text:
An Excerpt from Faith and Act
Sarah Steiner
Faith and Act: The Survival of Medieval Ceremonies in the Lutheran Reformation presents Ernst Walter Zeeden's classic study of how medieval church practices continued and developed within Lutheran church orders. Zeeden offers readers a unique perspective of how faith influences the act of worship. Historians of liturgy and theology will discover insights and important continuity between the Lutheran churches of the sixteenth century and their forebears of the late medieval period.
The following excerpt from Faith and Act discusses the objects and vestments of the Lutheran service, as well as the liturgical language and the actions of worship.
II. Concerning the Appearance and Implementation of the Service
As for the appearance and implementation of the service, Lutheranism in central and northern Germany retained the liturgical colors, vestments, and vessels of the ancient church. Further, the evangelical Mass took over a good part of the wealth of the Catholic liturgy's actions; it also took over the chanting of the priest and people, and principally also the Latin language, even if not to the extent of its use in the pre-Reformation Church. Alongside the liturgical actions, the church furnishings and fixtures were also retained to a certain degree, from the baptismal font and pictures to the banners and procession poles.
A. Liturgical Vestments and Objects for the Service
Lutherans continued to use the five ancient liturgical colors as well as the liturgical vestments in the service and for sacramental acts; this usage lasted amazingly long, partly up to the brink of the nineteenth century. Insofar as Calvinism hadn't discredited these earlier, they mostly disappeared first under the influence of the Enlightenment in the late eighteenth century. Apparently the Interim also contributed to usage of the chasuble and surplice becoming more firmly established. But also independently from this, liturgical vestments enjoyed the greatest favor in Lutheranism of northern. How greatly Lutheranism changed back to the conservative line on this point can be inferred quite nicely from Walter Delius' reports on the 1555 visitation in the archiepiscopal-Magdeburg subdistrict (Amt) of Querfurt: The visitation showed that only three parishes still had chasubles in use; after that, all churches in the county were required to use them again; the parsons whose chasubles had disappeared had to go to Querfurt Castle and there be given new vestments. As far as lifespan goes, the ecclesiastical vestments remained in Weissenfels until 1588 and in Silesia until 1811. In Hamburg the celebrants wore an ornate chasuble during the Lord's Supper until 1785; in Lusatia the choir boys wore surplices until 1850 (they wore these while holding the houseling cloths during Communion). Chasubles, which were regarded as a worthy ornament and therefore gladly retained, were also occasionally reinstated even in the later evangelical period. Thus they were used in 1740 in Silesia for consecrating new congregations; in 1659 they were reintroduced into Mecklenburg, in order thereby to serve a counterblow to the "libertinism and negligence of divine worship (libertinismo und negligentia cultus divini), which unfortunately are growing ever more prevalent from day to day." The chasuble was, like the ceremonies, regarded as a symbol of the difference between Calvinism and as a criterion for pure Lutheranism, just as conversely, wherever Calvinism gained access, it immediately insisted on abolishing the surplice and chasuble. In the realm of the Saxon territories, the celebrant removed the chasuble over his head before the sermon, laid it on the altar, preached in his alb, and afterward put on the chasuble again. The same happened in Schleswig-Holstein; it was similar also in the Halberstadt territory. In Nürnberg, where, as elsewhere in southern Germany, not the chasuble, but only the surplice was retained, the celebrant took off the surplice before the sermon with the help of the sexton and put it on with him after the sermon to continue the service.
Of the objects for the service with which pre-Reformation churches tended to be furnished, they kept altars, candles, pictures, and sculptures; likewise baptismal fonts and basins, bells, procession poles and banners, as well as little bells, which were rung during the service as a signal, for example during the elevation. Even the otherwise severely frowned upon monstrance remained in some churches, indeed even remarkably long in Stendal's Jacobi church. Censers remained more widely spread. In fact, some places used incense more out of health concerns, for example to improve the air or to guard against the plague; sometimes even to warm the church a little during the cold season. At the same time, swinging the censer for liturgical purposes also remained in practice, for example in the Magdeburg cathedral before celebrating the Lord's Supper, or in the Duchy of Weimar during Christmas Matins.
B. Latin as a Church Language
As for other things concerning the conduct of the service, Latin, the priest's and choir's chant for particular portions of the service, and an abundance of liturgical actions, particularly of the clergyman, but also of the people, remained on principle from the ancient church. Chanting of the Epistle and collects were, to be sure, sometimes also dispensed with, although it was normally provided for. Whoever has a rusty voice, so it says in the 1591 church order from Goldstein in Upper Silesia, should leave out the singing and rather read the collects etc. slowly and clearly. Aside from custom, various other reasons, practical as well as pedagogical, spoke in favor of retaining Latin in the service. No one took offense at Latin on principle, because it was regarded as an adiaphoron. Further, it was regarded as beneficial from didactic viewpoints; Luther himself and Bugenhagen vigorously stressed this—the latter, for example, in the 1528 church order for the city Braunschweig.[1] In Prussia, Latin was additionally viewed as apt on account of the many "non-Germans" there. Practical considerations also spoke in favor of remaining with Latin in matters of choral chant: Since at first the ancient church tones and melodies were adhered to, German translations of psalms, sequences, etc. would have to fit the given notes and their rhythm. Such a setting of German texts to ancient melodies did not, however, always prove to be feasible. Thus the ancient church language understandably held out the longest in the kinds of services having the most choral chant, Matins and Vespers.[2] Latin hymns from the Middle Ages found entry into evangelical hymnals even into the eighteenth century. In other respects, the continued use of older service forms in Lutheranism can be traced not only to uncritical retention of what was customary; precisely some of the leaders of the Reformation fostered a conscious bond with tradition. In 1529 Melanchthon urged upon the parson in Coburg to change as little as possible in the service and to preserve the bond with the past; he therefore also implored him to retain some Latin components even in the village service. In an advisory opinion on worship reform the Saxon theologians gathered in Leipzig in 1544 expressed their desire to have Latin not totally disappear since the Old and New Testaments are written in Latin (!)—which in other words could only mean that when they read Holy Scripture, they reached for the Vulgate. Just how much people were attached to the ancient church language, and just how much they regarded it as belonging to the service, is clear from numerous statements in the church orders. The Pomeranian church order of 1569 spoke of "old Christian, magnificent chants, especially sequences and responsories."[3] The Hamburg Articles of 1535, adopted by clergy from numerous cities of the Hanseatic League at their convention in Hamburg as a kind of synodical treaty, not only decisively opposed the otherwise prevailing disdain for Latin by the mob, but also precisely represented the view that "it is necessary to use Latin in the church." And although the same articles conceded with respect to the people ("ne suo exercitio careat populus" [that the people may not be without exercise]) that it was allowable at times to insert German hymns in the service, that was conceived of more in the sense of a concession. The authors of the articles regarded translation into German of all sung texts of the liturgy as downright dangerous: For if German were sung exclusively, then religion would unavoidably suffer damage, and finally all dignity of the service would go to ruin. As an addendum concerning the tenacious lifespan of the ancient church language in Lutheranism of northern Germany, it is noted that the high feast antiphons were sung in Latin in Hamburg until 1767, and that some town council decrees from November and December of 1790 first led to the gradual abrogation of Latin from the service in Lübeck.
C. Liturgical Actions
As it stood with Latin, so also with an abundance of ulterior rites, actions, and customs: They were taken over from the pre-Reformation period and lived on in the Lutheran Church, altered more or less. Insofar as they did not contain anything decisively unevangelical, no offense was taken at them. Concerning what was and was not evangelically tolerable, however, opinions diverged and views differed from one another. Thus the selection and mixture of that which was preserved from the realm of actions, rites, and vessels differed according to region and territory, or at least differed in part.
Concerning the actions (kneeling, standing, making the sign of the cross, etc.), Luther had judged that, as mere acts, they are worthless; as the expression of a sincere inner mindset of worship and adoration of God, however, they are useful and promote devotion. The Lutheran church orders accentuated the latter and took over a range of actions; to put it more accurately, on this point they left much as it had been. That was true especially for the worship acts of the clergy at the altar, but to a certain extent also for the people's conduct in the church. From the Upper Palatinate, which crossed over to the Reformation early and steadfastly defended itself against the design of the Heidelberg electors to force Calvinism upon it, there are visitation reports from the outgoing sixteenth and early seventeenth century such as this: A parson got agitated about an old man taking a seat during the Gospel reading (1574); or because some people still reverently bowed before the only crucifix that had been left in the church of Auerbach.
The liturgical and extra-liturgical use of the sign of the cross appears to have been judged and handled quite differently. A Brandenburg advisory opinion from 1598, on whose composition the later General Superintendent Pelargus admittedly partook and soon thereafter turned Calvinist, took unusually severe offense at the Berlin cathedral clergymen's custom—supposedly not common otherwise—of making a cross over the bread or host, "as if by virtue and power of the form of the cross (virtute et vi crucis formatae) the presence of Christ's body would be effected," and recommended abrogating this action.[4] In contrast, the sign of the cross over bread and wine made an especially strong appearance precisely in the seventeenth century, according to the sources referred to by Graff, and was widespread at the distribution of the Sacrament. The 1598 advisory opinion of Berlin theologians recommended "that the cross be made according to the ancient custom of the Church only once, when the benediction is spoken,"[5] and appealed to the "manner of other churches" for this. The Lutheran Amberg catechism from 1595, on the contrary, recommended making the sign of the cross also for private piety: "Mornings, when you get out of bed, . . . Evenings, when you go to bed, you should bless yourself with the holy cross."[6] In Neumarkt the congregation was still "blessed with the sign of the cross" in 1596.
Many church orders expressly prescribed kneeling at the consecration, such as Prussia 1568, Schleswig-Holstein 1637, Hohenlohe 1700, and Mecklenburg 1708. The Gotha order of 1645 added to this that even the dignitaries had to kneel (though in their stalls), and likewise the men. In Isny the pastor kneeled at the consecration. It was still widely customary in the seventeenth century to genuflect or exercise other "reverentia" when the name of Jesus was spoken. Johann Valentin Andreae increased the actions in his utopia of the model Christian state, in the respublica Christianopolitana of 1619: The congregation there was to kneel, raise their hands, or beat their chest at the times appointed during the service. Conversely the Reformed clergy and authorities, who did not much care for those kinds of things, took severe steps against them. In 1596 the county-court judge of Auerbach (Upper Palatinate) received instruction from his Calvinistic government to question women seen there kneeling before a cross. And since in 1615 a Reformed parson in Holnstein in the Upper Palatinate ranted about genuflecting and removing one's hat (before the crucifix) being "nothing but the devil's work," we can conclude that Lutheranism had survived well there. Only since the seventeenth century did the Lutheran authorities increasingly weaken on this point. In 1655 the Leipzig Theology department recommended slowly putting an end to congregation members as well as midwives with baptismal candidates kneeling before the altar, likewise to people genuflecting whenever a clergyman walked by.[7]
Concerning the continuation of actions and use of liturgical vestments, ceremonies, and furnishings, it can still be mentioned that in 1736, King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia, who was affiliated with Pietism, religiously zealous, and interested in the church, perhaps in executing the recommendations of his grandfather the Great Elector, prohibited the following as "Puppenwerk" (as child's play or frivolous): candles on the altar, chasubles and surplices, the chanting of the clergyman at the altar and his facing the altar (instead of the people) as well as making the sign of the cross; he also forbade a cross to be carried in front of a funeral procession. It remained for the enlightened King Friedrich the Great, of all people, to lift this ban and thereby make room again for the ancient church ceremonies in the Lutheran Church in the kingdom of Prussia.
[1] They were interested in teaching not only liturgical Latin, but also classical Latin, and in preparing schoolboys well for service in the church as well as in society. Retention of Latin was important not only for worship and theological study, but also as a means for enriching the German nation and because of its role as a world language. The 1533 Wittenberg church order even says that schoolboys should not sing in German in services unless the people sing along (Sehling 1:703) and describes the Latin boy's school, in which the teachers were to strive to have the boys speak in Latin (706f.). See also, for example, "To the Councilmen of All Cities in Germany That They Establish and Maintain Christian Schools," (LW 45:356–360), "Instructions for the Visitors of Parish Pastors in Electoral Saxony," written by Melanchthon, but also containing Luther's thoughts (LW 40:307, 314–320, which also has a description of the Latin boy's school), and "The German Mass and Order of Service" (LW 53:62f., 69). – KGW
[2] Here one should also take into account that the schoolboys were to sing in Latin when the people were not present. The fact that weekday Matins and Vespers were primarily attended by schoolboys contributed to the continued use of Latin in those services. – KGW
[3] Sehling 4:470.
[4] Nikolaus Müller, "Zur Geschichte des Gottesdienstes der Domkirche zu Berlin in den Jahren 1540–1598." Jahrbuch für branden-burgische Kirchengeschichte 2/3 (1906): 529; cf. also 455: Making the sign of the cross at the consecration of the blood was also practiced in the Mark, although it was not provided for in the church orders!
[5] Müller, 529.
[6] Karl Ramge, Das gottesdienstliche und kulturell-sittliche Leben des alten lutherischen Amberg 1538–1626/28. (Neuendettelsau: Freimund-Verlag, 1938), 93. [This was already in Martin Luther's Small Catechism (1529), in the section "How the head of the family should teach his household to bless themselves in the morning and evening."]; cf. also the 1570 Kurland church order: "In the houses therefore . . . morning and evening prayer should be held for everyone, especially the little children—and that without scorn for the sign of the holy cross—which without any superstition are signs of our faith and confession (signa fidei et confessionis nostrae), the Christian's banner and ensign. And on account of this, the sign of the holy cross at the Lord's Supper is called the shield of faith, the impenetrable wall of believers (scutum fidei, inexpugnabilis murus credentium) in the Lives of the Fathers (vitae patrum)." Sehling 5:91.
[7] The department thought there was a certain danger in this of turning to the false faith in the Catholic way. From the standpoint of folklore, there is also an interesting note here regarding the rites for men removing their hat. On principle they kept it on in the church and took it off only briefly when entering (for a silent prayer). The next time the hat was removed was at the collect; it was put on again for the pericopes, and was removed only briefly when the names Jesus, Immanuel, Alpha and Omega, and the like were read. The 1614 Ratzeburg church order prescribed that when the catechism was read (by the sacristan), the men should stand, and should also remove their hat at the words on which the sermon was to be preached.
Some footnotes have been amended or omitted.
From Faith and Act: The Survival of Medieval Ceremonies in the Lutheran Reformation, pages 36–39. © 2012 Concordia Publishing House. All rights reserved.
To order Faith and Act, please contact CPH at 800-325-3040 or visit www.cph.org.
At CPH since 2009, Sarah Steiner was a production editor for the professional and academic book team. She worked on many academic titles, including coordinating the peer review books, and also helped out with Bible resource projects.


text:
using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;

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	public static int nPlayers = 0;
	public static NetworkPlayer[] players = new NetworkPlayer[8];
	public static int myId = -1;
	public static string serverAddress;
	//public const int NUM_PLAYERS = 2;
	private int tick = 0;
	private int resyncInterval = 100;

	[RPC]
	public void SyncPlayers(NetworkPlayer p1, NetworkPlayer p2, NetworkPlayer p3, NetworkPlayer p4, int nPlayers) {
		players[0] = p1;
		players[1] = p2;
		players[2] = p3;
		players[3] = p4;
		Networking.nPlayers = nPlayers;
	}

	[RPC]
	public void MakeLoad() {
		if (Application.loadedLevel != 2) {
			Application.LoadLevel("Main");
		}
	}

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	void Start () {

	}

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		if (!GameMode.gameStarted && players[0] == Network.player) {
			tick = (tick + 1) % resyncInterval;
			if (tick == 0) {
				networkView.RPC ("SyncPlayers", RPCMode.Others, players[0], players[1], players[2], players[3], nPlayers);
			}

		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
BY Dan Fox in Reviews , UK Reviews | 01 OCT 19
Mark Leckey at Tate Britain Review: O' Magic Power of Bleakness
Is this a show about the artist's youth or is it about something bigger – landscape?
Mark Leckey is a landscape artist. People will try and tell you that his work is about nostalgia and technology, class and popular culture. Or that it concerns itself with taking old-fashioned words from the sculpture studio – 'materiality', say, or 'objecthood' – and retooling them for the age of digital reproduction. But these are euphemisms for the environmental conditions and airborne pollutants that have altered his brain chemistry. Leckey's work expresses a profound sense of place and the experiences that bodies mop up and can't shake off, no matter how far they move away, physically, culturally or temporally. In Leckey's landscape symbolism, the sun, moon, stars and sea simply have other names; Fiorucci, 7 Windmill Street, Jacob Epstein, the M53 bridge at Eastham Rake.
A life-size section of that bridge cuts through Tate Britain for his new exhibition, 'O' Magic Power of Bleakness'. This flyover represents the artist's journey from childhood in Birkenhead to adulthood in London, a class migrant travelling from the suburbs of the northwest to the capital's museums. It functions like a giant stone tape, playing a 55-minute cycle of video works: Under Under In (2019), Dream English Kid 1964–1999 AD (2015) and Fiorucci Made Me Hardcore (1999). A Bildungsroman trilogy that runs autobiographical events in Leckey's life in tandem with bigger shifts in postwar history. Amongst other things: the moon landing, the bomb, the welfare state, pop culture. Or, amongst other things: the sun, moon, stars and sea.
Mark Leckey, Fiorucci Made Me Hardcore, 1999, video still. Courtesy: the artist and Cabinet, London
Under Under In evokes an episode from Leckey's childhood in which he believes he had a supernatural encounter with a sprite underneath the bridge. Mobile phone and CCTV footage of teenagers goofing around plays on five portrait-shaped LED screens. What starts out as adolescent mischief grows stranger, as an unseen presence menaces the teens, forcing them into bodily contortions that imitate the bridge's arc. The group also materializes at the top of an abutment ramp, nestled in an alcove beneath the roadway. They look spectral, drained of colour. A trail of birdshit dribbles from their perch, flecked with glitter, or perhaps fairy dust. The kids' voices bounce off bridge pillars and spill from service vents, escalating from knockabout teasing to panic. There's a stiltedness to the delivery of their dialogue, a little like a 1970s ghost movie made by the Children's Film Foundation. Rather than being a distraction, it gives the work a period quality. Lighting under the bridge flickers from municipal orange into horror-movie purple into a blade of unearthly white light slicing the gallery in two. The video insinuates that their paranormal encounter might be the effects of huffing lighter fluid, or fumes from passing cars. Whether chemical or magical, Leckey wants us to feel as if we are passing through the looking glass to another dimension hidden inside the bridge. Towards the end of the piece, the LED screens strip images of the bridge back to a wireframe representation of itself. Finally, the camera descends into a catacomb or barrow, before darkness engulfs the room.
The bridge structure now feels charged. Its concrete piles look like ancient megaliths. Dream English Kid… is projected along one wall. It maps Leckey's cultural DNA through sound collage and found footage. The film pins personal specifics – an erotic awakening, a Joy Division gig in Liverpool, a grim squat in London – onto collective memories of NASA missions, The Beatles, ads for Frosties and Cinzano, the fear of nuclear armaggedon, the Y2K bug. The M53 bridge appears throughout, marking time. First, bathed in optimistic dawn light – new infrastructure for a country on the up in the 1960s. With the 1970s, it gathers graffiti and dirt, before finally being left as a ruin in a version of the 1980s that ends with a nuclear bomb.
Mark Leckey, 'O' Magic Power of Bleakness', 2019, installation view, Tate Britain, London. Photograph: Mark Blower
Closing the cycle is Fiorucci Made Me Hardcore, Leckey's now cult video tracking British dance culture from 1970s Northern Soul to rave. With floor-spinners at the Wigan Casino, gangs of casuals in city shopping precincts and the ecstatic congregants at acid house parties, Fiorucci… pays recognition to the subcultures that gave generations of British working class youth a collectivity, expression and respite from the grind. Now the perspective pulls outwards again, as if Leckey is taking us up in a weather balloon, climbing from the parochial detail of childhood in Under Under In, through to his self-awakening in the bigger world in Dream English Kid…, and towards the cruising altitude from which we might see bigger historical contours.
All youth culture must grow old. Leckey presents pop as ancient folklore. We hear sounds that are now 30, 40, 50 years old. We're as far away from them in time as punk or acid house were from music hall and skiffle. These are ghost stories ripe for the re-telling. When Joy Division singer Ian Curtis appears in Dream English Kid, he is only a pixellated blur, a mush of bootleg concert sound, obscured at points by Leckey's own silhouette. Curtis as a feeling to be owned, rather than a list of facts for middle-aged men to bore you with at parties.
Leckey's landscapes are made of tiny details and big emotional sweeps. In Dream English Kid…, you might catch an echo of Judy Collins singing 'Both Sides Now' (1967) or spot the number 23 graffitied on the bridge, a number that had occult significance for the 1980s British underground. Maybe you'll recognize a clip from the TV show Threads (1984) or run the lyrics to 'Kid' (1979) by the Pretenders in your head as the record label spins before you. ('Kid what changed your mood / You've gone all sad so I feel sad too / I think I know some things we never outgrow…') You might see a cameraman dodge out of shot in Fiorucci…, reminding you that this is a third-hand memory. But if you forget about making an inventory of Leckey's references, you might experience the mysterious attraction that this material held for him in the first place. It's a different form of knowledge to one made of provenances, catalogue numbers and the right curatorial tastes of the day. Naming an experience can place it in history, but can kill its magic.
Walk through the Tate collection on the way to this exhibition, and you will pass Richard Dadd's hallucinatory painting The Fairy Feller's Master Stroke (1855–64) and Edward Burra's The Snack Bar (1930). You'll see Stanley Spencer's The Resurrection, Cookham (1924–7) opposite Jacob Epstein's Torso in Metal from 'The Rock Drill' (1913–15) and The Deluge by Winifred Knights (1920). In Spencer's resurrected Cookham villagers, I see the dancers in Fiorucci…, some who must now be dead, preserved forever in ecstatic celebration. Dadd's fairy painting holds a séance with the supernatural Under Under In. In The Deluge, people flee the scene of a catastrophic event as terrifying as the nuclear disaster feared in Dream English Kid… (They even seem to be running up an escarpment similar to the one beneath the bridge.) Burra's snack bar patrons make me think of the fashions in Leckey's films, worn by people with faces that we no longer see on the streets; preoccupied by anxieties different to ours perhaps, but with desires that remain unchanged. Epstein's cyborg torso is Leckey's body, transformed by the electronic pulses of dance music and the promise of life as an artist. In a Berkshire village, a London cafe, underneath a motorway near Birkenhead and in a Wigan nightclub, are people and landscapes transformed and damaged by technology, divided by class and education, but still managing to find moments of collective joy on this troubled island.
'O' Magic Power of Bleakness' runs at Tate Britain until 5 January 2020.
Main image: Mark Leckey, Dream English Kid 1964 – 1999 AD, 2015, production still. Courtesy: the artist; photograh: Mark Blower
Dan Fox is a writer and a recipient of the 2021 Andy Warhol Foundation Arts Writers Grant. He lives in New York, USA.
Mark Leckey
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Sergio Hernán Pérez de Arce Arriagada SSCC (ur. 26 sierpnia 1963 w Quillota) – chilijski duchowny rzymskokatolicki, od 2020 biskup Chillán.

Życiorys
Urodził się 26 sierpnia 1963 w Quillota w Chile.

2 marca 1985 złożył śluby w zakonie Sercan białych, 15 grudnia 1990 otrzymał święcenia kapłańskie. Przez wiele lat pracował w zakonnych kolegiach. W 2005 wybrany przełożonym chilijskiej prowincji zakonnej, a po złożeniu tego urzędu został skierowany w charakterze rektora do kościoła Serca Jezusowego w Valparaiso.

21 września 2018 został mianowany administratorem apostolskim sede vacante Chillán. 5 lutego 2020 został mianowany biskupem i pełnoprawnym ordynariuszem diecezji. Święceń biskupich udzielił mu 11 lipca 2020 abp Alberto Ortega Martín.

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne

Urodzeni w 1963
Chilijscy biskupi katoliccy
Sercanie biali (biografie)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A high school principal who fought cancer with the generosity of her students is now helping one of the teens through a similar fight.
Two days after 18-year-old Aurora Brown learned she had kidney cancer this fall, she reached out to former principal, Courtney Vashaw, who was diagnosed last spring with a rare and aggressive form of soft tissue cancer. Brown and other seniors at Profile Junior-Senior High School in Bethlehem received national attention when they donated $8,000 they raised for a class trip to Vashaw.
Vashaw, who was declared cancer-free last week, helped Brown work through the logistics of her treatment and encouraged Brown's former classmates to raise money for her. They and others came through with more than $4,000 to help Brown with medical expenses and college tuition.


What Are 3 Functions of the Umbilical Cord?
The cardiovascular system—also known as the circulatory system—is one of the most vital systems in your body. Despite this, most people's knowledge stops somewhere around "the heart pumps blood to the rest of the body." In fact, the cardiovascular system transports not only blood, but also oxygen, hormones, blood sugar, vitamins, minerals, waste and nearly everything else that is produced in one part of the body and travels elsewhere.
The heart is composed mostly of muscle and nervous tissue and is divided into four chambers. The top two chambers are the atria; the bottom two are the ventricles. The left half of the heart supplies the body with oxygenated blood, and the right half helps exchange the carbon dioxide your body generates for additional oxygen. The cardiovascular system uses a series of veins and arteries to carry blood to and from the heart. Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, while veins are blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart.
The left atrium receives newly oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary vein. The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood back from the rest of the body via the superior and inferior venae cavae. Your heart then expels the contents of the left and right atria into the left and right ventricles, respectively. The left ventricle sends blood to the entire body via the aorta, while the right ventricle sends blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. The left ventricle is the largest of the heart's four chambers and the aorta is the largest blood vessel in the body.
When blood exits the left ventricle, there are many branches that divide off from the aorta to supply blood throughout the body. Coronary arteries supply the outer muscle tissue of the heart with blood. As the aorta continues, the carotid arteries carry blood toward the brain and the abdominal artery carries blood toward the lower part of the body. In this area, an axillary artery branches off to each side to supply the chest with blood and a subclavian artery branches off to each side to supply each arm.
From the abdominal artery, the hepatic and splenic arteries split off, supplying the liver and spleen respectively. Farther down, two renal arteries branch off to supply each kidney with blood, and the abdominal artery forks into two femoral arteries that supply each leg.
All the veins in the body, with the exception of the pulmonary veins, eventually empty into either the superior or inferior venae cavae. The superior receives blood from the upper parts of the body and the inferior from the lower. Most of the names of the smaller veins mirror the names of their respective artery. For example, there are hepatic, renal, femoral and subclavian veins that return the blood from the same area as the arteries of the same name. The most notable exceptions to this nomenclature are the jugular veins, which run down the neck and return the blood supply from the brain to the heart. The blood pours into the venae cavae, which are emptied into the right atrium of the heart on the way back to the lungs, and the entire cycle repeats itself.
The cardiovascular system also exchanges hormones, nutrients and waste with the individual cells of your body, a process that would be impossible if all your blood vessels were large. Each artery forks off into many arterioles, and those arterioles in turn become capillaries. A capillary is the branch between the arteries and the veins and it is at the capillary level that actual exchanges occur between the blood and the cells. Oxygen and other nutrients travel through the capillary into the cell, while carbon dioxide and other wastes leave the cell and dissolve in the blood. Each capillary then turns into a venule, which is equivalent to an arteriole. Many venules empty into larger veins on the way back to the heart.
What Three Things Help Push Blood Through Veins?
Williams, Matthew. "Structure of the Cardiovascular System." Sciencing, https://sciencing.com/structure-cardiovascular-system-5335651.html. 24 April 2017.
What Are the Functions of the Left & Right Atria?


text:
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Khloe Kardashian And Basketball Player James Harden Break Up
02/09/2016 09:15 am ET Updated Jan 13, 2017
The two began dating in July.
By Carly Ledbetter
Khloe Kardashian and her boyfriend, NBA player James Harden, have split, a representative for Kardashian confirmed to The Huffington Post.
Though the two made it through Lamar Odom's hospitalization together, a source told Us Weekly that Kardashian reportedly dumped Harden weeks ago.
Kardashian and the 26-year-old Houston Rockets shooting guard were rumored to be dating after meeting at Kanye West's birthday party. The two were spotted together in June 2015 and pictures surfaced of the couple over the July Fourth weekend in Las Vegas.
The 31-year-old reality star and Harden made their relationship social media official about seven months ago in July after Kardashian posted a photo of the two at a spin class together.
Post class pic with the newest members of the E! family. Welcome to family guys! Thanks for kicking my ass tonight!!! Catch @HollywoodCycle Tuesday nights at 10pm! @ahines83 @spingalnichelle @jharden13
A photo posted by Khloé (@khloekardashian) on Jul 8, 2015 at 10:26pm PDT
Just one month later, Kardashian and the rest of her family showed up to celebrate Harden's birthday on a private yacht in Marina Del Rey, California.
The MVP goes to Kanye and Kris!!! The Turn Up is real!!!
A photo posted by Khloé (@khloekardashian) on Aug 26, 2015 at 6:19pm PDT
When Kardashian's estranged husband, former NBA player Lamar Odom, was rushed to the hospital on Oct. 13, Harden and Khloe stayed together. Though the two weren't seen together for nearly a month, they confirmed that they were still on with a public appearance in early November.
"James has been great. He's been very supportive with everything," Kardashian told Ryan Seacrest in November. "I'm sure there was, of course, times that he was uncomfortable with some of the things, but I'm a very honest person and I have nothing to hide ... He's been great and I've been open and honest."
Kardashian mentioned Harden in a livestream on her website in December after haters began to blame her for the Houston Rockets shooting guard's rough season. She later confirmed that the two were on in January, telling E! News "We're good."
Apparently, trouble began brewing between the two when Harden was seen out at a strip club with Kylie Jenner's boyfriend, Tyga.
Also on HuffPost:
Khloe Kardashian's Best Looks Of 2015
Carly Ledbetter
Lifestyle Reporter, HuffPost
The Kardashians James Harden
Out in New York City on Feb. 10.
Raymond Hall via Getty Images


This started because of this thread, when I moved from blogger to WordPress, there were some features that I couldn't replicate and one was my favorite blog list.
Feedzy is a good plugin with some customization however, they lack an option where I can sort multiple feeds based on the date. Now, what does that mean all the blogs that I follow I'll have to order them manually.
Now if I do that I'll have to show some love to those bloggers. I don't have issue with 3 of them.
So I went with WPRSS. Now this one does the sort on its own, so no love to anyone, whichever post is recent will show up on my page and will show 3 posts from the respective blog.
The blogs that are going to show up here http://orahyplabs.com/popular-epm-blogs are written by people I personally know and whom I contacted and got permission to link their blogs.


text:
from __future__ import absolute_import
# Generated by Django 1.9 on 2016-08-06 16:48
from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.db import migrations, models

class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    dependencies = [
        ('podcasts', '0020_auto_20160514_2030'),
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.AlterField(
            model_name='podcast',
            name='author_name',
            field=models.CharField(default=b'Anonymous', max_length=1024),
        ),
    ]


A Patio furniture set can significantly enhance your outdoor rest. By selecting your patio furniture sensibly you won't just create a excellent outdoor atmosphere but probably lengthen your within decorations towards the patio or yard beyond. Summertime exist only for taking pleasure in character. It is a about gathering the family around just for fun and yard BBQ's and a stunning Patio Furniture Established will help create the stage for excellent parties or loved ones time.
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text:
Chloe Esposito's golden premonition comes true at Rio Olympics
SIX weeks out from the Olympic Games in Rio, Chloe Esposito had a scary thought.
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Silver medallist Elodie Clouvel of France, gold medallist Chloe Esposito of Australia and bronze medallist Oktawia Nowacka of Poland pose on the podium during the medal ceremony.
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Chloe Esposito wins gold for Australia in modern pentathlon
Who is Australia's new gold medallist Chloe Esposito?
The family behind our newest gold medallist Chloe Esposito
"I have never thought this ever, but I thought: 'You know what? I think I am going to win'," Esposito said.
"I just had this gut feeling that I can do this ... and it happened."
Outside of a small group of family and friends, it's probably fair to say that not many shared the thought that Esposito was going to win a gold medal in the modern pentathlon either.
Not her rivals, and not an Australian public that would struggle to place the sport and it's five disciplines – fencing, swimming, show jumping, shooting and running – let alone an unassuming 24-year-old from Casula.
But armed with a belly full of self-belief, Esposito shocked almost everyone by surging through the Olympic field on Saturday and winning a historic gold medal.
Chloe Esposito poses on the podium with her gold medal after winning the modern pentathlon.
The gutsy athlete pulled together near career-best results in each discipline and in the final leg – the 3200m combined shoot/run – Esposito came from 45 seconds behind to win.
Shooting almost perfectly, she went from seventh to first by the last lap of the circuit and broke the Olympic record along the way. It was the first ever Olympic medal for Australia in modern pentathlon.
"I knew there was going to be a day where everything came together. I am so thankful it was today. I just can't believe it," Esposito said.
Six months ago, however, Esposito was entertaining scary thoughts of a far more bleak kind. Home from Budapest in Hungary, where she, brother Max and coach/father Daniel live and train, Esposito was laid up with an achilles injury.
Chloe Esposito competes in the combined running/shooting during the modern pentathlon/
She feared she may miss the Olympics, torching all the hard work she'd done since finishing seventh in modern pentathlon in London.
"She was back in Australia and we were wondering if she was going to make it," Esposito's fiance Matt Cooper told News Corp.
"Should she withdraw? After three and a half years of the effort, for it to come down to an injury, it felt heartbreaking."
Cooper eventually "packed her back off to Budapest" and with some alternative treatments and cautious training, Esposito came good. With her father and brother driving her, a stretch in altitude training camps in Mexico saw her recover her fitness and win in the Hungarian Championships.
When she crossed that line that first scary thought: she could win.
Chloe Espositio's journey to gold
Fencing had always been Esposito's weakest leg - hence the move to Europe to be around elite competition - and when she finished the fencing in 13th spot in Rio, camp Esposito's quiet confidence grew.
When she swam her best 200m swim time in London, and avoided a disaster in the show jumping like other big rivals (competitors are given a random horse on the day), Esposito was given a 45-second handicap in the last leg.
She shot 24/25 and equalled her best ever 3200m time as well. Esposito's rivals felt the pressure and couldn't answer.
"I thought they were probably going to be right behind me or something," Esposito said.
"I heard they'd left the shooting range and I turned back and saw that it was quite a big distance. I know I can run, and I knew they wouldn't catch me."
Rio Day 14: Aussies at the 2016 Olympics
Originally published as Chloe Esposito's golden premonition comes true at Rio Olympics
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An Olympic sprinter says she is "upset" at being diagnosed with a rare heart condition after getting her Pfizer booster shot.
Illawarra Hawks mastermind Brian Goorjian can't wait to coach against the players he led to the Olympic podium in Tokyo.
Tributes have flooded in for an Olympic and World Championship medallist after he was killed in a car crash at just 29.


It was a weekend of ups and downs for our Aussie international riders as Luke Styke and Todd Waters had a tough run of it at the opening round of the 2014 World Motocross Championship held in Qatar last weekend.
Styke finished a credible 16th in his MX2 qualifying race but over the two championship motos scored no points thanks to a virus. Todd Waters bounced back from a huge crash in the qualifying race when Clement Desalle came back on the track and caused the Aussie to take a dive in the whoops.
Despite a very sore body Waters managed to score a solid 14th in the opening moto then worked his way up from a poor start in the second moto to end up in 11th place and sits 11th in the points. Waters will be a top five contender as the season progresses, nothing surer.
Red Bull KTM Factory rider Dean Ferris was injured in a practice crash here in Australia last week and will miss the remainder of the Supercross Championship. Ferris fractured his wrist in the crash and had surgery to repair the fracture immediately, so the flying Aussie will now return to the US to prepare for the opening round of the Lucas Oil Pro 250 Motocross Championship series.
Daniel McCoy scored a third place in the final event of the UK based Garmin Arenacross Series and finished the series in second place overall.
On the local scene, it was announced this week that all ten rounds of the 2014 Australian Motocross Championships will once again be broadcast live on www.mysportlive.com.au.
According to the press release, 2014 will see new and improved coverage, featuring more cameras and increased track coverage of practice, qualifying and the final moto from each class.
Speaking of the MX Nationals, most of the teams have finalised their rider line up and just this week Wilson MX announced that Victorian MX2 rider Jake Emmanuelli and Queenslander MX2 rider Luke Wilson will contest the entire MX Nationals and ASX season on Honda machinery for the team.
So, thanks to the greatest minds on my Facebook account here is the rider list for the 2014 Australian motocross and supercross season.
450 Race Report: Mike Alessi pulled another holeshot and this time he had Ryan Dungey, Eli Tomac, Justin Brayton and Cole Seely (who is riding Trey Canard's factory CRF450R) in tow while lying on their backs on the start straight were our championship top dogs; Ryan Villopoto and Ken Roczen. The two riders tangled with riders all around them and ended up on their heads.
James Stewart and Dean Wilson (who is filling in on Chad Reed's KX450F) also had troubles through the first corner so there were plenty of big hitters trying to come back through the pack.
Alessi was riding extremely well out front but eventually Dungey managed to get by the controversial star and despite some heavy moves from Eli Tomac, Alessi was able to hold on to second place for over half of the race but a heavy crash after a small rutted whoop section put pay to Alessi's first ever supercross podium. Michael Byrne is coaching Alessi and it is showing.
Meanwhile, Villopoto and Roczen had moved into the top ten, with Stewart just a few places behind, but Roczen spectacularly flew over the bars on a fast rhythm section.
With a handful of laps remaining Dungey held the best part of a 10-second lead while Tomac and Seeley looked solid in second and third and Villopoto was able to move up to fourth ahead of Broc Tickle.
Dungey held on for his first win for 2014 while Tomac and Seeley could not be happier with their podium finishes and Villopoto seemed happy to have come up to fourth ahead of Tickle, Short, Stewart, Brayton, Hill and Wilson. Roczen and Weston Peick finished 21st and 22nd.
Main Event: 1. R. Dungey. 2. E. Tomac. 3. C. Seely. 4. R. Villopoto. 5. B. Tickle. 6. A. Short. 7. J. Stewart. 8. J. Brayton. 9. J. Hill. 10. D. Wilson. 11. W. Hahn. 12. J. Grant. 13. N. Wey. 14. C. Blose. 15. M. Alessi. 16. K. Chisholm. 17. J. Albertson. 18. C. Gilmore. 19. N. Schmidt. 20. R. Stewart. 21. K. Roczen. 22. W. Peick.
450SX Championship Standings After Round 9 of 17: 1. Ryan Villopoto 184. 2. Ryan Dungey 161. 3. Ken Roczen 158. 4. James Stewart 154. 5. Justin Brayton 143. 6. Chad Reed 111. 7. Justin Barcia 109. 8. Andrew Short 109. 9. Wil Hahn 93. 10. Broc Tickle 93. 11. Weston Peick 68. 12. Ivan Tedesco 62. 13. Josh Hill 58. 14. Josh Grant 56. 15. Mike Alessi 55. 16. Nick Wey 52. 17. Jake Weimer 50. 18. Eli Tomac 48. 19. Matt Georke 41. 20. Kyle Chisholm 29.
250 Race Report: Vince Friese pulled the holeshot in the 15 lap main event but was quickly relegated to third when Martin Davalos and Adam Cianciarulo came blasting by so at the end of the first lap we had Davalos leading Cianciarulo, Friese, Jimmy Decotis and Matt Bisceglia. Blake Baggett was way back at this stage.
As Davalos gapped his Pro-Circuit Kawasaki teammate, Bisceglia put together a solid second lap to move by Decotis and Friese into third before Friese fell back to fifth after Decotis slotted into fourth.
Davalos looked solid out front but spewed off the track after losing traction on an exposed area of the plywood flooring. Cianciarulo took over the lead but slid out and laid the bike over soon after but was able to pick his bike up quick enough to keep the lead.
With Cianciarulo out front and moving towards his second win of the year, Davalos pushed back up to second place when he and Justin Bogle were able to move past Bisceglia to finish in second and third place ahead of Bisceglia and Baggett who made his was from the back of the pack once again.
Jackson Richardson just missed out of qualifying straight from his heat but convincingly scored a second place in the LCQ but in the main event the young Aussie got squeezed out of the first corner but moved up to 13th place before dropping two positions late in the race for 15th.
Main Event: 1. A. Cianciarulo. 2. M. Davalos. 3. J. Bogle. 4. M. Bisceglia. 5. B. Baggett. 6. V. Friese. 7. J. Decotis. 8. M. Lemoine. 9. C. Thompson. 10. K. Cunningham. 11. A. Martin. 12. K. Peters. 13. M. Oldenburg. 14. A. Catanzaro. 15. J. Richardson. 16. J. Starling. 17. B. Nauditt. 18. J. Owen. 19. J. Martin. 20. B. Wharton. 21. P. Coates. 22. G. Faith.
250SX East Regional Championship Standings After Round 3 of 9: 1. Adam Cianciarulo 72. 2. Martin Davalos 67. 3. Justin Bogle 56. 4. Blake Baggett 54. 5. Vince Friese 48. 6. Cole Thompson 40. 7. Jimmy Decotis 34. 8. Blake Wharton 33. 9. Kyle Cunningham 33. 10. Mitchell Oldenburg 30. 11. Alex Martin 27. 12. Matt Lemoine 26. 13. AJ Catanzaro 23. 14. Matt Bisceglia 21. 15. Kyle Peters 20. 16. Jesse Wentland 17. 17. Justin Starling 12. 18. Gannon Audette 11. 19. Jackson Richardson 10. 20. Levi Kilbarger 9.
250SX West Regional Championship Standings After Round 6 of 9: 1. Jason Anderson Rio – 131. 2. Cole Seely – 127. 3. Justin Hill – 107. 4. Dean Wilson – 98. 5. Cooper Webb – 92. 6. Malcolm Stewart – 89. 7. Jessy Nelson – 76. 8. Shane Mcelrath – 71. 9. Zach Osborne – 69. 10. Dean Ferris – 63. 11. Michael Leib – 51. 12. Dakota Tedder – 50. 13. Jake Canada – 46. 14. Scott Champion – 46. 15. Valentin Teillet – 28. 16. Cole Martinez – 24. 17. Darryn Durham – 21. 18. Topher Ingalls – 19. 19. Preston Mull – 17. 20. Chris Plouffe – 13.
Rd 10: March 8 – Daytona International Speedway – Daytona Beach, Fla.
Rd 16: April 26 – MetLife Stadium – East Rutherford, N.J.
Moto 1: Xavier Boog took the holeshot and was followed by Strijbos, Bobryshev, Nagl, Cairoli, Frossard, Paulin, Desalle, Guarneri, Roelants while Todd Waters sat back just inside the top 20.
Strijbos took the lead after half a lap and soon after Bobryshev and Cairoli also went past Boog while Desalle crashed back to 13th place. Nagl moved into second after getting around Bobryshev and Cairoli and to everyone's surprise Paulin passed Cairoli and set out after Bobryshev while Nagl closed in on Strijbos for the lead and eventually got by the smooth veteran at the end of lap 3.
With Nagl out front and pulling away from Strijbos, we had Paulin, Bobryshev, Cairoli and Frossard fighting over third place but on lap five Paulin, Cairoli, and Frossard moved onto the back wheel of Strijbos but they could not find a way by so on lap seven the running order was Nagl, Strijbos, Paulin, Cairoli, Frossard, Bobryshev, Van Horebeek, Searle, Simpson, Guarneri with Waters up to 15th place.
Strijbos' lack of race time caught up with him soon after and Paulin, Cairoli and Frossard went by and started making ground on Nagl but the battling duo started costing each other time and Nagl etched out a four second lead and an eventual win ahead of ahead of Cairoli, Paulin, Frossard, Van Horebeek, Van Horbeek, Searle, Strijbos, Bobryshev, Desalle, Roelants with Waters getting up to 14th place.
Moto 2: Paulin took the lead early but was closely followed by Karro, Frossard, Bobryshev, Nagl, Cairoli, Searle, Desalle, Simpson and Guarneri while Strijbos sat back in 14th ahead of Waters who was way back in 19th place.
Frossard quickly got by Karro and started swapping the lead with Paulin while Cairoli moved up to third place. So, after two laps Paulin held a narrow lead over Frossard with Cairoli sitting in third ahead of Nagl, Van Horebeek, Bobryshev, Desalle, Searle, Karro and Simpson. Waters had moved up to 15th place.
With the top five riders keeping pace, Desalle moved up to sixth place and despite the pain of his crash the previous day Waters passed Philippaerts for 10th place.
Paulin took the win from his Kawasaki teammate Frossard who in turn led home Cairoli, Nagl and Van Horebeek while Roelants moved into the top 10 by passing Waters at the death.
"It's been a rough start to my MXGP career." Waters admitted. "I had a massive crash during qualification and was lucky not to get injured. Coming through the wave section the rider in front of me made a mistake and I had to take avoiding action resulting in one of the biggest crashes I've had in a long time, I was quite beat up after it but was determined to compete in my first ever MXGP race," he added.
MXGP Moto Points – Round 1 – Qatar: 1. Gautier Paulin (20-25) Kaw. 2. Max Nagl (25-18) Hon. 3. Antonio Cairoli (22-20) KTM. 4. Steven Frossard (18-22) Kaw. 5. Jeremy Van Horbeek (16-16) Yam. 6. Tommy Searle (15-14) Kaw. 7. Clement Desalle (12-15) Suz. 8. Kevin Strijbos (14-13) Suz. 9. Evgeny Bobryshev (13-12) Hon. 10. Joel Roelants (11-11) Hon. 11. Todd Waters (7-10) Hus.
MXGP World Championship standings after 1 of 18 rounds: 1. Gautier Paulin (FRA, KAW), 45. 2. Maximilian Nagl (GER, HON), 43. 3. Antonio Cairoli (ITA, KTM), 42. 4. Steven Frossard (FRA, KAW), 40. 5. Jeremy Van Horebeek (BEL, YAM), 32. 6. Tommy Searle (GBR, KAW), 29. 7. Clement Desalle (BEL, SUZ), 27. 8. Kevin Strijbos (BEL, SUZ), 27. 9. Evgeny Bobryshev (RUS, HON), 25. 10. Joel Roelants (BEL, HON), 22. 11. Todd Waters, 17. 12. David Philippaerts, 17. 13. Tanel Leok, 13. 14. Jake Nicholls, 10. 15. Shaun Simpson, 10. 16. Davide Guarneri, 9. 17. Xavier Boog, 8. 18. Rui Goncalves, 8. 19. Matiss Karro, 6. 20. Jens Getteman, 6.
Rattray Injury Update – Unable to compete at the FIM Motocross World Championship's opening GP of Qatar due to severe pain from his broken finger, sustained at round three of the Internazionali d'Italia championship at Montevarchi, Italy, Tyla has successfully gone under the surgeons knife in Belgium having two pins inserted to stabilise the fracture. Tyla will need to rest for three weeks before he can start any physiotherapy on his finger. Then, if all goes well, Tyla will be able to return to riding soon after as he begins his preparations for a return to the Motocross World Championship, most like round four in Trentino, Italy.
Moto 1: Ferrandis held the lead for a short time before Butron took over with Leiber, Anstie, Tixier, Tonkov, Coldenhoff, Pocock, Gajser, Petrov, Seewer, Guillod, Herlings, Desprey and Febvre. Young American Thomas Covington was out of the race with a mechanical problem on lap two.
On lap two Anstie took the lead from Butron, Ferrandis and Lieber, while Herlings was recovering from a first lap incident and moved up to 12th place and by lap- four Herlings was up to ninth.
Anstie had a lead of five seconds over Butron, who soon lost his second place to Ferrandis. At this stage, Coldenhoff held fourth ahead of Tonkov, Febvre, Pocock, Herlings and Tixier.
After 13 laps Anstie held a solid lead while Herlings passed Tonkov for fifth place and was quickly looking for a way around Butron for fourth place.
Disaster stuck for Anstie around lap 14 when his Yamaha stoped suddenly handing Ferrandis the lead with Coldenhoff close behind in second with Herlings a further six seconds back in third place.
Going into the final lap, Coldenhoff and Herlings were looking for a way by Ferrandis for the lead and after a sensational final lap Ferrandis got the win by a bike length ahead of Herlings with Coldenhoff a close third.
Luke Styke started the moto just inside the top 20 and after making his way into the top 15 disappeared from the time sheet with a virus.
Moto 2: Styke did not make it to the finish line for moto two and this time it is Butron who scored the holeshot ahead Anstie, Covington, Tonkov, Tixier, Ferrandis, Gajser, Tonus, Pocock and Seewer while Herlings and Coldenhoff sat just inside the top 20.
After a frantic opening lap we have Anstie leading Butron, Covington, Tonkov, Ferrandis, Lieber, Herlings (yes, he passed 10 plus riders in one lap), Charlier, Febvre, and Tixier.
Anstie had Covington closing in at around the sixth lap while Ferrandis and Herlings held down third and fourth but on lap 10 Herlings passed Ferrandis for third place.
Herlings quickly caught and passed Covington and before he could catch Anstie for the lead, the British rider's bike stopped for the second time on the day.
In the dying laps the race was there for the defending World Champion to win with the final order being Herlings, Tonus, Covington, Febvre, Tonkov, Ferrandis, Tixier, Butron, Charlier and Gajser.
MX2 Moto Points – Round 1 of 18: 1. Jeffrey Herlings (22-25) KTM. 2. Dylan Ferrandis (25-15) Kaw. 3. Romain Febvre (16-18) Hus. 4. Arnaud Tonus (11-22) Kaw. 5. Aleksandr Tonkov (15-16) Hus. 6. Jose Butron (18-13) KTM. 7. Glenn Coldenhoff (20-9) Suz. 8. Jordi Tixier (14-14) KTM. 9. Tim Gajser (13-11) Hon. 10. Christophe Charlier (9-12) Yam. 11. Thomas Covington (0-20) Kaw.
MX2 World Championship standings after 1 of 18 rounds: 1. Jeffrey Herlings (NED, KTM), 47. 2. Dylan Ferrandis (FRA, KAW), 40. 3. Romain Febvre (FRA, HUS), 34. 4. Arnaud Tonus (SUI, KAW), 33. 5. Jose Butron (ESP, KTM), 31. 6. Aleksandr Tonkov (RUS, HUS), 31. 7. Glenn Coldenhoff (NED, SUZ), 29. 8. Jordi Tixier (FRA, KTM), 28. 9. Tim Gajser (SLO, HON), 24. 10. Christophe Charlier (FRA, YAM), 21. 11. Thomas Covington, 20. 12. Valentin Guillod, 19. 13. Petar Petrov, 15. 14. Alessandro Lupino, 15. 15. Maxime Desprey, 12. 16. Julien Lieber, 11. 17. Jeremy Seewer, 10. 18. Mel Pocock, 10. 19. Max Anstie, 4. 20. Roberts Justs, 4.
Kawasaki 's Meghan Rutledge won both motos in Qatar ahead of Natalie Kane and Livia Lancelot and is looking to take that momentum into the second round of the series in Italy on April the 13th.
"I couldn't have asked for a better start to the season," an excited Rutledge stated. "My Bud Racing Team Kawasaki KX250F was awesome and I couldn't have asked for more.
"I won FIM World races last year but never the double like I have here so I'm so excited. I can't thank everybody at Bud Kawasaki Racing enough and also everyone at Kawasaki Australia for their ongoing support, it feels great to be able to get the red plate here at the first round and I can't wait to get to Italy for the 2nd round." Rutledge added.
WMX Points after Round 1 of 6: 1. Meghan Rutledge, 50. 2. Natalie Kane, 42. 3. Livia Lancelot, 36. 4. Stephanie Laier, 34. 5. Nancy Van De Ven, 34. 6. Chiara Fontanesi, 33. 7. Larissa Papenmeier, 29. 8. Francesca Nocera, 28. 9. Marianne Veenstra, 22. 10. Justine Charroux, 12.
AMSOIL Arenacross, featuring Ricky Carmichael's Road to Supercross, kicked off its Race to the Championship on Saturday night inside the BOK Center in Tulsa, Okla. Entering the night in second, Babbitt's Monster Energy/AMSOIL Kawasaki presented by Maxxis rider Zach Ames took over the championship lead with his second overall victory of the season. Team Faith/FLY Racing KTM's Kelly Smith grabbed the win in the final round of the Eastern Regional Arenacross Lites Class.
Ames started off the night by taking over the early lead in the first 15-lap Arenacross Class Main Event, with PBR/TiLube/TUF Racing Honda's Kyle Regal and Babbitt's Monster Energy/AMSOIL Kawasaki's Tyler Bowers in third. On Lap 3, Bowers moved into the lead but crashed on Lap 8, allowing Ames to reclaim the position. Regal took over second, while Bowers fell to 13th. Ames held on to take the win with Regal in second, while Farmers Insurance/Reynard Mods Suzuki's Cory Green finished third. Ames selected the inversion for the second Main Event, picking zero.
Green capitalized on a strong start to take the lead in the second Main Event, with Regal and Ames close behind. Bowers started just outside the top five. Green paced the field for most of the race, but gave way to Ames on Lap 10. Team Babbitt's Monster Energy/AMSOIL Kawasaki's Colt Nichols made a strong charge into the top three halfway through the Main Event and took over second on Lap 13. In the closing two laps, Bowers also surged forward, moving from fifth to third to give the Babbitt's squad a 1-2-3 finish.
Ames' 1-1 effort was his most impressive outing of the season on a night when championship momentum is key. Nichols secured his best career overall result in second (4-2), while Green rounded out the podium in third (3-4). Bowers, who entered the night as the championship leader, finished sixth (13-3).
Earlier in the evening, Bowers defeated Regal to win Head-to-Head Bracket Racing, earning a valuable championship bonus point.
Ames assumes control of the Race to the Championship and is currently the points leader, holding a seven-point lead over Regal and Nichols. The pair both have 31 points, but Regal sits in second by virtue of higher finishes, while Nichols sits third. Green is in fourth, eight points out of the lead, while Bowers is fifth 12-points behind Ames.
Smith was dominant in the final Eastern Regional Arenacross Lites Class Championship Main Event of the season. KMS KTM's Dave Ginolfi started the race in second, but was never able to challenge Smith for the lead, maintaining the spot throughout to finish in the runner-up position. BWRengines.com Honda's Maxx Malatia started the race in third, but battled with Team Faith/FLY Racing Honda's Cheyenne Harmon for the spot early. Malatia quickly reclaimed the spot and held on to it through the remainder of the race.
AMSOIL Arenacross continues next weekend for the second round of the Race to the Championship from Albuquerque, N.M., and Tingley Coliseum for two nights of racing. Action begins next Friday, March 7th, and continued on Saturday, March 8th.
Arenacross Class Results – Overall (Main Event Finishes): 1. Zach Ames, Prospect, Ohio, Kawasaki (1-1). 2. Colt Nichols, S. Muskogee, Okla., Kawasaki (4-2). 3. Cory Green, Nowata, Okla., Suzuki (3-4). 4. Kyle Regal, Grand Prairie, Texas, Honda (2-6). 5. Travis Sewell, Westville, Ind., KTM (5-9). 6. Tyler Bowers, Danville, Ky., Kawasaki (13-3). 7. Michael McDade, McDonald, Ohio, Kawasaki (9-7). 8. Willy Browning, Pleasantville, Ohio, KTM (7-8). 9. Jacob Hayes, Liberty, N.C., Honda (14-5). 10. Kelly Smith, Ludington, Mich., KTM (8-12).
Arenacross Class Race to the Championship: 1. Zach Ames, Prospect, Ohio, Kawasaki – 38. 2. Kyle Regal, Grand Prairie, Texas, Honda – 31. 3. Colt Nichols, S. Muskogee, Okla., Kawasaki – 31. 4. Cory Green, Nowata, Okla., Suzuki – 30. 5. Tyler Bowers, Danville, Ky., Kawasaki – 26. 6. Willy Browning, Pleasantville, Ohio, KTM – 22. 7. Travis Sewell, Westville, Ind., KTM – 22. 8. Michael McDade, McDonald, Ohio, Kawasaki – 21. 9. Jacob Hayes, Greensboro, N.C., Honda – 20. 10. Gared Steinke, Woodland, Calif., Kawasaki – 15.
Eastern Regional Arenacross Lites Class Points (After Race 9 of 9): 1. Tony Archer, Waldorf, Md., Kawasaki – 101. 2. Brandon Glenn, Mesquite, Texas, KTM – 83. 3. Steve Roman, Apollo, Pa., Suzuki – 69. 4. Jacob Williamson, Swartz Creek, Mich., Yamaha – 65. 5. Michael Lang, Saugerties, N.Y., Honda – 41. 6. Scott Zont, Algonquin, Ill., KTM – 36. 7. Dylan Rouse, Florence, Ky., Honda – 34. 8. Jeremy Pronovost, St. Philippe, Quebec, KTM – 34. 9. Keith Tucker, Furgacy-Varina, N.C., Yamaha – 33. 10. Chad Wages, Frederick, Md., KTM – 28.
Chris Hollis had a tough final round of the 2014 KTM Enduro-X Nationals held at Calder Park last weekend but the plucky Yamaha pilot hung on to score enough points to take the championship win from arch rival Toby Price.
Pro Class Calder Park Overall Round Results: 1. Mike Brown 69. 2. Beau Ralston 60. 3. Toby Price 57. 4. Chris Hollis 50. 5. Daniel Milner 49. 6. Glenn Kearney 48. 7. Stefan Granquist 47. 8. Daniel Sanders 45. 9. Tom McCormack 38. 10. Jack Field 32. 11. Peter Boyle 22. 12. Scott Keegan 11.
Pro Class Overall Championship Results: 1. Chris Hollis 188. 2. Toby Price 182. 3. Daniel Milner 161. 4. Tom McCormack 130. 5. Peter Boyle 128. 6. Mike Brown 127. 7. Beau Ralston 113. 8. Stefan Granquist 95. 9. Glenn Kearney 82. 10. Jack Field 55.
The final round of the Garmin Arenacross Tour was held in London on Saturday night and the main event winner was Frenchman Thomas Ramette (Buildbase Honda) who made it four different winners from seven rounds while our own Daniel McCoy scored the final podium position in the final.
Main Event: 1. Thomas Ramette. 2. Cyrille Coulon. 3. Daniel McCoy. 4. Kristian Whatley. 5. Angelo Pellegrini. 6. Fabien Izoird. 7. Nev Bradshaw. 8. Romain Biela. 9. Steven Clarke. 10. Luke Arbon.
Final Point Standings: 1. Fabien Izoird 135. 2. Daniel McCoy 117. 3. Cyrille Coulon 114. 4. Loic Rombaut 91. 5. Kristian Whatley 87. 6. Nev Bradshaw 87. 7. Steven Clarke 86. 8. Angelo Pellegrini 78. 9. Elliott Banks-Browne 53. 10. Luke Arbon 53.
We will get to see how Aussie Josh Strang and Kiwi Paul Whibly have fared in the off season when the 2014 GNCC kicks off this weekend in Florida. Strang is now riding a Yamaha and has been putting in the hard yards on his mountain bike and the new YZF so fitness should not be a problem for the former champion.
Here is the calendar for the 2014 GNCC.
David Knight was back on winning form at the weekend when he lifted his 16th British Championship title by winning the Fast Eddy British Extreme Enduro Championship at Back Cowm Quarry (Cowm Leisure) on Sunday. Knight fresh from finishing runner-up in the World Indoor SuperEnduro series was eager to secure another British title at the weekend.
The track was looking great on Saturday but the heavens opened overnight and the temperature plummeted on Sunday making the terrain and course extremely difficult for some of the most experienced riders. David was riding the Sherco 300 4T racing model and was locked in a battle all day with youngster Jonny Walker, with David eventually taking the win.
Despite this he did suffer a huge crash and winded himself pretty badly in the early stages of the day but he remounted and fought through the pain to become victorious. For two and a half hours David and Jonny swapped positions and each suffering their own problems, this made it extremely close and exciting for the crowd of spectators that had braved the elements to come and watch and support.
This final round of the British Extreme Championship was also the start of a European series – the FIM Extreme Enduro Cup.


text:
Q: How to correctly interpret solr similarity score? I am aware that the similarity scores returned by Solr are relevant only for a specific query and that they have only relative meaning.
Having said that, is there a way to determine the 'goodness' of a score in a global fashion?
For example: Suppose I run an MLT query and get 5 documents. Each document has a score but the fact is that the document with the highest score is not necessarily the most relevant. I want to be able to specify a threshold score below which I do not even consider the documents.
How can this threshold be determined? Is it only by empirical measurement, or can I say that usually, a similarity score larger than 3 gives good resemblance in content, while similarity scores smaller than 1 usually means the document is completely irrelevant? Or alternatively, can I say that results that are less than 80% of the similarity of a document to itself are irrelevant?

A: For a given document, Solr may determine the interesting terms and their weights:
"interestingTerms":
    ["field_b:foo",5.0,"field_b:bar",2.9085307,"field_b:baz",1.67070794]

which can be used to generate the following search query:
field_b:foo^5.0 field_b:bar^2.9085307 field_b:baz^1.67070794

So MLT is AFAIK a two step process that finds the interesting terms and weights of a given document and then uses those terms to do a search

See https://stackoverflow.com/a/12328229/604511 and  mlt.interestingTerms in http://wiki.apache.org/solr/MoreLikeThisHandler .

Do you have a good reason for such a threshold? Just present the results to the user. If there is low similarity, the user will (and must be allowed to) overlook the results.
See the following: StackOverflow concentrates on the why does and fetches nothing about tomcat. But still SO users overlook bad MLT suggestions all the time.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Freight train derails in Pittsburg
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A 10-car Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway train traveling from Richmond to Barstow derailed at about 1:30 a.m. near Loveridge Road in Pittsburg, BNSF spokeswoman Lena Kent said.
The incident has affected Amtrak service in both directions, she said. "It's a single main line and nothing can get through there."
Nine of the 10 cars were empty, she said. The 10th contains liquid petroleum gas, but Kent said the car and its contents were not damaged.
"It was moving at a very slow speed," she said. "It was actually backing up when it derailed."
The car containing the liquid petroleum is not completely on the ground, but is leaning at a 45-degree angle, she said.
No one was injured in the derailment and BNSF crews are at the site investigating the cause, Kent said.
There is no estimate for when the tracks will be cleared, she said.
The incident is disrupting Amtrak service on the Oakland-to-Bakersfield corridor, spokeswoman Vernae Graham said. Passengers are being bused between the Martinez and Stockton stations, she said.
Graham said Amtrak has 10 trains scheduled along that route today.
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text:
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void luaRegister_AnimationClip();

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#endif


TUFROL is a new company that has some nice designs and is working on developing their own brand of Gis. Like many companies, TUFROL is out of California.
reinforcement lining tape inside jacket and on sleeve and pants cuffs.
The collar felt like it was choking me and was my only real major gripe with the Gi, I was really disappointed because aesthetically the Gi has some nice colors in use. The seam tape colors were different that a lot of other Gis and looked nice and I liked the use of gray as a contrast stitch and side vent color. I also liked how they left one of the sleeves blank and think the Gi overall would have looked a little better with both sleeves being blank.
I wasn't too keen on their website being embroidered on the upper back of the Gi, to me putting a website on clothing can look pretty cheesy. The trailing stitching also looks subpar.
The flat back part of the collar should be visible in this picture. and was oddly formed with indents near the back of the neck. Maybe I have a fat neck, but I've never had this issue with any gi in the past of any A2 or A3 size from any company. It wasn't comfortable to roll in at all.
The pretty seam tape, it was a bit scratchy, but only a tad. It lessened with continuous washing and wasn't an issue after a handful of washes.
The TUFROL Signature Gi does have some nice elements to it, the color options being one of them, their TUFROL patch on the skirt of the jacket being another, it looks really nice and subtle.
Another tag on the skirt. Although they say the gi is 550gsm, it feels much lighter.
I wasn't the biggest fan of this arm embroidery from a looks standpoint. None of the patches or embroidery bothered me while rolling however.
Looking for pearl weave gis? Find them at Hypnotik!
The pants didn't feel as if they were the greatest quality and had a yellow tint to them which didn't look very good compared to the tops color. Although light, they felt relatively baggy in the arse. Regardless, I didn't have any issues while rolling. Like the top, the pants 12oz cotton rating seems a bit too much as these are definitely some of the lighter pants I've worn.
The belt loop system worked and featured a six belt loop system with a stretchy rope drawstring.
The seam tape at the bottom of the pants was uncolored standard cotton. It wasn't scratchy but was different than the colored choice they went with for the sleeves.
Rolling wise, I just couldn't enjoy myself due to the collar. The pants were ok but not my favorite fitting. This could be a great summer Gi due to its lightness if the collar fits you.
On a brighter note, in addition to the Gi, TUFROL throws in some really good looking stickers. I especially like the Carlos Gracie, Helio Gracie, Mitsu Maeda and Jigoro Kano sticker. It's a really cool design and you can buy a shirt with it on their store.
I did try messaging TUFROL to express a few concerns but did not get a response back. Smaller companies are always improving and I'd love to see them make a couple minor changes to really let their line of Gis stand out.
Get your very own TUFROL Signature Gi through their website.