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Meet the 6 scientists living out 'The Martian' in real life
Daniela Hernandez
The six-person crew flew into Kona airport about a week before their Mars mission was about to start. They spent their last free days on Earth practicing putting on their space suits and operating their new habitat's water, power and communications systems. The crew took care to enjoy the sun and the Hawaiian breeze as they wouldn't feel either directly on their skin for another 365 days. On the last Thursday in August, they had their final earthly supper, a Japanese feast of sushi and sake.
The next morning, the crew—a medical doctor, a soil scientist, a flight engineer, a physicist, an astrobiologist and an architect specializing in human habitats in extreme environments—entered their new home-and-work space, a 1,400-square foot dome that is as close to living on another planet as Earth-bound humans can currently get. Like Matt Damon's botanist character in Ridley Scott's The Martian, these six scientists are finding out what it takes to survive on Mars for a year.
Atop the Mauna Loa volcano on the island of Hawaii, at almost 1.6 miles above sea level, Earth looks a lot like Mars. There are reddish rocks as far as the eye can see. There are no humans nearby; the only trace of civilization is the outline of an observatory 35 miles away on the Mauna Kea volcano. The state's iconic, tourist-filled beaches might as well be on another planet.
And that's the point. Humans have never been to Mars. The first people to make it there will be alone, millions of miles and, on average, half a year's worth of travel time away from home. Together, they'll have to tame the land and learn to survive off its resources, or perish—not unlike the conquistadors who set sail from the Old World centuries ago for lands unknown.
This is the fourth crew to take part in a NASA-funded research project called HI-SEAS (short for Hawai'i Space Exploration Analog and Simulation) at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. We might call these fake travelers to Mars Earthtronauts. The goal is to study what happens when people are forced to live in close quarters with little interaction with the outside world—there's no official rule against romantic relationships—and to figure out what technologies work best and under what conditions. The crew is, for example, 3-D printing surgical tools for use in medical emergencies. They may do a mock operation with help from a surgeon "back on Earth" to see if interplanetary telemedicine works.
It's a high-tech charade, but the science is very much real. The crew's astrobiologist is trying to figure out how to make food and oxygen on Mars so we could live off the land there. One possible technique so far is using cyanobacteria, microbes that can make their own food. These tiny organisms might be able to convert molecules in rocks—which Mars has plenty of—into the nutrients plants need. One day, Martian farmers could use batches of cyanobacteria as fertilizers to enrich the red planet's dirt to grow plants.
Insights like this are why would-be astronauts are so keen on getting the chance to participate, despite the toll that months of absence can take on personal relationships back home.
"I want to be an astronaut," Andrzej Stewart, the chief engineer, said before embarking on HI-SEAS. "People think of astronauts as launching aboard a rocket or floating in deep space. But there's more to it. HI-SEAS will give me a taste of the whole package and what it really takes to live in a closed habitat."
The crew, whose ages range from 25 to 36, can talk with their families only through email, but there's a 20-minute delay in both directions, so dialogue is slow. Blogs and social media are their only other gateways to the world outside their dome home. That's how I made contact with "Mars." I emailed with crew members and read their blogs and Twitter feeds, which they update through a publishing platform called Buffer. Otherwise, their internet is limited to a weather forecasting site and Dropbox.
The isolation is hard. Stewart, for instance, has a wife. She wants to be an astronaut too, so she understands his ambitions, but they're still millions of imaginary miles away from each other, without a chance of a kiss or a cuddle. Other family members' reactions to the mission range from proud to elated and confused. People ask, "Are you leaving Earth or aren't you?," Sheyna Gifford, the medical doctor, told me in an email.
Gifford, who comes across as feisty and opinionated in electronic communications and her blog, has been a bread-maker since college and has been baking loafs of sourdough for the crew. (She has a scientist's sense of humor: she nicknamed the starter batch Bob.)
All of the crew members are athletic types who love the outdoors and usually spend their free time fishing, climbing, swimming, and sky diving—activities that aren't currently options on Mars. Astrobiologist Cyprien Verseux, a French graduate student, plans to learn to play the ukulele while on Mars. Chief scientific officer and physicist Christiane Heinicke, who blogs in German and likes to dance, says her family questioned her sanity when she decided to participate in HI-SEAS, but she was "unchangeably intrigued by the possibility of living like a Mars explorer." Crew Commander Carmel Johnston is a soil scientist and Montana native who loves exploring national parks. "My favorite things include being outside," she writes in her bio. "Yes it's weird that I'm spending a year in a dome."
"Whenever you travel, you'll find you miss things from home, but you become accustomed to your surroundings and find that you enjoy what's around you rather than pining for what isn't," writes Johnston in her blog.
If you're going to read one crew member's blog, it should be that of Tristan Bassingthwaighte, the mission's enthusiastic architect; he uses about 60 exclamation points in a single post. He loves photography and art so his blog is peppered with beautiful images of the crew exploring "Mars" and their tasty-looking meals. He's an accomplished artist; he recently designed a retro-looking logo for the mission with flags of the crew's four nationalities—U.S., Germany, France, and U.K.—as well as icons representing each team member's specialty. (It looks like he gave himself Dr. Who's Tardis.) Making illustrations is "his major hobby" in space, he told me in an email.
This isn't the first trip to fake space for some of the crew. Lead engineer Andrzej Stewart, who used to work as a spacecraft flight controller and is using drones to "explore Mars" and monitor "space walks," recently served as the flight engineer for two weeks in NASA's three-story fake space house.
There are several space habitats here on Earth. Most run simulations that last just a couple of weeks. But The Mars Society, a space advocacy group, operates a facility that hosts four-month-long missions. Only one other has sent fauxonauts "to space" longer than this HI-SEAS mission: Mars500, sponsored by the Institute for Biomedical Problems and the European Space Agency. It sent six fauxonauts into a 775-square-foot capsule in Moscow for 17 months starting in 2010 to simulate what the journey to Mars might feel like.
Scientists have all dreamt of traveling to space one day, but for most, a faux mission will be their only chance. The screening process for simulation or sMars—as it's sometimes called—is competitive. So far, only a few dozen people have been to faux space for extended periods of time, compared to hundreds who have experienced the real thing over the decades. Mock Martian habitats only started cropping up in 2000, when the Mars Society built the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station on Devon Island in Canada, the first research analogue habitat of its kind.
But simulations have always been a part of the NASA way because they're much cheaper and safer to execute than an actual trip to space. The two-year budget for the three HI-SEAS missions is $1.2 million. By comparison, the decade-long Apollo program that put humans on the moon cost about $170 billion in today's dollars. Getting the Curiosity rover to Mars cost nearly $2.5 billion.
We have a long history going back to the late 1940s of launching animals—chimpanzees, monkeys, dogs, and mice—into space to test the safety of traveling beyond Earth's atmosphere. Their vitals were monitored closely to make sure their bodies could withstand the forces needed to escape Earth's atmosphere and weightlessness once they reached space.
Like those furry travelers of old, this crew is closely monitored. NASA scientists want to know what kind of people can thrive in such extreme circumstance, because a mental breakdown in space would lead to major problems, maybe even fatal ones, for a crew. The crew's mental well-being is tracked 24/7 "with a complex set of devices ranging from video cameras to electronic badges" to "document [their] interpersonal interactions and their impacts on [their bodies]," writes Verseux on his blog. They also take electronic surveys. NASA scientists hope to understand what causes distress and what fosters cooperation, and then to use that data to do a better job at designing living quarters and picking mentally resilient people for future missions.
So, in a way, the men and women of HI-SEAS are both researchers and research subjects. They are getting us ready for the new, deeper space age. We are learning what's physically and mentally possible with few resources, life-threatening situations, and a paradoxical combination of having no privacy and being isolated.
"We have the invaluable fortune to live at a time when sending humans to Mars is a realistic goal. I want to contribute to it," astrobiologist Cyprien Verseux told me in an email. "I want to know whether I have what it takes to be part of a manned mission to Mars."
Part of having "what it takes" is being a mental iron man. Six people are locked in a space the size of a one-bedroom apartment for 12 months, without an escape option (unless their safety is at stake). People with hot tempers, short fuses, and anxious personalities need not apply. While they have to be cool in a crisis, astronauts also can't be cold. Compassion, empathy and a knack for cooperation are important because they need to work together at all times.
"On sMars, you can't walk out the door, send an email or empty your bowels without a solid team effort," Sheyna Gifford, the doctor in the group, writes on her blog. "No matter how much someone may vex you, if you need them to eat, drink, and breathe you are going to find a way to get along with them."
So far, the crew is getting along and is "still completely sane," writes Bassingthwaighte, the architect, on his blog, though he admits the crew is only a few weeks into its journey. Long periods of isolation can cause depression and lethargy, two psychological conditions NASA scientists are keeping close tabs on.
The crew has to ask permission 24 hours in advance every time they want to step outside the dome to embark on an "EVA," astronaut speak for extravehicular activity. They have to suit up before they can leave the dome, and they can't stay out for more than three hours or wander farther than a half mile away from their solar-powered home.
"The hardest thing is never being in the open, never being exposed to fresh air," Verseux told me. "There are times I just want to put on sneakers and headphones and go for a run in nature."
That won't be an option on real Mars either. Stepping outside there will require wearing protective gear at all times because of the high radiation levels, plus the low atmospheric pressure. In other words, Martian residency is not for the claustrophobic, or fashion-conscious. "These suits make your butt look unbelievably frumpy," complains Bassingthwaighte on his blog.
The first HI-SEAS mission in 2013 lasted just four months. That focused on the eating patterns of astronauts who could only consume non-perishable foods. The current one, and the two before it, are about crew cohesion and performance, says Kim Binsted, the University of Hawaii computer science professor who heads up the HI-SEAS program.
"How do you support a crew so that they don't end up wanting to kill each other?" said Binsted by phone. "When you've got humans and machines working together, if a human breaks it can be just as disastrous as if the machines break."
Mars is so far away—250 million miles away at its furthest point—that even electronic communication can't happen instantly, like it does here on Earth. Information, after all, can't travel faster than the speed of light. Astronauts will be cut off from us way before they make it to Mars—and they need to be ready for that. Once they cruise past the moon, real-time communication won't be an option. That's why it's important that crews learn to fend for themselves for prolonged periods of time.
On the upside, Internet access on real Mars, Verseux says, probably won't be as restricted as what the crew has now.
Some day, space agencies, or interplanetary internet companies, might build local servers to make connecting to the web faster and more reliable. That way, human Martians won't have to wait 20 minutes for Facebook to load and another 20 for the update to show up as the data will be hosted locally..
Binsted and her team haven't yet analyzed all the data from all the HI-SEAS missions, but they have learned some things already that Binsted could talk about publicly. For instance, there's a phenomenon called crew ground disconnect, wherein the crew thinks mission control is too demanding and mission control starts seeing crew members as insubordinate prima donnas.
"We're trying to develop a protocol that at least lessens it or helps us to recognize it when it pops up," Binsted says. "We're getting there. We wont' be able to prevent it, but at least we can recognize when we see it and can respond to it."
One self-sufficiency NASA hasn't been able to solve yet is water. The dome has tanks that can hold 3,500 liters, or 925 gallons, but that's not a lot for six people for a year. The average American uses 80-100 gallons of water each day, according to the U.S. Geological Service. At that rate, the crew would be out of water in a week or less. So they have to conserve. They can only shower for 1.5 minutes every three days. Water gets recycled to clean the floors. They don't have flushing toilets. Instead, their poop and urine gets composted. But it's not enough. They run out from time to time.
If we're to spend any considerable length of time on Mars, we'll need to be able to make water so they're studying how to extract water from Martian soil, but until that process is perfected, someone comes and refills the dome's water tanks. (Yes, this mission lacks the constant life-threatening peril of The Martian.) Before the water delivery comes, the crew covers the dome's portholes and puts on headphones, so they won't see or hear an outsider, which would ruin the illusion of isolation.
Scientists think we'll make it to real Mars in the 2030s, at the earliest. NASA remains steadfast in its goal to send humans to Mars one day even though the space shuttle program was officially shuttered in 2011. Just as the government jumpstarted the research that led to the development of the Internet and cyberspace, but private companies that popularized it, it's likely that SpaceX and other commercial space companies will build on NASA's early investments, and end up manufacturing the machines that usher in a new era of space travel.
For now, NASA's most important work towards Mars is happening here on Earth. NASA won't fly a mission if the risk it carries is too high, what the agency dubs "red risks." Some, like microgravity or radiation, the Earth-bound HI-SEAS program can't help solve. But it can tackle crew psychology, logistics and operations.
"We're here to retire as many of those red risks as possible," Binsted said.
As for this crew of "Martians," they "return to Earth" next August. Then another crew will take their place, and maybe stay for even longer.
Daniela Hernandez is a senior writer at Fusion. She likes science, robots, pugs, and coffee.


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A 17-Year-Old Girl Has Died Just Weeks After Developing Mono Symptoms
Ariana's parents took her to the doctor, but they couldn't figure out what was wrong.
By Korin Miller
Dr_MicrobeGetty Images
Ariana Rae Delfs, 17, has died after contracting mononucleosis three weeks ago.
Her parents took her to the doctor, but they couldn't figure out what was wrong as her symptoms continued to worsen.
While it is uncommon for mono to be fatal, a doctor explains how to spot serious complications.
A family in Florida is mourning the loss of their teenage daughter after she developed a rare complication from the contagious disease mononucleosis. Ariana Rae Delfs, 17, died after contracting mono three weeks ago.
Her father, Mark Delfs, told WJAX-TV that Ariana started having typical cold-like symptoms and "seem to always have a headache" at first. Ariana's parents took her to the doctor, where she was given a lot of tests, but doctors couldn't figure out what was wrong. Meanwhile, Ariana got even more sick.
"One evening, not too long ago, she started throwing up just constantly. We got very nervous, so the next morning at 7 a.m. we said we're going to take her to the hospital," Delfs said. Still, Ariana got worse.
HEARTBREAKING: Ariana Rae Delfs was a star student-athlete & artist at Fernandina Beach High School taken far too soon.
At just 17, Ariana died of Epstein-Barr virus, better known as mono.
Hear how her family is hoping to save a life tonight only on @ActionNewsJax pic.twitter.com/HuygBUGf3r
— Dani Bozzini (@DaniANjax) December 11, 2019
"She got up to go to the bathroom. All of a sudden she couldn't feel part of her legs, and she felt like her legs were just giving out," Delfs said. Her doctors thought she was having a stroke, and Ariana was airlifted to a hospital.
"Her words were very slurred at times. She was just talking gibberish, and the damage was already beginning at that point, which we just didn't know," Delfs said. Just before she died, her doctors discovered that the teen had mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr.
Three days after she was hospitalized, Ariana died. "Her brain swelled to the point where it couldn't function and brain damage did occur," Delfs said. "And we just made the decision that it was time to let her go."
What is mononucleosis, exactly?
Mononucleosis, a.k.a. mono, is a contagious disease that is usually caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says, which is most commonly spread through saliva, as well as other bodily fluids like blood and semen during sexual contact. Other infections that can cause mono include HIV, rubella, hepatitis, and adenovirus.
Symptoms generally include extreme fatigue, fever, sore throat, head and body aches, swollen lymph nodes in the neck and armpits, a swollen liver or spleen, and a rash, the CDC says.
Most people who contract mono recover in two to four weeks, but some may struggle with fatigue for longer. In some cases, the symptoms can last for six months or longer, the CDC says. There is no treatment for mono, but patients are generally urged to get supportive care, like drinking plenty of fluids to stay hydrated, getting lots of rest, and taking over-the-counter medications for pain and fever.
How common is it for someone to actually die after contracting mono?
It's incredibly rare, says infectious disease expert Amesh A. Adalja, M.D., senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.
In Ariana's case, she developed encephalitis, an inflammation of the brain, from the Epstein-Barr virus, Dr. Adalja explains. "This occurs in about 1% of cases where you have a complication of the Epstein-Barr virus," he says. "But most of the time, even when people have that, they recover."
In general, it's "rare" to have complications of the Epstein-Barr virus and "even more rare" to actually die from them, Dr. Adalja says.
What are the signs that someone might have complications from mono?
Mono treatment is really about controlling the symptoms, but you want to be on the lookout for neurologic symptoms, Dr. Adalja says. Those include facial palsy (like facial weakness or drooping) and issues with balance. If you notice those in addition to the symptoms mentioned above, get to a hospital ASAP.
Ariana's father hopes that sharing her story will encourage other parents to play close attention to their child's symptoms. "In our case, it wasn't enough, but in somebody else's case it may save their life," he said.
To support Ariana's family, you can donate to their GoFundMe here. "This legacy fund will be used to help fund some of her passions, including music and arts programs for children, helping animals and making the world a better place," the page reads.
Like what you just read? You'll love our magazine! Go here to subscribe. Don't miss a thing by downloading Apple News here and following Prevention. Oh, and we're on Instagram too.
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Thread: More than 1,000 homes destroyed by 2 California fires
JohnDoe2
PARADISE (San Diego)
More than 1,000 homes destroyed by 2 California fires
A scorched sign and homes remain on Thursday Sept. 17, 2015 in Anderson Springs, Calif. The Valley Fire that sped through Middletown and other parts of rural Lake County, less than 100 miles north of San Francisco, has continued to burn since Saturday despite a massive firefighting effort. (Paul Kitagaki Jr./The Sacramento Bee via AP) MAGS OUT; LOCAL TELEVISION OUT (KCRA3, KXTV10, KOVR13, KUVS19, KMAZ31, KTXL40); MANDATORY CREDIT (REV-SHARE) (ONLN OUT; IONLN OUT - MBI) (Associated Press)
By Associated Press September 19 at 4:35 PM
MIDDLETOWN, Calif. — The tally of homes destroyed by two massive Northern California wildfires topped 1,000 Saturday after authorities doing damage assessments in the Sierra Nevada foothills counted another 250 houses destroyed by flames still threatening thousands of more structures.
California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection spokesman Daniel Berlant said the count of 503 homes destroyed by the blaze burning for a week in Amador and Calaveras counties comes as firefighters make progress and damage inspection teams have access to affected areas.
Cal Fire had reported 252 homes destroyed as of Friday night by the week-old fire that has charred 110 square miles.
"Some of the homes are tucked back in rural areas so it's taken time to reach them," Berlant said.
The fire, which killed at least two people, was 65 percent contained but still threatening another 6,400 structures.
A separate blaze in Lake County, about 170 miles northwest, destroyed at least 585 homes and burned hundreds of other structures. It has killed three people.
Residents of Middletown, the area hardest hit by the massive wildfire in California, were allowed to return home Saturday afternoon. Evacuation orders for other areas in Lake County remained.
The Lake County fire tore through 62 square miles in 12 hours, causing thousands of residents to flee after it ignited a week ago. About 19,000 people were ordered to evacuate. The blaze had charred 116 square miles and was 48 percent contained Saturday.
Heat was descending again on the two deadly and destructive Northern California wildfires after a few days of fair and favorable conditions, raising fears that major gains could be undone.
"We're looking at predicted weather of 100 degrees for the next couple of days, and at least mid-90s throughout the weekend," Scott Mclean, a battalion chief with the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, said Friday.
That makes it essential that the smoldering remains of the two giant blazes be dealt with as quickly and thoroughly as possible, Mclean said.
"You've got some high temps, high winds that could stir up those ash piles and those ember piles," he said. "We have to do that mop-up to be sure this fire goes to bed."
A number of survivors of the Lake County fire said they never got an official evacuation notice when the danger was at its peak a week ago.
Authorities defended their warnings and rescue attempts, saying they did all they could to reach people in the remote area of homes, many prized for their privacy.
"You may get that notice, or you may not, depending on how fast that fire is moving," Cal Fire spokeswoman Lynnette Round said. "If you can see the fire, you need to be going."
https://www.washingtonpost.com/natio...652_story.html
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Fake polystyrene stucco also melts in the heat. Luckily a lot of California houses have tile roofs, but there were a lot of them built with western red cedar shake roofs----and will almost ignite just looking at 'em.
3 Dead, 12 Missing, Hundreds of Homes Destroyed
By JohnDoe2 in forum Other Topics News and Issues
224 homes destroyed in N.M. wildfire
1 dead, 26 homes destroyed in Nevada fire
169 homes destroyed in Colorado wildfire
Homes of Americans getting destroyed in Mexico
By dgremark in forum illegal immigration News Stories & Reports
california fires, fires, homes destroyed, wildfires


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Pillboxes Hike Oahu
Jul 15, 2016. If you're looking for a reasonably short hike with a great view in Oahu, take a trip to the Lanikai pillboxes. A steep, but short, hike brings you to.
It's the last day of 2018. Probably one of Oahu's stingiest and most underwhelming years overall, as far as weather conditions or epic flights.
Jun 14, 2018. EAST OAHU (HawaiiNewsNow) – The closure of the Lanikai Pillboxes trail will begin next week after lengthy delays. The popular east Oahu.
The Lanikai Pillbox trail is set to reopen Monday after a 60-day. is developing a master plan for the trail. PBR Hawaii held a public meeting in January, and conducted an online survey, which.
Nov 16, 2018. Overview. The Lanikai Pillbox hike is one of the most popular hikes on Oahu! Not only is the area, Kailua, very popular with Japanese tourists,
To soak in the most stunning views of Oahu's windward side, head to Lanikai Pillbox Trail for a breathtaking experience on one of the best hikes near Waikiki.
Some brief background. The island of Oahu was formed about 3,000,000 years ago when two shield volcanos erupted to create the Waianae and Koolau Mountain ranges that form most of the island. Since then they have been seriously eroded, resulting in the cliffs, ridges and valleys that you see today.
Pill Boxes Hike in Kailua is one of the best views on Oahu. Ka'iwa Ridge, AKA: Pill Boxes Trail in Kailua, Panoramic views of the best beach on Oahu.
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Visiting Oahu and looking for the perfect hike for you and your pet?. Manoa Falls; Koko Crater Arch; Lanikai Pillboxes Hike; Kuliouou Ridge Trail; Manana Trail.
Looking for the absolute best things to do on Oahu? We got you covered! Including the Stairway To Heaven (Haiku Stairs) Tantalus lookout, Skydiving, Manoa Falls, Waimea Bay, Cliffjumping, Sunset Beach, Makua Cave, Maunawili Falls, Swimming with dolphins, and much more!
LANIKAI, OAHU (HawaiiNewsNow) – The wait is almost over! After two months, the popular Lanikai Pillbox trail is set to reopen on Monday. The popular trail was closed in June so that crews could make.
The popular Lanikai Pillbox trail closed Wednesday for two months for the state to conduct repairs. In addition, parking restrictions will be in place in Lanikai for the three-day Good Friday holiday.
Aug 16, 2018. One of the easier hikes on Oahu, yet the Lanikai Pillbox Hike provides an amazing view over ocean and the Nā Mokulua, especially during the.
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See 761 photos and 45 tips from 2672 visitors to Lanikai Pillboxes Hike. "Keep hiking past the two pill boxes to avoid the crowds and take in the."
Koko Crater is listed on multiple websites as one of the top hikes on Oahu along with Makapuu Lighthouse, Lanikai Pillboxes, Manoa Falls and Diamond Head summit trail. The Diamond Head Summit trail is.
This is a great guide to Oahu! You went up to the Lanikai Pillboxes! I want to do that so badly! I haven't spent much time on Oahu, but you really created a fantastic itinerary on.
Jul 28, 2017. Enjoy the views from the summit of the Lanikai Pillbox Hike as the sun rises over the ocean and islets before lighting up the beachside town of.
Travelers looking for Oahu hotels will love Aqua-Aston Hotels. Our properties are centered in world-famous Waikiki with shopping and dining just steps away.
Jan 15, 2019. Sunrise Destination? Lanikai Pillbox Hike. Living close to Wahiawa, we had a short travel distance towards Kailua, which is only about a.
Oahu tourism Hawaii vacation activities information about Hawaii hiking along the short, steep, and breathtakingly beautiful Lanikai Pillboxes Trail on the edge.
LANIKAI, OAHU (HawaiiNewsNow) – After it was closed for about two months, the popular 'Pillboxes' trail in Lanikai will be closing again, but this time, just for a day. The DLNR said Wednesday they.
Our trail is experiencing the same problems as many other O'ahu hiking trails; it is being loved to death. Though located on state land, this trail is not on the managed inventory of.
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The Lanikai Pillbox Trail, also known as the Kaiwa Ridge Trail, is a family-friendly hike. The beginning of the trail is steep with loose gravel, but gets more.
It is commonly called the Lanikai pillbox trail. The closure will allow the state to repair. The repairs are the result of a structural assessment report prepared by Kai Hawaii Structural and.
You could describe Kailua as a typical residential area that arose from post-war development on the Windward side of Oahu. But as anyone who calls the urban side of Oahu "home" will tell you, you're missing the point.
commonly known as the Lanikai Pillboxes Trail, following years of growing frustration. "Erosion is a really huge concern," said Marigold Zoll, Oahu Branch Forestry and Wildlife Manager. "The number of.
714 reviews of Koko Crater Railway Trail "THE KOKO HEAD CRATER HIKE: Brutal but worth the grind! This abandoned railway track is called the "Stairs of Doom" for a reason! So, if you're in for a challenge, this one is for you! ALL YOU NEED TO…
Honolulu (KHON2) – The State Department of Land and Natural Resources says the work to repair the structures at the top of the Lanikai Pillbox Trail has been delayed until further notice. The DLNR had.
Childcare For School Holidays Welcome to the Glen Urquhart Childcare Centre! The Glen Urquhart Childcare Centre is a community run group formed in 1995 providing a stimulating learning environment for children in. How to apply for an early learning and childcare place. If you would like to apply for a Local Authority Nursery place for your child you must visit the school of your choice and complete an application form. Finding quality childcare can be a major parenting challenge. If you're returning to work, start thinking about childcare soon after your baby's born — or as early as your second trimester if you live
Most visitors to Hawaii stay in Waikiki. This is most likely where you'll be starting your day. Watch surfers paddling out for their morning session or catch a wave yourself at Waikiki beach.You can also make the short, but steep 0.8-mile hike up Diamond Head.The trail will lead you to old military bunkers, a lighthouse and summit views of the ocean and Oahu's Southern coast.
A Partial List of Union, MS Area Men Lost in Combat. Pictured Left: World War II Veterans Highway; Union, Newton County, Mississippi. George Norfleet Staton, Jr. Pvt Marines, born 5/9/1925 Died 3/7/1945 (KIA) AGE 19 27th Marines, 5th Marine Div, Iwo Jima Union (Member of 1st Baptist Church, Union) (UHS) William Cooper McMahen USN Electrician's Mate 3 C Born 1919 Died April1942 Combat Age.
The Lanikai Pillbox trail on Kaiwa Ridge will be closed Sunday for site cleanup. Meanwhile, the state's consultant, PBR Hawaii, continues to gather data on trail alignment for a management plan in.
Aug 5, 2018. How to Hike Lanikai Pillboxes on Oahu, Hawaii. Whether you're a local or tourist to Oahu, one attraction that should be on your "to do list" is the.
Sep 4, 2018. Oahu—often called the heart of Hawaii—is a grea. Lanikai Pillbox is a short, easy hike (about one hour round-trip) that offers some of the best.
I love exploring the north and west shores leading up to Kaena Point, primarily because I think it is the last stretch of wild coastline on Oahu.
Later abandoned by the military, they became a magnet for graffiti artists. It would be difficult to hike to a high point on Oahu and not see a pillbox. The best time to do the Lanikai Pillbox trail.
LANIKAI, OAHU (HawaiiNewsNow) – The Department of Land and Natural Resources announced on Thursday that work on Kaiwa Ridge Trail — popularly known as Lanikai pillboxes — has been postponed until.
Heed "no trespassing" and other warning signs. Kaʻiwa Ridge Trail, more commonly known as the Lanikai Pillbox Hike, is a dirt trail that includes some rocky and gravelly sections. Located in a.
One of the most frequent email questions that I receive from Exploration: Hawaii readers is: "What are some kid friendly hiking trails on Oahu?" This post will help to answer that question. First of all, I will disregard the three hikes that both you and your children probably have already done: Diamond Head, Makapuu Light House, and the Manoa Falls Trail.
KAILUA, Hawaii – The Lanikai Pillbox trail will be closing for at least a couple of months. The State Department of Land and Natural Resources told Island News Friday, it'll be shutting it down for.
B playful, B inspired, B original at the Waikiki Beachcomber by Outrigger. An all-new boutique hotel curated by local artists and tastemakers. All just steps from iconic Waikiki Beach.
LANIKAI, OAHU (HawaiiNewsNow) – A two-month project to rehabilitate the Lanikai pillboxes will begin Wednesday, barring access to hikers for at least 60 days. The project on the popular destination,
Honolulu Fire Department rescue personnel assisted an injured mountain bike rider on the Sunset Pillbox Trail this afternoon. The rider, identified as a 60-year-old man, was biking near the trail when.
For the occasional hiker, however, it can be a daunting trek straight up more than 1,000 steps on the side of the volcanic tuff cone of Koko Crater on the southeast corner of Oahu. The trail is the.
The Lanikai Pillbox trail provides a perfect way to experience Lanikai, World War II, the pillboxes are part of the Oahu's defense system and used to alert shore.
The Pillbox Hike in Lanikai, also known as the Ka'iwa Ridge Trail, is a fun thing to do before or after visiting Lanikai Beach.
HONOLULU (KHON2) – The Kaiwa Ridge or "Lanikai Pillbox" hike reopened on Monday, Aug. 20, after a 60-day closure to rehabilitate the two observation stations, commonly called pillboxes. Work consisted.
Feb 23, 2017 · How to Prepare for a High Altitude Hike. Hiking at altitudes higher than 6,000 feet (1,828 m) is more difficult than hiking at low altitudes. This is because at this point, the air contains less oxygen than it does at lower.
May 20, 2018. From easy hikes in Oahu to the best hikes for adrenaline junkies, this list. #3 Lanikai Pillbox Hike/Kaiwa Ridge Trail – One of the best hikes in.
Hiking Joshua Tree National Park
Last Minute Vacations Transat


This medium size ring looks impossibly real. The pear shape center stone is 7mm by 10mm in size in a lucsious shade of champagne. The center stone is set with three prongs and there are three graduated size clear round CZ stones channel set on each side. Although the band is silvertone, all stones are edged in gold to add a modern look. From the tip to the bottom of the stone it is about 3/8 inch. The ring is much shinier than the picture in highly polished rhodium and gold plated brass.


text:
Loathe at First Sight
Queen: The Neal Preston Photographs
Magic Lessons: The Prequel to Practical Magic
Leave the World Behind: A Novel
All Adults Here: A Novel
MBS: The Rise to Power of Mohammed bin Salman
Do You Feel Like I Do?: A Memoir
The Room Where It Happened: A White House Memoir
Where I Come From: Stories from the Deep South
Ten Lessons for a Post-Pandemic World
The Best American Sports Writing 2020 Book PDF
Download and Read Online The Best American Sports Writing 2020 Book Full Pages Content. Book The Best American Sports Writing 2020 available in PDF, Mobi, Tuebl, ePub, Kindle etc. Click button and get your favorite books in the internet library database. Register now and create free account to access unlimited books with fast download and no ads! DOWNLOAD & READ as many books as you like.
Book: The Best American Sports Writing 2020
Represented in this year's collection are giants in the field as well as up-and-coming writers to watch--the only shared traits among the diverse styles and voices are the extraordinarily high caliber of writing and the pure passion they ...
Author : Jackie MacMullan
Publisher : Mariner Books
The Best American Sports Writing 2020 Book Summary :
For over twenty-five years, The Best American Sports Writing has been a showcase for the most exceptional sports journalism of the previous year, selected by an acclaimed guest editor. Represented in this year's collection are giants in the field as well as up-and-coming writers to watch--the only shared traits among the diverse styles and voices are the extraordinarily high caliber of writing and the pure passion they tap into.
The latest addition to the acclaimed series showcasing the best sports writing from the past year.
Author : Glenn Stout
The latest addition to the acclaimed series showcasing the best sports writing from the past year. For over twenty-five years, The Best American Sports Writing has built a solid reputation by showcasing the greatest sports journalism of the previous year, culled from hundreds of national, regional, and specialty print and digital publications. Each year, the series editor and guest editor curate a truly exceptional collection. The only shared traits among all these diverse styles, voices, and stories are the extraordinarily high caliber of writing, and the pure passion they tap into that can only come from sports.
Book: The Year s Best Sports Writing 2021
This extraordinary collection reveals the fascinating stories behind the sports we love, the competitors who push their boundaries, and the cultures they are ultimately embedded in.
Publisher : Triumph Books
Release : 05 October 2021
The Year s Best Sports Writing 2021 Book Summary :
A must-read collection featuring the best in sports journalism Glenn Stout, founding editor of the Best American Sports Writing, has curated an essential anthology showcasing incredible feats and diverse perspectives across the world of sports. Selected from a wide range of newspapers, magazines, and digital publications during the previous year, these stories capture enduring moments while celebrating the craft of writing at its most sublime. This extraordinary collection reveals the fascinating stories behind the sports we love, the competitors who push their boundaries, and the cultures they are ultimately embedded in.
Author : Wright Thompson
Publisher : Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Category: Literary Collections
For twenty-five years, The Best American Sports Writing has built a solid reputation by showcasing the greatest sports journalism of the past year, culled from hundreds of national, regional, and specialty print and digital publications. Wright Thompson, many times included in this volume over the years, takes his turn at the helm by curating this exceptional collection. The only shared trait among these diverse pieces is the extraordinarily high caliber of writing, but collectively they tap into the pure passion that can only come from sports. And for all aspiring sports writers, says Thompson, "these selections are both road map and compass." The Best American Sports Writing 2015 includes Don Van Natta Jr., Chris Ballard, Katie Baker, Christopher Beam, Wells Tower, Seth Wickersham, Ariel Levy and others WRIGHT THOMPSON, guest editor, started his sports writing career as a student at the University of Missouri, where he covered sports for the Columbia Missourian. He interned at the Times-Picayune in New Orleans and worked as the LSU beat writer. He then moved to the Kansas City Star, where he covered a wide variety of sports. In 2006 he joined ESPN.com and ESPN: The Magazine as a senior writer. He lives in Oxford, Mississippi. GLENN STOUT, series editor for The Best American Sports Writing since its inception, is the author of Young Woman and the Sea and Fenway 1912. He serves as the long-form editor for SB Nation and lives in Alburgh, Vermont.
The latest addition to the acclaimed series showcasing the best sports writing from the past year For over twenty-five years, The Best American Sports Writing has built a solid reputation by showcasing the greatest sports journalism of the ...
The latest addition to the acclaimed series showcasing the best sports writing from the past year For over twenty-five years, The Best American Sports Writing has built a solid reputation by showcasing the greatest sports journalism of the previous year, culled from hundreds of national, regional, and specialty print and digital publications. Each year, the series editor and guest editor curates a truly exceptional collection. The only shared traits among all these diverse styles, voices, and stories are the extraordinarily high caliber of writing, and the pure passion they tap into that can only come from sports.
Book: The Best American Sports Writing of the Century
Spotlights some of the century's great moments in sports, in works by Red Smith, Damon Runyon, Frank Deford, John Updike, Hunter S. Thompson, Bob Considine, and A. J. Liebling
Author : David Halberstam
ISBN 13 : UOM:39015047475663
The Best American Sports Writing of the Century Book Summary :
Book: The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2020
These gripping narratives masterfully translate the work of today's brightest scientists, offering a clearer view of our world and making us care.
Author : Michio Kaku
Category: Nature
The Best American Science and Nature Writing 2020 Book Summary :
A collection of the best science and nature writing published in North America in 2019, guest edited by New York Times best-selling author and ground-breaking physicist Dr. Michio Kaku. "Scientists and science writers have a monumental task: making science exciting and relevant to the average person, so that they care," writes renowned American physicist Michio Kaku. "If we fail in this endeavor, then we must face dire consequences." From the startlingly human abilities of AI, to the devastating accounts of California's forest fires, to the impending traffic jam on the moon, the selections in this year's Best American Science and Nature Writing explore the latest mysteries and marvels occurring in our labs and in nature. These gripping narratives masterfully translate the work of today's brightest scientists, offering a clearer view of our world and making us care. THE BEST AMERICAN SCIENCE AND NATURE WRITING 2020 INCLUDES RIVKA GALCHEN - ADAM GOPNIK - FERRIS JABR - JOSHUA SOKOL - MELINDA WENNER MOYER - SIDDHARTHA MUKHERJEE - NATALIE WOLCHOVER and others
Book: The Best American Magazine Writing 2020
The anthology showcases the work of remarkable stylists, including Jia Tolentino's cultural commentary (New Yorker) and Ligaya Mishan's columns on food and culture (T: The New York Times Style Magazine).
Author : Sid Holt
Publisher : Columbia University Press
The Best American Magazine Writing 2020 Book Summary :
The Best American Magazine Writing 2020 brings together outstanding writing, from in-depth reporting to incisive criticism. The anthology features excerpts from major projects that challenge American certitudes: the Washington Post Magazine's "Prison" issue, detailing the scope of mass incarceration, and the New York Times Magazine's "The 1619 Project," which recenters the nation's history around slavery and its legacies. It includes extraordinary globe-spanning journalism, including pieces on the genocide against the Rohingya (New York Times Magazine) and the unintended consequences of a dengue fever vaccine (Fortune). Pamela Colloff details prosecutors' reliance on an untrustworthy jailhouse informant (New York Times Magazine in partnership with ProPublica), and a ProPublica series investigates the disaster that befell the USS Fitzgerald. The anthology showcases the work of remarkable stylists, including Jia Tolentino's cultural commentary (New Yorker) and Ligaya Mishan's columns on food and culture (T: The New York Times Style Magazine). Columns by s.e. smith consider disability (Catapult), and the DeafBlind poet John Lee Clark writes about art he can touch (Poetry). Jordan Kisner visits a Martha Washington–themed debutante ball in Texas near the Mexican border for The Believer, and Jacob Baynham offers a moving portrait of his father-in-law (Georgia Review). Arundhati Roy excoriates the increasing authoritarianism of Modi's India (The Nation in partnership with Type Media Center). The anthology concludes with Jonathan Escoffery's short story of homesickness for Jamaica, "Under the Ackee Tree" (Paris Review).
The latest addition to the acclaimed series showcasing the best sports writing from the past year
For a quarter century, the annual Best American Sports Writing has showcased the greatest sports journalism of the previous year. This year's guest editor, acclaimed author Howard Bryant, continues the tradition, seeking out writing that best captures the unpredictable journey of sports. Triumphantly and painfully, these stories reflect on that journey, asking difficult questions about who we are, as individuals and as a nation: What does it mean when a football player takes a knee during the national anthem, who decides where the remains ofan American legend should rest, and how far will people go to reclaim dreams that have long slipped away? Spanning different sports, disciplines, and styles, these pieces are, above all, inspirational to readers, writers, and athletes around the world, proof of the bonds and breaking points that exist between and within us all.
Book: The Best American Food Writing 2020
The year's top food writing from writers who celebrate the many innovative, comforting, mouthwatering, and culturally rich culinary offerings of our country. "These are stories about culture," writes J. Kenji López-Alt in his introduction.
Author : J. Kenji López-Alt
The Best American Food Writing 2020 Book Summary :
The year's top food writing from writers who celebrate the many innovative, comforting, mouthwatering, and culturally rich culinary offerings of our country. "These are stories about culture," writes J. Kenji López-Alt in his introduction. "About how food shapes people, neighborhoods, and history." This year's Best American Food Writing captures the food industry at a critical moment in history -- from the confrontation of abusive kitchen culture, to the disappearance of the supermarkets, to the rise and fall of celebrity chefs, to the revolution of baby food. Spanning from New York's premier restaurants to the chile factories of New Mexico, this collection lifts a curtain on how food arrives on our plates, revealing extraordinary stories behind what we eat and how we live. THE BEST AMERICAN FOOD WRITING 2020 INCLUDES BURKHARD BILGER, KAT KINSMAN, LAURA HAYES, TAMAR HASPEL, SHO SPAETH, TIM MURPHY and others


text:
The Secretary of State to the High Commissioner in Turkey (Bristol)
[Paraphrase]
Washington, January 20, 1927—6 p.m.
12. Your telegram No. 8, January 19, 7 p.m.
The President has not rejected the treaty. On the contrary, he has done everything possible to secure its ratification. The United States Senate, however, did refuse its consent to ratification. You should make this clear to the Government of Turkey.
It is within the discretionary power of the President to resubmit rejected treaties to the United States Senate for reconsideration. However, it would not be practicable to resubmit the American-Turkish treaty of August 6, 1923, to the United States Senate, because only five Democratic members voted for consent to ratification. In December 1927, a new Senate will come into existence, but it is doubtful whether it will be advisable to resubmit the treaty to that Senate. However, if you think it would be helpful, you may sound out the Government of Turkey on this point.
By accrediting an Ambassador, diplomatic relations would be resumed.
The Department is aware of the attitude previously taken by the Government of Turkey in not entering into diplomatic relations prior to the exchange of ratifications of a treaty of amity. It entertains the hope, however, that one of the two procedures set forth in paragraphs numbered (1) and (2) of the Department's telegram No. 10, January 18, 7 p.m., may be acceptable to the Government of Turkey in lieu of a treaty of amity.
Agreement between the United States and Turkey to establish diplomatic and consular relations and to preserve the status quo in commercial relations, effected by exchanges of notes, February 17, 1927 (Documents 716-762)


Certainly one of quite possibly the most typical electrical wiring inquiries is regarding how to wire a change. Although making use of switches at your house is very easy, wiring 1 may well not be that easy for everyone. An ON-OFF switch is actually quite simple to wire. You'll find various kinds of switches, but for this example, let's say you will be setting up a single-pole toggle switch, a very frequent swap (as well as simplest).
You will discover a few colors of wires inside a standard single-pole toggle switch: black, white, and inexperienced. Splice the black wire in two and link them about the terminal screws - a person on prime along with the other on the base screw in the switch. The white wire serves being a resource of uninterrupted electricity and is particularly usually related to a light coloured terminal screw (e.g., silver). Connect the green wire into the ground screw of your switch.
These techniques would normally be ample to help make an average swap do the job with no difficulty. Nevertheless, in case you will not be assured that you just can accomplish the undertaking properly and securely you much better enable the pros get it done as a substitute. Soon after all, there is a cause why this job is amongst the most typical electrical wiring queries requested by the majority of people.
For a few purpose, ways to wire a ceiling fan is additionally considered one of probably the most popular electrical wiring thoughts. To simplify this process, you can use one swap for a single ceiling fan. To wire the enthusiast, it can be merely a matter of connecting the black wire with the ceiling fan to the black wire from the change. If there is a light-weight, the blue wire should be linked into the black wire from the change likewise.
There are actually explanations why these are definitely essentially the most commonly questioned electrical wiring inquiries. A single, many imagine it is simple to carry out, and two, they're the widespread electrical duties in your house. But you then shouldn't set your protection in danger as part of your aim to save money. The stakes could even be much larger should you try and cut costs and do an electrical wiring position without having adequate know-how or knowledge.


Armstrong, Adelia N. Armstrong, US11511.
Armstrong, Carl Raymond Armstrong, US2711cspouse2.
Armstrong, George Leonard Armstrong, US11481.
Armstrong, Gerald K. Armstrong, US7854.
Armstrong, Harrison R. Armstrong, UNUS2484.
Armstrong, Helena Flodin Armstrong, OT3153.
Armstrong, Judith Elizabeth Armstrong, IR1818spouse.
Armstrong, Leonard L. Armstrong, US10951spouse1.
Armstrong, Leslie W. Armstrong, US7856.
Armstrong, Leslie Warren Armstrong, US6929aspouse.
Armstrong, Mary A. Armstrong, US11480.
Armstrong, Neil Edgar Armstrong, US7853.
Armstrong, Stanley Ignatius Armstrong, IR69hspouse.
Armstrong, William E. Armstrong, UNUS2483.


To treat your allergies, we offer under the tongue Allergy Drops, also known as sublingual immunotherapy (or SLIT), as an alternative to allergy shots or injections.
The drops are custom made for each patient based on what environmental allergens that patient is allergic to.
The patient administers the allergy drop under their tongue each day, and builds up doses over several months until a maintenance level is achieved. A major advantage of allergy drops is that they are administered in the convenience of your home, instead of at the doctor's office.
The incidence of significant adverse reactions to allergy drops is very low and the most common reaction reported is mild itching or tingling of the mouth or tongue. It is extremely rare to have a serious systemic reaction to allergy drops, unlike allergy shots.
The extracts used in SLIT are the same FDA approved, standardized, extracts used in injection immunotherapy. However, because the FDA has not yet approved these allergy extracts for sublingual administration, they are classified as "off-label". Off-label use of an FDA approved product is extremely common in the United States, and is often utilized by physicians. The classic example is the off-label use of aspirin to help prevent heart attacks, which occurred for years when the FDA had not yet approved this use, even though it was widely known that aspirin treatment was safe and effective.
There is frequently a very long lag time between when a medical treatment is proven to be effective and when the FDA approves it to treat a specific medical condition. However, because of this, few insurances cover sublingual immunotherapy.
I've suffered from allergies and sinus issues my whole life. Thanks to Dr Scotch, I now know what it's like to live life without blowing my nose all day!! He is very professional, empathetic and knowledgeable.


Overcoming undesirable single strength juice consistency.
Blending offers the opportunity to adjust sugar/acid ratios and compensate for other imbalances in juice from a single harvest or cultivar, since many factors influence the composition and quality of juice (Table 3.1). These differences can be dramatic and complicate the task of a manufacturer committed to a uniform product with established standards. Fortunately, by blending several batches of juice with complementary compositions a uniform, standard juice is practical. Adjusting 100 percent juices is much more of a challenge than manipulating acid and sugar in juice beverage blends.
In a similar sense defects in many juice quality or nutritional attributes can be overcome by proper combination of juices. Further adjustments call for additional ingredients. Extremely acidic and/or strong flavoured juices completely mask more subtle juices. In which case, non-juice sweeteners can greatly extend the juice, although labelling regulations must be precisely followed.
One of the primary considerations in choosing individual components and preparing juice blends is ºBrix/Acid ratio (°B/A). Depending upon the juices involved this ratio determines the sugar acid balance and influences the perception of each. For example, a 10 percent solution of sucrose is moderately sweet. Adding 1 percent citric acid for a °Brix/A of 10 produces an intensely sour sensation. This solution requires a few percent more sugar before the sensation of sweetness is once again dominant. Certainly, juices are much more complex but °Brix/A remains an important factor.
The °Brix/A of some common juices are listed in Table 9.1 It should be emphasized that these figures are quite general, since there are wide ranges among a single species. Even at optimum maturity, ºBrix and acid can vary appreciably. Recent cultivar selection and breeding efforts have decreased acid levels and increased solids (sugars) in some fruits to facilitate fresh eating and juicing. In addition, there are consumer preferences to consider. Orange juice at a °Brix/A of 12 is standard in North America, while in the tropics 15 or more is deemed acceptable. Although a given °Brix/A can be obtained by modifying either Brix or acid (or both) juice blends or beverages with less than about 7ºBrix are deemed weak and watery. Those containing more than ~1.2 percent acid are sour, independent of °Brix/A.
Table 9.1: ºBrix/Acid ratios of some common fruit juices.
Added sweetener may include cane or beet sugar (sucrose), high dextrose equivalent corn syrup, or high fructose corn syrup. The syrups have a cost advantage over sugar in the United States of America. Non or low caloric sweeteners also have a place in juice blending. In this case the °Brix/A is inappropriate and the perceived sweetness must be balanced by trial and error, since the artificial sweeteners contribute little soluble solids and have varying characteristics depending upon the juice mix.
An additional concern is the organic acid used to adjust the °Brix/A. Normally the predominant acid naturally present is the best choice, i.e. citric for citrus, malic for apples, tartaric and/or malic for grape. Acetic and lactic which are characteristically associated with fermented vegetable products are rarely used exclusively, although the former along with minor acids such as adipic, succinic, shikimik may contribute to an acid blend.
At one time inexpensive bulk juices were deacidified by ion exchange with the colour and flavour removed by activated charcoal. The treated juices were concentrated (removing any surviving aroma) and added simply as sweetener, proclaiming the product as pure 100 percent juice. However, since the treatment essentially removed all original juice character, such material now cannot be labelled as juice, only as natural fruit sugars. These are suitable in "all natural" blends. An ion exchanged "reduced acid" orange juice has recently been introduced to the US market and bears the label `100 percent juice'.
Figure 9.1: Calcium fortified chilled orange juice.
In Japan foods for special health use (FOSHU) are an established category and the 1994 United States Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) opened the door to dietary supplements (Office of Dietary Supplements, 2000). Juices and juice beverages are ideal and popular carriers for both recognized and fringe supplements. In fact, many natural components of juice are now recognized as having phytochemical value and are aggressively promoted in their own right.
Blending procedures require careful economic considerations. Depending upon year, location, weather and other factors, juice prices (usually valued as concentrate) can vary by a factor of 2 to 3 over a season. The more desirable and relatively scarce juices such as cranberry, raspberry, blueberry and lesser-known tropicals always have a high price, sometimes up to 100 times more than common juices. Bulk concentrate supplies of generic apple, pear, grape, orange and pineapples are usually readily available in the global market and relatively inexpensive (although premium cultivars demand higher prices). Such juices can serve as a logical blending base for other juices and added ingredients, for example sweeteners, acids, nutrients, preservatives, flavours, colours, etc. It is then up to the juice technologist to creatively blend in more costly juices to achieve the required quality and image. The regulatory aspects are quite important, since all ingredients must be properly identified on the label, along with the total juice percent quantified on a single strength basis (Table 2.2, Figure 2.1). Additionally, there is legislative pressure in some industrialized countries with strong domestic agricultural interests to demand "country of origin" labelling of fresh produce and ingredients, including juice.
The economic incentives for blending are persuasive and require careful label reading as well as understanding by the consumer. This is not easy, since juice percentage declarations are inconspicuously printed, compared to promotional material (Figure 9.2). There is no question when a beverage is 100 percent juice as that fact is conspicuously displayed on the label (Figure 2.1). Also, a beverage can have juice as the first ingredient (present in greatest amount) on a single strength basis and still not be the major ingredient on a solids basis. High fructose corn syrup or other added sugars are reported on a concentrated syrup or dry weight basis, thus representing considerably more solids than the juice. Even orange juice with 5 percent sugar added (a common practice in some countries) is actually diluted ~30 percent on a solids basis (12ºBrix from juice and 5ºBrix from sugar).
Figure 9.2: Chilled juice beverage label.
An average supermarket carries several dozen juices and juice beverages in many sizes, shapes and forms including frozen, refrigerated, shelf stable single strength, concentrate and dried powder (Figures 1.2, 8.2, 8.18 and 17.5). Items range from 100 percent juice to completely artificial, perhaps with some added natural flavourings and colours. The price, single strength equivalent, can vary over 5 fold. Not surprisingly, "100 percent Natural" or "100 percent+" (of specified nutrients) on the label can contain little, if any juice.
Nevertheless, there is a certain health and image aura about 100 percent juice products that can be maintained and encouraged by judicious blending of complementary juices and accompanying marketing skills. "Natural" is an effective sales tool, even when the juice technologist can and does improve upon Nature.


User authorization against nested AD group and sending the parent group details in Header response. In existing setup, I have access policy setup to check authorization against one AD group and have active expression to send out only that AD group name in custom header response. The code application end just look after that AD group name and do further authorization check in their own database to display appropriate pages to end user as per the role.
However lately we found that application team added few AD groups as member of parent AD group which is added in the access policy. Application team wants all users in nested group to have access to their application and they want us to send out the parent group name only(no code changes at their end). To address first requirement of nested group authorization, I enabled "Allow Nested groups" checkbox in allow access policy however it's not authorizing.
Can someone please help with solution to address this?
Finally managed to get hands on my lab at the end of day (logged off my primary work network).
Here it is, what works for me. My Policy Server is R12.7 on Linux with CA Directory R12.5 SP01 on Linux as User Store.
 SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS Works as per CA Documentation. Returns both Parent and Nested Group.
 Works with Expression returning only the Parent Group.
 SM_USERGROUPS Works as per CA Documentation. Returns only the Nested Group i.e. the Group that user is memberof.
The next action, is to look at your AD group structure, configured responses, webagent traces and policy server traces.
Could you upload all these details to the case please as a single zip file.
what has been configured on Responses in your policy.
SmTestTool result in a notepad (copy paste the result from SmTestTool).
how nested group is setup in AD. The entire structure.
Policy Server Trace log for the txn.
Policy Server Version R12.52 SP2.
Usually, checking "Allow Nested groups" on policy should be enough for az. Can you enable trace logs?
Don't forget to link the response to a rule.
Did you flush the cache after making the Policy changes ?
I was able to resolve issue with Nested groups as AD groups were not created with proper scope.
I'm member of nested group and AppParentGroup is parent group. However, this is not giving my Parent group name in header response.
When we write expression, and it returns failure. Always take a step back and break the expression into singular functions.
This will return all the groups user is a memberof. If here you don't see the Parent Group, then FILTER won't return any result. First lets debug this part and then work forward.
Yes, GET('memberof') is returning all AD groups which user is member of. I don't see a parent group as user is not directly member of it, but it's giving me nested group details. This makes sense.
I would like to know if we can configure a regular expression to know the parent group name only. The regular expression which I mentioned earlier works well when user is directly member of parent group. But with new requirement, user can be member of any nested group and if yes, then only parent group name needs to be returned in header response.
GET('SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS') - This should return the parent inaddition to the child.
I tried it earlier to send SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS in HTTP header response but it doesn't return the Nested groups. It's more like of memberof giving the details groups to which user directly belongs to. I tried it one more time today, however same result.
We are currently running on R12.52 SP02 and CA bookshelf shows that this attribute is available with R12.52 releases.
FYI, AD group scope is set to Global. Do I need to check anything else?
Irrespective of the Product Version, both documentation and product functionality should be inline. SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS is a default CA SSO Header and has to be present in all versions of CA SSO.
I think there is a bug somewhere, either a bug in documentation OR a bug in the product. Presumably the latter.
I'd say it is a good time to raise a Support Case and clarify this with CA Engg; considering that you have confirmed that SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS is not returning the entire set as per what the documentation states.
When you do raise a support case, you can mention this blog in the case. Thus not needing to go through the entire process of explaining what steps were taken. I do however encourage to provide finer details of Versions / both high-level + trace logs (from WA and PS), in the support case. Paste only the case number here if you'd like to share.
"I presented your use case to a CA Services architect and you cannot achieve this function Out of The Box. Let me know if you have further questions"
I always feel CA community is place to get appropriate solution rather than submitting a ticket.
What is the CA Support Case number?
It seems by feedback from Support you are receiving both ParentGroup and NestedGroup in the Response. If that is the case then we can use expression to filter.
Could you upload the following info to CA Support Case. Thank You.
what has been configured on Response.
Thanks for following up on this !
No. I'm still not getting the parent group details when I use SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS attribute. CA Engineer reproduced the issue with on lab server with same SMPS version and he is also not getting parent group name.
We are getting same response using attributes SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS & SM_USERGROUPS.
He'll opening up a defect with Engineering team.
We cannot use both at the same time.
Can you quickly check in your ENV by just configuring SM_USERGROUPS what is returned and then configuring SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS.
Use one at a time and see the difference.
Well, I added both the responses in one policy so I can show it to CA support engineer. Earlier I configured these response separately and I was getting the same result. I tried one more time, but no luck. SMTESTTool returns same group list after configuring either or the user attribute.
cn=Parentgroup,ou=Netegrity.... is the Parent Group.
cn=nestedgroup,cn=Parentgroup.... is the Nested Group.
We are receiving Parent Group and Nested Group even when using a single response i.e. either SM_USERGROUPS or SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS. So support is going to follow up with Engg on this anomaly.
The bottemline is the issue remains in your ENV "I'm still not getting the parent group details when I use SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS attribute". Highlighting this line, because I can mention this on the case.
Thanks Hubert for your extended help ! Appreciate it!.
I uploaded requested details in case except Web Agent Trace logs as I couldn't get it from application team.
1. Application for which we want to pass parent+nested group details from AD in HTTP header is having CA directory as an authentication directory and AD as authorization directory. The auth/az mapping is setup using universal ID. Whenever we use SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS attribute in HTTP Header response, we are not getting the parent group details. It passes only group names which user is directly member of.
2. We can some other applications for which we are using AD as an authentication/authorization directory. I performed POC and passing the SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS attribute in HTTP Header response on successful authorization. To my surprise it's passing both parent & nested group details in HTTP header response.
To summarize, SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS attribute in HTTP Header response seems to be working fine when we have AD as an Auth & AZ directory and not in scenario where some other LDAP configured as Authentication directory and AD as an authorization with Auth/AZ mapping.
But in CA documentation, I don't see any such caveats.
Could you please help me in understanding why Auth/AZ mapping will cause an issue in this?
The default SM Headers are populated based on Authentication Directory, we know that for a fact. Now what I am unsure is if SM_USERGROUPS and SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS also fall in purview of Authentication Directory only. There is a table at the end of this page, which does state that SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS is available on AccessAccept. When we are using Directory Mapping can we create a OnAccessAcceptRule and assign the response to OnAccessAcceptRule, then try.
Meanwhile, could you upload in Support Case an export of just the policy domain with directory mapping and responses configured. Just want to see if everything is configured correctly.
SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS is available on all action events except OnAuthReject. In our setup, the response is mapped to GET/POST rule.
"We can't log you in. Check for an invalid assertion in the SAML Assertion Validator (available in Single Sign-On Settings) or check the login history for failed logins."
SM_USERGROUPS and SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS are computed only once after successful user authenticaiton.
It is NOT recomputed after user authorization.
That is the reason why it is also avaiable durign OnAccessReject.
So, yes SM_USERGROUPS and SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS are ALWAYS based on authenticaiton directory and not authorization directory.
I think lets take this discussion offline into CA Support Case and get back with a final answer.
VVK Vishal - I'll need you to carefully vet each word in the below Synopsis. It is crucial we understand exactly what you are seeing. I did see some disconnect from where we were in terms of understand your configuration & now where we are. Hence I need your help to scrutinize each word and correct the issue synopsis. Asking a question OR writing a synopsis is also an art (I learnt that from the best Rich_Faust and trying to improve) such that the other person understands. Hence I am going to rephrase your problem statement and your configuration.
Statement-1 : Authentication Directory = CA Dir and Authorization Directory = AD. So we are using Directory Mapping. My next question will be which Directory Mapping i.e. the one under Legacy OR Identity Mapping?
Statement-2 : We only have a GET/POST Rule in the Realm.
Statement-3 : The Realm has the Directory Mapping selected.
Statement-4 : In the Users Tab in Policies there is nothing added under CA Directory, but under AD you have users OR groups OR members OR 'All' added. Also there is the GET/POST Rule added to this Policy.
Statement-5 : When using SM_USERGROUPS only in Response, you are seeing the nested group (i.e. the Group the User is directly mapped to) returned from AD in SM_USERGROUPS.
Statement-6 : When using SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS only in Response, you are seeing the nested group (i.e. the Group the User is directly mapped to) returned from AD in SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS.
When using a single directory as Authentication and Authorization directory (i.e. no Directory Mapping), SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS populates Parent Group and Nested Group.
When using two user directories e.g. CA Directory as Authentication Directory and AD as Authorization Directory (i.e. with Directory Mapping), SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS is populated with only the Nested Group from Authorization Directory (i.e. AD).
<Vishal> We have Legacy Auth/AZ directory mapping configured for CA directory and AD on Universal ID. Universal ID configured for CA Directory is one of the attribute from user's CA directory profile i.e. XID(used as SAMAccountName in AD) and SAMAccountName for AD.
<Vishal> Yes, Active Directory UD is selected under "Legacy Authorization Directory Mapping" in realm.
<Vishal> Yes, there is no filter added under CA Directory. For AD, parent group is added & "Allow Nested Groups" is selected to authorize users from nested groups. Yes, only GET/POST rules are added to this policy.
Thank You Vishal VVK for confirming the statement. I am going to update the CA Support Case for you. We'll get off this blog for a while and discuss over the CA Support Case. Whilst I'll not be in direct forefront of the Case, I'll channel the discussion for you, Support and Engg. Then let you folks take it forward from there. Once we have a final resolution, we'll update this blog. Thus no more discussion on SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS until resolution / clarity about Product functionality in CA Support Case.
I am also checking to see if I can get you an Alternative to SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS. We can discuss that here. I am not sure if you have a SMWALKER license. There is a function called WALKGROUPS in SMWALKER, which may also fit our purpose here. Now this would again be a question for GD (Global Delivery) Sid_Mautte if WALKGROUPS is supported in a Directory Mapping Model i.e. returns "member" i.e. both Parent Group and Nested Group from Az Directory.
Unfortunately I do not see WALKGROUPS in OOB CA SSO Expressions. It may be worth a blind shot to try.
Thanks HubertDennis for your help in this !
Yes, I worked on SMALWKER tool but unfortunately we don't license for it. Please let me know if you find any alternative to cater to SM_USERNESTEDGROUPS requirement.
For the time being, I have figured out alternative to address application teams needs for their monthly release and they provided testing signoff. So we are good for time being.


Government of the Pakistan announced the budget 2018-19. The copy of the budget speech 2018-19 in Urdu version is attached herewith. The copy is complete speech of the budget in which government of the Pakistan, Islamabad increased the salaries of government employees by 10 % and also 50% increase in House Rent and Rental Ceiling. government of the Pakistan, Islamabad increased the pension of retired government employees by 10 %. The minimum pension is fixed @10000/- for retired Government Employee. The minimum family pension is fixed @7500/- for family of Government Employee. For the further details read the budget speech 2018-19 that is given below.
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On behalf of Marzzacco Niven & Associates posted in Workplace Injuries on Friday, January 18, 2019.
Most people who suffer an ankle dislocation don't confuse the injury for another. With this injury, one or more ligaments are torn in your ankle, thus causing extreme pain along with difficulty walking.
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Is there anything that increases the risk for ankle dislocation? Anyone can suffer this injury, but people who have had ankle injuries in the past, such as sprains or breaks, are more likely to run into trouble.
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Different things push each of us off balance at work. Some employees are thrown off by the slightest commotion, like street noise or swinging doors--while others believe their productivity is killed by bigger disruptions, like unscheduled meetings or frequent phone calls.
But there is one thing that distracts almost everyone in the office: Noisy co-workers.
A new survey by Ask.com, an online question answering service, found that a majority of U.S. employees (61%) agree that loud colleagues are the biggest office distraction.
Harris Interactive conducted a nation-wide survey on behalf of Ask.com, in which they canvassed more than 2,060 professionals ages 18 and up between March 26 and March 28, to unearth the preferences and habits of U.S. office workers when it comes to an optimally productive environment.
The Office Workplace Productivity study, which was released on Tuesday, showed that noisy co-workers aren't the only major productivity killers in the office.
As it turns out, telecommuting, group projects, impromptu meetings, cubicles, sitting next to the boss, and face-to-face interactions are other big culprits.
That's right: The preference to work from home isn't as prevalent as you may have thought. A majority of respondents (63%) said when it comes time to focus they prefer their personal workspace over working from home.
The survey also found that 86% of respondents prefer to work alone to hit maximum productivity, "suggesting that while group-oriented workplace perks like foosball and bean bag lounges have become popular tools for unlocking creativity and boosting morale, they don't always drive efficiency," Ask.com says.
Ross says employers used to "over-engineer collaboration with things like pool tables, foosball and video games, but with today's fluid and untethered work environment, people don't need a gimmick to gravitate to each other, they do it organically [when it's necessary]." In turn, creating a personal space where you can tune out the outside world and maximize output has become more valuable, she adds.
Forty percent of respondents named impromptu meetings from co-workers stopping by their workspace as another major office distraction. In fact, almost half (46%) said they primarily communicate with co-workers through e-mail, IM or phone to avoid the distractions that come along with face-to-face interactions (like idle chatter).
Despite citing noisy co-workers and face-to-face interactions as top distractions, more than a quarter of respondents (27%) believe they'd be more productive in an "open room" or "newsroom" setting, as opposed to a cube farm or a workspace with separate offices.
Finally, the survey revealed that more than a third of those who have a boss said sitting and working alongside a higher-up can kill productivity. In fact, 38% would rather do "unpleasant activities," such as opt for more work, sit next to someone who eats loudly, or take on a longer commute, than sit next to their boss.
READERS: What's your biggest productivity killer at work? Tell us in the comments section below.


This week it was my little one's Birthday ! He couldn't wait for the weekend for his party with grandparents( nana-nani) and friends. So my little Dennis the Menace decided to have a pretend party in his 'Castle of Let's Pretend'. Both me and my husband were excited with his detailed preparation. From arranging tiny flower pots to some jigsaw puzzles followed by a fabulous party with a cute idea of doing potluck at home. He asked us that each one of us shall make something special for his party with Diego, Dora, Spongebob, Backyardigans and of course we too. Now we had to make something yummy for his party. His nani made him a tasty platter of aloo-puri and I made him mini bundt cakes for his little friends. Now I was in a fix which glaze I should go for - Tres Leches or Dulce de leche, hence ended up doing both.
Sift flour, baking soda and baking powder over the sugar and whisk to combine. Set aside.
In a separate bowl whisk milk, vanilla extract, eggs, sour cream and vegetable oil together.
Gently fold flour mixture into liquid mixture until combined.
And our cakes are ready to get dressed.
Dulce de leche is avaiable in the supermarket but incase you want to make it yourself, here is the recipe.
Remove the labels from the cans and wrap them in aluminum foil . Set the can in a slow cooker and completely cover them with water. Cook on low for ~8 hours depending on how you like your caramel. If you do it longer you will have it darker. Take the can out & let it cool and then open and its ready for use. Refrigerate any unused dulce de leche.
Whisk together all glaze ingredients in small bowl. Set aside for 15 mins & whisk again.
And our glaze is ready to use.
Brush cooled cakes with glaze. We will make six Tres leches & six dulce de leche cakes using this method. Allow cake to absorb glaze and continue to repeat a few times, use approx half the amount of each glaze for this purpose. Now, pour approx 2 tablespoons of glaze on top of each cake.
For a stronger flavor, brush a layer of plastic wrap with the last glaze coating and then tightly wrap the cakes with it and refrigerate them overnight.
My son enjoyed his birthday treat, hope my readers enjoy it too... !!!
Oh my goodness, they are just too cute.
I'm going to save this recipe. I have the cutest mini bundt pan that I've never used because I didn't know how to adjust the recipe.
I'm sure your son had a fabulous birthday party.
happy birthday to your lillte one. I see you made a awsm treat for his party :) The glaze selection sounds great too.
WOW..lovely mini cakes for the party and the recipes sound simple too. I liked both the glazes.
these are super cute!! love the dulce de leche glaze!!
Happy birthday to ur lil one, those mini bundt cakes looks soo gorgeous and pretty..
I would love to know where you got the little bundt pans!
happy birthday to you lil guy!!! These look great and I think the mini bundts are so cute! where do you get silicone molds?
It is a nice treat. Liked the glaze.
You have nice collection of recipes. Please do visit me when you get chance.
Hi! This is my first time visiting and I love your moulds and of course your delicious creations too! Lovely!
Hi Sonia, thanks so much for visiting my blog earlier. Sorry for my late reply. I've been sick for the past few days. Bad flu & fever. Hopefully, i'll be back in shape soon. Btw, you've such a beautiful blog. Love all your pics. Thank you for sharing all the wonderful baking & cooking. Will scroll around after this. Have a great day, dear.
I love baking with my mini bundt pans but I need yours- my mini pans are an actual pan not individual bundt molds. I love that yours are silicon. Where on earth did you get them.
The perfect cake for your son and his guests- he has one lucky momma! Love the whole idea! Hope he had a great day!
Happy Birthday to your son! Those mini bundt cakes look so delicious and cute!
ThankYou so much to all my lovely friends for all your wishes and blessings.
I got a set of 12 mini bundt moulds by Kitchen Aid from a store nearby. They are available at amazon too.
I love those little bundt cake pans!
These baby bundt cakes are too cute! I stumbled onto your blog today randomly because of these little bundt pans! I bought them at a store for only $3.99 and went on Amazon.com to see what they actually were selling for and I saw a review with your the name of your blog, totally random :) Now after seeing your post, I am super excited to bake with these! I bake regularly and post recipes on my blog for soy and lactose free baked goods, I'd love it if you stopped by!


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text:
How To Live Stream Aretha Franklin's Funeral
By Josh Sorokach Twitter @joshsorokach Aug 31, 2018 at 7:00am
Stream It Or Skip It: 'Respect' on VOD, in Which Jennifer Hudson Headlines a Disappointing Aretha Franklin Bio
'Respect' Just Hit VOD, Two Weeks After Its Theatrical Release
Is 'Respect' on HBO Max or Netflix? When Will the Aretha Franklin Movie Be Streaming?
'Muscle Shoals' Is The Must-See Documentary About The Most Important Small Town In American Musical History
On Thursday, August 16, legendary singer-songwriter Aretha Franklin passed away at the age of 76 from pancreatic cancer. The Queen of Soul's iconic career spanned decades as the 18-time Grammy winner sold more than 75 million records on her way to becoming the most-charted female artist in Billboard's history.
A number of high-profile artists will perform at the Rock and Roll Hall of Famer's funeral, including Stevie Wonder, Faith Hill, Ariana Grande, Jennifer Hudson, Ronald Isley, Chaka Khan, Fantasia, and Yolanda Adams. While some pay their respects through song others say goodbye with their words. President Bill Clinton, Smokey Robinson, Rev. Jesse Jackson, Isiah Thomas, Clive Davis, and more are scheduled to speak at the service.
Here's how you can find a live stream of Aretha Franklin's funeral.
WHAT TIME IS ARETHA FRANKLIN'S FUNERAL?
The service is scheduled to begin at 10:00 a.m. ET, with coverage beginning on multiple networks around 9:00 a.m. ET. The funeral will take place at the Greater Grace Temple in Detroit, Michigan.
The Washington Post/Getty Images
WHERE CAN I WATCH ARETHA FRANKLIN'S FUNERAL?
BET Networks and HLN will air the service in its entirety, but as Detroit Free Press reports, a multitude of outlets will be covering the event. ABC News, FOX News, CNN, and MSNBC among many others plan to air portions of the service live.
There will also be myriad ways to live stream the service.
HOW CAN I LIVE STREAM ARETHA FRANKLIN'S FUNERAL?
Beginning at 10:00 a.m. ET, the Associated Press will host a live stream of Aretha Franklin's funeral on its website. Many outlets will also host live streams of the service on YouTube. The Global News is offering a live stream and we embedded the CBS News live stream below.
You may also be able to find a live stream on ClickOnDetroit.com, WXYZ.com, and on the WXYZ Facebook page beginning at 9:00 a.m.