text:
<?php
// Exit if accessed directly.
if ( ! defined( 'ABSPATH' ) ) exit;
$output = '
{{if_condition_form_type==contact-form-7}}
[contact-form-7 id="{{cf7_form_id}}"]
{{ifend_condition_form_type_contact-form-7}}

{{if_condition_form_type==gravityform}}
[gravityform id="{{gf_form_id}}" title="true" description="true"]
{{ifend_condition_form_type_gravityform}}

{{if_condition_form_type==wpforms}}
[wpforms id="{{wp_form_id}}"]
{{ifend_condition_form_type_wpforms}}

{{if_condition_form_type==ninja_form}}
[ninja_form id="{{nj_forms_id}}"]
{{ifend_condition_form_type_ninja_form}}
';

$css = '';
$formSupported = array();
include_once( ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/plugin.php' );
if(is_plugin_active('amp-cf7/amp-cf7.php')){
	$formSupported = array_merge($formSupported, array('contact-form-7'=>'Contact Form 7'));

	  $args = array('post_type' => 'wpcf7_contact_form', 'posts_per_page' => -1);
	$cf7Forms = get_posts( $args );
	$form_titles = wp_list_pluck( $cf7Forms , 'post_title' );
	$form_id = wp_list_pluck( $cf7Forms , 'ID' );
	$cf7formArray = array();
	if(count($form_titles)>0){
		foreach ($form_titles as $key => $formName) {
			$cf7formArray[$form_id[$key]] = $formName;
		}
	}
	$cf7FormsList = array(array(
					'type'	=>'select',
					'name'  =>'cf7_form_id',
					'label' =>"Select Form",
					'tab'     =>'customizer',
					'default' =>'',
					'options_details'=>$cf7formArray,
					'content_type'=>'html',
					'required'  => array('form_type' => 'contact-form-7'),
				));

}
if(is_plugin_active('amp-gravity-forms/amp-gravity-forms.php') && class_exists('RGFormsModel')){
	$formSupported = array_merge($formSupported, array('gravityform'=>'Gravity Form'));

	$apbGFforms = RGFormsModel::get_forms();
	$grvtyformArray = array();
	if(count($apbGFforms)){
		foreach( $apbGFforms as $form ):
			$grvtyformArray[$form->id] = $form->title;
		endforeach;
	}
	$gravityFormsList = array(array(
					'type'	=>'select',
					'name'  =>'gf_form_id',
					'label' =>"Select Form",
					'tab'     =>'customizer',
					'default' =>'',
					'options_details'=>$grvtyformArray,
					'content_type'=>'html',
					'required'  => array('form_type' => 'gravityform'),
				));
}
if(is_plugin_active('amp-wp-forms/amp-wpforms.php')){
	$formSupported = array_merge($formSupported, array('wpforms'=>'WP Forms'));

	//$args  = apply_filters( 'wpforms_modal_select', array() );
	// No ID provided, get multiple forms
	$defaults = array(
		'post_type'     => 'wpforms',
		'orderby'       => 'id',
		'order'         => 'ASC',
		'no_found_rows' => true,
		'nopaging'      => true,
	);
	$args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );
	$args['post_type'] = 'wpforms';
	$forms = get_posts( $args );
	$wpformsArray = array();
	if(count($forms)){
		foreach( $forms as $form ):
			$wpformsArray[$form->id] = $form->post_title;
		endforeach;
	}
	$wpformsList = array(array(
					'type'	=>'select',
					'name'  =>'wp_forms_id',
					'label' =>"Select Form",
					'tab'     =>'customizer',
					'default' =>'',
					'options_details'=>$wpformsArray,
					'content_type'=>'html',
					'required'  => array('form_type' => 'wpforms'),
				));
}
if(is_plugin_active('amp-ninja-forms/amp-ninja-forms.php') && function_exists('Ninja_Forms')){
	$formSupported = array_merge($formSupported, array('ninja_form'=>'Ninja Forms'));

	$ninjaforms_modified = array();

	if ( get_option( 'ninja_forms_load_deprecated', false ) ) {
		$forms = Ninja_Forms()->forms()->get_all();

		foreach ( $forms as $form_id ) {
			$ninjaforms_modified[ $form_id ] = Ninja_Forms()->form( $form_id )->get_setting( 'form_title' );;
		}
	} else {
		$forms = Ninja_Forms()->form()->get_forms();
		foreach ( $forms as $index => $form ) {
			$ninjaforms_modified[ $form->get_id() ] = $form->get_setting( 'title' );
		}
	}
	$ninjaFormList = array(array(
					'type'	=>'select',
					'name'  =>'nj_forms_id',
					'label' =>"Select Form",
					'tab'     =>'customizer',
					'default' =>'',
					'options_details'=>$ninjaforms_modified,
					'content_type'=>'html',
					'required'  => array('form_type' => 'ninja_form'),
				));
}

$formFields = array(
				array(
					'type'	=>'select',
					'name'  =>'form_type',
					'label' =>"Select Form",
					'tab'     =>'customizer',
					'default' =>'',
					'options_details'=>$formSupported,
					'content_type'=>'html',
					'helpmessage' => 'This module requires AMP Contact Form 7 or AMP Gravity Forms Extension. View all the Extensions'
				),
			);
if(isset($cf7FormsList)){
	$formFields = array_merge($formFields, $cf7FormsList);
}
if(isset($gravityFormsList)){
	$formFields = array_merge($formFields, $gravityFormsList);
}
if(isset($wpformsList)){
	$formFields = array_merge($formFields, $wpformsList);
}
if(isset($ninjaFormList)){
	$formFields = array_merge($formFields, $ninjaFormList);
}
return array(
		'label' =>'Contact Forms',
		'name' =>'contact-form-shortcode',
		'default_tab'=> 'customizer',
		'tabs' => array(
              'customizer'=>'Content',
              'design'=>'Design',
              'advanced' => 'Advanced',
			  'layout' => 'Layout'
            ),
		'fields' => $formFields,
		'front_template'=> $output,
		'front_common_css'=>'',
	);

?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
package com.parallelsymmetry.cirrus;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D;
import java.awt.geom.Path2D;
import java.awt.geom.Rectangle2D;
import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;

import javax.swing.JComponent;

final class PopupMenuSeparatorPainter extends AbstractRegionPainter {
	//package private integers representing the available states that
	//this painter will paint. These are used when creating a new instance
	//of PopupMenuSeparatorPainter to determine which region/state is being painted
	//by that instance.
	static final int BACKGROUND_ENABLED = 1;

	private int state; //refers to one of the static final ints above

	private PaintContext ctx;

	//the following 4 variables are reused during the painting code of the layers
	private Path2D path = new Path2D.Float();

	private Rectangle2D rect = new Rectangle2D.Float( 0, 0, 0, 0 );

	private RoundRectangle2D roundRect = new RoundRectangle2D.Float( 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 );

	private Ellipse2D ellipse = new Ellipse2D.Float( 0, 0, 0, 0 );

	//All Colors used for painting are stored here. Ideally, only those colors being used
	//by a particular instance of PopupMenuSeparatorPainter would be created. For the moment at least,
	//however, all are created for each instance.
	private Color color1 = decodeColor( "cirrusSecondary", -0.008547008f, -0.03830409f, -0.039215684f, 0 );

	//Array of current component colors, updated in each paint call
	private Object[] componentColors;

	public PopupMenuSeparatorPainter( PaintContext ctx, int state ) {
		super();
		this.state = state;
		this.ctx = ctx;
	}

	@Override
	protected void doPaint( Graphics2D g, JComponent c, int width, int height, Object[] extendedCacheKeys ) {
		//populate componentColors array with colors calculated in getExtendedCacheKeys call
		componentColors = extendedCacheKeys;
		//generate this entire method. Each state/bg/fg/border combo that has
		//been painted gets its own KEY and paint method.
		switch( state ) {
			case BACKGROUND_ENABLED:
				paintBackgroundEnabled( g );
				break;

		}
	}

	@Override
	protected final PaintContext getPaintContext() {
		return ctx;
	}

	private void paintBackgroundEnabled( Graphics2D g ) {
		rect = decodeRect1();
		g.setPaint( color1 );
		g.fill( rect );

	}

	private Rectangle2D decodeRect1() {
		rect.setRect( decodeX( 0.0f ), //x
		decodeY( 1.0f ), //y
		decodeX( 3.0f ) - decodeX( 0.0f ), //width
		decodeY( 2.0f ) - decodeY( 1.0f ) ); //height
		return rect;
	}

}


YES! AGAIN??? THE BOYS ARE BACK!
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STEVE BURTON AND BRADFORD ANDERSON LIVE AT GENERAL HOSPITAL FAN CLUB WEEKEND BRINGING YOU A NEW SHOW!
JOIN STEVE AND BRADFORD FOR GH STORIES, LAUGHS AND PICTURES!!
SHOW AND A PHOTO WITH THE GUYS AFTER!


solving and troubleshooting. IT Support Contracts HULL.
As a Hull resident, you have access to experienced for more than 10 years computer support in your own home.
industry for 10 years or more. With this in mind, you're in safe hands.
Laptop and PC hardware Maintenance & Upgrade.
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Virus, spy ware & adware removal.
USB port replacement / repair.
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Blackberry / PDA installation / troubleshooting.
Networking for home or business user.
Secure connectivity to the Internet.
Training on proper networking and security guidelines.
Network troubleshooting for home and small / medium business.
Wireless / wired network / router setup.


Sub: New protocol for deployment of Staff Nurses under WBNS cadre in various Health Institutions.
In supersession of previous rules, if any, the following protocol regarding placement of Staff Nurses for below mentioned areas should be maintained immediately.
1. One Staff Nurse Gr.II will be deployed at Gynecological and Obstetrics OPD only. Other Staff Nurses deployed in other OPDs should be withdrawn immediately and be utilized for the in-patient services as per requirement of the Institution.
2. Night-off is to be enjoyed on specified day only. Neither it should be accumulated nor be tagged with any other leave.
a. Morning shift = 40% of total nursing staff of the ward.
b. Evening shift = 30% of total nursing staff of the ward.
c. Night shift = 30% of total nursing staff of the ward.
This should be followed strictly in all Health Institutions in the State of West Bengal.


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text:
Joan Wright
Obituary of Joan Wright
Joan passed away at home, with family by her side in her 90th year, on Saturday, December 24, 2022. Joan was the wife of the late Raymond Wright and late Ken Collver. Dear mother of Rod (Liz), Kim (Kime), David, Terry (Connie), and Jon. She will be missed by her boys, grandchildren, and great grandchildren.
Joan worked for the original Dominion Store, then A & P and Metro. She worked her way from part-time cashier to head cashier and made many lasting friendships. She enjoyed playing cards with her friends, quilting with her quilting group, gardening and reading.
The family would like to extend its appreciation and gratitude to so many health care professionals who cared for Joan over the last 2 ½ years. Special thanks to Aimee LaBrash from the North East LHIN who provided support, guidance, direction and empathy to Joan and the family. Also many thanks to Amy (PSW) who through her kindness and care made life easier for Joan and Marlo (PT) who always made Joan laugh. Joan enjoyed their visits.
Friends will be received on Friday, December 30th, 2022 at the Northwood Funeral Home (942 Great Northern Road, Sault Ste. Marie) from 10:30 a.m. until the time of service at 11 a.m. Memorial contributions made to Sault Area Hospital or Diabetes Canada would be appreciated by the family.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Java also uses compiler. So, if we meet with compile error, we need to check compile option.
'Project' -> 'Properties' -> 'Java Compiler' -> 'Errors/Warnings' -> 'Deprecated and restricted API' -> Forbidden reference (access rule) -> change from 'Error' to 'Warning'.
=> We can make compile success. But, please keep it mind... using forbidden reference is not recommended!!
We can use following window style option at CreateWindowEx().
We can changne configuration in runtime by using following API.
: Layered window's attributes (Alpha value, Transparet color etc) can be changed.
: Window의 Ex Style can be changed. We can set or clear "Click-Through" by setting or clearing WS_EX_TRANSPARENT attributes.
by set 'lpszMenuName' as 'NULL' at 'WNDCLASSEX' structure when 'CreateWindowEx' is called.
by creating brush of preferred color at 'hbrBackground'.
by set 'dwStype' parameter as 'WS_POPUP' style.
* (Issue) Maximized window covers Taskbar!
We can resolve this issue by using 'WM_GETMINMAXINFO' and 'SystemParametersInfo/SPI_GETWORKAREA'.
Let's put following code in the handler of 'WM_GETMINMAXINFO'.
1.1. Run setup.exe and continue to package selection list.
1.2. Under Devel catagory select tools you need for compiling your source. For example 'GNU make'.
2.1. Copy 'cygwin-gcc-linux.tar.bz2' to 'c:\cygwin' or install directory which you selected in setup.exe.
2.2. Open Cygwin shell and change directory to root with 'cd /'.
Cross-compilers are installed under '/opt/crosstool'. You can use them directly or with commands: gcc-linux, g++-linux, gcc-linux-2.95, g++-linux-2.95, gcc-linux-x86_64 and g++-linux-x86_64.
Error when executing shell command in "Cygwin make"
Take you attention to ';;' - two consecutive semicolon.
In above path environment, executable binaries like 'cp', 'mkdir' that are in 'c:\cywin\bin', works well. But, shell command like 'cmd' raise error something like "command not found".
After removing ';;' - consecutive semicolon (empty path) -, all works well.
So, here is my inference.
"Cywin make" executes command by following order.
1. searching path environment to file executable binary.
2. regards command as 'shell command' and try to execute.
In case that ';;' is appeared in the path, "Cygwin make" cannot recognize path after ';;'. So, executables located in the directory those are before ';;' works well. But, those are not, "Cygwin make" treats it as "shell command" and raises error (there is no shell command like this...).


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text:
AUS-VIC-POI
How to be included within the App
Please note the the email address will be used to login into your account.
You have read the Privacy Policy
To be included within the App requires you to establishing a secure account and then setup your listing, on completion it will display your service within the App.
Print this page to act as a checklist.
Use the link to Create an Account from the menu to set up your secure account
Enter the information to Create an Account using a valid email address
You will receive an email that will have a link to validate your account
Once the account creation form is submitted
Go to https://www.latlong.net type in your address
Zoom in on the map to confirm your location
Re position the marker as close to the building entrance as possible, the phone will provide the directions to within 8 meters of the location recorded
Obtain the Latitude and Longitude and write them down ( to be used later )
Latitude - ____________________Longitude ______. _____________
By now you should have received an email requesting you to validate your new account
Use the link within the email to Validate your account
Login to your account and select Add Listing from the menu bar
Select the Listing Category
Submit the listing information
If you have not done so go to your App store, search for Locate Locally
Download and install the App
Open the App your new listing should now be seen on the App.
NOTE: In some cases when checking the listing for the first time, you may have to be 50 meters away from the entered location, to see the listing clearly depending on the phone that is being used.
Copyright © 2019. All Rights Reserved Locate by App Pty Ltd.
www.Locatebyapp.com.au


text:
Sponsor: COUNCILMEMBER GOTTSTEIN
Title: Waiving the personal debt of a certain special tax bill of the City issued upon property owned by Joseph W. Burge located at 900 East 21st Street and releasing Joseph W. Burge of personal liability for this assessment.
5/15/2008 Referred to Planning and Zoning Committee
5/21/2008 Hold On Agenda (5/28/2008)
5/28/2008 Hold On Agenda (6/4/2008)
6/4/2008 Hold On Agenda (7/9/2008)
7/9/2008 Hold On Agenda (7/23/2008)
9/24/2008 Hold On Agenda (10/1/2008)
10/1/2008 Hold On Agenda (10/8/2008)
10/8/2008 Hold Off Agenda
7/15/2009 Release
7/16/2009 Released
http://kansascity.granicus.com/ViewSearchResults.php?view_id=2&keywords=080520 Video Link 0K http://kansascity.granicus.com/ViewSearchResults.php?view_id=2&keywords=080520
fact sheet.xls Advertise Notice 63K fact sheet
COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE FOR ORDINANCE NO. 080520
Waiving the personal debt of a certain special tax bill of the City issued upon property owned by Joseph W. Burge located at 900 East 21st Street and releasing Joseph W. Burge of personal liability for this assessment.
Section 1. That the Council hereby determines that a public benefit will be gained by the City by the discharge of the personal debt of the special tax bill issued by the City on October 1, 2007, upon the property owned by Joseph W. Burge of Kansas City, Missouri and located at 900 East 21st Street and hereby waives the personal debt imposed by Assessment No. 6327057 in the amount of $412,969.00 plus any and all interest and penalties which may have accrued since the date of the assessment, hereby releasing Joseph W. Burge of his personal liability for this assessment only, for the property legally described as:
Lot 1, except the north 10 feet thereof, and Lots 2 thru 16, A. P. Buseys Subdivision of the west of Block 2, Boutons Addition to Kansas City, a subdivision in Kansas City, Jackson County, Missouri, together with that part of vacated Campbell Street described as follows: Campbell Street from a point 129.0 feet north of the north line of 21st Street to a point 383.0 feet north of the north line of 21st Street (being the south right of way line of the Kansas City Terminal Railway on the east side of Campbell Street).
Jesse Sendejas


Deadline for extended abstract submission is extended to 15th July 2018.
All teachers who registered and paid to participate ICSTEM 2018 are eligible to enter I-PEX 2018 without extra charges. I-PEX 2018 is for teachers to showcase their innovative and best practices in teaching and learning STEM that they apply in their teaching.
Use the I-PEX 2018 Template to write the extended abstract. Click HERE to download.
Register your extended abstract at I-PEX 2018 Registration Form. Register HERE. (Registration has already closed).
Submit your extended abstract to wa.izzati@utm.my before 1st July 2018 15th July 2018.
Each registration entitles entrance/ participation for one person only. Team members of innovation will have to register to ICSTEM2018 and I-PEX2018 to enter the event.
Each innovation will be given one (1) display panel for poster without table, chair, and electrical socket. If you need them, please contact Ms. Izzati (wa.izzati@utm.my). RM300 will be charged for a set of table, chair and electrical socket.
A certificate will be given to each innovation, that will include the title of innovation and name of team members according to the extended abstract submitted. If you need more certificate, please inform us. Additional payment will be charged for printing and postage of the certificates.


The Soonet BBS > Health, Sports, Outdoors... > The Great Outdoor > Other > Bike Stores in the Sault?
View Full Version : Bike Stores in the Sault?
Any good bike stores in the Sault? We're coming up next weekend and want to check around. Duke of Windsor? Velorution? Any others that are not C.T. or W.M.?
We were looking at maybe Divinci. I used to have a Trek I liked. Any other recommendations? Looking in the $1000 range for a guys and girls hardtail.
in my opinion velorution is the best shop for bikes and parts. and as far as i know there the only ones that sell davinci bikes in the soo. Actualy i was there today and they have nice davinci bikes there for under 1000.


text:
Q: Are content types in Drupal 8 the same as tables in a database? If I am creating a database and I have two tables with a many-to-many relationship, I would create a third table to represent the relationship.
But how should I implement the above data model in Drupal 8, should I create three content types? so my question is, are content types in Drupal 8 the same as tables in a database, or are they something else that should be used in a different way?

A: To store data in a custom table in Drupal 8 you're going to want to define a custom schema and expose it through a hook. Here is Acquia's documentation on that process. This is not the same as creating a content type.
Content type data is stored across several tables that are shared by other content types (such as node and node_revision) and manipulating these tables is not easy.
The quickest way to add a content type is through the method recommended in Adding a Content Type from chapter 6 of the Drupal 8 User Guide. This allows for all the standard GUI methods for manipulating data structures.

A: As Isaiah says, content types in Drupal are not technically the same as tables in a database as they use many tables. But!
In your case, if you have something like table A with:
- name
- email
- phone
- id

And a second table, table B with:
- company
- something else
- etc…
- id

and are looking at a third that would likely be something like:
- id
- table A id
- table B id

Then the answer is yes.
In this case you would have content type A with fields for name, email, phone, and then an entity reference field pointing to content type B with the company fields.
You can reference in any direction with the entity reference field.
You might also find "Is there a way to input the data of multiple content types" helpful.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Frontiers in Health Informatics
Mousavi Baigi
Archives (2017 and Earlier)
Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi Baigi
https://SPS.mums.ac.ir
MSc Student, Health Information Technology Student, Department of Medical Records and Health Information Technology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
MSc Student, Health Information Technology Student, Department of Medical Records andHealth Information Technology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University ofMedical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi Baigi
http://pioio.com
BSc, Information Technology, Department of Computer and Information Technology, Sajjad University, Mashhad, Iran.
Mohammad Reza Mazaheri Habibi
http://www.varastegan.ac.ir
Assistant Professor, Department of Health Information Technology, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
دکتری، استادیار، گروه فناوری اطلاعات سلامت، موسسه علوم پزشکی وارستگان، مشهد، ایران.
Journal ID (publisher-id): FHD
Title: Frontiers in Health Informatics
Abbreviated Title: Front Health Inform
License (open-access):
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Date received: 16 December 2021
Date accepted: 22 February 2022
Publication date (print): 2022
Publication date (electronic): 5 March 2022
Electronic Location Identifier: 109
Challenges and opportunities of using telemedicine during COVID-19 epidemic: A systematic review
Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi Baigi1 , Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi Baigi2 and Mohammad Reza Mazaheri Habibi3, *
Author information and notes
[1] MSc Student in Health Information Technology, Department of Medical Records and Health Information Technology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
[2] BSc in Information Technology, Department of Computer and Information Technology, Sajjad University of Technology, Mashhad, Iran
[3] Assistant Professor, Department of Health Information Technology, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran MazaheriM@varastegan.ac.ir
Correspondence to: [*] Corresponding author: Mohammad Reza Mazaheri Habibi
Introduction: Covid-19 pandemic is spreading rapidly around the world. Given the high risk of transmission of the disease in order to curb the effects of the epidemic, governments and health care organizations must maximize the capacity of medical care, protective equipment and preventive measures. Therefore, in this study, the challenges and recommendations for the use and development of telemedicine technologies during the Covid-19 epidemic were examined.
Material and Methods: A systematic review of English-language studies was conducted by searching for keywords in the authoritative scientific databases. Studies related to the challenges and recommendations of telemedicine at the time of the Covid-19 epidemic were considered as inclusion criteria. Titles and abstracts were screened independently based on eligibility criteria. Complete texts were then retrieved and screened independently based on eligibility criteria. The checklist was used to extract data such as study title, first author name, year of publication, country, challenges and telemedicine recommendations during the Covid-19 epidemic.
Results: In this study, the existing challenges and recommendations for the use and development of telemedicine technologies were examined. Challenges studied in the studies were included three categories of human, managerial and technical challenges. Human factors, management factors and technical factors
Conclusion: The results showed that today human and managerial challenges play a more fundamental and important role than technical challenges. In addition, Covid-19 emergencies are effective in addressing telemedicine challenges, and efforts are underway to expand telemedicine more rapidly as a response to managing and controlling the outbreak of Covid-19 epidemics.
Key Words: Telemedicine, Digital Medical Care, Covid-19, Corona Virus, Epidemic
Covid-19 pandemic was first reported on December 31, 2019; then, on January 30, 2020, the WHO declared it a public health emergency related to international concerns [1]. Corona virus is a single-stranded RNA virus. The virus can be immediately translated by its RNA messengers and incorporated into the host cell. After rapid proliferation, it infects the individual inside the cell [2].
Therefore, due to the high risk of transmission of the disease and the high percentage of deaths due to Covid-19, hospitals and health care centers in order to curb the effects of the epidemic, must use all capacities of medical care, protective equipment of health care providers and prevention techniques to cause Increase your efficiency [3].
To deal with the rapid progression of this disease requires extensive care services and the provision of resources and equipment, which has created a great challenge for all countries [4]. Among these, one of the most important innovative strategies for controlling epidemic control is remote social measures, and the most important one in crisis situations is telemedicine [5].
In addition to all the challenges, the outbreak of coronavirus is a new opportunity for countries to adopt and use telemedicine. However, the ultimate solution to controlling the outbreak of Covid-19 would be to use multidimensional solutions. But one of the most important solutions is telemedicine [6]. Telemedicine leads to maximum efficiency of health services in health care systems [7]. Although before the epidemic, telemedicine existed and its effectiveness was proven, but still faced many challenges and obstacles. With the advent of the Covid-19 epidemic, despite all the challenges, telemedicine has evolved and become more widely accepted [6]. In addition, telemedicine has provided fair, cost-effective and safe services for patients and health care providers during an epidemic [8]. As a result, the development and use of telemedicine has increased rapidly during the Covid-19 epidemic. At present, telemedicine has led to a decrease in face-to-face visits to outpatient and inpatient medical services [9], but there are still challenges in the development of telemedicine that need to be addressed [6]. A systematic review of the challenges and recommendations in the use and development of telemedicine was conducted as a guide for its implementation and use.
This study was conducted on the basis of a systematic review of previous evidence and similar studies to provide an answer to the research question (What are the challenges and recommendations for the use and development of telemedicine during the Covid-19 epidemic?). Therefore, a systematic review of studies, by searching for related keywords in three categories of words related to Covid-19, telemedicine and challenges and recommendations in the title, abstract and keywords of studies in the authoritative scientific databases Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed was launched on November 24, 2021. The keywords searched are as follows:
1. "COVID 19", "COVID-19 Virus Disease", "Coronavirus Disease-19", "COVID-19 Pandemic", "2019-nCoV Disease", "2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease", "2019-nCoV Disease"
2. "Telemedicine", "Telerehabilitation", "telehealth", "Mobile Health", "eHealth", "mHealth"
3. "Barrier", "obstacles", "challenges", "Opportunities"
Table 1 shows the search strategy performed by each database.
Database Search strategy
PubMed ("COVID 19"[Title/Abstract] OR "COVID-19 Virus Disease"[Title/Abstract] OR "Coronavirus Disease-19"[Title/Abstract] OR "COVID-19 Pandemic"[Title/Abstract] OR "2019-nCoV Disease"[Title/Abstract] OR "2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease"[Title/Abstract] OR "2019-nCoV Disease"[Title/Abstract]) AND ("Telemedicine"[Title/Abstract] OR "Telerehabilitation"[Title/Abstract] OR "telehealth"[Title/Abstract] OR "Mobile Health"[Title/Abstract] OR "eHealth "[Title/Abstract] OR "mHealth"[Title/Abstract]) AND ("Barrier"[Title/Abstract] OR "obstacles"[Title/Abstract] OR "challenges"[Title/Abstract] OR "Opportunities"[Title/Abstract]) Filters applied: Free full text, English, from 2019/12/29 - 2021/11/24. Clear all
Scopus TITLE-ABS-KEY ( ( "COVID 19" OR "COVID-19 Virus Disease" OR "Coronavirus Disease-19" OR "COVID-19 Pandemic" OR "2019-nCoV Disease" OR "2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease" OR "2019-nCoV Disease" ) AND ( "Telemedicine" OR "Telerehabilitation" OR "telehealth" OR "Mobile Health" OR "eHealth " OR "mHealth" ) AND ( "Barrier" OR "obstacles" OR "challenges" OR "Opportunities" ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( OA , "all" ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( LANGUAGE , "English" ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE , "ar" ) OR LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE , "re" ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR , 2021 ) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR , 2020 ) )
Web of Science TS=(("COVID 19" OR "COVID-19 Virus Disease" OR "Coronavirus Disease-19" OR "COVID-19 Pandemic" OR "2019-nCoV Disease" OR "2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease" OR "2019-nCoV Disease") AND TS=("Telemedicine" OR "Telerehabilitation" OR "telehealth" OR "Mobile Health" OR "eHealth " OR "mHealth") AND ("Barrier" OR "obstacles" OR "challenges" OR "Opportunities"))
Refined by: Open Access: (OPEN ACCESS) AND LANGUAGES: (ENGLISH) AND DOCUMENT TYPES: (ARTICLE OR REVIEW) AND PUBLICATION YEARS: (2021 OR 2020)
Timespan: All years. Indexes: SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, BKCI-S, BKCI-SSH, ESCI, CCR-EXPANDED, IC.
Embase ('covid 19':ti,ab,kw OR 'covid-19 virus disease':ti,ab,kw OR 'coronavirus disease-19':ti,ab,kw OR 'covid-19 pandemic':ti,ab,kw OR '2019 novel coronavirus disease':ti,ab,kw OR '2019-ncov disease':ti,ab,kw) AND ('telemedicine':ti,ab,kw OR 'telerehabilitation':ti,ab,kw OR 'telehealth':ti,ab,kw OR 'mobile health':ti,ab,kw OR 'ehealth':ti,ab,kw OR 'mhealth':ti,ab,kw) AND ('barrier':ti,ab,kw OR 'obstacles':ti,ab,kw OR 'challenges':ti,ab,kw OR 'opportunities':ti,ab,kw) AND [english]/lim AND [embase]/lim AND [29-12-2019]/sd NOT [25-11-2021]/sd AND [article]/lim
Fig 1 shows the steps for searching for articles using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Analyzes-Meta (PRISMA) to select articles. As shown in Fig 1, a total of 4,105 related articles were identified based on the title, abstract, and keywords of the research. 1667 articles were deleted as duplicates. After reviewing the inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria and quality evaluation of articles, finally 34 main articles were selected for final review. Inclusion criteria include studies in English focusing on the three main terms of telemedicine, Covid-19 and challenges or opportunities, articles published in reputable scientific journals, access to the full text of articles and studies that, based on title and content, provide a possible answer to the question. They had research. Exclusion criteria included articles published before 12/29/2019, full-text abstracts, the absence of one of the keywords in the title or text of the articles, and studies that did not provide any scientific, theoretical, laboratory, or statistical evidence.
Telemedicine can be effective by minimizing direct exposure to Covid-19 epidemics and rapid access to health care [10, 11]. However, there are obstacles and challenges that hinder the rapid advancement of telemedicine services.
In general, the main challenges of using and developing telemedicine studied in the studies include three categories of human, managerial and technical challenges (Table 2).
Each of Challenges and telemedicine recommendations are as follows:
Human challenges include user age (5, 15%), inadequate training (4, 12%), informed satisfaction (4, 12%), privacy and data security (12, 35%).
Age of users
In 5 cases (15%) of the studies, the effect of users' age on the use of telemedicine was mentioned. Older patients, although accepting health care services, use significantly less telemedicine [3, 4]. Elderly patients are usually less educated and therefore need training on how to connect to telemedicine. However, the most users of telemedicine technologies were relatively young people between the ages of 20 and 44 [9]. Therefore, attracting young family members at the beginning of telemedicine implementation, especially in the case of video conferencing, can be helpful [4]. Education through social media and other inclusive operating systems is also recommended to increase the awareness of the elderly [12]. Recent research shows that an appropriate type of telemedicine technology for the elderly has been effective in health management [13].
Insufficient training
In 4 cases (12%) of the studies, the effective role of education in the use of telemedicine technology was investigated. Although studies have shown that patients tend to use telemedicine, due to its complexity and incompetence, patients lead to resistance in use and reduce their interest in technological changes [14]. The provision of education to health care providers and patients is of particular importance [13]. In addition, achieving this requires that health systems, hospitals, employers and the media work to address this shortage [15]. Therefore, in order to increase people's awareness of the benefits of telemedicine, face-to-face training, training booklets and step-by-step instructions play an essential role in how to implement and understand how telemedicine technology works [11].
In 4 cases (12%) of the studies, the effective role of informed consent in telemedicine services was mentioned. Patient satisfaction is very important in accepting and using telemedicine technologies. Therefore, in order to obtain their consent, they should be informed of the possible risks that may occur during the use and sharing of data during a telemedicine session. On the other hand, the laws regarding consent to the use of telemedicine vary from country to country. Some countries require the need for informed written consent and compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and some countries are content with verbal consent. Therefore, the physician should check the patient's consent according to the laws of his country [16-19].
In 12 cases (35%) of the studied studies, the essential role of privacy and confidentiality in the success of telemedicine was mentioned. Privacy and ensuring the protection of patients' personal data is one of the most important factors of public trust and medical success through is far away [8]. Telemedicine technology services require the collection and use of sensitive medical personal information between physician and patient [20]. Patients will not be inclined to use telemedicine technology if they do not have confidence and understanding of privacy policies. For successful use of telemedicine, privacy issues and policies for accessing patient security data must be addressed.
Management Challenges Human Challenges Technical Challenges
kind Ref kind Ref kind Ref
Existing electronic medical records infrastructure [4] Users' Age [3, 4, 9, 12, 13] Lack of access to IT infrastructure [4, 8, 10, 14, 21, 22]
Licensing conditions [14, 16, 23, 24] Insufficient Training [11, 13-15] Access high quality bandwidth or WiFi [4, 25-28]
Issues related to reimbursements and health insurance [4, 16, 23, 24, 29, 30] Informed Consent [16, 17-19]
Lack of legal framework [15, 16, 27] Privacy and Data Security [4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 23, 27, 31- 34]
Create a team [12, 25]
Selecting a clinical leader [12, 28]
Budget availability [15, 35]
The use of personal data in critical situations, considering the public interest, does not require patient consent and can be flexible [32]. However, telemedicine must address concerns about access protection and privacy and ensure that the benefits of telemedicine outweigh the risks by complying with standards and regulations [5]. The data reviewed in the studies were as follows:
Technical controls such as data encryption, use of authentication device, face-to-face authentication of patients, and application of HIPPA (Transportation and Health Insurance Act) rules compatible with telemedicine technology can be used [31]. In addition, a password can be set for each telemedicine session to be used only for the patient and the physician [33]. Also, to ensure the patient's privacy, telemedicine sessions should be held in a private, privately-owned space [34].
But another concern here was cybersecurity, which, if used online video conferencing, could jeopardize the patient's sensitive information and expose telemedicine to cybercrime [4, 27]. Other issues that put health information at risk include delays in security updates, use of public networks, and insecure connections [10]. In order to prevent the risk of cyber-attack, in addition to HIPPA regulations, encryption of patient sensitive information should be stored in a secure database [16, 23].
Management challenges
Management challenges include failure to regulate the legal framework (3%, 9%), health insurance and repayments (9, 26%), access to sufficient budget (3, 9%), coordination in licensing conditions (4, 12%), selection Is the clinical leader (2, 6%), team building (2, 6%) and access to electronic medical records infrastructure (1, 3%).
Existing electronic medical records infrastructure
In one case (3%) of the studies, the existence of an audio-visual operating system (EHR) or EMR was mentioned as the main element of telemedicine infrastructure. Access to electronic medical record systems or electronic health records is the basic element of telemedicine infrastructure. However, if this portal or similar portal is not available, the use of audio-visual operating systems is necessary for replacement [4].
Licensing conditions
In four cases (12%) of the studies, licensing conditions were mentioned as one of the main barriers to telemedicine. These conditions usually indicate that the physician or service provider must be licensed at the location where they are located [23, 24]. Although it is important to consider this, in emergencies the government should use the necessary coordination to minimize geographical constraints to expedite telemedicine as a way to control the epidemic [14, 16].
Issues related to reimbursements and health insurance
In 9 cases (26%) of the studies, limited repayment and lack of telemedicine insurance were introduced as one of the main barriers to telemedicine admission. Most health insurance companies had limited repayment and no investment in telemedicine. But the advent of the Covid-19 pandemic revolutionized telemedicine rapidly, with US insurance policies supporting geographical restrictions on repayment by expanding their coverage in response to the epidemic [4, 16, 23, 24, 29, 30].
Lack of legal framework
In three cases (9%) of the studied studies, the lack of a complete legal framework in the use of telemedicine was introduced as one of the obstacles to the development of telemedicine [15]. Governments should provide the necessary financial assistance and support to support telemedicine as an effective tool in controlling and reducing the rate of the Covid-19 epidemic by establishing the necessary laws and regulations [16, 27].
In two cases (6%) of the studied studies, it was pointed out that the effective establishment of telemedicine requires the coordinated efforts of a development team of people in different fields in hospitals and health systems [12, 25].
Selecting a clinical leader
In two cases (6%) of the studied studies, it was mentioned that the identification and application of one or more clinical leaders is necessary to facilitate the implementation of telemedicine technology [28]. Clinical leaders liaise with the development team to identify optimal remote care models. Regular communication between the clinical leader and the team increases telemedicine acceptance [12].
Budget availability
In three (9%) of the studies, budgeting and reimbursement was identified as a major barrier to the implementation of telemedicine technology [35]. Providers and patients [36] deploying telemedicine technology is a time-consuming process, and its public organization requires investment support [15].
Technical challenges
Technical challenges include reduced access to IT infrastructure (6, 18%), quality bandwidth (6, 18%). Is as follows:
Lack of access to information technology infrastructure
In six cases (18%) of the studied studies, lack of access to information technology infrastructure was mentioned as one of the telemedicine challenges. The high cost of Internet access, lack of access to information technology infrastructure and lack of technology resources are one of the main problems for acceptance. Telemedicine technology is evolving in some countries [10, 14]. Lack of equal access to telecommunications facilities for the general public is another obstacle to telemedicine admission [8]. However, some studies have shown that most patients already have access to the required hardware, including desktops, laptops, cell phones, and telephones. They are smart or old computers and have partially removed the initial obstacles to the implementation of information technology [4, 21] but technical concerns should still be considered as part of the implementation challenges [22].
Access to quality bandwidth or WiFi
In 6 cases (18%) of the reviewed articles, the effect of quality bandwidth on telemedicine reception was mentioned as one of the components of success. The effectiveness of telemedicine depends on the quality of video, audio and video data as well as integrated data connection [25]. To achieve this, sufficient bandwidth and secure connection are critical [4, 26-28]. In the study of Gillespie et al., It was mentioned that cooperation with telemedicine service providers for the development of safe, accessible bandwidth medical technology will improve technical issues [31].
Other telemedicine challenges and opportunities
Other barriers included lack of performance appraisal or lack of access to an accurate monitoring system and a lack of understanding and reliability of users, leading to a lack of participation and reluctance to use telemedicine effectively [23]. The distance achieved can be referred to the effect on medical education. During the Covid-19 epidemic, the main focus of health and academia systems is on patient care as it replaces clinical education. This negative impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on medical education is quite evident [37] but despite the distance medical systems, medical centers will be able to provide training for trainees in low-risk environments and meet their commitments to continuing trainee education [28].
Telemedicine has emerged as a key technology in facilitating health care delivery and reducing the prevalence of Covid-19 among patients and health care providers [26]. The aim of this study was to investigate the challenges and recommendations for the use and development of telemedicine technology during the Covid-19 epidemic.
Findings of this study: Challenges and recommendations to improve the use and development of telemedicine, respectively, of the greatest impact, including privacy and security, health insurance and reimbursements, inadequate education, age of users, lack of access to information technology infrastructure, access to quality bandwidth Conscious consent, licensing conditions, budget access, team building, lack of legal framework, clinical leader selection, and electronic medical records infrastructure. Although there are many challenges and obstacles in the development and implementation of telemedicine, many of these barriers were addressed; however, due to the Covid-19 emergency situation, efforts are being made to remove these obstacles.
In line with the results of this study, Smith et al. provided a comprehensive guide to how telemedicine integrates rapidly during an epidemic that, by developing a toolkit, provided eight key components to the successful implementation of a telemedicine platform. The results of this study showed that the effective and efficient integration of a telemedicine program requires extensive training of health care providers and patients, accessory platform to facilitate audio and video communication and approval of billing codes contained in this tool [4].
Blandford et al., in their study "Opportunities and Challenges for Remote Health Within and Beyond an Epidemic," concluded that the pressures for adopting remote health solutions to support self-management are largely the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic is on the rise [38].
Also, the results of a study by Mahajan et al. On the use of telemedicine during the Covid-19 epidemic showed that the training of medical professionals, the development of clear guidelines and the existence of good quality Internet service systems increase the acceptance of telemedicine in the Indian population. It has been very helpful [8].
The study by Bokolo et al., Which aimed to investigate the possibilities of telemedicine use as an appropriate initiative to reduce the prevalence of Covid-19 pandemic, showed that social, technological and organizational factors affect telemedicine. Telemedicine also has great capabilities in supporting social distance and quarantine to control the spread of Covid-19 [27].
The limitation of this study was that only studies published in scientific journals were included in this study; therefore, it does not cover articles published in the gray literature.
This study examines the challenges and recommendations of telemedicine as an innovative solution to reduce the epidemic of Covid-19, which can be a beacon for the development and implementation of telemedicine technology. The results of systematic review show that today human and managerial challenges play a more fundamental and important role than technical challenges. In addition, Covid-19 emergencies are effective in addressing telemedicine challenges, and efforts are underway to expand telemedicine more rapidly as a response to managing and controlling the prevalence of Covid-19 epidemics. Reducing the risk of transmitting the virus and protecting patients and health care providers from spreading the infection can help.
All authors contributed to the literature review, design, data collection and analysis, drafting the manuscript, read and approved the final manuscript.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this study.
No financial interests related to the material of this manuscript have been declared.
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Frontiers in Health Informatics (Official Journal of Iranian Association of Medical Informatics) ISSN-Online: 2676-7104
No. 4, Rashid Yasami Av., Vali-e-Asr St., Tehran-Iran; Tel: (+98) 9383621232 email: info@ijmi.ir
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivative works from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.
The theme is developed by: Gostaresh Afzar Hamara


Income taxes are regulated by the Federal and State Government. These taxes are direct correlations of your annual income earnings. As the Federal Government's most important source of revenue, income taxes are vital tax levies that are based on a multitude of financial factors.
To help you manage this complex tax system, we've developed a guide with that will clear up everything you'll need to know about income tax preparation.
What is earned income tax?
Earned income tax (EIC) is a tax credit that benefits working people with low-to-moderate income levels. You can claim for this refundable tax credit by filing for an annual tax return.
To qualify for an earned income tax credit, read the complete details governed by the IRS.
State income taxes are tax portions that are made payable to the state government. These tax rates are determined based off the the amount of income that an individual annual earns.
In the United States, all but seven states levy an income tax in addition to federal expenses. These tax percentages will vary by the state and how much money is earned at your job.
What states have no income tax?
The only states without income tax are Alaska, Florida, Nevada, South Dakota, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming.
Tax season varies by State to state. Most Federal and State Income taxes can be filed starting in January. All tax reports must be filed and submitted to the IRS usually, no later than Mid April.
What is the federal income tax rate?
Is social security income taxed?
In simple terms, social security income is taxable.
According to the Social Security Administration, many people that receive social security must pay federal income taxes (no more than 85%) on their benefits. In Missouri, retirees that are solely supported by social security benefits are eligible for exemption of this tax rate.
Is gross income before or after taxes?
Gross income accounts for the amount of money earned before any taxes are deducted. You'll receive a net income adjustment after all deductions are taken out of your gross earnings.
What is the minimum income to file taxes?
If you are not required to file for a federal tax return, then you do NOT have to file for a Missouri return according to the Missouri Department of Revenue.
If that isn't the case, then you must file a for Missouri return if you have a income less than $1,200 as a Missouri resident or have a Missouri income less than $600 as a nonresident.
Calculating income tax isn't an easy task. This is a comprehensive process that is modified by a variety of variables. To determine your income tax, each taxpayer must subtract all expenses and deductions from their adjusted gross income. These tax rates are multiplied by your tax bracket percentage credit.
Volpe Consulting and Accounting Services will accurately calculate your income tax earnings with ease. Our tax prep systems can help you flourish by alleviating any professional or personal tax and accounting struggle.


text:
**Quickly generate and validate html forms with jQuery, Bootstrap and json.**

This is a simple json form builder that will build and validate your forms for you. It will also handle serializing your data and spit out a nice json object to your submit function. This plugin is meant to be used with Bootstrap.

This plugin is intended for people who spend a lot of time building tedious forms. Copying and pasting from this file is encouraged, as well as saving and reusing json files to build your forms.

- IE 8 supported

## Dependencies ##
----------------------------------------

- [jQuery](http://jquery.com/download/) - minimum version 1.9

- [Bootstrap](http://getbootstrap.com/getting-started/) - minimum version 3.0

## Getting Started ##
----------------------------------------

1. Include js and css file from 'dist' directory

2. Create empty form element with a unique id

3. Call nosForm function, specifying your data and options

## Quick Example ##
----------------------------------------

A simple contact form built with [Bootstrap](http://getbootstrap.com). This form will be sanitized and validated.

#### index.html ####

```html
<form id="myform" class="form">
    <h2>My Form</h2>
</form>
```

#### js file ####

```javascript
$.get('contact-form.json', function (jsonData) {

    $("#myform").nosForm({
        fields: jsonData,
        submit: function (formdata, $form, evt) {
            console.log(formdata); // JSON form data
            console.log($form); // jQuery Form Object
            console.log(evt); // Original submit event
        }
    });

})
```
#### contact-form.json ####

> Note: you don't have to store your config in a json file. You can just write this in your plugin initilization as JavaScript.

```json
[
    {
        "name": "name",
        "id": "nameId",
        "type": "text",
        "label": "Name",
        "required": true,
        "placeholder": "Your Name",
        "minlength": 1,
        "maxlength": 60
    },
    {
        "name": "email",
        "type": "email",
        "label": "Email Address",
        "required": true,
        "placeholder": "Your Email",
        "minlength": 1,
        "maxlength": 100
    },
    {
        "name": "message",
        "type": "textarea",
        "label": "Message",
        "required": true,
        "placeholder": "Your message",
        "minlength": 5,
        "maxlength": 500,
        "rows": 8
    },
    {
        "name": "submitButton", // NEVER NAME THIS 'submit'!!!
        "type": "submit",
        "classname": "btn btn-success",
        "formGroup": true,
        "value": "Submit"
    }
]
```

## Options ##
----------------------------------------

All options with default values

```javascript
$("#myform").nosForm({
    fields: null, // Your json data {},
    ajax: true, // receive data in your submit function and send it with ajax (if false, a classic submit occurs)
    validate: true, // toggle javascript validation
    htmlValidation: false, // toggle html browser validation
    animationSpeed: 100, // change speed of js animations (error message animations)
    honeypot: false, // adds two honeypot fields to filter out bots
    onlySubmitWithValue: false, // if true, will only send form fields that have been filled out (empty fields don't get submitted)
    messages: { // these are the messages that will appear on the bottom of the form when an unsuccessful submit has occurred
        required: 'Please fill out all required fields', // warning about required fields
        invalid: 'Invalid fields' // warning about invalid fields (pattern, minlength, min, max)
    },
    messageLocation: { // places required/invalid error messages on the form
        top: false, // specifies the messages to be displayed on the top
        bottom: true  // specifies the messages to be displayed on the bottom
    },
    submit: function (formdata, form, evt) {
        // your submit function
        // this will pass back the entered form data as a formatted json object, your form as a jQuery Object, and the original submit event
    },
    init: function (form) {
        // fires after form is rendered
        // passes back the form
    }
});
```

### **fields** ###

 Accepts an object with your form element structure. This was originally intended to be imported from a json file (for easy reuse of forms), but you can write the object in your js file as well. This allows you to write your own functions that return the correct values to individual fields.

### **ajax** ###

 Accepts a boolean value. If set to true, your form will send a serialized object to your submit function, where you will be responsible for sending an ajax request with your form data. If set to false, a classic form submit will occur and your submit function will not be necessary. If you set ajax to false and a submit function is still present, you will still receive the form data as usual and you will have to manually submit the form. This can be useful for deleting out fields you don't want to send to the server (e.g.: confirm password fields) or if you need to manually check something before sending the form. **Worth noting:**: never name your submit button 'submit' or your form will not submit properly.

### **validate** ###

 Accepts a boolean value. Toggles the build-in validation on or off. If for some reason you don't need validation, turn this off.

### **htmlValidate** ###

 Accepts a boolean value. Toggles the html5 validation on or off. Basically, this is just adding and removing a 'novalidate' tag from the form.

### **animationSpeed** ###

 Accepts a number value (milliseconds). Controls the speed of the validation messages popping in and out of form fields.

### **honeypot** ###

 Accepts a boolean. Optionally, there are two honeypot text fields rendered on each form (one is empty and one has a preset value). Both are hidden by CSS and JS. If either are modified, the form data will be ignored and the plugin will submit an object instead: **{ honeypot: true }**. You are free to handle this however needed in your submit function.

### **onlySubmitWithValue** ###

 Accepts a boolean. When this field is set to true, only fields that have a value will be sent to your submit function. This essentially will ignore any field that a user has not filled out. This can be useful when you have a lot of optional fields and you don't want to post all of them all the time.

### **messages** ###

 Accepts two properties with string values: 'required' and 'invalid'. These are the two messages that are positioned below each form. On an unsuccessful form submit, the appropriate message will be displayed to the user. If not modified, they will display the default values shown above.

### **messageLocation** ###
 Accepts two properties with boolean values: 'top' and 'bottom'. These settings determine the location of the user error messages to be displayed on an invalid form submit attempt.

### **submit** ###

 Accepts a function that receives the form data passed to it. Passes three arguments: the form data, the form, and the original submit event.

### **init** ###

 Function that will fire as soon as the form renders. Passes the form as it's only argument.

## Events ##
-----

### **nos.submit** ###

Triggered on submit. Callback parameters are the event, followed by an object containing the formdata, form element, and original submit event.

## Structure ##
 -----

## Single Columns ##

These are pretty standard.

```javascript
[
    {
        // form element here
    },
    {
        // form element here
    }
]
```

## Multiple Columns ##

If you would like a form to work with multiple columns, you just have to format your json data a little different.

```javascript
[
    {
       "classname": "col-md-4",
       "column": [
           {
               // form element here
           }
       ]
    },
    {
       "classname": "col-md-4",
       "column": [
           {
               // form element here
           }
       ]
    },
    {
       "classname": "col-md-4",
       "column": [
           {
               // form element here
           }
       ]
    }
]
```

## Nesting Columns ##

Nesting columns can be accomplished by declaring a row where needed.

```javascript
[
    {
        "row": true, // wraps a row class div around this column
        "classname": "col-md-6 col-md-offset-3", // centers this form on the page in a col-6
        "column": [
            {
                "row": true, // adds another row
                "classname": "col-md-12", // nests a col-12 class inside the col-6
                "column": [
                    {
                        // form element here
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "row": true,
                "column": [
                    {
                        "classname": "col-md-6",
                        "column": [
                            {
                                // form element here
                            }
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "classname": "col-md-6",
                        "column": [
                            {
                                // form element here
                            }
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                "row": true,
                "classname": "col-md-12",
                "column": [
                    {
                        // form element here
                    }
                ]
            }
        ]
    }
]
```

This format allows you to create your form elements in blocks. Adding Bootstrap classes makes it easy for you to display your form in a column layout. Add as many columns and nest them as deep as you like.

## Types ##

---

| Name                                  | Description                                                                                |
|---------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| [button](./examples/button.md)        | Standard HTML button element - rendered with button tag, not input.
| [buttonGroup](./examples/buttonGroup.md)| Bootstrap Button Group
| [checkbox](./examples/checkbox.md)   | Standard HTML checkbox input.
| [clone](./examples/clone.md)         | A set of text fields with a button to add/remove fields.
| [color](./examples/color.md)         | Standard HTML color input.
| [date](./examples/date.md)           | Standard HTML date input.
| [datetime-local](./examples/datetime-local.md)| Standard HTML datetime-local input.
| [email](./examples/email.md)         | Standard HTML email input. Email validation is built in, but optional.
| [file](./examples/file.md)           | Standard HTML file input.
| [hidden](./examples/hidden.md)       | Standard HTML hidden input.
| [html](./examples/html.md)           | Enter your own html string.
| [image](./examples/image.md)         | Standard HTML image input.
| [label](./examples/label.md)         | Standard HTML label element.
| [month](./examples/month.md)         | Standard HTML month input.
| [number](./examples/number.md)       | Standard HTML number input.
| [password](./examples/password.md)   | Standard HTML password input.
| [radio](./examples/radio.md)         | Standard HTML radio input.
| [range](./examples/range.md)         | Standard HTML range input.
| [reset](./examples/reset.md)         | Standard HTML reset button element - rendered with button tag, not input. Will automatically reset your form without configuration.
| [search](./examples/search.md)       | Standard HTML search input.
| [select](./examples/select.md)       | Standard HTML select element.
| [state](./examples/state.md)         | Sets all 50 US states in a select element. Also able to add US Territories, Mexican states, and Canadian Provinces.
| [submit](./examples/submit.md)       | Standard HTML submit button element - rendered with button tag, not input.
| [tel](./examples/tel.md)             | Standard HTML tel input. Phone validation is built in, but optional.
| [text](./examples/text.md)           | Standard HTML text input.
| [textarea](./examples/textarea.md)   | Standard HTML textarea element.
| [time](./examples/time.md)           | Standard HTML time input.
| [url](./examples/url.md)             | Standard HTML url input.
| [week](./examples/week.md)           | Standard HTML week input.
| [zip](./examples/zip.md)             | HTML text input with zip code validation built in, but optional.

## Properties ##

---

| Name              | Type          | Description                                                                                |
|-------------------|---------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| accept            | string        | *Used with type 'file'* - specifies accepted file types. See [file](./examples/file.md).
| addon             | string        | *Used with type 'clone'* - specifies an input-group addon. See [Clone](./examples/clone.md).
| alt               | string        | *Used with type 'image'* - specifies alt tag text. See [image](./examples/image.md).
| autocomplete      | string        | Toggles autocomplete for single element. Accepts "on" or "off".
| autofocus         | boolean       | Sets HTML5 autofocus attribute for element (only 1 per page).
| checked           | string/array  | *Used with types 'checkbox, radio'* - specifies pre-checked boxes. See [checkbox](./examples/checkbox.md) and [radio](./examples/checkbox.md).
| classname         | string        | Specifies class names for element. 'form-control' is active by default for text elements.
| cols              | number        | *Used with type 'textarea'* - specifies number of columns. See [textarea](./examples/textarea.md).
| [data](./examples/properties/data.md)| object        | Assigns data- attributes to element. See [data](./examples/properties/data.md).
| defaultSelected   | string        | *Used with type 'state'* - Sets the default selected value. See [state](./examples/state.md).
| disabled          | boolean       | Sets HTML5 disabled attribute on element.
| element           | string        | *Used with type 'html'* - Specifies html string to render. See [html](./examples/html.md).
| formaction        | string        | *Used with type 'submit, image'* - Sets HTML formaction attribute. See [submit](./examples/submit.md).
| formenctype       | string        | *Used with type 'submit'* - Sets HTML formenctype attribute. See [submit](./examples/submit.md).
| formGroup         | boolean       | Wraps element in a Bootstrap form-group div. Default is true.
| formmethod        | string        | *Used with type 'submit'* - Sets HTML formmethod attribute. See [submit](./examples/submit.md).
| formnovalidate    | string        | *Used with type 'submit'* - Sets HTML formnovalidate attribute. See [submit](./examples/submit.md).
| formtarget        | string        | *Used with type 'submit'* - Sets HTML formtarget attribute. See [submit](./examples/submit.md).
| height            | number        | *Used with type 'image'* - specifies element height. See [image](./examples/image.md).
| helpBlock         | string        | Inserts a Bootstrap help block below element.
| id                | string        | Assigns element an id. If no id is present, the name field will also be the id.
| inline            | boolean       | *Used with type 'button, submit, reset, image, checkbox, radio'* - Assigns 'inline-block' css property to element.
| [inputGroup](./examples/properties/inputGroup.md)| object        | Adds a Bootstrap input group to the element. See [inputGroup](./examples/properties/inputGroup.md).
| label             | string        | Adds a label before the element.
| mask              | string        | Adds a masked input to a text element. [Requires external plugin](https://github.com/igorescobar/jQuery-Mask-Plugin).
| match             | string        | *Used with type 'password'* - used to match passwords when you have a 'repeat password' field. See [password](./examples/password.md).
| max               | number        | *Used with types 'number, date, range, datetime-local, month, time, week'* - sets maximum accepted value. See [number](./examples/number.md).
| maxFields         | number        | *Used with type 'clone'* - sets the maximum allowed fields to be dynamically generated. See [clone](./examples/clone.md).
| maxlength         | number        | Sets a maxlength property on the field. This will also be validated in javascript.
| [messages](./examples/properties/messages.md)| object        | Overrides the default validation messages. See [messages](./examples/properties/messages.md).
| min               | number        | *Used with types 'number, date, range, datetime-local, month, time, week'* - sets minimum accepted value. See [number](./examples/number.md).
| minlength         | number        | Sets a minlength property on the field. This will also be validated in javascript.
| multiple          | boolean       | *Used with types 'select, state, file'* - Enable multiple selections. See [select](./examples/select.md), [state](./examples/state.md), and [file](./examples/file.md).
| name              | string        | Gives the element a name. Will also assign the name to the id if no id is specified.
| options           | object/array  | *Used with types 'select, checkbox, radio'* - Sets the options with key-value pairs.
| pattern           | string/regex  | Sets HTML5 pattern attribute (Regex strings are difficult to pass in json format).
| placeholder       | string        | Sets a placeholder in text-based elements.
| readonly          | boolean       | Sets HTML5 readonly attribute.
| required          | boolean       | Sets HTML5 required attribute. These fields are also validated in javascript.
| rows              | number        | *Used with type 'textarea'* - Sets the number of rows. See [textarea](./examples/textarea.md).
| selected          | string        | *Used with types 'select, state'* - Preselects a select value. See [select](./examples/select.md) and [state](./examples/state.md).
| size              | number        | *Used with types 'text, search, tel, url, email, password'* - Sets the input size.
| src               | string        | *Used with type 'image'* - Sets the image source. See [image](./examples/image.md).
| start             | number        | *Used with type 'clone'* - Sets the number of text fields to start with. See [clone](./examples/clone.md).
| step              | number        | *Used with types 'number, range, date, datetime-local, month, time'* - Sets the step attribute.
| submitType        | string        | *Used with type 'checkbox' - Sets the type of value you would like the form to submit for you. See [checkbox](./examples/checkbox.md).
| tabindex          | number        | Sets the tab index (not working with checkboxes, radios yet)
| title             | string        | Sets the HTML title attribute.
| type              | string        | Sets the element type.
| validate          | boolean       | *Used with types 'email, zip, tel'* - Specifies if you would like to validate the form field.
| value             | string        | Sets a value to the field.
| width             | number        | *Used with type 'image'* - specifies element width. See [image](./examples/image.md).
| wrap              | string        | *Used with type 'textarea'* - Sets HTML wrap attribute.

## Validation ##
---

By default, validation will happen when you specify certain properties in your json file. All fields will be checked for values and sanitized. Error messages will be generated, and it will basically take care of itself.

- ***required*** - adds required tag and ensures a value is in place

- ***minlength*** - adds minlength tag and checks with javascript

- ***maxlength*** - adds maxlength tag and double checks it with javascript

- ***pattern*** - will validate input against a regex of your choosing

- ***min*** - adds min tag and checks

- ***max*** - adds max tag and checks

- ***match*** - enter in the id of an element to check against. This will check that these values match (Mostly for password confirmation). You can customize the error message with the 'invalid' message.

### Validation Messages ###

----------------------------------------

By default, there are messages in place that warn the user about missing/invalid fields. They are inside hidden Bootstrap alert divs. If you do not specify a value, they will name each field by whatever value you have on the label. If you don't have a label, they will find a placeholder value.

These messages can be customized for each field, if you need. See the examples below.

There are five specific types of message that can appear for each field:

 - ***required*** - "[field name] is a required field"

    - triggered (on submit) when a required field is left blank

 - ***minlength*** - "[field name] must have a minimum of * characters"

    - triggered (as you type) when a minlength has not been met

 - ***invalid*** - "[field name] must be valid"

    - triggered (as you type) when certain criteria have not been met. (email/zip/phone not valid, regex pattern not matching, passwords not matching, etc.)

 - ***min*** - "[field name] must have a minimum value of *."

    - triggered (as you type) when a minimum has not been met (numbers, dates)

 - ***max*** - "[field name] must have a maximum value of *."

    - triggered (as you type) when a max has been overshot

There are also some default form messages that will display on the bottom of the form if the user tries to submit unsuccessfully. These can be customized in the plugin initilization, as mentioned in the 'Options' section.

## Destroy Method ##

------------------------------------------

NosForm does come with a destroy method:

```javascript
$('#myform').nosForm('destroy')
```

This will empty the form, keeping your actual form tag intact, while removing all options and event listeners.


text:
Islamist, Islamiste, Islamicist
Definition: Islamism, Islamist, Islamiste, Islamicist
The term Islamist was adapted from the French term Islamiste, replacing the term Islamicist that was previously in use in the English language.1 1 Translator's note, Gilles Kepel, The Prophet and Pharaoh.
Islamism is an umbrella term commonly applied to a variety of Islamic movements that are actually quite diverse. Examples of movements commonly grouped under the 'Islamist' heading are Saudi Wahhabism, al-Qaeda, the Muslim Brotherhood, Hizb ut-Tahrir, the Taliban and less militant Muslim groups. Sometimes the term is used so broadly as to include the revolutionary doctrine of the Iranian regime (a radical form of Shi'ism).
The most useful definition of Islamism is encapsulated in the synonym 'Political Islam', which refers to those political movements that treat Islam as their political ideology. Indeed,
This definition differentiates Islamism from secular political groupings such as socialism and from mainstream/traditional Islam, which does not treat the Islamic scriptures as a blueprint for political theory. The term Islamism does not necessarily imply militancy.
Aside from the term's utility as an umbrella term where it is unclear to what theory a particular group or individual subscribes, lumping together very different groups under the heading of Islamism can lead to confusion by implying that Wahhabism, the Taliban and the Salafis of al-Qaeda constitute an ideologically homogeneous wing of Islam. In fact, Wahhabism is a form of neo-Hanbali Islamic Revivalism, the Taliban is a debased form of Hanafism and many radical Salafis actually reject the division of Sunni Islam into madhhabs (such as Hanbalism and Hanafism).
Author Trevor Stanley
Citing this page This is a dynamic reference. Details may be added, deleted or changed without notice. If you intend to cite this page, PWHCE advises making a copy and recording the date of download for your own reference.
Sample citation:
Trevor Stanley, Definition: Islamism, Islamist, Islamiste, Islamicist, Perspectives on World History and Current Events, July 2005. URL: http://www.pwhce.org/islamism.html Downloaded:
See Also Shirk, tawhid, takfiri.
Return to PWHCE Home Page
Return to The Middle East Project
For comments and to contribute material for publication, please e-mail admin@pwhce.org.
Debate the War on Terror at the PWHCE Yahoo! Group
Within PWHCE World Wide Web
^^^ Top ^^^
http://www.pwhce.org/islamism.html
Copyright �2005 Trevor Stanley, PWHCE


text:
Q: C++ glibc detected corrupted double-linked list error C++ I have the following declaration for a 2D dynamic integer linked list in Population.cpp:
sectionProf = new int*[section_count]; //list of professor for each section declaration

It is defined in Population.h as:
int ** sectionProf; //list of professor for each section

It is then filled from a file as such, again in Population.cpp, later on:
sectionProf[section] = new int[professors + 1];
sectionProf[section][0] = professors;
if (professors > 0) {
    for (int x = 1; x < professors + 1; ++x) {
        sectionProf[section][x] = stoi(tokenizedVersion[x + 1]);
    }
}

Then, in the destructor, I destroy it as follows:
if(sectionProf){
    for(int i = 0; i < section_count; ++i){
        delete [] sectionProf[i];
    }
    delete [] sectionProf;
}

However, upon execution, I keep getting the following error:

* glibc detected * ./research_scheduling_backend: corrupted double-linked list: 0x00000000020b78c0 ***

Here is the gdb backtrace (#17 is referring to the 'delete [] sectionProf' line):
#0  __lll_lock_wait_private () at ../nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/lowlevellock.S:93
#1  0x00007ffff7085f61 in _L_lock_10611 () at malloc.c:5249
#2  0x00007ffff7083c87 in __GI___libc_malloc (bytes=140737341265696) at malloc.c:2921
#3  0x00007ffff7de7900 in _dl_map_object_deps (map=0x7ffff7fdd4e0, preloads=<optimized out>, npreloads=<optimized out>, trace_mode=0, open_mode=-2147483648) at dl-deps.c:517
#4  0x00007ffff7ded8a9 in dl_open_worker (a=0x7fffffffbb00) at dl-open.c:262
#5  0x00007ffff7de9176 in _dl_catch_error (objname=0x7fffffffbb48, errstring=0x7fffffffbb50, mallocedp=0x7fffffffbb5f, operate=0x7ffff7ded700 <dl_open_worker>, args=0x7fffffffbb00) at dl-error.c:178
#6  0x00007ffff7ded31a in _dl_open (file=0x7ffff717a858 "libgcc_s.so.1", mode=-2147483647, caller_dlopen=0x7ffff710bea5, nsid=-2, argc=3, argv=<optimized out>, env=0x7fffffffeac8) at dl-open.c:639
#7  0x00007ffff7131bb2 in do_dlopen (ptr=0x7fffffffbd00) at dl-libc.c:89
#8  0x00007ffff7de9176 in _dl_catch_error (objname=0x7fffffffbd30, errstring=0x7fffffffbd20, mallocedp=0x7fffffffbd3f, operate=0x7ffff7131b70 <do_dlopen>, args=0x7fffffffbd00) at dl-error.c:178
#9  0x00007ffff7131c74 in dlerror_run (args=0x7fffffffbd00, operate=0x7ffff7131b70 <do_dlopen>) at dl-libc.c:48
#10 __GI___libc_dlopen_mode (name=<optimized out>, mode=<optimized out>) at dl-libc.c:165
#11 0x00007ffff710bea5 in init () at ../sysdeps/x86_64/../ia64/backtrace.c:53
#12 0x00007ffff6df1400 in pthread_once () at ../nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/pthread_once.S:104
#13 0x00007ffff710bfc4 in __GI___backtrace (array=<optimized out>, size=64) at ../sysdeps/x86_64/../ia64/backtrace.c:104
#14 0x00007ffff707505f in __libc_message (do_abort=2, fmt=0x7ffff717f560 "*** glibc detected *** %s: %s: 0x%s ***\n") at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/libc_fatal.c:180
#15 0x00007ffff707f846 in malloc_printerr (action=3, str=0x7ffff717be4c "corrupted double-linked list", ptr=<optimized out>) at malloc.c:5047
#16 0x00007ffff7080b1b in _int_free (av=0x7ffff73b9720, p=0x627dd0, have_lock=0) at malloc.c:4125
#17 0x0000000000404b7e in Population::~Population (this=0x7fffffffc910, __in_chrg=<optimized out>) at Population.cpp:91
#18 0x0000000000403919 in main (argc=3, argv=0x7fffffffeaa8) at Scheduler.cpp:101

At absolutely no place in the code is the sectionProf array ever modified. It is only used to check values. Can someone please tell me why I might be getting this error? I have looked all over the place about glibc double-linked list errors and I understand that it is because in some way I am corrupting the symbol table(?) somehow...

A: For anyone who lands on this problem, here is what is wrong in my specific problem. I was reading garbage value for section index that were out of range (section_count) when I was generating the array. That is, in the for loop,
sectionProf[section] = new int[professors + 1];
sectionProf[section][0] = professors;
if (professors > 0) {
    for (int x = 1; x < professors + 1; ++x) {
        sectionProf[section][x] = stoi(tokenizedVersion[x + 1]);
    }
}

my value for section was not in the range of 0 and section_count, the index used in the delete loop. Hence why I was causing the corruption of memory.
Lesson: Check for PEBKAC errors generated in input files.


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