text:
Incidence of pubic bone marrow oedema in Australian rules football players: relation to groin pain
G M Verrall1,
J P Slavotinek2,
G T Fon3
1SPORTSMED•SA Sports Medicine Clinic, Adelaide, Australia
2Department of Radiology, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide
3Perrett Medical Imaging, Adelaide
Correspondence to: Dr G M Verrall, SPORTSMED•SA, 32 Payneham Rd, Stepney, South Australia, 5069 verrallg{at}bigpond.com
Objectives—To examine the relation between the clinical features of groin pain and groin magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances in a group largely comprising elite Australian Rules football players. The incidence of bone marrow oedema and other MRI findings in the pubic symphysis region was noted. The relation between a past history of groin pain and these other MRI findings was also examined.
Method—In a prospective study, 116 male subjects (89 footballers, 17 umpires, 10 sedentary men) were examined before history taking and groin MRI. The clinical history was not known to the examiner (GMV) and radiologists (JPS, GTF). Clinical evidence of groin pain and examination findings were correlated with the presence of increased signal intensity within the pubic bone marrow. A past history of groin pain was correlated with the presence of other MRI findings such as cyst formation, fluid signal within the pubic symphysis disc, and irregularity of the pubic symphysis.
Results—Fifty two athletes (47 footballers, five umpires) had clinical features of groin pain with pubic symphysis and/or superior pubic ramus tenderness. A high incidence of increased signal intensity (77%) within the pubic bone marrow was identified in this group. There was an association between this group of athletes and the MRI finding of increased signal intensity (p<0.01). There was also an association between a past history of groin pain and the presence of other MRI findings (p<0.01).
Conclusions—Athletes with groin pain and tenderness of the pubic symphysis and/or superior pubic ramus have clinical features consistent with the diagnosis of osteitis pubis. The increased signal intensity seen on MRI is due to pubic bone marrow oedema. An association exists between the clinical features of osteitis pubis and the MRI finding of pubic bone marrow oedema. A high incidence of pubic bone marrow oedema was also noted. Degenerative features visualised by MRI, such as subchondral cyst formation, were associated with a past history of groin pain. A stress injury to the pubic bone is the most likely explanation for these MRI findings and may be the cause of the clinical entity osteitis pubis.
osteitis pubis
bone marrow oedema
stress injury
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.35.1.28
Take home message
Athletes that present with chronic groin pain and have tenderness of the pubic symphysis and/or superior pubic ramus have a high likelihood of having pubic bone marrow oedema as visualised by MRI. This oedema is probably a response to bony stress.
Diagnosing the cause of chronic groin pain in sportsmen is difficult. Athletes who participate in sports with repetitive kicking, side to side movement, and twisting seem to be most at risk.1–3 Potential diagnoses include osteitis pubis, adductor muscle/tendon dysfunction, and posterior inguinal wall deficiency (sports hernia).4–9 In the evaluation of groin pain in sportsmen, there is no consensus as to the clinical and investigative approach to treatment. Current investigations may include plain radiography with or without stress views,10, 11 triple phase bone scan,12 ultrasound,13, 14 herniography,6, 15 and computed tomography scanning.16 The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan has been shown to differentiate between some causes of chronic groin pain,17, 18 but to date this technique has not been used extensively in the investigation of athletic groin pain. One retrospective study using MRI scan appearances in 11 soccer players with athletic chronic groin pain speculated that a trabecular microfracture of the superior pubic ramus may result in altered weight bearing and increased stress on the pubic symphysis leading to symphysitis.19
One cause of chronic groin pain in athletes is osteitis pubis, a disorder characterised by pubic pain and chronicity. The cause is considered to be mechanical, with inappropriate stress and shear forces acting on the pubic symphysis.1 Mechanical factors implicated have included limited hip rotation,20 muscle action on the pelvis, in particular the adductor musculature,9, 21 pelvic bone biomechanics,10, 22 and overuse.1, 23 Clinical features of osteitis pubis are described in a study of 59 athletes.1 The typical clinical history is pain that is unilateral and located in the adductor region. The most consistent signs seen were tenderness of the pubic symphysis (seen in 70%) and superior pubic ramus (seen in 40%). These are the usual symptoms described for the clinical diagnosis of osteitis pubis in sports medicine textbooks and groin injury review articles.24–26 Standard investigation of osteitis pubis includes plain radiography (asymmetrical bony erosions with sclerotic bony margins at the symphysis) and the triple phase bone scan (increased uptake on the delayed phase of the scan).1, 10, 12, 27 These investigations are useful for the diagnosis of this condition but are not of prognostic value.1, 6
Australian rules football is a collision contact sport with speed, strength, and agility demands similar to rugby or American football. It differs from these football codes, with more kicking and evasion and higher aerobic demands because of the continuous nature of play and thus is similar to world football. A high level of athletic training is required to play at the elite level in Australian rules football, and a large number of overuse injuries are reported at junior and senior levels.28 As overuse is considered to be associated with the development of sports related chronic groin pain, including the diagnostic entity osteitis pubis, this is a possible explanation for the high incidence of this condition in elite Australian rules football players.
Clinical evaluation and MRI were used to assess a group of athletes, predominantly elite Australian rules football players, with a high incidence of sports related chronic groin pain. The principal aim of the study was to correlate clinical features of groin injury such as pain and tenderness with the MRI finding of pubic bone marrow oedema (BMO). The incidence of groin MRI abnormalities, such as BMO, cyst formation, and irregularity of the pubic symphysis, was recorded, with the relation between a past history of groin pain and these other groin MRI abnormalities also being studied.
After ethical approval from the committee on clinical investigations, signed informed consent was obtained from each participant. Eighty nine footballers, all male, were recruited from two national competition teams (Australian Football League (AFL); n = 60) and one state competition team (South Australian National Football League (SANFL); n = 29). At the end of the preseason, after at least six weeks of intensive training, subjects from each team were recruited with the following priorities: (a) athletes with current groin pain; (b) athletes with previous groin pain; (c) athletes who had never had any previous episode of groin pain.
Seventeen running athletes were recruited from the umpires used for the Australian rules football competitions (AFL and SANFL) as active subjects who, unlike the footballers, do not undertake significant twisting and cutting as part of their training. The training of these umpires is similar to that of distance runners. Each needed to have completed at least six weeks of intensive training and be in the same age range as the football players.
In addition, 10 sedentary men were recruited using the following criteria: (a) no prior episode of groin pain; (b) no physical exercise within the previous six weeks; (c) same age range as the active subjects.
HISTORY AND EXAMINATION
The clinical history was not known to the examiner (GMV) for all athletic subjects (89 footballers, 17 umpires). Clinical examination was performed at the end of the preseason training period after the athletes had undertaken at least six weeks of intensive training. The groin region, hip, and back of the subjects were examined and then a history was obtained by direct interview. Questions sought to ascertain the presence or absence of current groin pain symptoms, location and side of pain, duration of symptoms, and past history of pain.
Tenderness was graded (0 = none; 1 = mild; 2 = moderate; 3 = considerable) for the anterior-superior pubic symphysis. The presence or absence of tenderness was recorded on the right and left sides in relation to the superior pubic ramus, adductor muscle origin, and the region superior to the pubic tubercle.
Subjects were considered symptomatic when they had groin pain located in the pubic symphysis and adjacent pubic bone region, adductor area, and/or lower abdominal area during and/or after exercise occurring in the recent six week preseason period and they also had tenderness of the pubic symphysis and/or adjacent superior pubic ramus.
Pain in the groin region without associated tenderness, and pain with tenderness in locations other than the pubic symphysis and/or superior pubic ramus was noted, but these athletes were not considered symptomatic.
After examination and history taking, MRI scans (1.5T GE Signa, 1.0T Siemens Impact) were performed on all 116 subjects using T1 and fat suppressed T2 sequences. The images were obtained in planes coronal and axial with respect to the pubic body (3–4 mm slices). The time between MRI and examination ranged from 0 to 12 days (median 3 days). Images were independently reviewed without clinical information by two musculoskeletal radiologists (JPS, GTF). Discordant cases were reviewed by the radiologists, and consensus was reached.
T2 fat suppression images were subjectively graded on the right and left side for (a) intensity of bone marrow signal (0 = normal; I = subtle/equivocal; II = moderate; III = severe), (b) size (extent) of signal change (long axis dimension <2 cm, ≥2 cm), and (c) hyperintensity of the adductor muscle origins. BMO was considered present when either grade II or III signal intensity was present, indicating an unequivocal change in bone marrow appearances. When grades 0–I were recorded, BMO was considered absent, as these grades showed no change or subtle/equivocal change in pubic bone marrow appearances.
The region of the pubic symphysis was assessed for irregularity of the pubic symphysis (graded as no change, moderate change, and considerable change) and for the presence or absence of (a) subchondral bone cysts, (b) fluid signal in the pubic symphysis disc, (c) distortion (or "beaking") of the superior pubic symphysis (graded for size into less than or equal to 2 mm, 2–7 mm, and greater than or equal to 8 mm). Additional data recorded separately for the right and left sides included (a) pubic ramus sclerosis, (b) abnormal appearances at the site of the conjoint tendon, and (c) the presence or absence of an inguinal hernia.
Correlation between the presence of symptoms and signs in the athletes and MRI scan findings were assessed by χ2 to calculate significance levels. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant in all analyses.
The basic data for the footballers were as follows: mean (SD) age 22 (3.4) years (range 17–33); mean (SD) height 182 (19.3) cm (range 174–203); mean (SD) weight 85 (8.9) kg (range 64–110). No difference with respect to age, height, or weight was detected between those with pain and tenderness of the pubic symphysis and superior pubic ramus and those without, or between those with BMO and those without. The only difference between the groups was the expected finding of a lower weight for the umpires (70 (6.0) kg (range 65–85)) compared with the footballers.
Fifty two of the 106 athletes (47 of 89 footballers and five of 17 umpires) were considered to have current symptoms (pain) and signs (tenderness of the pubic symphysis and/or superior pubic ramus). One athlete (footballer) had pain but no tenderness. Table 1 gives information on the distribution of pain.
Pain and tenderness characteristics by clinical category
Fifty three athletes (41 footballers, 12 umpires) were without pain. The total number in this group was 54 as it included the athlete with pain but no tenderness. Sixteen of the group (13 footballers and three umpires) had experienced previous episodes of sports related chronic groin pain but had no clinical symptoms at the time of examination.
MRI SCANS: SIGNAL INTENSITY
Seventy six of 106 (72%) athletes (68 footballers and eight umpires) had pubic BMO (figs 1 and 2). A total of 47 of this group of 76 (62%) with pubic BMO (42 footballers and five umpires) had groin pain with tenderness of the pubic symphysis and/or superior pubic ramus.
Fat suppressed T2 image in the plane axial to the pubic bodies. Diffuse marrow oedema (thick arrow) and a small subchondral cyst are present. The adductor origins (thin arrow; this side had some signal intensity change) and the conjoint tendon site (small arrow) are visible.
Fat suppressed coronal T2 image showing beaking of the superior pubic symphysis (thin arrow). Note severe bilateral marrow oedema in pubic bodies extending into the superior pubic rami (thick arrow) with an irregular pubic symphysis joint.
For 49 of this group of 76 (64%) with pubic BMO (46 footballers and three umpires), the size (extent) of signal change was greater than or equal to 2 cm in the long axis. Forty of this group of 49 (81%) with pubic BMO ≥2 cm in size (37 footballers and three umpires) met our symptomatic criteria. Table 2 summarises the incidence of BMO in the groups.
Magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity (grade and size) and subjects by clinical category
There was an association between having symptoms and having BMO on MRI (χ2 test 25.8, p<0.01). As the size of the BMO increased to more than 2 cm, the strength of association increased (χ2 = 46.5, p<0.01). When footballers alone were evaluated, significance was also achieved (χ2 = 9.3, p<0.01).
There was no association between either the group with no symptoms or the group with a past history of groin pain and the finding of BMO or BMO ≥2 cm.
MRI SCANS: OTHER FINDINGS
Table 3 gives other MRI findings (figs 2, 3, and 4). Images also showed the conjoint tendon (medial posterior inguinal wall) site, but no abnormality was detected in this region except in those that had undergone previous surgery to this region. Similarly no inguinal herniae were detected in this study.
Other magnetic resonance imaging scan findings by clinical category
Coronal T1 image showing pubic beaking of the superior pubic symphysis (thick arrow) and a large subchondral cyst (thin arrow).
Same subject as fig 3 . Fat suppressed coronal T2 image showing a subchondral cyst (thick arrow), beaking of the superior pubic symphysis, and moderate marrow oedema of the pubic bodies and adjacent pubic rami. Note also a hyperintense line (thin arrow). The significance of these lines (seen in some subjects) is not understood and is part of a study using correlative computed tomography scans.
Athletes with moderate or considerable tenderness of the pubic symphysis were more likely (χ2 = 12.8, p<0.01) to have pubic beaking of 8 mm or more.
There was an association between a past history of sports related chronic groin pain and each of the following: presence of a bone cyst (χ2 = 9.0, p<0.01); presence of pubic symphyseal fluid (χ2 = 9.4, p<0.01); beaking greater than 3 mm (χ2 = 7.9, p<0.01); moderate/considerable pubic symphysis joint irregularity (χ2 = 13.3, p<0.01). Very few athletes had these findings without any current or previous history of groin pain (table 3).
The clinical features of chronic groin pain with tenderness of the pubic symphysis and/or superior pubic ramus is consistent with the clinical diagnosis of osteitis pubis. It has been stated that making this diagnosis is "clinically relatively easy with bone scan and Xray being helpful in confirmation".1 It was not possible to undertake confirmatory x ray or bone scans in this study. It should also be stated that there is appreciable overlap of symptoms and signs between osteitis pubis and other sports related causes of chronic groin pain such as a sports hernia.5 This is particularly so when considering superior pubic ramus tenderness and the area slightly superior to this being the area of tenderness for a sports hernia. These points should be noted when interpreting the remainder of our discussion about our symptomatic group.
The increased signal intensity of the pubic bone marrow seen in this study indicates BMO, a non-specific finding associated with stress injury.29 Additional causes of BMO include direct trauma, osteomyelitis, and infiltrative neoplasm,30, 31 but these were considered unlikely in the described clinical situation.
As the extent of BMO increased, a larger proportion of athletes were considered to be symptomatic. It has been proposed that MRI detects different stages in the continuum of bony response to stress, with a stress fracture being considered the end result of the biological reaction to external stress.32 The observation that a larger extent of pubic BMO increased the likelihood of symptoms is in keeping with bony stress response.
We used umpires as active running subjects who do not twist and/or cut in their usual training for comparison with the footballers. Of the umpires without pain and tenderness, only 25% had BMO of any degree and none had BMO regarded as significant, compared with the footballers in the same group (62% and 21% respectively; table 2). This is consistent with the known features of osteitis pubis that athletes who twist and turn seem to be most at risk but long distance runners are also affected.1
Five athletes meeting the symptomatic criteria did not have BMO. At the time of the study, two of this group had undertaken at least five months of a restricted training/running rehabilitation programme for groin pain. BMO may have resolved after rehabilitation with restricted training activities, or an alternative entity may have been responsible for the symptoms. Another two of the athletes experienced onset of symptoms in the two weeks before the study. Explanations for this could include (a) incorrect clinical diagnosis and (b) MRI changes may not yet have developed because of the recent onset of the symptoms. It has, however, been suggested that the MRI appearances seen in stress reaction of bone are abnormal before the onset of symptoms.32 The fifth case without BMO had MRI evidence of old Perthes disease and a small hip joint effusion, suggesting that an incorrect diagnosis had been made.
Alternative diagnoses of sports related chronic groin pain such as adductor tendinitis and posterior inguinal wall deficiency were not supported by the findings in this study.
CLINICAL FEATURES AND MRI FINDINGS
As described, there was a correlation between tenderness of the pubic symphysis assessed as grade 2 or above and the presence of beaking of 8 mm or more. Pubic beaking is considered to be due to hypertrophy of the superior pubic ligament and/or osteophyte formation. Tenderness in this region experienced by those with osteitis pubis may be due to pressure on the bony beak during palpation. The presence of superior pubic beaking was taken to indicate degenerative or other significant bony pathology which may also have been responsible for the clinical features.
HYPOTHESIS OF THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF BMO
It is proposed that there are centres of rotation on the pubic bone near the pubic symphysis during simulated walking.33 Mechanical properties of the pubic symphysis joint show that the symphysis has some movement in the shear and rotation planes but resists distraction forces poorly.34 It seems reasonable to state that, in sports requiring intensive aerobic training, kicking, and sudden changes in running direction such as Australian rules football, there is an increase in forces on the pubic bone leading to an increased probability of fatigue bony stress injury in this region. Fatigue stress injuries are thought to be either compressive (common) or tension (uncommon) in nature. A stress fracture results from overload of the bone causing mechanical failure in a bone that is not capable of resisting these forces because of an inability to form sufficient bone (a compressive injury) or excessive bone resorption (a tension injury). It is hypothesised that a tension stress injury of bone seems the most likely cause of the BMO observed in this study, with the proposal being that the bone overload results from tension/torsional forces acting on the centres of rotation in a closed pelvic chain near the pubic symphysis. This remains an area for future study.
HYPOTHESIS OF THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF THE OTHER MRI FINDINGS
A past history of sports related chronic groin pain without current symptoms did not correlate with pubic BMO signal intensity changes but did correlate with other MRI findings suggestive of degenerative symphyseal changes. The BMO seen in this study may represent an acute bony response to stress injury, with other MRI findings developing secondary to chronic motion or instability of the pubic symphysis joint region. Specifically, it is postulated that stresses across the pubic symphysis joint may lead to a loss of ligamentous/capsular integrity at this joint allowing abnormal motion. The latter may lead to degenerative changes, as visualised on MRI scans (superior beaking, pubic symphysis joint irregularity, and fluid signal in the pubic symphysis disc). This hypothesis cannot be verified until it can be shown that these MRI findings are a consequence of a stress response, and hence further investigation is needed. We are currently following the development, or otherwise, of these findings in athletes with a new diagnosis of groin pain and BMO of their pubic bone, with the use of serial MRI scans to attempt to verify our hypothesis.
In the clinical setting of a stress injury, the subsequent development of a movement disorder of the pubic symphysis may explain the degenerative bony changes and the chronicity of symptoms experienced by many sufferers of sports related chronic groin pain.
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THIS STUDY
Strengths of the study include: (a) its design, with examination before history taking; (b) no prior clinical knowledge of the athletes by the examining clinician and radiologists; (c) the strength of association between the clinical features and MRI findings; (d) the limited alternative diagnostic interpretations for the principal MRI finding of BMO as it is most likely a consequence of a stress injury.
Weaknesses include: (a) the interpretation of the clinical features as being consistent with a diagnosis of osteitis pubis without using the gold standard (x ray/bone scan) in making this diagnosis; (b) MRI findings showing no evidence of a sports hernia (posterior inguinal wall deficiency) should be interpreted with caution as it is generally accepted that this diagnosis is clinical only; (c) the interpretation that a tension/torsional force mechanism is the cause of the stress response is speculative as it is also quite likely there are compressive and shear forces; (d) the interpretation that the other MRI findings, such as features of degeneration, have been caused by a stress response is also speculative.
Athletes with groin pain and pubic symphysis and/or superior pubic ramus tenderness have clinical features consistent with the diagnosis of osteitis pubis. The increased signal intensity seen on MRI is due to pubic BMO. Hence an association was shown to exist between the clinical features of osteitis pubis and the MRI finding of pubic BMO. A high incidence of pubic BMO was also noted. Degenerative features on MRI such as subchondral cyst formation were associated with a past history of groin pain. We propose that a stress injury to the pubic bone is the most likely explanation for these MRI findings and may be the cause of the clinical entity osteitis pubis.
The authors acknowledge the financial support of DePuy, South Australian branch for assistance in radiographer payments. We thank Dr Greg Lovell and Dr Peter Barnes for their help with the manuscript and Mr Adrian Esterman, Department of General Practice, Flinders University, Adelaide for performing statistical analyses. We also acknowledge the MRI radiographers at Flinders Medical Centre and Perrett Medical Imaging and we would also like to thank the professional athletes of the football clubs (Adelaide Crows, Port Adelaide Power, and Norwood Redlegs) and umpires (SANFL Umpires group) who gave their time freely to participate in this study.
Presented at the Australian Conference of Science and Medicine in Sport, Adelaide, South Australia in October 1998. Winner of the Young Investigator award for the Best Clinical Paper.
No author or related institution has received any financial benefit from research in this study.
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text:
Q: react function components' setState not applying changes I have a react function component which returns a simple form .
All I want to do is to clear fields' previous errors on submit and then validate fields again.
surprisingly the first call of setState isn't applying changes but the others work fine .
here is the whole code :
import React from "react";
import { TextField, Button } from "@material-ui/core";

export default function EditPresonalInfo() {
  const [fields, setFields] = React.useState({
    username: "",
    usernameHelper: "",
    usernameError: false,
    name: "",
    nameHelper: "",
    nameError: false,
  });

  const submitForm = (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();

    setFields({
      ...fields,
      usernameError: false,
      usernameHelper: "",
      nameError: false,
      nameHelper: "",
    });

    if (fields.username.length < 4) {
      setFields({
        ...fields,
        usernameHelper: "use at least 4 characters",
        usernameError: true,
      });
      return;
    }

    if (fields.name.length < 2) {
      setFields({
        ...fields,
        nameHelper: "use at least 2 characters",
        nameError: true,
      });
      return;
    }
  };

  const handleChange = (fieldName) => (event) => {
    setFields({
      ...fields,
      [fieldName]: event.target.value,
    });
  };

  return (
    <form onSubmit={submitForm}>
      <TextField
        label="username"
        onChange={handleChange("username")}
        error={fields.usernameError}
        value={fields.username}
        helperText={fields.usernameHelper}
      />
      <TextField
        label="name"
        onChange={handleChange("name")}
        error={fields.nameError}
        value={fields.name}
        helperText={fields.nameHelper}
      />
      <Button type="submit">submit</Button>
    </form>
  );
}

can someone help me with what I'm missing and whats wrong?

A: You do not have to set the state for each validation. For this scenario I think it would be best to create your new state first based off of the validations, after which then you set the state.
const submitForm = (e) => {
  e.preventDefault();

  const newFields = { ...fields };

  if (fields.username.length < 4) {
    newFields["usernameHelper"] = "use at least 4 characters";
    newFields["usernameError"] = true;
  } else {
    newFields["usernameHelper"] = "";
    newFields["usernameError"] = false;
  }

  if (fields.name.length < 2) {
    newFields["nameHelper"] = "use at least 2 characters";
    newFields["nameError"] = true;
  } else {
    newFields["nameHelper"] = "";
    newFields["nameError"] = false;
  }

  setFields(newFields);
};

A: this one worked for me
 const submitForm = (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();
    let usernameHelper = "";
    let usernameError = false;
    let nameError = false;
    let nameHelper = "";

    if (fields.username.length < 4) {
      usernameHelper = "use at least 4 characters";
      usernameError = true;
    }
    if (fields.name.length < 2) {
      nameHelper = "use at least 2 characters";
      nameError = true;
    }
    setFields({
      ...fields,
      usernameError: usernameError,
      usernameHelper: usernameHelper,
      nameError: nameError,
      nameHelper: nameHelper,
    });
  };

A: I understand from this you want to apply some validation to your form and hence you're already using MaterialUI, I suggest that you follow this link https://react-hook-form.com/get-started#Applyvalidation. You will find best practices there and easier implementaions.

A: I was mistakenly using setFields to change fields at the moment,
It can instead be done explicitly like this
const submitForm = (e) => {
    e.preventDefault();

    fields.nameError= false
    fields.usernameError= false
    fields.nameHelper= ""
    fields.usernameHelper= ""

    if (fields.name.length < 2) {
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      fields.nameError = true;
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    if (fields.username.length < 4) {
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Pygame bullets list. pygame.Sprite.Group. Bullets do not work The ship in the project is not firing bullets. the bullet list has a value of pygame.sprite.group but it cannot do anything like adding a bullet or updating. I have made another project very similar (on my page). The other project has pygame.sprite.group inside it and that works. How come this one does not:
import pygame
import random
import sys

pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((1280, 720))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()  # A clock to limit the frame rate.
pygame.display.set_caption("this game")

class Background:
    picture = pygame.image.load("C:/images/cliff.jpg").convert()
    picture = pygame.transform.scale(picture, (1280, 720))

    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.xpos = x
        self.ypos = y

    def draw(self):
        screen.blit(self.picture, (self.xpos, self.ypos))

class player_first:
    picture = pygame.image.load("C:/aliens/ezgif.com-crop.gif")
    picture = pygame.transform.scale(picture, (200, 200))

    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.xpos = x
        self.ypos = y
        self.speed_x = 0
        self.speed_y = 0
        self.rect = self.picture.get_rect()

    def update(self):
        self.xpos += self.speed_x
        self.ypos += self.speed_y

    def draw(self):      #left right
        #screen.blit(pygame.transform.flip(self.picture, True, False), self.rect)
        screen.blit(self.picture, (self.xpos, self.ypos))

class player_second:
    picture = pygame.image.load("C:/aliens/Giantmechanicalcrab2.gif")
    picture = pygame.transform.scale(picture, (200, 200))

    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.xpos = x
        self.ypos = y
        self.speed_x = 0
        self.speed_y = 0
        self.rect = self.picture.get_rect()

    def update(self):
        self.xpos += self.speed_x
        self.ypos += self.speed_y

    def draw(self):      #left right
        #screen.blit(pygame.transform.flip(self.picture, True, False), self.rect)
        screen.blit(self.picture, (self.xpos, self.ypos))

class Bullet(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    picture = pygame.image.load("C:/aliens/giphy.gif").convert_alpha()
    picture = pygame.transform.scale(picture, (100, 100))

    def __init__(self):
        self.xpos = 360
        self.ypos = 360
        self.speed_x = 0
        super().__init__()
        self.rect = self.picture.get_rect()

    def update(self):
        self.xpos += self.speed_x

    def draw(self):
        screen.blit(self.picture, (self.xpos, self.ypos))
        #self.screen.blit(pygame.transform.flip(self.picture, False, True), self.rect)

    def is_collided_with(self, sprite):
        return self.rect.colliderect(sprite.rect)

player_one = player_first(0, 0)
player_two = player_first(1280, 0)
cliff = Background(0, 0)
bullet_list = pygame.sprite.Group()

while True:

    for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                pygame.quit()
                sys.exit()

            elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                if event.key == pygame.K_w:
                    player_one.speed_y = -5

                elif event.key == pygame.K_s:
                    player_one.speed_y = 5

                elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                    player_two.speed_y = -5

                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                    player_two.speed_y = 5

                elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
                    bullet = Bullet

                    bullet.ypos = player_one.ypos
                    bullet.xpos = player_one.xpos

                    bullet.speed_x = 14

                    bullet_list.add(bullet)

            elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
                # Stop moving when the keys are released.
                if event.key == pygame.K_s and player_one.speed_y > 0:
                    player_one.speed_y = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_w and player_one.speed_y < 0:
                    player_one.speed_y = 0

                elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN and player_one.speed_y > 0:
                    player_two.speed_y = 0
                elif event.key == pygame.K_UP and player_one.speed_y < 0:
                    player_two.speed_y = 0

    player_one.update()
    player_two.update()
    cliff.draw()
    player_one.draw()
    player_two.draw()

    bullet_list.update()

    for bullet in bullet_list:
            bullet.draw()

    pygame.display.flip()
    clock.tick(60)

A: Here's a list of problems with your code:

*

*When the space key is pressed, you don't create an instance of Bullet, since you forgot to actually call the class (a.k.a. you missed the ()).

*The Background class seems pretty useless. You could use Sprite to make use of pygame's built-in features (like using a Group) or use a single image as background for a LayeredUpdates-group. Other than that, creating a class you only use once just for a single image is overkill.

*Your classes player_first and player_second are identical. No need to create different classes of objects that are different just in data. Use a single class and pass the filename for the image as parameter.

*You already use Sprite for the Bullet class. Why don't you use it also for the player class?

*You subclass Sprite with your Bullet, but a Sprite should have an image attribute for it to work with a Group instance.

*You don't need a draw function in a Sprite.

*You don't need attributes like xpos and ypos since you store the position of a Sprite in its rect attribute (again, to be able to work with Group and its subclasses).


text:
Political institutions and economic performance: The effects of accountability and obstacles to policy change
Allen Hicken, Shanker Satyanath, Ernest Sergenti
Numerous analyses have been conducted on how political institutions affect economic performance. In recent years the emphasis has been on a causal logic that emphasizes institutional obstacles to policy change, such as those presented by multiple veto points. This has especially been the case when it comes to the important question of how political institutions influence governments' responses to exogenous economic shocks. We make the case for a substantial broadening of focus and show that when it comes to a major type of exogenous shock, a forced exchange-rate devaluation, variations in the breadth of accountability of the chief executive are more robustly associated with the post-shock growth recovery than variations in obstacles to policy change. We first argue that the size of the winning coalition will be positively associated with growth recoveries following forced devaluations. We then use a newly developed measure of the size of the winning coalition to test our claim. Our statistical analysis is based on a study of the responses of 44 countries to forced exchange-rate devaluations in the late 1990s.
American Journal of Political Science
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Political institutions and economic performance: The effects of accountability and obstacles to policy change'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
devaluation Social Sciences
political institution Social Sciences
coalition Social Sciences
responsibility Social Sciences
economics Social Sciences
chief executive Social Sciences
logic Social Sciences
Hicken, A., Satyanath, S., & Sergenti, E. (2005). Political institutions and economic performance: The effects of accountability and obstacles to policy change. American Journal of Political Science, 49(4), 897-907. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2005.00162.x
Political institutions and economic performance : The effects of accountability and obstacles to policy change. / Hicken, Allen; Satyanath, Shanker; Sergenti, Ernest.
In: American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 49, No. 4, 10.2005, p. 897-907.
Hicken, A, Satyanath, S & Sergenti, E 2005, 'Political institutions and economic performance: The effects of accountability and obstacles to policy change', American Journal of Political Science, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 897-907. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2005.00162.x
Hicken A, Satyanath S, Sergenti E. Political institutions and economic performance: The effects of accountability and obstacles to policy change. American Journal of Political Science. 2005 Oct;49(4):897-907. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2005.00162.x
Hicken, Allen ; Satyanath, Shanker ; Sergenti, Ernest. / Political institutions and economic performance : The effects of accountability and obstacles to policy change. In: American Journal of Political Science. 2005 ; Vol. 49, No. 4. pp. 897-907.
@article{0d9ac6d755e943168a2a565f05dc834d,
title = "Political institutions and economic performance: The effects of accountability and obstacles to policy change",
abstract = "Numerous analyses have been conducted on how political institutions affect economic performance. In recent years the emphasis has been on a causal logic that emphasizes institutional obstacles to policy change, such as those presented by multiple veto points. This has especially been the case when it comes to the important question of how political institutions influence governments' responses to exogenous economic shocks. We make the case for a substantial broadening of focus and show that when it comes to a major type of exogenous shock, a forced exchange-rate devaluation, variations in the breadth of accountability of the chief executive are more robustly associated with the post-shock growth recovery than variations in obstacles to policy change. We first argue that the size of the winning coalition will be positively associated with growth recoveries following forced devaluations. We then use a newly developed measure of the size of the winning coalition to test our claim. Our statistical analysis is based on a study of the responses of 44 countries to forced exchange-rate devaluations in the late 1990s.",
author = "Allen Hicken and Shanker Satyanath and Ernest Sergenti",
journal = "American Journal of Political Science",
T1 - Political institutions and economic performance
T2 - The effects of accountability and obstacles to policy change
AU - Hicken, Allen
AU - Satyanath, Shanker
AU - Sergenti, Ernest
N2 - Numerous analyses have been conducted on how political institutions affect economic performance. In recent years the emphasis has been on a causal logic that emphasizes institutional obstacles to policy change, such as those presented by multiple veto points. This has especially been the case when it comes to the important question of how political institutions influence governments' responses to exogenous economic shocks. We make the case for a substantial broadening of focus and show that when it comes to a major type of exogenous shock, a forced exchange-rate devaluation, variations in the breadth of accountability of the chief executive are more robustly associated with the post-shock growth recovery than variations in obstacles to policy change. We first argue that the size of the winning coalition will be positively associated with growth recoveries following forced devaluations. We then use a newly developed measure of the size of the winning coalition to test our claim. Our statistical analysis is based on a study of the responses of 44 countries to forced exchange-rate devaluations in the late 1990s.
AB - Numerous analyses have been conducted on how political institutions affect economic performance. In recent years the emphasis has been on a causal logic that emphasizes institutional obstacles to policy change, such as those presented by multiple veto points. This has especially been the case when it comes to the important question of how political institutions influence governments' responses to exogenous economic shocks. We make the case for a substantial broadening of focus and show that when it comes to a major type of exogenous shock, a forced exchange-rate devaluation, variations in the breadth of accountability of the chief executive are more robustly associated with the post-shock growth recovery than variations in obstacles to policy change. We first argue that the size of the winning coalition will be positively associated with growth recoveries following forced devaluations. We then use a newly developed measure of the size of the winning coalition to test our claim. Our statistical analysis is based on a study of the responses of 44 countries to forced exchange-rate devaluations in the late 1990s.
JO - American Journal of Political Science
JF - American Journal of Political Science

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Шаховска студија је компонована шаховска позиција у којој постоји форсиран, јединствен пут до победе, или до ремија. Већ два века такву позицију из нејасних разлога зовемо студијом. Та позиција по правилу има карактер завршнице, јер аутор примењује уметнички принцип економичности и тежи што мањем броју фигура.

На једном високом нивоу, студија представља готово уметничку форму на коју се могу применити стриктни закони оригиналности, разноликости, креативности, склада и лепоте. При томе, наравно, студија мора бити коректна, а то је обавеза која од композитора студије захтева готово такву дисциплину каква се тражи у научном раду. Доказивање почива на анализи, и задатак је који многим ентузијастима представља велики изазов.

Студија није коректна у два случаја:
 ако постоји и помоћно решење с којим композитор студије није рачунао, или
 ако намеравано решење има пропуст.

Неопходна је велика вештина, по свом карактеру равна вештини практичног мајстора да се креира позиција у којој бели има јединствене потезе, а црни рачуна на занимљиву противигру.

Студије нису тако популарне као шаховски проблеми. Знатно су теже за решавање, а осим тога захтевају од решавача завидно познавање шаховских завршница, што је за разумевање решења преко потребно. Али, између студије и практичне игре постоји велика сродност и сваки шахиста налази задовољство у овој дубокој грани шаха, која понекад апсорбује целокупни интерес љубитеља, па се они за "обичну игру" и не занимају.

Види још
 Проблемски шах

Спољашње везе
 Светска шаховска Федерација ФИДЕ
 Албуми ФИДЕ - најзначајнија проблемска публикација
 Билтен Друштва проблемиста Југославије
 Колекција шаховских студија (француски)
 Приручник за шаховску композицију

Шаховски проблеми
Шаховски термини

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home » NHL TEAMS » Blackhawks » Drew Commesso selected for U.S. Olympic team
Drew Commesso selected for U.S. Olympic team
Eric Andrews January 14, 2022 January 14, 2022
Chicago Blackhawks goaltender prospect Drew Commesso was named to the U.S. Olympic team on Jan. 13, 2022. (Photograph courtesy of Clifton Ramey)
The roster for the U.S. Olympic men's ice hockey team was announced on Thursday, and among those selected were Blackhawks goaltender prospect Drew Commesso.
Introducing the 25 men headed to Beijing! 👏#WinterOlympics | @TeamUSA 🇺🇸
— USA Hockey (@usahockey) January 13, 2022
Of course, the honor will be Commesso's first Olympic appearance being just 19 years old. However, Commesso is no stranger to representing his country on the international stage. Commesso, selected 46th overall by the Blackhawks in the 2020 NHL Entry Draft, came up through the U.S. National Team Development Program and wore the red, white and blue in the 2019 Under-17 World Junior Championships, 2021 World Championships and 2022 Under-20 World Junior Championships prior to their cancelation.
With the NHL pulling out from the Olympics, the rosters will look far different than originally anticipated, being comprised of college players, minor leaguers and European league players. The U.S. team features a solid mix of the categories, though many will be excited to see the youth on display, highlighted by four additional players who represented the U.S. at the 2022 Under-20 World Championships. Also of note for Chicago hockey fans are three former members of the Chicago Steel.
The U.S. roster is as follows:
Nick Abruzzese — Harvard University (NCAA)
Kenny Agostino — Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod (KHL)
Matty Beniers — University of Michigan (NCAA)
Brendan Brisson — University of Michigan (NCAA)
Noah Cates — University of Minnesota-Duluth (NCAA)
Sean Farrell — Harvard University (NCAA)
Sam Hentges — St. Cloud State University (NCAA)
Matthew Knies — University of Minnesota (NCAA)
Marc McLaughlin — Boston College (NCAA)
Ben Meyers — University of Minnesota (NCAA)
Andy Miele — Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod (KHL)
Brian O'Neill — Jokerit (KHL)
Nick Shore — Sibir Novosibirsk (KHL)
Nathan Smith — Minnesota State University (NCAA)
Brian Cooper — IK Oskarshamn (SHL)
Brock Faber — University of Minnesota (NCAA)
Drew Helleson — Boston College (NCAA)
Steven Kampfer — Ak Bars Kazan (KHL)
Aaron Ness — Providence Bruins (AHL)
Nick Perbix — St. Cloud State University (NCAA)
Jake Sanderson — University of North Dakota (NCAA)
David Warsofsky — ERC Ingolstadt (DEL)
Drew Commesso — Boston University (NCAA)
Strauss Mann — Skelleftea AIK (SHL)
Pat Nagle — Lehigh Valley Phantoms (AHL)
The Olympics begin on Feb. 3 in Beijing, China.
Blackhawks, Eric Andrews Blackhawks, DrewCommesso, Olympics, USAHockey, USOlympicTeam
Alex DeBrincat named as Blackhawks' all-star representative
Jordan Eberle selected as first-ever Kraken all-star representative
Center Ice › Forums › Drew Commesso selected for U.S. Olympic team
This topic has 0 replies, 1 voice, and was last updated 3 days, 21 hours ago by
Eric Andrews.
January 14, 2022 at 11:00 am #21782
Eric Andrews
The roster for the U.S. Olympic men's ice hockey team was announced on Thursday, and among those selected were Blackhawks goaltender prospect Drew Com
[To continue reading full article, click here: Drew Commesso selected for U.S. Olympic team]


text:
Кубок Республики Беларусь по футзалу 2017/2018 (официально — XXIII кубок Республики Беларусь по футзалу) прошел с 24 ноября 2017 по 8 февраля 2018 года. Финальный матч турнира прошёл в день 25-летия Белорусской федерации футзала. В турнире участвовали 16 команд. Победу в кубке Беларуси одержал червенский «Строитель».

Участники

Расписание

Групповой этап

Группа «Барановичи»

Группа «Гомель»

Группа «Минск»

Группа «Столбцы»

Плей-офф

См. также
 Чемпионат Белоруссии по футзалу 2017/2018
 Кубок Белоруссии по футзалу

Примечания

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт Белорусской федерации футзала

Кубок Белоруссии по футболу в залах


text:
Salt, Valley of
Salt, Valley Of (Heb. גֵּיא מֵלִח, Gey Melach, but twice with the article, גֵּ הִמֶּלִח; Sept. Γεβελέμ, Γεμελέδ, κοιλὰς [or φάραγξ] τῶν ἁλῶν; v.r. Γημαλά, Γαιμελά; Vulg. Vallis Salinarum), a certain valley — or perhaps more accurately a "ravine," the Hebrew word gey appearing to bear that signification — in which occurred two memorable victories of the Israelitish arms.
1. That of David over the Edomites (2Sa 8:13; 1Ch 18:12). It appears to have immediately followed his Syrian campaign, and was itself one of the incidents of the great Edomitish war of extermination. The battle in the Valley of Salt appears to have been conducted by Abishai (1Ch 18:12), but David and Joab were both present in person at the battle and in the pursuit and campaign which followed; and Joab was left behind for six months to consummate the: doom of the conquered country (1Ki 11:15-16; Ps 60, title). The number of Edomites slain in the battle is uncertain: the narratives of Samuel and Chronicles both give it at 18,000, but this figure is lowered in the title of Psalm 55 to 12,000. SEE DAVID.
2. That of Amaziah (2Ki 14:7; 2Ch 25:11), who is related to have slain 10,000 Edomites in this valley, and then to have proceeded with 10,000 prisoners to the stronghold of the nation at has- Sela, the Cliff, i.e. Petra, and, after taking it, to have massacred them by hurling them down the precipice which gave its ancient name to the city. See EDOM.
Neither of these notices affords any clue to the situation of the Valley of Salt, nor does the cursory mention of the name ("Gemela" and "Mela") in the Onomasticon. By Josephus it is not named on either occasion. Seetzen (Reisen, 2, 356) was probably the first to suggest that it was the broad, open plain which lies at the lower end of the Dead Sea, and intervenes between the lake itself and the range of heights which crosses the valley at six or eight miles to the south. The same view is taken (more decisively) by Dr. Robinson (Bib. Res. 2, 109). The plain is in fact the termination of the Gh8r or valley through which the Jordan flows from the Lake of Tiberias to the Dead Sea. Its northwest corner is occupied by the Khashm Usdum, a mountain of rock salt, between which and the lake is an extensive salt marsh, while salt streams and brackish springs pervade, more or less, the entire western half of the plain. Without presuming to contradict this suggestion, which yet can hardly be affirmed with safety in the very imperfect condition of our knowledge of the inaccessible regions south and southeast of the Dead Sea, it may be well to call attention to some considerations which seem to stand in the way of the implicit reception which most writers have given it since the publication of Dr. Robinson's Researches. (So Van de Velde, Memoir, p. 346; also Keil on 2 Kings 14:7.) SEE SODOM.
(a.) The word Gey (גֵּיא), employed for the place in question, is not elsewhere applied to a broad valley or sunk plain of the nature of the lower Ghor. Such tracts are denoted in the Scripture by the word Emek or Bika'ah, while Gey appears to be reserved for clefts or ravines of a deeper and narrower character. SEE VALLEY.
(b.) A priori, one would expect the tract in question to be called in. Scripture by the peculiar name uniformly applied to the more northern parts of the same valley, ha-Arabah, in the same manner that the Arabs now call it el-Ghor, "Ghor" being their equivalent for the Hebrew "Arabah." SEE ARABAH.
(c.) The name "Salt," though at first sight conclusive, becomes less so on reflection. It does not follow, because the Hebrew word melach signifies salt, that therefore the valley was salt. A case exactly parallel exists at el- Milh, the representative of the ancient Moladah, some sixteen miles south of Hebron. Like melach, milh signifies salt; but there is no reason to believe that there is any salt present there, and Dr. Robinson (Bib. Res. 2, 201, note) himself justly adduces it as "an instance of the usual tendency of popular pronunciation to reduce foreign proper names to a significant form." Just as el-Milh is the Arabic representative of the Hebrew Moladah, so possibly was Gey Melach the Hebrew representative of some archaic Edomitish name.
(d.) What little can be inferred from the narrative as to the situation of the Gey Melach is in favor of its being nearer to Petra. Assuming Selah to be Petra (the chain of evidence for which is tolerably connected), it seems difficult to believe that a large body of prisoners should have been dragged for upwards of fifty miles through the heart of a hostile and most difficult country merely for massacre. SEE PETRA.
It would seem probable from the above considerations that the sacred writers do not refer to the Arabah, or great plain south of the Dead Sea, but rather to one or other of the passes leading from it, either up into Judah, on the one side, or Edom, on the other. Wady Zuweireh, a well known pass at the northern end of the salt range of Usdum, might be the one meant, though the scope of the narrative would rather seem to locate it nearer Edom. Schwarz (Palest. p. 21, 22) fixes the valley at the same point, the southwest extremity of the Dead Sea, and thinks that Zoar is called the "City of Salt" in Jos 15:62, because of the salt mountain near it. SEE SALT, CITY OF.
← Salt, Ecclesiastical Use of
Salter, Richard, Dd →


text:
Home » Classical + Opera
De Waart leads dramatic Mozart-Wagner mix capping CSO's brief pandemic survival season
Submitted by Nancy Malitz on Jun 12, 2021 – 2:17 pm
Well-spaced and masked, audience and musicians venture toward normal. (Photos by Anne Ryan)
Review: The Chicago Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Edo de Waart, closes out its mini-season. Program repeats June 12 and 13.
By Lawrence B. Johnson
There was an assured directness, unmannered and unhurried, in conductor Edo de Waart's excursion through Mozart's Symphony No. 40 in G minor with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. The music's customary darkness gave way to an expansive spirit in a performance that converged issues of tempo and rhythm into their expressive essence simply as pulse.
That almost gemütlich 40th Symphony capped the matinee concert of Mozart and Wagner I heard June 11 at Orchestra Hall, the final program in a three-week CSO mini-season that refused to let the pandemic sweep away all. If it was not the full Chicago Symphony on stage, the masked, socially distanced contingent was at least a healthy representation, and its sound was recognizably vigorous, lustrous and poised.
Edo de Waart's highly personal take on Mozart exuded buoyancy and rare charm.
Likewise pandemic-defiant was the very presence of De Waart, who turned 80 on June 1. Former music director of the San Francisco Symphony, music director-emeritus of the Milwaukee Symphony, De Waart is also a longtime friend of the CSO whose authoritative leadership on this occasion lifted the concert well above the level of make-shift or make-do. For 60 minutes, a scant, socially distanced audience of 398 was reminded of why music and especially this orchestra are so important in their lives. Witness the noisy ovations that seemed to swell beyond the scope of the source.
The Chicago Symphony's first violins, restricted one to a stand.
Even though the City of Chicago officially shed its mask the morning of this performance, the Chicago Symphony opted to keep all pandemic protocols in place through the remaining concerts June 12 and 13. Patrons are assigned arrival times according to their seat locations, and everyone in the building is required to wear a mask – including members of the audience, even while seated. Except for wind players, all the musicians also continue to wear masks. The conductor, too, was masked.
Perhaps because we've been looking at each other's shielded faces for so many months, masks on stage have not been a compromising visual issue. Nor was the scattering of musicians about the stage, which also had been the case for the two previous programs in this brief series. More striking by far was the large and welcome assembly of CSO musicians and the restoration of their disciplined, stylish playing. Mozart's elegantly shaped and compelling 40th Symphony brought this little season to a grand consummation.
If De Waart's tempos in the G minor Symphony were comparatively slow from the outset, his clear-sighted and expressive phrasing allowed the music's inner voices to sparkle and the CSO's collective virtuosity to display itself. Nothing was tossed away or glossed over in the opening movement's agitation or in the finale's welling surge. The slow movement, the one place where De Waart actually pushed the tempo a bit, acquired an uncommon and quite fetching buoyancy. And Mozart's darkly tinged minuet took on an ear-opening lightness. All told, a highly personalized 40th Symphony possessed of rare charm.
In copyist's hand, 'Siegfried Idyll' (Wiki Commons)
De Waart also opened his program with Mozart, the Overture to "Don Giovanni," a clever bookend to the 40th Symphony in its shadowy aspect and shifting emotional ground. By devices as seemingly elementary as rising and falling figurations, Mozart evokes, even in this overture, the sexually predatory Giovanni's obsessive, unstable and threatening character. The CSO framed that ominous portrait with finely contoured string playing, punctuated by winds and brasses that caught the dreadful chill of Giovanni's soul, so inaccessible to human empathy that he could invite the stone statue of a man he had killed to supper.
As sunny relief at the midpoint of this uninterrupted concert came Wagner's "Siegfried Idyll," which the composer wrote as a present for his wife Cosima after the birth of their son Siegfried in 1869. The music, which possesses all the bucolic warmth and heart's ease that the title suggests, was cast originally for 13 instruments but subsequently orchestrated to nearly three times that size for concert performance. De Waart and the CSO captured the work's fundamental gentleness as well as its understated sensuality and pervasive radiance – a welcome calm in a global storm still evident amid the precautions on view everywhere at Orchestra Hall.


I want to enter items from that table in a form but looking through all of them is a pain, so I'd like to restrict the ones that get shown by the listbox using another listbox that lists the categories of items.
I've tryed with a sample database and copied basic code for 2 days... but can't get it to work!
In this database example I have names of people with which I'd like to make apointments... try i out.
Last edited by Aquarina on Wed Sep 15, 2010 9:47 am, edited 1 time in total.
I am not sure if the database you posted is a suitable example but I have added a form document to that database which may be what you are seeking. I have attached the amended version.
Hopefully somewhere in that lengthy note you will find some pointers.
Last edited by Arineckaig on Sun Oct 10, 2010 5:14 pm, edited 1 time in total.
This is what you get when you do things late at night too tired to think!
I still didn't have time to read all the documentation you kindly sent me, but I've been reading all through this forum on various posts but all seem to use table control, as you do. I'd realy like to use a dropdown box or a listbox.
Last edited by Aquarina on Sun Sep 12, 2010 11:16 am, edited 1 time in total.
I'd realy like to use a dropdown box or a listbox.
It is certainly possible to use a drop down box, and you will have seen that method described (alas at some length) in the download explanation. As, however, a selection from a List or Combo box does not move the record pointer in the record set it does not cause an automatic refresh of a linked sub-form. Instead it requires the data form (whether a sub-form or a separate form) that is to be filtered to be refreshed manually: for example, by clicking a suitable button. Of course that refresh can be done by a macro triggered by an event from the selection. In my limited experience there is then significant potential for unreliability, unless great care is taken to select the correct event to trigger the refresh. In short, a button is reliable and no great extra effort for the user.
Well, I still didn't figure it out, but you documentation defenetly seems to point me in the right direction. In conjunction with the rest of the documentation in this formum, I'm sure I'll figure it out.
I have now had a chance to look at your database, but have several questions.
I am having some difficulty in understanding the design of your database. Clearly each of the "groups" has many "names", but it would appear that no "names" belongs to more than one group. Thus it appears to be a one to many relationship and the "names-groups" table is redundant. The "meetings" table has only two records. so it is not easy to appreciate its relationships. I presume one "names" will have many "meetings" dates, but is to be expected that one "meetings" date will have more than one "names"? If so you will need a "names-dates" linking table to handle the many to many relationship?
Am I right to assume that the "V.1" form document is your ultimate aim?
Am I right to suspect your "groups" have more significance in their own right than just representing the initial letter of the "names"?
My apologies for coming back with so many questions but any suggestions I could make would be pointless without a better understanding of the design of your large database.
Arineckaig wrote: I am having some difficulty in understanding the design of your database.
No surprise :-/ I'm just now trying to make some sense of databases.
Arineckaig wrote: Clearly each of the "groups" has many "names", but it would appear that no "names" belongs to more than one group. Thus it appears to be a one to many relationship and the "names-groups" table is redundant.
That's exactly that. One name has one group. One group has many names. The "names-groups" table states what names belongs in what group. I don't understand why it is redundant. I can imagine I could have had a "group" field in the "names" table, but... can't it be done this way?
Arineckaig wrote: The "meetings" table has only two records. so it is not easy to appreciate its relationships. I presume one "names" will have many "meetings" dates, but is to be expected that one "meetings" date will have more than one "names"? If so you will need a "names-dates" linking table to handle the many to many relationship?
Well... the "meetings" table is that "names-dates" table you mention. Imagine you're a doctor and those names (the clients) consult you. You register that on that "meetings" table so you don't forget what you did.
I believe you coult take a look at the relationships tool where, by the way, I forgot to establish the relationship 1 "names.id" to many "meetings.name". That could explain a little bit more.
Arineckaig wrote: Am I right to assume that the "V.1" form document is your ultimate aim?
Yes, "V.1" is the design I would like to have. It should let me: 1 - enter a date in the meetings table, 2 - filter the names apearing on the next listbox. 3 - enter a name in the meetings table in the same record as the date I just entered.
Arineckaig wrote: Am I right to suspect your "groups" have more significance in their own right than just representing the initial letter of the "names"?
This is just a sample database, but in my real one, yes. It's meant to sort topics out of subjects just like, in here, we sot names out of their initial letters.
city_country.odb shows a simple subform model where record sets are filtered by means of the selected entry in the parent form. One form lets you edit the relation (assign a new citie's country), the other form shows the cities of a selected country. For 150 countries and thousands of cities this is quite usable.
shopping.odb implements a many-to-many relation (each shop has many items) with 2 sectors clothing and fruit. The list boxes in a shop's product lists are filtered by one record set in the top-level form.
Using the built-in form filter you can use a list box, combo box, text control as a filtering list box. Text controls have a property "Filter Proposal". WIth this option set, you push the filter button, select an entry from a list box that used to be the text box and apply the filter.
I fixed your Assets.odb so it works with a one-to-many relation (each model belongs to one brand) and the form based filter works with the text box (asset) and the list box (brand) likewise.
I, now, have too much material to deal with! Crucial timing in work also. let's see if I can handle all of that.
As you can imagine, I have been reading, mainly, posts from you, kabing and the neoofice "To Base and Back Again" docs.
I'm really thankfull to you all.
I, now, have too much material to deal with! Crucial timing in work also.
The key addition is the form document "V.0-Amended". The result is far from ideal, but with more than 27,000 records WHERE clauses in frequent repeated SQL selects can cause excessive delays. The form document indicates the order of actions required by the user: clicking a button after selecting from the each of first two list boxes is necessary I regret. Due to the delay in filling the names list box after a group has been selected is likely to be even more frustrating if the user were not to have initiated the action. Any delay of more than a second or two is too easily seen as a program failure.
You will see I have added a "groupID" field to the "names" table to reflect the one to many relationship between groups and names. One effect has been to reduce the size of the .odb by more than 50%. In the "V.0-Amended" form document I have chosen to show the final "meetings" data form in a table/grid control: it could easily be changed to show one record at a time if so preferred.
The embedded HSQL database engine is not best suited for a database with this number of potential records: it is too easy for the file to become corrupted if there should any glitch when the data is compacted after having been expanded into memory. If serious use is to be made of the data, I strongly advise a separate back end such as MySQL.
I've spent some time now studying the material you provided, Arineckaig, and I think I now understand one or two concepts that I just didn't have. Now I think it's just a matter of playing with it a little bit more and make use of what I just learned.
I'll mark this subject as "solved" as I think the explanations ar (more than) sufficient, even if it'll take some time for me to absorb it all.
Your explanations where realy helpfull and I am realy greatfull for the time you spent explaining key concepts to someone tha "just doesn't have a clue" about how databases work. Realy great work!
You too Villeroy. Keep on this great work of help.
Villeroy wrote: city_country.odb shows a simple subform model where record sets are filtered by means of the selected entry in the parent form. One form lets you edit the relation (assign a new citie's country), the other form shows the cities of a selected country. For 150 countries and thousands of cities this is quite usable.
Sorry to revive old posts, but I would ask just a question. There is a macro to do exactly what the refresh button does in the shopping db? I did the same with my db, but I would like to do it automatically without buttons. Thanks.
Of course there are plenty of macros for everything you want to do. All it takes is somebody to write it.
Villeroy wrote: Of course there are plenty of macros for everything you want to do. All it takes is somebody to write it.
Basic? In OOo you don't have to use that underdog language. Use Java instead. However, any language is difficult if you don't know what to say.


text: Pupils at St Michael's value and actively participate in the Christian life and mission of our school. The children have respect for themselves and others and know that they are made in the image and likeness of God. This is exemplified in the way that the children behave towards one another: how they speak and listen, give thanks, notice each other's kindnesses, forgive and are forgiven in turn. Our pupils want to reach out to their community and make a difference in the world beyond the community too, in small ways, and larger ones also. The children regularly contribute to our church Foodbank and support charities such as Plan International, Water Aid, Comic Relief and Children in Need. The children at St Michael's actively participate in enriching Christain faith opportunities provided by the school, such as faith visits, visitors and retreats e.g. regular visits to the St Michael's Church, Westminster Abbey, St Paul's Cathedral, regular visits from our parish vicar and youth workers to school, and an annual pilgrimage to Walsingham in Year 5. Children at St Michael's have an understanding of what it means to have a vocation or mission and they joyfully offer their gifts in the service of others e.g. singing for the public at Christmas, and by collecting food for the local homeless and FoodBank charity We are very fortunate to have strong and valuable links with our parish community and the children enjoy participating in parish and church celebrations and activities. Our children, from Reception to Year 6, grow in confidence and express pride in their own religious and cultural identity and beliefs. This is shown through their full participation in the prayer services and masses in classes and with the whole school, parents and parish community.


By the looks of it, we're getting a KILLER new album!!!
Please like our page on Facebook and share this interview, guys. We appreciate your support. And those that share it and like our page can PM me, and I can send you the audio of the interview if you're interested.
Nicely done. Thanks for sharing. I like how you weaved the questions so that it reads very organically. One of my pet peeves (as a former reporter) is that too many people do Q&As and it really just dead-pan and jumps. You wrote it so that it flowed very well. Great work.
From memory, JP did come out and say he was a big Disney fan in the promotional interviews for the album. He's never hid that influence he was very open about it.
Also adding my thanks to Rodrigo for a really good interview and for transcribing it for us. I'm another old fashioned guy who prefers to read stuff than watch videos!
Thanks, man. And imagine my pain to try and search for his luthier's name and the fear of selling it wrong...that alone took A LOT of time!
Rodrigo, that was outstanding! Thanks a lot.
As a sidenote, Disney music is terrific.
Correct: "I purposely didn't want to really think too much about other concept albums or rock operas, and come from more of a storytelling perspective, take my love for everything — whether it be Star Wars, Lord of the Rings, The Hunger Games, Game of Thrones, Les [Miserables], Jesus Christ Superstar, Disney movies — and come from the perspective of the elements that make those things so special, and such a big part of our lives."
The best interviews are those that flow like a conversation. I hate reading interviews that are clearly just a list of unrelated questions and you can tell the interviewer is just running through the questions with no idea how to follow up or make a transition. You had limited time, so it couldn't be completely conversational with follow-up questions all the way through on every little point. But it still reads as conversational because: (1) you clearly did your research on the front end and knew what you wanted to discuss, (2) even when completely changing topics, you had appropriate transitions that showed you listened to what he said and flowed into the next topic, and (3) in a couple of spots, where appropriate, you did ask follow-up questions on the same topics to elicit more info. Just a really nice job.
Just a really nice job.
Rod it's getting better with each interview. I am glad he is part of LOM.
I think you said something really important--namely, that you DIDN'T notice it. I think that's key. If an interview flows well, unless you are specifically looking for reasons why, you SHOULDN'T notice it.
Even if I end up not enjoying the musical content, which I'm sure I will enjoy, the fact that this album is involving the whole band, both musically and lyrically, and the fact that they are really interacting with the fans this time already makes me absolutely happy and makes me love an album that I've not listened to yet.
Oh man...it took me MANY hours to do it.
Hi, Rodrigo! Thanks for the interview. I totally get what you are saying there; last year I interviewed a local band, and transcribing is such a fun, but demanding task.
I really liked your questions about the Hammond and guitar clips you saw of him on social media; it shows that you care and pay attention to your interviewees.
Well, sure. But it's a short answer to a short question. As Sebastian said, it's not like they had a 30 minute, back-and-forth conversation. And it's not like Jordan gets to spend hours on end speaking with fans about their thoughts.
I'm sorry, what did I say? I must be getting old and forgetting things.
It's good to hear Mangini getting so involved in the process, and the band taking the sound criticism seriously.
Can't wait to hear something from the new album.
We did hear something from the new album : the snippets. Joking aside, I get what you mean : I can't wait to hear something more song-like as well.
The band has always paid a lot of attention to fan feedback. But striking a balance between listening to the feedback and what you need to react to can be pretty hard - you don't want the creative process to be dictated by outside forces too much either.
Yeah that's right. To be honest for me it's a reason i like TA, even though i can see why it's such a controversial album.
I didn't expect such a bold move from the band so late in their career.
Of course, the reaction to the album seems to have moved the new album to a certain direction (heavier). For sure it is tough to even make every member of the band happy, let alone having to cope with the expectations of a demanding fan base.
Personally, i prefer to have controversial albums like TA, if that means no compromise on the band's artistic integrity, even if i might not like the album itself. Feels more honest, more like an artistic expression and less like a product.
I have NO idea why I said Sebastian. I mean Rodrigo! Sorry for the confusion.
That's a good point noxon, and, like you said, it's about a balance between being open to fan reaction and still being true as artists.
"....and everybody will be there moshing!"
I was hoping you would see that post.
Thanks once again for the feedback, everyone!
I have another interview to be published next week, with Anneke van Giersbergen, which was just as good! She's promoting a new live album with an orchestra, which sounds amazing. Stay tuned!
Rodrigo, so sorry I referred to you as Sebastian above. Not sure why I confused the two of you. The compliments were obviously meant for you and how well you did on the interview.
Not to say that Sebastian isn't a fine fellow as well though.
No worries at all, man!
So Excited!!! to add to the build up, all of a sudden my 20y/o son came over to the DT side. Everyday a new DT song comes pouring out of the guitars and constantly playing DT when I ride in the car with him. Yesterday he says "oh, we have a long ride, we can make it through Ocatavarium together!" Only took me nearly 3 years of continual sharing for the light to come on! My tour and mosh buddy!
My two boys are now teens, and they are starting to explore their own musical directions, which aren't the same as my preferences. But while they don't generally seek prog or metal on their own, they can enjoy it when I am listening. I hope the tour scheduling works out such that I can bring one or both to a show this tour.
Ooooh I love her! be sure to advertise it when you post 'cause I definitively want to read it!
The same. I have one that is all into Rap. I have tried, really I have, but don't get it. See you on the tour!!
Cool! I was into a The Gathering phase a few years ago - I really like her. judging by your talk with Jordan, I'm sure it will be a cool read!
Wow. Your article managed to get some publicity on Ultimate-Guitar.
The click bait is so strong.
Indeed, and it upsets me quite a lot. We started to change the title of our articles a while ago, from simply "our interview with such and such" to including a quote from the artist, but always a respectful one, never on the negative side. And then Blabbermouth does this. I appreciate the publicity, but feel used at the same time.
A few months ago I interviewed Terry Bozzio for a different site and he bashed many of his former musical partners during our talk, and even then I made the point of having a positive quote as the title. I want the views, but not at the expense of the artist.
Great interview!! As many pointed out, I like how there was a natural flow to the interview.


text:
News quiz: This week's top 10 hot topics
Take this quiz to recall what hot topics you've absorbed from the Statesman Journal during the past week.
1. Thursday seared with a record-setting 86 degrees in the Mid-Valley, scorching the previous record of 78 degrees set back in what year?
2. This week, in addition to issuing her "State of the State," Gov. Kate Brown refused to ban what?
A. Official travel to states with recently enacted "religious freedom" laws
B. Special-interest donations to her re-election bid
C. Donald Trump from stumping in Oregon
D. Hipsters
3. All next week, the Salem Public Library will be celebrating the 100th birthday of Beverly Cleary and promoting a new smartphone app for children ages 0-5 called Vroom, designed to help children do what?
A. Use a smartphone before they can read
B. Develop their young brains
C. Get into the finest pre-school
D. Teach their parents how to navigate the internet
4. Ted Cruz and Bernie Sanders bested both Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump to win Tuesday's primary in what state?
A. Wisconsin
B. New York
C. California
D. Idaho
5. UConn beat the Beavers in women's NCAA basketball. How many consecutive years has the University of Connecticut women's basketball team won the championship title?
6. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, what common local yard nuisance is actually edible and full of vitamins A, B, C and D plus minerals such as iron and zinc?
A. Spurge laurel
B. Morning glory
C. Arrowleaf clover
D. Dandelion
7. Oregon State Police kicked off National Distracted Driver Awareness Month by showcasing what?
A. A new Special Weapons and Tactics urban-assault vehicle
B. Mandatory body cameras
C. A new fleet of 40 unmarked patrol vehicles
D. A new app designed to disable drivers' cell phones
8. A massive leak of more than 11 million international financial documents, exposing corruption and secretive offshore companies, is known as what?
A. The Brazil Files
B. The Panama Papers
C. The Venezuela Vortex
D. The Dominican Documents
9. For 23 years, the Statesman Journal has been recognizing excellence in high school student achievement through a program known as what?
A. Scholastic Superheros
B. Education Elite
C. Academic All-Stars
D. School Is Cool
10. Nearly 100 people gathered at Willamette University to discuss what "hot topic for Oregon students"?
A. Climate change
B. Clean power
C. Statewide policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Scoring guide: 10 out of 10: You sizzled!; 7 to 9 correct: The coals are burning; 4 to 6 correct: Mild, with a chance of drizzle; 1 to 3 correct: Tepid at best; 0 correct: You're cold as ice (which, by the way, is hard to cook with).
Answers: 1 (B); 2 (A); 3 (B); 4 (A); 5 (D); 6 (D); 7 (C); 8 (B); 9 (C); 10 (D).
Correction: The correct answer to question 10 in April 3's "unbelievable" news quiz should be B. A Nigerian Pygmy goat. (D) was the previous week's answer. If you have any questions about this or other news quizzes, please contact the Sunday editor at 503-399-6731.


Over Thanksgiving weekend, Netflix subscribers got a holiday gift they'd been looking forward to for much of the year: a return to Stars Hollow. Gilmore Girls: A Year In The Life, a four-episode miniseries, was the first new Gilmore Girls material since the series left TV in 2007, and came two years after the original series hit Netflix and reignited the show's passionate fan base. While the show's final season had happened without the original creators, A Year in the Life gave creator Amy Sherman-Palladino (along with her husband/collaborator Daniel Palladino) five hours of creative freedom to redeem the show's underwhelming departure. There was just one problem with the new episodes: once the thrill of seeing Stars Hollow again wore off, they stopped seeming starry and felt a whole lot more hollow.
Nine years later, Rory Gilmore (Alexis Bledel) is still sleeping with a now-engaged Logan (Matt Czuchry), and being what seems like an objectively terrible journalist, seemingly without any of the empathy or intelligence she displayed during the show's original run. Meanwhile, Rory's mother and bantermate Lorelai (Lauren Graham) is bogged down by professional and personal malaise. At 90 minutes apiece, the episodes feel both overstuffed and slack; while the gang's-all-here cast delivers all the old favorites, AYITL's overall effect to is to make the show's ill-fated seventh season seem better in retrospect. But Gilmore Girls is by no means the first beloved show to come back and then disappoint. In fact, that's more the norm than the exception.
The "bring back a cult hit" move is one of Netflix's favorite, dating back to the *Arrested Development *revival that was the cornerstone of its first original programming slate in 2013. And the move has been a fraught one from the very beginning: with most of Arrested Development's cast busy with their successful post-AD careers, creator Mitch Hurwitz decided to make each of the 15 new episodes focus on a single character at a time, resulting in such a disjointed mess that he later re-cut the entire season to look more like its predecessors.
Despite the flaws, though, the streaming audience showed up in big enough numbers that acquiring niche properties for limited revivals stuck. With reboots and long-delayed sequels having racked up millions at the box office for years, television hadn't fully strip-mined its own catalog for a new generation—and after Arrested Development, networks got down to business. The ensuing spate of "next-generation" shows updated properties like *Beverly Hills *90210, Dallas, and even Boy Meets World with a mix of original castmembers and new, younger characters.
There were other revival models as well. While *Arrested Development *was getting ready to make its Netflix comeback, the creator of teen-detective show *Veronica Mars *took to Kickstarter to fund a feature-film sequel—and broke fundraising records. Yet, when the film ultimately arrived, it lacked the spirit of the original show. (We still wish the unproduced spin-off set at the FBI had become a reality, though.) And even most recently, *The X-Files *came back for a business-as-usual 10th season earlier this year—but aside from a glimmer of brilliance in "Mulder and Scully Meet the Were-Monster," the sci-fi staple buckled under the weight of feeling "current," and never reach the same level as its mid-'90s heyday.
None of these were cash-grabs. None were remakes in name only, or re-cast tributes made by fans of the original show. Yet, they all fell short.
None of these were cash-grabs. None were remakes in name only, or re-cast tributes made by fans of the original show. These were all essentially the same shows, with the same creators at the top, the same stars, and a chance to deliver excitement (or closure) to an audience ravenous for more of what they love. And the same can be said of the new quartet of Gilmore Girls episodes: Nearly every supporting character gets some time in the sun, there are meta-references aplenty, even fan-service cameos featuring actors from related shows (Parenthood, Bunheads) or even podcast hosts (the duo from Gilmore Guys). Yet, they all fell short.
The thing is, I was the target audience for all of these revivals. I adored Arrested Development when it was on the air; I soaked up every episode of Veronica Mars. When Gilmore Girls first brought its original episodes to Netflix, I devoured them despite their white-people-problems myopia. But each time a show I loved came back, I followed the same emotional trajectory: skepticism, followed by faith that the show's reunited creative team would pull off something special, then (the good kind of) disbelief when new episodes actually materialized in front of my eyes—and finally, mild disappointment. Despite their promise, none of them managed to recapture the experience I remembered.
Missteps mean little, though, when money's on the line. This TV season alone has Lethal Weapon, Frequency, and The Exorcist, with yet another *24 *on the way. Next year, Showtime revives Twin Peaks next year. Young Justice will return for a third season on an as-yet unannounced network or streaming service. Mystery Science Theater 3000 will be the latest cult property to land at Netflix when it returns with a new stable of voice actors. Some will be good; many won't. Some, hopefully, will be great.
We all want to recapture the responses we had to our favorite shows. We want to feel the same thrill of discovery, the same emotional investment in a relationship. We want characters who felt like extensions of ourselves to have progressed alongside us over the years. And despite my repeated disappointment, I'm still on board. If Gravity Falls ever comes back, I'll be clamoring to attend the premiere; should more Hannibal become a possibility, I'll join the letter-writing campaign. But my expectations have been permanently lowered. Getting the gang back together isn't life-altering, and it's not a return to a simpler time; it's just a nice chance to see that old friends are still around.


Join us in celebrating the new Cornerstone Bank building!
Smart Women Smart Money is a national women's financial education conference held for the first time in Arkansas this year. Treasurer of State Dennis Milligan is partnering with the State Financial Officers Foundation to host this conference to Arkansas. SWSM provides women of diverse ages and circumstances with the necessary information and tools to take control of their financial lives. The free conference will be held at the Arkansas Arts Academy on Friday, May 3, 2019 from 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
The Crawdad Days Festival held each year in Harrison, Arkansas, has grown into one of the "must attend" festivals in Arkansas. Attended by thousands each year, the Crawdad Days Festival in Harrison, Arkansas is held the third weekend of May around the banks of Lake Harrison.
The Crawdad Days Festival in Harrison, Arkansas began 29 years ago as a one day event, now offers something for the entire family. Vendors include food, crafts, clothing items and the star attraction – CRAWFISH!
A 5K run kicks off things on the festival's Saturday morning, and other activities will include; Canoe Rides, Pony Rides, Car Show, the Carnival, Children's Stage, and Crawdad eating contest, just to name a few. Then, there is the music which includes a venue for every taste; country, rock-n-roll and down home. Trust us – you don't want to miss the music this year!
If all of the above doesn't keep you busy, enjoy looking at hundreds of vintage and one of a kind cars. Each year, the car show gets bigger and better and Crawdad Days #29 in 2019 has even more in store.
So, bring your lawn chairs and appetite to one of the best festivals in the South! It's Crawdad Days in Harrison, Arkansas!
Visit our wesbite by following this link!
Saturday, February 16, 2019 8:00am-12:00pm North Arkansas Regional Medical Center, 620 N Main St, Harrison, AR 72601, USA Are you registered to attend one of the AARP Mature Driving Classes? Call or email today to get signed up. •	All classes take place in Conference Room C unless otherwise noted •	Half-day Saturday classes starting at 8:00 am •	Registration is required as seating is limited to 30 per class •	AARP members will need to have their AARP card with them. For details or to sign up contact the volunteer Office at (870) 414-4621 or (870) 414-4622 or robby.scucchi@narmc.com AAPR Mature Driving Classes are a service of North Arkansas Regional Medical Center Department of Volunteer and Gold Club Services.
The Community Blood Center of the Ozarks will be at North Arkansas Regional Medical Center for a blood drive on Thursday, May 30 from 12-6 p.m. Join us in Conference Room A to donate. 620 N. Main Street. Contact 414-4444 for more information. The drive is open to the public. Photo identification is required. Free cholesterol screening and snacks will be provided to donors. Start the new year by donating blood to save a life!
DigiMarCon South 2019 is your chance to ... - Hear from some of the most audacious and thought provoking speakers in the digital marketing industry. - Gain insight into emerging strategies, the latest innovative technologies, and best practices to move your business to the next level. - Network with thought leaders, collaborate with your peers and build your network in a beautiful atmosphere. DigiMarCon South 2019 Digital Marketing Conference & Exhibition will be held from June 5th to 6th, 2019 at the luxurious JW Marriott Houston by The Galleria Hotel in Houston, Texas. Whatever your goal is; reinforcing customer loyalty, improving lead generation, increasing sales, or driving stronger consumer engagement, the DigiMarCon South 2019 line up has been specifically designed to help you develop your audience. Immerse yourself in topics like digital strategy, programmatic advertising, web experience management, usability / design, mobile marketing & retargeting, customer engagement, user acquisition, social media marketing, targeting & optimization, video marketing, data science & big data, web analytics & A/B testing, email marketing, content marketing, conversion rate optimization, search engine optimization, paid search marketing, geo-targeting, predictive analysis & attribution, growth hacking, conversion rate optimization, growth marketing tools, marketing & sales automation, sustainable growth strategies, product marketing & UX / UI and much, much more! At DigiMarCon South 2019, you will receive all the elements you need to achieve digital marketing success! Conventional thought will be challenged, new ways of thinking will emerge, and you will leave with your head and notebooks full of action items and ideas to lead your agency / team / account to even greater success. Be a part of DigiMarCon South 2019 and discover how to thrive and succeed as a marketer in a rapidly evolving digital world. Secure your seat now and take advantage of our discounted super early bird registration rates. For more details visit https://digimarconsouth.com.
The Community Blood Center of the Ozarks will be at North Arkansas Regional Medical Center for a blood drive on Thursday, July 25 from 12-6 p.m. Join us in Conference Room A to donate. 620 N. Main Street. Contact 414-4444 for more information. The drive is open to the public. Photo identification is required. Free cholesterol screening and snacks will be provided to donors. Start the new year by donating blood to save a life!
The Community Blood Center of the Ozarks will be at North Arkansas Regional Medical Center for a blood drive on Thursday, September 19 from 12-6 p.m. Join us in Conference Room A to donate. 620 N. Main Street. Contact 414-4444 for more information. The drive is open to the public. Photo identification is required. Free cholesterol screening and snacks will be provided to donors. Start the new year by donating blood to save a life!
The Community Blood Center of the Ozarks will be at North Arkansas Regional Medical Center for a blood drive on Thursday, November 14 from 12-6 p.m. Join us in Conference Room A to donate. 620 N. Main Street. Contact 414-4444 for more information. The drive is open to the public. Photo identification is required. Free cholesterol screening and snacks will be provided to donors. Start the new year by donating blood to save a life!


Lesson 3 will be covering some of the more difficult areas of the mobile electronics industry. Vehicle security and remote starts are the main problem area for most installers. Jason Anderson will once again be guiding you through the installation of a remote start. Teaching you how to use a Digital Multi-Meter track down the required wires and teach you how to install a transponder bypass. This video will help beginners and advanced installers acquire the necessary skills to cut down time in the installbay.