text:
African Americans and the Democratic Party
Author:Sue Pennington, Wilde Lake High School, Howard County Public School System
Duration:2 periods
Having aligned themselves with the Republican Party since the days of Abraham Lincoln, many African Americans became Democrats during the Great Depression. This lesson explores why African Americans chose to vote for Franklin Delano Roosevelt, despite the fact that the Democratic Party had traditionally denied them their basic civil rights. Through analysis of a variety of sources, students will discover how the Depression affected African-American workers, and why many black voters changed their politcal affiliation during this period. Students will also learn how Democrats and Republicans of the time responded to the call for civil rights. Roosevelt's dilemma was that in order to retain his position of leadership in the party, he needed the support of the white Southern Democrats, who time and again had denied the vote to African Americans in their states. Although Roosevelt did not reverse the de jure segregation of the time, he did invite several African-American leaders to serve as advisors in his administration. He also ensured that African Americans had access to relief during the worst days of the Depression. Because of his willingness to engage African Americans, Roosevelt helped to win their votes for the Democratic Party for decades to come.
Era 8: The Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945)
Standard 1: The causes of the Great Depression and how it affected American society.
D. Identify the gaps in the available records, marshal contextual knowledge and perspectives of the time and place, and construct a sound historical interpretation.
D. Evaluate alternative courses of action.
E. Formulate a position or course of action on an issue.
Students will identify factors that caused African Americans to shift party loyalty from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party.
Students will review ways in which African Americans benefited from New Deal programs.
Students will analyze primary sources to identify historical perspectives.
Students will make predictions about the expectations of African Americans from the Roosevelt Administration.
In the Presidential election of 1936, African Americans voted overwhelmingly for the Democratic Party, and, in particular, for President Franklin D. Roosevelt. However, at the time their vote was not necessarily seen as a vote for the Democrats, but, rather as a vote in support of Roosevelt himself and the policies of the New Deal. The movement of African-American voters away from the Republican Party was part of a nationwide shift that had arisen in the creation of the so-called Roosevelt Coalition. This national shift would make the Democrats the majority party for the next several decades.
The question of why African Americans shifted their historical allegiance to the Republican Party in the Depression era raises some interesting questions. Was a vote for Roosevelt synonymous with economic recovery in the African-American community? Was there an emotional component to this vote? Were Roosevelt and his administration champions of civil rights?
Since the conclusion of the Civil War in 1865, African Americans had voted primarily with the Republican Party. The Republican Party was the party of Abraham Lincoln, "the Great Emancipator." After Lincoln's assassination, the so-called "Radical Republicans" helped to establish the Freedman's Bureau, passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866, and drafted the Fourteenth Amendment, preventing states from denying rights to U.S. citizens. In 1868, Ulysses S. Grant was elected President with the help of Southern African Americans, who were voting in a presidential election for the first time. During Grant's presidency, the Radical Republicans introduced and ratified the Fifteenth Amendment, which stated that a citizen's (male only) right to vote could not be denied because of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." African Americans, particularly former slaves, became loyal members of the Republican Party.
When Reconstruction ended in 1877, Southern Democrats regained power and began passing and implementing legal restrictions such as the poll tax, literacy tests and "grandfather" clauses, effectively disenfranchising much of the new African-American electorate. In addition, the Southern states passed a series of "Jim Crow" laws, which regulated most areas of private and public life. The end of Reconstruction also marked the end of the limited national political courtship of African-American voters. African Americans were either stripped of their political rights, as in the South, or, as in the North, their numbers were not large enough to affect the outcome of any election.
Increasingly intolerable conditions in the South spurred a movement northward of African Americans during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, known as the Great Migration. However, discrimination was also a fact of life in Northern industrial cities. Covenants limited the housing stock available to black families and labor unions denied membership to African-American workers. Employers frequently hired blacks only as a last resort. In 1896 the Supreme Court legalized segregation in its ruling in Plessy vs. Ferguson, saying that "separate but equal" facilities did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment. Segregation by law (de jure) in the South, and by custom (de facto) in the North, was entrenched in society and law well into the middle of the twentieth century.
While African-American suffrage was secure in the Northern and Western states, and small numbers of African Americans were appointed to local public offices during the tenure of Theodore Roosevelt, on the whole, blacks possessed little political or economic power at the turn of the century. Southerner Woodrow Wilson ran on the Democratic ticket for the presidency in 1912 with promises of action on civil rights issues, winning the endorsement of the fledgling National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). But once in office, Wilson did little to advance the cause of equal protection for African Americans. Some historians have concluded that his administration's policies, in effect, reinforced segregation within the ranks of the federal government. This lack of progress in civil, political and economic rights in the aftermath of World War One led to the loss of the African-American vote for the Democrats in the Election of 1920, as the black electorate returned to the fold of the Republican Party. African Americans during the period increasingly united around the issue of civil rights and anti-lynching legislation, and predominantly-black neighborhoods in major urban centers began to emerge as cohesive voting blocks that could potentially influence the outcome of an election.
The Election of 1928 signaled the first time since Reconstruction that a national political party made an organized effort to woo the African-American vote. Al Smith, the Democratic presidential candidate and the first Catholic nominee for the office from a major party, enlisted the help of James Weldon Johnson, the executive secretary of the NAACP, and Walter White, the assistant secretary, who was on leave from the organization to research a book on the lynching crisis in the United States (Weiss, 9). White especially was determined to stop both parties from taking the African-American vote for granted. While the Smith campaign stated it wanted to show that the Democratic Party had changed, in reality, no outward effort was made to include African Americans or to address racial issues. White and Johnson drafted a statement of support for Smith, but it was never issued. As a result, White withdrew his public support, although he continued to provide behind-the-scenes advice.
Despite the defection of White, a "Smith-for-President Colored League" was formed and campaigned across the country, arguing that African Americans had paid their debt to Lincoln (Weiss, 10). The Republicans, in backing their candidate, Herbert Hoover, countered with reminders of the little that had been done by Democrats in forwarding the cause of African-American rights (Weiss, 10). Although Smith did not receive a large number of votes in African-American districts nationwide, he did receive more than any previous Democratic candidate. In Chicago, for example, the Democratic Party received 11% of the black vote in 1920, 10% in 1924, and 27% in 1928 (Weiss, 10-11).
In the Election of 1932, despite the ravages of the first three years of the Great Depression and the Hoover administration's inability to improve the dire economic situation, African Americans did not overwhelmingly support the Democratic Party. In Chicago, the Democratic Party received only 21% of the African American's vote a decrease from four years earlier (Weiss, 30).
At the time, the Democratic ticket seemed to offer African Americans no viable alternative to Republican candidates. As governor of New York, Franklin Roosevelt did not have a sterling civil rights record. Additionally, the Democratic choice of Texan John Nance Garner for the Vice Presidency was not acceptable to most African Americans, since Texas was known as a Jim Crow state that persisted in denying blacks the vote.
However, the Hoover administration had also done little to earn the loyalty of African Americans. African Americans were disproportionately affected by the Depression, losing jobs at a greater rate than whites. Another issue that had angered African Americans was Hoover's nomination of John J. Parker, who had been outspoken in his comments supporting the disenfranchisement of African Americans during a run for governor of North Carolina, to the United States Supreme Court (Weiss, 17). For the first time, the NAACP found its political voice in successfully lobbying against Parker's nomination.
For most African Americans, the Election of 1932 represented a choice between a candidate who, though disappointing, was from the party of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, and a largely unknown candidate with little proclivity toward the rights of African Americans. Moreover, Roosevelt represented the party that had historically oppressed African Americans through Jim Crow laws and had blocked anti-lynching legislation. Nonetheless, stresses of the time compelled a few well-known African Americans to openly defect to the Democratic Party. Robert L. Vann, editor of the influential black newspaper, the Pittsburgh Courier, openly called for African Americans to "emancipate themselves from blind allegiance to the Republican Party" (Weiss, 16). Yet, despite the lack of assistance from the Republicans, most African Americans chose the devil they knew.
Roosevelt took office in March of 1933. Shortly after his inauguration, the NAACP requested a meeting with the new president to discuss racial concerns. The NAACP representatives were not surprised when their request was denied, but they were determined not to give up. The new administration, subsumed by the problems generated by the Depression, tended to view African Americans under the greater umbrella of "Americans." Since he was trying to help the American people as a whole, Roosevelt reasoned, there was no need to single blacks out as a group. Moreover, the president needed the support of southern Democratic politicians to pass his wide-sweeping legislation.
In the first hundred days, the administration pushed through numerous pieces of legislation. Among this legislation were the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA), the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) that included the Public Works Administration (PWA), and the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA). On the surface, these acts appeared to do nothing to further the cause of civil rights or of African Americans. Each program was administered on the local level and controlled by the local government. While African Americans were the recipients of aid, the Southern states practiced discriminatory distribution procedures, despite federal anti-discrimination regulations. It was not until intervention from the federal government that blacks began to receive a proportionate share of assistance. Another complicating issue was that the list of occupations regulated by the National Recovery Administration (NRA) did not include jobs typically held by African Americans. The New Deal farming programs sent relief directly to landowners, who, more often than not, failed to pass along the assistance to their black tenants or sharecroppers.
Over time, African Americans received assistance from these programs, in part, due to greater intervention from Washington. The New Deal offered a degree and level of support to African Americans that differed markedly from past administrations. While segregation and discrimination was prominent in the local administration of relief programs, this reality ran counter to the administration's official policy. National policy was difficult to enforce at the local level, particularly in the South, leading many African Americans to feel excluded from relief programs. Nonetheless, the administration sought to ensure that the programs were implemented fairly, which, for African Americans, represented a drastic break from the status quo.
In addition to non-discrimination policies, the Roosevelt administration was differed from previous administrations in other significant ways. Both Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt were publicly seen and photographed with African Americans, something prior presidents and administrations permitted only infrequently. Prominent African Americans were often invited guests of the White House. The President and First Lady visited New Deal encampments, giving speeches of support to predominantly black audiences. Further, Roosevelt appointed Harold Ickes the administrator of the PWA. With a history of sensitivity to the cause of civil rights, Ickes, who once headed the Chicago branch of the NAACP, tried to ensure that African Americas received a "square deal" (Weiss, 51). Finally, Roosevelt appointed more African Americans to federal positions than all previous Republican administrations combined. Although the positions were not often high profile or high level, the appointment of African Americans in those positions was important in itself.
Perhaps the most prominent political symbol of the Roosevelt administration's attitude toward African Americans was the existence of the "Black Cabinet." The Black Cabinet was an unofficial group of African Americans on the staff of New Deal agencies. The existence of the group served two important functions. First, it insured that African Americans had jobs in government agencies. And second, the Cabinet represented African Americans working from within the structure of the government (Weiss, 136). Led by Mary McLeod Bethune, the group served in an unofficial capacity as advisor on racial matters to the Roosevelt administration. Working behind the scenes, the Black Cabinet assured that the concerns of African Americans were heard by the administration and helped to effect change in the administration of several New Deal programs.
The Election of 1936 represented a major shift in the allegiance and voting patterns of African American voters. African Americans, however, were not voting merely for the Democratic Party at this time. Their vote was an affirmation of New Deal policies and the Roosevelt administration. Despite a certain level of discrimination and segregation, New Deal policies had positively affected African Americans: Jobs programs such as the National Youth Administration (NYA) employed 25,000; the Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) enlisted 200,000; and the Works Progress Administration (WPA) assisted 1,000,000 Americans (Spencer, 307). This election symbolized the first time since Reconstruction that national political parties actively courted African Americans. Because of their increased population in Northern cities, it was possible for blacks to sway contests in key states such as Illinois, Michigan, and Pennsylvania. Thus the African American vote was important to both the Democrats and the Republicans.
The 1936 campaign began in earnest over the summer with the Republican Convention in Cleveland and the Democratic Convention in Philadelphia. At the start of the conventions, the Republican platform included limited language regarding African Americans; the Democratic platform contained no formal language at all. However, actions were taken at the Democratic convention to enhance the visibility of African Americans in the Party. In ending the two-thirds requirement, the Democratic Party loosened the grip of Southern Democrats on presidential nominations (Weiss, 184). Unlike the Republicans, the Democrats seated African Americans among the press and the delegates (Weiss, 185). African Americans delivered addresses from the podium in Philadelphia, and were among the delegation notifying Vice President Garner of his re-nomination.
This very visibility, however, revealed rifts within the Party. At the convention, Southern white delegates walked out in protest of the African-American speakers and delegates. This fissure within the Party made every potential voter, or group of voters, that much more important if Roosevelt was to win re-election.
Both parties actively sought the African American vote in several ways. Each bought advertisements in the black press. The Democratic Party, it was said, tried to exchange advertising for support (Weiss, 187). Each party created short movie clips extolling the virtues of its platform and candidate. The Republicans enlisted the help of Jesse Owens, the African-American hero of the 1936 Olympics. Each party created a "colored" division to lobby for its candidates. These divisions spread across the nation and were effective in enlisting support from the masses. Perhaps the biggest advantage for the Democratic Party was the support of the Good Neighbor League. Although the Good Neighbor League was an auxiliary of the Democratic Party, it was perceived as being somewhat independent, and used its influence among the clergy and other non-affiliated Roosevelt supporters who did not want to become directly involved with the Democratic Party (Spencer, 308). The Good Neighbor League attracted well-known African Americans and sponsored a huge rally to celebrate the anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation at Madison Square Garden. The culminating event of the rally was the display of three figures: Jesus, Lincoln, and Roosevelt, the so-called "three emancipators of the black race" (Spencer, 311).
When the election results were tallied, Roosevelt and the Democrats had won about three-fourths of the African American vote (Schlesinger, 2848). In Chicago, the figure was 49%, an increase of over 100% since the Election of 1932. Why did African Americans vote so heavily Democratic? One reason was the New Deal and its economic policies. The average African American citizen of the time had low expectations for the passage of substantial civil rights legislation, and most people based their decisions on their economic situation (Weiss, 209-210). New Deal programs, although often discriminatory, did help African Americans gain employment and provided visible, tangible relief. African Americans, then, did not see themselves as voting for the traditional, racist Southern Democratic Party. They were voting for the party of the New Deal and the man who had created its programs.
On an emotional level, there were a variety of reasons African Americans voted for the Democrats. The Roosevelt administration had appointed more African Americans than prior administrations, and individuals within the administration, such as Harold Ickes and Eleanor Roosevelt, genuinely wanted to help the situation of African Americans. Even the President, without creating official policy, created a climate of fair treatment and was willing to be seen in public with African-American officials. In short, African Americans voted to re-elect President Roosevelt because of their perception that they were counted among the "forgotten people," and that the New Deal represented a "token of hope" (Weiss, 211).
Kennedy, David M., Freedom From Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929-1945. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Freedom From Fear is a detailed synthesis of the political, social, economic, and diplomatic climate of the United States from the decline of the economy and the beginning of the Great Depression to the conclusion and aftermath of World War II.
Weiss, Nancy J., Farewell to the Party of Lincoln. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983.
Farewell to the Party of Lincoln is the study of the transformation of the role of African Americans from loyal members of the Republican Party to loyal members of the Democratic Party. Weiss attempts to analyze the individuals, groups and outside influences that affected the voting patterns of African Americans in the wake of the Great Depression.
Jeffries, John W., Katherine Liapis Segrue, and Gary B. Nash, eds. Encyclopedia of American History: The Great Depression and World War II 1929-1945. Volume VIII. Facts on File, Inc., 2003.
Encyclopedia of American History is one volume in a series outlining the history of the United States. This secondary source is extremely helpful in providing background information and further resources for research. Each article was written by a historian who specializes in that particularly field of history and covers topics in all areas, arranged in an A to Z format.
Schlesinger, Arthur M., Fred L. Israel, and William P. Hansen, eds., History of American Presidential Elections: 1789-1968. Volume VII (1928-1940). Chelsea House Publishers, 1985.
This text is a comprehensive examination of presidential elections in United States History. Each selection covers the races from entry of the candidates to conventions to campaigns and analyzes the results. There is also an Appendix following each entry, which provides the text of speeches and editorials concerning the election.
Sears, James M., "Black Americans and the New Deal," The History Teacher. Volume 10. Number 1 (November 1976): 89-105.
This article examines the effects of the Great Depression on minorities and the extent to which New Deal programs affected African Americans.
Spencer, Thomas T., "The Good Neighbor League Colored Committee and the 1936 Democratic Presidential Campaign." Journal of Negro History. Volume 63. Number 4 (October 1978): 307-316.
This article examines the Good Neighbor League Colored Committee and their efforts to organize support for the Democratic Party in the 1936 Presidential Election Campaign. The article analyzes the historical effects of African American involvement and the reluctance of African Americans to become involved in a partisan committee.
Realignment: Any election which represents a bold departure from previous patterns of voting. Most specifically, it refers to any one of several United States presidential elections in which geographic bases of power for each of the two parties were significantly altered, resulting in a new political power structure and status quo.
Coalition: An alliance between entities, during which they cooperate in joint action, each in their own self-interest. This alliance may be temporary, or a matter of convenience.
Segregation: A term usually used for the separation of people by race, either by law or custom. Laws enforcing segregation of blacks from whites became common in the South in the decades after the Civil War.
Discrimination: An intentional or unintentional act which adversely affects employment opportunities because of race, color, religion, sex, handicap, marital status, or national origin.
Project the following question and ask students to respond:
Why are habits difficult to break? Solicit student responses to the question and list them on the overhead or chalkboard.
Extend students' thinking by asking:
What role does fear play when someone considers breaking a habit?
Does having a habit make people feel safe and secure?
What factors might motivate someone to break a habit?
Focus students' responses on someone pointing out the problems that stem from the habit or a personal desire to change, or being forced to stop the habit. Reinforce the political implications of a group of people habitually voting for one particular political party by consulting the Content Narrative and discuss the relationship between African Americans and the Republican Party between 1865-1932. Focus the discussion on why the "habit" of voting consistently for the Republican Party developed. Students should list the reasons in Part I of Resource Sheet #1, "African Americans and the New Deal: Democrats or Republicans, How Will They Vote?" Conclude this discussion by asking students to make a prediction:
In the 1936 presidential election, will African Americans vote for the Republican Candidate Alf Landon or incumbent President Franklin D. Roosevelt? Have students' record their prediction in Part II of Resource Sheet #1.
Divide students into five cooperative groups. Provide each group with a copy of either Resource Sheet #2, "Negroes At The Crossroads," Resource Sheet #3, "What Are You Voting on Mister, Campaign Issues or Party Labels?," Resource Sheet #4, "Text of President Roosevelt's Howard University Address," Resource Sheet #5, " "Voters' Swing to New Deal A Political Revolution," or Resource Sheet #6, "Kelly Miller Compares Landon with Roosevelt." Instruct the groups to read their source and list the reasons to vote for the Democrats, and the reasons to vote for the Republicans in Part III of Resource Sheet #1.
Conduct a jigsawing activity by regrouping students so each group contains at least one member representing each Resource Sheet. Have students share their findings and fill out the chart in Part III of Resource Sheet #1 completely.
Ask students to raise their hand if their initial prediction about African American voting preferences in the 1936 presidential election were true or false. For students who predict that African Americans would vote for the Republican Party ask:
Why did you feel this would happen?
What factors seemed to impede the Republican Party's ability to attract African American voters? Answers should include a discussion of Roosevelt's personality, Anti-discrimination policies, upheld by the Democratic Party in the South, the Republican Party's neglecting to address civil rights issues, Eleanor Roosevelt, relief agencies.
For students who predict that African Americans would vote for the Democratic Party ask:
What factors seemed to assist the Democratic Party's ability to attract African American voters? Answers should include a discussion of Roosevelt's personality, Anti-discrimination policies, upheld by the Democratic Party in the South, the Republican Party's neglecting to address civil rights issues, Eleanor Roosevelt, relief agencies.
What were African Americans expecting from the Roosevelt administration in exchange for their support?
How might this change in the voting patterns of African Americans impact the Democratic Party's political power? Answers should include a discussion of the control Democrats exerted over the presidency between 1932 and 1968 and the Congress until 1994, as well as the strange bedfellows that Southern Democrats and African Americans made within the same party.
Assess students' understanding of the realignment of African American voters by having them revisit their prediction made in Part II of Resource Sheet #1 and assessing its accuracy in Part IV of Resource Sheet #1.
RS #1 African Americans and the New Deal
RS #2 Negroes At The Crossroads
RS #3 What Are You Voting on Mister, Campaign Issues or Party Labels
RS #4 Howard University Address
RS #5 New Deal A Political Revolution
RS #6 Kelly Miller Compares Landon with Roosevelt
Election of 1936 Articles from the Baltimore Afro American
"Text of President Roosevelt's Howard University Address." Afro American (Baltimore). 31 October 1936, p. 7.
W.P. Hayes, "Negroes At the Crossroads." Afro American (Baltimore). 3 October 1936, p. 6.
Matthews, Ralph. " What Are You Voting on Mister, Campaign Issues or Party Labels?" Afro American (Baltimore). 17 October 1936, p. 9.
Easterling, Louis. "Voters' Swing to New Deal: A Political Revolution" Afro American (Baltimore). 12 September 1936, p. 7.
Miller, Kelly. "Kelly Miller Compares Landon with Roosevelt" Afro American (Baltimore). 9 September 1936, p. 6.
These were found in the holdings of the Enoch Pratt Free Library at Franklin and Cathedral Streets, Baltimore, Maryland. These sources are available on microfilm and represent the opinions, attitudes, and perceptions of the African American community in Baltimore.


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A milkmaid flower, the first wildflower of the year.
Tuesday was mostly clear so I put off house cleaning and took a walk. Along the road I saw a few pale lavender colored Milkmaid flowers (Cardamine californica). They are the first wildflower I see every year. Aside from having to extricate myself from quicksand up to my knees, I had a good time taking photos of some bugs in a pond left by receding waters of the Van Duzen River. One tiny, speckled insect swam to where I could barely reach extending my body as far as I could before I blindly clicked the photo. I thought it was a small diving beetle.
In the fine silt mud surrounding the puddle were hundreds of strange little tracks. As I gazed into the water, a stick seemed to lurch its way toward the shore. It was making the exact same track. So I inspected and found the "stick" was really a collection of redwood needles and other detritus enveloping a large caddisfly larva. A mystery solved!
I saw none of the little variegated meadowhawk dragonflies (Sympetrum corruptum) I have reported to Odonata Central through the last three winters. Although one of the most common dragonflies in North America, their behavior of overwintering here is unprecedented, allowing me to be the last person in California to report a dragonfly sighting every year, as well as the first the following year.
Wednesday was even nicer, with warm breezes and mostly sunny skies. So once again I put off work and went for my walk. This time I saw and photographed four or five of the little dragonflies, and managed to get shots of dragonfly larvae in the water of the pond I had seen the day before. An online friend identified it as an entirely different species from the adults I had seen.
The creeping water bug, a voracious, ¼-inch long baby predator that can grow to over an inch.
When I downloaded the photos from the first day, I immediately recognized the insect I had captured in the camera was no beetle, but a member of the order Hemiptera, true bugs. That it was immature was evident, and I thought it resembled a giant water bug, one of my "unicorn species." (Ones known to exist, but never seen when I have a camera.) I was not 100 percent on the identification, so I posted it online asking if it was what I suspected. I was delighted when one of my Facebook friends corrected my identification. Like the related giant water bug, this creeping water bug (family Naucoridae) grabs its prey with ice-tong front legs and drives a beak into it, injecting a digestive venom. This is an entire family of insects I never knew existed.
I have probably taken the same walk over 300 times, and every single time I see something interesting or new.


Plastic and Aesthetic Research (PAR), an open-access peer-reviewed online publication, is a partner journal of the Italian Federation of Aesthetic Medicine (FIME).
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The journal publishes the following types of articles: Original Article, Review Article, Case Report, Editorial, Commentary, Research Highlight, Selected Photo/Photo-Archive, and others. Manuscripts with videos are welcome.
All articles published by PAR are made freely and permanently accessible online immediately from the date of publication. For further information, please refer to Open Access. Articles had been published under Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported till October 2017, whereas the Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) was further adopted afterwards. The CC BY allows for maximum dissemination and re-use of open access materials and is preferred by many research funding bodies. Under this license users are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit) and remix (adapt) the contribution for any purposes, even commercially, provided that the users appropriately acknowledge the original authors and the source.
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text:
ISR summer internship program celebrates 10th anniversary
ANN ARBOR, Mich.—An internship program that provides students with hands-on experience designing, conducting, and analyzing surveys is celebrating its 10th anniversary July 31 with a symposium showcasing the research of current interns and a dinner for alumni and friends.
The program, sponsored by the Survey Research Center at the U-M Institute for Social Research (ISR), was established in 2003 to build relationships with promising scholars and promote diversity. More than 50 students from around the nation have participated in the last decade, working with ISR researcher faculty in a variety of academic disciplines. The experience has kick-started scores of careers and kicked off a number of long-lasting friendships and professional collaborations between interns and faculty mentors.
"Many of our former interns are doing fantastic things – teaching, attending top-tier grad schools, and helping to conduct surveys and other social science research around the world," says George Myers, manager of diversity initiatives at the ISR Survey Research Center, and director of the internship program since its inception.
"I love working with interns from this program in the summers," says Kira Birditt, a research assistant professor in the ISR Life Course Development Program, who has served as a mentor since the program began. "Because the interns work full-time, we have the chance to work on in-depth projects, and we get a lot done." Over the years, interns from the program have worked on coding and analyzing survey data, helped with grant-writing, and even co-authored papers with Birditt.
Summer intern Monique Kelly who plans to attend the University of California, Irvine, in the fall, to obtain an M.A. degree in the Social Sciences with a concentration in demographics and social analysis, has been working with ISR research professor Fred Conrad, who heads the Michigan Program in Survey Methodology. She has been helping to analyze data from Conrad's iPhone study. The preliminary findings, presented this spring at the American Association for Public Opinion Research, received international media coverage.
SRC Director Bill Axinn (Photo by Diane Swanbrow)
"This internship was a great experience for me," says Lisa Marchiondo, who completed a Ph.D. in psychology at U-M this year and will be starting a position as assistant professor of psychology at Wayne State University later this summer. Last summer Marchiondo worked with Gwenith Fisher, an associate research scientist at ISR, merging the ISR Health and Retirement Study with a large national database of occupational information. Now Marchiondo and Fisher are continuing their collaboration, analyzing the rich dataset. "Working with Gwen gave me valuable additional skills, and her support as a mentor was really important as I moved into the job market," says Marchiondo, who won the 2011-2012 Robert Kahn Fellowship for the Scientific Study of Social Issues for her research on rudeness in the workplace.
The symposium, which will be held July 31 at noon in ISR-Thompson Room 6050, is free and open to the public.
For more information about the ISR Survey Research Center Summer Internship program, including details about how to apply, visit the program website.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This one sin of coveting kept an entire nation from having victory in battle (v.21). Achan confessed that he seen the spoil, coveted it, then took it. They went into battle relying on the number of men they sent, instead of relying on God. Since Achan sinned privately it cost the lives of thirty-six men, the nation Israel could not stand before their enemies' victorious, and Achan and his entire family was stoned to death.
It is easily seen how the progress of sin begins with the eyes. Like Achan, as he began to look around at the silver and gold that was not his. He began to covet and want it. Once desire and lust set in his heart, he acted on his own evil desires. Believers must be careful what they allow their eyes to see. The progress of sin begins with the eyes. If the believer continues to look at something with the desire to have it, this simple look could turn to a harmful sin that will affect him and/or her and their loved ones.


Over the past week, you have most likely seen or heard someone talk about the twins being a "mystery team" for either Harper or Machado. Sorry to break it to you, but it's probably not happening. The first time anything like this was reported was on January 17th by ESPN's Buster Olney. He listed some real mystery teams like the Astros or the Giants and yes, the Twins were mentioned in the article, but only because we have the money to sign either one. There was no saying that the Twins could actually be in, just that if they wanted to they could be because of their payroll.
Derek Falvey actually said "don't believe everything you read in the internet" when he was asked about the truth to the rumors. It has also been reported that the Twins may already be done adding players for the 2019 season. The front office has been focused on building from within since they arrived (Falvey & Levine) so adding a 10 year $300 million contract certainly isn't in their best interests right now. Levine also said he thinks the core of their team is now set into place, basically saying they are done adding.
Do the twins still have a few holes that can be filled? Absolutely. The reliever market is heating up this week and a player many Twins fans wanted was Brad Brach who just signed with the Cubs for $3.5 million. It also looks as if Kepler is solidified into the starting role with AJ Pollock getting five years with the Dodgers. I would love to see the twins get one more reliever and even another starter, but it seems unlikely unless a deal falls into their lap like last year (Lance Lynn).
Will the casual fan base be content with how the offseason has played out so far? Of course not, and they certainly don't have to be. Even a lot of the professional Twins writers I follow are extremely let done by how the twins utilized their money. I mean entering today with a payroll barely scratching $100 million which is $30 million below last years the fans shouldn't be too happy. To put it into perspective, that $30 million is about what Harper and Machado want per year so we could definitely fit them in, especially because they will probably only get around $23 million. The front office just wants to see what this current Twins core can do. I can see where they are coming from, but after nearly a decade of disappointing baseball in Minnesota and an AL Central up for grabs the Twins should be doing whatever they can.
Although it is very frustrating at times, the offseason is not over yet and there are still a few quality bullpen arms as well as a good starting pitcher named Dallas Keuchel waiting for deals. (don't get your hopes up, sorry.) Of course I have no idea what Falvey plans to do for this season but I hope he is able to pull off at least one more good signing.
Thank you for reading my article helping to clarify the rumors surrounding Bryce Harper to the Twins. If you enjoyed please leave a like and share with your friends. If you disagree or have any questions please leave a comment or ask me on Twitter (@EverydayTwins).


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Q: Differentiability of a multidimensional integral Let $u:\mathbb R^n\to\mathbb R$ be only continuous and let $\Omega\subseteq\mathbb R^n$ be a bounded open set and for $r>0$ fixed, and define $f:\mathbb R^n\to\mathbb R$ via $$f(x) := \int_{B(x,r)}u(y)~dy$$ wherever it makes sense ($B(x,r)\subset\Omega$). Is $f$ differentiable?
Notation: $B(x,r)$ is the ball centered at $x$ with radius $r$.
We were investigating an alternative proof for the fact that the mean value property (in the context of harmonic functions) implies smoothness of a function (the standard one using mollifiers). If $u$ is at least once differentiable, then we can differentiate under the integral to see that $f$ is smooth, but if $u$ is only continuous, can we say that $f$ is differentiable or can we find a counterexample?
I've seen this:
Differentiability of multivariable functions represented through integral but I only want to integrate over a ball, not $\mathbb R^n$.
We can try something like
\begin{align*}
\lim_{h\to0}\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{\vert h\vert} = \lim_{h\to0}\frac{\int_{B(x,r)}u(y+h)-u(y)~dy}{\vert h\vert}
\end{align*}
and then we would see that we need to make $u(y+h)-u(y)$ go to $0$ about as fast as $\vert h\vert$, but it's not clear how to control this, so it seems like it shouldn't be true, but I haven't been able to come up with a counterexample yet.

A: A start: Let's take $R=1,$ $n=2,$ and let's concentrate on a derivative at $(0,0).$ Let's also assume $u$ is $C^1$ to begin with.  Then
$$\tag 1 \frac{f((0,t)-f(0,0)}{t}=\frac{1}{t}\left (\int_{B((0,t),1)} u\,dA - \int_{B((0,0),1)} u\,dA\right )$$ $$ = \int_{B((0,0),1)} \frac{u((x,y)+(0,t)) - u(x,y)}{t}\,dA.$$
As $t\to 0,$ the last integrand converges nicely to $\partial u/\partial y(x,y).$ So the limit of $(1)$ equals
$$\tag 2 \int_{B((0,0),1)} \partial u/ \partial y\,dA.$$
If we integrate using Fubini and use the FTC, we see that $(2)$ equals
$$\tag 3\int_{-1}^1 (u(x,(1-x^2)^{1/2}) - u(x,-(1-x^2)^{1/2})\, dx.$$
Now if $u$ is merely continuous, $(3)$ makes sense even if $(1),(2)$ don't.
So there's my guess for $ \partial f \partial y(0,0)$ in this situation. That leads to a guess for what $Df(0,0)$ should be. As for dealing with mere continuity alone, I think you could just bang it out with some estimates. Or perhaps approximate $u$ with $v\in C^1$ uniformly and proceed that way.

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Amazon penalized USD 1.3 Bn in Italy for anti-competitive practice
Category: #headlines By Nikita Chaurasia Date: 2021-12-13
Italy's competition authority, Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato (AGCM), recently fined Amazon about USD 1.3 billion for allegedly exploiting its dominant position by pressuring third-party sellers to utilize the company's logistics service, Fulfillment by Amazon (FBA).
The regulator claims that third-party merchants who use FBA or their logistics have not been receiving the same treatment as the other customers.
Merchants using FBA are eligible to join the retailer's paid loyalty program, Amazon Prime, which offers delivery of products to customers free of cost.
In addition to Amazon's inventory, third-party sellers' products that arrive at Amazon's warehouses via FBA acquire the Prime label. As a result, merchants that use FBA have a better chance of participating and generating sales in Amazon's events like Prime Day, Black Friday, and Cyber Monday.
Moreover, on Amazon's website, the company chooses a seller for the buy box automatically, while on a desktop, the buy box sits on the right side below which other sellers are listed.
As per the authority, the visibility of other merchants selling the same product presents a greater possibility to merchants who use FBA of being listed in the buy box.
Italy has now requested Amazon to develop a new set of fair regulations for all third-party sellers, irrespective of whether they use FBA or not. Moreover, it demands behavioral changes that will be reviewed by the monitoring trustee.
Whereas, Amazon has opposed the Italian Competition Authority's proposed fine and remedies and intends to appeal. The company added that it has been contributing continuously to the growth of 18,000 Italian SMBs that sell on Amazon, providing a variety of tools, including merchants to use their logistics.
Amazon has greatly bridged the gap between retailers and consumers. However, it is arguable that third-party sellers are increasingly contributing to Amazon's revenue, demonstrating that FBA is a vicious cycle with third-party sellers serving as a captive audience.
Source Credits –
https://techcrunch.com/2021/12/09/italy-fines-amazon-1-3-billion-for-abusing-its-market-position/
Nikita Chaurasia
Having always been daft at wordplay, Nikita Chaurasia, post the completion of post-graduation, commenced her journey into the content generation cosmos. Endowed with a professional MBA degree in Advertising and Public Relations, Nikita strives to integrate her creativ...
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U.S. airline CEOs forewarn against potential effects of 5G on planes
By Nikita Chaurasia
The chief executive officers of major U.S. cargo and passenger carriers warned of a possibly 'catastrophic' disruption in the aviation industry that might begin once Verizon and AT&T deploy their new 5G service. The airlines said tha...
U.K. govt to cut BBC funding, caps viewer fees over inflation concerns
The British government is reportedly planning to curtail funding for the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), by putting a cap on the fees paid by viewers to watch the broadcasting channel for two years. According to reports, the inflation rate i...
Gmail becomes Google's fourth app to exceed 10 billion installations
The Google Play Services app, Google Maps, and YouTube are the other Google apps to achieve this milestone. Gmail was introduced back in 2004 and has since been integrated with various new features. Sources with relevant information stated that...


Cuteness Not Required | Kid Reporters' Notebook | Scholastic Inc.
Annika talks with Simon Watt, founder of the Ugly Animal Preservation Society, via Skype.
Don't worry, ugly animals. Simon Watt is here to help. The biologist and author of The Ugly Animals: We Can't All Be Pandas, founded the Ugly Animal Preservation Society in 2012. The event allows comedians to stand up for animals that are endangered but not necessarily cute.
Watt needed to find a way to tell others about these important creatures and why saving them matters. "Comedy with a light touch was a good way of doing it," he said.
The purple pig-nosed frog only comes out from underground three weeks a year. That poses a challenge for scientists who want to study the species.
Watt and other members of the society visit schools, museums, and festivals to teach people of all ages about the wonders of nature's most peculiar-looking creatures. Watt believes that kids can help endangered animals in many ways. "For instance, where I live," he said, "we have a lot of endangered bats. So if you want a little project, you could do things like build a bat box." He added that reusing and recycling everyday objects are also important ways to protect the environment.
When it first began, the Ugly Animal Preservation Society created an online poll to allow people to vote for the "World's Ugliest Animal." Scientists and comedians made videos showing why voters should choose such animals as the proboscis monkey, the European eel, or the pig-nosed turtle. The blobfish, a deep-sea creature, got the most votes and was named the society's mascot.
Top photo courtesy of the author; bottom photo by Unnikrishnan Nair P.K.


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1603 Neva eller 1926 VH är en asteroid i huvudbältet, som upptäcktes 4 november 1926 av den ryske astronomen Grigorij N. Neujmin vid Simeizobservatoriet på Krim. Den har fått sitt namn efter floden Neva i Ryssland.

Asteroiden har en diameter på ungefär 39 kilometer.

Referenser

Huvudbältesasteroider
Småplaneter namngivna efter vattendrag
Astronomiska upptäckter av GN Neujmin
Astronomiska upptäckter 1926

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Jeff Rowe is a contributing writer for Healthcare IT News and editor of HIMSS Future Care. He previously served as Editor of EHRWatch, a tech blog focused on all aspects of electronic health records.
Pop health reality check: What have health orgs actually done?
Here's a pain point that shouldn't surprise: Physicians lacking big data and analytics training.
For any health IT department, these days, change may be the only thing you can count on from one day to the next. But according to Susan Pellecchia, director of information services at the Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital in Hamilton, N.J., the trick is to take it all one step at a time.
How much will retail clinics change care delivery?
Giant retailers are moving into healthcare in bigger and bigger ways. And they're making traditional providers at least a little wary.
Will EHR data stand up in court?
Given that the data within electronic health records is used to determine payments and to represent events in a notoriously litigious atmosphere, lawyers suggest that doctors may cast things in the best light, thereby potentially undermining the record's reliability.
"Freshness" is a word you often hear in the food business. But given the amount of change underway in healthcare, and given how pressure can take a toll on staff members, you could say it's a concern for health IT managers, too.
When it's hard to get good people, you work hard to keep the ones you've got. That's one way of summing up the philosophy of the IT department at the Bridgton, N.J.-based Inspira Health Network.
How quickly can an IT department go from 0 to 60? That's not a question one often encounters in healthcare, but it comes readily to mind after you've heard about Kootenai Health in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho.


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Owner-drivers in the majority for 2018	For its fifth season, the GC32 Racing Tour will feature seven teams from six nations and four continents...
Owner-drivers in the majority for 2018
By on 24 Apr. 2018
For its fifth season, the GC32 Racing Tour will feature seven teams from six nations and four continents fighting it out in their ultra-high performance one design foiling catamarans.
All of the most successful GC32 teams are returning. This includes Realteam, winner of the 2017 GC32 Racing Tour. Back for its third season, the Swiss crew has two replacements for 2018 with the experienced Benjamin Amiot and Arthur Cevey joining from Team ENGIE and Team Tilt respectively.
Returning too is the 2016 winner, NORAUTO powered by Team France, skippered by multihull legend, Volvo Ocean Race winner and America's Cup skipper Franck Cammas. Cammas still has his sights set on the next America's Cup in 2021 and will be using the Tour to remain race fit: "The GC32 Racing Tour is a good circuit for sailors and for training because the format of the races are always the same and the courses are long enough to race properly."
For 2018 the majority of teams have owner-drivers. They are congregating on southern Europe from the four corners of the globe for the GC32 Racing Tour to experience full-blown, flying catamaran racing, as featured in the last two America's Cups, but aboard more cost-contained one designs.
Leading the charge is likely to be Argo of American two time Melges 32 World Champion Jason Carroll. Argo won the GC32 Racing Tour owner-driver prize in 2016 and in 2017 was runner-up on both the overall and owner-driver leaderboards, winning the GC32 Villasimius Cup outright.
"After three seasons the GC32 Racing Tour is now part of our team's DNA," says Carroll. "The high level of racing, coupled with the flawlessly run events make it an easy decision to come to Europe every summer." Argo's sailing team remains the same, but with former Oracle Team USA coach Philippe Presti joining them. "Our time together will be one of our strengths this coming season," summarises Carroll.
Simon Hull and Frank Racing are coming all the way from New Zealand. Although new to the circuit, Hull has campaigned his GC32 down under for two seasons. On board will be a Kiwi powerhouse crew, with Youth America's Cup and GC32 experience.
From Australia is GC32 Int Class Association President Simon Delzoppo and his .film Racing, back for their second season. Tactician on board this season will be French former America's Cup skipper Sébastien Col, who is joined by other European GC32 veterans and leading Australian foiling A-Class catamaran sailor Stephen Brayshaw.
Also returning this year is Zoulou, Erik Maris and his crew of seasoned multihull veterans, many from the French America's Cup challenger. Zoulou ended the 2017 season on a high, winning the last event.
Back too is Código Rojo Racing all the way from Argentina. Having joined the GC32 Racing Tour in 2017, Federico Ferioli's team has been practicing aboard their flying catamaran over the southern hemisphere summer. "We are excited because we have been training in Uruguay for a month or so and we have made huge improvements," said Ferioli. "We have still a long way to go, but are much improved and better prepared. Last year we were testing the waters and getting the crew together and there was a lot we were unfamiliar with." Most of the Código Rojo Racing crew remain the same, including Uruguayan GC32 veteran Diego Stefani.
The philosophy of the GC32 Racing Tour remains the same, aiming to provide the best foiling experience for competitors, visiting some of the best venues to achieve this. British PRO Stuart Childerley will be setting windward-leeward courses with either upwind or reaching starts, depending upon conditions.
For the list of teams – visit our TEAMS page
GC32 Racing Tour resumes in 2021 with new French venue
GC32 Racing Tour focusses on Riva del Garda
GC32 Racing Tour makes the most of 2020
GC32 Oman Cup cancelled due to coronavirus
Top teams return for 2020 GC32 Racing Tour
GC32 Racing Tour
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Our favourite takeaway. Always good, pizzas are amazing, burgers are amazing and the chips with cheese are a must have! :-) canâ??t fault it!


text:
Wild City - India's essential online music guide
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In Conversation With: Pippin
Not a lot of people outside Delhi know the name behind producer Pippin (Pip), despite his debut EP '1010' creating ripples within the scene after it released early last year. Pippin is Jatin Puri, for those curious.
'1010' was certainly amongst the better debuts of 2014. Influenced heavily by instrumental hip-hop and dubstep (the 'post' prefix was an intentional exclusion), '1010' was an intensely introspective, fluid and melodic slow burner that saw the artist experiment with production in ways his fans hadn't heard before. We thought we had Pippin's sound pegged down well and good (assuming that his future work would be an extension of the aesthetics in '1010') but were forced to erase that idea earlier this year, with the release of his latest single - 'Sea Of Gold'. Succinctly, it sounds nothing like '1010'. Its sounds fall in a different group of categories altogether with pop influenced beats, dreamy synths and heavy percussion.
More than anything else, the 4 minute song is much more accessible than anything on '1010' without 'selling out' or adopting formulaic mainstream mantras. The crowds in Delhi have had a hugely positive response to the few times Pippin's played his new tunes live, so it looks like a step in the right direction.
We got in touch with the evolving artist just before he left for a 3 month stint in New Zealand to talk about his inspiration, views on the music scene in India and of course, his radical departure from '1010'.
"It is quite different but it's not a jump from one sound to another, it's more like moving forward - an evolution. '1010' didn't have any of my vocals and I wanted to change my sound from what it was before." Jatin went on to tell us that while '1010' helped for a kind of basis for his sound now, it wasn't until he added his own voice that he truly felt like he had expressed himself creatively. "I knew I had to include my writing and vocals in my music again after I wrote that EP. It puts a bit of "me" in my songs and I think it is important to open your soul a little when you create something."
We're huge fans of incorporating instrumentation with electronic music here at Wild City, so we were delighted to see Pippin use live percussion during his opening performance for FKJ. "My new piece of equipment! I was a drummer in a band for a while and I was looking to grow my live set up. A drum pad is perfect for that. I think I'll stick to live percussion and singing for a while, till I get bored and want something else."
We talked to Pippin on his views of the 'scene' in India, which he says is "definitely on the up" as audiences are slowly opening themselves up to more experimental music and supporting new sounds. His opinions on the absurd side of nightlife in the capital is also one we tend to agree with - "Delhi could help with a shut down time that's later than 12:30. Either that, or people learn to get to gigs on time."
So what makes for a good gig? "Good people, good sound and good support. By good people I mean those who are there for the music, not just the kind who end up stumbling into our gigs with no idea or interest in what we're playing. I had a great time playing at antiSOCIAL where I opened for FKJ. The best festival will have to be Magnetic Fields. I was the first artist to ever play Magnetic Fields (I like saying that), which meant I didn't have too much of a crowd but there were musicians and fellow producers around and I had just come back from New Zealand, so I felt like I had to impress."
Jatin sites Barsoom, the location for the video for 'Sea Of Gold' (by Kartik Mahajan and Sachin Soni) as another haunt, telling us that some of the best nights he's had have been there (unsurprising, considering the good work that the venue is doing to bring upcoming international and national talent to the city). He sites Barsoom regular When Pandas Attack as one of the artists he thinks has the potential to create a dent in the industry along with Mumbai's Kumail and Bangalore based Blent.
http://youtu.be/xqi6tL3tw6M
Pippin's just finishing up with his new EP, which he says will be out in a "couple of months" - "I also have an idea I want to work on for an LP, which I hope to conceptualise and start while I'm in New Zealand. So expect lots of new music and maybe even another video! Lets see what the future holds for Pippin!" The future looks busy and bright.
There are a few generic questions every artist is asked in virtually every interview. Their favourite artists, gigs and the absolutely mandatory "Where do you find inspiration" question, which we're not shy to say we're guilty of ourselves. More often than not, the responses we get are as banal as the question itself.
It turns out, however, that Pippin's music is not the only thing that inspires us. "Everything is inspiring isn't it? From the first thought in our heads in the morning and the sounds we hear to our dreams at night. This world we have created for ourselves is beautifully painful and full of surprises. You learn, experience something new everyday."
We don't know what the future holds for the producer, and certainly don't want to hazard a guess – it seems like Pippin will follow wherever his destiny leads him, and we'll be happy to tag along.
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The Evolving Role Of Labels In South Asia
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Description A photograph of a man standing next to a saddled horse and a loaded pack horse. The man is in the center. A man mounted on a horse is on the left. A woman holding a baby is on the right. Snow is on the ground. Trees are in the background.


The Mastermind (Any Card At Any Number) Deck is very popular among working pros and has been featured on many television shows. The routines with it are endless because at its core it is likely the best forcing deck ever made. And the best part is that it comes in Bicycle cards and is available in four varieties so you can repeat the performance with different outcomes.
The two routines (or one two-phase routine) explained in the accompanying instructions and demonstrated on the video trailer is direct and outstanding. It combines one of the cleanest card predictions where a freely picked card matches your prediction. The selected card is lost back in the deck and a second spectator names a number between 1-52. Amazingly the selected card is found at that number.
The cards are ingeniously gaffed and there is absolutely no sleight-of-hand involved. The special deck does all the work for you.
Comes complete with a specially printed deck of Poker-size, red Bicycle cards that were printed by the United States Playing Card Company. Available in four varieties: Two of Clubs, Two of Diamonds, Three of Hearts, and Three of Spades. Please specify which deck you want when ordering.


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LG G4 upgrade to Android 6.0 next week
Posted by Admin on October 15, 2015 Email Pinterest
Earlier this month, there was information that, LG could be the first third-party manufacturer, which will start to update their devices to Android 6.0 Marshmallow. Recall that last year, LG G3 updated to Android 5.0 Lollipop even faster than some devices from Google.Now the company has officially confirmed the information, saying that the owners flagship smartphone LG G4 among the first to receive the update to Android 6.0 Marshmallow.
"The owners of the smartphone LG G4 were the first to get an upgrade to the operating system Android 6.0 Marshmallow. Owners of this device from Poland will receive the update next week, followed by the update to Android 6.0 will be available in Europe, Asia and America," - officially declared by the company LG.
"By working closely with Google LG managed to release Android 6.0 for a G4 faster than our competitors. However, speed is not an indicator of quality of service, but LG has gone a long way to give consumers confidence that their company's service in the first place" - said vice-president and director of marketing communications LG Mobile Chris Yeh.
Unfortunately, the company has not said when the update will be available in other regions and when to wait for the owners of Android 6.0 LG G3.


2017 weddings are here and oh what an amazing Saturday it was! Yes, we were sandwiched between rain a few days before and rain a few days after but Saturday gave us a break in the downpour and a gorgeous backdrop at Santa Margarita Ranch. I chatted with Annie and Matt a few days before the wedding to calm the rain jitters and assure them both how incredible rain could make for pictures if we were up for an adventure. Luckily for me, they were willing, ready, and beyond photogenic! Matt and Annie's wedding was nothing short of a celebration and I must say, it will definitely be one for the books. Rarely do we get rain and even more rarely do I get to shoot a ceremony inside the Santa Margarita Ranch Barn (most are on the lawn). GOODNESS!...the place looked magical with the subtle light creeping through the barn doors while these two exchanged vows. I loved it! Matt and Annie are truly amazing and I felt lucky to capture their story. Thank you Mr. and Mrs. Huber!!!!


One of the few languages we don't tutor at Cambridge Coaching.
Hello, dear readers! Today's post is something of a rousing battle cry for the humanities, shouted from the rooftops by one very energetic New York language tutor. Whether you speak Spanish, Chinese, French, Greek, Latin, Swahili, or Klingon, this advice is for you: Don't give up your language study, and strongly consider working your language skills into your college major or minor – especially if you speak Klingon.
But in all seriousness, I find that among my students and their peers, too many myths continue to prevail about the usefulness—or lack thereof—of studying a second or third language. It would be one thing to say a few remarks here to dispel those falsehoods, clearing away misinformation the way one casually sweeps an attic of cobwebs with a few idle swats of a broomstick. But I hope that the information I'm sharing here will register with a bit more force, much like the way that Seahawks fans genuinely cause earthquakes around Seattle when their fandom reaches its fever pitch. Now, instead of delivering my text-based message with a fit of CAPS LOCK RAGE, I'll just tackle three myths about language study and shout out some sound bites as a remedy. Hopefully, by the end of the post, you'll be on the phone with your college counselors and Cambridge tutors, preparing to add another major in whichever language and/or linguistic area you study.
Myth # 1: Academic majors and minors correlate directly with job prospects, so studying a language that isn't directly connected to future employment objectives is a waste of time.
The truth: Now more than ever, employers are willing to look beyond the limits of individual academic disciplines in order to create and maintain diverse, broadly capable workforces – and language skills are now being seen as huge drivers of value.
The kind of academic major that banks are now looking for, one that emphasizes communicative ability in a variety of situations and media, that pushes critical thinking skills, careful listening, and precise argumentation, and that prepares students for work in a multilingual, multinational environment, can't be found in the math department or at the computer lab. You'll find it of course in countless language and literature programs, and in the humanities more broadly. And we've just been talking about the financial sector. Any industry with an increasingly global profile—web development, medical and biotech, construction and real estate, engineering, automotive, aerospace, consumer goods, and on and on—will have its own need for good listeners and dynamic communicators. So whether you're in a 101 language course or you're already fluent, or you're in middle school or high school and about to start learning a language, take note: your language knowledge can connect you to job opportunities much broader than you might first think.
The truth: Companies across a wide array of industries sorely need employees with strong "soft" skillsets, and bilingual and/or trilingual students have these skills in spades.
Let's look at this another way. Have you ever had a terrible customer service experience? Have you ever had to read an email twice or three times, just to understand what it was saying? Have you ever read the instructions for something until your eyeballs hurt but you still couldn't comprehend how to put the thing together or make the thing work? Have you ever gotten in a fight with someone over something that seemed big but later just turned out to be a miscommunication? If so, congratulations! You're human! And as such, you experience on a daily basis all of the ways that our delightful species fails at some of its most basic tasks: correctly expressing empathy for others, accurately relaying information, sequentially narrating steps in a process. Surprisingly or perhaps unsurprisingly, industries in a globalized economy have increasingly found themselves in greater need of workers who can effectively and sensitively perform such tasks across languages, cultures, and employment areas. And if you happen to be studying a foreign language or two or seven, then your day-to-day academic training is providing you with the "soft skills" building that myriad employers so rightly seek.
But here's something else: although many employers recognize the need to train their employees in core "soft skills" like customer relations, written and verbal expression, and critical thinking, few are willing to pay for such training on the job. A recent survey developed by Accountemps, the world's largest temporary staffing firm for finance and accounting professionals, asked 2100 US Chief Financial Officers of companies across more than 20 industries to name the single biggest obstacle to career advancement for their employees. Coming in at number one, with a 30% response rate, was "Poor interpersonal skills." But asked with the follow-up question of whether they would be willing to train employees who already possess specialized skills (like accounting and business) in more general "soft" skills like interpersonal relations, only 19% of CFOs said that they would consider it. By comparison, 32% of polled CFOs said that they'd be willing to invest in further training in accounting, and 29% said that they'd consider investing in IT and Information Systems training. Now, granted, with the data from this follow-up question, we're only talking about what Financial Officers are willing to do for their most technically-minded employees, but the responses are still striking, especially when put in relief with the first question, where CFOs spoke to the skills lacking in their workforces company-wide.
Digesting this information, we can risk the following: employers recognize that their employees need more soft training, but they're much more likely to spend money on more technical and specialized training programs anyway, even though this doesn't remedy the people skills deficit. So what does this mean for you as a student of languages and cultures? It means that your academic training adds more value than you know. If you find yourself in an industry that needs "soft" skills as much as hard ones, your language capabilities will distinguish you from your peers. And if you need to learn additional skills in the workplace in order to rise professionally, don't worry, because not only is your employer more likely to spend money on special training, but that training will also go farther for you than for other candidates. Anyone can take a course on a new piece of software, because that's easy to coach, but how do you teach empathy, understanding, patience, and cultural sensitivities to the salaried multitudes? Getting that training while in high school and college will serve you well as you prepare for the workforce. And as for the argument that individual languages are only good to know if they are spoken in your specific workplace? General language knowledge is people knowledge, and since every field demands some degree of interpersonal interaction, your linguistic abilities are guaranteed to set you apart. Just ask the 2100 American CFOs who need to hire students just like you.
Apparently this is a real thing.
Myth #3: Learning a language only makes sense for studying abroad, and most majors with high credit loads don't permit foreign study, so taking a language is a wash.
The truth: Plenty of study abroad opportunities don't require preexisting language knowledge, and plenty of colleges and universities are becoming much more flexible regarding study away opportunities because it is in their interest to send more students abroad.
Anyone who has perused the fancy websites of top schools or flipped through the slick campus publications mailed to households with SAT and PSAT-age children knows that study abroad offers, like arts programming and campus diversity, tend to be showcased and sometimes even over-exaggerated in the branding efforts of colleges and universities. But for all the attention, even hype around studying abroad, new statistics tell a different, starker story. A recent report by the Institute of International Education finds that of all enrolled US college students, fewer than 2% (!) study abroad each year. Nevertheless, two and four year colleges across the board are increasingly looking to more globalized and international study opportunities as the new standard for liberal arts education in the 21st century. What this means for current and future students of language is that studying abroad is no longer the privilege of the happy few art historians and English majors and native bilingual rich folks who can easily justify flinging themselves across an ocean for a semester. Now, premeds, marketing majors, mathematicians and more can benefit from increasingly networked study abroad enterprises that match student academic interests or requirements to program offerings. The increasingly global view of higher education also means more financial aid opportunities for foreign study, a move that does much to widen access and broaden possibilities for students all across the country.
With this in mind, students should look to a semester or summer abroad as part and parcel of the collegiate experience – and not as a privilege reserved only for elites or dilettantes. In this view, any and all language knowledge becomes an asset, since even in a more democratized study abroad environment, program admission is bound to remain competitive. So, stick with that intermediate level Mandarin class, or start working on that Modern Hebrew course, or take some sessions with a Spanish tutor, or dust off your copies of Madame Bovary and reacquaint yourself with the French past subjunctive, because your next gen-ed requirement may very well involve a commute waaaaaaay longer than the walk from your dorm to the quads.
I hope that by now it is clear that pursuing language study of some kind, at any level, can add tremendous value to the college experience and can position you for job opportunities well beyond the traditional expected career paths for individual majors. The last thing that bears discussion, beyond all these facts and figures, is the simple truth that learning a new language and engaging with a new culture is enormously fun. Language learning is a unique kind of learning, one that begins in the classroom but extends to all corners of the earth. It is a worthy pursuit for so many reasons, and I hope that all of you will have the good fortune to find pleasure in it. Stay tuned for more posts about language learning, college study abroad, and other tasty morsels in the months ahead, and as always, enjoy!


It will still not stop a person like me, who did nothing but full-time journalism for three decades, to admit that in countries like Pakistan "citizen journalists," always beat us when it comes to breaking heart-wrenching but authentic stories.
The Counter Terrorism Department (CTD) of Punjab must have gotten away with its version of killing a wanted "terrorist" along with his presumed accomplices or facilitators past Saturday, if "citizen journalists" were not there.
Thanks to their daring initiatives and courage to post pictures and videos, we finally discovered so many heart-touching sides of a tragic story that had orphaned two little girls and a boy in early teens. Even an incurably stoned heart would find it extremely difficult not to shiver while imagining the trauma these kids might continue to endure for the rest of their lives.
There is no doubt that some leading ministers of the Federal and the Punjab Government sounded as if callously owning and defending the brute conduct of a squad, specifically hired, trained and deputed to protect us from "terrorism" in their early reactions.
But to be fair, one also has to admit that nonstop updates from citizen journalists, going viral on social media, finally put them on the defensive.
Prime Minister Imran Khan felt compelled to remind the "Chief Executive" of the most populous province of Pakistan that he needed to leave Mianwali in haste and rush to the spot.
Although he appeared less effective and assuaging even after reaching there, Osman Buzdar, had to announce formation of a Joint Investigation Team, comprising various law and info-gathering agencies of the state for deep probing of the incident.
Relying on JIT's initial findings, the law minister of Punjab, Raja Basharat, did sound dropping heavy hints to victims' connection to a "wanted terrorist" through his presser Sunday.
He miserably failed to explain, however, as to why all people sitting in an apparently cornered and over powered vehicle needed to be killed with showers of close-range shots. Doing so, the trigger-happy personnel looked doubly insensitive while dealing with three abandoned kids.
Anti-Terrorist Squads, anywhere in the world do require real time autonomy and authority to take snap decision. But these privileges were certainly looked abused like a license to kill by the CTD Squad that 'tackled' the vehicle, taking an average lower middle class looking family of Lahore to Burewala for attending a marriage too close Sahiwal City.
The number strong opposition in the national assembly was certainly expected to milk the incident for political point scoring at the outset of the Monday sitting. One was thus not surprised when Shahbaz Sharif, the opposition leader, grabbed the mic to demand suspension of the day's agenda for discussing the Saturday-incident.
The government did not resist. Ali Mohammad Khan and Dr. Shireen Mazari rather stood from the ministerial benches to do away with procedural constraints. But all this eventually led to sickening point scoring. I found it extremely difficult to bear with it and opted to left the assembly building in utter disgust.
Shahbaz Sharif had remained a hands-on type Chief Minister of Punjab for ten years. I genuinely expected him to bring some new shades and aspects of the Saturday-incident, which the citizen journalists could not capture or project for obvious reasons.
But he preferred to make us believe that Osman Buzdar was just a puppet, manipulated 24/7 by the Prime Minister's Office. All the top administrative officers of the Punjab province seek directions from Imran Khan and his secretariat for micro management of even the routine and banal matters.
Perhaps he was right. But how it could help fathoming the real causes of Saturday-incident and dealing with its blowback is beyond my comprehension.
The Opposition Leader and his colleagues also kept reminding us as to how consistent and vicious Imran Khan had been while directly holding the Sharif brothers for all evils under the sun, when they were in command and control of the federal and the Punjab Government.
It surely was an occasion that the opposition legislators should have used to help us in comprehending the mechanisms set, if any, to ensure an effective oversight of anti-corruption operations by the elected governments, based in Islamabad or in the provincial capitals.
Without focusing on the oversight mechanism and capacity of the elected government, when it comes to managing anti-terrorism business, we can just not ensure that in future the messy and tragic happenings like the Sahiwal tragedy will not be repeated.
"Our representatives," have their own priorities, though. Shahbaz Sharif and his comrades simply want to hold Imran Khan responsible for the Sahiwal tragedy, due to his allegedly hands-on obsession.
The PTI in Punjab is also crowded with a big crowd of wannabe Chief Ministers. From heart of their hearts, they too are feeling confident that the Sahiwal-incident will force their leader to revisit his decision of selecting Osman Buzdar for running the most populous province of Pakistan. He has failed to prove "Wasim Akram Plus" for his Captain. He needs to send someone else to a difficult pitch.
In the said context, an exhaustive meeting of the PML-Q legislator that Chaudhry Shujaat Hussein presided Monday had looked too intriguing to many reporters hunting for juicy stories.
The PML-Q has ten members in the Punjab Assembly. Their support relishes the make or break leverage with the PTI-led government there. In this column last week I did hint at brewing troubles for the PTI in Punjab. It, however, is too early to imagine the PML-Q quitting the ruling alliance.
Intense efforts are still on to carve out a "forward block" comprising people elected to the Punjab Assembly on the PML-N ticket during the elections of July 2018. Without its surfacing, both Imran Khan and Chaudhries of Gujrat will feel doubly shy to upset the apple cart.


Trauma to the face and oral cavity can have a lasting impact if not treated properly. Traumatic injuries can be the result of a sports related injury, a motor vehicle collision, or even something as simple as a trip or fall. Our doctors specialize in treating all types of facial trauma. We work with our patients to create the best possible treatment plan.
Soft tissue injuries - These kinds of injuries include both simple and complex lacerations of the facial area. They are typically repaired using a layered cosmetic closure with sutures. Soft tissue injuries should be taken seriously, because if deep enough, can also affect the nerves of the face and salivary glands.
Bone injuries - These injuries effect the bones in the maxillofacial region, including the jaw, cheek, and the delicate bones around the eyes and nose. Our surgeons have the experience and knowledge to repair bone fractures and keep the bone stable while it heals in order to maintain your facial appearance.
Tooth and mouth injuries - Trauma to the teeth and gums often requires a multi-step treatment plan. If root canal therapy is needed, an endodontist may be involved, while fractured teeth may need to be treated by a restorative dentist. An oral surgeon would be needed to re-plant displaced teeth or repair bone fractures.
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons are specially trained in the diagnoses and treatment of facial injuries. Our training starts with dentistry, and then goes far beyond that, to cover injuries and trauma of the face, mouth and jaw.


The Sherpa Pet Service Backpack is a very thrilling strategy to dog carriers. Being ready is very important relating to air journey with pets. It may possibly bear canine or pets with weights up to 15 kilos. The question is do you actually need to stroll around a shopping center or a avenue truthful toting a 15 pound canine in a canine provider.
I am always switching hands when no matter I'm carrying gets too heavy or uncomfortable. Your dog can also fly in a small airline-permitted kennel as baggage if you travel together. Its a whole lot of work carrying your pet, why not let them trip in type in a nice wheeled pet provider.
They are suitable for puppies and small dogs and likewise convenient for the pet proprietor to hold around. You have to look at some very good fashions before lastly deciding that which pet provider is greatest suited to you. If you're not simply happening a trek so your pet can potty, however instead heading out to benefit from the contemporary air during wet or cold climate, a backpack pet service is a great way to take your buddy alongside.
My favorite carriers are these produced for the typical pet mum or dad wanting to carry their pet with out busting the budget. If you're like me, when traveling by way of airports or wherever else, it may be a trouble carrying issues in your arms. Many soft designs are pre-permitted for carry-on pet journey carrier , guaranteeing you get to your destination with out challenge.
You may find that you need to get a different kind of airline authorised pet carriers if it's a must to keep your pet in baggage. Some of the individuals use the child carriers to hold their pets. 2. The second is the entrance fashion pet carriers.


Perth Folk and Roots Club is back with folk and roots music at the Inglewood Bowling and Sports Club on Sunday 28th April 2019 with the support of the Inglewood Bowling and Sports Club and City of Stirling. The performances are from 5pm to 8pm at the Inglewood Bowling and Sports Club, 1 Stancliffe Street, Mount Lawley.
For this event, the Perth Folk and Roots Club has Robbie Jalapeno and John Howard. 'Perth Folk and Roots Club welcomes back Robbie Jalapeno and John Howard at Inglewood Bowling and Sports Club ', said Keith Anthonisz, President of the Perth Folk and Roots Club.
Robbie Jalapeno is the founder of The Faceless Bureaucrats in 2010 and combines acoustic guitar with funk. His fellow musicians reflect the diverse nature of his music with support players having classical backgrounds, independent band backgrounds and cabaret. Robbie Jalapeno and The Faceless Bureaucrats have released three singles, and an album called 'Songs About Nothing'. Their music has been described as 'the sound of a dingy cellar café at midnight, glass of rouge in hand, smoke trailing around the stage' in a review by Cam Findlay of themusic.com.au.
John Howard is a Perth based singer/songwriter who released his debut 12 track CD 'So it Goes' on 1st January 2018. The album was produced with assistance from Mike DeVelta and Alan Dawson of Empire Blues. Johns songs are all in the Folk/Rock/Country genre and Johns musical influences include Mark Knopler, Eric Clapton, JJ Cale, Tony Joe White, and The Proclaimers. The So it Goes CD has been played on Alan Dawson's "Twilight Zone" program on Fremantle Radio and has had some very positive feedback. John has been a regular supporter of Perth Folk and Roots shows and his CD release provides the Club with an opportunity to return this support.


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Q: access a session variable created from another class in vb .net I need to access a session variable called "usuario" created from another class.
First, I have the following class called Default.aspx.vb
Protected Sub btnvalidar_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnvalidar.Click
    Dim fila As DataRow
    Dim nombre As String = ""

            For Each fila In tabla.Rows
                nombre = fila("referencia")
            Next
            Session.Add("usuario", nombre)

I need to access this variable from the following class called CConexion.vb
        _adaptador.SelectCommand = New MySqlCommand("select * from empresas where usuario=Session("usuario")", _conexion)

A: Your entire sql statement is enclosed in quotes. You want to add the session variable to the string instead:
"select * from empresas where usuario= '" + Session("usuario") +"'"

(You really should be using parameterized stored procedures)