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Home Entertainment Kurdish singer sparks identity debate on Arab talent show
Kurdish singer sparks identity debate on Arab talent show
By Isabel Coles ARBIL, Iraq (Reuters) – A singer from Iraq's Kurdistan region has made it through to the semi-final of an Arab talent contest, igniting heated debates over Iraqi identity and politicizing the popular TV show. A panel of judges praised 24-year-old Parwaz Hussein and she was voted through to the next round of "Arab Idol", in which aspiring popstars from Morocco to Bahrain compete for a recording contract. …
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Walsall poet and writer Paul Morris has released a charity poetry anthology entitled "Within Darkness and Light." With the book generating a lot of interest I took the opportunity to chat with Paul via email to get some details on the book and more.
Q1 – congratulations on publishing Within Darkness and Light, tell me a little more about the book, why you decided to put together an anthology and why that particular theme?
Thank you Richard. Within Darkness & Light is a collection of poetry that focuses on the psychological, emotional darkness and light aspects of life. The poetry included is very real, honest and quite beautiful.
As someone who has spent an entire life living with mental health issues, the contradiction of dark and light emotions is very relevant in my life. I wanted to produce a collection of work that conveys this. The poets who have contributed to the book, which I'm delighted includes your good self, have realised this vision and have shared some of their innermost in quite an open and personal way.
Why this subject? Well, I've always wanted to do 'my bit' and help raise more awareness of mental health issues. I'm hoping that this book helps people to relate to issues they might be experiencing in a positive way. It's a way of reaching out I guess.
It's important to me that proceeds from the sale of this book go to the charity Mind. They do amazing work for the souls in need and I want to give something back to them.
Q2. How long have you been writing stories and poetry and what made you pick up the pen and start?
I started writing poems, songs and stories when I was 15, nearly 30 years ago. Despite having quite a collection of work, nothing became of it, as I ended up discarding it all because I felt it was worthless. Something which I greatly regret and never will repeat.
I restarted writing late 2015 because the passion was always there within me and I wanted to follow my dream, which was to have my own published book sitting between other books on my book-shelf. Thanks to the love and support from my Wife and children, I began to thrive and believe in myself. I've now reached a position where I have connected with some fantastic people, learnt so much and have had my work published in a few books. It's this kind of support that's inspired me to focus on an anthology.
Q3. If you could only do one out of writing stories or poetry which would you choose and why?
Poetry! It allows me to be free in a way that writing stories doesn't. My stories require me to go deep within, living the characters and their experiences. When I write a poem, it's a real emotion and an escape from whatever, or expressing love.
I find writing poetry an escape from reality and it aids my mind, allowing it to 'breathe' a little easier. It's great therapy. Most of the time.
Q4. Never a man to rest on your laurels I see you have your own book of short stories and poetry entitled "Hopeful Dreams and Damaged Nightmares," out soon, tell me a little about what readers can expect from the book and the inspiration behind that scary cover?
The book is a collection of my own poetry and very short stories, that I've produced over the last 18 months. It's fair to say that most of the work is quite emotionally dark, but I'm hoping that folks may find something relevant in the pieces. At times, darkness can be quite beautiful.
Richard note – the cover is done by the excellent Darkslide photography who did the brilliant cover for my book Poems on the Bus.
Q5. Self publishing is growing more and more popular these days, so with two books under your belt what advice would you give anyone looking to publish a book?
Okay, tough call. I've learnt so much from experienced self-published authors, but, I still have so much to learn. I guess the most important piece of advice I could give is, take your time and make sure that your piece of work is ready for publishing. Before you hit 'the button' to share it via Amazon or Lulu or whatever, make sure that you've proof read it over and over. In fact, that's my advice, buy a proof copy and read it through before you publish. Don't rush the process.
Q6 If people want to read more of your work where can they find you online.
I'd be delighted if people would care to check me out via https://paulbmorrismedia.wordpress.com/ They can then jump on board my other social media sites.
A big thanks to Paul for taking the time to answer my questions, Within Darkness and Light is now ready to buy and can be found by clicking here.
and not finding your path blocked by someone in uniform.
not having to worry about being reported as antisocial.
never worrying about a knock on your door in the dead of night.
with no fear of being blindfolded and stood against a wall.
It's National Poetry Day tomorrow, here's how you can join in.
On September 28th National Poetry Day is taking place and if you're a poet you're certainly want to know how to get involved.
Taking part is as simple or complicated as you want it to be. The theme for this years day is Freedom, simply share a poem with this theme on September 28th and you have done your part. If you want to go one step further here's some ideas, you could organise a poetry reading of as many people as you want, leave your poems on a bus for all to enjoy or share your love of words with your work colleagues. The choice is yours.
The National Poetry Day website has a ton of free resources and information you might find useful, just click here to see them.
I'll be celebrating with a poem and I'm also hosting a National Poetry Day Open mic on September 30th at my local bookshop Southcart Books, full details here.
Whatever you do I hope you enjoy the day, here's some links to my previous National Poetry Day poems.
My 2015 poem on the theme of light.
My 2016 poem on the theme of messages.
Your heart is a black hole.
Only to have it lost in its depths.
With no chance of escape.
The brewery gates never seemed to shut.
And beer that made the mouth water came out.
Settling gently on my estate.
As my senses tingled on the way to the bus stop.
Except for the mice and cats.
Because they used to brew beer here.
I don't think it tastes the same.
You can feel the tension mounting.
Building to an epic moment.
A moment of true Hollywood proportions.
A countdown is about to reach zero.
Worlds hang in the balance.
The fear in your stomach stars to rise again.
For the final showdown between good and evil.
Gnarled hands hold an old blade.
This summer I had the pleasure of performing at an event to raise money for the Pikpa refugee camp in Lesvos, Greece, which was a great success. Now this Saturday the event is running again at Waterstones in Birmingham and I'm pleased to have been asked to perform again.
If you are in the area here's the link to the event page on Facebook.
If you're not local but still want to support this great cause then here's a link to the donation page.
"My wish is to go to my home in Iraq and play with my friends and go to my school when the Isis is finished." With the balance of home life, comes the balance of dreams. This is now the dream of one child on the refugee camp known as 'Pikpa'. It's sad enough, and this is one place, one child. There are people fleeing their homes and seeking refuge all over the world. But if we can help one, we can work towards helping the many.
Which then begs the question….
why do I expect anyone to read it?
And why did I even bother to write it?
Turning summer to autumn overnight.
Seemingly impatient to be free.
Going from grey to black in a heartbeat.
Returning from a brief holiday.
My head was on fire with poetry.
The rain hissed as it hit me.
Sending me running for home.
Reached instinctively for my pen.


It was a Friday night, Gangstagrass was playing at Ziggy's, and Texas boots and baseball hats were the height of fashion.
In some ways, it's what you'd expect from a bluegrass/hip-hop show, but in another, unexpected way, Gangstagrass' performance showed that mixing two radically different genres can sometimes be more than novelty.
Gangstagrass opened with "I'm Gonna Put You Down," borrowing a chorus from the bluegrass standard "Dig a Hole in the Meadow." The song, which was originally recorded with TONEZ, was almost better with Dolio the Sleuth and R-SON the Voice of Reason on vocals. The pair can rap at nearly any speed, sometimes just progressing into gibberish. R-SON is calculated and precise with his delivery, while Dolio is restrained by the slow, folksy rhythms.
Instead of falling into what could have been the ultimate stoner genre, Gangstagrass builds from the essence of lonely gunslingers, creating portraits of the romantic West.
The subsequent song, "Long Hard Times to Come," was nominated for an Emmy and incited Rench to produce more albums as Gangstagrass. The line-up changes with each album, but Rench's insistence that there is a market for hip-hop bluegrass remains.
"I've gone flow-for-flow with hundreds of dudes/ knowing all the while I got nothing to lose/ and there ain't no stopping/ I guess that I'm destined/ to keep rambling on like Led Zeppelin," sings R-SON on "Gun Slinging Rambler," underscoring the similarities between the Wild West and the streets where hip hop was born.
Rench often takes on the chorus, his voice lacking the conviction of great bluegrass singers. He sings about being a real cowboy but comes off as a country boy who prefers Mountain Dew to moonshine.
They have all the makings of the standard bluegrass band; a fiddle, an acoustic guitar, a dobro and banjo. The hip-hop element comes in as a thick backbeat, bright and uncomplicated. It's lame by most hip-hop standards but well suited for the high-tones of the fiddle.
There's a comical aspect to their movements. Dolio stands near the back, nodding his head during most of the set, but when the song presents itself, he suddenly transforms. He dashes across the floor, making dramatic sweeping movements as he raps. R-SON takes on a master-of-ceremonies persona, introducing band members and hyping up the crowd in-between songs.
There are at least 40 people in attendance, almost all white. The crowd has already been drinking for an hour by the time Gangstagrass began. A flabby man with a shirt that reads, "Beer; because no great story ever started with someone eating a salad" makes an aggressive push to the bar. Near the front of the stage, the tie-dyed shirt is swaying back and forth, noticeable inebriated.
The few instrumental breaks, like the one long, swelling dobro solo — the most impressive part of the set —were often interrupted by R-SON's hype.
He would chime in with, "Cakalaka, where you at?" or, "Gangstagrass, let's do this thing." It was jarring and disruptive to any synergy that was happening, only for the purpose of reminding everyone that, yes, it is very cool to play bluegrass and hip hop all at once.
Despite some of the shortcomings, Gangstagrass has charisma. "Man of Constant Sorrow," a song originally written for sad and lonely folk singers, expertly arranged the Stanley Brothers classic for barroom revelry. Gangstagrass gets their charm from insisting that what they do will work, and in some ways it does.
For a band that could easily be stuck playing the soundtrack to smoke shops across the nation, there's enough self-awareness to just how ridiculous bluegrass and hip-hop fusion is that only a purist of either genre would have nothing good to say.


1 and 2 year formulation scientist positions are available. The formulation scientists will explore different formulation vehicles and approaches to increase the solubility of peptide-based drugs and prevent gelation in serum from multiple species (including human). New formulations will be used to assess efficacy of antibiotics in a rabbit model of tuberculosis using parenteral delivery. Competitive candidates should have a strong formulation background with biologics. Ph.D. level preferred with a degree in biochemistry, chemistry, chemical and biological engineering, material science or related fields.
Applicants in the following areas are also encouraged.


The focus for the curriculum of 'The Arts' within the school is to ensure that Dance, Drama, Visual Arts and Sound Arts are a regular part of the curriculum in all classrooms. It is also the focus of the school to provide the students with a range of experiences in these areas, outside of the classroom programme.Using the New Zealand Curriculum as a guiding document we need to ensure that students have the opportunity to have understanding, develop practical knowledge, develop ideas and communicate and interpret the four different areas of The Arts.
Visual Art programmes throughout the school are presently designed by classroom teachers supporting topic studies and general drawing and painting techniques. The other areas are covered in the classroom programmes to varying degrees. Dance is being covered school-wide with the introduction of movement to music (in the form of Jump Jam) during the morning fitness programme. Drama and music require a certain level of skill from the teacher and as people generally tend to work within their understandings the amount of music and drama experienced in each classroom is very different. As a school we will try to provide opportunities for the children to be exposed to as many different forms of 'The Arts' as possible. Room 3 has been set up as a 'school music room'. There are musical instruments available and a safe space for dance and drama.So far this year we have had a group of authors come to perform, the children from the whanau unit have done a kapa haka performance, Rooms 13 and 14 receive weekly kapa haka tuition and the children in the whanau unit are going to the Ngati Hine Festival to watch and appreciate Kapa Haka from other schools.
We will continue to look for opportunities where the different forms of 'The Arts' are promoted. Syndicates may need to look at utilising the current skills of staff so to ensure adequate coverage of each of the strands in all classrooms.
The budget is still quite intact as it is early in the year and classroom programmes are quite well supported in resources.


As of Monday, Dec. 24, the Prairie County Sheriff's Department (PCSD) currently has 40 individuals in custody on both felony and/or misdemeanor charges at the Prairie County Detention Center, located in Des Arc.
Recent additions include -- zero female for felony, one female on a misdemeanor, zero male on misdemeanor, zero male for felony -- charges.
Shalandta Humbert was arrested on failure to pay child support.


The statistic shows the population density in Canada from 2007 to 2017. In 2017 the population density in Canada was around 4.04 inhabitants per square kilometer. The country has one of the lowest population densities in the world, as the total population of Canada is very small in relation to the dimensions of the land.


Hemiarthroplasty is a surgical technique that is commonly used to treat hip fractures. Although similar to a total hip replacement, hip fracture hemiarthroplasty only replaces half of the hip, rather than the entire joint. The hip joint is a "ball-and-socket" joint. The head of the femur makes up the ball, while the acetabulum of the hip serves as the socket. Hemiarthroplasty for a broken hip replaces only the ball portion of the joint and leaves the original socket intact.
According to a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association over 300,000 hip fractures occur every year in the those over the age of sixty-five. The number of hip fractures in the United States is expected to increase dramatically due to longer life expectancy and the rising incidence of osteoporosis.
Contact Beverly Hills orthopaedic surgeon Sonu Ahluwalia, M.D., to learn more about hip surgery or to schedule a consultation. Our number is 310.430.1310, or you can reach us online.
Hip Fracture Treatment – Why Hemiarthroplasty?
Fractures of the hip often occur within the thin neck section of the thighbone (femur) that helps connect the "ball" end of the bone to the main shaft of the femur. When a fracture occurs in this area of the bone, it can cut off blood supply and lead to severe joint damage – a complication of the hip fracture known as avascular necrosis.
There are several types of devices available to use for hip hemiarthroplasty. All of these options will be discussed with you to help determine the best possible treatment plan for your hip fracture repair.
Hip hemiarthroplasty is performed under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia. Dr. Ahluwalia utilizes a minimally invasive muscle sparing approach and will make an incision over the outside of the hip. The fractured femoral head will then be removed and replaced with a prosthetic implant. Because only the "ball" portion of the hip joint is damaged, the socket is left intact. Once the surrounding muscles and tissues are reattached, the incisions will be closed with stitches.
Following your hip fracture hemiarthroplasty you will be monitored in a recovery room until the effects of the anesthesia have worn off. When you are awake and alert, Dr. Ahluwalia will assess your condition and discuss an individualized recovery plan. This may include prescription medications, physical therapy, compression garments, activity limitations, and follow up appointments. The medications that may be prescribed to aid in your recovery include painkillers, anticoagulants, and antibiotics.
It will be important to start moving around as much as possible in the days following your procedure. Physical therapy will be important after surgery to help restore movement and function to the joint. Therapy begins as soon as the patient feels comfortable after surgery, which is often the very next day.
Research shows that 6 months of physical therapy can improve quality of life and reduce disability following hip replacement procedures. Patients tend do much much better after the procedure. The overwhelming majority of patients experience effective, long-term results from the hemiarthroplasty procedure.
Dr. Ahluwalia is a top Beverly Hills orthopaedic surgeon. To learn more about hip fracture hemiarthroplasty or to schedule a consultation, call us today at 310.651.7099. We look forward to hearing from you!


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Saint-Ours Canal National Historic Site
The national historic site is open every day of the year from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m.
Lockstation hours 2023
Date: May 19 to June 22
Saturday, Sunday and holidays
Date: June 23 to August 13
Date: August 14 to September 4
Date: September 5 to October 9
Transit time: 30 minutes
Please arrive at least 60 minutes before the last lockage. The floating docks are located on starboard (island side).
Please take note that times of first and last lockages are not guaranteed. To maximize chances of being locked through, arrive early enough to allow complete lockages in both directions.
To contact lock keepers
By phone : 450-755-8140
By VHF-Canal 68 during hours of operation
Opening hours of the Saint-Ours dam and fishway*
The Saint-Ours dam is now accessible to pedestrians and cyclists at all times during the operating season.
The fishway is open daily from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.*.
*Subject to change. Please consult the schedule posted at the entrance of the dam located on the Saint-Roch-de-Richelieu side for the most up-to-date information.
Other canals schedules
Plan your itinerary efficiently by using these hyperlinks to the navigation schedules of the other canals within the Parks Canada network.
Historic canals in Quebec
Lachine Canal navigation schedule
Chambly Canal navigation schedule
Carillon Canal navigation schedule
Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue Canal navigation schedule
Historic canals in Ontario
Trent-Severn Waterway navigation schedule
Rideau Canal navigation schedule
Maps and technical data
Visitor guidelines on cannabis


Sophie Williams was co-designer of Hellboy: The Board Game, lead designer on Ancient Grudges: Bonefields and is working on several other projects including Newbury & Hobbes: The Curse of Menamhotep. When she isn't writing rules, making prototypes games or struggling under a mountain of tokens and chits, she organises industry networking events and provides business support to a number of Nottingham-based games companies.
James M Hewitt was lead designer on several boxed games for Games Workshop before starting Needy Cat, including Adeptus Titanicus, Blitz Bowl and Warhammer Quest: Silver Tower. He was co-designer of Hellboy: The Board Game and a few other things that haven't been announced yet. Prior to designing games, his career highlights included Community Manager for Mantic Games, retail store manager for Games Workshop and general dogsbody on the Joe Pasquale comedy tour.
Most of our time is spent designing games for clients in the industry, but we also offer rules review and business support. Games we design tend to be heavy on theme, offering juicy decisions for players and telling stories that are cinematic and memorable. We're big believers in innovation when it comes to mechanics and gameplay, and the phrase "just make it functional, don't worry about making it any good" has been known to cause us actual physical pain.
A summary of the games we've worked on - we'll be adding more as they're revealed!
A brief catalogue of the main services we offer.
We run a networking group for people in the tabletop games industry. Click here to read more.
A detailed breakdown of our process for designing games. We use this as a reference when discussing projects with clients, but it's also a useful read for newcomers to game design!
If you're interested in helping us playtest our games, click here to apply.
Keep track of what we're up to, with development diaries, event reports and more.
Games often have long lead times, and a lot of what we've worked on is still under wraps. Here are a few we've been involved in that we can talk about! Click an image to read more.


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Underneath
Below, Chris Gardiner's narrative dungeon-delving game, is now live! I've had a blast playtesting the beta, and am very happy to see it move on to a broader audience.
Below combines elements of several disparate genres, but ends up with a unique flavor of its own. It has the semi-random structure and permadeath of a roguelike; it's played in the browser like a casual game; it's text-heavy like a classic adventure game; it has the atmosphere and character-building dynamic of a fantasy roleplaying game. The result is a game that feels a great deal like a folk tale, filled with both abstract, representational elements and very specific moments that strike you with their evocative detail.
The mechanics have changed a great deal during the time it's been in beta, with many of my early powergaming techniques being nerfed or obsoleted by later developments. A significant change to Second Chance items was made recently, and I haven't yet adapted my playstyle in response, so I'm probably not the best source for tips. Still, here are some general suggestions I have for new players.
Both of the available characters (Barefoot Friar and Blacksmith's Daughter) are of roughly equal utility. The Friar is probably slightly more forgiving for new characters thanks to his Condition-removing ability, while the Smith can be a bit more powerful at endgame.
Don't feel like you need to pump up all of your stats. Particularly when starting off, you'll usually need to trade off one for another. Try to pick one or two to focus on, and dump on the remaining one.
Whenever you can, try to get heirlooms that will help future characters, or reputations, prestige cards, and items that will carry over to your current character's future quests. In the long run, you'll probably end up with more XP than you can spend, so don't hoard it.
You can unlock achievements by dying, or by retiring characters. It makes sense to do this early on with your starter characters, before you have too much invested in them.
I usually use my Above cards to cure Spirit. But Sails of the Sea-Kings only causes problems once it hits 20, so don't be afraid to spend them on other things so long as you stay under. (You can check your current value in the More tab, under Story.)
There's no shame in hanging out on the upper levels of the dungeon. The challenges are much easier here, and the penalties for failure are less. It does mean spending more time acquiring the resources you need, but now that action limits have effectively been removed, there isn't much downside to it.
Drop by the Google+ Community to discuss strategy and lore with other players.
There's a bunch of other stuff I could say, but I don't want to spoil the fun of figuring it out. Below is challenging, but rewards you for suffering and for figuring things out. Over time you'll gradually come to know the dungeon well and feel more confident navigating through it, but there's never a moment where it becomes safe: the enemies you face can't be beaten back with swords or dispelled with magic, and you'll need to stay cunning and cautious in order to achieve your goals.
Labels: below, browser game, games


I bought this watch for my daughter birthday, she is in love, a nice watch, and color and perfect size looks elegant and classic for any occasion.
I love the classy look of this watch. The contrast of the shiny rose gold with the matte steel is also really nice. It is nice size, large but too large.
Gorgeous. Great quality and authentic. I took it to a jeweler to get links removed to fit my wrist but only an extra $20. Would order again.


TGIF!! It's Friday! We made it another week! Haha, I feel like that sometimes with my two littles. The week can drag on and it seems like it will never end! Then there are weeks that just fly by! The joy of parenting! Anyway, I'm back today with my Friday Favorites. Last week I took a short hiatus as I had a post I did for the Super Bowl this weekend!
With Valentine's Day around the corner, I thought it would be fun to compile a list of fun projects and crafts for you! You can make them with kids or use them as decor for your home! What are your plans for Valentine's Day this year?
Happy Friday my friends! I hope you have a wonderful weekend! My parents are coming into town so there will be fun to be had! I love watching my girls adore their grandparents! It's so much fun to see the love there on both sides!


Parveen Express Pvt Ltd - Service Provider of cold chain services, customs clearance & express logistics services in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
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We at Parveen Express, to stay on par with the industry standards constantly redefine and upgrade our technologies. We ensure to offer state-of-the-art logistics solutions to our customers.
Trace your consignment's location anywhere in India just at the click of your mouse. We offer one point delivery solutions, multiple-point solutions, Intermediate deliveries, and intercity deliveries. Our service is something that is a blend of latest technology, excellent application strategies, state-of-the-art infrastructure, stunning experience, relevant expertise, and wider network.
WE MAINTAIN OUR CLIENT RETENTION RATE AT 100% AND MORE!
Being a forerunner in the logistics domain, we at ABBE focus on long-term client relationships. We sternly believe that quality service with timely delivery is the most quintessential factor for the success of the logistics business. We re-define our process models constantly to stay on par with evolving industry standards and challenges. We move that extra mile in our services by identifying our customer's unique needs and delivering the right thing at the right time, every time.
Our culture at Parveen express has long been characterized by a strong, robust 'can do' attitude and spirit – an attitude that we count on to solve problems, carry out our daily tasks and respond to our stakeholders. We provide the widest range of time definite and day definite delivery of your goods to various destinations in South India.
With our innovative Express online system, we can collect from various destinations and bring the delivery to you, offering you complete control over your shipments. We also offer our special handling service to meet your specific needs for delicate, high value items or hazardous items. A well-developed wide network and an optimized route planning system enable disciplined delivery.
We have also been implementing technology in our services. Using our online system, customers can now track their shipments and the status of delivery is "On track, on time".
Home packing needs special care as many of the cherished items of the family members are not only expensive but also have zero tolerance to jerks. Our services are meant to pack your household belongings including clothes, linen, mattress, lampshades, Kitchen appliances, Crockery, silverware and utensil, pots and pans, Tupperware, bake ware, glassware, Interior decorative items, paintings, and ceramic items. Electronic items like computers, micro oven, and music system with adequate care. We use air bubble sheets, corrugated boxes, Water proof sheets, Stretch films, thermo coal sheets and strap rolls for utmost safety of your house hold.
Parveen Express Packers, offers a good vary of services that helps in providing best solutions to your relocation desires. Our packers & movers in are reasonably priced and are particularly designed to satisfy the budget of our extremely honored purchasers. Leave your worries to us and allow us to do the work for you.
We serve the corporate relocation needs efficiently whether it is large corporate, local organizations or even domestic is done with utmost care and diligence.
We have developed a personalized approach towards door to door moving and relocation of a variety of goods. Our expert team members and staff extend secure and untroubled packing and moving of your belongings throughout South India. Besides being secure and safe, we are also cost effective and guarantee 100% satisfaction. We are one of the most trusted and reputed names in the packers and movers industry and a most trusted player for major embassies and MNCs when it comes to relocation.
We understand that the major concern of the packers and movers is to provide packing solutions. Our well trained staff are experts in providing packing solutions be it household goods, industrial goods, machineries, art wares, handicrafts, explosives goods, furniture, electronic equipment and several other innumerable fragile products.
Unpacking Services also known as destination services is not only tedious but also time consuming. Once goods are packed and moved to their respective destination, the next crucial job is that of unpacking. Unpacking service should be really prompt and quick and our professional unpacking services provide the required assistance to carefully unpack the goods and also avoid any sort of misplacement of goods.
Our professionals pick up the materials for unpacking where the movers stop. Our well trained professionals unpack boxes and wash the goods if needed and arrange them at the proper place or as directed by the customer.
A key element in our philosophy is to truly understand your business and logistics needs. This way, we can provide you with service solutions that will help grow your business. Our extensive network of dedicated and shared warehousing and distribution operations enable you to fulfill your commitments to your customers. Our strategic warehousing locations combined with best in class design tools, processes and systems ensure cost-efficient distribution solutions.
We provide warehousing services in each of the top 35 distribution cities and gateway ports in the U.S. But we just don't stop with this. Our conventional network work round the clock locating a warehouse where it makes the most intellect for your distribution chain. Our company has developed sophisticated warehousing facilities at various locations of the country that helps us in providing cost effective warehousing services to the customers. We have with us highly skilled warehousing supervisors and workers, who are well versed in all inventory management processes such as book keeping, sanitation, cargo loading and unloading. Our company is also well equipped with heavy duty material handling equipment's like lifting chains, trucks, containers and trolleys that are used for effective storage and shipment of different cargo materials.
Best of all, you won't be locked into thousands of square feet you don't need. By using our non-asset based model, you gain greater space and pricing flexibility. We continuously adopt new improvised technology in our warehousing facilities in view of changing market demands. Our all cargo shipment and storage services are appreciated for the features like cost efficiency, timely compliance and reliability.


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LGBT sex education is a sex education program within a school, university, or community center that addresses prominent sexual health topics among LGBT groups. Within schools, topics on LGBT sexual health are usually integrated into the general sex education courses.

There is some debate about whether LGBT sex education should be included in sex education curricula. Advocates of LGBT sex education say that the inclusion of LGBT issues into sex education programs would reduce homophobic bullying, improve the health of LGBT people, and decrease instances of problems common in LGBT students such as depression and low self-esteem; opponents argue that LGBT sex education programs would force a political point of view on students, misuse tax money, and disrespect religious values. As of 2014, only 5% of middle and high school students in the United States reported receiving "positive discussions of LGBT-related topics" within their health classes.

Background
LGBT sex education is currently not covered in many schools. Research has also posited that students often do not find existing LGBT sex education programs to be effective.  Teachers have differing views on the subject of homosexuality, and these personal opinions can impact LGBT sex education when it is implemented.

Research

Multiple studies have concluded that LGBT sex education is often not encompassed in school sex education courses and that most students do not receive effective instruction in LGBT sex issues. In a study conducted by Ellis and High in the UK (2004), 384 students were surveyed; they found that 24% had not received instruction in LGBT sex issues. The CDC Division of Adolescent and School Health's study revealed that 48% of schools in the US covered LGBT topics. According to research reported by Burston and Hart in 2001, 45% of surveyed students believed that they did not cover LGBT sex education sufficiently in school. Research has also shown that there can be an implicit assumption that all students are heterosexual in sex education classes. The LGBT students in Eleanor Formby's 2011 study of sex education said that they do not always feel welcomed by sex education classes or at school. Sex education courses commonly idealize marriage (not acknowledging that many countries outlaw same-sex marriage) thereby presenting a heterosexual view of sex and relationships as normal. Studies have suggested that sex education programs often do not cover safe sex practices for LGBT individuals.

However, there are some sex education curricula that do cover LGBT issues. For example, the Unitarian Universalist Association of Congregations provides a sex education program called Our Whole Lives, which includes discussion of sexual orientation and presents homosexuality and heterosexuality as equally valid. Our Whole Lives offers programs designed for a range of developmental stages, from Kindergarten-level through adulthood, and follows the "Guidelines for Comprehensive Sexuality Education" that the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS) endorses. The United Church of Christ also supports Our Whole Lives.

Issues with sex education programs

Research has illustrated that some sex education courses present LGBT issues in a negative light—portraying LGBT individuals and LGBT sexuality as something wrong, sick, and abnormal. According to the American Civil Liberties Union, "abstinence-only" approaches to sex education can also be alienating to LGBT students because these programs assume that marriage is a possibility and a desire for all students; however, same-sex marriage is illegal in many countries. Further, promoting marriage as the goal for LGBT students reproduces a homonormative standard, marginalizing those without access to or interest in marriage. Ellis and High's survey research in 2004 (including 384 students) revealed that 59% of young people who did receive LGBT sex education found it to be ineffective.

Teachers

Teachers have been identified as a hindrance to LGBT sex education in some studies. Teachers always have their own opinions about homosexuality, and, according to these studies, if teachers have negative views toward LGBT individuals this can come through in their teaching—causing LGBT students to feel unaccepted and unsafe. According to Ellis and High (2004), when LGBT students receive information about LGBT sexuality with negative undertones they are left feeling significantly worse and more unsafe than if homosexuality were left out of the curriculum. Researchers have documented multiple self-proclaimed "LGBT-friendly" teachers whose classrooms actually foster prejudiced lessons. Such teachers are also highly likely to ignore instances of homophobic bullying directed at LGBT youth within their classes. Burston and Hart (2001) reported that teachers sometimes believe that they should not take a side on the issue of homosexuality, and therefore should not interfere when homophobia occurs in the classroom. According to Formby (2011), even phrasing that subtly casts homosexuality in a negative light can have a detrimental effect on LGBT students' experience of sex education.

There have also been issues around teachers feeling free to teach sex education that equally emphasizes both heterosexual and homosexual health information. Deana Morrow's study (1993) reported that some teachers said they were afraid they might be fired if they discussed LGBT issues. This fear is linked to the historical misconnection of homosexuality to molestation in the United States; this supposedly natural linkage has been debunked multiple times. Regardless, straight and LGBT teachers alike still experience allegations of molestation when they engage in discussions surrounding sexuality, particularly those discussions that are LGBT related. Teachers can also feel hindered because the school environment is inhospitable to homosexuality; in Burston and Hart's 2001 study, some even said that they were under the impression that the school would not allow them to teach LGBT sex education.

Classmates can also be non-receptive toward LGBT issues in current sex education courses, and students are often hesitant to talk about homosexuality, according to Buston and Hart (2001).

At home
Since sex education has been present in health education in schools, many parents expect their children to learn about sex there. Studies show that most families do not engage in conversation about sex in the home, and when they do it is often from a heteronormative perspective. The assumptions of being heterosexual can make LGBT people feel ashamed or lacking support from their family. Lack of conversation and knowledge received in the home for LGBT people can often lead them to receive their information for outside sources that contain false or misleading information. The same study showed that many parents don't have a solid knowledge base on same-sex or LGBT topics, nor do they know of resources to direct their children towards.

Proposed LGBT sex education programs
Advocates for LGBT sex education have suggested adjustments to current sex education practices in schools. One common place for improvement that researchers have identified is the angle from which sex education is approached in general. Buston and Hart (2001), Ellis and High (2004), and others have recommended that teachers frame sex education in terms of relationships rather than merely reproduction, which can lead to the exclusion of LGBT students. Ellis and High mention that sexual orientation might be more appropriately taught as "an aspect of culture and identity" (Ellis and High 2004, pg. 11). Other researchers such as Morrow (1993) believe that in order for sex education to be effective, it must present LGB as just as natural and legitimate as heterosexuality. Advocates for LGBT sex education ask that LGBT sexual health issues be given equal weight in the curriculum accordingly. They also say that more resources concerning LGBT sexual health issues need to be made available to students. According to UCLA's Center for the Study of Women's Policy Brief 11 (2012), LBGT students may not be willing to reach out for guidance themselves.

Researchers have recommended that teachers in sex education programs avoid framing homosexuality as something that is fundamentally connected to sexually transmitted diseases and refrain from practices that are potentially detrimental to LGBT students, such as referring to partners as specifically "him" or "her" (better to use the more flexible "they").  Gowen and Winges-Yanez (2014) suggest through their focus groups on LGBT teens that there are several problems with the way sex education is taught. The teens cited silencing, heterocentricity, and pathologizing of LGBT individuals as common practices. When asked how they would improve sex education, the group said inclusive sex education would include discussion of LGBT issues, learning how to access resources, STI or STD prevention, relationships, and anatomy.  Advocates for LGBT rights also say that teachers need to abandon any reluctance to take a side in the debate about homosexuality.

There are also alternative sexual education programs for LGBT people, such as that of an online sexual education course. According to a study evaluating the effectiveness of an online, interactive sexual education program for LGBT people, all subsections recorded statistically significant improvement of knowledge. Some of the topics included safe sex practices, healthy relationships, pleasure and sexually transmitted infections. This type of program also created an online community for people taking the course to ask questions and interact with each other. This social aspect of the program also created a sense of normalcy and acceptance. Online programs could offer a means of education for those who cannot receive it in school. There are also various online LGBT sites on the internet that offer educational leaflets or information.

Novels including LGBT relationships can be a useful tool in an LGBT inclusive sexual education course or as a way for youth and teens to learn about LGBT relationships and issue in a different type of way. Novels that include LGBT relationships can aid in normalizing queer relationships potentially creating a more accepting and inclusive atmosphere for LGBT youth. It can also supplement information learned by reinforcing it in the form of a story. Many LGBT youth use young adult novels that include LGBT relationships as sources of information, especially if they don't receive sex education in school. Sexually explicit young adult novels can provide details about sexual intercourse, intimacy and sexual identity that LGBT youth can relate to allowing them to explore their own sexual identity.

A study of LGBT youth asked them what their current curriculum is teaching them and what they would want to see in a new curriculum. Some of the responses included a more inclusive curriculum that described different people with different gender identities, sexual orientations and ethnicity, "how-to" information that related to LGBT people relationships, and specific sections related to LGBT risks, problems and behaviors. They also mentioned the use of internet information and resources as a way of creating a community for extended education and support.

Support for LGBT sex education
Proponents of incorporating LGBT sex education into school curricula commonly present several arguments. According to the Huffington Post, some supporters claim that failing to include LGBT issues in sex education programs will overlook a significant number of students who identify as LGBT; the Center for American Progress (CAP) says that this can cause them to feel marginalized and removed from the lesson because it doesn't pertain to them. LGBT sex education advocates also argue that leaving LGBT safe sex instruction out of the curriculum will increase the likelihood of health problems for LGBT students. Supporters say that since LGBT people are particularly at risk for HIV/AIDS, it is especially important to provide them with sexual health information. According to researcher Eleanor Formby (2011), lesbian women are a high-risk group for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), because many do not know that they can be susceptible to STDs or how to engage in safe sex. Therefore, it is important that they receive lesbian sex education. LGBT sex education advocates suggest that because LGBT students aren't taught sex education that pertains to them in school, they feel unprepared for sex, unable to talk about it openly, and have to learn about it by themselves—which can result in negative health outcomes. Sanchez (2012) argues that LGBT students are unlikely to reach out to resources that could give them good information on their own, which furthers the need for LGBT sex education in schools. LGBT youth are also at higher risk of engaging in high-risk behavior such as higher rates of suicide attempts, substance use and high risk sexual behavior. Since many of these high risk actions among LGBT youth have been correlated with depression, emotional distress and victimization experiences from non- LGBT people, LGBT sensitive sex and HIV education in schools could reduce this high-risk behavior by normalizing LGBT people and also providing support services to LGBT youth.

LGBT sex education supporters have also argued that the inclusion of LGBT topics in the curriculum can decrease instances of bullying in schools by familiarizing students with the range of sexual orientations and reducing harmful stereotypes. The Center for American Progress argues that LGBT sex education results in a decrease in homophobic comments. According to the Huffington Post, supporters say that educating young people about LGBT individuals could help them have a more positive attitude toward their gay peers. The Center for American Progress (2013) says that LGBT sex education would therefore reduce common problems LGBT students face as a result of negative attitudes; these include mental health issues like depression, the risk of suicide, drug abuse, self-esteem issues, and poorer academic performance due to stress caused by discrimination. They argue that covering homosexuality in sex education programs helps students feel more secure at school.

Several studies have also shown that heteronormative and negative attitudes toward LGBT people are associated with lower rates of academic success. In schools, heteronormative and non inclusive culture can poorly effect motivation, health, and learning habits in students who identify as LGBT . Andreas Gegenfurtner and Markus Gebhardt have shared findings which suggest that tolerance and acceptance toward sexual minorities were reported to be more positive when people are more highly educated and less religious. Similar findings within their study have shown a positive correlation between academic success among LGBT  students and inclusive school environments.

According to Jen Gilbert, associate professor of education at York University, young LGBT people often do not have queer parents whom they can ask for sexuality-related advice, nor access to LGBT adults. LGBT sex education could potentially fill this gap and provide LGBT students with elders well-versed in their specific needs and equipped with affirming information, that students are otherwise unable to receive at home or in school.

Finally, proponents of LGBT sex education have said that curricula that explore all facets of sexuality would be beneficial to straight students as well, because they claim that it presents a more accurate picture of the world and human sexuality. A study of Gay/Straight Alliances in Utah found that peer-facilitated discussions concerning the spectrum of sexuality and gender identities benefited both straight and LGBT students. It exposed them to the reality of relationships outside of the heteronormative images that dominate media (as well as sex education), and even positively impacted all involved students' academic performance. Proponents also argue that offering LGBT-inclusive sex education can be of major assistance to any questioning students that might be in the class.

According to the Center for American Progress (2013), the majority of parents support including homosexuality in the sex education curriculum; they report that 73% of high school parents think LGBT issues should be taught. The CAP claims that this high percentage of support indicates that LGBT topics should be incorporated.

Support within the United States
Eight states have a sexual health curriculum that affirms LGBT  people. These states are California, Oregon, Nevada, Colorado, Illinois, New Jersey, Hawaii, and Connecticut.

California Healthy Youth Act
In 2016, the California Healthy Youth Act stated that all sexual health education in California districts must be inclusive of LGBT students.  This requires schools to discuss examples of same-sex relationships and teach about different gender identities. School districts must protect LGBT students from harassment and prevent discrimination against them. Parents are not allowed to "opt-out" specifically from the LGBT-related content because this would be considered discrimination.

Opposition to LGBT sex education
Opponents of LGBT sex education argue that it is wrong to teach students about the issue of homosexuality because it is too contentious. They say that parents should have control over what their children are exposed to and taught, and allowing public schools to cover LGBT sex education would undermine this right, forcing a particular political view on students. Furthermore, many opponents of inclusive sex ed programs argue that parents are forced to lose control of what their children learn in school. This belief is especially common in households that are religiously affiliated, or identify politically with views against LGBT rights. According to The Christian Post, some parents do not want their children to study homosexuality. Critics often cite a misuse of citizens' tax dollars, claiming citizens should not have to pay for children to learn about other lifestyles that their parents do not agree with. Parents and guardians within these families commonly argue that lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender activity is immoral, abnormal, and unnatural.

According to Formby (2011), opponents have also argued that LGBT sex education is harmful to students because they say it exposes them to damaging information. They claim that the students should not learn about LGBT issues until they are older. Some opponents of LGBT sex education have argued that including LGBT issues in sex education programs will encourage more young people to practice homosexuality as well.
LGBT sex education has also been accused of being disrespectful to certain families' religious beliefs. The Christian Post argued that if schools elect to teach about LGBT people while neglecting religious topics, the curriculum would be unfairly balanced.

There have also been concerns that LGBT sex education wouldn't be effective because it is difficult for homophobic students to accept homosexuality, which may prevent them from being receptive to the instruction.

Opposition within the United States
There are laws prohibiting the "promotion of sexuality", referred to as "No Promo Homo" laws. Four states (Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Texas) mandate pointedly negative messages regarding all LGBT identities, when sex education is provided. Eight states (the four previously mentioned, Alabama, Arizona, South Carolina, and Utah) prohibit discussion of any topics deemed LGBT-related. According to the Guttmacher Institute's findings in 2017, "If HIV education is taught in Arizona it cannot 'promote' a 'homosexual lifestyle' or portray homosexuality in a positive manner. Mandated HIV education in Oklahoma teaches that among other behaviors that 'homosexual activity' is considered to be 'responsible for contact with the AIDS virus'." Utah, Alabama and Arizona used to have "No Homo Promo" laws but they were since repealed.

Laws and legal battles

Section 28

Section 28 was a controversial law in the United Kingdom that barred schools from presenting homosexuality as a viable sexual orientation or basis for relationships (though the law was never used in court). It was enacted in 1988 and repealed throughout the UK by 2003. Critics of Section 28 say that the law prevented teachers from intervening in instances of homophobic bullying and greatly hindered the development of gay rights in Great Britain. According to Moran (2001), proponents of the law argued that it protected students from being harmed by gay propaganda. Recently, LGBT advocates have raised concerns that policies similar to Section 28 are appearing again in British schools. Wales has sought to challenge the implications of this section by implementing a new education curriculum Relationships and Sexuality Education (RSE) by 2022. The goals of this new curriculum will be to broaden traditional sex education and include information relating to relationships and a greater understanding of sexuality. It will also include LGBT topics such as gender identity and bring up issues of consent and sexual violence. The new curriculum will be required in primary and secondary schools with each containing different curriculum focuses, but it will not be required by religious schools.

Croatian textbook
In 2009, the European Committee of Social Rights found several statements in a Croatian mandatory Biology course textbook, including: "Many individuals are prone to sexual relations with persons of the same sex.... It is believed that parents are to blame because they impede their children's correct sexual development with their irregularities in family relations. Nowadays it has become evident that homosexual relations are the main culprit for increased spreading of sexually transmitted diseases (e.g. AIDS)," and "The disease [AIDS] has spread amongst promiscuous groups of people who often change their sexual partners. Such people are homosexuals because of sexual contacts with numerous partners, drug addicts...and prostitutes." The European Committee of Social Rights deemed these statements discriminatory and in violation of Croatia's obligations under the European Social Charter.

Among minority groups

CDC findings
A 2018 CDC study has maintained that Latino and black youth and young adult men who have sex with men often face stigma, discrimination, and language barriers that hinder their ability to access STD education, prevention, and treatment. As a result, they are vulnerable to high rates of HIV and other health disparities. In 2017, African Americans accounted for 43% of all new HIV diagnoses. Additionally, Hispanic/Latinos are also strongly affected. They accounted for 26% of all new HIV diagnoses. In 2017, gay and bisexual men accounted for 66% of all HIV diagnoses in the United States and 6 dependent areas.

Structural barriers
One case study has demonstrated that homophobia, racism, coupled with financial hardship and social support were associated with higher exposure to HIV among homosexual men of color. In the United States, Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV. Another study demonstrated that in a multivariable analysis, increasing age, low income, and queer identity. Additionally, people Living With HIV, MSM and transgender women are considered the "most in need" due to the stigma that prevents them from accessing high-quality health care, prevention, and sex education. According to Mattew E. Levy of The George Washington University, many systematic factors have led to the disproportionate rates of HIV among Black and Latino Men who have sex with men, including insufficient healthcare, social stigma and discrimination, incarceration, and poverty. Men of color who have sex with men experience inadequate access to culturally competent services, stigma and discrimination that impede access to services, a deficiency of services in correctional institutions, and limited services in areas where they live.

See also
 Adolescent sexuality

 Education and the LGBT community
 LGBT and religion topics
 LGBT rights by country or territory
 LGBT social movements
 List of universities with BDSM clubs
 Queer migration
 Religion and LGBT people
 Sex education in the United States
 Sexual revolution
 Social conservatism

References

Sex education
LGBT culture
Prevention of HIV/AIDS
LGBT and education

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Project Scope:Demolish of the administration building and the maintenance building and associated tunnels.
Work consisted of the complete demolition and disposal of the former administration building and the maintenance building on the Brainerd Regional Human Services Center Campus. In order to complete the demolition, removal of the contents in the building was necessary which included the removal of 2 hydraulic and 2 traction controlled elevators. Other items performed were demolition of the tunnel systems which tied those buildings to the rest of the campus. To complete the project, site restoration, topsoil placement, seeding and turf establishment will take place in the spring of 2013.


text:
Sir John Carew Eccles (27. leden 1903, Melbourne, Austrálie – 5. květen 1997, Locarno, Švýcarsko) byl všestranný australský vědec především na poli neurofyziologie, laureát Nobelovy ceny za lékařství a fyziologii spolu s Andrew F. Huxlyem a Alanem Hodgkinem za rok 1963, nositel čestného doktorátu (Dr.h.c.) Univerzity Karlovy (1969) a Zlaté medaile této univerzity v roce 1993, kdy oslavil 90. životní jubileum. V srpnu roku 1968 otevřeně vystoupil proti sovětské okupaci v Československu.

Život
John C. Eccles se narodil 27. ledna 1903 v Melbourne v Austrálii. Tam také absolvoval studium na lékařské fakultě, kde získal titul doktora medicíny (M.D.). Po studiích odešel v roce 1925 do centra světové vědy britského Oxfordu, kde byl jeho učitelem pozdější nositel Nobelovy ceny (1932) Sir Charles Sherrington. Jeho oxfordskými kolegy byli tehdy například S. Barber, Arthur Balfour nebo J. R. R. Tolkien.

První vědeckou práci zasvětil mozečku a jeho funkci v rámci regulace motoriky. Prvním učitelem v mozečkové fyziologii byl vynikající vědec Deny Brown. Eccles zahájil publikační činnost titulem z roku 1932 The reflex activity of the spinal cord (Reflexní činnost páteřní míchy). V temném období nadcházejícího nebezpečí nacismu dostal v roce 1937 nabídku z Kanematsova ústavu nemocnice v Sydney. Návrat do rodné vlasti ho však zklamal. Zatímco na britské půdě se vedly vášnivé vědecké debaty a práce, v Sydney museli všichni zaměstnanci opustit pracoviště do 17,00 hodin, protože se zamykalo. Díky evropskému antisemitismu však do Austrálie odešla řada vynikajících vědců. Jedním z nich byl i Bernard Katz, pozdější laureát Nobelovy ceny za rok 1975, se kterým vytvořil Eccles pracovní skupinu a velmi intenzivně začali pracovat na nervosvalovém přenosu u koček a žab. Tehdy byli silně kritizováni za kurarizování zvířat acetylcholinesterázou, která navozovala obrnu. Avšak výsledky později významně přispěly k rozvoji chirurgie. Největším objevem z té doby je ploténkový potenciál a možnost jeho farmakologického ovlivnění. Eccles se také podílel na objevu transmiterové funkce acetylcholinu (1942).

V roce 1943 opustil Austrálii a usídlil se v Dunedinu na Novém Zélandu, kde mu nabídli místo na Lékařské fakultě Otažské univerzity. Tam se zaměřil na Renshawovy buňky – interneurony – v míše. V roce 1944 se setkal s géniem kritického racionalizmu Karl R. Popperem a pozval ho na přednášku o filosofii vědy, která vyvolala značnou odezvu ve vědeckém světě a započala cyklus seminářů těchto dvou osobností. Výsledkem byla kniha The Self and Its Brain. Eccles dospěl k poznání, že věda není induktivní, ale deduktivní a že existují dva faktory vědeckého poznání:
 k vývoji hypotézy se používá kreativní představivost
 hypotéza je potom přísně experimentálně testována ve svých nejslabších bodech.

Tehdy spatřila světlo světa Ecclesova kniha Neurophysiological Basis of Mind: Principles of Neurophysiology, ve které se stal jedním z autorů teorie chemického přenosu na synapsích, za což mu byla udělena v roce 1963 Nobelova cena za lékařství a fyziologii.

Mezi léty 1952 až 1966 působil na nově zřízené univerzitě v Canbeře. Zde započal nejlepší vědeckou etapu svého života, navázal pracovní kontakt s Hodgkinem a Huxleym, se kterými dosáhl nejprestižnějšího vědeckého ocenění. Sir John spoluzakládal Australskou akademii věd, kterou oficiálně ustavila královna Alžběta II. v roce 1954. Jednalo se teprve o vůbec historicky druhou společnost založenou britským panovníkem (první byla královská londýnská společnost Royal Society of London, zřízená králem Karlem II. v roce 1660). Sir John Eccles zastával post prezidenta akademie věd v období 1957–1961. V této době zkoumal funkci motoneuronů, fyziologii excitačních a inhibičních synapsí, což odráží kniha The Physiology of Nerve Cells (Fyziologie neuronů). Byl to on, kdo inicioval výjimečné Lundbergovy výzkumy o aktivitě motoneuronů, především o funkci homonymních a heteronymních svalů a jejich agonistů a antagonistů. Dále snímal intracelulární a extracelulární jednotkovou aktivitu, v této souvislosti je hodnocen jako jeden z průkopníků funkce červených a bílých svalů. Definoval pravidlo, že funkce svalu je determinována druhem inervace. Voperoval do bílého svalu kočky nerv z červeného svalu. Sval následně zčervenal a začal mít pomalejší stažlivost, obdobnou červenému svalu.

V roce 1959 začal se svými studenty Krnjevičem, Willisem a Schmidtem studovat presynaptickou inhibici, potenciál gamaaminomáselné kyseliny jako neurotransmiteru a ionofory postsynaptické membrány. Učinil významný biofyzikální závěr, že anionty jsou schopny procházet ionoforami i tehdy, pokud je jejich průměr menší než kritická úroveň jejich otvorů.

Nobelovská přednáška v roce 1963 zněla na téma The Physiology of Synapsis. Od této chvíle se opět Sir Eccles vrátil ke studiu mozečku a dalších částí CNS. Spolu s Perem Andersenem pracoval na rozklíčování původu spinocereberální dráhy. Také studoval hipokampus, konkrétně funkci košíčkových buněk. S kolegy publikoval knihu The Cerebellum as a Neuronal Machine. Eccles v ní publikoval svůj objev, že všechny synapse, které tvoří neurony, nemají vždy stejný přenašeč a tutéž excitační a inhibiční funkci. Tato kniha byla základem pro budoucí důležité a v současnosti rozšířené studium nervových sítí.

V 65 letech odešel Sir John do důchodu z Canberrské univerzity. Jeho publikace váží jedenáct kilogramů, podílelo se na nich 74 vědců z 24 zemí, publikoval 411 vědeckých prací a 4 knihy.
V důchodovém věku odešel na Institute of Biomedical Research do Chicaga, odkud po dvou letech přesídlil na University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, kde byl profesorem fyziologie a biofyziky do roku 1975. Zde pracoval s Robertem Schmidtem v otázce kožních vstupů do Purkyňových buněk mozečku. Prokázali, že kožní vstup do těchto buněk je v mozečku daleko silnější než vstup svalový. Dále spolu s Gary Allenem zjistili, že 8% projekce lidského mozečku je orientováno do protilehlé mozkové kůry.

V roce 1975 se Eccles přestěhoval do Švýcarska, kde se také zaměřil na filosofii vědy. Napsal vyznání Moje vědecká odysea, v němž kritizuje vědecký dogmatizmus.
Kromě Nobelovy ceny mu bylo uděleno 16 čestných doktorátů (Dr.h.c.), publikoval 15 monografií. Na Mezinárodním sjezdu fyziologických věd ve Washingtonu, D.C. v roce 1968 se otevřeně postavil proti sovětské okupaci Československa. Dne 25. srpna vystoupil s rozezleným příspěvkem obracejícím se na účastníky kongresu, aby Mezinárodní fyziologická společnost vyjádřila zásadní kritický postoj a odmítnutí okupace. Jeho návrh deklarace byl však odmítnut díky americkým delegátům, kteří nechtěli urazit 46 přítomných Rusů na kongresu. Neuvědomili se ale, že na konferenci bylo přítomno výjimečně velké množství 49 československých delegátů.

Přínos světové vědě
John Eccles učinil 4 zásadní objevy:
 Objev chemických synapsí s přesným popisem.
 Neurofyziologická podstata míšních reflexů.
 Popis funkcí mozečku.
 Popis dějů v nervové soustavě z kybernetického hlediska.

Dále díky objevu postsynaptické deprese a postsynaptické stimulace podnítil výzkum v oblastech procesů učení a paměti.

Bibliografie
 1932, Reflex Activity of the Spinal Cord.
 1953, The neurophysiological basic of the mind: The principles of neurophysiology, Oxford: Clarendon.
 1957, The Physiology of Nerve Cells.
 1964, The Physiology of Synapses.
 1965, The brain and the unity of conscious experience, London: Cambridge University Press.
 1969, The Inhibitory Pathways of the Central Nervous System.
 1970, Facing reality: Philosophical Adventures by a Brain Scientist, Berlin: Springer.
 1973, The Understanding of the Brain.
 1977, The Self and Its Brain, společně s Karl Popperem, Berlin: Springer.
 1979, The human mystery, Berlin: Springer.
 1980, The Human Psyche.
 1984, The Wonder of Being Human - Our Brain & Our Mind, společně s Danielem Robinsonem, New York, Free Press.
 1985, Mind and Brain: The Many-Faceted Problems, (Editor), New York : Paragon House.
 1989, Evolution Of The Brain : Creation Of The Self.
 1994, How the Self Controls Its Brain.

Literatura
 Vesmír 75, 386, 1997/7, Rokyta, R.: John Carew Eccles.

Externí odkazy

Australští neurovědci
Australští lékaři
Australští nositelé Nobelovy ceny
Nositelé Nobelovy ceny za fyziologii nebo lékařství
Společníci Řádu Austrálie
Členové Královské společnosti
Členové Německé akademie věd Leopoldina
Členové Papežské akademie věd
Držitelé čestných doktorátů Univerzity Karlovy
Držitelé čestných doktorátů
Narození v roce 1903
Narození 27. ledna
Narození v Melbourne
Úmrtí v roce 1997
Úmrtí 2. května
Úmrtí v Locarnu
Muži


Because of its liberal laws on marijuana and industrial hemp, Washington has one of the fastest growing CBD oil markets in America. For those interested in buying CBD oil in the Evergreen State, you'll be happy to know that both CBD cannabis oil and CBD hemp oil are legal there, though under different conditions.
Read on to find out more about Washington's CBD laws.
Is CBD Oil Legal in Washington?
The Washington State House of Representatives introduced House Bill 2334 in December 2017, which would allow marijuana processors and producers to use CBD even if the source is not licensed by the State Liquor or Cannabis Board (LCB). According to the bill, CBD products are legal in the state so long as it's lab tested with a THC level of not more than 0.3%.
So to answer the question, yes, CBD oil is, in fact, legal in the state. However, the state maintains that marijuana and all its derivatives should be grown and sold within the state only. To put it simply, no marijuana comes in and no marijuana goes out.
Every product you will find in local retailers including edibles and oils are grown by state-licensed producers within the state. Anyone caught bringing in marijuana or CBD products from an outside source will have their licenses revoked by the LCB.
What Kind of CBD Oils are Legally Available in Washington?
As mentioned, there are two types of CBD oils: CBD cannabis oil, derived from marijuana, and CBD hemp oil, derived from hemp.
Marijuana, along with its derivatives, was decriminalized in the state in 2012 as per Initiative 502. Now that recreational marijuana is legal in the state as well, there are dispensaries that operate and sell several marijuana products, including CBD products. The regulated system for the production and distribution of marijuana is the same as with the state's liquor regulations.
As for CBD hemp oil, its use has been legalized since 2014, upon the enactment of the Farm Bill. The bill was further strengthened when the state passed Senate Bill 6206, which allowed for the use and possession of hemp products throughout the state.
Buying CBD hemp products in the state is convenient and easy. You will find many stores that sell these products across the state. For first-time buyers, it's important to know how these products can be used and where to get them.
What Can CBD Oil be Used for in Washington State?
According to the state's humanitarian compassion act, the decision to use marijuana by patients diagnosed with a debilitating medical condition or terminal disease is an individual and personal decision that should be based on the discretion and judgment of a healthcare practitioner.
As of writing, the use of CBD and medical marijuana for mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder is still to be considered due to the lack of scientific evidence that will support an improved health outcome. For this reason, mental health conditions have not been added in the list of qualifying medical conditions treatable with CBD.
How Can I Get CBD Oil in Washington?
There are two ways to buy CBD oil in Washington–either through online sources or local stores. If you live somewhere near smoke shops, head shops, or dispensaries, ask if the facility sells CBD products and other marijuana supplies.
If you're not familiar with local shops and dispensaries, you can always buy CBD online where hemp products are most commonly sold.
Can Doctors Prescribe CBD Oil in Washington?
In the US, it is legally inaccurate to use the term "prescription" when it comes to marijuana or any product derived from the plant, including CBD products. Doctors and healthcare professionals can only issue written certifications, which are not all prescriptions. When you say prescription, it only applies to products that are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. These FDA-approved and regulated products can be written on a DEA-numbered prescription pad.
If you want to use CBD to treat a medical condition, you must acquire a written certification from a state-licensed doctor. This will protect a resident from being prosecuted for the possession of marijuana.
Doctors allowed to recommend the use of CBD and marijuana have been registered in the state's physician registry. Furthermore, they are only given a limited set of certifications, which is commonly valid for up to one year.
Yes. CBD products such as oils and concentrates are sold in cannabis clinic dispensaries. However, you can still buy these products in other brick-and-mortar locations across the state. Look for these products in health stores, vape shops, and head shops. That said, you always have the option to buy CBD products online.
Can I Buy CBD Online in WA?
As implied, yes, residents of the Evergreen State are allowed to buy CBD products online. However, only hemp-derived products are a common fixture online, which according to federal law are legal across the US. If you're buying from WA, you should have no problems when it comes to shipment.
Residents of WA are lucky to have such forward-thinking marijuana laws. It is legal to use marijuana for both medical and recreational purposes in the state, which has paved the way for stores and dispensaries to open in the state's larger cities.
Manufacturers of CBD products in the state are expanding high-CBD offerings into other categories such as edibles, topicals, tinctures, capsules, concentrates, and vapor pens.
All in all, the future of CBD in Washington looks bright and secure.


text:
Home > League of Ireland > League of Ireland binary
League of Ireland binary
I was looking at the SSE Airtricity League Premier Division results and table on Saturday night. The word 'binary' came to mind, as in binary numbers, which only use two symbols – 'zero' and 'one'. All five games ended 1-0. What odds would you have got on that before a ball was kicked?!
Finn Harps got off to a great start with a victory at home to Sligo Rovers in the North-West derby. Dundalk began the defence of their title with a 1-0 home win over Derry City. The rest of the games ended in away wins, with Shelbourne making a bold statement of intent on their return to the top flight with a victory in Cork. Elsewhere Waterford went back south happy after the win over St Patrick's Athletic in Richmond Park, and Saturday saw Shamrock Rovers triumph over both Bohemians and Storm Dennis to take the spoils in the season's first Dublin derby at Dalymount Park.
Kevin O'Connor scored the season's first goal, netting just after half time for Waterford in Richmond Park. The Enniscorthy native [and Lotto winner!] has returned to Waterford on loan from parent club Preston North End, having previously gone out on loan from Deepdale to Fleetwood Town, Crewe Alexandra and Cork City.
You can't tell anything after one game. I normally wouldn't even bother looking at the table this early on, but websites will insist on putting it up. Back when I was a boy there were no websites and the papers would wait until three or four games in before putting up the tables.
It's good to have the season up and running, and St Valentine's Day was an apt day for the big kick off, allowing fans to renew their love affairs with their teams. This week sees the First Division get going, after the fixtures and licences were sorted out at the eleventh hour and fifty-ninth minute.
The season's first 'El DARTico' will see Bray Wanderers travel to Cabinteely, while Athlone Town travel to Galway, UCD head south to Wexford, Drogheda make the long trek to Cobh and Shamrock Rovers B head for the Midlands to play Longford in their first game at this level since 2014.
Hopefully there will be no lasting animosity in the First Division towards Shamrock Rovers B [or whatever you want to call them – I've seen the side called 'Shamrock Rovers 2', 'Shamrock Rovers II' and 'Shamrock Rovers Reserves' in various media]. My last word on the Limerick saga is that it is sad to see the city sit this season out but it is better in the interim if the division is a 10-team one and Rovers B are very welcome from my point of view.
I'm expecting the scores in the First Division's opening games to outdo the binary suite of 1-0's and 0-1's the Premier Division offered up. Let's not forget that the First Division gave better goals-per-game value than the Premier last term [2.9 compared to 2.4]!
Last word on all things binary. You may remember that 02 February this year [02022020] was a palindromic date. The previous one to that was way back in 1111, on 11 November of that year [11111111], a date which was binary as well as palindromic!
Brian Quigley
Vinny Faherty signs new deal with Galway United
Eir Sport announce three live televised League of Ireland games


text:
Casey School of Highland Dancing
Sharon Casey
Sharon was introduced to dancing at a very early age following in her sister's footsteps and began competing at the age of four. Sharon loved to dance and would sit and watch the competitors and come home and practice the movements over and over. Highland Dancing has given Sharon many opportunities to compete across Canada and by living in the National Capital was fortunate to dance at the Governor General's Garden Party and is pictured in the National Geographic for the Tulip Festival. Sharon began the Dillon School of Highland Dancing as soon as she was an associate teacher at 16 and ran this school before and after attending the University of Toronto and while going to Algonquin College to specialize in working with people with special needs.
After Sharon married and moved to the Toronto GTA she did not teach dancing until her daughter Laura was ten. She became recertified as a member of B.A.T.D. and began the Casey School of Highland Dancing. The school has run successfully since then providing opportunities for the dancers to compete, perform and acquire dance technique through exams. Highland Dancing is difficult to learn and to develop the endurance needed to be successful thus it teaches skills they will use for the rest of their lives. This has provided us with our motto "Inspiring Lifelong Success" because "Hard work can be Fun". Sharon now holds the top level of teaching passing the Fellow Exam in B.A.T.D.
Laura Casey
Laura has been dancing since the age of four beginning with ballet. She quickly changed to Highland Dancing and was successful in competitions and examinations. Laura began teaching at the Casey School of Highland Dancing and at The Dance Shoppe upon acquiring her Associate Teachers through the B.A.T.D. at the age of 16. Laura ran the Highland Dancing Program at The Dance Shoppe for seven years and continues to teach at the Casey School of Highland Dancing with 8 years experience. Laura is married, has a very young son and continues to teach. Laura has a natural talent to organize and helps run the Dance School. Laura has her Bachelor of Health Sciences degree and Recreation and Leisure Therapist diploma. She is working in a Long Term Care Facility as the Program Manager and Volunteer coordinator.
Erin McCartan has been dancing with the Casey School of Highland Dancing since she was 11 years of age. Erin also competed in Irish dancing for 5 years. Erin successfully competed and performed with the Casey School of Highland Dancing to support our ventures in the Community and achieved her associate teachers with B.A.T.D. when she was 17 years of age. Erin has taught at the Casey School of Highland Dancing for the past 7 years and has completed her Faculty of Education to work in the Elementary School System. She currently works as an elementary school board.
Dance & Steps
Competition Events Schedule
Created by: Leah Fendley


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text:
Mario Merola the classic collection è un album-raccolta del 2005 che contiene 16 brani interpretati da Mario Merola.

Tracce


We're all kids at heart, and let's be honest, there's never a dull moment in this magical land. Disneyland in Paris is a fantastic day had by all; the young and the young at heart. Located on the eastern outskirts of Paris, you'll need to make sure you organise your transport as this can be a very expensive taxi ride! Welcome offers some great alternatives to public transport – check out our Private Round-Trip Transfer to Disneyland! Also make sure to buy your tickets in advance, as the queues can be long and daunting, especially during the holiday seasons!
Enjoy a magical day with your family or friends and a hassle-free round-trip transfer from your Paris accommodation.
Well worth the drive and the visit, Monet's house and gardens are a beautiful destination for the day. The village of Giverny is located in Normandy in Northern France. The wonderful (now museum) home and garden of the famous Claude Monet and also an impressionist art museum and plenty of photo-opportunities are waiting you for a unique experience. Welcome offers an easy Day Trip in Monet's House in Giverny.
The chateau is located in the district of Chantilly, about half an hour north of the city. The castle is built on the water and surrounded by 7800hectares of lush forest. The park and castle were owned by the son of the last king of France and is home to the "Condé Museum" which holds the largest collection of ancient paintings – after the Louvre of course. There's also dressage and acrobatic horse shows, as the area also holds the "Museum of the Horse" or "Musée du Cheval". Worth a trip and you certainly won't run out of things to see!
Located 57km south of the city of Paris, the district and its castle is famous not only for its stunning landscape and architecture but also because it is the only royal estate to have been inhabited consistently for 7 centuries. The surrounding gardens and forest have lots to see and activities to do (which may be surprising). Be sure to get out early so you can have enough time to see it all! Welcome offers a half-day getaway to the Fontainebleau district.
If you're a lover of wine, and especially French wine (some of the best in the world) then you'll want to make the most of this tour in Champagne Region. The region is one of the viticultural areas in France and is divided into five wine-producing areas within the historical province of which some has been named a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Reims and Épernay are the main commercial centres, and you can find some great tasting options and eateries along your trip. While you're there you can make the most of the visit to Troyes, which is home to one of the biggest discount shopping areas in the country, as well as being beautiful architecturally. Welcome also offers an additional tour to the Somme Battlefields for any history buff!


It's like having the 47 Ronin make lattes at Starbucks every morning, but then use sick days and weekends to restore honor to their master.
I would so totally watch that anime! The spirits of the 47 Ronin are resurrected as wraiths and summoned in an alternate universe in a climactic nercromantic battle. A powerful sorcerer banishes the 47 Ronin wraiths, and they end up incarnated in our dimension on Earth, where they have physical bodies they must maintain. One of them lucks out with a job at Starbucks and they all end up as baristas. They then use their sick days and weekends on a quest to restore honor to return to the battle and restore honor to their master.
Perhaps we are ALL heroes now.
We are all in possession of powers even the monarch of England didn't have 500 years ago. Using the amazing ability to potentially send a viral message instantly around the entire world at unimaginable speeds, potentially to 100's of millions of people, would've been a heroic action back then. Now it's just womp-womp. Something even losers do because they have nothing better to do.
Someday, perhaps people will feel sorry for someone who takes a resuable rocket to Mars. Maybe it will be the equivalent to driving to a dock in Nyack.
These comics are very funny but I question what sort of superhero movie these children have been watching since secret identities and day jobs haven't been featured much in the recent flicks.
Meh, that seems like a pretty cool comment on American culture. It harkens all the way back to the Founding Fathers who revered great Roman generals who would save their country and then go back to being a simple farmer. And how Washington originally didn't want to be a politician/king despite being the one in charge of the military.
How greatness and power should be used to help others and then the hero fucks off and lets the the rescued person just live their life instead of lording it over them. Heroes only need to have expensive CGI fights if there is a villain. Spider Man's best days are when he helps a cat out of a tree instead of stopping a bank robbery. When the need for a hero vanishes so does the hero as the hero is mature enough to not outstay their welcome. Half the time heroes team up something bad happens because they were stockpiling weapons or concentrating power and afterwards the heroes limiting their power.
Superman saves a randy from falling to his death, and then goes home to his middle class apartment like a pleeb and pays his parking tickets on time like the rest of us. Now that's a hero.
Our heroes are WAaaaay better than the heroes of old.
Endplanets wrote: Superman saves a randy from falling to his death, and then goes home to his middle class apartment like a pleeb and pays his parking tickets on time like the rest of us. Now that's a hero.
One of the editors of Dr. Dobb's Journal once confessed to this. He was doing a programming contract for city government, but the paperwork was fouled up, and he didn't get his city exemption to park on the street, so he could park on the street. As it so happened he was working on the system that issued the parking tickets, so he just deleted his tickets and coded himself an exemption.
He didn't necessarily pay his parking tickets on time. Is he a real-life superhero with a real life superpower?
Nope. Dude broke the law by illegal altering ticketing system. Extremely mild, but criminal. And morally his actions benefiting himself without hurting or helping society renders it neutral morally. And for sure not heroic.
Superman saves the world but doesn't let it go to his head so when he gets a parking ticket he pays it because he thinks himself equal to the everyday pleeb. And if his parking ticket was unfair due to botched paperwork but had an easy out he would heroically refuse that easy out and fight to change the corrupt system so that the other everyday pleebs don't get screwed over too. You know, on a really slow crime week where he wasn't stopping giant talking gorillas or wasn't busy being dead or something.


text:
The Falcon and The Winter Soldier Recap – Episode Three Review
ReviewsTV
This week's episode of The Falcon and The Winter Soldier proves, without a doubt, that it's entirely possible for bad guys to come good. Whether they can stay good, however, is the real clincher.
On the one hand, we have Baron Zemo, the villain at the centre of Captain America; Civil War. Zemo, whilst his methods were deeply, utterly awful, had some level of motivation: his homeland was wiped out, courtesy of The Avengers. A heroic act radicalised a great many people (including the Maximoff twins, incidentally). In the case of Zemo, there was only one rational outcome: erase the mechanisms that make superpowered people, and in turn, stop places like his homeland being annihilated.
After he achieved his mission, it seems he calmly accepted his fate. He'd done what he set out to do. Sam and Bucky go and meet him in prison, and upon hearing there's super soldier serum out in the open, of course he agrees to help them. He's nothing if not practical, and the greater part of this episode manages to portray him as… hell. Likeable.
He's manipulative, true; he seems to know he'll have to cut Bucky loose in a Winter-Soldier-esque flurry deep in the slums of Madripoor to help aid their ruse. But he also repeatedly does things that are either principled (coming back for Sam, Bucky and Sharon when he could have bolted), or hilarious (quietly shimmying away like nobody is watching at a raucous dance party). He jokes with his elderly butler, perhaps the last vestige of his former status as Baron of a dead country, about giving spoiled food to his guests. He executes the man who smirkingly gloats about having experimented on Isaiah Bradley. In fact, he exhibits many of the traits we seem to like in our heroes.
But can he continue to veer, ever so slightly, towards being a true ally? If Bucky can fight to strike the red from his ledger, why not Zemo?
This episode is also replete with other tiny, gratifying reveals. The notebook which Bucky is using to make amends to his former victims isn't just a nod to the notebook Steve Rogers used to catch up on what he missed: it is that notebook. Karli Morgenthau and her band (my interview with Erin Kellyman, who played Karli, is right here) stole the doses of serum to give themselves an edge, and they appear to be stealing supplies intended for refugees which the GRC aren't actually distributing at all. It seems Fake Cap's global good-guy cabal is actually up to something pretty dark. But then again, Karli seems willing to kill a building full of handcuffed people – is she good? Is she bad? Or, like Zemo, has she been radicalised?
Then, there's Sharon Carter.
"Wow. She's kind of awful now."
Words spoken by Bucky as he lounges in the neon-soaked hideout of Sharon Carter. Great-niece of Peggy Carter, Sharon has gone from bright-eyed, ballsy idealist to gun-toting, scowling cynic. Bucky isn't wrong – Sharon has become a dark, weary shadow of her prior self. But is this all an act?
I talk with Melbourne comedian Sami Shah every week once The Falcon and the Winter Soldier (or Wandavision) wraps up. And Sami posited a fascinating theory: Sharon is undercover. Is she in Madripoor working for Nick Fury? In the comics, Sharon is known as Agent 13, a spy with an incredible ability to deceive and obfuscate. I don't believe Sharon would flip so hard against her deeply held beliefs. Secondly, Sami suggested Sharon is the Power Broker, a theory certainly backed up by the frankly improbable level of personal security and power this formerly unassuming agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. has at her disposal.
The episode wraps up with a goosebump-inducing return to the world of Wakanda, with Bucky following a trail to an alleyway where he encounters Ayo, a Wakandan warrior clearly on the trail of… something. We're halfway through this six-part story, and already there's an array of fascinating characters on the board.
But who is good? Who is bad? And who, in the end, will claim the shield and become the new real Captain America?
Hell… will Steve show up? Will Isaiah Bradly suit up once again? Or will Isaiah give Sam his old suit? The possibilities are, thanks to a smart, fun story and some wonderful performances, endless.
The Falcon and The Winter Soldier is streaming on Disney+.
The Falcon and The Winter Soldier - Episode Three
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Writer of Loose Units for Penguin. Host of ABCs Steam Punks. Host of 28 Plays Later. Unicorn enthusiast. Unicron enthusiast.


Enter the 12 Days of Spyderco Giveaway Contest to Win Knives and Gear!
First-rate firearm maker Wilson Combat has been collaborating with similarly top-end knife makers and blade designers for years now. Their latest offering is a new out-the-front auto design by Allen Elishewitz dubbed the Wilson-Hogue WCX Automatic. Here's their Instagram blurb . . .


A Single Session is for one session, and a Double Session is for two session, back to back. Perfect for date night, or helping a friend through a breakup. Each person receives their own crate full of crockery and other breakables.
Each person will be dressed in safety gear and given a choice of headgear to wear.
Please wear sturdy shoes for your session and a friendly reminder to please not drink alcohol excessively before coming to The Break Room.


text:
Q: segfault giving headache What is the problem with the following code now?
int main(){
union {
        char arr[10];
        int var;
      } u;
int *ptr_var= (int*) &(u.arr[1]);
*ptr_var = 42;
}

A: Note: a correct answer has already been given, this is simply another way to explain the background.
When accessing objects in memory, most machines require that the objects are aligned. This mean that a four-byte (32 bit) object must be placed on an address that is dividable by four. This originates in the fact that the CPU is connected with the memory using a data-bus, in our example the bus is 32 bits. If the CPU would be to support unaligned accesses, it would have to request two accesses to the memory and puzzle them together. Instead, most architectures consider this an illegal operation.
In your case, you start with a union, which is stored at an even four-byte address. Then you step one byte forward and try to access an int at an address that is must definitely not an even multiple of the size.

A: Are you sure this is giving segfault? The title is misleading!!
AFAIK on older architecture this would result in bus error. But as this post explains you don't get to see bus error these days.
This would cause bus-error because the array/int union ensures that character array arr is also at a reasonably aligned address for an integer that &arr[1] is definitely not aligned properly for the integer. And then you try to store sizeof(int) bytes into an address that is aligned only for single-byte access. Arghh!!!

A: This is compiling nice and easy here. No segmentation fault. What is exactly the output of your compiler?
Here you can see:
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    int *ptr_var;
    union
    {
        char arr[10];
        int var;
    } u;

    u.arr[0]='A';
    u.arr[9]='\0';
    ptr_var = (int*) &u.arr[1];

    *ptr_var = 0x2a;

    printf("%s\n", u.arr);
    printf("%d(d)=%x(x)\n",u.var, u.var);
}

And the answer is:
cpp/test/temp$ gcc union.c -o union
cpp/test/temp$ ./union
A*
10817(d)=2a41(x)
cpp/test/temp$ gcc --version
gcc (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5) 4.4.3
Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

It is a fine way to move bits around. Maybe your segfault is in another area of the program. See this test:
*ptr_var = 0x10;
printf("%d(d)=%x(x)\n",u.var, u.var);

ptr_var = (int*) &u.arr[1];
*ptr_var = 0x10;
printf("%d(d)=%x(x)\n",u.var, u.var);

ptr_var = (int*) &u.arr[2];
*ptr_var = 0x10;
printf("%d(d)=%x(x)\n",u.var, u.var);

And you get:
16(d)=10(x)
4112(d)=1010(x)
1052688(d)=101010(x)

Take care,
Beco.

A: This is architecture dependent. I would guess the standard may again say the behavior is "undefined". I am getting different results when running it on different platforms:
1> Linux on X86: runs fine without a problem
2> Solaris on sparc: "Bus error (core dumped)".

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Fresh off the news that the New York Attorney General is investigating private equity firms for the propriety of so-called management fee waivers, the financial industry received a rare dose of good news this week from the New York City Department of Finance. According to reports, the City has apparently tabled its plans—which had been widely reported earlier this year—to aggressively pursue hedge funds using a new expense-attribution strategy. Typically, hedge funds are structured with a management company (usually some type of partnership) that receives management fees based on the value of the fund's assets for managing the fund's investments and operations. Those management fees, to the extent they are not offset by deductible expenses, are subject to the New York City unincorporated business tax (UBT). A separate partnership, where the general partner(s) receives carried interest or incentive allocation fees based on the fund's performance, would not be subject to the UBT since it represents trading for its own account. The city's proposed audit initiative would have shifted some of the management company's deductible expenses to the partnership receiving the carried interest/incentive allocation fees, thus disallowing those expenses for the management company. The city's theory, arguably, was that the management company is responsible for some of the carried interest income earned by the separate partnership, so shifting management company expenses to the separate partnership would better reflect this relationship between the two entities. This, of course, would result in more income in the management company.
While the pending change in audit focus—and its implications for hedge fund management company income taxable under the UBT—has subsided, questions remain about the future audit strategies applicable to hedge funds and the federal tax treatment of carried interest. We expect these issues to stay in the forefront for now.