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Fringe comedy debut: Russ Powell
The comedian appears for the first time at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival 2013
What do you think might work out as the best piece of advice you receive ahead of your Fringe debut?
I don't think it just applies to the Fringe but to doing stand-up in general, but one of the best pieces of advice I've ever received was from Imran Yusuf whose simple wisdom was to 'just have fun'. That and my best friend telling me to 'not be rubbish for the whole month'. I'm always one for constructive criticism.
What do you expect will be the least useful piece of advice?
My mum telling me not to stay up too late whilst I'm up there. My show's at 10.45 every night. Bless her.
Imagine this is September: looking back at August, what would constitute a successful Fringe?
I think a successful Fringe for me would consist of a combination of vastly positive reviews, exposure on all the major media outlets, maybe a cheeky award nomination or two and my own prime-time TV series. Failing that, returning home with some semblance of my sanity intact and having lost a bit of weight from all the walking I'll be doing would be a success for me.
In krugerrands, how much do you expect to lose during the Fringe?
Firstly, I had to google what a krugerrand is. I thought it was something to do with Nightmare on Elm Street. Secondly, I've been lucky in that I secured a development deal earlier this year so the money from that is paying for the majority of my Fringe expenses. However, I've still got to feed myself for the month and with a krugerrand currently worth about £900, that'll cost me about four or five I reckon. Six if there's a burrito restaurant near my flat.
Back in the old days, there used to be a thing called 'the festival shag'. Is this ancient tradition likely to play any part in your thinking during August?
I don't think my fiancé would be too happy about me bringing a load of carpet back home.
Back in the old days, comedians would drink alcohol solidly for a whole month and still manage to get out and do their show every day: how much are you likely to imbibe per day?
I'm not a massive drinker to be honest, but I'm sure with their being no need to drive anywhere and having lots of friends in close proximity, a fair few pints will be put away over the duration. I tend not to drink before I go on stage as I like to keep sharp to deal with any 'more vocal' audience members. Having said that, I will get trollied before I do Late'n'Live on the 21st just so I can get through it.
What qualities do you expect from a Fringe venue?
The key three of proper sound, light and stage need to be there. I like Fringe venues to be quite intimate too as I like to engage with the audience fully and it adds to the personal, confessional nature of my show. I'm in the Pleasance Attic so I've got all those things nailed down really.
Will you read your reviews before your run is over and if so, how do you think they will affect you as a comedian and as a human being?
I definitely will read the reviews. With social media and things like that, they'll be almost impossible to ignore so you may as well embrace that and give them a read. Whether I pay any attention to what they say though depends entirely on how complimentary they are. I don't think reviews would affect me too greatly if they were negative though. I'm confident in the quality of my show and one person's view shouldn't cloud your self-belief. If multiple negative reviews come in though, well …
Next year, will you consider returning as a double act?
With the progress in cloning it could be a possibility. I don't know if people could handle two of me for a whole hour though.
If you are in a double act, will you consider returning solo next year?
So I'd have to then dump my own clone? I don't think I could do that to him. Poor old Russ 2.0.
Do you undertake any superstitious rituals before going on stage?
It's not so much a ritual but I always listen to music on the way to a gig, and I'll get obsessed with a certain number of songs. They change all the time but at the moment it's 'Can You Give It' by The Maccabees, 'Garden' by TEED, 'Fancy Dress' by Don Broco and 'Ready to Roll' by Philadelphia Grand Jury. Just before I hit the stage though you'll find me pacing back and forward clicking my fingers and clapping my hands, like some kind of bizarre amalgamation of Morse code and sign language. I feel like it gets any nervous energy out and helps me concentrate on my set.
If you were about to perform at the Fringe for your tenth year, where would you expect your career to be at that point?
I don't really like to plan that far in advance because I think if you concentrate too intently on one path and one goal you might miss other opportunities that appear along the way. Why limit yourself to just one area of interest? Having said that, after ten years of Fringeing I'd like to be coming back as a well-respected stand-up, writer and actor and in a position to be playing the bigger rooms to sell out audiences whilst still 'just having fun'.
Pleasance Courtyard, 556 6550, 4–26 Aug, 10.45pm, £7.50–£9.50 (£6.50–£9). Previews 31 Jul–2 Aug, £6.
Russ Powell Show Reel 2012
Russ Powell: Powell to the People
Live Nation Presents…. Join comedy's hottest property Russ Powell as he takes you on a twisting, turning tour through his life, loves and lunches to show you how he's spent his years bringing Powell to the People. Since doing his first gig as a dare just a few years ago, Russ has gone on to perform at some of the biggest…
www.russpowellcomedy.com
Fringe comedy debut: Christian O'Connell(6 Aug 2013)
The stand-up debuts his solo hour at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe 2013
Russ Powell: Powell to the People (5 Aug 2013)
The Brighton native comedian performs with confident and pally style but lacks quality material
Comedy Fringe Debut: Liam Williams(2 Aug 2013)
Fringe comedy debut: Rhys Nicholson(2 Aug 2013)
Australian comedian appears for the first time at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival 2013
Fringe comedy debut: Lee Kyle(1 Aug 2013)
Fringe comedy debut: Katie Mulgrew(31 Jul 2013)
Fringe comedy debut: Matt Okine(31 Jul 2013)
Fringe comedy debut: Carly Smallman(26 Jul 2013)
The comedian performs debut solo show at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival 2013
Fringe comedy debut
Powell to the People


Exposure to ionising radiation results in severe alterations of biliary physiology which are manifested in particular by changes in the profiles of bile acids that are released into the gut via the bile. These changes may contribute to radio-induced gastrointestinal damage and subsequent diarrhoea. Among mechanisms that may be implicated in the change of the profiles, alteration of intestinal bile acid reabsorption and modification of hepatic bile acid biosynthesis are probably the major ones. Hepatic biosynthesis of bile acids from cholesterol is dependent on enzymes of the P450 cytochrome family according to two major pathways. In the neutral (classic) pathway biosynthesis is initiated by the microsomal cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and in the acidic (alternative) pathway by the mitochondrial cholesterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) and the microsomal oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7B1).In man and in some experimental animals these two synthetic pathways result in the production of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) or to cholic acid (CA) after hydroxylation by the microsomal sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase (CYP8B1). Thus, the aim of this work was to determine the activities of these four major enzymes implicated in bile acid biosynthesis (CYP7A1, CYP27A1, CYP7B1 and CYP8B1) after exposure to ionising radiation. This study was carried out in the rat 4 days after a whole body 8 Gy gamma 60Co irradiation. In the liver, irradiation leads to a decreased activity of CYP7A1 (-51%) and CYP7B1 (-90%). On the other hand, activity of both CYP27A1 and CYP8B1 was not modified by irradiation. Concomitantly, in the bile, changed proportions of individual bile acids in the pool of total bile salts were observed: ratio CA/CDCA was increased (x2.7). These results show, for the first time, that exposure to ionising radiation leads to an inhibition of the two "7alpha-hydroxylase" CYP7A1 and CYP7B1 microsomal P450 cytochrome activities. This change participates probably in the changed profile observed in the bile of irradiated rats. Moreover, it suggests that irradiation which modifies enterohepatic recirculation of bile salts by decreasing intestinal bile salt reabsorption also alters metabolism of bile acids by affecting some of the major enzymatic activities implicated in their biosynthesis. This work was done in collaboration with "Université d'Orsay".


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Q: How should I set the text position? http://oi62.tinypic.com/33lo87l.jpg

The navigation and banner both are in a single file. 'banner.php'
I want to position the "Login Successfully" text just besides the navigation!
I tried margin-top:0px; but still its displaying after the contents of banner.php
My CSS:
#container{
    background-color:white;
    margin-left:auto;
    margin-right:auto;
    width:800px;
    height:auto;
}

#content_container{
    background-color:red;
    text-align:left;
    margin-top:0px;
    margin-left:155px;
}

body {
    background-image:url(thebackground.png);
    width:100%;
}

This is the HTML code:

<?php include 'banner.php'; ?>

Login Successful <?php echo $_SESSION['username']?>

The CSS Code of Banner.php:

A: If banner is div (list) or any block element you should use float:
#nav{
  width: 200px;
  float: left;
}

#content_container {
  width: 600px;
  float: left;
}

and then clear using some clearfix method. In additon you set width of #nav to 800px. It shouldn't rather take the whole screen.Possible clearfix methods are presented here: http://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/clear-fix/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Please, O Phoebus our defender, may you now listen to my prayer, though it is muffled; for I do not make my plea among friends, nor does it suit me to unfold it all  to the light while she [Electra] stands near me, lest by her malice and a cry of her clamorous tongue she sow reckless rumors through the whole city. Nevertheless, hear me thus, since in this way I will speak. That vision which I saw last night  in ambiguous dreams--if its appearance was to my good, grant, Lycean king, that it be fulfilled; but if to my harm, then hurl it back upon those who would harm me. And if any are plotting to eject me by treachery from my present prosperity, do not permit them.  Rather grant that living forever unharmed as I am I may govern the house of the sons of Atreus and their throne, sharing prosperous days with the friends who share them now, and with those of my children who feel no enmity or bitterness towards me.  O Lycean Apollo, hear these prayers with favor, and grant them to us all just as we ask! As for all my other prayers, though I am silent, I judge that you, a god, must know them, since it is appropriate that Zeus's children see all.
By way of background, Clytemnestra was Agamemnon's wife and mother of his children (who included Orestes and Electra). While Agamemnon was away fighting in the Trojan War, Aegisthus seduced Clytemnestra. When Agamemnon returned home, Clytemnestra and Aegisthus murdered him. After the murder, Clytemnestra makes this prayer to Apollo (also called here Phoebus and Lycean king).
Two things about this prayer intrigue me. The first is the request concerning the vision Clytemnestra saw in a dream: "If its appearance was to my good, grant, Lycean king, that it be fulfilled; but if to my harm, then hurl it back upon those who would harm me." This is one of several passages from Greek and Latin literature in which petitioners beg the gods to transfer an evil from one place to another, or from one person to another. It's almost as if the amount of evil in the world is constant, and evil cannot be destroyed but can only change location. Apollo in his role as Averter of Evil (Latin averruncus, Greek alexeterios, alexikakos, aleximoros, apotropaios) is especially skilled at transferring evil in this way.
What is it, then, that the Pythagoreans mean when they bid us "pray with the voice" [μετὰ φωνῆς εὔχεσθαι]? As seems to me, not that they thought the Divinity could not hear those who speak silently, but because they wished prayers to be right, which no one would be ashamed to make in the knowledge of many.


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Q: Copy and install exe on azure vm via powershell I'm trying to create an Azure VM and then copy an install file to the VM and then silently installing it. I have created a basic Azure Resource Group project, and can create and deploy the VM, but I can't figure out how to do everything from the powershell script.

A: It sounds like you could use a custom script extension to do what you want. In your ARM template, you can specify the url for a file and the command to run; Azure will handle getting the file onto your VM and running it based on your command. Here is an example from the Azure Quickstart Templates: https://github.com/Azure/azure-quickstart-templates/tree/master/windows-vm-custom-script
Hope this helps! :)


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This young woman shocked "The Voice" judges with her cover of a modern country classic
Self-important celebs
This "The Voice" audition was so great, it made Blake Shelton get up and dance
Nicole Moschella, March 8, 2016 1:55 pm
'Annie Hall': Where is the Cast Now?
Silke Jasso, January 19, 2021 4:05 pm
Everything We Know About the Upcoming Elvis Presley Biopic
Pentatonix's "Jolene" Cover With Dolly Parton Won a Grammy
Lauren Pineda, January 18, 2021 5:08 pm
YouTube/The Voice
Brian Nhira, 23, from Tulsa, OK brought his A-game when he decided to perform "Happy" by Pharrell for his blind audition on "The Voice."
His song choice clearly earned him extra points from coach Pharrell but Blake Shelton couldn't help but try to beg Nhira to join his team. When he learned that they both hail from Oklahoma, he thought he might have a shot.
"Okies got to stick together," he said after dancing around to "Happy" and hearing that he had a shot at being Nhira's coach for the season. "That may be all we have to talk about, but that's enough."
Nhira also revealed that he started singing at the age of four and the first song he sang was "Jesus Loves Me." After some coaxing from the audience and the coaches, he sang that song to the crowd.
In the end, Nhira wound up on Pharrell's team. It's always a good idea to butter up the coaches on "The Voice."
About the author: Nicole Moschella, Rare Staff
Nicole is a content editor with Rare.
Reality television series
Singing competition television shows
The Voice (U.S. TV series)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


At Vantage you will deal only with the principals of the firm who have held senior management, marketing and business development roles across a broad range of industry sectors.
This experience has included retailing, manufacturing, FMCG, food, education, exporting, government, health, fitness, financial services, not for profits, reward programs and the oil industry.
From start-ups to mature industries, our perspective will be different because we have experienced real business challenges and delivered successful outcomes.
Working with boards and management teams, James facilitates planning and strategy workshops, assists businesses identify growth initiatives, and mentors and coaches leaders.
James' objective is to deliver practical outcomes that achieve real results. He does this by working alongside CEOS, business owners & GM's helping them plan and execute. The starting point is helping to refine an organisation's competitive advantage.
Prior to setting up Vantage, James was a senior executive in highly competitive markets, including financial services, retail and energy. A seasoned business and marketing strategist, James has developed and introduced new brands, products, services, channels and programs in many industry sectors. He has led high level change management programs including process re-engineering and organisational change.
James has Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Arts degrees, and has completed the Company Directors course and The Role of the Chairman course with the Australian Institute of Company Directors. In 2018 he attended the London Business School to undertake the Exploring Disruption in the Digital Age course.
James works with boards both as an advisor and a director. He is Chairman of the Hocking Stuart group and BIG4 Holiday Parks, Deputy Chair of Greening Australia, and a non executive director of the Connective Group, Circus Oz and Your Porter.
Lisa is an experienced facilitator and consultant with over 20 years of industry experience. Her corporate roles in both the public and private sector enable her to effectively deliver strategy, marketing, project management and facilitation programs tailored to the specific needs of organisations.
Lisa has consulted widely across industries helping companies to develop and refine their strategic direction and to implement their projects and marketing strategies. With her wide-ranging experience she has enjoyed sharing her knowledge and experience through her many training and facilitation roles.
Prior to joining Vantage Lisa was a senior executive in the retail, government, dairy and export marketing industries for the private and public sectors. With a focus on marketing, education and training Lisa's experience is broad based enabling her to effectively deliver training programs tailored to the specific needs of organisations.
To discuss how we can help your business grow contact us today!


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The Planet Is Suffering. How Do We Write About It?
By Leah Worthington
Here's the thing: The climate is warming, our population is growing, resource consumption is surging, and it isn't looking so great for us—or our fellow earth-dwelling organisms. Speaking of which, the UN just released a report warning of "unprecedented" decline in environmental health and the threat of imminent extinction for some 1 million species.
I know, you've heard it a thousand times. Those environmental journalists just won't leave you alone!
But it's not so easy being an environmental journalist right now. As the earth hurtles towards an uncertain future, writers and reporters are also navigating uncharted territory. When it comes to writing about our predicament, how do you tell a story that is truthful without being totally depressing? Appropriately alarming without being alarmist?
I took my questions to the pros: James Fahn and Mark Schapiro, environmental writers and professors at the UC Berkeley School of Journalism. Over the course of several phone calls, Fahn and Schapiro, who teach a graduate course on "Earth Journalism," spoke to me about the state of environmental reporting.
These interviews have been edited for length and clarity.
What exactly is earth journalism, and how does it differ from environmental journalism?
James Fahn: It's broader than just environmental topics, topics related to the environment and natural resources. It's about climate change and loss of natural diversity, public and human health, and politics.
In the U.S. and California issues are treated much more seriously and holistically. For example, today we understand that transportation policy and housing policy is climate policy. All of these issues are understood to be linked and are treated as such.
Mark Schapiro: When I teach at the J-School I call it environmental journalism. They both are correct.
I think earth journalism might be a better term. The root of environmental journalism is the belief that the environment is separate—you have a political reporter who covers politics, a crime reporter who covers crime, and an environmental reporter who covers the environment. It's as if the environment has few implications for all the other issues that the media covers.
Earth journalism might be a more encompassing way to describe it. It makes you understand that the environment, the earth itself, is an organism with ecological systems that are critical in our ability to sustain ourselves.
But you can't give a full picture of all the forces at play and all the ecological systems in every piece.
JF: That's true, you don't always have the time or space. I encourage journalists to cover a wide variety of issues: one day housing as a climate issue, another day housing as a food issue. Some of the best fisheries stories are in the food and dining sections. You cover the issue from many different angles. Not just a technical or scientific story, but also a human story. And it is a story.
MS: This is all about the fundamental elements of storytelling. To do an effective earth journalism story, you have to find place, characters, actions, tension. And the ways in which whatever is happening is impacting [the characters'] ability to sustain themselves. The essential ingredient in storytelling is conflict between one set of interests and another set of interests.
How effectively is earth journalism being done right now?
JF: It varies from place to place. In places with a lot of environmental concern—think blue state America—there's pretty good coverage. In other parts, it doesn't get the coverage it deserves because there's a reluctance to report on issues like climate change openly.
But I think it's changing in the U.S., probably because of extreme weather events and understanding that climate change makes extreme weather more likely.
MS: You know, it used to be hard to sell an environmental story. And I think climate change has changed that. It has contributed to what I think is a lot of great journalism related to environmental questions. And that is in spite of the fact that many newspapers are shutting down.
There's a great concept in the earth sciences which is the trophic cascade, the idea that one thing leads to another leads to another leads to another. Hotter weather leads to new bugs leads to public health crises, and because of that people can no longer subsist, and social systems fall apart. If you look at environmental journalism as identifying the trophic cascades, you realize how everything is connected. You can follow the cascades up and reverse engineer your way to identify the forces.
Not every story is going to be a big climate story. But following those threads is going to give you a more complete picture of the ecological systems that sustain the earth. I don't like the term "natural systems," because that presumes there's some natural state.
But it seems like the kinds of disruptions you're describing presume a natural state.
MS: Let's put it this way: The [environmental] conditions that have reigned for the period in which humans have thrived, which is called the Holocene, are no longer the conditions we're living in. So, we're in completely uncharted territory in terms of the ability to predict the future based on the past. There are high levels of disruption of those patterns that were perceived as being natural.
Recent news suggests that, no matter what we do, we're sort of screwed, climate-wise. How should the narrative change now that we've reached a tipping point?
MS: It's totally critical to ask, who is the 'we'? Some of us are already screwed, and some of us are going to be protected from being completely screwed for at least another couple hundred years.
I get this question all the time—is it over, is there hope? But we don't really unpack it. Are we screwed here in Berkeley? Things are getting a little hotter and drier, but it's not a bad place to live.
There are ways to respond. We can slow down the atmospheric turmoil by reducing the fossil fuels. We're already in climate change, so the idea that we can stop it is ridiculous. The question is what can we do to slow it down?
JF: I think we're in pretty deep trouble. The problem is, there's a huge lag time in the atmosphere. The carbon dioxide that we emit can last for 100 years, so the effects we're seeing today are partly the result of what we did 25, 50, 100 years ago. And we've only increased the emissions over time. So how do you tell that to people? It's really hard.
So, how do you do that?
JF: One approach is to report more on solutions. It has gotten easier because a lot of the solutions have gotten a lot cheaper, a lot more affordable.
Areas where we still struggle are transportation—people love their cars. But even there, there are solutions—electric cars, et cetera. So I think, yes, we need to make the urgency more clear, but we can also mix in reporting on the solutions, saying "this is viable, it's not going to be easy, but we have a way forward."
Environmental journalism is often conflated with environmentalism. What's the difference?
MS: Journalists are not activists. The distinction is so clear. The criteria are: Does your information hold up and are you allowing yourself to test you own hypotheses? It's the scientific method applied to journalism. Like a scientist, the journalist applies the criteria—question, hypothesis—and if you come up with results that you didn't expect, then your obligation is to report that as well.
And yet, environmental journalism suggests an inherent desire to enact change. At what point does that cross over into activism?
JF: Journalists believe that the environment is an important topic to cover. It's important for the public to be aware of these issues and, yes, at some level to act on these issues. What makes us different from activists is we don't have a specific agenda. We will report on policy options, different kinds of solutions. We're reporting on climate change and we think it's an important issue, but we don't claim to have the answers and we're not actively advocating certain solutions.
I think we're in pretty deep trouble. And we've only increased the emissions over time. So how do you tell that to people? It's really hard.
You know, it's not just journalists who face this issue. Scientists have also been grappling with this. The traditional belief is that they're just supposed to do the research. But if you do the research and discover that there's a threat to human civilization….at what point are you required to speak out?
I imagine there's some concern about preaching to the converted—people like me who consider themselves environmentally aware because, you know, I recycle. Who's your audience?
MS: You. It's not about telling you how to live. People I have met are like, "Oh yeah I have a swimming pool, but I recycle and I drive a Prius." And I say, "Hey man, I am not here to judge." My job is to tell you what the latest information tells us about the world right now. Then you have to decide what to do about it.
The audience is people in the world and people interested in the world around them. I don't write for climate deniers because their minds are not going to change. Environmental journalism presumes some basic level of knowledge. I write for people who are curious.
Alarmism is a risk in environmental reporting, but, given what we know, should we be more alarmed?
MS: The danger of being more alarmist is the tendency to be apocalyptic. The alarmism has to be more precise. Here's a real example: "The consequences of holding the rising sea level at bay in San Francisco are going to cost millions of dollars and therefore you—resident of these communities—are going to have to pay higher taxes." I think we should have more targeted reporting that actually identifies these precise consequences.
I think overly alarmist writing only gets people to throw their arms up and walk around feeling vaguely uneasy. And then they run into an environmental journalist and say, "Well, I recycle."
But if the facts are alarming, should writing about them in an alarming way really be called "alarmist"?
JF: Yeah. [Laughs] Or is it just factual reporting?
You know, it's interesting the way views change on this. Twenty years ago there were a lot of activists and advocates arguing we should not be focusing on adaptation—adapting to climate change, trying to promote policy or behavior like building sea walls or preparing for fiercer storms. We've known that climate change is happening for a long time now. But 20 years ago, a lot of climate change activists said it was irresponsible to focus on adaptation because it assumed that [climate change] was going to continue.
[In their view] accepting that climate change is going to happen no matter what created a moral hazard. But even 20 years ago, it was important to focus on adaptation. Journalists had to do the responsible thing and say that.
If focusing on adaptation was taboo then, what's taboo now?
JF: There are some topics we're just starting to grapple with, and one of them is geoengineering. This is the idea that we can try and counteract the effects of climate change, or even the cause. The most commonly discussed idea is that we reduce solar radiation to the earth—using aerosols or satellites that partially shade the earth. These are all imperfect things because they might have unintended side effects like reducing agricultural output. There is also talk now of simply sucking carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere, but who is going to pay for that, and isn't it cheaper to just reduce emissions?
Journalists believe that the environment is an important topic to cover. What makes us different from activists is we don't have a specific agenda.
The problem is right now there is not a lot of public discussion about these proposals. Just this March, the UN was blocked from assessing geoengineering technologies. Some governments, of course, don't want to do any studies on climate change. And as with adaptation in the past, others may consider geoengineering a moral hazard.
But, basically, climate change itself is a form of geoengineering. We're doing this immense unplanned experiment on the earth, and it's having all these unintended consequences. So, what happens if, one day, some country decides that they can't accept the impacts of climate change and they decide to do something on their own—geoengineering—to prevent it? We need a place to talk about that.
Is climate change the only issue? What about more traditional environmental journalism?
JF: No, not all climate journalism is about the environment and not all environmental journalism is about the climate. There are other global issues: loss of biodiversity, mass extinction caused by humans and also, I would argue, the oceans—acidification, pollution. Environmental health is the most underreported issue and the fourth leading cause of mortality.
The thing about climate change is that it's such a big issue and affects all the other issues.
MS: You don't have to be a climate journalist. You can have a deep concern about wildlife diversity or ocean acidification. It's not just the atmosphere, the oceans. It's the trophic cascade.
But if we're talking natural systems and public health, the chances are high there's going to be a climate dimension. Which is worth thinking about moving forward. Climate is everything. It's the conditions that we're in.
Posted on June 20, 2019 - 3:30pm
Filed under: Science + Health
Related topics: Cal
Berkeley J-School
Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism
Mark Schapiro
James Fahn
science reporting
advocacy journalism
Anthony St. John '63 replied on May 10, 2019 - 2:50am Permalink
This is an excellent update by UC environmental journalists. Unfortunately, another was made by CALIFORNIA Magazine and the Berkeley J-School in the most excellent "Global Warning" issue in 2006: https://alumni.berkeley.edu/california-magazine/september-october-2006-g... But we still have UC investing in fossil fuels today anyway, as reported in "We Demand a Fossil Free UC" https://www.cityonahillpress.com/2019/03/01/we-demand-a-fossil-free-uc/ by City on a Hill Press produced by UCSC students. And a Sierra Club story "Why We Didn't Act on Climate When We Had the Chance" gives a most important historical perspective: https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/why-we-didnt-act-on-climate-when-we-ha... Even Pogo warned us on Earth Day 1971 "We Have Met The Enemy And He Is Us." Journalists have proven to be our first line of defense against global warming, but it is not enough unless all of UC is dedicated to our survival with the greatest sense of urgency, because so far we have failed to heed the lessons of history and your update proves that.
Craig Downer replied on June 3, 2019 - 2:57pm Permalink
Outstanding interview and very pertinent to the challenges we all face today if we're at all concerned about the future of Life on Earth!
D A Kielb replied on June 4, 2019 - 11:19am Permalink
I have been aggravated by the mindless, irresponsible mass production of human babies for nearly 40 years. It is grossly clear to me that overpopulation is the key to everything from dwindling resources to mass shootings. I want to see more articles aimed at making people think before breeding.
Adrian Atutis replied on August 7, 2019 - 5:43am Permalink
The media swarms and convolges Mass hysterics to the world. Supporting only flash in the pan headliners and one liners. Mostly for profit. The solution is to compartmentalize actual self solvable problems and get people thinking in an new way progressive way do you understand the problems that they're faced with and avoid the problems that they are neckdeep in.Not only do we have to read distribute wealth we also have to read distribute responsibility amongst the populace. Self-reliance and betterment of humanity clears the path for the righteous. The boldness that is denial can only be cleared up with knowledge and purity of heart and focus on the worlds problems at face value.


text:
Site Map & Stage Times
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Record-Breaking Splendour is a Sell-out
In: Festival News
Tickets have now completely sold out for Nottingham's biggest summer festival, Splendour.
A total of 25,000 tickets have been sold for what is the fastest-selling Splendour to date almost a week ahead of the festival and there will be no tickets available on the gate.
Now in its 11th year, Splendour is a firm favourite with thousands of people who return each year. This year's record-breaking festival features some of the biggest acts in Splendour's history, with headliners Manic Street Preachers and The Specials, as well as Rag'n'Bone Man and All Saints set to perform.
George Akins, DHP Family owner, said: "This is set to be the best Splendour to date, with tickets selling out at record-speed a whole week before the festival. The reaction to the line-up has been overwhelming. Now, with the festival fast-approaching, we're working hard behind the scenes to make sure it's better than ever.
"Splendour continues to go from strength to strength. Not only is it a great day out to see some of the biggest artists we've ever had, it's also a great platform for local artists to perform in front of a huge audience. This year's sales demonstrate the significance of the festival to the local community and cements Splendour's position as one of the biggest and best festivals in the East Midlands."
Craig Chettle, CEO Confetti Media Group, added: "Our backstage crews are in the final stages of prepping for Saturday and it is fantastic to see our student acts will be performing to a full capacity crowd. We are looking forward to an amazing day."
For all FAQs, including how to get to Wollaton Park, do's and don'ts of what you can take into the festival site, parking and more, visit our website here.
'Splendour At Home' announced As we can't all be together at Wollaton Park for Splendour Festival 2020 later this month, we wanted to mark the occasion and treat our fans to something special… Introducing 'Splendour At Home', a special one-off digital festival which will take place on our YouTube channel throughout the day on 18th July, when the festival […]
An important message about Splendour Festival 2020 Throughout these difficult months, we've been cautiously optimistic about Splendour Festival going ahead as planned. However, it is now clear that we cannot go ahead with Splendour Festival 2020, and so have made the heart-breaking decision to postpone this year's event for the first time in our 12 year history. When we started the festival […]
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Calling all @petshopboys fans! Our friends at @Beat_Streets_ have quite the thing for you! As part of their winter fundraiser they have 4 tickets to see our phenomenal 2010 headliner live from a suite at @TheO2. Head to their crowdfunder page for more: https://t.co/ZyezJv7UkB https://t.co/V09PLyCzEI
Today we're throwing it back to #SplendourFest 2018, the year the lush green landscapes of Wollaton turned gold due to that year's heatwave! Alongside scorching weather we had red hot performances from local legends Ferocious Dog, Sophie Ellis-Bexter, The Charlatans & loads more. https://t.co/4QfJnveenE
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I've recently subscribed to a delivery service of local organic produce, currently being supplemented with some imports due to the late start to the season here. It's taking some doing to get into the rhythm of dealing with the produce that appears on my doorstep weekly, but I'm trying not to waste anything.
Last week I did some produce shopping on Wednesday, not really thinking about Thursday's delivery. So, there was a lot of produce in the fridge today, including some vegetables that hadn't been touched at all, and odds and ends of others.
I decided to clear a swath through the fridge and make soup. The result is truly a freestyle pot full of goodness. Yes, if I made this again I would tweak a few things, but that's part of the fun.
I started with a good glug of olive oil in my big soup pot, gently heating while I trimmed and sliced two leeks. Into the pot they went, followed by the tail end of a bunch of scallions (that would be three), also thinly sliced. A few cloves of garlic, finely chopped, went in next, followed by half a bunch of asparagus chopped into small pieces. This is the point where I added a generous grinding of pepper because nothing much happens in my kitchen without pepper.
Hmmm, what next? There was a rather sad third of a head of cauliflower hanging around the crisper. I trimmed away any bits not worthy of my soup, washed the florets and then sliced them and chopped them into small pieces. At this point, I had a green and white base for the soup. Time for a little colour, don't you think?
Last week's delivery included a bag of organic carrots. They taste remarkably good raw, but I finely chopped a couple for the soup pot (okay, I ate half of one).
I recently found a really good line of organic vegetable stock cubes that make a well-flavoured, low-sodium broth. I added six cups of that to the pot, and a good amount of dried chili flakes for some kick. There was a small bunch of fresh thyme in the fridge, so I trimmed the ends, gave it a good wash and trussed it up with kitchen string. I tied it to a handle and suspended the bundle in the pot.
I like to finish a lot of my soups with wine, lemon juice or vinegar. Sadly, I didn't have any wine, so once the beans were heated through I added a tablespoon of white wine vinegar, along with some chopped fresh mint that needed to be used.
And there you have it, my spring clean-out-the-fridge soup. Or today's version at least. Chances are, I'll never have exactly the same ingredients on hand again, unless I deliberately set out to replicate this soup.
Yes, there are two things I'd do differently next time. A splash of white wine at the end would have been better than the vinegar. Don't get me wrong, the vinegar did add a pleasingly funky flavour, but I would have preferred wine. And next time, I'll use my immersion blender to puree just a bit of the soup, to add a bit more body to the broth. Both small changes, but one of the joys of cooking is the everlasting tweaking of recipes.
Not too long ago I saw Jamie Oliver make some 'mushy peas' on television, using potatoes, peas and mint. I thought I'd like to have a go at that myself, so whipped up this side dish that we enjoyed along with the soup tonight. It's not quite to my liking just yet, but it was a good start. And I thought this photo was too pretty not to share.
Try it with malt vinegar sprinkled on top.
Good idea! I once dated an Englishman who kept malt vinegar on his kitchen table and sprinkled it on pretty much everything he ate. I enjoyed it too, but the habit stuck about as long as the ill-fated relationship, lol.
I do enjoy the veggie delivery, but I'm still working on the timing. Depending on what's going on in my life it can be somewhat daunting to be faced with a big box of lettuces, kale, garlic scopes, etc that need to be used in fairly short order. But, a nice problem to have.
I make meals like yours often…it happens when I can't shove any more veggies in the crisper. I think your mushy peas look gorgeous and would enjoy them spread on a crostini to go with your soup.
I love the idea of using the mushy peas on crostini — thanks for suggesting it!


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Q: Latexmk not using pdflatex I have a .tex file which attempts to \includegraphics with a .pdf file.
This is perfectly possible when explicitly running pdflatex but doesn't work with latexmk because latexmk runs with latex and not pdflatex. (This SE answer pointed me to the latex vs. pdflatex problem.)
I'm interested in getting my compilation to work with latexmk because I'm using the Vim plugin vimtex. Is there a way?

A: If you run latexmk with the argument -pdf, it will compile with pdflatex.
In TeXWorks:

On Linux, change the `~/.latexmkrc' file as per this SE answer.


It's not so easy to choose the right nutrition bar these days. Besides seeing countless brands on the market, there are a ton of different ingredients and health claims to shuffle through. Do you pick high protein? Gluten-free? What about low-fat? The options are endless. That's why we turned to registered dietitian Alyse Levine, founder of Nutritionbite, to find out what to look for and what to steer clear from when it comes to nutrition bars.
"Different nutrition bars provide specific benefits and cater to a particular lifestyle (think athletes versus kids)," Levine says. "Regardless of your bar type preference, there are key things to look for and others to steer clear of."
"Seeds in particular are some of the most energy- and nutrient-rich foods on the planet," she says. "These bars will contain the most fiber, healthy fat (from nuts and seeds), and protein (again, thank you nuts and seeds) to keep you satisfied longer and do your body good."
Next, she says to skip the calorie-count and focus on the breakdown of fat, carbs, and protein: "More often than not, a wholesome bar will be higher in calories whereas a "fake" bar will contain additives and questionable substitutes to keep the calorie count under a certain number."
When it comes to fat, "choose bars that have the highest poly- and mono-unsaturated fat to saturated fat ratio," Levine says. "Ingredients like flaxseed, chia, pumpkin seeds, and many nuts provide this healthy fat composition."
And for carbs, look for high fiber content. "Ensure that the fiber is sourced in the food ingredients, not added in separately. Added fiber is often disguised under the names of inulin (usually extracted from chicory), polydextrose, and maltodextrin (synthetically produced)," she says. "Look for at least 3 grams of naturally occurring fiber per bar.
Sugar counts as carbs, so she says to "pick bars that have 8 grams or less. If a bar has more than 8 grams, make sure it has an almost equal number of protein grams as a buffer for the higher sugar content."
As for protein, she says, "bars with the ingredients mentioned above will be naturally high in protein," but she says to avoid the "soy protein isolate" which is an additive in many bars (more on that below).
· Xylitol: It can cause diarrhea. Essentially any ingredient ending in "ol" is a sugar alcohol. Avoid them if your gut is on the sensitive side.
· Fractionated Palm Kernel Oil and Hydrogenated Fats: If an ingredient sounds like it comes from a chemistry textbook, it probably isn't good for you. Fractionated palm oil has a higher saturated to unsaturated fat ratio because of the way it is processed, and most of us know by now that saturated fat contributes to increased levels of "bad" cholesterol, which in turn increases risk for heart disease and stroke. Hydrogenation on the other hand actually destroys good fats and turns them into bad fats, ultimately leading to the same unsalutary effects.
· Refined Carbohydrates or Sugars: Wheat, rice flour, cane syrup...in contrast to complex carbs (like oats), they cause a blood sugar spike and contain little fiber. The take-away? They'll give you a short burst of energy followed by an energy drop, and will leave you hungry an hour later. Avoid bars that list these as the first ingredient.
· Soy Protein Isolate or SPI: Derived from soy, SPI contains isoflavones that act as hormones in our bodies, mimicking estrogen. Ingesting too many isoflavones can increase the risk of developing prostate or breast cancer. There is no set limit as to how much isoflavone you can consume daily, but the average daily intake in Japan, where breast and prostate cancer rates are very low, is 25 to 50 milligrams. A single protein bar can contain 50 milligrams, so if you're consuming soy milk, protein shakes, and protein bars, consider replacing your energy bar with naturally present protein.
What are your favorite nutrition bars?


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Home Science Reports Reports and News Life Sciences
Innovations from the fields of bionics, marine biology and microbiology
Understanding nature and transferring its traits to technology is not only the objective of bionics, but also of marine biology and microbiology.
Bionics, marine biology or microbiology. Here you can find scientific reports and articles about achievements and developments in the fields of bionics, marine biology and microbiology. Technical research departments at many universities and institutes are examining and learning from nature and then collaborating with the fields of bionics, marine biology and microbiology. Although Arnold Gehlen once labeled humanity as a "flawed being" that had to create its own culture to survive nature's environment, we can be certain he had not yet considered the opportunities presented by bionics, marine biology and microbiology. Science is meanwhile using the traits of the flawed being to contemplate how to utilize bionics, marine biology and microbiology to copy animals, plants and the rest of the environment. Because nature features attributes such as the hardest and most durable materials and efficient energy production and conversion, it has become a treasure trove of knowledge for bionics, marine biology and microbiology. As a stand-alone branch of research, science can use bionics to demonstrate that nature is superior to humans in many aspects and that we still have a lot to learn from it, whether in macro or microbiology.
Bionics takes the leap from comics to research
The "Bionic Six" comic and animated television series revolved around a family who collaborated with a researcher to utilize the attributes of nature to combat those intent on destroying it. The "Bionic Six" acquired their power and speed through bionics. They knew how to take advantage of the physical forces of nature and were already advancing into the fields of marine biology and microbiology research. Today, bionics is a well-respected field of research that has little to do with children's entertainment. Bionics occupies itself with nature's "inventions" and works closely with the fields of marine biology and microbiology to transfer their attributes to the human culture. Bionics has already proved its worth in the fields of materials research and nano technology. Bionics and microbiology have also made progress in areas such as energy production and storage.
Marine biology and microbiology - two close partners
Marine biology has enjoyed new impetus over the past several years. Although researchers have long been occupied with both fields, marine biology and microbiology were thrust into the public spotlight no later than with the publication of "The Swarm", a novel by German author Frank Schätzing. Over the last year, marine biology and microbiology reports revealed that although scientists have unearthed a wealth of new discoveries in marine biology and microbiology, there remain thousands of undiscovered animal species in both areas. Microbiology is actually a vital part of marine biology since the ocean depths contain not only large animals, but also organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye. And this is where microbiology comes into play. Marine biology and microbiology are engaged in examining the effects of currents, depths and temperatures on the development and propagation of organisms and animals. For this reason, marine biology and microbiology researchers are working to discover new animal species and organisms, all the while further expanding the depths of geography and science. When marine biology and microbiology come together with bionics, this can result in unimagined discoveries and thus the development of new methods that humans can implement for their own benefit and for the protection of the environment. The latest achievements in the fields of bionics, marine biology and microbiology can be found in innovations-report.
Articles and reports from the Life Sciences area deal with applied and basic research into modern biology, chemistry and human medicine.
Valuable information can be found on a range of life sciences fields including bacteriology, biochemistry, bionics, bioinformatics, biophysics, biotechnology, genetics, geobotany, human biology, marine biology, microbiology, molecular biology, cellular biology, zoology, bioinorganic chemistry, microchemistry and environmental chemistry.
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Waves make bug break point
Sloshing proteins help bacteria find their waists. Chemical waves may help a bacterium to divide by pinpointing its middle, according to a new model of protein interactions 1 . Bacteria such as Escherichia coli multiply by dividing. Bacterial division (called binary fission) is simpler than human cell division (mitosis). Human cells erect scaffolding to transport components to the two nascent daughter cells at either end; bacteria just pinch in two. 18.12.2001 | Read more
Tracking Stem Cells Implanted Into A Living Animal
Using tiny rust-containing spheres to tag cells, scientists from Johns Hopkins and elsewhere have successfully used magnetic resonance imaging to track stem cells implanted into a living animal, believed to be a first. In the December issue of the journal Nature Biotechnology, the research team report that the neuronal stem cells take up and hold onto the spheres, which contain a compound of iron and oxygen. The iron-laden cells create a magnetic black hole easily spotted by magnetic resonan 18.12.2001 | Read more
Another nanobrick in the wall
Chemists make the world's smallest building blocks. US researchers have made the world's smallest building blocks. The nanocubes are just a millionth of a millimetre (a nanometre) across 1 . Stacked like bricks, they could make up a range of materials with useful properties such as light emission or electrical conduction. Many chemists are currently trying to develop molecular-scale construction kits in which the individual components are single molecules to 17.12.2001 | Read more
Cluttered Surfaces Baffle Echolocating Bats
When it comes to locating a meal, insect-eating bats generally employ one of two foraging tactics: capturing prey in the air or snatching it from a substrate. Accordingly, the animals use different kinds of echolocation during these activities. Whereas aerial hunters tend toward longer calls with constant frequency, substrate-gleaning species generate short calls that sweep from low to high frequencies (FM echolocation). Less clear, however, is how effective the latter is at distinguishing the prey i 14.12.2001 | Read more
Cells' generators star in action movie
American Society for Cell Biology Meeting, Washington, December 2001 Microscope captures mitochondria bopping to a beat. An intricate mesh of tubes wiggle, worm-like across the screen. "They're speeding," says Tim Richardson proudly, watching mitochondria, the cell's energy generators, zoom around the cell. His controversial microscopic method is shooting the cell's innards as they've never been seen before. Live cell imaging has revolutionised cell biology over th 13.12.2001 | Read more
Muscle is plastic fantastic
American Society for Cell Biology Meeting, Washington, December 2001 Stem cells' fates are a multiple choice. A single stem cell from adult mouse muscle can form enough blood cells to save another animal's life - and still switch back to making brawn, researchers announced at the Washington meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology this week. Stem cells found in mashed up muscle can migrate into the bone marrow and make blood cells 1 . Muscle 12.12.2001 | Read more
Flesh-eaters make skin creep
Bacteria give skin cells their marching orders. Bacteria that cause potentially lethal 'flesh-eating' infections make their entrance by telling skin cells to step aside. The bugs hijack the body's signal for skin cells to become mobile. Group A streptococci (GAS) normally infect the surface lining of the throat. But occasionally they penetrate skin or the tissues lining the airways, invading deep into the body and causing life-threatening disease. Finding out how s 06.12.2001 | Read more
Receptor Plays Key Role In Stem Cells' Pluripotency
Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania have identified a receptor that plays a key role in restricting embryonic stem cells' pluripotency, their ability to develop into virtually any of an adult animal's cell types. The work is the first demonstration of a mechanism by which pluripotency is lost in mammalian embryos, one that operates with nearly the precision of an on/off switch in mouse embryos. With further study, the receptor, dubbed GCNF, could open the door to new ways of c 05.12.2001 | Read more
The littlest lizard
World's smallest reptile is discovered in the Caribbean forest. At just 16 mm from nose to tail, the Jaragua lizard is the world's smallest. In fact, it's the smallest vertebrate that can reproduce on dry land 1 . The newly discovered lizard lives on Isla Beata, a small, forest-covered island in the Caribbean off the Dominican Republic. Blair Hedges, an evolutionary biologist at Pennsylvania State University, together with Richard Thomas of the 04.12.2001 | Read more
Transgenic Tobacco Detoxifies TNT
For more than 150 years, people around the world have made ample use of the explosive trinitrotoluene, otherwise known as TNT. Its use has had unintended consequences, however: the manufacture, storage and disposal of TNT—which ranks among the most toxic explosives employed by the military—have left large areas of land contaminated and polluted. So far, effective and affordable cleanup technologies have remained out of reach. But new research suggests that help may come from what might seem an unlike 04.12.2001 | Read more
Im Focus: Extremely hard yet metallically conductive: Bayreuth researchers develop novel material with high-tech prospects
An international research group led by scientists from the University of Bayreuth has produced a previously unknown material: Rhenium nitride pernitride. Thanks to combining properties that were previously considered incompatible, it looks set to become highly attractive for technological applications. Indeed, it is a super-hard metallic conductor that can withstand extremely high pressures like a diamond. A process now developed in Bayreuth opens up the possibility of producing rhenium nitride pernitride and other technologically interesting materials in sufficiently large quantity for their properties characterisation. The new findings are presented in "Nature Communications".
The possibility of finding a compound that was metallically conductive, super-hard, and ultra-incompressible was long considered unlikely in science. It was...
Im Focus: Modelling leads to the optimum size for platinum fuel cell catalysts: Activity of fuel cell catalysts doubled
An interdisciplinary research team at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) has built platinum nanoparticles for catalysis in fuel cells: The new size-optimized catalysts are twice as good as the best process commercially available today.
Fuel cells may well replace batteries as the power source for electric cars. They consume hydrogen, a gas which could be produced for example using surplus...
Im Focus: The secret of mushroom colors
Mushrooms: Darker fruiting bodies in cold climates
The fly agaric with its red hat is perhaps the most evocative of the diverse and variously colored mushroom species. Hitherto, the purpose of these colors was...
All Focus news of the innovation-report >>>


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La bibliophilie est, littéralement, l'amour des livres et, plus traditionnellement, elle se manifeste par la collection de livres rares ou historiquement précieux. Mais la bibliophilie inclut également les ouvrages contemporains tels que les livres uniques, les livres d'artiste

Définitions
La bibliophilie est l'amour « sage » de tous les livres, un amour qui existe depuis que le livre et ses ancêtres existent. Cette passion se définit souvent par le caractère même de ses sujets : les bibliophiles. Ce qui reporte et fait dériver le sens même de la bibliophilie – souvent mal définie, souvent dans la difficulté de se définir. Pourrait-on définir la musique en donnant une définition des musiciens ? Le bibliophile est un amateur de livres qui est souvent fier de sa bibliothèque et de sa collection ; un érudit qui possède de nombreux livres n'est en revanche pas nécessairement un bibliophile.

On peut considérer que les bibliophiles aiment les livres pour ce qu'ils leur apprennent alors que les bibliomanes ne sont que des collectionneurs de livres, collectionneurs compulsifs – puisqu'affectés d'une « manie ». Toutefois, selon l'encyclopédie Larousse, le bibliophile est défini comme une « personne qui aime, qui recherche les livres rares et précieux », alors que le bibliomane est une « personne qui a la passion de collectionner les livres pour leur rareté, leur reliure, etc. ». Cette nuance laisse entendre que chez le bibliophile, l'amour du livre ne va pas obligatoirement de pair avec la collection (et la « collectionite »).

On retient enfin que la bibliophilie qui recherche aujourd'hui plus que jamais identité et reconnaissance correspond à un domaine culturel « structuré » et organisé de passionnés de livres – livres anciens mais aussi livres de la bibliophilie contemporaine : livres d'artistes, livres uniques. Domaine organisé et structuré, il possède des revues et magazines qui traitent de ses sujets les plus divers, tel Le Magazine du Bibliophile en France.

Domaine défini, la bibliophilie possède une histoire et ses « héros » – les « grands » bibliophiles – qui pendant de longs siècles ont été les personnages les plus illustres de tous les royaumes. La France, elle-même, a largement contribué à l'histoire de la bibliophilie ; on la considère même souvent comme l'un des pays phares du domaine.

Le bibliophile et sa collection

Les bibliophiles aiment, recherchent et conservent les livres.

La collection de livres peut s'appliquer à un domaine particulier :
 les éditions originales
 les ouvrages sur des domaines thématiques précis
 les éditions rares
 les livres avant l'imprimerie : manuscrits ; sur parchemin ou sur vélin
 les incunables
 les unica (livre connu à un seul exemplaire)
 les livres-objet
 les livres d'artiste
 les tirages restreints (sur vélin ou parchemin, sur grand papier, sur papier de Chine, du Japon, de Hollande)
 la provenance (ce livre a appartenu à …)
 les ex-libris
 le régionalisme (Languedoc, etc.)
 les illustrations
 les reliures d'art (Grolier, de Thou…)
 les reliures aux armes (livres avec armoiries)
 la qualité d'impression
 la valeur du texte (textes classiques)
 la typographie ou la maquette
 les ouvrages avec envoi
 les ouvrages en reliure d'époque
 les annotations autographes de personnes célèbres
 la notoriété de l'auteur — au sens de l'Encyclopédie de Diderot et d'Alembert
 la notoriété de l'éditeur
 etc.

Quelques termes propres à la bibliophilie
Dans les catalogues de vente ou de bibliothèque, les notices de présentation d'ouvrages utilisent parfois un vocabulaire technique propres à la bibliophilie ou aux métiers du livre, et surtout de nombreuses abréviations :
 achevé d'imprimé : date d'impression et nom de l'imprimeur
 bas. : pour « basane » (reliure en)
 bibl. : pour « bibliothèque »
 br. : pour « broché »
 cart. : cartonnage, voir notamment « cartonnage »
 cart. éd. : pour « cartonnage d'éditeur »
 coiffe : extrémité du dos d'un livre
 chag. : pour « chagrin » (reliure)
 couv. cons. : pour « couverture conservée »
 curiosa : ouvrage tenu pour érotique
 défraichi (défr.) : qualifie une couverture, un ouvrage usé
 demi-rel. : pour « demi-reliure », dos cuir avec aplats cartonnés
 doré sur tranche : les trois tranches massicotées sont passées à la feuille d'or
 dos : partie où se trouvent inscrits le nom et le titre de l'ouvrage une fois celui-ci rangé en rayon
 emboîtage : étui de protection pour l'ouvrage
 E.O. : pour « édition originale »
 en l'état : le vendeur prévient que le livre a souffert
 ephemera : qui n'est pas un livre mais un imprimé (ex. : almanach, fascicule, pamphlet…)
 frontispice (front.) : illustration placée après le faux-titre
 grand papier : papier de qualité rare sur lequel est imprimé le texte - souvent de dimensions plus importantes que le tirage ordinaire
 hors commerce : tirage à part non vendu en librairie
 hors-texte (h-t., ht., H/T.) : se dit d'une gravure ou illustration à pleine page, pouvant être incluse entre les cahiers (non foliotée)
 in-folio : grand format (feuille simplement pliée en deux)
 marginalia : annotations manuscrites dans les marges, pouvant être autographes ou allographes
 militaria : collection de livres uniquement militaires ou relatifs aux armées
 moucheté (mouch.) : couverture ou page couverte de traces ou piqûres
 mouillures (mouill.) : ouvrage ayant été en contact avec de l'eau
 ms, mss : pour manuscrit(s)
 non-coupé : livre comprenant des cahiers cousus non massicotés - et non séparés par un lecteur
 papier marbré (ou cuve)
 percaline : tissu moiré recouvrant le plat de la reliure
 plein cuir : reliure totalement en peau
  tirage : synonyme d'édition originale (certaines mentions supérieures sont fictives) ou de première impression pour les gravures
 rel. post. : pour « reliure postérieure » (à l'édition)
 rousseur (rouss.) : papier présentant des traces d'oxydation
 sans date / lieu / nom : pas d'indication de date de fabrication (s.d.), de ville (s.l.) ou d'auteur/éditeur (s.n. ou s.e.)
 tranchefile : garniture en soie cousue servant à renforcer la coiffe
 unicum (pluriel : unica) : livre connu pour être le seul exemplaire répertorié
 us. : pour « usagé » (plus que défraîchi), suivi parfois de « rare en bon état »
 vignette, petite gravure placée in texte ; cf. aussi cul-de-lampe
 vol. : pour « volume »

Expressions
L'univers de la bibliophilie est rempli d'expressions parfois curieuses ; en voici quelques-unes :

Sous la plume d'un spécialiste, on rencontre parfois les expressions « premier », « deuxième » et « troisième rayon ». Le rayon en question est celui, au sens figuré, du libraire, du vendeur de livres et du marché de l'ancien, par exemple, lorsqu'une bibliothèque de collectionneur passe en salle des ventes. Ce secteur, au fond, renvoie aux ouvrages et aux manuscrits — car la bibliophilie embrasse aussi ce domaine —, à des objets cotés, répertoriés, bien documentés, qui circulent au gré des ventes. Le deuxième rayon, par euphémisme, concerne la production érotique, très abondante à partir du , les curiosa, que les amateurs savent retrouver. Le troisième concerne la production populaire, longtemps négligée, et d'autant plus difficile à trouver en bon état qu'elle fut justement manipulée et peu considérée. Ce dernier secteur tend à se développer sensiblement quand, pour les deux premiers, la forte demande et la raréfaction de l'offre, rendent l'objet peu commun et donc très cher.

Le bibliophile « fait un chopin » quand il déniche un ouvrage rare ou en bon état au milieu d'un tas d'autres très communs, ou sans intérêts car abîmés ; on appelle ces derniers de la « drouille » ; on parle aussi de « camelotte » [sic].

Un « livre truffé » contient des documents rassemblés là par son propriétaire ou par le libraire (photographies, coupures de presse, signets, fleurs séchées, autographes, etc.).

Un « livre caviardé » désigne un ouvrage comportant des passages couverts d'encre et rendus illisibles.

Histoire de la bibliophilie

Aux origines
L'Antiquité n'est pas étrangère à la bibliophilie. De nombreuses sources témoignent de la précocité de celle-ci. Aristote, que Platon surnommait le « liseur », était réputé posséder une vaste collection de livres qui furent intégrés à la bibliothèque d'Alexandrie après sa mort. De même, Noé, considéré par une certaine tradition comme le premier bibliophile de l'histoire, aurait possédé tant d'ouvrages , qu'il se serait refusé de les emporter avec lui dans l'arche de peur que leur poids ne fasse chavirer le navire. Ces exemples illustrent bien l'ancienneté de la chose.

Tout porte à croire que c'est en Mésopotamie, au sud du delta formé par le Tigre et l'Euphrate, dans ce qu'il convient d'appeler le « berceau de l'écriture » que seraient apparus les premiers bibliophiles. Une tablette d'argile datant de 2000 avant J.-C. et retrouvée dans cette région fait état d'une collection de soixante-deux titres. Ces premières collections d'écrits rédigés sur des tablettes d'argile se développent en même temps que se diversifie leur utilisation ; les tablettes commencent alors à servir de support à des œuvres littéraires comme lÉpopée de Gilgamesh rédigée vers 2650 av. J.-C. et qui relate les hauts faits d'un roi d'Uruk.

C'est également en Mésopotamie que fut créée la première bibliothèque. Elle est l'œuvre du souverain babylonien, Hammourabi, connu pour avoir fait graver dans la pierre l'un des premiers textes juridiques, le Code de Hammourabi. Celui qui régna de 1792 avant J.-C. jusqu'aux alentours de 1750 avant J.-C. fit rassembler à Babylone une vaste collection d'écrits. Sa renommée traversa tant et si bien les siècles que plus d'un millénaire après sa mort, Bérose, lettré connu notamment pour avoir inventé le cadran solaire, rapporte dans une histoire de la civilisation rédigée sous Alexandre le Grand, que Babylone était jadis surnommée « la cité de Tous-les-livres ».

 À la Renaissance
Avant l'invention de l'imprimerie, la bibliophilie est un domaine réservé aux gens riches… Les manuscrits sont reliés d'ivoire, d'or, d'argent, de pierres précieuses ; le goût du faste n'a alors pas de limite. Les livres d'heures de personnages célèbres en sont la parfaite illustration. Les plus grandes « librairies » sont celles des papes d'Avignon, des rois et princes de France et, à partir du , les bibliothèques monastiques.

Au  apparaissent les premières « librairies » privées et relativement ouvertes au sein des universités.

L'humanisme contribue à la Renaissance à l'essor de la bibliophilie et à la constitution de collections de livres. Cet essor se fait en trois phases. Au Trecento et qu début du Quattrocento, les premiers amateurs de livres sont des humanistes et philologues comme Pétrarque, Boccace ou Pic de la Mirandole qui essaient de retrouver les manuscrits dans les anciennes bibliothèques des monastères pour les lire dans le secret de leur cabinet d'études. Ensuite, les magnifiques collections des princes de l'Église, de l'État ou de riches marchands sont constituées pour l'intérêt de la rareté et de la splendeur des livres, plus que pour leur contenu. C'est l'époque où les plus grosses sommes sont dépensées pour la bibliophilie. Avec l'invention de l'imprimerie et la plus grande diffusion de l'écrit, une organisation plus complexe se met en place, destinée à mettre en valeur ces collections et à les accroitre grâce au rapport entre le prince et son marchand, comme le florentin Vespasiano da Bisticci qui sert plusieurs princes en fournissant leurs bibliothèques. Devenu le biographe de son client Fréderic de Montefeltro, il décrit sa collection comme l'une des plus belles d'Europe.

Dans la deuxième moitié du , l'intérêt pour le grec est encouragé par l'apparition sur le marché du livre de nombreux ouvrages venus de Grèce et de Byzance. Les bibliophiles veulent enrichir leurs collections de ces manuscrits, même s'ils sont la plupart de temps incapables de les lire. Les traductions en latin se multiplient.
Durant le , les grands bibliophiles possèdent quelques dizaines de livres (41 pour Clémence de Habsbourg) voire quelques centaines pour les plus riches (335 pour Jean de Berry).

Avec l'invention de Gutenberg et les influences artistiques venues d'Italie, les premiers critères de la bibliophilie se dessinent. La reliure commerciale apparaît au  avec les célèbres bibliophiles français Jean Grolier de Servières et Thomas Mahieu.

À la Révolution, les grandes bibliothèques de France sont dispersées.

 La bibliophilie moderne
Au , parallèlement aux expériences d'Arts & Crafts, émerge en France toute une nouvelle école de la bibliophilie qui repense le livre à l'aune d'une collaboration étroite avec les peintres. Ces livres, dont la réalisation buta longtemps sur des problèmes techniques d'ordre reprographique, furent vendus par souscription et certaines expériences échouèrent d'un point de vue commercial. C'est ce que rappelle l'historien Yves Peyré, qui montre que cette forme de livre d'artiste collaborative où l'éminence est rendue aux peintres est née en France, à la fin du , en particulier grâce à Stéphane Mallarmé et sa traduction du Corbeau d'Edgar Allan Poe, illustrée de gravures d'Édouard Manet.

Toutefois, ces ouvrages français, qui firent certes école, offraient encore la part trop belle aux éditeurs et aux écrivains.

 Bibliophiles et collection célèbres

Les  papyrus d'Herculanum découverts dans une villa romaine de la fin du I siècle forme la plus ancienne et la plus complète collection d'ouvrages (ici des volumens) retrouvée à ce jour : elle semble avoir appartenu, aux descendants du consul Pison.

Au Moyen Âge, le roi Charles II le Chauve (823-877), était un « grand amateur de textes et de livres enluminés ». Saint Louis (1214-1270), fonde la première « librairie » royale, dont hérite en partie Charles V (1338-1380), véritable mécène, et fondateur de la bibliothèque de l'Hôtel Saint-Pol, ancêtre de la Bibliothèque nationale de France (près d'un millier d'ouvrages qui seront dispersés).

Aux débuts de la Renaissance italienne, princes et savants accumulent des ouvrages, tels à Florence, l'humaniste Niccolò Niccoli (1364-1437) et le banquier Palla Strozzi (1372-1462), ou en France Astruc de Sestier (ca. 1370-ca. 1439), un médecin juif d'Aix-en-Provence, célèbre bibliophile en son temps, qui s'intéressait aux sciences arabes. En 1499 est imprimé à Venise l'un des ouvrages les plus recherchés de tous les temps : l'''Hypnerotomachia Poliphili : un siècle après son impression, les bibliophiles déjà s'évertuaient à le traquer.

Les humanistes encouragent les princes à constituer des bibliothèques. Certains des condottieres les plus célèbres, à la fortune vite acquise, comme Sigismond Malatesta, Galeazzo Visconti, Francesco Sforza ou Fréderic de Montefeltro qui constitue la plus importante collection de manuscrits de la Renaissance, peuvent acquérir des livres et protéger leurs auteurs. La bibliothèque fait alors partie de l'appareil idéologique voué à éblouir et à convaincre le peuple comme les lettrés.

Aux Temps modernes, sont réputés les collections françaises de Jean Grolier de Servières (1479-1565), surnommé « le prince des bibliophiles », de Thomas Mahieu (1520-1590) ou Jacques-Auguste de Thou (1553-1617), et sa « reliure à la fanfare », mais surtout Jules Mazarin (1602-1661), dont le fonds évalué à  ouvrages devait former le noyau de la bibliothèque Mazarine. En Angleterre, Thomas Bodley (1545-1613) passe la dernière partie de sa vie à accumuler des ouvrages puis offre sa bibliothèque à l'université d'Oxford. Grâce à la passion bibliophilique de John Bagford (1650-1716), au départ simple cordonnier, le British Museum possède aujourd'hui un fonds important de manuscrits médiévaux et d'incunables, que viendra compléter la collection Harley, constituée par Robert Harley (1661-1724) et son fils – soit près de  manuscrits.

Le Siècle des Lumières voit le niveau d'éducation des classes bourgeoises augmenter en même temps que le prix des livres s'abaisser : désormais la bibliophilie n'est plus l'apanage des princes et des proches du pouvoir et les premièrs ouvrages illustrés par des peintres destinés à des collectionneurs sont édités. Certaines bibliothèques privées françaises de cette époque sont réputés du fait de l'inventaire qui en fut effectué : ainsi celle de Jeanne Baptiste d'Albert de Luynes (1670-1736), comtesse de Verrue, mais aussi celle du marquis d'Argenson (1722-1787), dont le fonds devait former le noyau de la bibliothèque de l'Arsenal. Le fermier général et mécène Alexandre Le Riche de La Popelinière possédait en son château de Passy une collection d'ouvrages des plus prestigieuses. L'une des plus importantes collections privées reste celle de Louis-César de la Baume Le Blanc, duc de La Vallière, qui possédait jusqu'à  ouvrages.

Au tournant du  et du , les collections de Henri Pascal de Rochegude (1741-1834), bibliophile albigeois, et du britannique Richard Heber sont parmi les plus importantes d'Europe : à la mort de ce dernier en 1833, l'inventaire fait état de près de  volumes, un record absolu, et qui fut dispersé aux enchères. C'est également en Angleterre qu'est fondé en 1812 l'une des premières association de bibliophiles, le Roxburghe Club, en hommage à John Ker, troisième duc de Roxburghe (1740-1804), possesseur de  volumes, principalement de et autour de Shakespeare.

En France, Jacques Charles Brunet (1780-1867), avec son supplément au Dictionnaire bibliographique des livres rares (1790) de Duclos et Cailleau inscrit la bibliophilie sur des bases plus scientifiques. Il est l'auteur du Manuel du libraire et de l'amateur de livres (1810) qui fait date. L'imprimeur et libraire Ambroise Firmin Didot (1790-1876), sans doute l'un des plus importants de son époque, était également bibliophile : c'est le britannique Henry Yates Thompson qui rachète une grande partie de sa collection, lequel est sans doute battu dans son désir d'accumulation par Sir Thomas Philips (1792-1872), surnommé « le plus grand collectionneur de livres connu à ce jour ». Sous le Second Empire, les collections du baron Jérôme Pichon (1812-1896) marquèrent toutes les mémoires lorsqu'elles furent vendues aux enchères en 1869 : il avait été formé par deux bibliophiles acharnés, Charles Nodier et Paul Lacroix dit « le Bibliophile Jacob », et fut président de la société des Bibliophiles françois de 1844 à 1894. L'époque fut marquée par les rapines du comte Libri (1803-1869), un érudit italien, qui n'hésita pas à voler plusieurs bibliothèques anciennes dont la Bibliothèque nationale de France.

Aux États-Unis, le premier bibliophile renommé est le président Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) qui possédait à titre personnel près de  volumes, qu'il vendit à la Bibliothèque du Congrès.

En Russie, le grand-duc Alexandre Mikhaïlovitch (1866-1933), membre éminent de la famille Romanov, constitua la plus importante bibliothèque ayant trait à l'univers maritime de son temps. Contenu dans son palais de Saint-Pétersbourg, elle fut complètement détruite par l'incendie qui y fut mis lors de la Révolution bolchévique d'.

 Sociétés de bibliophiles

Dès le , les bibliophiles ont pris l'habitude de se réunir au sein de sociétés d'amateurs.

Si cette mode a connu son apogée, au , dans l'entre-deux-guerres, certaines sociétés perdurent sous la forme d'associations sans but lucratif.

 Marché du livre de bibliophilie

« Globalement », la bibliophilie est un marché qui se porte bien car il existe des collections pour toutes les bourses – y compris pour celles de l'État, des régions, des départements, des communes, etc. – et l'intérêt pour ce type de livres touche toutes les couches de la société. Malgré sa relative discrétion (il n'existe aucune statistique officielle et diffusée), le marché de la bibliophilie est aujourd'hui, en volume et en chiffre d'affaires, le troisième des marchés de l'art, derrière ceux de la peinture et de la sculpture. À souligner ici le rôle important que jouent, comme dans d'autres secteurs, les investisseurs institutionnels tels les Archives de France, la Bibliothèque nationale de France et d'autres bibliothèques ou institutions publiques.

Il n'en reste pas moins que les livres sont aujourd'hui des objets régis par un véritable marché, instable pour certaines éditions, mais solide en ce qui concerne un certain nombre d'ouvrages dûment répertoriés. Faisant l'objet de moins d'échanges qu'au  (le siècle du renouveau de la bibliophilie), ce marché reste fortement actif aujourd'hui.

Le marché du livre ancien a donné lieu à une étude analytique couvrant les  de données disponibles sur le site ebibliophilie.com. Il en ressort plusieurs tendances récentes (en dehors des cas particuliers, légions en bibliophilie) :
 Les incunables (latin, grec) voient leur prix chuter rapidement (avec probablement la chute du nombre de lettrés capables de les lire).
 L'ensemble du marché suit bon gré mal gré l'inflation.
 Sur 120 ans, le comportement des évolutions de prix est proche de celui de l'or.
 Les maroquins aux armes subissent depuis quelques années une hausse significative.
 Les ouvrages haut de gamme ou uniques voient leur prix augmenter de près de 1 % par an, à l'inverse des ouvrages dont le prix est inférieur à .

On observe qu'Internet agit comme un effet cliquet à la hausse pour les ouvrages recherchés aujourd'hui ; à l'inverse Internet favorise un comportement opportuniste pour les petits lots dont les prix s'érodent de façon significative.

Le marché est assez différent d'un pays à l'autre et l'attention des amateurs est essentiellement portée sur les ouvrages les plus représentatifs de la culture à laquelle ils appartiennent.

 Tendances nouvelles
Selon Jean-Baptiste de Proyart (expert chez Pierre Bergé & Associés - Drouot) :

Un exemplaire de lUlysse de James Joyce, imprimé à Paris, avec ses innombrables coquilles, peut valoir  ().

Pour la période moderne, outre les grands classiques, on peut envisager de collectionner, suivant ses moyens :
 les bandes dessinées : Tintin (en noir et blanc, les plus prisés), Bécassine (avant 1930) ;
 Jules Verne (édition Hetzel des Voyages extraordinaires) ;
 les ouvrages diffusés par les clubs comme ceux du Club français du livre (notamment avec une maquette de Massin), du Club du meilleur livre ou ceux de La Guilde du Livre, au moins pour la période antérieure à 1960 ;
 certains titres du Livre de poche, particulièrement recherchés, tels ceux de Prévert dont le maquettiste fut Pierre Faucheux, le maître du graphisme moderne en France ;
 des catégories de reliure, telles celles de Mario Prassinos ou de Paul Bonet pour Gallimard (cartonnages de la NRF parfois appelés « cartonnages Bonet ou cartonnages Prassinos » ou « reliés Bonet-Prassinos » ), dont le marché est bien établi mais reste abordable.

Concernant ces domaines nouveaux, on parle de « petite bibliophilie ».

Enfin, la dénomination « bibliophilie contemporaine » fait référence au travail des artistes et des éditeurs autour du « livre d'artiste ».

 Livres parmi les plus précieux

 La Biblia Latina à 42 lignes de 1455 est le livre le plus recherché par les institutions et bibliophiles du monde entier. Le prix pour un exemplaire complet atteint les dix millions de dollars.
 Le Psalmorum Codex, dit « Psautier de Mayence », célèbre ouvrage imprimé par Johann Fust et Pierre Schoeffer à Mayence en 1457, réimprimé par eux en 1459. Cet ouvrage est considéré, avec les quatre livres imprimés par Gutenberg, comme l'un des livres les plus précieux de tous les temps.
 Le De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, traité de Nicolas Copernic, imprimé à Nuremberg en 1543 à 260 exemplaires, s'est vendu en 2008 à 2,2 millions de dollars chez Christie's.
 Un Don Quichotte, en première édition, ne peut être acquis pour moins de trois millions de dollars.
 Le Tamerlane and Other Poems, publié anonymement à Boston par Calvin F. S. Thomas pour Edgar Allan Poe en 1827 à cinquante exemplaires frôle le million de dollars.

 Notes et références

 Annexes

 Bibliographie
 Georges Didi-Huberman, À livres ouverts'', Paris, Éditions de l'INHA, coll. « Dits », 2017

Articles connexes
 Bibliothèque
 Histoire du livre
 Codex
 Incunable

Période contemporaine

Liens externes

Quelques textes
 Charles Nodier, Le Bibliomane, nouvelle (avant 1844)
 Charles Asselineau, L'Enfer du bibliophile (1860)
 Antony Meray, Les Diverses Façons d'aimer les livres (1861)
 Jules Janin, L'Amour des livres (1866)
 Alphonse Lemerre, Le Livre du Bibliophile ( éd. - 1874)
 Quel avenir pour le livre ancien ? par Alain Marchiset (2002), président d'honneur du Syndicat national de la librairie ancienne & moderne (SLAM)

Bases de données
 Theleme, Identification et description des livres anciens européens (). Ressources imprimées et en ligne
 Biblissima, portail sur le patrimoine écrit du Moyen Âge et de la Renaissance en Occident, du
 Le Magazine du Bibliophile et de l'amateur de manuscrits & autographes, site officiel
 Glossaire et dictionnaire de termes de bibliophilie, ILAB-LILA

Collection
Histoire du livre
Sociologie du livre

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