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Posts Tagged 'Mass Die-Offs'
"Resource Shocks", Abrupt Climate Change, Anthropogenic Climate Change, Anthropogenic Global Warming, Climate Change Research, Climate Science, Collapse Of industrial Civilization, Earth's 6th Mass Extinction, Ecological Overshoot, Extreme Weather Events, Global Ecological Collapse, Global Environmental Crisis, Global Health Crisis, Mass Die-Offs, Near Term Human Extinction, Pathological Anthropocentricity., Runaway Global Warming, Underestimated Extinction Crisis
"Essentially The Walking Dead": Study Shows Earth's 6th Great Mass Extinction Happening Faster Than 5 Previous; Humans "very likely" To Be Among First Wave Of Species To Go Extinct
An irrigation canal near a parched field in Manteca, California, April 24, 2015. California's drought has made the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta's limited supply of freshwater, which helps feed more than 3 million acres of farmland, a central battle zone between farmers and environmentalists. (Jim Wilson/The New York Times
Oldspeak:"[The study] shows without any significant doubt that we are now entering the sixth great mass extinction event. There are examples of species all over the world that are essentially the walking dead." –Dr. Paul Ehrlich, Bing professor of population studies in biology and a senior fellow at the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment.
"Yep. This is where we're at. Esteemed scientists talking matter of factly about the unprecedented accelerated rate of this Mass Extinction event; estimating that humans will likely be among the 1st to go. Emphasizing that their calculations, horrific as they are are likely underestimating the severity of the extinction crisis. A celebrated scientist regarding humans efforts to save the planet as as "foolish and romantic extravagance." While technocrats cut funding for climate research, and limit Environmental Protection Agency efforts to curb toxic fossil fuel emissions. We're fucked. We're The Walking Dead. We're the zombies, mindlessly and hedonistically shuffling about, dimly aware of the world around us, insatiable in our desires for more, bigger, faster, being "productive", "efficient", "hacking" our lives to squeeze more work out of ourselves to accumulate more sense-pleasuring things and stuff. This is unsustainable and omnicidal. Is this the way you want to live your last days on this plane of existence? I invite You to choose to spend these last hours here doing & consuming less; instead being & loving more. Endeavoring to be in a place of mindfulness, wonder, reverence, gratitude and acceptance of all that exists." –OSJ
At the end of May, a few friends and I opted to climb a couple of the larger volcanoes in Washington State. We started on Mount Adams, a 12,280-foot peak in the southern part of the state.
We were able to drive to the Cold Springs Campground at 5,600 feet, where the climb would begin. This itself was an anomaly for late May, when the dirt road tended to still be covered with snowpack. But not this year, one in which Washington's Gov. Jay Inslee has already declared a statewide drought emergency, given this year's record-low snowpack.
To see more stories like this, visit "Planet or Profit?"
In fact, we hiked up bare earth until around 7,500 feet before we even had to don our crampons (metal spikes that attach to climbing boots to improve traction), itself another anomaly. During a short visit to the Forest Service ranger station the day before, the ranger had informed us that we were already experiencing mid- to late-August conditions, though it wasn't yet June.
A few days later and much further north on Mount Baker, a 10,781-foot glacial-clad volcano not far from the border of Canada, we experienced the same thing. We camped on terra firma at around 5,500 feet, in an area that normally would have found us camping on several feet of snowpack. When we headed up the peak, the route was already in late season (August) conditions. We found ourselves having to navigate around several large open crevasses where snow bridges that had offered access had already collapsed due to rising temperatures and melting snow.
During our descent after visiting the summit, two of my climbing partners punched through snow bridges over crevasses, and the lower part of the route was more like a Slurpee than a glacier. I would not have wanted to be on the mountain a day later than we were.
The signs of the increasing rapidity and intensification of our warming planet are all around us. And bigger-picture reports, studies and warnings are multiplying every day.
If current rates of ACD continue, "Life would take many millions of years to recover, and our species itself would likely disappear early on."
NASA recently released its global temperature data for the month of May, and it was 1.3 degrees Fahrenheit above the norm. The agency's data also revealed that 2015 has had the hottest five months of any year ever recorded. As of right now, 2015 is already hotter than last year, according to NASA; in fact, if it stays on the same track, it will be the hottest year ever recorded for the planet.
Things are bad enough that President Obama's science adviser issued a warning that anthropogenic climate disruption (ACD) is currently barreling forward so quickly that the entire state of California could be "overwhelmed": The state's efforts to adapt will be unable to keep pace with the rapidly intensifying developments on the ground. Essentially, this means the state does not have the financial nor physical resources to keep pace with rising seas, drought and wildfires that are all becoming the norm there.
Scientists like Bill Nye ("the Science Guy") are warning us to expect even more weather extremes as ACD progresses. For example, they predict the recent deluge of rain and flooding in Texas will become the norm for that state going forward.
A study recently published in Nature Climate Change has shown that if carbon dioxide and methane emissions are not dramatically cut extremely rapidly, ACD is set to bring about the most dramatic and encompassing rearrangement of ocean species in at least the last 3 million years. For example, the study shows that by 2100, the polar regions, which currently host some of the most diverse and widespread sea life on the planet, will likely be drained of much of their marine life.
It's not news that Arctic sea ice is melting at a record-breaking pace and that the odds of there being summer ice-free periods by next year are high. But an interesting twist resulting from this development is that this thinning Arctic ice, along with a lack of air support, has officially forced an end to trekking expeditions to the North Pole this year … and quite likely, forever.
All of these changes are portentous.
However, the most important development this month is clearly a recently published study in Science that states, unequivocally, that the planet has officially entered its sixth mass extinction event. The study showed that species are already being killed off at rates much faster than they were during the other five extinction events, and warned ominously that humans could very likely be among the first wave of species going extinct.
The lead author of the study, Gerardo Ceballos of the Universidad Autónoma de México, told reporters that if current rates of ACD, deforestation and pollution are allowed to continue, "Life would take many millions of years to recover, and our species itself would likely disappear early on."
Another alarming feature of the study is that it is admittedly conservative. On page three it states: "We emphasize that our calculations very likely underestimate the severity of the extinction crisis."
Study co-author Paul Ehrlich, a Bing professor of population studies in biology and a senior fellow at the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, told Stanford News, "[The study] shows without any significant doubt that we are now entering the sixth great mass extinction event. There are examples of species all over the world that are essentially the walking dead."
As we explore ACD's impact upon the four quadrants of the planet this month, we see developments that certainly confirm the aforementioned report's findings.
As warming from ACD continues to fuel increases in diseases and pests, moose in North America are dying by the thousands, according to a recent scientific report.
Another report revealed recently that the warming waters in Long Island Sound are dramatically altering fish populations, as summer flounder and sea bass that usually prefer warm water are now appearing in the northern locale.
As California's mega-drought lumbers on, redwoods and other iconic trees in that state are now dying in record numbers. As one example, Monterey pines – in one area that covers nearly 15 square acres – are already as much as 90 percent dead.
Even more disturbing is a recent report that polar bears have been seen killing and eating dolphins. That in itself isn't news, but the fact that it happened this spring, instead of during the warmer summer months, has never been seen before.
Recent NASA data has given us some remarkable graphics that show how the world's aquifers are losing their water at "alarming" rates, according to scientists. The data shows that more than half of the planet's 37 largest aquifers are being depleted. Given that the groundwater reserves take thousands of years to accumulate, one of the scientists described the situation as "critical."
São Paulo, Brazil, a mega-city of over 20 million people, has been pushed to the verge of severe water rationing, as its largest water reservoir is on pace to dry up completely by August.
In Chile, most of the ski areas have completely bare slopes. Santiago, which sits below all the ski resorts, has seen a scant 1.2 centimeters of rain this year, which is a jaw-dropping 86 percent less than normal.
North Korea is facing its worst drought in recorded history, which has sparked fears of a worsening of already severe food shortages.
The worst regional drought in nearly 10 years is hammering southern Africa, causing Zimbabweans to go hungry as crop failure has become rampant. The drought threatens to persist.
Meanwhile Nicaragua, the country with the most abundant water sources in its region (it even has the word "agua" as part of its very name), is experiencing one of its worst water shortages in five decades.
California's drought has taken at least a $2.7 billion toll on the state's agriculture.
In the United States, a record drought in Oklahoma has given wheat farmers there a glimpse of what is to come, although recent wet weather has ended the drought for now. Scientists are warning that the region should brace itself for a growing number of hotter, drier days in the future.
Farms in Utah are being wracked by drought, as officials in that state have begun rationing water, causing farmers there to worry about even more cutbacks as summer progresses.
In California, the Salton Sea – the largest lake in the state – is drying out of existence, giving us another indicator of how deep the drought is now embedded in the state's climate.
In monetary terms, a recent report shows that California's drought has taken at least a $2.7 billion toll on the state's agriculture. Obviously, that number is sure to continue to rise.
As is happening globally now, residents in some towns in central California are suffering from a health crisis that stems from not having running water and breathing increasingly dusty air, due to the drought. Respiratory problems are becoming rampant throughout the state.
In Canada, John Pomeroy, the director of the Centre for Hydrology at the University of Saskatchewan, recently spent time high up in the Rocky Mountains, along the British Columbia-Alberta divide. He witnessed clear signs of the highly damaging drought plaguing his country. Due to record dry spells, dramatically decreased river flows and the shortage of runoff water, Pomeroy said that western Canada is likely in the midst of a long-term drought.
The flip side of the water climate coin is flooding. In the United States, unprecedented amounts of rainfall across Texas and Oklahoma recently are evidence of what happens when a warming atmosphere becomes saturated with more water vapor than it used to be able to hold: yet another harbinger of our future.
By the end of the century, it is feasible that Mount Everest could be entirely without glaciers.
Thus, it comes as no surprise that the latest National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration report showed that this May was the wettest month ever recorded in the United States, despite the mega-drought in California and the West. Obviously, scientists have linked these phenomena to ACD.
Dramatic changes are happening in most of the planet's highest places, given the rapidly accelerating melting of glaciers. Even Mount Everest, the highest point on earth, is witnessing massive changes. A recent report in the journal The Cryosphere found that thousands of glaciers across the Himalayas will likely shrink by 70 to 99 percent by 2100.
Thus, by the end of the century, it is feasible that Mount Everest could be entirely without glaciers.
Another recent study linked intensifying weather events – like the extreme cold that wracked the eastern United States last winter and spring, along with the record flooding that hit Britain – to the rapid loss of Arctic ice. This doesn't bode well, as the Arctic summer sea ice will likely begin to vanish entirely for short periods, starting as early as next summer.
A unique photography project in Alaska has captured ACD impacts over time in a stunning way. The photos are hard to look at, but everyone should see them. They represent a kind of before-and-after view of what ACD is doing to one of the most beautiful areas on the planet. The project shows dramatically reduced glacial coverage in multiple areas of Alaska, including areas that used to be heavily glaciated, which are now completely ice-free.
The project became even more relevant when a recent report was published that shows how glaciers in Alaska have lost 75 gigatons (75 billion metric tons) of ice per year, from 1994 through 2013.
In comparison, this number is roughly half of the amount of ice loss for all of Antarctica (159 billion metric tons). This new data also indicates that the Alaska region alone likely contributed several millimeters to the global sea level rise in the past few decades.
The changing chemistry of the planet's atmosphere is causing new positive feedback loops to occur. For example, in Mexico City, warmer temperatures are exacerbating the already horrible smog in that mega-city, as higher temperatures mean that industrial pollutants are released more rapidly into the air.
Another recent report from NASA begins with this worrisome observation: "In the third week of May, it was warmer in Fairbanks, Alaska, than in Washington, DC. The small town of Eagle, Alaska, was hotter on May 23 than it has been on any day in Houston or Dallas this year. In what has become a frequent occurrence in the past few years, temperature profiles in North America appeared to be upside down."
The report, titled "Baked Alaska," includes a fascinating temperature anomaly map, and notes:
On May 23, the air temperature at Fairbanks International Airport reached 86 degrees Fahrenheit (30 degrees Celsius), breaking the record of 80°F (26.7°C) from 2002. That same day, thermometers hit 91°F (32.8°C) in Eagle, marking the earliest 90-degree day in state history. The town had nine consecutive days above 80°F. In Barrow, Alaska, on the shores of the Arctic Ocean, temperatures climbed to 47°F on May 21, close to 18°F above normal. Temperatures normally do not reach that high until mid-June.
Thus, not surprisingly, Alaska had its hottest May in recorded history.
India, ranked as the third-largest emitter of greenhouse gasses, recently had to cope with one of the single deadliest heat waves to ever have hit the country, which killed over 2,500 people. The heat wave was at least the fourth deadliest in world history.
"Let us not fool ourselves that there is no connection between the unusual number of deaths from the ongoing heat wave and the certainty of another failed monsoon," Harsh Vardhan, India's earth sciences minister, told Reuters. "It's not just an unusually hot summer; it is climate change."
As the heat and death toll continued to rise in India, scientists asked if this was really a glimpse of earth's future: a planet rife with skyrocketing temperatures and the human impacts to match.
Lastly in this section, a recent study published in Geophysical Research Letters shows that the warming generated by carbon dioxide released by burning coal exceeds the heat generated by said combustion in a mere 34 days. In other words, ACD does not take years or decades for its impacts to be felt, as was previously believed: Changes can happen alarmingly quickly.
As wildfires burn out of control from southern California all the way up the West Coast of the United States and across Alaska, a report from the Union of Concerned Scientists is worth highlighting. The group has warned of the direct links between ACD and drier soil, less moisture, changing precipitation levels and patterns, droughts, and the increasing frequency and severity of wildfires. Scientists emphasize that the connection between the fires and ACD must be recognized and confronted.
This month, the voices of climate denial did not fail to disappoint.
Not surprisingly, shareholders of the top two largest US oil companies, Exxon and Chevron, recently rejected proposals to add directors with expertise in studying ACD to their boards. It'd be bad for profits, of course.
The oil giants got some help from the US House of Representatives, which this month passed a bill that would make funding cuts to climate research done by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
On the other hand, Pope Francis let loose on ACD deniers in his recently released encyclical, in which he stated unequivocally that "the bulk of global warming" is anthropogenic, and called on everyone to take steps to mitigate the damage by reducing consumption and reliance upon fossil fuels.
Meanwhile, another recently published report has shown that as carbon dioxide levels continue to increase over time, the planet will become progressively less able to sequester carbon dioxide in the soil or deep in the oceans, as both carbon sinks become supersaturated.
"If all of the carbon of permafrost was released, at that point, this is not going to be a habitable planet for humans."
A climate researcher with the Woods Hole Research Center, Susan Natali, recently told a reporter that as global temperatures continue to increase, thawing permafrost is releasing larger amounts of carbon dioxide and methane, which of course cause temperatures to warm even further. Thus, the positive feedback loop feeds upon itself, a phenomenon that underpins runaway ACD.
"If all of the carbon of permafrost was released, at that point, this is not going to be a habitable planet for humans," Natali warned.
All of this information, taken together, paints an increasingly bleak scene for the planet and its species – including, of course, humans.
This could be why James Lovelock, the celebrated scientist and environmentalist who created the Gaia hypothesis, recently stated, "Saving the planet is a foolish, romantic extravagance."
He added that as climate disruption spins further out of control, "The civilizations of the northern hemisphere would be utterly destroyed, no doubt about it. But it would give life elsewhere a chance to recover. I think actually that Gaia might heave a sigh of relief."
Abrupt Climate Change, Anthropogenic Climate Change, Anthropogenic Global Warming, Business As Ususal, Climate Science, Earth's 6th Mass Extinction, Earth-Human Systems instability, Global Temperature Rise, Habitat Destruction, Mass Die-Offs, species loss, Underestimated Global Warming
One In Six Of World's Species Faces Extinction Due To Climate Change. Climate Change Will Accelerate Earth's 6th Mass Extinction
The marbled salamander is increasing its distribution and range in response to warming winter temperatures. (Mark Urban)
Oldspeak: "The risk if we continue on our current trajectory is very high. If you look out your window and count six species and think that one of those will potentially disappear, that's quite profound. Those losses would affect our economy, our cultures, our food security, our health. It really compels us to act." –Dr. Mark C Urban
"I'm watching the NBA playoffs. A wave a sadness just gripped me watching the commercials at half time. So many car commercials. So many food commercials. So many Movie and TV commercials. So many alcohol commercials. Claiming to free your soul. To expand your horizons. To have you on the edge of your seat. To fill your stomach. To bring you pleasure and fun. To dazzle your senses with wondrous and exciting distractions. Tweetworthy "experiences". I guess what else to expect on the Disney Corporations' Infotainment stream ABC really. Nothing real. Even the "news" was about how to tell if your wedding ring was fake. All the variegated manner of unreality purporting to make you feel alive. SIGH. All that in the context of this life altering and extinguishing actual reality. Business as usual continues unabated. We pretty much know how this show goes. We are The Walking Dead. Acting at this point is pointless. 2c is a fantasy at this point, and even that's a fucking nightmare. Sigh. I'll choose to meditate on the words of Nisargadatta:
"Whatever is happening is bound to happen. There is a series of events; a scenario is written down. So according to that scenario, things happen. If we are identified with all sorts of things, we have certain hopes and aspirations; and if things turn out accordingly, we are happy. If the things that happen are not according to our wishes we are unhappy. So we will continue to be happy and unhappy in an endless cycle, so long as we persist in this attitude. However the moment we see things a proper perspective — that all we can do is see that witnessing happens, and that whatever happens is independent of our thoughts — then there is a different state. There is no volition as far as an individual is concerned; things happen on their own. When that is seen, there is already a certain piece of mind…. The ignorant man will want to live as long as he can. He would like to postpone the moment of death as much as possible. But for a jnani (knower, sage one who has realized the self), what benefit of any kind can he expect by existing in the world even one more minute? So the only thing that would be nice is for the vital breath to leave quietly and not make a fuss." Word to ya Maharaj." -OSJ
By Sarah Zielinski @ Smithsonian.com:
The pace at which species disappear is picking up as temperatures rise, and things are looking especially troubling in the tropics
Climate change is accelerating species loss on Earth, and by the end of this century, as many as one in six species could be at risk of extinction. But while these effects are being seen around the world, the threat is much higher in certain sensitive regions, according to two new comprehensive studies.
The planet is experiencing a new wave of die-offs driven by factors such as habitat loss, the introduction of exotic invaders and rapid changes to our climate. Some people have called the phenomenon the sixth mass extinction, on par with the catastrophic demise of the large dinosaurs 65 million years ago. To try and combat the declines, scientists have been racing to make predictions about which species are most likely to go extinct, along with when and where it will happen, sometimes with widely varying results.
"Depending on which study you look at, you can come away with a rosy or gloomy view of climate change extinctions," notes Mark Urban of the University of Connecticut. "That's because each study focuses on different species [and] regions of the world and makes different assumptions about climate change and species' responses."
In one of the two new studies published today in Science, Urban compensated for all those differences by combining 131 previously published studies into one big prediction. If greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated, he calculates, 16 percent of species will be threatened with extinction due to climate change by the end of the century.
"Perhaps most surprising is that extinction risk does not just increase with temperature rise, but accelerates, curving upward as the Earth warms," Urban says. If greenhouse gases were capped and temperatures rose a couple degrees less, then the extinction threat would be nearly halved, he found.
Urban's analysis focused on major land areas (minus Antarctica) and found that the risk of die-offs was not equal around the world. South America, Australia and New Zealand will experience the most extinctions, probably because these regions have many species that are endemic and found nowhere else in the world, and they rely on habitats that are not found anywhere else.
Ocean areas predicted to be at high risk of extinction (red) are overlaid with areas most impacted by humans (black outline) and regions experiencing a high rate of climate change (crosshatch). (Finnegan et al, Science.)
In the second study, Seth Finnegan of the University of California, Berkeley and colleagues drew from the fossil record to make predictions about modern extinction risk in the world's coastal areas.
"Extinction is a process that often plays out on very long timescales—thousands of years or more. But our direct observations of modern species span, in even the best cases, only a few hundred years," notes Finnegan. "Fossils allow us to examine the entire histories of different groups, from their first appearance until their final extinction."
Finnegan's group used the fossil histories of six groups of marine animals—bivalves, gastropods, sea urchins, sharks, mammals and stony corals—to determine which kinds of animals were inherently more likely to disappear, or the intrinsic risk of extinction. Similar groups of species tend to have similar patterns of extinction, Finnegan notes, which makes fossil studies such as this one possible. They team also analyzed the geographic locations where such extinctions were more likely to occur.
The researchers then overlaid their map of intrinsic extinctions with data on today's human impacts and climate change to determine probable hotspots of species loss. They found that coastal species will be especially at risk near the tropics, including the Indo-Pacific, the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico.
"The implications of these broad-scale patterns for the future of coastal marine ecosystems will depend on how intrinsic risk and current threats interact to determine future extinction risk," the researchers note. In some places, such as the North Atlantic, "anthropogenic impacts may dwarf intrinsic risk effects and leave a distinctly human fingerprint on future extinctions."
Abrupt Climate Change, Anthropogenic Climate Change, Anthropogenic Global Warming, Cataclysmic Change, Climate Change, Climate Science, Collapse Of industrial Civilization, Earth's 6th Mass Extinction, Extreme Weather Events, Global Ecological Collapse, Mass Die-Offs, Mega Droughts, Runaway Global Warming, Underestimated Global Warming
World On Fire: Experts Warn of "Cataclysmic Changes" & "Unimaginable Consequences For Human Civilization" As Planetary Temperatures Rise
In Uncategorized on April 30, 2015 at 7:47 pm
Two unprecedentedly high temperatures were recorded in Antarctica, providing an ominous sign of accelerating climate change as one of the readings came in at just more than 63 degrees Fahrenheit.
Oldspeak: "As the "faint glimmers of civilization left in this barbaric slaughterhouse that was once known as humanity…" grow ever fainter, the planet burns. Global temperatures are rising, ice is melting faster, seas are dying and rising, freshwater is vanishing, forrests & untold variety of lifeforms are dying off, fields are fallow and anthropogenic emissions are increasing. Conditions are steadily deteriorating, usually faster that predicted. Dahr Jamail is back with his latest dispatch from the end of the world. All the news is bad, and it's gettin late, early. Though if you payed attention to the corporate infotainment streams, you'd believe that Civil Unrest, Gay Marriage, Terrorism, Mayweather vs Pacquiao, Hillary, & Iran are most worthy of your attention. We now return you to your regularly scheduled program "Our Dying World", already in progress." –OSJ
This month's anthropogenic climate disruption (ACD) dispatch begins with the fact that recently released National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration data show that this March was, by far, the hottest planetary March ever recorded, and the hottest January to March period on record as well.
We are watching unprecedented melting of glaciers across the planet, increasingly high temperature records and epic-level droughts that are now becoming the new normal: Planetary distress signals are increasing in volume.
One of these took place recently in Antarctica, of all places, where two unprecedentedly high temperatures were recorded, providing an ominous sign of accelerating ACD as one of the readings came in at just over 63 degrees Fahrenheit.
A fascinating recent report shows that approximately 12 million people living in coastal areas will be displaced during the next 85 years, with areas along the Eastern Seaboard of the United States seeing some of the most dramatic impacts.
In the US, another report shows that the Navajo Nation is literally dying of thirst, with one of the nation's leaders flatly sounding the alarm by stating, "We're going to be out of water."
A study just published in Geophysical Research Letters bolsters the case that a period of much faster ACD is imminent, if it hasn't already begun.
On that note, leading climate researchers recently said there is a possibility that the world will see a 6-degree Celsius temperature increase by 2100, which would lead to "cataclysmic changes" and "unimaginable consequences for human civilization."
With these developments in mind, let us take a look at recent developments across the planet since the last dispatch.
Signs of ACD's impact across this sector of the planet are once again plentiful, and the fact that the Amazon is suffering is always a very loud alarm buzzer, given that every year the world's largest rainforest cycles through 18 billion tons of carbon when its 6 million square kilometers of trees breathe in carbon dioxide and then release it back into the atmosphere when they die. This is twice the amount of carbon that fossil fuel burning emits in an entire year. A recent report shows that while the Amazon is continuing to absorb more carbon than it is releasing, a tipping point is coming, and likely soon, as deforestation, drought and fires there continue to remove precious trees at a frightful rate. With 1.5 acres of rainforest lost every single second, somewhere around the world, the situation in the Amazon does not bode well for our future.
In the United States, in Harvard Forest, located 70 miles west of the university's campus in Cambridge, Massachusetts, hemlock trees are dying at an alarming rate. Harvard Forest is a case study, as it is part of a network of 60 forests around the world called the Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatories, where they are being studied for their response to ACD and other anthropogenic issues. Kristina Anderson-Teixeira, an ecologist with the network, said its forests are "being impacted by a number of different global change factors. We do expect more of this, be it pests or pathogens or droughts or heat waves or thawing permafrost."
Another report from April revealed that Russia has been losing an amount of forest the size of Switzerland (16,600 square miles of tree cover) every year, for three years running.
Terrestrial animals continue to struggle to survive in many areas. It should come as no surprise that in the Arctic, a recent study shows that the theory that polar bears will be able to adapt to ice-free seas in the summer by eating on land has been debunked. Without ice in the summer, polar bears will starve and die off.
Another study shows that ACD is threatening mountain goats, due to the warming that is occurring even at the higher elevations where the goats live, as the rate of warming there is two to three times faster than the rest of the planet. According to the study, due to the warming, the goats' future is now uncertain.
In California, sea lion strandings have already reached more than 2,250 for this year alone, which is a record. The worsening phenomenon is being blamed on warming seas that are disrupting the food supply of marine mammals.
Across the United States, hunters are seeing their traditions being changed by ACD. "I could point you to a million different forums online where hunters are complaining about the season and how hunting is terrible," said one hunter in a recent report. "At the end of the day, it's changing weather patterns. Winters around here are not as cold as they used to be."
A March report from a researcher in Rhode Island showed that the growth and molting rates of juvenile lobsters are decreasing "significantly" due to oceans becoming increasingly acidic from ACD. This makes the animals more vulnerable to predations, thus leading to fewer adult lobsters and an overall rapidly declining population.
There have been a few major developments recently in this sector of our analysis.
Interestingly, some of the more commonly used anesthetics are apparently accumulating in the planet's atmosphere, thus contributing to warming of the climate, according to a report in April. It is a small amount, mind you, but the volume is increasing.
Bad news on the mitigation front comes in the form of a study that revealed that ongoing urban sprawl and auto exhaust is hampering cities' best efforts toward lowering carbon dioxide emissions. If people continue to drive as much as they are, and development continues apace, the push to build more dense housing, better transit systems and more bike lanes in urban centers will be for naught.
Speaking of lack of mitigation, the US Environmental Protection Agency recently announced that US greenhouse gas pollution increased 2 percent over the previous year in 2013.
Drought plagued California gets more bad news in this sector, as recently released data shows that the state continues to have its warmest year ever recorded, with statewide temperatures coming in nearly 2 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than the previous record, which was set in 2014. The state is quite literally baking.
Another study showed that the frozen soil (permafrost) of the planets' northern polar regions that holds billions of tons of organic carbon is melting and that melting is being sped up by ACD, hence releasing even more carbon into our already carbon dioxide-supersaturated atmosphere.
Lastly in this section, those who believe in technological fixes for our predicament received some bad news in April, which came in the form of a report that shows that any attempts to geoengineer the climate are likely to result in "different" climate disruption, rather than an elimination of the problem. The most popular proposed idea of solar radiation management that would utilize stratospheric sulfate aerosols to dim the sun has been proven to be, well, destructive. Using a variety of climate models, Ken Caldeira from the Carnegie Institution for Science in Stanford, California, has investigated the likely consequences of such geoengineering on agriculture across the globe.
According to a report on the matter:
His research showed that while dimming could rapidly decrease global temperatures, high carbon dioxide levels would be expected to persist, and it is the balance between temperature, carbon dioxide, and sunlight that affects plant growth and agriculture. Exploring the regional effects, he finds that a stratospherically dimmed world would show increased plant productivity in the tropics, but lessened plant growth across the northerly latitudes of America, Europe and Asia. It is easy to see how there might be geopolitical shifts associated with changes in regional food production across the globe. "It's probably the poor tropics that stand to benefit and the rich north that stands to lose," said Prof Caldeira.
Hence, given that the results would be detrimental to the "rich north," which by far and away has pumped more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than the "poor tropics," the results of geoengineering would indeed be karmic.
In the United States, California's epic drought continues to lead in the water sector of analysis.
For the first time in California's history, mandatory water use reductions have been imposed on residents after a winter of record-low snowfalls, and hence a record-low snowpack. "People should realize we are in a new era," Gov. Jerry Brown said at a news conference there in April, standing on a patch of brown and green grass that would normally be thick with snow that time of year. "The idea of your nice little green lawn getting watered every day, those days are past."
Climate scientists also recently announced, disconcertingly, that California's record-breaking drought is merely a preview of future ACD-generated megadroughts.
Shortly after Brown announced the mandatory water restrictions for his state, another study was released showing that California will also be facing more extreme heat waves, along with rising seas, caused by increasingly intense impacts from ACD. According to the study, the average number of days with temperatures reaching 95 degrees will double or even triple by the end of this century. Simultaneously, at least $19 billion worth of coastal property will literally disappear as sea levels continue to rise.
Experts also announced in April that in "drought-era" California, "every day" should now be considered "fire season." NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory climatologist Bill Patzert said of California, "We are in an incendiary situation."
California's state climatologist, Michael Anderson, issued a very stark warning in April when he said the state faces dust bowl-like conditions, as he compared the water crisis in California to the legendary US dustbowl. "You're looking on numbers that are right on par with what was the Dust Bowl," he said.
As aforementioned, this year's dry, warm winter has left the entire western United States snowpack at record-low levels. Given that this is a critical source of fresh surface water for the entire region, this will only exacerbate the already critical water shortages that are plaguing the region.
One ramification of this is exampled by how the once-powerful Rio Grande River has been reduced to a mere trickle still hundreds of miles from its destination at the end of its 1,900-mile journey to the Gulf of Mexico, thanks to the increasing impacts of ACD. Farmers and residents who rely on it for water are in deep trouble.
And it's not just California and the US Southwest that are dealing with major water shortages. The Government Accountability Office recently released a report showing that 40 out of the 50 US states will face a water shortage within the next 10 years.
Meanwhile, up in Alaska, that state's iconic Iditarod sled dog race has been reduced to having mushers have their dogs drag their sleds across large swaths of mud that spanned over 100 miles in some areas, due to warmer temperatures there melting snow and ice that used to cover the course. "I love the challenge, being able to overcome anything on the trail," said four-time winner Martin Buser of the new conditions. "But if this is a new normal, I'm not sure I can sustain it."
In this writer's backyard, glaciers are melting away at dramatic rates in Olympic National Park. Pictures tell the story, which was also addressed in detail recently at a talk given at the park by University of Washington research professor Michelle Koutnik, who was part of a team monitoring the park's Blue Glacier. By way of example, an entire section of the lower Blue Glacier that existed in 1989 was completely gone by 2008, and melt rates are increasing. A sobering "before and after" look at the photographic evidence should not be missed.
A recent study gave another grim report on glaciers, this one focusing on Canada where glaciers in British Columbia and Alberta are projected to shrink by at least 70 percent by the end of this century, and of course ACD was noted as the main driving force behind the change. "Most of that is going to go," one of the researchers said of Canada's glaciers. "And most seems to be on its way out."
A study recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences has found that as the Arctic Ocean warms and loses its sea ice cover, phytoplankton populations will explode. This creates another positive feedback loop for ACD, as it further amplifies warming in a region that is already heating up twice as fast as the rest of the globe.
On the other end of the water spectrum, rising seas continue to afflict Venice, where the city is seeing dramatic changes. According to a recent report: "In the 1920s, there were about 400 incidents of acqua alta, or high water, when the right mix of tides and winds drives the liquid streets up into homes and shops in the lowers parts of the city. By the 1990s, there were 2,400 incidents – and new records are set every year."
An April report shows that ACD is predicted to bring more fires and less snow to the iconic Yellowstone National Park. These changes will likely fuel catastrophic wildfires, cause declines in mountain snows and threaten the survival of animals and plants, according to the scientists who authored the report. It shows that expected warming over the US West over the next three decades will transform the land in and around Yellowstone from a wetter, mostly forested Rocky Mountain ecosystem into a more open landscape, more akin to the arid US Southwest.
"Ecological Implications of Climate Change on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem," compiled by more than 20 university and government scientists, said that such dry conditions in that area have not been seen for the last 10,000 years, and extremely destructive wildfires like the one in 1988 that burned thousands of acres of the park are going to become more common, while years without major fires will become rare.
The climate disruption deniers have been barking loudly over the last month, which should be expected as irrefutable evidence of ACD continues in an avalanche.
Following Florida's lead, Wisconsin officially became the next state to censor its employees' work regarding climate disruption. Wisconsin has banned its employees from working on ACD, after Florida banned the use of the terms "climate change" and "global warming."
Perhaps this is what played a role in inspiring acclaimed astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson to proclaim that politicians denying science is "the beginning of the end of an informed democracy."
Facing a loss of high-profile corporate sponsors, the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), now tired of being accused of ACD denial, has threatened action against activist groups that accuse it of denying ACD. This "action" could come in the form of lawsuits.
The Yale Project on Climate Change Communication released very interesting county-by-county maps of the United States, which show the various levels of ACD denial across the country and are worth examining.
Not to be outdone by fellow Republican ACD-denying presidential candidates, Marco Rubio voluntarily donned the dunce cap by stating that scientists have not determined what percentage of ACD is due to human activities compared to natural climate variability, and added brilliantly, "climate is always changing."
This year has seen us cross yet another milestone in the Arctic – this one being that sea ice covering the top of the world reached the lowest maximum extent yet observed during the winter. This means, ominously, that in just the last four years Arctic sea ice has seen a new low both for its seasonal winter peak (2015) and for its summer minimum (2012). While most sane people would see this as a gut-wrenching fact to have to process emotionally, Robert Molnar, the CEO of the Sailing the Arctic Race, is busily planning an "extreme yacht race" for the summer and fall of 2017 there. "The more ice that's being melted, the more free water is there for us to be sailing," he said.
In stark contrast, US Secretary of State John Kerry is visiting the Arctic amid concerns over the melting ice, and some of the mainstream media, in this case The Washington Post, are running op-eds claiming that ACD deniers are actually now in retreat due to their own outlandish comments.
In a historic move, even oil giant BP's shareholders voted overwhelmingly to support a resolution that would force the company to disclose some of its ACD-related risks.
Also on the reality front, recently released analysis shows that densely populated Asian islands and countries like Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines are likely to face even more intense climatic events in the future.
Another report, this one titled "An Era of Extreme Weather" by the Center for American Progress, shows that major weather events across the United States in 2014 cost an estimated $19 billion and caused at least 65 human fatalities. The report also shows that over the last four years, extreme weather events in the US caused 1,286 fatalities and $227 billion in economic losses spanning 44 states.
US President Barack Obama formally submitted to the UN a commitment to reduce US greenhouse gas emissions by up to 28 percent below 2005 levels by 2025. Critics believe this is far too little, too late, but at least it is a move in the right direction.
In an interesting twist of fate, while many Florida Republican lawmakers are busily denying ACD, other Florida Republicans are busy working to protect their state's coastal areas from rising seas resulting from advancing ACD.
Lastly in this month's dispatch, a recently published study shows that acidic oceans helped fuel the largest mass extinction event in the history of the planet, which wiped out approximately 90 percent of all life on earth.
The carbon released that was one of the primary drivers of that extinction event was found to have been released at a similar rate to modern emissions. Dr. Matthew Clarkson, one of the authors of the study, commented: "Scientists have long suspected that an ocean acidification event occurred during the greatest mass extinction of all time, but direct evidence has been lacking until now. This is a worrying finding, considering that we can already see an increase in ocean acidity today that is the result of human carbon emissions."
Anthropocene Defaunation, Capitalist Ecological Violence, Earth-Human Systems instability, Ecological Destruction, Ecological Systems Failure, Environmental Pollution, GDP, Global Environmental Crisis, Globalization, Growth-Based Economic System, Hyperconsumption, Hypermaterialism, Market Based Economy, Mass Die-Offs, Mass Mortality Events
Scientific Analysis Find Rise In Rapid, Catastrophic, Animal Die-Offs Over The Past 75 Years
Oldspeak: "Hmm. Curious. The oceans are dying. Scientists have found greater proportions of these die offs among birds, fish, and invertebrates, who just happen to spend most of their time in the oceans. This data also correlates closely with the what many scientists call "The Great Acceleration"; the time around 1950 to present, characterized by relentless and ever-increasing levels of human consumption and population and GDP growth. Coincidence? Probably not. All is intimately connected." -OSJ
By Sarah Yang @ Science Daily:
An analysis of 727 mass die-offs of nearly 2,500 animal species from the past 70 years has found that such events are increasing among birds, fish and marine invertebrates. At the same time, the number of individuals killed appears to be decreasing for reptiles and amphibians, and unchanged for mammals.
Such mass mortality events occur when a large percentage of a population dies in a short time frame. While the die-offs are rare and fall short of extinction, they can pack a devastating punch, potentially killing more than 90 percent of a population in one shot. However, until this study, there had been no quantitative analysis of the patterns of mass mortality events among animals, the study authors noted.
"This is the first attempt to quantify patterns in the frequency, magnitude and cause of such mass kill events," said study senior author Stephanie Carlson, an associate professor at the University of California, Berkeley's Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management.
The study, published Monday, Jan. 12 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, was led by researchers at UC Berkeley, the University of San Diego and Yale University.
The researchers reviewed incidents of mass kills documented in scientific literature. Although they came across some sporadic studies dating back to the 1800s, the analysis focused on the period from 1940 to the present. The researchers acknowledged that some of their findings may be due to an increase in the reporting of mass die-offs in recent decades. But they noted that even after accounting for some of this reporting bias, there was still an increase in mass die-offs for certain animals.
Overall, disease was the primary culprit, accounting for 26 percent of the mass die-offs. Direct effects tied to humans, such as environmental contamination, caused 19 percent of the mass kills. Biotoxicity triggered by events such as algae blooms accounted for a significant proportion of deaths, and processes directly influenced by climate — including weather extremes, thermal stress, oxygen stress or starvation — collectively contributed to about 25 percent of mass mortality events.
The most severe events were those with multiple causes, the study found.
Carlson, a fish ecologist, and her UC Berkeley graduate students had observed such die-offs in their studies of fish in California streams and estuaries, originally piquing their interest in the topic.
"The catastrophic nature of sudden, mass die-offs of animal populations inherently captures human attention," said Carlson. "In our studies, we have come across mass kills of federal fish species during the summer drought season as small streams dry up. The majority of studies we reviewed were of fish. When oxygen levels are depressed in the water column, the impact can affect a variety of species."
The study found that the number of mass mortality events has been increasing by about one event per year over the 70 years the study covered.
"While this might not seem like much, one additional mass mortality event per year over 70 years translates into a considerable increase in the number of these events being reported each year," said study co-lead author Adam Siepielski, an assistant professor of biology at the University of San Diego. "Going from one event to 70 each year is a substantial increase, especially given the increased magnitudes of mass mortality events for some of these organisms.
This study suggests that in addition to monitoring physical changes such as changes in temperature and precipitation patterns, it is important to document the biological response to regional and global environmental change. The researchers highlighted ways to improve documentation of such events in the future, including the possible use of citizen science to record mass mortality events in real time.
"The initial patterns are a bit surprising, in terms of the documented changes to frequencies of occurrences, magnitudes of each event and the causes of mass mortality," said study co-lead author Samuel Fey, a postdoctoral fellow in ecology and evolutionary biology at Yale. "Yet these data show that we have a lot of room to improve how we document and study these types of rare events."
Funding from the Environmental Protection Agency and the National Science Foundation helped support this research.


Are you aware of how you affect others?
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The Zero Waste Cookbook is the complete guide to how you can make your food stretch further in order to reduce your waste. From using a husk of corn to make a vegetable stock, to using lemon zest to infuse vodka, or sunflower seeds to add crunch to bread, Giovanna Torrico and Amelia Wasiliev cover over 100 simple and creative recipes that make delicious use of the food that usually goes to waste. With chapters on fruit, vegetables, bread, dairy, meat and fish, this book covers everything you need to know about how to make the most out of your weekly shop.
Food stylist and author Amelia Wasiliev comes from a long line of food lovers. This is her second book. Giovanna Torrico is a pastry chef, caterer and this is also her second book.


sharp, good, great and first.
This product had a total of 238 reviews as of our last analysis date on Apr 6 2019.
Perfect sharp knifes Spooky sharp.
The belt tracking adjustment is much better imo.
Difficult to not make a clamshell grind.
The fastener hub might be fixable with some mild loctite and the belts might last longer than i expect so these issues could be minor and shouldn't discourage anybody from buying this product.
This is how the machine should have come.
To my surprise the motor said it was rated for fifty odd minutes right on it.
So now the attachment and belts are useless.
Factory edges have nothing on what i can make them with this product.
I got the ken onion specifically for this attachment, i didn't even use the original attachment.


This books helps you to appreciate your hidden potentials and their place of relevance accross divers spectrum of careers. It helps guide you to appropriate careers where you could easily make a mark and earn a living. It helps inspire you to repackage yourself for hiring, even in places where you have not been able to see vacancies, thereby creating job openings for yourself where there had been none. It is the ideal book for creating a job or business for yourself in a turbulent world .


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Geospatial data in transportation and route planning
Reach any place in the UAE easily, using the navigation apps. The Seniar app helps you find popular sites and various tourist attractions by using the Makani number, Onwani number, postal code or the name of the destination you want to visit. Smart Drive provides on-board route planning and exploration, which operates without mobile Internet connection.
Seniar
Darb
Smart Drive
Seniar is the first unified navigation app across the UAE. Residents and tourists can search destinations and various attractions by Makani number, Onwani number, postal code or the name of the destination. The app provides motorists with easy-to-follow, accurate directions to their destinations, cutting down travel time and distance. You can download the app from App Store and Google Play.
In Abu Dhabi, the Darb website, uses the Geographical Information System (GIS) and helps users to access fast, up-to-date and reliable information on driving directions, car travel maps, bus travel maps (bus routes and bus stops), bus terminals, points of interest (ATMs, petrol stations, hospitals etc.), ferry routes and timings. Darb also provides information on all airports in the UAE, with particular emphasis on details about the airports in the emirate of Abu Dhabi and related facilities such as passenger terminals and parking locations. The Darb application is available on Google Play and App Store.
Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) launched Smart Drive, an on-board route planning and exploration app, which operates without mobile Internet connection. RTA Smart Drive App provides turn-by-turn voice and visual instruction, automatic re-routing and speed limit alerts while displaying points of interest along the drive. Smart Drive is available on Google Play and App Store.
In April 2015, Dubai Government launched the Makani (my location) system. Makani is Dubai's smart addressing system. Under this system, each building would be assigned a unique 10-digit number that can be used to search the location through Google and HERE maps. In addition, in 2016, Dubai Government divided the emirate into 14 districts. Each district was given a name for identification.
Next topic Transportation and Vision 2021
Prev topic FAQs about transportation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home News 391/392 bus service now suspended
391/392 bus service now suspended
Poynton Conservatives have condemned the decision by Cheshire East Council to "suspend" the 391/392 bus service from Poynton to Stockport and Macclesfield. This will mean that Poynton has no bus service.
Your Poynton Councillors – Jos Saunders, Nicky Wylie, Mike Beanland and Mike Sewart – believe the 391/392 bus provides a vital service. It is the only public transport between Poynton and Hazel Grove, Stepping Hill Hospital and destinations along the A6 into Stockport. Going south, it runs through Adlington, Bollington and Tytherington.
Poynton Conservatives have campaigned over recent years to maintain a bus service from Poynton to Stockport and Macclesfield. We were always supported by the previous Conservative administration at Cheshire East – but the council is now run by a Liberal and Independent cabinet, under the leader, Cllr S Corcoran (Labour) and his deputy, Cllr C Browne (Independent).
The cabinet member with specific responsibility for public transport is Cllr Browne. He has claimed that the 391/392 bus had to be suspended because the company that operated the service had gone out of business. However, this raises several questions:
1. The previous operator announced they were closing in February, giving two months' notice. This company also provided bus services in Stockport – but Transport for Greater Manchester were able to find a new operator – why could Cheshire East not do the same?
2. Why did Cllr Browne agree to suspend all Poynton's buses? The coronavirus situation has reduced passengers, but some key workers use the service. There is still a need for at least a limited bus service. Nowhere else in Cheshire East has had all its buses "suspended".
3. Why was proper notice not given, so users could try to make alternative arrangements? Cheshire East made a low-key announcement just four working days before the service was "suspended".
Poynton Conservatives will continue to campaign to restore Poynton's bus services. In the meantime, essential workers who rely on the 391/392 bus should email: transportpolicy@transportservicesolutions.co.uk
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Cotton Oxford. Point Collar. 7-Button Closure. Angled Cuts in Cuffs.
Sharp, timeless, and a surefire way to complement your formal outfit, this dress shirt is constructed from a heavyset oxford material in a cool, aquamarine colourway. A thick, durable point collar and angled cuts in the cuffs provide a crisp finish. Try wearing as a standalone piece with a matching tie and wool trousers to emphasise on the upscale quality of this shirt.


Whale phishing: the latest threat to email security.
Whaling, or whale phishing, is a kind of phishing attack where hackers target executives and high profile end users, using social-engineering tactics to trick them into initiating financial transactions or divulging sensitive information. By targeting these "big fish", whale phishing attacks take advantage of employees who have access to highly valuable or competitive information.
Whale phishing is on the rise in the U. S., with whaling attack scams up to 270% from January to August 2015 and more than $800 billion in business losses in the six months after August 20151. The most sophisticated whale phishing attacks are often more difficult to detect than standard phishing schemes because they rely solely on social-engineering to trick their targets and don't contain a malicious hyperlink or weaponized attachment.
In this new threat environment, whaling security requires innovative solutions to prevent CEO fraud and protect the organization.
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BA, San Francisco State University
MS, University of California at Berkeley
Senior Fellow, John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University
Governor's Appointee, Chair and Vice Chair, California Water Commission (2003 – 2005)
Department of the Army, Superior Civilian Service Award
Board of Directors, Water Education Foundation (2001 – Present)
wyep@dawsonassociates.com
Walter Yep
Walter's expertise in engineering stems from nearly 15 years service in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Sacramento District).
During his tenure as Chief, Planning Division, Walter oversaw a dramatic expansion that resulted in his division becoming the largest worldwide. He directed the Corps civil and military planning in California and five other Western states, supervising more than 100 engineers, scientists, economists and other professionals.
During this time, Walter also administered the agency's largest Continuing Authorities Program, which included flood control, water supply and environmental restoration projects.
Walter's division received the Chief of Engineers Environmental Design Award for work at the Hamilton Army Air Force Base. This is the only time this award has been achieved in the 60-year history of the Sacramento District.
More than 30 years of civil and military planning experience with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
Principal Corps of Engineers Representative to CALFED, the Federal-State board in charge of mitigating California's water problems
Chief, Economics Branch for the South Pacific Division (San Francisco)
Senior Advisor for the Pacific, United Nations, Suva, Fiji


The terms "association" and "non-governmental organization" - as with all terms found in universal and regional human rights treaties, soft-law instruments, and political undertakings (hereafter "universal and regional human rights standards") - have an autonomous meaning. National provisions cannot, therefore, be conclusive in determining whether or not an entity, whatever its institutional form, is a non-governmental organization for the purpose of the universal and regional standards that apply to them.
Although many non-governmental organizations will have a membership, this is not an essential characteristic of them. However, as already noted (see International Guarantees: General and Specific) those non-governmental organizations that are not membership-based cannot rely on universal and regional human rights standards concerning freedom of association. See Paragraph 2 of the Council of Europe's Recommendation CM/Rec(2007)14 on the legal status of NGOs in Europe.
AA particular body will only be regarded as a non-governmental organization for the purpose of universal and regional human rights standards where it not only has a defined objective but also has a degree of stability as regards its existence. Thus, it should be more than a mere gathering of people desirous of sharing each other's company; it must have some kind of institutional (but not necessarily formal) structure. See S B v. United Kingdom (decision), 13 May 1988, McFeeley v. United Kingdom (decision), 15 May 1980 and Djavit An v. Turkey, 20 February 2003.
The holding of various forms of protest action, such as demonstrations and public meetings, will not be sufficient to constitute those involved as a non-governmental organization since such action is, despite its organized character, still essentially ephemeral in nature. However, protest action – which is protected by the right to freedom of assembly – is an important activity often undertaken by non-governmental organizations. See Friend and Countryside Alliance and Others v. United Kingdom (decision), 24 November 2009.
In many instances, non-governmental organizations will be bodies with a formal status – namely, ones with legal personality - and the option of acquiring legal personality should always be available to those who wish to establish a non-governmental organization unless it can clearly be demonstrated that the lack of such personality will not impede the pursuit of the organization's activities. However, universal and regional human rights standards also require that it be possible to establish entities of an informal character so long as they have, or are meant to have, more than a fleeting existence. See Paragraph 3 of the Council of Europe's Recommendation CM/Rec(2007)14 on the legal status of NGOs in Europe, Sidiropoulos and Others v. Greece, 10 July 1998, Gorzelik and Others v. Poland, 17 February 2004, Stankov and United Macedonian Organisation 'Ilinden' v. Bulgaria, (decision), 29 June 1998 and Zvozskov et al. v. Belarus, 17 October 2006.
It should be up to those establishing an organization to decide whether it will have legal personality or be something more informal. Therefore, states cannot provide that non-governmental organizations can only be established as entities with legal personality. However, this does not mean that certain institutional forms - including the acquisition of legal personality – cannot be required for non-governmental organizations in order to enjoy particular benefits, such as exemption from certain forms of taxation. See Paragraph 3 of the Council of Europe's Recommendation CM/Rec(2007)14 on the legal status of NGOs in Europe.
Non-governmental organizations must either be entirely non-profit-making or use any profits derived from trading or other commercial activities solely for the pursuit of their objectives. Therefore, such profits must not be distributed to their members, if there are any. An organization that is in essence commercial cannot be regarded as a non-governmental organization. See Paragraph 1 of the Council of Europe's Recommendation CM/Rec(2007)14 on the legal status of NGOs in Europe and Cēsnieks v Latvia (decision), 12 December 2002.
However, non-governmental organizations may still be established to advance the interests of their membership (if they have one) in other ways, whether economic, moral, physical, social, or spiritual.
Universal and regional human rights standards do not treat political parties as non-governmental organizations, although political parties are protected by the right to freedom of association. See Paragraph 1 of the Council of Europe's Recommendation CM/Rec(2007)14 on the legal status of NGOs in Europe.
Similarly, bodies that are established by law and that members of professions (such as architects, doctors, and lawyers) are required to belong to rather than choose to belong to will not normally be regarded as non-governmental organizations protected by universal and regional human rights standards specifically relating to non-governmental organizations. See Le Compte, Van Leuven and De Meyere v. Belgium, 23 June 1981 and O V R v. Russia (decision), 3 April 2001.
A similar view will be taken of other entities membership of which is required for regulatory or institutional reasons, such as chambers of commerce, hunting associations, student unions, tenants' unions, and works councils. See Weiss v. Austria (decision), 10 July 1991, Johansson v. Sweden (decision), 17 January 1996, M A v. Sweden (decision), 14 January 1998, Langborger v. Sweden, 22 June 1989 and Karakurt v. Austria (decision), 14 September 1999.
However, a body that is established pursuant to a legislative requirement that operates autonomously and does not in substance have the characteristics of a public body will be treated as a non-governmental organization for the purpose of universal and regional human rights standards. See Sigurdur A Sigurjónsson v. Iceland, 30 June 1993 and Chassagnou and Others v. France, 29 April 1999.


Miss Tourism Kyrgyzstan, Zhamilia Ishenbaeva at Ala-Too Square. The square was built in 1984 to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Kyrgyz SSR, at which time a massive statue of Lenin was placed in the square's center. The statue of Lenin was moved in 2003 to a smaller square in the city, and a new statue called Erkindik (Freedom) was installed in its place.


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The Art World's New Darling
Story from New York
Erin Cunningham
Being a child of a celebrity can be a curse rather than a blessing. Will people take you seriously? Will anyone believe that hard work — and not familial connections — is responsible for your success? Is it possible to become a recognized figure for your own talent when your mother is one of the world's most powerful musicians? At only 22 years old, Tali Lennox has heaps of career experience under her paint-splattered apron. She's an accomplished model, having worked for the likes of Prada, Topshop, and Burberry — and now she's made a professional transition to the art world, working to establish herself as an esteemed painter in New York's dog-eat-dog gallery scene. Oh, and she's the daughter of Annie Lennox and her second husband, Uri Fruchtmann.
Photographed by Winnie Au.
As she prepares for her first solo show, "Layers of Life," Lennox has up and moved herself into Soho's Catherine Ahnell Gallery, where she's been living and working for the past month. When we meet, she's dressed in flared jeans, a loose white tee, and platform shoes, and she's so leggy, so naturally stunning, the first thing I find myself wondering is, Why would this girl ever give up modeling? But, as we review her paintings — a series of bold yet intimate self-portraits — I learn she is far from the New York-by-way-of-London It Girl you might expect her to be; in fact, she's working, stroke-by-stroke, to break that celebrity child curse. You began your career as a model at 17. Tell me about the experience of being so young in the fashion industry.
"I started out like every other new face, just going to lots and lots of castings. Everything took off when I had a good show season; it was nuts. I remember being in the lineup for shows like Miu Miu and Roberto Cavalli and being surrounded by the most beautiful girls; I was in the midst of fashion chaos, and it all felt very surreal. I had never planned to do modeling, though, so I always found myself thinking, What am I doing here?!" What did you learn most from that time in your life?
"Modeling involved lots of traveling alone — new cities each week, new teams at every job. It taught me how to be more independent and how to manage myself. I would spend weeks at a time in different countries where I didn't know anyone, so I spent a lot of my free time wandering alone to museums, parks, and restaurants, trying to make the best of having such an unconventional lifestyle. I don't mind being alone, which is why I enjoy the solitary process of painting."
Why did you choose to leave the modeling industry when it seemed like your career was on the rise?
"I think when you start modeling as a teenager and then get to 19, you naïvely feel like you have been working in the industry for ages; you really don't realize how young you are and how much more time you actually have. "I never fully 'left' the industry. I just felt like I needed to rediscover what I wanted to build in my life outside of modeling. I didn't finish high school, and I never went to university, so I wanted to develop myself in a career where I could do something that fulfilled me creatively. Being an artist and doing modeling is a fantastic balance. I spend so much time alone with my work that doing a fun shoot, being extroverted, and dressing up alongside a big team really refreshes me and gets me out of my own head." How would you compare being a model with being an artist? Are they the same in some ways? Different?
"As an artist, you are the creator, whereas being a model, you're a part of someone else's creation. With art, none of it is about the way you look. I spend some days in the same scruffy outfit with no makeup on and paint smears on my skin. It's not about me, it's about the canvas. With modeling, you have to take care of your appearance — you are the canvas." Did you have childhood dreams of becoming an artist? What are some of your earliest creative memories?
"Yes, I've always been very creative. When I was about 3 or 4, I used to be obsessed with cutting paper into patterns and shapes with scissors. For as long as I can remember, I always sketched; my school books were plastered in doodles. It's something I have always done to dive into a state of focus — for that moment, time stops and you become unaware of the outside world and totally absorbed with what you are making. "My grandmother Mirjam was an artist; she mainly did sculpture, and she is someone who has inspired me so much and constantly told me I was an artist. Sadly, she passed in September, but we always had the most amazing correspondence and connection with art. Even when I was very busy with modeling, she would tell me, 'Go to art school! You're an artist!' I create my art with her in mind."
Why did you choose to photograph and paint yourself in this series? Is there some element of self-reflection or discovery?
"I actually chose to do self-portraits as a reaction to social media and the Internet. I'm ironically calling my self-portraits my 'selfies,' because rather than using a cell phone (which is instant) I am taking my time on each detail in a very old-fashioned medium of oil paint. I'm digging deeper to expose elements of human nature that we all relate to but are able to mask online, which is strangely becoming more real and important to many people than the actual world. "I want to expose gluttony, aggression, and our inner child. We are constantly putting out fragments of ourselves online for other people to judge. And, I find the whole phenomenon fascinating. Psychologically, we manipulate how we want to be perceived and judged by others. I'm not against it; I do it just like everyone else. But, I think it's important to remember that the Internet isn't real life. I think it's crucial to be honest with ourselves and get in touch with all the facets of our being, even the parts we are embarrassed to share. "We are human. We are not a profile page. You can't add a filter to real life. I don't want to be pessimistic; I simply want to be honest."
Your mother is an artist in her own right, just through a different medium. How has she inspired and influenced you to become the woman — and artist — you are today?
"Absolutely. She is the most authentic, genuine, and passionate woman I know. She is a true artist through and through. She has never made music for fame and attention; her intentions are purely to express herself and share her creativity. We are very similar in the way we think, feel, and see the world. "Artistically, it's beautiful to have a person that you can connect with in that way. She brought me up showing me art and encouraging my creativity, as did my father, who is equally as inspiring to me." She is not just recognized for her musical success but for her fashion sense as well. How would you describe your personal style?
"Well, there's me when I'm painting, which is no style at all: It's a stained smock, baggy jeans, and an old T-shirt. When I pay attention to my outfits, I love to be eclectic and wear a lot of vintage and retro pieces. I always like to wear color and hats, elements that add spark and nostalgia to a look. Sometimes there's a touch of kitsch, with glittery sunglasses or pink polka dots. And, sometimes there's a little bit of masculinity, like black brogues or a suit."
Have you found it difficult for people to take you seriously in a career because of your upbringing?
"I am aware that people will — and do — assume a lot about me if they don't know me. There's a clear stereotype for the 'daughter of,' 'model-slash-something' types. But, I know who I am, and those who know me know who I am and my values. I work hard at progressing in my craft, because I know I will not have fulfillment without pushing myself. And, that's all that really matters. "When I stupidly glance over some cruel and critical comments online, I realize that these people have no direct effect over my life. However, I do feel like I have pushed myself even more to try and prove that I'm not a cliché. Quite a few people have told me that they originally thought, 'Oh! A model doing art? It's probably a bit of rubbish.' But, when they saw that I paint with a fine-arts style that takes time and commitment, rather than a quick abstract piece or stenciled street art, they were pleasantly surprised. "It's nice to hear when people have nice things to say about my work, but ultimately, I try not to care what other people think. I'm not Angelina Jolie or anything; I wouldn't care too much about me either. I'm just a young woman doing what I love and living my life in a way that I think works best for me."
Annie Lennox Daughter Artist Interview
New York • Entertainment • The Latest
written by Erin Cunningham
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Eurobites: Ultraleap jumps into bed with Qualcomm for 5G-supported 'XR'
News Analysis Paul Rainford, Assistant Editor, Europe 8/26/2020
Also in today's EMEA regional roundup: Virgin Media offers cheaper broadband to welfare recipients; Deutsche Telekom trumpets new cloud tool; management pay freeze at Telenor.
Virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality – collectively known these days, apparently, as extended reality (XR) – have long been touted as great potential applications for 5G. Now, Ultraleap, a company based in Bristol, UK, has forged a multi-year partnership with US chipmaker Qualcomm which will see the Ultraleap's hand-tracking technology, Gemini, pre-integrated and optimized on Qualcomm's 5G-supported XR2 5G reference design platform. Ultraleap's hand-tracking technology has been developed over ten years using artificial intelligence, and has applications in a range of industries, including extended reality, automotive, digital signage, industrial automation and consumer electronics.
With the economic ravages caused by coronavirus pandemic very much in mind, UK cable operator Virgin Media is to launch a new broadband service in the fall aimed specifically at those receiving Universal Credit, a form of welfare payment for those out of work on a low income. The plan, called Virgin Media Essential Broadband, offers a respectable 15 Mbit/s for a fixed price of £15 a month, with no fixed-term contract length and a guarantee that no price hikes will be imposed while welfare payments are being received. Initially the service will be only be available to existing Virgin Media customers, who will have to provide proof of their Universal Credit status before gaining access to it.
Deutsche Telekom has launched a new tool, the Cloud Topology Designer (CTD), which the operator says allows developers and cloud architects to build software applications using "drag and drop" techniques. In the past, says the operator, it would take "weeks if not months" to customize applications to new cloud infrastructures, but the CTD accelerates this to a matter of minutes. The CTD is free for Open Telekom Cloud customers; they pay only for the resources they put together and use.
A whole raft of senior management execs at Norway's Telenor may have to put that planned fortnight in Mauritius on hold next year as it has been decided that they will be subject to a pay freeze, or to put it in the almost cruelly well-chosen words of the company statement, a "salary adjustment" of "0 percent." The policy affects 125 bigwigs across various Telenor business units.
Ericsson is getting involved with UNICEF's Giga project to improve schools' connectivity worldwide, bringing an unspecified amount of cash as well as resources for data engineering and data science capacity to accelerate school connectivity mapping. Specifically, Ericsson will assist with the collection, validation, analysis, monitoring and visual representation of real-time school connectivity data, in the hope that this will help governments and the private sector to design digital offerings that promote learning.
Facebook is to launch its "news service," which combines proper original reporting with aggregated content from trustworthy sources (rather than promoting the fake-news views of mad-as-a-snake, tin-hat-wearing conspiracy theorists and/or malevolent "state actors") in Germany and the UK. As Reuters reports, the social media giant currently pays US publishers for content and carries original reporting from more than 200 outlets.
— Paul Rainford, Assistant Editor, Europe, Light Reading
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Notes: US Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said Thursday he hopes for "productive" trade meetings in China, as the 2 countries work to hammer out an agreement to resolve their trade dispute. The talks, scheduled to run through Friday, follow 3 days of deputy-level meetings to work out technical details, including a mechanism for enforcing any trade agreement.
Gold: Gold prices higher Thursday as soft US inflation data raised expectations that the Fed will pause rate hikes this year, while investors were looking for developments in trade talks between Washington and Beijing.
Silver + 0.5% at $15.64.
US consumer prices were unchanged for a 3rd month running in January, leading to the smallest annual increase in inflation in more than 1.5 years, which could allow the Fed to hold interest rates steady for a while.
Energy: Crude Oil prices rose Thursday, buoyed by hopes that potential progress in the latest US-China tariff talks would improve the global economic outlook.
ICE Brent Crude Oil futures +37c, or 0.6%, at $63.98 bbl.
Markets were supported by upbeat Chinese trade data, including Crude Oil.
Equities: Japan's Nikkei share average pulled back from 2-month highs to end flat Thursday, as investors took a breather from recent rallies and as some earnings disappointments capped the broader market.
The Nikkei edged down 0.02% to 21,139.71 after rising to 21,235.62, its highest since 18 December.
Currencies: USD held near 3 month highs Vs EUR Thursday, supported by sustained strength in core US inflation and weaker-than-expected data from EU. The single currency was trading below the psych mark of $1.13 at $1.1283. Earlier in the session, it hit an intra-day low of $1.1245.


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