Cryptocaryon irritans is an obligate ectoparasitic ciliate pathogen of marine fishes. It can infect most marine teleosts and cause heavy economic losses in aquaculture. There is currently no effective method of controlling this disease, and little information is available regarding the genes involved in its development and virulence. We aimed to investigate the distinct features of the three major life-cycle stages of C. irritans in terms of gene transcription level, and identify candidate vaccines/drug targets. We established a reference transcriptome of C. irritans by RNA-seq.
Three cDNA libraries using total poly(A)+ mRNA isolated from trophonts, tomonts, and theronts was constructed and sequenced, respectively. Clean reads from the three stages were de novo assembled to generated unigene. Annotation of unigenes and transcriptomic comparison of three stages was performed.
Totals of 73.15, 62.23, and 109.57 million clean reads were generated from trophont, tomont, and theront libraries, respectively. After de novo assembly, 49,104 unigenes were obtained, including 9,253 unigenes with significant similarities to proteins from other ciliates. Transcriptomic comparisons revealed that 2,470 genes were differentially expressed among the three stages, including 2,011, 1,404, and 1,797 genes that were significantly differentially expressed in tomont/theront, tomont/trophont, and theront/trophont pairwise comparisons, respectively. Based on the results of hierarchical clustering, all differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were located in five major clusters. DEGs in clusters 1 and 2 were more highly expressed in tomonts than in other stages, DEGs in cluster 3 were dominant in the tomont and trophont stages, whereas clusters 4 and 5 included genes upregulated in the theront stage. In addition, Immobilization antigens (I-antigens) and proteases have long been considered major targets for vaccine development and potential drug targets in parasites, respectively. In the present study, nine putative I-antigens transcripts and 161 protease transcripts were found in the transcriptome of C. irritans.
It was concluded that DEGs enriched in tomonts were involved in cell division, to increase the number of theronts and ensure parasite continuity. DEGs enriched in theronts were associated with response to stimuli, whereas genes enriched in trophonts were related to nutrient accumulation and cell growth. In addition, the I-antigen and protease transcripts in our transcriptome could contribute to the development of vaccines or targeted drugs. Together, the results of the present study provide novel insights into the physiological processes of a marine parasitic ciliate.
The protozoan Cryptocaryon irritans is one of the most common parasitic ciliates. It can infect many species of marine fish in tropical and subtropical regions, causing cryptocaryonosis [1–4]. Although the parasite does not usually cause severe infections in wild fish, it has become a major problem in aquaria and aquaculture industries. In South China, direct economic losses due to cryptocaryoniasis have amounted to over 16 million US dollars just in the Guangdong Province each year (data not published). Cryptocaryon irritans has four main life-cycle stages (Fig. 1): parasitic trophont, off-host protomont, reproductive tomont and infective theront . The trophont lives within the host epithelium, and the typical clinical signs of cryptocaryonosis, including pinhead-sized white nodules covering the surface of the skin, gills and eyes, can be observed by the naked eye during this stage. The mature trophont leaves the host and becomes a protomont before encysting and transforming into a tomont, which then attaches to the substrate, develops, and divides into numerous daughter tomites by asymmetric binary fission. These tomites subsequently leave the cyst as theronts, which actively seek new fish hosts and burrow into the epithelium to start the next life-cycle. An entire life-cycle takes one week in Trachinotus ovatus hosts used to maintain C. irritans at 27 °C in artificial conditions .
Despite major losses caused by cryptocaryonosis, there is currently no effective means of controlling this disease . However, previous studies indicated that C. irritans can regulate the expression of host immune-related genes [7–12], and immunization with C. irritans can confer protection [13–15], implicating immune prophylaxis as a potential alternative method of control. However, it is impractical to culture C. irritans continuously in vitro in large-scale industrial operations, and using fish as hosts to passage the parasite is both time-consuming and costly. Surface proteins called immobilization antigens (I-antigens) were recently identified in this parasite, and a modified DNA vaccine based on these antigens was demonstrated to protect fish against infection by C. irritans . However, no other potential antigen proteins have yet been identified.
Information on the transcriptome of a parasite can help to discover genes and understand the molecular processes involved in parasite development, reproduction and host interactions, as well as facilitating the search for potential vaccine candidates and drug targets [17–22]. Comparative analysis of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis trophonts and theronts showed that the most abundant transcripts were highly stage-specific and coincided with metabolic activities . In 2010, Lokanathan et al.  identified 2,659 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a cDNA library of C. irritans tomonts, of which just 1,611 matched proteins with known functions. Although these results offered insight into the genomics of C. irritans, they only identified gene sequences, with little information about the transcript levels of each gene, or the genes involved in different stages of the life-cycle. The present study therefore aimed to obtain a more complete transcript picture of C. irritans by sequencing mRNA from all three life-cycle stages (theront, trophont, and tomont) using the Illumina RNA-seq method. A total of 9,253 high-quality unigenes were identified that significantly matched other ciliate proteins. We analyzed the expression profiles of these unigenes and described their differential expression patterns in the three stages. The results of this study improve our understanding of C. irritans biology and will help to further the development of effective methods for controlling cryptocaryonosis.
Cryptocaryon irritans for sequencing were originally isolated from an infected T. ovatus obtained from a local farm in Daya Bay, Guangdong Province, China, and maintained by serial passage using T. ovatus as hosts, as described previously . To collect parasites at different life stages, mature trophonts were gently scraped from infected T. ovatus gills (3 days post-infection) and carefully washed to remove contaminating tissue debris. The trophonts were then incubated in sterilized seawater at 28 °C for 12 h to develop into tomonts, or for 3 days to develop into theronts. After centrifugation at 800× g for 5 min, trophonts and tomonts were collected. Theronts were cooled in an ice-bath for 30 min, and then harvested after centrifugation at 4,000× g for 5 min. All C. irritans were immediately cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen until RNA isolation.
RNA was extracted from trophonts, tomonts, and theronts using an RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The quantity and integrity of the RNA were determined using a NanoDropND-1000 spectrophotometer (Thermo, Waltham, USA) and Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies, Richardson, USA), respectively, and RNAs with a RNA Integrity Number (RIN) > 8, 28S/18S > 0.7, and A260/280 values of about 2.0 were used to prepare the libraries.
Sequencing libraries were constructed according to the TruSeq® RNA Sample Preparation v2 manuals (Illumina, San Diego, USA). Briefly, poly(A)+ mRNA was purified from the total RNA with oligo(dT) attached magnetic beads, and cleaved into small fragments. First-strand cDNA was synthesized using the fragmented RNA as template and random hexamers as primers, and second-strand cDNA was obtained using Second Strand Master Mix (Thermo, Waltham, USA). After repairing the overhang ends into blunt ends with End Repair Mix, a single "A" nucleotide was added to the 3′ end of the double-stranded cDNA, followed by ligation to an adapter containing a single "T". Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to enrich the DNA fragments with adapter molecules on both ends and amplify the amount of DNA in the library. The concentrations and sizes of the libraries were measured with a Qubit®2.0 Fluorometer (Life Technologies, Camarillo, USA) and Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer, respectively. The libraries were then sequenced and analyzed using an Illumina HiSeq™ 2500 instrument (Illumina, San Diego, USA) with paired end 2 × 100 nucleotide multiplex, according to the manufacturer's instructions  (Fig. 1).
Adaptors, low-quality reads (> 50% bases with quality (Q) value ≤ 10), ambiguous nucleotide reads (> 10% 'N' rate, where 'N' represents ambiguous bases in reads), and sequence reads < 20 bp were removed. All clean reads from the three stages served as a pool reads and were processed with CLC Genomics Workbench software [24–26] using the scaffolding contig program (word-size = 45, minimum contig length ≥ 300) and CAP3 EST software to generate de novo assembled unigenes. All unigenes were first compared with the T. ovatus transcriptome database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/SRX534464) to remove host-cell contamination. A bacterial database (total 222,262,566 proteins) was then downloaded from a non-redundant (NR) protein database to remove prokaryote contamination, with a cut-off E-value for contaminating contigs of < 1e-5 and identity ≥ 70% in the above analysis. Finally, the clean unigenes were annotated using a high-throughput BLASTx program against the NR protein database, and protein databases of Tetrahymena thermophila (http://www.ciliate.org/system/downloads/T_thermophila_June2014_proteins.fasta), Tetrahymena borealis (http://www.ciliate.org/system/downloads/T_borealis_oct2012_proteins.fasta), Tetrahymena elliotti (http://www.ciliate.org/system/downloads/T_elliotti_oct2012_proteins.fasta), Tetrahymena malaccensis (http://www.ciliate.org/system/downloads/T_malaccensis_oct2012_proteins.fasta), Paramecium tetraurelia (http://paramecium.cgm.cnrs-gif.fr/download/fasta/Ptetraurelia_peptides_cur.fasta), and I. multifiliis (http://ich.ciliate.org/system/downloads/img1_0407.aa.fsa) (E-value < 1e-5, identity ≥ 30% and coverage ≥ 50%). Potential C-terminal glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-modification sites were predicted using big-II predictor (http://mendel.imp.ac.at/sat/gpi/gpi_server.html) . Gene ontology (GO) annotation was performed using Blast2GO and GO enrichment analysis using top GO package. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were obtained from KEGG databases.
The relative expression levels of unigenes were calculated as reads per kilobases per million reads (RPKM) . To compare the pronounced active transcripts among the three stages of C. irritans, the edegR package was used to define significantly upregulated or downregulated genes with a threshold value of fold change ≥ 4 and false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.001 . Based on the expression pattern, cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the three stages was performed using Cluster package. A heat map was generated using R, and a GO annotation plot was generated using WEGO (http://wego.genomics.org.cn/cgi-bin/wego/index.pl) .
To confirm the RNA-seq results, gene expression levels were determined using the LightCycler480 real-time PCR system (Roche, Mannheim, Germany) using SYBR Green Realtime PCR Master Mix (Thermo, Waltham, USA), according to the manufacturer's instructions, as described previously . Total RNA was extracted from each parasite stage using an RNeasy Mini Kit, as described above, and stored at -80 °C. cDNA was synthesized from total RNA for each parasite stage using a ReverTra Ace-α-Kit (Toyobo, Osaka, Japan), according to the manufacturer's protocol. Eight gene-specific primers were designed based on the transcriptome library (Additional file 1: Table S1). Elongation factor-1β (EF-1β) primers (EF-1β RTF/EF-1β RTR) were introduced as the reference gene. The cycling protocol was as follows: 94 °C for 2 min, and 94 °C for 15 s, 58 °C for 15 s, and 72 °C for 20 s for 40 cycles. Melting-curve analysis was used to detect the specificity of the PCR products, which was verified by sequencing. All samples were analyzed in triplicate. The expression of each target gene was normalized to the housekeeping gene EF-1β, calculated according to the 2-ΔΔCt method . Tomont samples were used as the calibration control. Thus, ΔΔCt = [(Cttarget – CtEF-1β)]trophont or theront stage – [(Cttarget – CtEF-1β)] tomont stage. All data were analyzed using SPSS (version 16.0) software. Correlations between quantitative PCR (qPCR) and RNA-seq results were determined using Pearson's r.
To examine the transcriptional profile of C. irritans, we constructed three cDNA libraries using total poly(A)+ mRNA isolated from trophonts, tomonts, and theronts, respectively. Totals of 79.35, 66.42, and 123.62 million raw reads, respectively, were produced by Illumina Hiseq 2500 sequencing (Table 1). All raw reads were submitted to the Sequence Read Archive database at NCBI (SUB1416064, SUB1416075, and SUB1416142). After removal of adaptors, low-quality reads, ambiguous reads, and reads < 20 bp, 73.15, 62.23, and 109.57 million clean reads were generated from the trophont, tomont, and theront libraries, respectively, with a clean-read ratio of 90.92%. A total of 49,104 unigenes were then obtained after de novo assembly, with a total length of 50,174,026 bp, an average length of 1,022 bp, and N50 of 1,338 bp.
To obtain more C. irritans-derived genes, the unigenes were first compared with a T. ovatus transcriptome database to obtain 31,893 non-host contigs, followed by a bacterial database to remove the prokaryote contamination. This left 9,253 contigs (Coding sequence ≥ 100 amino acids) (Table 1), of which 8,569 contigs matched entries in the NR protein database, and all 9,253 contigs (Additional file 1: Tables S2 and S3) matched to the six ciliate databases, corresponding to the number of I. multifiliis annotations [33, 34]. A Venn diagram summarizing C. irritans unigenes compared with peptide sequences from Tetrahymena (four species in total), I. multifiliis, and P. tetraurelia is shown in Fig. 2. A total of 7,041 (76.1%) unigenes were shared by all ciliate databases.
For functional predictions and categories, all 9,253 unigenes were annotated with 43,436 GO terms and assigned into three functional GO terms, including cellular component (14 sub-categories), molecular function (13 sub-categories), and biological process categories (22 sub-categories) (Fig. 3 and Additional file 1: Table S4). Cell part (66.3%) was the largest sub-category in the cellular component category, while the main sub-categories in molecular function were catalytic activity (47.6%) and binding (43.3%), and the major biological processes were cellular process (60.7%) and metabolic process (47.3%).
Mapping the reference pathways in the KEGG database identified a total of 230 KEGG pathways (Additional file 1: Table S5). The pathways with most genes were the ribosome, spliceosome, carbon metabolism, and purine metabolism pathways, which was in accord with the previous transcriptome analysis of C. irritans tomonts . Comparisons with the T. ovatus transcriptome  and other ciliate genomes indicated that the overall metabolism of ciliates was largely identical, with only minor differences.
In the present study, we used a threshold of FDR < 0.001 and absolute fold change ≥ 4 to define significantly upregulated or downregulated genes in pairwise comparisons. A total of 2,470 DEGs were identified across the three stages, including 2,011 genes that were significantly differentially expressed between tomonts and theronts, comprising 1,103 upregulated and 908 downregulated genes. A total of 1,404 DEGs, including 631 upregulated and 773 downregulated genes in the tomont/trophont pairwise comparison, and 1,797 DEGs, including 805 upregulated and 992 downregulated genes in the theront/trophont pairwise comparison. Based on hierarchical clustering results, we generated a heat map to illustrate the differential gene expression patterns in the three stages (Fig. 4). DEGs formed five major clusters (Fig. 5 and Additional file 1: Table S6). DEGs in clusters 1 and 2 were more highly expressed in tomonts than in the other stages, while DEGs in cluster 3 had lower expression levels in theronts but relatively higher expression levels in tomonts and trophonts, while clusters 4 and 5 showed increased expression in the theront stage.
GO enrichment analysis (Fig. 6) revealed that DEGs in clusters 1 and 2, including the genes encoding histone H2A variant 3, protein kinase 2, Cyclic Adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit, cat-eye syndrome critical region protein 2, translationally-controlled tumor protein homolog, calpain-type cysteine protease DEK1, and calpain-type cysteine protease ADL1 were enriched in biological processes of reproduction and regulation of cell growth. DEGs such as those encoding phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase 1, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase 4, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase 6, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase 9, and SNF1-related protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha KIN10, which were involved in lipid metabolism, were also enriched in those clusters.
DEGs in cluster 3, such as those involved in glycometabolism (glycogen phosphorylase 1, glycogen debranching enzyme, phosphoglucomutase-2, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, cytosolic 1), lipid metabolism (acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, hormone-sensitive lipase, phosphoglycerate kinase), amino acid metabolism (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase) were largely enriched in the metabolism of nutrient substances. In addition, genes such those encoding 40S ribosomal protein S3-3, aconitate hydratase 2, aldehyde dehydrogenase family 7 member B4, endoplasmin homolog, proteasome subunit beta type-4, shaggy-related protein kinase epsilon, and sodium/hydrogen exchanger 7, which were involved in the biological process of response to abiotic stimulus, salt stress and osmotic stress, were also increased in cluster 3.
DEGs in clusters 4 and 5, including those for calpain-D, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CHIP, SNW/SKI-interacting protein, cation/calcium exchanger 3, mitogen-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPK2), MAPK 3, MAPK 4 and serine/threonine-protein kinase AtPK1/AtPK6 were enriched in response to osmotic stress, abiotic stimuli, or salt stress. Genes for aspartic proteinase-like protein 1, aspartic proteinase-like protein 2, serine carboxypeptidase-like 47, serine carboxypeptidase-like 49, serine/threonine-protein kinase AFC1, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 4 and methionine aminopeptidase 2B, which were involved in proteolysis and protein modification process, were also increased in cluster 4.
I-antigens and proteases are recognized as major targets for vaccine development and potential drug targets in parasites, respectively. A total of nine putative I-antigens were found in our transcriptome (Additional file 1: Table S3). Two I-antigen transcripts were highly expressed in all three stages of C. irritans (RPKM > 200), and shared only 57% similarity with each other. In addition, 122 proteases were found in the transcriptome, most of which were calpain family cysteine proteases (82). Six cysteine proteases were highly expressed (RPKM > 100) in trophonts.
Eight genes were randomly selected from the transcriptome library to verify the transcription levels in each stage by qPCR. After normalizing to the EF-1β gene, the relative expression levels were presented as the fold-change relative to the tomont stage. The correlation coefficient (r) between RNA-Seq and qPCR ranged from 0.8188 to 0.9906, depending on the specific gene and reference gene (Fig. 7).
Understanding the comparative transcriptional profile of C. irritans is an essential goal for parasite physiology and the prevention of cryptocaryonosis. In this study, we performed comparative gene transcription analysis among the three life-cycle stages of C. irritans. To obtain a more complete reference transcriptome, all raw reads from the three stages were first pooled and de novo assembled. A more specific C. irritans-derived transcriptome was obtained by removing contamination from host fish and prokaryotes by comparison with a T. ovatus transcriptome database and a bacterial database. A total of 9,253 unigenes were obtained, 7,041 of which were shared by other ciliate databases. A comprehensive repertoire of gene annotation, GO function annotation, KEGG analysis, DEG, and cluster analysis was conducted.
The macronuclear genome of I. multifiliis was published in 2011  and is available as a reference database for I. multifiliis mapping. However, there is currently no available C. irritans reference database for mapping, and we therefore used the de novo method to assemble the C. irritans transcriptome. Moreover, C. irritans must be cultured in host fish, and we recently demonstrated that nonspecific cytotoxic cells receptor protein+ (NCCRP+) cells can be found inside food vacuoles in trophonts . In addition, C. irritans cannot be cultured axenically, and contamination by host RNA and/or RNA from endosymbiotic bacterium cannot be completely eliminated when preparing samples. Although oligo (dT) magnetic beads were used to enrich the eukaryotic mRNA, almost half the assembled unigenes still matched to prokaryotic genes (22,640). A similar study in I. multifiliis showed that 17.2% of ESTs in the I. multifiliis transcriptome strongly matched the genome sequence of an endosymbiotic bacterium [34, 37]. A previous report of C. irritans transcriptome data also showed that only 57% of unique transcripts matched to other ciliate species . We cannot fully explain the reason for the high proportion of prokaryote transcripts in our transcriptome, but focused on those unigenes that significantly matched to other ciliate species.
Tomonts represent a crucial stage in the life-cycle of C. irritans, ensuring continuity of the parasite. In this stage, asynchronous theronts are released from tomonts post-encystment, and the maximum yield of theronts was 122-fold in in vitro propagation under experimental conditions . DEGs in clusters 1 and 2 were more highly expressed in tomonts. Consistent with a previous report in C. irritans , GO enrichment analysis showed that DEGs in clusters 1 and 2 were enriched in the biological processes of reproduction and regulation of cell growth, which are the major biological activities in cells during the tomont stage. Some genes involved in lipid metabolism were also enriched in clusters 1 and 2. Given that tomonts cannot obtain energy substrates from the external environment, the role of lipids as the major energy substrate in tomonts needs further investigation.
Trophonts are the only parasitic stage during the life-cycle of C. irritans, and need to acquire enough energy for the forthcoming reproductive tomont stage. DEGs in cluster 3 were highly expressed in the trophont and tomont stages, and were largely enriched in the utilization of nutrient substances. For protozoan parasites, the parasitic stage is an important state for acquiring nutrition from their host, and genes involved in metabolic processes thus dominate cellular activity. A previous transcriptional analysis of the model protozoan T. thermophila demonstrated that 60 of 148 selected representative genes were upregulated in the growth stage and were involved in metabolic processes . Approximately 30% of sequences in the parasite Trypanosoma vivax showed significantly high expression levels in the bloodstream stage, and were confirmed to be genes related to metabolic processes . Transcriptomic analysis of I. multifiliis revealed that transcripts related to metabolic enzymes, including succinyl-CoA ligase, aldo/keto reductase, and glutamine synthetase, were significantly upregulated in the trophont stage . In the present study, those metabolic enzymes were also highly expressed in the trophont stage. Highly expressed unigenes (RPKM > 100, 352 unigenes) encoding metabolic enzymes may relate to the importance of energy metabolism and material exchange in the cellular activity of parasitic trophonts. The oral route is a convenient way to apply medicines, and given that trophonts are the only parasitic stage during the life-cycle of C. irritans, they represent the ideal stage at which to administer oral drugs [40, 41]. Inhibitors of the proteins involved in trophont metabolic pathways may thus provide a means of controlling this parasite infection. In addition, DEGs involved in the biological processes of response to abiotic stimuli, salt stress, and osmotic stress were also increased in cluster 3, indicating that those genes may relate to the adjustment of permeation pressure during the transition from host body to saltwater, when the trophont leaves the host fish and develops into a tomont.
Among the three life-cycle stages of C. irritans, theronts are responsible for host invasion. DEGs in clusters 4 and 5 were more highly expressed in the theront stage. DEGs in cluster 4 were enriched in response to osmotic stress, abiotic stimuli, and salt stress. The active transcription of these genes in cluster 4 may reflect a series of stress reactions in response to exposure to saltwater, and may be involved in acclimating theronts to the change in permeation pressure during the transition from tomont to saltwater. Notably, we cooled the theronts in an ice-bath for 30 min for sample preparation, which may have affected transcription. However, genes related to response to temperature stimuli did not appear to be enriched in theronts. Protein metabolism was also active in cluster 4, and DEGs involved in proteolysis and protein modification were more highly transcribed in this cluster, suggesting that efficient protein metabolism is crucial for theronts exposed to saltwater. In addition, transcripts such as those for patatin family phospholipases and mitochondrial carrier proteins, which are reportedly involved in the balance of energy usage/storage [42, 43], were highly transcribed in clusters 4 and 5. Given that theronts cannot survive for long without finding a host, it seems that theronts require a careful energy balance during host finding.
Along with the DEGs described above, some transcripts highly expressed in all three stages of C. irritans merit additional consideration. I-antigens are well-studied surface proteins in some ciliates. Although their functions remain unknown, I-antigens in I. multifiliis have been shown to elicit protective immunity in fish and have long been considered major targets for vaccine development [44, 45]. Cryptocaryon irritans has previously been shown to elicit effective host systematic and skin humoral immune responses [46–48], and some putative I-antigens have been identified in C. irritans [49–51]. Vaccination with DNA or recombinant I-antigen vaccine improved post-challenge survival by 46% . In this study, we found nine putative I-antigen transcripts in our C. irritans transcriptome, which were expressed at various levels in the three stages (Additional file 1: Table S3). Two I-antigen transcripts were highly expressed in all three stages of C. irritans (RPKM > 200), and shared only 57% similarity with each other, though a potential C-terminal GPI-modification site was predicted in both transcripts. Further studies are needed to determine if these proteins share similar functions. These newly identified I-antigens provide more potential targets for vaccine development against C. irritans.
Proteases play crucial roles in parasite infection and development. Because of the feasibility of designing specific inhibitors, proteases have long been recognized as potential drug targets in parasites [33, 52–54]. For example, the synthetic peptide GlcA-Val-Leu-Gly-Lys-NHC2H5 effectively inhibited Plasmodium falciparum schizont cysteine protease Pf 68 in vitro . α2-Macroglobulin (α2M), a non-specific protease inhibitor of endogenous and exogenous proteases, was found to be involved in the immune response to I. multifiliis in infected carp . We previously established a transcriptome database of skin, gill, spleen and head kidney for the grouper Epinephelus coioides at different time points after C. irritans infection [54, 31]. We found three α2M isoforms in groupers, all of which were significantly upregulated in grouper gill and spleen post-infection (data unpublished). However, the role of α2M in the defense against C. irritans infection remains to be demonstrated. Nevertheless, these results suggest that anti-protease drugs could be exploited to control this parasite. We identified 122 protease transcripts in our transcriptome, most of which (82 transcripts) were calpain family cysteine proteases, thus significantly expanding the range of potential therapeutic targets for protease inhibitors. Calpain family cysteine proteases appear to play important roles in C. irritans, suggesting that they should be considered as the primary protease inhibitor targets. In addition, six proteases were highly expressed (RPKM > 100) in trophonts, and only shared about 30% amino acid similarity with teleosts. This suggests that specific inhibitors against C. irritans proteases could be designed based on those unigenes.
We established a reference transcriptome of C. irritans and characterized the genes and their functional categories at each stage of the parasite's life-cycle. A total of 9,253 unigenes were generated by de novo assembly followed by removal of contamination and multiple annotations. A total of 2,470 DEGs were identified across the three life-cycle stages. DEGs enriched in tomonts were associated with cell division, while DEGs enriched in theronts were involved in response to stimuli, and DEGs enriched in trophonts were related to the accumulation of nutrients and cell growth. In addition, the identification of proteases and putative I-antigen transcripts in the transcriptome could contribute to vaccine development or drug targeting. Further studies are planned focusing on functional verification of the important DEGs in each life-cycle stage of C. irritans, with a view to developing effective vaccines or drugs to control this disease.
We acknowledge support of the Special Funds for Marine Fishery Science and Technology Promotion Project of Guangdong Province (grant No. A201501B11) to Dr. Xue-Ming Dan, Finance Supporting Specific Projects for Fish Diseases Control from the Government of Guangdong Province (grant No. YCN11H) to Dr. Yan-Wei Li and National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 31272681) to Dr. An-Xing Li.
Special Funds for Marine Fishery Science and Technology Promotion Project of Guangdong Province (grant No. A201501B11) to Dr. Xue-Ming Dan. Finance Supporting Specific Projects for Fish Diseases Control from the Government of Guangdong Province (grant No. YCN11H) to Dr. Yan-Wei Li. National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 31272681) to Dr. An-Xing Li.
The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are included within the article and its additional files. All raw reads were submitted to the Sequence Read Archive database at NCBI (SUB1416064, SUB1416075, and SUB1416142).
Conceived and designed the experiments: XMD, XCL, AXL, ZQM. Conducted the experiment: ZQM, JLW, LYN, MY, GFL. Conducted the analysis: ZQM, YWL, HQW. Wrote the paper: ZQM, YWL, YZH, YZM. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.


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Netflix's Chilling Adventures of Sabrina
– Posted on September 13, 2018Posted in: TV, TV News
Happy Birthday, Sabrina. Blow out the candles and make a witch.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Une turbine Wells est une turbine destinée à être utilisée pour produire de l'électricité à partir de l'énergie des vagues. Dans des systèmes à colonne d'eau oscillante, cette turbine évite d'avoir à redresser le sens de circulation de l'air à l'aide de systèmes de valves délicates et coûteuses.

Ce dispositif a été développé par le professeur Alan Wells de Université Queen's de Belfast à la fin des années 1980.

Caractéristiques
Elle conserve son sens de rotation malgré l'alternance de direction du flux d'air, qui est mû par la montée et la descente de la surface de l'eau dans une chambre de compression. Ses ailes ont un profil symétrique, le plan de symétrie étant dans le plan de rotation et perpendiculaire au flux d'air.

Son efficacité est plus faible que celle d'une turbine à direction d'air constante et profil d'aile asymétrique. L'une des raisons est que les ailes symétriques ont un coefficient de traînée supérieur aux ailes asymétriques, même dans des conditions optimales. Aussi, dans la turbine Wells, l'aile symétrique est utilisé avec un grand angle d'attaque (c'est-à-dire un rapport vitesse de l'aile / vitesse de l'air faible), ce qui se produit pendant le maximum de vitesse de l'air, dans un flux alternatif. Ensuite le flux d'air s'annule et la portance disparait. L'efficacité des turbines Wells en débit oscillant atteint des valeurs comprises entre 0,4 et 0,7.

Un autre inconvénient est l'impossibilité d'auto-démarrage. Pour lancer la turbine, la génératrice doit être momentanément utilisée comme moteur, ce qui consomme de l'énergie.

Une autre solution au problème posé par une turbine indépendante du sens du courant est la  dérivée des turbines à air Darrieus.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Sources

Articles connexes
 Énergie hydraulique
 Énergie des vagues

Wells
Énergie marine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


TSC assisted the owner and consulting engineer for a 100,000 square foot data center supporting revenue based customer service. The system was designed utilizing two utility services and four back-up generators. The client had two existing engine generators sets to be interfaced with two new engine generators and then paralleled with the utility services in a closed transition configuration to ensure minimal impact on the data center operations. In addition to the Russelectric paralleling control switchgear, TSC recommended and implemented CurrentTechnology SPD devices throughout the facility to protect from lightning based transients events, as well as events generated on the utility grids. Also with this project TSC implemented PDI power distribution units designed in a dual input configuration to serve downstream loads so the client could achieve maximum available uptime.


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Santa Apolonia Villa is a home with exteriors covering an area of 680m2 and interiors with a gross floor area of 280m2. The building's prime features are its spaciousness and its fluidity, ensuring spatial continuity from one room to the next and clear visual links between its different interiors.
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Inside, the kitchen stands out for the way in which everything has been concealed, giving it an uncluttered, spacious organized appearance, with a kitchen island for added functionality. For the kitchen, the Millenium collection was chosen in black, using the Flow relief-patterned decorative tile model.
Another highlight of the home is the way the walk-in closet has been integrated in the bathroom, with made-to-measure furniture and a closet suspended over the bathtub.
In short, this is design project with the watchwords on functional minimalism.


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Graham didn't try to resist.
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Cliff is an effective salesman.
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You said Herbert asked you to ask me something.
Why do you think Danielle doesn't like me?
Jackye studied the sentences all week so he should have been able to write all correctly.
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Sri doesn't mind the cold, but Kemal can't stand it.
Old beat John unconscious with a baseball bat.
Ellen was standing behind Samir.
Old likes football and music.
Mats is probably just a year or two younger than Pradeep.
I couldn't have not asked Edith this question.
Duke screamed like a woman.
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That man said his name was Raja.
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Is Debi going to be here?


If you know me well, you know that I love sugar skulls or anything that has a skull on it, so this was a perfect plant for me to start my collection with. Most of these plants were given to me by Bri, including this one. She got it for me from Trader Joes I believe, and I've had it for about 2.5 years. It hasn't grown very much since I first got it, but its happy, colorful face makes up for its lack of growth!
This plant was given to me by my mom, and it is quite an interesting one. The pot it is in has a spider across it; I think it was supposed to be Halloween themed. This plant has grown exponentially since I first got it, shooting out in all directions. The coolest part about this plant is its color change- every couple of months, the stems change from this deep green color to a reddish-purple color. The first time it happened I thought I had killed it, but after seeing it switch back and forth a couple of times now, it appears to just be part of its nature.
This little gal started out in a very small pot (the blue one that will be coming up soon!) and just didn't seem to like it very much. She lost a lot of stems and wasn't growing very much at all. With the advice of a friend, I put her in a bigger pot, and she's blossomed quite well in there. The pot she is in currently is 1 of 4 amazing pots I bought on amazon, two more will be shown later. She's a little hard to water because pouring anything on top just results in water spilling everywhere, but I love to watch her grow.
This is my triumph story, this forest right here…when it was originally given to me by Bri, once again, it was not doing well at all. It had only one little blossom, but even that was starting to die off. One day, two of the leaves got knocked off, but were still in pretty good condition. My roommate told me that if I kept them damp on a piece of paper, they might re-sprout and I can plant them again. I waited, and sure enough tiny roots began coming out of them. I replanted them and look where they are now! I know I probably shouldn't have favorites, but this is probably one of my top 3 for sure.
This little jade plant is a trooper! I got this guy right when I moved back home for the summer, after my freshman year. I laid out all of my plants on my windowsill at home and started getting back into the swing of things. About a week passes, and I realize that one of my plants is missing- my little jade! I look everywhere, and it turns out it had somehow fallen underneath my dresser and was badly bent and quite dry. I quickly propped it back onto my windowsill, repotted it into this cute small blue pot, and waited. It fortunately made a full recovery and has been growing happily since then.
These next two plants I got at the same time, and they both add uniqueness to my plant family. What I call the "Shrek's Ears" plant drew me in immediately, its shape is so interesting and fun. This one almost passed away before my winter break this year, due to an error on my part for not giving it enough water. Once I began watering it correctly, it made a full comeback and is as good as ever. The cactus was one I had to get, as I have been wanting a cactus for a while. Its sunset-esque pot makes me think of Arizona or some other beautiful desert land, and its little spores on the side have had quite a few new sprouts since I acquired it. This is my newest addition to the family, one I got just this semester at another free giveaway at my school. I have a matching one with my best friend, although I'm sure mine with outlive his. When I get home this summer, it has a beautiful ceramic pot waiting for it.
The next plant I plan to get is a rabbit's foot fern, which I will hang right next to my window in my new room. I hope that maybe my article inspired you to get a green friend to decorate your apartment or workspace with. They are insanely easy to take care of, and they brighten up any room. I can't wait to be an old plant lady with my friends!!


text:
2018, 100 min, UK, Dir: Winston Azzopardi
A fisherman sets out on his daily run only to find himself lost when a thick fog envelops his boat. But his troubles really begin when he crashes into an abandoned sailboat; trapped onboard, he must face an unknown enemy whose raison d'être seems to be his very destruction. In the leading role, Joe Azzopardi excels as the fisherman, a man whose quick thinking and seafaring experience ensure that this fight is more than even. Building on a tradition of eerie, ghostly British tales, THE BOAT is a menacing thrill ride that sets a violent survival drama against the supernatural. With brilliant cinematography and the use of practical effects over CGI, Winston Azzopardi captures the sea as a duality that can shift from serene to monstrous in a heartbeat.
Joe Azzopardi
Winston Azzopardi


text:
Personal Finance Daily
The myth of retirement, and how to score Beyoncé tickets
Published: Feb. 9, 2016 at 5:12 p.m. ET
Priya Anand
Hello, MarketWatchers.
What you should know about buying Beyoncé tickets online
Five tips.
San Francisco real estate looking like it did before dot-com crash in 2000
Sky-high rents and rising values of venture-capital deals look similar to those before the tech bust, report says.
The White House wants to teach you about online security
Coming soon to a neighborhood near you: cybersecurity tutorials, sponsored in part by the federal government.
Why retirement is a myth
We're all stuck in a system in which we are designed to fail.
A piece of John Lennon's hair is selling for $12,000
Money can't buy me love, but it can buy hair
This is how much you should spend on an engagement ring...
When it comes to engagement rings, Americans are cheap (or thrifty).
This government group wants to crack down on college financial aid cheats
There's a new group to police bad actors in higher education.
6 ways the Obama administration would make college more affordable
If Congress didn't make things more complicated, that is.
ELSEWHERE ON MARKETWATCH:
Will oil be so cheap that it won't pay to pump it out of the ground?
The recent collapse is reminiscent of a similar dive in the price of coal.
U.S. stocks end flat
U.S. stocks finished Tuesday's volatile session little changed as a rally in materials was offset by losses in the energy sector fueled by a fresh drop in oil prices amid a global stock selloff.
Why U.S. stocks could post double-digit losses this election year
The last year of a two-term presidency typically troubles the market.
5 dividend stocks that have only gotten more attractive
T. Rowe Price and Microsoft are among companies that can provide you with income for years to come, according to Phil van Doorn.
More Americans quit their jobs in December than at any time in nine years
December also had the second-highest number of jobs openings on record, while hires and quits also jumped.
'Star Wars' drives Disney to record quarterly earnings
Walt Disney Co. late Tuesday said it posted its biggest quarterly earnings ever in the first quarter on the global success of 'Star Wars: The Force Awakens."
Tom Brady has made $512 million as an NFL player — and has that $375 million contract with Fox Sports in his back pocket
The legendary quarterback just completed his 23rd season under center and will soon shift into a TV job that will make him even richer.
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I'm 66 and have $47,000 left in my 30-year mortgage. I'll be 90 when it's paid off. Should I refinance to a 15-year fixed?
'This has bugged me all my life': My estranged father gave me $1,000 a month to buy a house in California. My brother cried foul, and told me to stop. Who's right?
'I want to meet someone rich. Is that so wrong?' I'm 46, earn $210,000, and own a $700,000 home. I'm tired of dating 'losers.'


text:
Q: Microsoft Excel Autoformat Atheltic Running Numbers I'm trying to find a way to autoformat numbers in Excel so that I can type something like 21557 and see it as 2:15:57. (Yes this is a h:mm:ss format and I want to see it as this but it doesn't have to be true time. I'm not using as a calculation rather as a ranking with other runners.)
I have tried a number of ideas and all fail as Excel tries to correct the time.  I've tried the following custom formats:
h:mm:ss (this does work but I have to enter the semicolon between the numbers in order for the format to appear right plus the formula reads 2:15:57 AM for some reason)
0:00:00 is invalid
#:##:## results in 0
attempting to alter ##'.'## as #'.'##'.'## results in 21557'.''.'
trying to alter each cell as a time function is ridiculously time consuming and not feasible
Open to any and all ideas because I'm stumped.

A: Try in a new field:
=+TIME(LEFT(A1,1),MID(A1,2,2),RIGHT(A1,2))

Then apply h:mm:ss format.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Home » .News » VODKA O'CLOCK ep 1222: Interview with Jamal Igle #mollydanger
VODKA O'CLOCK ep 1222: Interview with Jamal Igle #mollydanger
.News, Audio, Interviews
Amber Love 01-AUG-2012 Today JAMAL IGLE hits the campaign trail. No, he's not ousting Mayor Bloomberg, unfortunately; his campaign trail starts in New York, heads to the interwebs, and lands in your lap with stops at comic conventions along the way. Jamal is crowdsourcing his creator-owned comic MOLLY DANGER through Kickstarter.
* Download the episode on iTunes or listen here.
It's always a good time for me to catch up with Jamal Igle whether it's at a comic con or at a shop. He's been skyping endlessly on podcasts to promote his MOLLY DANGER project. It's a truly all ages comic that will be published in graphic album format by Action Lab Entertainment. The storylines will not be just for kids but are targeted to fill the void for young readers who aren't being satisfied by the current superhero selection in comics. Parents won't be bored by the plots either. Jamal promises to make Molly an interesting character, purely good at heart and a genuine person that has life challenges she must face. The other characters will have their own development as well. Readers will cry, Jamal warned.
"I'm trying to create something I would want to see as a reader." ~JI
We chatted about superheroes and leading female characters like W.I.T.C.H. and JUNIPER LEE that didn't quite make it but showed girls kicking ass which is Jamal's goal. The networks and mainstream are too focused on things like WINX CLUB where girls with power are emo-ridden, angsty, and hung up on boys. Jamal recounts his early influences from cartoons that are far different than what's available today. The considerations of Molly's and the other characters' ethnicities was discussed with some other references in today's pop culture like Action Lab's award-winning title PRINCELESS. Jamal explains his need for crowdfunding when he has a publisher attached to MOLLY DANGER.
"The thing about Action Lab is Action Lab is a great content provider but they are a very small company and what we're doing with MOLLY is not a traditional comic or at least – it's not a monthly comic; in terms of the size of the book, Action Lab has never done a book like this before. Part of the reason why I'm raising the funds for the printing and production of the book through Kickstarter is because it's gonna be a 9 x 12 hard cover album series." ~JI
The process of making independent comics heeds listeners looking to break in that so much of a comic creator's daily routine is business administration and marketing rather than the physical making of the stories. Now that Jamal is no longer under an exclusive DC Comics contract, his works are amazingly diverse. He's working on KISS for IDW Publishing the same time as working on special covers for other projects, scripting and drawing MOLLY DANGER plus the "secret" project he'll reveal soon has an espionage edge to it.
"Had it not been during the movie [THE DARK KNIGHT RISES], he would have found some other venue to do it. His whole goal was to hurt people – to kill people. It's cute for the networks to try and make a story out of it by calling it The Batman Massacre when it has absolutely nothing to do with the movie or the content of the movie or anything else; the guy is clearly disturbed. " ~JI on the Aurora massacre
JamalIgle.com
MollyDanger.com
Jamal on Twitter
Tags: Interviews, Jamal Igle, Kickstarter, Podcast, Posts with Links
Comments Off on VODKA O'CLOCK ep 1222: Interview with Jamal Igle #mollydanger
Comic Preview: The Sea in You by Jessi Sheron
VODKA O'CLOCK 1623 @SeeBrianWrite and @JoleneHaley on #writing partnerships & #NaNoWriMo
Exxxotica 2010
Is this a copycat or a new RLSH in my NJ town? "Batman" arrested at Home Depot
Lancaster ODC Superhero Picnic 2012


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Frank Sinatra's Last Dollar
September 17, 2020 Dan Lewis Uncategorized 0
When famed entertainer Frank Sinatra died in 1998, he left behind a legacy of success met by few others. Fans bought, reportedly, more than 150 million copies of his albums, making him one of the most popular singers of his era and, for that matter, of all time. He earned 11 Grammy Awards along the way and was also a talented actor, winning the Oscar for Best Supporting Actor in 1954. And with fellow entertainers DeanMartin, Sammy Davis Jr., and the rest of the "Rat Pack," Sinatra helped establish Las Vegas as one of the world's premier entertainment destinations.
But Sinatra's life wasn't all joy and happiness; no one's is. In Sinatra's case, though, a moment of terror stuck with him for his entire life and beyond — and it's why he took his last dollar with him when he died.
In December of 1963, Sinatra's son, Frank Jr., was an up-and-coming singer in his own right. Then 19-years-old, Frank Jr. was performing at Harrah's casino and hotel in Lake Tahoe, on the Nevada/California border. On the night of December 8th, two men, Barry Keenan and Joe Amsler, were there to see the younger Sinatra, but they weren't fans. Keenan and Amsler were would-be criminals who were about to attempt one of the biggest crimes of the century: they were going to kidnap Frank Sinatra's only son. Per the FBI, "at around 9 p.m. [Sinatra Jr.] was resting in his dressing room with a friend when Keenan knocked on the door, pretending to be delivering a package. Keenan and Amsler entered, tied up Sinatra's friend with tape, and blindfolded their victim. They took him out a side door to their waiting car." The caper was on.
The kidnappers knew that the elder Sinatra had a lot of money and figured, correctly, that he'd pay handsomely to have his son released unharmed. That required getting into contact with Sinatra, and for the kidnappers, that came with the risk of their location or identities being disclosed. For some reason, Keenan and Amsler, along with their third co-conspirator John Irwin, insisted that all conversations take place via payphone, perhaps to make it harder for authorities to trace the calls.
That precaution wasn't all that effective, ultimately. The trio demanded $240,000, the equivalent of more than $2 million today. The FBI urged Frank Sr. to pay the ransom and use that as bait to catch the criminals, and the plan basically worked. The write-up on the FBI's site continues: "While Keenan and Amsler picked up the money, Irwin had gotten nervous and decided to free the victim. Sinatra, Jr. was found in Bel Air after walking a few miles and alerting a security guard. To avoid the press, he was put in the trunk of the guard's patrol car and taken to his mother Nancy's home. [. . .] Meanwhile, with the FBI's progress being recounted in the press, the criminals felt the noose tightening. Irwin broke first, spilling the beans to his brother, who called the FBI office in San Diego. Hours later, Keenan and Amsler were captured, and nearly all of the ransom was recovered." A happy-ish ending for everyone but the bad guys.
The trauma of almost losing a son, though, stayed with Frank Sinatra. For the rest of his life, he carried with him $1 in dimes. His daughter Tina explained why to Larry King (via the Associated Press): "He never wanted to get caught not able to make a phone call. He always carried 10 dimes."
When Frank Sr. passed away in 1998, his family made sure that those dimes would never leave him. As Smithsonian notes, "The 'My Way' singer was buried his way, with a bottle of Jack Daniel's whiskey, a pack of Camel cigarettes, a Zippo lighter, and a dollar's worth of dimes."
Bonus fact: Dimes and quarters aren't worth the same amount and they aren't the same size or shape, either, or for that matter, the same weight. A dime weighs 2.268 grams; a quarter weighs 5.67 grams. But if you want a dollar of either, they're more identical than you think: not only are ten dimes worth the same amount as four quarters, but they also weigh the same as well. A dollar of each weighs in at 22.68 grams.
From the Archives: Why (Some) Coins Have Ridges: You know, like dimes.


text:
NCAAFNCAAF
Transfer TrackerTransfer Tracker
College Football PlayoffCollege Football Playoff
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Campus ConversationCampus Conversation
Capital One Bowl ManiaCapital One Bowl Mania
Heisman WatchHeisman Watch
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SEC NetworkSEC Network
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U-M's Hutchinson: 'Betrayal' with Mattison to OSU
96dTom VanHaaren
ACC Atlantic preview: Welcome to Clemson's world
Big 12 preview: The Oklahoma QB machine adds Jalen Hurts
The petty, wonderful and delightfully weird rise of Horns Down
6dDave Wilson
The complete SEC East college football season preview
The complete SEC West college football season preview
15 NFL draft prospects to know for 2021, 2022 and 2023
6dTom VanHaaren
The top NFL draft prospect for each Top 25 college football team
2020 NFL mock draft: McShay's way-too-early first-round projections
77dTodd McShay
Delany critical of CFP selection committee
2hAdam Rittenberg
Saban, Alabama need to stop making excuses and give Clemson credit
2hAlex Scarborough
Ex-Mississippi St. coach Sherrill settles lawsuit
Fisher, Aggies score big with No. 1 QB recruit
20hGerry Hamilton
Tom VanHaarenESPN Staff Writer
Graduated from Central Michigan
When Michigan defensive end Aidan Hutchinson saw that new Ohio State co-defensive coordinator Greg Mattison called the Wolverines "the team up north," he took it personally.
The sophomore defensive end tweeted a snake emoji, implying that his former defensive line coach had betrayed him and the Wolverines defense.
Hutchinson explained his emotions on Saturday after Michigan's spring game, saying that Mattison meant a lot to him and packing up to coach with the Wolverines' rival was something he couldn't stomach.
"Coach Matty, you know, he taught me so much when I got here, and I'm not taking any of that away from him," Hutchinson said. "But you get a big feeling of betrayal. He told me he was either retiring or he's renewing his contract, so I'm like, 'Oh, OK.'
No decision on Ohio State QB after spring game
College football spring games: How to watch, what to expect
"I thought he was leaving. I was like, 'Oh, OK, whatever.' Then he said Ohio State. That kind of makes your stomach, you know, turn a little bit."
Mattison coached Hutchinson and Hutchinson's father, Chris, who was an All-American defensive lineman in the 1990s. The family has history with Mattison, so Hutchinson was upset when his coach decided to leave for the Buckeyes and further wounded by Mattison's quote calling Michigan "the team up north."
Fellow defensive lineman Donovan Jeter was also upset by the move, but he wasn't as vocal about his reaction to Mattison's decision. Jeter initially offered a no comment when asked about his former defensive line coach, but he eventually opened up as to why he was upset.
"I'm a lot less filtered than Aidan," Jeter said. "I don't want to say anything bad about Matty because I messed up a lot off the field, and he kept his faith in me. Matty could've just [been like], 'I'm done with this kid.' But he brought me along, he showed me how to play, how to stop the run, how to be a professional.
"But doing what he did, I can't. No comment. No comment."
Greg Mattison coached at Michigan for a combined 13 years between two stints. He is now Ohio State's co-defensive coordinator. Lon Horwedel/Icon SMI
That coaching change has left a salty taste in the players' mouths, but not every offseason move has had a negative impact.
Players are singing the praises of offensive coordinator Josh Gattis, who they say has brought a new energy to the locker room and has revitalized the offense. Gattis has brought a speed-in-space mentality and has vowed to modernize Michigan's offense.
Starting quarterback Shea Patterson said he was excited when he first found out Gattis was the new offensive coordinator, quickly read up on Gattis and had seen the impact he had at Penn State and Alabama.
"As soon as he came in, day one, just got with the installs and looked it over with him, and I just couldn't wait to get on the field," Patterson said.
Quarterback Dylan McCaffrey went as far as saying the offense needed a change, and Gattis has brought a new mindset to what it is doing.
"I'm really enjoying it," McCaffrey said. "I think we're moving at a much faster pace. I think the offense has a lot more energy. I love it. I think come season time, it gives a lot of our players an opportunity to make plays that necessarily didn't get any."
Besides bringing energy and new opportunities, bringing in Josh Gattis meant there were fewer people involved with the offense and its strategy. Coach Jim Harbaugh said the reins would be handed over to Gattis, and he would have complete control of the offense going forward.
That was a big difference from the past, when multiple coaches, including Harbaugh, had a say in what the offense looked like and what plays were called on game day.
That streamlining of duties has resonated with the players and has already made a difference in how they're learning and implementing the system.
"I think it's easier for everyone when you got a clear-cut guy, you know who the coach is," Patterson said. "In Coach Pep (Hamilton)'s defense from last year, there were so many other coaches had their hand in and input. I think you have Coach Gattis coming in, he's running it, you trust him, and let's go."


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Siege Perilous, how does it work?
No Trammel facet, but our Felucca uses Trammel rules.
Skill points for skills between 70 and 79.9 points will have a delay of 5 minutes between points gained.
Skill points for skills between 80 and 89.9 will have a delay of 8 minutes between points gained.
Skill points for skills between 90 and 99.9 will have a delay of 12 minutes between points gained.
Skill points for skills between 100 and 109.9 will have a delay of 15 minutes between points gained.
Skill points for skills between 110 and 120 will have a delay of 15 minutes between points gained.
Players will be allowed to gain 45 stat points a day.
Shopkeeper NPCs do not buy items from players, EVER.
Re: Siege Perilous, how does it work?
Its a dream shard ruleset! thx admin for the service.


text:
Q: Why does the output of struct.pack depend on the order of the items? I'm trying to pack an epoch with a string & I can't figure out why the number of bytes depends on the order I do the packing in. Unfortunately I'm not getting any replies on the relevant microcontroller forum https://forum.pycom.io/topic/6761/struct
If I convert a character to bytes I get 1 byte:
>>> bytes=struct.pack('s', 'F'); print(bytes, len(bytes))
b'F' 1

If I convert an epoch to bytes I get 4 bytes:
>>> bytes=struct.pack('I', 1611017052); print(bytes, len(bytes))
b'\\+\x06`' 4

How come when I do both together I get 8 instead of 4+1=5 ??
>>> bytes=struct.pack('sI', 'F', 1611017052); print(bytes, len(bytes))
b'F\x00\x00\x00\\+\x06`' 8

but this way I get the 5 I expect?
>>> bytes=struct.pack('Is', 1611017052, 'F'); print(bytes, len(bytes))
b'\\+\x06`F' 5

why is a different packing sequence giving different numbers of bytes?

A: It is a question of alignment. By default, struct packs according to standard C language conventions. This means that integers which are 4 bytes long are aligned on 4 byte boundaries. The start of the structure buffer is already aligned, so putting an integer first cause no padding. Putting a character first changes the offset to 1, so 3 bytes of padding are needed to get to a 4 byte boundary for a following integer.
This sort of padding is usually desirable, as some architectures may not allow the cpu to do an unaligned integer access, and others may do so much more slowly than an aligned access.
You can override the alignment by beginning the format with =:
bytes = struct.pack('=sI', b'F', 1611017052)


text:
Classic alternative is a radio format focusing on alternative music from the late 1970s to early 1990s, with particular focus on the early days of MTV.

Typical genres
 New wave: A major part of this category, especially early bands like The Cars, The Police, Blondie, Devo and Talking Heads.
 Power pop: Bands such as The Knack, The Smithereens and The Romantics are often included in this category.
 College rock: The major building block of American alternative rock, and thus artists in that genre are played often. The early works of R.E.M. (in particular), The Replacements and They Might Be Giants usually show up on classic alternative stations.
 Post-punk and British alternative/indie rock: Common on many classic alternative stations, and often added for variety. Artists include New Order, Public Image Limited and The Smiths.
 Gothic rock and dark wave: Bands such as The Cure, Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and Killing Joke.
 Grunge: Sometimes played on classic alternative stations, but more often found on modern rock stations. Includes artists such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, Stone Temple Pilots and Pearl Jam.
 Synthpop: Bands such as Duran Duran, Depeche Mode and Pet Shop Boys and songs like "I Ran (So Far Away)" by A Flock of Seagulls and "Take On Me" by a-ha are essential on classic alternative stations.
 Dream pop and shoegaze: Bands such as Cocteau Twins, My Bloody Valentine, Slowdive, Ride, and The Jesus and Mary Chain. Uncommon, and depends on the amount of post-punk played on the station.
 New Romantic: Bands such as Spandau Ballet and Adam and the Ants.
 Ska revival: Bands such as Madness and The English Beat.
 Indie pop and modern indie rock: Artists including Aztec Camera, Sonic Youth and Orange Juice.
Punk: Bands including Ramones and The Clash.

Background
Some stations with an "all-'80s" format have added elements of the 1980s and '90s classic alternative format to their regular playlist. Cox's KHPT in Houston and WPOI in Tampa are prime examples of all-'80s stations that heavily relied on artists such as Peter Schilling, The Cranberries and New Order. KHPT flipped to a classic alternative format after its run as an all-'80s station. The same goes for KJAQ in Seattle, one of the first stations in the country to try this format.

Digital cable music service Music Choice (originally DMX) provided a station labelled New Wave for several years. The station was later renamed "Retro-Active", and later Classic Alternative, all of which played seventies to eighties new wave, post-punk, synthpop, etc. After several years, the station filtered in 1990s (and even sometimes post-millennium) artists. However, an artist like David Bowie can often fit in classic alternative because he meets the criteria.

SiriusXM offers a classic alternative station, 1st Wave, which was launched in 2008 following the merger between Sirius and XM and replaced similar stations on both services.

In September 2006, KLO-FM in Salt Lake City became "103-1 the Wave" with a classic alternative format.

In February 2022, XETRA-FM in San Diego relaunched as a mostly-classic alternative station, though still playing a few current songs.

In August 2022, WOLT in Indianapolis changed its playlist to entirely classic alternative.

In December 2022, WNNX in Atlanta resurrected the "99X" brand on 100.5 FM with an entirely classic alternative playlist.

References

Radio formats
1970s in music
1980s in music
1990s in music
2000s in music
2010s in music
Rock radio formats


"The best ITV content now on your mobile or tablet"
App description: Follow the programs of the English channel ITV. Includes their complete programming guide.
Functions: Includes the full channel guide, sports programs and events, and includes exclusive videos for online viewers.
How to use: Register, check the calendar, and watch the videos.
Installation requirements: A minimum of 15M of free memory space and Android 4.1 or higher.
Ranking: The TOP 10 Most downloaded applications in TV category.
Great picture quality and sound.
Most of the content is in English.
Do you like ITV Player?


Warwick, R.I.--The Jewelers Board of Trade just announced the results of its annual elections, held during meetings in February and March.
Todd Wolleman, of Leo Wolleman, Inc. in New York, was elected to a one-year term as chairman of the JBT Board.
Wolleman recently chaired the search process to select a new president and CEO to replace Dione Kenyon, who has announced she will retire from the JBT this year as soon as a replacement is found.
First vice chairman is Michael Kaplan of Rocket Jewelry Box Inc. in Bronx, N.Y., while Ann Arnold, of Norwood, N.J.-based Arnold Advisory Group, was elected to serve as second vice chairwoman.
Kenyon remains the organization's president and was elected treasurer while Brenda M. Pimentel retains her post as secretary.
Richard Katz of Samuel Aaron Inc. was appointed to the JBT Executive Committee.
Newly elected to the board for a two-year term were Ira Bergman, president of The Gordon Company Inc.; Lux Bond & Green Chief Financial Officer David Bonney; and Nilesh Sheth, president of Forever Collections Inc. in New York.
Re-elected to the board for a period of two years were: Arnold, Anthony Capuano of HSBC Bank USA, Edward DeCristofaro of LDC Inc., Roderick Lichtenfels of W. R. Cobb Company, Richard Weisenfeld of East Greenwich, R.I. and Wolleman.
Newly elected to the organization's Advisory Board for a two-year term was Phyllis Bergman of Mercury Ring, while Richard Greenwood of A. F. Greenwood Co. Inc. and F. Daniel Pharr of Pharr Valuation & Business Svcs. LLC were re-elected.
-- Pinny Rubin of Quality Gold Inc. in Fairfield, Ohio.


I want to clear up a misconception about the DePuy hip replacement recall: There is no need to wait for a recall letter if you want to file a personal injury claim. This is an understandable misconception since some people may be thinking that it has to be in writing that their DePuy hip replacement was defective. This is not the case.
If you suffered adverse side effects from your DePuy hip replacement or were told to get a new hip replacement due to the massive DePuy recall, then you may have grounds to pursue legal action.
You may be wondering what type of compensation you may be entitled to if you decided to pursue legal action. To be honest, we cannot say for sure until we examine your situation more in-depth.
That is why speaking with an attorney to consider your legal options is highly recommended. The type of adverse effects suffered will play a role in calculating compensation along with the amount of medical bills accrued to get a new hip replacement device.
But again, actually sitting down and talking to a lawyer is the best course of action.


text:
By Scott August 04, 2019 0 comments
What to read about running this August
Heading off on holiday soon? Maybe you've been and trying to hold on to those relaxing days (in between running and other things!) by reading. But what is there to read this month?
We've picked out 5 from the Amazon best sellers charts that are running related...
The Pants of Perspective
Anna was never anything like those 'real' runners on telly – all spindly limbs, tiny shorts and split times – but when she read about New Zealand's 3,000-kilometre-long Te Araroa Trail, she began to wonder… perhaps being a 'real' runner was overrated. Maybe she could just run it anyway?
The Pants of Perspective is a witty, colourful and at times painfully raw account of a journey to the edge of what a woman believes herself to be capable of. It is a coming-of-age story which will lead you on a roller coaster ride through fear, vulnerability, courage and failure. For anyone who has ever dreamt of taking on a great challenge, but felt too afraid to begin – this story is for you.
Buy The Pants of Perspective
Jog On: How Running Saved My Life
Divorced and struggling with deep-rooted mental health problems, Bella Mackie ended her twenties in tears. She could barely find the strength to get off the sofa, let alone piece her life back together. Until one day she did something she had never done of her own free will – she pulled on a pair of trainers and went for a run.
This funny, moving and motivational book will encourage you to say 'jog on' to your problems and get your life back on track – no matter how small those first steps may be.
Buy Jog On: How Running Saved My Life
Born to Run: The hidden tribe, the ultra-runners, and the greatest race the world has ever seen
At the heart of Born to Run lies a mysterious tribe of Mexican Indians, the Tarahumara, who live quietly in canyons and are reputed to be the best distance runners in the world; in 1993, one of them, aged 57, came first in a prestigious 100-mile race wearing a toga and sandals.
With incredible energy and smart observation, McDougall tells this story while asking what the secrets are to being an incredible runner. Travelling to labs at Harvard, Nike, and elsewhere, he comes across an incredible cast of characters, including the woman who recently broke the world record for 100 miles and for her encore ran a 2:50 marathon in a bikini, pausing to down a beer at the 20 mile mark.
Buy Born to Run
Running Like a Girl
Alexandra Heminsley had high hopes: the arse of an athlete, the waist of a supermodel, the speed of a gazelle. Defeated by gyms and bored of yoga, she decided to run.
Her first attempt did not end well.
Six years later, she has run five marathons in two continents.
Very funny, very honest and very emotional, whether you're in serious training or thinking about running for the bus, this is a book for anyone who after wine and crisps for supper a few too many times thinks they might . . . just might . . .
Buy Running Like a Girl
Your Pace or Mine?
Lisa Jackson is a surprising cheerleader for the joys of running. Formerly a committed fitness-phobe, she became a marathon runner at 31, and ran her first 56-mile ultramarathon aged 41. And unlike many runners, Lisa's not afraid to finish last – in fact, she's done so in 20 of the 90-plus marathons she's completed so far.
But this isn't just Lisa's story, it's also that of the extraordinary people she's met along the way – tutu-clad fun-runners, octogenarians, 250-mile ultrarunners – whose tales of loss and laughter are sure to inspire you just as much as they've inspired her.
Your Pace or Mine? is proof that running really isn't about the time you do, but the time you have!
Buy Your Pace or Mine?
*This blog post contains affiliate links to Amazon. We may earn a few pennies if you buy using these links that will help us improve our services and products. You are under no obligation to buy.


text:
Q: What advantage does Monad give us over an Applicative? I've read this article, but didn't understand last section.
The author says that Monad gives us context sensitivity, but it's possible to achieve the same result using only an Applicative instance:
let maybeAge = (\futureYear birthYear -> if futureYear < birthYear
    then yearDiff birthYear futureYear
    else yearDiff futureYear birthYear) <$> (readMay futureYearString) <*> (readMay birthYearString)

It's uglier for sure without do-syntax, but beside that I don't see why we need Monad. Can anyone clear this up for me?

A: With Applicative, the sequence of effectful actions to be performed is fixed at compile-time. With Monad, it can be varied at run-time based on the results of effects.
For example, with an Applicative parser, the sequence of parsing actions is fixed for all time. That means that you can potentially perform "optimisations" on it. On the other hand, I can write a Monadic parser which parses some a BNF grammar description, dynamically constructs a parser for that grammar, and then runs that parser over the rest of the input. Every time you run this parser, it potentially constructs a brand new parser to parse the second portion of the input. Applicative has no hope of doing such a thing - and there is no chance of performing compile-time optimisations on a parser that doesn't exist yet...
As you can see, sometimes the "limitation" of Applicative is actually beneficial - and sometimes the extra power offered by Monad is required to get the job done. This is why we have both.

A: Here's a couple of functions that use the Monad interface.
ifM :: Monad m => m Bool -> m a -> m a -> m a
ifM c x y = c >>= \z -> if z then x else y

whileM :: Monad m => (a -> m Bool) -> (a -> m a) -> a -> m a
whileM p step x = ifM (p x) (step x >>= whileM p step) (return x)

You can't implement them with the Applicative interface. But for the sake of enlightenment, let's try and see where things go wrong.  How about..
import Control.Applicative

ifA :: Applicative f => f Bool -> f a -> f a -> f a
ifA c x y = (\c' x' y' -> if c' then x' else y') <$> c <*> x <*> y

Looks good!  It has the right type, it must be the same thing!  Let's just check to make sure..
*Main> ifM (Just True) (Just 1) (Just 2)
Just 1
*Main> ifM (Just True) (Just 1) (Nothing)
Just 1
*Main> ifA (Just True) (Just 1) (Just 2)
Just 1
*Main> ifA (Just True) (Just 1) (Nothing)
Nothing

And there's your first hint at the difference. You can't write a function using just the Applicative interface that replicates ifM.
If you divide this up into thinking about values of the form f a as being about "effects" and "results" (both of which are very fuzzy approximate terms that are the best terms available, but not very good), you can improve your understanding here. In the case of values of type Maybe a, the "effect" is success or failure, as a computation. The "result" is a value of type a that might be present when the computation completes. (The meanings of these terms depends heavily on the concrete type, so don't think this is a valid description of anything other than Maybe as a type.)
Given that setting, we can look at the difference in a bit more depth. The Applicative interface allows the "result" control flow to be dynamic, but it requires the "effect" control flow to be static. If your expression involves 3 computations that can fail, the failure of any one of them causes the failure of the whole computation. The Monad interface is more flexible. It allows the "effect" control flow to depend on the "result" values. ifM chooses which argument's "effects" to include in its own "effects" based on its first argument. This is the huge fundamental difference between ifA and ifM.
There's something even more serious going on with whileM. Let's try to make whileA and see what happens.
whileA :: Applicative f => (a -> f Bool) -> (a -> f a) -> a -> f a
whileA p step x = ifA (p x) (whileA p step <*> step x) (pure x)

Well..  What happens is a compile error. (<*>) doesn't have the right type there. whileA p step has the type a -> f a and step x has the type f a. (<*>) isn't the right shape to fit them together.  For it to work, the function type would need to be f (a -> a).
You can try lots more things - but you'll eventually find that whileA has no implementation that works anything even close to the way whileM does. I mean, you can implement the type, but there's just no way to make it both loop and terminate.
Making it work requires either join or (>>=). (Well, or one of the many equivalents of one of those) And those the extra things you get out of the Monad interface.

A: If you try to convert the type signature of Monad's bind and Applicative <*> to natural language, you will find that:
bind : I will give you the contained value and you will return me a new packaged value
<*>: You give me a packaged function that accepts a contained value and return a value and I will use it to create new packaged value based on my rules.
Now as you can see from the above description, bind gives you more control as compared to <*>

A: If you work with Applicatives, the "shape" of the result is already determined by the "shape" of the input, e.g. if you call [f,g,h] <*> [a,b,c,d,e], your result will be a list of 15 elements, regardless which values the variables have. You don't have this guarantee/limitation with monads. Consider [x,y,z] >>= join replicate: For [0,0,0] you'll get the result [], for [1,2,3] the result [1,2,2,3,3,3].

A: With monads, subsequent effects can depend on previous values. For example, you can have:
main = do
    b <- readLn :: IO Bool
    if b
      then fireMissiles
      else return ()

You can't do that with Applicatives - the result value of one effectfull computation can't determine what effect will follow.
Somewhat related:

*

*Why can applicative functors have side effects, but functors can't?

*Good examples of Not a Functor/Functor/Applicative/Monad?

A: As Stephen Tetley said in a comment, that example doesn't actually use context-sensitivity.  One way to think about context-sensitivity is that it lets use choose which actions to take depending on monadic values.  Applicative computations must always have the same "shape", in a certain sense, regardless of the values involved; monadic computations need not.  I personally think this is easier to understand with a concrete example, so let's look at one.  Here's two versions of a simple program which ask you to enter a password, check that you entered the right one, and print out a response depending on whether or not you did.
import Control.Applicative

checkPasswordM :: IO ()
checkPasswordM = do putStrLn "What's the password?"
                    pass <- getLine
                    if pass == "swordfish"
                      then putStrLn "Correct.  The secret answer is 42."
                      else putStrLn "INTRUDER ALERT!  INTRUDER ALERT!"

checkPasswordA :: IO ()
checkPasswordA =   if' . (== "swordfish")
               <$> (putStrLn "What's the password?" *> getLine)
               <*> putStrLn "Correct.  The secret answer is 42."
               <*> putStrLn "INTRUDER ALERT!  INTRUDER ALERT!"

if' :: Bool -> a -> a -> a
if' True  t _ = t
if' False _ f = f

Let's load this into GHCi and check what happens with the monadic version:
*Main> checkPasswordM
What's the password?
swordfish
Correct.  The secret answer is 42.
*Main> checkPasswordM
What's the password?
zvbxrpl
INTRUDER ALERT!  INTRUDER ALERT!

So far, so good.  But if we use the applicative version:
*Main> checkPasswordA
What's the password?
hunter2
Correct.  The secret answer is 42.
INTRUDER ALERT!  INTRUDER ALERT!

We entered the wrong password, but we still got the secret!  And an intruder alert!  This is because <$> and <*>, or equivalently liftAn/liftMn, always execute the effects of all their arguments.  The applicative version translates, in do notation, to
do pass  <- putStrLn "What's the password?" *> getLine)
   unit1 <- putStrLn "Correct.  The secret answer is 42."
   unit2 <- putStrLn "INTRUDER ALERT!  INTRUDER ALERT!"
   pure $ if' (pass == "swordfish") unit1 unit2

And it should be clear why this has the wrong behavior.  In fact, every use of applicative functors is equivalent to monadic code of the form
do val1 <- app1
   val2 <- app2
   ...
   valN <- appN
   pure $ f val1 val2 ... valN

(where some of the appI are allowed to be of the form pure xI).  And equivalently, any monadic code in that form can be rewritten as
f <$> app1 <*> app2 <*> ... <*> appN

or equivalently as
liftAN f app1 app2 ... appN

To think about this, consider Applicative's methods:
pure  :: a -> f a
(<$>) :: (a -> b) -> f a -> f b
(<*>) :: f (a -> b) -> f a -> f b

And then consider what Monad adds:
(=<<) :: (a -> m b) -> m a -> m b
join  :: m (m a) -> m a

(Remember that you only need one of those.)
Handwaving a lot, if you think about it, the only way we can put together the applicative functions is to construct chains of the form f <$> app1 <*> ... <*> appN, and possibly nest those chains (e.g., f <$> (g <$> x <*> y) <*> z).  However, (=<<) (or (>>=)) allows us to take a value and produce different monadic computations depending on that value, that could be constructed on the fly.  This is what we use to decide whether to compute "print out the secret", or compute "print out an intruder alert", and why we can't make that decision with applicative functors alone; none of the types for applicative functions allow you to consume a plain value.
You can think about join in concert with fmap in a similar way: as I mentioned in a comment, you can do something like
checkPasswordFn :: String -> IO ()
checkPasswordFn pass = if pass == "swordfish"
                         then putStrLn "Correct.  The secret answer is 42."
                         else putStrLn "INTRUDER ALERT!  INTRUDER ALERT!"

checkPasswordA' :: IO (IO ())
checkPasswordA' = checkPasswordFn <$> (putStrLn "What's the password?" *> getLine)

This is what happens when we want to pick a different computation depending on the value, but only have applicative functionality available us.  We can pick two different computations to return, but they're wrapped inside the outer layer of the applicative functor.  To actually use the computation we've picked, we need join:
checkPasswordM' :: IO ()
checkPasswordM' = join checkPasswordA'

And this does the same thing as the previous monadic version (as long as we import Control.Monad first, to get join):
*Main> checkPasswordM'
What's the password?
12345
INTRUDER ALERT!  INTRUDER ALERT!

A: On the other hand, here's a a practical example of the Applicative/Monad divide where Applicatives have an advantage: error handling! We clearly have a Monad implementation of Either that carries along errors, but it always terminates early.
Left e1 >> Left e2    ===   Left e1

You can think of this as an effect of intermingling values and contexts. Since (>>=) will try to pass the result of the Either e a value to a function like a -> Either e b, it must fail immediately if the input Either is Left.
Applicatives only pass their values to the final pure computation after running all of the effects. This means they can delay accessing the values for longer and we can write this.
data AllErrors e a = Error e | Pure a deriving (Functor)

instance Monoid e => Applicative (AllErrors e) where
  pure = Pure
  (Pure f) <*> (Pure x) = Pure (f x)
  (Error e) <*> (Pure _) = Error e
  (Pure _) <*> (Error e) = Error e
  -- This is the non-Monadic case
  (Error e1) <*> (Error e2) = Error (e1 <> e2)

It's impossible to write a Monad instance for AllErrors such that ap matches (<*>) because (<*>) takes advantage of running both the first and second contexts before using any values in order to get both errors and (<>) them together. Monadic (>>=) and (join) can only access contexts interwoven with their values. That's why Either's Applicative instance is left-biased, so that it can also have a harmonious Monad instance.
> Left "a" <*> Left "b"
Left 'a'

> Error "a" <*> Error "b"
Error "ab"

A: Now that ApplicativeDo extension become pretty common thing, the difference between Monad and Applicative can be illustrated using simple code snippet.
With Monad you can do
do
   r1 <- act1
   if r1
        then act2
        else act3

but having only Applicative do-block, you can't use if on things you've pulled out with <-.


What's cooking NCT Sunday 5/14/2017 - Saturday 5/20/2017?
We had meatloaf, mashies, and peas and carrots for Saturday's dinner.
Re: What's cooking NCT Sunday 5/7/2017 - Saturday 5/13/2017?
Decided to give "High Tides" a second shot, even tho' we were burned the first time, when their "Filet" turned out to be a sirloin cut that everybody else calls a "Baseball Steak".
The Warden's "Blackened Red Snapper" was terribly over-cooked, again with none of the bite a "Blackened" seasoning should have. Matter of fact, the only "Blackening" that took place was the leading edge of the cut, which was black, hard like kindling.
..........Should have went to Red Lobster; the food would have been better, and the bill would have been less !
The Cheesecake Factory is on the itinerary today - First visit for us !
Chili Cheese Dogs, Curly Fries w/ Sriracha Ketchup, Mexi-Corn with peas.
And a Salad, of course !
Last edited by Luckytrim; 05-14-2017 at 09:15 AM.
Save room for some Godiva cheesecake!
I'm cooking Salisbury steak, mashed potatoes, gravy and corn planned.
I had round two of Mama's Day dinner out at Applebee's.
The Cajun pork chop with apple chutney and maple butter, pecan mashed sweet potato and broccoli.
Wow, that thing was half the size of the one shown on the menu.
Thick, but 5 bites and it was gone.
Cheesecake Factory for Mother's Day !
........But I've had a realization that all of my Dining Out info doesn't belong in "What's Cooking", so in future, those posts will be in the "Dining Out" Forum !
Gotta do a roast today- Thawed it out for yesterday's dinner, until we were invited out, so, a rare Monday roast !
Just curious, does whoever it is that moves posts around actually read them before moving, or just look at dates. The first 2 posts in this thread were for Saturday night dinners, the 13th, and were originally posted on last week's thread. Mine even states that it was Saturday night's dinner, besides the fact that I don't generally talk about dinner in the past tense at 9:04 a.m.
Anyway, Sunday, Dogboa spent most of the day making boudin sausage. I helped him get it stuffed and we also kept some bulk. Since I did a lot of cooking Saturday, 2 meals and a dessert, he also made dinner, chicken marsala over pasta.
For dinner tonight, Monday, we'll have sliders made from some leftover porchetta that's been in the freezer. It will be thin sliced on the meat slicer, with caramelized onions and melted gruyere cheese with some kind of potato. Don't know if I'll make some chips or hand cut fries yet, we'll see. I'm getting ready to head outside and do some plant work and then start cleaning the house.
Maybe the What's Cooking threads should be changed to What's For Dinner etc, that way when those of us members here don't always cook or have pictures to share don't feel left out.
That is Great Idea Sass. I have never been to Cheesecake Factory, & we have many of them here in the San Francisco Bay Area. Because of Lucky's post. I'll try them out. "WHAT'S FOR DINNER IS A GOOD IDEA."
curiously, I've had two Cheesecake Factory visits. the first was strictly for 'let's have a slice' - i.e. just a dessert thing.
then we did a meal thing. that didn't go so well. but keep in mind it's a chain, I suppose franchises? so quality / service / etc can vary widely 'on the same menu' - a truism I've found holds for a lotta' chain places. and things change - we went to a local Cheddar's - it was great. went back 4-5 months later, it was terrible.
I forgot about the roasted vege mayo that goes on the porchetta sliders, besides the gruyere and caramelized onions. We ended up with homemade potato chips.
Last time I went to Cheddar's I got the chicken tenders.
Now those things were huge, I mean like a whole chicken breast cut in half and breaded huge.
Tonight it was a simple shrimp salad in bibb lettuce cups.
We had minestrone I started Saturday, froze half of it, then finished up the rest by adding more broth and pasta. Dogboa made garlic toasts.
I've got a roast in the crock pot and planning on some oven roasted potatoes, onions,carrots, and some gravy. It's been so long since I've had gravy.
Wednesday night was truffled (oil) crawfish mac and cheese. Cheeses were fontina and gruyere, with parm in the panko topping.
He who calls me Aunt Lollie made us dinner tonight, along with one of his friends.
Oven ribs wrapped in foil and cooked at 275 'til they fell off the bone. then brushed with Heinz Kansas City Sweet and Smoky sauce.
He also cooked some pasta, then made a cold salad ahead of time with cuke, onion and ranch dressing.
Thank you Mike and Cruz!
Friday night's dinner was wild rice, corn, carrot, onion, garlic, andouille sausage soup. It was really good.
Peep, please tell us how you ended up doing your turkey breast.
Sorry no photos. The camera battery was dead.
I will try to write it up asap and post a thread.
It was good. Tasted better the second day.
Ground beef in brown gravy over buttered garlic/parsley noodles.
Chili with Penzey spices and cornbread. Cold rainy day here.