A map is a two-dimensional or flat-scale model of Earth's surface, or a portion of it.
A two-dimensional or flat-scale model of the Earth's surface, or a portion of it.
is a two-dimensional or flat-scale of earth's surface or a portion of it.
two dimensional or flat scale model or a flat scale model of earth's surface or a portion of it.
A flat-scale model of Earth's surface, or portion of it.
A map is a 2d or flat scale model of earths surface or a portion of it.
A 2D or flat-scale model of Earth's surface or a portion of it.
a two-dimensional or flat-surface model of Earth's surface or a portion of it.
A two-dimentional or flat scale model of Earth's surface or a portion of it.
A two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it.
A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic.
A place is a specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic.
a specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular feature.
A region is an area of Earth distinguished by a distinctive combination of cultural and physical features.
is an area of Earth distinguished by distinctive by a distinctive combination of cultural and physical features.
A region is an area of Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic.
An area of Earth distinguished by a combination of cultural and physical characteristics.
The system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map.
The relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole.
a scale is the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole.
The relationship between the portion of Earth bring studied and the Earth as a whole.
Earth being studied and the Earth as a whole.
Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole; specifically, the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface.
Refers to the physical gap or interval between two objects.
Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.
Relationships among people and connects across the barrier of space.
Are made by associating information with, and in contrast to, other information.
The spread of something over a given area.
The art of map making.
The study of maps and their production.
The science of map making.
refers to the relationship of a feature's size on a map to its actual size on Earth.
scale refers to the relationship of a feature's size on a map to its actual size on Earth.
Refers to the relations of a feature's size on a map to its actual size on Earth.
the degree to which a map zooms in on an area.
A representation of the Earth's rounded surface on a flat piece of paper.
The system used to transfer locations form Earth's surface to a flat map.
Transferring locations on Earth's surface to a flat map.
A representation of Earth's surface on a flat piece of paper.
There are two types, one is Robinson projection and the other is Mercator. Robinson is for getting info across oceans and Mercator is for a variety of things.
A projection is the scientific method of transferring locations on Earth's surface to a flat map.
The science of transferring locations on Earth to a flat map.
is a representation of one thing onto another, such as a curved 3-Dimensional surface (like the Earth) onto a flat 2-Dimensional map.
The presentation of an image on a surface, especially a movie screen.
A law that divided much of the United States into townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers.
The division of the country into a system of townships and ranges to facilitate the sale of land to settlers in the west.
Law passed by Congress that allowed for sales of land in the Northwest Territory and set up standards for land sale that became precedents. Among them was the idea of selling mile-square sections of land.
It divided up the country into a system of townships and ranges to facilitate the sale of land to settlers in the West. Thomas Hutchins initially surveyed the land and was replaced by the Surveyor General in 1789 after his death.
the United States divided much of the country into a system of townships and ranges to facilitate the sale of land to settlers in the west.
Divided much of the country into a system of townships and ranges to facilitate the sale of land to settlers in the West.
divided much of the country into townships and ranges to facilitate the sale of land to settlers in the west.
Divided much of the U.S. into a system of townships and ranges to facilitate the sale of land to settlers in the West.
Divided much of the country into a system of townships and ranges to facilitate the scale of land to settlers on the West.
The land Ordinance of 1785 stated that Congress couldn't raise revenue by directly taxing people living in the United States.
Divided the country into to a system of townships.
Adopted by the Continental Congress, under the Articles Of Confederation. Congress did not have the power to raise revenue by direct taxation of the inhabitants of the United States.
In the United States, the Land Ordinance of 1785 divided much of the country into a system of township and ranges to facilitate the sale of land to settlers in the West. the initial surveying was performed by Thomas Hutchins (appointed geographer to the United States in 1781), he died in 1789 and the responsibility for surveying transferred to the Surveyor General.
Divided much of the US into a system of townships and ranges to facilitate the sale of land to settlers in the west.
set up a system for settling the northwest territory. called for the territory be surveyed & then divided into townships.
The Land Ordinance of 1785 was adopted by the Continental Congress in the United States on May 20,1785. Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress did not have the power to raise revenue by direct taxation of the inhabitants of the United States.
was adopted by the Continental Congress in the United States on May 20,1785.
A square normally 6 miles on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1875 divided much of the United States into a series of townships.
A square 6 miles on each side.
A division of a county with some corporate powers.
A six-mile by six-mile square. Each is given number representative of distance north or south of a base line and east or west of a principal meridian.
The different settlements in different countries.
A system with a square 6 miles on each side.
A square with 6 miles on each individual side.
A square 6 mile area of land.
A division of a country with some corporate powers.
In this system, a township is a square 6 miles on each side.
A township is a square 6 miles on each side.
In the Land Ordinance of 1785, a township is a square with 6 miles on each side.
a square 6 miles on each side. the land ordinance of 1785 divided much of the u.s. into a series of townships.
Small settlement with a unit of local government.
A subdivision of a county in most northeast and Midwest US states, having the status of a unit of local government with varyinggovernmental powers.
a square normally 6 miles on a side. The ordinance of 1785 divided much of the united states into series of townships .
A north-south line designated in the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States.
Some of the north-south lines separating townships.
Certain north-south longitude lines that form the basis for east-west measurements in a rectangular survey.
The north-south line that divided townships east and west.
A north-south line designated in the land ordinance in the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States.
Principal Meridians are some of the north-south lines separating townships.
the principalnorth-south line used for survey control in a large region, and which divides townships between east and west.
a principal meridian is the principal north-south line used for survey control in a large region, and which divides townships between east and west.
A prime meridian is a meridian (a line of longitude) in a geographicalcoordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0°.
In the United States Public Land Survey System, a principal meridian is the principalnorth-south line used for survey control in a large region, and which divides townships between east and west.
An east-west line designated under the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States.
Some of the east-west lines separating townships.
Eastern- western lines that separate townships.
A minimum or starting point used for comparisons.
Some of the east-west lines are designated base lines.
East and West lines designated for townships.
base for measurement or for construction; see datum (calculations or comparisons) or point of reference (engineering or science).
a baseline is the principal east-west line (i.e., a parallel) upon which all rectangular surveys in a defined area are based.
DefinitionAn east-west line designated under the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States.
One of a set of imaginary lines running east and west used by surveyors for reference in locating and describing land under the government survey method of property description.
A square normally 1 mile on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided townships in the United States into 36 sections.
Each square mile of a township.
1 mile by 1 mile portions of land in townships. Numbered from 1 in north-east corner to 36 in south-east corner. Divided into four quarter-sections, north-east, north-west, south-east, south-west, that Western pioneers generally bought as homesteads. Each quarter-section is about 0.5 miles on each side of the square or 160 acres.
each townships is divided into 36 sections, each 1 mile by 1 mile.
A square normally a mile on each side.
A section is 1/36 of a township. It is 1 mile by 1 mile. Sections are numbered from northeast ti southeast.
The groups of townships that are 1 mile by 1 mile.
A square normally one mile on a side that divides townships.
A part of a township which is 1 mile by 1 mile.
something that can be be divided, A township is divided into 36 section.
Sections: A township is divided into 36 sections, each of which is 1 mile by 1 mile. Sections are numbered in a consistent order, from 1 in the northeast to 36 in the southeast. Each section is divided into four quarter-sections, designated as the northeast, northwest, southeast, and southwest. quarters of a particular sections. A quarter-section, which is 0.5 mile by 0.5 mile, or 160 acres, was the amount of land many Western pioneers bought as a homestead. The Tallahatchie River is located in the southeast and southwest quarter-sections of Section 32. The township and range system remains important in understanding the location of objects across much of the United States. It explains the location of highways across the Midwest, farm fields in Iowa, and major streets in Chicago.
Township is divided into 1x1 mile sections adding up to 36, named 1 from northeast to 36 in southeast. Each section is divided into 4 quarter sections called northeast, southwest, etc. being .5x.5 miles.
any of the more or less distinct parts into which something is or may be divided or from which it is made up.
A computer system that can capture, store, query, analyze, and display geographic data.
A G.I.S. is a computer system that can capture, store, query, analyze, and display geographic data.
is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data.
The acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or from other long-distance methods.
Study of an object or surface from a distance using various instruments.
The acquisition of data about Earth's surface from an orbiting satellite or another long-distance method. Scans Earth's surface and sends the digital form to receiving station. Higher scanner resolution means a better picture with more details.
The gaining of data about Earth's surface form a satellite orbiting Earth.
The way that a satellite orbiting the earth receives data over long distances.
the scanning of the earth by satellite or high-flying aircraft in order to obtain information about it.
is the art and science of making measurements of the earth using sensors on airplanes or satellites.
A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.
A G.P.S. is a system that accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth.
is a radio navigation system that allows land, sea, and airborne users to determine their exact location, velocity, and time 24 hours a day, in all weather conditions, anywhere in the world.
(geographic information system) a computer system that can capture, store, query, analyze, and display geographic data.
Geographic Information System is a computer system that captures, stores, queries, analyzes, and displays geographic data. Geocoding (where position of any object on Earth can be measured and recorded with mathematical precision and be stored in a computer) is the key to G.I.S. Compiles layers that can be visible or invisible based on what is desired to be seen.
Known as a Geographic Information System, it is a computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes and displays geographic data.
Computer tool for processing and organizing details or pieces of information.
A computer system that captures, stores and analyzes geographic data.
To collect information to form an image.
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSYTEM: an organized collection of computer hardware, software, and geographical data that is designed to capture, store, update, maipulate, and display spatially referenced Information.
a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data.
(Global Positioning System) A system that accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth.
Global Positioning System accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth and is commonly used in navigation ships, aircraft, and motor vehicles. Can be utilized to give directions to a location and in coding of precise locations of objects, which in turn can be put as a G.I.S. layer.
is a system that accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth.
A system that determines the exact position of something on Earth through lots of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.
Accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth.
Otherwise known as a Global Positioning System, a GPS is a system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations and receivers.
a system that determines the precise position of something on eaarth through series of satellites, tracking, stations, and receiving .
GPS, which stands for Global Positioning System, is a radio navigation system that allows land, sea, and airborne users to determine their exact location, velocity, and time 24 hours a day, in all weather conditions, anywhere in the world.
is a computer system that can capture, store and display geographic data.
A computer system that captures, stores, analyzes, and displays data.
a system that accurately determines the precise location of something on earth.
Group of satellites that uses radio signals to determine the exact location of places on Earth.
geographic information system used to create maps.
A service mark used for a raster-based format for storing files of color graphics.
A system that accurately pinpoints the position of something on Earth.
is a "constellation" of 24 well-spaced satellites that orbit the Earth and make it possible for people with ground receivers to pinpoint their geographic location.
East-west lines the divided townships north and south.
1.Evaluate the child's progress over time.
3.Modify treatment procedures if child's rate of improvement was not as expected.
North and South lines that divide townships.
one inch on the map represents 24,000 inches on the ground. Or one centimeter on the map represents 24,000 centimeters on the ground (or any other unit you want to choose).
a line telling you a mile equals an each.
The way geographers describe a feature's place o Earth.
The land geographers reference when describing the physical features of parts of the Earth.
The position that something occupies on Earth's surface, four ways to identify location (place name, site, situation, mathematical location).
The position that something occupies on Earth's surface. 4 ways to identify: place name, site, situation, and mathematical location.
Used to identify a point or an area on the Earth's surface or elsewhere.
The position of something that occupies space on the Earth surface.
Locational – Dispute that focuses on disagreement of interpretation, delimitation or demarcation of a boundary. Delimitation is the drawing of boundaries on official maps, aerial and satellite images. Demarcation is the physical marking boundaries with the placement of barriers, fences and walls.
Example: The dispute between Jews and Muslims in Palestine about where the boundary should be.
is the name given to a place on earth. It may be named for a person.
The name give on the Earth's surface.
The name given to a portion of or a place on the Earth's surface.
The name of anything on the Earth's surface.
A toponym is the name given to a place on Earth.
A place name, usually is derived from the place's topography.
a place name, especially one derived from a topographical feature.
a place name to a certain location.
A place-name, usually consisting of two parts, the generic and the specific.
The way geographers describe the location of a place.
A second way for geographers to reference a place by its physical characters.
The physical character of a place. Climate, water sources, soil, topography, vegetation, latitude, elevation and other factors give the place distinction.
The physical character of a location/place.
An area of ground on which a town, building, or monument is made.
Describing the location of a place.
Is a precise location such as an airport, building, house, stadium, church, monument or anything else that can be located on a map.
The second way that geographers describe the location of a place is by site.
The location of a place relative to others.
The relative location of a place in relation to the physical and cultural characteristics of the surrounding area and the connections and inter dependencies within that system; a place's spatial context.
The location of a place relative to other places. Valuable for indicating places because you're finding an unfamiliar location and understanding its importance.
A set of circumstances in which one finds oneself.
The location of a place relative to other places. Valuable way to indicate location.
The relative location of a place in relation to the physical and cultural characteristics of the surrounding area and the connections and within that system; a place's context.
Is a description of a site.
situation is the location of a place relative to other places.
A meridian is an arc drawn between the North and South poles.
An arc drawn on a map between the North and South Poles. 0 degrees to 180 degrees from the Prime Meridian.
ab arc drawn between the North & South poles.
An arc drawn between the North and South Poles. Location of each meridian is identified on Earth's surface as longitude.
A circle of constant longitude passing through a given place on Earth's surface.
a circle of constant longitude passing through a given place on the earth's surface and the terrestrial poles.
A circular arc of longitude that meets at the north and south poles and connects all places of same longitude.
A circle drawn around parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians.
Side by side and having distance continuously between them.
each of the imaginary parallel circles of constant latitude on the earth's surface.
(of lines, planes, surfaces, or objects) side by side and having the same distance continuously between them.
a person or thing that is similar or analogous to another.
The location of each meridian is identified on Earth's surface according to the numbering system called longitude.
the angular distance east or west of the prime meridian measured in degrees ranging from 0 degrees to 180 degrees.
A numbering system on Earth's surface; lines that run up and down the Earth so that they all converge at the poles.
the part of the earth's grid system that determines location east and west of the Prime Meridian ( meridians). run north and south.
The part of the earth's grid system that determines location east and west of the Prime Meridian ; the lines run North and South.
A numbering system used for finding places on a map.
The angular distance of a place east or west of the meridian.
Distance in degrees east to west of the equator.
the angular distance of a place east or west of the meridian at Greenwich, England, or west of the standard meridian of a celestial object, usually expressed in degrees and minutes.
one part of navigation, and is found on the map.
The location of each meridian is identified on Earth's surface according to a numbering system known as longitude.
The meridian that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England, is 0 degrees longitude. The Meridian on the opposite side of the globe from the prime meridian is 180 degrees longitude . All other meridians have numbers between 0 degrees and 180 degrees east or west, depending if they are either east or west of the prime meridian.
The meridian at 0 degrees longitude passing through the Greenwich Observatory in London.
The meridian at 0 degrees longitude. It passes through the observatory at Greenwich, England.
Is a geographical system at which longitude is defined to be 0 degrees.
the line of 0 degree longitude over Greenwich, England.
The meridian that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England, it's 0 degrees.
the meridian passing through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England, just east of London, and from which longitude is measured.
The meridian that passes through the Observatory at Greenwich, England.
the meridian that passes through the royal observatory at Greenwhich, England, is 0 longitude.
A planet's meridian adopted as the 0 of longitude.
In a geographical coordinate system at which longitude is defined by 0.
the earth's zero of longitude, which by convention passes through Greenwich, England.
The meridian, designated as 0° longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.
England, is 0° longitude, also called the prime meridian.
north-south line designed in the land ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the united states .
planet's meridian adopted as the zero of longitude.
The numbering system to indicate the locations of a parallel is latitude.
The numbering system used to identify parallels.
A numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel, they run horizontal and are lines that are parallel to the equator.
The numbering system used to locate a parallel (the lines going horizontally along a globe).
The distance from the equator is measured in degrees.
The angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator.
the angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator, or of a celestial object north or south of the celestial equator, usually expressed in degrees and minutes.
Coordinate that specifies the north-south position of a point on the Earth's surface.
The time in that time zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0° longitude.
The international agreement designated the time at the prime meridian (0 degrees longitude) as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) or Universal Time (UT). It is the master reference time for all points on Earth. As Earth rotates eastward, any place to the east of you always passes "under" the Sun earlier.
The time at the prime meridian is the master reference for all points on Earth.
The internationally designated time at the prime meridian.
The master reference of all time on Earth.
The international agreement designated the time at the prime meridian (0 degrees longitude) as GMT or also known as Universal Time (UT).
The international agreement designated the time at the Prime Meridian as Greenwich Mean Time.
Master reference time for all points on Earth.
the time at the prime meridian (0° longitude), is the master reference time for all points on Earth.
The prime meridian, 0 degrees longitude. The master reference time for all point on Earth.
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) or Universal Time (UT), which is the time at the prime meridian (0° longitude), is the master reference time for all points on Earth.
the time as measured on the prime meridian running throughGreenwich, England: used in England and as a standard of calculation elsewhere. Also called Greenwich Mean Time, Greenwich Civil Time, universal time, Universal Time.
When you cross the International Date Line, which for the most part follows 180 degrees longitude, you come the clock back 24 hours, or one entire day, if you are heading eastward toward America; you turn the clock ahead 24 hours if you are heading west Asia.
The other side of the prime meridian mainly following 180 degree longitude except for going around Kiribati where it moves to 150 degrees longitude.
s an imaginary line of longitude on the Earth's surface located at about 180 degrees east (or west) of the Greenwich Meridian. The date line is shown as an uneven black vertical line in the Time Zone Map above and marks the divide where the date changes by one day.
The line of longitude 180 east or west of the prime meridian.
The line of longitude of 180 degrees.
follows 180° longitude, you move the clock back 24 hours if you are heading eastward toward America and you turn the clock ahead 24 hours if you are heading westward toward Asia.
180 degrees longitude that divides the world.
Imaginary line of longitude on the Earth's surface located at 180 degrees east or west of the Greenwich Meridian; its shown as an uneven black line.
A line that follows 180 lat. and you would move the clock back 24 hours, if you go east to America.
follows 180 degrees longitude, and moves the clock 24 hours backwards when crossed.
The line setting the beginning and end of each day.
180 degrees longitude tgat divides the world so that travelers form Asia to the Americas (west) gain a day and the travelers from the Americas and Asia (east) lose a day.
a line that mostly follows the 180 longitude.
An imaginary line that goes north and south through the Pacific ocean.
Most part follows 180 degrees, you move the clock back 24 hours, or one entire day, if you are heading eastward towards America.
The international date line is defined as an imaginary line that goes north and south through the Pacific Ocean, one day is on the east side of the line and the following day is on the west side.
An arc that for the most part follows 180° longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross the International Date Line heading east (toward America), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When you go west (toward Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day.
The day changes when crossed.
an are that for the most part follows 180 degrees longitude.
Belief or understanding o what a place is like, often based on books, movies, stories, or pictures.
The meridian, designated as 0° logitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.
two lines that lie in the same plane and do not intersect. and are the same distance apart.
Aka GMT or Universal Time; the master reference time for all points of earth.
The standard time at the meridian.
the mean solar time of the meridian of Greenwich used historically as the prime basis of standard time throughout the world. Compared to universal time.
the mean solar time of the meridian of Greenwich used historically as the prime basis of standard time throughout the world —called also Greenwich time — compare coordinated universal time.
the time in that time zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude .
the difference between projection height and landing height.
A law passed by a local governing unit, such as a municipality or a county.
is based on the notion that distance usually requires some amount of effort money and or/energy to overcome.
A measure of how much absolute distance affects the interaction between two places.
The concept of friction of distance is based on the notion that distance usually requires some amount of effort (energy) and/or money to overcome.
The increase of time and cost that usually comes with the increase of distance.
Friction of distance. The concept of friction of distance is based on the notion that distance usually requires some amount of effort (energy) and/or money to overcome.
A line that follows 180 degrees longitude, for the most part, but also having Kiribati move the line 3,000 kilometers to its eastern border in 1997, near 150 degrees west longitude.
An arc that for the most part follows 180 deg. longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross it heading east (toward America), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When you go west (towards Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day.
When you cross the International Date Line, which, for the most part, follows 180° longitude, you move the clock back 24 hours, or one entire day, if you are heading eastward toward America. You turn the clock ahead 24 hours if you are heading westward toward Asia.
an arc that for the most part follows 180* longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross the International Data Line heading east (toward America), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When you go west (towards Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day.
The international designated time at the prime meridian is the Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
The International Agreement designated the time at the prime meridian as GMT or Universal Time.
It is a line at the 180 degree longitude mark where if you step over it you move the clock back 24 hours.
Horizontal line on a map of globe that circles the Earth east to west.
A combination of cultural features, economic features, and physical features.
defined as "a geographic area,including both cultural and natural resources and the wildlife or domestic animals therein, associated with a historic event, activity, or person or exhibiting other cultural or aesthetic values.
The fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group.
cultural landscape is defined as "a geographic area,including bothcultural and natural resources and the wildlife or domestic animals therein, associated with a historic event, activity, or person or exhibiting other cultural or aesthetic values."
Combination of cultural characteristics such as a language and religious.
A combination of features such as language and religion and physical features such as climate and vegetation.
associated with a historic event, activity, or person or exhibiting other cultural or aesthetic values.
a combination of cultural features such as language, religion, economics etc.
a combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as climate and vegetation.
Different lifestyles, traditions and perspectives that can be found in the US and the world.
A region derives its unified character through the cultural landscape—a combination of cultural features such as lan- guage and religion, economic features such as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation.
a combination of cultural features such as language and region.
Rubenstein: Fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group; the visible imprint of human activity and culture on the landscape.
Sauer: The cultural landscape is fashioned from a natural landscape by a cultural group. Culture is the agent, the natural area is the medium, the cultural landscape is the result.
Fahioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group; the visible imprint of human activity & culture on the landscape.
Fashioning of a natural landscapes by a cultural activity and culture on the landscape.
Sauer: Fashioned from a natural landscape by a cultural group. Culture is the agent, the natural area the medium, the cultural landscape the result.
Regional geography is the study of world regions. Attention is paid to unique characteristics of a particular region such as natural elements, human elements, and regionalization which covers the techniques of delineating space into regions.
The contemporary cultural approach in geography first initiated by Paul Vidal de la Blache and Jean Brunhes.
An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.
Relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.
A complementary cultural landscape approached in geography approached was initiated in France by Paul Vidal de la Blache (1845-1918) and Jean Brunhes (1869-1950).
Also known as cultural landscape studies, regional studies are an approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.
The contemporary cultural landscape approach in geography based on the idea that each region has its own distinctive landscape from natural features, such as vegetation and soil, etc.
the study of world regions. Attention is paid to unique characteristics of a particular region such as natural elements, human elements, and regionalization which covers the techniques of delineating space into regions.


Video Game Hangover : VGH #134: Pierce the Heart!
VGH #134: Pierce the Heart!
Get all the latest sports things and points news on this week's episode of Video Sports Sportover. Just like every week, we talk about Call of Duty, Bravely Default, a Mario, stuff Ken Levine stores in his pants, Strider, and Matt Kernan. The Olympics!


text:
G0S2 () – білок, який кодується однойменним геном, розташованим у людей на короткому плечі 1-ї хромосоми.  Довжина поліпептидного ланцюга білка становить 103 амінокислот, а молекулярна маса — 11 321.

Задіяний у такому біологічному процесі як апоптоз.
Локалізований у мітохондрії.

Література

Примітки

Див. також
 Хромосома 1

Мітохондріальні білки

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Another fairly quiet day on 10m. I took time out from WSPR during the early afternoon to do some PSK31 operating. There was some good DX about. First I worked Ian 3B8IK in Mauritius. I heard 5H3NP in Tanzania, but he didn't appear to be CQing. I found a clear spot and called CQ myself hoping to be heard by the African station but every time a station from the Eastern USA called me! It was better than when the band was wide open as there was less QRM making it easier to hear stations.
I like working stateside because ops seem more willing to have a proper QSO instead of just exchanging reports and details. I don't think that says anything about the relative friendliness of Americans and Europeans, it's just down to the fact that Yanks and us both speak the same language whereas for the European stations that are all I can usually work English is not their native language.
Also just wondering what time you started doing your psk31 as all I seem to hear are Poland, Russia, Romania etc and very rarely have I seen or brothers in the states...perhaps its theband i'm using or perhaps i'm not looking in the right place...any tips?
I have been using 10m exclusively for the last few weeks. The Stateside stations start to appear in the early afternoon. Unfortunately it looks as though the recent spell of good conditions on 10m is over.
If HF band conditoins are a bit of a mystery to you (they were to me for many years) I suggest you have a play woth VOAProp. It will enable you to see how conditions change from hour to hour and with the seasons.


Feeling uneasy, stressed, scared, or overwhelmed? Perhaps feeling so energetic that you cannot sleep or go about your normal day? Both of these scenarios are symptoms of being ungrounded—or having an unbalanced energetic core. An easy fix to this problem is having a daily grounding practice that will connect you with your true self and the Earth. Feeling grounded is feeling safe, secure, and happy, regardless of the circumstances. You are in power.
How do you know if you are ungrounded? You may be feeling anxious or distracted, experiencing headaches, or even finding yourself being clumsy.
The remedy is simple—a quick and consistent grounding ritual.
No matter how much time you have in your schedule, there is a grounding practice that will benefit you and your life.
Just because you are short on time, does not mean you have no time to ground yourself before processing with your day.
If you have just a few seconds to spare, you can do a quick breathing exercise such as the 4-7-8 breathwork. Stop what you are doing and stand or sit still. Close your eyes and breathe in with your nose for 4 counts, hold your breath for 7 counts, and breathe out with your mouth for 8 counts. Repeat as necessary.
Another way to ground fast is to hold a grounding crystal in your hands. Black stones have grounding energy such as shungite, smoky quartz, hematite, and black tourmaline.
If you have two minutes, perform a small smudging ritual. You can use sage, another sacred herb, palo santo, a candle, or an incense to get rid of any stagnant energy in your physical space. You may choose to say an intention for this clearing.
Light the smudging tool of your choice and circle it around your body. Then go around the space you are in and make sure that the smoke touches every corner. This will rid you of negative emotions, thoughts, feelings, and any negative energies that may be around.
If you do not want to or cannot be around smoke, turning on a salt lamp for the room and putting your hands on it can have a similar effect.
Mentally grounding yourself is effective, especially if you are stuck in your head too much. Grab a journal and write out in detail three things you are grateful for that is happening right now or has recently happened.
You can express your gratitude for a great day, loving people in your life, or simply being alive, healthy, and happy.
This daily gratitude ritual can be used before going to bed or the first thing in the morning. It will keep you mindfully present and focused on the positive aspects of your life, both of which help manifest future amazing things into your life.
Food and drinks can ground you on the physical level. If you have a time to get a snack or brew a healing tea, use it to get grounded. Food that comes from the Earth such as root vegetables and is Earthy in color is more grounding than the rest.
You can also make tea from roots such as ginger, which will also help you ground.
Lastly, if you have between 20 and 30 minutes, you will benefit from getting closer to nature. You can go for a walk in the park and meditate by your favorite tree or hug it, or get barefoot and walk on a grassy field.
If you have a backyard, taking up gardening can also help you feel centered every time you work on your garden. It can be a flower or a vegetable garden as long as it brings you joy.
Pick one of these grounding practices and see what benefits they provide for you. You can even mix them up depending on how busy your day is. As you can see, there is a grounding ritual for any schedule, the most important part if to prioritize practicing one.


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Ontario Superior Court of Justice Addresses Limitation Periods in Claims for Prosecutorial Torts
In MacKinnon v. Halton Regional Police Services Board, 2020 ONSC 6908 ("MacKinnon"), the Ontario Superior Court of Justice confirmed that the presumptive date on which a limitation period starts to run in a claim involving prosecutorial torts, such as malicious prosecution and negligent investigation, is the date on which the charges were terminated in favour of the plaintiff. Accordingly, the date that charges are stayed by the Crown pursuant to section 579(1) of the Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C-46 (the "Code") constitutes a termination of proceedings in favour of the accused and will start the running of the two-year limitation period.
On September 6, 2014, Halton Regional Police Service ("HRPS") charged Robert MacKinnon with respect to three allegedly fraudulent wire transfers. On March 27, 2015, the charges were stayed by the Crown. By Notice of Action issued on March 23, 2018, Mr. MacKinnon commenced an action against HRPS and others for malicious prosecution, negligent investigation, and breach of his rights under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11, s 91(24).
HRPS brought a motion for summary judgment on the basis that the two-year limitation period expired on March 27, 2017 but that the action was not commenced until March 23, 2018. Mr. MacKinnon took the position that his action was commenced in time because the limitation period did not start to run until one year after the Crown's stay of proceedings (i.e., March 27, 2016) because section 579(2) of the Code states that proceedings stayed may be recommenced without laying a new information or preferring a new indictment within one year after the entry of the stay of proceedings.
Limitation Periods and Prosecutorial Torts
Justice Gibson summarized the law of limitation periods in claims for prosecutorial torts as follows:
[14] The presumptive date on which a limitation period begins to run in respect of claims in negligence, negligent investigation and malicious prosecution is the date on which charges were terminated in favour of a plaintiff. A claim for breach of Charter rights crystallizes on the date of the arrest and not on the date of the conclusion of the prosecution arising out of the arrest: Winmill v. Woodstock (Police Services Board), 2017 ONCA 962, at paras. 26 and 24; Sankreacha v. Cameron J. and Beach Sales Ltd., 2018 ONSC 7216 at para. 287; Hill v. Hamilton-Wentworth Regional Police Services Board, 2007 SCC 41 at paras. 95 to 98; Ksolosov v. Lowe's Companies Inc., 2018 ONSC 7541 at paras 244 and 245.
[15] A stay of proceedings entered by the Crown constitutes a favourable termination of proceedings for the purpose of prosecutorial torts such as malicious prosecution: Ferri v. Root, 2007 ONCA 79 at para. 51.
[16] Given that a stay of proceedings constitutes a favourable resolution of the charges against a plaintiff, the date that criminal charges were stayed by the Court against the plaintiff is the appropriate start date for the limitation clock: Jardine v. Saskatoon Police Service, 2017 SKQB 217 at para. 41; Sam v. Kopynsky, 2011 MBQB 56 at para. 36.
The ability of the Crown to recommence proceedings stayed, without laying a new information or preferring a new indictment, within one year after the entry of the stay under section 579(2) of the Code is not relevant to the limitations analysis. Nor is it a valid juridical reason for a prospective plaintiff to wait more than two years after the date that criminal charges were stayed in making claims for prosecutorial torts.
In the result, the court granted summary judgment and dismissed Mr. MacKinnon's action as statute barred. The limitation period had expired on March 27, 2017.
The decision in MacKinnon is a helpful summary of the law of limitation periods in claims involving prosecutorial torts. Justice Gibson confirmed that "[a] Crown stay of proceedings constitutes a favourable termination of proceedings, and the limitations clock begins to run on the day that the stay is entered." MacKinnon is also a warning that a prospective plaintiff cannot take a "wait and see" approach with respect to the commencement of a timely civil claim because of the prospect that proceedings may be recommenced by the Crown within one year of the entry of the stay.
About Ara Basmadjian
Ara Basmadjian is a Partner in the Litigation and Dispute Resolution group at Dentons Canada LLP. His practice involves a variety of complex corporate, commercial and civil litigation matters. Ara has particular experience in cases involving commercial contracts, negligence, product liability, class actions, competition law, cannabis in Canada, and extraordinary remedies, such as injunctions.
All posts Full bio
Limitation Periods during the Coronavirus Pandemic
A Notice of Objection filed in response to a passing of accounts application does not constitute a "proceeding" or a "claim" under the Limitations Act, 2002
"Suspicions" not good enough to trigger discoverability under s. 5(1)(a)(iv)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Recent research has shown that chivalry has not yet completely disappeared with the modern man. More than 60% of men still ask the girl's parents for her hand in marriage and 76% finds it important to get down on one knee to pop the question.
But apparently, this traditional approach is not always the right way to do it. Research has shown that 1 out of 4 women were not happy with the way their husbands proposed to them. Many of them wished that the proposal had been more romantic, more original or more personal.


text:
Ferrari N.V. announces indicative results of the cash tender offers on certain series of its euro notes
July 12, 2019 05:20 ET | Source: Ferrari N.V.
Maranello, Italy 12 July 2019 - Ferrari N.V. (NYSE/MTA: RACE) (Ferrari or the Company) hereby announces, on a non-binding basis, the indicative results of its invitation to eligible holders (subject to the offer restrictions referred to in the Tender Offer Memorandum (as defined below)) of the Company's outstanding €700,000,000 0.250 per cent. Notes due 16 January 2021 (ISIN: XS1720053229) (the 2021 Notes), and the Company's outstanding €500,000,000 1.500 per cent. Notes due 16 March 2023 (ISIN: XS1380394806) (the 2023 Notes and, together with the 2021 Notes, the Notes) to tender their Notes for purchase by the Company for cash (the Offers and each an Offer).
The Offers were announced on 4 July 2019 and were made on the terms and subject to the conditions set out in the tender offer memorandum dated 4 July 2019 (the Tender Offer Memorandum). The Offers expired at 5.00 p.m. (Rome time) on 11 July 2019.
Capitalised terms used in this announcement but not defined have the meanings given to them in the Tender Offer Memorandum.
The Company hereby announces its non-binding intention to accept for purchase valid tenders of the 2021 Notes pursuant to the relevant Offer for an indicative aggregate nominal amount of €200,000,000 and the 2023 Notes pursuant to the relevant Offer for an indicative aggregate nominal amount of €115,395,000. The Company intends to set the Maximum Acceptance Amount at €315,395,000.
PR Monza Indicative Results ENG 12.7.19
More articles issued by Ferrari N.V.
Ferrari N.V.
Maranello, ITALY
FILE URL | Copy the link below


d. 1st July 1916. Aged 22.
This family has its roots in Marden, Kent, and latterly in Tenterden where most of Hubert's eight brothers and one sister were born. By 1911, their parents Alfred and Emily, had moved to Fairview Cottages, Rolvenden but by the time war broke out their parent's address was given in registers of Effects as Harbridge Manor Cottage, Cranbrook, Kent. Hubert was the middle one of three brothers to enlist on the same day to the new 7th (Service) Battalion, The Buffs (East Kent Regiment), disembark on the same day (28th July 1915), and lost their lives close to each other at the Front. A fourth brother enlisted later and survived. See bottom of this page.
Ever Loving Mother and Father"
As the sole legatee for each of her boys, for Hubert, Emily initially received £7 18s. 2d. followed later by a War Gratuity £6 10s. It was common for mothers to be named as sole legatee by their sons even though his father was alive (dying in Sissinghurst on 15th April 1940 at the age of 89).
Hubert's appearance on the Newnham Memorial is explained by his employment as a groom at to Captain Faunce De Laune of Sharsted Court, a remarkable and historically important estate sitting on the Newnham/Doddington parish boundaries. Earlier records describe Hubert as a "gardener", like his father. Mr Alured Faunce de Laune was involved very early in recruiting initiatives. Hubert is also remembered on the Rolvenden Memorial.
Hubert's final resting place was an example of "concentration" as his body had been marked and identified in Mansel Copse West ("MCW" on CWGC documents) Cemetery, Mametz (460 metres west of Mansel Copse Cemetery on the Fricourt-Maricourt Road). From there, Hubert's body was reburied nearby in Dantzig Alley British Cemetery, Mametz. This ground was won in 1st July 1916, lost in March 1918 and regained in August 1918.
For a summary of the strategic objectives across the entire front of the Battle of the Somme, we have transcribed the 23rd December 1916 Despatch from General DOUGLAS HAIG, Commanding-in-Chief, British Armies in France.
7th Battalion, East Kent Regiment (The Buffs), was assigned to the 18th Division of the 55th Infantry Brigade.
After landing at Boulogne, 20 minutes after midnight on 28th July 1915, the Battalion boarded a train at the Central Station for BERTANGLES and then moved into billets. On 6th August the Battalion marched to BONNAY, then on to BOIS Des TAILES and BRAY. Between 10th and 16th August, at Bray, these new soldiers were temporarily attached to the 15th Brigade for instruction in trenches with only one casualty, G/5253, Private A. White, wounded. Soon after, they were placed in Brigade reserve and soon afterwards they moved into the Front Line to and from billets in DERNANCOURT. For Hubert, this period was relatively quiet as there was very little action by the enemy so only a few casualties; efforts were made to prepare for winter. Throughout this early period, during quiet times, the soldiers were regularly used to build infrastructure - tramways, light railways, and accommodation.
Through November and December soldiers were beset by persistent rain, swamped trenches, collapses due to wet clay and bombardments. Regularly sustained small arms fire and shelling in both directions saw the year out.
It wasn't until 31st January that Hubert and his two brothers would experience intense fire-power from the German side.
"Between 11.15-12 noon enemy shelled front line trenches fairly heavily - very little damage done. At 4.40pm enemy commenced intense bombardment of F.1 - mostly on the left:- The wood was shelled first and then the front line trenches. Lachrymatory shells [tear gas] were employed - communication broke down with left Company HQ about ten minutes after commencement of bombardment. It is estimated that they were firing shells of various sizes at the rate of 100 a minute. - Our 18-pounders B./84 R.F.A. came into action; their forward observing post was knocked out in the first few minutes our heavies came into action. Our 18 pounders kept up an effective barrage - as it was expected that the enemy would leave their trenches. They did opposite the next subsector (F1.2) which had been subjected to a still heavier bombardment and got into the trenches and captured several prisoners. The bombardment was continuous until 6pm - when it died down and the evening passed quite quietly. Work was heard in their trenches and it was supposed a fair deal of damage had been done. Our casualties were 2 killed; 6 wounded. Corporal HOPPER M.E. Corporal was one of the killed - owing to a direct hit on an M.E. emplacement. 11th Essex on our left 7th Queens on right."
Looking at the planning documents for the part of the Front shared with the French Army reveals a staged approach to the planned assault with the 'ideal' outcome being success across the whole front with the first wave followed by a cavalry charge to drive forward the Allied position to the "brown line" (on maps of the German trenches). This final objective was not achieved, but there was significant progress to the 3rd Objectives ("green line") identified by the 18th Division - which contained the 55th Brigade, which in turn contained the 7th (Service) East Kent Regiment (The Buffs).
For days before the assault, Allied barrage was heavy and continuous. The opening up of Battle of The Somme was then postponed 48 hours due to poor weather but the barrage continued. The new date (1st July) was misty and fine.
The build-up to what was called "Z" or "Zero" day involved a massive build up of artillery, Stokes guns, trench mortars, small arms ammunition, rations, water supply and manpower. This had to be done without alerting the German troops to the Allied intentions. If companies were not being used elsewhere, they were tasked with building railways, repairing roads, and training. Hubert and his brother faced intensive training ahead of the assault from 26th May to 9th June near Picquigny (N.W. of Amiens). There was a particular focus on attacks in the open, attacks from trench, bayonet fighting, musketry, instruction of N.C.O.s and Smoke Helmet Drill. Particular attention was given to preparing and exploiting "special trenches" that included the "Russian saps" (shallow/sometimes covered trenches dug at right angles to the front so that soldiers could move forward under cover before having to break cover for the open assault). Some of the saps included flammenwerfers in preparation for the assault. It was hoped to be able to carry out a Brigade attack in the open. But owing to the height of the crops, and the damage that would be done the attack had to be abandoned. There was however plenty of uncultivated land over which Battalions and Companies practised open warfare.
The majority of the training was devoted to practising the attack on the German System of Trenches lying East and North East of the CARNOY MINE CRATERS. Each Battalion had three days practise either by Companies or Battalions. This was followed up by doing the attack as a complete Brigade on the third, sixth and seventh of June. On the first day Saturday June 3rd., the attack was done as a drill. On Sunday June 4th., all Officers and N.C.O.s paraded on the Trench Area Ground to go through the attack in skeleton. On June 6th and 7th., the attack was carried out as a Brigade. On each day the assault was practised twice. The two Battalions that formed the leading Battalions in the morning, formed the Reserve in the afternoon, and the two Battalions that formed the Reserve in the morning formed the assaulting troops in the afternoon.
Training trenches tended to be dug to two feet depth as it was most important to get used to the scale and geography of the German trenches.
1.	Their first journey forward will be carrying R.E. Material etc., for consolidation.
2.	Their second and subsequent journeys will be for what is urgently required, either R.E. Material, S.A.A. or Grenades.
It is their business to find out what is most urgently required.
Breakfast included hot tea and rum ration.
Immediately before the assault, planned for 7.30, the Royal Engineers fired several mines and the Artillery rate intensified. That artillery barrage then 'lifted' (increased the trajectory that then lengthened where the munitions landed) according to a strict time-table; troops timed their three stages of attack to fall behind that barrage. As a Report on the battle later accepted, the Allies under-estimated how deep the German dugouts were. So, from the outset, losses were severe as the attack on the Craters got hung up by German machine guns that were also being protected by snipers. Soldiers were also advised that Allied gas shells (nerve gas/"lachrymatory" gas and phosgene) would disperse quickly under most circumstances - but bombs should be thrown into German dugouts before entering as gas could settle and should be dispersed by explosions.
Not knowing in which Company or Platoon Hubert served we have transcribed the whole Battalion Diary for these opening days with insertions from the Diaries of the Brigade and Division where they help paint a picture of what Hubert and his brother were facing. The 'bigger' picture was of very tough fighting, some hand-to-hand, but brutal losses through well-entrenched German machine guns. Breaking any stalemate was often the job of the specialist Stokes Gunners who could fire accurate, very rapid (five shells could still be in the air as the sixth round was fired) mortar-like rounds of high explosives, or gas, or shrapnel.
"30th June - In billets. Moved at 5.30pm to assembly trenches in LAPREE WOOD, ready for assault on 1st July – hot tea with rum was prepared for the men in CARNOY VALLEY. A halt was made in BILLON VALLEY before proceeding to LAPREE WOOD – B Company proceeded direct to CARNOY. A, C & D Companies to their respective assembly trenches.
7am:	A Company followed by C Company assembled to move down into CARNOY Valley.
D Company (less 2 platoons) moving into assembly trenches.
B Company (less 2 platoons) moved to attack crater area.
2 platoons D Company – To Dumps in our lines, for duty as carrying parties forward.
A Company moving to assembly trenches vacated by 8th E. Surrey Regiment in A9a.
C Company moving to assembly trenches vacated by 2 Queens in A8d.
7.30am: ZERO Time. Assaulting Battalions and crater party went over the parapet.
7.35am: Leading waves could be observed from Battalion Report Centre moving forward.
German rifle and machine gun fire heavy.
Heavy hostile shelling on our front line system.
8am: Message received from C Company that 2 platoons had lost heavily in moving into assembly trenches.
8.25am: Message received from C Company detailing casualties and asking if POMMIERS line taken.
8.30am: Message received from A Company. Captain BLACK wounded. Casualties slight.
[Brigade Diary Entry: 8.32 am 7th BUFFS report majority of their men in German Lines.
8.40am: Message to A Company. Two platoons to reinforce left of E. Surreys at once.
8.45am: Message received from Brigade as follows:- "Queens report Eastern Crater still holding out. Got touch with Queens and give help they require to take craters, and push on to POMMIERS Line to Support E. Surreys."
8.50am: Orders sent to C Company to support Queens and E. Surreys and capture POMMIERS working in conjunction with left of A Company.
From the Official Report of Capt KENCHINGTON: At 8.50 a.m. I warned the party in the area as far as possible and turned the STOKES gun for 10 minutes on to the strong point where the enemy were sniping. This had excellent results. A concerted rush on the part of the men remaining (with 4 more bombers sent by Major KEMP-WELCH commanding the 7th QUEENS) carried the dump and the snipers were bayoneted. They died splendidly with heaps of cartridges round them. The M.G. emplacement was found to be concreted. The gun we kept.
9.00am: Message to Brigade giving situation and orders issued.
9.00am: Message from Capt KENCHINGTON (O.C. Crater Party) timed 8.35am. Craters reported clear except one machine gun. 8.30 Considerable resistance offered.
9.03am: Message to Capt KENCHINGTON – D Company ordered to support you.
9.05am: Acknowledgement received from D Company as regards supporting crater party.
9.07am: Messages to Queens and E. Surreys stating 7th Buffs were supporting them.
9.10am: Message received from Capt. KENCHINGTON that Machine Gun and snipers still holding out on chalk dump at Craters.
9.10am: One platoon A Company ordered to support E. Surreys at WARREN Trench.
9.15am: Message received from Capt. KENCHINGTON. One platoon urgently needed for craters.
9.20am: Message received from E. Surreys, Company urgently required to work along railway and valley where enemy is still holding out between our right and left of 21st Infantry Brigade.
9.23am: Message to RWKent. Repeating E. Surrey message and asking them to take it on as have only one platoon.
9.25am: Message to E. Surrey. Have passed your message to RWKent.
9.43am: Message received from E. Surreys. Our latest messages are – F.O.O. [Forward Observation Officer] reports Train Alley taken. Also verbal report POMMIERS LINE occupied by us.
10.05am: Message received from Brigade. E. Surreys in WARREN. Germans reported bombing down valley. Support E. Surrey right.
10.08am: Message to A, C, and D Companies – Report situation.
10.15am: Message to RWKent. Brigadier asks me to refer to you for company to consolidate POMMIER LINE.
10.15am to 11.15am: No information of situation.
11.15am: Message from 2nd Lt. DYSON commanding A Company. Am at DUGOUT Trench with 2 platoons and 1 platoon C Company. Am bombing up BRESLAU ALLEY and MINE ALLEY to take MILL Trench.
11.15am: Message from RWKent. Am sending 2 Companies to push home the advance. One other Company will follow behind them to consolidate POMMIER LINE.
11.30am: 2 Companies 8th Suffolks arrived in our front line system of trenches to support 55 Infantry Brigade.
From 11am, Battalion Report Centre heavily shelled with 15cm howitzers.
12.30pm: No definite information. C.O. with Lieuts BURNSIDE and McCOLL moved forward via Craters – moved up MINE ALLEY as far as two left hand houses of MONTAUBAN trying to find O.C. E. Surreys but without success. Parties of E. Surreys. W. Kent seen, also a few Buffs.
Returned down MINE ALLEY and met O.C. Queens near junction of MINE ALLEY with CARNOY-MONTAUBAN Road.
Advance H.Q. of both Battalions established at this point.
Ascertained that situation as regards Queens was as follows:- They had lost heavily taken on the line of the MAMETZ-MONTAUBAN Road with their right on the orchard. As O.C. Queens was doubtful if he was strong enough on his left O.C. Buffs ordered 2 platoons of D company under Captain NEAME to reinforce the left of the Queens and to fill the gap existing between the 55th and 53rd Brigades. – This they did and the whole line advanced and occupied MONTAUBAN ALLEY. Capt. NEAME being unfortunately killed.
Captain KENCHINGTON and the remains of B Company came to Battalion HQ (No2 strong point) shortly after this – also a few men of D Company. O.C. 7th R.W.Kent Regiment arrived at No.2 Strong Point and asked 7th Buffs to undertake consolidation of POMMIERS Line.
This work was handed over to B Company.
Later Capt. TAIT arrived with 1 platoon of C Company.
Advanced Battalion HQ. No.2 Strong Point.
Rations arrived during the evening 2nd Lt. KEOWN (Transport Officer) doing excellent work in getting them up.
Intermittent shelling by the enemy on MONTAUBAN Alley, MINE ALLEY and POMMIER trench. There was no difficulty with the water supply – carrying parties were working well.
[Brigade Diary Entry: 9.20 pm: Message sent to Division that – All Battalion are joined up on MONTAUBAN LINE in touch with 90th Infantry Brigade and 53rd Infantry Brigade.
7th Queens and 7th R.W. Kent Regiment in front line.
8th East Surrey Regiment in support.
2nd July: CARNOY: 4.00am: An enemy reconnaissance was dispersed by rifle and machine gun fire – report received that the enemy were counter-attacking on our right.
9.05am: The 2 platoons under 2nd Lt DYSON in trench S.27.c.1075 to S.2.y.6065 relieved by 7th R.W.Kent Regiment and withdrew to trench S.27.c.85 to S.27.c.1.7.
8.00pm: The 2 platoons under 2nd Lt. DYSON were relieved by 7th R.W.Kent Regiment and withdrew to POMMIER line – on the left – joining up with the 10th Essex.
Intermittent shelling by the enemy during the day. MINE ALLEY was shelled fairly heavily.
3rd July: 2 platoons of D Company relieved by 7th R.W.Kent Regiment and withdrawn to POMMIER line.
Intermittent shelling by enemy on MONTAUBAN ALLEY, DUGOUT TRENCH and POMMIER line.
4th July	Enemy still continued to shell MONTAUBAN ALLEY and POMMIER LINE at intervals. Rained very hard during the afternoon and much work had to be done in clearing trenches.
7pm: Received message from the Brigade that the Battalion would be relieved by the 10th ESSEX Regiment and on relief to proceed to BRONFAY FARM.
5th July: 3.45am	Last platoon arrived at BRONFAY FARM about 3.45am.- all men very tired after a rather strenuous 4 days:- accommodation at BRONFAY FARM very bad – more tents promised later in the day. Hot tea was issued to the men on arrival at BRONFAY FARM.- O.C. 7th QUEENS (Major KEMP WELCH) very kindly lent their mess and cooks thus enabling a hot meal to be provided for all officers.
10.00am	50 more tents arrived – all officers and men in tents.
The day spent in resting – weather fine.
STRENGTH RETURN MADE UP TO 12 NOON SATURDAY May 15th 1916.
Fighting strength from last week. Increases. Totals from (i) & (ii) Decreases Fighting Strength Details (included in 'A'.). Remarks. Re. (ii). (iv) 'B' etc.
Officers O.R. Officers O.R. Officers O.R. Officers O.R. Officers O.R. Officers O.R.
The following table of casualties, showing amendments, names of Officer, and names of men still unaccounted for, is forwarded.
July 1st and 2nd 1916.
UNIT Officers O.R. Officers O.R. Officers O.R. Officers O.R. Officers O.R.
G/5033 = Hubert Harold Hayesmore [NEWNHAM & ROLVENDEN MEMORIALS] - Killed in Action on 1st July 1916 at 22 years old.
Memorial: Dantzig Alley British Cemetery, Mametz.
G/5035 = Frederick George Hayesmore [TENTERDEN & ROLVENDEN MEMORIAL] - Died of Wounds on 2nd July 1916 at 32 years old. The CWGC downloadable certificate gives his age as 30 (Frederick may have misrepresented his age, this wasn't unusual) and his death date as 2nd July 1916. This date also appears on his Effects record and the Victory/War medals record. Curiously, only his 1914-1915 medal record gives the earlier death date of 9th April 1916. A review of the Battalion Diary reveals very few casualties at this time: 20th March saw one Other Rank wounded in subsection Y.3. 25th March one sniper "slightly wounded", also in subsector Y.3. so it is reasonable to accept the 2nd July date is right, tying in with the opening days of the Battle of the Somme.
Memorial: Thiepval Memorial, Pier and Face 5 D. Personal Effects: £2 13s.3d (and £6 10s. War Gratuity) that went to his mother as sole legatee. "Son of Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Hayesmore; husband of S.E. [Sarah Elizabeth] Hayesmore [nee Field, also born in Tenterden], of Hamilton House, Rolvenden, Cranbrook, Kent." On marriage in 1910 they had lived for a while on the High Street, Tenterden.
G/5034 = Louis Arthur Hayesmore [ROLVENDEN MEMORIAL] - Death date "presumed" on 18th November 1916 at 21 years old.
Memorial: Thiepval Memorial, Pier and Face 5 D.
Private Archibald Sydney Hayesmore: enlisted 18th August 1916 into the 12th Battalion, Duke of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex) Regiment (Private 21923) where he served until 12th April 1918. He then transferred to the 2nd Battalion London Regiment (GS/82709) from 13th April 1918 to 23rd May 1918. He then transferred (GS/82709) to the Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) to see his time out until the close of the war.
Kent and Sussex Courier, Friday 6th October 1933.
LATE MR. HAYESMORE.- Mr. Philip James Hayesmore, of St. Philips Cottages, Rolvenden, who died on September 26, aged 55 years, had worked as a gardener for 20 years. At the funeral on Friday the mourners were the widow, Messrs. C.A. Hayesmore, P.A. Hayesmore and J.R. Hayesmore, Mr. and Mrs. B. Hayesmore, M.R. Hayesmore, Mr. and Mrs. A. Hayesmore, and Mr. and Mrs A. Bailey, Mr. Barratt, Mrs. Hardes, Miss W. Hardes, Mrs. Maybourne, Mr. and Mrs. White, Mrs. Burden, Mrs. Collins, Mr. H. Allsop, Mr. J. Archibald, Mr. A. Farris, Mr. J. Parker and Mr. L. Stapley.
Kent & Sussex Courier, 5th July 1918.
Friday 27th April 1917. Sevenoaks Chronicle and Kentish Advertiser.
WEST KENT APPEAL TRIBUNAL. Albert Henry Hayesmore, 41, married, doughman and baker's roundsman, Sissinghurst (C1); appeal dismissed.


It's important to us that you get off to a good start, as it contributes to creating job satisfaction from day one and establishing a strong network in the company.
All new employees get a thorough introduction when they start a job here in Ramboll. The introduction ensures that you will quickly feel at home with your new tasks, your new colleagues and with Ramboll.
We have divided the introductory process into three phases; the first phase is an introduction to your everyday tasks and your colleagues in your new department. You will be assigned a buddy to help you settle in and make sure that you get off to a good start. The next phase is a presentation of the division you're a part of. The final phase is an overall introduction to Ramboll as a company, where you will also meet the management and other new employees, who were hired at the same time as you.
It's important to us that you get off to a good start, as it contributes to creating job satisfaction from day one and establishing a good network in the company.


Ahed, whose family is well-known internationally for their activism against the Israeli occupation, was arrested over a video that went viral on social media of her slapping an armed Israeli officer during a raid on Nabi Saleh. Explaining her decision to remand her at the time, Judge Lidor Drachman of the Judea region Juvenile Military Court said that while Ahed Tamimi did not pose any danger, concern that the teen would try to obstruct the investigation justified keeping her locked up.
North Korea slammed the fresh United Nations sanctions as an "act of war". Antibodies against anthrax found in the body of a defected North Korean soldier has raised doubts that North Korea is developing bio-warfare capabilities. Both men are said to have been invited to travel with Kim Jong Un , and are numbered among his confidants. Mr Ri is one of the most prominent aides, and likely represents the Workers Party on the missile programme, experts say.
A battery of S-400 air defense missile system includes a command post, radars and four surface-to-air missile systems with combat and support vehicles. Russian news agency TASS quoted Chemezov as saying that the finance ministries of Turkey and Russia had completed the negotiations and the first of the deliveries was scheduled for early 2020.
Jessica, 28, who appeared on TV soap Home and Away in 2016, remains in a critical condition. Annabelle Falkholt , 21, was with sister Jessica and their parents Lars and Vivian in a auto driving on the Pacific Highway when another vehicle hit them near Sussex Inlet .
The move put an end to the last symbol of inter-Korean reconciliation. However, according to the Korea Herald, the government of the ousted leader had said at the time that the shutdown was decided at a National Security Council meeting on February 10, 2016, right before the announcement.
The Syrian Army and its allies are attacking the rebels from three directions. According to Hadashot news, Assad's forces and Hezbollah were also eyeing an advance on Beit Jinn. In September, a Hezbollah commander said the group has 10,000 fighters in southern Syria ready to confront Israel. It is seen by the IDF as its main threat, representing the standard by which the Israeli army measures its preparedness.
Furthermore, 76 percent of voters said "their voices should have been more important" in terms of determining Franken's fate. It appears that Minnesota voters are particularly upset with the process that led to Franken's resignation. "I will continue to stand up for the things I believe in as a citizen and as an activist". His successor, current Minnesota Lt. Gov. Tina Smith , is set to be sworn in on Wednesday.
The left-arm pace bowler, who finished previous year as the top-ranked bowler in ODIs, has leapfrogged the Australia pair of Mitchell Starc and Josh Hazlewood as well as South Africa's Kagiso Rabada after finishing with 10 wickets in the series.
Back in 2010, while former president Barack Obama was still in office, Trump plumped for the more generic phrase "happy holidays". It originated when John Gibson, a former Fox News anchor and radio host, published the book The War on Christmas: How the Liberal Plot to Ban the Sacred Christian Holiday Is Worse Than You Thought, in 2005.
The town's police chief has requested an investigation into his officers' use of force. "Please share I'm heading to Birmingham to UAB he has fracture and had to transport to have surgery". "The subject continued to struggle with officers and kept reaching toward his waistband as if he was attempting to access a weapon; all while repeatedly ignoring officers' commands to stop resisting and give them his hands".
The two new ministers were inducted in the government after Governor NN Vohra administered them the oath at Raj Bhavan in Jammu. The only son of deceased chief minister Mufti Mohammad Sayeed was recently nominated to the state legislative council, in place of Vikramaditya Singh, who quit the party.
Such ship-to-ship trades are banned under a UN Security Council resolution adopted in September, but according to South Korean government sources, American satellites have pictured large vessels from both China and North Korea illegally trading in a stretch of the West Sea on multiple occasions.
Zakharova accused the State Department on Thursday of directly interfering in Russia's upcoming presidential elections after the US condemned the Kremlin banning Alexei Navalny, an opponent of Russian President Vladimir Putin , from running.
New York City Fire Department (FDNY) said more than 160 firefighters were on the scene and battling the flames in bone-chilling cold, -9 celsius degrees, to rescue people from the building and the fire is not yet under control. Nine children and one adult died in a blaze sparked by a space heater. The Fire Department of NY says a blaze raging in a Bronx apartment building has seriously injured 15 people.
The dean of King Edward Memorial (KEM) hospital confirmed the number of the deceased and injured people. Witnesses said the entire building was engulfed in flames in less than half-an-hour. The Kamala Mills complex houses commercial establishments, including news channels that had to drop their broadcasts, NDTV reported . S Jay Kumar, a senior Mumbai police officer said he could not speak on the cause of fire.
They want the courts to overturn the EPA's decision to exclude nine mostly Midwestern states from what is called the Ozone Transport Region. The request filed in the appeals court stems from the EPA's denial of a petition the states filed under the Clean Air Act in 2013 to get the agency to add nine upwind states to a group that must work together to reduce smog pollution.
They've never had a single winless season. Both players missed the Steelers Week 16 game with those injuries but appear to be on track to play some Sunday. He totaled three tackles and a sack while being on the field for 38 defensive snaps. The Steelers final injury report of Week 17 will be released on Friday and it will include game status designations.
Nine percent picked a relative or friend as their most admired man and 13 percent did so for their most admired woman . Trump is not the first current president who has not been named most-admired man - Jimmy Carter, Harry Truman, Richard Nixon, Lyndon Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George W.
According to Italian-language website la Repubblica Napoli , brothers Vincenzo and Giacomo Barbato noticed in 2012 that Apple had never secured the trademark for the name of its most prominent co-founder. While the Barbatos won the legal battle in 2014 , they were barred from discussing the details of the case until now - due to the fact that the claim on the brand wasn't settled until this year.
Over the past few days, one of Erica's workers provided updates on her health from her official Twitter account , asking her followers to pray for her . A Staten Island grand jury declined to indict Pantaleo in 2014; the officer remains on modified duty. Now Erica Garner has been declared brain dead with no chance of recovery.
Saudi authorities have said that they hope to collect as much as $100 billion from the princes, businessmen and officials who were detained in the November 4 crackdown, which included one of the world's richest men - Prince Alwaleed bin Talal .
Public Services issued that advisory on December 28 to all its water utility customers, saying there are incidents in which water is freezing between the water main in the street and a customer's home or business. Do not attempt to thaw frozen pipes unless the water is shut off. A loss of power during a winter storm could cause pipes to freeze. In 2014-15, there were 238 underground pipes that needed to be thawed and 290 internal ones.
FirstNet, an independent authority within the U.S. Department of Commerce was born out of a recommendation from the 9/11 Commission to enhance communications used by fire, police and EMS to develop, build and operate the first nationwide, broadband network that modernizes communications used by the public safety community.


India Club was formally inaugurated on Sunday, 4th November 2007 at Marlboro Community Centre in Johannesburg. The first event organised by the Club was a Diwali celebration at the Marlboro Community Centre.
India Club – A club that's put behind it many successful years of experience of events and Membership of the Club is open to all Indian nationals.
The Club not only focuses on social and cultural activities including a wide spectrum of sports, entertainment, leisure activities and superb Indian cuisine, but also contributes to various charitable causes during these events.
The Club is a non profit sharing organisation run by a Board of Trustee's and with help of Membership fees.
The Club provides its members with top class events in the field of Culture preservation, Entertainment, Recreation and promotion/ collaboration of Business.
Copyright 2018 India Club, South Africa - All Rights Reserved.


President Bush last week announced a federal foreign-language initiative intended to strengthen Americans' competence in languages deemed important to national interests.
"[W]hen Americans learn to speak a language, learn to speak Arabic, those in the Arabic region will say, gosh, America is interested in us. They care enough to learn how we speak," Mr. Bush said at the U.S. University Presidents Summit on International Education, a two-day event in Washington sponsored by the departments of State and Education.
The National Security Language Initiative is designed to increase the number of Americans who speak languages such as Arabic, Chinese, Russian, Hindi, and Farsi, among others. The president plans to request $114 million in his fiscal year 2007 budget for the initiative.
The program would allocate $24 million to create incentives to teach and study critical-need languages in K-12 schools by refocusing the Education Department's Foreign Language Assistance Program grants.
Part of the $114 million would also be used in part to provide scholarships for summer, academic year, or semester study abroad, and short-term opportunities for up to 3,000 high school students studying critical-need languages by the summer of 2009.


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The Young Ones TV Listings
Anarchic humour from this influential, offbeat sitcom of the 1980s. The Young Ones follows the lives of four students who share a house together. The four main characters are a psychopathic punk, a melancholic hippy, smooth-talking cool-guy and a pretentious poet who thinks of himself as an anarchist. This classic British comedy series features some of the biggest names in alternative comedy from the time including by Rik Mayall, Ben Elton, Alexei Sayle and Adrian Edmondson. With musical performances from Madness, Motörhead, and The Damned and more.
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text:
Benet IV (Roma, ? – juliol de 903) va ser Papa de l'Església catòlica de l'any 900 al 903. Quan Benet va ser escollit papa, el tron imperial es trobava vacant des del 899, quan Lambert II de Spoleto havia mort en un accident. Berenguer I d'Itàlia, va reclamar el títol imperial però l'escollit va ser Lluís III el cec, i Benet, en l'acte més significatiu del seu pontificat, el va coronar emperador amb l'esperança d'aconseguir el seu ajut contra la invasió hongaresa al nord de la península Itàlica i la musulmana al sud. Però l'esperança va ser en va, ja que Lluís, derrotat per Berenguer, es va veure obligat a abandonar Itàlia i el Papa a la seva sort, cosa que va permetre que sorgissin personatges, com Teofilacte I, la seva esposa Teodora i la filla dels dos, Mariozza, que dominarien els papes durant els següents anys.

Biografia

Orígens i carrera eclesiàstica
Nascut a Roma, era fill d'un tal Mammolo, Benet va ser ordenat sacerdot pel Papa Formós i més tard va ser canonge regular del Laterà.

Pontificat

L'elecció
Va succeir a Joan IX en una data indeterminada entre gener i maig del 900, data aproximada que revela l'estat caòtic que afligia la Roma de l'època, el sagnant conflicte entre les faccions de formosians ("pro-alemanys") i antiformosians ("pro-Spoleto" i nacionalistes). La poca informació que es té, encara que no del tot exacte, només es pot derivar del Liber Pontificalis o del Regesta pontificum romanorum.

El govern de l'Església
Igual que el seu predecessor, Joan, que va seguir la línia político-religiosa, Benet provenia de la facció formosiana, i per tant es trobava en posicions oposades a les d'Esteve VI (896-897), que havia anul·lat totes les ordres del seu predecessor Formós , demanant als sacerdots i als bisbes per escriure cartes en què renunciaven a les seves ordenacions ara invalidades. Els Papes successius Romà, Teodor II i Joan IX invertiren aquesta política eclesiàstica del tot perjudicial per a l'estabilitat de l'Església, i Benet va continuar en aquesta direcció.

Entre els bisbes reintegrats per Benet estava el francès Argrí, bisbe de Langres, qui, després de rebre el pal·li de Formós, havia estat deposat, igual que d'altres, per Esteve VI en 897. Joan IX l'havia restablert, i el 31 d'agost del 900 Benet celebrà un sínode al Laterà, en el qual va confirmar Argrí com a bisbe de Langres.

En el pla pastoral, Benet IV va lluitar en diversos fronts per resoldre qüestions complexes. Excomunicà formalment els assassins de Fulco el Venerable, arquebisbe de Reims assassinat el 17 de juny de 900, i va instar els bisbes francesos que s'adherissin a la decisió. Tot i la prohibició canònica que els bisbes es traslladessin d'una diòcesi a una altra, després de la mort d'Atanasi II, arquebisbe de Nàpols, va intervenir vigorosament en favor de la validesa de l'elecció d'Esteve sobre aquella seu, tot i que fins al 872 havia estat arquebisbe de l'seu de Sorrento. També va defensar vigorosament també a Maclaceno, arquebisbe d'Amàsia (l'actual Amasya) que els turcs (en l'època confosos erròniament amb els sarraïns) havien expulsat de la seva seu, i ell va enviar cartes recomanant a tots els cristians per ajudar-lo i protegir-lo.

Les relacions amb l'Imperi

Al 898 el jove emperador de Lambert II de Spoleto va morir sense descendència, deixant el tron imperial vacant. Benet era molt conscient que, en el buit polític creat, Roma no tenia amics ni aliats, sinó que només tenia  enemics interns i amenaces externes. Abans de les incursions dels hongaresos al nord d'Itàlia i dels sarraïns al sud d'Itàlia, el Papa es va unir a l'opinió de diversos bisbes i nobles italians que pensaven trobar una solució que passava en donar el títol i la corona d'emperador a  Lluís III de Provença, que en el moment semblava ser el senyor feudal militar més poderós i l'hereu més digne de la corona. Al febrer del 901, per tant, Lluís va ser coronat a Roma, però va abandonar la ciutat poc després de la coronació. Durant el retorn Lluís va ser derrotat de forma inesperada en batalla pel desacreditat Berenguer I de Friül que havien recuperat l'avantatge i estava tractant de revertir la situació al seu favor per aconseguir la corona. Abans de sortir de Roma, Lluís havia designat iudices els més il·lustres de la ciutat, incloent a Teofilacte i a Crescenci I, fundador dels Crescenzi, les famílies dels quals acapararien tant la ciutat com el papat en els propers anys.

La mort
Benet IV va morir probablement al juliol de 903 i va ser enterrat a la basílica de Sant Pere. El cronista Flodoardo (894-966), canonge de la catedral de Reims, el va elogiar per la seva generositat amb els pobres.

Referències

Bibliografia

Medieval

Moderna

Enllaços externs

Papes de Roma del segle X
Morts a Roma
Religiosos de Roma
Polítics de Roma