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Author: Kim Zetter. Kim Zetter	Security
Date of Publication: 10.03.07. 10.03.07
Time of Publication: 5:58 pm. 5:58 pm
A Department of Homeland Security mailing list that provides unclassified daily news reports on critical infrastructure information experienced a meltdown today when the list apparently got misconfigured and began routing any reply that someone sent to another person on the list to every subscriber on the list. The list was further configured to reveal the e-mail address of the senders so that the names and contact details of hundreds of list members — including government workers in critical infrastructure positions — were exposed. The mishap also revealed an interesting tidbit — at least one member of the list works in some capacity with Iran's Ministry of Defense.
The problem began early this morning when a subscriber to the DHS Daily Open Source Infrastructure Report mail list sent an e-mail to the list address saying he was switching jobs and asking to have the daily report sent to his new e-mail address. Another list member replied to his message telling him that he'd inadvertently sent his request to the wrong address. That reply, however, also went to everyone on the DHS mail list, as did every other reply from people on the list telling the first two posters that their messages had spammed the entire list. Subsequent e-mails pleading with members to "stop hitting the reply-to-all button" also were spammed to the entire list. By midday, hundreds of such e-mails were clogging the list.
At one point someone suggested lightly that the mailing mix-up was a great way for list members to network and get to know one another, which then resulted in a free-for-all internet party as members spammed the list with still more e-mail, jokingly exchanging astrological signs and romantic details ("I like long walks on the beach and a nice chardonnay with my roasted duck," wrote one member), networking for jobs and, in the case of at least one list member, campaigning for political office.
One government worker, however, wasn't amused.
From: Kinder, Mike [mailto:XXXXXXX@tswg.gov]
Subject: URGENT REQUEST FROM DOD RE: DHS_Daily_Report_2007-10-02
This is your COMBATING TERRORISM OFFICE for DOD asking you to kindly stop now please. We actually have work to do.
Not to be a buzz kill but this is NOT a networking tool. I will make a list of these responses to have all of you removed if it continues.
Michael Kinder
SETA Support to the TSWG
http://www.tswg.gov
NIPRNET: XXXXXXX@tswg.gov
SIPRNET: XXXXXXX@tswg.sgov.gov
The Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) is the U.S. Government's national forum that identifies, prioritizes, and coordinates interagency and international research and development (R&D) requirements for combating terrorism. Through the Department of Defense's Combating Terrorism Technology Support Program and funding provided by other agencies, the TSWG rapidly develops technologies and equipment to meet the high priority needs of the combating terrorism community, and addresses joint international operational requirements through cooperative R&D with major allies. For information on TSWG technology projects, transition opportunities, and other user information, please visit the TSWG web page at www.tswg.gov.
The list is run by a government contractor Computer Sciences Corporation. List subscribers include government workers involved in security and counterterrorism efforts, employees of government contractors and security companies, as well as journalists and researchers. None of the information exchanged on the list is classified and can all be obtained from other sources. But many of the messages included signatures at the bottom of the e-mail disclosing the sender's government title and contact details, which could potentially be of use to someone wanting to social engineer the government worker to obtain information or spoof the worker's e-mail address and pose as him.
The problem with the list continued for at least six hours before someone finally fixed it — but not before more than 500 messages had been spammed to list members. [The NY Times reports that the total number of e-mail messages generated from the server and clogging the 7,500-member list reached 2.2 million during the mishap.] One State Department worker complained that the mishap cost her agency money since she was working overseas and being billed for every message that arrived to her handheld device.
Some of the list members were surprised when the worker from Iran, Amir Ferdosi, popped up with this message.
From: Amir Ferdosi
To: DHS Daily OSIR Distribution List
Sent: Wednesday, October 3, 2007 3:24:28 PM
Subject: Is this being a joke?
why are so many messages today?
Amir Ferdosi
Sazeman-e Sana'et-e Defa'
Qom, Iran
He added in another message:
This is very distracting to my messages. I read English slowly. My main office is in Iran, but I commute to Europe. I am a researcher for the defence ministry. Today I am just outside Marseille, France–it is very mild temperature.
My brother lives in Tustin, California. Is that near you. I visited several years ago.
with respenct, amir
This sparked an alarming response from another list member:
From: Marshall Odom
To: Amir Ferdosi , DHS Daily OSIR Distribution List
Subject: Give it a read you may see yourself in here!!!!!
Wow a reply from Iran!!!! Open source really does mean open source!!!!! For those of you that have responded to this email from an official computer with your snazzy little signature at the bottom, especially those that have every piece of contact information listed, including those of you that have disclosed sensitive phone numbers and classified email addresses have knowingly provided this information to people all over the world some of which I am sure are deemed "undesirables'. Folks wise up. This is an open report that anyone with an email address can subscribe to. Although some of you responses have been humorous to say the least (leave poor alex alone) you are opening doors to people that you do not want to. I notice some of you are in jobs that use this list as a way of staying informed although you have no true capacity in the world of infrastructure security and I applaud you for using this tool to stay abreast of all the information provided.
But those of you that are in the military or provide services through any official office you should know better than to advertise who you are and who you work for. The best tool that someone can use to gain access to information they should not have is to befriend you and what better way than through some harmless emails. besides now they have all your information. This is trade craft 101 folks. Wise up and don't reply to something just because you can. I know that I now have access to hundreds of IP addresses, email addresses, phone numbers, names of personnel in sensitive positions and locations, I am only a cover story and a fake letterhead away from trolling for intel.
I wrote Ferdosi asking him to elaborate on what he does for the Ministry of Defense. He replied that he doesn't actually work for the ministry but "for a company that creates products for security and other uses." He didn't respond to a follow-up question asking him the name of the company he works for, but a Google search on Sazeman-e Sana'et-e Defa' turns up what appears to be the Defense Industries Organization, a state-owned subsidiary of Iran's Ministry of Defense.
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We elicit human conditional punishment types by conducting experiments. We find that their punishment decisions to an individual are on average significantly positively proportional to other members' punishment decisions to that individual.
Boyd, R., Gintis, H., Bowles, S., 2010. Coordinated Punishment of Defectors Sustains Cooperation and Can Proliferate When Rare, Science 328: 617-620.
Cinyabuguma, M., Page, T., Putterman, L., 2006. Can Second-Order Punishment Deter Perverse Punishment? Experimental Economics 9: 265-279.
Denant-Boemont, L., Masclet, D., Noussair, C., 2007. Punishment, Counter-punishment and Sanction Enforcement in a Social Dilemma Experiment. Economic Theory 33: 145-167.
Fehr, E., Gächter, S., 2000. Cooperation and Punishment in Public Goods Experiments, American Economic Review 90: 980-994.
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Fischbacher, U., Gächter, S., Fehr, E., 2001. Are people conditionally cooperative? Evidence from a public goods experiment, Economics Letters 71: 397-404.
Herrmann, B., Thöni, C., Gächter, S., 2008. Antisocial Punishment Across Societies, Science 319: 1362-1367.
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Nikiforakis, N., 2008. Punishment and counter-punishment in public good games: Can we really govern ourselves? Journal of Public Economics 92: 91-112.
Nikiforakis, N., Normann, H.-T., 2008. A Comparative Statics Analysis of Punishment in Public Goods Experiments, Experimental Economics 11: 358-369.
Rand, D., Armao, J., Nakamaru, M., Ohtsuki, H., 2010. Anti-social punishment can prevent the co-evolution of punishment and cooperation, Journal of Theoretical Biology 265: 624-32.
Szolnoki, A., Perc, M., 2013. Effectiveness of conditional punishment for the evolution of public cooperation, Journal of Theoretical Biology 325: 34-41.


Is it time to return to Neptune?
When a workaholic young executive is left at the altar, she ends up on her Caribbean honeymoon cruise with the last person she ever expected: her estranged and equally workaholic father.
Teen Titans Go is set to come out with their first big-screen offering and the trailer is only second to Deadpool in how self-aware it is of its surroundings.
NBC's 'The Good Place' Has Been Renewed and That's No Bullshirt!
"Absolutely can't wait to see where these characters go, literally, in season two." We're going to take a wild guess and say they'll probably just go to more frozen yogurt shops.
Two Points for Kristen Bell playing the air flute for a wild gorilla.
This is a great intro, especially for people who never had a chance to see the original series.


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Home - Guns - Best 9mm Rifles & Pistol-Caliber Carbines [2022]
Best 9mm Rifles & Pistol-Caliber Carbines [2022]
Cover Photo Credit: NRA Women
1) Why Go For a Pistol-Caliber Carbine?
2) Best 9mm Rifles & Pistol-Caliber Carbines –
3) Buyer's Guide
4) Conclusion
Ruger PC Carbine 9mm Semi-Automatic Rifle Check Price
Hi-Point 995TS Carbine 9mm Semi-Automatic Rifle Check Price
Kel-Tec SUB2000 Glock 17 Magazine 9mm Rifle Check Price
CZ Scorpion EVO 3 S1 Carbine Semi-Automatic Rifle Check Price
Sig Sauer MPX 9mm Carbine Semi-Auto Rifle Check Price
Handgun, meet shoulder stock.
For all of you who like to spice it up at the shooting ranges, a 9mm rifle should be enough to satisfy your need for fun.
Sure, the 9mm is most commonly known as a handgun round, but there are lots of manufacturers that produce 9mm pistol-caliber carbines.
The 9mm rifle—or more commonly 'pistol-caliber carbine (PCC)'—is a versatile piece of weaponry that often raises brows more than it raises muzzles. It may sound crazy, but shooting 9mm rifles actually makes sense.
In this nifty buyer's guide, we'll take a look at some very interesting 9mm rifles, what makes them tick, talk about their strengths and weaknesses, and hopefully convince you to try them out.
Why Go For a Pistol-Caliber Carbine?
You're probably thinking, "I'll just stick to my trusty AR-15 and keep it simple", and yes, you could do that.
However, a 9mm PCC is lighter, more mobile, and has a wider utilization and viability than standard semi-automatic rifles, not to mention the low-cost ammo.
Whether it's plinking, target practice, self-defense, or even hunting, it makes total sense to invest in a rifle that can fill lots of roles and act as a jack-of-all-trades firearm, and besides, it really complements your arsenal's diversity.
Let's check out the specific advantages.
The Ammo Argument
Let's face it. The biggest reason why 9mm rifles are considered as a uniquely viable firearm option is because of the low-cost cartridge that's available at any time, any place.
Almost every 9mm rifle owner uses them for target practice on a regular basis, and this requires a lot of ammo; the only other cartridge that's cheaper than the 9mm is the .22LR, but it's becoming difficult to find.
To give you an idea of how expensive standard semi-automatic rifle cartridges can be, a .223/5.56mm Winchester white box costs around $15 dollars. It takes around 5 seconds to unload a full 30-round magazine. You do the math.
Ever seen a 9mm revolver? You can check out our list of best 9mm revolvers for 2021 if you're looking for a powerful, cost-effective EDC.
Great For Home Defense
Depending on how compact the model is, pistol-caliber carbines offer much more mobility and ease of use in comparison to semi-automatic rifles and shotguns.
In the event of burglary or breaking and entering, having a viable home defense option like a compact 9mm rifle is better than blowing holes in your walls with a 12-gauge Mossberg.
The low-recoil 9mm cartridge and the shorter frame of the PCC enable you to act fast and maneuver better around your home.
Additionally, the stock offers better handling and accuracy at short and long ranges while allowing you to maintain your form while shooting bursts and follow-up shots. It makes a world of difference in contrast to concealed carry handguns.
A Viable Option for Hunting Coyote
The 9mm can be loaded with 147 grain bullets that can reach 1100 ft/s, and thanks to the long 16-inch barrel, shot placement and accuracy won't be a problem at a mid-range.
To put things into perspective, handguns have 3- to 5-inch barrels, while semi-automatic rifles are commonly associated with 16-inch barrels. Depending on the cartridge, longer barrels boost bullet velocity, energy, and accuracy.
Nevertheless, if you're looking for an outdoor/survival rifle, a well-placed shot within a range of 25 to 50 yards is enough to kill a deer, but you should stick to the .30-06 Springfield or the .270 Winchester if you're going for ethical kills. As for coyotes and other varmints, a 9mm rifle really does the trick.
At the end of the day, I would not recommend the 9mm PPC as a hunting option. However, it's a decent survival option because the 9mm has enough stopping power for a medium-sized bear, for instance.
Check out our list of best deer rifles for 2021 if you're looking for some interesting buck hunting options.
Quieter Than Other Rifles and Handguns
Using an AR-15 at the ranges can do a number on your ears, and believe me, tinnitus is no joke. This is where 9mm rifles come in.
Because of the 9mm cartridge and longer barrel, you can bet that the PCC is a lot less noisy than other rifles. With the added low recoil (with the exception of the .22LR), 9mm rifles offer a very smooth and peaceful target practice at the ranges.
If you take the .223/556 NATO, for instance, the 9mm bullet is definitely quieter.
A quick disclaimer: always, and I mean ALWAYS wear your ear protection muffs and plugs, despite shooting quieter calibers.
Think of All the Aftermarket Options
Despite being a somewhat less popular rifle type, the 9mm PCC enjoys an abundance of aftermarket options and customization parts you can find on the market today.
Depending on the model and version, there are not many handgun aftermarket parts besides flashlights, sights, and magazines (essential parts don't count here).
The vastly different frame and construction offers you so many customizations that can transform your 9mm rifle into a uniquely suited firearm.
Many 9mm firearms have lots of rails and attachment points and you can add scopes, sights, magazines, and new stocks to turn your weapon into a great recreational shooting piece for all ranges and situations.
Additionally, 9mm rifles can share magazines with other 9mm handguns, depending on the model and compatibility. This takes away the hassle of purchasing different magazine calibers, which are often more costly. This way you can have two different types of firearms that use a single type of caliber. Think of all the savings you can accumulate.
Convinced? Let's now take a look at some of the best 9mm rifles.
Best 9mm Rifles & Pistol-Caliber Carbines –
Our Top Pick – Ruger PC Carbine 9mm Semi-Automatic Rifle
Excellent reliability and accuracy
Can withstand harsh conditions
Can be fitted with different magazines
Unlike most models, it's not ambidextrous
Not much accessories available
The Ruger PC Carbine is a well-balanced, 17+1-round, versatile 9mm rifle that's perfect for target shooting, competition shooting, home defense, and even hunting. But, what makes it our top choice is its great value for what it offers. The Ruger manufacturer is a leader in rifles, handguns, and modern sporting pistols, and best believe they know what they're doing with the PC Carbine 9mm rifle.
Originally designed for law enforcement use as an alternative to police officer's sidearms, its design pays a modest homage to the standard carbine with a push-button safety that's just behind the trigger guard.
The threaded and fluted barrel and adjustable Magpul shoulder stock offer comfortable shooting. The mag release is on the magazine well, the stock is fixed and has a hardcoat anodized finish, while the cocking handle is conveniently placed near the bolt, making the gun that much easier to use.
It's perfect for both new shooters and veterans, and the 3.3 lbs trigger pull feels just right. Additionally, there's also a California-compliant 10-round model too!
The downsides are that—despite the low recoil—it's still pretty heavy, weighing 7 pounds. It's also not ambidextrous like many other PPC models; most of the controls are for the right-handed, but the bolt release is somehow on the left side of the receiver which is weird.
However, the interesting takedown design of the PC Carbine is what takes the cake. It's so easy to take down and put away in small confinements, while its unique compact design also makes the rifle a great survival item.
Overall, it's a great 9mm rifle that anyone can use in any situation, not to mention the interchangeable magazine wells that accept different magazines, like the Glock magazine, for example.
Hi-Point 995TS Carbine 9mm Semi-Automatic Rifle
One of the most cost-effective options on this list
Surprisingly exceptional accuracy and reliability
Hi-Point warranty includes repairs and replacements
Has a problem with most 9mm magazines
Off-putting aesthetics
Don't laugh, but the Hi-Point 995TS is big; fairly heavy. On a serious note, this gun is the underdog of the PPC world that's secretly a champion in accuracy.
Somehow, Hi-Point is notorious for producing terrible quality handguns at a moderate price, but this little 9mm PPC is a completely different story. It's definitely one of the cheapest options you can find if you're going for a 9mm rifle.
Hi-Point managed to step up their game and created a hybrid carbine/AR-15 Frankenstein's monster. It's totally capable of blasting 100-yard bullseyes, has a 16.5-inch blued steel barrel, and polymer skeleton design that's available in several different colors and camo options.
The 995TS performs well with its simple blowback operation, not to mention the really low 9mm recoil coming from a 6.25-pound rifle. It has an internal recoil buffer, Weaver-style rails for accessorizing, sling swivels, and a scope base.
The downside to this PPC is that it's ugly and it doesn't accept most 9mm magazines. If you can't find spare magazines on the market this may be a huge problem.
On the other hand, Hi-Point offers warranty policies with repairs and replacements which is super cool.
Overall, it's a great choice if you're going for something truly cheap and you're planning to completely customize this sharpshooting abomination. You can grab some optics, foregrips, and even folding stocks if you feel that it stabs your clavicle.
Kel-Tec SUB2000 Glock 17 Magazine 9mm Rifle
Loads of other models with different calibers
Portable, easy to clean, and can fit in a backpack
Accepts most 9mm magazines
Very low recoil in comparison to the other rifles
Difficult to find
This weird-looking gun is probably the very definition of a portable 9mm rifle. The Kel-Tec SUB2000 carbine looks like an elongated pistol with a barrel and stock, but it comes in many different Glock mags like the Glock 17, 19, 22, 23, the .40 S&W variants, and Beretta, among others.
It has a 16.25-inch barrel, it's light, weighing only 4.25 pounds, and it's pretty accurate for a 9mm carbine.
It's short, lightweight, and dependable, but what I most like about this one is that it's focused entirely on utility.
The Kel-Tec SUB2000 rifle offers an edge in camping and survival, and you can fold it down and put it into a backpack for storage. Simply rotate the barrel upwards and back, and you can turn it into a metal heap that's 16 inches long and 7 inches high. Once you secure the rifle with a built-in lock and key system, it stays folded.
It has a Picatinny accessory rail above and below the barrel for aftermarket customization.
The reason why it's in such high demand is its reliability and accuracy, all thanks to the 16.25-inch barrel length. The minimalist and odd appearance may fool someone, but best believe that it works just the way that the manufacturer intended.
CZ Scorpion EVO 3 S1 Carbine Semi-Automatic Rifle
Great for short-range applications
Ambidextrous thumb safety
Adjustable trigger system
Adjustable sights
Compact, adjustable stock
M-Lok rail system for aftermarket customization options
Heavy trigger pull
Picatinny rail might not support some weaver rail accessories
Long pistol grip might not be suitable for some
Here's the CZ Scorpion EVO3 S1 Carbine. That's a mouthful, ain't it?
The Czech wonderboy of 9mm rifles—the CZ Scorpion EVO3—has a predecessor, the Vz. 61 Skorpion machine pistol that had a different role in shooting. It was designed for Czechoslovakian and Yugoslavian military units as a compact, fire-breathing sidearm for last-resort situations.
Inspired by the now discontinued Scorpion submachine gun of the same name, the CZ Scorpion EVO3 S1 Carbine got the PPC treatment.
It's a small and compact PPC that's chambered in 9mm Luger, with a whopping 20+1-round capacity, a 6.1-pound weight, and a black polymer folding and adjustable stock, as well as a forend with M-LOK attachment points if you run into any handling issues.
The M-LOK-compatible handguard for accessories works great with all kinds of lights and lasers if that's your thing.
It feels great and it shoots great, and I'm convinced this may be one of the best home defense options because it's pretty small, lightweight, and shoots straight.
The double stack polymer magazine is easy to handle and reload, and the polymer grips feel alright. It's also lefty-friendly with its ambidextrous thumb safety.
The cold hammer-forged barrel is 16.2 inches and you also get a compensating muzzle brake or a faux suppressor with your purchase, but if you want to buy one yourself, the ½-28 threads allow you to add a new muzzle brake, compensator, or suppressor.
Sig Sauer MPX 9mm Carbine Semi-Auto Rifle
Top-quality PPC
Very reliable and durable
Adjustable 16-inch barrel length
Well-balanced with low muzzle flip
Very expensive and hard-to-find magazines
Huge for a PPC
Really, really expensive
If you're looking for a top-shelf 9mm, the Sig Sauer MPX will impress you.
This is a 30-round behemoth, capable of blasting targets at a 200-yard range with no problems.
Surprisingly enough, it shoots pretty accurately for an automatic, even when you unload the whole mag in one go. It feels like a relentless AR-15, only it shoots 9mm cartridges.
It has a full-length key MOD handguard and Picatinny rail that lets you customize it with sights and attachments without affecting handling and operation. With its ambidextrous controls, charging handle, bolt release, mag release, and selector switch, it's pretty much left-hand friendly.
This rifle is designed to withstand harsh weather, has a corrosion and rust-resistant finish, can take a lot of beating, and retains heat even though it's a 30-rounder.
Sig Sauer thought of everything and wanted to really make a high-quality 9mm rifle that can truly stand the test of time.
If it wasn't for the insane MSRP, I would have moved the Sig Sauer a little higher on this list.
If you've decided to grab yourself a 9mm carbine, there are a couple of ways you can decide the best 9mm rifle for you.
It all boils down to how you'd like to use the 9mm cartridge on a rifle to your liking, whether it's competition shooting, home defense, or just for good old fun.
Check out these important factors.
Construction, Size, and Weight
Whether or not you're going for fun plinking, competition shooting, or self-defense, it's very important to ask yourself what you'll need this unique piece for.
If you're looking for a home defense option, it's best that you go for something more compact like a Hi-Point 995TS rifle that offers better mobility.
You should also keep in mind that the heavier rifles have lower recoil and vice versa. I strongly recommend you go for more compact versions for home defense.
But, if you're looking for an all-purpose plinker, defender, and competition shooter, you can consider longer barrels and comfortable stocks.
Round Capacity & Magazines
Usually, you can find 9mm pistol-caliber carbines with a 10- to 30-round capacity.
For home defense options, you might only need the California-compliant 10-round pistol-caliber rifles, but if you're going for competition shooting, I strongly recommend the 15+1 or 30+1 rifles.
The more capacity a rifle offers, the more it's costly, and I personally wouldn't consider going for anything over 15 rounds, to be completely frank.
Choosing Other Pistol-Calibers
What's great about the pistol-caliber rifles is that they have so many models and brands that offer various calibers, not just the 9mm.
The common types can shoot .40 Smith & Wesson cartridges, .45 ACP, and even some .357 SIG Sauer cartridges but that's pretty rare.
You can check out our guide on where to find the best ammo deals if you're interested.
You can choose your very own handgun caliber and shoot it from a rifle, keep in mind that the 9mm is one of the rounds that offer low recoil and muzzle rise, so this should also be considered.
By now you've probably realized that these rifles are practical because they use the same cartridge as your 9mm concealed carry handgun which really makes things easier.
The 9mm rifles offer stability, low recoil, great suppression, and are unmatched in practicality and economy with the 9mm ammo. They are well-balanced firearms for home defense, target practice, competition shooting, and sometimes even hunting if you attach a good scope and fire a well-placed shot.
The 9mm pistol-caliber carbine debate is still hot to this day, and I bet you'll ignite a bar fight with this issue. You'd be surprised how much the 9mm rifle is shunned by people who haven't even tried it, and you know how things go – don't knock it till you try it.
Before you consider anything, I strongly suggest you try it before you buy it. You'll see that the feel of shooting a 9mm pistol-caliber carbine and shooting semi-automatic rifles or submachine guns is nothing alike.
Categories Guns, Rifles

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In 1869, a women's prison opened near Knaphill. For useful employment, many of the inmates took part in craft workshops, making mosaics and panels for churches and public buildings, including mosaics around the Duke of Wellington's tomb in St. Paul's Cathedral, and several at the Victoria & Albert Museum.
This tile was displayed at St. John's Church in Woking (where some of the higher quality mosaic tiles remain), and represents their more routine efforts. The work was prepared in the prisons from making chippings from marble and assembling them as mosaics, to be delivered as slabs to their commissioning bodies, and gained the name of 'opus criminale' as an art form. The women were paid 1s 2d (6p) a day for their work.
The Victoria and Albert Museum was enthusiastic in using the prisoners' mosaics, and most of them remain in situ in the picture gallery on the 3rd floor, and the gallery between the two cast rooms. They commissioned further mosaics for their Bethnal Green annexe, the Museum of Childhood – this cost £268 and was seen as a bargain.
To find out more, visit Woking's Story.


In today's tutorial, ChromeDesignsHD, will teach you how to create beautiful Glossy Social Media Icons Tutorial from scratch using Photoshop CS6. Having quality icons can help to make a site's design look complete, and can also help with the usability of the site. Social media icons are some of the most commonly used icons, especially in blog design.... 6/01/2014 · Short for favorite icon, and also described as a shortcut icon, a tab icon, or a bookmark icon among other things, a favicon is a small, usually 16×16 mini logo you can use on your website. If a browser supports it, it will display the favicon in the places like the address bar, the bookmarks bar, tabs, page history, browsing data, etc.
Click on the "Eye" icon near the preview icon of the "Rectangle 1″ layer to make it visible. Go to the document area and slightly move the selected layers if you need it. Now the ribbon banner has been successfully created with Adobe Photoshop tools.... 26/08/2018 · The icons say it all: this justifies all text in the selected layer to the left, center, or right. Color . This color chip defaults to the foreground color when you first choose the Text tool.
In this tutorial they'll be showing you how to make your very own pen tool icon from scratch, using Photoshop CS5. Create a Cardboard Box Icon in Photoshop In this Photoshop tutorial, they show you how to make a cardboard box that can be used for a number of purposes, such as for icons or for other design purposes.
STEP 4. Now press F7 for the layers palette. Press and hold ctrl/cmd and then click on the layer thumbnail of the rounded rectangle 1. Notice that the cursor has changed as show below once you are going to click on the layer thumbnail with presses ctrl/cmd key then you This will select the rectangle out of the whole document.
Photoshop CS6 ships with four different interface brightness options. The default is dark grey with white icons, giving CS6 a vastly different look. Call me boring, but my favourite is actually the second lightest grey, which is one step darker than the CS5 interface colour. I'm sure the near-black interface will make some photographers and designers really happy.
Adobe Photoshop CS6 brings the most significant addition to the Layers Panel in ages: searching. When you're juggling twenty, fifty or even hundreds of layers in a single document, the document can become too cumbersome to manage effectively. Layer searching greatly improves this situation.


text:
Weiner 'definitely' running for mayor, will announce soon: source
By David Seifman
Anthony Weiner's bid to rise from the political dead is ready to begin in earnest — the disgraced former congressman will announce he is running for mayor as early as next week, according to sources.
"He's definitely running," one Weiner ally told The Post.
After weeks of hinting at a run, Weiner has taken a major step toward firing up his campaign by hiring a manager to guide his mayoral bid, according to a report.
Weiner has tapped political adviser Danny Kedem, who recently worked on a Staten Island congressional race, to run his impending mayoral campaign, according to a report on Politico.com.
Kedem, who worked on Democrat Mark Murphy's failed congressional run, has worked on mayoral campaigns in the past.
Sources expect Weiner will make the announcement in the next 10 days, sometime before Memorial Day on May 27 — which happens to be the second anniversary of the day he sent out on Twitter a picture of his manhood that embarrassed him into resigning from Congress.
Some think he may already have waited too long.
He needs to start getting signatures to obtain ballot status, as petitioning for all elective offices begins June 4.
Democratic mayoral debates and forums have already taken place, with Weiner on the sidelines.
A Quinnipiac poll conducted in April had Weiner at second place, trailing only front-runner Christine Quinn.
Weiner was at 15 percent in the poll, while Quinn had 28 percent. Bill de Blasio was right behind Weiner, with 11 percent, followed by Bill Thompson at 10 percent and John Liu at 9.
Weiner would join the crowded field of Democrats currently vying to succeed Mayor Bloomberg in November's election.
His tweeting fiasco began when he sent what was supposed to be private message with a crotch shot to a 21-year-old woman.
That was soon followed by an image of his bare chest,
Weiner, married to Hillary Rodham Clinton aide Huma Abedin, at first insisted that his Twitter account had been hacked. But, under pressure — and in the face of mounting evidence that he was lying — he finally came clean.
Just as it seemed he was kaput, he launched a resurrection tour last month, with a series of interviews meant to burnish his image.
Prince of tides' Jersey tour


"God sent the angel Gabriel to Nazareth, a town in Galilee, to a virgin pledged to be married to a man named Joseph, a descendant of David. The virgin's name was Mary. The angel went to her and said, "Greetings, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you."
Mary was greatly troubled at his words and wondered what kind of greeting this might be. But the angel said to her, "Do not be afraid, Mary; you have found favor with God. You will conceive and give birth to a son, and you are to call him Jesus. He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord God will give him the throne of his father David, and he will reign over Jacob's descendants forever; his kingdom will never end."
To be favored, to begin such a season of unknown, to be a part of something beautiful, changing, and never ending.
ahhh i have been eyeing the backpack in the middle for what seems like ages!! so cute.


text:
mt sinai elmhurst
The Elmhurst & Mount Sinai Queens Street Shuttle bus provides transportation for Mount Sinai faculty, staff and patients between the Manhattan and Queens. In 1964, the hospital became affiliated with the Mount Sinai … Read More Nina Kello Serving a diverse demographic of patients, NYC … Mount Sinai Services at Elmhurst Hospital Center – Doctoral Clinical Psychology Internship Overview of the Training Program We offer eleven APA Accredited, full time, paid internship positions in clinical … When will they be available? Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, in New York City is a leader in medical and scientific training and education, biomedical research and patient care. Get the latest trustworthy information on the new vaccines. Our goal is for Mount Sinai to become an anti-racist health care and learning institution where all feel they belong. Book an Appointment now with a Mount Sinai doctor. 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We provide care for the residents of Queens regardless of immigration status, insurance status, or ability to pay. That Escalated Quickly sinai … View more That Escalated Quickly sinai . Learn the latest developments at the Department of Neurosurgery, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, The Blavatnik Family – Chelsea Medical Center, Heart - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart - Cardiology & Cardiovascular Surgery, Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Ear, Nose and Throat (Otolaryngology) – Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Selikoff Centers for Occupational Health, Mount Sinai – Sema4 Health Discovery Initiative Patient Opt Out Registry. Together we can save lives. NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst serves an area of nearly one million people in one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse communities in the United States. Reviews (718) 334-2390 Website. Home | About | Selection Process | Advertising | Contact | Physician FAQ | Advanced Search | Browse Listings © 2020 Super Doctors ®, MSP Communications. 1,571 Mount Sinai Hospital jobs available in Elmhurst, NY on Indeed.com. Here's What We Know. We provide community outreach, including educational programs geared to parents, teachers, coaches, and children about concussions. Get directions, reviews and information for Mount Sinai in Elmhurst, NY. Elmhurst Hospital Center is a training hospital affiliated with the Mount Sinai School of Medicine; as such some of the units serve as a training rotation for psychiatric residents, child psychiatry fellows, clinical … We are taking every step possible to keep our patients and staff safe. Control. Cholesterol™," "Target: BP," and "Target: Type 2 Diabetes" categories in recognition of our commitment to reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke through improved cholesterol management. @@sinaiem. The school opened to students in 1968 and in 2012 changed its name to Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. 51 years ago. Urgent Care Clinics provide treatment for the non-life … NEW YORK (WCBS 880)-- A nurse at Mount Sinai Hospital has died of the coronavirus, while the situation at Elmhurst Hospital in Queens is being called 'apocalyptic.' Join us as we all embrace this simple task: Wear. We are collecting and sharing stories like yours as part of our nurses by! Numbers and more for Mount Sinai doctor including educational programs geared to,! Who rotate through our Hospital as gift of tribute and gratitude same-day Appointment Nurse 's Aide, Administration and. Also train promising young neurosurgeons, who rotate through our Hospital centers New. Insurance status, or text, MD is a neurosurgeon in Elmhurst, New York 11373 at MD.com of... 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Description: Razzle Chick is a large Smooshee baby chick from the 1989 Smooshees Easter Assortment. This chick was sold with a Easter egg that she can be smooshed into. Designed for children ages 4 years and older.
FPT16347 - Razzle Chick - Large Smooshees baby chick with a white body, an orange beek, yellow wings, purple pads on the bottom of her feet, and a yellow tummy with tiny multi-colored flowers on it. Razzle has a yellow flower-shape around one eye, and a purple heart beside the other eye. She wears a permanently attached pink bonnet with lace trim.
FPT16348 - Purple plastic Easter egg with a heart-shaped opening that Razzle Chick can be smoosheed into. The egg has a purple heart and green leaves above and below the heart-shaped opening.


text:
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        {
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The Question Mark
Vol 1|No 4|January|2005
Please feel free to e-mail this article to a friend, a principal, a parent, a colleague, a teacher librarian, a college professor, a poet, a magician, a vendor, an artist, a juggler, a student, a news reporter or anyone you think might enjoy it. Other transmissions and duplications not permitted. (See copyright statement below).
Why Wonder?
By Jamie McKenzie
(about author)
© 2005, Jamie McKenzie, all rights reserved.
This article is Chapter Two of Jamie McKenzie's book, Learning to Question to Wonder to Learn. Click here for more information.
Wondering is about entertaining and exploring possibilities.
It is about hope and faith. It can also be about questioning and doubt . . . wondering why things are the way they are.
We invite good things to make an appearance. We expect that dreams can make life better. We refuse to settle for less.
"Hold fast to dreams," warned Langston Hughes, "for if dreams die, life is a broken winged bird that cannot fly."
Our sense of wonder - if alive and well - applauds each marvel, each grace, each surprise. We appreciate the extraordinary, the novel and the unique. We hunger for the good, work for the better and hope that the hohumdrum pressures and banalities of life will be supplanted by something more magical. We dream that we can transcend the mundane, that we can escape oblivion, boredom and a life without consequence.
If we are capable of wondering, our mind takes flight and dares to dream. Wondering infuses our questioning and our thinking with a spiritual aspect. Children learn that life can be much more than another brick in the wall.
Much of my own thinking about wonder was inspired by reading Rachel Carson's The Sense of Wonder, first published by Harper & Row in 1965. As an elementary principal spending lots of time wondering about the dreaming, thinking and questioning of very young children, I found that certain passages resonated intensely with my own impressions and thoughts.
If I had influence with the good fairy who is supposed to preside over the christening of all children, I should ask that her gift to each child in the world be a sense of wonder so indestructible that it would last throughout life as an unfailing antidote against the boredom and disenchantment of later life, the sterile preoccupation with things that are artificial, the alienation from the sources of our strength.
The Sense of Wonder by Rachel Carson was first published by Harper & Row in 1965. A wonderful new edition (Harper-Collins, ISBN 0-06-757520-X)) with fresh photographs by Nick Kelsh was published in 1998. It offers a vivid collection of words and images illustrating the allure of wonder.
The years of early childhood are the time to prepare the soil. Once the emotions have been aroused - a sense of the beautiful, the excitement of the new and the unknown, a feeling of sympathy, pity, admiration or love - then we wish for knowledge about the object of our emotional response.
Once found it has lasting meaning.
It is more important to pave the way for the child to want to know than to put him on a diet of facts he is not ready to assimilate.
If young ones can maintain a sense of wonder as they pass through early childhood into adolescence and early adulthood, that inclination may inspire much of their questioning. As they yearn to understand and make the best of life, a sense of wonder tilts their thinking forward. They grow bolder and stronger in their questioning, testing the edges and boundaries of conventional reasoning, pushing into new territory, demanding fresh truths and answers. They will not see school as a time to memorize time honored answers to multiple choice questions. They will refuse to participate in the "one more brick in the wall" rituals.
But wondering is not a simple joy ride. It has a dark side. The hunger for meaning is not always satisfied. The comfort of memorizing conventional wisdom and platitudes is traded for a much tougher journey, one that often frustrates, teases and disappoints the earnest student. Satisfying, authentic answers are often elusive.
And not all wondering aims high. Students may wonder about trivial matters.
"How long is a tiger's tail?"
"What was the name of emperor's fourth wife?"
Wonder can slip and slide into mere curiosity, just as curiosity can grow into wonderment.
Wondering about fundamental issues and major concerns may take courage and fortitude.
"How can we put an end to war?"
"How can we make sure all children are decently fed and housed?"
"How can we make sure no child is truly left behind?"
These are questions worth wondering about, but answers are unlikely to sprout like spring flowers eager to be picked and displayed. Only the simple minded find simple answers to such profoundly troubling and challenging questions.
Sadly, history is littered with examples of leaders and movements that cut short the wondering and searching for genuine answers to such problems, substituting gimmicks, myths and shadowboxing for real solutions. If the citizens are mentally soft, they may climb right aboard such movements without asking tough questions or wondering whether the proposals make any sense at all.
At its best, wondering combines doubting and dreaming in a powerful partnership to test value. We would hope that all of our young will acquire the inclination and the skills to wonder about the authority of a particular Web site, the reliability of information put forth by a TV or radio station and the worth of a politician's proposal.
Wondering should occur throughout every day of one's life, whether it be about the small issues or the large ones.
"I wonder what's the best way to get around this traffic jam?"
"I wonder what's going to happen in the election today?"
"I wonder how I will adjust if my candidate loses?"
Sadly, wonder can also serve the interests of social control as politicians extending as far back as the Roman Empire have run a circus of one kind or another in order to win the hearts and minds of the populace.
Tribalism, propaganda and marketing depend as much upon magic and wonder as churches, social movements, prophets and revolutionaries. Some of these uses of wonder are heavenly, inspirational and divine, while others are evil to the core, trusting to the power of magic and wonder to sway the feelings and the fears of unsuspecting folk in order to capture their obedience.
A photograph can provoke the most profound emotional reactions, whether they be feelings of wonder or horror. In current times, these images are used repeatedly in the war for human sympathy for one cause or another. The tie between horror and wonder is strong and the distance between them is all too small.
A picture of suffering provokes wondering.
A picture of torture provokes horror.
The younger citizens of this century are bombarded with such images, whether they be about war or deodorant or clothing. One cannot learn about the world without absorbing thousands of images directed at shaping our feelings, wishes, dreams and actions by manipulating out natural sense of wonder.
This book is dedicated to the proposition that wondering without questioning is a form of surrender, a kind of acquiescence in the face of powerful forces far from benign.
The schools of a democratic society are charged with a solemn responsibility to equip the young with questioning skills that support wondering in the best sense, that insulate young ones from propaganda and manipulation.
We should recognize that this goal is not embraced by powerful figures who profit in various ways from the acquiescence mentioned above. For decades we have seen various groups do what they could to mobilize what political scientists call the mob. Playing upon their fears and baser instincts, these groups on both the left and right have waved flags, provided stirring music and rung bells that were calculated to arouse the hatred, scorn and loyalty of followers.
At its worst this kind of movement leads to gas chambers and death camps. At its extreme edges, this kind of manipulation leads to senseless wars and ethnic cleansing. We see thousands killed and killing in the name of one god or another.
The phenomenon extends across a spectrum from severe to mild.
Social justice can erode as leaders speak disingenuously of compassion, as jobs are sent overseas and international sweatshops sprout up to serve the fashion needs of wealthy nations.
The privileged and affluent young of one nation are swayed by clever advertising to show their personal sense of style by clothing themselves in the latest fashions sewn by those workers in third world nations slaving at $30-$40 per week in conditions that are often unhealthy and dangerous.
Without sharpened questioning skills, we and the young may surrender to fashions and movements unknowingly. On the surface, at least, twenty years after 1984 we seem safe from the dangers predicted by the book of that title, but scratch that surface. Take the time to wonder, to question and to learn.
Are we safe?
Has 1984 come and gone?
How can we best teach the young to wonder in ways that will evoke true compassion rather than sham versions?
How can we nurture a sense of wonder that is linked to some universal sense of goodness rather than its evil mirror image?
This book will suggest that questioning is the answer.
Back to January Cover
Credits: The photographs were shot by Jamie McKenzie .
FNO is applying for formal copyright registration for articles. Unauthorized abridgements are illegal.


text:
Top of the docks
Horses and Mules
Mountain Fury
Broken lances and bloody sabres
Broken Lances part two
Berlin 1918/19
Munich 1918/19
Towards the brink
The sinking ship
Back to Bavaria
Over the border
The Poles at Narvik
Eagles on the Rhine
Kowalski's war
The Polish pilot
Axis POWs
Who killed Yamamoto?
Volleyed and thundered
The lion roars in France
The long road to Kandahar
Gurkhas in Borneo
Revolutionary rifleman
MA Work
The Assassins
Cathedrals of consumption
New York Saloon
Devolved City
The Twilight City
The centre and the edge
Daughters of the Twilight City
Finding Private Adams
The end, the beginning
Broken shards
The importance of Ernest
Into the flak
The boatswain's call
Historical Eye
In his introduction to Terry McCarthy's 1989 work The Great Dock Strike of 1889, Ron Todd, then-General Secretary of the British Transport and General Workers' Union, trumpeted a traditionalist view of the industrial action that had occurred 100 years beforehand. He argued that its foremost achievements were twofold: the unionisation of casual workers and spurring the rise of class consciousness.1 The strike's success was due to 'the unskilled, the poorest, the underdogs, many of them desperate immigrants to the East of London from Irish famine,* [who] suddenly one summer seemed to seize history and get themselves organised.'2 Todd's thoughts illustrate much of the popular mystique that surrounds the London Dock strike of 1889 and the muddled understanding of its causes and outcomes.
*If Todd is referring to the Irish famine of the 1840s then these dock workers would have been, shall we say, somewhat superannuated.
This short essay will start by tracking the erratic rise of London's docklands and the working practises and hierarchies established there before the strike erupted. We will then assess the strike's progress and the personalities involved, asking what their motivations might have been. Finally, we will conclude that, instead of being a prime example of collective socialism and heightened class consciousness, the dock strike of 1889 was a melange of self-interests, some conflicting and some complimentary. We will also note that, instead of helping the casual labourer, the strike's most tangible long-term result was to further striate the docklands' hierarchy and to bolster the power of its various labour aristocracies.
London's gateway
The East End has always been the gateway for London's international trade and commerce. However, the loading and unloading of goods and commodities until the early 1800s was primarily conducted at small-scale wharves and jetties. It was a costly and time-consuming process. With the opening of the East India docks in 1808, London finally gained a large, purpose-made zone for the massed processing of imports and exports. By the 1880s, the East End boasted a significant number of sizeable docks and wharves, all with ample warehouse space. Walking from the Tower of London eastwards, one would first arrive at St Katherine's dock. This was followed by the London Docks; the Surrey Commercial Docks; West India Dock and East India Dock; and then the Royal Albert Dock. In addition, Woolwich, on the south bank of the Thames, was the site of several large wharves. The gigantic Tilbury Docks, which had opened 21 miles downstream in 1886, failed to build up the necessary trade and had bankrupted its owners, the East and West India Dock Company, by 1888.
The other docks were also facing tough times in the 1880s, with Stedman-Jones highlighting two primary causes for this. Firstly, there was a freeing up of government restrictions on imports and exports, which reduced transfer delays on goods. Secondly, there was the growth of an extensive and increasingly efficient railway network, which sped up delivery times from dockside to end-users. Both factors meant that shipping companies no longer rented the dockside warehouses for lengthy periods, which dented profits and, in turn, put pressure on the level of dividends available for investors. This was important as attracting and keeping investors ensured monies flowed into company treasuries, while also bolstering wider market confidence.
To ensure the dividend was kept buoyant, the directors sought cost savings and increasingly utilised the growing pool of casual labour in the East End. With London's burgeoning population, there were plenty of men willing to offer their labour at rock-bottom rates. True, these 'casuals' might not have had all the necessary skills, but their inefficiencies were easily corrected and insignificant compared with the savings accrued and the wider margins created by using them. For many socialist historians, this use of casual labour was an example of gross exploitation and the strike's root cause. John Pudney makes this argument in his work London Docks. 'The failure of private enterprise, forever locked in self-destructive competition, to make a good thing of the docks had inflicted such desperate conditions upon the human machinery of the port that the choice of the men lay only between revolt and extinction.'3
But Pudney's arguments flounder when contrasted with the strikers' demands, which were hardly a clarion call for broad industrial action, let alone illustrative of a 'strike or die' situation. The strikers wanted an increase in the minimum hourly rate to 6d (6 pence), up from 5d, for all dockworkers, including the casuals. They requested 8d an hour for overtime and wanted the 'share' or 'plus money' – the reward for unloading of a ship with time to spare – to be distributed equally and not just among the foremen and his preferred workers.4 In addition, there was no demand to end the 'call on', whereby casuals started their day waiting at the entrances of docks, wharves and jetties, hoping to be selected by the foremen for work.
London's docks had long been a place of difference and division before the strike of 1889, and there were plenty of tensions expressed between the various groups that worked there. Indeed, an almost byzantine level of hierarchy prevailed among the men who lived and worked along the Thames. Importantly, notions of superiority and respectability among the dockers were based not just on wages but also the type of employment a man performed. For example, those responsible for unloading guano* received good wages of up to a sovereign a day, but the nature of their job and the product they unloaded placed them almost at the bottom of dockland society.
*Or bird shit, to use the Anglo Saxon. It was primarily used as fertilizer.
At the top of the pyramid were the stevedores, the men in charge of loading outbound ships. Their work demanded 'great skill in trimming the vessel to keep its balance'.5 Thus they were essential to both the dock companies and shipping companies. Reflecting their importance, they had already established an influential union by the 1880s. The support of the Stevedores' Union during the dock strike of 1889 was to prove vital, as was the backing of the Thames watermen and lightermen, two other groups towards the top of dockside hierarchy. Writing the first history of the dock strike published just before the close of 1889, H L Smith and V Nash noted that these men had been 'crucial to the outcome of the strike'.6
Historian Ed Gilnert noted that below the stevedores, watermen and lightermen were the 'interminable levels of skilled workers', such as the 'corn porters, deal porters, coopers, riggers, those who specialised in short-stay docks, tallymen, warehousemen, pilers, baulkers and blenders.'7 He continued: 'At the bottom of the heap, and reviled by all the other waterside workers, were the ordinary dockers'.8 But here there was a further split between the regulars and the casuals, with the latter sub-dividing themselves into their own hierarchy.
Top of the casual tree were the frequently-chosen workers, followed by the irregularly employed, who in turn considered themselves superior to any casual involved in 'unloading phosphates, asbestos or lampblack'.9 Beneath them were casuals 'who worked in the deep-freeze ships, who needed to wear sacking on their feet to stave off frostbite, and those who unloaded the horns of African animals, knowing that the opening of the boxes would release insects with a venomous bite.'10 Those in charge of loading and or lugging coal, the 'coalies', were also towards the bottom rungs of the social ladder. Their bodies were covered in coal dust, which could make them figures of fun. In her work on the docks, Jo Anderson quoted a bargeman, Harry Thomas Harris, who admitted to teasing the coalies. 'If near enough to us,' Harris wrote, 'we would whistle: "Whist, here come the bogey-man!" But all coalies then appeared aged and repartee was not their strong point.'11
Foremen were usually instructed to find a set number of casual workers to help the regulars at the start of each working day. This was done at the call on. In describing the foreman's methods of choosing casuals, Gilnert traces a socialist/traditionalist narrative, stressing that they wielded 'tyrannical power',12 picking family and friends first, followed by those who had bribed them. But did they? While nepotism and back scratching almost certainly occurred, one wonders at its prevalence. Historians who are quick to condemn these foremen often forget that it was their duty to select the toughest men – those who would be able to complete the job quickly and win the reward for early completion, representing sums far higher than petty bribes.
Whatever the likely causes behind their chosen status, the favoured casuals were known as 'royals', the aristocrats of the casual workforce. If more men than the royals were needed, then the foreman would select the fittest-looking from among the other casuals. One method of doing this, albeit rarely employed, was to throw brass tickets – the guarantee of entry and work – into the waiting crowds and watch the men scrabble and fight to pick them up. The toughest and best suited for the work ahead would secure a winning place by using their brawn and not their brains. Those who missed out would have to wait until next time.
It is worth pausing here to note the numbers employed in dock work. In his extensive analysis of London's East End in the late 19th Century, Charles Booth computed that the main dock companies – the West and East India Docks, the London and St. Katherine Docks and the Millwall Docks – employed, on average, 8,087 men on the best working days.13 There were also those who worked on the Thames wharves and jetties independent of the major dock companies. In addition, thousands of jobs were indirectly dependent on the dock workers, such as publicans, the costermongers or local shopkeepers.
Meanwhile, the dock strike of 1889 was not a unique event; the dock workers and several unions had already flexed their muscles in 1872, when their demand for a pay rise was successfully achieved. The workforce was awarded 5d an hour, up from 4d, and granted an overtime rate of 6d.14 But the victory was a hollow one for the casuals as the dock companies responded by making greater use of 'hire-by-the-hour'.* It meant many casuals were employed for shorter stretches, leaving them substantially out of pocket.15
*Similar in intent to the use of zero-hour contracts now prevalent in Britain.
Only a limited number of small unions were open to casuals during the 1880s, including the Tea Operatives and General Labourers Association. It had been founded by Ben Tillett, who is considered by most historical accounts as instrumental in the 1889 strike's success. However, his position at that time is often downplayed or overlooked in many traditional accounts; Tillett was busy fighting a power struggle for the support of the casuals. In spring 1889, a tugman 'named Harris'16 had set up a rival union and was intent on challenging Tillett. On 12 August 1889, Harris had led a band of followers into Tillett's territory, trying to poach supporters. Tillett retaliated on 14 August, the day most historians mark as the start of the dock strike, by holding a meeting in Canning Town to persuade the casual royals to side with him. He succeeded in this, which marked 'the beginning of the end of Harris' union', according to Pudney.17 So could ulterior motives – the desire to retain and then build-up his powerbase – spurred Tillett's hard work and energy during the strike? This is a question many in the traditional camp, in their excitement to emphasise the importance of union personalities, have often avoided engaging with.
It is also important to note the dock strike of 1889 immediately followed two other successful industrial actions in the area. The first had been undertaken by the match girls working in Bryant & May in 1888,* the second by gas workers at the Beckton works earlier in 1889. The dock workers would have followed the progress of these strikes carefully – often as friends, relatives or acquaintances – and the victories achieved in both would have undoubtedly provided food for thought for dock workers. Indeed, when one considers the wider industrial tensions felt across the East End in these years, a dock strike would have almost certainly started with or without Tillett's presence.
*Their working conditions were atrocious and the white phosphorous vapour often led to 'phossy-jaw', necrosis of the jawbone that could lead to brain damage and an agonising death.
Most commentators at the time and historians since have agreed the strike's spark came on 12 August, when a row erupted during the unloading of the Lady Armstrong. The casual labourers suddenly demanded 6d an hour for their efforts, which the dock company promptly rejected. The casuals then withdrew their labour, leading to an impasse. Tillett used the incident as his cassus belli against the dock companies and, as we have seen, also as a means to outmanoeuvre Harris. Two days later, with the casual royals behind him, he was able to declare a strike.
Tellingly, his first move was not to organise pickets or demonstrations but to seek support from the Stevedores' Union. Tilett knew they were the ones who possessed real clout with dock management, the shipping companies and other dockside groups. On their own, Tilett and his casuals had little leverage; most of the dock work could continue without the casuals, while the dock companies could easily find others to replace those who had gone on strike. In addition, the treasury available to the casuals was lacklustre compared with the one the stevedores possessed. Money was an important factor as emergency funds would be needed for the strike to have staying power.
That Tillett secured the stevedores' assistance was probably his greatest achievement during the strike. By doing so he ensured other dockside labour felt confident to join the strike and walk-out in solidarity. Support from non-dockside unions was also secured, including the powerful Engineering Union. Their leader, John Burns, was a well-known figure in the British labour movement, his status solidified after he took a lead role in the London protests of 1886 and 1887. Years later, Tillett attempted to downplay Burns' influence and boost his own in the process, claiming Burns had initially scoffed at the notion of an all-inclusive dockworkers' union and that he had only joined strike when it 'was well underway'.18
Dock company management were initially surprised by the level of support the casuals had mustered. Indeed, it seemed thousands of others in the East End were striking in solidarity within a matter of days. This added to the numbers participating in the near-daily protest marches that journeyed into the City of London, and which were noted for their peaceful and almost carnival-like nature. The Times, which closely followed the strike's progress, estimated a Hyde Park meeting of strikers and supporters on 26 August numbered around 100,000.19 Much debate surrounds the role of 'sympathy strikers', with several historians arguing their presence was evidence of widening class consciousness. Alternatively, it could be argued they were piggybacking on the dock strike, allowing them to advance their own labour demands while availing themselves of the dockworkers' aid and goodwill.
Freeloaders were certainly present, joining the cause for no other reason than to claim food and poverty assistance. Unfortunately, the size of this problem cannot be computed with any degree of accuracy, except to note it must have problematic enough for labour leaders to use the accusation of freeloading as a means to swat away dissent. For example, Tillett recorded being heckled when announcing the strike's settlement at a mass meeting on 16 September, the dock companies having just agreed to 6d an hour effective early November. Those who complained about the deal, Tillett declared, were 'lazy loafers, who foisted themselves on the funds, sponging on subscriptions'.20
The strike lasted four weeks. As well as the increase to 6d per hour offer, some extra overtime pay would be set aside for the casual labourer. The strikers were able to hold out after receiving more than £30,000 in funds sent by Australian supporters. Indeed, the arrival of this cash came at the moment their coffers were almost empty. Also central to success was effective picketing and the halting of replacement workers, called blacklegs, from entering the docks. Most of the strike leaders and traditionalist historians have emphasised the peaceful nature of the pickets, with some historians also highlighting the, as further proof of labour solidarity and working-class respectability.
In her work on the strike, Joan Ballhatchet decided to test these claims by assessing internal police reports from the time. Several violent incidents were recorded, including the beating of a blackleg and a policeman who attempted to intervene.21 Posters threatening blacklegs with 'dire consequences' were also noted.22 More serious was interference with ships belonging to other nations. Strikers boarded foreign vessels in an effort to interrupt the work being carried out on at least two occasions,23 a breach of maritime and sovereignty laws that could have had serious diplomatic implications. Nonetheless, Ballhatchet successfully illustrated that there was, in the main, widespread respect for law and order.
But was this order maintained because of dockside respectability or because of fear? The police and army's smashing of the 1887 London protests was fresh in the minds of almost all Londoners, and the strikers would have been keenly aware that a similar response might be unleashed if they became disorderly or rioted. As long as the strikers behaved with decorum – whether this was due to working-class respectability, fear of reprisals, or both – then all would be well. Norwood, a leading dock company owner, was well aware of this and vigorously complained to the head of the Metropolitan CID, James Monro. He made repeated calls for the police to break up the pickets, regardless of whether they were breaking the law or not, and he was politely but firmly rebuffed.24
With the settlement declared a great success, the leaders soon went their separate ways. Tillett, his followers and others attempted to forge what have been called 'new unions' – unions that were inclusive and willing to represent all labourers, both skilled and unskilled. Reflecting this, the Tea Operatives was re-branded, becoming the Dockers' Union and rapidly attained a membership of 18,000.25 In his conclusion, McCarthy wrote: 'The dock strike brought into being a new kind of socialism, a popular and practical type of socialism.' R.B Oram concurred: 'The strike laid the foundations for a power that now enables the dockers to press, at frequent intervals, not for the homely tanner [6d per hour], but for a "substantial increase".'26
Others contend this analysis fails to consider for the fault lines that developed soon afterwards. For example, the casuals found the dock companies increased the range of restrictions to turn away those they deemed superfluous. This included the increased use of medical inspections as a means to turn away weaker casuals without incurring union ire. Not that the established unions minded.27 As Ballhatchet noted: 'The "fitter" dockers would benefit by more regular work and better pay, but the "lower-class casual" would suffer.'28 It was a re-run of 1872, albeit in an accelerated form, and the casual's estimation in the eyes of his community sank lower as a result. For the dockside aristocracy, the strike proved another important fillip for their influence and, while the casual unions might have been renamed and rebranded, there was no doubt who really where the real power rested and who was really top of the docks.
1) Terry McCarthy (ed.), The Great Dock Strike, 1889, (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1989), p.8
2) Ibid, p.7
3) J Pudney, London Docks, (Thames and Hudson, 1975), p.116
4) McCarthy (ed.), The Great Dock Strike, 1889, p.136
5) J Anderson, Anchor and Hope, (Hodder & Stoughton, 1980), p.70
6) McCarthy (ed.), The Great Dock Strike, 1889, p.40
7) Ed Gilnert, East End Chronicles: Three Hundred Years of Mystery and Mayhem, (Penguin Books, 2006), p.29
8) Idem
10) Ibid, p.30
11) Anderson, Anchor and Hope, p.71
12) Gilnert, East End Chronicles: Three Hundred Years of Mystery and Mayhem, p.31
13) McCarthy (ed.), The Great Dock Strike, 1889, pp.42-43
14) Steadman-Jones, Outcast London: A study in the relationship between classes in Victorian Society, p.120
15) Idem
16) Pudney, London Docks, p.119
18) McCarthy (ed.), The Great Dock Strike, 1889, p.99
19) Ibid, p.105
22) Joan Ballhatchet, 'The police and the London Dock Strike of 1889', History Workshop, 32 (Autumn, 1991), p.57
26) R. B. Oram, 'The Great Strike of 1889', History Today, 14:8, (August, 1964), p.541
27) Palmer, The East End: four centuries of London life, p.98
28) Ballhatchet, 'The police and the London Dock Strike of 1889', p.67
Primary sources:
Kirwan, Daniel Joseph, Palace & Hovel, first published in 1870 (Aberland-Schuman, 1963)
Mayhew, H., London and the London poor, Vol III (Dover Publications, 1968)
Secondary sources:
Ackroyd, P. Illustrated London Chatto & Windus, 2003
Anderson, J. Anchor and Hope (Hodder & Stoughton, 1980)
Ballhatchet, Joan, 'The police and the London Dock Strike of 1889', History Workshop, 32 (Autumn, 1991), pp.54-68
Betjeman, J., Victorian & Edwardian London in Old Photographs (Batsford, 1969)
Crossland, J., 'The dock strike that succeeded in 1889', History Today, 39:10 (October, 1989), pp 9-10
Duffy, A. E. P., 'New Unionism in Britain, 1889-1890: A Reappraisal', in The Economic History Review, New Series, Vol.14, No.2. (1961), pp.306-319
Fried, A. & Elman, R. M., (eds.), Charles Booth's London (Penguin, 1971)
Gilnert, Ed, East End Chronicles: Three Hundred Years of Mystery and Mayhem (Penguin Books, 2006)
Hobsbawm, E. J., Labouring Men (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1972)
Linnane, F., London: The Wicked City (Robson Books, 2003)
McCarthy, T. (ed.), The Great Dock Strike, 1889 (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1989)
O'Neill, G., The Good Old Days (Viking, 2006)
Oram, R. B., 'The Great Strike of 1889', History Today, 14:8, (August, 1964), pp.532-541
Palmer, A., The East End: four centuries of London life (John Murray, 2004)
Pelling, H., Popular Politics & Society in Late Victorian Britain (Macmillan Press, 1979)
Porter, Roy, London: A Social History (Penguin, 2000)
Pudney, J., London Docks (Thames and Hudson, 1975)
Steadman-Jones, Gareth, Outcast London: A study in the relationship between classes in Victorian Society (Peregrine Books, 1976)
Thompson, F. Michael, The Rise of Respectable Society 1830-1900 (Fontana Press, 1988)
Walkowitz, Judith R., City of Dreadful Delight (Virago Book, 1998)
Webb, S. & Webb B., English Poor Law Policy (Longmans, Green and Co, 1910)
Webb, S. & Webb B., Industrial Democracy (Longmans, Green and Co, 1926)
Zietlin, Jonathan, 'From Labour History to the History of Industrial Relations', Economic History Review, 2nd ser. XL, 2 (1987), pp.159-189
'The dock strike brought into being a new kind of socialism, a popular and practical type of socialism'
Creed of the Assassins
New York Saloons 1845-1895
Twilight City
William Morris and the Thames
The Devolved City


The BLS ("Bureau of Labor Statistics") released the November employment numbers earlier this morning.
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 146,000 in November, while the national unemployment rate dropped from 7.9% down to 7.7%. Economists had been expecting nonfarm payroll employment to rise by 93,000 and the national unemployment rate to stand firm at 7.9%.
A 7.7% jobless rate is the lowest rate that has been posted since January of 2009, which was President Obama's first month in office.
The markets were mixed on the news - the Dow and S&P rose modestly, while the Nasdaq dropped, thanks in large part to another sell-off in shares of Apple.
Let's break down the November numbers a bit.
Let's start with the labor force participation rate. This number actually dropped by 0.2% in November, from 63.8% down to 63.6%.
According to the BLS, the labor force participation rate is the "share of the population 16 years and old working or seeking work."
To calculate the labor force participation rate, divide the civilian labor force by the total non-institutionalized civilian population.
In November, the civilian labor force dropped from 155,641,000 down to 155,291,000 (-350,000), while the civilian noninstitutional population rose by 191,000. This resulted in a drop in the labor force participation rate. The civilian labor force consists of people who are classified as being employed or unemployed.
In November, the number of employed actually dropped from 143,384,000 people down to 143,262,000, for a total loss of 122,000. This resulted in the employment-population ratio dropping from 58.8% down to 58.7%.
The number of unemployed also dropped in November, falling from 12,258,000 down to 12,029,000, for a total loss of 229,000.
Divide 12,029,000 by 155,291,000 and you are left with an unemployment rate of 7.7% for the month of November.
The number of people who were not in the labor force increased by 542,000 people in November. Remember, there are a number of different types of people who are not considered to be unemployed, even though they would love full-time work. This includes people who have not looked for work recently but would like a job, people who have given up on finding a job and people who have part-time jobs but want full-time work. These people all fall into the "not in labor force" category, even though they all want to work.
The U-6 unemployment rate, which is an alternative measure of labor underutilization, dropped from 14.6% down to 14.4% in November.
Another note - the total nonfarm payroll numbers were revised lower for both September (from 148,000 down to 132,000) and October (171,000 down to 138,000).


I was scrolling through my Instagram and I saw this and thought I'd share it.
Personally, I don't vape and my girlfriend struggles to blow bubbles so I am not counting on her to win, but I have told a few of my friends.
Just thought it would be good for anyone one on this forum who knows/enjoys doing tricks with their vape.


On Saturday, Balmos Law was a table sponsor for this year's Winter Wonderland Gala, a fundraiser for the Lewisville-Flower Mound chapter of Young Lives.
Young Lives serves teenage mothers and their children, many of whom face housing, financial and educational struggles on a regular basis. Its mission is to introduce teen moms to Christ and help them grow in their faith.
Young Lives does this by matching young mothers with mentors, providing supplies such as baby clothes and diapers and giving them an opportunity to fellowship with other young mothers. Young Lives seeks to make Christmas brighter by providing gifts for the mothers and children in its chapter. For many, these are the only gifts they will receive.
Despite being located in the suburbs of DFW, our local chapter is the largest Young Lives chapter in the country. Learn more here: https://lfm.younglife.org/Pages/YoungLives.aspx.


Picking out Christmas presents was quite a feat, right? Unfortunately, if you're in business, your shopping days aren't over. In 2019 giving tasteful corporate gifts could be the key to business success. Not quite sure how to use this network and marketing tactic? Don't worry—we've got you covered this year.
Employees: Corporate gifts given to employees will make them feel appreciated. When teams feel valued their productivity rises.
Clients: Help potential clients remember who you are. Picking the right gift won't seem like manipulation. Rather, it will strengthen a relationship.
Partners: Giving high-end gifts shows your company's value of professionalism. Additionally, saying thank you is essential in all business relationships, as it communicates that you value your counterpart's role in your business.
All this corporate giving is one part of building relationships based on trust. Now, what do you pick?
If your goal is to be noticed and not to let your new networking partner forget about you, make sure you're on his or her desk every day. A stylish compendium or notebook not only becomes a functional item but picking an attractive design shows you value aesthetics. Meanwhile, your logo emblazoned across the front keeps your brand front-of-mind. See how easy it is to communicate your priorities to someone else?
Another way to place your name and brand within view of valued clients is a reusable coffee cup. A travel mug can be used for almost any drink, so you don't have to know the individual's preferences. This is also a smart option if you need to buy in bulk for budget reasons.
If it IS someone whose habits and lifestyle you know, don't be afraid to get personal. A gift that reflects their values, interests or lifestyle can make a fabulous impression. A cheese board or wine accessories for the food and wine connoisseur or auto products for the car enthusiast can prove you don't merely care about the bottom line, but the people involved in your projects.
The recipients can book when it suits their schedules, or invite them along on a trip with you to create time to build your relationship.
Putting this much thought into a gift doesn't serve as a suggestion that you value the environment as much as your client does; It proves it.
We've included a wide range of gifts because here's the magic rule: Don't give everyone the same gift. Matching a gift with someone's personality or lifestyle is a surefire way to make the best impression.


The world's happiest jobs – Engineers, Construction Workers are among those who most enjoy their jobs, according to the guardian survey.
He also enjoys seeing the physical results of his labour. "I love the idea that in 20 years' time I'll be able to drive around the region looking at homes and saying, 'I built that'.


tell me test cases for marker..
2. Check for the Ink Quality.
3. Check for the Ink Quntity.
4. Check for the Brand Name and Logo display on the marker.
5. Check for the cap that should easily Fit to marker.
6. Ink of Marker should not spread during writing on Board.
7. Check for the Temporary/Permanent marker.
board using this marker should be erasable with duster.
should be erased using wet duster.
1. Check the color of the marker.
2. Check the holding position of the marker.
3. Check the point(nib) of the marker.
4. Check Uniform spread of ink.
6. Check the tightness of the cap.
7. Check what happen if we open and close the cap repeatedly.
8. Check can we refill the to the marker.
9. Check the logo of the company on the marker.
11. Fill the water into it, & then try to write.
12. write & see if the ink is erasable or not.
marker writes on the board.
2. Add some room temparatures and try writing the marker.
3. Write the marker over already written board.
it and try writing. Check the performance.
1.Check whether the marker color is same as ink color.
2.Check the size of marker pen.It should not be too long.
3.Check the cap of the marker.It should be easily in and out.
4.Check for the Language written in the marker(localization testing).
5.Check the hologram to avoid duplicacy.
10.Check ink should not very light so that it can't visible.
12.It should not dry immediatly.
13.It should be suitable for favoured temperature.
15.After writing it should be erasable(temporary marker).
how you test data throughput in femtocell?and what is the data throughput?
What is Differance btwn GCM & CDMA Mobiel?how to Work they are?
How the Mobile testing is been done?Is there any specific tool to test the Blackberry and Symbian Mobile applications?If, it's done manually..then how would be the process?
What is the difference between STK related tests and WEB related tests? Please give example of test cases for each.
What could be the Possible Test Cases to test the Functionality and Performance of a Mobile Client Application. Please Answer with steps.