text:
The Duke's Rules of Engagement by Jennifer Haymore
TracyGeorgian Era (1714-1837), Part of a Series, Regency Era (1811-1820), Tracy's Reviews#TheLionsAndTheLilies, Jennifer HaymoreLeave a comment
Series: The Lions and the Lilies, #1
After the death of her father, Joanna "Jo" Porter moved her family to London and started a matchmaking service. Over the years, her reputation for excellent matches has grown and she is now very sought-after and is able to support her family. If that means that she is destined to be alone, so be it, at least her dearest friend and companion, Lilly has made a love match and is expecting a proposal any day. But when Lilly's beau Charles suddenly ends their courtship, Lilly is heartbroken and Jo is furious. Jo confronts Charles and learns the truth – he loves Lilly, but he is broke and has five sisters to dower, so he needs a rich bride, but sadly, Lilly has no dowry, so he broke things off with her. Jo understands his dilemma, but she is heartbroken for Lilly. But when Matthew Leighton, the Duke of Crestmont hires Jo to find him a "perfect duchess" and insists that he doesn't believe in love and he certainly isn't looking for a love match, Jo wonders if she can kill two birds with one stone by matching the duke with Charles' sister, Harriet, she would make a perfect duchess, and then Charles will be able to marry Lilly – it's perfect! What could possibly go wrong?
Matthew is intrigued by the matchmaker and to his complete surprise, he finds himself telling her things that he has only told his closest friends. He tells her of hobbies and his parent's death and his grief, he even tells her of the girl who pulled him out of despair, showed him love, and then crushed his heart all over again, when his uncle revealed her deception. Heartbroken once again, Matthew decided then and there, that there would be no love for him, but he needs an heir and for that, he needs a wife and he decides that Harriet will make an acceptable duchess. Jo can't believe that he doesn't want love and hopes that he will find love with Harriet. But the more time they spend together, the more they dread his eventual betrothal to Harriet. Will Matthew let his heart take a chance on love or will the past repeat itself and leave him heartbroken yet again?
This was a well-written, fast-paced story with a familiar trope, wrapped in fresh ideas. Jo and Matthew are both very likable characters and have instant chemistry. I really enjoyed Matthew's hobbies of rowing and meteorology – those are things that I don't recall ever reading about before and it was an interesting and fun change from the "norm". This book is filled with secrets, great secondary characters, steamy love scenes, the most uncomfortable chair in London, a little heartache, a duke getting a dressing down, and finally a HEA complete with an epilogue. This was a fun start to a new series and now I am anxiously awaiting the next book in the series and wonder who will be the next Rowing Club Lion to find their HEA!
The Highlander's Holiday Wife by Vanessa Kelly
A Lady Never Surrenders by Bronwen Evans ~ Blog Tour


Joshua Dye and Alice Bahlke in The Goddess -Courtesy of The Looking Glass Theater Co.
Alice Bahlke and Savvy Clement - Courtesy of Dominique Sinagra.
Alice Bahlke, Cory Tazmania, and Julia Campanelli -Photographed by Hunter Canning.
I was born and raised in central Florida with my older brother and sister. I earned my BA in Theater Studies at Emory University in Atlanta, GA and also trained at the O'Neill National Theater Institute in Waterford, CT, New York University in New York City, and the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Arts, UK.
I moved to New York City in 2009 where I first appeared onstage at a nightclub in midtown. It was a two drink minimum and I was paid a salary of $5. $5 did not cover one drink. Since then, I've appeared off-Broadway, in national commercials, and in independent films. I've also become a NYC DCA licensed Sightseeing Guide and a licensed bartender. Thanks for visiting this site to check out more details.
Alice Bahlke and Joshua Dye in The Goddess -Courtesy of The Looking Glass Theater Co.
Alice Bahlke and Pascal Yen-Pfister in The Goddess -Courtesy of The Looking Glass Theater Co.
Ross Hamman and Alice Bahlke -Courtesy of Liz Deleo.
-Courtesy of Variations Theatre Group.
Alice Bahlke and Kevin Shimko - Courtesy of Allegra Schorr.


A droplet to convert a flash presentation saved as .exe file into a simple .swf, so that it can be played both in a browser and QuickTime Player.
Mac OS X - A small droplet to convert a flash presentation saved as .exe file into a simple .swf, so that it can be played both in a browser and QuickTime Player.
Mac OS 8-9 - A MacPerl droplet to convert a flash presentation saved as .exe file into a simple .swf, so that it can be played both in a browser and QuickTime Player.


text:
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<ead xmlns="http://dca.tufts.edu/schema/ead"
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<eadheader langencoding="en">
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	 <filedesc>
		<titlestmt>

		  <titleproper>A Guide to the Office of the President, records, 1828-2006</titleproper>
		</titlestmt>
		<publicationstmt>
		  <publisher>Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts
			 University</publisher>
		  <address>
			 <addressline>Medford, MA 02155</addressline>
		  </address>
		  <date>2008</date>
		</publicationstmt>
	 </filedesc>
  </eadheader>
  <frontmatter>
      <titlepage>
          <titleproper>A Guide to the Office of the President, records, 1828-2006</titleproper>
	  <publisher>Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University</publisher>
	<address>
	<addressline>Medford, MA 02155</addressline>
	</address>
	<date>2008</date>
  </titlepage>
  </frontmatter>
  <archdesc level="collection">
	 <did>
		<repository>
		  <corpname>Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University</corpname>
		  <address>
		    <addressline>Medford, MA 02155</addressline>
		  </address>
		</repository>
		<unitid>UA001</unitid>
		<origination>
		  <corpname id="RCR00032">Office of the President</corpname>
		</origination>
		<unittitle>Office of the President records</unittitle>
		<unitdate type="inclusive">1828-2011</unitdate>
		<physdesc>27.45 cubic ft. ; 55 digital objects</physdesc>
		<abstract>The Office of the President is responsible for the general administration of the University. Formery filled by Tufts faculty members, the Office of the President more abstracty stuff</abstract>

	 </did>
	 <bioghist>

The Office of the President is responsible for regulating and overseeing the general administration of the University. Along with various administrative duties, each year the president prepares an annual report which is delivered to the Board of Trustees. This "state of the university" report generally includes information about past and present college affairs and policies, as well as future plans and suggestions.

The Office of the President was the first, and for a time only, administrative office. Originally, the president performed virtually all administrative duties. Presidents usually were members of the faculty as well. In the late ninteenth and early twentieth centuries, as administrative functions became more complex, the duties of the president were spread among other administrators.  With the professionalization of college and university administration in the mid-twentieth century, specialized administrative offices were created, and faculty no longer performed dual roles of educators and administrators.

	 </bioghist>
	 <scopecontent>

This record group contains the administrative records of the presidents of Tufts.  Information about all aspects of the college and university are found in the records of the office of the president.  Often this material is in summary form.  Records prior to 1976 were inconsistently kept and are even less complete for nineteenth-century presidents.

Most of the collections of the early presidents contain personal correspondence, teaching material, and writings. Also, some material in the early presidents' records were assembled from other sources when the material was brought into the library in the late 1960s. All material accessioned prior to 1997 was originally arranged by subject, no attempt was made to recreate original order, although material relating to administering the collection was removed to the documentation files of the collection in the archives.

The material listed in this guide is processed and available for use, but there is additional material in the collection that is minimally processed and may not be available for research. Please contact the DCA for more information.

	 </scopecontent>
	 <descgrp type="access_control">
	 	<accessrestrict>

Some records may be restricted. See the DCA's General Policy on Access for more information about access to records, especially official University records.

	 	</accessrestrict>
	 	<userestrict>

Some material may be copyrighted or restricted. It is the patron's obligation to determine and satisfy copyright or other case restrictions when publishing or otherwise distributing materials found in the collections. Please see the DCA's policy on Copyright and Fair Use for more information.

		</userestrict>
		<prefercite>

Office of the President, records, 1828-2006, Digital Collections and Archives, Tufts University

		</prefercite>
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	 <controlaccess>
		  <persname>Carmichael, Leonard</persname>
		  <persname id="RCR00640">Ballou, Hosea, 2d</persname>
		  <persname id="RCR00639">Miner, Alonzo Ames</persname>
		  <persname>Capen, Elmer Hewitt</persname>
		  <persname>Hamilton, Frederick William</persname>
		  <persname>Hooper, William Leslie</persname>
		  <persname>Bumpus, Hermon Carey</persname>
		  <persname>Cousens, John Albert</persname>
		  <persname>Miller, George Stewart</persname>
		  <persname>Wessell, Nils Yngve</persname>
		  <persname>Mead, Leonard Chapin</persname>
		  <persname>Hallowell, Burton Crosby</persname>
		  <persname>Mayer, Jean</persname>
		  <persname>DiBiaggio, John A.</persname>
		  <corpname>Office of the President</corpname>
	 </controlaccess>
	 <dsc type="combined">
		<c01 level="series" id="UA001.001">
		  <did>
		    <unittitle>Hosea Ballou 2d, records, 1824-1952</unittitle>
		    <unitdate type="inclusive">1824-1952</unitdate>
		  </did>
		  <arrangement>

Arranged alphabetically by subject.

		  </arrangement>
		  <scopecontent>

The collection contains the earliest records of teaching at Tufts, photographs, personal correspondence between Ballou and, especially, T.J. Sawyer, as well as some teaching material and some of Ballou's own school books.  Dates range from the early 1820s through Ballou's death in 1861.  Photographs date from 1858 through 1952. The student records include a recitation (grade) book from about 1854, and records of absences from 1856-61. Teaching material includes notes from lectures on, for example "The Fall of Rome," "History of the English Language," and "Questions from Bowens Politial Economy."  There is one folder of photographs that were added to the collection at some later point.  These include original and copy photographic prints (dates are assigned based on the original image) of Ballou, his homestead in Vermont, and various memorials to him at Tufts.

Biographical Note:

Hosea Ballou (1796-1861) was born in Guilford, Vermont in 1796.  He was a Universalist clergyman, theologian, and historian.  He presided over the parishes of Roxbury and Medford Massachusetts from 1821-1852, published the "Ancient History of Universalism" in 1829, and received an honorary Doctorate of Divinity from, and became an Overseer of, Harvard University in 1845.  Having been one of the biggest influences in the establishment of the College, Hosea Ballou 2d became the first President of Tufts College in 1853.  He was its first professor of History and Intellectual Philosophy.  It would be thirty years after his death before another professor at Tufts was able to match his scholarly and teaching ability in that field.  Hosea Ballou 2d established the college's first curriculum which led to the Bachelor of Arts degree.  He died in office in 1861.  His personal library remains as a legacy to the university to this day.

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		      <unittitle>Ballou family material</unittitle>
		      <unitdate type="inclusive">1855-1973</unitdate>
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			<persname></persname>
		      </origination>
		      <physloc type="location">39090010621684</physloc>

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		      <did>
			<container type="item">UA001.001.001.00002</container>
			<unittitle>Newspaper clippings<unitdate></unitdate></unittitle>
			<origination>
			  <persname></persname>
			</origination>
			<physloc type="location">39090010621684</physloc>

		      </did>
		    </c02>
		    <c02 level="item" id="UA001.001.DO.00067">
		      <did>
			<unittitle>Hosea Ballou 2nd portrait</unittitle>
			<unitdate>1879</unitdate>
			<physloc type="location">39090010625289</physloc>
		      </did>
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Hosea Ballou chilling by the pool in his Palm Beach estate
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		      </daogrp>
		    </c02>
		</c01>
		<c01 level="series" id="UA001.012">
		  <did>
		    <unittitle>Burton Crosby Hallowell, administrative records and related papers</unittitle>
		    <unitdate type="inclusive">1957-1988</unitdate>
		  </did>
		  <arrangement>
		  Arrangement

		  </arrangement>

		  <scopecontent>

Includes Series Description and Biographical Note

SERIES DESCRIPTION
		    There are seven subseries in the Burton hallowell series, they are:  correspondence, articles and speeches, clippings, subject files, photographs, professional papers, and professional correspondence.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
Burton Crosby Hallowell (1915-2006) was born in Orleans, Massachusetts, on May 2, 1915. He received both a B.A. (1936) and M.A. (1938) from Wesleyan University and his P.H.D. (1949) from Princeton University as well as honorary L.H.D. degrees from Wesleyan University and Boston University (1969), honorary LL. D. degrees from Northeastern University (1973) and American International College (1975), and an honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Tufts University (1976). He worked as an assistant professor of economics at Wesleyan from 1941-1942, before working for the United States' Office of Strategic Services in 1942 and the U.S. Army from 1942-1946. From 1946-1950, Hallowell was assistant professor of economics, from 1950-1956 associate professor, and from 1956-1967 Andrews Professor of Economics at Wesleyan. Hallowell served as Wesleyan's Vice President for Planning and Development from 1962-1965, as well as Executive Vice President from 1965-1967.

He was elected 9th president of Tufts in 1967. In the first year of Hallowell's presidency, Tufts ran a large deficit, and projected further deficits over the next few years.  President Hallowell used his economic background to control expenses and pursue more donations. By the end of his term, the budget was balanced, and Tufts had received an unprecedented amount of donations.
Hallowell's presidency coincided with a period of social unrest and student activism. Hallowell worked to keep trustees and students thoroughly informed. He gave free rein to student and campus publications. He allowed military recruiting on campus but protested when Selective Service threatened to revoke deferments of students who worked to end the draft. Hallowell established the President's Council for Women and Minorities. In 1973, he appointed a woman as Tufts provost and senior vice president.

Hallowell also pushed to unite Tufts' disparate schools, colleges, and faculties. He urged that graduate education and research activities should be more integrated with undergraduate programs. Moreover, he strongly believed that education ought to develop all aspects of an individual.
He was a consultant and trustee of various institutions including e.g., Connecticut General Life Insurance Co., the board of governors of the Tufts New England Medical Center, and the Commission of Economic Development, New York City. In addition, he was the first chairman of the Massachusetts Housing Finance Agency. Throughout his career Hallowell consulted, wrote articles, and gave speeches on economic topics.

Hallowell resigned his presidency in 1976. Afterward he served as chairman of Keystone Custodian Funds and a director of 7 corporations. He helped found Friends of the Cape Cod National Seashore and was a trustee of Cape Cod Museum of Natural History. He died Nov. 21, 2006.

References:
Partial Resume and Biographical Record, both in Vertical Files, B. H. Hallowell;
"Tufts' 9th President Guided Institution through Tumultuous Times", Tufts Journal, http://tuftsjournal.tufts.edu/archive/2007/january/features/hallowell_tribute.shtml (no byline)
Russell E. Miller, Light on the Hill vol.II, p. 258-390.
Keystone Funds information is from http://www.princeton.edu/~paw/archive_new/PAW06-07/12-0411/memorials.html

		  </scopecontent>
		  <controlaccess>
		  		Index Terms:
		  		<controlaccess>
		  		  Names:
		  		  <persname>Hallowell, Burton Crosby</persname>
		  		</controlaccess>
		  		<controlaccess>
		  		  Organizations:
		  		  <corpname>Office of the President</corpname>
		  		</controlaccess>
		  		<controlaccess>
		  		  Subjects:
		  		  <subject></subject>
		  		</controlaccess>
		  		<controlaccess>
		  		  Places:
		  		  <geogname></geogname>
		  		</controlaccess>
	 	</controlaccess>
	 <c02 level="subseries" id="UA001.012.001">
	   <did>
	     <unittitle>Correspondence</unittitle>
	     <unitdate type="inclusive">1967-1988</unitdate>
	   </did>
	   <arrangement>

Arranged chronologically.

	   </arrangement>
	   <scopecontent>

Correspondence documenting Burton C. Hallowell's presidency, from 1967-76.  The large majority of the correspondence is authored by Hallowell and provides a detailed, daily account of his duties.  Letters received were presumably placed throughout the Subject Files.  A few letters exist illustrating Hallowell's relationship with the University following his retirement, dating as late as 1988

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		<unittitle>Correspondence, 1968-88<unitdate>1968-88</unitdate></unittitle>
		<origination label="Creator:">
		  <persname></persname></origination>
		<physdesc label="Physical description/Format:">file</physdesc>

		<note>

</note>
		<physloc label="Location:" type="location">39090010623474</physloc>

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		Index Terms:
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				Names:
				<persname></persname>
			</controlaccess>
			<controlaccess>
				Organizations:
				<corpname></corpname>
			</controlaccess>
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				Subjects:
				<subject></subject>
			</controlaccess>
			<controlaccess>
				Places:
				<geogname></geogname>
				</controlaccess>
	 		</controlaccess>
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		<unittitle>Correspondence, June-September 1967<unitdate>1967</unitdate></unittitle>
		<origination label="Creator:">
		  <persname></persname></origination>
		<physdesc label="Physical description/Format:">file</physdesc>

		<note>

</note>
		<physloc label="Location:" type="location">39090010623474</physloc>

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			<controlaccess>
				Names:
				<persname></persname>
			</controlaccess>
			<controlaccess>
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				<corpname></corpname>
			</controlaccess>
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				<subject></subject>
			</controlaccess>
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				Places:
				<geogname></geogname>
				</controlaccess>
	 		</controlaccess>
	</c03>

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		<unittitle>Correspondence, October 1967<unitdate>1967</unitdate></unittitle>
		<origination label="Creator:">
		  <persname></persname></origination>
		<physdesc label="Physical description/Format:">file</physdesc>

		<note>
Box 1 of 2
</note>
		<physloc label="Location:" type="location">39090010623474</physloc>

	</did>
	<controlaccess>
		Index Terms:
			<controlaccess>
				Names:
				<persname></persname>
			</controlaccess>
			<controlaccess>
				Organizations:
				<corpname>Office of Alumni Relations</corpname>
			</controlaccess>
			<controlaccess>
				Subjects:
				<subject></subject>
			</controlaccess>
			<controlaccess>
				Places:
				<geogname></geogname>
				</controlaccess>
	 		</controlaccess>
	</c03>

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	 <did>
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		<unittitle>Correspondence, October 1967<unitdate>1967</unitdate></unittitle>
		<origination label="Creator:">
		  <persname></persname></origination>
		<physdesc label="Physical description/Format:">file</physdesc>

		<note>
Box 2 of 2
</note>
		<physloc label="Location:" type="location">39090010623474</physloc>

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	<controlaccess>
		Index Terms:
			<controlaccess>
				Names:
				<persname></persname>
			</controlaccess>
			<controlaccess>
				Organizations:
				<corpname>Office of Alumni Relations</corpname>
			</controlaccess>
			<controlaccess>
				Subjects:
				<subject></subject>
			</controlaccess>
			<controlaccess>
				Places:
				<geogname></geogname>
				</controlaccess>
	 		</controlaccess>
	</c03>
      </c02>
      <c02 level="subseries" id="UA001.012.002">
	<did>
	  <unittitle>Articles and speeches</unittitle>
	  <unitdate type="inclusive">1965-1976</unitdate>
	</did>
	   <scopecontent>

Articles and speeches authored by Burton C. Hallowell during his presidency (1967-76).  These include addresses given at functions such as Hallowell's inauguration, commencements, conferences, and meetings of associations.  The speeches appear in the form of drafts, transcripts, and reprints and greatly outnumber Hallowell's published works.  Articles include works written for the Boston Globe and Tufts publications on liberal arts education.

	   </scopecontent>

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		<unittitle>Articles and speeches</unittitle>
		<unitdate>1967-1975</unitdate>
		<origination label="Creator:">
		  <persname></persname></origination>
		<physdesc label="Physical description/Format:">file</physdesc>

		<note>

</note>
		<physloc label="Location:" type="location">39090010623524</physloc>

	</did>
	<controlaccess>
		Index Terms:
			<controlaccess>
				Names:
				<persname></persname>
			</controlaccess>
			<controlaccess>
				Organizations:
				<corpname></corpname>
			</controlaccess>
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				<subject></subject>
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		<unittitle>Articles and speeches delivered at honors programs and convocations, 1967-74<unitdate>1967-74</unitdate></unittitle>
		<origination label="Creator:">
		  <persname></persname></origination>
		<physdesc label="Physical description/Format:">file</physdesc>

		<note>

</note>
		<physloc label="Location:" type="location">39090010623524</physloc>

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		<origination label="Creator:">
		  <persname></persname></origination>
		<physdesc label="Physical description/Format:">file</physdesc>

		<note>

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		<physloc label="Location:" type="location">39090010623524</physloc>

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		<unittitle>Articles and matriculation speeches, 1967-75<unitdate>1967-75</unitdate></unittitle>
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		<physdesc label="Physical description/Format:">file</physdesc>

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</note>
		<physloc label="Location:" type="location">39090010623524</physloc>

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      <did>
	<unittitle>Jean Mayer, administrative records and related papers</unittitle>
	<unitdate type="inclusive">1948-1992</unitdate>
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	Arrangement

[Organization][Organization]Organized into 2 series: Subject files, and Articles and addresses. [Arrangement]

      </arrangement>

		  <scopecontent>

This collection contains materials which document Dr. Jean Mayer's presidency of Tufts University (1976-1992), his involvement in local, national, and international issues and organizations subsequent to his arrival at Tufts, and his career as a nutritionist and educator.

The materials are arranged into two series: Subject files and Articles and addresses series. The Subject files series contains correspondence, memoranda, reports, clippings, proposals, and background materials concerning the diverse subjects of Mayer's career. The Articles and addresses series contains articles, addresses, lectures, columns, public letters and related correspondence authored by Mayer in his capacities as nutritionist and university president.

The bulk of the Subject files series concerns Mayer's presidency of Tufts University, during which Tufts was transformed from a small liberal arts college into a research university with an international reputation. The subjects of these files range from the routine administrative duties of a university president to projects masterminded by Mayer, including the development of the Graduate School of Nutrion, the first in the United States, the School of Veterinary Medicine, first of its kind in New England, the Tufts United States Department of Agriculture Nutrition Research Center on Aging in Boston, and the Center for Environmental Management.

The Subject files series also includes files concerning local, national, and international organizations and issues of interest to Mayer subsequent to his arrival at Tufts. Local organizations and issues in this series include in part the Children's Hospital of Boston, Boston school desegregation, and the New England Board of Higher Education.

The bulk of the files concerning issues and organizations on the national level pertain to the U.S. Government. These files concern in part Mayer's role in the Presidential Commission on World Hunger (1978-1980), his testimony before congressional committees as an expert on hunger and nutrition, his involvement in the 20th-anniversary commemoration of the 1969 White House Conference on Food, Nutrition and Health, and his dealings with various facets of the U.S. Government on legislative matters concerning nutrition and funding for education.

Many files in the Subject files series concern Mayer's involvement and interest in international organizations and issues. As chairman of the New England Board of Higher Education, Mayer established a scholarship fund for South African blacks (1985). As President of Tufts, Mayer developed the Niger Range and Livestock Project and initiated a global classroom project involving Tufts and Moscow State universities (1985). Mayer also created an international association of university presidents, the Talloires University Presidents Group, which addressed issues of arms control, negotiation and conflict management, higher education in apartheid South Africa, and the environment in annual conferences from 1988-1990. As an expert on hunger and nutrition, Mayer studied famine in Sudan, advised the Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization of the United Nations, and chaired a task force on children's priorities for the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).

Over the course of his career, Mayer wrote prolifically and lectured widely on topics ranging from physiological chemistry and human nutrition to U.S. domestic and foreign policy. Collected in the Articles and addresses series are many of the articles Mayer published between 1972-1992 as well as drafts of these articles and correspondence relating to their publication. Also included in this series are lectures, speeches, and addresses delivered by Mayer on various occassions subsequent to his arrival at Tufts. This series also includes Mayer's nationally syndicated column "Food for Thought" and public letters written by Mayer in his capacity as President of Tufts.

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		<unittitle>American Council on Education (ACE):  intern, 1967<unitdate>1967</unitdate></unittitle>
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		<unittitle>American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS), 1982-89<unitdate>1982-89</unitdate></unittitle>
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Rusty Black
Hometown: Chillicothe
Counties: Grundy, Linn, Livingston
SurveyFill out a survey online.
Subcommittee on Appropriations - Education, Chairman
Pensions, Vice-Chairman
Ashley Wright
Rusty.Black@house.mo.gov
Rep. Rusty Black, a Republican, represents Grundy, Livingston Counties and a majority of Linn County (District 7) in the Missouri House of Representatives. He was elected to his first two-year term in November 2016.
In addition to his legislative duties, Rep. Black worked as an Agriculture Educator for thirty-two years before retiring in 2016. During his time as a teacher, Rep. Black worked at Nodaway-Holt R-7 for five years and Chillicothe R-2 Schools for twenty-seven years.
A graduate of the University of Missouri - Columbia, Rep. Black earned his Bachelors of Science in Agriculture in 1983, and went on to graduate with a Masters in Agriculture Education by 1993.
Rep. Black was born in St. Joseph, MO, living in Amazonia then moving and graduating High School from King City MO. He currently resides in Chillicothe with his wife. Together they have four children and four grandchildren. Rusty and his wife attend the United Methodist Church and both are active with various community organizations.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
'The Watchful Eye' will make you suspect everyone, says cast
Michael B. Jordan jokes about Lori Harvey split in 'SNL' monologue, Lil Baby performs "California Breeze" & "Forever"
Home/Political/Trump impeachment trial live updates: Senate votes to call witnesses
Trump impeachment trial live updates: Senate votes to call witnesses
407 30 minutes read
rarrarorro/iStockBy LIBBY CATHEY, MICHELLE STODDART and LAUREN KING, ABC News
(WASHINGTON) — Former President Donald Trump's historic second impeachment trial is taking place in the Senate. He faces a single charge of incitement of insurrection over his actions leading up to the Jan. 6 riot at the U.S. Capitol.
Here is how events are unfolding Friday. All times Eastern:
Feb 13, 10:38 am
Senate votes to call witnesses
In an 11th-hour development, the Senate has moved to call witnesses in Trump's second impeachment trial. Witnesses were not allowed at his first trial.
Five Republican senators joined Democrats on the vote Saturday brining it to 55-45.
Republican Sen. Lindsey Graham, a close ally of the former president, changed his vote after the call was read back to support witnesses, joining Sens. Mitt Romney, Susan Collins, Lisa Murkowski and Ben Sasse.
The Senate moved to allow witnesses after Lead House impeachment manager Rep. Jamie Raskin, D-Md., called to subpoena Rep. Jaime Herrera Beutler, R-Wash., after she tweeted out a statement overnight reiterating details surrounding House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy's call with Trump during the Capitol siege.
Trump's defense team slammed the notion.
Democratic Senators blast GOP colleagues, calling them "spineless" for not holding Trump accountable for Jan. 6
In a blistering statement to reporters before the impeachment trial began on Saturday morning, Sen. Sherrod Brown, D-Ohio, called his GOP colleagues "spineless" for being poised to vote not to convict Trump out of fear he will campaign against them.
"It's so clear this president abused his power," Brown said. "It's so clear he incited violence. And my colleagues just refuse to see it because of their abject fear of Donald Trump."
"I've watched my spineless colleagues walk around with fear in their eyes for four years," Brown later continued. "And so maybe I shouldn't be surprised."
-ABC News' Benjamin Siegel
Senate votes on calling witnesses
After Lead House impeachment manager Rep. Jamie Raskin, D-Md., called to subpoena Rep. Jaime Herrera Beutler, R-Wash., and Trump's defense team slammed the notion, the Senate moved to vote on calling witnesses in Trump's second impeachment trial.
Trump defense slams Dems' call for witnesses
In a rebuttal to the House managers requesting to subpoena GOP Rep. Jamie Herrera Beutler, R-Wash., as a witness to the impeachment trial, Trump's defense team scoffed at the idea and threatened to call 100 witnesses in response, and said the trial should wrap "today."
"They didn't put the work in that was necessary to impeach the former president," Trump's defense lawyer, Michael van der Veen argued. "But if they want to have witnesses, I'm going to need at least over 100 depositions, not just one."
"We should close this case out today," van der Veen later continued.
Democrats call for subpoenaing GOP Rep. Jaime Herrera Beutler
Lead House impeachment manager Rep. Jamie Raskin, D-Md., has called to subpoena Rep. Jaime Herrera Beutler, R-Wash., who tweeted out a statement Friday reiterating comments she made about a talk she had with House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy regarding Trump's involvement in the Capitol siege.
In the statement, Herrera Beutler reiterated her claims which she made earlier to Washington newspaper The Daily News that McCarthy spoke to Trump as violent protesters stormed the Capitol on Jan. 6, but the then-sitting president refused to stop them.
"For that reason, and because this is the proper time to do so under the resolution that the Senate adopted to set the rules for the trial, we would like the opportunity to subpoena Congresswoman Herrera regarding her communications with House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy, and to subpoena her contemporaneous notes that she made, regarding what President Trump told Kevin McCarthy in the middle of the insurrection," Raskin said.
Herrera Beutler ended her statement Friday by challenging those with firsthand knowledge of Trump's actions during the Capitol siege — including former Vice President Mike Pence — to come forward.
"To the patriots who were standing next to the former president as these conversations were happening, or even to the former vice president: if you have something to add here, now would be the time," she wrote.
Raskin said they are prepared to proceed via Zoom and then to proceed to the next phase of the trial, "including the introduction of that testimony shortly thereafter."
Senate reconvenes for Trump's second trial
The Senate has reconvened for Trump's second impeachment trial which could wrap up as early as Saturday.
Senate Chaplain Barry Black first led the chamber in a prayer and invoked Capitol Police Officer Eugene Goodman by name in his prayer, speaking to bravery.
"Fill our senators with a spirit that combines common sense with commitment, conscience and courage," he said.
Presiding officer Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., then led the group through the Pledge of Allegiance, followed by the traditional "Hear ye! Hear ye! Hear ye!" proclamation from the sergeant-at-arms.
There will be an opportunity on Saturday to motion for witnesses, prompting two hours of debate — potentially, kicking off a behind-closed-doors deposition process and extending the trial's timeline.
Democratic Sens. Sheldon Whitehouse, D-R.I. and Jeff Merkely, D-Ore., have expressed a willingness to entertain the idea, as has Republican Sen. Mitt Romney, despite leadership from both parties previously signaling wanting a speedy trial. The debate comes as new details emerge of a phone call between Trump and House Minority Speaker Kevin McCarthy.
But with Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell telling colleagues he will vote to acquit, it's all but certain Trump will not face conviction.
-ABC News' Trish Turner
McConnell tells colleagues he'll vote to acquit
Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell has told colleagues in an email he will vote to acquit Trump for "incitement of insurrection."
McConnell said, "While it was a close call" he believes impeachment is "primarily a tool of removal" and that the Senate now lacks jurisdiction with Trump out of office.
"The Constitution makes perfectly clear that Presidential misconduct while in office can be prosecuted after the President has left office, which in my view alleviates the otherwise troubling 'January exception' argument raised by the House," McConnell said in an email.
McConnell, on the Senate floor last month, criticized Trump for his behavior surrounding the attack on the Capitol.
"The mob was fed lies. They were provoked by the President and other powerful people, and they tried to use fear and violence to stop a specific proceeding of the first branch of the Federal Government which they did not like," McConnell said at the time.
Senate to determine whether to call witnesses
House impeachment managers and Trump's defense team on Saturday are expected to deliver closing arguments, for which they each have two hours, followed by a final vote on whether Trump is guilty of "incitement of insurrection" — but an 11th-hour push for witnesses may shift the trial's timeline.
Among other motions that may be called Saturday, there will be an opportunity to motion for witnesses, prompting two hours of debate — and potentially, kicking off a behind-closed-doors deposition process.
Democratic Sens. Sheldon Whitehouse, D-R.I. and Jeff Merkely, D-Ore., are two senators now expressing a willingness to entertain the idea, despite leadership from both parties previously signaling wanting a speedy trial. The debate comes as new details emerge of a phone call between Trump and House Minority Speaker Kevin McCarthy.
Rep. Jaime Herrera Beutler, R-Wash., one of ten House Republicans who voted to impeach Trump, in a statement overnight said that McCarthy spoke to Trump as violent protesters stormed the Capitol on Jan. 6, but the then-sitting president refused to stop them.
"To the patriots who were standing next to the former president as these conversations were happening, or even to the former vice president: if you have something to add here, now would be the time," she said in a statement.
The Senate will reconvene at 10 a.m.
GOP Rep. Herrera Beutler recounts details of Trump-McCarthy call in statement
Rep. Jaime Herrera Beutler tweeted out a statement Friday reiterating comments she made about a talk she had with House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy regarding former President Donald Trump's involvement in the Capitol siege.
The congresswoman from Washington's 3rd Congressional District is one of the 10 Republicans in the House voting for Trump's second impeachment.
In the statement, Herrera Beutler reiterated her claims (which she made earlier to Washington newspaper The Daily News) that McCarthy spoke to Trump as violent protesters stormed the Capitol on Jan. 6, but the then-sitting president refused to stop them.
"When McCarthy finally reached the president on January 6 and asked him to publicly and forcefully call off the riot, the president initially repeated the falsehood that it was antifa that had breached the Capitol," she wrote. "McCarthy refuted that and told the president that these were Trump supporters. That's when, according to McCarthy, the president said: 'Well, Kevin, I guess these people are more upset about the election than you are.'"
Herrera Beutler said she's shared these details in conversation with various colleagues ever since she decided to vote for Trump's impeachment.
She ended her statement by challenging those with firsthand knowledge of Trump's actions during the Capitol siege — including former Vice President Mike Pence — to come forward.
Feb 12, 10:23 pm
Trump lawyer threatened to quit night before defense began
David Schoen, one of former President Donald Trump's impeachment lawyers, threatened to quit Thursday night — just hours before he was to mount a defense of Trump's actions on Jan. 6.
The threat came as tensions grew among the team, specifically over how videos would be used in the defense and that some of the videos would be repeated multiple times, sources with direct knowledge told ABC News.
It wasn't until Trump called Schoen directly that he agreed to remain on the team. It also led to the speaking roles and order of the attorneys during the Friday defense presentation being altered, according to the sources.
Schoen and a spokesperson for the former president did not immediately respond to a request for comment from ABC News.
-ABC News' John Santucci and Katherine Faulders
Senate on track to wrap Trump's impeachment trial Saturday
After roughly three hours of opening arguments for Trump's defense team, followed by about three hours of questions and answers from senators, the Senate has adjourned Trump's second impeachment trial until Saturday at 10 a.m.
House impeachment managers and the defense team on Saturday will deliver closing arguments, for which they each have two hours, followed by the final vote on whether Trump is guilty of "incitement of insurrection."
Trump attorney Bruce Castor told Capitol Hill reporters late Friday he thought his side would take roughly an hour for their final argument.
Among other motions that could be called, a side could motion for witnesses, prompting two hours of debate on whether to call them to the chamber. However, leadership from both parties have signaled a desire for a speedy trial, and House impeachment managers have agued the senators, as impartial jurors, are themselves witnesses of the Jan. 6. attack.
Although the trial has been marked by partisan divides, all 100 senators agreed to pass legislation to award hero Capitol Police Officer Eugene Goodman the Congressional Gold Medal at the end of Friday's proceedings and gave Goodman, who was in the chamber, a standing ovation.
The House would still have to pass the bill for Goodman to make it official, but it may be one measure both chambers and parties can get behind in Washington in the wake of the deadly Capitol attack.
Capitol Police Officer Goodman receives standing ovation
After the question-and-answer period of the trial, Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer praised U.S. Capitol Police Officer Eugene Goodman, who led violent protesters away from the Senate chamber and whose actions helped prevent Sen. Mitt Romney, R-Utah from harm during the riot on Jan. 6.
"In the weeks after the attack on January the 6th, the world learned about the incredible, incredible bravery of Officer Goodman on that fateful day," Schumer said.
"Here in this trial, we saw a new video, powerful video, showing calmness under pressure, his courage in the line of duty, his foresight in the midst of chaos, and his willingness to make himself a target of the mob's rage so that others might reach safety. Officer Goodman is in the chamber tonight," he added.
Senators from both sides of the aisle rose to give Goodman a standing ovation.
Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell also sang the praises of Goodman, and the U.S. Capitol Police force's bravery during the riot.
"In the face of lawlessness, the officers of the U.S. Capitol lived out the fullest sense of their oath. If not for the quick thinking and bravery of Officer Eugene Goodman, in particular, people in this chamber may not have escaped that day unharmed," McConnell said. "Officer Goodman's actions reflect a deep, personal commitment to duty and brought even greater distinction upon all the brave brothers and sisters in uniform."
The Senate then passed a bill to award Goodman the Congressional Medal, the highest honor the body can bestow.
The bill goes to the House for approval. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi suggested on Thursday that she would propose awarding the honor to all Capitol Police officers, which is not what the Senate passed.
'Future of democracy rests in your hands': Castro
Rep. Joaquin Castro, D-Texas, answered a question on behalf of House impeachment managers from Sen. Michael Bennet, D-Colo., who noted that since the November election, officials have been under enormous pressure over upholding the election of President Joe Biden, and asked what would've happened if these officials had "bowed to the force" of Trump or the mob that attacked the Capitol.
Castro pointed to pressure put on officials, including Vice President Mike Pence, Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger and Republican-controlled legislatures across the country, and said if senators don't vote to convict they are giving a "green light" to this behavior.
"As a Congress and as a nation, we cannot be numb to this conduct. If we are, and if we do not set a precedent against it, our presidents will do this in the future. And this will be a green light to them to engage in that kind of pressure and conduct," he said.
"This could've gone a very different way if those election officials had bowed to the intimidation and the pressure of the president of the United States," he said.
"For us to believe otherwise and think that somehow a rabbit came out of the hat and a mob just showed up on their own, all by themselves. This is dangerous, senators," he said.
'This attack was not about one speech': Plaskett
Sen. Roger Marshall, R-Kan., asked if the article of impeachment was centered on the accusation that Trump incited the crowd, were the House managers contradicting themselves by outlining the premeditated nature and planning of this event.
Trump's defense lawyer, Michael van der Veen, immediately agreed with the question, saying "yes." He went on to use the remainder of his time to go back and talk about a previous question.
The House managers responded by reiterating that Trump's months-long campaign of disinformation helped lead to the insurrection.
"This attack was not about one speech," Del. Stacey Plaskett, D-Virgin Islands, said. "Most of you men would not have your wives with one attempt at talking to her. It took numerous tries. You had to build it up. That is what the president did as well. He put together a group that would do what he wanted."
The Senate adjourns until Saturday morning
The Senate has adjourned until Saturday at 10 a.m.
Question, answer period ends
The Senate has completed the question-and-answer period of the impeachment trial
Legal teams spar over future of impeaching officials from office
Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Fla., asked both House managers and Trump's legal team if a future Congress could impeach a former secretary of state.
"Voting to convict the former president would create a new precedent that a formal official can be convicted and disqualified by the Senate," Rubio's question said.
"Therefore, is it not true that, under this new precedent, a future House facing partisan pressure to "lock her up" could impeach a former secretary of state and a future Senate be forced to put her on trial and potentially disqualify from any future office?"
Lead House manager, Rep. Jamie Raskin, D-Md., said that the hypothetical question had "no bearing" on the trial.
"In this case, we have a president who committed his crimes against the republic while he was in office. He was impeached by the House of Representatives while he was in office," Raskin said. "So, you know, the hypothetical suggested by the gentleman from Florida has no bearing on this case because I don't think you're talking about an official who was impeached while they were in office for conduct that they … committed while they were in office."
Trump lawyer, Michael van der Veen said that the question represented a "slippery slope," saying that impeachment of former officials could become much more common.
"If you see it their way, yes. If you do this the way they want it done, that could happen to, the example there, a former secretary of state. But it could happen to a lot of people. And that's not the way this is supposed to work," van der Veen said. "And not only could it happen to a lot of people, it'd become much more regular too."
Raskin warns of the standard of presidential conduct the Senate will set
Lead House impeachment manager Rep. Jamie Raskin, D-Md., answered a pointed question from Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn., on the Brandenburg case — the landmark for incitement of a riot in a criminal proceeding — and whether the case prohibits holding public officials accountable through the impeachment process for any incitement of violence.
"They (Trump's defense attorneys) are treating their client like he is a criminal defendant. They are talking about beyond a reasonable doubt," Raskin said, pressing his view that impeachment is the proper course of action, while Trump's defense attorneys have argued, in part, Trump hasn't reached the Brandenburg standard.
"They think we are making a criminal case here. My friends, the former president is not going to spend one hour or one minute in jail, but this is about protecting a Republican articulating and defining the standards of presidential conduct — and if you want this to be a standard for totally appropriate presidential conduct going forward be my guest," Raskin said. "We are headed for a different kind of country at that point."
Castro: Trump's baseless election fraud claims were 'inciting' his base
Sen. Alex Padilla, D-Calif., asked House managers about how the former president's false allegations of election fraud led to the "radicalization" of Trump supporters and led to the attack on the Capitol.
House manger Rep. Joaquin Castro, D-Calif., argued that the former president's persistent claims about election fraud caused his supporters to buy into the "big lie" that the election was stolen, which incited them.
"That was the purpose behind Donald Trump saying that the election had been rigged and that the election had been stolen, and to be clear, when he says 'the election is stolen,' what he's saying is that the victory, and he even says one time, the election victory is being stolen from them. Think about how significant that is to Americans, again, you're right, over 70 million — I think 74 million — people voted for Donald Trump, and this wasn't a one-off comment. It wasn't one time," Castro said. "It was over and over and over and over and over again, with a purpose."
'There are long-standing consequences' if Senate acquits: Plaskett
Democratic Sens. Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota, Bob Casey of Pennsylvania, and Sherrod Brown of Ohio asked the House managers what message it will send if the Senate does not convict Trump.
"Our actions will reverberate as to what are the future consequences," House manager Del. Stacey Plaskett of the Virgin Islands said. "The extremists who attack the Capitol at the president's provocation will be emboldened, all our intelligence agencies have confirmed this."
Plaskett, using Trump's own words, warned that "this is only the beginning."
"There are long-standing consequences decisions like this that will define who we are as people, who America is," Plaskett continued.
Trump defense argues Senate can't impeach former official
A clerk momentarily took over for presiding officer Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., president pro tempore of the Senate, in reading a wordy question from Republican Sens. Marsha Blackburn and Mike Crappo on the Framers' intentions surrounding whether a former officer can be impeached.
"The Framers were very smart men and they went over draft after draft after draft on that document and they reviewed all the other drafts of all of the state constitutions — all of them — and they picked and chose what they wanted and they discarded what they did not. And what they discarded was the option for all of you to impeach a former elected official," Trump attorney Michael van der Veen said.
However, the Senate voted on Tuesday 55-45 to affirm its power that Trump trial's is constitutional and its within their authority to proceed. Impeachment managers have argued it's the correct course, rather than a criminal court.
Managers, defense bicker over whether Trump knew Pence was evacuated
Sens. Mitt Romney, R-Utah, and Susan Collins, R-Maine, asked both Trump's team and the House managers whether the former president knew that former Vice President Mike Pence had been escorted out of the Senate chamber for his safety when Trump sent a "disparaging tweet." Romney was the only Republican to vote to impeach Trump in the last trial.
House manager Rep. Joaquin Castro, D-Texas, insisted Trump "had to know." Castro pointed to a call the former president made to Sen. Tommy Tuberville, R.-Ala., saying that during the call, Tuberville told the president.
"And after Wednesday's trial portion concluded, as Sen. Tuberville spoke to reporters and confirmed the call he had with the president and did not dispute Manager Cicilline's description in any way that there was a call between he and the president around the time that Mike Pence was being ushered out of the chamber, and that was shortly after 2:00 p.m.," Castro said. "And Sen. Tuberville specifically said he told the president, 'Mr. President, they just took the vice president out. I've got to go.'"
However, Michael van der Veen insisted that there is no evidence presented by the House managers that the president knew Pence had been escorted out.
"There's nothing at all on the record at this time," van der Veen said. "Because the House failed to do even minimal amount of due diligence."
Plaskett argues Trump did 'nothing' to stop attack
Democratic Sens. Ed Markey and Tammy Duckworth asked House impeachment managers when Trump learned of the breach of the Capitol and what specific actions he took to end the violence.
Congresswoman Stacey Plaskett, D-Virgin Islands, responded, "The answer is nothing."
"Mr. President, senators, this attack was on live TV, on all major networks in real time," Plaskett said. "He knew the violence underway. He knew the severity of the threat and he knew Capitol Police were overwhelmingly outnumbered and fighting for their lives against thousands of insurgents with weapons. We know he knew that."
"'This is wrong. You must go back.' We did not hear that," she noted.
"Why did President Trump do nothing to stop the attacks for two hours after the attacks began? Why did President Trump do nothing to help protect the Capitol and law enforcement, battling the insurgents?" she asked. "The reason this question keeps coming up is because the answer is nothing."
Sen. Lisa Murkowksi of Alaska, one of six Republicans to vote Tuesday that the trial is constitutional, asked the same question to Trump's defense team earlier. Trump's attorney blamed House impeachment managers for not allowing for the time to investigate Trump's action's during the riot.
GOP senators question legitimacy of trial
Sens. Bill Hagerty, R-Tenn., and Tim Scott, R-S.C., asked Trump's defense lawyers if this wasn't just a "political show trial" "designed to discredit Trump and his policies and shame the 74 million Americans who voted for him" because the "appropriate persons" are already being held accountable in court already.
Trump's lawyer Bruce Castor answered by saying, "that's precisely what the 45th president believes this gathering is about."
Castor reiterated that federal authorities are continuing to prosecute those who invaded the Capitol on Jan. 6, and that the trial has "no sanction available under the Constitution in our view" because Trump no longer holds political office.
Plaskett: Trump 'deliberately encouraged' protesters to engate in violence
Sen. Jacky Rosen, D-Nev., asked the House managers, "Is there evidence that President Trump knew or should have known that his tolerance of anti-semitic hate speech, combined with his own rhetoric, could incite the kind of violence we saw January 6?"
Del. Stacey Plaskett, D-Virgin Islands, argued that a series of Trump's tweets and speeches prior "pattern and practice" of encouraging violence contributed to the violent assault on the Capitol.
"Donald Trump has a long history praising and encouraging violence, as you saw. He has espoused hateful rhetoric himself. He has not just tolerated it, but he's encouraged hateful speech by others. He has refused, as you saw in the September debate, that interview, to condemn extremists and white supremacist groups like the Proud Boys," Plaskett said. "And he has, at every opportunity, encouraged and cultivated actual violence by these groups."
Plaskett argued that Trump "deliberately encouraged" protesters to engage in violence by calling them to the rally on Jan. 6.
Defense doesn't say what actions Trump took to stop riot
Republican Sen. Lisa Murkowksi of Alaska, one of six Republicans to vote Tuesday the trial is constitutional, asked in writing when did Trump learn of the breach of the Capitol and what specific actions did he take to bring the rioting to an end. She also asked that they be "as detailed as possible."
Trump attorney Michael van der Veen answered for the defense but did not provide a clear answer of Trump's action, pointing to an afternoon tweet before slamming the managers' case.
"With the rush to bring this impeachment, there's been absolutely no investigation into that, and that's the problem with this entire proceeding. The House managers did zero investigation and the American people deserve a lot better than coming in here with no evidence — hearsay on top of hearsay on top of reports that are of hearsay. Due process is required here and that was denied," he said.
However, party leaders agreed before the trial that due process was reached, according to multiple statements from Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell. House managers have also argued that the senators, acting as jurors, were all witnesses to the attack.
Warnock asks about efforts in courts to overturn election
Sen. Raphael Warnock, D-Ga., asked if it was true that in the months leading up to Jan. 6 dozens of courts, including federal and state courts, rejected Trump's campaign efforts to overturn the election.
"That is true," Lead House Manager Jamie Raskin, D-Md., said. "I want to be clear though that we have absolutely no problem with President Trump having pursued his belief that the election was being stolen."
Raskin went on to reiterate that Trump lost in 61 straight cases in federal and state courts, including courts in Pennsylvania, Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada and Wisconsin.
"When he crossed over from non-violent means, no matter how ridiculous or absurd — that's fine, he's exercising his rights," Raskin added. "To inciting violence. That's what this trial is about."
GOP senators ask about politicians raising bail for rioters
Sens. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C. Ted Cruz, R-Texas, Kevin Cramer, R-N.D., and Roger Marshall, R-Kansas, asked Trump's defense whether a politician raising bail for rioters encourages more rioters.
"Does a politician raising bail for rioters encourage more rioting?" the Senate clerk read.
Bruce Castor, Jr of Trump's defense responded simply, "yes."
1st question asks whether siege would have happened without Trump
The first question in writing at Trump's second impeachment trial came from Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and Sen. Dianne Feinstein, D-Calif., to the House impeachment managers.
"Is not the case that the violent attack and siege on the Capitol on Jan. 6 would not have happened if not for the conduct of President Trump," read presiding officer Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., president pro tempore of the Senate.
House impeachment manager Rep. Joaquin Castro, D-Texas, approached the lectern on behalf of the group.
"To answer your question very directly, Donald Trump summoned the mob. He assembled the mob and he lit the flame. Everything that followed was because of his doing. And although he could have immediately and forcefully intervened to stop the violence, he never did," Castro said. "In other words, this violent, bloody insurrection that occurred on Jan. 6 would not have occurred but for President Trump."
Castro emphasized their argument that the attack "did not happen by accident" and the "mob did not come out of thin air," citing Trump's repeated false claims of election fraud and calls to his supporters to "stop the steal."
He called the situation Trump created leading up to the Jan. 6 rally "incredibly combustible."
"He looked out the sea of thousands, some in body armor, with flagpoles, some of which beat Capitol Police with, and told them they could play by different rules," he said. "Once the attack began, insurgent after insurgent made clear they were following president orders."
Senate trial resumes with question-and-answer portion
The Senate has returned from a roughly 35-minute break following Trump's defense team wrapping up their arguments.
The trial is now in a question-and-answer portion, where senators can ask questions of the House managers and the Trump defense team. Questions are submitted in writing by senators and read aloud by presiding officer Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., president pro tempore of the Senate.
The question-and-answer portion of the trial is not to exceed four hours over one session day.
Dems push back on defense claims they weren't given trial materials, due process
A senior aide on the House impeachment managers' team told ABC News that the Trump team was given the trial record, including all video and audio used, prior to the start of the trial, despite the Trump defense team claiming otherwise.
Trump attorney David Shoen in earlier arguments Friday said his team was not given an opportunity to review House managers' evidence before the trial because they were not granted appropriate due process.
In addition to House managers saying all materials were given to Trump's defense team, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell released at least two public statements in advance of Tuesday's trial saying due process was agreed to by both parties.
"Republicans set out to ensure the Senate's next steps will respect former President Trump's rights and due process, the institution of the Senate, and the office of the presidency. That goal has been achieved. This is a win for due process and fairness," McConnell said in a statement on Jan. 22. "This structure has been approved by both former President Trump's legal team and the House managers because it preserves due process and the rights of both sides," he said in another statement Monday.
Republican Sen. Lindsey Graham, a vocal ally of the former president, also tweeted this week that the trial resolution agreed upon is "fair to all concerned."
-ABC News' Trish Turner, Katherine Faulders and Benjamin Siegel
Castor says Trump innocent as there 'was no insurrection'
Bruce Castor Jr., a lawyer for Trump's defense team whose performance at the beginning of the trial was criticized by Republican senators and even drew ire from Trump, argued to the Senate that the former president did not incite an insurrection based on what he said is the legal definition of the term.
"Clearly, there was no insurrection. Insurrection is a term of — defined in the law. It involves taking over a country, a shadow government, taking the TV stations over and having some plan on what you're going to do when you finally take power," Castor said. "Clearly, this is not that."
Castor also argued that the House mangers did not put Trump's comments into context, and that the president would not have wanted a violent riot to occur and insisted that Trump was the most "pro-police, anti-mob" president in history.
"We know that the president would never have wanted such a riot to occur, because his long-standing hatred for violent protesters and his love for law and order is on display, worn on his sleeve every single day that he served in the White House."
Castor argued that the House managers have misled the Senate about what Trump said at the rally outside the White House. Castor said Trump didn't explicitly tell his supporters to storm the Capitol, Castor continued. Castor argued that the only direction he gave was to get lawmakers to "fight," and if they didn't, to "primary them."
"They have used selective editing and many belated visuals to paint a picture far different from this truth," Castor said of the House managers.
Trump defense team wraps arguments
The Senate is taking a roughly 15-minute break following roughly three hours of arguments from Trump's defense team.
The trial will move forward with the question and answer portion after the break.
A look inside the chamber
The video montages from Trump's defense team cut some of the tension in the chamber that had been building over the last few days as senators earlier in the trial watched the close calls with rioters and a desecrated Capitol building on Jan. 6.
Some senators, like Sen. Joni Ernst, R-Iowa, were seen giggling on Friday.
Some in the GOP appeared to appreciate and enjoy the "fight" montages. Republican Sens. Rick Scott of Florida and Rand Paul or Kentucky appeared to revel in the mashups from the defense.
Democrats, meanwhile, audibly groaned when the Trump legal team played the video montages of them using the word "fight." Others laughed at the comparison. Sen. Dick Durbin, D-Ill., spent a long time staring at the ceiling with his hands in a prayer pose, tapping the tips of his fingers together in agitated boredom.
Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer sat slouched in his chair while Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell was statute-like during the presentation.
When van der Veen accused lead House impeachment manager Rep. Jamie Raskin, D-Md., of hypocrisy and gestured to him, Raskin was sitting just feet away, looked straight at him and began writing fervently in his notepad.
Every senator in the chamber was wearing a mask, according to one pool reporter, except for Paul, who hasn't worn one at the Capitol for weeks.
Officer Eugene Goodman, who helped protect the Capitol on Jan. 6 and saved Sen. Mitt Romney, R-Utah, from a potential confrontation with rioters — is providing security from the gallery again Friday, as he has the last few days.
-ABC News' Trish Turner, Katherine Faulders and Adia Robinson
Democrat slams Trump defense team for false equivalence
During the trial recess, Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn., blasted Trump's defense team for playing selective, mashup videos of Democrats telling supporters to "fight," accusing the attorneys of "trying to draw a false, dangerous and distorted equivalence."
"I think it is plainly a distraction from Donald Trump inviting the mob to Washington, knowing it was armed, changing the route and the timing so as to incite them to march on the Capitol and then reveling, without remorse, without doing anything to protect his own vice president and all of us," Blumenthal said.
"I think that the case is even more powerful after this very distorted talk," he added.
'Table's turned' during the defense presentation: ANALYSIS
During the recess, ABC News Senior National Correspondent Terry Moran noted that "the table's turned" during Trump's defense presentation.
"It is really what our partisan politics are all about right now," Moran said. "It is less about what you believe than who you hate."
As a part of the defense, Trump's lawyers showed clips of videos of Democrats using fighting language during their own political speeches, drawing a comparison to the former president.
"Counter attacking with what about-ism is basically what partisan politics has come to in the United States," Moran continued.
ABC News Chief Washington Correspondent, Jonathan Karl said this defense was considerably more effective due to the audience of the trial and who needs to be swayed, mainly Republican senators.
"They put it back very much on a partisan line, describing this as a political act of vengeance — this impeachment trial — and playing all those Democrats saying things that could be seen as incendiary," Karl said.
Senate trial resumes
The Senate has returned from a roughly 40-minute break to resume arguments from Trump's defense team.
Psaki cites House managers' performance as a takeaway from trial
As Trump's lawyers get their defense presentation underway, ABC News White House Correspondent MaryAlice Parks asked White House press secretary Jen Psaki what message she thinks Americans should have learned from the Senate trial this week.
Psaki said that Americans "learned about the power of some individuals in the House they might not have known before," perhaps referring to Del. Stacey Plaskett, D-Virgin Islands, who had a strong presentation that prompted chatter that she is a rising Democratic star.
"They certainly saw some — some powerful footage that was a reminder of the shocking events that happened on January 6th. And you know, I think they saw, as the president has said, that that day was an assault on our democracy and it was a reminder of why it can never happen again," Psaki continued.
-ABC News' Sarah Kolinovsky
Van der Veen focuses on text of Trump's Jan. 6 speech without context
Trump defense attorney Michael van der Veen broke down Brandenburg v. Ohio, a case House managers raised Thursday. Van der Veen cited the "landmark case on the issue of incitement speech" to argue that Trump didn't intend for supporters to attack the Capitol.
A displayed slide read that the Brandenburg test "precludes speech from being sanctioned as incitement to riot unless: 1) the speech explicitly or implicity encouraged use of violence or lawless action, 2) the speaker intends that his speech will result in use of violence of lawless action and 3) the imminent use of violence or lawless action is likely to result from the speech."
He called Trump's uses of the words "fight" in the speech "metaphorical." However, he did not address the impeachment managers' assertions that Trump had primed his supporters with a "big lie" of a stolen election.
"Spare us the hypocrisy and false indignation. It's a term used over and over and over again by politicians on both sides of the aisle," van der Veen said, honing in on arguments of "whataboutisms" of Democrats.
"The reality is Mr. Trump was not in any way shape or form instructing these people to fight or to use physical violence. What he was instructing them to do was to challenge their opponents in primary elections to push for sweeping election reforms, to hold big tech responsible," he said.
However, at least 15 individuals who stormed the building have since said that they acted based on Trump's encouragement, including some of those accused of the most violent and serious crimes. House managers also argued in their time that Trump's oath of office to protect the country supersedes his First Amendment rights.
Trump's defense team has also played extended video of Trump's speech at the Jan. 6 rally, in which the former president repeated false claims that the election was stolen and encouraged Republican lawmakers to vote to overturn the Electoral College results.
Trump's legal team argues for 'unity,' while attacking Democrats
"It is the time for unity and healing and focusing on the interests of the nation as a whole," Trump attorney David Schoen said. "We should all be seeking to cool temperatures, calm passions, rise above partisan lines."
It's worth noting that Trump's attorneys have repeatedly singled out Democrats, both in the Senate, and the House managers themselves, and made increasingly personal criticisms in their effort to pugnaciously defend Trump, after Democrats went out of their way not to impugn GOP senators who supported Trump's efforts to overturn the election. Democrats in the House and Senate were featured in edited videos used by Trump's legal team.
"If it is not about the words but about the big lie of a stolen election, then why isn't House manager Raskin guilty since he tried to overturn the 2016 election?" Trump attorney Michael van der Veen asked.
Senate takes short break
The Senate is taking a roughly 15-minute break before continuing with arguments from Trump's defense team.
GOP senator questions effectiveness of using Dems' fiery rhetoric
Ahead of the trial resuming on Friday, Sen. John Thune of South Dakota — the No. 2 in GOP leadership — questioned the effectiveness of the defense team using videos of Democrats saying similar words that Trump has used. He said he isn't sure "that it bears a lot on this case."
However, it's a strategy the defense team is leaning into with its arguments.
"They may show some videos of other similar incidents, which I don't know if that's an effective strategy," Thune said.
Asked if there was an equivalency to what happened at the Capitol on Jan. 6 and Democrats' past rhetoric, Thune didn't express confidence that Trump's attorneys would make that case.
"Well, that's what I'm saying, I don't know, I think we will see. It depends, I suppose, on how they tie it all together," he said.
Looking past the trial, Thune said he might be supportive of a censure to the former president and said it depends on if that measure could be "effective."
"I know there were a couple of resolutions out there," Thune said, adding that at least a couple "could attract some support."
He said he didn't think resolutions to bar Trump from running again would "go anywhere."
Van der Veen argues Trump's words covered by 1st Amendment
The former president's legal team argued that the increased "hatred" in politics has led to more incendiary political language and that the First Amendment protections must be applied evenly across all political language.
"Will the Senate then have to deal with constant articles of impeachment by a majority party accusing minority presidents or other elected officials of so-called 'inciteful' or false speeches?" Michael van der Veen said. "You can see where this would lead."
Van der Veen argued that Trump's speech and the speech of other politicians is protected by case law and the Constitution, and accused House managers of urging senators to ignore that.
"They astoundingly urge you to disregard your oath by ignoring the First Amendment of the Constitution. They also ignore landmark binding United States Supreme Court cases … which unequivocally hold that elected officials have core First Amendment rights to engage in the exact type of political speech which Mr. Trump engaged in," van der Veen said.
Defense team uses mashup videos to argue normalcy of Trump speech
Arguing Democrats are setting a "dangerous double standard," Trump attorney David Schoen played several mashup videos of notable Democratic figures calling for supporters to "fight" and clips of them questioning election results in years past, in an effort to paint Trump's rhetoric as normal political speech.
"Every single one of you and everyone of you, that's OK. You didn't do anything wrong. It's a word people use but please stop the hypocrisy," Schoen said.
Schoen argued that the Trump team was denied due process and that the reason for the impeachment is because of Democrats' strong dislike of Trump and the Republican Party.
"The House managers' position really is that when Republican candidates for office claim an election is stolen or the winner is illegitimate it constitutes inciting an insurrection and the candidate should know it. But Democratic Party candidates for public elected office are perfectly entitled to claim the election was stolen or that the winner is illegitimate or to make any other outrageous claim they can. It is their absolute right to do so," he said, pointing to claims around the 2016 election.
-ABC News' Allison Pecorin
Tensions arise on Trump's legal team as impeachment defense prepares to get underway: Sources
Just hours before Donald Trump's attorneys are to launch their defense of the former president in his Senate impeachment trial, sources tell ABC News that there is growing tension within the legal team.
Sources with direct knowledge of the situation tell ABC News that Trump wants attorney Bruce Castor to have a reduced role in the presentation in favor of co-counsel David Schoen, which they say is leading to some infighting. Multiple sources close to Trump say they are hoping that Schoen takes control and wraps up the defense's presentation on Friday.
Neither Castor, Schoen or representatives of the former president immediately responded to inquiries from ABC News seeking comment.
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This tutorial is about showing how to develop a teaching class of robotics that allows the students practice each one with a robot, and allow the teacher to concentrate on teaching and the student on learning robotics, instead of solving configuration/installation errors.
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First, there are not enough robots for all the students, and the existing robots are usually very simple.
Second, it is a nightmare to have each student with their computer ready for the robotics class, either because the operating system is not the proper one, the version of ROS is not the correct one, or there are many problems installing the required version of Gazebo.
We will teach a solution that removes all those barriers, because uses systems already prepared in the cloud. The environment used by each student will be exactly the same as the teacher's, hence the teacher can be sure that his exercises will work for the students.
This will allow the teacher to concentrate on the teaching instead of solving problems of versions, configurations or installations, at the same time that allows the student to learn complex concepts by using many different (simulated) robots that otherwise would never had access to.
We will be using the tool The Construct that provides different types of simulators for robotics through a web browser.
We will provide a complete course we have developed that teaches the basics of robotics, simulations and ROS by means of robot simulations in the cloud. This course will be freely available for all teachers and students.
THIS IS A HANDS-ON TUTORIAL!
All participants must come with a laptop in order to practice the exercises that will be presented.
No specific requirements needed for the laptop, just have installed the latest version of Chrome, Firefox or Safari.