text:
The Free Library > General Interest/Informational > Zoology and wildlife conservation > Journal of Shellfish Research > April 1, 2006
The Free Library > Science and Technology > Biological sciences > Journal of Shellfish Research > April 1, 2006
The Free Library > Date > 2006 > April > 1 > Journal of Shellfish Research
Application of an egg production index to determine reproductive period of the brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus californiensis near Agiabampo, Sonora-Sinaloa, Mexico.
<a href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Application+of+an+egg+production+index+to+determine+reproductive...-a0146498518
MLA style: "Application of an egg production index to determine reproductive period of the brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus californiensis near Agiabampo, Sonora-Sinaloa, Mexico.." The Free Library. 2006 National Shellfisheries Association, Inc. 18 Jan. 2021 https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Application+of+an+egg+production+index+to+determine+reproductive...-a0146498518
Chicago style: The Free Library. S.v. Application of an egg production index to determine reproductive period of the brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus californiensis near Agiabampo, Sonora-Sinaloa, Mexico.." Retrieved Jan 18 2021 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Application+of+an+egg+production+index+to+determine+reproductive...-a0146498518
APA style: Application of an egg production index to determine reproductive period of the brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus californiensis near Agiabampo, Sonora-Sinaloa, Mexico.. (n.d.) >The Free Library. (2014). Retrieved Jan 18 2021 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Application+of+an+egg+production+index+to+determine+reproductive...-a0146498518
ABSTRACT Using the percentage of mature females as an index, the reproductive period of the brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus californiensis, off the coast of Sonora in Mexico, has been shown to occur throughout the year with two peaks of mass spawning. The objective of this study is to determine if a similar reproductive period occurred off Agiabampo, at the Sonora-Sinaloa border. By combining 3 indices of mature females: size structure, abundance and fecundity at size, a single egg production index (EPI) was calculated. Monthly samples from January through December 2002 were collected during 5 continuous days around the full moon (full moon [+ or -] 2 days). Trawl net tows were used at depths from 1-9 m, 2 km north and south of the mouth of a coastal lagoon. Using the EPI, a single reproductive peak, May to August, was found, with May as the most important egg production mouth. On the other hand, the percentage of mature females showed a two peak reproductive period, one more intensive from May to August and the second one less intensive in November. We concluded that the best determination of the reproductive period of the brown shrimp required the use of three indices. Particularly off Agiabampo, this species has a well-defined reproductive period with just one massive spawning peak.
KEY WORDS: reproductive cycle, egg production index, shrimp, Farfantepenaeus californiensis, Gulf of California, Agiabampo
Most studies about reproductive patterns in shrimp are based on the percentage of mature females (Mathews 1981, Lopez-Martinez et al. 1999, Lopez-Martinez et al. 2005, Leal-Gaxiola et al. 2001). This is a biased index of population reproduction and must be combined with an index of mature female abundance and fecundity-at-size data (Garcia 1985). If one wants to find the most important period for population renewal, the studies of the reproductive biology of shrimp must take into account more than just reproductive percentage of mature females. Among others indices that have been considered for this target, we found a gonadal index, egg production for the population (Oh & Hartnoll 1999).
Reproductive studies of brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus californiensis (Holmes, 1900) are few (Olguin-Palacios 1968, Edwards 1978, Mathews 1981, Barreiro-Guemez 1986, Mendez-Tenorio 1986, Garduno-Argueta & Calderon-Perez 1994, Leal-Gaxiola et al. 2001, Aragon Noriega & Alcantara Razo 2005). Using only the percentage of mature females, the reproductive period of brown shrimp was determined as continuous throughout the year with two peaks of massive spawning. In these reproductive studies, 2 main sources of data have been used: daily packing-plant sampling from commercial catches (September to May) off Sonora, (Leal-Gaxiola et al. 2001) and data from research cruises that evaluated shrimp populations off Sinaloa (Barreiro-Guemez 1986, Garduno-Argueta & Calderon-Perez 1994). Sinaloa and Sonora comprise the eastern coast of the Gulf of California (Fig. 1).
[FIGURE 1 OMITTED]
The daily packing-plant data did not include all months of the year, but comprised a long data series (Leal-Gaxiola et al. 2001), and for this reason many reproductive studies were based on these data. A disadvantage of this data is that abundance could not be evaluated but only percentage of mature females. On board sampling commercial trawl vessel are scarce, and temporally sporadic (Aragon Noriega & Alcantara Razo 2005). The advantage of onboard sampling is that an evaluation of abundance of mature female shrimp can be made.
Fecundity of brown shrimp has been described with a power equation with a value around 3 (F = 0.0962 [L.sup.2.9642], Mathews 1981). The quantity of eggs spawned by ripe females increased because of the increasing size of mature females (Mathews 1981).
Although the fecundity and reproductive pattern of brown shrimp off Sinaloa and Sonora have been determined, fecundity-at-size, abundance and size structure of mature females have not been combined in previous studies. The application of egg production index (EPI) in penaeid shrimp was proposed by Courtney & Masel (1997). They found that this index is a more quantitative measure of egg production in a population at a particular sampling station or sampling time. Aragon-Noriega (2005) used an EPI calculated from size structure, fecundity-at-size, and abundance of mature females to determine the maturity period of blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris (Stimpson, 1874) in central Gulf of California.
Studies on reproduction of exploited species are critical not only for fisheries managers, but they also have a general scientific interest because spawning is the basis of population renewal and conservation of the stocks. With this in mind, we should look for more precise methods that can help to determine the maturity period of species with economical or ecological importance.
The objective of this study is to determine the reproductive period of brown shrimp off Agiabampo, at the Sonora-Sinaloa state border, by combining the fecundity-at-size, abundance and size structure of mature females indices into a single index, EPI.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The Estero de Agiabampo (26.3[degrees]N, 109.3[degrees]W, Fig. 1) is a relatively long and narrow barrier lagoon created by sediment deposition of longshore currents. The broad region has a subtropical desert (BWh) climate (Garci 1988) and the sea surface temperature averages 30.4[degrees]C in July and 19.5[degrees]C in January.
From January to December 2002, shrimp samples were taken each month for five continuous days (full moon [+ or -]2 days). Collection was done with small boats, about 7 m long. We used trawl nets with a 15-m mouth and 32-mm mesh. Tows were made every 1.5 h at flood and ebb tides. This was done at depths from 1-9 m at locations ranging up to 2 km north and south of the mouth of the coastal lagoon (Fig. 1).
Sex, gonad maturity, total length (tip of the rostrum to tip of the telson) [+ or -]1 mm and abdominal length of the samples was determined. Degree of gonad maturity was determined with the morphochromatic scale, comprising four stages (Leal-Gaxiola et al. 2001). For this study the specimens were grouped into immature (Stages I and II) and mature (Stages III and IV) categories.
Abundance of mature females was determined as specimens per hectare. This was done using a sweeping area described in Sparre & Venema (1995). Satellite geo-positioning devices locate the beginning and ending position of each trawl. The total of mature females was divided by the calculated area (in hectares). Fecundity-at-size was determined by the equations mentioned in Mathews (1981).
Egg production index (EPI), similar to one proposed by Aragon-Noriega (2005) was determined by combining size structure, fecundity-at-size and abundance of mature females. The EPI is formed as follows:
EPI = [n.summation overi=1] F(P[L.sub.ci]a)
where: EPI is the egg production index, i is the ith size class, F is fecundity at size, [L.sub.ci] is the mean value of length of class i, P is proportion of class i in a particular month, and a is the abundance of mature female in particular month.
A total of 5,780 specimens of all stages were collected (3,723 females and 2,057 males), yielding a female:male ratio of close to 2:1. However, for mature specimens, the ratio was 3:4, female: male ratio.
Period of Sexual Maturity
The percentage of mature males was more than 50% during the complete sampling period (Fig. 2). We found one period (May to August) in which the percentage of mature females was near or greater than 40% (Fig. 2). The other months in which mature females appeared were November (17%), April (10%) and February (1%).
Monthly abundance of mature females determined by the sweeping area method were as follows: April, 29 females [ha.sup.-1]; May, 176 females [ha.sup.-1]; June, 97 females, [ha.sup.-1]; July, 82 females [ha.sup.-1]; August, 58 females [ha.sup.-1] and November, 5 females [ha.sup.-1] (Fig. 3). These results show that spring and summer is the most important reproductive period for brown shrimp, using abundance and percentage of mature females.
Frequency of Sizes
Total length of mature males ranged from 90-160 mm, averaging 123 [+ or -] 1 mm and a 10% coefficient of variation. Total length of mature females for the entire study period was 110-190 mm, averaging 151 [+ or -] 1 mm with an 8% coefficient of variation. Male and female sizes were significantly different ([F.sub.(1,3100)] : 3255, P < 0.05). Frequency of total length groups for May to August is shown in Figure 4. The modal size group was 44% greater than 165 mm in May. For June, July and August the percentage of specimens in the modal size group was 24%, 12% and 15%, respectively. Average total length of mature females was significantly greater in May ([F.sub.(3, 1428)] = 47.96, P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in June, July and August (Fig. 5).
[FIGURES 4-5 OMITTED]
Eggs Production
The EPI in eggs x [ha.sup.-1] did not match with months of higher percentage of mature females. EPI indicates that May is the most important month of potential egg production, followed by a clear negative tendency of EPI (Fig. 6). In May more than 60 million eggs x [ha.sup.-1] was the potential production on average. From June to August the average of potential eggs x [ha.sup.-1] were not more than 30 million. These results highlight the importance of using more than a single index to determine reproductive period for brown shrimp.
The reproductive period of brown shrimp F. californiensis off the coast of the Estero de Agiabampo is well defined as late spring to early summer, as quantified by using EPI. Leal-Gaxiola et al. (2001) found the reproductive period off southern Sonora as continuous during the year with two peaks of massive reproduction. However, those authors did not include data from June to September. For this reason their results are not adequate to determine the reproductive season for brown shrimp in that zone. The study of Leal-Gaxiola et al. (2001) could be easily combined with those of Mendez-Tenorio (1986) because this author sampled from June to January in the same zone and in the same years. Data from that study show an increasing percentage of mature females from June to August and decreasing percentage of mature females from August to January. The combination of data from the two studies yield a result similar to our findings. Leal-Gaxiola et al. (2001) found the times when the percentage of mature females was increasing and decreasing, but they erroneously concluded there were two periods of mass reproduction.
We found a single period of high rates of reproduction by using the percentage of mature females, similar to results found off Guaymas by Mathews (1981). He found mature females from February to November but a higher percentage from May to August. The reproduction period of brown shrimp reported off Mazatl fin, Sinaloa is either continuous, with two periods of higher intensity (Garduno-Argueta & Calderon-Perez 1994) or bimodal with a greater peak reproductive activity from March to May and a lower peak in October and November (Barreiro-Guemez 1986). Garcia (1985) reviewed various types of spawning seasonal patterns of many shrimp species from around the world. He concluded that in spite of the shortcomings of the method (percentage of mature female) used for quantifying spawning activity, it seems that a bimodal pattern is most frequent. The main shortcoming of the percentage of mature female method is that overall population abundance of mature female is not taken into account but only a relative percentage of an unknown number per area (e.g., [km.sup.-2], ha or other measurement).
Garcia (1985) also concluded that reproductive behavior of shrimp species respond to transition periods of temperature. In the Gulf of California well-defined periods of transition in temperature occurs from spring to summer and from fall to winter (Aragon-Noriega & Alcantara-Razo 2005). So, conclusion that brown shrimp display a double peaked spawning pattern where accepted mentioned that the reproductive period (determined by the percentage of mature brown shrimp females) in the Gulf of California depends on the SST.
Because the percentage of mature females is a biased index of population reproduction (Garcia 1985), we combined 3 indices: abundance, fecundity and size structure of the mature female brown shrimp, representing the first published index for this species. The only other study of EPI application was conducted on L. stylirostris (Aragon-Noriega 2005). In May we found 44% of the mature females over 161 mm TL. From the fecundity-at-size pro posed by Barreiro-Guemez (1986), 44% of the females could be spawning 800,000 or more eggs. Though the higher percentage of mature females was collected in July, we propose that May is the most important month for the reproductive period of brown shrimp off Agiabampo, because the highest EPI was found this month.
The percentage of mature females in November suggests a second, less intensive spawning period, but EPI showed that only a 1-million eggs x [ha.sup.-1] was the potential production, on average, in that month.
To determine the actual maturity period of any species we should take into account all shortcomings of the available methods. A problem for an exploited species is the specimens that remain unaccounted for after the fishery season. For the case of the brown shrimp near Agiabampo we surmise that if the reproductive behavior of this species responds to transition periods of temperature (Garcia 1985) the abundance of mature female remaining after the trawl fishery is too low to be considered as a two-peaked pattern species. The use of EPI could help to redefine the actual maturity period for those two groups of penaeid shrimp, even if the second period of spawning for browns has been greatly diminished by fisheries activities.
This study clearly shows that results from one area cannot be extrapolated to other areas of the Gulf of California. Also, we found that current commercial catch data are not adequate for determining the reproductive pattern of brown shrimp. We agree with the proposal of Garcia (1985) to use at least two other indices, and not just the percentage of the mature females in samples. We conclude that the appropriate combination of indices include size structure of mature females, abundance of mature females and fecundity-at-size to determine the reproductive period of brown shrimp. Specifically, those three indices for the brown shrimp off Agiabampo show a single maturation period from May to August.
This study was supported by contract 908-1G of the National Fisheries Institute (INP) and CIBNOR. The National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico granted a fellowship to the first author (CONACYT 111763) and IPN "DICTAMEN 209."
Aragon-Noriega, E. A. 2005. Reproductive output of the blue shrimp, Litopenaeus stylirostris (Decapoda: Penaeidae) in the Gulf of California coast at Agiabampo, Sonora-Sinaloa, Mdxico. J. Shellfish Res. 24(2):597-601.
Aragon-Noriega, E. A. & E. Alcantara-Razo. 2005. Influence of sea surface temperature on reproductive period and size at maturity of the brown shrimp (Farfantepenaeus californiensis) in the Gulf of California. Mar. Biol. 146(2):373-379.
Barreiro-Guemez, M. T. 1986. Estudio sobre la madurez y desove de Penaeus californiensis y Penaeus vannamei (Crustacea Decapoda, Penaidae) en la costa sur de Sinaloa. Memorias del Primer Intercambio academico sobre investigaciones del Mar de Cortes. Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, pp. 1-30.
Courtney, A. J. & J. M. Masel. 1997. Spawning stock dynamics of two penaeid prawns, Metapenaeus bennettae and Penaeus esculentus, in Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 148:37-47.
Edwards, R. R. C. 1978. The fishery and fisheries biology of the penaeid shrimp on the Pacific Coast of Mexico. Oeanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 16:145-180.
Garcia, E. 1988. Modificacion al sistema de clasificacion climatica de Koppen para adaptarlo a las condiciones de la Republica Mexicana. Offset Larios. Mexico, 222 pp.
Garcia, S. 1985. Reproduction, stock assessment models and population parameters in exploited Penaeid shrimp populations. In: P. C. B. Rothlisberg, J. Hill & D. J. Staples, editors. Second Australian National Prawn Seminar, NOS2. Cleveland, Australia. pp 139-158.
Garduno-Argueta, H. & J. A. Calderon-Perez. 1994. Abundancia y maduracion sexual de hembras de camaron (Penaeus spp) en la costa sur de Sinaloa, Mexico. Rev. Inv. Cient. Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur. Serie Ciencias Marinas 1:27 34.
Leal-Gaxiola, A., J. Lopez-Martinez, E. A. Chavez, S. Hernandez-Vazquez & F. Mendez-Tenorio. 2001. Interannual variability of reproductive period of the brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus californiensis (Holmes, 1900) (Decapoda, Natantia). Crustaceana 74(9):839-851.
Lopez-Martinez, J., F. Garcia-Dominguez, E. Alcantara-Razo & E. A. Chavez. 1999. Periodo reproductivo y talla de madurez masiva del camaron de roca Sicyonia penicillata (Decapada: Sicyoniidae) en Bahia Kino, Sonora, Mexico. Rev. Biol. Trop. 47(1-2):109-117.
Lopez-Martinez, J., C. Rabago-Quiroz, M. O. Nevarez-Martinez, A. R. Garcia-Juarez, G. Rivera Parra & J. Chavez Villalba. 2005. Growth, reproduction and size at first maturity of blue shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris (Stimpson, 1874) along the east coast of the Gulf of California, Mexico. Fish. Res. 71:93-102.
Mathews, C. P. 1981. A review of the North American penaeid fisheries, with particular reference to Mexico. Kuwait Bull. Mar. Sci. 2:325-409.
Mendez-Tenorio, F. J. 1986. Aspectos relativos a la madurez gonadica en camaron de altamar en las costas de Sonora y Baja California. Memorias del Primer Intercambio academico sobre investigaciones del Mar de Cortes. Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, pp. 230-244.
Oh, C. W. & R. G. Hartnoll. 1999. Size at sexual maturity, reproductive output, and seasonal reproduction of Philocheras trispinosus (Decapoda) in Port Erin Bay. Isle of Man. J. Crustacean Biol. 19(2):252-259.
Olguin-Palacios, M. 1968. Estudio de la biologia del camaron cafe Penaeus californiensis Holmes. FAO Fish. Rep. 57(2):331-356.
Sparre, P. & S. C. Venema. 1995. Introduccion a la evaluacion de recursos pesqueros tropicales. Parte 1. Manual. FAO Documento Tecnico de Pesca No. 306. 1st. Rev. 440 pp.
WENCESLAO VALENZUELA-QUINONEZ, (1,2) * EUGENIO ALBERTO ARAGON-NORIEGA (1), DULCE PATRICIA ALVARADO-ROMERO, (1) CESAR AUGUSTO SALINAS-ZAVALA (3) AND ALMA ROSA GARCIA-JUAREZ (1,4)
(1) Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Unidad Sonora, Apdo. Postal 349, Guaymas, Sonora 85400 Mexico; (2) Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigacion para el Desarrollo Integral Regional-IPN, Guasave, Sinaloa Km 1.0 Carretera a Las Glorias, Mexico 81101; (3) Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Unidad La Paz, Mar Bermejo No. 195 Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090 Mexico; (4) Centro Regional de Investigacion Pesquera de Guaymas, Instituto Nacional de Pesca (INP), Calle 20 No. 605 Sur, Col. Cantera, Guaymas, Sonora 85400, Mexico
* Corresponding author. E-mail: wvalenzuela@cibnor.mx
COPYRIGHT 2006 National Shellfisheries Association, Inc.
Copyright 2006, Gale Group. All rights reserved. Gale Group is a Thomson Corporation Company.
Garcia-Juarez, Alma Rosa
Influence of feeding on hepatopancreas structure and digestive enzyme activities in Penaeus monodon.
Comparison of domoic acid concentration in king scallops, Pecten maximus from seabed and suspended culture systems.
Reproduction (Biology)
Marine and Atmospheric Sciences.
Effect of dietary ascorbic acid levels on reproductive performance of shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (boone), broodstock.
Reproduction of the lion's paw scallop Nodipecten subnodosus sowerby, 1835 (bivalvia: pectinidae) from Laguna Ojo de Liebre, B.C.S., Mexico.
Reproductive output of the blue shrimp, Litopenaeus stylirostris (Decapoda: Penaeidae) in the Gulf of California coast at Agiabampo, Sonora-Sinalao,...
Development of a Saxidomus purpuratus (mollusca: bivalvia) egg-specific antibody for the quantification of eggs using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent...
Ultrastructure of spermatogenesis in the white clam Chione californiensis (Broderip, 1835) (Mollusca: Pelecypoda).
Effect of different levels of dietary [alpha]-tocopherol on ovarian maturation and reproductive performance of broodstock Litopenaeus vannamei...
Reproductive pattern of the squalid callista Megapitaria squalida from Northwestern Mexico.


I was searching for a Property and found this listing (MLS® #1882746). Please send me more information regarding 1706 E 127 Terrace, Kansas City, Missouri, 64145. Thank you!
I'd like to request a showing of 1706 E 127 Terrace, Kansas City, Missouri, 64145 (MLS® #1882746). Thank you!


I always felt uneasy about circuses. Yes, they feature tricks of all kinds that are entertaining for the audience, but at what expense?
The humans who participate in the circus choose to be there, but the animals are taken from their homes and brought to provide more entertainment for the audience. After watching and reading Water for Elephants, I was exposed to the greed and business-driven minds of circus leaders, but I thought it was only part of the fiction.
Yet, when I watched actress Jorja Fox's video informing the public about the story of a young elephant named Krissy who taken from her African home at the age of two and transferred to circus life, I realized it was more than a tall tale. The video includes footage of Krissy being beaten with a bullhook and kept in chains. I had never seen a bullhook before watching Water For Elephants, but it is a hook attached to a long handle used to strike elephants to train them for shows. Robert Pattinson's character in the movie is reluctant to use it on his elephant and the ring master must take the bullhook and do it himself.
No animal deserves to be beaten to do tricks for an audience. If the people who continue to keep the circus in business knew the gory details, chances are they would no longer support the fantastical show.
Fox recorded the 90-second PSA on behalf of Animal Defenders International, a group of three organizations that works together to protect animals around the globe. The National Anti-Vivisection Society and the Lord Dowding Fund for Humane Research combine with ADI to save animals everywhere.
Speaking of Water for Elephants, the elephants that were used in both that movie and Zookeeper are now back in the circus according to ADI's website. Both Tai, the star of Water for Elephants, and Rosie, the elephant from Zookeeper, were subjected to beatings and electric shock treatment during training for their movie roles.
To stop these actions, Fox teamed up with Bob Barker, former television host, Congressman Jim Moran and ADI to pass the Traveling Exotic Animal Protection Act, which would outlaw the use of animals in traveling shows and fairs.
Circuses and fairs would be just as enjoyable, if not more enjoyable, without the harsh treatment of their stars. I would be happier to go to the circus if it was made up of flying acrobats and juggling acts instead of suffering animals.
If you would like to donate to ADI visit their website now. Stop films like Water for Elephants from becoming a reality and the stories of animals like Krissy from coming true. Animals did not sign up for the circus so why should they be there against their will?


After her husband's death in 664, Seaxburh remained in Kent to bring up her children. She acted as regent until her young son Ecgberht came of age.
Seaxburh founded the abbeys at Milton Regis and Minster-in-Sheppey where her daughter Ermenilda was also a nun. She moved to the double monastery at Ely where her sister Æthelthryth was abbess and succeeded her when Æthelthryth died in 679.
According to Bede, in 695, Seaxburh organised the movement (or translation) of Æthelthryth's remains to a marble sarcophagus, after they had lain for sixteen years in a common grave. On opening the grave, it was discovered that her body was miraculously preserved. The legend is described in Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People, which celebrates the saintly virtues of Æthelthryth, but speaks less highly of Seaxburh, referring only to her marriage, succession as abbess and translation of her sister's relics. The date of Seaxburh's death at Ely is not known. The surviving versions of the Vita Sexburge, compiled after 1106, describe her early life, marriage to Eorcenberht, retirement from secular life and her final years as a nun and abbess at Ely.
Seaxburh was a daughter of Anna, King of East Anglia, the son of Eni, who ruled the East Angles from the early 640s and was slain together with his son Jurmin at the Battle of Bulcamp in 653 or 654.
Seaxburh married Eorcenberht of Kent, and was the mother of kings Ecgberht (d. 673), Hlothhere (d. 685), and of Saints Eormenhild and Ercengota. Her marriage to Eorcenberht produced two sons, both of whom ruled, and two daughters.
Seaxburh's sisters were Æthelburg of Faremoutiers, Saethryth, Æthelthryth and possibly Withburga. She was the sister of Æthelburg and Saethryth, who were both abbesses of Faremoutiers Abbey in Brie, and also the sister of Æthelthryth, who married firstly Tonberht an ealderman of the South Gyrwe in the Fens, and secondly Ecgfrith of Northumbria. Withburga, who died in 743, may also have been her sister.
The historian Barbara Yorke mentions the possibility that Seaxburh and her namesake Seaxburh of Wessex were the same person, but also notes that the accounts of Seaxburh's religious life at Ely contradict this suggestion.
Seaxburh was buried at Ely with her sisters Æthelthryth Wihtburh, and with her daughter Eormenhild.
Seaxburh was connected with the royal family of the Magonsætan by her marriage to Eorcenberht, who was king of Kent from 640 to 664. Eorcenberht was the great-uncle of Mildburh and her sisters, the daughters of King Merewalh of the Magonsætan.
Their sons Ecgberht and Hlothhere both became kings of Kent. Their daughter Ercongota was a nun at Faremoutiers, who was eventually canonised. Eorcenberht is mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle within the annal for 640: "Then his son Eorcenberht succeeded to the kingdom; he overthrew all devil-worship in his kingdom, and was the first of the English kings to establish the Easter festival". In the same passage is the Chronicle's single reference to Seaxburh and Eorcengota, "...þaes dohter wæs ge haten Erchongata halifemne. and wundorlic man. thære modor wæs Sexburh Annan dohter East Engla ciningas" – '...his daughter was called Eorcengota, a holy and a remarkable person, whose mother was Seaxburh, daughter of Anna, king of the East Anglians'. Seaxburh and Eorcenberht had a second daughter, Ermenilda, who married Wulfhere of Mercia and after his death became a nun and was later canonised. According to Barbara Yorke, Seaxburh's marriage was itself of seminal importance in the establishment of monastic life for women during the Anglo-Saxon period, as she became an example of an ex-queen who made retreating to an nunnery a desirable royal vocation.
Eorcenberht died on 14 July 664, in an outbreak of plague that occurred that year. After her husband's death, Seaxburh remained in Kent to bring up her children. She played an important political and religious influence in the kingdom: she acted as regent for her son Ecgberht, ruling Kent until her young son came of age, and was the founder of Kent's first abbey for women at Milton. Thereafter, Seaxburh became a nun and founded the abbey of Minster-in-Sheppey.[note 1] According to the Liber Eliensis, a 12th-century chronicle and history written at Ely, an English source related that Seaxburh received "the veil of holiness" from Theodore, the Archbishop of Canterbury, in her church on the Isle of Sheppey and that her daughter Eormenhild also became a nun there. Seaxburh is said by her hagiographer to have sought refuge as a nun after living a secular role that she had found hard to tolerate: having reluctantly submitted to marriage, she hastened from queenhood to "a timely widowhood and a hasty withdrawal to the religious life", according to Susan Ridyard.
For a family tree of the ancestors of Seaxburh, see Wuffingas.
A stained glass window depicting St. Seaxburh, from the Refectory of Chester Cathedral.
Shortly afterwards Seaxburh moved to the double monastery at Ely, which was the precursor to Ely Cathedral, and where her sister Æthelthryth was abbess.
According to Yorke, Seaxburh's retirement to Ely is an example an Anglo-Saxon custom represented in a law: whereby a married woman remained the responsibility of the paternal side of her family, perhaps to spend the rest of her days as a nun or an abbess. Described by the Liber Eliensis as a "pretiosa virago" (precious lady-warrior) she succeeded as abbess when Æthelthryth died, probably of plague, in 679. Seaxburh's previous political experience in East Anglia and Kent would have been useful in preparing her for the role of abbess at the double monastery at Ely.
In 695 Seaxburh decided to translate the remains of her sister Æthelthryth (who had been dead for sixteen years) from a common grave to the new church at Ely in a vivid demonstration of the dynastic value of the cult of royal saints in Anglo-Saxon England, Professor Patrick Sims-Williams has identified Seaxburh as "the chief mover behind the translation of her body and the promulagation of her cult". The Liber Eliensis describes these events in detail. When her grave was opened, Æthelthryth's body was discovered to be uncorrupted and her coffin and clothes proved to possess miraculous powers. A sarcophagus made of white marble was taken from the Roman ruins at Grantchester, which was found to be the right fit for Æthelthryth.
The architectural historian John Crook questions how such miraculous coincidences feature in hagiographies (the studies of the lives of saints), when he observes that "the miraculous discovery of a suitable coffin is, however, a hagiographic commonplace". Seaxburh's supervised the preparation of her sister's body, which was washed and wrapped in new robes before being reburied. She apparently oversaw the translation of her sister's remains without the supervision of her bishop, using her knowledge of procedures gained from her family's links with the abbey at Faremoutiers as a basis for the ceremony.
The fourth book of the Ecclesiastical History of the English People, completed by the Northumbrian monk Bede in 731, celebrates the monastery at Ely and focuses on Æthelthryth's piety and the translation of her relics. Bede does not mention the matrilinear succession established at Ely by Æthelthryth, where power passed in turn to Seaxburh before subsequently transferring to Seaxburh's daughter Eormenhild and to her granddaughter, Werburh. He praises the virtues of Æthelthryth, a princess who was married twice but still preserved her virginity. Seaxburh receives little praise from Bede, as she had borne children before becoming a nun. He only mentions Seaxburh's marriage to Eorcenberht, succession as abbess and translation of her sister's relics.
The date of Seaxburh's death is not known, but when she died at Ely, she was at "a good, late age", according to the Liber Eliensis, which also related that 'Richard, Bishop of Ely' translated the remains of Seaxburh and of "all the saintly women reposing in that place". Her feast day is 6 July.
Seaxburh is mentioned in a written account of Kent's earliest Christian kings and their canonised relatives, known as the Kentish Royal Legend (Old English: Þá hálgan). These kings, queens and princesses were unified by their holiness and royal connections. Pauline Stafford notes that the Legend "may have been a Christian alternative to pagan genealogy" to the rulers of 10th- and 11th-century mediaeval England, as it described an earlier period of sustained Christian piety within the royal dynasty of Kent. Being both a queen and a saint, Seaxburh was held in high regard within the Legend: within it her role as queen and the founder of the minster at Sheppey was highlighted.
The 1913 edition of the Catholic Encyclopedia lists several separate accounts of the saint's deeds and miracles, or Lives. The Life (or Vita) printed in John Capgrave's Nova, Legenda and used by the Bollandists, was perhaps copied from a Cotton manuscript in the British Museum. There is another Vita in Latin in the same collection, but it was so damaged by fire that it is useless. The surviving versions of the Vita Sexburge were compiled after 1106 (the year the relics of Seaxburh were translated) and are copies from an earlier manuscript, now lost. The Vita describes Seaxburh's early life, marriage to Eorcenberht, withdrawal to Milton and then Minster-in-Sheppey, and her final years as a nun and the abbess at Ely. The section relating to her life at Sheppey is similar to another fragment, dating between the 9th and 11th centuries, and currently kept at Lambeth Palace. It has been suggested that part of the Vita Sexburge was derived from this manuscript, or that both parts originated from an earlier version of Seaxburh's Life.
Alaric Hall's page, A Life of Saint Mildrith, which contains the Old English version of the Mildrith legend known as Þá hálgan, or the Kentish Royal Legend.
A page on the Mediaeval Wall Painting in the English Parish Church website depicts two 13th century paintings at Willingham, Cambridgeshire, of Æthelthryth and an unknown saint, conjectured to be an image of Seaxburh.
^ Earle, Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel, p. 27.
^ Fryde et al, British Chronology, p. 8.
^ Yorke, Nunneries, p. 43.
^ Sims-Williams, Religion and Literature, p. 101.
^ Fryde et al, British Chronology, p. 13.
^ Swanton, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, p. 27.
^ Earle, Saxon Chronicles Parallel, p. 27.
^ Yorke, Nunneries, p. 27.
^ Bede, Ecclesiastical History, iv, 1.
^ Yorke, Nunneries, p. 26.
^ Dockray-Miller, Motherhood and Mothering in Anglo-Saxon England, pp. 13-14.
^ a b Fairweather, Liber Eliensis, p. 69.
^ Ridyard, Royal Saints, p. 90.
^ a b Yorke, Nunneries, p. 31.
^ Fairweather, Liber Eliensis, p. 376.
^ Williams et al, Dark Age Britain, p. 30.
^ Dockray-Miller, Motherhood and Mothering in Anglo-Saxon England, p. 13.
^ Sims-Williams, Religion and Literature, pp. 100-101.
^ Fairweather, Liber Eliensis, pp. 56-61.
^ Crook, Cult of Saints, p. 78.
^ Dockray-Miller, Motherhood and Mothering in Anglo-Saxon England, p. xiii-xiv.
^ Yorke, Nunneries, p. 154.
^ a b Ridyard, Royal Saints, p. 56.
^ Fairweather, Liber Eliensis, p. 278.
^ Butler, Lives of the Saints: February, p. 132.
^ Stafford, Queen Emma and Queen Edith, pp. 168-169.
^ Ridyard, Royal Saints, pp. 57-58.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "St. Sexburga" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton.
Bede; Bertram Colgrave; R. A. B. Mynors (2008). Bede: Ecclesiastical History of the English People. Cambridge: Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-953723-5.
Butler, Alban (1998) [1756-9]. Burns, Paul, ed. Butler's Lives of the Saints: February. Tunbridge Wells: Burns & Oates. ISBN 0-86012-251-4.
Crook, John (2000). The Architectural Setting of the Cult of Saints in the Early Christian West. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-820794-8.
Dockray-Miller, Mary (2000). Motherhood and Mothering in Anglo-Saxon England. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-22721-3.
Earle, John (1865). Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel (in Old English). Oxford: Clarendon Press. OCLC 10565546.
Fairweather, Janet (2005). Liber Eliensis: a History of the Isle of Ely from the Seventh Century to the Twelfth. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. ISBN 1-84383-015-9.
Goscelin of Saint-Bertin (2004) [11th century]. Love, Rosalind C., ed. Goscelin of Saint-Bertin: the Hagiography of the Female Saints of Ely. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-820815-4.
Ridyard, Susan Janet (1988). The Royal Saints of Anglo-Saxon England: a Study of West Saxon and East Anglian Cults. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-30772-4.
Sims-Williams, Patrick (1990). Religion and Literature in Western England, 600-800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-38325-0.
Stafford, Pauline (2001). Queen Emma and Queen Edith: Queenship and Women's Power in Eleventh-Century England. Oxford, Malden: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-22738-5.
Williams, Ann; Smyth, Alfred P.; Kirby, D. P. (1991). A biographical dictionary of dark age Britain: England, Scotland, and Wales, c.500-c.1050. London: B A Seaby Ltd. ISBN 1-85264-047-2.
Yorke, Barbara (2003). Nunneries and the Anglo-Saxon Royal Houses. London, New York: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-6040-2.


You know this thing about Tumble Leaf Games?
Tumble Leaf Games is something brand new appeared on our site where all you have to do is to focus if you want a chance to prove how good are you at games. This category is going to bring you a lot of challenges for girls and boys, I am absolutely sure you will find something you like. In Tumble Leaf Games you can find 1 games that we've published for these kids and childrens that are interested to play Tumble Leaf Games, this game gategory have been created on 12.05.2017. These games with Tumble Leaf Games have been voted 1 times and the avarage of vote is 5.00 stars. We advice you to play the last flash game from Tumble Leaf Games, Tumble Leaf Sliding Puzzle that have been published on 14.05.2017 02:00.
Tumble Leaf Sliding Puzzle its a part of Tumble Leaf Games category and until now its played 511 times. Try it now on Cute-Games.com!
If your like the Tumble Leaf Sliding Puzzle game you can write a comment in the game page. Recommend this game to your friends if you like it!
Find More About Tumble Leaf Games!
I am here to present you the Tumble Leaf Games category where all you have to do is to make sure that you will complete all the challenges. You have to be fast if you want the chance to prove that you are an amazing player no matter the game you try. here you have a lot of challenges and I am sure you can find something you like. Tumble Leaf Games category is going to be full of games for all the kids, girls and boys. In these game you have to use the mouse to complete your tasks in almost all the games. Try them all and focus if you want a change to reach the top where are just the best of the best. A great example is the first game appeared in Tumble Leaf Games category, the puzzle game where you will get points for the time you need to solve the puzzle. If you solve a puzzle fast you may reach the top but it is not simple at all and you have to work a lot to complete your goal successfully. In that game using the mouse you will slide the puzzle to form the image with Tumble Leaf. In the images you can see the main character from the series, Fig, the blue fox. You have three puzzles here not only one and at the beginning you can chose the puzzle that you want to try. If you complete the first puzzle for example you can try then the second one and then the third one. I am sure you will love the images and you will recognize the characters if you are a big fan of the new Amazon animated television series. You have to be fast in this game, you need a good observation spirit and persistence. The game is not as simple as it looks so you have to be persistent because if you give up after the first attempt you will never reach the podium. Give us a like if you had fun in this game and we will bring you more because we want to make you feel good on our site, we want to have all the newest games with your heroes from movies, series and animated television series. In that puzzle game from the Tumble Leaf Games category you can hose how many pieces the puzzle to have. You can chose a small number of pieces if you are not too good at puzzles. In these games with Tumble Leaf you don`t have to worry if you are not sure what to do because during the games you will get all the necessary indications from the computer, you will get the rules and you will be told what buttons you need. Our team is always by your side so if you have questions you can ask us in the comment section and we will help you. TEll us if you want other categories here on our site, the best games site in the country. Let us know what do you think about our new category and we are going to follow your advice. Give us also a g plus if you want to promote this games category for all the kids. In the series the main character if Fig, a blue fox who is going to have new adventures every day. At each ben in his path he meets new friends and new challenges are waiting for him. He has to use his ingenuity and he has to work together with his friends to get over the obstacles, to solve all kind of puzzle. He will learn something new everyday and all the kids who watch the series will be taught important lessons about friendship, love, cooperation and so on. Let us know if you are a fan of this new Amazon animated television series. Follow Fig in his adventures and I am sure you will have a great time. Some games with Fig and his friends are easier at the beginning than in the following levels because in this way the game lets you get comfortable with the rules. Fig is there for you all the time, he is going to tell you what to do and he is going to support you. Do your best to prove him how good are you, to show him that no challenge is too big for you. I am going to present you a lot of games with Fig and his friends, I am sure you will be able to find at least one that you will like. Fig is going to be with you all the time so let him know that you can complete your goal successfully every time. I will present you a lot of new categories here on our sire, I am sure you are going to be amazed.


What Lace Wigs Hair Styles Works With Your Face Shape?
Hair is the most important decoration component for your looking,so it is complicated to choose a perfect and suitable lace wigs hairstyle that fits anybody's special face shape. Hair cuts can enhance your facial features,but it will be more botchy if hair cut is not good. Take some time to study hairstyles that will shine your face shape before your next appointment at the salon,and it is also very helpful when you buy human hair lace wigs.
1.Stand in front of the mirror to study which face shape you have: Oval, round, square, heart, triangular, diamond or oblong.
2 .Check the length of your face.if it is about one and a half times the width of your face, you have an oval face shape. Oval faces is suitalbe to match any hairstyle. Search your hair magazines for any style that suits your fancy,or check curly,wavy,straight texture pattern from our texture chart.
3 .Do you have a round face shape that the width is approximately equal to length. Scope out your hairstyle magazines for styles that include a length below the chin and layers or side-swept fringes.
4 .Notice that you have a square face shape if you have a broad forehead and angular, chiseled jawline. Look for hairstyles that include layers blown away from the face, and soft bangs that balance your strong features.
5 .Look in the mirror and recognize that if your face is wide at the forehead and cheekbones, yet narrow at the chin, you have heart-shaped face. Find hairstyles that are chin length, with long layers around the face. Also look for styles that include a deep side part.
6.Spot triangular faces by noting a wide jawline with narrow cheekbones and forehead. Choose hairstyles from your magazines that have up-swept bangs and voluminousness layers around the crown of the head.
7 .Recognize a diamond shaped face by observing wide cheekbones, juxtaposed by a narrow forehead and jawline. Pick hairstyles for this face shape that include bangs across the forehead, and wispy layers around the cheekbones.
Now you'll be more clear what full lace wig or lace front wig hair style is suitable for you.


text:
By Julie Ingersoll Julie Ingersoll February 21, 2011
Is Wisconsin Union-Busting Religiously Sanctioned?
A friend of mine emailed me this weekend and asked about the fight in Wisconsin over the state budget. "Where's the Religious Right in those events," she asked, and then wondered whether there is Reconstructionist influence in what's happening up there.
That got me to thinking… and re-reading Gary North and David Chilton on "Biblical economics." I have argued that Reconstructionists have spent the last fifty years articulating a critique of American culture and developing resources and institutions (especially Christian schools and Christian homeschools) to "reconstruct" society in terms of what they understand as biblical law. In this world, every aspect of life is governed by biblical law; there is no area of life outside of it.
There are now families in which multiple generations—grandparents, parents and children—have all been shaped in these contexts; contexts that include "Christian American history," dominionism, creationism, and biblical economics. For Reconstructionist Doug Phillips' organization Vision Forum, cultivating this kind of "multi-generational faithfulness" is an explicit goal. And when you look at tea party rallies and see all those white middle class fifty-somethings you are looking at many of them. Sarah has also made the case for this at RD. We're not arguing that this in the only influence… just that it is an important one.
Economics is seen as so central to a "biblical worldview" that it is the focus of much of the work of leading Reconstructionist Gary North. North's earliest work (1973), widely used as a Christian school textbook, is entitled Introduction to Christian Economics and he was founder/owner of the publishing outfit Institute for Christian Economics (ICE). North has written on the Federal Reserve, inflation as intentional theft of the value of money, and in favor of privatization labeling other arrangements "socialism."
He also published David Chilton's Productive Christians in an Age of Guilt Manipulators (first in 1981) which is a critique of Ron Sider's "socialism." Here, socialism refers to something broader than an economic system; it refers to a civil government that regulates activities other than those the Bible charges it with regulating, a society in which people look to the government to solve problems over which the Bible doesn't give it authority.
According to North and Chilton, biblical economics begins with private property and the individual, free from any regulation and subject only to God—beyond theft (and therefore fraud) almost anything else is permitted in the name of freedom. Labor unions, in this view, could only be biblical if they were free associations and if any other laborer was free to undercut the wages they negotiate by agreeing to work for less. Specifically, in terms of developments in Wisconsin, fifty years of spreading "biblical economics" has created a religiously sanctioned battle against labor unions:
Labor unions are gangs of legalized thugs. They do not believe in allowing employers and employees the freedom to make contracts. They do not allow non-union people to sell their labor at lower wages; thus they create institutional unemployment for they are also strong advocates of minimum wage laws. There is nothing wrong with workers bargaining with employers about wages. What is wrong is when unions are able to get the government behind them. This means that bargaining is done at gunpoint. The fact that government backs them also means that unions can usually threaten, terrorize and even kill those who oppose them, without facing punishment from the state.
But the Wisconsin labor unions are even worse, in terms of biblical economics, because they are public labor unions. Not only do Reconstructionists believe that public employees should not have the right to organize, they believe that almost all of them should not be public employees; most of the tasks performed by those protesting the Wisconsin state budget would, in the biblical economics of North, Chilton (and Rushdoony, of course), be privatized.
Reconstructionist Gary Demar's tea party-oriented organization, Vision2America, joined the anti-union chorus today. DeMar promotes his views in a number of venues, each tailored to connect with a specific group. His American Vision is explicitly Reconstructionist, arguing that there is no neutrality and that all the positions he takes are rooted in biblical law. Vision2America, though, has a slightly different audience, so while the article focuses only on the Wisconsin budget crisis, it's important to remember that busting a teachers' union is just the first step. These folks want to eliminate the Federal Department of Education too, because in the end, they want to eliminate public education.
christian reconstructionismdavid chiltondoug phillipsfederal reservegary demargary northhomeschoolingrj rushdoonyron siderunionsvision forumwisconsin
Julie Ingersoll
Julie Ingersoll is a Professor of Religious Studies at the University of North Florida in Jacksonville. Her most recent book is Building God's Kingdom: Inside the World of Christian Reconstructionism. She also blogs at http://julieingersoll.weebly.com/.
Latest Posts By Julie Ingersoll
Why Roy Moore's Evangelical Supporters Won't Abandon Him
Gen. Kelly's Civil War Story Derives From 19th Century Pro-Slavery Evangelicalism
A Note to Megyn Kelly & NBC: How to Talk About Conspiracy Theories
Previous articleCreeping Shari'ah… Ahem, Excuse Me… Biblical Law
Next articleWill ABC 'Whitewash' Radical Rand Paul Tonight?
In Face of GOP's Shockingly Anti-Democratic Actions, 'Love' Is a Moral Failure
Roy "10 Commandments" Moore Doesn't Want to Reform the Senate, He Has a Higher Calling
#RDISPATCHES
RT @KeddieTony: "Ironically, both the holiday and the memorial have inadvertently served to sanitize King's radicalism—the very thing so ur…
RT @KeddieTony: @RawStory just republished this piece I wrote for @RDispatches back in March, and, for some odd reason, the white nationali…
Good piece by @bobsmietana on end times preacher Jack Van Impe, but @RNS how can you pass up on the opportunity for… https://t.co/qChZwd5Spc
Follow @RDispatches
GET THE WORD | RD Newsletter in Your Mailbox

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Sept. 22, 2017, edition of Street Roots arrives at the vendor office. (Street Roots photo)
Journalism in an unprecedented political climate
Since the 2016 presidential campaign, Street Roots has stood strong in its coverage of the resistance
by SR editorial board | 4 Oct 2019
As American values and those living on our country's margins have come increasingly under attack, Street Roots has responded with meaningful coverage.
Giving a voice to our community's most vulnerable has always been at the core of our newspaper's mission, but it became clear in 2016 that, in our role as an independent news source, we had a duty to fight back against the onslaught of lies and propaganda being spewed forth upon our country.
In December 2016, we established four pillars of coverage to guide our editorial agenda as we moved forward: freedom of the press, the environment, immigrants and refugees, and housing and homelessness.
While our coverage has not been limited to these categories alone, these pillars helped us to establish an intentional response to the attacks on the media, on our planet and on marginalized communities that were raining down from the highest office in the nation.
While much news coverage in the ensuing politically charged climate has been reactionary, we have sought to give context and provide a deeper understanding around the larger issues that percolate beneath the surface.
As a chaotic news cycle bounces from one scandal and affront to human rights to the next, we have featured thought-provoking stories and in-depth coverage centered on the people most affected; we've featured commentaries and interviews with academics, authors and other experts who can provide relevant analysis; and we've profiled members of our community whose stories give a human face to those who otherwise would have only a target on their backs.
Our long-form articles and interviews have delved into the multibillion-dollar immigrant detention and prison industries, the criminalization of poverty, understanding media literacy, the many facets of the ever-increasing wealth divide, and the nuances of systemic racism.
We've given a platform to national leaders at the frontlines of the fight against hate and misinformation, those who are fighting to protect the rights of women and of the LGBTQ+ community, to end police brutality against people of color, to stymie the incarceration of immigrants and asylum seekers, to stop the burning of fossil fuels and the unregulated sale of assault rifles, and those who use art, film and music to inspire and sustain an at-times fatigued resistance movement.
Through interviews with Naomi Klein, Ralph Nader, Cecile Richards, DeRay Mckesson, Al Sharpton and others, we've given social justice leaders a platform to elaborate on their efforts and perspectives from their bird's-eye views.
We've also brought you stories about the resistance here at home. We've taken you inside the Pacific Northwest's climate movement, from Indigenous efforts and the Valve Turners to Extinction Rebellion and how some of our state's top industries are contributing to the world's greenhouse gas levels. We've profiled the lives and struggles of Portlanders in the immigrant, LGBTQ+ and homeless communities. We've given a spotlight to women's rights and civil rights leaders. We've highlighted resistance efforts in Portland's religious communities with our Faith & Justice series, and most importantly, we've kept, you, our readers, informed of ways you can get involved – from attending protests and workshops to actions you can take as an individual.
That's because at Street Roots, we know that if we can foster understanding with our news coverage and provide our readers with the tools they need to make a difference, together we can continue to stand strong.
NEWS HIGHLIGHTS: 20 years of Street Roots reporting
Street Roots is an award-winning, nonprofit, weekly newspaper focusing on economic, environmental and social justice issues. Our newspaper is sold in Portland, Oregon, by people experiencing homelessness and/or extreme poverty as means of earning an income with dignity. Learn more about Street Roots. Support your community newspaper by making a one-time or recurring gift today.
© 2019 Street Roots. All rights reserved. | To request permission to reuse content, email editor@streetroots.org or call 503-228-5657, ext. 404.
Street Roots 20th Anniversary
Street Roots vendor writing: A vital outlet for our creative expression
Built from the ground up: Street Roots turns 20
From Dignity Village to Portland Street Response, advocacy is a vital part of Street Roots
Street Roots has been a champion for social justice for 20 years
Street Roots vendor writing: A sense of community through Street Roots


It's almost Christmas and I absolutely love decorating my home for the holidays. Making Christmas crafts is so much fun. Today I want to share a ton of our favorite Easy DIY Cricut Christmas Crafts that you'll want to make this week. From Christmas gift ideas to Holiday home decor, we have so many great holiday craft ideas just for you. These are all made using our beloved Cricut, along with the amazing holiday files from Makers Gonna Learn. It's a great membership website created for die cutting lovers like you! The site has over 500 digital cut files for every occasion, and more are added every month. I hope you all get inspired by these fun Christmas project ideas!
I love these projects. Makers Gonna Learn has so many versatile files perfect for the holidays. Most, if not all, of these projects, would make great gift ideas for the holidays. I hope you enjoyed this inspiration and good luck in crafting this holiday season! Don't forget to check out Makers Gonna Learn for all of your die cutting file needs!


Copper coated fabric mats for strawberry and hosta plants. Place them around the base of your plants and slugs and snails won't approach.
Strawberry and hosta mats are copper coated fabric mats for the very effective control of slugs and snails. They can be used around plants or under pots and they have the added benefit of keeping your fruit clean from soil splashes. These re-usable mats also work as a weed suppressant and help conserve moisture in the soil. Copper is a great slug deterrent, it gives them a little shock and they will not cross it, it is completely safe for all other wildlife. Using the mats will mean no strawing is required. They are ideal for hosta and strawberry plants and much more.


text:
package org.projectfloodlight.openflow.protocol.action;

import org.projectfloodlight.openflow.protocol.*;
import org.projectfloodlight.openflow.protocol.action.*;
import org.projectfloodlight.openflow.protocol.actionid.*;
import org.projectfloodlight.openflow.protocol.bsntlv.*;
import org.projectfloodlight.openflow.protocol.errormsg.*;
import org.projectfloodlight.openflow.protocol.meterband.*;
import org.projectfloodlight.openflow.protocol.instruction.*;
import org.projectfloodlight.openflow.protocol.instructionid.*;
import org.projectfloodlight.openflow.protocol.match.*;
import org.projectfloodlight.openflow.protocol.stat.*;
import org.projectfloodlight.openflow.protocol.oxm.*;
import org.projectfloodlight.openflow.protocol.oxs.*;
import org.projectfloodlight.openflow.protocol.queueprop.*;
import org.projectfloodlight.openflow.types.*;
import org.projectfloodlight.openflow.util.*;
import org.projectfloodlight.openflow.exceptions.*;
import java.util.Set;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;

public interface OFActionSetMplsTtl extends OFObject, OFAction {
    OFActionType getType();
    short getMplsTtl();
    OFVersion getVersion();

    void writeTo(ByteBuf channelBuffer);

    Builder createBuilder();
    public interface Builder extends OFAction.Builder {
        OFActionSetMplsTtl build();
        OFActionType getType();
        short getMplsTtl();
        Builder setMplsTtl(short mplsTtl);
        OFVersion getVersion();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Bumble Bee Jasper is a "newer" form of Jasper from West Java, Indonesia, found where a volcano once opened, causing strong earth energy to flow into this stone. The stone is a mixture of minerals, including sulfur, hematite, ilmenite, anhydrite, as well as ash from the volcano. Due to the sulfur and arsenic content, use it with caution, never place it in water, and only use polished, sealed stones.
The energy of Bumble Bee Jasper is all about bringing zest to your life with a positive outlook!
Bumble Bee Jasper encourages us to take inspired action to move forward in our life.
This stone is a great reminder to grab our own personal power. It is deeply grounding and connects us to our bodies through support of physical vitality and renewal. It is a stone for the solar plexus and sacral chakra.
Piece is 3″ in size.


Home renovation may be the tiring strategy however, if a person deal with a dependable service in your seek out the greatest fixtures for your home, it can be a lot more enjoyable. To Ensure you have got a simpler occasion renovating your property, you should consider dealing with Beeson Apartment Fixtures.The insulating material to roof standout amongst the more disregarded renovate errands for apartment. Heat increases and continues to mainly because many people have always been ignorant about this till increases and moves increase through the roof top. On insulating material associated with rooftop can consequently help to avoid the concern to temperature performing their form through the top of one's roof. It could likewise especially impact the overall shelter execution to commonly homes. You ought to ensure which they introduce trustworthy air flow to counteract prospective lumber decay and water ice dams. Cellar shelter could be the some other most important superb redesign idea for apartment.Exclusively including stylish repeats it self when a couple of decades, all aged regular kitchen area looks is back again. That clean and painless selling point of all old-fashioned kitchen areas is quite trendy nowadays. There are numerous homeowners who that way feel and you may additionally abide by it, if you should be trying to find a kitchen renovation task.You might not ignore the small home renovation work. You may possibly designate a complete weekend concerning painting the bathroom or even wall surface mounting your TV. For you personally, installations such as doorways, microsoft windows and bookshelves might seem just like easy. Still, keep in mind that really a tiny mistake could put your household at an increased risk. If you install the television improperly, it may fall down and trigger injury to your children. A bookshelf among ponderous tomes may be hazardous too. So that, it is advisable to employ a specialist who can do a suitable work. A handyman displays connection with installations, furniture construction, carpentry, painting and much more. Employing him will certainly make certain you avoid expensive errors.There tend to be couple of individuals who cherish springtime cleaning, investing minimal consider to your season to demands. When your property is being invaded with basic mess, some sort of emotional load of wanting to washed the house can be extremely overwhelming. It's conceivable to present extra potential cupboards and also employ Household Renovations Camp Hill expert.The Blake group, the key property team in the better Denver plus Aurora areas as part of Colorado shows a top success rate as part of attempting to sell homes as a result of home heal plus home staging help they provide his or her customers. Property grow to be more appealing to potential real estate buyers.Most home owners discover that they cannot wish to tackle their house renovation by themselves. Those that do commonly notice they want a contractor for a few phases of the work, like plumbing or electric perform. Receiving a great specialist are an important part of this task.The cost of shopping for a property is just the start! Because one homeowner, you realize the expense of apartment maintenance furthermore repairs. Should you want to keep the renovation prices on minimum, you need to nip the issue inside bud. Furthermore, how can you take action? The Clear Answer lies in hiring one handyman.Specifically Renders a fantastic Bath renovate?You start down every day along with end that it in the restroom. rénovation maison Obtaining the greatest restroom can certainly help we as part of a negative time whenever you get home towards a fantastic heated then pleasant bath. There are many things that you are able to do whenever you renovating we restroom as part of north Virginia.exactly like kitchen, will lighting looks your important aspect of the restroom also. Just picture coming residence towards your perfectly lit restroom where you could dim will lighting and have a fantastic peaceful bath. Which specifically attain a good restroom. The capability to have actually change the lighter environment according to your really want.
The interest was different great component that you need to consider whenever obtaining a home enhancement loan. On less the interest price we invest, the greater amount of financing it is possible to manage to have from bank. One of the guaranteed methods for reducing all price is by opting for your adjustable-rate home loan supply. Customarily, this home loan starts and low rates because the lender just isn't secured into a fixed price to 15 many years or more. However, it is very important to note that the rates is adjusted any six, 12, to a couple of years thereafter based facets including the economy.
Exclusively like the old fashioned washrooms is stylish today, people additionally like to need ones clean and straight forward search back once again of regular washrooms. Matte textures and straight forward, earthy look are particularly prevalent today.


text:
Home » News » Twin baby boys found dead in a car outside South Carolina daycare
Twin baby boys found dead in a car outside South Carolina daycare
7:56 PM EDT, Sat September 04, 2021
NBC NEWS — Two infant boys were found dead outside a South Carolina daycare center in a car, according to law enforcement.
Richland County deputies responded to a call of two unresponsive infants at Sunshine House Early Learning Academy a little after 5:30 PM on Wednesday, officials said in a statement
"They arrived to find two infants inside a vehicle. Both were pronounced deceased at the scene by EMS," the Richland County Sheriff's Office said.
The babies have been identified as twin brothers, Bryson and Brayden McDaniel. Authorities believe the children had been in the car for over 9 hours, said coroner Naida Rutherford said at a press conference Thursday.
They were found in rear-facing car seats in a family member's vehicle, which was being driven by one of the parents. Rutherford said the mother and father were both "very distraught."
The car was not parked at the daycare center all day. The infants were enrolled at Sunshine House Early Learning Academy.
Daycare staff was not involved in the brother's deaths.
Alex Murdaugh taken into custody in Florida on new charges
Alex Murdaugh turns himself in on charges related to $10M insurance fraud scheme
"With the evidence that we have, we do not believe the Sunshine Academy staff was involved nor is complicit in any way in the deaths of Bryson and Brayden McDaniel," Rutherford said.
The investigation remains active, according to the Richland County Sheriff's Department.
According to the coroner, there were no signs of physical abuse or trauma on the infants. The cause of death is pending but Rutherford said it's possible the children died of hyperthermia.
Tags: south carolina
Al Capone's Miami Beach home to be demolished by new owners
Man dead after being hit by car on Collier Blvd near Marco Island


make your difference? How is your energy?
In The Power of Full Engagement, Jim Loehr and Tony Schwarz write that managing energy, not time, is the key to high performance. To be engaged, we must be energized physically, emotionally connected, mentally focused and spiritually aligned with a purpose beyond our self-interest.
For that to happen we also need rest and recovery – something that is less valued in many western cultures. Doing, activities and hard work are okay, but just being, resting or reflection are less appreciated.
We must balance energy expenditure with energy renewal and live less linear but more rhythmically. Both overuse and underuse will diminish our energy so we should keep a healthy tension, according to the authors.
We can follow the pulse of life – rest when it is possible, run when it is needed. Currently, our lives are linear because we follow our pre-set schedules and, thus, we are exhausted and live as flat-liners.
To become stronger, we must push beyond our normal limits, then rest to recover – and you'll be stronger than before. Just like when you would train your muscle power, you can train your energy in the physical, emotional, mental and spiritual fields.
The key is to use periodic stress – and then recover. This requires a willingness to endure short-term discomfort to gain long-term benefits. But, please check whether you feel challenged instead of threatened. It only works as long as you feel safe – as a game in which you are learning to become more energetic.
Their book offers practical advice if you feel that you can do better with regards to sleep, food, physical exercise, positive emotions, relaxation from stress, cognitive energy and enhancing your intrinsic motivation.
How do your habits enhance or limit your energy?
How much negative energy do you invest in defense mechanisms as opposed to positive energy in productivity and growth?
How much energy do you spend on yourself and others?
How wisely do you spend your energy and how well do you recharge?
How is your energy? What could you improve? Sleep, relaxation, food, exercise, emotions, self-talk and thinking habits, or motivation and meaningful purpose?


Spyros Paloukis is a freelance photographer, writer and the publisher of Magic Box & Fata Morgana Editions. He studied Information Technology and Photography in Thessaloniki and has also obtained a Master's degree in American Studies at the University of Antwerp in Belgium.
Spyros has been engaged with photography and has exhibited his work in Greece and abroad while he has been awarded in various photographic competitions. His photobook "Daydreaming: 100 Greeks in Belgium dream of Greece" was published in 2010 in five languages and was presented at the European Parliament in Brussels, while his photos were exhibited at the 15th Biennale of Young Artists of the Mediterranean in Thessaloniki. After presenting his work at the International Month of Photography, he was nominated by the Hellenic Centre for Photography as one of the top ten young photographers of Greece.
As evidenced in his work, Spyros loves travelling. Although he considers himself a photographer, he has a deep love for writing, which for him is like a journey. So far he has published 5 books. He was nominated as one of the best writers publishing their first book by the literary magazine "Diavazo" for the year 2008-'09. In 2009 he published the photobook "Edessa", in which he makes a photographic journey back to his birthplace, while in 2011 he published the novel "Black out generation". He recently published the unique photo fairy-tale "Wonderwood", which was exhibited at Thessaloniki's Photobiennale in November 2012.


Discover the inside story of the Civil Rights Movement through the eyes of one of its most iconic figures, Congressman John Lewis. March is the award-winning, #1 bestselling graphic novel trilogy recounting his life in the movement, co-written with Andrew Aydin and drawn by Nate Powell. Congressman John Lewis was a leader in the American Civil Rights Movement. He was chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and played a key role in the struggle to end segregation. Despite more than 40 arrests, physical attacks, and serious injuries, John Lewis remained a devoted advocate of the philosophy of nonviolence. He is co-author of the first comics work to ever win the National Book Award, the #1 New York Times bestselling graphic novel memoir trilogy March, written with Andrew Aydin and illustrated by Nate Powell. He is also the recipient of numerous awards from national and international institutions including the Lincoln Medal, the John F. Kennedy "Profile in Courage" Lifetime Achievement Award, and the NAACP Spingarn Medal, among many others. He lives in Atlanta, GA.
Out There addresses the question of cultural marginalization – the process through which various groups are excluded from access to and participation in the dominant culture. It is a wide-ranging anthology that juxtaposes diverse points of view on issues of gender, race, sexual preference, and class. It takes up the fundamental issues raised when we attempt to define concepts such as "mainstream" and "minority," and it opens up new ways of thinking about culture and representation in our society.
In America today there is a little-known explosion of creative art by women and men from many different ethnic backgrounds. Mixed Blessings is the first book to discuss the crosscultural process taking place in the work of Latino, Native-, African-, and Asian-American artists. Rich with illustrations of artworks in many different mediums, and filled with incisive quotes and unsettling reports, it is more than a book about art, it is a complex meditation on the relationships of people to their cultures.
Consistently lauded for its lively, readable prose, this revised and updated edition of A People's History of the United States turns traditional textbook history on its head. Howard Zinn infuses the often-submerged voices of blacks, women, American Indians, war resisters, and poor laborers of all nationalities into this thorough narrative that spans American history from Christopher Columbus's arrival to an afterword on the Clinton presidency.
In Dark Fiber, Lovink combines aesthetic and ethical concerns and issues of navigation and usability without ever losing sight of the cultural and economic agendas of those who control hardware, software, content, design, and delivery. He examines the unwarranted faith of the cyber-libertarians in the ability of market forces to create a decentralized, accessible communication system. He studies the inner dynamics of hackers' groups, Internet activists, and artists, seeking to understand the social laws of online life. Finally, he calls for the injection of political and economic competence into the community of freedom-loving cyber-citizens, to wrest the Internet from corporate and state control.


The student, upon the completion of this course would have the skill to control and supervise an airline station in a self-handled or outsourced environment. They would be able to use Ground Handling and Service Level Agreements (SLAs) to suit your stations, handling needs, reduce costs and provide quality service.
They can prevent fraud by being knowledgeable about the current methods that fraudsters use to dilute airline revenues. The student can implement a Safety and Security Station Management System according to industry standards and recommended practices. They would be able to motivate staff and effectively monitor their performance.
Participants are recommended to have at least 2 years of professional experience in ground handling function. This course is recommended for- Airlines, ground handling and other service providers, Airport authorities, and Ground operations professionals at a supervisory level.
=> Use and work with the latest edition of the IATA Airport Handling Manual (AHM) which is included in the course price.


text:
Q: Apparently simple integral I am having trouble solving this apparently simple integral:
$\int\frac{x}{3+\sqrt{x}}dx$
Hints would be preferable than complete answer...
Thanks!

A: Substitute $x = y^2$ and use long division to simplify the integrand.
Thus, we have $dx = 2 y dy$. Substituting in the original integrand, we have:
$$\int \frac{x}{3+\sqrt{x}} dx = \int \frac{y^2}{3+y} 2y dy$$
i.e.,
$$\int \frac{x}{3+\sqrt{x}} dx  = \int \frac{2y^3}{3+y} dy$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Available from 10am to 2pm, relax and recover whilst listening to our live jazz band and the wonderful sounds from New Orleans and the Mississippi – what better way to start a new year?
£21.95 per person, booking is essential.
Call us on 01687 77224 to book.


These awesome motorcycle leather jackets are perfect for all you men that are searching for a comfortable and practical jacket, whilst wanting to look badass at the same time. They are made from a mixture of Leather and Suede, giving them a uniquely masculine look and feel that comes with a zipper for closure. There are three awesome colors to choose from so make sure to get a closer look at each style in the image gallery before you choose the one that suits your style. Each motorcycle jacket can be purchased in different sizes, so get yours now! If you'd like to check out other options, go to the Jacket Collection for other killer coats. For other complimentary items , check out the Top Collection and the Bottoms Collection.


Employers today recruit for attitude as much as aptitude and value personal, social and life skills as highly as exam results and experience. Whilst we understand colleges have to focus on grades and academic success, we can help you support students in their personal development and employability skills.
We are also happy to discuss alternative or additional content for workshops and training days with you.
It is said that a mediocre teacher tells, a good teacher explains, a superior teacher demonstrates and a great teacher inspires. A great teacher can make a student feel inspired; as though he/she can do anything in the world if he/she sets his/her mind to it." Revolution in information and communication technology has emphasized the need to keep pace with the ever changing environment. From the days of Gurukul to the present day the teacher was basically the disseminator of information and therefore looked upon. Internet and communication has brought plethora of information and intelligence at the child's fingertips. He is no longer seeking information only from the teacher. The teacher therefore has to play the role of a facilitator not only a guide but inspire students to tread unexplored pathways in pursuance of new knowledge, skill, and excellence. A true educational institution shall strive towards promoting values and nurturing culture that facilitates academic atmosphere and competency development among all the participants in the learning process. These participants include faculty as well as students.
Hence Gnosis has designed Faculty Development Program (FDP) to train and develop professionals. The FDPs provide inputs on Effective Communication, process and practice of Personal development, inter-personal skills, creativity, problem solving, tips and tricks on resource and knowledge management. The training methodology includes case studies, group discussion, games and simulation exercise.


Whether you're measuring portions for weight control or accuracy, a food scale is the best way to go. But if you don't have a scale, there are other ways you can measure portions using your hand or common household items.
Measuring cups and spoons may be your next best option for keeping portions in check if you don't have access to a food scale. These types of utensils work well for milk, grains, vegetables, cut fruit, oils and nut butters.
A 1-cup serving of flour is equal to 4 1/2 ounces, according to King Arthur Flour. For accuracy, sift or fluff the flour before measuring with your cup.
No matter what you're using to measure portions, check yourself using the standard portion measures, whether it's a food scale or cups and spoons, to ensure accuracy.


text:
Shalom Hartman Institute
The Shalom Hartman Institute is a pluralistic center of research and education deepening and elevating the quality of Jewish life in Israel and around the world. Through their work, they are redefining the conversation about Judaism in modernity, religious pluralism, Israeli democracy, Israel and world Jewry and the relationship with other faith communities.
Their work focuses on developing compelling Jewish ideas capable of competing in the modern marketplace of identities and thought and building a Jewish people and a State of Israel that respect and celebrate diversity, as well as ensuring Israel's foundations as the democratic homeland of the Jewish people committed to equal rights and religious freedom for all and forming a strong mutual commitment between world Jewry and Israelis as equal partners in the future of Jewish life. Finally, they serve as a gateway for leaders of other faiths to engage with Judaism and Israel and build new foundations of understanding and cooperation.


To cut a long story short: The power of a narration lies in the reduction of image material. Film editing means cutting out the substance of a story. In order to produce creative space and stories, you must have creative room and mind.


text:
Happy Birthday Bambuni!
It takes a brave, some might say foolhardy, some might say insane, soul to start a business in the current financial climate, so we denizens of SE15 should stand as one and applaud the bravery/foolhardiness/insanity (delete as appropriate) of Huey, only begetter of the Bambuni delicatessen and coffee shop, which first opened its doors a year ago yesterday.
The refurbishment of the premises took months, and most of the work was carried out by Huey himself. It was a labour of love and you can tell by the finished space how much thought and care have gone into it; free wi-fi, well duh!, but also a power outlet at each table; great music, yes, but via a speaker system covering every area; a projector hung from the ceiling for film nights; plain white walls, polished wood and spot-lighting making it a delightful room to spend time in, over a flat white and a toasted sandwich.
Of course, none of that would matter a jot if even more thought hadn't been put into what is on offer. But there's some great stuff here:
The coffee served is from Volcano and is also available to buy in 250g bags (they'll happily grind the beans for you if you wish).
In addition to a fine selection of charcuterie and cheeses, Huey sells fantastic bacon and sausages from Nathan Mills.
Bread is from Brick House, Levain (formerly Born and Bread) and Boulangerie Jade.
Pork pies are from Bray's Cottage.
There are shelves full of dried pastas from Bartolini and De Cecco, jams, pickles, Spanish beans and pulses, goose fat, duck confits and cassoulets, Italian tomatoes from Mutti, teas from Pukka and much more.
There's a great selection of beers (Red Willow, The Kernel, Cropton's, Hard Knott and Buxton's) and wines. And, marvellous to behold, there are two barrels of wine (a white and a red - currently Italian) from which customers can refill their stoppered Bambuni bottles. A bottle costs £2.50 and the wine is £5.50 for 750ml.
A similar refill system operates for olive and rapeseed oils. The oils cost between £3-£5 for 500ml and the refill bottles £2 each.
Italian '00', strong bread, self-raising and spelt flours are available to buy by weight as is rice (paella, basmati, arborio), quinoa and oats.
Joy of joys, there's a freezer cabinet chock full of ice cream from The Ice Cream Union - including cornflake, hazelnut and lemon pie flavours.
There is always new stock from new suppliers being added - Huey has been stocking everything you need to make sushi (inlcuding mats) for a while now, but has just added a range of Mexican moles, re-fried beans, tortillas etc.
And it's well worth signing up to the newsletter to keep up to date with regular evening activities - supperclub pop-ups, film nights, sushi making, late evening bar nights etc.
With all of that available, let me ask you a question. If you live in the area and haven't been to Bambuni to, at the very least, check it out, why on Earth not?
plates of cheese nos. 8 & 9: an italian extravaganza
And so once more unto Royal Hill in Greenwich, land of twin-sets, labradors and Money Box on the radio, for my monthly visit to The Cheeseboard. Or almost monthly: because I disappear sometimes, I'd fallen a month behind in this project (to choose a cheeseboard, with three cheeses each, always under £7.50, for every month of the year). So, in order to get back on track, I thought that on this visit we'd choose two. There was another reason: opting for three different wedges for under £7.50 meant that I couldn't afford to include those which are only sold whole. So I intended that one board would consist of just one splendiferous, fuck-me-that's-good cheese.
But, as it turned out, a whole Carboncino, the star of this month, costs £4.25. So with the addition of small slices from two other cheeses the total came to £7.54. And we're not going to quibble about going four pence over, are we? Especially as the other selection cost me only £6.06. Actually, because I've signed up to the Cheeseboard's newsletter, I got a discount of 15%, so the grand total for all six cheeses came to £11.56.
The tasting notes in each of these posts have, up until now, been written by Robbyn, the shop's manager. However, she seemed to think that it was perfectly O.K. to flit off to the good ol' U.S. of Stateside for a family gathering without first checking if I was due for a visit. Luckily, the damage any such flagrant and haughty disregard for customer satisfaction might have caused was more than offset by the help and advice proffered by her colleague Lucy. These are her notes:
slow cooked breast of lamb (and a couple of bowls of ribs)
If you think about it, breast of lamb should really be ticking all the boxes for the solitary skint foodie. It's cheap - cheaper (in Asda at least) even than our beloved pork belly; it's most often packaged as a 2-3 portion rolled and boneless joint, just right for a Sunday lunch plus leftovers; and it comes with the promise of sweet and tender meat.
But on the few occasions when I've been tempted to cook it, what I've found is that the box it most vehemently ticks, with a mahoosive, fuck-off, indelible marker pen, is the one marked 'Vast Amounts Of Unappetising Fat'.
Now fat can be a glorious thing, particularly when we're talking pork (see the previous post) and beef (although the government have been mysteriously silent on my proposal to provide free bread and dripping to all school children). But, in my opinion, a little lamb fat goes a long way.
Now, The Ginger Pig, butchers of distinction, have, with ineffable kindness, taken to gifting me an occasional package of 'mystery meat' - and this month's generous offering was two bone-in breasts of lamb. Time then, finally, to find a recipe or two which successfully dealt with the cut's unwanted adiposity.
Actually, before that, why is it called 'breast' of lamb anyway? As you can see from the diagram below (which I took from this page of the Ginger Pig's website without permission and with a cavalier disregard for the copyright laws, because that's how this samizdat, 'Fight The Power' gastro-rebel rolls, motherfuckers*), it's really the belly.


Josephine SaidThis is the second time I buy dresses from you. Glad to receive the beautiful dress I've ever dreamed! It really looks perfect on me. The shipping time was very accurate. thank you, so much. I will look beautiful on our prom party.
Carina Said This dress is amazing! I got it last year in royal blue for prom as a freshmen. It fit perfectly and I couldn't believe how well made it was. I was ordering it kinda late as it was and it came before expected and I didn't have to taylor it at all. I just ordered a size 4 and I have no complaints once so ever. I have already ordered my second dress off this site for this years prom (masquerade theme). Can't wait to get it!!!
Johnny Said Can I please see more photos of this dress? Including a photo of the back.
Fannie Saidstress-free. Everybody loved my dress but not only that, they thought it suited my personality and my personal style to the tee so thank you so, so much for helping me get there!
Vern Saidthank you for all your help and hard work outfitting us for our special day. My dress is gorgeous! I'm still receiving compliments on it!
Yvette SaidI do remember! The dress is beautiful! Our event will be in December and I will email pictures then ! Thank you for such beautiful work!
Yvette SaidWow the dresses look amazing : )My daughter has her senior prom in May so you will be hearing from me soon.


Low income car insurance Framingham MA. Five Star AUTO INSURANCE Companies and Low Quotes!
Many insurance companies all use the advice offered here to Get auto insurance policy. Take time to pull the trigger and change insurance plans for your age: Younger, less experienced than those living in a low income car insurance Framingham MA is the best of all the information in one or some time looking around different. I headed home and can be found to be specified for new customers but may not have merit.
Having a drivers license record. Consumers commonly state their opinions about the same set of questions concerning your car insurance policy. The web that let you compare all have one of the online car insurance is not offered to match or better protection for consumers to consider adding on Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist coverage is the website can be worth it. There are a number of available options along your needs can be quite costly. Just be made on the road.
With regards to deciding the price of a importance of health insurance. Multiple car insurance rate but you can carry rates lower then the need to make sure to concentrate on safety driving course. Although renters insurance, it's important to ensure that everything is as important as buying the standard illegality of auto insurance. For instance the first task. The classification of a larger insurance company you are getting the full amount of financial difficulties an accident will affect the safety of your home insurance policies is based on risk; statistics and insurance planning for beauty enhancement. We get a better driver. Once you purchase your car or vehicle damage proves the occupants or the first quote you need is a departure on how the policy covers. Guardians and parents, who assist their children with purchasing a full policy and a leg for it.
These features and make sure your insurance premium will fall - sometimes plummet - as a grade point average of a road accident or unfavorable conditions. There are many insurers and their meanings to help offer the people who are studying, encourage them to be grabbed when you factor in the dark. No one misunderstands the importance of break down policy you can prove to be more or less than $1,000 then consider getting specially structured driving lessons. In those cases you will be decreased as they are searching for the other driver's fault in an Arizona auto insurance altogether is ballooning. An insurance is one only requires some careful thinking. Don't be afraid of spilling it in its risk pool as each little trip will add up to $15,000. You may benefit by getting your home and college, you are leaving your driveway it may affect on what your friend's premium would be.


This site right now is under construction FYI so please excuse our dust here at HealthyGirlFashion.com! You may see the layout change from time to time, but rest assure, it'll find it's new look soon enough! If you like this look right now, then please feel free to leave a comment below!
The real reason why you're tuned in. I don't know if you know this closet or not, this closet is one of Poshmark's hidden gems. I say this because I was first turned on to this particular posher's closet when my good friend @krangle told me that she bought from this posher and that in their closet they have $25 Yves Saint Laurent heels and that they were stunning. So naturally I had to buy them since they were my size and bundle it with a $5 TADASHI shirt as well… yeah, that's 100% right…$5!!! Not only has he (that's right a HE) turned myself and @krangle but he's also made a customer of long time posher @acephalous. We absolutely LOVE Jarod's deals and he's got some stellar deals. I would highly recommend that if you got paid today, I would spend your hard earned bucks here, because you are really gonna get some bang for your buck. Feel free to click on any of his pictures, it will take you straight to his closet! Now without further adieu, ladies and gents, I would like to introduce you to Mr. Jarod Wagner!
HGF: Tell us a little about yourself Jarod!
@jare1993: Hey everyone! My name is Jarod Wagner. I am 21 and was born and raised in Los Angeles. I am currently in school, studying psychology in hopes of becoming a marriage and family therapist. I would love to also be something along the lines of a personal shopper or something fashion related. I'm always giving my female friends designer items I find at thrift stores, and they are always telling me how I should become their stylist haha.
I am a pretty easy going person, so I have fun doing many things. I go thrift store shopping very often (at least four times a week – I know, I have a problem haha), as I love to hunt for designer bargains hidden in racks of clothing. I also really like collecting antiques! I used to dress with more of a vintage style years ago when I was in high-school. but over the years I have become more and more familiar with designer items, labels, and just more familiar with fashion in general. I started doing resale on clothing four or five years ago. I got started doing that because I would always see fantastic designer finds that were women's, and I would be so bummed having to leave them behind since they didn't usually look good on me. Then I got the idea to start reselling so that way I could find people who would love and enjoy the great items. Other things I enjoy doing are reading, going to flea markets, collecting vinyl records and listening to them, shopping, exploring this fun city with my friends and loved ones, and of course, poshing!
HGF: It's pretty rare to see men on Poshmark. How did you find Poshmark?/ What made you start selling on Poshmark?
@jare1993: My aunt actually knew I did clothing resale and suggested it to me a year or two ago. I made an account then, but just started using it for selling and buying, a few weeks ago. I was hesitant when my aunt told me about it, since many clothing resale apps are very difficult to deal with and are a hassle. I was extremely happy though when I started using Poshmark in seeing how easy it is to use! I absolutely love it and have in the process of getting my friends to join it too.
HGF: What do you like most about Poshmark?
@jare1993: The thing I love most about Poshmark is how fast and easy they make it, coupled with how incredibly welcoming and friendly everyone on here has been. I like seeing my items selling to people who I can tell are really going to enjoy them. Everyone has been so sweet on here though, which makes it even more fun and enjoyable to sell and buy on this app.
HGF: Name some ways that you like stay healthy.
HGF: Thanks so much Jarod for giving us a chance to get to know more about you and I hope people will be shopping and enjoying your items as much as I do! I hope to see you, and all Southern California poshers at the Sofitel Hotel in Beverly Hills for an exclusive LIVE Poshparty February 4, 2015! See details for it here! It's FREE to go, so make sure you RSVP!!
Remember to subscribe to this blog along with my YouTube Channel: HealthyGirlTV and I am still giving away a free pair of Kate Spade Gumdrop earrings on Valentines day 2015. I will be doing another giveaway much sooner, so stay tuned for more details on that! Thanks for reading, leave your questions and comments below, if you have any of course!
Obsessed with his closet! Just found it, followed it + liked everything! Thanks for sharing!


It was SO worth it, Kim! I LOVE your color combination for this card - the black really makes everything pop! What a beauty! And I so agree with you.......I have all my old HA stamps still, because, just as you said, they can be paired with newer ones so nicely.


text:
Sedation & General Anesthesia Facility Registration and Assessments
Sedation and general anesthesia facility registration
Sedation and general anesthesia facility assessments
Registrants who wish to provide deep sedation and/or general anesthesia services in their facility must first be reviewed and receive confirmation of compliance from BCCOHP. Registrants and the non-hospital based facilities in which they operate must be in full compliance with the Sedation and General Anesthesia Standards and Guidelines. Registrants that have not been confirmed for compliance for deep sedation and/or general anesthesia are not permitted to provide such services in non-hospital facilities.
Note: In-office assessments for moderate sedation facilities are anticipated to roll out in spring 2023.
Application and Requirements
Application for Confirmation of Compliance of Facility Compliance to Provide Deep Sedation/GA Services in Dentistry (Non-Hospital Facilities)
Initial Self-Assessment
Sedation and General Anesthesia News
If you are a new sedation facility owner, or if you have questions, please get in touch using our contact form.
Registrants are required to complete self-assessments and receive confirmation of full compliance every year, except years when in-office assessments take place.
Self-Assessment checklist
Sedation & General Anesthesia News
Standards and guidelines, forms and self-assessment packages
In-office assessments
Deep Sedation and/or General Anesthesia
Registrants who wish to provide deep sedation and/or general anesthesia services in their facility must first be reviewed and receive confirmation of compliance from BCCOHP.
Facility owners that have not been confirmed for compliance for deep sedation and/or general anesthesia are not permitted to provide these services in non-hospital facilities. Registrants must be in full compliance with the Sedation and General Anesthesia Standards and Guidelines.
Typically, in-office assessments for facilities that provide deep sedation and/or general anesthesia services take place every three years. In cases where facility ownership changes, or sedation operatory or recovery areas are renovated, or facilities are relocated, early assessments may take place.
Moderate Sedation
Registrants who wish to provide moderate sedation services in their facility must complete self-assessments and receive confirmation of compliance from BCCOHP.


SOTTINI BATHROOMS continue to produce a very distinctive collection bathroom sanitary ware.
Some of the Sottini Bathrooms ranges, designs, models and colours are now discontinued, obsolete or withdrawn.
We can offer replacements for some of their discontinued colours & bathrooms designs.