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Home>New articles>BMW Museum in Munich and the Olympic Tower
BMW Museum in Munich and the Olympic Tower
On the second day we asked Oliver, the hostthe apartments where we stayed, what to see in Munich, and he advised us to go to Olympic Park and see the BMW museum, as well as climb the Olympic Tower, which we did. A big plus, when you stop at the locals, they will tell you much better and better.
By the way, you need to pronounce this famous brandBi-eM-Vi (BMW), and not as we used to clumsy, in Russian - Bae-eM-Ve. But this is what the Americans say in general Bi-Double-Double, what makes the Germans laugh. Here you can argue about the pronunciation, but this is what the German said to us, I did not invent it myself.
Read about our first impressions of Germany here - munich city
The content of the article
1 Where to stay in Munich
2 Olympic Park in Munich
3 BMW Museum in Munich
4 Olympic tower
Where to stay in Munich
Munich is quite an expensive city, so hotels needsearch and book in advance, you can hardly find anything here. It is best to "walk" in advance on the map and estimate where it will be more convenient to live and what is the price. Here are two good hotels where you can stay, I recommend - Hotel Senator Munchen and Pension margit. The reviews are good, the location is good, the metro is near.
Or, if you are ready to live in an apartment with the owner according to his rules, communicating with him, etc., then couchsurfing to help.
Olympic Park in Munich
Olympic Park (in Olympiapark German) wasbuilt back in 1972 for the Olympic Games. It houses: the park itself and a huge lake, the Olympic Stadium and sports grounds, the Olympic Tower. And next to it is also a salon, a factory and a BMW museum.
The easiest way to get to munich metero by U3 to the station Olympia-zentrum. The Olympic Park is located near the city center, so you can combine with a walk through the old city of Munich.
Olympic Tower and Salon BMW Welt
Olympic Stadium - Olympic Stadium
BMW Museum in Munich
When leaving the metro station Olympia-zentrumthe first thing you will see is a spaceship aliens, who arrived to learn from the automotive industry. It is a spaceship that resembles a pompous BMW Welt auto show, where you can walk around and take advantage of expensive and good cars, as well as sit inside, imagining yourself to be a dashing driver crossing the vast Germany in a convertible.
BMW Welt Salon outside
BMW Welt Salon
Feel like a good car driver
Two floors on which, besides the cars,are presented, all sorts of different useless and entertaining things, in one way or another advertising the brand. Although this is not a BMW museum, you can spend a lot of time here.
Blue things crawl on the floor and recognize passersby
If you need a BMW museum right away, then it is inthe neighboring building is across the street, and all the models previously released are represented there. The entrance fee is 12 euros. A couple of exhibits can be seen at the entrance next to the cash register.
BMW Museum from a height
The cost of visiting the BMW Museum
BMW Museum - cars at the entrance
A few floors with old cars looking brand new are a dream collector of cars. Most impressive sports cars.
More interesting, for loversautomotive industry can be a tour of the BMW plant, passing several times a day (10 times, probably), and a couple of times in English. It is better to book in advance, especially if you want to get on the English-speaking guide.
Olympic tower
The next target was tall televisiontower - Olympic Tower (Olympiaturm in German) with a view of the whole city. Entrance to the attraction costs 4.5 euros. I really liked the lift on the elevator - it lays my ears, and inside something falls somewhere.
On the elevator to heaven
Olympic Tower Specifications
Of course, we were "lucky" with the weather - it wasovercast and it was raining, so we ran out to the open area, took pictures and ran back so as not to wet the cameras. Inside there is a covered observation platform. The names of the sights of Munich are marked on the fat from the foreheads of tourists.
Munich sights names on glass
Covered observation deck
Munich city from a height
In the central part of the tower there are severaljukeboxes with records and posters of celebrities who have visited either the city of Munich or the tower. Machines, by the way, work! We listened to Michael Jackson's song.
Elton John's Piano
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Modern Hotel. Clean rooms. Nice building.
The friendly and modern Hampton by Hilton Cali, Colombia, is situated in Santa Teresita - one of the most exclusive neighborhoods in the west of the city - and is just 40 minutes from Alfonso Bonilla Aragón International Airport. Our stylish Cali hotel is just a short taxi ride from the best shopping malls, restaurants, entertainment and nightlife in the city. Unwind in a spacious guest room, where you can work comfortably at the desk with free WiFi, browse channels on the 32-inch HDTV and sleep soundly on the plush bed. All of the guest rooms at this Cali, Colombia, hotel also feature a mini-refrigerator, a coffee maker and a security box for your comfort and peace of mind. Start your day right - there is a hot breakfast included when you stay at this hotel in Cali, Colombia. Enjoy filled savoury pancakes and indulgent ice creams in the famous Colombian chain restaurant, Crepes & Waffles, and buy snacks and sundries in the 24-hour convenience store. Print documents remotely from your guest room to the work zone and hold an intimate business event for up to 25 people in the meeting room. Work out in the free, 24-hour fitness room or relax in the soothing whirlpool, which is located on the 10th floor terrace and offers wonderful views over the city. Friendly service, clean rooms, comfortable surroundings, every time. If you're not satisfied, we don't expect you to pay. That's our commitment and your guarantee. That's 100% Hampton by Hilton™.
Restaurants nearby. Great location. Free parking.
Excellent business hotel. Good for sightseeing and located near shopping areas. Great room. Awesome vibe.
Good atmosphere. Good music. New hotel.
Excellent personalised service. Excellent attention. Friendly staff attention.
Quiet room. Comfortable rooms. Nice view of the city.
Worst eggs. Don't like eggs. Breakfast fair.


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Феодори́т Ко́льский (1481, Ростов — 17 августа 1571, Соловецкий монастырь) — архимандрит Русской церкви, просветитель лопарей (саамов). Прославлен в лике преподобных. Стал первым составителем письменности для саамов и первым переводчиком богослужебных текстов на саамский язык. Почитается в соборе Кольских, Вологодских, Соловецких, Новгородских святых.

Сведения о жизни преподобного Феодорита известны из жития, написанного его духовным сыном князем Курбским, включённого им в «Историю о великом князе Московском». «Соловецкий патерик» лишь цитирует Курбского, ничего не добавляя к «Житию» старца. Сведения, приведённые князем, подтверждены другими историческими документами и, таким образом, подтверждена достоверность приведенных им сведений.

Жизнеописание
Преподобный Феодорит родился в Ростове в 1481 году. Нельзя с определённостью сказать, где святой получил своё хорошее образование (хорошо знал богословие и греческий). О. Митрофан предполагает, что это мог быть ростовский монастырь во имя святителя Григория Богослова, где ранее обучался его земляк просветитель зырян Стефан Пермский. Однако в книге о Варлааме Керетском он упоминает Шуереченский скит, как «центр русской книжности»: «Именно здесь он (Феодорит) и другие юные монахи и послушники формировались как книжники и богословы…».

С 12 лет подвизался в Соловецкой обители переписчиком книг. Примерно в 1494 году Феодорит поступил в послушание к старцу Зосиме в пу́стыне на реке Шуя, где в течение 15 лет постигал основы монашеской жизни. В 1509 году Феодорит архиепископом Новгородским Серапионом был поставлен иеродиаконом. Прожив после этого некоторое время в скиту Зосимы, он отправляется в странствие по монастырям. Он посещает преподобного Александра Свирского и заволжских старцев. Незадолго до смерти Зосима призвал своего ученика, и Феодорит поспешил на Шую. После смерти своего духовного отца Феодорит удалился для уединённого жительства к необитаемому тогда устью Колы. Здесь он встретил отшельника по имени Митрофан, прожившего в этих лесах около пяти лет (по всей видимости, речь идёт о Трифоне Печенгском), построил келью и начал свои монашеские подвиги.

Вскоре пустынник Феодорит начал миссионерскую деятельность среди лопарей: летом — в становищах рек Ваенги и Туломы, зимой — среди тех лопарей, которые приходили к реке Коле для сезонной охоты. После семи лет непрестанных трудов были крещены лопари погостов на реке Ниве и часть северо-восточных лопарей. В 1526 году в устье реки Нивы поставлена и освящена церковь во имя Иоанна Крестителя, ставшая началом погоста, а в настоящее время — города Кандалакши. К 1531 году в районе первоначальной кельи просветителя возник погост православных лопарей и построено две церкви — Благовещенская и Никольская, ставшие началом будущего города Колы.

Несмотря на яростное противодействие местных колдунов-нойдов, проповедь миссионеров привела к обращению части местного населения в христианство. Успехи проповеди вызвали необходимость церковного строительства, священников для окормления вновь обращённой лопи. В 1530 году Феодорит и Митрофан отправляются в Новгород к архиепископу Макарию. Миссионеры возвращаются на Север со строителями для строительства церквей. Вместе с ними от новгородского архиепископа идёт иеромонах Илия, который должен освятить вновь построенные храмы. В 1532 году Феодорит с иеромонахом Илиёй освятили церкви на Ниве, Поное, Коле и Печенге.

В 1533 году Феодорит ушёл в Великий Новгород для рукоположения в сан священника. В 1534 году он был рукоположён во иеромонаха и стал духовником новгородского архиепископа Макария, будущего митрополита Московского.

После рукоположения Феодорит отправился не на Север, а в Белозерский край. Какое-то время он провёл в Кирило-Белозерском монастыре. В конце 1530-х годов жил четыре года в Белозерской Порфириевой пустыне. По всей видимости, именно здесь он занимался составлением письменности для саамов и переводом c церковнославянского на саамский язык богослужебных текстов. За основу созданной им письменности была, вероятно, взята письменность, созданная в 1372 году для пермского (древнезырянского) языка святителем Стефаном Пермским (около 1340/1345—1396) на основе кириллицы и так называемых «пасов» (родовых значков). Здесь, в Порфириевой пустыне он сблизился со старцем Артемием и другими видными представителями нестяжателей «второй волны».

Около 1540 года Феодорит с богатыми дарами и в сопровождении других монахов вернулся на Колу, где основал общежительный Троицкий Усть-Кольский монастырь. Братию монастыря пополнили и новообращённые лопари. В этот период он крестил более двух тысяч лопарей. Однако в 1548 году братия обители изгнала настоятеля из-за «слишком жёсткого» устава. Вскоре подвижником был основан Кандалакшский монастырь, в котором он игуменствовал с 1548 по 1551 годы.

В 1551 году по ходатайству Артемия, ставшего к тому времени игуменом Троице-Сергиевого монастыря, Феодорит был поставлен игуменом Спасо-Евфимиева монастыря в Суздале. Здесь он проявил себя как ревнитель благочестия и строгого монастырского устава. Однако его деятельность вызвала недовольство как среди монашеской братии этого богатого и влиятельного монастыря, так и суздальского епископа Афанасия (Палецкого), которого он прямо обличал в сребролюбии и пьянстве. На соборе 1554 года, где он выступал свидетелем по делу Артемия, своими противниками был «уличён» в дружбе с Артемием и обвинён в ереси. Однако еретичность ни Артемия, ни, тем более, Феодорита доказать не удалось. Артемий был всё же осужден собором за иные вины и сослан в Соловецкий монастырь под строгий надзор игумена. Феодорит же упоминается в монастырских документах как игумен и после собора вплоть до октября 1554 года. Уже после собора стараниями суздальского епископа Феодорит был сослан в Кирило-Белозерский монастырь, где ранее игуменствовал Афанасий. Лишь заступничеством митрополита Макария преподобный был освобождён из заточения. После этого какое-то время Феодорит провёл в ярославском Спасо-Преображенском монастыре.

В январе 1557 года преподобный был направлен в Константинополь, чтобы добиться от восточных патриархов признания царского титула, принятого Иваном Грозным в 1547 году. Кроме этого поручения, ему были даны тайные инструкции и поручения, связанные с выяснением общей политической обстановкой в Османской империи. В своей поездке, которая длилась почти год, он посетил Афон и Иерусалим. Поручение было выполнено блестяще, и царь, желая оказать милость своему искусному дипломату, предложил ему щедрые дары и церковную власть, какую святой захочет. Отказавшись от всех соблазнов, святой отвечал: «Одного прошу — да с покоем и со безмолвием в келье до исшествия моего да пребуду». После этого путешествия Феодорит поселился в Вологодском Спасо-Прилуцком монастыре, откуда неоднократно ездил к крещённым им лопарям, на реку Колу.

В 1562 году в связи с бегством князя Курбского в Литву Феодорит был подвергнут допросу. «В описи царского архива XVI века указаны "речи старца от Спаса из Ярославля, попа черного, отца духовного Курбского"».

Некоторые сведения о последних годах жизни преподобного содержатся в «Сообщении о земле Лопии» голландского купца Симона ван Салингена, который сообщает о своей беседе с «русским философом» в 1568 году. Своего собеседника голландец называет Feodor Zidenowa, но текст оставляет мало сомнений, что речь идёт именно о преподобном Феодорите: «Он написал историю Карелии и Лапландии, а также осмелился составить письменность для карельского языка, на котором никогда ни один человек не писал. Так, он показывал мне алфавит и рукопись, "Символ Веры", "Отче наш", а также изложение им самим испытанного». Согласно этому сообщению преподобный Феодорит написал историю Карелии и Лапландии, а также записки о своей жизни, которые до наших дней не дошли.

Незадолго до своей смерти Феодорит удалился на Соловки, где мирно скончался 17 августа 1571 года и был погребён у южной стены Спасо-Преображенского собора.

Канонизация и почитание

Уже при жизни Феодорит прославился многими чудесами. В рукописях ходят народные канон, акафист и молитвы чудотворцу, спорные как по содержанию, так и по своим литературным достоинствам.

Впрочем, за прошедшие четыре столетия с момента его смерти так и не был прославлен и в Святцах не упоминался. Причиной такого забвения славных деяний великого подвижника явилось то, что Феодорит, вместе с другими «заволжскими старцами» после Соборов 1553—1554 годов оказался в опале. Потому, несмотря на очевидную высоту духовной жизни старца и его миссионерские подвиги, титла святости он так и не сподобился, хотя к концу XIX века уже упоминался как «блаженный».

30 августа 2002 года в церкви Благовещения Пресвятой Богородицы, что в городе Коле, состоялось местноепархиальное прославление святого Феодорита Кольского, просветителя лопарей, в лике преподобного.

Память совершается в Соборе Кольских святых —  и местно — в день смерти — . Служба совершается по Общей Минее в соединении со службой Попразднества Успения Пресвятой Богородицы (без чина погребения Богородицы).

Существует деревянная церковь на подворье Трифоново-Печенгского монастыря в Мурманске, домовая церковь в Североморске и одна часовня во имя преподобного Феодорита. Стараниями епископа Митрофана (Баданина) были составлены житие, тропарь и кондак преподобного Феодорита Кольского.

В 2019—2020 годах в Кандалакше население участвовало в сборе средств на возведение в городе памятника Феодориту Кольскому. 29 августа 2021 года памятник Феодориту Кольскому был торжественно открыт на главной площади города. Мероприятие прошло в рамках празднования 450-летия со дня кончины преподобного, память которого отмечается 30 августа. Автор памятника — заслуженный художник России, академик Российской академии художеств скульптор Сергей Исаков.

Примечания

Литература
 Сочинения князя Курбского. Т. I. Сочинения оригинальные / Подгот. к печати Г. 3. Кунцевич. Под смотрением С. Ф. Платонова // РИБ. СПб., 1914. — Т. 31. — ст. 324—348.
 Гладкий А. И. К вопросу о подлинности «Истории о великом князе Московском» А. М. Курбского (житие Феодорита) // Труды Отдела древнерусской литературы. — Л.: Наука. Ленинградское отделение, 1981. — Т. XXXVI. — С. 239—241.
 Дробленкова Н. Ф. Феодорит, архимандрит Спасо-Евфимиевского монастыря // Словарь книжников и книжности Древней Руси. Вып. 2: Вторая половина XIV—XVI в. Ч. 1: А-К. — Л., 1988. — С. 73-79.

 Житие преподобного Феодорита, просветителя Кольского / В излож. иером. Митрофана (Баданина). — СПб.: Ладан; Мурманск: Издательство Мурманской епархии, 2006. — (Кольский патерик: Книга I).
 Митрофан (Баданин), иером. Просветители Кольского Севера преподобные Феодорит Кольский и Тифон Печенгский. Опыт православной миссии в XVI веке // Первые Феодоритовские чтения. Сборник научных статей. — Мурманск — СПб., 2007. — C. 14-44
 «Преподобный Феодорит Кольский и его духовное наследие». Первые Феодоритовские чтения. Сборник научных статей. Под ред. иеромонаха Митрофана (Баданина). — Мурманск — СПб., 2007. — 127 с.

Православные миссионеры
Игумены Русской православной церкви
Умершие на Соловках
Похороненные на территории Соловецкого монастыря
Христианские святые XVI века
Канонизированные в XXI веке
Преподобные Русской Церкви
Собор Кольских святых
Собор Новгородских святых
Персоналии:Спасо-Евфимиев монастырь

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Fu, dopo Mary Gennaro Varale, una delle prime donne a cimentarsi con questa disciplina fino ad allora tradizionalmente praticata degli uomini.

Biografia
Nata nel 1909 a Bois-Colombes, nei sobborghi di Parigi, dove il padre Riccardo professore di Ragioneria presso l'Università Bocconi di Milano e tra i fondatori della Banca Lombarda Depositi e Conti Correnti (popolarmente detta "Lombardona") risiedeva per lavoro, Ninì (diminutivo di Ortensia Ambrogina Adelaide Carlotta Aideé) rimane presto orfana dell madre Mariuccia Vernansal de Villeneuve (1890-1924) e si trasferisce in tenera età a Milano. Qui cresce in un ambiente liberale a contatto con l'alta borghesia cittadina, formandosi alla musica (studia violino e violoncello), alla pittura (fu allieva di Giuseppe Mascarini) e imparando i primi rudimenti di fotografia e l'utilizzo della cinepresa, strumenti con cui documenterà le sue avventure.

I primi passi
Fin da giovanissima si appassiona alla montagna e, grazie alle amicizie coltivate negli anni dell'adolescenza milanese e incoraggiata dal padre, affronta le prime ascese sul gruppo del Monte Rosa e dell'Ortles. Accanto a lei le guide Giuseppe Chiara di Alagna e Tita Piaz con cui si cimenta in salite di grande impegno fisico e mentale: la Punta Thurwieser il 7 agosto 1929 attraverso la cresta sud; la nord del Lyskamm Orientale il 26 agosto 1929 e che ne fu la prima ascensione femminile; la nord-ovest della Zumstein il 10 agosto 1930; il versante nord del Corno Bianco.

Sono le prime esperienze in quota che le danno notorietà nell'ambiente alpinistico italiano degli anni trenta. Così la descriveva un editoriale de "Lo Scarpone", organo di stampa ufficiale del Club Alpino Italiano: "Una gentile fanciulla che difende la propria passione nei confronti di un'opposta tendenza che vorrebbe vedere la donna vera solo sotto l'aspetto di un fiorellino ovattato, privo di energie e di colore, e senza un carattere e una propria personalità".

Nel 1932 il conte Aldo Bonacossa, successivamente presidente del Club Alpino Accademico Italiano dal 1933 al 1947, invita la Pietrasanta in Abruzzo ad affettuare alcune escusrsioni sci-alpinistiche di ampio respiro, come la traversata del gruppo del Gran Sasso e la prima salita con gli sci della vetta orientale del Corno Grande.

Di quell'esperienza la Pietrasanta rende testimonianza in un lungo articolo pubblicato sulla rivista mensile del CAI (Gran Sasso d'Italia, in "Rivista mensile Club Alpino Italiano", Vol. LI, dicembre 1932, n° 12, Torino, 1932, pag. 733-739) nel quale, accanto a una minuziosa descrizione degli aspetti tecnici della traversata, trovano spazio commenti personali e quasi poetici.

La svolta
Nell'estate del 1932 Ninì Pietrasanta incontra a Chamonix il torinese Gabriele Boccalatte che diverrà prima suo compagno di cordata e poi marito. Il 17 luglio mentre è impegnato in un'ascesa scivola ferendosi: verrà poi curato dalla Pietrasanta che aveva da poco conseguito il diploma di infermiera. "Dopo le cure - scriverà la Pietrasanta- Boccalatte voleva tornare al Leschaux. Mio padre disse che era meglio accompagnarlo, e così feci. Ricordo che ci siamo fermati sotto un gran masso, e lui mi parlava del suo pianoforte (era infatti un valente pianista), io di casa mia. Poi abbiamo proseguito verso il rifugio, sempre raccontandocela". Fu questa la prima di una lunga serie di arrampicate che Ninì Pietrasanta e Gabriele Boccalatte fecero insieme.

Gli anni "eroici"
Il sodalizio sportivo e umano dei due si consolida, e attorno a loro si forma una nutrita schiera di alpinisti che costituisce una compagnia stabile e affiatata. Alcuni di essi, come Giusto Gervasutti e Renato Chabod, sono amici del Boccalatte, altri come Leopoldo Gasparotto, Piero Zanetti o Vitale Bramani della Pietrasanta, conosciuti durante le frequentazioni della buona società milanese. Insieme scalano le vette del gruppo del Monte Bianco, si incontrano in città, trascorrono lunghi periodi di vacanza con le rispettive famiglie.

Le scalate
Tra il 1932 e il 1936 la Pietrasanta e Boccalatte firmano numerose imprese memorabili: sono gli anni più maturi dell'epoca cosiddetta del Sesto Grado. Storica rimarrà la conquista della parete ovest dell'Aiguille Noire de Peuterey, una delle più belle e più difficili del versante italiano del Monte Bianco.
 19 luglio 1932 con Renato Chabod, Piero Ghiglione e Piero Zanetti, partendo dal Rifugio Leschaux, rimontano il ghiacciaio fino al pianoro del Les Périades e salgono un gendarme di circa 50 metri senza nome. Raggiunta la vetta la battezzano Pointe Ninì (3.455 m) in onore della loro compagna;
 18 luglio 1933 con Giusto Gervasutti e Piero Zanetti compiono la traversata dei Rochers della Brenva con la salita alla Tour de la Brenva;
 23 luglio 1933 alle Aiguilles du Diable salgono la Pointe Chaubert, la Pointe Médiane e Pointe Carmen con traversata al Mont Blanc du Tacul;
 10 agosto 1934 con Michele Rivero, realizzano la 4° ascensione per lo spigolo nord-nord-ovest della Père Eternel sul gruppo della Tour Ronde;
 16 agosto 1934 aprono una nuova via sulla parete Est e sulla cresta sud-est dell'Aiguille de la Brenva ("Via Boccalatte");
 3-5 settembre 1934 compiono la terza ascensione della cresta sud dell'Aiguille Noire de Peuterey;
 16 luglio 1935 con Renato Chabod e Giusto Gervasutti realizzano la prima ascensione del Pic Adolphe salendo per lo spigolo ovest e la parete nord;
 25-26 luglio 1935 dopo una ricognizione effettuata qualche giorno prima compiono il primo tentativo di conquista della parete ovest dell'Aiguille Noire de Peuterey, che fallisce a causa di una terribile tempesta di neve;
 1º agosto 1935 riescono finalmente a conquistare la difficilissima parete ovest e la cresta sud della Punta Bich dell'Aiguille Noire de Peuterey;
 19-20 agosto 1936 con Alfonso Castelli e Renzo Ronco cercano di salire alle Grandes Jorasses attraverso la Cresta di Tronchey ma la neve li fa desistere e tornano a Entrèves;
 24 agosto 1936 tracciano una grande via sulla parete sud-ovest dell'Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey;
 28 agosto 1936 aprono una nuova via attraverso il pilone nord-est del Mont Blanc du Tacul, che tuttora porta il nome di Gabriele Boccalatte e che varrà ai due alpinisti la Medaglia d'oro al valore atletico.

Il matrimonio e la tragedia
Quella del 28 agosto di quell'anno sarà l'ultima scalata importante che i due compiono insieme e di cui oggi restano fotografie e alcune pellicole. Di lì a qualche mese i due decideranno di sposarsi e dal matrimonio, celebrato il 28 ottobre del 1936, nasce l'anno successivo Lorenzo. Il 24 agosto 1938 il marito tenta, insieme a Mario Piolti, una nuova via sull'inviolata parete sud dell'Aiguille de Triolet: l'impresa però fallisce e i due alpinisti precipitano e perdono la vita. I loro corpi saranno trovati solo qualche giorno dopo ai piedi del ghiacciaio delle Grandes Jorasses. Il rifugio che sorge a quota 2804, poco lontano dal luogo della tragedia, porta oggi il nome dei due sfortunati alpinisti.

La Pietrasanta, non ancora trentenne e con un figlio neonato, decide di abbandonare l'alpinismo estremo chiudendo la sua attività dopo soli pochi anni di impegno e numerosi successi.

Nel 1998, poco prima della morte avvenuta nel 2000, fu nominata socio ad honorem del Club Alpino Accademico Italiano.

Gli scritti e i filmati
Ninì Pietrasanta si dedicò in maniera proficua anche alla scrittura e alle arti visive. I suoi resoconti vennero pubblicati dalle riviste ufficiali del Club Alpino Italiano con le quali collaborò per molti anni e su numerosi periodici; scrisse un libro di memorie e curò la pubblicazione di "Piccole e grandi ore alpine", il diario di Gabriele Boccalatte uscito postumo nel 1939.

Il libro: Pellegrina delle Alpi

Dedicato al padre (Che m'ha insegnato a guardare alto e lontano), Pellegrina delle Alpi è un diario di montagna pubblicato nel 1934 dall'Editore Antonio Vallardi nel quale Ninì racconta il suo approccio alla montagna. Nel primo capitolo, La donna in montagna, l'alpinista immagina un colloquio con uomo dotto ma di strette vedute che la critica per la sua scelta di avventurarsi in un'attività come l'arrampicata fino ad allora prettamente maschile. È una sorta di manifesto nel quale la Pietrasanta difende le sue decisioni, le argomenta, sostiene e incoraggia la presenza delle donne in montagna e smonta le opposizioni dell'uomo che vorrebbe la moglie chiusa tra le mura di casa pronta ad accogliere il marito che torna al focolare.

Il volume, composto da 13 capitoli in cui non mancano i passaggi poetici e lontani dalla retorica sulla montagna derivata dalla prima guerra mondiale, passa poi in rassegna la storia della Pietrasanta come alpinista, dai primi passi fino all'incontro con Boccalatte, dà conto dei canti alpigiani, delle guide, dei rifugi incontrati nelle sue ascensioni. Si sofferma sulla pratica dello sci e si conclude con una serie di considerazioni sull'alpinismo e sul sentimento che nasce da tale pratica.

I filmati e le fotografie: un immenso archivio
Negli anni più intensi della sua carriera di alpinista Ninì Pietrasanta portava sempre con sé una cinepresa in 16 millimetri e una piccola macchina fotografica con cui documentava ogni scalata, ogni discesa sugli sci, ogni momento di convivialità in montagna. Documenti filmati che lei girava, montava e poi regalava ai diversi compagni di cordata. Ma che le valsero anche alcune committenze in qualità di cine-operatrice, come quella della neonata Scuola Militare Alpina di Aosta per riprendere il giuramento degli Alpini nel 1935 sulla vetta del Monte Bianco.

Qualche anno dopo la morte, il figlio Lorenzo scoprì un enorme archivio composto da oltre 2.400 fotografie perfettamente catalogate e diversi rulli inediti di pellicole girati tra il 1932 e il 1936. La raccolta è uno strumento importante alla comprensione dell'alpinismo dei primi anni del Novecento -nessuno al di fuori della Pietrasanta aveva mai portato una cinepresa in arrampicata- e per la ricostruzione della biografia dell'alpinista.

Nel 2014 Gigi Giustiniani e Raffaele Rezzonico realizzano il film Ninì che ricostruisce la storia della Pietrasanta e del marito utilizzando in gran parte il materiale recuperato dal figlio. Il film si è aggiudicato nel 2015 la Genziana d'oro del Club Alpino Italiano per il miglior film di alpinismo e il premio Città di Imola alla 63ª edizione del Trento Film Festival, la sezione Cinemabulante dell'Euganea Film Festival oltre che riconoscimenti al Festival Nuovi Mondi, al Cervino Cinemountain, al Sestriere Film Festival, allo Spotkania z Film Górskim di Zakopane (Polonia), all'Euganea Film Festival di Montegrotto Terme, al Nuovi Mondi Film Festival di Valloriate, al Cervino Cinemountain di Cervinia, al Festival Internazionale Film di Montagna di Poprad (Slovacchia), al EHO Mountain Film Festival di Skopje (Macedonia), al Bansko Mountain Film Festival di Bansko (Bulgaria), al Krakowski Festival Gòrski di Cracovia (Polonia), al Dutch Mountain Film Festival di Heerlen (Olanda), al Overtime Film Festival di Macerata.

Riconoscimenti

Note

Bibliografia

Collegamenti esterni


text:
Pottsboro é uma cidade  localizada no estado norte-americano do Texas, no Condado de Grayson.

Demografia
Segundo o censo norte-americano de 2000, a sua população era de 1579 habitantes.
Em 2006, foi estimada uma população de 2068, um aumento de 489 (31.0%).

Geografia
De acordo com o United States Census Bureau tem uma área de
7,4 km², dos quais 7,4 km² cobertos por terra e 0,0 km² cobertos por água. Pottsboro localiza-se a aproximadamente 212 m acima do nível do mar.

Localidades na vizinhança
O diagrama seguinte representa as localidades num raio de 20 km ao redor de Pottsboro.

Ligações externas

Cidades do Texas
Condado de Grayson (Texas)


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American Madness
The Rise and Fall of Dementia Praecox
Richard Noll
$53.00 • £42.95 • €47.50
MEDICAL: History
MEDICAL: Psychiatry: General
PSYCHOLOGY: Psychopathology: Schizophrenia
HISTORY: United States: 20th Century
In 1895 there was not a single case of dementia praecox reported in the United States. By 1912 there were tens of thousands of people with this diagnosis locked up in asylums, hospitals, and jails. By 1927 it was fading away. How could such a terrible disease be discovered, affect so many lives, and then turn out to be something else?
In vivid detail, Richard Noll describes how the discovery of this mysterious disorder gave hope to the overworked asylum doctors that they could at last explain—though they could not cure—the miserable patients surrounding them. The story of dementia praecox, and its eventual replacement by the new concept of schizophrenia, also reveals how asylum physicians fought for their own respectability. If what they were observing was a disease, then this biological reality was amenable to scientific research. In the early twentieth century, dementia praecox was psychiatry's key into an increasingly science-focused medical profession.
But for the moment, nothing could be done to help the sufferers. When the concept of schizophrenia offered a fresh understanding of this disorder, and hope for a cure, psychiatry abandoned the old disease for the new. In this dramatic story of a vanished diagnosis, Noll shows the codependency between a disease and the scientific status of the profession that treats it. The ghost of dementia praecox haunts today's debates about the latest generation of psychiatric disorders.
At the HUP Blog, read a Q&A with Richard Noll about American Madness, and his thoughts on the publication of DSM-5
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Highly Commended, Psychiatry Category, 2012 BMA Medical Book Awards, British Medical Association
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Policing the Open Road author Sarah Seo wrote at the Atlantic about the history of "dropsy"—police stopping motorists for vague reasons and then planting evidence while ostensibly searching their cars—illegal behavior that continues today, as shown by the recent arrest of Florida man (and former Sheriff's deputy) Zachary Webster.
Sarah Milov's forthcoming The Cigarette: A Political History was the basis for a WBUR (Boston, MA) Here & Now feature on America's complex relationship with tobacco.
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As a child in Chicago, Emily Remus was enchanted by the sights and sounds of its downtown. Here she tells how those early experiences influenced her in writing A Shoppers' Paradise, a book about how women in turn-of-the-century Chicago used their consumer power to challenge male domination of public spaces and stake their own claim to downtown…
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17 brilliantly awesome short stories I read in June
June turned out to be another great month for short fiction, and it was another month where I felt like I should be reading at least twice as much as I actually did. Even reading as much as I do, I feel I'm only scratching the surface of what's out there!
A special than you to Jason Sizemore at Apex Magazine for his kind words about my monthly short story roundup in his "Words from the Editor" at Apex! Pretty thrilled to be mentioned in some great company!
Here are seventeen of the many great stories I read this past month.
After Burning, by Wren Wallis in Beneath Ceaseless Skies. "Almas's heart has been breaking slowly for months: a numbing crush rather than a clean shatter. It has been ground so fine by now that sometimes she thinks she'll suffocate under the weight of sand in her chest where her heart used to be." This is a heart-wrenching story about the devastating losses suffered in war – by individuals and societies – and how difficult, but necessary, it is to keep at least a glimmer of love and empathy alive inside yourself. It is a gorgeously written piece, with prose so good it actually gave me goosebumps to read it. I wanted more more more of this, and luckily for me, the story is connected to the author's WIP – a novel called 'Ash' (read more about it here). I am already looking forward to reading that in the future!
Dandelion, by John Shade in Shimmer. "Our consciousness they spit out like seeds. And we linger there, ghosts on the upload, a warning to all like the heads on spikes of old. They kill us every way they can." Oh my goodness, how I love this story about a multitude of souls / consciousness, trying to resist being obliterated, trying to fight back against the entity/entities that destroyed them. So strange, so moving, and so mindbending, all at the same time.
Shape Without Form, Shade Without Color, by Sunny Moraine at Tor.com. "I can't see his face. I know, I know, if I could I would see two ink-ball eyes and a beak ready to stab. In the dark, in bed, he was always looking back at me. He was ready. He was waiting." Dark, evocative, and brilliant – this short story is a bit like poetry turned into prose (or prose moving like poetry). It explores the fear and fascination of (and attraction to) the haunting darkness outside, and also the darkness inside your own mind and body. An unsettling and mesmerizing read.
Anabasis, by Amal El-Mohtar at Tor.com. "Borders are shape-shifters, too: they change what goes through them. Time was, the only border worth crossing was into the underworld, to fetch back a lover's life: Take off your shoes, said Ereshkigal to Inanna, your belt, your rings. Take off your armour, your hair, your skin, your flesh. Set your bones aside separately; bag your liquids. Do you have any sensitive areas—" Ancient myth, current politics, anger, fear, and defiance are woven together in this fierce short story. I love El-Mohtar's incandescent prose, and the way she bares the pain and fury of living with everyday injustice, and of resisting that injustice, while also holding on to your true self.
Water like Air, by Lora Gray in Flash Fiction Online. "Until sludge climbs up her body and binds to the translucent armature of her calves and thighs. When the mud covers her fully, she heaves herself out of the water and onto the shore." This dark fairytale of love and possession and yearning is beautifully written. In the space of a flash fiction piece, Gray deftly creates characters, builds a world, and reveals the lore and mythology of that world – in this case a pond, and the strange, shape-shifting creatures that live beneath the surface.
Wendy, Darling, by A.C. Wise in Daily Science Fiction. "Darling, darling, darling. Not a name anymore. A weapon. A word to soothe, to dismiss, to hush. Be grateful, darling. Be still, darling. Her name taken from her and turned against her. So what does she have left?" I have a weakness for inventive takes on old fairytales, and this refreshingly fiery take on Peter Pan is masterfully done. Wise tells the story from an older Wendy's point of view, when Pan reappears to take her daughter. Exploring the issue of consent, this is an excellent, sharp new take on the story.
Small Changes Over Long Periods of Time, by K.M. Szpara in Uncanny Magazine.
"You bit me," I say, because he hasn't danced around mystery, either. My grand accusation comes out as, "You're not supposed to do that."
"I was hungry," he says, calmly. Like the obvious result of hunger is biting someone.
"So, go to a blood bank like you're supposed to."
"It's not the same." This story about a transsexual man who is bitten by a vampire is a razor sharp, hot-as-blazes, gut-punch. It brims and bristles with lust, desire, love, longing, regret, and transformation(s). It's set in a world where vampires are accepted in society, but their behaviour is closely regulated. The various forms of transformation and control and consent at play here gives a lot of depth to the story. There are so many layers here, including the exploration of how society tries to contain and control individuals who don't conform to whatever is considered "the norm". This story goes deep, and hits hard.
Secret Keeper, by Bonnie Jo Stufflebeam in Nightmare. "You know how this story goes: the girl was kissed in the womb by the devil. When she emerged into the too-bright world, she was missing half her face where his teeth tore it off." This story is a must-read. Stufflebeam skillfully reworks the "Phantom of the Opera" story into a dark, frightening and somewhat hallucinogenic exploration of identity, power, manipulation, love, confidence….and, well, human relationships in all their messy, flawed glory. Plus, it's set in a high school (a great place to explore raw, wounded relationships). Brilliantly done with an ending that made me gasp.
The Bois, by R.S.A. Garcia in Truancy Magazine. "It don't speak. The Bois don't have language. But impressions and emotions push against my mind and the metallic taste of them fill my mouth. It's angry, disgusted, but curious too. I grab hold of that feeling like a life-line." Communicating (and communing) with an alien life-form is a dangerous, deeply unsettling, but also exhilarating experience in this story by Garcia. The language is beautiful and evocative, and there's so much fear and wonder and longing infused in every scene and sentence. Powerful in every way.
Daddy's Girl, by Jennifer R. Donohue in Syntax & Salt. "When I was born, my daddy didn't come home from war, but the army sent a drone, hand sized and with tiny little pincher arms, in a broken-sealed box." Well, break my heart, why don't you? This excellent short story will tug at all your heartstrings, mess you up, and rip you apart just a little bit. It's a fantastic tale about grief, about growing up, about finding love and finding your place in the world, about family and friendship, and about how we're shaped by those around us, while also shaping ourselves and our lives through the seemingly small choices we make every day.
The Magical Properties of Unicorn Ivory, by Carlos Hernandez in Lightspeed.
"Gavin, slowly and evenly, says, "Some hornstalkers believe that unicorns are attracted to virgin girls. So they kidnap one to help them in their hunt."
"What? You can't be serious."
Gavin shrugs. "One too many fairy tales when they were kids." Darkly funny and also rather disturbing, this story imagines a world where our reality is blending with the realities of other, parallel universes. Hint: it turns out the Great Hadron Collider might have had something to do with it…. I loved every bit of this: the mad science of it, the drama of hunting the unicorn hunters (drones!), the occasional flash of gore, and the sadness of unicorns trapped in the wrong universe.
Elena's Angel, by Aimee Ogden in Apex Magazine. "Universes of color and opportunity explode behind her eyes, and raw emotion dredged up from the core of her provides the cosmic background radiation. — There is an ecstasy in serving as an angel's medium, she can't deny that, but whenever it embraces Elena it comes robed in sackcloth." An incisive and touching story about inspiration and creativity, and what we might consider giving up in order to follow "our muse". In a world where angels act as "personal helpers" to augment the work of a chosen few, Elena tries to resist her angel: but isn't it worth the sacrifice to create better art? I especially love the manipulative nature of the angel in this story: it gives their otherworldly powers a frighteningly familiar vibe.
In Your Wake We Sin, by Hadeer Elsbai in The Dark. "The jinn stared at her with insectoid black eyes that were much too big for its small, angled face. Thin lips, flat nose, papery skin stretched taut. Its legs ended in black hooves.
And then it moved." Good ghost stories are always a treat, and this one is both chilling and moving. The setting is modern day Egypt, and it takes place during a time of protests against the government. A young woman is killed, and when her friends try to find out what really happened to her… well, things don't go exactly the way they planned. Excellent storytelling by Elsbai, escalating the tension throughout and giving the story a terrific payoff.
The Last Family Pillar, by Timothy Johnson in Gamut. "In the dark, he closes his eyes. In the dark, she glances toward the doorway. In the dark, their worst nightmares materialize.
The dead boy looms in the doorway."
A deeply disturbing and harrowing story of grief, loss, and family. What happens when the dead come back? When they don't leave and they don't turn into ferocious zombies or vengeful ghosts, but rather just…linger? The darkest and most unsettling thing in the story, for me at least, is the deep, dark pit of roiling emotion that hides beneath the strength and determination the father forces himself to maintain.
Special mention: Shoreline of Infinity #8
This month I also read Shoreline of Infinity #8. It's the first time I've read this publication, and I was very impressed: this issue was full of terrific stories. Three that stood out for me were:
Goddess with a Human Heart, by Jeannette Ng: an evocative and beautifully written story of the divine, sacrifice, faith, cruelty, and a glimmer of hope.
The Pink Life (La Vie En Rose), by Nathan Susnik: a disturbing and funny tale of a world where you can sell yourself on the stock exchange, and where the real world is hidden beneath a veneer of virtual reality.
These Are the Ways, by Premee Mohamed: a fast-paces, moving, and also heart-wrenching science fiction story of war, love, bad decisions, and loss.
Labels: short story roundups, speculative fiction
16 fabulously fantastic short stories I read in May
Some months, I feel like I just cannot keep up with all the wonderful, beautiful, addictively terrifying stories coming out. Actually, that pretty much describes every month…
Here are 16 of the many fabulous stories I read in May:
Lares Familiares, 1981, by Rebecca Campbell in Liminal Stories. "Over the girl's shoulder lay the forest's edge. No movement in the trees, even so he wanted to pull Billy away from the door, and lock it tight and say nothing to anyone in the house—"
Set in British Columbia, this story deals with the inner workings of a family, and the forces shaping its past and present. What grabbed me right from the beginning of the story, was Campbell's perceptive description of the grand family dinner. If you've ever been at one of those big family shindigs (whether or not your family has the same kind of dark undercurrent as the family in the story), you'll recognize the familiar patterns. I love every facet of this story, especially how it knits together an ancient family mythos with the visible realities of abuse and love, power and submission. Once the unsettling stranger appears, things get even stranger… One of the best stories I've read this year.
Fallow, by Ashley Blooms in Shimmer. "He doesn't have the words to describe how the field reminds him of himself. – – – How it feels like maybe the field needs something only William has, and all William has is the bottle."
This is a breathtakingly good story with so many layers of love, longing, loneliness, desperation. A boy plants a bottle in a fallow field. Something happens, to the bottle and to him. This story has elements of magic realism, fantasy, and horror – but it becomes something different than any of these pieces. Shimmer is a magazine with a very specific vibe, and this is a very "shimmery" story. Unsettling and stunning.
Feathers and Void, by Charles Payseur in Shimmer. "Iv's thoughts coat mine like oil, slide away, always so clear in the moment but impossible to hold on to. Iv, my crow. My shell. My ship."
Lyrical, evocative, haunting… I was absolutely floored by this heartrending science fiction story. In a far future, some human test subjects have been fused with birds, and they are used to fight in space – attacking ships, killing enemies, and stealing "treasure". A space opera on crows' wings, this story packs an emotional power and an epic vibe into a short story. Stunning and intoxicating writing by Payseur.
Bear Language, by Martin Cahill in Fireside Fiction. "I only have eyes for the mass of brown fur sitting in Daddy's chair. Maybe it has special bear senses. Maybe it heard me with its big bear ears. The tower of brown fur turns around in the chair and looks at me.
Hello, the bear says."
I love this story so much. LOVE. IT. Heartbreaking and dark, this story of two children stuck in a house with an addicted and abusive father who is not capable of being the parent they need, still manages to be oddly uplifting, thanks to the presence of a Very Good Bear. I really love how Cahill manages to infuse a desperate and nightmarish situation with a fairytale vibe, and gleams of resilience and hope. This story will stick with me for a long time.
Witch's Hour, by Shannon Connor Winward in Fantasy & Science Fiction. "Before she let them take the stag, Esmelda did one last thing: Her hands greased with its own hot fat and gritty black spices, sigils for gluttony and hunger-lust ground into her palms, she massaged the beast as one might a lover, from the charred wreck of its neck to its crisp, round rump."
This is a knockout story – so deliciously wicked, vivid, rich and bold. It's set in a castle, and more specifically: the castle's kitchen. There's a cook, there are feasts, there's a ghost (or maybe more than one?), a dead king, a new king, and whole lot of food (if you're anything like me, reading this tale might actually make you hungry). A rollicking good read.
They Will Take You From You, by Brandon O'Brien in Strange Horizons. "It did feel like I was making it for she. I start calling she Goldie—this lovely barn owl, wings like they was shimmering in water under full moonlight. She would come every night, watch me make something, see it when it finish, and then give a kind o' bow and fly away…"
A beautiful story about art and creativity and inspiration. Owl-like beings called the Benefactors walk the world, and their presence is at once enticing and threatening: they plant seeds of genius in some chosen humans, but they also claim these geniuses after death, calling it a "cultural harvest". O'Brien's prose is lyrical and spellbinding, and this story really got under my skin.
Rest Stop, by Letitia Trent in Gamut. "She looked up at the blue and imagined this sky during a storm, the clouds piling up, bruised and filled with electricity, threatening funnels and hail and rain enough to flood a prairie. It must be such a burden to live under such a heavy sky, she thought. It must do something to you."
I love stories that take the every-day and twist it into spine-chilling horror. Trent does just that in this sharp and terrifying tale. A rest stop, a mysterious symbol on the wall, a familiar name, a date, and then, the inescapable smell of death. Perfectly crafted, this quietly told story still manages to hit you where it hurts.
Like The Desert Dark, by Chloe N. Clark in Gamut. "I turned from the darkness. Somewhere, time was different and my daughter was gone and I had never been the parent that she needed."
Clark weaves together a moving and deeply unsettling story from a man's memories of his daughter, and of his wife, both of them scientists. There are strange experiments that involve space and time and a "shadow biosphere". There's a childhood accident that almost claims a life. There's another accident, or is it an accident?, that results in a disappearance and maybe a death. With each beat, this story twists itself into something stranger and more mysterious, and the ending left me breathless.
The Bone Beaters, by A.M. Muffaz in The Dark. "Watching long leg bones crack and splinter, listening to the rhythmic pounding while she sucked on a new sliver of meat, Tashi felt more at ease. – – – It was easy to believe that in that moment, all their problems were as insignificant as little shards of bone."
This story plays out on a mountain where the dead are brought for their (somewhat gruesome) last rites. Muffaz skilfully wraps up the darkness and horror at the story's core, in richly evocative descriptions of custom and tradition. This is a world where everyone tries to behave the way society expects of them, while all the while, something terrible is happening just beneath the surface. The story pulls you in with lush descriptions of the world and the inhabitants: their food and rituals, clothing and environment. Brilliant stuff from start to finish.
The Three-Tongued Mummy, by E. Catherine Tobler in Apex Magazine. "For a penny, the three-tongued mummy will tell you your fate. The three-tongued mummy will speak to you in sibilant whispers of the waters at the edge of the pier, the way they lick the stones as if in an effort to climb onto the pier itself..."
I have a soft spot for stories about ancient Egypt, curses, and yes, mummies. Tobler's story twists and turns the usual cursed mummy story into something even darker and more disturbing than I expected. Ripped from its ancient tomb, sold, and then awakened by Jackson at the traveling circus to be put on display, there's a horrible, haunting loneliness to this mummy. "You may have whatever you wish," Jackson tells the mummy, and eventually, the mummy does get its wish. A wickedly dark tale, excellently told.
Heartwood, by L. Chan in Metaphorosis Magazine. "My lord," she said. Her voice held the rough edge of granite crypts and the cool of marble tombstones. She took in her surroundings with glittering eyes. "The Mansion is not as I remembered it, and neither am I."
The beautiful, poetic prose drew my right into this dark and chilling story that deals with love and obsession that last well beyond death. Again and again the protagonist resurrects the woman he loves hoping to recapture something he lost long ago. What really makes this story work is the defiant nature of the woman. Again and again she resists becoming what he wants to turn her into. This is a fascinating tale, that has the vibe of an ancient legend, retold.
Hexagrammaton, by Hanuš Seiner in TOR.com. "…the quiet song of the running engines could be heard. Their sound wavered with the rhythm of the crew's words. The virus mediated the crew's feelings to the engines, just as it opened their minds to the engines' distant thoughts."
I'm not sure I can even properly describe the premise of this unique and captivating story. Aliens have visited the solar system. They have infected? blessed? some humans with a virus that rewrites their genetic code into…something else. The aliens have left, but the infected humans are stuck, halfway to their ultimate metamorphosis. Now, a woman might have found something that will change everything. Mathematics, genetic reprogramming, fear, loneliness, a longing to explore the universe… All I can say is: read it. It's a trippy, disorienting story that is well worth savouring.
A Heart, An Egg, A Lock of Hair, by Kelly M Sandoval in Daily Science Fiction. "She tries to remember the last time anyone touched her. She tries to remember her name. Ruin tugs her along, and she allows herself to be led."
Oh. This one moved me. It's such a deep and lonely story of love and loveless-ness, wanting and longing. Sandoval stitches a thin, silvery thread of possible redemption and hope into the tale's weave, making it shine and glimmer. A profound love-story, with something that looks a lot like a happy ending.
When No One's Left, by Lora Rivera in Reckoning. "And this broken species of ours should never again have dominion over the earth, now that it's free. We do not deserve this second chance. I've told him this. He agrees."
I love the dark, unsettling, and lyrical tone of this story, set in a world that is almost completely devoid of humans. Two people remain, and they are trying to survive together, haunted by the choice between extinction and… maybe, something like love. Gorgeous prose, and a mesmerizing voice.
The Rule of Capture, by Christopher Brown in Reckoning. "I knew foxes were living back in there in the woods behind the door factory, but the first time I saw one was when it was running away from a realtor."
This is a non-fiction piece, full of laws and regulations that deal with property and ownership, but the ending, and the skillful writing elevates it to something a lot more than just dry legalese.
Prayers to Broken Stone, by Cat Sparks in Kaleidotrope. "I've got ghosts," says Morgan. "They cling to us when they want to."
This is a profoundly strange and evocative tale of a world haunted by shadows and ghosts, war and despair. It's a world that feels eerily familiar to our own, but where reality shifts and warps in the presence of mysterious, shadowy figures. Each person in the tale is somehow caught up in a nameless fear they can't defeat or even see or understand clearly. "We let these creatures through and there's no turning back…" I re-read this piece a couple of times, just to savour the prose and the ever-twisting and shifting layers of reality.
(Originally published at mariahaskins.com)
9 incredible speculative fiction short stories
December was a busy month for me: lots of feasting, lots of traveling, lots of reading, too. Here are nine stories that are for keeps.
Wooden Boxes Lined with the Tongues of Doves, by Claire Humphrey in Beneath Ceaseless Skies. Quite simply one of the best short stories I read in 2016. Magic, love, war, and secrets kept for nefarious purposes… It's the kind of story that made my heart skip as a reader, and as a writer, I feel like reading it a million times just to appreciate the amazing craftsmanship and luminous talent of how Humphrey creates a world, a mood, and spins it all into such gorgeous dark magic.
Where She Went, by Linden A. Lewis in Beneath Ceaseless Skies. "Rhee walked towards the towering obelisks, a hundred feet tall and thick as two men, spurs singing in the desert sand, his wide-brimmed hat pulled low over his brow and one hand poised above his revolver." A grandfather goes on a quest to find his grand-daughter, a quest that has him heading into a place where nothing is what it seems… and oh my gosh, how I love this story. It is fantasy and science fiction in one, weaving in fairytale creatures and settings in the telling. And, it also has a sort of wild west flavour.
The Autobiography of a Traitor and a Half-Savage, by Alix E. Harrow at TOR.com. "Without us, the land won't lie still. It writhes and twists beneath their compasses…" In an alternate version of our world, the land itself changes shape when people move through it, defeating the attempts to tame and cultivate it. Mapmakers are needed to hold the land still, but it is a job that takes a heavy toll. An amazing story, in a uniquely imagined world, with a heart of grief and hope and sorrow.
Too Many Ghosts, by Steve Rasnic Tem in The Dark. "As the tiny lights blinked indistinct faces and pale twisted bodies floated momentarily out of the bark." An old man carves wood, and sometimes pumpkins, finding the faces of the dead in the material. This is a ghost story of sorts, and Tem expertly weaves a deep and evocative mythology into the telling. A gloriously inventive and evocative read.
Uncontainable, by Helen Stubbs in Apex Magazine. "At intervals, all night, she fights invisible monsters. It's like something is trying to devour her soul." A child who doesn't act the way she is supposed to. A lodger who becomes her friend. And a very strange, seemingly helpful woman feeding her special milk to babies… This is an exceptionally creepy tale of mounting horror as you begin to realize just how much darkness lurks beneath the surface.
The Blood Drip, by Brian Evenson in Nightmare Magazine. "My jaw?" asked Nils. He reached up and prodded it, and Karsten thought he saw a jag of bone push up beneath the skin. Then, with a swift movement he crunched the jawbone back in place. "What do you mean?" Evenson's story is the kind of scary story I love: it's unsettling to the extreme, and suffused with a slow-creeping, disorienting, almost hallucinatory madness and horror. Brilliant stuff.
All the Souls Like Candle Flames, by Vanessa Fogg in Luna Station Quarterly. "Mikki thought of the Sea Witch. She thought of the songs she heard in the night, the voice calling and the chime of drowned bells. "It's all one sea," she said." This is one of the most beautiful and heartbreaking stories I've read, and yet it is also full of love and hope and light. Fogg tells the story of orphaned children, the hard life near the sea, and the charms woven to protect the living from the Sea Witch, with exquisite care and skill.
Now We've Lost, by Natalia Theodoridou in Shimmer. "I used to grow chrysanthemums in my garden. Now it's sown with cigarettes and shards of glass." A story I could read over and over again, just because of the gorgeous language: how it flows and sways and sings, and makes the story shiver to life as you read it. The brutality of war lurks just beneath the surface and the hope of peace, even in defeat, is there too. A must-read.
The Three Nights of the Half-Gent, by Mário de Seabra Coelho in Strange Horizons. "More than once he told himself he would talk to her. After all, he was already dead, you can't lose anything when you're dead." A ghost who revisits the love of his past. A flicker of hope, maybe, just out of (or within) reach. This is a different kind of ghost story, all aglow with gorgeous prose, and its very own take on what might happen after death.


Sample set with new added designs have arrived from Indigi Designs.
Indigi Designs from South Africa is added to the list of brands.
New Skinny laMinx fabric books have arrived.
Kokka from Japan is added to the list of brands.


text:
El Torneo SANZAR/UAR M21 de 1997 se disputó en Australia y fue la tercera edición del torneo en categoría M21, el torneo fue disputado por las tres naciones pertenecientes a SANZAR y además la Unión Argentina de Rugby.

Posiciones

Fase regular

Resultados

Véase también

 Torneo SANZAR/UAR M21

Referencias

Rugby en Australia
Rugby en 1997


text:
Hackaday.io Page
Github >
Hackaday >
Buy Kit >
L-Star
Software-Defined 6502 Computer
About L-Star
Jac Goudsmit January 4, 2017 About L-Star2018-01-29T22:53:34-08:00
L-Star is an open-source hardware and software project by Jac Goudsmit. If you want to contact me, send me an email at my first name <dot> my last name <at> gmail.com. You can also contact my via Hackaday, Github or Tindie; see the links at the top of the page.
L-Star © 2014-2018 Jac Goudsmit
L-Star was based on Propeddle © 2011-2018 Jac Goudsmit
Propeddle was based on Prop-6502 © 2009 Dennis Ferron
The Apple-1 ROM image was copied from the Replica-1 © 2004 Vince Briel
The Apple-1 ROM image contains a copy of Krusader © 2007 Ken Wessen
The Apple-1 ROM image contains software based on the "Woz Monitor" © 1976 Steve Wozniak
Several projects use the 1-pin TV driver © 2009 Eric Ball, Ray Rodrick, Marko Lukat
All hardware designs and software are licensed under the MIT license:
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
All documentation on this website as well as on the Github repo and elsewhere is licensed under the CC-BY-SA license. That license is similar to the MIT license: you can use the documentation in any way (including commercial purposes), as long as you make it clear where you got it from.
Introduction to the 6502 and L-Star
Using the Apple-1 Software Defined Computer
Building the L-Star Plus (Rev. 5)
Welcome to L-Star!
Copyright ©2021. L-Star


text:
Pattern: Use of deprecated class

Issue: -

## Description

The class is marked as deprecated and will be removed in the future.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Aimee Song Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and Height
Aimee is a household name in the USA, when it comes to blogging. Aimee is a fashion and interior design blogger, who is majorly known for her social media influence and success. Aimee also owns a clothing store by the name "Two songs." She runs the store along with her sister Dani de Ella. Aimee creates daily vlogs which are related to fashion, design ideas, and her everyday story. Aimee has done collaboration with big names in the industry. She has worked very closely with Lacoste and Bloomindale's. She also has a line of bangles in her name. She owns a blog named Song of the style. Millions of fans and followers flock to her blogs and YouTube channel to get style inspiration.
Early days of Aimee Song
Aimee was born on 10th December, 1987 in Los Angeles, California. She is an American by nationality, but she is a part of an Asian ethnic group. She studied interior design and fashion and completed her graduation in 2008. Just after finishing her graduation, she started a blog named "Song of the Style." This blog gave her the first step in the world of fashion. She belongs to a well-settled family background. Not much information about her parents are available. But in an interview, Aimee said that her parents were very supportive of her work. Her mother inspires her every day to do more amazing things. Her sister Dani De Ella supports her in the clothing store. Her sister is often seen in many of her Vlogs.
Academic details of Aimee Song
Aimee started her basic school education from a local school nearby. She was interested in style and fashion while she was in school. She wanted to study fashion in her graduation. She got herself enrolled in BFA, Interior architecture from the Academy of Art University. She completed her graduation in 2008, and soon after that, she started her blog named "Two songs."" Her blog generated huge traffic per day and it boosted her morale and confidence to pursue Vlogging as a full-time career.
Personal details of Aimee Song
Real Name: Aimee Song
Nickname: Ami
Place of Birth: Los Angeles, California, United States
Current City: Los Angeles, California, United States
Birthday: 10th December, 1987
Horoscope: Sagittarius
Profession: Model, blogger, Fashionista, Influencer, Social media influencer, Media personality
Family details of Aimee Song
Number of Siblings: 1 (Sister Dani Song)
Children: 1 (Tio Felix)
Spouse Name: Unmarried
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Body measurements of Aimee Song
Body Physique: Well-maintained body
Height in Feet: 5 feet 6 inches
Height in Metres: 1.68 m
Body Measurements: 34-30-35
Hip Size: 35 inches/89 cm
Shoe Size (US): 8
Dress Size (US): 4
Relationship Details of Aimee Song
Aimee is in a beautiful relationship with her boyfriend Jacopo Moschin. Jacopo is an entrepreneur and a fashion photographer. He is also a creative director of the production company N87. The couple met during a fashion shoot, and instantly fell in love. In February, 2022, the couple became parents to their cute son Teo Felix. Aimee gave water delivery to their son. While the couple were initially not ready for a water delivery, Aimee gave birth to their son in a home tub. Aimee posts beautiful pictures of her baby regularly. Her baby is also a part of her vlogs these days.
Net worth of Aimee Song
Aimee is very passionate about the work she does. She started working just after her graduation and since then she has been working continuously. Aimee lives a luxurious life with her husband and her new born. She generated revenue not just from the store, but also from many brand endorsements she does on her Instagram and YouTube channel. She gets sufficient revenue from the content she has monetized on YouTube. Aimee has not disclosed any information about her car or the houses she owns. But currently, her net worth is $2 million.
Career details of Aimee Song
Aimee started her career as a blogger and published her content way back in 2008. Since then, she has been creating content on an everyday basis. While she was creating content she also focused on a career in interior architecture. She founded a clothing line song of style. The store is run by Aimee and her sister. In addition to all these works, Aimee also works as a style minister for big brands like Giorgio Armani, Dior, and Laura Mercier. Aimee has also worked with brands like True Religion and Levi's. Aimee was also featured in Forbes 30 under 30 in the year 2016. She has also published a book named "Capture your style" that was on New York Time's hit list. Aimee started her YouTube channel in 2012, and she posts videos related to beauty, fashion hacks, style, and hauls. As of now, Aimee has almost 336k followers. Her content is very much liked by her fans and followers. She is garnering huge attention after publishing video content.
Unknown facts about Aimee Song
Fans want to get details about unknown facts about the people they follow. So, here we present the unknown facts about Aimee's song. Aimee is not just a vlogger; she is also a kitchen and bathroom designer as she has studied architecture in her graduation. Aimee is a big fan of travelling. She takes regular trips with her family members and close friends. She likes to travel to new places. One of the most viewed videos on her channel is Aimee's home renovation video. The video was published in July 2021 and is watched by people all over the world. The video has millions of views. Aimee is also a pet lover. She owns two cute pet dogs. Aimee has 6.2 million followers. Her sense of style and fashion is one of the reasons for her popularity and a large fan base.
Aimee Kelly Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and Height
Aimee Carrero Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and Height
Eiza Gonzalez Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and Height
Eiza Gonzalez was born on 30th January 1990, and she is a prominent singer and actress from Mexico. She gained much prominence for being Lola Erase Una Vez, a musical Telenovela where she played the role of Lola Valente. She has also starred in SuenaConmigo, a Nickelodeon teen drama, as Clara Molina. She gained further…
Read More Eiza Gonzalez Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and HeightContinue
Dylan Cannon Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and Height
Dylan Cannon was born on 4th January 1937, and she is a prominent director, actress, screenwriter, editor, and producer from America. She has earned three Academy nominations. She is originally from Washington, and she was raised in a Jewish family. She has attended the High School of West Seattle and has also been at Washington…
Read More Dylan Cannon Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and HeightContinue
Belle Knox Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and Height
Mariam Weeks is a former pornographic actress who was born on 9th June 1995. She is most prevalently known as the Duke University Pornstar because of her occupation while acquiring her education. She is doing adult movie acting since the year 2013 to pay her sixty thousand dollar fee per year. Her career blew up…
Read More Belle Knox Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and HeightContinue
Bob Goen Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and Height
Robert Goen was born on 1st December of 1954, and he is an American game show actress and prevalent television personality. He is most commonplace in the game show Entertainment Tonight that ran from 1993 to 2004. He was also the final host of a daytime show named Wheel of Fortune that ran from 1989…
Read More Bob Goen Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and HeightContinue
Diana Karazon Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and Height
Diana Karazon was born on 30th October 1983, and she is a prominent Arabic pop television host, singer, and actress. She has been the winner of the Arabic edition of Pop Idol named Superstar. She is originally from Kuwait City, but her ancestry is Palestine. Personal Details of Diana Corazon Place of Birth: Kuwait City,…
Read More Diana Karazon Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and HeightContinue
Eddie Redmayne Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and Height
Eddie Redmayne was born on 6th January 1982, and he is a prominent actor from England. He has received several awards, including a Tony award, an academy award, a screen actors guild award, and a golden globe award. He commenced his vocation in the acting world from the West End Theatre. He was doing a…
Read More Eddie Redmayne Measurements, Bio, Age, Weight, and HeightContinue


Inspired by the dress code of Henley Royal Regatta, Phoebe Lucas Designs began designing clothes to be worn for this historic exclusive event. Based in Henley on Thames, Phoebe Lucas Designs creates classical and elegant clothing that befits any high-class, smart occasion.
Phoebe Lucas Designs offers, timeless designs using the highest quality, limited edition fabrics to produce collections that are one of a kind and something to treasure for years to come.
This Henley based brand offers clothing to support the female executive lifestyle. Whether you are going to the regatta, the Royal Guards polo or an important board meeting; Phoebe Lucas Designs provides a wardrobe choice to match this high performing female lifestyle.
What makes PL Designs so unique is not only their classic sartorialism, and unique, timeless fabrics but also the confidence in knowing that all their collections are made in Britain.


Wedding favors are a great way to show your guests you appreciate their support on your wedding day. Instead of giving traditional favors, spread your goodwill by giving a little back to animals. It's the ultimate way to share your love and a wonderful way to thank your guests for sharing this special day with you.
If you prefer to give by phone, please call Linda Tiramani at (212) 876-7700, ext. 4516. Please allow 1-3 business days for delivery.


Ghupload.com do not claim ownership of any of the Songs that we upload and any copyright infringement complaints will be executed immediately! It is our policy to honor all take-down requests!
If any posted content on Ghupload is in violation of a copyright please send an email us [[email protected]] and we will quickly respond to your request.


A Chinese Protestant pastor is vowing to keep preaching to his flock despite the closure of his prominent underground church in Beijing, defying the government's intensifying pressure on religious groups.
Housed on the third story of a nondescript commercial building in a northern Beijing suburb, Zion had up to 1,600 people attending its services each weekend.
But on September 9, some 70 officers stormed into Zion's premises and ordered everyone out, tearing down signs and the church's logo, Jin said.
The church's troubles started in February this year as tighter regulations on religious groups kicked in.
"In the 70 year history of the people's republic, [Christians] have had a lot of harm and ill done to us, so churchgoers wouldn't feel too comfortable about their personal information being made public," he said.
The building's owners were also pressured to prematurely end their partnership, refusing to renew the church's lease after it expired in August and plastering eviction notices outside.
"The way they are trying to control religion, they are using tactics from the former Soviet Union... where the church is a political tool," he said.
China's top leaders have recently called for the "Sinicization" of religious practice—bringing it in line with "traditional" Chinese values and culture—sparking concern among rights groups.
Christians in the country are split between unofficial "house" or "underground" churches like Zion, and state-sanctioned churches where Communist Party songs also feature in the order of service.
The closures of churches represent "a significant escalation on President Xi's crackdown against religious freedom in China," Fu told AFP.
The state-linked China Christian Council estimates the country has around 20 million Christians—excluding Catholics—in official churches supervised by the authorities.
China's roughly 12 million Catholics are also divided between a government-run association, whose clergy are chosen by the atheist Communist Party, and an unofficial underground church loyal to the Vatican.
Jin believes there will be "social upheaval" should the government try to erase religion, adding that he will continue to lead worship sessions outside the former church building.
"This is a new generation, which is why the church has to be alert, and be ready to accept this challenge," he said.


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text:
Women's Six Nations Championship Index.
The latest news, fixtures and results from the Women's 6 Nations Championship, England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales, representing the six member unions at Women's representative level.
Refereeing appointments announced for 2019 Women's Six Nations
18 December 2018, 11:00am
Aimee Barrett-Theron will take charge of the opening match of the 2019 Women's Six Nations Championship.
Connor McLoughlin
Ireland's Miller makes club return after 10 months out
17 December 2018, 3:11pm
Ireland winger Alison Miller made her domestic return after 10 months out with an ankle injury as UL Bohemians beat Old Belvedere 14-5.
Women's Six Nations players prepare for festive fixtures
There is pre-Christmas action in four of the Women's Six Nations countries this weekend, with top-of-the-table clashes and local derbies set to light up the festive period.
Charles Richardson
Women's Six Nations stars in domestic action across Europe
Some of the women's Six Nations biggest stars were in action across Europe this weekend
There was drama in Ireland as Railway Union suffered back-to-back defeats to Old Belvedere while national team captain, Sene Naoupu shone brightly.
Tom Dean
Ireland Women v England Women 01/02/2019 17:00 Energia Park
Scotland Women v Italy Women 01/02/2019 19:35 Scotstoun Stadium, Glasgow
France Women v Wales Women 02/02/2019 21:00 GGL (Altrad) Stadium
Scotland Women v Ireland Women 08/02/2019 19:35 Scotstoun Stadium, Glasgow
Italy Women v Wales Women 09/02/2019 20:00 Lecce
England Women v France Women 10/02/2019 12:45 Castle Park
Italy Women v Ireland Women 23/02/2019 19:45 Stadio Sergio Lanfranchi
France Women v Scotland Women 23/02/2019 21:00 Le Stadium Villeneuve d'Acsq
Wales Women v England Women 24/02/2019 12:30 Cardiff Arms Park
Scotland Women v Wales Women 08/03/2019 19:35 Scotstoun Stadium, Glasgow
England Women v Italy Women 09/03/2019 12:05 Sandy Park
Ireland Women v France Women 09/03/2019 19:00 Energia Park
England Women v Scotland Women 16/03/2019 19:30 Twickenham
Wales Women v Ireland Women 17/03/2019 13:30 Cardiff Arms Park
Italy Women v France Women 17/03/2019 14:30 Stadio Plebiscito
Women's Six Nations Table | 2019
1 England 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
2 France 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 Ireland 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 Italy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 Scotland 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 Wales 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


text:
UNITED STATES v. SMYTHE
UNITED STATES of America, Appellee, v. Derrick SMYTHE, also known as "D," Defendant-Appellant.
No. 03-1605.
Before: MESKILL, KATZMANN, and WESLEY, Circuit Judges. John-Claude Charbonneau, Assistant United States Attorney (David V. Kirby, First Assistant United States Attorney, on the brief), for Peter W. Hall, United States Attorney for the District of Vermont, for Appellee. Thomas A. Zonay, Ford & Zonay, P.C., Woodstock, Vt., for Defendant-Appellant.
We here make clear that a defendant possesses a dangerous weapon within the meaning of U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(b)(1) when he trades drugs for guns.
Defendant-appellant Derrick Smythe pled guilty to conspiring to distribute crack cocaine in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 846, 841(a)(1), and 841(b)(1)(B), and he now appeals his sentence. Along with his co-defendants, Smythe was a reputed crack cocaine dealer in the Rutland, Vermont area. Together, they expressed interest to undercover agents in exchanging crack cocaine, which they had, for firearms. The four defendants, including Smythe, met with an undercover agent in Burlington, Vermont. After each defendant handled and examined each of 11 firearms, Smythe handed the agent a bag containing 22 grams of crack. Smythe then opened the trunk of his car, and a co-defendant took possession of the bag containing all 11 firearms and placed it in Smythe's trunk. The defendants were subsequently arrested. At sentencing following his guilty plea, the district court (Murtha, J.) found, over Smythe's objection, that Smythe "possessed" a firearm within the meaning of U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(b)(1) and enhanced his offense level by two points.
"We review the district court's interpretation and application of the Sentencing Guidelines de novo, and its findings of related fact for clear error." United States v. Smith, 215 F.3d 237, 239 (2d Cir.2000) (per curiam). The Guidelines provide that, in cases involving drug offenses, a sentencing court should raise a defendant's base offense level by two points "[i]f a dangerous weapon (including a firearm) was possessed." U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(b)(1). As the "authoritative," Stinson v. United States, 508 U.S. 36, 38, 113 S.Ct. 1913, 123 L.Ed.2d 598 (1993), commentary to the Guideline provides, "[t]he adjustment should be applied if the weapon was present, unless it is clearly improbable that the weapon was connected with the offense," U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1 cmt. n. 3. Accordingly, "once the government has established that a weapon's presence was reasonably foreseeable to the defendant during conduct ․ relevant to the offense ․ at issue, the enhancement will apply, unless the defendant demonstrates that it is clearly improbable that the weapon was connected with the drug offense." Smith, 215 F.3d at 241 (citation omitted). Characteristic of that reasoning, we have previously upheld the application of this enhancement where a gun was found in the apartment where the defendant merely stored his narcotics, see United States v. Pellegrini, 929 F.2d 55, 56 (2d Cir.1991) (per curiam), or conducted drug transactions, see United States v. Rodriguez-Gonzalez, 899 F.2d 177, 182-83 (2d Cir.1990), and we have denied relief under the "safety valve" of U.S.S.G. § 5C1.2(a)(2) where the defendant received guns as collateral for drugs because, on those facts, he "possessed" the weapons "in connection with the offense," see United States v. DeJesus, 219 F.3d 117, 122 (2d Cir.2000) (per curiam) (internal quotation marks omitted).
The act of trading drugs for guns is certainly conduct relevant to the charged offense of conspiring to distribute narcotics, and given the nature of the transaction arranged with the undercover agent, the presence of the firearms was indisputably foreseeable. Smythe argues, however, that the policy behind the enhancement, which "reflects the increased danger of violence when drug traffickers possess weapons," U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1. cmt. n. 3, does not support an enhancement on the facts of this case. In the defendant's view there is "no dispute that no danger existed, or could have existed" because "it was the agent who brought the [unloaded] guns to the scene and maintained control of them until after the drugs were delivered." Appellant's Br. at 10.
The Guideline is a per se rule that does not require a case-by-case determination that firearm possession made a particular transaction more dangerous. In any event, the dangerous-weapon enhancement reflects the understanding that the mere presence of firearms in connection with a drug transaction can increase the risk of violence. Indeed, "[t]he mere presence of a gun, loaded or not, can escalate the danger." United States v. Mitchell, 31 F.3d 271, 278 (5th Cir.1994) (emphasis added). This is so not only because an unloaded firearm may quickly and easily be loaded and used-or "converted instantaneously from currency to cannon," Smith v. United States, 508 U.S. 223, 240, 113 S.Ct. 2050, 124 L.Ed.2d 138 (1993) 1 -but also because the presence of a firearm may increase the risk that others will react in violent ways. As the D.C. Circuit has explained, "because the mere 'display of a gun instills fear in the average citizen' and 'as a consequence ․ creases an immediate danger that a violent response will ensue,' " offense-level enhancements are warranted even where a weapon is unloaded or inoperative. United States v. Burke, 888 F.2d 862, 869 (D.C.Cir.1989) (quoting McLaughlin v. United States, 476 U.S. 16, 17-18, 106 S.Ct. 1677, 90 L.Ed.2d 15 (1986)).
We see no reason why courts applying U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(b)(1) should "draw a fine metaphysical distinction between a gun's role in a drug offense as a weapon and its role as an item of barter; it creates a grave possibility of violence and death in either capacity," Smith, 508 U.S. at 240, 113 S.Ct. 2050, and we join our sister Circuits in holding that the quid pro quo exchange of drugs for firearms triggers the enhancement of § 2D1.1(b)(1), see United States v. Rogers, 150 F.3d 851, 858 (8th Cir.1998); United States v. Gibson, 135 F.3d 1124, 1128 (6th Cir.1998); see also United States v. Castillo, 979 F.2d 8, 9-11 (1st Cir.1992) (affirming enhancement where the defendant contemporaneously sold a firearm to an undercover officer along with three ounces of cocaine base).
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the district court is Affirmed.
1. The Supreme Court in Smith held that a defendant "uses" a firearm within the meaning of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1) when he trades a gun for narcotics. We take some guidance from cases involving 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1), which makes it a crime to "use[ ]" a firearm "during and in relation to any ․ drug trafficking crime." We have recently held that a defendant "uses" a firearm within the meaning of § 924(c)(1) when he holds a firearm as collateral for the advance of crack cocaine. United States v. Cox, 324 F.3d 77, 83-84 (2d Cir.2003); see also Bailey v. United States, 516 U.S. 137, 148, 116 S.Ct. 501, 133 L.Ed.2d 472 (1995) ( "The active-employment understanding of 'use' certainly includes brandishing, displaying, bartering, striking with, and, most obviously, firing or attempting to fire a firearm." (emphasis added)). The "use" of a firearm necessarily requires its possession, see Bailey, 516 U.S. at 143, 116 S.Ct. 501 (" '[U]se' must connote more than mere possession of a firearm by a person who commits a drug offense." (emphasis added)); Cox, 324 F.3d at 84 n. 2 (remarking that "trading drugs for a gun will probably result in ․ possession"), and so that which counts as "use" within § 924(c)(1) would seem to include "possession" for purposes of § 2D1.1(b)(1).Whether, when it comes to "use" of a firearm, we should distinguish the receipt of guns for drugs (this case) from the receipt of drugs for guns, as we suggested in Cox, see 324 F.3d at 83, either situation involves the "possession" of a firearm (if not its "use") in connection with the offense and triggers the enhancement under U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1(b)(1).
PER CURIAM.


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