used in the adhesive layer is selected from the group consisting of polyalkylvinylether-maleic acid copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, Poloxamer 407, polyvinyl pyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, Polyquaterium-11, Polyquaterium-39, carbomer, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, gelatin, sodium alginate, and combinations thereof.
4. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 3, wherein the adhesive layer further comprises a stabilizer for peroxide selected from the group consisting of alkylaryl sulphonates, alkyl sulphates, alkyl carboxylates, alkyldiphenyloxide disulphonates, sorbitan stearate, Sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan trioleate, and mixtures thereof.
5. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 3, wherein the patch further comprises polyphosphate in order to enhance a teeth whitening effect.
6. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 5, wherein the polyphosphate is selected from the group consisting of tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium acid pyrophosphate, sodium hexametaphophate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium potassium tripolyphosphate, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, acidic sodium metapolyphosphate and combinations thereof.
7. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 3, wherein the backing layer comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate phthalate, Shellac, polyvinylacetate, ethyl cellulose, polymethylmethacrylate, methacryloylethyl betain/methacrylates copolymer, methacrylic acid copolymer, aminoalkylmethacrylate copolymers, and mixtures thereof.
8. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 7, wherein the backing layer further comprises a pigment selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, surface treated titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, hydroxy apatite, talc, pearl, a pigment of various colors, and mixtures thereof.
9. A dry type patch for tooth whitening comprising an adhesive layer on a backing layer, wherein the adhesive layer contains a peroxide as a tooth whitening agent and a hydrophilic glass polymer as a base polymer, the hydrophilic glass polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl pyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, Polyquaterium-11, Polyquaterium-39, and mixtures thereof, which has a good compatibility with the peroxide and, by adjusting the solvate ratio of water to ethanol solvents used to form the adhesive layer to be in the range of about 9:1 to 0:10, stability for peroxide with time is obtained without addition of a stabilizer for peroxide and the adhesive layer provides a strong adhesion to teeth while releasing the tooth whitening agent when hydrated on the enamel layers of teeth.
10. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 9, wherein the peroxide is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide, calcium peroxide, sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate peroxidate, and combinations thereof.
11. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 9, wherein the patch further comprises polyphosphate in order to enhance a teeth whitening effect.
12. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 11, wherein the polyphosphate is selected from the group consisting of tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium acid pyrophosphate, sodium hexametaphophate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium potassium tripolyphosphate, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, acidic sodium metapolyphosphate, and combinations thereof.
13. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 9, wherein the backing layer comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate phthalate, Shellac, polyvinylacetate, ethyl cellulose, polymethylmethacrylate, methacryloylethyl betain/methacrylates copolymer, methacrylic acid copolymer, aminoalkylmethacrylate copolymers, and mixtures thereof.
14. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 13, wherein the backing layer further comprises a pigment selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide, surface treated titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, hydroxy apatite, talc, pearl, a pigment of various colors, and mixtures thereof.
15. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 2, wherein the adhesive layer comprises polyvinyl pyrrolidone having a molecular weight greater than about 500,000.
16. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 15, wherein the adhesive layer further comprises a stabilizer for peroxide selected from the group consisting of alkylaryl sulphonates, alkyl sulphates, alkyl carboxylates, alkyldiphenyloxide disulphonates, sorbitan stearate, Sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan trioleate, and mixtures thereof.
17. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 15, wherein the patch further comprises polyphosphate in order to enhance a teeth whitening effect.
18. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 15, wherein the backing layer comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate phthalate, Shellac, polyvinylacetate, ethyl cellulose, polymethylmethacrylate, methacryloylethyl betain/methacrylates copolymer, methacrylic acid copolymer, aminoalkylmethacrylate copolymers, and mixtures thereof.
19. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 2, wherein the adhesive layer comprises polyvinyl pyrrolidone having a molecular weight greater than about 1,000,000.
20. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 2, wherein the adhesive layer comprises polyvinyl pyrrolidone having a molecular weight greater than about 1,270,000.
21. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 15, wherein the hydrophilic glass polymer in the adhesive layer consists essentially of polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
22. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 19, wherein the hydrophilic glass polymer in the adhesive layer consists essentially of polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
23. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 20, wherein the hydrophilic glass polymer in the adhesive layer consists essentially of polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
24. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 2, wherein the hydrophilic glass polymer in the adhesive layer consists essentially of polyvinyl alcohol.
25. The dry type patch for tooth whitening according to claim 2, wherein the hydrophilic glass polymer in the adhesive layer consists essentially of a mixture of polyvinyl pyrrolidine and polyvinyl alcohol.
US patent application No. 10/445,589 filed May 27, 2003 (and Preliminary Amendment) filed May 27, 2003 entitled Patches for Whitening Teeth; 41 pp.


text:
Q: Using decorators that are aware of `self`'s state In brief, I have a DataFormatter class that has two possible states: train or infer, that should act similarly to many of the sklearn libraries that have fit and transform functions: if mode is train I want to store in self.metadata a list of the function calls and args that were made, so that they can simply be reapplied verbatim and in order at infer time.
So minimally, I have:
import inspect

class DataFormatter:
    def __init__(self, mode, data=None):
        self.data = data
        self.metadata = []

    # The decorator function: broken, but something like--
    def meta(self, f, *args):
        def wrapper(*args):
            return f(*args)

        if self.mode == 'train':
            print('caching metadata')
            meta = {
                f.__name__: {
                    param: arg for param, arg in zip(
                        inspect.getfillargspec(f).args, args)}}
            self.metadata.append(meta)
        return wrapper

    @meta
    def drop(self, cols):
        self.data = self.data.drop(cols)

Then if I use:
formatter = DataFormatter('train', my_data)
formatter.drop(['col1', 'col5'])
print(formatter.metadata)

...I would like to get:
[{'drop': {'cols': ['col1', 'col5']}}]
I  have tried various permutations and placements of self, and pulling the decorator func outside the class altogether, but no luck so far.
@kindall says "You can't get self at decoration time because the decorator is applied at function definition time. No self exists yet; in fact, the class doesn't exist yet." (Possible to create a @synchronized decorator that's aware of a method's object?), so not even sure if this is possible...

A: What will  "see" a self is the decorated function - and it is represented by the function you call "wrapper":
import inspect

# The decorator function: should be out of the class body

def meta( f): ,
    def wrapper(self, *args):
        # call the decorated function:
        # (but you could run other code, including inspecting
        # and modifying arguments, here as well)
        result = f(self, *args)
        # now, your original method had run, and you have
        # access to self:
        if self.mode == 'train':
            print('caching metadata')
            meta = {
                f.__name__: {
                    param: arg for param, arg in zip(
                        inspect.getfillargspec(f).args, args)}}
            self.metadata.append(meta)
        return result
    return wrapper

class DataFormatter:
    def __init__(self, mode, data=None):
        self.data = data
        self.metadata = []

    @meta
    def drop(self, cols):
        self.data = self.data.drop(cols)

That will work.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Fady Joudah
Fady Joudah has published four collections of poems, The Earth in the Attic, Alight, Textu, a book-long sequence of short poems whose meter is based on cellphone character count; and, most recently, Footnotes in the Order of Disappearance. He has translated several collections of poetry from the Arabic and is the co-editor and co-founder of the Etel Adnan Poetry Prize. He was a winner of the Yale Series of Younger Poets competition in 2007 and has received a PEN award, a Banipal/Times Literary Supplement prize from the UK, the Griffin Poetry Prize, and a Guggenheim Fellowship. He lives in Houston, with his wife and kids, where he practices internal medicine.
Yale Younger Poets
Guggenheim Fellowship
PEN Translation Award
Banipal/Times Literary Supplement Prize
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Books by Fady Joudah
Footnotes in the Order of Disappearance
Love poems to the lovely and unlovely, the loved and unloved, finding tenderness for the other, the dead, and the disappeared. This is a collection that translates between the heart and the mind, the flesh and the more-than-flesh, the word body and the world body.
FADY JOUDAH AT SUNDAY KIND OF LOVE, 2016
FADY JOUDAH | DHAKA LIT FEST
CAVE CANEM PRESENTS: POETS ON CRAFT WITH ARACELIS GIRMAY, FADY JOUDAH, AND TONYA FOSTER
Deep Cuts—Rick Barot's The Galleons
Julian Randall – 10/25/2019
Happy October Milkweed fans and friends! I'd like to introduce the second blog series that I will be curating this...
Ada Limón at Writers Weekend
Augusta, GA — 01/25/2020
Augusta University welcomes Ada Limón ( The Carrying ) for a Craft Talk, "In Defense of Beauty," at Writers Weekend.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


wermgr.exe may be a dangerous program, according to an automatic analysis of the program's operation. This program triggers many of the "probable danger" flags detailed in this document. It is yet unknown if wermgr.exe is a virus or an ok program which doesn't cause harm the PC. Please be careful with this program.
The MD5 fingerprint for this executable is 8b4829318f9de0cc7a23f7e018e443a8.
This program runs in 32-bit mode. It can not exploit the entire set of features of modern computer chips. This is quite normal because the authors did not upgrade it to 64-bit code.
The description stored in the file is Windows Problem Reporting.
wermgr.exe appears to have a visible user interface. This is good because it doesn't run in some kind of invisible mode. Its activity is clearly displayed to the user.


text:
Words defeat me
It's easy to understand why Edmond Rostand's singular masterpiece has been translated and transformed around the planet in so many languages, formats and versions.
The hero, Cyrano De Bergerac, is—in many ways—the poster boy for the different amongst us. Physically, his larger-than-laugh-sized nose makes him an easy target of anyone who doesn't thank their lucky stars that an overt deformity (to most) didn't crop up in their gene pool. But the even greater challenge for this master of the blade, is dealing with his superior talent with words: a sense of poetic writing that ought to win him a legion of female admirers from amongst those who prefer wit and wisdom to just hunky looks.
In the world première of Kate Hennig's brand-new translation/adaptation of the 1897 original, prose has been chosen over poetry—no doubt appealing to a less-sophisticated 21st century audience—even if it somewhat cheapens the urtext, and seldom playing on rhymes (no matter how many feet!).
Tossing in a few present-day expressions (e.g., "as if") gets the hoped-for laughs, but adds nothing to the overall affect.
Director Chris Abraham is a lucky man indeed to have what almost feels like a Stratford/Shaw coproduction in terms of the first-rate cast he has assembled and the always excellent fight direction from John Stead (the early-on duel scene is a marvel of action, humour and storytelling: "That finally I hit", indeed!).
In the title role, Tom Rooney delivers one of the finest portrayals of his considerable career. Everyone in the room felt his anguish in unrequited love, shared his love of language and quietly cheered on his sacrifices for the affection he has truly earned, but bestowed on a much better-looking (to many) man.
Playing Roxane, Deborah Hay takes stage and readily commands it with customary wide-ranging emotions and the savvy knack of knowing when to pull back in order for others around her to soar. The final pas de deux with the expiring Cyrano is unforgettable.
Patrick Galligan redefines haughtiness as De Guiche yet manages to find just the right tone when stepping down from his lofty pedestal and feast with his troops prior to a near-hopeless battle.
With no thoughts of his own, gratefully employing Cyrano as his surrogate wordsmith, Jeff Irving's Christian hits all of the right notes in his awkwardness, innate beauty and devotion to duty. Sharry Flett makes for an all-seeing, worldly companion to Roxane with a sense of timing that many others can only hope to approach.
Abraham generally lets his cast go with their flow, but—marvellously aided and abetted by Julie Fox's brilliantly conceived sets ideally lit by Kimberly Purtell—has fashioned a production that is bound to be a hit either in Niagara-on-the-Lake or Stratford.
Everybody nose that! JWR
Playwright - Edmond Rostand
Director - Chris Abraham


text:
Cheshire Folk
Ryan Cook
Cheshire Folk Session - February 5, 2023 - 8:00 pm - 11:30 pm
Cheshire Folk Session - March 5, 2023 - 8:00 pm - 11:30 pm
Cheshire Folk Session - April 2, 2023 - 8:00 pm - 11:30 pm
Cheshire Folk Session - May 7, 2023 - 8:00 pm - 11:30 pm
Cheshire Folk Session - June 4, 2023 - 8:00 pm - 11:30 pm
Cheshire Folk Session - July 2, 2023 - 8:00 pm - 11:30 pm
Cheshire Folk Session - August 6, 2023 - 8:00 pm - 11:30 pm
Cheshire Folk Session - September 3, 2023 - 8:00 pm - 11:30 pm
Cheshire Folk Session - October 1, 2023 - 8:00 pm - 11:30 pm
Cheshire Folk Session - November 5, 2023 - 8:00 pm - 11:30 pm
Cheshire Folk Session - December 3, 2023 - 8:00 pm - 11:30 pm
Copyright © 2011–2023 Cheshire Folk/Liz Rosenfield-Boyle. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED | Powered by MediaTech Solutions


text:
Printer Friendly Français Site Map Contact Government
> Business Portal
Guide to Laws and Regulations for Franchised Business
The Franchises Act and Franchises Regulation
Effective October 1, 2012, the Franchises Act and the Franchises Regulation will come into force requiring franchisors to provide prospective franchisees with a disclosure document enabling franchisees to make informed decisions about entering into a franchise agreement. Rescission of a franchise agreement can be the serious outcome of failure to provide a disclosure document. The legislation also increases franchisee protection from unfair terminations, penalties for associating with other franchisees or other unfair treatment.
While the disclosure document requirement will apply to all new franchise agreements after the legislation comes into force, in some circumstances, franchisor disclosure document delivery will be required on existing franchise agreement renewal.
Act provisions relating to franchisee right to associate, fair dealing and court venue location will apply to all new and all existing franchisor-franchisee business relationships.
"franchise" means a right to engage in a business in which the franchisee is required by contract or otherwise to make a payment or continuing payments (whether direct or indirect) or a commitment to make that payment or those payments to the franchisor or the franchisor's associate in the course of operating the business or as a condition of acquiring the franchise or commencing operations, and
(a) in which
(i) the franchisor grants the franchisee the right to sell, offer for sale or distribute goods or services that are substantially associated with the franchisor's, or the franchisor's associate's, trademark, trade name, logo or advertising, and
(ii) the franchisor or the franchisor's associate exercises significant control over, or offers significant assistance in, the franchisee's method of operation under a business plan, including building design and furnishings, locations, business organization, marketing strategies or training; or
(b) in which
(i) the franchisor or the franchisor's associate grants the franchisee the representational or distribution rights -- whether or not a trademark, trade name, logo or advertising is involved -- to sell, offer for sale or distribute goods or services supplied by the franchisor or a supplier designated by the franchisor, and
(ii) the franchisor, the franchisor's associate or another person designated by the franchisor provides location assistance, including
(A) securing retail outlets or customer accounts for the goods or services to be distributed, offered for sale or sold, or
(B) securing locations or sites for vending machines, display racks or other product sales displays used by the franchisee;
and includes a master franchise and a subfranchise. (« franchise »)
Highlights of the Act and Regulation
For a copy of the Act, go to http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/_pdf.php?cap=F156. For a copy of the Regulation, go to http://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/regs/current/_pdf-regs.php?reg=29/2012. Following are highlights of the Act and Regulation. The Franchises Act and Regulation:
Require franchisors to provide prospective franchisees with a disclosure document enabling franchisees to make informed decisions about entering into a franchise agreement. The document would contain such information as names and backgrounds of the principals involved in the franchise, amount of the franchise fee, franchisee obligation to purchase goods or services from the franchisor, names and location of existing franchisees, and conditions of renewal or termination.
Require financial statements of the franchisor to be included in a disclosure document if the franchisor is not a mature franchisor satisfying all exemption criteria.
Require the disclosure document to be provided at least 14 days before the franchisee signs the franchise agreement or makes any payment other than a refundable deposit;
Allows the franchisor to take a refundable deposit from a prospective franchisee up to $100,000.
Give franchisees a right to rescind the agreement and recover any losses if a franchisor fails to provide the required information;
Give franchisees a right of action to recover losses caused by misrepresentation;
Give franchisees a right to associate with other franchisees and a right of action to recover damages if a franchisor imposes any penalties for associating;
Impose upon franchisors and franchisees a duty of fair dealing in performing and enforcing the franchise agreement. This duty would include a duty to act in good faith and in accordance with reasonable commercial standards; and
Give franchisors and franchisees a right of action for damages caused by a breach of the duty of fair dealing.
Require a venue within Manitoba if any dispute resolution is pursued through the courts.
For more information about the Franchises Act and Franchises Regulation, contact:
Manitoba Growth, Enterprise and Trade
Companies Office
Registration, Legal and Licensing
Taxes and Tax Incentives
Conduct Business Online
Human Resources for Employers
Investing in Manitoba
Operating a Business
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Below you will find a list of the pharmacies in Calimesa, CA. These 34 pharmacies are organized by their distance from Calimesa. The closest businesses to Calimesa are Walgreens Pharmacies on Calimesa Blvd (Calimesa) in the category Drug Stores, Star Drug Center Calimesa Shopping Center on Calimesa Blvd (Calimesa), Calimesa Pharmacy on Calimesa Blvd (Yucaipa) and Sail Discount Drug Centers on (Yucaipa) in the category Pharmacies and Sail Discount Drug Centers Pharmacy on California St (Yucaipa) in the category Greeting Cards Retail.


WASHINGTON, DC -- Bell Atlantic tomorrow [March 28] will file a complaint with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) against Cablevision Systems Corp. and its affiliate, Rainbow Programming Holdings, Inc., both based in Woodbury, N.Y., seeking access to Optimum Online sports programming, as well as damages to compensate Bell Atlantic for its losses and to deter Rainbow and Cablevision from violating the law.
Specifically, Bell Atlantic Video Services Company (BVS) alleges that Cablevision and Rainbow have refused to provide BVS with program rights to SportsChannel New York, SportsChannel Philadelphia and the PRISM sports programming service in Philadelphia. As a result, Bell Atlantic has been unable to distribute this regional sports programming in the Dover Township, N.J., market over Bell Atlantic's open video system.
Bell Atlantic Video Services has been seeking these program rights since it became the programmer of record for that market last November. BVS also notes that its predecessor, FutureVision, was unable to secure these rights from Rainbow despite repeated attempts to do so dating back to January 1996. FutureVision first began providing video service in Dover Township at that time.
"Consumers in local cable markets will have a real choice only if competitors can offer local sports programming," said William Morton, vice president and general manager-BVS, for the Dover Township operation.
"The laws and regulations couldn't be more clear; vertically integrated cable programmers like Cablevision and Rainbow must make their programming services available to their competitors on non-discriminatory terms," said Ed Young, vice president-external affairs and associate general counsel for Bell Atlantic. "Rainbow is deliberately and flagrantly flouting the law, and Bell Atlantic is now calling them to account."
Bell Atlantic Video Services became the programmer of record for Bell Atlantic's open video system in Dover Township, N.J., on Nov. 1, 1996, when it purchased certain FutureVision assets there. BVS now has about 3,000 subscribers on a system that passes more than 14,000 homes.
BVS now offers Dover Township more than 80 channels of programming comprised of local and distant broadcast signals, satellite programming and pay-per-view movies. Notably absent from the channel line-up is the Philadelphia and New York sports programming that is of keen interest to viewers in this community. The township sits on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, 90 miles south of New York City and 100 miles east of Philadelphia.
Bell Atlantic Video Services (BVS), incorporated in 1992, is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bell Atlantic Corporation.


Gant Laborde is the chief technology strategist at the New Orleans branch of Infinite Red, Inc. Born and raised in Greater New Orleans, he explains in this WhyNOLA Q&A why he felt drawn to return to his home city and do business in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.
NOLABA: What brought you back to New Orleans, and what keeps you here?
Laborde: Something that can't be expressed was missing. Upon returning, I found exactly what that was as I was surrounded by kindred spirits – people who came back to build bigger and better, others who care about their home, which is the soul of New Orleans. That's what calls me back and keeps me here.
NOLABA: Tell me about Infinite Red and why it opened in New Orleans?
Laborde: Infinite Red is based in San Francisco and Portland. They look for talented and notable individuals worldwide. The tech scene that's been growing recently in New Orleans has gathered attention from quite a few people. Louisiana now has the third-most hires for Infinite Red behind the two mother states where the company was formed.
NOLABA: How do you respond when you're asked Why NOLA?
Laborde: New Orleans has style. If you're simply looking to be told or ride on the the coattails of others, you're in the wrong city. If you know the beat of the drum in your heart, and you're looking for an eager, supportive and wise audience to make it shine, look no further. I've seen small shops rise to industry and Fortune 500s run scared. There's truth to be found in New Orleans, and for those of us looking for it, we love, we live, and we know WhyNOLA.
NOLABA: Why is New Orleans a good location for your business?
NOLABA: What do you love best about New Orleans in general?
Laborde: 100% the people, without whom we'd be nothing. Such a friendly, caring, and yet replete with attitude bunch we are. I love and defend the culture we brew.


Thursday 09 February 2017 by Sarah Knight 'Tis the season for love and romance. After the doom and gloom of January, February is a month for adventures, spending time doing the things you love with the people who matter – and the perfect time to squeeze in a little city break.
Paris is the quintessential city of love and there is a reason why this charming city is the focal point of many a rom-com and chick-flick. Paris seems to ooze romance – from the breath-taking views at the top of the Eiffel Tower to the quiet cafes and picturesque boulevards scattered across the city.
Whether you're looking for a peaceful getaway, dream of shopping in the designer boutiques or love to explore the city's main landmarks, Paris truly offers something for everyone and is the ultimate city break this Valentine's Day.
Climb to the top of the Eiffel Tower – Level One might seem like a "walk" but to get to the top of this landmark those 1,665 steps are definitely more of a climb. Allow an hour or so to get to the top comfortably and beat the crowds by heading up first thing in the morning. What a way to start the day!
Stroll around the Louvre – the world's largest museum, it's sure to take at least a few hours to see the infamous highlights, including Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" and Michelangelo's "Slaves". The exterior of the building itself is a sight to behold, with an iconic glass pyramid and views over the River Seine. Love and passion have gone into all of the art on show.
Visit the Notre-Dame Cathedral – the first stone of this outstanding feat of architecture was originally laid in 1163 in the presence of Pop Alexander III. Work continued on the cathedral in various stages, including the clean up of the Western façade in 2000. The cathedral has a romantic, tranquil atmosphere and is a lovely place to appreciate the intricate work and painstaking renovations that have created such a beautiful structure.
Walk across Pont Alexandre III – considered by many to be the best bridge in Paris. The lovely structure connects the Champs-Elysees quarter with Invalides and the Eiffel Tower – and is the most ornate and extravagant bridge in the city. The perfect place for an evening amble after a romantic meal.
Hideout on the Ile Saint-Louis – a quaint natural island on the Seine river. It can be best described as "an oasis of calm" in the centre of the city – with narrow one-way streets and mostly residential properties, interspersed with a few restaurants, hotels and a large church.
Fulgurances – an unusual concept that has had unprecedented success, this restaurant is run by promising sous-chefs who are looking to gain experience and make their mark on innovative dishes before opening their own restaurants. Fulgurances sees a new Head Chef every six months – so the menu is always changing and new dishes constantly created.
David Toutain – a fine dining experience without the stuffy atmosphere, the restaurant has been popular since 2013 and its varied menu makes the most of fresh, straightforward ingredients.
Hank Pizza – completely vegan and affordable, this pizzeria is cosy and comfortable and the pizzas are to die for. Hank's own sauces and creamy toppings make up for the lack of cheese and the desserts are the ultimate way to end your 100% vegan feast.
We offer more than 33 properties in Paris across a variety of locations, but when it comes to romance is there a backdrop more memorable than the Eiffel Tower? Citadines Tour Eiffel Paris offers stylish Parisian apartments that quite literally overlook this world-famous landmark.
A stone's throw from the hustle and bustle of the city's open air markets, cafes and the Motte-Picquet-Grenelle Metro, these studio and one bedroom apartments are the perfect base from which to explore the city and take in the highlights – not matter how long (or short) your visit.
Tempted to take your loved one to Paris?


I love coloring my hair. In high school, I dyed it pink, and for the next eight years, my hair was a slideshow of orange, yellow (not blonde), blue, purple and the occasional green when a dye job went wrong.
After a while, I got into the habit of coloring my hair a sort of purple-red in the winter, deep red in the fall and spring, and blonde in the summer. Eventually I just went back to my natural color – dark brown – since the upkeep was too much (this was before ombré hair was cool).
I normally use L'Oreal or Clairol hair dye, which simply means combining two ingredients in a bottle, shaking it and then applying the mixture to my hair. The pack also comes with an after-care solution which I use instead of conditioner.
The foam hair pack includes gloves and a water base, which you shake and then pour into the provided plastic cup. The instructions are super specific and mention shaking the water base 20 times before pouring into the cup. Then I opened the cream, poured it in, patted it down (is that really necessary?) and stirred with the provided spoon about 25 times until the mixture foamed up to the top line.
It looked weird! I was beginning to regret this.
I scooped up the foam and applied it from the roots to the tips of my hair. Or at least I tried to do that. Foam is pretty mobile and now my bathroom was a hot mess. I was also trying to hurry since the directions say to apply as soon as the foam rises to the top of the cup. Even though I stirred it, there were still large chunks of cream in the mixture, but it smoothed out when and if it got onto my hair. Eventually I got my whole head of shoulder-length hair covered, and it was time to wait.
I usually leave my L'Oreal on for 45 minutes – maybe longer if I'm doing something else. The Palty instructions say 20 minutes. I was starting to get nervous since I didn't like the look or feel of it at all. After 15 minutes, my scalp started itching. At 20 minutes, I turned on the shower and started rinsing.
The water started running clear in less than a minute, which I thought was odd. As per the instructions, I shampooed twice (my hair was a gnarled mess), conditioned once and finished up with the after-care solution (which did leave my hair smooth and silky). It felt like this process would never end!
I don't know if it's because I didn't leave it on long enough or layer it on thick enough, or maybe my hair's too damaged, but my new color is a medium brown with the slightest red tint. No good! There's no trace of that bright red promise on the box, except in my sink. I'll be sticking with my L'Oreal from now on.
Maureen is an editor at YesStyle.com. When not traveling, she's planning her next adventure and putting off packing as long as possible. Her love of exploring has led her all over the world and helped her realize that a streamlined suitcase makes a happy traveler.


Good morning to one and all. It's another of those wonderful days when we all buzz round the world dropping in on our blogging friends who have exposed all to share their space with others. Our wonderful leader Julia is still doing a brilliant job of linking us all together so I thank her for that. Before you pop over to Julia's please leave me a 'hello' in the comment box and I will do my best to pop over to as many of you as possible to check out your spaces.
As promised yesterday this is what is now on my desk today thanks to an industrial weekend and a very busy Funday Monday. The lovely Jo from Jozart sent me several fabric panels to make up for my new grandchildren and I have been preparing them all...the ABC bags have 26 little pockets for 26 little toys to fit in and each has two sides to cut out, the Noah's Ark has lots of pairs of little animals to make too so it's taken quite a while to get this far [I need 4 x16"zips, lining fabrics, wadding, some 1/2" foam and some stuffing to complete them so will get to work on these soon]. I have also now nearly finished making one of the new Advent calendars that I bought on Saturday...it just needs wadding, backing and hanging loops.
This is the latest little knittie I have finished...it just needs a button. Isn't it pretty wool? It's a Sirdar Snuggly Baby Crofter wool and I love the Fair Isle effect it gives.
This is a new top I made this week and a little pic of the machine embroidery detail on the front....of course you will have seen that I have now bought 3 more pieces of fabric to make some more in my spare time.
This is my 'to do' rail today so I will have to clear this before I can enjoy catching up with you all but I will get there as soon as I can. Hope you all have a really great week.
You have been busy! I am in awe of the top you made, sewing clothes has always been a bit of a bugbear for me :( I love that Sirdar wool you've used, looks like Fairisle without all the hard work and charts, lol!!
I am not sure what happened this week but I have missed so many of your wonderful posts. Your baby pumpkin is soooo cute as is Lexi in the washing.
You really are a prolific sewer...not sure if thats the right spelling as it looks wrong ... makes me think of drains lol. I really cant blame you for buying so much material ....at least you use it up....I am as bad with paper.
I really don't know how you manage to get so many project done... I am in AWE!
Beautiful top you made for yourself. About time you made yourself something, you've been working so hard sewing and knitting for everyone else!
I've said it before Annie - you know I can just about sew, but alterations and repairs make me fearful - and the worst of them is jeans...your to do rail does not look good at all!!
I love the way you say 'it just needs...' and then list a day's work to finish something. Eternally optimistic you!
wowee - I'm starting to think you don't need sleep as it's always full on makes here...great sewing and designs on show again and the blue dresses are very cheery!
So many things to do. I do like that top and am in awe of that embroidery detail. I do not have enough patience these days for that kind of thing, sadly.
I'm in total admiration for the amount you get done ! I bet your newly made top looks lovely on.
I swear there must be at least three of you sometimes, I have no idea how you fit it all in! Had a big awww moment at Lexi in the washing basket!!
What a pretty top you made!
Lovely advent calendar. Was that part of a fabric swop?
Spare time? You don't have any spare time. You are such a busy bee. Love all your makes. About to try and make 2 advent calendars myself this year. Set myself a deadline to get them done by. Love to saee yours when comp,eted. Hugs Mrs A.
Such a pretty little knittie. Those advent calendars look like they will be brilliant when done too.
oh my...you have been so busy! I made my first pieced quilt a few years ago...a lot of work. Need to make another one for Grandson #2 now! Great show this week!
I don't know where on earth (or in cyber space) my message went because I did comment on this post last week. I never expected you to crack on with the panels I sent so soon as you've already so much on!
Love the little cardigan and the yarn is amazing, very effective... .must look out for it.
I love the new top you made for yourself... good to see you using your talents and skills for YOU for a change.
As I said to Twiglet, those basic dresses are becoming far from basic! There'll be lots of smiles when they are received. So worthwhile!
Buttons in hand BTW! May take me a while to get to the PO though.


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Q: Google Drive Rest API : How to get all Modifying Users of a specific Revision I want to get the list of all modifying users of a Specific revision. Because I want track changes made by each user to a specific file/revision.
Currently the api provides only the lastModifyingUser. But in the UI it shows the details of a revision under the show revision history

*

*Is it possible to get all modifying users of a specific revision?

*OR is there any way I can track every changes made by any users in a specific file/revision?

Thanks

A: I will assume that you are talking about Google documents (Docs and Sheets).  As far as I know, there is no API that will provide you with the revision history of a Google Docs or Sheets file.

A: Unfortunate the Drive API currently doesn't provide that level of detail, as shown in the UI. Please file a feature request so we can track that request.
A partial solution is to use the Apps Activity API. It provides more fine-grained information on which users edited a document, but unfortunately there is no easy way to correlate those activities to revisions.


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When creating batches to be invoked by a scheduler, it is very important to correctly manage the JVM exit codes.
By convention, the JVM ends with an exit code equal to zero if there were no problems, otherwise with an exit code greater than zero.
In this way if the batch is not terminated correctly, interpreting the exit code, the scheduler can for example inform the application manager via email, or adopt strategies to relaunch or recover the batch itself, or terminate a job box.
If you use Spring Boot to start a Spring Batch-based batch, the JVM always ends with an exit code of zero, even in the case of runtime exceptions. In order to correctly manage the JVM exit codes, it is necessary to intervene by means of an ExitCodeGenerator.


The Social Security Administration (SSA) evaluates your residual functional capacity (RFC) when determining if you are disabled enough to qualify for Social Security Disability benefits.
According to the Social Security Administration, residual functional capacity is determined by an individual's ability to gain an income, complete everyday tasks and his/her capacity to function in society. This information is provided by the disability-seeker through the completion of residual functional capacity forms.
The Social Security Administration uses residual functional capacity guidelines to define an individual's work capability in the following categories: sedentary, light, medium and heavy work.
According to federal guidelines, impairments that may impede an individual's ability to work include: paralysis, intellectual disabilities, arthritis, heart disease, multiple sclerosis, orthopedic impairment, blindness, cerebral palsy and mental disorders. Typically, residual functional capacity is determined not only by certain disabling medical conditions, but also by how a condition affects an individual's ability to move, stand, walk, hold objects and reach overhead.
In the age group of 18 to 49, the maximum residual functional capacity allowed to receive full Social Security disability benefits is "less than sedentary", while above age 50, qualifications may increase to sedentary, light or medium.
A residential functional capacity form is often completed by a claimants doctor and is reviewed by the SSA to determine if an individual qualifies for disability benefits.


text:
Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis är en fästingart som beskrevs av Teng 1980. Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis ingår i släktet Haemaphysalis och familjen hårda fästingar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Hårda fästingar
qinghaiensis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


With the advent of energy-efficient appliances, energy consumption in some parts of the world has already been reduced at the very least.
This means, a consumer can recover the cost of this energy-efficient ceiling fan in less than 2 years.
India, June 23 -- The operating cost of the energy-efficient motors is much lesser as compared to the standard motors due to the low energy cost and minimum carbon dioxide emission.
An expert in the field, Paul Vrabel, director of the energy-efficient products group at Riverside, N J-based Sea Gull Lighting (www.
In 1992, EPA and DOE introduced ENERGY STAR as a voluntary labeling program designed to identify and promote energy-efficient products to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
She wanted the house to incorporate a variety of energy-efficient design principles and sustainable building practices.
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