text:
Progesterone and estrogen regulate Alzheimer-like neuropathology in female 3xTg-AD mice
Jenna C. Carroll, Emily R. Rosario, Lilly Chang, Frank Z. Stanczyk, Salvatore Oddo, Frank M. LaFerla, Christian J. Pike
Estrogen depletion in postmenopausal women is a significant risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and estrogen-based hormone therapy may reduce this risk. However,the effects of progesterone both alone and in combination with estrogen on AD neuropathology remain unknown. In this study, we used the triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) to investigate the individual and combined effects of estrogen and progesterone on β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and hippocampal-dependent behavioral impairments. In gonadally intact female 3xTg-AD mice, AD-like neuropathology was apparent by 3 months of age and progressively increased through age 12 months, a time course that was paralleled by behavioral impairment. Ovariectomy-induced depletion of sex steroid hormones in adult female 3xTg-AD mice significantly increased Aβ accumulation and worsened memory performance. Treatment of ovariectomized 3xTg-AD mice with estrogen, but not progesterone, prevented these effects. When estrogen and progesterone were administered in combination, progesterone blocked the beneficial effect of estrogen on Aβ accumulation but not on behavioral performance. Interestingly, progesterone significantly reduced tau hyperphosphorylation when administered both alone and in combination with estrogen. These results demonstrate that estrogen and progesterone independently and interactively regulate AD-like neuropathology and suggest that an optimized hormone therapy may be useful in reducing the risk of AD in postmenopausal women.
https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2718-07.2007
Y-maze
β-amyloid
10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2718-07.2007
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Progesterone and estrogen regulate Alzheimer-like neuropathology in female 3xTg-AD mice'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Neuropathology Medicine & Life Sciences
Progesterone Medicine & Life Sciences
Ovariectomy Medicine & Life Sciences
Gonadal Steroid Hormones Medicine & Life Sciences
Amyloid Medicine & Life Sciences
Carroll, J. C., Rosario, E. R., Chang, L., Stanczyk, F. Z., Oddo, S., LaFerla, F. M., & Pike, C. J. (2007). Progesterone and estrogen regulate Alzheimer-like neuropathology in female 3xTg-AD mice. Journal of Neuroscience, 27(48), 13357-13365. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2718-07.2007
Progesterone and estrogen regulate Alzheimer-like neuropathology in female 3xTg-AD mice. / Carroll, Jenna C.; Rosario, Emily R.; Chang, Lilly; Stanczyk, Frank Z.; Oddo, Salvatore; LaFerla, Frank M.; Pike, Christian J.
In: Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 27, No. 48, 28.11.2007, p. 13357-13365.
Carroll, JC, Rosario, ER, Chang, L, Stanczyk, FZ, Oddo, S, LaFerla, FM & Pike, CJ 2007, 'Progesterone and estrogen regulate Alzheimer-like neuropathology in female 3xTg-AD mice', Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 27, no. 48, pp. 13357-13365. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2718-07.2007
Carroll JC, Rosario ER, Chang L, Stanczyk FZ, Oddo S, LaFerla FM et al. Progesterone and estrogen regulate Alzheimer-like neuropathology in female 3xTg-AD mice. Journal of Neuroscience. 2007 Nov 28;27(48):13357-13365. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2718-07.2007
Carroll, Jenna C. ; Rosario, Emily R. ; Chang, Lilly ; Stanczyk, Frank Z. ; Oddo, Salvatore ; LaFerla, Frank M. ; Pike, Christian J. / Progesterone and estrogen regulate Alzheimer-like neuropathology in female 3xTg-AD mice. In: Journal of Neuroscience. 2007 ; Vol. 27, No. 48. pp. 13357-13365.
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title = "Progesterone and estrogen regulate Alzheimer-like neuropathology in female 3xTg-AD mice",
abstract = "Estrogen depletion in postmenopausal women is a significant risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and estrogen-based hormone therapy may reduce this risk. However,the effects of progesterone both alone and in combination with estrogen on AD neuropathology remain unknown. In this study, we used the triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) to investigate the individual and combined effects of estrogen and progesterone on β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and hippocampal-dependent behavioral impairments. In gonadally intact female 3xTg-AD mice, AD-like neuropathology was apparent by 3 months of age and progressively increased through age 12 months, a time course that was paralleled by behavioral impairment. Ovariectomy-induced depletion of sex steroid hormones in adult female 3xTg-AD mice significantly increased Aβ accumulation and worsened memory performance. Treatment of ovariectomized 3xTg-AD mice with estrogen, but not progesterone, prevented these effects. When estrogen and progesterone were administered in combination, progesterone blocked the beneficial effect of estrogen on Aβ accumulation but not on behavioral performance. Interestingly, progesterone significantly reduced tau hyperphosphorylation when administered both alone and in combination with estrogen. These results demonstrate that estrogen and progesterone independently and interactively regulate AD-like neuropathology and suggest that an optimized hormone therapy may be useful in reducing the risk of AD in postmenopausal women.",
keywords = "Alzheimer's disease, Estrogen, Progesterone, Tau, Y-maze, β-amyloid",
author = "Carroll, {Jenna C.} and Rosario, {Emily R.} and Lilly Chang and Stanczyk, {Frank Z.} and Salvatore Oddo and LaFerla, {Frank M.} and Pike, {Christian J.}",
doi = "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2718-07.2007",
journal = "Journal of Neuroscience",
publisher = "Society for Neuroscience",
T1 - Progesterone and estrogen regulate Alzheimer-like neuropathology in female 3xTg-AD mice
AU - Carroll, Jenna C.
AU - Rosario, Emily R.
AU - Chang, Lilly
AU - Stanczyk, Frank Z.
AU - Oddo, Salvatore
AU - LaFerla, Frank M.
AU - Pike, Christian J.
N2 - Estrogen depletion in postmenopausal women is a significant risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and estrogen-based hormone therapy may reduce this risk. However,the effects of progesterone both alone and in combination with estrogen on AD neuropathology remain unknown. In this study, we used the triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) to investigate the individual and combined effects of estrogen and progesterone on β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and hippocampal-dependent behavioral impairments. In gonadally intact female 3xTg-AD mice, AD-like neuropathology was apparent by 3 months of age and progressively increased through age 12 months, a time course that was paralleled by behavioral impairment. Ovariectomy-induced depletion of sex steroid hormones in adult female 3xTg-AD mice significantly increased Aβ accumulation and worsened memory performance. Treatment of ovariectomized 3xTg-AD mice with estrogen, but not progesterone, prevented these effects. When estrogen and progesterone were administered in combination, progesterone blocked the beneficial effect of estrogen on Aβ accumulation but not on behavioral performance. Interestingly, progesterone significantly reduced tau hyperphosphorylation when administered both alone and in combination with estrogen. These results demonstrate that estrogen and progesterone independently and interactively regulate AD-like neuropathology and suggest that an optimized hormone therapy may be useful in reducing the risk of AD in postmenopausal women.
AB - Estrogen depletion in postmenopausal women is a significant risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and estrogen-based hormone therapy may reduce this risk. However,the effects of progesterone both alone and in combination with estrogen on AD neuropathology remain unknown. In this study, we used the triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) to investigate the individual and combined effects of estrogen and progesterone on β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and hippocampal-dependent behavioral impairments. In gonadally intact female 3xTg-AD mice, AD-like neuropathology was apparent by 3 months of age and progressively increased through age 12 months, a time course that was paralleled by behavioral impairment. Ovariectomy-induced depletion of sex steroid hormones in adult female 3xTg-AD mice significantly increased Aβ accumulation and worsened memory performance. Treatment of ovariectomized 3xTg-AD mice with estrogen, but not progesterone, prevented these effects. When estrogen and progesterone were administered in combination, progesterone blocked the beneficial effect of estrogen on Aβ accumulation but not on behavioral performance. Interestingly, progesterone significantly reduced tau hyperphosphorylation when administered both alone and in combination with estrogen. These results demonstrate that estrogen and progesterone independently and interactively regulate AD-like neuropathology and suggest that an optimized hormone therapy may be useful in reducing the risk of AD in postmenopausal women.
KW - Estrogen
KW - Progesterone
KW - Tau
KW - Y-maze
KW - β-amyloid
U2 - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2718-07.2007
DO - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2718-07.2007
JO - Journal of Neuroscience
JF - Journal of Neuroscience


Can dogs eat white chocolate?
you may ask yourself can my dog eat white chocolate?
Dogs can NOT eat white chocolate!
Even the name of chocolate makes our mouth watery. You will hardly find anyone who doesn't love eating chocolate. You share so many things with your best friend, your pet. But can you share chocolates with your canine friend?
Dogs would love to enjoy a chocolate treat but is it safe for them? Can dogs eat chocolate? Do you know chocolates can be fatal for dogs? This is a bad news you cannot share your chocolate with your canine companion.
Be it dark or white chocolate, dogs are not recommended to eat them. Do you know even licking a bowl of white chocolate can make your dog fall sick? What make white chocolate toxic for your dogs?
It is the chemical ingredient known as bromine present in the white chocolate that is extremely toxic for dogs. When your dog eats white chocolates, it affects his/her kidneys, heart, nervous system and metabolic activities.
Your friend will suffer from impatient attitude, peeing trouble, loss of consciousness, dehydration and so on. Don't take risk and supply white chocolate to your dog. There is every possibility that the dog gets affective in the negative manner.
Do you know the level of danger depends on the quantity of chocolate your pet consumes along with the breed or species of the dog? You must keep your dog away from every kind of chocolate and avoid fatal situations. Whether chocolate is consumed in small quantity or large, it is extremely dangerous and harmful for dogs. Therefore, avoid giving white chocolate to your canine friend.


Patchwork in bright flowers, this distinctive tribute conveys a heartfelt memorial: roses for divine love, iris for fidelity and hydrangea for enlightenment. Each heart-shaped tribute is covered with roses, hydrangea and chrysanthemums. Arrives on an easel.


text:
Michael Borrus
X/Seed Capital
General Partner
Michael Borrus is the founding General Partner of X/Seed Capital Management. Prior to founding X/Seed, Michael was an EIR at Mohr Davidow Ventures. From 1999 to 2004, Michael led the technology banking unit at The Petkevich Group, a financial services start-up. Before that, Michael was Adjunct Professor in UC Berkeley's College of Engineering and a partner in the business consulting firm, Industry and Trade Strategies. While at Berkeley, he co-founded the Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy. He has authored three books and more than 70 chapters, articles, and monographs on topics such as management of technology, high technology competition, international trade and investment, and financial strategies for technology companies. Much of his academic and consulting work focused on how business models need to adjust to exploit new market opportunities or adapt to new competitors. Michael serves on several National Academy of Science/National Research Council steering committees including serving as Vice-Chairman of the Committee on Competing in the 21st Century. He also serves on the UC Berkeley School of Mechanical Engineering External Advisory Board. He holds a BA degree from Princeton University, MA from UC Berkeley, and JD from Harvard Law School.
Social Science Advisory Board

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
OpenDaylight Partner Ecosystem
Supporting the open and flexible telco cloud (The Mobile Network) OpenDaylight Oxygen: With Age Comes Maturity and Production Stability
Techies at Mobile World Congress Getting Coffee
Posted March 15, 2018 · Add Comment
Kontron's Tania Piunno recently sat down for an interesting one-on-one talk with Andrew McLachlan, VP of Engineering at Inocybe Technologies, during Mobile World Congress 2018 in Barcelona, Spain. It was a pleasure to discuss 'network evolution' and get Andrew's viewpoint on how operators are following the software-centric approach to service delivery within the scope of software-defined networking (SDN) and network functions virtualization (NFV) to enhance their networks, today.
Tania: In a nutshell, what is it about SDN that makes it so appealing?
Andrew: SDN is changing the way we manage and design networks. With the help of SDN, both network design and management have become a lot easier and much more innovative. SDN can be described as having two main functions: it separates the control plane – which decides how traffic is handled, from the data plane – whose elements such as routers and switches are responsible for directing and forwarding the traffic. It also merges the control plane so that it can control multiple elements at the same time. The control of all these elements comes from a well-defined API.
Tania: From an engineering perspective, where is SDN going from here?
Andrew: When looking at the future of SDN, perhaps it's useful to go back in time and consider what the original problems were, that we looked to SDN to address. A fundamental issue was always how organizations needed to accelerate service creation and turn-up. One aspect of the problem belonged to customer-facing activities such as the "service" configuration. At that time, there was no easy way to separate the network control plane into infrastructure and service, or, for the underlying infrastructure to be abstracted from the applications. This made network management tasks such as controlling router behavior / config extremely difficult.
Out of those situations came the massive operational support system (OSS) overhead. In examining what service providers spent on OpEx, their OSS costs never really ended, and only increased with each new service. Plus, they had to buy the physical devices such as routers/switches as a one-time cost plus any ongoing costs for maintenance and support.
What programmatic interfaces and modeling languages help us achieve is a more common interface to devices and their functions. YANG, for example, is the data modeling language used to describe the functionality on the device. It's relatively easy to learn and can efficiently support the definition of operations on a device via remote procedure calls (RPCs).
Initially the emergence of the OpenFlow protocol made network control directly programmable. However, as an implementation it took some time for the code base to mature, mostly due to not learning from past implementations of hardware switching. The philosophy back then was, "Why should we buy expensive hardware? Can't we just build a switch out of commodity hardware?"
True. You can do that, but initial implementation did not take into account a lot of the "why" when switching software and hardware had arrived at the standards and implementations of current platforms. In an operational world, traffic can't simply just be thrown away and/or be given 'another shot', while processing a flow of action from a remote SDN controller. Local control planes exist for good reason.
Over the last few years, we have seen NETCONF become a go-to protocol for providing a programmatic configuration interface. This has enabled non-network developers using device models to create applications to drive network services. We have seen a radical shift in the skills needed to operate networks and build services, away from CLI toolkit and into a web developer area.
Another pivotal point has been 'commodity hardware' which has greatly impacted the landscape of IT infrastructure. Equipment is now more affordable and, in using open source and open standards, has increased IT/OSS compatibility.
As a result, a new breed of hardware manufacturers has emerged. They are using commodity hardware to maximize their savings and reap the benefits of an open source approach and further enable SDN.
With organizations now virtualizing their networks, it is really only in using a combination of SDN, commodity hardware and open-source that the cost model can change to support the scale now needed for service deployment.
Control of the infrastructure, and the desire for a web-centric language, is where we find SDN Controllers being deployed.
OpenDaylight (ODL) has emerged as the dominant controller in the market. It has the largest developer community and with the ever-increasing number of plugins available, can be easily positioned for a wide range of functions.
For me, one of the key technologies in OpenDaylight is that of auto code generation. This makes it an easy choice for deployment and development. Being model-driven, OpenDaylight is a platform by which, when given models, can autogenerate all the code needed for a developer to interface with devices/services via REST and JAVA.
Connecting a compatible NETCONF device to ODL will allow for automatic ingestion of the device models on the device, into ODL. Essentially, the device's feature set is then self-describing, beginning with ODL, then in runtime, and finally generating all the code needed.
The time and cost savings are considerable when compared to a traditional OSS stack, where code has to be written all the way down the stack from the OSS to the device's individual interface; CLI interpretation, for example.
Tania: When it comes to service providers and enterprises, where are we now?
Andrew: Certainly around controllers and defining modeling languages such as Tosca and YANG, we have reached a production-ready deployable technology for SDN. I believe that in order to move forward in NFV and SDN programming tools, there should be a fundamental rethink as to what services we want to carry forward. It is potentially unwise to take complex legacy services in their entirety and migrate them to a fully virtualized environment. History teaches us that this is rarely successful. Perhaps part of SDN's role is to enable us to move faster from legacy.
With the drastic increase in available bandwidth, whether fixed or wireless, customers are able to consume applications of all types in a very disaggregated way, compared to previous models. Services have for the most part become OTT, and not embedded in the lower layers of the infrastructure.
Complex vertical OSS integration, which was always the long tail for deployment, is making way for today's rapid deployment cycles and perhaps more importantly, rapid decommissioning. The trend that we are seeing is that many services come and go extremely quickly and it's just not possible to scale up and down rapidly enough when they are physically attached to the infrastructure.
This is where SDN shines – by enabling rapid change. Coupling SDN with flexible and programmable hardware, we now have some very powerful tools to help us move forward as an industry.
Inocybe is thrilled to announce our recent partnership with Kontron to bring to the service provider and enterprise communities, newly integrated open networking switches designed to work seamlessly with an OpenSwitch-based NOS that is controlled by an OpenDaylight SDN controller.
The feedback was extremely positive during Mobile World Congress as the integration done by Inocybe between OpenSwitch and OpenDaylight has enabled a faster path to a modern application development environment, where non-network engineers can write network apps in their preferred language (for example, Python) without requiring expertise with Java. This integration also enables the end user to have a single, common interface that is model-driven and enables them to manage both physical and virtual switches through a single switch NOS. As we move forward, we are working with Kontron to continue to develop a more complete portfolio to simplify NFVi and white box deployments for our customers.
What successes or challenges have you faced with software defined networking? Is the path to 'open' switching one you see in your future deployments?
This blog was originally posted to Kontron's SYMKLOUD website: https://blog.symkloud.com/techies-at-mwc-kontron-interview-with-inocybe
Inocybe + OPNFV Community POC: Virtual Central Office
Inocybe's Service Function Chaining Using OpenDaylight
Inocybe's OpenDaylight Partner Ecosystem
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Making a Case for OpenDaylight: Getting Executive Approval in Your Organization
OpenDaylight State of the Art Use Cases: What Organizations Are Deploying Now
OpenDaylight Beyond Networking
OpenDaylight's Evolution to Commercial-Grade SDN
OpenDaylight Best Practices
Adding Scala Into OpenDaylight
Expanding Network Possibilities with OpenDaylightI have been studying and working with Software Defined Networks [...]
Thoughts on Broadcom Acquisition of BrocadeWritten by Andy Salo COO of Inocybe Technologies Congratulations to [...]
DLUX as a Component Based Application (by Maxime Millette-Coulombe)Angular 1.5 include a new service called 'component'. This service [...]
Configuring an LDAP server in OpenDaylight (by Icaro Camelo)OpenDaylight uses a security framework called Apache Shiro to provide [...]
John Zannos is speaking at Open Networking Summit Europe (27 September 11:15 - 11:45)Come by see Inocybe's General Manager John Zannos and Javier [...]
Kontron communications business acquires InocybePRESS RELEASE Kontron communications business acquires Inocybe [...]
OpenSwitch debuts another software release and announces new members (Mike Robuck, FierceTelecom)OpenSwitch (OPX) announced the availability of a new software release [...]
SDN, machine learning could lead to intelligent networks (Jennifer English, SearchSDN)The notion of open networking continues to gain traction as [...]
"Great stuff. Will be super useful :)"
on Navigating the OpenDaylight […]
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The Environics Institute
The site has a new sponsor this month. It is the Environics Institute, a non-profit organization that conducts public opinion research. Considering that its work might be of particular interest to readers of ThreeHundredEight, I asked Dr. Keith Neuman, Executive Director of the Environics Institute, to provide us with an introduction to his organization.
308: Could you tell us a bit about the Environics Institute and its mission?
KN - The Environics Institute is the only organization in Canada to focus on public opinion and social research in the public interest (as a non-profit entity). It was founded in 2006 by Michael Adams (also co-founder of the commercial company Environics Research Group in 1970), when he realized there was no entity in Canada like the respected Pew Research Center in the US doing independent public interest research.
Our initial project was the first-ever national survey of Muslims in Canada, based closely on a similar survey Pew conducted in five European countries and the USA. September 11th made Muslims the new "other" group in the western world, and this community was poorly understood and treated with suspicion. The survey results provided a more accurate and constructive picture of our country's Muslim population, in part by demonstrating how much they share in common with other Canadians. It was well covered in the media (thanks to a partnership with the CBC) and much appreciated by the Muslim community.
The Institute's mission is to promote relevant and original public opinion and social research on important issues of public policy and social change in Canada. The underlying premise is that through such research that organizations in all sectors, as well as individuals, can better our country today, how it has been changing, and where it may be heading. A major focus of the Institute's mandate is to survey individuals and groups not usually heard from, asking questions not normally asked. All of our research is in the public domain (available through our website at www.environicsinstitute.org), and in most cases we publicize our studies in partnership with major media organizations such as the CBC and the Globe and Mail.
In addition to conducting its own research projects, the Institute promotes the importance and use of public opinion research as important input into public policy and decision-making. We also aim to serve as a centre of excellence for responsible public opinion research methods and application, through education, training and consulting.
308: Does the Institute do any political polling?
KN - The short answer is no. The mandate of the Institute is to conduct important research that is not being done by other organizations, to address important gaps in our knowledge and understanding. Political polling is being well covered by others in Canada, and so is not an area where we need to direct our efforts. We do have an interest in the broader topics of democracy and civic engagement, and this is reflected in some of our studies.
308: What kind of research has the Institute done in the past?
KN - Our research falls into three broad streams:
1. Our most substantial projects focus on conducting meaningful research with poorly-understood and often marginalized parts of our country's diverse population. In addition to our survey of Muslims (which we hope to update this fall), the Institute conducted the landmark Urban Aboriginal Peoples Study (www.uaps.ca), which was the first to focus on Aboriginal communities in our cities (more than half of our Aboriginal population now lives in cities). We are currently in the early stages of launching a major study of the diverse Black community in the Greater Toronto Area. For these projects we use a community-based research model, in which we actively engage the community being studied in all phases of the project, including an initial scoping of the issues to be addressed.
2. Our second stream addresses the Canadian population as a whole, and focuses on building understanding of Canadian public opinion on public policy and social trends as they are today and how they are changing over time. Our signature project is Focus Canada, which is the longest-running public opinion research program in Canada (launched in 1976) that provides a credible, independent and sustained source of Canadian public opinion on important issues facing the country.
Focus Canada was a syndicated study conducted on a quarterly basis by Environics Research until 2009 when the federal government instituted a moratorium prohibiting its own use of any form of syndicated public opinion research. In 2010, the Environics Institute took over Focus Canada as a non-profit project and is now conducting it as an annual survey. The emphasis is on continuing the ongoing tracking at the national and regional levels to identify how Canadian public opinion is changing (or not) over time on a wide range of issues.
3. Finally, the Institute also conducts research that places Canada in an international context, to help us better understand how current and shifting public opinion and social values in this country compare with what is happening in other parts of the world. For instance, the Environics Institute was the Canadian partner in the 2012 AmericasBarometer (www.AmericasBarometer.org), a multi-country public opinion survey on democracy and governance across the Americas that is conducted every two years by a consortium of academic and think tank partners in the hemisphere.
308: What are some of the most interesting findings you've had in your research?
KN - There are many interesting and often counter-intuitive findings from our research, including the following:
· Most Muslims in this country want to fit in and be part of broader society, but most other Canadians think they do not. This is an example of where research can uncover a positive story that can lead to broader public acceptance (2006 Survey of Muslims in Canada).
· Canadians feel strongly connected to the world outside the country's borders, and this is reflected in a variety of ways. This includes a substantial financial contribution to international organizations and family members (i.e. through remittances), which in 2007 was estimated to total $27 billion, dwarfing the federal government's official development assistance total of $4 billion (Canada's World Poll, 2008).
· Contrary to popular belief, most Aboriginal Peoples living in Canadian cities are not transient, but have made the city their home and is where they want to be. For many, the city is proving to be a venue for creative development of Aboriginal culture, rather than remaining bound to rural traditions. The overall picture of Aboriginal life in the city is very different from what one sees on most of the country's reserves (Urban Aboriginal Peoples Study, 2008-09).
· Canadians believe being a good citizen is more than having a passport and obeying the law. Just as important are having an active commitment to ones community, and being accepting of others who are different. Moreover, Canadian-born and foreign-born citizens share a remarkably similar vision of what it means to be a good citizen (Canadians on Citizenship, 2012).
308: My readers might be more familiar with the Environics Research Group, which does political polling. Can you explain how the two organizations are different?
The Environics Research Group is one of Canada's leading public opinion and market research companies, and as such is a commercial, for-profit business that conducts research on behalf of its clients. The Environics Institute is a non-profit entity that conducts its own research or collaborates with partners in launching joint projects that would not otherwise be done. The Institute has no formal business or financial relationship with Environics Research (or with other businesses that are part of the Environics Group of Companies). The Institute maintains its own financial and administrative systems, its own website and social media presence, and has an external Board of Directors.
Thanks to Dr. Neuman for taking the time to answer these questions, and I hope some of you will take a look at the work the Institute is doing.
Turnout and the Ontario by-elections
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Third place finishers at Sands Tourney: Freddy Araiza, Coach Billy Quinn, Jayson Walden, Blake Boren, Ricky Fontenot, Bryan Smith, Carson Kirkpatrick, Campbell Kirkpatrick, and Dylan Pearson.
Published Dec. 6, 2011 @ 12:55 p.m.
The varsity Antelopes played at a tournament in Roby and the JV Lopes competed in the Sands Tourney this past weekend.
The elder team came away with one win and two losses making their record 2-4 on the young season.
The junior varsity guys brought home a third place plaque winning two of three games improving to 3 and 3. In that game against Crane, Coach Billy Quinn commented it was a "great win by the guys who did another good job on defense. The guys also did a good job of pushing the ball up the floor and getting some easy transition points." The JV Lopes won that game 44-34 with both Campbell Kirkpatrick and Freddy Araiza contributing 10 points each.
Both teams travel to Roby for a regular pre-district game Tuesday. The JV plays at 4:00 and the varsity at 5:30.
Scoring: Post - Perez 15, Corbin McDonald 12, Tay. Soto 6, Holly 4, Tav.Soto 2. Albany – Hamilton 16, Petree 12, Pleasant 10, Edington 10, Bumguardner 4.
Post scoring: C. McDonald 14, Holly 12, Perez 12, Soto Tay 4, D. McDonald 4.
Post scoring: C. McDonald 8, Holly 7, Blair 6, Perez 6, Tav. Soto 3, Tay. Soto 3.
Post Scoring: Freddy Araiza 10, Brian Smith 8, Campbell Kirkpatrick 6, Blake Boren 3.
Post scoring: Freddy Araiza 12, Campbell Kirkpatrick 12, Blake Boren 5, Carson Kirkpatrick 5, Brian Smith 4.
Coach Quinn - We played a solid game. Our defensive effort kept us in the game early. In the 4th quarter that same defense created several turnovers that resulted in easy layups and allowed us to pull away.
Post scoring: Campbell Kirkpatrick 10, Freddy Araiza 10, Blake Boren 9, Carson Kirkpatrick 7, Brian Smith 6, Ricky Fontenot 2. Post record: 3-3.


I have sat down to write this I don't know how many times. Why it's happening at the crack of dawn today I have no idea but here it is. Three of the four house pups are rallied around me as I write. Ok, they aren't so much rallied as bribed by rawhide chews to keep three of the four most co-dependant dogs busy while I attempt to write. They are the reason I was up at the ungodly hour of 5am when I didn't have to be in the first place. Instead of being upset about that I am attempting to see it as divine canine intervention.
Or as a friend and I like to say: CDO. Because all the letters should have been put in alphabetical order!
Unless you have OCD is really no way for me to be able to convey to you in a realistic way what it is like living with a wild brain. Most people have this idea that if you have OCD that you are completely organized, your house, car and pets are spotless at all times, your kids all match, your partner always has everything they need going out the door and you are never late. Um yeah, not so much for all of us gifted with OCD.
Most mornings I wake up with my brain already in high gear before I open my eyes fully, much less get a mug of tea in my hands and get the dogs out. I will be plagued by some weird, repeating non sequitur that will not leave me alone or I have to run ABBA and the entire cast of Mama Mia out of town. If you had any idea how many mornings I woke up with a former Secretary General of the UN's name running through my head you would not believe me!


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'Something wasn't clicking': WSU study shows offspring of pregnant rats exposed to THC have impaired development
Originally published November 20, 2018 at 6:00 am Updated November 20, 2018 at 8:03 am
The offspring of lab rats that were exposed to marijuana smoke during pregnancy took longer to learn and comprehend tasks than rats whose mothers weren't exposed to THC, researchers found.
Erik Lacitis
At Washington State University, researchers placed pregnant rats in a small transparent chamber, and 60 times a day, for 2 minutes at a time, the moms-to-be got hit with a blast of vaporized cannabis extract.
Photographs show the white haze, sometimes shooting right at the nostrils of the curious animals, sometimes engulfing their tiny heads. The female rats began getting stoned during the week of their mating period, and then for the 21 days of gestation.
The results were another warning for mothers-to-be who like to light up. The offspring of the rats that ingested marijuana during pregnancy showed slowed development. Or, in layman's terms, "It was like something wasn't clicking with them," explains Ryan McLaughlin, an assistant professor in WSU's Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience.
Rat offspring exposed to THC — tetrahydrocannabinol, the chief psychoactive ingredient in cannabis — and others that were not had to learn how to press one of two levers to get a sugar pellet reward. The correct lever was the one nearest a light.
But then, the next day, there was a change. The rats had to press a right or left lever to get a reward, not the one closest to the light.
The offspring of rats that never inhaled only took 50 to 70 attempts to figure that out and get 10 correct in a row, says McLaughlin.
The THC-exposed offspring had trouble adjusting. A lot more trouble adjusting.
Says McLaughlin, that when the THC-exposed offspring had to deal with pressing either lever giving them a reward, "They had a deficit in flexibility in their ability to update strategies. They were significantly impaired."
They needed 100 to 120 attempts, twice as many, to get 10 correct in a row.
How this research translates to people is that rats share with us 90 percent of their genome, an organism's complete set of DNA. Nearly all disease-linked human genes have equivalent genes within the rat genome.
Although only a small percentage of pregnant women say they smoked pot in the past month, their use has dramatically increased, according to a 2017 study in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
Nationally, it has jumped by 62 percent from 2002 to 2014, to 4 percent of total pregnant women.
In Washington, the discharge papers for pregnant women staying at hospitals — presumably for delivery but perhaps other reasons — indicate whether they had used drugs. The number of moms who said they had used marijuana but not any other drugs has "been steadily rising," says a 2016 report by the state's Health Services Research Project.
Between 2011 and 2014, that number jumped by 24 percent to a high of 8 per every 1,000 cases, says the report. Marijuana was legalized in Washington state in November 2012.
The highest rates were in southwest Washington, in rural counties like Pacific and Cowlitz counties; and in northeast Washington, places such as Ferry and Pend Oreille counties.
Seattle and the north Puget Sound counties were among the lowest.
"Now that it's legal, use of marijuana for medical purposes is commonly accepted," says McLaughlin. "Yet we don't know the long-term effects of cannabis use, especially in developing brains."
An August story in Kaiser Health News tells of online communities of groups like "Ganja Mommies" and "CannaMoms."
"The chats are filled with women asking not whether marijuana could be harmful, but rather whether smoking marijuana could put them at risk of involvement from Child Protective Services," according to the story.
A posting: "I live in Georgia. … I'm only 5 weeks but I plan to keep smoking since there's no evidence of it being harmful. Has anyone given birth here without being tested?"
We should be flooded with warnings for pregnant women about pot use, said Susan Astley, a University of Washington epidemiology professor.
By state law, marijuana packaging has to have attached, or the customer has to be given, a warning that includes, "Should not be used by women that are pregnant or breast feeding."
But Astley says that's not enough.
With alcohol and pregnancy, "It took 30, 40 years of education," she says. "And now here we go with marijuana."
She wants a publicity push about pot and pregnancy like there was with alcohol and pregnancy.
One such alcohol warning poster shows a drawing of a pregnant woman drinking from a bottle, and the booze going directly to the baby. Another shows a fetus drinking a glass of red wine. The headline says, "Say NO to alcohol while pregnant."
Astley's area of expertise is fetal-alcohol disorders, but in 1990 she did one of the early studies on women who use marijuana and breast-feed.
She concluded it was "associated with a decrease in infant motor development at one year of age."
That meant at age 1, a THC-exposed infant was lagging and only at the six-month stage in crawling or beginning to sit up.
"THC likes to concentrate in fat, and breast milk is very high in fat," says Astley.
McLaughlin says he wants to continue with further refinements to the study.
The first time the rats are exposed to THC vapors, he says, they "tend to make little runs" in the enclosure. "They're very afraid of new things."
But then you see some rats directly poking their noses into the cloud.
"It seems like they're like intrinsically interested in vapor," says McLaughlin.
Erik Lacitis: 206-464-2237 or elacitis@seattletimes.com; on Twitter: @ErikLacitis.


text:
Q: Custom DateTime format What's the DateTime format "2011-09-12T10:28:55Z"?
How can I get it using ToString()?
I didn't get any information in Microsoft's documents about it. Nothing similar like this.

A: You can get that using ToString with:
var text = date.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z'",
                         CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);

I don't believe there's a standard date/time format which covers this, unfortunately.
Of course, if it's not already a UTC date/time then it'll be lying (that's what the 'Z' bit means). You can call DateTime.ToUniversalTime() to convert it, of course.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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We are your year 'round grape solutionClick here to see products that fit into your programs
California Grapes
Our delicious California grapes are now in season! Recent studies have shown that when grapes are on the menu, kids eat more fresh produce and throw away less. Kids Love Grapes. Whether grapes are eaten off the stem, out of a bag, or from a salad bar, kids will come running.
School Foodservice directors are on the lookout for ways to increase meal consumption. Suggesting grapes will not only increase participation, but will also reduce waste.
California grapes are a perfect fit for:
FFV Program
Contact an HMC Farms representative for more information: 1-800-586-2428
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HMC Lunch Bunch
There are many programs available to help schools serve more fresh produce. HMC Farms provides grapes in formats that work perfectly with these programs. Below are some examples of these opportunities:
National School Lunch Program (NSLP) The National School Lunch Program is a federally assisted meal program operating in public and nonprofit private schools and residential child care institutions. It provides nutritionally balanced, low-cost or free lunches to children each school day.
School Breakfast Program (SBP) The School Breakfast Program provides cash assistance to states to operate nonprofit breakfast programs in schools and residential childcare institutions. The Food and Nutrition service administers the SBP at the Federal level.
The goal of the FFVP is to introduce children to fresh fruits and vegetables, to include new and different varieties, and to increase overall acceptance and consumption of fresh, unprocessed produce among children.
DoD Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program
Through the Department of Defense Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has been able to offer schools a wider variety of fresh produce than would normally be available through USDA purchases. USDA has met with DoD, and expressed its desire that local procurement efforts should be further increased, and we are aware that DoD is procuring locally to the greatest extent possible, consistent with season and quality
National Farm to School Grant Program
Section 18 of the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act was amended to create a Farm to School Progam to:
Distribute grant funding to improve access to local foods in schools;
Provide training and technical assistance to improve access to local foods in schools;
Disseminate research and data on existing programs and opportunities for expansion.
On an annual basis, USDA awards up to $5 million in competitive grants for training, supporting operations, planning, purchasing equipment, developing school gardens, developing partnerships, and implementing farm to school programs. For FY 2018, we offer the following grants:
Afterschool Snack program
The NSLP Afterschool Snack Service offers cash reimbursement to help SFAs provide a nutritional boost to children enrolled in afterschool activities. Participating SFAs receive cash subsidies from the USDA for each reimbursable snack they serve (up to one reimbursement per participant per day). In return, they must serve snacks that meet Federal requirements and must offer free or reduced price snacks to eligible children.
The Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) ensures that low-income children continue to receive nutritious meals when school is not in session.
This summer, USDA plans to serve more than 200 million free meals to children 18 years and under at approved SFSP sites.
Help us ensure that no child goes hungry this summer.
Offer grapes in formats that make them easier to enjoy, in order to increase kids' access to healthy, fresh fruit.
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