A reorientation to the ultrasonic world.
There's no such thing as quiet. Not really. We can make things that block sound, with some effort, but we may only call that quiet with the same accuracy that someone wearing a blindfold can declare their surroundings dark. In other words, quiet is artificial, at least within the substrate of Earth's atmosphere. The proof is in the fact that when we as humans with human ears create quiet with walls and barricades or even find a place that we think is quiet, this quiet is only our quiet. We still might pierce that quiet with sounds beyond the human range as easily as a gunshot report pierces a fabric curtain.
Humans have a lot of quiet space, it turns out. Sound, which is just waves of compressed air or water (or other matter) moving from place to place, can take on a wide range of frequencies—as with light—and only a portion of that range is available to human ears. The audio band, as it's known, is even a reasonably large portion of the sound spectrum, ranging from about 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (20 Khz). But it's still not all of it.
The pinch of frequencies below human range is nothing compared to wide range of ultrasound above it. Dogs and cats can access some of these of these higher frequencies, as can bats and dolphins, both of which are capable of hearing sounds with frequencies of over 100,000 Hz. And they all do that regularly because those sonic ranges beyond human hearing aren't empty.
Artist Jana Winderen put out her Out of Range back in February. It's a single 40 minute track with its sonic source materials drawn from Out of Range's namesake frequencies. She recorded in locations all over the world: Central Park, the East River, London, a Russian forest, and locations in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. She captured bat echolocation signals, whale calls, insect whatevers (chirps?), and other ultrasonic, subsonic (infrasonic), and even audible sounds. Winderen then took the out of range recordings and time-stretched them (remember: frequency is a measure of things happening in regular intervals over a unit of time) such that they fell into the audio band.
These time-stretched ultrasounds were then taken and sculpted, shaped into the strangely mesmerizing dronescape of Out of Range. Some of Winderen's source material was cultivated from the audible range itself and part of the strangeness is this mix of elements you might have heard in the world with your human ears and others that you can't be sure of, or that you just want to imagine are being heard by your ears for the first time. It's not disorienting so much as it is reorienting.


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If you're headed to coastal South Carolina for a late summer vacation your timing is absolutely ideal. Maybe you're the type of person who loves the beach but hates the crowds? Perhaps you prefer to break away and be off by yourself or in small groups. Just 15 minutes south of downtown Myrtle Beach is Pawleys Island, S.C. The area is beautiful, less overrun with tourists and with low-density development. The natural environment has been preserved here. It's a beautiful place to vacation to. Regarding place to stay, there are Pawleys Island Rentals in the area that we'd be happy to show you. Litchfield by the Sea has an on-site restaurant, Starbucks and spa. Many tourists coming to the area rent one of the many available Pawleys Island Rentals. The biggest plus is the quality of vacation you get when you visit the area. Pawleys Island has some of the best restaurants in the south plus you don't have to fight the busy crowds in the summer just to get a great meal. The beaches are also more secluded. As far as cost, vacationing in Pawleys Island is not much different that Myrtle Beach. Just like Myrtle Beach there are some off-the-beach rentals. However the area has kept a low-density policy on building so during the real estate boom the area did not have any new high-rise condominiums built oceanfront. Pawleys Island beaches have been so secluded sea turtles have chosen the white sandy beaches to lay their eggs. Many of the locals have been very protective over these sites where sea turtle nests have been commonly found in the past. While there are many reasons you should vacation in the Myrtle Beach area, the choice is clear if you want a high quality peaceful vacation, away from all of high traffic areas but close enough to enjoy endless options of fun, come to Pawleys Island, SC and take a look at our Pawleys Island rentals.


Many people today are worried about their dark lips and are always in quest of dark lips treatment products. Although our hair and face looks gorgeous, dark lips are sufficient to spoil the whole essence of our beauty. And no matter how many layers of lip gloss or lipstick you apply, you cannot conceal your dark lips as it is very noticeable and evident too! Well, stop worrying! You have come to the right place! The most Frequently Asked Questions like "How can you get rid of dark lips?" Or "How long does it take to get rid of dark lips?" are answered in this article. If you are tired of trying out all those expensive dark lips treatment products, then these Home remedies for dark lips will definitely come handy. These amazing home remedies for dark lips are very simple to adopt and at the same time provide you effective results. So read on!
Before we dig into the home remedies for dark lips, let us try and understand the various causes for dark lips. By doing so we can at least stay at bay from these causes and prevent ourselves from developing dark lips. Prevention is better than cure see!
If you are a regular consumer of caffeine beverages, you would definitely develop dark lips. So limit the consumption of caffeinated beverages and stay at bay from dark lips.
Yes! Heard us right! Extreme exposure to sunlight can also lead to dark lips as the tender cells on your lips are burnt due to the scorching sun. So, without applying some lip balm do not step out in the hot sun.
Let us admit! We all have tried many lip care products that are available over the counter. Experimenting is not a good thing to do with your lips. A lot of chemicals in these products will drain the moisture content in your lips and leave you dry and dark lips. Time to say no to experiments.
People who consume a lot of alcohol too are prone to developing dark lips. So limit the intake of alcohol.
A lot of people also develop dark lips due to the changes in the hormones. This can also be due to nonintake of sumptuous breakfast.
If your body is missing out on some vital vitamins, you are again more prone to developing dark lips. So intake of vital vitamins is a must!
Most of us are probably aware of the fact that smoking leads to dark lips. So limit smoking too for a healthier and attractive pink lips.
Those were some causes of dark lips that you need to take care of! Nonetheless, if you have already developed dark lips, no worries! We have listed some amazing home remedies for dark lips that are going to help you in getting rosy pink lips! Let's get started!
This mouth-watering fruit is not just a favorite one for your tongue but also your lips. This fruit which is loaded with antioxidants can prevent the Destruction on your collagen. The minerals and vitamins are rich in this fruit that prevent the wrinkle formation on your lips. So this fruit can also be used to get rid of dry lips. It adds the moisture content back to your lips. It removes the dead skin cells on your lips and gives you rosy pink lips! This is also one of the best home remedies for dark lips in a week!
This is a very simple and effective DIY trick and all you need is strawberries and cotton balls.
You need to extract the juice of strawberries in a small cup.
You will have to refrigerate it for about 30 minutes for best results.
Dip cotton balls into this solution and apply it evenly onto your dark lips.
Let it stay for about 20 to 30 minutes and later you can wash it off with clear water. Repeat this for about 2 to 3 weeks to get stunned with rosy pink lips!
Another alternative can be mixing crushed strawberries and baking soda to make a fine paste.
Apply this paste before you hit the sack every night and leave it overnight. You can wash it off in the morning. Repeat the same procedure everyday for at least 3 weeks for best results.
Mustard oil is a great source of fatty acids. It has anti oxidants in rich quantities that helps you part ways with dark lips. If you've been pondering around how to remove dark lips fast, this home remedy is what you should be looking for! Mustard oil also has vitamin E in huge quantities that will nourish your lips from the inside and leave you healthy pink lips.
How to Apply Mustard Oil?
You need coconut oil too for doing this.
You can mix Coconut oil and mustard oil in a small bowl until you feel they are blended into each other real well.
Now, apply this mixture onto your dark lips evenly. Wait for 30-45 minutes and later wipe the oil using a cotton ball.
Repeat doing the same procedure for at least 3 weeks for best results. Another alternative could be leaving the mixture overnight if you are okay with sticky lips in the night.
Beetroot is known for stimulating cell reproduction. It is loaded with anti oxidants. But what makes beetroot juice stand out is that it has cartenoids that improves blood circulation. A healthy blood circulation is capable of removing all the dead cells and help in reproducing new cells. Beetroot also adds some natural color to your lips. So if you're looking for how to remove dark lips fast, consider using beetroot juice as it also adds color to your lips besides improving blood circulation.
You will need fresh beetroot and red carrots for this.
Cut the beetroot and carrots into small pieces and grind it well. Make sure that both the veggies are blended well into each other.
Now keep this mixture in a refrigerator for about an hour. This will give you best results because of the cooling effects.
After an hour, apply this mixture on your dark lips with a cotton ball. Let it stay for as long as it can!
You can leave this mixture overnight or all day. Later you can wash it off with some clear water and apply any dilute lip balm onto your lips.
Repeating this on a regular basis will work better than most of the dark lips treatment products.
Olive oil is one of the best home remedies for dark lips. It makes your lips look vibrant and has all the natural essential nutrients that will help you get rid of dark lips fast. It is also suggested by medical ayurvedic practitioners as a remedy for soft beautiful looking lips.
How do I Apply Olive Oil?
There are 2 ways in which you can apply olive oil. Both of which will work for you if applied regularly.
You will need fresh olive oil and sugar do this DIY. Boil some water and add sugar to it to extract the sugar juice. Take a small bowl and add 3 tbsp of olive oil to it. Add the sugar solution to it and mix it well to a fine mixture. Apply this mixture directly onto your dark lips everyday.
You can extract the juice of lemon in a small cup and add 4 tbsp of olive oil to it. Let the olive oil and lemon juice blend into each other. Now apply this mixture onto your lips and massage it with your fingers. After 15 minutes of massaging, immediately wash off the mixture with clean water. Consider doing this for 3 weeks to see results!
We can never forget lemon if we were asked to list down top home remedies for dark lips. Lemon is a natural home remedy for many of our cues on beauty. It has natural bleaching properties that will act as an agent that lightens the skin. The citric acid present in the lemon juice will peel off the topmost layer of your lips and helps in producing new cells. Thus you can say bye to your dark layer of skin on your skin and get pink lips.
There are many ways of applying lemon juice onto your lips. The most simple one is to just extract the lemon juice in a bowl and apply it directly on your lips with a cotton ball.
You can leave it overnight and wash it off in the morning. As simple as that!
Another option could be to mix lemon juice with honey and blend them into each other clearly and apply this on the lips everyday and leave it for about 30 minutes.
Repeating this everyday will leave you pink lips.
You can also add rosewater to lemon juice and apply the mixture everyday to part ways with dark lips.
Based on the availabilities and personal preference, you can choose any one of these alternatives accordingly. All of them would work for you if you follow them regularly.
This age old ingredient for beauty regime comes handy in various problems relating to beauty. It never takes a backseat in beauty regime. This is a "must be ingredient" in your beauty regime. It is a natural moisturizer that softens the lips. Dry lips can be treated really well by honey. Dark lips can also be kept at bay by using honey everyday. It works wonders for both of them and helps in restoring the lip color.
Just like the lemon, honey also can be applied in various ways onto your lips.
For the most simple one, you just have to geat some water to lukewarm extent, add 2 to 3 tbsp of honey to 50 ml of water and massage this misture on the lips evenly.
Another alternative could be adding turmeric powder to honey and make it into a fine paste. Apply this paste on the dark lips in the night and leave it overnight.
In the morning you can rinse it off with water or rose water and wipe with a soft towel. Repeating this everyday will work wonders for you and helps you get rid of dark lips.
Yet another remedy could be using milk. For this you need to add 1 tbsp of milk to 2 tbsp of honey and make a thick paste. Apply this and give a gentle massage through your fingers. Leave it for 30 minutes before washing it.
Don't miss to read 14 beauty tips that will help you in enhancing your natural beauty even more.
Turmeric is a great healer of many skin problems from ancient times. Indians use this as a kitchen ingredient and also a beauty ingredient for many home made remedies. If you have cracked lips, this home remedy will work wonders for you. It has high amount of vitamins and minerals that nourishes your lips and helps you to get rid of dark lips. It also contains anti oxidant properties which helps to remove dead cells and promotes regeneration of new cells.
Heat 50 ml of milk and add it to 3 tbsp of turmeric and make a fine paste out of it.
Apply this on your dark lips everyday to get of dark lips real fast.
Another way of applying turmeric could be adding 2 tbsp of honey to 2 tbsp of turmeric and applying it on the lips.
Leave this mixture overnight. Wash it off in the morning using rosewater for best results.
Turmeric can also heal cracked lips and keeps you at bay from dry lips through its moisturizing properties.
Most of us are aware that cucumber contains 80 – 90% of water in it. It has high moisturizing properties that keeps you at bay from dry lips. Besides it helps to remove dead skin cells from your lips and gives you beautiful looking pink lips. It is a lightening agent and can help in fading away the darker tone of your lips leaving you with pink lips.
Cucumber is a common ingredient you will probably even find in your refrigerator.
Cut the cucumber into small slices and extract juice from it.
You can apply this mixture later. But before that, you can use the peeled skin of cucumber and rub it onto your dark lips gently for at least 8 minutes.
After you're done rubbing the cucumber peels on your lips, wipe your lips with clean towel and now apply the extracted juice if cucumber.
You can leave it all day or night according to your personal preferences. Cucumber is a very simple yet effective home remedies for dark lips that will surely surprise you with its results within a month of regular application.
Those were some amazing home remedies for dark lips that should work for you to part ways with dark lips. Nonetheless only knowing all of them will do no good if you don't follow them accurately. Also using these remedies for about 5 to 6 days and expecting to get rid of dark lips is foolish. You need to be patient enough and provide sufficient time for these home remedies for dark lips to show what they can really do! So, patience is a must. Follow these regularly and get rid of dark lips effectively and land up with rosy pink lips! After all, we all are jealous of those people having pink lips, aren't we? So, time to get to work!
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text:
Q: Obtener ultima iteracion en un for of En una sentencia for sería de esta forma:
for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
  if (i === data.length - 1) {
    console.log("es la ultima ")
  } else {
    console.log("No es la ultima")
  }
  // cosas...
}

Pero ¿cómo puedo obtener la última iteración usando una sentencia for ... of?

A: Como no especificas qué tipo de objeto pretendes iterar, será difícil darte una respuesta única.
En tu pregunta veo que usas la propiedad length del objeto iterable, esto nos da una pista de que puedes estar iterando alguno de los siguientes objetos:

*

*String

*Array

*TypedArray

*NodeList

*arguments
Una forma de usar dicha propiedad para saber cuando estás en la última iteración puede ser la siguiente:

let myIterable = [1,2,3,4,5];
let iteracion = 0;

for(let element of myIterable) {
  iteracion++;
  console.log(`Iteración número: ${iteracion}`);
  if(iteracion === myIterable.length) {
    console.log('Esta es la última iteración sobre el objeto iterable');
  }
}
.as-console-wrapper { max-height: 100% !important; top: 0; }

Como puedes ver, voy a iterar sobre un tipo Array. He creado una variable fuera del bucle a la cual he llamado iteracion y la he iniciado en 0. En cada iteración se aumenta el valor de dicha variable y se compara con el valor devuelto por la propiedad length del obejto iterable. De esta forma, cuando ambos valores coincidan significa que es la última iteración.
No es la única forma, y dependerá también del tipo de objeto que estés iterando.
Puedes leer la documentación de la sentencia for ... of como referencia.

A: Si tu iterable es un array, el método array.entries() te devuelve en cada iteración una pareja [indice, valor]. Puedes usar la parte indice para saber si es el último, y la parte valor para lo que necesites. Es decir:

var array1 = ['a', 'b', 'c'];

for ([i, element] of array1.entries()) {
  if (i==array1.length-1) {
     ultimo = "es el último";
  } else {
     ultimo = "no es el último";
  }
  console.log(element, ultimo);
}

A: Sin una propiedad que lo indique (como length), no podemos saber de antemano cual es la última iteración.
El loop for..of podŕia no tener último elemento (podŕia ser infinito), lo que hace el loop es llamar a la función .next(), dicho de otro modo, la iteración y la cantidad de elementos no tienen necesariamente relación. Lo que le indica al loop que tiene que dejar de iterar es la propiedad done del objeto que retorna .next().
Es decir: cuando  for...of comienza a iterar, no sabe cuando va a terminar. Termina cuando done es true.
Ejemplo:

const obj1 = {}

obj1[Symbol.iterator] = function* () {
  let i = 0;
  while(i<=3){// <-- podŕia ser true y es infinito
    yield ["a",i++];
  }
};

var iterator = obj1[Symbol.iterator]();

console.log(iterator.next().done);// 1 elemento
console.log(iterator.next().done);// 2 elementos
console.log(iterator.next().done);// 3 elementos
console.log(iterator.next().done);// 4 elementos
console.log(iterator.next().done);// no hay mas

Dicho esto, la opción para saber cual es la cantidad de elementos (si no tiene la propiedad lenght) es iterandolo completo y contando la cantidad de iteraciones. Es decir, la última iteración solo se conoce al final de una iteración completa.

const obj1 = {}

obj1[Symbol.iterator] = function* () {
  let i = 0;
  while(i<=3){
    yield ["a",i++];
  }
};

var iterator = obj1[Symbol.iterator]();

let length = -1;
let termino = false;
while(!termino){//<-- termina cuando .done es true
  length++;
  termino = iterator.next().done;
}

console.log("El objeto tiene "+length+" elementos");

Como podrán ver, el objeto está vacío en realidad, esto quiere decir que el iterador no tiene una relación necesaria con la cantidad de elementos. Pero cada iteración retorna un valor que podemos entender que es un elemento.
Los ejemplos anteriores con un for of serían:

const obj1 = {}

obj1[Symbol.iterator] = function* () {
  let i = 0;
  while(i<=3){
    yield ["a",i++];
  }
};

var iterator = obj1[Symbol.iterator]();

for(let p of obj1){
  console.log(p)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Below are all poems written by international poet Brian Densham. If you like the poems, please comment on the work of this writer/poet . Enjoy these wonderful poems on PoetrySoup.com: the free premier international poetry community. Remember, Poetrysoup is an environment of encouragement and growth. Please provide only specific positive comments that indicate what you appreciate about the poems of Brian Densham.
12/01/2018 On a Water Hazard 212 I do not know?
05/25/2018 My Father 124 I do not know?
05/22/2018 Friend 70 I do not know?
There is no Hell but that we go there freely. No Heaven but for our own faith. And there is no Earthly measure but a single life.
Love is a blindfold worn by a fool walking along the edge of an abyss.
Politics is a battle of pots all vying to be the kettle.
We cannot do what we cannot do. But if we will not do what we can, then why are we here?


text:
EXID's Solji returns to the Instagram world with new account
EXID's Solji has finally given in and created her own, personal Instagram account, joining members Hani, LE, Junghwa, and Hyerin!
On April 2nd, the account was confirmed as she made her first post on the social media website, which was later posted on EXID's official Twitter account just minutes later. She writes, "Thank you to all the many people who have given support #InstaStart Here's an original photo!!"
Solji seemed to have had a previous Instagram account in early 2014, but has since been deleted. It seems that in light of the group's comeback, it only seemed natural to return to the popular social media with a new account. Under a similar name as her previous account, albeit with the addition of a period, fans can now follow the talented singer under the name soul.g_heo.
Welcome back Solji!
A post shared by 솔지 / Soul G ❤ (@soul.g_heo) on Apr 1, 2015 at 10:24pm PDT

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Winner: Could we have a situation where both Alabama (11 wins) and Georgia (10.5 wins) get to the SEC championship without a loss? More than a fighting chance for that to happen, considering the talent these programs have, but AccuScore sim data suggets Alabama gets to above 11 wins, with Georgia around 10. The data would actually suggest the UNDERs for Georgia.
The UNDER x2: We've got two suggestions here in lieu of an OVER pick. AccuScore sim data suggests taking the UNDER on Tennessee's win total, with the Vols averaging around 4-to-5 wins this season.
Also, there's a heavy lean on the UNDER for Mississippi State's win total (8). They win closer to five-to-six games in simulations, suggesting some value on the pick. They have a tough road matchup at Kansas State in early September, with even tougher road matchups later in the calendar vs LSU, Alabama, Aurburn and Texas A&M.
Stay Away: People are expecting Joe Burrow to make a big difference for LSU this season, but AccuScore sim data just isn't as confident. Their total is set at 7 wins and they win closer to 6 in simulations. They have a tough schedule in September with Miami and Auburn on the slate, followed by matchups with Florida, Georgia, Mississippi State and Alabama -- things can go either way so we'd suggest staying away.


This is a statewide event. Our squadron has attended for many years, and it is always an excellent experience for everyone. We will travel by van to Seymour Johnson on Friday afternoon (3/23) and return late on Sunday (3/25). Check your emails for notice of when sign-ups are open. There is a minimal fee that covers food and lodging for the weekend.
We are pleased to announce that Student Applications for 2018 NCWG Drill and Ceremonies Academy are now open! This will be the 5th annual NC Wing Drill and Ceremonies Academy and will be held at Seymour Johnson AFB on March 23-25. For more info please view this information document.
To sign-up please fill out this form; deadline for application is March 10, 2018.


With our wealth of experience in booking group travel throughout the United States and our buying power over the past 25 years, we will create a trip for your participants that is exciting and memorable.
In order for us to provide the best possible pricing for your tour services, we work only with groups of at least 10 or more rooms per night.
We will seamlessly organize the countless details of your clients' trip for you and enable you to offer the end product to your client, without the hassle. We will also keep you up to date with the latest developments, changes, new products and services and to coordinate details with the best suppliers.
You will have the convenience of American Journeys International staff on site to deliver tickets, assist you with hotel check-ins and make sure your every detail of your trip is finalized. Let our 25 years of planning tours in the United States provide you with an easy inbound travel to the USA.


text:
Доналд Чарлз Лавоа () е американски икономист.

Роден е на 4 април 1951 година. През 1973 година завършва компютърни науки в Устърския политехнически институт, а през 1981 година защитава докторат по икономика в Нюйоркския университет при Израел Кирцнър. През следващите години преподава в Университета "Джордж Мейсън". Привърженик на Австрийската школа, той работи върху проблема на икономическото изчисление, както и в областта на философията на науката, по-специално прилагането на херменевтиката към проблеми на икономическата наука.

Дон Лавоа умира от инсулт на 6 ноември 2001 година.

Бележки

Американски икономисти
Възпитаници на Нюйоркския университет
Икономисти от Австрийската школа
Починали от инсулт

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Rethinking Latin American Studies from the South
Gabriela Alonso-Yañez
Gabriela Alonso-Yañez is an Associate Professor at the Werklund School of Education. Her research focuses on learning in the context of sustainability and global change. She is interested in understanding the factors and conditions that influence how teams produce integrated, action-oriented socioecological knowledge in networks that include knowledge keepers, local community members and academics. Her full University of Calgary profile can be accessed here. She can be reached at: galonsoy@ucalgary.ca
Ben M. McKay
Ben McKay is an Assistant Professor of Development and Sustainability in the Department of Anthropology and Archaeology at the University of Calgary. He received his PhD from the International Institute of Social Studies (ISS) in The Hague, Netherlands, and is a Research Associate and part of the Global Secretariat of the BRICS Initiative for Critical Agrarian Studies (BICAS). His research interests include the politics of agrarian change in Latin America, food sovereignty alternatives, the extractive character of capitalist agricultural development, the global food system, flex crops, and the rise of emerging economies and their implications for global agrarian transformation. He has carried out research and maintains research interests in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela. His work has been published in the Journal of Peasant Studies, World Development, Canadian Journal of Development Studies, Journal of Agrarian Change, Energy Policy, Third World Quarterly, Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal, Globalizations, among others. Email: ben.mckay@ucalgary.ca
Pablo Policzer
Pablo Policzer is an Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Calgary. A specialist in comparative politics, his research focuses on the evolution of violent conflict - especially among armed actors such as militaries, police forces, and non-state armed groups - in authoritarian and democratic regimes. He held the Canada Research Chair in Latin American Politics (2005-2015), and is a Fellow at the Centre for Military and Strategic Studies. He was also an active Fellow at the Latin American Research Centre before being appointed Director in 2015. His book The Rise and Fall of Repression in Chile (Notre Dame University Press, 2009) was named a Choice Magazine "Outstanding Academic Title", and won the 2010 award for best book in Comparative Politics from the Canadian Political Science Association. He obtained his PhD in political science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and his BA (Honours, First Class) in political science from the University of British Columbia.
Ana Watson
Ana Watson is a doctoral candidate in Geography at the University of Calgary (Canada) wherein she is a member of the Environmental Policy & Governance research group. She is originally from Peru and holds an MA degree in Environment and Development from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, and a BSc in Life Science from the National Agrarian University La Molina. Her background includes more than 8 years as a biodiversity specialist with pastoralism and grassland ecology projects in the Andes, as well as biodiversity and ecosystem services action plans for energy projects in the Amazon. She was involved in research projects that identify the conditions that enable participatory environmental governance in Latin America. Her doctoral dissertation focuses on the human dimensions of environmental conservation in Liquified Natural Gas operations in the Amazon. Her main objective is to support efforts that bridge transdisciplinary academic knowledge and decision-making to advance nature conservation and development efforts.
Danilo Borja
Danilo is a fourth-year PhD Candidate in the Department of Geography, and member of the Environmental Policy and Governance Research Group. He completed a B.Sc in Geographical and Environmental Engineering at the Armed Forces University ESPE, Ecuador, and a M. Eng in Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering at Chonbuk National University (CBNU), South Korea. During his Master´s, Danilo was a member of the COLINS laboratory at CBNU and a visiting student at CeBER and Hydrometallurgy research groups at the University of Cape Town. During that time, he participated in various research projects related to bioremediation. He also has experience working with local communities in the Ecuadorian Amazon as a volunteer and as a professional geographer. His current research focuses on the oil politics in Ecuador's Amazon, specifically addressing participation in environmental regulation, disputes over rents, and violence.
Alem Cherinet
Alem Cherinet received her undergraduate degrees from the University of Calgary, where she majored in International Relations and Latin American Studies. As a master's candidate in the Department of Political Science, her research focuses on issues of conflict, violence, and citizen security in Latin America. Her current project traces the advent of Mexico's General Law on Forced Disappearance (2017), along with the social and political mechanisms responsible for its development, design, and enactment. Alem is a former resident of the Latin American Research Centre, the Professional Development Chair of the Political Science Graduate Students' Association, a member of the External Advisory Working Group to the University's GSA, and an organizational consultant.
Rita Giacalone
Rita Giacalone is Professor of Economic History, Department of Economics, Universidad de Los Andes (Venezuela), and Coordinator of GRUDIR (Regional Integration Research Group). She was Director of the School of Political Science, Coordinator of REDINRE (an ALFA Program network of European and Latin American universities), and Editor of Revista Venezolana de Ciencia Política and of Revista Agroalimentaria. She has been a Visiting Professor at University of Pennsylvania, Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Universidad Autónoma de México, Universidad de La Plata (Argentina), and Stockholm University. She holds a Ph.D. in History from Indiana University, and has been beneficiary of a Fulbright-Hayes Scholarship. Her latest publications include "Anti-Americanism and Trade Policy in Brazil and France" (co-author: Gerry Alons) Revista Iberoamericana (Stockholm) 43 (1-2) (2013), "Latin American Answers to Mega-Regional Projects: Options and Limits" in J. Roy (ed.) A New Atlantic Community. The European Union, the US and Latin America. Miami: Jean Monnet Chair-University of Miami, 2015, and Geopolítica y Geo-economía en el proceso globalizador. Bogotá: Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, 2016.
Amelia Kiddle
Dr. Kiddle is Associate Professor of history and the Coordinator of the Latin American Studies Program at the University of Calgary. She specializes in the political and cultural history of Mexican foreign relations. She has published articles in the Journal of Latin American Studies and Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos. Her first monograph, Mexico's Relations with Latin America during the Cárdenas Era, which is based upon her University of Arizona doctoral dissertation (winner of the 2010 Premio Genaro Estrada from the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs) was published by the University of New Mexico Press. As an outgrowth of this project, she developed an interest in the Mexican oil expropriation of 1938's place in inter-American affairs. She and her colleague in Mexico, Cecilia Zuleta published an anthology of newspaper articles from Latin America reacting to the expropriation (PEMEX, 2014) and they have begun work on a co-authored book tentatively titled The Mexican Oil Expropriation of 1938 in Latin American Politics and Culture, a project which is supported by an Insight Grant from the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Dr. Kiddle received the inaugural Sir Izaak Walton Killam SSHRC Emerging Research Leader Award from the University of Calgary in 2014.
Chelsea Klinke
Digital Support. Chelsea Klinke is a Master's Student in Anthropology at the University of Calgary. Under the supervisory of Dr. Ben McKay, her current research analyses the resilience dynamics of camelid agro-pastoralists in the face of climatic and extractive pressures in the Bolivian Andes. Alongside Bolivian partner organizations and community counterparts, a community-based participatory research initiative grounded in digital storytelling will highlight the role of diversified agroecological models in a shifting landscape and livelihood. This collaboration will continue into her Ph.D. program at the University of Calgary.
Hendrik Kraay
Hendrik Kraay is a professor of history at the University of Calgary. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin (1995) and subsequently held a postdoctoral fellowship at the University of British Columbia. Since 1997, he has taught at the University of Calgary. He is the author of Race, State, and Armed Forces in Independence-Era Brazil: Bahia, 1790s-1840s (Stanford University Press, 2001); Days of National Festivity in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1823-1889 (Stanford University Press, 2013), winner of the Conference on Latin American History's 2014 Warren Dean Memorial Prize for the best book on Brazilian history; and Bahia's Independence: Popular Politics and Patriotic Festival in Salvador, Brazil, 1824-1900 (McGill-Queen's University Press, 2019). In addition to numerous articles and book chapters published in English and Portuguese, Kraay has edited or coedited the following books: Afro-Brazilian Culture and Politics: Bahia, 1790s-1990s (M.E. Sharpe, 1998); Nova História Militar Brasileira (with Celso Castro and Vitor Izecksohn, Editora da Fundação Getúlio Vargas, 2004); I Die with My Country: Perspectives on the Paraguayan War, 1864-1870 (with Thomas L. Whigham, University of Nebraska Press, 2004); Negotiating Identities in Modern Latin America (University of Calgary Press, 2007); and Press, Power, and Culture in Imperial Brazil, 1822-1889 (with Celso Thomas Castilho and Teresa Cribelli, University of Nebraska Press, in press [2021]). In 2004, Kraay was visiting professor at the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. His research has been supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council's Standard Research Grant and Insight Grant programs. In 2014-15, Kraay served as acting director of the Latin American Research Centre. His current research projects are focused on the change in pre-Lenten celebrations from entrudo to carnaval.
Elizabeth Montes Garcés
Elizabeth Montes Garcés' research focuses on Latin American prose fiction, Latin American women writers as well as literature and film in Latin America. She has published extensively in Canada, the United States, Europe, and Latin America. Her area of expertise is Latin American women's writing. Her book El cuestionamiento de los mecanismos de representación en la novelística de Fanny Buitrago was published by Peter Lang in 1997, and she also edited the volume Relocating Identities in Latin American Cultures (University of Calgary Press, 2007), and Violence in Argentine Literature and Film: 1989-2005 with Carolina Rocha (University of Calgary Press, 2010). She has published several articles on Latin American female Writers in prestigious journals such as Texto crítico, Letras femeninas, Revista de Literatura Mexicana Contemporánea, and Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos. She is currently working on the edition of a special issue of the Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos on the representation of women in Contemporary Spanish and Latin American cartoons.
Alberto Montoya C. Palacios Jr.
Alberto Montoya C. Palacios Jr is a visiting postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Political Science at the University of Calgary. He received a Ph.D. and master's degrees in International Relations from UNESP (São Paulo State University). His focuses are on theories of war and peace and security and defence cooperation in Latin America. During his Ph.D. research, he shifted from state-centric approaches towards Amerindian societies, such as the Tupi-Guarani and Yanomami, in South America. He is author of two books published in Portuguese by UNESP Press: "The Wars of Revenge and International Relations: a dialogue with Political Anthropology about the Tupi-Guarani and Yanomami (2019)" and "Theories of Preventive Wars and International Relations (2011)"
Topics of Interest include: International Security; Defence Policies in Latin America; Amerindian studies
Roberta Rice
Roberta Rice is an Associate Professor of Indigenous Politics in the Department of Political Science at the University of Calgary, Canada. She is the author of The New Politics of Protest: Indigenous Mobilization in Latin America's Neoliberal Era (University of Arizona Press, 2012) and the co-editor of Protest and Democracy (University of Calgary Press, 2019) and Re-Imagining Community and Civil Society in Latin America and the Caribbean (Routledge, 2016). Her work has appeared in the Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, International Indigenous Policy Journal, International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, Latin American Research Review, Comparative Political Studies, and Party Politics. She is currently completing a book project on Indigenous rights and representation in Canada and Latin America. She is also working on a new project on Indigenous activism and extractive industry in Bolivia, Ecuador and the Philippines that is funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
Adriana Rincón Villegas
Adriana is a Doctoral Candidate in the Global Governance and Human Security PhD program at the McCormack Graduate School of Policy and Global Studies (University of Massachusetts Boston.) She holds a MA in Geography from University of Georgia (2015), and a LLB from Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano (2009). She is also a Visiting fellow and former Sessional Instructor for the DEST 393 course (Winter 2019) at University of Calgary, and worked as a RA at University of Alberta from 2018 to 2020. She is currently a Individualized Study Tutor and Subject Matter Expert at Athabasca University. In the spring of 2019 Adriana received the DAG Chandra Sriram Early Career fellow (Amsterdam, Netherlands). In the summer of 2017, Adriana was recipient of the UMass Boston-SSRC Transdisciplinary Dissertation Proposal Development Program award. Her research interests include critical approaches to transitional justice, peace, and gender studies in Colombia. Using decolonial feminism and critical approaches to law and peace, her research explores the gender assumptions and identities of peace in the Colombian legal discourse (1946-1991).
Victoria Simmons
Victoria Simmons teaches migration and citizenship at Mount Royal University. She holds a PhD in Sociology from Carleton University (Canada), an M.A. in Latin American Studies from Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (U.N.A.M) and a B.A. in Development Studies from the University of Calgary. Dr. Simmons has authored and co-authored publications on migration in Latin America.


Collecting perception data in hard-to-reach areas and fragile contexts can be extremely challenging, but is necessary to better understand who is excluded, who feels excluded, and to measure horizontal inequalities. Doing so requires the use of innovative methodologies. In particular, technology is a valuable tool with which to access remote and conflict-affected areas where exclusion is likely to be the worst.
Since the end of World War II, we have experienced a shift in conflict dynamics, from inter-state to intra-state conflicts. In 2016 alone, the world witnessed 47 intra-state conflicts. Today, wars are fought within state borders between a multiplicity of actors over the distribution of political power and national wealth both at and between the center and subnational governance levels. Marginalized groups are vying for greater autonomy at the local level, while those in control of the state—be they majorities or dominant minority groups—seek to consolidate political power at the center. Such intra-state conflicts with subnational dimensions are among the most protracted and violent conflicts.
The role of media in fragile and conflict-affected societies has changed enormously in recent years, as media landscapes and technologies have transformed. The background paper to the Pathways for Peace report, "Media Noise and the Complexity of Conflicts: Making Sense of Media in Conflict Prevention," seeks to identify and discuss the various roles media may play in governance, accountability, and the conflict cycle with regards to conflict prevention. Such a discussion is timely and relevant given the changing nature of both conflict and media technology, and the use of these tools in heralding change in conflict-prone and fragile states.
Can inclusive approaches prevent the escalation or recurrence of violence, as the subtitle of the recent UN–World Bank report, Pathways for Peace, suggests? If so, how? And what are the pitfalls of inclusion? Qualitative case study research conducted at the Inclusive Peace and Transition Initiative (IPTI) offers answers to these complex questions.


My name is Alexandru Dicu and I am an independent software developer. Back in February 2010 I created Windows Firewall Control and the website binisoft.org. This successful one person company was acquired by Malwarebytes in March 2018. As I still have new ideas, I decided to start biniware.com website and publish here new software that I am working on. You can see below the current software which is available for download. New tools will be published in the near future.
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Version 2.1.0.0 of the product was released.
After several months of hard work, the new website is finally up and running.


text:
OverviewPERSERECEspionage Casessecretary
Office of the Secretary of Defence & Defense Intelligence Agency
1983 - WALDO H. DUBBERSTEIN, retired DIA employee and associate of convicted arms smuggler Edwin P. Wilson, was indicted on 28 April 1983 on charges of selling US military secrets to Libya. The following day Dubberstein was found dead; his death was later ruled a suicide. Had he been convicted of espionage and of other charges against him, including conspiracy and bribery, Dubberstein would have faced a possible sentence of 57 years and $80,000 in fines. Dubberstein had apparently begun his cooperation with Libya as an outgrowth of meetings with an old CIA friend, Edwin P. Wilson, who acted as a middleman for passage of information to Libya and receipt of payments to Dubberstein.
Washington Post 8 May 1983, "The Last Battle of an Old War Horse"
Time 9 May 1983, "Beyond Justice: An Accused Spy is Dead"
2005 - LAWRENCE ANTHONY FRANKLIN, an intelligence analyst in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, International Security Affairs, Iran desk, held a Top Secret clearance with access to sensitive compartmented information. The FBI filed criminal charges against Franklin 3 May 2005, accusing him of passing, from 2002 to 2004, classified military information about Iran and Iraq to two pro-Israel lobbyists, Steven Rosen and Keith Weissman, and to an Israeli diplomat. Rosen and Weissman were senior staff members of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), a pro-Israel lobbying organization. Their own prosecution in the same case was novel in that neither held security clearances that required them to protect U.S. classified information. Franklin pleaded guilty in October 2005 to three felony counts in exchange for his cooperation and the government's willingness to drop three other charges. He was sentenced in January 2006 to 12 years and seven months in prison and a $10,000 fine. This relatively lenient sentence reflected the judge's impression that Franklin had been driven by a desire to help, not damage, the US. Franklin was not to begin his sentence until after legal proceedings against Rosen and Weissman were completed, at which time his sentence might be reduced. Meanwhile, Franklin remained free on bail. On 1 May 2009 prosecutors announced that they were abandoning the charges against Rosen and Weissman and then, on 12 June 2009, Franklin's sentence was reduced to probation, with 10 months of home confinement.
BBCnews.com 20 Jan 2006, "Pentagon Man Jailed Over Spying"
New York Times 1 Dec 2006, "Former Military Analyst Gets Prison Term for Passing Information"
Federation of American Scientists 23 Jun 2008, "Court Narrows Scope of Appeal in AIPAC Case"
Washington Post 1 May 2009, "Charges to be Dropped Against Two Former AIPAC Lobbyists"
Washington Post 12 Jun 2009, "Sentence Reduced in Pentagon Case"
1993 - FREDERICK CHRISTOPHER HAMILTON, a former Defense Intelligence Agency official, pleaded guilty on 5 February 1993 to the charge of passing to Ecuadorian officials classified US intelligence reports evaluating the military readiness of Peruvian security forces. At the time, Hamilton was a DIA research technician in the defense attaché's office in Lima, Peru, a post which he held from 1989 to 1991. He apparently believed that the disclosures could help avert a possible conflict between the two countries. Peru and Ecuador have been disputing territory (sometimes violently) along their mutual border for the past 50 years. Hamilton holds advanced degrees in Spanish and Portuguese. At the time of his arrest, he was employed as a language instructor at a military academy in Virginia. His activities were uncovered by US intelligence agencies after they received information from a confidential source indicating secrets were being leaked. Hamilton, who held a Top Secret security clearance while with the DIA, met Ecuadorian representatives in their embassy in Lima on 13 February and 20 May of 1991. He passed extremely sensitive information that disclosed US intelligence operations and the identity of US sources in the region. "He didn't get any money," said a US official. "He was a very naive individual who was flattered by the [Ecuadorians]." Hamilton's attorney stated that, "What he thought he was trying to do was prevent a war... The purpose of disclosing the documents that he did was to show the country that was concerned about being attacked that the other country had neither the intent nor the ability to attack." Hamilton reportedly passed five Secret intelligence reports and orally disclosed the contents of four other classified reports. Under a court agreement, the former DIA employee pleaded guilty to two counts of unlawfully communicating classified information to a foreign country. The agreement specifies Hamilton may not appeal the sentence and the Justice Department will not prosecute him for espionage-related crimes. On 16 April, he was sentenced to 37 months in prison.
Washington Post 6 Feb 1993, "Va. Man Pleads Guilty to Leaking US Secrets"
Washington Times 6 Feb 1993, "Ex-DIA Official Pleads Guilty in Document Leak"
2008 - TAI SHEN KUO, 58, a naturalized US citizen born in Taiwan, imported furniture from China and had a store in New Orleans at the time of his arrest on 11 February 2008 for spying for the People's Republic of China (PRC). A member of a prominent Taiwanese family, Kuo had immigrated to the US in 1972, attending college in Louisiana before building his own business in New Orleans, primarily involving furniture. He maintained an office in Beijing and took steps towards establishing two companies in the US to pursue contracts related to the US sale of defense technology to Taiwan. Masquerading as a Taiwanese agent when in fact he was working for the Beijing government, Kuo cultivated a relationship with GREGG WILLIAM BERGERSEN, a 51-year-old Pentagon weapons systems policy analyst in the Defense Security Cooperation Agency, the agency that implements DoD's foreign military sales program. From Bergersen Kuo obtained sensitive and classified national defense information regarding US military sales to Taiwan. The period of espionage was March 2007 until February 2008. An unidentified Chinese agent (referred to in the government's affidavit as "PRC Official A") gave Kuo instructions on what information and documents to collect. Kuo is believed to have received $50,000 from PRC Official A, who had lured Kuo into espionage with promises of helping him secure business deals in China. In turn, Kuo gave thousands of dollars in gambling money and trips to Las Vegas to Bergersen, who provided Kuo with the requested information. Bergersen passed classified documents to Kuo, believing that the information was to be given to Taiwan, an American ally, and also that Kuo would eventually give him a post-retirement job in Kuo's future defense consulting firm. A third person in the ring was YU XIN KANG, 33, a Chinese national resident alien who had met Kuo in Beijing years earlier and by 2007 was an employee in Kuo's New Orleans furniture company. Kang periodically acted as a go-between for Kuo and PRC Official A, carrying documents to Beijing where she had an apartment. Kuo was sentenced on 8 August 2008 to nearly 16 years in prison for being an unregistered agent of the PRC. Bergersen pleaded guilty in April 2008 and agreed to help federal authorities build their case against his co-conspirators; on 11 July 2008 he was given a 57-month sentence, plus three years' supervised release. Kang was sentenced on 1 August 2008 to 18 months and three years of supervised release for aiding and abetting an unregistered agent of the PRC. In May 2009 another individual, a former Air Force Lieutenant Colonel, was charged with giving classified data to China via Kuo; he has pleaded not guilty.
Times-Picayune 1 Apr 2008, "Arms Analyst Admits Role in Spy Ring"
New York Times 10 Jul 2008, "Spy Cases Raise Concern on China's Intentions"
Department of Justice Press Release 1 Aug 2008, "New Orleans Woman Sentenced to Prison for Aiding and Abetting Unregistered Agent of China"
New York Times 8 Aug 2008, "US Man Who Spied for China Gets Nearly 16 Years"
2004 - RONALD N. MONTAPERTO, a former DIA intelligence analyst, in late 2003 admitted to FBI and Navy counterintelligence agents that he had verbally provided Secret and Top Secret information to Chinese intelligence officers over several years (1989 to 2001). Back in 1982 Dr. Montaperto had been one of six DIA analysts selected to participate in a CIA-sponsored pilot program to foster social and professional interactions between DIA's China experts and the Chinese military. After the program ended, Montaperto continued to maintain those close relationships as part of his official duties but did not always report these meetings to DIA, a violation of security rules. Montaperto began work for the DIA in 1981 as an intelligence analyst and went on in 1992 to become a research professor at the National Defense University. He later was dean of academics at the US Pacific Command's Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies until early 2004 when he was dismissed. Montaperto was first investigated by the FBI in the late 1980s after a Chinese defector told US intelligence that Beijing had developed a handful of clandestine sources, "dear friends" to China. The FBI suspected Montaperto but later cleared him. Then in early 1991, when the FBI was again interviewing him, he admitted to having verbally provided contacts with information but could not recall the specifics. Nor was the FBI itself able to identify the precise nature of classified information that Montaperto had passed. The case was dropped for lack of evidence. In August 2001 the FBI and Navy, still in pursuit, initiated a "ruse" operation against Montaperto offering him work on a China-related project, but this would involve his taking a CI polygraph. It was during that polygraph that Montaperto made his admissions. In February 2004, FBI agents searched his home and found six 1980s-era classified documents. Montaperto pleaded guilty on 22 June 2006 to one count of unlawful retention of classified national defense information and—as a condition of the plea bargain—admitted to having provided Chinese military attachés considerable amounts of Secret and Top Secret information. Montaperto claimed that passing classified intelligence to China was unintentional and that he was only trying to gain intelligence that could be used in US policymaking. The plea bargain meant that Montaparto was not charged on more serious espionage counts. Instead he was sentenced on 8 September 2006 to three months in prison and three months' home detention, with five years' probation. Letters of support from current and former US senior intelligence and military officials persuaded the judge to grant the light sentence.
cicentre.com 6 Jul 2006, "Counterintelligence Case: Dr. Ronald N. Montaperto"
Washington Times 8 Sep 2006, "Leak Cost U.S. Spy Links to Chinese Arms Sales"
Washington Times 23 Feb 2007, "Inside the Ring"
2001 - ANA BELEN MONTES, a senior intelligence analyst at the Defense Intelligence Agency, transmitted sensitive and classified military and intelligence information to Cuba for at least 16 years before she was arrested on 21 September 2001. Surveillance on her activities was curtailed in response to the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 and concern that Cuba could pass on intelligence to other nations. Montes was 44, unmarried, and a US citizen of Puerto Rican descent. She was employed by the Justice Department when sometime before 1985 she began working with the Cuban Directorate of Intelligence. It has not been revealed whether she volunteered or was recruited by them. They encouraged her to seek a position with better access to information, and in 1985 she transferred to a job at DIA. From her office at Bolling AFB in Washington, DC, she focused on Latin American military intelligence. In 1992, she shifted from her initial work on Nicaragua and became the senior DIA analyst for Cuba. She passed at least one polygraph test while engaged in espionage. Montes met her Cuban handlers every three or four months either in the US or in Cuba to exchange encrypted disks of information or instructions. The Cubans also kept in contact through encrypted high-frequency radio bursts that she received on a short wave radio. She would enter the sequences of coded numbers coming from the radio into her laptop computer, and then apply a decryption disk to them to read the messages. She used pay phones on Washington street corners to send back encrypted number sequences to pager numbers answered by Cuban officials at the United Nations. By not following their strict instructions on how to remove all traces of the messages from her computer hard disk, Montes left behind evidence of her activities. Over her years of espionage, she gave the Cubans the names of four US military intelligence agents (they escaped harm), details on at least one special access program, defense contingency planning for Cuba, and aerial surveillance photos. She had access to Intelink and the information contributed to that network by 60 agencies and departments of the Federal government. Montes cooperated in debriefings by various intelligence agencies in a plea agreement to reduce her sentence. Her lawyers claimed she spied from sympathy toward Cuba and that she received no money for her espionage other than travel expenses and the cost of her laptop. She was sentenced on 16 October 2002 to 25 years in prison and five years' probation. At the sentencing hearing she made a defiantly unrepentant statement condemning US policy towards Cuba. The judge responded that she had betrayed her family and her country and told her "If you cannot love your country, you should at least do it no harm."
Miami Herald 21 Mar 2001, "To Catch a Spy"
Miami Herald 28 Mar 2001, "Cuban Spy Passed Polygraph at Least Once"
New York Times 30 Sep 2001, "Intelligence Analyst Charged with Spying for Cuba"
Miami Herald 16 Jun 2002, "She Led Two Lives—Dutiful Analyst, and Spy for Cuba"
New York Times 17 Oct 2002, "Ex-U.S. Aide Sentenced to 25 Years for Spying for Cuba"
1996 - PHILLIP TYLER SELDON, a former Pentagon civilian employee, pleaded guilty on 7 August 1996 in Alexandria, Virginia, to passing classified documents to a Salvadoran air force officer while on active military duty in El Salvador as a US Army captain. After leaving the Army, Seldon took a civilian job with the Department of Defense. According to court documents, Seldon gave the Salvadoran three packets of documents between November 1992 and July 1993. None of the material was reported to have exceeded the Secret level. Seldon claimed that he had met the Salvadoran officer while working as an intelligence advisor, and he believed that the officer had the appropriate clearance. This information came to light in the course of a polygraph examination as Seldon was applying for a position with the CIA. On 8 November, Seldon was sentenced by a US District court to two years in prison.
Washington Post 9 Nov 1996, "Ex-Pentagon Worker Given 2 Years for Passing Secrets"
1997 - KURT ALAN STAND, a regional labor union representative along with his wife, THERESE MARIE SQUILLACOTE, a former senior staff lawyer in the office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense, and friend JAMES MICHAEL CLARK, a private investigator, were arrested 4 Oct 1997 on charges of spying for East Germany and Russia. Stand reportedly began his spying activities in 1972 after being recruited by East Germany to cultivate other spies in the Washington, DC, area. He was introduced to East German intelligence officers (the Stasi) through his father, Maxmillian Stand, a chemical engineer who fled Nazi Germany in the 1930s. Clark, Squillacote, and Stand attended the University of Wisconsin in the 1970s where they were affiliated with leftist groups, specifically the Progressive Student Forum and the Young Workers Liberation League, the youth arm of the Communist Party USA. Stand recruited Clark in 1976 and Squillacote about the time the couple was married in 1980. Before obtaining a position at the Pentagon, Therese Squillacote was employed by the National Labor Relations Board and, later, the House Armed Services Committee. She sent numerous photographs to her German handlers. Squillacote reportedly told an undercover FBI agent that she turned to spying to support the progressive antiimperialist movement. She first came to the attention of the FBI in 1995 when she offered to be a spy in a letter to a South African government official who was a leader of his country's Communist Party. Stand and Squillacote frequently traveled to Mexico, Germany, and Canada during which time Stand would meet with their East German handlers. When the two Germanys united in 1990, Stand's controllers tried to recruit him to spy for the Soviet Union and then for the Russian Federation. Although he never gained access to classified material, his role in the operation was to recruit agents and to provide information about the nongovernmental groups with which he worked. Stand allegedly received $24,650 for his recruiting and coordinating efforts. On 23 Oct 1998, he and Squillacote were convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage, attempted espionage, and illegally obtaining national defense documents. On 22 January 1999, a US District Judge sentenced Squillacote to 21 years and 10 months in prison and Stand to a sentence of 17 years and six months.
New York Times 7 Oct 1997, "Three Onetime Radicals Held in Spy Case"
Washington Post 2 Nov 1997, "Cloak and Blabber; A Story of Espionage and Very Loose Lips"
Washington Post 24 Oct 1998, "Jury Rejects Entrapment Defense, Convicts DC Couple of Spying"


text:
Category Archives: Sample type
InFORMing Research, Marine Life
Non-native species from Japanese tsunami aided by unlikely partner: plastics
September 28, 2017 dr.jonathan.kellogg	Leave a comment
by Mark Floyd
Originally published by Oregon State University
NEWPORT, Ore. – A new study appearing this week in Science reports the discovery of a startling new role of plastic marine debris — the transport of non-native species in the world's oceans. Continue reading Non-native species from Japanese tsunami aided by unlikely partner: plastics →
Invasive speciesMarine DebrisTsunami
Cesium, Marine Life, N Pacific, Peer Reviewed, Potassium
How much Fukushima contamination is in migratory Pacific fish?
September 6, 2017 fukushimainform	Leave a comment
Proposed migration pathways of North Pacific predators.
The purpose of this post is to report on a recently published, peer-reviewed study that investigated the levels of Fukushima derived contamination in migratory Pacific predators. The post is part of an ongoing effort to inform interested members of the public what the scientific community is finding about the impact of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) disaster on the environmental and human health. Madigan and colleagues looked for radiocesium (134Cs, half life ~ 2 years; 137Cs, half life ~30 years) in a variety of large, predatory organisms in the North Pacific Ocean between 2012 and 2015. Their results were as follows:
Fukushima derived 134Cs could not be detected in any of the organisms with the exception of a single olive ridley sea turtle with trace levels (0.1 Bq kg-1 dry weight)
Levels of 137Cs varied in the organisms but were generally unchanged compared with levels measured in organisms prior to the FDNPP disaster (pre-2011)
Levels of 137Cs were roughly 10 to 100-fold lower in the organisms than levels of naturally occurring Potassium-40 (40K)
Neither the levels of radiocesium or 40K approach levels known to represent a significant health risk to the animal or human consumers
These direct measurements of contamination levels in marine predators suggest that assuming that Pacific organisms will accumulate detectable FDNPP contamination is unwise. Similarly, anxiety and speculation about the dangers of radiocesium bioaccumulation in the face of such data seems unfounded.
Between 2012 and 2015 a total of 91 different organisms from a variety of predatory marine groups were sampled and analyzed for the presence of radiocesium contamination and naturally occurring 40K. The human made isotope 134Cs, with its relatively short ~2 year half life, serves as a fingerprint of FDNPP contamination as all other human sources are sufficiently distant in the past to have completely decayed away in the environment. Organisms sampled and their radioisotope content are reported in the following table:
With the exception of a single olive ridley sea turtle no detectable (<0.1 Bq kg-1 dry weight) trace of FDNPP 134Cs contamination was found. Levels of 137Cs found in the organisms were similar to levels measured pre-Fukushima. In addition, the 137Cs levels were less than 0.2% of US FDA levels of concern (370 Bq kg-1 wet weight) and less than 0.05% of US FDA derived intervention levels (1200 Bq kg-1 wet weight). Simply stated levels in these organisms would have to be >1600-fold higher to be designated unfit for market. The levels and ionizing radiation dose to consumers from naturally occurring 40K dwarfed those from FDNPP radiocesium. Radiocesium derived ionizing radiation doses were <1% of those from 40K. Neither the doses from 40K or cesium isotopes approached, even remotely, those known to affect the health of the organisms or consumers of these organisms.
These results are consistent with those of the Integrated Fukushima Ocean Radionuclide Monitoring (InFORM) project. Ongoing, scientifically rigorous, monitoring of the marine environment provides the best evidence with which to gauge the risk that the FDNPP meltdowns represent for marine and public health here in North America.
BioaccumulationBiotaCesiumFukushima
Measuring Fukushima Contamination in Fish Caught in Hawaii
May 16, 2017 fukushimainform	1 Comment
Yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares leaping from the water
By Jay T. Cullen
The purpose of this post is to summarize a recently published, peer reviewed, scientific study that investigated levels of Fukushima derived contamination in fish caught in the North Pacific and sold at market in Hawai'i. This post is part of an ongoing series dedicated to bringing quality scientifically derived information to readers so that they can form an evidence based opinion regarding the environmental impact of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant meltdowns. The paper by Azouz and Dulai (both at the University of Hawai'i at Manoa) summarizes levels of human made 134-Cesium (134Cs half life ~2 years) and 137-Cesium (137Cs half life ~30 years) and naturally occurring 40-Potassium (40K half life 1.25 billion years) in 13 different fish purchased in Hawai'i in 2015. The findings of the study were that:
3 of the 13 fish had detectable levels (above the 95% confidence interval) of 134Cs which can be linked to the Fukushima disaster
Highest levels of radiocesium were found in 'ahi tuna with 134Cs and 137Cs of 0.10 ± 0.04 Bq kg-1 and 0.62 ± 0.05 Bq kg-1 respectively
Most of the fish carried no fingerprint of the Fukushima disaster
Levels of radiocesium were well below intervention levels of 1,200 Bq kg-1 set by the United States Food and Drug Administration
Doses to fish consumers from human made radioisotopes were 30-1,000 fold lower than the dose experienced because of naturally occurring 40K in the fish
Neither the effective dose from the natural nor the human made radioisotopes represent a significant health risk to consumers of the fish given scientifically established dose-response relationships
These results agree with the results of the Integrated Fukushima Ocean Radionuclide Monitoring Project (InFORM) I head up at the University of Victoria which has been making similar measurements on North Pacific fish returning to rivers in North America.
The Azouz and Dulai paper was published recently in the journal Pacific Science and can be found here. The authors obtained 13 different species (Ahi, Albacore Tuna, King Salmon, Cod, Dover Sole, Halibut, Mahi Mahi, Monchong, Onaga, Opah, Opakapaka, Swordfish and Yellowfin Tuna) of fish that were caught in the North Pacific (>20oN) and commonly consumed in Hawai'i at local markets. Information about the range and size of the fish are given in Table 1:
Levels of Radiocesium in Fish From Hawai'i
Samples of the fish tissue were freeze dried and homogenized before gamma emitting radioisotopes were measured using a gamma spectrometer by counting samples for a period of 7 days. Levels of 134Cs, because of its short half life, serve as a fingerprint of Fukushima in samples as previous sources of this human made isotope (e.g. 20th century nuclear weapons testing and the Chernobyl disaster) are sufficiently far in the past that all of the isotope has decayed away and is no longer present in the environment. Results of the analyses are summarized in the following figure:
Fig. 1 Cesium activities in fish collected in the North Pacific in 2015 and available for consumption in Hawai'i
In 3 fish statistically significant (>95% confidence interval) but trace levels of 134Cs was detected. Given that 137Cs/134Cs ratio in vast majority of the release from the Fukushima site was ~1 the authors were able to determine the fraction of radiocesium present in these fish owing to Fukushima versus legacy sources like atmospheric weapons testing. Maximum radiocesium levels in the fish approached 0.7-0.8 Bq kg-1 which is more than 1,500 fold lower than conservative levels thought be a health risk set by the FDA (1,200 Bq kg-1). Most fish had radiocesium attributable to weapons testing fallout. Fukushima radiocesium accounted for ~60% of the radiocesium detected in an Ahi measured by the authors.
Levels of Naturally Occurring 40-Potassium in Fish
Naturally occurring 40K decays with a half life of 1.25 billion years and in taken up into the tissue of marine fish. The levels of 40K in the fish measured by the authors are summarized in the table below:
Levels of artificial radiocesium and naturally occurring 40-K in fish from Hawai'i
Activity of 40K (Bq kg-1) tended be ~100 fold higher in the fish tissue than radiocesium activities.
Effective Dose of Ionizing Radiation and Health Impact to Fish Consumers
The authors determined the impact of fish consumption on the ionizing radiation dose experienced by individuals consuming an average amount of fish per year (24.1 kg per year or 53.1 pounds per year). The table below compares the dose in nanoSieverts per year (10-9 Sv yr-1) owing to historic and Fukushima sourced radiocesium and naturally occurring 40K in seafood.
Committed effective dose to fish consumers from artificial (human made) and naturally occurring 40-K
Converting isotope activities in the fish to dose demonstrates that 40K is responsible for ~100 times higher dose than 134Cs + 137Cs. Doses to humans from consuming the fish owing to radiocesium were 0.02–0.2 µ Sv yr-1, while doses of 6–20 µ Sv yr-1 were contributed by the natural 40K present in the same fish. These levels of radioisotopes and the calculated doses to consumers are similar to those reported by the InFORM project who have looked at Pacific salmon returning to rivers and streams in North America over the last 3-4 years. It is important to note that the bulk of ionizing radiation dose to fish consumers normally results from 210-Polonium (210Po half life 138 days) naturally present in the fish but this isotope was not measured in the Azouz and Dulai study.
Fukushima derived radioisotopes 134Cs and 137Cs were detected (at 95% confidence interval) in 3 of 13 fish caught in the North Pacific and commonly consumed by people living in the Hawaiian islands. The radiocesium in most fish reflected contamination largely present in the North Pacific Ocean owing to atmospheric weapons testing during the last century. The levels of radiocesium in the fish were a small fraction of the levels of naturally occurring radioisotopes like 40K. The committed effective dose of ionizing radiation to fish consumers is dominated by the naturally occurring isotopes and do not remotely approach levels known to represent a significant or measurable health risk to human beings. The results of this study agree with previously published research and results of the InFORM project which focuses on the impact of the Fukushima disaster on the marine ecosystem and public health in North America.
134-Cs137-Cs40-KAzouzFishHawaiiSeafoodTuna
Atmospheric, Cesium, Fukushima, Japan, North America
The fate of atmospheric Fukushima radiation
May 9, 2017 dr.jonathan.kellogg	Leave a comment
Did you enjoy your trip? If you were alive during the Fukushima meltdown in 2011, you received an extra dose of radiation equal to that received on a roundtrip flight from Vancouver to Tokyo. This is the result according to research presented by Nikolaos Evangeliou of the Norwegian Institute for Air Research at the annual meeting of the European Geophysical Union earlier this year.
Continue reading The fate of atmospheric Fukushima radiation →
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Cesium, Humans, Japan, Peer Reviewed
Fukushima residents exposed to far less radiation than thought
January 23, 2017 dr.jonathan.kellogg	Leave a comment
by Katherine Kornei
Citizen science usually isn't this personal. In 2011, roughly 65,000 Japanese citizens living near the crippled Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant started measuring their own radiation exposure in the wake of the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. That's because no one, not even experts, knew how accurate the traditional method of estimating dosage—taking readings from aircraft hundreds of meters above the ground—really was. Now, in a first-of-its-kind study, scientists analyzing the thousands of citizen readings have come to a surprising conclusion: The airborne observations in this region of Japan overestimated the true radiation level by a factor of four.
Continue reading Fukushima residents exposed to far less radiation than thought →
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Woah, Heavy ! We're the Old School Band, and we've just done a gig at The Old School in Croston ! So, just think "Old School, we've just done a gig there, we're a Band", so not only are we The Old School Band, …..oh never mind !!
Yes siree, it's an Old Schoolhouse in the grounds of the Church in the Historic part of Croston, recently converted for functions, smallish, but excellent for small to middling functions,we loved it even though we had to go over a ricketty racketty bridge like the three Billy Goats Gruff (Remember Them ?) to get our gear in. But yet anotrher successful wedding gig for us.
Wot's "Trick or Treat" all about ? It seems to me to be all about scaring old folk, and dressing up like a Mass Murderer, and as for recession, how come all the stores are full of elaborate costumes that can only be worn once, anyway, if you fancy it, we are doing a Halloween Ceilidh at the Horse and Bamboo, Waterfoot from 3.00 to 5.00pm, on Sunday 31st October, it's for children mainly, and there is also scary storytelling, all are welcome.
Meanwhile we've been all over doing weddings and birthdays from Hindley to Troutbeck, and stages in between.


"She sipped her coffee slowly."
"Did you wash my coffee cup?"
"We broke the coffee pot."
"These are excellent coffee beans."
"I need a coffee break."
"This is my favorite coffee shop."
"I just love the smell of coffee."
"Do you put anything in your coffee?"
"I like toast with my coffee."


The Unity Council hosted their last of three altar workshops for el Día de los Muertos, finishing up with a session on how to make paper mache skulls. Over 50 Bay Area residents attended the workshop.
The workshops are part of the Unity Council's cultural arts program to provide free community events in hopes of preserving and promoting all the different cultures in Oakland. "What I think is very important about this altar workshops is that they are created and made possible by city of Oakland taxpayer dollars," said Dana Kleinhesselink, senior manager of development and communication and coordinator for the el Día de los Muertos workshops.
The council will be celebrating their 22nd annual Día de los Muertos Festival on October 29. The celebration will include carnival rides, live music, performances from Ballet Folklorico and Aztec dancers, as well as altar exhibits.


Incident occurred on 23 September 2018, on the third day of a Four-Day Defensive Handgun course, at approximately 4:00 p.m.
There were ten students on the firing line with three Front Sight instructors observing and instructing the students. A ratio of one instructor for every 3.33 students.
The student was a 58-year-old male, in good health with no known serious medical problems.
Student was performing a firing drill at the 10-yard line when the incident occurred.
Without warning, the student fell backward to the ground and remained still. It was determined the student was in cardiac arrest and bystanders and staff began CPR within thirty seconds of his collapse.
Medical staff were immediately notified by range personnel and responded to the range. Pahrump Valley Fire & Rescue service was also dispatched to the incident.
Front Sight medical staff were on scene within four minutes of the call. Upon arrival, Front Sight medical staff took over incident management and used an AED to defibrillate the student. Medical personnel worked the arrest for several minutes, providing airway management, chest compressions, and two additional defibrillations. The student regained his heartbeat and breathing after the third defibrillation. Front Sight medical personnel cared for the student for an additional fifteen minutes until the arrival of a PVFD ambulance.
Once the PVFD ambulance was onsite with the patient, the determination was made to transport the student to Las Vegas via helicopter for medical treatment.
The student was flown to a Las Vegas area hospital and received emergency treatment for his condition. He is currently stable and recovering.
Cardiac arrest can happen for a variety of reasons and, as in this case, often occurs without any advance warning. According to witnesses, the student was behaving normally and enjoying the course right up until the moment he collapsed.
While there is nothing that could have been done to prevent this particular incident, it serves as an excellent example of why we go the extra mile to insure we have professionally trained medical staff on site when classes are in session.
This incident also serves as a telling reminder to all of us that we need to pursue medical training just as we pursue the perfection of our skills with firearms. It's not enough to be able to defend ourselves and our loved ones. We must also be prepared to take care of them when they need us most.
We take great pride in knowing we were prepared to help this person and wish him many more years of successful training at Front Sight with his family.


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Home world Congo voters go to polls today in legislative elections in African country
Congo voters go to polls today in legislative elections in African country
Vastavam web: Congo voters go to the polls today in legislative elections in the oil-rich African country, the first since violence-marred presidential polls last year which returned Denis Sassou Nguesso to power.While no fresh violence is expected opposition parties have cried foul, as over 2 million voters are expected to cast their ballots in the first round of polling in Congo- Brazzaville to elect National Assembly members as well as local councils.The main parliamentary opposition group, the Pan-African Union for Social Democracy (UPADS), has put forward 43 candidates, compared to 31 run by the UDH-Yuki group of Guy- Brice Parfait Kolelas, who came second in the presidentials last year.
But an opposition coalition comprising the IDC, the FROCAD and the CJ3M has said it will only take part under certain circumstances, including "the end of the crisis in Pool and the release of all political prisoners".However, the head of the Independent National Election Commission (CNEI), Henri Bouka, insisted voting will be held nationwide, including in Pool. "No (constituency) will be left out", he said."Campaigning has been carried out normally," Django Cissoko, head of a 50-strong African Union observer mission said Friday.But UPADS spokesman Daniel Tsoumou Ngouaka said the ruling party had an unfair advantage. "It's a one-way campaign because the PCT has controlled all the state media, leaving no space for others," he said.
Sassou Nguesso, a former paratrooper, served as president from 1979 to 1992, returning to power in 1997 following a civil war. He won two successive terms in elections in 2002 and 2009, both of which were disputed by opposition parties.Congo has substantial deposits of oil, timber and diamonds, but oil production remains its most important economic sector, and Congo is the fourth biggest producer in sub-Saharan Africa.
African country
Congo voters
Congo voters- polls
Daniel Tsoumou Ngouaka
Denis Sassou Nguesso
Django Cissoko
FROCAD
legislative elections
UPADS
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Valentines's day is around the corner and today, I will be sharing with you Valentine's day hack for singles. Some singles who aren't in a relationship will be worried about celebrating love alone hence they need to know how to survive the "lovers season". Check out 10 Facts you didn't know about Valentine.
Nowadays, crazy things are happening prior to and after Valentine's day, especially to singles. The pressure from families and friends drives some to find love Facebook and others display private love affairs online. But you know that you can still have a rocking and lovely valentine even though you are single? So, you don't have to feel sorry for yourself.
Fort the non-bitter singletons among us, you know those of you actually don't MIND being single on Valentine's Day. Shouldn't the celebration have something for us as well? In short, yes! Here are Valentine's Day hacks to survive the season as a single.
You cannot force anyone to date or love you? As they say in local parlance love is not by force. Reach out to your single friends (guys and ladies), and organize a singles party at home or one of the best hotels in Lagos. You never know, you may meet someone special!
You are a prolific cook but you don't have time to cook. Valentine's Day as a single may be an opportunity to check if you haven't lost your culinary skills. You should fix yourself a delicious and tasteful meal.
Watching a movie is a good way to distract yourself from the lovey-dovey activities around you. If you have a favorite movie, it is perhaps time to watch it again. But, try as much as possible to avoid romantic movies, it will only remind you that you are single!
To some people, going on a date alone is weird. This has some sort of advantage for you because you don't concern about additional bills. You can treat yourself by going for a massage, or shopping. You should just do something unusual but don't be extreme. This will only remind you that you are single.
The best and ultimate way to survive valentine as a single is to caution yourself from worrying about the fact that you are single. After all, being single is not a crime. If you worry yourself, you are likely to fall into a wrong relationship.
Here you go! These Valentine's day hacks will certainly give you blast. Have other ideas to survive the season you want to share? Please use the comment box to drop your comments.


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Billy Wilders Some Like It Hot: DVD Edition by Alison Castle
The funniest movie ever made. Everybody likes it hot!This book is a joy and almost as good as seeing the film. - The Independent, LondonJust before the cameras started rolling, producer David O. Selznick famously told director Billy Wilder thatMoreThe funniest movie ever made. Everybody likes it hot!This book is a joy and almost as good as seeing the film. - The Independent, LondonJust before the cameras started rolling, producer David O. Selznick famously told director Billy Wilder that his new picture was doomed, saying, You cannot combine comedy with murder. Wilder replied that hed try anyway, and Some Like It Hot was eventually voted Best Comedy of the Century by the American Film Institute. A crossdressing, gender-bending, genre-busting, kinky crime caper, Some Like it Hot (1959) tells the story of two jazz musicians who dress in drag and go undercover in an all-girls band to escape the Mob. With an ingenious screenplay by I.A.L. Diamond and Billy Wilder, and flawless performances by Tony Curtis, Jack Lemmon and Marilyn Monroe, Some Like it Hot is comic perfection.This Special Edition includes* Interviews with Billy Wilder, Tony Curtis, Jack Lemmon and others* Excerpts from the scripts first draft* Behind-the-scenes on-set color photos* Original promotional materials and a wealth of supporting ephemera* Annotated/illustrated Billy Wilder filmography* And the DVD in the original version of this phenomenal movie Billy Wilders Some Like It Hot: DVD Edition by Alison Castle
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17 incredible places you can sail to with Norwegian Cruise Line
in paid partnership with
Ailsa Ross
As "Europe's Leading Cruise Line" seven years in a row and "Caribbean's Leading Cruise Line" for the third consecutive year, Norwegian Cruise Line® can take you to amazing destinations all over the world: George Town (Grand Cayman), Honduras, Bermuda, Jamaica, Reykjavik, Ushuaia, Santorini, Komodo, or Alaska — just take your pick.
This post is proudly produced in partnership with Norwegian Cruise Line.
Alaska's Inside Passage
To cruise Alaska's Inside Passage is to experience a part of the world like nowhere else on Earth—this is an icy land of fjords and bays and 15,000 miles of shoreline where bald eagles soar and bears roam, where puffins swoop and sea otters and orcas splash under the midnight sun. Truly, this is the Last Frontier. And it's incredible.
Puerto Limón, Costa Rica
Costa Rica's second biggest city, Puerto Limón, throws a massive party every September. Get here for Carnaval and you'll be partying with the locals for seven days straight. Regardless of when you arrive, pay close attention when you dock—many Norwegian guests have spotted sloths hanging out in the trees right in port! In fact, Limón's right on the edge of incredible natural areas, with the region's rainforests representing some of the most diverse biospheres on Earth.
Photo: Jerry Kirkhart
Stingray City, Grand Cayman
Dock at the Cayman capital of George Town and you'll get to stroll crushed coral sand at the world-class Seven Mile Beach, go scuba diving among Caribbean shipwrecks, check out the local rum distilleries, and, of course, meet the local swimmers at Stingray City. Rays may be related to sharks, but they're as friendly as it gets. We swear!
Photo: KatieThebeau
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There are reasons why 4 million holidaymakers head to the island of Bali each year—the world-class surfing and dive hangouts, the sunny, palm-fringed beaches...and then there's the people. Head to the town of Ubud, made famous in Eat, Pray, Love, to pop a flower in your hair, watch a traditional dance show or two, hang out with local Balinese artists, and sip an organic coffee produced right on the island. The best bit? Ubud's only about an hour north of the port of Benoa, where Norwegian Cruise Line docks.
Photo: w sulistio
Watching the boats go by at Sydney Harbour (your base of operations when Norwegian docks in this Australian metropolis), surfing on Bondi Beach…Sydney's got it all, and that's just the natural icons. It's also home to some of the most spectacular manmade structures on the planet—we're looking at you, Sydney Opera House and Harbour Bridge. Did you know you can climb the latter? Once you're done gaping slack-jawed at the skyline from up high, check out Sydney's restaurant scene—in a city where more than 250 different languages are spoken, you know the food's going to be "ripper" (that's Aussie slang for "really great." You're welcome).
Photo: Jason James
Kauai, Hawaii
The northwesternmost of Hawaii's main islands, Kauai's diverse topography has been shaped by six million years of erosion. As the oldest major island in Hawaii, Kauai also has more miles of sandy coastline than any of the other islands. You know what that means: incredible surfing, swimming, and snorkeling. Of course, you needn't limit yourself to Kauai—Norwegian has the only cruise sailing to all 4 Hawaiian islands in 7 days year-round!
With Norwegian, you can cruise to Hanoi—it's been the Vietnamese capital for over a thousand years. Once you've had your fill of pho and historic temples, head 90 miles west to Ha Long Bay (literally "descending dragon bay"), an otherworldly UNESCO World Heritage Site that looks straight out of a poem with its mystic limestone karsts and isles.
Photo: Erwin Verbruggen
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Inverness and the Scottish Highlands
Inverness is the place to stroll pretty Victorian streets, buy local single malts, say hi to some bagpipers, then go monster hunting at nearby Loch Ness. For a proper Highland adventure, a classic walk that starts from Inverness is the Great Glen Way. The route stretches from coast to coast, covering 72 miles across the Highlands to the west coast town of Fort William—near Ben Nevis, which, at 1,344 meters, is the tallest peak in the country.
Photo: Jack Torcello
An important trading port since as early as the 1st century, Muscat's a city that's been ruled at different points by the Persians, Portuguese, and Ottoman Empires. And there's the architecture to prove it—old Portuguese forts and colorful mosques to visit; historic ports and ancient souqs to explore. Then there's the food. Order some lamb kebabs or lobster curry and you won't want to leave.
Photo: s9-4pr
With Norwegian, you'll dock at Skarfabakki port in the hip capital of Reykjavik. One of the cleanest, greenest, and safest cities in the world, Reykjavik's downtown core centers around Laugavegur shopping street, where there are enough cafes, boutiques, and galleries to keep you entertained for days. Photo: Bjørn Giesenbauer
Dock at Santorini Port and find yourself on one of the most picturesque of the Greek islands. Here's what you need to do once you've splashed in the sea, sunbathed on a multicolored beach, and eaten all the feta: Head to the whitewashed town of Thira early evening, and get ready to watch an incredible sunset that sees a million shades of gold and pink erupt in the sky over the sea and cliffs.
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Taiwan's port city of Kaohsiung is an industrial hub that's undergone a total metamorphosis into a green city where you can hang out in cool riverside parks, cafes, galleries, and museums. There's also a ton of historic sites in the older districts of Cijin Island, Yancheng, and Zuoying. Want to shop? Just head to Dream Mall—it's not only Taiwan's largest shopping mall, it's the largest in East Asia.
Photo: Michał Moroz
Ushuaia has served as everything from a missionary base to a penal colony and a naval base; today it's a gateway to Tierra del Fuego National Park, where you can go skiing, sailing, hiking, even scuba diving. Arguably the world's southernmost city, in summertime you'll see vessels bound for Antarctica calling in to port. Yep, you really are that far south.
Photo: Danielle Pereira
Dock at Bontelabo and say "Hei" to Norway! Surrounded by seven hills and seven fjords on the country's west coast, Bergen's centerpiece is the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Bryggen, a colorful series of 62 Hanseatic commercial buildings lining the eastern side of the fjord coming into the city. The local music scene also deserves attention, and if you can find time to explore the nearby hills, you won't regret it.
Positioned near the Indian Ocean's major sea lanes, Colombo has been known to traders for two thousand years. Hop off your ship at Port Colombo and you'll get to see the best of the Sri Lankan capital—Buddhist shrines, colonial churches, Hindu temples. Fit in time to check out the lively Pettah bazaar district and devour spicy samosas and creamy dhal, and you'll be doing just fine.
Photo: Alexis Gravel
Overlooking the Pacific Ocean, with a population of nearly 10 million, Lima is the third-largest city in the Americas. From the port city of Callao, head to Lima Centro to check out the city's colonial heart. Then jump on a plane for the short flight to Machu Picchu, one of the world's most incredible sites.
Photo: Maria Grazia Montagnari
Straddling the Bosporus Strait between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara, Istanbul's one of the fastest-growing metropolitan economies on Earth. First up on any bucket list for the city should be the the Hagia Sophia (pictured) and Blue Mosque…then there's the Grand Bazaar, the Basilica Cistern, Topkapi Palace, Galata Tower...we could go on...and on...
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