It is ridiculously low: the levels are within the Italy-Greece-Poland range (modern for the LCT allele: real lactose tolerance is much higher).
Do you know what site it is because the results may be hinting to a settler Neolithic population of (largely) different stock than modern (and ancient) Basques, so I am imagining some Ebro banks site like San Juan APL. Am I right?
The difference in the frequency of the relevant allele between the tested Neolithic samples and the present-day inhabitants of the same region is huge. It is unlikely to have been just due to the local dynamics. Migrations from outside seem to have played an important role in the change of the allele frequencies during the intermediate period. Basques or Proto-Basques must be post-Neolithic arrivals to that region.
I don't see why it is ridiculously low? A litre of full fat milk is something like 800 calories and the average person needs 2000 calories a day. In environments where producing calories as milk is the most time-efficient choice then lactose tolerance could be a huge advantage but elsewhere only a small one.
So it seems reasonable that lactose tolerance would have been at low levels initially and only grown to very high levels in places where cattle-raising for milk was optimal.
Every famine and extremely bad winter the percentage would go up slightly as more LP people survived.
I'm not much in agreement with what you say Grey, mostly because milk and dairy are not the staple food in any society... except probably those exclusively dedicated to livestock herding, in the steppe belts of the world - not in Atlantic Europe. However even these hyper-diary diets like those of the Fulani or Mongols and such have not made them to have such extremely lactose tolerant phenotypes. You can argue that Mongols eat yogurt and the Maasai mix the milk with blood... but Basques made cheese, had a varied diet and still are extremely latose-tolerant.
It's probably a fluke to some degree at least because there's no reason why people eating mostly corn and fish (or corn and meat and eggs and veggies), with just some dairies in the diet, would be so extremely selected to be lactose tolerant.
Basque milk is for kids, for desserts (delicious but evolutively trivial), for cheese and little more.
Whatever the case I can confirm that the two samples are from the Ebro river banks: San Juan APL in Arabako Errioxa (aka Rioja Alavesa) and Longar in Navarrese Rioja.
This area per my manual of Basque Prehistory was colonized mostly (although not exclusively) by "gracile-Mediterranean" types who had migrated apparently up the river upon the arrival of Cardium Pottery culture Neolithic peoples. Previously, in the Epipaleolithic, there had been a migration from North to South of peoples of Pyrenaic type (proto-Basques presumably) but both flows may have met in the Ebro river banks.
I do not think these samples can be considered "Basque" without qualifications (in athropological contexts). Although they clearly are from the areas generally acknowledged as part of Euskal Herria (= Basque Country) or the seven historical Basque provinces, this is a historical and political construct rather than an anthropological one.
All one needs to be lactase persistent is one "T" at 13910. So, if just one parent passes that on - voila! - you're a milk drinker for life. Thus a figure of 27% in a Neolithic population could easily rise over time to the levels we see today - and without an influx of lactase persistent outsiders.
Surely some of those remains were male. I am wondering what their y haplogroup(s) were.
I never understand this argument. People in most of Europe had about the same amount of time to establish lactose tolerance. You are just shifting this "quick evolution" to another population.
In fact, some of the areas with the highest levels of tolerance are the ones in which agriculture and cattle farming were introduced last (UK and Scandinavia).
Also, milk contains vitamins D and folic acid, so it can extend the range of skin color that is optimal for given sun shine conditions - which is particularly useful in regions with large seasonal effective sunlight fluctuations (due to fog, cold temperatures, and/or high latitude). Calcium also plays a role.
(Navarre) and San Juan Ante Portam Latinam (Araba)" - that is fairly far southwest.
No, I am not. We currently do not have enough data to make a European or West Eurasian frequency map of the relevant allele during the Neolithic times or the intermediate period between the Neolithic and present. There may have been areas high in the relevant allele frequency during the Neolithic; we just do not have enough data to know whether there were or not.
I am not entering into the question of whether the relevant allele or the lactase persistence in general had any evolutionary advantages for their carriers and to what extent. That is a very speculative subject, at least for now.
A timeline of 4500 BP to 5000 BP is Copper Age, not Neolithic, and the percentages are consistent with a transition era in terms of LP. Roughly speaking, in Basque Country, this timeline corresponds to a marked increase in cattle farming and corresponds to the influx of Bell Beaker people to the area who have a different physical anthropology from the original Neolithic people of Iberia (I'd be interested to see what relics and physical anthropology are associated with the sampled population). I've spelled out some of the pertinent contextual data points for the region in that era here.
This supports, rather than contradicts, the notion of LP in Southern Europe as a product of a metal age migration (although in this particular case, a migration from the North, rather than pastoralists from the East, is a better fit with archaeological cultures of the region).
Also, it isn't just LBK Neolithic samples that lack LP. It was also very low in a recent early Neolithic ancient DNA sample from Gascony, a population than then and now was low in LP.
Actually, Unknown, the data is for the T-allele apportion, not the phenotype. But it does not change much because there are double TT than TC people in both sites (strongly suggesting recent admixture in my opinion).
Longar: 1 TT, (0 TC), 6 CC.
"I am wondering what their y haplogroup(s) were".
While there is no one-on-one list that I know of, these two samples are the same (but reduced in number because of many failed analysis, I understand) as those in Izagirre and de la Rúa 1999 (however that paper only reports inferred haplogroups and does not list mutations, so its relevance is very limited).
>But it does not change much because there are more* double TT than TC people in both sites (strongly suggesting recent admixture in my opinion).
Good catch maju. It does suggest a recent migration but the question is what's the scale. Are they from a nearby town or from many miles away and represent a different people. It would be nice if they had better racial indicators.
Andrew thinks it might be bell beaker peoples from the north. Do you think they could have been individuals high in double T?
Look, Duadha, I can't discern every single element playing here and I do not believe in "races" (at most in morphotypes, which may be hereditary or not).
But I know that Wikipedia is pretty much wrong in that claim of "racial discontinuity": not only most BB sites everywhere appear to be burials of local people according to morphotype (with the rare exception) but also (maybe outside Germany and immediate surroundings) BB is a minority phenomenon within larger cultures (essentially Megalithism), much as Jews could be in Medieval Europe, for example.
"mostly because milk and dairy are not the staple food in any society... except probably those exclusively dedicated to livestock herding"
I agree it would have needed extreme circumstances to cause such a big shift in frequency but if you have a selectable trait with a very high frequency then it is plausible it was selected for?
For example if a population moves into a region where their existing agricultural package doesn't work as well or adopts a package that works in an adjacent region but not in theirs i.e. they produce less crops than usual but more milk, then those who can drink milk can switch to having more cows, drink half of it every morning and dairy the rest.
The thing about drinking the milk is you save the time spent dairying and that time can be used for something else like fishing or foraging.
So the selection pressure would have been applied early on as either a migrating people adapted to a new environment or an existing group adapted to a new way of producing food.
I think some are underestimating the benefit of milk (before poor people were able to afford a healthy diet and/or vitamin pills).
Poor people, including poor farmers, often had a diet that was only healthy seasonally. Since the advent of agriculture, loads of empty carbohydrates were substituted for overall healthy, nutritional food.
If a male was able to drink and digest milk from years 6 to 25, i.e. in the time he likely fathered the first 1-4 children, he was taller, stronger, healthier, had better bone density, and likely overall was more attractive than his peers. And because his mate(s) drank milk, they did not suffer from catastrophic folic acid or calcium deficiency, and bore much healthier children than average - to a local group culture that propagated these nutritional practices.
"I do not think these samples can be considered "Basque" without qualifications (in athropological contexts)."
"there are double TT than TC people in both sites (strongly suggesting recent admixture in my opinion)."
Honestly, from what I've seen of the archaeological evidence, this time period of 3000 BCE to 2500 BCE is right around the point at which Basque ethnogenesis in an anthropological and cultural sense is probably taking place, and recent admixture is probably part of that process.
@Andrew: why do you say that? I see nothing peculiar happening in the 3rd millennium of all times.
@Eurologist: what's the difference between drinking raw milk or eating cheese, something that all lactose intolerant people can do very well? Basque have been making and eating cheese since immemorial times but for that they needed not to be lactose tolerant.
You may be right about proteins and other nutrients but why would milk be more easily available or less in this or that area? Didn't Greek farmers have goats and sheep and got milk from them? Indeed. Whether they consumed the milk as feta cheese or raw (a rare practice anywhere) does not make much of a difference. Similarly butter can be eaten regardless of lactose tolerance status, only basic milk but not other dairies is what is partly unaccessible to lactose intolerant peoples.
I really don't know of any culture in which drinking so much raw milk was important, except among peoples who are in fact largely lactose intolerant like Mongols or Maasai, nomadic pastoralists who must "trick" the milk in order to be able to digest it (and they do, demonstrating once again that culture is at least as efficient if not more than genes).
what's the difference between drinking raw milk or eating cheese, something that all lactose intolerant people can do very well?
It all depends on whether the cheese is fermented, since some ferments consume the lactose.
It's in the time frame of the copper age and the beaker people who some say came from the east and spread IE to western Europe.
> I do not believe in "races"
I was using races in a relative sense... I just meant people with a different heritage and different inherited trates, especially craniometry.
> But I know that Wikipedia is pretty much wrong in that claim of "racial discontinuity"
Here (http://www.buildinghistory.org/distantpast/bellbeaker.shtml) is another reference that specifically sites the evidence.
They latter say that there was discontinuity at most BB sites apart from the southwest. It may have been a more elite transition there but still bringing the LP trait there.
> what's the difference between drinking raw milk or eating cheese, something that all lactose intolerant people can do very well?
Nutrition, time, energy, and know how.
"what's the difference between drinking raw milk or eating cheese"
"why would milk be more easily available or less in this or that area?"
Well that would be the condition. If that situation could arise then it's plausibly selective. If not it isn't.
It would have to be somewhere where grass was very lush and plentiful but crops were weak - at least before new strains were developed better suited to that area.
and the highest of all would be where you had both conditions like the northern coast of Iberia and the mountains along the west coast of Ireland.
That wouldn't prove the theory was true but it might disprove it if there was no match.
If those same areas also had the highest levels of things like wheat allergies that might reinforce the theory.
"Didn't Greek farmers have goats and sheep and got milk from them"
Logically that would have to be the second condition. Cattle would have to be more efficient than sheep under some conditions but not others. For the theory to be true cattle would have to be more productive in wetter conditions with lush grass and sheep / goats more productive in dry conditions with more sparse grass.
The same basic idea would apply elsewhere. In a region where the crop package didn't work very well dropping back to some form of pastoralism would be like a fail-safe. The form of pastoralism would depend on which animal was the most productive in that region, some places sheep, some places pigs, some places cattle.
If that theory is correct the only difference with cattle would be it left a genetic marker of where this process of a phase of extreme reliance occurred - maybe - or maybe places where people relied on pigs or sheep for a long time also developed a high frequency of some connected trait but no-one has looked because it's not as obvious as LP?
But before all that the first step would be are those places listed above the places with the highest frequency of LP (and maybe also wheat allergies).
"what's the difference between drinking raw milk or eating cheese, something that all lactose intolerant people can do very well? Basque have been making and eating cheese since immemorial times but for that they needed not to be lactose tolerant."
In addition to what Grey said, it is also the combination. When dairy is plentiful and a focus of production, easily-stored protein and fat from cheese and fat from butter are available in addition to the much richer in vitamins, calcium, and instant sugar benefits of fresh milk. Milk also makes otherwise rather empty serials a more complete dish - all while limiting saturated fat intake.
But don't forget the seasonal benefit of milk. Calories available from cheese and butter can be stored, but green leafy vegetables are scarce in the winter, while milk is available year-round. It acts like a buffer that smoothes out vitamin D and Calcium deficiencies during fall and winter, while preventing folic acid deficiency during high sun-hours spring and summer. Being able to at times rely highly on dairy production also protects against climatic fluctuations that periodically minimize serial production.
The fact is that there are two populations "caught in the act" of mixing in this genetic snapshot. I really don't care much if the alleles are adaptive or mere fluke (the same that Rh- or R1b got randomly fixated or quasi-fixated at some point for no reason at all other than drift, the T allele could have done the same) or something in between but I'd expect that, if these alleles would be so extremely adaptive, that they (or rather the actual phenotype) would be dominant in specialist pastoralist populations around the globe.
This only happens in one population: the Fulani (maybe some Arabs too), with others like Maasai, Dinka, Mongol... being in the low end of phenotypic lactose tolerance. And then farmer populations like the Sindhi in the high end. There is reasonably high lactose tolerance even among totally unlikely populations such as the Maori but then Central Asians (with origins in some of the most radically pastoralist cultures of Eurasia) are almost devoid of the phenotype, go figure!
Also I do not see any particular reason to emphasize cows ("cattle"): Arabs don't have cows but camels (and sheep and goats), Basque, Irish and Scots are more commonly associated with sheep than cows and that's actually what we see in early Basque Neolithic as well: plenty of sheep, cows only became important later.
"Also I do not see any particular reason to emphasize cows"
"sheep usually produce less milk than goats and much less than cows"
- their sure-footedness on very steep slopes.
The ability of sheep to cope with relatively arid conditions, and hence poor grass growth, is an important aspect in regions such as Extremadura in Spain.
So seems to me sheep are generally better except in specific locations where there's a lot of flat, wet, particularly lush grassland. (I'd add another possible condition that the same areas would have to be sub-optimal for crops at the same time). In those specific conditions cows produce a lot of calories as milk.
Although this report from Ethiopia seems to suggest camels produce more?
"only the morning milk is sold, while the evening milk is used for home consumption."
Your own first link, Grey, says at the very beginning: "Sheep have been raised for milk for thousands of years and were milked before cows".
I have the strong impression that cows were initially used, at least over here, mostly for meat and work (oxen). The local breed of cow is certainly not a milk breed but a semi-feral one for meat and work. All traditional dairies (cheese, curdled milk) are made of sheep milk. Cow cheese is a Castilian thing.
The same happens in so many other places, even if I'm not privy to each detail of local traditions and archaeology.
Also sheep, not to mention goats, are cheaper (in cost and maintenance) and hence more widely available: if you need a source of milk for everyone (in order to justify the evolutionary hypothesis of the lactose tolerance alleles), I'd say that in most cases goats are the animal of choice, because nearly everybody could own one or more.
Your map of EU's modern cow milk production is not relevant in principle because the methods of milk production in cows nowadays have become radically industrialized and (sadly enough) those cows almost do not see the sun, much less green grass. Meat cows however are in many areas still raised in traditional ways.
"@Andrew: why do you say that? I see nothing peculiar happening in the 3rd millennium of all times.
I really don't know of any culture in which drinking so much raw milk was important, except among peoples who are in fact largely lactose intolerant like Mongols or Maasai, nomadic pastoralists who must "trick" the milk in order to be able to digest it (and they do, demonstrating once again that culture is at least as efficient if not more than genes)."
This whole post is you rattling off your head something you don't obviously never took the time to learn about.
Mongols only drink fermented milk which removes the lactose and the less lactase you produce the more the cheese needs to drier/harder (less liquid component) and be aged, which also removes lactose. But if you've reached the point were you produce no more lactase, like myself, even aged cheese or butter, in large amounts will give you problems as they are not lactose free. And the experience is not a benign one that you'd be temped to gamble with over and over.
Before fermentation, mare's milk has almost 40% more lactose than cow's milk. According to one modern source, "unfermented mare's milk is generally not drunk", because it is a strong laxative. Varro's On Agriculture, from the 1st century BC, also mentions this: "as a laxative the best is mare's milk, then donkey's milk, cow's milk, and finally goat's milk..."; drinking six ounces (190 ml) a day would be enough to give a lactose-intolerant person severe intestinal symptoms.
"Your own first link, Grey, says at the very beginning: "Sheep have been raised for milk for thousands of years and were milked before cows"."
It also says cows produce much more milk than sheep. If there was a selective advantage and it came from calorie production then quantity of milk produced is one half of the equation.
"Your map of EU's modern cow milk production is not relevant in principle because the methods of milk production in cows nowadays"
The linked page mentions two methods. The first is the traditional method which involves grazing cows on lush flat grassland i.e along the Atlantic coast and some wet high altitude areas like the Alps.
"but why would milk be more easily available or less in this or that area?"
Because cows produce much more milk than sheep but only in certain specific areas i.e. along the Atlantic coast and up in the Alps.
That's exactly what I said: tricking the milk into edibility is easier that tricking the body into milk digestion mode, which needs just too many dead people (or people in very poor shape, unable to effectively reproduce) generation after generation.
Also eating something else, like the meat of the veals, may prove an easier source of proteins after all (that's another way of making milk edible). The only thing for which milk is almost incomparable among foods is calcium (although figs are also a good source AFAIK).
"It also says cows produce much more milk than sheep".
Sure. They are bigger and need more food as well. Poor farmers could never have cows historically, goats on the other side were available for nearly all (sheep are the next best in availability and produce wool).
"cows produce much more milk than sheep but only in certain specific areas i.e. along the Atlantic coast and up in the Alps".
I doubt that is the case. Cows have been used for milk production in many different ecologies but specially the steppes, where agriculture is less of a possibility, and very specially the African steppe (sahel, savanna). The role of cows has been much more obviously important among African pastoralists (first of all, most of which are not lactose tolerant and need to "trick" the milk into edibility as butter and/or as blood-and-milk) and also among those cultures that have declared cows sacred: Ancient Egypt and Hindu South Asia. Again none of these peoples is particularly lactose tolerant.
I find that you are constructing a "theory" on very feeble evidence, sincerely. We know that the role of milk and specially of cows historically in the areas that are mostly lactose tolerant was not so large.
"Sure. They are bigger and need more food as well."
Which is the point about rainy conditions.
"Unlike sheep, which are subject to footrot in boggy conditions and bloat when feed is too rich, cattle thrive in conditions where rainfall is plentiful and the grass is good. Thus Map 5, which shows the distribution of dairy cows, includes a number of clear contrasts with the previous map, reflecting, in particular, altitude and climate differences. Western Europe lies squarely across the predominant westerly airstreams at this latitude.
"I doubt that is the case."
Typically, where these moisture-rich winds strike the coast, rainfall is abundant and as a result rich pasture is available for cattle. The Spanish region of Cantabria falls into this category, as do Bretagne and Basse-Normandie in France. Further north, this applies to the Southern and Eastern regions in Ireland, Northern Ireland and the whole western seaboard of England (however, the mountainous nature of Wales and Scotland means sheep remain important there). A similar well-watered coastal crescent is visible across the north-western part of continental Europe comprising the Oost-Vlaanderen, West-Vlaanderen, Liège and Hainaut regions of Belgium, most of the Netherlands, and into the Schleswig-Holstein region of northern Germany. The 'coastal rainfall' effect is less noticeable in the much drier Mediterranean environment but still clearly apparent in Lombardia in Italy, which faces onto winds moving north up the Adriatic, and Malta."
"There are two possible modes of milk production. Firstly from cows on grazing land, which requires sufficiently productive grassland, and from cows kept in stalls."
"I find that you are constructing a "theory" on very feeble evidence"
cows produce much more milk than either cows or sheep produce outside those conditions and much more than sheep do in the same conditions.
The areas of maximum LP coincide with the areas of maximum natural milk production.
Milk cow number, is explained later, often depends on imported food, what allows regions like Netherlands or Brittany to produce much more milk than would be sustainable with their own local resources of grass. This industrialized form of production should be removed from all analysis, hence going back to the grasslands' map which is directly identified in text with sheep density.
Hence sheep (if anything) and this is my last post on the matter because we can agree to disagree as well.
"because we can agree to disagree as well"


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Home > News > 'School View' segment surpasses 100
'School View' segment surpasses 100
Created on Thursday, 07 March 2019 00:00
Watch "School View" #100
NNPS-TV has surpassed another video-production milestone: Over 100 episodes of the segment "School View" have been produced.
"School View" is a quick, two-minute segment that features stories about NNPS division-wide activities. It is often part of NNPS-TV's longer, signature show, called "This Just In."
The first "School View" segment aired in September of 2014. Two segments were created with very specific needs, Producer Nik Long explained.
"We were tasked with making Accreditation/Student Progress and Graduation Rate segments," he said.
NNPS-TV Producer Nik Long on a shoot at a school
At the time, state education standards were increasing, resulting in more schools across Virginia falling below the requirements for accreditation. The NNPS-TV team needed to explain the situation to the public to avoid misinformation.
"These stories did not fit the style and length of our current segments: 'News In a Minute,' 'Scouting Report,' and 'Teach Green,'" Long said.
"These new stories were going to include graphics for quotes, animated graphs showing data growth, and they were going to be longer in length," he continued.
So "School View" was created for the new segment. A third "School View" covering Science Fair changes across the school system was made, but it ended up as a stand-alone story called "Science Matters."
After that, there weren't more stories pertaining to division-wide policies and serious news, and the segment morphed into reports of lighter news stories about activities in NNPS schools. The existing segment called "News in a Minute" had the one-minute time constraint that was hard to stick to, so the team began using "School View" for "any story we wanted to tell that couldn't be told '...in a Minute,'" joked Long.
"We have a hard time finding "News In a Minute" stories," he added.
Watch 'School View'
Watch Episode #100 on nnpstv.com
or on YouTube.
'School View' playlist
Watch Episode #1 (archive site)
"School View" episode #100 aired at the end of January. The segment covers "Take Your Legislator to School," and features special visitors at Warwick High School and Discovery STEM Academy.
The NNPS-TV production team that writes, shoots, and edits the segment consists of: Long, Station Manager Jim Anklam, and Production Specialist Aaron Moore.
The team won a Telly Award for "School View" in 2015, for an episode about celebrating Veterans Day in NNPS schools.


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Imani, MF; Sleasman, T; Smith, DR, Two-Dimensional Dynamic Metasurface Apertures for Computational Microwave Imaging, Ieee Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 17 no. 12 (December, 2018), pp. 2299-2303, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) [doi] .
© 2018 IEEE. We propose a single-port, two-dimensional dynamic metasurface aperture capable of generating a multitude of distinct illumination patterns at microwave frequencies. The proposed device consists of a printed cavity, with the upper conducting surface patterned with independently tunable metamaterial elements. We present numerical simulations demonstrating the operation of the proposed device in computational microwave imaging. We also investigate parameters influencing its performance and discuss its potential advantages over other devices used for computational microwave imaging.


Nigerian military authorities say they have sentenced 12 soldiers to death by firing squad for attempting to kill their commanding officer during a mutiny in the country's northeastern region earlier this year.
Authorities say the men shot at Major-General Ahmed Mohammed's official car at a barracks in Maiduguri, an area where Boko Haram militants remain very active.
The court martial also found the soldiers guilty of insubordination and the use of abusive language, as well as obstructing the evacuation of dead colleagues who died in an ambush.
Nigeria's military, backed by warplanes, has been fighting to push back advances by Boko Haram. But troops have complained about what they say is a lack of equipment and support - an issue that reportedly angered the 12 soldiers.


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U.S. to require negative virus tests from int'l air passengers
Travelers arriving at Terminal 4 at J.F.K. International Airport in New York last month.Credit...Kena Betancur/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
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By Editor On Jan 14, 2021 Last updated Jan 14, 2021
[NY Times] – Before boarding their flights, all international passengers headed to the United States will first need to show proof of a negative coronavirus test, according to a new federal policy going into effect on Jan. 26.
"Testing does not eliminate all risk," Dr. Robert R. Redfield, the director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said in a statement describing the new policy.
"But when combined with a period of staying at home and everyday precautions like wearing masks and social distancing, it can make travel safer, healthier, and more responsible by reducing spread on planes, in airports, and at destinations."
Dr. Redfield is expected to sign the order detailing the new rules on Tuesday.
The new policy requires all air passengers, regardless of vaccination status, to get a test for current infection within the three days before their flight to the United States departs, and to provide written documentation of their test results or proof of having recovered from Covid-19.
Proof of immunization will not be sufficient, because the vaccines have only been shown to prevent serious illness, said Jason McDonald, a spokesman for the C.D.C. Vaccinated people may still become infected, in theory, and transmit the virus on a flight.
The agency will not require further testing in the three months after a positive test, so long as the traveler has not had any symptoms. In this situation, a passenger may travel with documentation of the positive test result and a letter from a health care provider or a public health official stating that the traveler now has been cleared for travel.
Airlines must confirm the negative test result for all passengers or the documentation of recovery before they board. If a passenger does not provide proof of a negative test or recovery, or chooses not to take a test, the airline must deny boarding to the passenger, the agency said.
"Testing before and after travel is a critical layer to slow the introduction and spread of Covid-19," agency officials said in a statement. "With the U.S. already in surge status, the testing requirement for air passengers will help slow the spread of the virus as we work to vaccinate the American public."
The policy expands on a similar rule, implemented in late December, that required travelers from Britain to show proof of a negative result on a test for the virus. The Trump administration introduced that restriction following reports that a more contagious variant of the coronavirus had become the source of the majority of infections in much of that country.
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60-69 year olds to get their 2nd vaccine earlier
Mass vaccination centre, Palma. archive photo. | Ultima Hora
Majorca Daily Bulletin reporterMallorca26/06/2021 10:19
The Ministry of Health has decided to bring forward the 2nd dose of the Covid vaccine for those aged 60-69, because the Indian strain of the disease is increasing in the Balearic Islands and has been identified in 24% of infections.
The presence of the British variant, or Alpha, has fallen from 85% to 55%, but the Delta strain is posing a risk to people who are not been fully vaccinated, so 60-69-year-olds who've had their first dose of AstraZeneca, will get their second vaccine sooner than expected.
In the meantime, all 60-69 year olds are advised to take extra precautions to prevent infection. 85,600 have received one dose of AstraZeneca and 24,726 have had both jabs.
End to wearing masks on public transport could be announced next week
Inca Guardia Civil officer fined for breach of Covid rules
In the meantime, vaccination of the 30-34 age group will begin this Monday and IB-Salut is confident that immunisation of those aged 19-29 will begin in less than 10 days.
Majorca coronavirus
Majorca: 60-69 second jab
Mallorca Coronavirus
Mallorca: 60-69 second jab
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Commercial real estate often represents opportunity. But supply and demand is more difficult to measure when dealing with unique zoning, property configurations, and determining highest and best use. Todd Aagard, commercial real estate broker, business analysist, and CPA, is uniquely capable of handling commercial real estate of all shapes and sizes.
Property purchase and sale – Office buildings, retail, apartment complexes, strip mall, raw land, feasibility studies, and more all fall into this category.
Property improvements – Oftentimes, the current property's use does not represent the property's potential due to changes with zoning or updates to building or configuration parameters. In situations like this, Todd can serve as your consultant, providing you with optional improvements and upgrades and how those affect your cash flow and return on your investment long-term.
Upgrade evaluation – On that same line of thinking, there are energy upgrades that property owners might consider. Will these pay off? What can you expect in return? Todd can put his CPA hat on and evaluate the possibilities.
Alternative ownership options – If your long term investment strategy includes portioning off parts of the building in commercial condo fashion, Todd can find out what is possible with the space and can coordinate that effort. Alternatively, you may be leasing a space right now that you might be able to turn into a commercial condo that you own. Todd will negotiate with the landlord on your behalf and determine your options.
Leases – Negotiating a new lease? Renewing a lease that requires negotiating? Determining what to ask for your lease or need to write up a new lease agreement draft to review with a lawyer? Need to find a tenant? Todd can help you with all your leasing needs.
Property Management – Todd can advise on different property management companies if you do not wish to manage the property yourself.
Ongoing consultation – You may already have a CPA or financial advisor in place. But if there are holes on your team as it pertains to your real estate holdings, business investments, or even evaluating your business in terms of cap rate and cash flow strategy, Todd can fill in those gaps.
Having a commercial real estate broker, business analyst, and CPA in your corner not only provides you peace of mind, but also can provide you with that long-term strategy you need to make the most of the commercial and business ventures in your portfolio.


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ZARZAR MODELS – High Fashion Modeling Agency For Top Fashion Models And Runway Models
Top Modeling Agency For Women Representing 500+ Fashion Models From Around The World
ZARZAR MODELS
High Fashion Runway
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Navigating The Modeling World
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Your Guide To Beauty
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The Highest Paid Models In The World
The Money Girls
Tag: Modeling Agencies In San Diego For Teens
Posted on June 9, 2014 September 30, 2014
The Highest Paid Models In The World – American Fashion Model Karlie Kloss – Victoria's Secret Model Karlie Kloss Earning Under $5 Million Dollars Per Year
Beautiful Model Karlie Kloss Modeling For Animale Brazil (Animale Brasil) Fashion Advertisements And Animale Fashion Ads Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
Above: Beautiful Model Karlie Kloss Modeling For Animale Brazil (Animale Brasil) Fashion Advertisements And Animale Fashion Ads Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
ZARZAR MODELS recently released the latest list of the world's highest paid models. Ranked among the 30 highest paid models on the list of the highest paid models in the world is beautiful American Victoria's Secret fashion model Karlie Kloss who became super famous as one of the Victoria's Secret models (legend says that Karlie Kloss was discovered at a charity fashion show in a mall in St. Louis Missouri modeling for a friend who was battling cancer). American model Karlie Kloss has modeled along with other Victoria's Secret Angels such as Lindsay Ellingson, Adriana Lima, Miranda Kerr, Doutzen Kroes, and Candice Swanepoel and is believed to have earned under $5 million United States dollars during the past 12 months. St. Louis Missouri you said? That's right. St. Louis Missouri, and they have some stunning beautiful fashion models in this beautiful city located in the United States of America.
Beautiful American Model Karlie Kloss Modeling For Coach Handbags Fashion Advertisements And Coach Fashion Ads Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
Above: Beautiful American Model Karlie Kloss Modeling For Coach Handbags Fashion Advertisements And Coach Fashion Ads Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World. Coach presents a new collection inspired by the city model Karlie Kloss calls home and which is known around the world as New York City. This is the story of Karlie Kloss, an all American supermodel, cookie baker, and one of the highest paid models in the world.
Legend says that beautiful dark blonde American fashion model Karlie Kloss was discovered at a charity fashion show in a mall in St. Louis Missouri while she was modeling for a friend who was battling cancer. Now based in New York City, Karlie Kloss thanks her early ballet training which explains her grace on the fashion runway and her popularity among the world's most famous fashion designers. In fact, it is believed that Karlie Kloss has called her classical ballet training "a beautiful thing" that taught her how to move in the fashion modeling world and was a great training ground for her famous runway walk. Karlie Kloss posed for a several page fashion editorial and cover for Scene magazine in Chicago at the age of 14. These tear sheets where then forwarded to New York and within a very short time her life would be changed forever, as Karlie Kloss would begin modeling in New York City, one of the fashion capitals of the world.
Beautiful Dark Blonde Model Karlie Kloss Modeling For Animale Brazil (Animale Brasil) Fashion Advertisements And Animale Spring Summer Fashion Ads Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
Above: Beautiful Dark Blonde Model Karlie Kloss Modeling For Animale Brazil (Animale Brasil) Fashion Advertisements And Animale Spring Summer Fashion Ads Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
Above: Beautiful Dark Blonde American Supermodel Karlie Kloss Modeling For Victoria's Secret Heavenly Fashion Advertisements And Victoria's Secret Heavenly Fashion Ads Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
American fashion model Karlie Kloss is also the face of Coach (the handbags brand) and Jean Paul Gaultier which basically means high powered earnings thanks to her extremely valuable fashion modeling contracts. American fashion model Karlie Kloss is also believed to be among the 30 highest paid models in the world with earnings of under $5 million United States dollars for the year. Beautiful American model Karlie Kloss has been featured in prestigious national and international fashion magazines such as American W, Korean W, American Elle, Allure, i-D, French Numéro, Japanese Numéro, Vanity Fair, Dazed & Confused, as well as the extremely prestigious American Vogue magazine and its international editions including Australian Vogue, Italian Vogue, French Vogue, British Vogue, Korean Vogue, German Vogue, Japanese Vogue, Chinese Vogue, Turkish Vogue, Portuguese Vogue, Latin American Vogue, and the famous Teen Vogue magazine among other major national and international fashion magazines while modeling as one of the highest paid models in the world.
Beautiful Dark Blonde American Supermodel Karlie Kloss Modeling For Animale Brazil (Animale Brasil) Fashion Advertisements And Animale Fashion Ads Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
Above: Beautiful Dark Blonde American Supermodel Karlie Kloss Modeling For Animale Brazil (Animale Brasil) Fashion Advertisements And Animale Fashion Ads Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
Above: Beautiful Dark Blonde American Supermodel Karlie Kloss Modeling For Victoria's Secret Advertisements And The Famous Victoria's Secret Fashion Shows Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
Beautiful dark blonde American model Karlie Kloss has also appeared in advertising campaigns for Donna Karan, Nina Ricci, Chloé, Lacoste, Alexander McQueen, Yves Saint Laurent, Elie Saab, Dolce & Gabbana, Gap, Bergdorf Goodman, Dior, Hermes, Oscar de la Renta, Sonia Rykiel, Topshop, Lord & Taylor, Barneys New York, American Eagle, and Victoria's Secret PINK. Karlie Kloss has also been the face of the Marc Jacobs fragrance Lola. Karlie Kloss has also walked for numerous famous fashion designers in New York, London, Paris, and Milan including Calvin Klein, Karl Lagerfeld, Marc Jacobs, Zac Posen, Givenchy, Gucci, Valentino, Louis Vuitton, John Galliano, Dior, Versace, and Elie Saab. Victoria's Secret model Karlie Kloss has also walked in the super famous Victoria's Secret Fashion Show in 2013 as one of the highest paid models in the world and as of the year 2014 beautiful American dark blonde model Karlie Kloss is quickly becoming one of Victoria's Secret most talked about lingerie models.
Beautiful Dark Blonde Model Karlie Kloss Modeling For Animale Brazil (Animale Brasil) Fashion Advertisements And Animale Fashion Ads Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
Above: Beautiful Dark Blonde Model Karlie Kloss Modeling For Animale Brazil (Animale Brasil) Fashion Advertisements And Animale Fashion Ads Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
Victoria's Secret (a division of L Brands) continues to launch some of the industry's most intriguing and beautiful new faces. Among them: the beautiful dark blonde and incredibly sexy American beauty Karlie Kloss, who ranked among the 30 highest paid models on the list of the highest paid models in the world with estimated earnings of under $5 million United States dollars over the past year. American fashion model Karlie Kloss has caught the eyes of fashion industry insiders, who say she could eventually rank among the top 10 highest paid models in the world and be involved in the fashion modeling industry for many years since she is still very young.
Beautiful Dark Blonde Model Karlie Kloss Modeling For Animale Brazil (Animale Brasil) Fashion Advertisements And Animale Brazil Fashion Ads Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
Above: Beautiful Dark Blonde Model Karlie Kloss Modeling For Animale Brazil (Animale Brasil) Fashion Advertisements And Animale Brazil Fashion Ads Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
Above: Moda Operandi – Beautiful Model Interview With American Fashion Model Karlie Kloss About "The One That Got Away".
American fashion model and Victoria's Secret lingerie model Karlie Kloss is ranked among the 30 highest paid fashion models in the world (the world's highest paid models list) and is one of the few models in the world to have been selected as a Victoria's Secret model for the year 2014 (this is the type of fashion modeling contract that can enable a high fashion model to print money faster than a cash machine). Call it the sweet smell of success as American beauty Karlie Kloss makes juggling multiple fashion modeling contracts look easy. In addition to her role as the face of Victoria's Secret perfume brand Heavenly, Karlie Kloss manages to book consistent work for editorial, commercial, and luxury fashion clients in addition to being the newest face for Coach (the handbags and accessories brand).
Vogue Magazine Fashion Editorial Featuring Daft Punk And American Model Karlie Kloss Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
Above: Vogue Magazine Fashion Editorial Featuring Daft Punk And American Model Karlie Kloss Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
Above: Beautiful Fashion Video From A Vogue Magazine Fashion Editorial Featuring Daft Punk And American Model Karlie Kloss Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
Just when you think you have American supermodel Karlie Kloss figured out the beauty from St. Louis Missouri surprises you. In order to make the world a better place American fashion model Karlie Kloss partnered with Momofuku Milk Bar and created a special recipe called Karlie's Kookies (which she sold during Fashion's Night Out in New York City) with the proceeds going to charity and benefiting hungry children around the world. When you thought Karlie Kloss was just a high fashion princess Karlie Kloss came along and booked every money client. When you thought Karlie Kloss was the cute girl next door she transformed herself and showed Vogue Italia magazine her sexy, powerful side. The versatility of Karlie Kloss and her endless drive have impressed everyone in the fashion modeling business. You need to love a girl who can make fashion clients like Dior, Donna Karan, and Oscar de la Renta smile as their cash registers start to fill with profits thanks to the high powered fashion advertising campaigns featuring supermodel Karlie Kloss that are seen around the world by her millions of fashion modeling fans. You can bet that the world will be seeing Karlie Kloss around for a very long time.
Above: Animale Brazil (Animale Brasil) Fashion Advertising Campaign Featuring Beautiful American Supermodel Karlie Kloss Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
Will the massive money jobs ever stop for the American dark blonde wonder Karlie Kloss who is also among the sexiest models in the world? A money making Victoria's Secret modeling contract and a Coach modeling contract as far as the eye can see combined with other superpower fashion modeling contracts makes the beautiful American beauty Karlie Kloss a member of the list of the 30 highest paid models in the world. With her intoxicating beautiful looks and natural sweetness, fashion model Karlie Kloss adds a touch of innocence to the Victoria's Secret portfolio of sexy bombshells.
Above: Model Interview With Beautiful American Model Karlie Kloss Where She Explains Why She Loves Baking Cookies And Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
About Karlie Kloss – Quote Of The Day
"She's nailed major high fashion campaigns, lucrative contracts with companies like Victoria's Secret, and launched businesses of her own, all before most women her age have even graduated from college."
Above: "Against The Fall Of Night" Fashion Advertising Campaign Featuring American Supermodel Karlie Kloss Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
Beautiful American Model Karlie Kloss Modeling For The Cover Of Vogue Thailand Magazine And Vogue Thailand Fashion Editorials Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World. Photographed By Famous Photographer David Bellemere.
Above: Beautiful American Model Karlie Kloss Modeling For The Cover Of Vogue Thailand Magazine And Vogue Thailand Fashion Editorials Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World. Photographed By Famous Photographer David Bellemere.
The beautiful American dark blonde supermodel known as Karlie Kloss is one of Victoria's Secret's favorite faces and with her killer body, sweet innocent smile, incredible intoxicating beauty, and beautiful personality it is easy to see why! The American beauty known as Karlie Kloss is quickly becoming one of Victoria's Secret hottest stars and when you factor in her Victoria's Secret modeling contract, her money making role as the face of Coach, her fashion magazine editorials around the world, and her fashion advertisements for the best and the brightest of the fashion modeling industry, you have the makings of a true "Money Girl" making millions of dollars in the fashion modeling world.
Beautiful Dark Blonde American Model Karlie Kloss Modeling For Animale Brazil (Animale Brasil) Fashion Advertisements And Animale Fashion Ads Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
Above: Beautiful Dark Blonde American Model Karlie Kloss Modeling For Animale Brazil (Animale Brasil) Fashion Advertisements And Animale Fashion Ads Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
Above: Animale Brazil (Animale Brasil) Model Interview With Beautiful American Model Karlie Kloss Modeling As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
ZARZAR MODELS is one of the top modeling agencies for women in the United States representing models in print fashion editorials, high fashion runway, film, television commercials, and promotions. The agency represents top models in all of the major fashion cities and counties including Los Angeles, Beverly Hills, Hollywood, Orange County Southern California, San Diego, San Francisco, Las Vegas, Phoenix, Miami, New York, London, Paris, Milan, Sao Paulo, and Tokyo and recruits and represents models throughout the world through its global fashion and modeling network.
http://www.zarzarmodels.com/
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The Highest Paid Models In The World And Their Recent Vogue Magazine Covers And Vogue Fashion Editorials From Around The World – Beautiful Bridal Collections And Wedding Couture Collections
Beautiful Blonde South African Model Candice Swanepoel Modeling For The Cover Of Vogue Australia Magazine And Vogue Australia Fashion Editorials The Model Series Modeling As The 10th Highest Paid Model In The World With Model Earnings For The Year Of $3.1 Million United States Dollars.
Above: Beautiful Blonde South African Model Candice Swanepoel Modeling For The Cover Of Vogue Australia Magazine And Vogue Australia Fashion Editorials "The Model Series" Modeling As The 10th Highest Paid Model In The World With Model Earnings For The Year Of $3.1 Million United States Dollars.
Above: Inbal Dror is a haute couture and wedding dress designer who has a studio located in Ashdod, Israel. She puts together spectacular wedding and evening gowns, and takes orders for custom made ensembles that can be designed specifically to the needs of the person buying the dress. Her beautiful wedding couture collection has a Roman Italian inspiration with gowns made of lavish tulle, lace, and fish tail hems. The model poses in wedding gowns and evening dresses, along historical landmarks in Rome Italy and on a beautiful carousel proving that you do not have to be among the highest paid models in the world to make beautiful bridal photo shoots and bridal videos.
Beautiful Brunette Australian Model Miranda Kerr Modeling For The Cover Of Vogue Australia Magazine And Vogue Australia Fashion Editorials The Model Series Modeling As The 7th Highest Paid Model In The World With Model Earnings For The Year Of $4 Million United States Dollars.
Above: Beautiful Brunette Australian Model Miranda Kerr Modeling For The Cover Of Vogue Australia Magazine And Vogue Australia Fashion Editorials "The Model Series" Modeling As The 7th Highest Paid Model In The World With Model Earnings For The Year Of $4 Million United States Dollars.
Above: The beautiful model is modeling in Roman ruins as she poses wearing the exquisite wedding couture collection designed by designer Dany Mizrachi proving that you do not have to be among the highest paid models in the world to make beautiful bridal photo shoots and bridal videos. Key hole satin gowns mixed with sequins, lace, and draping make for sleek looks that command fashion attention. Intricate beading, Grecian goddess inspired gowns, and massive ball gowns look glamorous against the Roman historical edifice.
Beautiful Blonde British Model Kate Moss Modeling For The Cover Of Vogue Australia Magazine And Vogue Australia Fashion Editorials The Model Series Modeling As The 2nd Highest Paid Model In The World With Model Earnings For The Year Of $9.2 Million United States Dollars.
Above: Beautiful Blonde 39 Year Old British Model Kate Moss Modeling For The Cover Of Vogue Australia Magazine And Vogue Australia Fashion Editorials "The Model Series" Modeling As The 2nd Highest Paid Model In The World With Model Earnings For The Year Of $9.2 Million United States Dollars. In Case You Missed The "Forever Young" Words On The Australian Vogue Magazine Cover Above, The Beautiful British Beauty Known Around The World As Kate Moss Will Turn 40 In Just A Few Months Proving That Her Massive Modeling Earnings Power Only Increases With Age.
Above: The gorgeous, long, and intricate wedding gowns of the beautiful Bridal Collection by designer Yaki Ravid feature lace handiwork, keyhole insets, embellished sleeves, puff shoulders, bustier details, and flowing hems. Beautiful model Natalya models the beautiful wedding couture against a rugged backdrop in the old city of Jaffa in Israel proving that you do not have to be among the highest paid models in the world to make beautiful bridal photo shoots and bridal videos. Gathered skirts and sequins make for gorgeous additions to these jaw dropping beautiful wedding gowns.
Beautiful Brunette Brazilian Model Gisele Bundchen Modeling For The Cover Of Vogue Brasil (Vogue Brazil) Magazine And Vogue Brasil Fashion Editorials Modeling As The Highest Paid Model In The World With Model Earnings For The Year Of $45 Million United States Dollars.
Above: Beautiful Brunette Brazilian Model Gisele Bundchen Modeling For The Cover Of Vogue Brasil (Vogue Brazil) Magazine And Vogue Brasil Fashion Editorials Modeling As The Highest Paid Model In The World With Model Earnings For The Year Of $45 Million United States Dollars.
Beautiful Blonde ZARZAR MODEL Jessica Harbour Modeling In Beautiful Del Mar At The Del Mar Racetracks (Del Mar Thoroughbred Club) In San Diego County Southern California Modeling For Locale Magazine Orange County Summer 2013 Fashion Issue.
Above: Beautiful Blonde ZARZAR MODEL Jessica Harbour Modeling In Beautiful Del Mar At The Del Mar Racetracks (Del Mar Thoroughbred Club) In San Diego County Southern California Modeling For Locale Magazine Orange County Summer 2013 Fashion Issue. Clothing Provided By Tommy Hilfiger.
Beautiful Blonde Dutch Model Doutzen Kroes Modeling For The Cover Of Vogue Japan Magazine And Vogue Japan Fashion Editorials Modeling As The 5th Highest Paid Model In The World With Model Earnings For The Year Of $6.9 Million United States Dollars.
Above: Beautiful Blonde Dutch Model Doutzen Kroes Modeling For The Cover Of Vogue Japan Magazine And Vogue Japan Fashion Editorials Modeling As The 5th Highest Paid Model In The World With Model Earnings For The Year Of $6.9 Million United States Dollars.
ZARZAR MODELS is one of the top modeling agencies for women in the United States representing models in print editorials, high fashion runway, film, television commercials, and promotions. The agency represents female models in major fashion cities and counties including Los Angeles, Beverly Hills, Hollywood, Orange County Southern California, San Diego, San Francisco, Las Vegas, Phoenix, Miami, New York, Toronto, London, Paris, Milan, Sao Paulo, and Tokyo and recruits and represents models throughout the world through its global fashion and modeling network.
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How To Become A Supermodel And The Secrets Of Becoming A Supermodel – How To Become A Victoria's Secret Supermodel And The Express Route From Unknown Model To Becoming A Supermodel For Victoria's Secret And Estée Lauder
Beautiful Blonde Supermodel Constance Jablonski Modeling For Estee Lauder Cosmetics Advertisements And Estee Lauder Makeup Ads. Makeup By Makeup Artist Tom Pecheux.
Above: Beautiful Blonde French Supermodel Constance Jablonski Modeling For Estee Lauder Cosmetics Advertisements And Estee Lauder Makeup Ads. Makeup By Makeup Artist Tom Pecheux.
Imagine that one day you are a beautiful Brazilian teenager eating a Big Mac at a local McDonald's in beautiful Brazil South America. Now imagine that same 14 year old girl from Brazil becoming the highest paid model in the world with earnings of approximately $45 million United States Dollars per year. Not only that, but this same Brazilian girl becoming a supermodel known around the world and becoming the face of everything from Dolce & Gabbana to Victoria's Secret. Now imagine that same supermodel becoming the first billionaire model in human history. With exception to the last part (the billionaire part), it happened to one girl. It happened to the Brazilian girl at the beginning of our story. It happened to Brazilian supermodel Gisele Bundchen. Could it happen to you? Well, the answer is yes and no.
The truth is that even for the most beautiful perfect young woman with the most beautiful personality, body, and face in the world, the odds are far better at winning the lottery. But still, every year, some women that model do make it in the fashion modeling industry and eventually become supermodels. It isn't impossible. So the question is how does a pretty teen girl go from nobody and unknown model to supermodel? How does one become a supermodel and is there an express route to becoming a supermodel for Victoria's Secret and Estée Lauder?
Beautiful Blonde French Supermodel Constance Jablonski Modeling For Estee Lauder Cosmetics Advertisements And Estee Lauder Makeup Ads As One Of The Highest Paid Supermodels In The World.
Above: Beautiful Blonde French Supermodel Constance Jablonski Modeling For Estee Lauder Cosmetics Advertisements And Estee Lauder Makeup Ads As One Of The Highest Paid Supermodels In The World.
How To Become A Supermodel And The Secrets Of Becoming A Supermodel For Victoria's Secret And Estée Lauder
Here is a textbook case from a few of our models and one of our magazine clients. The publisher calls our modeling agency and explains the concept for their next fashion editorial. The fashion editorial will be done at the fabulous San Diego Marriott Marquis & Marina Hotel as this is no ordinary hotel in San Diego Southern California having spent hundreds of millions of United States Dollars in its development and renovations. The fashion editorial will be at least 8 pages of beautiful images of two beautiful models selected by our modeling agency and photographed near the hotel's beautiful swimming pool and waterfalls. Our modeling agency then calls one of our newest models and offers her the editorial only to hear that she would like to politely decline. The reason, the fashion editorial does not pay enough or not at all. After talking with our model for some time and realizing that she will not change her mind our modeling agency then proceeds to call two other models. The two other models accept and become extremely excited to be a part of the fashion editorial even though they will have to drive several hours from their current location to arrive in San Diego Southern California just in time for the photo shoot (one model drove over 5 hours while the other model drove over 2 hours from Los Angeles County). The model that declined the fashion editorial was from San Diego so her driving would have been minimum.
Fast forward 2 months into the future and one of the models makes the cover of the magazine giving her maximum modeling exposure. The model that politely declined the fashion editorial missed out on the potential for a magazine cover. The model that made the magazine cover can now add that to her modeling portfolio (her book) and clients from around the world will see that she is a published model that the editors considered important enough for her to make the cover of their magazine. Now repeat this process over and over and the question is do you believe that the model that declined these opportunities will become a supermodel? Is there such a thing as a supermodel that makes no magazine covers? Or even better, is there such a thing as a supermodel that is never in any magazines? This is a textbook case, and because of our global reach our modeling agency encounters models that miss opportunities like this from time to time.
Beautiful Blonde French Supermodel Constance Jablonski Modeling For Estee Lauder Cosmetics Advertisements And Estee Lauder Makeup Ads As One Of The Highest Paid Supermodels In The World. Makeup By Makeup Artist Tom Pecheux.
Above: Beautiful Blonde French Supermodel Constance Jablonski Modeling For Estee Lauder Cosmetics Advertisements And Estee Lauder Makeup Ads As One Of The Highest Paid Supermodels In The World. Makeup By Makeup Artist Tom Pecheux.
How To Become A Victoria's Secret Supermodel And The Express Route From Unknown Model To Becoming A Supermodel For Victoria's Secret And Estée Lauder
A handful of models, like British model Kate Moss, take the express route to becoming a supermodel. Kate Moss was a 14 year old girl inside JFK Airport when she was first approached by an agent who worked for one of London's most prestigious modeling agencies. Other models, like Victoria's Secret Brazilian model Adriana Lima accompanied a friend to a modeling contest, only to end up being the discovery. But for most other models, the path to becoming a supermodel is a long process that begins when girls send photos of themselves to local or national modeling agencies or show up for an open casting call at a modeling agency. For example, Victoria's Secret's Brazilian model Alessandra Ambrosio took a modeling class in her hometown of Erechim in Brazil and then asked her mother to move with her to São Paulo where she was scouted by a local modeling agency. After that she won a modeling contest in Brazil sponsored by one of New York's biggest modeling agencies, and the rest is history.
Once a girl is signed with a big and prestigious modeling agency she is sent on what are called "go sees" which are castings where models are introduced to top photographers, important clients for magazine editorials, and top designers for runway shows. During Fashion Weeks in New York, London, Paris, and Milan Italy (held every year during spring and fall) a model can be sent on as many as a dozen go-sees a day for six straight weeks with almost no rest in between. It is this grueling and very low paying internship process that determines whether a model can stand out from the hundreds of other models (remember that all of the other hundreds of models competing for the same modeling jobs are also just as beautiful so personality will be a very important factor during the auditions).
Beautiful Brunette American Supermodel Hilary Rhoda Modeling For Estee Lauder Cosmetics Advertisements And Estee Lauder Makeup Ads As One Of The Highest Paid Supermodels In The World.
Above: Beautiful Brunette American Supermodel Hilary Rhoda Modeling For Estee Lauder Cosmetics Advertisements And Estee Lauder Makeup Ads As One Of The Highest Paid Supermodels In The World.
Getting cast in an important designer's show like that of Burberry, Gucci, or Prada can instantly launch a modeling career. Not getting cast at all for these runway shows can mean a one way ticket back home. Depending on her fashion modeling experience, a fashion model is usually paid between $250 to $1,200 an hour for runway work, but a beginner model takes home little or nothing and many fashion designers don't pay at all. For example, an "exclusive" model for Calvin Klein (meaning that the model can not walk for any other fashion designers) can earn as little as $9,500.00 for one show (and 15 hours of preparation time).
Beautiful Blonde ZARZAR MODEL Jessica Paterson Modeling For Shampoo And Conditioner Fashion Advertisements Nationwide. ZARZAR MODELING AGENCY Model.
Above: Beautiful Blonde ZARZAR MODEL Jessica Paterson Modeling For Shampoo And Conditioner Fashion Advertisements Nationwide. ZARZAR MODELING AGENCY Model.
How To Become A Supermodel And The Secrets Of Becoming A Supermodel For Victoria's Secret, Burberry, Gucci, Prada, And Estée Lauder
So you might be asking yourself: how is it that if modeling pays so little supermodels make so much money? The answer is that even though runway may not pay, it can actually pay off big time. It is here that a model can be scouted by the star makers of the fashion modeling industry which include fashion magazine editors, top photographers, and cosmetic company executives. But most importantly, It is here that the editors of Vogue magazine might take notice of a girl and put her in the pages of Vogue magazine and/or its international versions such as French Vogue and Italian Vogue for the entire world to discover. It is also important to mention that Vogue magazine can pay a model $250 to be on the cover of their magazine, and that is assuming that you are already a supermodel. Going back to our earlier example of one of our beautiful models that politely declined a fashion editorial and missed the opportunity to make a magazine cover, is there such a thing as a supermodel that makes no magazine covers? Or even better, is there such a thing as a supermodel that is never in any magazines?
Show me the money! Please, how can I make money modeling? I mean, real money not just a few thousand dollars per day. Well, here is an example (the short version). Fashion model Hilary Rhoda was spotted at a New York fashion show by Balenciaga's lead fashion designer who then brought the unknown runway model to the attention of his friend Aerin Lauder, Estée's granddaughter and the creative director for Estée Lauder. Hilary Rhoda was then introduced to executives of Estée Lauder and eventually became the face of Estée Lauder worldwide. Estée Lauder's models are chosen by its top executives. Model candidates are brought in for a photo shoot and put in pretend ads. The models then interview with the executives, who want to make sure the girls are well spoken and can handle store and media appearances. Contract models for larger cosmetic brands are generally paid between $300,000.00 to over $3 million a year, depending on exclusivity and the amount of days the model is expected to work.
Beautiful Brazilian Supermodel Alessandra Ambrosio Modeling For The Cover Of Vogue Brasil (Vogue Brazil) Magazine Photographed By Fabio Bartelt For Vogue Brasil Fashion Editorials.
Above: Beautiful Brazilian Supermodel Alessandra Ambrosio Modeling For The Cover Of Vogue Brasil (Vogue Brazil) Magazine Photographed By Fabio Bartelt For Vogue Brasil Fashion Editorials.
It is also important to remember that this is only for just one company as the superpower modeling agencies that represent these models are constantly booking their models with as many clients as possible. For example, fashion model Carolyn Murphy, who models for other brands, earned an estimated $5 million in one year. American supermodel Hilary Rhoda earned approximately $2 million in one year. Brazilian supermodel Gisele Bundchen earned approximately $45 million in one year. British supermodel Kate Moss earned approximately $9.2 million in one year. German supermodel Heidi Klum earned approximately $20 million in one year. You get the point. The models are also required to be a "positive role model" and have a "morals clause" in their contracts. At Victoria's Secret (which has made supermodels out of dozens of models, including the 14 year old girl Gisele Bundchen at the beginning of our story, along with Adriana Lima, Heidi Klum, Tyra Banks, and Alessandra Ambrosio) executives don't have to rely on personal preference to pick their next faces. They can measure a girl's potential in cold hard cash. "Some girls sell incredibly well" said Victoria's Secret Chief Marketing Officer Edward Razek. Computers track each photograph in every catalog and not surprisingly the girls who move the most merchandise (dresses, skirts, bikinis, bras, panties, and other sexy lingerie) end up moving up the corporate ladder to supermodel realm.
A Victoria's Secret supermodel can earn as little as $50,000.00 to $100,000.00+ per day, and if that along with magazine covers, fashion advertising campaigns around the world, runway shows for Burberry, Gucci, Prada, and Victoria's Secret does not motivate you, then probably nothing will, so you might as well politely decline like our model at the beginning of our story. What about the billionaire part for supermodel Gisele Bundchen? Well, we can say that supermodel Gisele Bundchen is well on her way to billionaire status based on the latest industry reports, but she can not even come close to supermodel Kathy Ireland and her multi-billion dollar retail fashion empire that she has created over the last few decades by licensing her name and image to thousands of products around the world. The moral of the story? The next time your superpower modeling agency calls you for a magazine fashion editorial or a runway show that will pay you almost nothing (let us say $250 for this example) per show, you just might want to think about it twice before politely declining. After all, there is a reason why superpower modeling agencies around the world became superpower modeling agencies in the first place.
Beautiful Blonde American ZARZAR MODEL Jessica Harbour Modeling For Valentine's Day Advertisements And Fashion Ads. ZARZAR MODELING AGENCY Model.
Above: Beautiful Blonde American ZARZAR MODEL Jessica Harbour Modeling For Valentine's Day Advertisements And Fashion Ads. ZARZAR MODELING AGENCY Model.
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Beautiful Blonde Victoria's Secret Model Lindsay Ellingson Modeling For The Cover Of W Magazine As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
Above: Beautiful Blonde Victoria's Secret Model Lindsay Ellingson Modeling For The Cover Of W Magazine As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World.
ZARZAR MODELS recently released the latest list of the world's most highly paid models. Ranked among the 50 highest paid models on the list of the highest paid models in the world is beautiful American Victoria's Secret fashion model Lindsay Ellingson who became super famous as one of the Victoria's Secret Angels (Lindsay Ellingson was born in beautiful Southern California in the United States of America) who modeled along with other Victoria's Secret Angels such as Alessandra Ambrosio, Adriana Lima, Doutzen Kroes, and Candice Swanepoel. Southern California you said? That's right. Southern California, and they have some stunning beautiful fashion models in Orange County, Los Angeles (a very popular destination for high fashion models), and San Diego that borders the beautiful Pacific Ocean and Mexico to the south.
Lindsay Marie Ellingson is a beautiful American fashion model that has modeled for Chanel, Dolce & Gabbana, Proenza Schouler, Valentino, Christian Dior, and other high fashion brands. Legend says that prior to being discovered she went to college at the University of California San Diego (UC San Diego) to study biology. After a photography test shoot, she was sent to model in Paris where she met famous fashion designer John Galliano who put her on the map. Lindsay Ellingson has walked in numerous fashion runway shows including Shiatzy Chen, Blumarine, Chanel, Christian Dior, John Galliano, Gucci, Valentino, Lacoste, Victoria's Secret, Marc Jacobs, Oscar de la Renta, Zac Posen, Diane Von Furstenberg, and Giorgio Armani. The fashion campaigns of American fashion model Lindsay Ellingson include Moschino, Donna Karan New York (DKNY), MAC, Dolce & Gabbana, Charles David, H&M, and Tommy Hilfiger and she has also graced the covers of Vogue magazine, Marie Claire magazine, Elle magazine, D magazine, GQ magazine and L'Officiel internationally. Lindsay Ellingson has also appeared in the pages of Allure magazine, Flair magazine, V magazine, and i-D magazine but is best known by the general public for having walked the Victoria's Secret fashion shows for many years giving her massive global exposure as an American fashion model.
Lindsay Ellingson has been walking for the Victoria's Secret fashion shows for many years and she and Victoria's Secret model Emanuela de Paula were chosen to be spokeswomen for "Body by Victoria" by Victoria's Secret alongside Victoria's Secret models Alessandra Ambrosio and Marisa Miller. Fashion model Lindsay Ellingson was also a featured model in the 2010 Victoria's Secret "SWIM" catalog, was listed as one of the Victoria's Secret brand's 12 "supermodels" and in 2011 she became one of the Victoria's Secret brand's signature Angels as well as the face of its perfume line VS Attractions and its new bra "Gorgeous" in which she did her first Victoria's Secret commercial without any other Victoria's Secret models. During 2011 she was also one of the faces of Clarins and had incredible success during 2012 as one of the Victoria's Secret Angels appearing in their commercials, catalogs, and walking for the 2012 Victoria's Secret fashion show (she looked beautiful in the "Silver Screen" theme wearing beautiful black Victoria's Secret lingerie with Angel wings walking alongside with Doutzen Kroes, Miranda Kerr, and the other beautiful Victoria's Secret Angels).
Victoria's Secret (a division of Limited Brands) continues to launch some of the industry's most intriguing and beautiful new faces. Among them: the beautiful blonde and incredibly sexy American beauty Lindsay Ellingson, who ranked among the top 50 highest paid models on the list of the most highly paid models in the world with estimated earnings of under $3 million United States Dollars over the past year. American fashion model Lindsay Ellingson has caught the eyes of fashion industry insiders, who say she could eventually rank among the top 25 highest paid models in the world and dominate the fashion modeling industry for many years.
American fashion model Lindsay Ellingson is ranked among the 50 highest paid fashion models in the world (the world's highest paid models list) and is one of the few models in the world to have been selected as a Victoria's Secret Angel for the year 2012 (this is the type of fashion modeling contract that can enable a high fashion model to print money faster than a cash machine). With her girl next door beautiful looks and natural sweetness, fashion model Lindsay Ellingson adds a touch of innocence to the Victoria's Secret portfolio of sexy bombshells. The All-American beauty known as Lindsay Ellingson is one of the Victoria's Secret brand's hottest star and when you factor in her Victoria's Secret contract, her longstanding role as one of the favorite faces of Victoria's Secret, and her ongoing presence in the high fashion runways of the world, her fashion magazine editorials, and her fashion advertisements for the best and the brightest of the fashion modeling industry, you have the makings of a true "Money Girl" making millions of dollars in the fashion modeling world.
Beautiful Blonde Victoria's Secret Model Lindsay Ellingson Modeling For Harper's Bazaar UK (United Kingdom) Magazine Fashion Editorials As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World. Makeup By Makeup Artist James Boehmer.
Above: Beautiful Blonde Victoria's Secret Model Lindsay Ellingson Modeling For Harper's Bazaar UK (United Kingdom) Magazine Fashion Editorials As One Of The Highest Paid Models In The World. Makeup By Makeup Artist James Boehmer.
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Beautiful ZARZAR MODELS Modeling For Follea Added Hair Products And Wigs Company For The CW Television Network For Breast Cancer Awareness Month
Beautiful Blonde ZARZAR MODEL Brooke Rilling Modeling In San Diego County In Torrey Pines Natural Reserve In Beautiful Black And Brown Dresses And Black Heels For High Fashion Ads - Follea Hair Products Model.
Above: Beautiful Blonde ZARZAR MODEL Brooke Rilling Modeling In San Diego County In Beautiful Black And Brown Dresses And Black Heels For High Fashion Ads. ZARZAR MODEL Brooke Rilling is a Follea model, one of the world's most prestigious added hair products and wigs company.
ZARZAR MODELING AGENCY also known as ZARZAR MODELS throughout the world congratulates its beautiful models Brooke Rilling and Genevieve from our Angels Division for their guest appearance this morning on the CW television network wearing beautiful wigs for hair industry leader Follea. October is Breast Cancer Awareness month and with that in mind Roberto Gonzalez from Follea discussed about how Follea is having their wig giveaway in order to help women going through chemotherapy.
Beautiful Brunette ZARZAR MODEL Genevieve Modeling In San Diego County Southern California In Beautiful Black Dresses And Chanel Accessories For High Fashion Ads. Follea Wigs Model.
Above: Beautiful Brunette ZARZAR MODEL Genevieve Modeling In San Diego County Southern California In Beautiful Black Dresses And Chanel Accessories For High Fashion Ads. ZARZAR MODEL Genevieve is a Follea model, one of the world's most prestigious added hair products and wigs company.
Globally recognized as the industry leader in quality, craftsmanship, and innovation, Follea has set the standard for creating beautiful, long lasting added hair products and providing excellent client service. Hair professionals from the United States to Europe and Australia have acclaimed the reputation of Follea as Nature's Most Beautiful Hair™ which is why ZARZAR MODELING AGENCY is proud to have partnered with Follea for this special CW television network presentation.
Beautiful Blonde ZARZAR MODELS Brooke Rilling Modeling In San Diego County Southern California For High Fashion Clients In Beautiful Black Dresses. Follea Wigs Model.
Above: Beautiful Blonde ZARZAR MODEL Brooke Rilling Modeling In San Diego County In Beautiful Black Neiman Marcus Dresses And Black Heels For High Fashion Ads. ZARZAR MODEL Brooke Rilling is a Follea model, one of the world's most prestigious added hair products and wigs company.
ZARZAR MODELS is one of the top modeling agencies in the United States for women representing models in print editorials, high fashion runway, film, television commercials, and promotions. The agency represents top models in all of the major fashion cities and counties including Los Angeles, Beverly Hills, Hollywood, Orange County Southern California, San Diego, San Francisco, Las Vegas, Phoenix, Miami, New York, London, Paris, Milan, Sao Paulo, and Tokyo and recruits and represents models throughout the world through its global fashion and modeling network.
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Bali Bird Walk in Ubud
Birdwatching Tours in Bali
Bali Bird Walk offers fun birdwatching tours around the lush countryside of Ubud. It is one of the most well-established operators on the island offering nature tours of its kind. Set up by ornithologist Victor Mason in 1990, who is well-known for his books on exotic birds and butterflies in Bali, the walk takes you on a day out through some of the highland area's most beautiful nature trails.
Various walks are available, which include a 5-km (approximately 3.5-hour) ramble through Ubud, as well as tours to far-flung regions all over the island. Such extended tours include the mangrove forests on Bali's south, the highlands of Mount Batukaru and the forested lakesides of central Bali.
What you'll see on a Bali Bird Walk tour
Consider yourself lucky if you get to spot over a dozen species from the hundreds known on your walk. Endemic Bali bird species include the Java kingfisher, the bar-winged prinia, Java sparrow, and the scarlet-headed flowerpecker. There are also many other tropical birds with dazzling plumage to be found.
The butterflies are also a highlight, such as the Helena birdwing, the banded common sailer, and red lacewings fluttering among the foliage. You'll also come across exotic trees, medicinal plants and wildflowers on your trip. The guided walks normally take up to 4 hours and usually include lunch in their packages.
Birdwatching trails around Ubud are usually held every Tuesday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday. The starting point is at Murni's Warung on Jalan Campuhan, several minutes from the centre of Ubud.
Location: Jalan Raya Campuhan, Ubud, Gianyar, Bali 80571, Indonesia
Ari Gunadi | Compulsive Traveler
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Springfield, MO. (April 20, 2016) - The Museum is thrilled to announce two major gifts to the #SaveTheFrenchFries Campaign, the Museum's fundraising project for this year's Give Ozarks on May 3. The Friends of the Springfield Art Museum and Bob & Sally Scheid have both pledged $3,000 toward the Museum's $17,500 goal.
These funds will provide for the restoration of John Henry's Sun Target II, better known around Springfield by the moniker "The French Fries," as well as several works by Ernest Trova on the Museum grounds. Sun Target II was acquired by the Museum in 1980 with assistance from the Missouri Arts Council and the Ola E. McAdoo bequest. It has since become a defining piece of Springfield's cultural landscape and its local identity.
The Museum has joined with the Humane Society of Southwest Missouri, the Lighthouse Child and Family Development Center, the Discovery Garden Montessori School, and the Ozarks SySTEAMic Coalition (O-STEAM) to host an afternoon of art-making, science activities, face painting, music, animals, snacks, and lemonade on May 3 from 3 to 5 PM at the Sun Target II, located at the corner of National and Bennett. This event is free and fun for all ages.
Donations to Give Ozarks will be accepted at the event for each of the participating organizations. Online donations to these organizations on May 3 automatically enter them into hourly drawings for prizes totaling $100,000. These prizes were secured from generous sponsors all over southwest Missouri by The Community Foundation of the Ozarks.


JerseyCat is the free statewide inter-library loan program. Member libraries can borrow books and other materials, and obtain photocopies from participating New Jersey libraries. An agreement with OCLC also allows JerseyCat members to request items from out-of-state libraries if what they need is not available in New Jersey.
PLEASE NOTE: A new version of JerseyCat was launched February 1, 2015. Please read the instructions below, as some functions have changed.
FIRST, search the Hillside Public Library's ONLINE CATALOG to be sure we do not already own the item(s) you want.
Click on 'RESOURCES' to select the libraries whose collections you wish to include in your search; the default search does NOT search all libraries.
HELPFUL TIP: The more libraries you choose to search, the slower your search will be and the more irrelevant results you may have to wade through. When searching for popular titles or authors, you may need to search only a few nearby libraries for good results. Select more libraries when you are searching for less popular items.
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The search results page will show all items related to your keyword(s). NOTE: You can click one of the icons on the right, above the search results, to display the list in gallery view, list view, or grid view. If you get TOO MANY results, you can click on one of the filters in the left-hand sidebar to narrow your search by subject, author, date, title, publisher, or format. If you get NO results, try changing your keywords, using the Advanced Search option, and/or searching more libraries.
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Click 'SUBMIT' at the bottom of the request form. Click 'CANCEL' to close the form without submitting your request. A message will appear confirming that your interlibrary loan request has been submitted. Click 'Print Request' from the ILL menu on the left if you wish to keep a paper copy for your records. From the ILL menu you can also choose either 'Return to My Results' or 'Track My Requests'. Or click the HOME icon on the left-hand tab to start a new search.
To check on the status of your ILL request(s), click on the 'TRACK ILL REQUEST' tab. You must log in with the name and password you used in steps above. Be sure to log in with last name, first name (you don't need to capitalize or use a comma, and it doesn't matter whether you include a space after the comma or not) – e.g., 'smith, mary' or 'smith,mary' or 'smith mary' rather than 'mary smith'. A list of the items you have requested will appear. You cannot cancel a request from this tracking list. You must contact the library to cancel a request.
Click the HOME icon on the left-hand tab at any time to start a new search.
With thanks to the South Plainfield Public Library for these instructions.