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Biological Conservation
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Biological Conservation is a leading international journal in the discipline of conservation science. The journal publishes articles spanning a diverse range of fields that contribute to the biological, sociological, ethical and economic dimensions of conservation. The primary aim of Biological Conservation is the publication of high-quality papers that advance the science and practice of conservation, or which demonstrate the application of conservation principles and policy. Biological Conservation invites the submission of research articles, reviews (including systematic reviews and perspectives), short communications, policy perspectives, and letters to the editor dealing with all aspects of conservation science, including theoretical and empirical investigations into the consequences of human actions for the diversity, structure and function of terrestrial, aquatic or marine ecosystems. Such papers may include quantitative assessments of extinction risk, fragmentation effects, spread of invasive organisms, conservation genetics, conservation management, global change effects on biodiversity, landscape or reserve design and management, restoration ecology, or resource economics. We also welcome papers coming from social sciences including those reporting on advances in conservation politics, ethics, policy, human social structure and biodiversity, and political culture among other subjects. Biological Conservation covers interdisciplinary topics within conservation biology and also provides practical applications of conservation research for land/resource managers and policy makers. We publish articles and thematic special issues that have a global relevance in terms of the topics or issues addressed, and thus demonstrate applications of conservation science and management beyond the specific system or species studied.Biological Conservation is an affiliate publication of the Society for Conservation Biology (SCB). SCB members can obtain a personal subscription to this journal through the Society.
Authors are also welcome to submit to the Journal?s open access companion title, Global Ecology and Conservation, which covers all sub-disciplines of ecological and conservation science.
• Your Paper Your Way
• Types of paper
• Submission checklist
• Ethics in publishing
• Policy and Ethics
• Declaration of competing interest
• Submission declaration and verification
• Use of inclusive language
• Author contributions
• Changes to authorship
• Copyright
• Role of the funding source
• Open access
• Submission
• Referees
• Additional Information
• Queries
• NEW SUBMISSIONS
• Peer review
• Double anonymized review
• REVISED SUBMISSIONS
• Cover letter
• Article structure
• Essential title page information
• Highlights
• Abstract
• Keywords
• Nomenclature and Units
• Artwork
• Tables
• Data visualization
• Supplementary material
• Research data
AFTER ACCEPTANCE
• Online proof correction
• Offprints
AUTHOR INQUIRIES
Your Paper Your Way
We now differentiate between the requirements for new and revised submissions. You may choose to submit your manuscript as a single Word or PDF file to be used in the refereeing process. Only when your paper is at the revision stage, will you be requested to put your paper in to a 'correct format' for acceptance and provide the items required for the publication of your article.
To find out more, please visit the Preparation section below.
Please read all information carefully and follow the instructions in detail when preparing your manuscript.
Manuscripts that are not prepared according to our guidelines will be sent back to authors without review.
Biological Conservation encourages the submission of high-quality manuscripts that advance the science and practice of conservation, or which demonstrate the application of conservation principles and policy. Conservation implications should be clearly emphasized and discussed. Given the broad international readership of the journal, published articles should have global relevance in terms of the topics or issues addressed, and thus demonstrate applications for conservation beyond the specific system or species studied.
Types of paper
Word counts include text, references, figures and tables. Each figure or table should be considered equal to 300 words.
1. Full length articles (Research papers)
Research papers report the results of original research. The material must not have been previously published elsewhere. Full length articles are up to 8,000 words.
2. Review articles
Reviews summarize the status of research in a field of current interest. They may be submitted or invited. Review articles are up to 12,000 words and must include a methods section explaining how the literature for review was selected. We also consider Systematic Reviews, which apply a methodology to synthesize and appraise the scientific evidence on a specific question or hypothesis. More about systematic reviews can be found here: http://www.environmentalevidence.org/information-for-authors.
3. Perspectives:
These articles provide an opportunity for authors to present a novel, distinctive viewpoint on any subject within the journal's scope. The article should be well grounded in evidence and adequately supported by citations but may focus on a stimulating and thought-provoking line of argument that represents a significant advance in thinking about conservation problems and solutions. Perspectives articles should not exceed 8000 words.
Short communications highlight both novel research and replication studies that report preliminary findings that are particularly compelling and highly relevant to conservation science and practice. If submitting a replication study, please include in your cover letter the rationale for undertaking the study. Short communications should not exceed 4,000 words.
5. Policy Analysis
These are short commentary pieces on contemporary, internationally relevant conservation or conservation-related policy issues that enable researchers, policy makers, and practitioners to make timely contributions to policy debates and actions. Contributions are based on research, expert analysis, literature review, or practitioner reflections regarding specific policy issues. Pure opinion pieces will not be considered for this paper type. Forum articles should be written in an accessible style and supported by real world examples and/or referenced scientific evidence and should not exceed 4,000 words.
6. Fast-Tracked Papers
Fast-Tracked Papers may be any of the above paper types, but are to be submitted only upon invitation from the editors. These papers will be fast-tracked by having reviewers lined up by the handling editor in advance, and upon publication these papers will be showcased in an ongoing special issue.
7. Book Reviews
Book reviews will be included in the journal on a range of relevant titles that are not more than two years old. These are usually less than 2,000 words. Please submit your requests/ideas to David Johns at johnsd@embarqmail.com.
8. Editorials
Opinion pieces by experts on a topic, usually invited by the Editor. The topic is usually timely and offers important insights into the field.
9. Correspondence
Letters to the Editor (Correspondence) papers are responses to recently published papers. Letters must be short (a maximum 800 words) and include only key references (5 maximum) and one figure if necessary. The content must be constructive, discuss significant issues, and respectful in tone. Provided the editors agree that publication of the letter is warranted, it will generally also receive a response from the authors of the original article, and both letter and response will be published in the same issue.
You can use this list to carry out a final check of your submission before you send it to the journal for review. Please check the relevant section in this Guide for Authors for more details.
Ensure that the following items are present:
One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details:
• E-mail address
• Full postal address
All necessary files have been uploaded:
• Include keywords
• All figures (include relevant captions)
• All tables (including titles, description, footnotes)
• Ensure all figure and table citations in the text match the files provided
• Indicate clearly if color should be used for any figures in print
Graphical Abstracts / Highlights files (where applicable)
Supplemental files (where applicable)
Further considerations
• Manuscript has been 'spell checked' and 'grammar checked'
• All references mentioned in the Reference List are cited in the text, and vice versa
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Internet)
• A competing interests statement is provided, even if the authors have no competing interests to declare
• Journal policies detailed in this guide have been reviewed
• Referee suggestions and contact details provided, based on journal requirements
• We strongly encourage authors to check the existing evidences for their case at Conservation Evidence. The introduction of the paper should include a sentence highlighting whether any evidence is already available or not with corresponding references.
For further information, visit our Support Center.
Ethics in publishing
Please see our information on Ethics in publishing.
Policy and Ethics
All appropriate ethics and other approvals were obtained for the research. Where appropriate, authors should state that their research protocols have been approved by an authorized animal care or ethics committee, and include a reference to the code of practice adopted for the reported experimentation or methodology. The Editor will take account of animal welfare issues and reserves the right not to publish, especially if the research involves protocols that are inconsistent with commonly accepted norms of animal research.
All authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. All authors, including those without competing interests to declare, should create a declaration of competing interest statement (which, where relevant, may specify they have nothing to declare). To do so, authors should use this tool and upload to the submission system at the Attach Files step. Please do not convert the .docx template to another file type. Author signatures are not required.
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract, a published lecture or academic thesis, see 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication' for more information), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify originality, your article may be checked by the originality detection service Crossref Similarity Check.
Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Content should make no assumptions about the beliefs or commitments of any reader; contain nothing which might imply that one individual is superior to another on the grounds of age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition; and use inclusive language throughout. Authors should ensure that writing is free from bias, stereotypes, slang, reference to dominant culture and/or cultural assumptions. We advise to seek gender neutrality by using plural nouns ("clinicians, patients/clients") as default/wherever possible to avoid using "he, she," or "he/she." We recommend avoiding the use of descriptors that refer to personal attributes such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition unless they are relevant and valid. When coding terminology is used, we recommend to avoid offensive or exclusionary terms such as "master", "slave", "blacklist" and "whitelist". We suggest using alternatives that are more appropriate and (self-) explanatory such as "primary", "secondary", "blocklist" and "allowlist". These guidelines are meant as a point of reference to help identify appropriate language but are by no means exhaustive or definitive.
For transparency, we encourage authors to submit an author statement file outlining their individual contributions to the paper using the relevant CRediT roles: Conceptualization; Data curation; Formal analysis; Funding acquisition; Investigation; Methodology; Project administration; Resources; Software; Supervision; Validation; Visualization; Roles/Writing - original draft; Writing - review & editing. Authorship statements should be formatted with the names of authors first and CRediT role(s) following. More details and an example.
Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the journal Editor. To request such a change, the Editor must receive the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed.
Only in exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been accepted. While the Editor considers the request, publication of the manuscript will be suspended. If the manuscript has already been published in an online issue, any requests approved by the Editor will result in a corrigendum.
Article transfer service
This journal is part of our Article Transfer Service. This means that if the Editor feels your article is more suitable in one of our other participating journals, then you may be asked to consider transferring the article to one of those. If you agree, your article will be transferred automatically on your behalf with no need to reformat. Please note that your article will be reviewed again by the new journal. More information.
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (see more information on this). An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases.
For gold open access articles: Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'License Agreement' (more information). Permitted third party reuse of gold open access articles is determined by the author's choice of user license.
As an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. More information.
Elsevier supports responsible sharing
Find out how you can share your research published in Elsevier journals.
Role of the funding source
You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement then this should be stated.
Please visit our Open Access page for more information.
Elsevier Researcher Academy
Researcher Academy is a free e-learning platform designed to support early and mid-career researchers throughout their research journey. The "Learn" environment at Researcher Academy offers several interactive modules, webinars, downloadable guides and resources to guide you through the process of writing for research and going through peer review. Feel free to use these free resources to improve your submission and navigate the publication process with ease.
Language (usage and editing services)
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Authors who feel their English language manuscript may require editing to eliminate possible grammatical or spelling errors and to conform to correct scientific English may wish to use the English Language Editing service available from Elsevier's Author Services.
Our online submission system guides you stepwise through the process of entering your article details and uploading your files. The system converts your article files to a single PDF file used in the peer-review process. Editable files (e.g., Word, LaTeX) are required to typeset your article for final publication. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, is sent by e-mail.
Authors are at liberty to suggest the names of up to three potential reviewers (with full contact details). Potential reviewers should not include anyone with whom the authors have collaborated during the research being submitted.
Publishing space in the journal is limited, such that many manuscripts must be rejected. To expedite the processing of manuscripts, the journal has adopted a two-tier review process. During the first stage of review, the handling editor evaluates the manuscript for appropriateness and scientific content, taking advice where appropriate from members of the editorial board. Criteria for rejection at this stage include:
Manuscript lacks a strong conservation focus or theme, or management implications not well-developed. Please note that research on a rare or endangered species or ecosystem is not sufficient justification to merit publication in Biological Conservation. Published research must also advance the science and practice of conservation biology, and thus have broader application for a wide international audience.
Manuscript subject matter more appropriate for another journal. Natural history or biodiversity surveys, including site descriptions, are usually better suited for other outlets, such as a regional or taxon-specific journal. Similarly, manuscripts with a primarily behavioral, genetic or ecological focus are more appropriate for journals in those fields. For example, studies reporting on disturbance effects, species interactions (e.g., predator-prey, competitive, or pollinator-host plant interactions), species-habitat relationships, descriptive genetics (e.g., assays of genetic variation within or between populations), or behavioral responses to disturbance will be referred elsewhere if they lack a clear conservation message. Authors are advised to contact an Editor prior to submission if there are any questions regarding the appropriateness of a manuscript for the journal.
Study primarily of local or regional interest. Biological Conservation is international in scope, and thus research published in the journal should have global relevance, in terms of the topics or issues addressed.
Study poorly designed or executed. Research lacks spatial or temporal replication, has insufficient sample sizes, or inadequate data analysis. Such obvious indications of poor-quality science will be cause for immediate rejection.
Manuscript poorly written. Poor writing interferes with the effective communication of science. Authors for whom English is not the first language are advised to consult with a technical language editor before submission.
Conservation research ethics violated. Research was unnecessarily destructive, was conducted for the express purpose of causing harm/mortality (e.g., simulation of treatment or disturbance effects on survivorship), or violated ethics in the treatment and handling of animals. Where appropriate, authors must provide a statement and supporting documentation that research was approved by the authors' institutional animal care and use committee(s).
Manuscripts that pass this first stage of editorial review are then subjected to a second stage of formal peer review. This involves evaluation of the manuscript by at least two specialists within the field of study, which may include one or more members of the editorial board. Beyond a critical assessment of the scientific content and overall presentation, referees are asked to evaluate the originality, likely impact and global relevance of the research. Referees make a recommendation to the handling editor, but note that it is ultimately the decision of the handling editor as to whether a manuscript is accepted for publication in Biological Conservation.
Dr. Vincent Devictor
UMR CNRS-UM2 5554 cc065,
Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier,
Place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier,
Email: vincent.devictor@univ-montp2.fr
Dr. Amanda Bates, University of Southampton, England, UK, Email: A.E.Bates@soton.ac.uk
Dr. Richard Corlett, Richard Corlett Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Menglun, Yunnan, China, Email: corlett@xtbg.org.cn
Dr. Graeme Cumming, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia, Email: gscumming@gmail.com
Dr. Liba Pejchar, Colorado State University, Colorado, USA, Email: Liba.Pejchar@colostate.edu
Dr. Lian Pin Koh, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, Email: lianpinkoh@gmail.com
Dr. Rafael Loyola, Uniersidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil, Email: rdiasloyola@gmail.com
Dr. Bea Maas, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, Email: beamaas@gmx.at
Prof. Robin Pakeman, The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK, Email: robin.pakeman@hutton.ac.uk
Dr. Richard B. Primack, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, Email: primack@bu.edu
Dr. Tracey Regan, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia, Email: tregan@unimelb.edu.au
Book Review Editor
David Johns
PO Box 725, McMinneville, OR 97218, Email: johnsd@pdx.edu
For questions about the editorial process (including the status of manuscripts under review) or for technical support on submissions, please visit our Support Center.
Submission to this journal proceeds totally online and you will be guided stepwise through the creation and uploading of your files. The system automatically converts your files to a single PDF file, which is used in the peer-review process.
As part of the Your Paper Your Way service, you may choose to submit your manuscript as a single file to be used in the refereeing process. This can be a PDF file or a Word document, in any format or lay-out that can be used by referees to evaluate your manuscript. It should contain high enough quality figures for refereeing. If you prefer to do so, you may still provide all or some of the source files at the initial submission. Please note that individual figure files larger than 10 MB must be uploaded separately.
Please use correct, continuous line numbering and page numbering throughout the document.
There are no strict requirements on reference formatting at submission. References can be in any style or format as long as the style is consistent. Where applicable, author(s) name(s), journal title/book title, chapter title/article title, year of publication, volume number/book chapter and the article number or pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged. The reference style used by the journal will be applied to the accepted article by Elsevier at the proof stage. Note that missing data will be highlighted at proof stage for the author to correct.
Formatting requirements
There are no strict formatting requirements but all manuscripts must contain the essential elements needed to convey your manuscript, for example Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Conclusions, Artwork and Tables with Captions.
If your article includes any Videos and/or other Supplementary material, this should be included in your initial submission for peer review purposes.
Divide the article into clearly defined sections.
Please place legends above Tables and below Figures. They should follow the References at the end of the manuscript.
This journal operates a double anonymized review process. All contributions will be initially assessed by the editor for suitability for the journal. Papers deemed suitable are then typically sent to a minimum of two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. The Editor is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. The Editor's decision is final. Editors are not involved in decisions about papers which they have written themselves or have been written by family members or colleagues or which relate to products or services in which the editor has an interest. Any such submission is subject to all of the journal's usual procedures, with peer review handled independently of the relevant editor and their research groups. More information on types of peer review.
Double anonymized review
This journal uses double anonymized review, which means the identities of the authors are concealed from the reviewers, and vice versa. More information is available on our website. To facilitate this, please include the following separately:
Title page (with author details): This should include the title, authors' names, affiliations, acknowledgements and any Declaration of Interest statement, and a complete address for the corresponding author including an e-mail address.
Anonymized manuscript (no author details): The main body of the paper (including the references, figures, tables and any acknowledgements) should not include any identifying information, such as the authors' names or affiliations.
REVISED SUBMISSIONS
Use of word processing software
It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the word processor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the word processor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier: https://www.elsevier.com/guidepublication). Note that source files of figures, tables and text graphics will be required whether or not you embed your figures in the text. See also the section on Electronic artwork.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check' functions of your word processor.
Please use single spacing throughout the document. Use continuous line numbering throughout the document. Avoid full justification, i.e., do not use a constant right-hand margin. Ensure that each new paragraph is clearly indicated. Number every page of the manuscript, including the title page, references tables, etc. Present tables and figure legends on separate pages at the end of the manuscript. Layout and conventions must conform with those given in this guide to authors. Journal style has changed over time so do not use old issues as a guide. Number all pages consecutively. Italics are not to be used for expressions of Latin origin, for example, in vivo, et al., per se. Use decimal points (not commas); use a space for thousands (10 000 and above).
Regardless of the file format of the original submission, at revision you must provide us with an editable file of the entire article. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier). See also the section on Electronic artwork.
Submission of a manuscript must be accompanied by a cover letter that includes the following statements or acknowledgements:
The work is all original research carried out by the authors.
All authors agree with the contents of the manuscript and its submission to the journal.
No part of the research has been published in any form elsewhere, unless it is fully acknowledged in the manuscript. Authors should disclose how the research featured in the manuscript relates to any other manuscript of a similar nature that they have published, in press, submitted or will soon submit to Biological Conservation or elsewhere.
The manuscript is not being considered for publication elsewhere while it is being considered for publication in this journal.
Any research in the paper not carried out by the authors is fully acknowledged in the manuscript.
All sources of funding are acknowledged in the manuscript, and authors have declared any direct financial benefits that could result from publication.
Please include a short paragraph that describes the main finding of your paper, and its significance to the field of conservation biology.
The authors should state in the cover letter if the paper in any form has previously been submitted to Biological Conservation. In that case the authors should specify the original manuscript number.
Subdivision - numbered sections
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
Provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced by an independent researcher. Methods that are already published should be summarized, and indicated by a reference. If quoting directly from a previously published method, use quotation marks and also cite the source. Any modifications to existing methods should also be described.
Theory/calculation
A Theory section should extend, not repeat, the background to the article already dealt with in the Introduction and lay the foundation for further work. In contrast, a Calculation section represents a practical development from a theoretical basis.
Results should be clear and concise.
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.
Please supply, as a separate list, the definitions of field-specific terms used in your article.
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.
• Title. Concise and informative, yet not overly general. If appropriate, include the species or ecosystem that was the subject of the study, or the location where the study was done. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible
• Author names and affiliations. Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
• Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that phone numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address. Contact details must be kept up to date by the corresponding author.
• Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Highlights are mandatory for this journal as they help increase the discoverability of your article via search engines. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that capture the novel results of your research as well as new methods that were used during the study (if any). Please have a look at the examples here: example Highlights.
Highlights should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point).
A concise and factual abstract is required (maximum length of 250 words). The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the methods used, the principal results and major conclusions. Please try to keep each sentence as specific as possible, and avoid such general statements as "The management implications of the results are discussed". An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference list. Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
Graphical abstract
Although a graphical abstract is optional, its use is encouraged as it draws more attention to the online article. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial form designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts should be submitted as a separate file in the online submission system. Image size: Please provide an image with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 × 13 cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Office files. You can view Example Graphical Abstracts on our information site.
Authors can make use of Elsevier's Illustration Services to ensure the best presentation of their images and in accordance with all technical requirements.
Stereochemistry abstract
For each important chiral compound you are requested to supply a stereochemistry abstract detailing structure, name, formula and all available stereochemical information for eventual incorporation into a database. An abstract for only one enantiomer per compound is required.
Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).
Formatting of funding sources
List funding sources in this standard way to facilitate compliance to funder's requirements:
Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant number zzzz]; and the United States Institutes of Peace [grant number aaaa].
It is not necessary to include detailed descriptions on the program or type of grants and awards. When funding is from a block grant or other resources available to a university, college, or other research institution, submit the name of the institute or organization that provided the funding.
If no funding has been provided for the research, please include the following sentence:
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI) for all scientific and laboratory data. If other quantities are mentioned, give their equivalent in SI.
Common names must be in lower-case except proper nouns. All common names must be followed by a scientific name in parentheses in italics. For example, bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus). Where scientific names are used in preference to common names they should be in italics and the genus should be reduced to the first letter after the first mention. For example, the first mention is given as Tursiops aduncus and subsequent mentions are given as T. aduncus.
Math formulae
Please submit math equations as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article. Many word processors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this not be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article.
Electronic artwork
General points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• Preferred fonts: Arial (or Helvetica), Times New Roman (or Times), Symbol, Courier.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• Indicate per figure if it is a single, 1.5 or 2-column fitting image.
• For Word submissions only, you may still provide figures and their captions, and tables within a single file at the revision stage.
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You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
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Reference style
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Reference to a journal publication:
Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J.A.J., Lupton, R.A., 2010. The art of writing a scientific article. J. Sci. Commun. 163, 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Sc.2010.00372.
Reference to a journal publication with an article number:
Van der Geer, J., Hanraads, J.A.J., Lupton, R.A., 2018. The art of writing a scientific article. Heliyon. 19, e00205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00205.
Reference to a book:
Strunk Jr., W., White, E.B., 2000. The Elements of Style, fourth ed. Longman, New York.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
Mettam, G.R., Adams, L.B., 2009. How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: Jones, B.S., Smith , R.Z. (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age. E-Publishing Inc., New York, pp. 281–304.
Reference to a website:
Cancer Research UK, 1975. Cancer statistics reports for the UK. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/aboutcancer/statistics/cancerstatsreport/ (accessed 13 March 2003).
Reference to a dataset:
[dataset] Oguro, M., Imahiro, S., Saito, S., Nakashizuka, T., 2015. Mortality data for Japanese oak wilt disease and surrounding forest compositions. Mendeley Data, v1. https://doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1.
Reference to software:
Coon, E., Berndt, M., Jan, A., Svyatsky, D., Atchley, A., Kikinzon, E., Harp, D., Manzini, G., Shelef, E., Lipnikov, K., Garimella, R., Xu, C., Moulton, D., Karra, S., Painter, S., Jafarov, E., & Molins, S., 2020. Advanced Terrestrial Simulator (ATS) v0.88 (Version 0.88). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3727209.
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This journal supports Mendeley Data, enabling you to deposit any research data (including raw and processed data, video, code, software, algorithms, protocols, and methods) associated with your manuscript in a free-to-use, open access repository. During the submission process, after uploading your manuscript, you will have the opportunity to upload your relevant datasets directly to Mendeley Data. The datasets will be listed and directly accessible to readers next to your published article online.
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You can also check the status of your submitted article or find out when your accepted article will be published.


text:
Q: Diskpart command does not see my flash drive I start diskpart.exe from the command line. Then I run list disk command. Is there a way to make it see my flash drive?  I am on Win XP.

A: I believe that XP's diskpart is unable to see flash drives. If you have access to a Vista installation, try it there.
Reference info about diskpart on XP being broken: Vista on a stick: How to flash install your OS.
I hope this helps.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
L'article 17 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés est un des articles de la Charte des droits de la Constitution du Canada qui établit des droits relatifs aux deux langues officielles du Canada, l'anglais et le français. Bien le droit d'utiliser l'une ou l'autre des deux langues à l'intérieur du Parlement du Canada était déjà présent à l'article 133 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867, l'article 17 garantit également le droit d'utiliser l'une ou l'autre des langues à l'Assemblée législative du Nouveau-Brunswick, la seule province officiellement bilingue sous l'article 16 de la Charte.

Texte

Application

Comme il fut noté dans la décision de la Cour suprême du Canada dans l'affaire New Brunswick Broadcasting Co. c. Nouvelle-Écosse en 1993, l'article 17 s'applique normalement au « Parlement ». Cette formulation est une anomalie parce que d'un point de vue technique, le Parlement n'est qu'une institution qui édicte des lois. Les droits garantis à l'article 17 ne protègent pas contre les lois du Parlement, mais s'appliquent plutôt aux débats qui ont lieu au sein des institutions parlementaires, c'est-à-dire la Chambre des communes du Canada et le Sénat du Canada.

Cet article, comme il s'applique au Parlement, inclut aussi les comités parlementaires ; ainsi, tout témoin comparaissant devant un comité a le droit de s'exprimer en anglais ou en français.

L'article étend également ces droits constitutionnels au Nouveau-Brunswick. Toutefois, des droits juridiques semblables étaient déjà en place au Nouveau-Brunswick avant l'entrée en vigueur de la Charte ; ces droits se trouvaient dans la Loi sur les langues officielles du Nouveau-Brunswick. L'article 17 a donc enchâssé ces droits dans la constitution.

Interprétation

Dans l'affaire Société des Acadiens c. Association of Parents dont fut saisie la Cour suprême en 1986, le juge Jean Beetz a jugé que l'article 17 était tellement semblable à l'article 133 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867 (l'article 17 fut d'ailleurs inspiré par l'article 133) que l'article 17 ne représenterait aucun changement aux droits garantis par l'article 133. Donc, la jurisprudence relative à l'article 133 influencerait la jurisprudence relative à l'article 17. La juge Bertha Wilson, commentant le parallèle entre l'article 17 et l'article 133, a également affirmé que l'article 17 représentait simplement la « continuité constitutionnelle ». Toutefois, elle a reconnu que l'exemption de l'article 17 de la disposition de dérogation et le fait que les droits linguistiques du Canada sont uniquement modifiables à l'unanimité des provinces et du gouvernement fédéral (en vertu des procédures de modification) révèlent que les droits linguistiques sont « une réaction aux particularités historiques du Canada. » De toute façon, Beetz a jugé qu'au Parlement, bien que l'article 17 garantit le droit d'un individu d'utiliser soit l'anglais ou le français selon sa préférence, ceci n'inclut pas une garantit du droit à la traduction des paroles de l'individu pour qu'elles soient comprises par tous ; ce même raisonnement a également été appliqué à l'article 133.

Ce raisonnement relativement à l'article 133 a fait une apparition dans l'affaire de la Cour suprême MacDonald c. Ville de Montréal (1986). Dans ce jugement, la Cour a cité l'arrêt Jones c. Procureur général du Nouveau-Brunswick (1975), qui a jugé que l'article 133 n'établissait pas réellement un bilinguisme officiel au Canada. Bien que le bilinguisme au sein des corps législatifs peut permettre à certains membres de se comprendre entre eux s'ils connaissent la langue utilisée, cela n'était aucunement garantit. De plus, les tribunaux doivent interpréter ces droits de façon conservatrice puisqu'il s'agit d'une question politique. Selon MacDonald, la présence d'interprètes au Parlement n'est donc pas obligatoire en vertu de l'article 133, puisqu'il n'y a aucune garantie que tous seront en mesure de comprendre un député lorsqu'il choisit de parler en anglais ou en français. Ces droits sont donc des droits négatifs uniquement. Un exemple d'action inconstitutionnelle serait que le Parlement ou une législature oblige une personne de quitter pour avoir utilisé l'anglais ou le français.

Notes et références

Source

Lien externe

 Recueil de décision relatives à l'article 17 — Institut canadien d'information juridique.

Charte canadienne des droits et libertés
Législation linguistique au Canada
Bilinguisme au Canada

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Kotoko beat Hearts of Oak 2-1 to win President's Cup
Tag: hearts of oak, Presidents Cup
Defending League champions, Kumasi Asante Kotoko, extended their hold on the annual President's Cup to six after despatching arch-rivals, Accra Hearts of Oak, 2-1 in a replay of the September 8 rained off match at the Baba Yara Stadium.
The match was called off five minutes into play at the same venue after both teams were tied on goalless.
Hearts have won the trophy four times since it was instituted in 2003 to honour a sitting President of the Republic.
Hearts striker Kofi Kordzi opened the scores for the Phobians against the run of play when he converted a 37th minute spot kick.
Kordzi was impeded in the box before the ball finally hit the hands of defender Ampem Darcosta.
Hearts shot themselves in the foot 10 minutes later as defender Mohammed Alhassan scored an own goal to make it 1-1.
Naby Keita netted the match winner in the 78th minute for Kotoko as Hearts struggled to hold Kotoko but rather chased their shadows for most part of the game.
President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, in whose honour the match was played, was absent but his able Minister of Youth and Sports, Isaac Kwame Asiamah, once again did the ceremonial kick off on behalf of the President.
Hearts kicked off after Mr Asiamah, together with the new FA President, Kurt Okraku, had conducted the inspection but it was Burkinabe International Songne Yacouba who took the game to the visitors.
He threatened a couple of times but failed to take full advantage as the Phobians bounced back into the game albeit momentarily.
But Kotoko proved their match fitness and compact play from then on.
Kordzi's opener
Kordzi scored to the chagrin of the home fans but when Mohammed Alhassan scored an own goal, the stadium was 'charged' once again as the vociferous Kotoko fans called for more goals.
Indeed, Kotoko could have recorded a cricket scoreline and perhaps cancelled the infamous 4-1 thrashing by Hearts some 10 years ago but they appeared content.
Wasted chances
Player after player, the Porcupine warriors wasted their chances as Hearts struggled to keep the pace mostly initiated by the skipper for the day, Emmanuel Gyamfi and Augustine Okrah.
Despite their backfooting, Kordzi could have made it two for Hearts but blew a golden opportunity after rounding up the goalkeeper.
It was a well-deserved victory for Kotoko and a welcome silverware for Coach Maxwell Konadu, who took charge of the team as the new coach two weeks ago.
Mr Asiamah presented skipper Gyamfi with the glittering trophy as the elated players screamed with joy.
Source: Graphic
EC committed to upholding electoral neutrality
Redhot Hearts whitewash WAFA in Accra
, By Mr
"Hearts of Oak is in transition"- Hearts Coach
Hearts and Kotoko could pull out of FA Cup final clash due to MOYS order to change kickoff time
, By akwasid

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Time Capsule Retreat is a new concept resort nestled between lush greenery in Sungai Lembing. What makes the retreat unique is the unconventional rooms– concrete pipe cylinder rooms and container rooms.
The Scarlet Singapore, known as Singapore's first boutique hotel, made me feel as if I was stepping into a beautifully decorated colonial house during the 19th century. It is luxurious and lavish.


LEGAZPI CITY (Jan 23) – A gun used in the killing of Ako Bicol Partylist Rep. Rodel M. Batocabe was recovered by Special Investigation Task Group Batocabe early morning on Wednesday in a fishpond located at Purok 3, Brgy. Busay, Ligao City.
SITG Batocabe said that the recovery of calibre .45 Taurus Pistol PT34/7 PRO with Serial No. NCY 89364 with the cooperation of one of the suspect Christopher Naval a.ka. Tuping. Information disclosed that the said gun was one of the two guns of Henry Yuson – the gunman that killed Rep. Batocabe.


Hayden has over 25 years experience in senior health management, and is currently Chief Executive of Tui Ora Limited (a Maori development organisation and provider of health services).
He has over 40 years health sector experience in mental health, community and medical services, including the position of Director of Clinical Services with Taranaki Healthcare Limited.
Hayden has held a wide range of governance positions, including Interim Chairman National Health Board, Chairmanship of Taranaki District Health Board and Health Sponsorship Council.
He is currently Chairman of TSB Community Trust, TSB Group Ltd and is a Director of TSB.
In 2017 Hayden was awarded the Taranaki Mayoral Award for Business Excellence.
Hayden is of Te Atiawa, Taranaki and Ngati Awa descent. Married to the late Antonia, he has three adult children, and four grandchildren.


text:
Scientists Explain Human Cannibalism Through the Ages
April 9, 2017 By Dave Smith Leave a Comment
Scientists explain the evolution and the reasons for human cannibalism.
Researchers have looked at human cannibalism through the ages. Cannibalism is known to have existed a long time ago, and nowadays this topic is one which would be avoided due to the cruelty and insanity of the act. Nevertheless, anthropologists seem to find this topic irresistible. Every scientist wonders why people would do such a thing, searching for some reasons, asking about the culture and the legends.
Human cannibalism was revealed to have existed across ancient Europe
James Cole, a senior lecturer in archaeology at the University of Brighton, has developed a new study which was recently published in Nature magazine. Cole has calculated the calorie content of all edible parts of a human body. He considered organs and muscles, from loin to ribs and he excluded the nutrition from the list of possible explanations for human cannibalism.
Most such occurrences appeared during the Paleolithic period, starting from 2.5 million years ago to 10,000 years ago. This period includes the appearance of Homo sapiens. For those who are not trained in this respect, they would not know what parts are edible or which are tastier. They would just say that human remains just remain. For archaeologists, when finding bare bones, it is impossible for them to determine whether the flesh was eaten by someone else or it decomposed.
Some of the key reasons may have been famine or ceremonial reasons
However, scientists know how to spot these differences, figuring out whether that person was once someone's meal or died peacefully and decomposed. The signs which indicate cannibalism include the absence of the skull's base to reveal the brain, parallel cut signs on bones and scraggy breakage of bones. Anthropological Forensics elements like these might help scientists determined more details about cannibalism.
Researchers managed to uncover several sites where they were certain that once acts of cannibalism happened there. Many of these places were located across ancient Europe. Some sites revealed five victims while others indicated even 30 victims. Cole examined the chemical composition of the human body to determine the reason behind these brutal acts.
He looked at a male body of about 50 kg. Approximately 30 kg would represent the muscle mass. The rest of about 20 kg would consist of body fat and organs. A male human body would have about 125,822 calories. After further research, Cole listed among the reasons for cannibalism might be related to famine, ceremonies or geopolitics.
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A deck is a great addition to your backyard space and can make it feel like your house is bigger than it is. However, when designing your deck there are some things that you need to consider in order to optimize your space and make sure that your deck lasts. Below, you will find tips for building or reviving your deck.
The very first thing you should consider when building a new deck is what you're going to use it for. For example, maybe your deck needs to function as a pathway or surrounding area for your pool. Or perhaps you need a deck with enough space for a grill and outdoor kitchen area. You want to make sure that your deck is a space where function meets form. It's important to imagine how you will move around and use your deck space. Online, you can find many tools that help you design your own deck, or you can seek professional help.
When it comes to your new deck, it's important to choose materials carefully. Depending on the climate you live in and whether you deal with extreme heat, snow, or lots of rain, your deck will need to consist of the right materials. A composite deck material could be one option if you have long winters, and redwood or cedar decks are ideal for hotter summers as they keep their cool. Also, one of the biggest enemies of outdoor furniture is weather, so you need to make sure everything is protected or there is a place to put it.
If you already have a deck, but it's not in the best shape, then there's one surefire way to get it looking brand new: power washing. Decks are exposed to all of the elements, and they also will be subject to dirt and grime. Your deck wood, as well, will age and begin to look worn out. Power washing your deck can peel back all those layers of grunge. When power washing your deck be sure to use the lowest level of pressure that works and use an even, sweeping motion over the deck surface. After you power wash, you can sand your deck and apply a new finish that will leave your deck looking brand new.
Designing your deck around the way you will use it and what climate you live in are imperative to making sure that your deck works for you and lasts for a long time to come, while a good power wash can make any deck come alive again.
Here's another outdoor home renovation article we think you'll find informative!
How Can I Make My Commercial Properties More Eco-Friendly?
How Websites for Contractors Can Increase Sales!
Make Your Home More Energy-Efficient with These Simple Remodels on How Can I Make My Commercial Properties More Eco-Friendly?


text:
Tropical Biology Section
Taylor, Charlotte M. [1], Zamora, Nelson [2], Vargas, Orlando [2], Castro, Enrique [2], Grayum, Michael [3], Gonz�lez, Jos� [2], Hammel, Barry [3], Stone, Donald E. [4], G�mez, Luis Diego [2].
The Digital Flora of the La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica.
The La Selva Biological Station in the Atlantic lowlands of Costa Rica has at least 1900 species of vascular plants growing in its 1600 ha of lowland wet tropical forest. The Digital Flora project, http://sloth.ots.ac.cr/local/florula2/index.htm, will present a bilingual flora (Spanish and English) comprising both traditional textual information and web-based resources, including digital images of living plants, digital images of authoritatively identified herbarium specimens, interactive keys, and a database of specimens. More than 40 families have been treated so far, and images of live plants of more than a third of species and more than 370 herbarium specimens are already available. The project is based at the La Selva Biological Station, Duke University, and the Missouri Botanical Garden. Completion of this work is planned for 2007. This is one of very few floras for a well studied site in the Neotropics, and an important resource for research at the Station. Preparation of this flora has already led to the discovery of a number of plant species new to science, new species records for the La Selva Station, and new records for Costa Rica and Central America.
Digital Flora of La Selva
TROPICOS Database (Specimens and images)
1 - Missouri Botanical Garden, Herbarium, Po Box 299, St Louis, Missouri, 63166-0299, USA
2 - Organization for Tropical Studies, Aptdo. 676-2050, San Pedro, , Costa Rica
3 - Missouri Botanical Garden, Po Box 299, St Louis, Missouri, 63166-0299, USA
4 - Duke University, Department of Botany, Box 90338, Durham, North Carolina, 27708-0338, USA
Neotropical flora
digital flora.
Presentation Type: Poster
Session: 33-113
Location: Salon C, D & E - Gov Ballroom/Hilton
Date: Tuesday, August 16th, 2005


"I'M ONLY HERE TO PLAY WORDS WITH FRIENDS."
Now with more words and friends!
'Words With Friends' might get a TV show. But...why?
Words With Friends is celebrating its fifth birthday with a new app.
Paul and David Bettner, the brothers behind the hugely popular mobile game Words With Friends game, are leaving Zynga.


text:
package io.reactivex.internal.operators.maybe;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

import org.junit.Test;

import io.reactivex.*;
import io.reactivex.observers.TestObserver;
import io.reactivex.plugins.RxJavaPlugins;
import io.reactivex.schedulers.Schedulers;

public class MaybeFromRunnableTest {
    @Test(expected = NullPointerException.class)
    public void fromRunnableNull() {
        Maybe.fromRunnable(null);
    }

    @Test
    public void fromRunnable() {
        final AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger();

        Maybe.fromRunnable(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                atomicInteger.incrementAndGet();
            }
        })
            .test()
            .assertResult();

        assertEquals(1, atomicInteger.get());
    }

    @Test
    public void fromRunnableTwice() {
        final AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger();

        Runnable run = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                atomicInteger.incrementAndGet();
            }
        };

        Maybe.fromRunnable(run)
            .test()
            .assertResult();

        assertEquals(1, atomicInteger.get());

        Maybe.fromRunnable(run)
            .test()
            .assertResult();

        assertEquals(2, atomicInteger.get());
    }

    @Test
    public void fromRunnableInvokesLazy() {
        final AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger();

        final Maybe<Object> maybe = Maybe.fromRunnable(new Runnable() {
            @Override public void run() {
                atomicInteger.incrementAndGet();
            }
        });

        assertEquals(0, atomicInteger.get());

        maybe
            .test()
            .assertResult();

        assertEquals(1, atomicInteger.get());
    }

    @Test
    public void fromRunnableThrows() {
        Maybe.fromRunnable(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
            }
        })
            .test()
            .assertFailure(UnsupportedOperationException.class);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @Test
    public void callable() throws Exception {
        final int[] counter = { 0 };

        Maybe<Void> m = Maybe.fromRunnable(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                counter[0]++;
            }
        });

        assertTrue(m.getClass().toString(), m instanceof Callable);

        assertNull(((Callable<Void>)m).call());

        assertEquals(1, counter[0]);
    }

    @Test
    public void noErrorLoss() throws Exception {
        List<Throwable> errors = TestHelper.trackPluginErrors();
        try {
            final CountDownLatch cdl1 = new CountDownLatch(1);
            final CountDownLatch cdl2 = new CountDownLatch(1);

            TestObserver<Object> to = Maybe.fromRunnable(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    cdl1.countDown();
                    try {
                        cdl2.await();
                    } catch (InterruptedException ex) {
                        throw new RuntimeException(ex);
                    }
                }
            }).subscribeOn(Schedulers.single()).test();

            assertTrue(cdl1.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS));

            to.cancel();

            cdl2.countDown();

            int timeout = 10;

            while (timeout-- > 0 && errors.isEmpty()) {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            }

            TestHelper.assertUndeliverable(errors, 0, RuntimeException.class);

            assertTrue(errors.get(0).toString(), errors.get(0).getCause().getCause() instanceof InterruptedException);
        } finally {
            RxJavaPlugins.reset();
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A little change of pace.....Rob leads a discussion with Chris and Shane about the best wrestling t-shirts of all time. What will make the list? Call in an join the conversation (646)-716-4706 or email us at babershopwindowpodcast@gmail.com.


You know smoking is bad for your health. You need to get your head in the game, read this guide today!
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The best new stop smoking book that boosts your self-esteem at the same time. A fantastic new take on how to stop smoking naturally. Francesca Hepton takes readers on a journey of self-development and boosts their self-confidence at the same time. She makes quitting smoking an opportunity for readers to open up new doors and live their dreams. Stop smoking easy way with this book and you'll never look back.
Giving up bad habits is an essential part of any detoxification or healing process and for healthy living.
Don't wait if you want to give up smoking, read this guide now!


text:
jeehp-16-41.pdf
J Educ Eval Health Prof > Volume 16; 2019 > Article
Huh and Cho: Journal statistics, coping strategy with upcoming scholarly journal publishing environment including Plan-S, and appreciation for reviewers and volunteers
J Educ Eval Health Prof 2019; 16: 41. https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.41
Sun Huh *
Department of Parasitology and Institute of Medical Education, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
*Corresponding email: shuh@hallym.ac.kr
Editor: A Ra Cho, The Catholic University, Korea
Received December 27, 2019 Accepted December 28, 2019 Published online December 28, 2019
© 2019, Korea Health Personnel Licensing Examination Institute
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Being indexed in 2 literature databases
This year has brought us some good news for the Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions (JEEHP):
First, JEEHP was accepted for inclusion in Scopus by Scopus Content Selection and Advisory Board (CSAB) [1]. Although JEEHP has been indexed in Scopus since 2016 as a MEDLINE-source journal, it had to be re-evaluated by CSAB. The journal had added merits of having references of articles and a directory of the countries of submitting authors in a separate field, leading to more fruitful bibliometric findings of the journal.
Second, JEEHP was included in Korea Citation Index (KCI) in April this year, an abstract and reference database maintained by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), which is certainly a prestigious achievement because NRF had not allowed online-only journal without regular frequency to be included in KCI thus far. It had only allowed Scopus, SCIE (Science Citation Index Expanded), SSCI (Social Science Citation Index), or A&HCI (Arts and Humanities Citation index)-indexed journals to be included in KCI even if the journal has no frequency. JEEHP is believed to be the first scholarly journal in Korea published as online-only without regular frequency since 2006 [2], providing a good chance to be cited by scholarly educational journals in Korea.
Adoption of new technology in journal web sites
New technology was adopted by the JEEHP this year: (1) review process counter from October 16; (2) country map of authors in each year with a table of content and editorial board members from December 9; (3) country flag of the authors and the editorial board members from December 9; and (4) distribution of countries of the authors in metrics from December 9. Among these, review process counter can be a good incentive to submitting authors. Authors want decisions on their manuscripts as soon as possible, and currently the median value of the period to the first decision is 16 days (Fig. 1). Countries of the submitting authors and the editorial board members are also important to show the international diversity of the journal, and flags and maps will contribute to providing an easy and quick grasp of this international diversity.
Bibliometric analysis
Journal performance can be presented based on the bibliometric indexes including total citations and an impact factor. Twelve countries of the authors of 41 articles published this year are presented in Fig. 2. The United States of America was ranking top with 15 articles out of 41. Total citations from Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and CrossRef meta-database are presented in Fig. 3, showing a trend of continuous increase.. The 2 year-impact factors in Web of Science for recent years are calculated and presented in Fig. 4. There was a decrease in impact factor in 2019, which may be attributed to rare citation in literature on licensing examination. Nine articles on licensing examination published in 2017 were cited 10 times, while 5 articles in 2018 were cited 3 times up to now, which is lower than the citation frequency of other articles. Because articles on health licensing examination are rare worldwide, it is also difficult to be cited frequently. However, it may serve to be an evidence of this journal's uniqueness that is devoted to publishing articles on licensing examination.
Basic statistics on submission and review
The fate of manuscripts submitted to this journal up to December 27, 2019 is summarized in Table 1.
Change in publishing environment outside Korea
It is anticipated that the enactment of immediate open access publication without embargo period for articles will soon be supported by the US federal funding agencies including National Science Foundation and National Institute of Health [3,4]. It may be an extension of the public access policy by the above 2 funding institutes, which mandates free access after 1-year embargo period if the articles are supported by these funding agencies. It is a fortifying policy for open access publication. It may be a good chance for the journal to receive research results that had received US federal funding, because it is the diamond or platinum open access one without embargo period nor article processing charge. However, the situation in Europe is not favorable, where "all scholarly publications on the results from research funded by public or private grants provided by national, regional and international research councils and funding bodies, must be published in open access journals without embargo from 2021" according to Plan-S [5]. There are basic, mandatory, and recommended requirements to be eligible to receive the manuscripts supported by European funding bodies. Out of them, one basic requirement of "copyright owned by authors or institutes" cannot be fulfilled by the journal, because this journal is owned by the public institute publisher and all publishing cost is supported by the publisher. This year, 20% of the published articles were from Europe, although most of those articles were not supported by research grants. The JEEHP should be prepared for the situation in which manuscripts funded by European funding agencies cannot be accepted. However, at present, there seems to be no way to overcome this obstacle, and this may apply to other public or non-profit organization journals as well. I just anticipate a change in the principle of Plan-S on the ownership of copyright. There is no problem in publishing the journal as open access without embargo nor article processing charge although the copyright is owned by the publisher in Korea. Furthermore, the open access policy which may be enacted by the Korean Government in near future should be followed-up and discussed to evade the situation in Europe like Plan-S principle of copyright ownership.
Appreciation for reviewers and volunteers
I am deeply indebted to following reviewers. Without their tremendous help, I couldn't have edited and published the journal so beautifully:
Abdolghani Abdollahimohammad, Neeka Akhavan, Malhotra Anita, Marcela Andrea Antúnez-Riveros, Colin Block, Raul Alfredo Borracci, Megan Brown, Su-Jin Chae, Lucia	Chehade, A Ra Cho, Kyunghee Chun, Cheol-Woon Chung, Derek Clewley, Fabrizio Consorti, Mariana D'amico, Saeideh Daryazadeh, Olivos David, Upreet Dhaliwal, Ilse Erich, Christian Ezeala, Min Huang, Karen Huhn, Yera Hur, Geum-Hee Jeong, Williams Joy, Im Jung Jun, Taehoon Kang, Chien Kevin, Ahmed Khalifa Khalif, Kyung Won Kim, Seock-Ho kim, Young Min Kim, Ju-Yeun Lee, Young Hwan Lee, Eun Young Lim, Paula Kay Martin, argetto-Fernandez Miguel, Kyung-A Nam, Younjae Oh, Robin Parish, Bhina Patria, Rano Mal Piryani, Agarwal Ramesh, Marcus Roll, Dong Gi Seo, Jihyun Seo, Ravi Shankar, Eunah Shin, Mohan Sunkad, Chloe Thabet, Gideon Victor, Yanhua Yi, and Hon Yuen.
Voluntary work of audio recording of the abstract when authors were not available, was done by Tom Huh, a student with a major in Biology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
I am very happy to have published 41 articles this year, including 30 research articles, 2 reviews, 3 brief reports, 1 technical report, 3 editorials, 1 educational/faculty development materials, and 1 announcement. Next year is the year of "white rat" according to the sexagenary cycle. Rats stand for multi-parity, diligence, and abundance of riches in Korean culture. I hope the journal to also prosper in receiving an adequate number of interesting and practical manuscripts for medical health educators. I will be more than happy if the contents of this journal are adopted by many experts in medical health educational fields worldwide.
All work was done by Sun Huh.
Sun Huh has been the editor of Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions since 2005. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
1. Huh S. Updates from 2018: being indexed in EMBASE, becoming an affiliated journal of the World Federation for Medical Education, implementing an optional open data policy, adopting principles of transparency and best practice in scholarly publishing, and appreciation to reviewers. J Educ Eval Health Prof 2018;15:36. https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2018.15.36
2. Huh S. To broaden the horizon of the Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions. J Educ Eval Health Prof 2006;3:1. https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2006.3.1
3. Harington R. Politics and open access [Internet]. Mount Laurel (NJ): Society for Scholarly Publishing; 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 26]. Available from:https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2019/12/16/politics-and-open-access/.
4. Association of American Publishers. Coalition of 135+ science research and publishing organizations sends letters to administration [Internet]. Washington (DC): Association of American Publishers; 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 27]. Available from:https://newsroom.publishers.org/researchers-and-publishers-oppose-immediate-free-distribution-of-peer-reviewed-journal-articles/.
5. Science Europe. Plan-S: principles and implementation [Internet]. Brussels: Science Europe; 2019 [cited 2019 Dec 26]. Available from: https://www.coalition-s.org/addendum-to-the-coalition-s-guidance-on-the-implementation-of-plan-s/principles-and-implementation/.
Screenshot of countries of editorial board members and review process counter adopted in 2019 to Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions. Available from: https://www.jeehp.org/.
Countries of authors of Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions in 2019.
Total cites of Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions in CrossRef metadata, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection (WOS) from 2015 to 2019.
Two-year impact factor of Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions calculated in Web of Science Core Collection from 2017 to 2019.
Basic statistics on the fate of the submitted manuscripts to the Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions in 2019
Manuscripts submitted 147 One article (DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2019.16.4) was submitted in 2018; however, it was re-submitted after new formatting. Therefore, it was included in 2019
Manuscripts determined without review 92 Unsuitable, 90; other reasons, 2;
Manuscripts reviewed and determined 49 Accepted and published, 40; rejected 8; withdrawal, 1
Manuscripts under review or revision 6 Under revision, 3; under review, 3
Acceptance rate (%) 28.4 40/141=0.284
Median time from submission to the first decision (day) 16 -
Median time from submission to publication (day) 34 -
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3	Scopus
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Health care experts tout accountable care organizations as the system's best hope for the future, but engaging patients is crucial to their success.
This past week while spending time with nonmedical friends, I found myself referring to what health care experts have been touting as the system's best hope for the future. My friends, eager to learn more and always game for any clarification of the health care system, leaned in to hear me expound on accountable care organizations, or A.C.O.'s.
Not just another pilot project or policy pipe dream, A.C.O.'s will be legal partnerships between clinicians and hospitals that will be part of Medicare by 2012. As a partnership, these providers will be responsible for all the health care needs of a specific population of patients who are assigned, but are not necessarily restricted, to them. Unlike fee-for-service, payers will give A.C.O.'s a lump sum to cover all care, but the A.C.O.'s will be able to keep any savings that result from more efficient and better care.
In this way, I concluded to my friends, A.C.O.'s will be able to stem spiraling costs, increase efficiency and improve quality. Clinicians and hospitals will have a financial motive not to do more procedures and incur more visits but to keep patients healthy and out of the hospital.
I took a deep breath then looked around. One friend had stood up and was excusing herself to go to the bathroom. The other was looking into her bag, rummaging around for her cellphone.
For the last few years, but now with increasing frequency and intensity, health care experts and policy analysts have been preaching the virtues of accountable care organizations. While the details of these plans have yet to be worked out for Medicare, the enthusiasm for this model of payment and delivery has gone nearly viral, infecting and making strange bedfellows of third-party payers, state legislatures and politicians on both sides of the aisle. In journals, round-table discussions, blogs and most recently in the Department of Justice, the debate has focused not on whether accountable care organizations should exist but on how they might best be organized and put into action.
Without question, this payment and delivery model does hold promise. But according to a recent editorial in The New England Journal of Medicine, it also runs the risk of becoming yet another failed acronym in health care's murky alphabet soup. One important group of individuals has yet to be convinced of its merits or to be even included in any of these high-level discussions.
That challenge could be addressed by creating incentives that build patient loyalty, an idea that few experts or analysts have examined in depth. Some of the ideas that Dr. Rosenthal and her co-author suggest include having patients pay lower co-payments if they stay within their own group of providers or lower premiums if they choose a more economical A.C.O. Private health plans could also assign patients to more efficient, higher-quality groups of providers, then charge more out of pocket if patients decide to see an outside doctor.