text:
\section{Experimental setup and methodology}
\label{sec: Experimental setup and methodology}
\subsection{The RPWELL detector}
\label{sec: RPWELL detector}

The THGEM electrode used in this work was 10$\times$10~cm$^2$ in size, manufactured  by 0.5~mm diameter hole-drilling in a 0.8~mm thick FR4 plate, copper-clad on one side only. The holes were arranged in a square lattice with a pitch of 0.96~mm; 0.1~mm wide rims were chemically etched around the holes. The hole-diameter, electrode thickness and rim width were chosen based on previous optimization studies~\cite{Shalem06}. Based on the results in~\cite{Rubin_RPWELL13}, the single-sided electrode was coupled to an 8$\times$8 matrix of 1$\times$1~cm$^2$ pads through a 10$\times$10~cm$^2$ Semitron ESD225\footnote{http://www.quadrantplastics.com} static dissipative plastic plate machined to a thickness of 0.4~mm. The bulk resistivity of this material was measured in~\cite{Rubin_RPWELL13} to be 2$\times$10$^9$~$\Omega$cm.
Good electrical contact between the resistive plate and the readout pads is essential for efficient clearance of the avalanche electrons from the bottom of the resistive material. This was ensured as follows: the bottom side of the plastic was first painted uniformly with conductive silver paint (Demetron Leitsilber 200\footnote{http://www.tedpella.com/technote\textunderscore html/16062\textunderscore TN.pdf}), then, a grid matching the readout pad structure was milled over its surface to avoid charge spread to neighboring pads. Each anode readout pad was glued with conductive epoxy (Circuit Works\footnote{https://www.chemtronics.com/descriptions/document/Cw2400tds.pdf}) to the corresponding painted silver-pad on the resistive plate. Sections of the readout pad electrode and of the matching conductive pads painted on the resistive plate are shown in figure~\ref{fig: anode}-a and ~\ref{fig: anode}-b respectively.
On the basis of our previous experience with THGEM detector operation in neon mixtures, offering high attainable gas gain at relatively low operation potentials~\cite{Cortesi09, Azevedo10}, the detector was operated in \ensuremath{\mathrm{Ne/(5\%CH_4)}}, at a gas flow of 25-50 cc/min. At atmospheric pressure and room temperature, the most probable value (MPV) of the Landau distribution for cosmic muons corresponds to a total number of $\sim$14 ionization electrons along their track in the present 5~mm drift gap; this has been estimated in the laboratory from the ratio between the mean value of the peak of $^{55}$Fe x-rays and the MPV measured for cosmics, and is in accordance with the literature~\cite{Sauli77}.
The electrodes were biased with individual HV power-supply CAEN A1833P and A1821N boards, remotely controlled with a CAEN SY2527 unit. The voltage and current in each channel were monitored and stored. All HV inputs were connected through low-pass filters. While the RPWELL bias with respect to the grounded anode ($\Delta$V$_{RPWELL}$) was varied throughout the experiment, the drift voltage was kept constant ($\Delta$V$_{drift}$= 250~V corresponding to a drift field of $\sim$0.5~kV/cm).

\begin{figure}[ht]
\begin{subfigure}{0.5\linewidth}
\caption{}
\includegraphics[scale=0.26]{anode_pads.eps}
\end{subfigure}\hfill
\begin{subfigure}{0.5\linewidth}
\caption{}
\includegraphics[scale=0.21]{semitron_layer_pads.eps}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{Readout 1$\times$1 cm$^2$ anode pads (a) and the matching silver-painted resistive-plate segmentation (b).}\label{fig: anode}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Trigger, tracking and DAQ system}
\label{sec: trigger, tracking and DAQ}

The external trigger system used for event selection is described in~\cite{Karakostas10}; it comprised three 10$\times$10~cm$^2$ scintillators arranged in coincidence. The particle-tracking system, covering a total area of 6$\times$6~cm$^2$, comprised three MICROMEGAS detectors. The RPWELL chamber was placed between two tracker elements. The tracker signals, as well as those recorded from the 64 pads of the RPWELL detector were read out by an SRS readout system ~\cite{Martoiu13} equipped with a single Front-end Concentrator and front-end APV25 hybrids~\cite{Martoiu11}. The SRS data acquisition was triggered by the scintillators coincidence signal. For each triggered event, the amplitude of the analog waveform (sampled in 20 bins of 25~ns each) in each channel was stored; this occurred only for signals crossing a threshold set by a zero-order suppression requirement, as described in section~\ref{sec: analysis framework}. The mmDAQ\footnote{Developed by M.Z.D. Byszewski (marcin.byszewski@cern.ch)} online data acquisition software  was used to store the synchronized data on a PC for further analysis.

The APV25 chip~\cite{APV25}, originally designed for the silicon tracking detectors in CMS, has high
rate capability and low noise. It was operated with a 75~ns shaping time. Due to the low noise level and high sensitivity of the chip, gas gains of the order of few times 10$^3$ are typically sufficient for efficient operation of the detector. As shown in~\cite{Arazi13_2, Rubin_RPWELL13} the rise-time of a typical signal of single-sided THGEM detectors in a WELL configuration is $\sim$1-2~$\mu$s. It comprises a fast component (up to 100~ns in \ensuremath{\mathrm{Ne/(5\%CH_4)}}) and a slow one arising from the motion of avalanche ions inside the hole; the latter carries typically about 80$\%$ of the total amplitude. Since the APV25 was operated with 75~ns shaping time, less than 20$\%$ of the total induced signal was collected, requiring the operation of the detector with gas gains of the order of 10$^4$. In what follows we relate to the effective gain, which includes the effect of the short shaping time. This effective gain, estimated from the Landau MPV (section~\ref{sec: RPWELL detector}), is roughly an order of magnitude smaller than the gas gain.

\subsection{Analysis framework}
\label{sec: analysis framework}

The analysis framework, including the noise suppression and the clustering algorithms are described in details in~\cite{Bressler13}. A common zero-order suppression factor (ZSF) sets the threshold of all APV25 channels. For each event the signal in an individual channel is stored only if the following condition is fulfilled:

\begin{equation*}
S > ZSF \cdot (P_{\sigma}\cdot n_{bins})
\end{equation*}

Here S is the sum of the ADC counts in all of the n$_{bins}$ time bins after pedestal subtraction, and P$_{\sigma}$ is the pedestal standard deviation.

The global detector efficiency was defined as the fraction of tracks matched to a cluster found not more than W~[mm] away from the track trajectory in both x and y directions. The single-event multiplicity was defined as the number of pads in the matched cluster. The average pad multiplicity was defined as the average of the single-event multiplicity. A ZSF of 2 and cluster-track matching parameter W value of 15~mm were found optimal for both muons and pions. We emphasize that in the case of muons a value of W= 8~mm is sufficient for optimal performance. This point, as well as the optimization procedure are described in section~\ref{sec: threshold optimization and cluster-track matching}.
The detector's discharge probability was defined as the number of discharges divided by the number of hits in the active region of the detector (i.e., in the total area covered by the crossing beam). The number of discharges was extracted directly from the power supply log files by counting the resulting spikes in the current monitor. The pion beam was narrower (a maximum area of 4$\times$3~cm$^2$) than both the acceptance of the scintillators and the tracker detectors. Therefore, the number of pion hits in the active region of the detector was estimated as the number of events where the three scintillators fired in coincidence. Due to the low rate of the muon beam, only pion runs were used to estimate the discharge probability. One should note that pions are prone to induce highly-ionizing secondary events; thus our study yielded an upper limit of MIP-induced discharge probability.

\subsection{Working point: $\Delta$V$_{RPWELL}$, threshold and matching parameter}
\label{sec: threshold optimization and cluster-track matching}

The working point was adjusted to optimize the detector performance, targeting high detection efficiency at low average pad multiplicity. The latter is a requirement for particle counting, e.g. in a potential application of the RPWELL as a sampling element in Digital Hadron Calorimetry (DHCAL)~\cite{Arazi12}. The optimization was done in three steps using a set of measurements with $\sim$500~Hz/cm$^2$ wide (5$\times$5~cm$^2$) muon beam and a $\sim$13000~Hz/cm$^2$ narrow (2$\times$2~cm$^2$) pion beam. In both beams, only tracks hitting the detector in a 4$\times$4~cm$^2$ area around the beam center were considered.
\paragraph{Step 1: Choosing the nominal RPWELL operation voltage, $\Delta$V$_{RPWELL}$ - }
Figure~\ref{fig: HV scan} shows the global detector efficiency as a function of $\Delta$V$_{RPWELL}$ for different ZSF values measured in the muon beam. A constant matching parameter W= 8~mm was used. As can be seen in the figure, the global efficiency is already in a plateau at $\Delta$V$_{RPWELL}$= 880~V for all ZSF values applied here. Hence $\Delta$V$_{RPWELL}$= 880~V was selected as the nominal operation voltage. At the incoming particle fluxes used in this measurement, the effective gain (see section~\ref{sec: trigger, tracking and DAQ}) at this operation voltage is $\sim$1700.

\paragraph{Step 2: Setting the nominal threshold (ZSF) - } Operating at $\Delta$V$_{RPWELL}$= 880~V, figure~\ref{fig: ZSF at WP} shows the global detector efficiency as a function of the average pad multiplicity for different ZSF values measured in a muon beam. Targeting high detection efficiency at low average pad multiplicity, and since similar detection efficiency was recorded with all the ZSF values tested here, the threshold was set at ZSF= 2. Potential bias of the efficiency measurement due to noise hits was estimated in dedicated noise runs. In these runs the data was collected between spills using a clock as a random-like trigger. Processing this runs with a low threshold of ZSF= 0.7, the probability to measure a noise hit in an event was $\sim$10$^{-4}$ which has a negligible effect on the efficiency even with large matching parameter.

\paragraph{Step 3: Fixing the nominal track-cluster matching parameter - } The global detection efficiency as a function of the average pad multiplicity is shown in figures~\ref{fig: W scan}-a and~\ref{fig: W scan}-b for different matching parameter values (W described in~\ref{sec: analysis framework}) as measured in muon and pion beams respectively. The detector was operated at the nominal voltage ($\Delta$V$_{RPWELL}$= 880~V) and the analysis was performed with the nominal threshold (ZSF= 2) chosen above. Using the same matching parameter, lower efficiency is recorded in the pion beam compared to that measured with muons. As can be seen, at larger W values most of this apparent efficiency loss is restored and the detection efficiency reaches a plateau. This indicates that in the pion beam the cluster position is more often found farther away from the track position. This behavior could be explained by secondary particles originating from the incoming pion interactions, affecting the calculated cluster position. This interpretation is also supported by the slightly higher multiplicity recorded with pions compared to that with muons. Targeting high detection efficiency at low average pad multiplicity, the matching parameter was fixed at W= 15~mm for both muons and pions.

\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{ZSFscan-effVShv_W8_mu.eps}
\caption{The global detector efficiency as a function of the $\Delta$V$_{RPWELL}$ for different ZSF values.}\label{fig: HV scan}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{ZSFscan-effVSmult_W8_mu.eps}\caption{The global detection efficiency as a function of the average pad multiplicity for different ZSF. The detector bias was kept at the nominal value $\Delta$V$_{RPWELL}$= 880~V.}
\label{fig: ZSF at WP}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht]
\begin{subfigure}{0.5\linewidth}
\caption{}\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{Wscan-effVSmult_ZSF20_mu.eps}
\end{subfigure}\hfill
\begin{subfigure}{0.5\linewidth}
\caption{}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{Wscan-effVSmult_ZSF20_pi.eps}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{The global detection efficiency as a function of the average pad multiplicity for different matching parameter values W. The detector bias was kept at the nominal value $\Delta$V$_{RPWELL}$= 880~V. The analysis was conducted with the nominal thresholds, ZSF= 2 with low rate ($\sim$500~Hz/cm$^2$) muons (a) and high rate ($\sim$13000~Hz/cm$^2$) pions (b). }
\label{fig: W scan}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht]
\begin{subfigure}{0.5\linewidth}
\caption{}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{Wcsan-effVSdist_ZSF20_mu.eps}
\end{subfigure}\hfill
\begin{subfigure}{0.5\linewidth}
\caption{}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{Wscan-multVSdist_ZSF20_mu.eps}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{The detection efficiency (a) and the average pad multiplicity (b) as a function of the distance from the pad boundaries along one axis on the detector plane. The detector was operated at the nominal conditions under a $\sim$500~Hz/cm$^2$ muon beam. }
\label{fig: local eff and mult}
\end{figure}
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec: Introduction}

The Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM) was first introduced as a simple, robust detector suitable for applications requiring large detection areas~\cite{Chechick04}. Presently, THGEM-based detectors are being developed and employed in a large variety of basic and applied fields~\cite{Breskin09}. Examples are CsI-coated cascaded-THGEM UV-photon detectors~\cite{Chechick05, Azevedo10} for Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) devices, advantageously replacing wire-chambers~\cite{Alexeev10, Breskin11, Peskov10, Alexeev12, Alexeev14}; cryogenic gas-avalanche detectors~\cite{Buzulutskov12} developed for charge readout in the vapor phase of noble liquid Time Projection Chambers (TPCs) for neutrino physics and rare-event searches~\cite{Resnati11, Bondar12}; cryogenic gaseous photomultipliers (GPM)~\cite{Arazi15} for UV-photon detection in dark matter experiments, medical imaging~\cite{Duval11} and neutron/gamma imaging in cargo inspection systems~\cite{Breskin12, Israelashvili15}; fast-neutron detectors with dedicated converter-foils~\cite{Cortesi12, Cortesi13}; and low-pressure helium-filled detectors for charged-particle track recording in an Active Target TPC~\cite{Cortesi15}. Recent studies have also demonstrated the use of THGEMs immersed in liquid xenon as Liquid Hole Multipliers (LHM)~\cite{Breskin13, Arazi_1_15, Erdal15} developed for recording both scintillation photons and ionization electrons in noble-liquid detectors, with possible applications in future dark matter and neutrino experiments.  Lastly, thin THGEM-based sampling elements are under development by our group for potential application in digital hadronic calorimeters (DHCAL) in future linear-collider experiments~\cite{Arazi12, Arazi13, Bressler13}.
The wide interest in THGEM-based detectors has resulted in the development of production techniques and concepts (for example~\cite{Liu13, Alexeev13}), including the use of resistive films and materials for reducing the effects of occasional discharges~\cite{Bressler_1_13, Peskov07, Charpak09}. In this context, the experience gained with various configurations of THGEM-based DHCAL sampling elements with resistive anodes~\cite{Arazi12, Arazi13_2} has led to the development of a particularly promising candidate - the Resistive-Plate WELL (RPWELL)~\cite{Rubin_RPWELL13}. The RPWELL is a single-sided (i.e. copper-clad on one side only) THGEM electrode, coupled to a segmented readout anode (e.g. pads or strips) through a plate made of material of high bulk resistivity (figure~\ref{fig: RPWELL configuration}). Extensive laboratory studies of the RPWELL~\cite{Rubin_RPWELL13} demonstrated discharge-free operation at high gas-avalanche gains and over a broad ionization range, making the RPWELL concept suitable for the detection of minimum- as well as highly ionizing particles. In~\cite{Rubin_RPWELL13} it was also shown that RPWELL detectors comprising resistive materials with a bulk resistivity of $\sim$10$^9$~$\Omega$cm do not suffer from a significant gain drop - and hence efficiency drop - under high particle flux. In this work we present the first results of RPWELL-detector evaluation with 150 GeV muon and pion beams, conducted at the CERN SPS/H4 RD51 beam-line. Compared to previously tested THGEM-based configurations~\cite{Arazi12, Arazi13, Bressler13}, we show that this very thin (6.2~mm excluding readout electronics) single-stage detector configuration maintains discharge-free operation under muon beams, as well as under high-rate pion beams, while no degradation in the performance is observed. This robust discharge-free behavior in a single-stage - rather than cascaded - configuration, has a major advantage in terms of production costs, thus making the RPWELL highly promising for applications requiring large detection area such as DHCAL, where the instrumented area will be of the order of 4000-7000~m$^2$~\cite{ILC}.

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.3]{Configurations.eps}
\caption{The RPWELL configuration. The WELL, a single-sided THGEM, is coupled to a readout anode (e.g. with strips or pads) via a resistive-material plate.}
\end{figure}\label{fig: RPWELL configuration}

\section{Summary and discussion}
\label{sec: Summary and discussion}

The results of a first in-beam study of an RPWELL detector with a Semitron ESD225 resistive plate were presented. This thin, single-stage detector was operated with \ensuremath{\mathrm{Ne/(5\%CH_4)}} at variable incoming muon and pion fluxes.
High detection efficiency (greater than 99$\%$) at low average pad multiplicity ($\sim$1.21) were demonstrated as well as stable operation over time. Discharge-free operation was recorded for the first time with a single-stage THGEM-based detector under pion flux as high as $\sim$15000~Hz/cm$^2$ at a global detection efficiency greater than 98$\%$, maintained throughout the entire measurement. No electrical instabilities were observed over more than 10$^8$ pion events, resulting in recorded discharge probability lower than 10$^{-8}$ in the hadronic beam.

These results could be compared to previous studies conducted with other THGEM-based detector configurations; single- and double-stage THGEM detectors operated with an induction gap~\cite{Arazi12} and single- and double-stage detectors based on the Segmented Resistive WELL concept~\cite{Arazi13, Bressler13}. The RPWELL detector presents similar or better performance in terms of detection efficiency and pad multiplicity with the major advantage of being completely discharge free.

Compared to other technologies explored under similar conditions, the performance of the 10$\times$10~cm$^2$ RPWELL  detector reported in this work, with respect to detection efficiency and pad multiplicity, is better than that of 1$\times$1~m$^2$ RPCs~\cite{Bilki08, Affatigato15} and 30$\times$30~cm$^2$ GEM detectors~\cite{Yu12} and similar to that of 1$\times$1~m$^2$ MICROMEGAS~\cite{Adloff09, Chefdeville14}.

These results pave the way towards robust, efficient large-scale detectors for applications requiring economic solutions at moderate spatial and energy resolutions. For these purposes, other resistive materials as well as different gas mixtures may be considered.

\section{Results}
\label{sec: Results}

\subsection{Global and local detection efficiency and average pad multiplicity}
\label{sec: Detection efficiency and pad multiplicity}

Under a low-rate ($\sim$500~Hz/cm$^2$) muon beam and nominal operation conditions, a global detection efficiency greater than 99$\%$ at an average pad multiplicity of 1.21 was recorded (figure~\ref{fig: W scan}-a). Under higher rate ($\sim$13000~Hz/cm$^2$) pion beam and the same nominal operation conditions, the performance of the detector was similar; a global detection efficiency greater than 98$\%$ at an average pad multiplicity of 1.23 (figure~\ref{fig: W scan}-b).
In figure~\ref{fig: local eff and mult} the detection efficiency (figure~\ref{fig: local eff and mult}-a) and the average pad multiplicity (figure~\ref{fig: local eff and mult}-b) as a function of the distance from the pad boundaries along one axis on the detector plane are shown for operation with $\sim$500~Hz/cm$^2$ muons. The detector was operated at the nominal operation conditions. While the local efficiency is uniform, higher multiplicity is seen to originate from muons traversing the detector close to the pad boundaries resulting in charge sharing between neighboring pads.

\subsection{Performance under low and high incoming particle fluxes}
\label{sec: rate dependence}

In~\cite{Rubin_RPWELL13}, it was shown that the gain dependence on the counting rate was moderate for an RPWELL configuration similar to the one investigated here (0.6~mm thick ESD225 layer, bulk resistivity of $\sim$10$^9$~$\Omega$cm). A gain drop of $\sim$30$\%$ was observed at a counting rate spanning over 4 orders of magnitude.  This study was repeated here with a 5$\times$5~cm$^2$ muon beam, with the lowest flux of $\sim$500~Hz/cm$^2$, and with a narrow (2$\times$3 to 4$\times$3~cm$^2$) pion beam, reaching 35000~Hz/cm$^2$.
The Landau spectra measured at three different incoming particle fluxes are shown in figure~\ref{fig: Rate Landau}. The detector was operated at the nominal operation voltage, $\Delta$V$_{RPWELL}$= 880~V. The spectra recorded at higher incoming particle flux are shifted towards lower charge values. The measured charge - estimated from the Landau MPV - is shown in figure~\ref{fig: Rate eff MPV}-a as a function of the incoming particle flux. The global detection efficiency as a function of the incoming particle flux is shown, for the same set of measurements, in figure~\ref{fig: Rate eff MPV}-b. A gain drop of $\sim$23$\%$ is noticeable over a counting-rate spanning over more than 2 orders of magnitude; this is in reasonable agreement with the gain drop reported in~\cite{Rubin_RPWELL13} at a similar gain for the same flux of soft x-rays. Over the same range of incoming particle flux, the global detection efficiency dropped by $\sim$5$\%$ from over 99$\%$ to $\sim$95$\%$ by increasing the flux from $\sim$500~Hz/cm$^2$ to 35000~Hz/cm$^2$ (figure~\ref{fig: Rate eff MPV}-b). This drop in the detection efficiency could be avoided by setting the nominal operation voltage slightly higher than 880~V, still maintaining a discharge-free operation as shown in section~\ref{sec: gain stability in time} and~\ref{sec: discharge probability}.

\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{RateScan_spectra.eps}
\caption{Landau spectra measured at three different incoming particle fluxes. The detector bias was kept at the nominal voltage $\Delta$V$_{RPWELL}$= 880~V. The analysis was conducted with the nominal settings, ZSF= 2, W= 15~mm.}
\label{fig: Rate Landau}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht]
\begin{subfigure}{0.5\linewidth}
\caption{}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{ratescan_MPV_W20.eps}
\end{subfigure}\hfill
\begin{subfigure}{0.5\linewidth}
\caption{}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{ratescan_eff_W20.eps}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{Measured charge (a) and global detection efficiency (b) as a function of the incoming particle flux. }
\label{fig: Rate eff MPV}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Gain stability over time}
\label{sec: gain stability in time}

The detected charge as a function of time is shown in figure~\ref{fig: Gain stability} for measurements carried out with low-rate ($\sim$500~Hz/cm$^2$) muons and high rate ($\sim$15000~Hz/cm$^2$) pions. The detector was operated under the nominal operation voltage with muons while with pions the voltage was increased to $\Delta$V$_{RPWELL}$= 900~V (corresponding to an effective gain of $\sim$3000) to compensate for the slight gain drop with the high-rate pions (section~\ref{sec: rate dependence}). No significant gain variations were observed along the six hours of operation under the muon beam (figure~\ref{fig: Gain stability}-a) (RMS= 0.2~fC), and the two hours of operation under the pion beam (figure~\ref{fig: Gain stability}-b) (RMS= 0.1~fC).  The measurement with muons showed a global detection efficiency of 99$\%$ at an average pad multiplicity of 1.2, while the pion beam showed a global efficiency of  more than 98$\%$ at an average multiplicity of 1.25. As explained earlier, this small efficiency loss could be partially recovered selecting a higher matching parameter W, as also indicated by the slightly higher multiplicity.

\begin{figure}[ht]
\begin{subfigure}{0.5\linewidth}
\caption{}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{stability_MPV_mu.eps}
\end{subfigure}\hfill
\begin{subfigure}{0.5\linewidth}
\caption{}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{stability_MPV_pi.eps}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{Gain stability over time with low rate ($\sim$500~Hz/cm$^2$) muons (a) and high rate ($\sim$15000~Hz/cm$^2$) pions (b).}
\label{fig: Gain stability}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Discharge probability}
\label{sec: discharge probability}

As mentioned in section~\ref{sec: analysis framework}, a discharge was defined as an abrupt increase in the current supplied to the detector. Due to the low rate of the muon beam, the discharge probability was measured with pions. As an example, during the 1.5 hours of  measurement presented in figure~\ref{fig: Gain stability}-b, no current activity was recorded on any of the detector electrodes. At an incoming particle flux of $\sim$15000~Hz/cm$^2$, this corresponds to discharge-free operation with over 10$^8$ pions resulting in a discharge probability of less than 10$^{-8}$. It is worthwhile mentioning that under these conditions the detector had over 98$\%$ global detection efficiency. One should also note that pions are prone to induce highly-ionizing secondary events; thus this study yields an upper limit of discharge probability with MIPs. Similar behavior was recorded throughout longer periods, supporting the claim that the RPWELL is a discharge-free detector.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
import { Vector } from '../../Math/vector';
import { Component } from '../Component';

export interface Motion {
  /**
   * The velocity of an entity in pixels per second
   */
  vel: Vector;

  /**
   * The acceleration of entity in pixels per second^2
   */
  acc: Vector;

  /**
   * The scale rate of change in scale units per second
   */
  scaleFactor: Vector;

  /**
   * The angular velocity which is how quickly the entity is rotating in radians per second
   */
  angularVelocity: number;

  /**
   * The amount of torque applied to the entity, angular acceleration is torque * inertia
   */
  torque: number;

  /**
   * Inertia can be thought of as the resistance to motion
   */
  inertia: number;
}

export class MotionComponent extends Component<'ex.motion'> {
  public readonly type = 'ex.motion';

  /**
   * The velocity of an entity in pixels per second
   */
  public vel: Vector = Vector.Zero;

  /**
   * The acceleration of entity in pixels per second^2
   */
  public acc: Vector = Vector.Zero;

  /**
   * The scale rate of change in scale units per second
   */
  public scaleFactor: Vector = Vector.Zero;

  /**
   * The angular velocity which is how quickly the entity is rotating in radians per second
   */
  public angularVelocity = 0;

  /**
   * The amount of torque applied to the entity, angular acceleration is torque * inertia
   */
  public torque: number = 0;

  /**
   * Inertia can be thought of as the resistance to motion
   */
  public inertia: number = 1;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Trends Watch
by PCQ Bureau	January 3, 2012 0 comments
When you turn on your machine in the morning, you probably remember something like 'Kolaveri Di' that's making noise all around and end up heading over to Google to find and download it. Here's the story of the Google boys.
[image_library_tag 462/62462, border="0″ align="right" hspace="4″ vspace="4″ ,default]
Google: Larry Page & Sergey Brin
Such is the strength of this brand that 'googling' has become synonymous for searching on the Web. Larry Page and Sergey Brin together known as 'Google Boys' jointly formed Google in 1998 while working on SDLP (Stanford Digital Library Project) at Stanford. The aim of SDLP was to formulate a single integrated and universal digital library, and while working on this project Larry Page considered mathematical properties of World Wide Web and understanding its link structure which eventually led to Google Beta.Page holds a Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering from the University of Michigan with honors and a Master of Science in Computer Science from Stanford University. While at the University of Michigan, "Page created an inkjet printer made of Lego bricks".
Brin was born in Moscow but when he was six, his family felt compelled to immigrate to the US. His father, a professor in the deptt of Mathematics at the University of Maryland, nurtured his interest in Mathematics. In September 1990, Brin enrolled in the University of Maryland to study Computer Science and Mathematics, where he received his Bachelor of Science in May 1993 with honors. Brin began his graduate study in Computer Science at Stanford University.[image_library_tag 463/62463, alt="" hspace="4″ vspace="4″ border="0″ align="right" ,default]
'Send me a friend request', Poke, 'Like me'… all these have become an integral part of our modern day conversation. Facebook, the social media site that is used by millions worldwide has changed how we socialize.
Facebook : Mark Zuckerberg
If search is to Google then socialize is to Facebook. So strong are the numbers associated with this social media site that it has affected about a billion lives' on earth. Zuckerberg began using computers and writing software as a child in middle school. His father taught him Atari BASIC Programming in the 1990s, and later hired software developer David Newman to tutor him privately. He enjoyed developing computer programs, especially communication tools and games. In one such program, since his father's dental practice was done from their home, he built a software program called "ZuckNet," which allowed all computers between the house and dental office to communicate by pinging each other. During Zuckerberg's high school years, under the company name Intelligent Media Group, he built a music player called the Synapse Media Player that used artificial intelligence to learn the user's listening habits, which was posted to Slashdot and received a rating of 3 out of 5 from PC Magazine. Microsoft and AOL tried to purchase Synapse and recruit Zuckerberg, but he chose instead to enroll at Harvard University in September 2002. He created a different program called Facemash that lets students select the best looking person from a choice of photos. Zuckerberg launched Facebook from his Harvard dormitory room on February 4, 2004. Today, it has more than 800 million active users.[image_library_tag 465/62465, alt="" hspace="4″ vspace="4″ border="0″ align="right" ,default]
'Let's tweet about', 'what is trending' these phrases might not have made any sense few years back. So strong is this channel of communication that there are people we have become tweet addictive. But how many of us know about Jack Dorsey.
Twitter: Jack Dorsey
It is fascinating to know that Twitter's origin lies in a "daylong brainstorming session" held by board members of the podcasting company Odeo. Dorsey had the idea for a Web-based real-time status/short message communication service which later became Twitter. Dorsey grew up in St. Louis, Missouri, and by age 13, he had become interested in dispatch routing. Some of the open source software he created in the area of dispatch logistics is still used by many taxi cab companies. When he first saw implementations of instant messaging, Dorsey had wondered if the software's user status output could be shared among friends easily. He approached Odeo, who at the time happened to be interested in text messaging. Dorsey introduced the idea of an individual using an SMS service to communicate with a small group. Dorsey and Biz Stone decided that SMS text suited the status message idea, and built a prototype of Twitter in about two weeks. The idea attracted many users at Odeo and investment from Evan Williams who had left Google after selling them Pyra Labs and Blogger. Today twitter has more than 300 million active users generating 300 million tweets and about 1.6 billion search queries in a day.
The word 'Encyclopedia' has been replaced by 'Wikipedia' in our vocabulary. This change is because of shear presence of the world's most popular online reference site. We all 'wiki' about things we want to know more about.
Wikipedia: Jimmy Wales[image_library_tag 469/62469, alt="" hspace="4″ vspace="4″ border="0″ align="right" ,default]
Jimmy Wales, born in Huntsville, Alabama is an American Internet entrepreneur best known as a co-founder and promoter of the online non-profit encyclopedia Wikipedia and the Wikia company. He received his bachelor's degree in finance from Auburn University. Wales then entered the Ph.D. finance program at the University of Alabama. During his graduation, he taught at two universities, but left before completing his Ph.D. in order to take a job in finance and later worked as the research director of a Chicago futures and options firm. In 1996, he and two partners founded Bomis, a male-oriented web portal featuring entertainment and adult content. Jimmy Wales with Larry Sanger and others launched Wikipedia in 2001 and Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) in 2003, a non-profit organization in St. Petersburg, Florida. Wales was listed in the "Scientists & Thinkers" section of the Time 100 in 2006 and number 12 in Forbes "The Web Celebs 25″. Currently Wales is a member of the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School and the advisory board of the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence, the Board of Directors at nCreative Commons, Socialtext, and Hunch.com, and former co-chair of the World Economic Forum on the Middle East 2008.[image_library_tag 471/62471, alt="" hspace="4″ vspace="4″ border="0″ align="right" ,default]
If Facebook lets you make friends how about a social media site that lets you get your dream job. LinkedIn gives us channel to talk about your area of your work or area you are interested in. 116 million people are registered for the service and the network grows by about 2 people every second globally.
LinkedIn: Reid Hoffman
Reid G. Hoffman, born in Stanford, California, is an American entrepreneur. Hoffman is best known as the co-founder of LinkedIn, a social network used primarily for business connections and job searching. To earn name and fame Hoffman pursued a career in business and entrepreneurship. He started working at Apple and Fujitsu in product management. After working there, Hoffman co-founded his first company, SocialNet.com, an online dating service. While at SocialNet, Hoffman was a member of the board of directors at the founding of PayPal. At the time of PayPal's acquisition by eBay in 2002, he was Executive Vice President of PayPal. Hoffman co-founded LinkedIn in December 2002. It was one of the first business-oriented online social networks. He was LinkedIn's founding CEO for the first four years before becoming Chairman and President, Products in February 2007. Currently he is Executive Chairman. LinkedIn currently has 100 million members in over 200 countries. In 2010 Hoffman joined Greylock Partners and runs their $20 million Discovery Fund. He serves as a Partner at Greylock Partners and Greylock Discovery Fund and his areas of focus includes consumer and services, enterprise software, consumer Internet, enterprise 2.0, mobile, social gaming, online marketplaces, payments, and social networks.
How many times have you purchased something online? If never then probably you shall do it in the near future. This idea was first implemented by the man behind Amazon.com [image_library_tag 473/62473, alt="" hspace="4″ vspace="4″ border="0″ align="right" ,default]
Amazon.com: Jeff Bezos
Bezos founded Amazon.com in 1994 after making a cross-country drive from New York to Seattle, writing up the Amazon business plan on the way. He initially set up the company in his garage. Amazon eventually made him one of the most prominent dot com entrepreneurs and a billionaire. In process of setting up Amazon.com, Bezos rewrote the rule of the market economy and capital markets. He had impeccable credentials before he started out with Amazon, and having been in investment business himself probably eased the way for him.
If Amazon started it, eBay came up with the idea that resulted in one of the most popular and successful website and a source of inspiration for a number of similar sites.[image_library_tag 474/62474, alt="" hspace="4″ vspace="4″ border="0″ align="right" ,default]
eBay: Pierre Omidyar
The Internet super brand was the result of a effort over weekend by Omidyar when he was just 28 and wrote computer code that eventually resulted in eBay. The site was launched on Labor Day, Monday, September 4, 1995, as "Auction Web". It was hosted on a site Omidyar had created for information on the ebola virus. Even the name 'eBay' was made up on the fly by Omidyar when he was told that his first choice for his web site, 'echobay,' had already been registered. Before eBay in 1991 Omidyar also co-founded Ink Development, a pen-based computing startup that was later rebranded as an e-commerce company.
Of all the video sharing sites no one has ever come close to YouTube; but do you know that this site, we visit more often than not, has connections to PayPal.
The domain name www.youtube.com was activated on February 14, 2005, and the website was developed over the subsequent months. In November 2006, YouTube, LLC was bought by Google Inc. for US$1.65 billion, and now operates as a subsidiary of Google.
Jawed Karim[image_library_tag 476/62476, alt="" hspace="4″ vspace="4″ border="0″ align="right" ,default]
YouTube's first video, 'Me at the zoo', was uploaded by Karim on April 23, 2005. Karim enrolled as a graduate student in Computer Science at Stanford University while acting as an advisor to YouTube. Before YouTube many of the core components of PayPal, including its real-time anti-fraud system, were also designed and implemented by Karim.
Chad Hurley[image_library_tag 478/62478, alt="" hspace="4″ vspace="4″ border="0″ align="right" ,default]
Hurley was primarily responsible for the tagging and video sharing aspects of YouTube and became Chief Executive Officer of this popular video sharing website. Before PayPal Hurley worked in eBay's PayPal division, where one of his tasks involved designing the original PayPal logo.
Steve Chen[image_library_tag 479/62479, alt="" hspace="4″ vspace="4″ border="0″ align="left" ,default]
Chen was also an early employee at Facebook, although he left after several months to start YouTube. He has previously held the position of Chief Technology Officer at YouTube, and is currently employed by Google.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Employees of your company, or the companies you serve with your EAP, may get arrested for drunk driving. Establish relationships with the local courts, and specifically their municipal alcohol safety action DUI/DWI diversion programs to boost your EAP utilization rate. I've done it.
We're talking meeting with these professionals and discovering how you can help them with specific case management issues associated with clients who have eligibility to use your EAP. This could include family members.
ASAP or court-run alcohol-DUI/DWI intervention programs improve highway safety by reducing alcohol-related accidents and arrests. They are court-mandated programs for DUI and first-time drug offenders. ASAP evaluates those entering the program and recommends one or more of the following: driver education, alcohol/drug education, combination of education and counseling. All education is designed to prevent relapse and repeat offenses. By monitoring program participants, ASAP acts as a probation facility or diversion program for the courts. After completing the program, defendants either receive a certification of compliance or an order to return to court for noncompliance.
ASAP offices or similar services managing court referred DUI/DWI cases can use your services for assessment, follow-up, treatment referral, post-treatment monitoring, etc. And they have the power to make these referrals. Your EAP is voluntary, so the one caveat here is that the court can't force the offender to use your EAP, but a firm request will rarely be turned down by an anxious and cooperative client who would like to avoid going to jail. DUI staff counselors are swamped with cases. Many are difficult to follow up, and they experience frustrating communication with these court appointed clients, many of whom are alcoholic.
Some ASAP offices will accept the EAP's assessment, recommendations, and with the client's permission, allow the EAP to do the follow-up. As stated, most employees will readily accept a referral to the EAP when the ASAP counselor says, "You have an EAP with your company. We would like you to take advantage of its confidential services."
The chances are high that employees arrested for DUI are alcoholics, and this can further boost your alcohol-related EAP stats. There is nothing more valuable to an EAP than improving alcohol-related stats.
As you know, DUI and ASAP clients don't usually end up in treatment. And if they do, it is often poorly followed up--the most important aspect of treatment is follow up and aggressive participation in a program of recovery that does not dwindle. Many serious addicts get overlooked in DUI intervention programs, and your involvement may save lives on the highway if the alcoholic is motivated into treatment and properly followed up.
Call your court-run DUI/DWI intervention program. Meet to set up a cooperative relationship, and discuss how you might help them, help you. Synergy your efforts and boost your EAP utilization. Email me, and let me know how it goes.


Fariman — LoveSick lyrics. Describe what artist is trying to say in a certain line, whether it's personal feelings, strong statement or something else. Leave your name in the history! Create an account to credit all your contributions to your name, receive rewards, status updates and get feedback from our community. Don't write just "I love this song.
Matoub Lounes – Tighri n tajjalt Live Lyrics. Before you get started, be sure to check out these explanations created farjman our users: Also we collected some tips and tricks for you:.
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Provide quotes to support the facts you mention. LoveSick meanings Best Recent 0 meanings. Ask us or our community about the part of the song that interests you We will try to respond as soon as possible. Home F Fariman LoveSick.
Leave your name in the history! Provide song facts, names, places and other worthy info that may give readers a perfect insight on the song's meaning. I'm drying, Baby you should give it cariman me I'm dying, Baby I'm addicted to you Don't ask me question Just do it and just do it for me Your hot temptation It's burning and it's burning my mind I'm just a Lovesick Baby you're the one for me I'm just a Lovesick I love the way you look at me I'm just a Lovesick This love is for you and me I'm just a Lovesick I'm walking but my feet do not touch the ground I'm smiling but no one sees what's behind my face No explanation come closer and then set me free This isolation It's burning and it's breaking my mind I'm just a Lovesick Baby you're the one for me I'm just a Lovesick but I love fariamn way you look at me I'm just a Lovesick This love is for you and me I'm just a Lovesick I'm gonna give you my love songs baby This is all I can give lovexick now Take my heart and promise you wont break it Don't you lovssick it now Write about your feelings and thoughts rariman LoveSick Know what this song is about?
I'm drying, Baby you should give it to me I'm dying, Baby I'm addicted to you Don't ask me question Just do it and just do it for me Your hot temptation It's burning and it's burning my mind I'm just a Lovesick Baby you're the one for me I'm just a Lovesick I love the way you look at me I'm just a Lovesick This love is for you and me I'm just a Lovesick I'm walking but my feet do not touch the ground I'm smiling but no one sees what's behind my face No explanation come closer and then set me free This isolation It's burning and it's breaking my mind I'm just a Lovesick Baby you're the one for me I'm just a Lovesick but I love the way you look at me I'm just a Lovesick This love is for you and me I'm just a Lovesick I'm gonna give you my love songs baby This is all I can give you now Take my heart and promise you wont break it Don't you break it now Also we collected some tips and tricks for you: Fariman — LoveSick lyrics.
View 10 more explanations. Chris Brown – Deuces Lyrics.
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"Desperate Housewives" star James Denton hosts the Miss America Pageant – airing from Las Vegas tomorrow for the first time ever after moving from ABC to cable's CMT (Country Music Television). Denton, who plays plumber Mike Delfino on "Housewives," is a Nashville native (with a noticeable drawl) and he's got a production deal with CMT, which explains his hosting gig.
"I've hosted the World Music Awards and did the Rose Parade with ['Housewives' co-star] Teri Hatcher . . . I met with the CMT guys and they just kind of sold me on it," says Denton. And it didn't hurt that the pageant was moving to Vegas, either.
Denton says CMT is "pretty wide open" regarding his production deal. "We've talked about stuff I won't be acting in, like wildlife documentaries," he says. We're talking about possibly doing something that deals with grizzlies and wolves.
* On today's "GDNY" (7-9 a.m./Ch. 5): A performance by the Nets Drumline.
* The sad-sack Abraham Lincoln portrayed in History Channel's "Lincoln" struck a chord, averaging nearly 3 million viewers Monday.
* "American Idol" will air in syndication, beginning with Season One, starting next fall on Tribune stations.
* Tomorrow: Ch. 2's Cindy Hsu emcees the Annual Lunar New Year fete at the Hall of Science in Queens, sponsored by Families with Children from China.
* Anyone know where to find former "Ironside" co-star Don Mitchell?
* Congrats to Julie Rothman, who's moved from CNBC to the NBC mothership as director of publicity.
* Steve Martin, right, is coming back next month to host "Saturday Night Live" for a record-breaking 14th time. Martin has been associated with the show for its entire 30-year history. Prince will be the musical guest for the Feb. 4 show.
* Another big night for "American Idol"- about 34 million viewers-helped launch "Skating with Celebrities." The new reality show (18.7 million) put a dent in "Lost" ratings, but did not beat the ABC serial, which drew about 19.3 million people.


The Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering offers research and instruction leading to a master's degree in chemical engineering and a doctorate in engineering with a specialization in chemical and biomolecular engineering.
The chemical and biomolecular engineering faculty are actively involved in research related to biomolecular engineering, biomedical engineering, nanotechnology, polymers, composite materials, catalysis, and solid phase reactions. Graduate coursework is offered in the advanced fundamentals of applied mathematics, chemical reaction kinetics, numerical methods, thermodynamics, transport phenomena, biomolecular engineering, and polymers.
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text:
Upon Further Review: Terry Fator, Live From Las Vegas (and on DVD)
All of this talk about ventriloquist Jeff Dunham and his new Comedy Central series got me thinking about another man and his puppets. Particularly since his DVD was staring at me from behind my laptop. It's time to take a look at Terry Fator, 2007 million-dollar winner of NBC's America's Got Talent and star of the recent DVD, Terry Fator: Live From Las Vegas.
Like Dunham, Fator has toiled for many years at his craft. Unlike Dunham, though, Fator was barely hanging on for a while, there; even though the latter was more than just a ventriloquist, combining that craft with the ability to sing and perform celebrity impersonations. As he told the audience at The Mirage, "It took me 26 years to get here, and I'm glad to be here. Finally." For years, he was in the background at your county fair. Now, after America's Got Talent, he had signed a five-year, $100 million deal with The Mirage resort and casino, working five nights a week for 48 weeks a year. Here's a teaser for the DVD:
The opening scenes before his 70-minute set show Fator trying to gather up his puppet friends, who are cavorting in "real-life" situations around the resort. The show itself reveals just how ready Fator was to be a Vegas headliner. He opens with his version of "At Last" by his puppet Emma. There's Winston the Impersonating Turtle, performing a magic trick and taking a jab at Criss Angel in the process, and singing as Roy Orbison. Fator makes some timeless jokes about the Vegas experience, then steps out from behind his puppets to showcase his own singing voice. Why? "After seeing me on TV, most people don't realize I can sing," he joked. But he knows that what got him to Vegas wasn't his singing, but his ability to do so without moving his lips and while operating colorful puppet characters, so "Puppet Boy" trots them out, one by one. His Walter is a cowboy in an American flag cowboy shirt -- he's no old crank, he's a ladies man with a fondness for puns. Oh, and yodeling. There's Maynard, the self-proclaimed best Elvis impersonator; Julius, who can sing with soul; Dougie, Fator's annoying neighbor; Vikki, a saucy Mae West type; and even a big crowd-pleasing audience-participation number. For his move to Vegas, Fator also has added a lovely lady (real, not puppet) to help move the show along as his stage assistant.
A half-hour into it all, Fator shows up in a Michael Jackson outfit with red Thriller-era jacket, wig and glove, busting out his own MJ impersonation and jokes. It's not utterly tasteless, but Fator knew well enough to have attached a short note inside his DVD case to explain to buyers that he had taped this special a few months before Jackson's death this July. "What you will see in this release is a captured moment in time. I have nothing but the utmost respect for Michael's talents...as I do for all of the musical giants I include in my Las Vegas act. These are the show business legends I admire most, and mixing them with humor in my show is what makes it all work," he wrote.
The DVD case also includes a booklet excerpting the opening of his autobiography, Who's The Dummy Now? Extras on the DVD include two commentary tracks. The first has Fator, comedy writer Rick Kerns (hired by Fator when he got the Vegas gig to add more gags) and director Mark Goffman including behind-the-scenes background on the show and Fator's career arc; the second offers perhaps the most evidence that he's also a comedian, as Fator turns the tables on himself in an MST3K-like, meta-multiple-personality-disorder litany of jokes about the show uttered by his various puppet voices.
Here's a brief look back at the moment Terry Fator broke through in a big way on America's Got Talent:
Oct 21, 2009 2:24:28 PM | Terry Fator
What's a Metro Jethro? Jon Reep is glad you asked! (DVD/CD review) Jon Reep is a self-described "Metro Jethro." It's his term for a rural Southern boy who finds himself living in the big city. People know he's from Hickory, N.C., because he has said it more than once or a billion...
One year later, 12 Angry Mascots get together monthly at Comix, and weekly online on ESPN Last fall, New York comedy writers Scott Rogowsky and Neil Janowitz launched a hybrid variety show that included videos, sketches, stand-up and interviews, all revolving around sports. Their 12 Angry Mascots debuted at the UCB, moved briefly to a Chelsea...


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Investigators Finally Get Look At Materials From Cohen Raid
Photo Credit - Spencer Platt / Getty Images
NEW YORK (AP) — Criminal investigators are getting their first look at materials gathered from raids on the home and office of President Donald Trump's personal lawyer as a process to separate items subject to attorney-client privilege appears to be meeting a judge's demand that it occur speedily and efficiently.
The progress comes just days before U.S. District Judge Kimba M. Wood will preside over a fourth hearing resulting from Michael Cohen's efforts to gain influence over what potential evidence seized in the April 9 raids can be deemed subject to the privilege and blocked from the view of criminal prosecutors. Prosecutors say they are investigating possible fraud as they study Cohen's personal business dealings.
Wood last month designated a former federal judge, Barbara Jones, to serve as a neutral party — known as a special master — and resolve disputes over what items can be kept secret and out of the view of investigators.
Twice, Jones has filed letters updating the status of the privilege search, most recently a week ago. She said she will provide Wood with a timeline for concluding the privilege review once she has received enough of Cohen's electronic property.
In a letter to the court on Friday, Cohen's lawyers indicated they were encouraged by the system that was set up, noting the "careful review procedure that is currently being overseen by the special master." The letter was filed as they sought to exclude Michael Avenatti, an attorney for porn star Stormy Daniels, from joining the court case.
The first materials to face the scrutiny of Jones and lawyers for Cohen, Trump and the Trump Organization, were likely the easiest to study: eight boxes of paper documents.
The majority of what was seized, though, was contained on over a dozen electronic devices, including computers, cellular phones and an iPad. The paper documents, numbering in the hundreds or thousands, were processed over a two-week period, enabling criminal prosecutors in recent days to begin scrutinizing raid materials for the first time.
But it is likely that the electronic documents, containing a much larger volume of materials, will take longer to process.
Jones said in a letter to the court a week ago that the government was expected to produce all of the content from the raids except for the electronic contents of a single computer by Friday. Then, lawyers for Cohen and Trump will designate items they think are subject to attorney-client privilege as the same time Jones is making her own designations.
At hearings last month, Wood said she wanted the process to move much faster than the more than a year that it took lawyers to resolve privilege disputes after a civil rights attorney was arrested in a terrorism probe in 2002.
Joanna Hendon, a lawyer for Trump, said last month that even the president was ready to "make himself available, as needed" to aid the attorney-client privilege search.
Lawyers for Cohen had pledged that they were ready to work around around-the-clock, if necessary, to ensure there was no delay.
Last month, Cohen's lawyers revealed that his three clients in 2017 and 2018 were Trump, Elliott Broidy — a Trump fundraiser who paid $1.6 million to a Playboy Playmate with whom he had an extramarital affair — and Fox News host Sean Hannity.
In court papers, prosecutors have said the searches "are the result of a months-long investigation into Cohen, and seek evidence of crimes, many of which have nothing to do with his work as an attorney, but rather relate to Cohen's own business dealings."
The raids were authorized by a federal magistrate judge based on factual information presented by federal prosecutors in New York. They were triggered in part by a referral from special counsel Robert Mueller, who separately is looking into Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.
Filed Under: Michael Cohen, president donald trump, Stormy Daniels
Categories: Associated Press, National News, Political


During this time of year, it's not difficult to find a heartwarming tale set in Snowy City, USA. But how many of those movies feature some of the fabulous black actors gracing Hollywood today? These 10 movies are centered around black families/friends and will help you avoid factory-made holiday movies.
Photo: cinema.com Before Chris Brown lost his mind, he was making poppy songs and starring in this gem of a holiday movie. C-Breezy joined an excellent cast for this new classic, including Idris Elba, Loretta Devine and Regina King. And the soundtrack? Christmas magic.
Craig and Day Day have finally made it on their own — only to have their place robbed right before Christmas. Enjoy watching all the magic of the Friday franchise and Christmas at the same damn time.
Any movie with Jill Scott wins in my book, but the soulful songstress particularly shines in this movie. Three friends (Jill Scott, Eve, and Regina Hall) make a pact to be engaged or married by the New Year after attending a wedding. It's a cute movie that shows all types of relationships that are all too relatable.
After a misunderstanding, a hard working woman realizes the man of her dreams is right under her nose. Heard this one before? Even with a somewhat common plot line, this movie is a delight thanks to star Malinda Williams and cutie Brad James.
Ving Rhames in drag for a holiday movie? Yes, it happened and yes, it was incredibly heartwarming! This movie is 15 years old and still holds serious weight among holiday movies for good reason.
Queen Latifah shows us what it is to be alive and actually live. After being diagnosed with a terminal illness, Queen's character goes on a journey to discover her own greatness and upgrade her life.
Morris Chestnut and Gabrielle Union star in this movie along with Charlie Murphy and Katt Williams. Those four people are reason enough to watch this flick.
This musical is a newer adaptation of Langston Hughes' play and centers around the story of a young boy making his way from Baltimore to New York City. The cast includes some heavy hitters like Angela Basset<, Forest Whittaker and Jennifer Hudson. Another amazing soundtrack.
Back in the day, Denzel Washington and Whitney Houston starred in this movie that made us laugh, made us cry, and made us love those two icons even more. There is so much '90s rom-com greatness in The Preacher's Wife, and it never gets old.
Who didn't run to the movies to catch the long-awaited sequel to Best Man? I did and I was not disappointed. This beautiful cast fell right back into the magic from the first movie and certainly delivered again.
What are your favorite black holiday movies? Let us know in the comments below.


A long-standing community project for Soroptimist International of Calaveras County took place during the month of February 2019. "Take Women to Heart" provided free cholesterol (lipid panel) screenings to 192 Calaveras County women. Partnering, again, with Dignity Health Mark Twain Medical Centers, SICC is so thankful for this partnership, which, for the past thirteen years, has allowed these potentially life-saving screenings be provided.
Heart attack and stroke are the No. 1 killers of women in the United States. For women, the odds of dying due to heart disease, heart attack, or stroke are significantly higher than dying of cancer. Testing (blood draws) may be accomplished at the Main Clinic at the Hospital, or at any of the 5 medical clinics of Dignity Health.
Congratulations to all the women who have now taken a positive step towards their better health. The lipid panel readings can (and should be) discussed with their physicians to determine if life style changes might be in order or medications need to be prescribed.
Thank you to Dignity Health Mark Twain Medical Center for your continued support, which makes "Take Women to Heart" a worthy project for Soroptimist International of Calaveras County and the women of Calaveras County.
Soroptimist International of Calaveras County has again partnered with Dignity Health Mark Twain Medical Centers, to offer free lipid panel screenings to Calaveras County women for the entire month of February.
If we save the life of only one woman, we have accomplished our goal. More than 157 women took advantage of this screening. They now know the numbers that measure good (HDL) and bad (LDL) cholesterol levels — and the risk evaluation of heart disease. Life changes could improve these numbers if they are above a certain level. Talk with your family physician about the numbers.
For the twelfth year, our partners Dignity Health made this project possible. We certainly could not do this without them. Thank you so much for this continuing partnership.
Soroptimist International of Calaveras County, for the eleventh year, partnered with Dignity Health Mark Twain Medical Centers, in offering free lipid panel screenings to Calaveras County women during the month of February.
These screenings measure good (HDL) and bad (LDL) cholesterol levels and triglycerides for a risk evaluation of heart disease. More than 187 women availed themselves of this valuable test.
Sincere thanks to Dignity Health for all they do to make these life-saving tests readily available. And congratulations to the women who took advantage of this opportunity to learn about their heart health.
Soroptimist International of Calaveras County again celebrated the American Heart Association's"Go Red for Women" movement by offering free lipid panel screenings to Calaveras County women for the entire month of February 2016. We have learned that 218 women took advantage of this great opportunity.
SICC is excited that so many local women, again this year, took advantage of this unique opportunity to have their lipid panel cholesterol numbers checked. Congratulations to everyone who took these positive strides in learning their risks of heart attack and stroke. You may have just saved your own life!
The month of February recognizes the "Go Red for Women" campaign..Several SICC members here all dressed in their best red finery!!!
IN 2015, 271 WOMEN TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THIS OPPORTUNITY!
Soroptimist International of Calaveras County (SICC) is again celebrating the American Heart Association's "Go Red for Women" movement by offering free lipid panel screenings to Calaveras County women for the month of February 2015.
Heart attack and stroke are the No. 1 killers of women in the United States. For women, the odds of dying due to heart disease, heart attack, or stroke are significantly higher than dying of cancer. SICC has enjoyed an on-going partnership on this project with Dignity Health Mark Twain Medical Center since 2006.
A number of factors go into determining a person's heart health. Readings of good (HDL) and bad (LDL) cholesterol levels and triglycerides and a risk evaluation for heart disease are a place to start. During 2015's month-long screenings, over 250 local women were tested. Awareness of personal risk and treatment options can empower a woman to live a long and healthy life.
Tests are performed either at Dignity Health Mark Twain Medical Center in San Andreas or at any of the Community Medical Centers located in Angels Camp, Arnold, Copperopolis, and Valley Springs. Testing requires a 12-hour fast and completion of a simple voucher.
To support future funding for SICC's Take Women to Heart project, SICC is hosting a Cinco de Mayo Chili-Cookoff Challenge fundraiser on Saturday, May 2, 2015, at the historic Murphy's Hotel courtyard.
To learn more about the free screening tests and/or the Chili Cookoff, please call (209) 753-9700.
Partnering, for the ninth year, with Dignity Health – Mark Twain Medical Center, SICC offered free lipid panel tests to any woman in Calaveras County during the month of February 2014.
Over 250 area women participated n this program and learned their risks of heart attack and stroke. Armed with this information, and if deemed necessary, they could then consult their own private medical provider to, perhaps, form a plan of action.
To kick off the "February only" Take Women to Heart program, SICC partnered with Dignity Health as well as the American Heart Association to sponsor a new event "Red Shoe Stroll" held at Mark Twain Medical Center campus on February 8, 2014. This event celebrates the "Go Red For Women" program from the American Heart Association. Starting at 8 a.m. participants and their families warmed up with local Zumba dancers and all registered walkers/runners/strollers celebrated a healthy lifestyle by participating in the 5k course. All were encouraged to gather in the MTMC dining room for an awards ceremony followed by a FREE heart healthy expo, healthy cooking demonstrations, appetizers, CPR information, and Cardiac Rehab and other MTMC programs. Several women and men participated in "the Stroll." Due to inclement weather, a route was developed inside the hospital corridors so the participants could stay dry but still take part in the event.
To further celebrate "National Wear Red Day", a group of Soroptimists and friends gathered at CAMPS restaurant on the evening prior to the Red Shoe Stroll, to build excitement and enthusiasm for the Red Shoe Stroll.
April and May 2013 found Soroptimist International of Calaveras County again partnering with Mark Twain Medical Center to offer free cholesterol screening tests to every woman in our county. This was our eighth year of offering these potentially life-saving tests. The final count of women served in 2013 — 482 Calaveras County women took advantage of this opportunity!!
The process is simple. Complete a simple voucher at any of the five medical clinics in the county or at the MTMC laboratory in San Andreas. A 12 hour fast is required prior to the blood draw. You will receive, via USPS mail, a summary of the results of the testing. The comprehensive cholesterol testing measures good and bad cholesterol and triglycerides, including a risk evaluation for heart disease and stroke. If the measurements are too high, you should consult with your own private healthcare provider for further analysis and guidance.
SI Calaveras County has been fortunate to be awarded grants, over the past years, to help defray the costs of this important testing. Calaveras Community Foundation awarded SICC grants in 2008, 2009 and 2011 totaling $9,000. Soroptimist International of the Americas issued SICC a $4,000 grant in club year 2010/11. At times SICC has designated proceeds from specific fund raising projects to benefit the Take Women to Heart project.
The number of women taking advantage of this opportunity appears to be increasing each year. Since 2007, more than 2,000 women have been tested during these two-month periods. SICC is very proud to partner with the MTMC team in offering these blood draws to Calaveras County women at no cost to them. We often hear from women about how thankful they are that we offer these service. At times lack of finances or no insurance coverage prevents women from having these cholesterol screening tests done.
SICC recognizes that heart disease is the leading cause of death in women, killing one in four females claiming the lives of almost 500,000 women each year. Awareness of personal risk and treatment options can empower a woman to live a long and healthy life. Every woman should know her risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke, and speak with her healthcare provider about the prevention of coronary heart disease, setting goals and the best way to achieve those goals. The first step in lowering risk requires measuring and assessing the risk. A cholesterol screening test is an important part of measuring cholesterol (LDL & HDL) and Triglycerides.


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There's a New Knight Coming to Westeros
by Nick Hershey on May 27, 2016 ClipsMoviesTVWeb Gems Game of Thrones Mashups
Game of Thrones is not known for it's light-hearted moments, but that's about to change thanks to Martin Lawrence. In the mashup parody video (above), Lawrence's 2001 film Black Knight gets cut together with HBO's GoT and the end result is a solid, albeit goofy, combination of somber and humor. Some of the scenes are especially enjoyable given Lawrence's classic facial expressions and his inability to fit into the bygone era of lords and ladies.
Via [PizzaPartyFX]
Tags : Game of ThronesMashups
New Characters Teased in Star Wars Celebration Poster
Teddy Roosevelt is Civilization 6's Ruff Ryder
The author Nick Hershey
Nick was born and raised in Amish country, has a beard, but isn't Amish. He's a fan of winter as long as he's at the top of a mountain with a board under his feet. He's an avid sports fan, movie junkie, tv bum, and music enthusiast who still purchases CDs for some reason.
Naomi Watts Spotted in Full Costume on Game of Thrones Prequel Set
George R.R. Martin Reveals 5 Facts About HBO's Game of Thrones Prequel
Fall In Love with Jon Snow Again Thanks to This Fan Tribute
Reply All — A Game of Thrones Email Exchange: "The Iron Throne"
Thrones Time: Breaking Down GoT – S8E6 – "The Iron Throne"


Escape anxiety and reduce stress!
A rich blend of Frankincense & Spikenard. This is a spicy and woodsy scent. Helps improve skin tone and condition as well as balances dry or oily skin. Aids in the reduction of fine lines and wrinkles and the regeneration of new skin cells.


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A Healthy Dose of Film Critique and Commentary
Medicinema
Archive | November, 2012
The Future (2011)
I finally found the time to watch Miranda July's newest film, The Future. You may have seen in a previous post that I am quite a fan of hers, whether it's her book writing or screen writing. I love her over-the-top awkward, quirky, emo, indie, hipster ways. Though in my image search for things to include in this post, I found that there are a lot of people who cannot stand MJ and her unconventional ways. I even had to wait for my boyfriend to be out of town to watch the movie, because I am allergic to haterade.
In this movie, married couple Sophie and Jason are about to adopt a cat. They have one monthbefore they can bring it home. This sudden deadline of responsibility falling upon these two thirty-somethings shakes them into living this month as if it were their last. They quit their shitty and unfulfilling jobs, and set out to explore new and exciting territory. Jason becomes metaphysical, taking everything as a sign from the universe that he's on the right new path for him. Sophie loses faith in herself and her ability to act upon her new goals as a recently liberated and unemployed dancer. They both develop secret habits and secret lives, which serves to drive them further apart than when they were stuck in their mono
tonous daily rut. Their story intertwines with the narration of Paw-Paw, their rescue cat. This is an element that might be hard to take by those who have a weak stomach for July's quirk. I flinched at some points of this odd narration, especially in the choice to open the movie with it. In the end, Paw-Paw's monologues were the most heartfelt parts for me.
I approached this movie with my thoughts on Me and You and Everyone We Know. I expected a subtly humorous account of real life trials and tribulations through that uncomfortably intimate lens that July uses in her work. I expected a chronological narrative bringing together a myriad of characters, and I expected to take the events of the film at face value. The Future is not that kind of film. It starts off realistic, but as it goes on, you have trouble distinguishing fantasy from reality, the real from the imagined, and the literal from the metaphorical. It stirs up your consciousness a little bit, and I like that. It's a thinking wo/man's movie, not to be watched distractedly out of the right eye. It requires a certain amount of engagement, and I liked that. All of the necessary themes are here: relationships and fidelity, life and death, time and space, "mid-life" crises and our attempts to find happiness and fulfillment.
I liked it better after it was over and I had time to reflect upon it. It's a movie I would prefer to watch alone.
I leave you with July's "Shirt Dance." Love the song: Master of None by Beach House. Toro y Moi does a bitchin' cover of the song as well. Doesn't get much more emo/hipster/indie than that!
Tags: film, hipster, indie, Miranda July, quirky
Categories Miranda July, Netflix Instant Queue Movie Reviews
David Lynch on Meditation
Cult of Personality- The Source Family (2012)
Difficult People- Perhaps a Reference to YOU?
Wet Hot Double Feature- First Day of Camp and Hurricane of Fun (2015)
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Christmas at the Crossing is our annual holiday celebration which includes a 20-minute wintertime wagon ride, where participants will be able experience the spirit of Christmas and view 45 acres (decorated with scenic Christmas displays) all while hearing the sounds and story of Christmas!
Also included are roaring bonfires and marshmallows, a visit with Santa and his helper, craft making for kids, and more!
*All is free to the public with the exception of concessions and the purchase of baked goods and gifts.
Join us in 2019 (December 6th and 7th from 6-9pm) – mark your calendars now – don't miss it!
Copyright © 2018 Crossing Life Church. All rights reserved.


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Man avoids prison time in fatal racing wreck
Alysia Cornelius killed after car crashes, splits in 2
Updated: 8:51 AM CDT Jun 25, 2013
Mark Lea/KMBC SOURCE: Mark Lea/KMBC
A man convicted in connection with a street-racing crash that killed a 17-year-old girl has been given his sentence, but the family of the girl who died isn't happy about it.Dawontay Frazier, 20, was given a 7-year suspended sentence Monday and placed on five years probation.Frazier was driving a car more than 100 mph when it crashed and split into two near 87th Street and Hillcrest Road in April 2012. His girlfriend, Alycia Cornelius, died at the scene.Her family said the penalty doesn't seem harsh enough for the harm that's been done."My daughter was my heart and was my life and my princess," said Alycia's mother, Arlene Abernathy. "I miss her every day."While Frazier's probation includes restrictions and community service requirements, the Cornelius family wanted him to go to prison for at least two years."I just feel like with taking someone's life, there's no justice," Abernathy said. "I didn't ever want him to have life in prison, but I wanted him to have some type of punishment for what he did."She said her daughter was someone who loved to help people and animals and had wanted to become a veterinarian."I just hope they learn that what he did was something that was really horrible, and to be cautious of what you do, and to think before you do things," Abernathy said.Frazier's mother, Tonya Bell, said her son can only apologize and try to make the most of his life. Abernathy said Frazier has never apologized to her.Bell said Frazier is dedicated to getting the word out about speeding and street racing in hopes of sparing at least one family the same heartache he cause. Bell said her son has told her that he intends to make the most of the break that judge gave him.
A man convicted in connection with a street-racing crash that killed a 17-year-old girl has been given his sentence, but the family of the girl who died isn't happy about it.
Dawontay Frazier, 20, was given a 7-year suspended sentence Monday and placed on five years probation.
Frazier was driving a car more than 100 mph when it crashed and split into two near 87th Street and Hillcrest Road in April 2012. His girlfriend, Alycia Cornelius, died at the scene.
Her family said the penalty doesn't seem harsh enough for the harm that's been done.
"My daughter was my heart and was my life and my princess," said Alycia's mother, Arlene Abernathy. "I miss her every day."
While Frazier's probation includes restrictions and community service requirements, the Cornelius family wanted him to go to prison for at least two years.
"I just feel like with taking someone's life, there's no justice," Abernathy said. "I didn't ever want him to have life in prison, but I wanted him to have some type of punishment for what he did."
She said her daughter was someone who loved to help people and animals and had wanted to become a veterinarian.
"I just hope they learn that what he did was something that was really horrible, and to be cautious of what you do, and to think before you do things," Abernathy said.
Frazier's mother, Tonya Bell, said her son can only apologize and try to make the most of his life. Abernathy said Frazier has never apologized to her.
Bell said Frazier is dedicated to getting the word out about speeding and street racing in hopes of sparing at least one family the same heartache he cause. Bell said her son has told her that he intends to make the most of the break that judge gave him.


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TRANSATLANTIC announce 'The Final Flight: Live at L'Olympia' for release 17th February 2023
TRANSATLANTIC – the Prog Supergroup of Neal Morse, Mike Portnoy, Roine Stolt & Pete Trewavas – are pleased to present a new concert set entitled 'The Final Flight: Live At L'Olympia'. It was recorded and filmed in France on the last stop of a tour to promote the band's fifth and most audacious album to date, 'The Absolute Universe'. This was the multinational group's first outing in eight years.
Watch the band performing 'Owl Howl', a highlight from 'The Absolute Universe' album, here:
Released in February 2021 to unanimous praise, 'The Absolute Universe' came in two alternate formats; an abridged 64-minute record known as 'The Breath Of Life', and a companion piece entitled 'Forevermore' that added a further four songs, clocking in at an hour and a half. Though the foundations of both were shared, each format featured lyrics and music independent of the other.
However, when Transatlantic finally hit the road they opted to perform a third format of the album, a full-bells-and-whistles, 96-minute Blu-ray culmination of both takes known as 'The Ultimate Edition' that had been released in 5.1 surround sound. Following that segment of the show Transatlantic took a short intermission and returned to the stage for a rollercoaster trawl through the remainder of their lavish catalogue. From the first note of 'Overture (The Absolute Universe)' through to the medley based around the first two Transatlantic albums that closes the evening, the performance comprised 3 hours of music in total.
"Ever since the start of this band we have played for three hours, so that's something we're all used to," states drummer Mike Portnoy, who grins whilst describing his own experience as "butt-numbing". However, Roine Stolt is ready to admit that this time felt very slightly different.
"It was a great tour," acknowledges the guitarist and multi-musician, "but when you include our spot at Morsefest [where besides performing 'The Absolute Universe' the band also revisited their 2009 album 'The Whirlwind' and revised a cover of Procol Harum's 'In Held ('Twas) In I' that had featured on their debut from 2000, 'SMPTe'] I felt the challenge of learning, or re-learning, three-and-a-half hours of music before leaving Sweden. Now that I am getting slightly older, I was a little worried about playing for that long – it requires a lot of concentration: 'Is this one in 7/8 or 9/8? Maybe we'll play it in 13/8 and in a different key?' But of course, once we got out there onto the stage, those thoughts went straight out of the window."
With a chuckle, vocalist and keyboard wizard Neal Morse reveals that as the tour found its feet Transatlantic threw an additional curveball. "We started playing songs slightly differently to the way you've heard them on 'The Ultimate Edition", he grins. "So what you get with this live album is similar, but essentially it's a fourth version [of the record]. When you play live, from night to night it helps to keep things fresh by jamming a bit and changing things up as you go. There are a few examples of that, for instance, the beginning of the last section that starts with 'Belong' is quite different than the record – partly because we couldn't remember it! So we made up a new structure."
"We're always as well prepared as we can be but in a way Transatlantic is kind of a show band" points out bassist Pete Trewavas. "Playing alongside Mike who is a powerhouse on the drums, there is this raw power. If he wants to raise the energy that's what we do. We're all taking solos here and there, though we get the songs across we're all showing off as much as we can".
Filmed by Paul Green (who also shot their 'Whirld Tour 2010: Live in London release), and mixed by longtime collaborator Rich Mouser, this set will be available as a Special Edition 3CD+Blu-ray Digipak (incl. 5.1 surround sound) & as a Gatefold 180g 4LP release. Both feature artwork by Thomas Ewerhard & photos by Nidhal Marzouk. Pre-order now here: https://Transatlantic.lnk.to/TheFinalFlight-LiveAtLOlympia
1. The Absolute Universe Intro
2. Overture
3. Reaching For The Sky
4. Higher Than The Morning
5. The Darkness In The Light
6. Take Now My Soul
7. Bully
8. Rainbow Sky
9. Looking For The Light
10. The World We Used To Know
11. MP Intro
12. The Sun Comes Up Today
13. Love Made A Way (Prelude)
14. Owl Howl
15. Solitude
16. Belong
17. Lonesome Rebel
18. Can You Feel It
19. Looking For The Light (Reprise)
20. The Greatest Story Never Ends
21. Love Made A Way
22. The Whirlwind Suite
23. NM & RS Intro
24. We All Need Some Light
25. The Final Medley
Line-Up (on this recording):
Neal Morse – Keyboards, Acoustic Guitar & Vocals
Mike Portnoy – Drums & Vocals
Roine Stolt – Guitar & Vocals
Pete Trewavas – Bass & Vocals
Ted Leonard – Guitar, Keyboards, Percussion & Vocals
Posted on 4th December 2022 Author martinCategories New album releases, News, Track/Video ReleaseTags Mike Portnoy, Neal Morse, Pete Trewavas, Progradar, Roine Stolt, Ted Leonard, The Final Flight Live At Olympia, Transatlantic
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text:
Q: Gitkraken: Failed initializing Git Flow I am using Gitkraken to manage my git activities but while initializing Git Flow using inbuilt option provided by Gitkraken it fails.
Here is the screenshot that shows the error message

A: Example
I'm had the same problem, open git bash terminal and run command: "git flow init"
after that open Git kracken and git flow should process normally.

A: Support told me this:

For now, try deleting your local develop branch and then try initializing GitFlow to work around the issue.

A: I was have the same issue, and I was solve it run the next command in the root path of project.
git-flow init -d

if command don't appear in your current bash you can follow the next web pages
git flow
git flow bash completation

A: If everything else fails, you can always do this and it should fix the problem:

*

*push all your changes/branches to remote in order to avoid loosing them

*delete the local repository folder

*re-clone the repository

A: I have encountered the same issue and these are the steps I have followed in order to solve it.

*

*Close GitKraken

*Run GitBash. It should be already installed. In windows 10 use the
magnifier search - and you should be able to find it.

*From GitBash select the repository you need to set GitFlow. Hint you
can use pwd command to see the directory level you are in.Eg mine
was on C:\source\myrep -my path is-  cd  /c/source/myrep

*Run the command line git flow init

*During initialization - you will need to specify the master branch,
development branch and required flow features. I have left
everything as a default. Press enter at each request.

*Restart GitKraken and GitFlow was working.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Central Arkansas Water's Procurement Department is responsible for issuing bids and purchase orders for all goods and services above $500.
Our mission is to provide quality service to our customers and vendors alike, by implementing and supporting processes that provide timely, cost-effective, high-quality contracts through cooperative and proactive procurement practices.
Vendors wishing to do business with the utility should visit Central Arkansas Water's Procurement Department to exchange information on the materials or services they can provide, relative to items being purchased.


text:
Mann's Research on Credit Card Debt Cited in Times Editorial
THE SCHOLARSHIP OF COLUMBIA LAW SCHOOL'S MANN CITED IN
NEW YORK TIMES EDITORIAL ON CREDIT CARD DEBT
James O'Neill
August 6, 2008 (NEW YORK) – Columbia Law School Professor Ronald Mann's research on credit card debt was cited in the lead editorial in today's New York Times about abusive credit card practices.
Mann, author of Charging Ahead: The Growth and Regulation of Payment Card Markets Around the World (Cambridge Univ. Press 2006), is an expert on electronic commerce, secured transactions, payment systems and the global credit card industry.
The Times editorial notes that Mann has criticized a 2005 bankruptcy law which gave extra protections to lenders. Mann has said the law "creates a 'sweat box of credit card debt,'" the Times notes. "As borrowers become 'distressed,' the credit card issuer has more time to pile on interest charges and fees until the client actually goes bankrupt."
The editorial notes that while the Federal Reserve should swiftly adopt proposed new rules against deceptive credit card practices, the real burden to act falls on members of Congress, who, the Times writes, "have shirked the responsibility to ensure fair lending to credit card customers and have listened more intently to the banking lobbyists," citing passage of the 2005 bankruptcy law as a low point.
To read the full editorial, click here.
Journalists interested in speaking to Mann about his research can contact him at 212-854-1570 or [email protected]. Columbia Law School also has a TV and radio studio on campus equipped with IFB and ISDN lines. Reporters or producers wishing to schedule live or taped interviews can contact the Law School's Public Affairs office at 212-854-2650.
Columbia Law School, founded in 1858, stands at the forefront of legal education and of the law in a global society. Columbia Law School joins traditional strengths in international and comparative law, constitutional law, administrative law, business law and human rights law with pioneering work in the areas of intellectual property, digital technology, sexuality and gender, and criminal law.


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package nl.rmokveld.wearcast.shared;

public class C {
    public static final String ARG_WEARCAST_EXTENSIONS = "wear_cast_extras";
    public static final String ARG_MEDIA_INFO = "media_info";
    public static final String ARG_CONTENT_TITLE = "content_title";
    public static final String ARG_CONTENT_TEXT = "content_text";

    public static final String WEAR_CAST_BASE_PATH = "/wear-cast";
    public static final String DEVICE_PATH = C.WEAR_CAST_BASE_PATH + "/device";
    public static final String NOTIFICATION_PATH = WEAR_CAST_BASE_PATH + "/notification";
    public static final String DISCOVERY_PATH = WEAR_CAST_BASE_PATH + "/discovery";
    public static final String DELETE_NOTIFICATION_PATH = WEAR_CAST_BASE_PATH + "/delete-notification";
    public static final String START_CAST_PATH = WEAR_CAST_BASE_PATH + " /cast";
    public static final String STATE_PATH = WEAR_CAST_BASE_PATH + "/cast-state";
    public static final String TIMEOUT_PATH = C.STATE_PATH + "/timeout";

    public static final String DEVICE_ID = "device_id";
    public static final String DEVICE_NAME = "device_name";
    public static final String TAG = "WearCast";
    public static final String REQUEST_NODE_ID = "request_node_id";
    public static final String PING_PATH = WEAR_CAST_BASE_PATH + "/ping";
    public static final String NOTIFICATION_ID = "notification_id";
    public static final String TIMESTAMP = "timestamp";
}


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Baked By Susan Featured in Westchester Magazine: Top Bakeries and Bread Lovers' Guide
February 1, 2017 by Presmult Dev
Growing up, Susan O'Keefe never had a Twinkie – or a Ring Ding or any other uber-processed snack cake.
"To this day, I still haven't," says the owner of the from-scratch bakery Baked by Susan, which she opened in 2010. "I come from a generational baking family, and we always had a homemade dessert."
Baking since she was 8, O'Keefe recalls her mother's lemon-nut bread and brownies and her Grandma Susie's yeast donuts. "I bake the way your grandparents and great grandparents would have," she says, "no processed ingredients or cheap shortenings. My pies sell for $24.99, and at ShopRite you can get a pie for $1.99. But what do you think goes into a $1.99 pie?"
Her distributor, after dropping off a delivery, will often remark, "Now I'm off to the 'Fakeries,'" referring to those clients who purchase canned and pre-made fillings and big buckets of pre-made icing.
O'Keefe's forte are her crusts – whether cradlng sugared, heat-scortched local fruits or creamy custards they are glorious masterworks.
Besides the shop, her products are sold at nine Whole Foods, six Gourmet Garages and Mrs. Green's, both Black Cow locations, Hilltop Hanover Farm and a few DeCicco's.
Dont miss: Double-Crust Apple Pie, Apple Turnovers, Cinnamon Rolls.
Thank you again Westchester Magazine for featuring our bakery in this full page article. We are beyond honored!
Tagged: briarcliff manor, cortlandt manor, croton on hudson, northern westchester, ossining
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