text:
Fremde Kulturen in alten Berichten ist eine deutschsprachige Buchreihe mit verschiedenen Reiseberichten und Reiseerzählungen vom 16. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert, die in jüngerer Zeit in Sigmaringen bzw. Stuttgart im Verlag Thorbecke erscheint (1996–2003). Ihren Schwerpunkt bildet die Schilderung außereuropäischer Kulturen. Die Reihe umfasst 14 Bände, der derzeit letzte Band erschien 2003. Einige Bände erschienen in späteren Auflagen.

Bände
Die folgende Übersicht erhebt keinen Anspruch auf Aktualität oder Vollständigkeit:

 1 Nachricht von der britischen Gesandschaftsreise nach China 1792–94. Johann Christian Hüttner; Sabine Dabringhaus. Sigmaringen Thorbecke [2002] 1996
 2 Reisen im Orient. Lodovico de Varthema; Folker Reichert. Sigmaringen: Thorbecke [2002] 1996
 3 Kunde von den Mongolen 1245–1247. Johannes de Plano Carpini; Felicitas Schmieder. Sigmaringen: Thorbecke [2002] 1997
 4 Reisen eines Philosophen. Pierre Poivre. - Sigmaringen : Thorbecke, 1997
 5 Die Malabarische Korrespondenz: tamilische Briefe an deutsche Missionare: eine Auswahl. Johann Ernst Gründler. Sigmaringen (Thorbecke), 1998.

 6 Reise nach Pennsylvanien im Jahr 1750 und Rückreise nach Deutschland im Jahr 1754. Gottlieb Mittelberger; Jürgen Charnitzky. Sigmaringen: Jan Thorbecke Verlag, 1997.
 7 Expedition ins unbekannte Sibirien. Johann Georg Gmelin; Dittmar Dahlmann; Jan Thorbecke Verlag. Sigmaringen: Jan Thorbecke Verlag, 1999.
 8 Alexander in Indien: 327–325 v. Chr.: Antike Zeugnisse eingeleitet, übersetzt und erläutert von Johannes Hahn. Johannes Hahn; Stuttgart: Jan Thorbecke, 2000.
 9 Entdeckungen in Australien: Briefe und Aufzeichnungen eines Deutschen 1855–1862 [Discoveries in Australia: A German's Letters and Papers 1855–1862]. Hermann Beckler. Stuttgart: Jan Thorbecke Verlag 2000
 10 Beschreibung des mächtigen Königreichs Japan [1645]. François Caron; Detlef Haberland. Sigmaringen: Thorbecke, 2000.
 11 Stimmen aus dem äußersten Norden: Wie die Grönländer Europa für sich entdeckten. Michael Harbsmeier. Stuttgart: J. Thorbecke, 2001
 12 Athos : Reisen zum Heiligen Berg 1347–1841. hrsg., eingeleitet und kommentiert von Folker Reichert und Gerrit J. Schenk. Stuttgart : Thorbecke, 2001 (Texte von Nikephóros Gregorás, Ruy González de Clavijo, Cristoforo Buondelmonti, Pero Tafur, Ciriaco d'Ancona, Pierre Belon, John Covel, François Braconnier, Gerasim Zelić, Lord Byron, David Urquhart,  Robert Curzon, August Grisebach, Jakob Philipp Fallmerayer)
 13 Der Kreuzzug Friedrich Barbarossas 1187–1190: Bericht eines Augenzeugen. Ansbertus (Ansbert); Arnold Bühler. Stuttgart: Thorbecke, 2005, 2002
 14 Reise zur Mitte der Welt: die Geschichte von der Suche nach der wahren Gestalt der Erde. Charles-Marie de La Condamine; Barbara Gretenkord. Sigmaringen: Thorbecke, 2003.

Siehe auch
 Edition Erdmann

Weblinks

 Fremde Kulturen in alten Berichten (in der Patmos Verlagsgruppe)
 Fremde Kulturen in alten Berichten (in der bibliografischen Datenbank WorldCat)

Einzelnachweise und Fußnoten

Buchreihe
Reiseliteratur
Literatur (Deutsch)


text:
@class ShowSigninCommand;

// Protocol used to display signin UI.
@protocol SigninPresenter
// Asks the presenter to display the signin UI configured by `command`.
- (void)showSignin:(ShowSigninCommand*)command;
@end

#endif  // IOS_CHROME_BROWSER_UI_AUTHENTICATION_SIGNIN_PRESENTER_H_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Showing results for tags 'arcgis'.
Hi all I recently renew my Laptop with a better one with windows 10 platform, but I have a problem with some software such as arcgis 10.2.2 In the software environment, icons are really small. when I change arcmap setting to big icons, the size of icons getting bigger than normal condition in the past! please help me. I like normal view of arcmap.
Hello to all. Have a problem with creting html popup with Carrymap in ArcGIS. Images appears too big for popup. Script for image insert: <% var tag = '<img src="'; tag += CF.Values["img"] + ".JPG"; tag += '">'; echo (tag); %> Could I change image size in pixels or percents in script?
Yet another article explaining all the details one should remember for faster ArcGIS workflow. Check this out..... When it comes to computer hardware, there is a lot you can do to increase the performance of ArcGIS. The decisions you make about processor, disk, memory, etc. are all critical issues that can often be overlooked – even by the experts. The following is a listing (in order of importance) of some key hardware issues for ArcGIS – specifically for Geoprocessing tasks in ESRI ArcGIS products like ArcMap and the 'arcpy' Python module. Let's get started: Processor: Without a doubt, this is the most critical consideration. Having a modern processor with the fastest clock speed you can afford is by far the most significant performance choice you can make. Right now in Q1 2013, my quick recommendation is (for a Desktop system) the Intel Core i7 3970x, and (for a Workstation/Server system) the Intel Xeon E5-2687w. Price aside, there are some key considerations that you need to know about when deciding what processor you should buy: Chip architecture: This basically describes the techniques used to design and construct the processor. As you might imagine, processor architecture is an extremely complex and constantly evolving field. If you have a strong cup of coffee, 10 minutes or so, and enjoy melodrama. Generally speaking you want to be sure to always buy the most modern (but mature) chip architecture that is on the market, but also at the same time ensure that the chip has a high clock speed (see below). Sometimes it takes the chip manufacturers a while to release the high clock speed models when the release a new processor architecture. This effect is described in the Intel "tick-tock" model. In any case, you should probably wait until the "tock" happens lest you end up with a processor that is actually a bit slower than the higher clock speed version (see the next section) of last years processor family. It is very important to note that chip architectures vary considerably, and it is unwise to make straight across comparisons of processors with different architectures. For example, a 2.8 Ghz processor model from a few years ago will invariably be slower than a 2.8 Ghz processor of today. Main point here: Unless there is a compelling reason, don't buy yesterdays processor architecture. Clock speed: This is critical. The clock speed is a measure of the processor "frequency", which basically refers to how fast the electrons cycle through the processor… Similar to someone flipping a light switch on and off really (really) fast. With each on/off cycle, the processor "computes" something. Generally speaking, you want to buy a processor with the fastest clock speed you can afford. Of course increased clock speed (aka processor performance) does come at a price: Not only do high clock speed chips cost more initially to purchase, they also require more electricity to both power the processor and to properly cool it. This is why many large IT shops (think large server rooms and data centers) do not generally buy the highest clock speed processors… doing so increases their electricity/cooling demands. Is performance or energy efficiency more important? I will leave that up to you to decide. Number of cores: The argument of "more is better" sounds logical here, but in truth it really depends on your intended use. Generally, the more cores a processor has the slower the clock speed (otherwise all those cores would get too hot). That said, having more cores theoretically allows you to run more processes at the same time without having them compete for limited processor resources. However, all good ESRI GIS users should know by now that ArcGIS is a single threaded application – at least for now – meaning that a single instance of ArcMap will only use the equivalent resources of a single processor. For example, lets suppose you have a 4 core processor, and are running a single instance of the Clip tool. In that case, you will only be using 25% of the total system processor resources. Having lots of processor cores only makes sense if you can effectively take advantage of them. A good example where extra cores does make sense is if your hardware will be used by many people at the same time (think Citrix, Remote Desktop Protocol, Virtual Server (Hyper-V), etc.). Another use case where lots of cores make sense is if you are an intensive multi-tasker (you are running Excel, ArcMap, Python, Access, etc. all at the same time) and/or you are a decent programmer and can write scripts to run your large GIS processes as separate processes – for example using the Python 'subprocess' or 'multiprocessing' modules. Unless you fit one of these use cases I would recommend you go with a processor that has fewer cores but higher clock speed. Something good to know also: Most decent processors these days have at least two cores, and with something called multithreaded architecture (Intel calls it 'Hyperthreading'), the number of cores is effectively doubled. This is why your two core Intel i5 processor appears to have four cores. What's the optimum ratio of cores/clock speed? Again, I will leave that up to you to decide. My general recommendation: Clock speed first, cores second. When comparing clock speed, make sure you are using the same/similar chip architectures to base the comparison on. Cache: A processor cache is basically a type of very fast memory buffer that physically exists exists inside processor. The idea being that it is much faster to read from the processor cache than the RAM, and so it stands to reason that it if you load up the cache with data from the RAM that have a high probability of being used, the data will be more readily available and thus reduce latency. A decent sized processor cache today is typically more than 10MB or so. Having a larger cache will generally make the processor more efficient and fast. How much so depends on your data and algorithm structures. Memory (aka Random Access Memory – RAM): Think of computer memory (aka RAM) as an intermediate, temporary, and fast storage area between the disc and the processor. In a way, RAM is a smaller and faster version of a disk – with no moving parts. The more data you can read and write to/from the RAM (instead of the disk) the faster your process will be. How much memory you need depends a lot on how you process data and the type of data your process. My quick recommendation is to buy at least 2GB of RAM per processor core (possibly less if you have lots of cores). Consider 3-4 GB or more if the machine is going to support many concurrent users and/or very large GIS processes or GIS 'power users'. One benefit to having lots of RAM available is that it provides a higher limit to how large the ESRI 'in_memory' workspace can hold. For users that don't know, the 'in_memory' workspace is a type of RAM disk that can be used to temporarily store tables, feature classes, and now in v10.1, raster datasets as well. In addition, more memory means that you can process larger datasets using memory intensive tools such as Dissolve and Union. Up until a few years ago, it used to be that a single instance of ArcGIS physically couldn't use more than 2.1 GB of RAM due to it's status of being compiled as a 32-bit software… And actually the limit was in effect more like 1.4 GB or so due to system overhead. However a few years back, ArcGIS users were able to take advantage of more RAM using a secret 'Large Address Aware' setting. If you have this turned on, and had a 64 bit operating system, you can theoretically use up to 4 GB of RAM. Now with ArcGIS 10.1 the 'Large Address Aware' setting appears to be turned on by default, and for v10.1 Service Pack 1, the install package includes a new '64-bit Background Geoprocessing' installer, which theoretically allows background geoprocessing tasks to (basically) use as much memory as your system has. Similar to a processor, memory also has an operating frequency (for example, 1600 Mhz), and generally the faster the frequency, the faster the memory can communicate with the processor. Be sure that your processor is compatible with the memory you are purchasing. Also, be sure you are buying the latest memory type which is DDR3 (double data rate type 3). Note that DDR4 memory is on the horizon and will be better/faster than DDR3. My final say on RAM: Since lots of RAM can be expensive, don't buy a whole bunch unless you know how to effectively use it – and if you do – well then 64 GB of RAM (or more!) wouldn't be unreasonable. That said, sticking to the 2GB of RAM per processor core rule should be sufficient for the majority of single user ArcGIS applications. Consider more for multi-user systems and/or expert ArcGIS 'power-users'. Disk: The two largest considerations about disks are their capacity (how much they can store), and their speed (how fast can they transfer data to and from the RAM and processor. Historically, disks have had spinning magnetic platters, but in the last few years Solid State Drives (SSDs) have become increasing popular. SSD have no moving parts and are extremely fast… In some cases, approaching the speed of RAM. In fact, SSDs resemble RAM much more than a conventional magnetic disk drive with a spinning platter. If you have noticed something by reading my post up until this point, it is that the dividing lines between the disk, RAM, and processor is being blurred, and it may not be too long until it is blurred even more… perhaps to the point that someday they become a single integrated piece of hardware… Well maybe. So SSDs do have disadvatages: One significant issue is price: They are relatively expensive, and the other is capacity: They don't have nearly as much storage capacity as magnetic platter disks (for example, you effectively can't buy a 2TB SSD drive). My quick recommendation is, if you can afford it, buy a modern large capacity SSD (6.0 Gb/s or more and ~ 500 GB which will cost you about $500 as of Jan 2013). In my opinion, their speed is worth the extra price… If you are frustrated by how long it takes for ArcMap to start up, you will be amazed to see that a fast SSD drive will bring ArcMap start time to a few seconds or less. SSD performance really shines when running parallel tasks/processes – their throughput is quite remarkable. Magnetic disks are still the dominant disk type by far… but probably not for long. As a 'hybrid' approach, It is possible to have both SSDs and conventional HHDs in the same computer, thereby having the best of both worlds. Another option for advanced applications is configuring your disks (you will need at least two) in a RAID array. RAID can significantly increase speed, capacity, and reliability of your disks, but it will be at least twice as expensive as a non-RAID set up. Final recommendation: Be sure to buy enough storage capacity for your needs right now, and then multiply by three. GIS datasets aren't getting any smaller, in fact quite the opposite! Also, although SSDs remain orders of magnitude more expensive than conventional HHDs, they are worth it, especially for data intensive applications like GIS. Video card: Video cards (aka graphics cards) increase the performance of graphical display to you monitor. For example a nice video card will make, a 3D rendering of ArcScene or ArcGlobe more smooth and fluid. Personally, I don't do a lot of 3D rendering so I may be a bit biased here. High end video cards are more geared towards computer animators and computer gamers. If you don't do that, then you probably don't need a high end graphics card… A 256 MB one will do you just fine. However, one emerging technology to take note of is something called GPU processing, which basically allows you to take advantage of the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) in a video card and use it for general processing tasks unrelated to graphics display. A GPU (as opposed to a CPU) has the advantage of having hundreds or sometimes thousands of processing cores, and the idea being to make processes massively parallel so that each core in the GPU can work on a small piece of the larger pie. Is this an easy to do? The answer is a resounding 'No'. Algorithms need to be rewritten at a very low level to take advantage of GPU computing, and that is very labor intensive. Note that ArcGIS at this time (Jan 2013) does not support GPU computing, but ESRI has hinted that it may in the near future. Here's a great article all about it. So with that, having a GPU/CUDA worthy video card will probably be something that you should consider in the near future. Right now, maybe not so much. Video cards are very easy to install, so it might be an upgrade to consider if ESRI gets GPU computing usable in ArcGIS. Thanks for reading!
Salam kenal para master GIS Indonesia, Saya baru mulai belajar mengenai GIS, jadi pasti memiliki banyak pertanyaan. Masalah saya yang pertama ini adalah saya memiliki file dalam bentuk .shp yang telah diregister pastinya. Sekarang saya ingin merubah register yang ada di file .shp tersebut. Mungkinkah ada cara untuk merubah registernya tanpa harus mengulang dari awal lagi?bagaimana caranya jika ada?Mohon para master bisa memandu saya menyelesaikan masalah ini. Terima Kasih.
How do I create a map of addresses?
This is a tricky one. A little context first: Bentiu wiki page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentiu + OSM map of Bentiu refugee camp, South Sudan: http://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=16/9.3314/29.7920 My task is to come up with a map of the dwellings and the facilities in the camp, each with their corresponding address. For this I have (1) a schematic grid of the address system (.pdf), (2) indications on how the address system works (start numbering the buildings from the NW corner to W then S), and (3) the .shp of the individual houses and buildings extracted from aerial imagery analysis. Problems: (a) while the grid assumes that buildings are perfectly-aligned squares, the shp shows different shapes of dwellings that partially follow the spatial organisation set up for the address system; ( the drawing and the numbering are currently being used for healthcare provision and cannot be modified to fit the structure of the dwellings. So far I have tried a couple of tricks unsuccessfully, mainly because the drawing is only a representation therefore cannot be georeferenced. I tried to assign every house in the .shp a number with $rownum but this did not work either because the order was not respected. I'm more than willing to discuss any ideas!
Hello and I am almost finished completing a GIS application using Geocortex Essentials with the silverlight viewer template and have a couple of questions for anyone who is experienced. 1. When creating a Feature Description my photos will not show up. I've had my photos in a virtual directory for a previous flex application we've ran for a couple of years now and have had no issues. In fact, when putting in a simple request such as <img src> in the editor but not in the mapping application (just the html code does). The Geocortex manual explicitly states that feature descriptions support images. 2. Simple ole db connections that were working the previous day tend to disappear with a server reboot or the following day. Very strange. The connections are all 100% correct and have been verified numerous times. I am hosting the database files so permissions and locations haven't changed. If anyone can shed some light on some potential fixes that would be great!
untuk menamplikan informasi shp di sdk java arcgis bagaimana ya ?
At the moment I am using Global Mapper + a custom fishnet in order to export (download) orthos from a WMS Server. I just select the polygons and exporting them in GeoTIFF. I was wondering if there is a similar process that I can use in ArcGIS 9+ 10+, in order to do the same thing? If anyone knows how to do it, please let me know!


text:
Universes in Universe
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Art Destinations
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UiU - Home
Art Destination Sharjah
East Coast of the Emirate of Sharjah
The three exclaves at the East Coast of the United Arab Emirates
The city's name 'Creek of the Two Jaws' is inspired by its setting in a crescent-shaped bay flanked by two headlands
Kalba and Khor Kalba
Beautiful seaside and patrimonial buildings, and a creek that is home to Arabia's oldest mangrove forest.
Dibba Al Hisn
Situated in a fertile valley at the foot of the Hajar mountains. Named after its fort (Hisn).
Impressions of Khor Fakkan
Views of the bay and the beach, heritage sites, two internationally renowned local artists. Outline of the city's history.
Historic Heart of Khor Fakkan
Restoration and reconstruction of the historic heart of the city of Khor Fakkan, becoming one of the cultural treasures of the UAE
Al Hisn Kalba (The Kalba Fort)
Arab construction at the site where the Portuguese built a fortress up from 1624
Bait Sheikh Saeed Al Qasimi
Residence of Sheikh Saeed Bin Hamad Al Qasimi, now a cultural heritage museum
Ice Factory at Kalba Creek
Used by Sharjah Art Foundation for the production and presentation of art
The most northerly of the three exclaves of the Emirate of Sharjah at the East Coast, situated in a fertile valley at the foot of the Hajar mountains. Named after the fort (hisn).
See also in UiU:
Sharjah Art Foundation
Main institution for contemporary arts, organizer of the Biennial and other world class events.
Sharjah Biennial 15, 2022
March - June 2022. Curators: Okwui Enwezor, Hoor Al Qasimi. Theme: Thinking Historically in the Present, conceived by late Enwezor.
Complete documentation. Three exhibitions, curated by Zoe Butt, Omar Kholeif, Claire Tancons.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A public opinion study was made in 1937. If you're really in love, water tastes like expensive wine. Saqib comes here twice a week. Barrett smiled at Eli. We'll make camp near the lake. I continued focussing on it, wondering if there was a way to get in and learn its secrets. But how much did you win? Shawn is an immigration lawyer. I don't want to go to work. Which is the best solution?
The firm has a great deal of trust in your ability. Donnie doesn't like anyone. That's why Laurel doesn't have a girlfriend. Maybe I haven't explained it well. We can't attend. I doubt that Nadeem has the courage to cross the picket line. Have you been up all night? Hirotoshi told Izumi what he had in mind. "I shall buy a new house. How about you?" "No, I will not buy one." I see no reason to tell you anything.
I know we gotta stay quiet! I hope everything is fine at home. I would love to read a book on the history of laughter. Shahid has been very quiet. I'll be seeing you sometime next week. I wonder what this phrase means. I think this is a nice place. It is sometimes hard to tell right from wrong. That's why I fell for you. What's with all the flowers?
Freedom is useless unless you use it. I've never even been to Boston. All sensory pleasures activate the minds of the noble-natured. They shut down the minds of the unnoble. They continued fighting. I remember getting really sick after we ate these. Anyone cherishes his native town in his heart. You think he is a good doctor, and so he is. Mongo should know better. There is no one standard for beauty. Edgar walked right past Sridharan without recognizing her.
Isn't that a little dishonest? She is in her element when it comes to tennis. No charges have been filed against the suspect. Who is entered in the race? I like all films that Juzo Itami directs. We are digging a well in the backyard. I won't have it good with this bet. I don't want to impose. You must promise me something. The city is small.
She was brave. You should apologize to them. She studied hard lest she should fail her exam. You're so picky. I've admired Jared for a while. Now we know how Merton did it. She and I are classmates. What one has sown one will have to reap. "How much did you pay for this?" "About 20 euros." "Wow! That's incredibly cheap." The mountain whose top is covered with snow is Mt. Fuji.
Sweetheart, we need to go to the supermarket. We ran out of milk. We hear with our ears. I do worry. He's going blind. How much are eggs per dozen? I'll handle her. And thus he failed the exam. The moon began to show her pale face from behind the clouds. He supported himself with a stick. Milo probably wouldn't have done that if Christie had been there.
Tuna wouldn't have done that. Dan quieted the dogs. Several scenes have been cut from the original. Did you feel the earthquake yesterday? Pay attention, because there will be difficulties. He went up the river. Could you please give me your cellphone number? Tim doesn't know French. Next week will be busy. From that time on, she always waited on him.
When are you going to tell Morris that you want to get married? It was only a partial success. I wish I had eaten something else. Coral reefs are some of the most amazing natural habitats on Earth. Galen abandoned the hope of becoming an actor. Elizabeth seems happy to be here. I should have known they would betray me. He changed a few words. Magnus found Ricky, didn't he? Don't be a douchebag!
I'm thinking of taking you to see Mr Jenkins. "Do not talk like that, dear child," replied the lady. Kelly doesn't like being told what to do. One more effort, and you will succeed. I don't give a damn what people think about me. Every virtue has its corresponding vice. Everyone was OK. Would you rather play tennis or golf? A well is a place where you can get water. Meeks paid for everything with his credit card.


Elizabeth Wood lived with her husband and a lodger, Fanny Tomlinson, near Stockport. Initially after being accused at the inquest, both women were held in Chester Castle, but the case against Fanny was dropped, leaving Elizabeth to face the charge of murder alone.
She had baked a veal pie for Simister, and had been shown to have bought arsenic recently. The body of James Simister was found to have contained a rough powder, which would be proved to be arsenic, according to early tests. The only thing that seemed to be missing was the apparent lack of motive.
After being sentenced, Wood 'pleaded her belly', despite being 42 years of age, and managed to convince the court to delay the sentence being carried out, for six months.


Last week, Wale Adenuga beat his chest that his second feature film, The Perfect Church will do well in cinema and true to his words the moviethat has Ramsey Nouah, Funke Akindele, Olu Jacobs, Ngozi Ezeonu, and others made a strong cinema debut measuring up to par and beating many Hollywood films at cinema across the country.
It will be recalled that in time past Nigerian films such as Figurine, Ije and Anchor Baby have done very well in cinema giving Hollywood movies run for their money. Ije actually went on to become the highest selling movie of all time raking in over N57 million and doing over 18 weeks in cinema. Anchor Baby, the movie produced by Lonzo Nzekwe is still in cinema for the eigth weeks running.
Following in the tradition of these great movies, The Perfect Church' is packing the cinema full and made strong first week impression such that cinema stakeholders are predicting the movie will notch several ups in cinema.
The movie is in a class of its own, 'The Perfect Church' for the first time in West Africa, opened in all cinemas across Nigeria and Ghana simultaneously. It can be seen at Silverbird (Lagos and Abuja, Ghana), Genesis (Lagos and Port Harcourt), Ozone (Yaba, Lagos), I-cinema (Port Harcourt).
Asked if he will be able to reproduce his status as the king of soap opera in feature films? Wale Adenuga said 'all forms of production requires the four big 'Ms', Money, Man, Machine and Material. The machine been used is the only difference between TV production and Cinema production, all these we know and have considered in producing 'The Perfect Church'. I have no doubts it is going to succeed at the cinema because we used the best materials and the right cast in producing the movie'.
The Perfect Church is a story of deceit, repentance and forgiveness that simply relays the message that we are only made perfect by grace. It tells the story of a church with perfect reputation and holy people with unholy secret. Pastor Benson (Ramsey) presides over the church, Sis Angela (Funke) leads the choir while Mr and Mrs. Ojo (Hakeem and Ngozi) are the elders. There lives are perfect until Bishop Williams (Olu Jacobs) comes to deliver a confusing vision. All hell was let lose and lives and reputation are sacrificed.


text:
<?php

namespace com\checkout\ApiServices\RecurringPayments\RequestModels;

class CustomerPlanFromExistingCreateWithCardToken extends PlanWithCardTokenCreate
{

	private $_planId;
	private $_startDate;

	/**
	 * @return mixed
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	public function getPlanId ()
	{
		return $this->_planId;
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	public function setPlanId ( $planId )
	{
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	}

	/**
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	public function getStartDate ()
	{
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}


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Salisbury Cathedral is one of the finest medieval Cathedrals in Britain. For over 750 years pilgrims have come to Salisbury to seek inspiration in the glory and peace of the building and surrounding Cathedral Close.
The Cathedral's Refectory Restaurant is open 7 days a week. This unique glass-roofed area provides a wonderful space for visitors to relax and the restaurant offers a selection of homemade cakes and pastries throughout the day, Fair-trade coffee, fresh leaf tea, a selection of sandwiches, rolls and panini, afternoon tea – and plenty more besides. Freshly prepared hot lunches and homemade soup are served.
The Refectory Restaurant employs part time staff throughout the year. Work is also available at various evening dinners, drinks receptions and open-air events such as The Medieval Fair.


Investigations of major tech companies have fuelled the debate regarding the fitness of competition rules to address questions about the digital economy.
On 4 April 2019, a special report on competition policy, commissioned by EU antitrust chief Margrethe Vestager, was published. The 127-page report examines how competition policy should evolve to continue promoting pro-consumer innovation in the digital age.
In particular, the report addresses the application of competition rules to platforms and data, and assesses whether European merger control needs to be updated.
The report highlights first the key characteristics of the digital economy, which include extreme economies of scale, important network effects, and the role of data constituting crucial input. These characteristics grant a significant competitive advantage to incumbent players, and renders new market entry very difficult.
Next, the authors present – or reiterate – competition policy's goals and methodology and, while analysing their application to that sector, they found that established concepts, doctrines and methodologies, as well as competition enforcement more generally, should be adapted and refined.
Generally, there should be less emphasis on market definition, shifting the focus to theories of harm and eviction strategies. On the other hand, when "firms compete to draw consumers into [...] ecosystems, markets for specific products or services will persist from a consumer's perspective, and should continue to be analysed separately, alongside competition on (possible) markets for digital ecosystems. Where the firms' lock-in strategies are successful, and consumers find it difficult to leave a digital ecosystem, ecosystem-specific aftermarkets may need to be defined".
When measuring market power, the notion "unavoidable trading power" and access to data are important, even in an apparently fragmented marketplace.
When applying competition rules to platforms, the report identifies two goals: ensuring competition "for" the market (among competing platforms) and competition on a dominant platform (platforms play a form of regulatory role as they determine the rules according to which their users interact).
Regarding the first goal, the authors suggest stricter competition law scrutiny of MFN clauses, ensuring that multihoming and switching of platforms by users is possible. As to the second goal, the authors find that dominant platforms have a responsibility to ensure that the platform's rules do not impede free, undistorted, and vigorous competition without objective justification. Additional behavioural rules may be needed.
When applying competition rules to data, the report points out that the competitiveness of firms increasingly depends on timely access to relevant data. The impact of access to data and its significance for competition must be examined case by case and will depend on the specifics of a given market, the type of data and data usage.
by giving guidance to dominant firms on the (obligation of) granting of access to data.
Finally, with regard to merger control, the report examines the merger control thresholds. It concludes that "it is too early to change the EUMR's jurisdictional thresholds" and suggests monitoring "the performance of the transaction value-based thresholds recently introduced by certain Member States, as well as the functioning of the referral system". As to the substantive merger control assessment, the report proposes a new test that would imply "a heightened degree of control of acquisitions of small start-ups by dominant platforms and/or ecosystems, to be analysed as a possible strategy against partial user defection from the ecosystem".
In conclusion, the report recognizes many of the challenges faced by undertakings in the data economy. The report provides useful insight into the potential enforcement efforts and further research areas of the European Commission. Some useful guidance about the application of competition law to the data economy is set out in the chapters on platforms and merger control. In the area of data, the report presents many interesting ideas, but also raises questions without sufficiently clear guidelines for undertakings. Meanwhile, undertakings have to evolve in an uncertain legal environment.


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Blogs, as has been well documented, are like personal diaries. So, they are akin to the notebook in which I make my daily notes — about meetings, ideas, etc. So, the notebook is a chronological assimilation of my daily life. But what it does not capture is the big picture — the framework in which various events take place. This is where the Outlines come in.
Outlines are like Maps, or a Table of Contents. They provide the overview, the higher-level view of the landscape. The view is at a point of time and keeps evolving. So, for the various things we are working on, we can have Outlines which give an evolved view of our thinking. From the Outlines, the links go into weblogs for the details. The weblogs give the latest picture, what's happening today, but via the outlines one can also navigate to older thinking on different topics. It helps one see how thinking has evolved over time.
Thus, Outlines and Blogs taken together to create a new read-think-write environment. One needs both the "directory" (the outline) as well as the "details" (the blog).


This review gives a summary on current commercial JSF Frameworks that use Ajax to update the website. The frameworks Icefaces, Netadvantage and Quipukit will be compared by analyzing specific components to each other. Moreover, we will give you detailed information about positive and negative impressions and experiences we gained about them during the installation and using them in practice.
First of all, we set a number of requirements our candidates have to meet.
Our nice-to-have feature is the possibility to change the position of items via Drag & Drop.
After that, we are going to compare the phases of installing, building our requirement components and using them on each of our three frameworks.
Our first candidate is ICEfaces from Icesoft. On their website, there are two editions available for download.
The ICEfaces Community Edition is free for development. Questions and help about all kind of problems can be found in their Online Support Center. It includes several forums, a knowledge base and a developer's guide.
The second version is the ICEfaces Enterprise Edition which includes a commercial license and personal support among some other features.
Downloading the ICEfaces package (ca 45 MB) requires a registration on their website. The community edition offers documents, required libraries, a tutorial, code samples and deployable WAR files that can be easily installed by copying the file into Tomcat's webapps directory. The demo application which can be seen on the official website is also available as a WAR file and shows the used code beside in addition to every component.
The tree in Icefaces only supports selection of one single item at a time. Multiple selections with or without a checkbox are not possible. Embedding the object in a table is not realised from the ground on. Thus, you cannot add columns and, therefore, can't insert an additional drop-down menu either. Also, there is no way of getting a nice menu via a right click.
As a child node, you can insert components which you like to use. To add an image next to the text, for example, open a new node using <ice:treeNode> and just add your objects within a panel.
The component we are looking for is similar to the data table in Icefaces. It assists in sorting items column-wise but, unfortunately, there is no easy way of changing the value of a column (not via a double click nor in any other way).
Inserting a data table is as simple as working with the tree.
In Icefaces, it is possible to get a list of solutions with plain text or HTML in the dropdown menu while typing. The same backing bean can be used, only the source in the JSP file is a different one. For a simple autocompletion, you only have to put the correct tag in the JSP code plus a backing bean which sends the necessary data back to the client.
Starting typing in the textbox using the code above, you will see a panel offering all solutions that were found. But this time, you will get an image and a link of the approximated items. So everything is possible with autocomplete in Icefaces.
The company Infragistics provides their product NetAdvantage in several different versions. The edition we use is "NetAdvantage for JSF." The framework also supports other programming languages like .NET, ASP.NET and even Windows Forms.
After a registration, we can download a 30-day trial version of "NetAdvantage for JSF" (19.2 MB). Unlike other frameworks, this one comes with an executable InstallAnywhere installer. The installation of Netadvantage looks like a general setup for applications. After finishing the installation, the files can be found in the directory selected during the setup.
Beside Java sources and documentation, there is also a WAR file to deploy. You can take a look at the JSF source code for every demonstrated component in another tab.
A perfect treetable could not be found, but there are several trees in the demo that support AJAX requests and have an image next to an item like the dynamic and recursive data-binding tree. As to creating a simple tree, Netadvantage is the most comfortable of the three frameworks. However, modifying the component's JSP directly will not work - you will have to edit the Java source codes.
The source is available in the files FileBean.java and FileNodeBean.java.
Whenever a treenode is expanded, an AJAX request is sent to the server asking for data. Finally, the path will be passed to the function private List getFiles(String pathName) and waits for a List with the files and directories which can be found.
The dynamic tree has only one single bean in the file BackingBean.java but is generally better for usage. The recursive databinding example supports only one single ID for each item which will be shown in the tree.
Now with the dynamic tree you have some other attributes including a unique ID that will be generated automatically in the script and a separate value for the text displayed as a tree node. In the demo, all data is initialized at the beginning, so that no items will be requested any more by opening a treenode.
Our list in NetAdvantage is called WebGrid. Especially for sorting the data rows, we can use an integrated listener.There is no single component to edit an entry in realtime, but we can try the "In-Cell Editing." On the other hand, all fields are editable then.
This object is not available in Infragistics NetAdvantage.
QuipuKit Components (2.9 MB) is a full-functional but time-limited version with a built-in license key expiring on September 1st, 2006. It offers all necessary third-party libraries and a Developer's Guide in HTML format.
The second package is Quipukit-Demo (9.6 MB) which comes with a WAR File for deploying. The application is the same demo as you can watch it online. Unfortunately, it does not contain source code in it and the demo does not show any JSF code of the sample components.
And, last but not least, Quipukit-Source (9.2 MB) that includes the required libraries and sources from the demo as examples.
This component has been realized in quite an impressive way. For our needs, it is worth to think about it. You can implement further columns like one which shows us the status of the item. Its rows are selectable and even the entries can be modified on-the-fly with a double-click.
The only point that is missing is the possibility to implement a context-menu which can be opened by a right-click.
What we call list is called a data table in Quipukit. It supports sorting by columns and both single and multiple items can be selected. Multiple selection can be done by clicking on the checkboxes or by holding down the STRG key and clicking at them. There are even more ways of selecting entries with the keyboard than with the mouse.
Unfortunately, the entries can not be modified by a double-click.
Furthermore, you cannot move items to another position via drag & drop.
Although the objects in Quipukit are great, there are still two general components missing.
The Autocomplete feature is not yet built in and a menubar would also be great.
The following table shows whether our requirements are met like we wished to have by each framework in our evaluation. Although some features are likely to be integrated with upcoming versions, this is an overview whether we could use the functionality for our own purposals.
In the end, none of these three frameworks could fully satisfy our wishes with the components treetable, list and autocomplete.
Quipukit and Icefaces are nearly complete functional for us for the tabletree. It can be customized easily and quite fast with all features we need except for one.
The list is average and every framework can be used for it dependable of your own favorite.
Autocomplete is only supported by Icefaces but it is perfect. It is easy to code and it fetches its data using Ajax to keep the internet traffic low.
These three JSF frameworks are just the tip of the iceberg. There are many more Ajax JSF products, some of them also free of course. We wrote an overview about the most popular representatives in this genre and what features they bring along.
The matrix can be found at http://www.jsfmatrix.net/. Please feel free to visit and comment this site.
Dr. Thomas Latka is Training Manager for hybris GmbH. Juergen Kniephoff is Support Engineer for hybris GmbH. hybris supplies software solutions for managing product information and catalogue data as well as for associated e-commerce, e-procurement and database publishing applications.


The scrapkit I am using is my very own I HEART SANTA kit, which you can find at the stores I sell at, there is more info about it HERE.
I used 2 FTU masks by the awesome misfits http://creativemisfitscreations.blogspot.com/ Suzanne's mask HERE and Aqua's mask HERE.
1. Drag and drop mask from Christmas/Winter by Suzanne "winterxmas3" into canvas, go to COLORS>INVERT, LAYER>TRANSPARENCY>COLOR TO ALPHA, duplicate and place between lines. Drag and drop mask from Sparkle/Bling by Aqua "AR315_mask158" and COLORS>INVERT, LAYER>TRANSPARENCY>COLOR TO ALPHA.
element 56- scale to 541 x 539. Right click on layer in layers box and choose ALPHA TO SELECTION go to SELECT>SHRINK by 6 then click on paper 1 in layers box to activate,SELECT>INVERT and EDIT>CLEAR. Merge paper layer into frame layer. Scale the merged layer to 295 x 295 and duplicate. Merge the two layers again and place as shown. Place the two paper 11's behind the frames and merge the papers together, using the fuzzy select tool, hold down shift to click and select BOTH the insides of the frames. Go to SELECT>GROW by 2 then while paper 11 layer is activated in the layers box, go to SELECT>INVERT and EDIT>CLEAR.
element 55- scale to 532 x 546 then using the fuzzy select tool, click within inside of the frame, SELECT>GROW by 8, activate paper 6 layer in layers box, SELECT>INVERT and EDIT>CLEAR.
3. Right click on Suzanne's mask, ALPHA TO SELECTION, make paper 2 layer active in the layers box and go to SELECT>INVERT and EDIT>CLEAR. Delete original mask by Suzanne. Move this paper layer mask to the bottom of the layers box if you haven't done so already.
5. Drag and drop tube of choice, I used the white red headed close up and the green red headed full body. Duplicate the close up, flip the copy then scale the original close up to 192 x 240. Desaturate and colorize the copy of the close up to a red shade. Mode set on multiply. Scale the body to 175 x 587. Place accordingly. For the close up, right click on paper 11 layer ALPHA TO SELECTION and SELECT>INVERT, EDIT CLEAR on tube layer. Don't forget to add the copyright layer. Copyright symbol, artist's name, website and license number if applicable, all should be on your signature tag.
6. I wrote the text in Cooper Black in white, right click, ALPHA TO SELECTION, shrink by 2 and filled with a gold hue. Duplicate that, add noise by going to FILTERS>NOISE>RGB NOISE with settings on correlated, 20/20/20 and 67.
7. Add drop shadows to text, tube, elements and frames. FILTERS>LIGHT & SHADOW> DROP SHADOW settings at 3/3/6 for everything except frames at 0/0/15.


on Tuesday, 24 July 2007, at 3 p.m.
The PRESIDENT invited the Council to consider the draft resolution on the situation of and assistance to Palestinian women, contained in Section B of the report.
Mr. HAYEE (Pakistan) said that Pakistan had introduced the resolution at the fifty-first session of the Commission on the Status of Women in March 2007, where it had received wide support. The resolution expressed concern about the grave situation of Palestinian women in the occupied territories, which resulted from the severe impact of the illegal settlements and unlawful construction of a separation wall. The resolution called for full compliance with the principles and provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the 1949 Geneva Conventions. It also called for the provision of urgently required assistance and services to alleviate the dire humanitarian crisis faced by Palestinian women and their families. He hoped that the resolution would enjoy the support of the Council.
The PRESIDENT said that a vote had been requested on the draft resolution.
The vote was taken by roll-call.
Kazakhstan, having been drawn by lot by the President, was called upon to vote first.
In favour:	Algeria, Austria, Barbados, Belarus, Bolivia, Cape Verde, China, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, El Salvador, France, Germany, Greece, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, Iraq, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Paraguay, Philippines, Portugal, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Thailand, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Against:	Canada, United States of America.
The draft resolution was adopted by 38 votes in favour, 2 votes against and 1 abstention.
Ms. SHESTACK (United States of America), speaking in explanation of vote after the vote, said that while her Government remained concerned about the situation of Palestinian women, it also grieved for the innocent Israelis who had suffered and died as a result of Palestinian terrorist attacks, which went unrecognized in the international community. One-sided resolutions only served to undermine the ability of the United Nations to play a constructive role in furthering the peace that would improve the lot of Palestinian women, and all those involved in the conflict.
Ms. THOMPSON (Costa Rica), speaking in explanation of vote after the vote, said that Costa Rica attached great importance to the rights of all women, and had therefore voted in favour of the resolution. Although Palestinian women were in a particularly dire situation in the occupied territories, United Nations bodies and the international community must strengthen women's rights throughout the world, irrespective of their nationality.
Ms. FURMAN (Observer for Israel) expressed her dismay at the adoption of the resolution, which she said was not universally applicable, and turned a humanitarian issue into a political one, by focusing attention on Palestinian women and promoting unequal standards. Although Israel supported efforts to improve the quality of all women, it did not consider the present resolution appropriate, since it was selective and ignored internal factors in Palestinian society that negatively affected women, as well as ignoring the harmful effects of terrorism and intra-Palestinian violence on Palestinian and Israeli women.
Women from both sides of the conflict were suffering, and efforts were being made to decrease hostilities and renew security, in order to create improved social and economic conditions for all. Selectiveness, such as that demonstrated by the adoption of the resolution, would not assist those efforts.


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The Memorandum of Understanding establishing the Executive Board (EB) and containing the implementing measures of RFC OEM was signed in Luxembourg on 16 June 2011 at TTE Council. The Executive Board is the body responsible for supervision of corridor activity and for defining the general objectives and the framework for capacity-allocation along the corridor. The Executive Board is addressed in case of issues beyond the competence of Infrastructure Managers and Allocation Bodies or when a conflict of interest arises between them.
The RFC-Regulation has since been amended by Annex II of Regulation (EU) No 1316/2013, which has extended the Principal Route of the corridor to Germany (Bremerhaven/Wilhelmshaven/Rostock/Hamburg), and made further extensions in the South Eastern parts of the corridor (Burgas/Svilengrad concerning the Bulgarian and until Patras concerning the Greek part of the RFC).
Taking into account the extension towards Germany a new Executive Board including Germany has been established by signing a MoU replacing the one from 2011 on 5 December 2017.
The Executive Board makes its decisions on the basis of mutual consent of its members.


Event Date: Thursday, May 9, 2019 - Friday, May 10, 2019 Plan on joining us for the 2019 NYSAMSS Annual Conference, May 9 - 10, 2019, at the Albany Marriott, Wolf Road, Albany, NY. Registration will open the evening of May 8th, and we will be hosting a topic-of-interest session followed by the opening night reception.
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text:
Q: Difference in timestamps from Oracle through JDBC I kept the dbtimezone in the Oracle DB(12.2) as '-07:00' and 'America/Los_Angeles' and retrieved a column with 'TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE' which gave me different values. It shows difference of 8 minutes. Please find below the queries.
ALTER DATABASE ORCL SET TIME_ZONE='America/Los_Angeles';

shutdown and startup
create user and create a table with TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE
create table t_ts(id int, ts timestamp with local time zone, tst timestamp with time zone);
insert into t_ts values(1, timestamp '0912-02-29 02:02:10.089', timestamp '0912-02-29 02:02:10.089');

I send a query and got the row using JDBC and it gives me:
ID: 1
Epoch time: -33381730189911
TS: 0912-02-29 01:10:10.089

Now I drop the table and user, and then I set the dbtimezone to '-07:00' and do the same. It gives me different result.
ID: 1
Epoch time: -33381730669911
TS: 0912-02-29 01:02:10.089

I have two questions:
1) How can I disable the daylight saving while bringing the timestamps using JDBC.(The One hour difference is because the given time falls under DST)
2) Why the difference of 8 minutes in time?
JDBC version:
Oracle 12.2.0.1.0 JDBC 4.2 compiled with javac 1.8.0_91 on Tue_Dec_13_06:08:31_PST_2016

My JDBC code is below:
ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from t_ts");
while(rs.next()) {
   System.out.println("ID: " + rs.getInt("id"));
   Timestamp ts = rs.getTimestamp("ts");
   System.out.println("Epoch time: " + ts.getTime());
   System.out.println("TS: " + ts);
}

A: Maybe have a look at IANA Time Zone Database which is also used by Oracle database.
For America/Los_Angeles you see this entry:

From Paul Eggert (2018-03-20):
  Dowd's proposal left many details unresolved, such as where to draw
  lines between time zones.  The key individual who made time zones
  work in the US was William Frederick Allen - railway engineer,
  managing editor of the Travelers' Guide, and secretary of the
  General Time Convention, a railway standardization group.  Allen
  spent months in dialogs with scientific and railway leaders,
  developed a workable plan to institute time zones, and presented it
  to the General Time Convention on 1883-04-11, saying that his plan
  meant "local time would be practically abolished" - a plus for
  railway scheduling.  By the next convention on 1883-10-11 nearly all
  railroads had agreed and it took effect on 1883-11-18.  That Sunday
  was called the "day of two noons", as some locations observed noon
  twice.  Allen witnessed the transition in New York City, writing:
I heard the bells of St. Paul's strike on the old time.  Four
    minutes later, obedient to the electrical signal from the Naval
    Observatory ... the time-ball made its rapid descent, the chimes
    of old Trinity rang twelve measured strokes, and local time was
    abandoned, probably forever.
Most of the US soon followed suit.  See:
  Bartky IR. The adoption of standard time. Technol Cult 1989 Jan;30(1):25-56.
   https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105430
# Rule    NAME    FROM    TO  TYPE    IN  ON  AT  SAVE    LETTER
Rule  CA  1948    only    -   Mar 14  2:01    1:00    D
Rule  CA  1949    only    -   Jan  1  2:00    0   S
Rule  CA  1950    1966    -   Apr lastSun 1:00    1:00    D
Rule  CA  1950    1961    -   Sep lastSun 2:00    0   S
Rule  CA  1962    1966    -   Oct lastSun 2:00    0   S
# Zone    NAME        GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -   LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
          -8:00   US  P%sT    1946
          -8:00   CA  P%sT    1967
          -8:00   US  P%sT

You see before November 18, 1883 time zone America/Los_Angeles was not UTC-08:00 but UTC-07:52 (Time zone offset of UTC consider only Hours/Minutes but no seconds)
When you enter timestamp '0912-02-29 02:02:10.089' into a TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE or TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE column then Oracle actually executes
FROM_TZ(timestamp '0912-02-29 02:02:10.089', SESSIONTIMEZONE)

You entered date 0912-02-29 which is before 1883 but I don't know exactly why you get the difference in the result. Perhaps at certain point Oracle ignores that America/Los_Angeles was not equal to UTC-08:00 before 1883 - one could consider this as a bug.
Anyway, Oracle recommends to set DBTIMEZONE = UTC, anything else does not make any sense in my opinion.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Submitted by Stones on Sat, 12/05/2012 - 11:14
'Bathurst' Class Minsweeper (AMS) - HMAS Armidale
Survival at sea: In the whaler after the sinking of HMAS Armidale in 1942. A personal account by Rex Pullen
I still can't believe I survived the Armidale sinking! After almost 56 years, it's still all a dream! These unbelievable stories from HMAS Armidale in which I was terribly involved seem like chapters from a fairy storybook. But it did happen.
Fate, no doubt, dealt me a good hand when Lieutenant. Palmer called my name to join the whaler crew. I can recall no good reason why he selected me. He scarcely knew me. As I read Frank Walker's book HMAS Armidale: the ship that had to die, I read Lieutenant. Palmer's account of how he chose me to row rather than that he regarded me, as "one who was showing signs of considerable nervous strain and whom he thought might be a danger if left on the raft"! Whichever, I'm still here.
It is now a well-known fact that Armidale sank at 3.15pm on 1st December 1942 after two torpedoes struck her in the port side. A near miss from a bomb didn't help much either.
My action station was loader on the starboard Oerlikon gun. I had watched our gunner, Lou Lyndon, fire at the Zeros as they flew in low to machine-gun the ship. He seemed to be spot on, the tracers seemed to penetrate the planes' windscreens and sides as they flashed over us, but the Japs didn't hesitate. They just kept coming.
I was on the deck, reloading a magazine, when the first torpedo struck. The ship instantly began to heel over to port and I heard Captain Richards' order to abandon ship.
Everyone around me seemed quite calm as though it were an everyday occurrence, with my life jacket (or "blimp") blown up; I walked down the slanting starboard side and jumped into the water. It was a terrible experience. I could see bobbing heads and flailing arms ahead, so set out to join them. I wasn't far from the sinking ship when the second torpedo hit about port midships.
I felt little burning feelings in my legs and later I found tiny pieces of shrapnel sticking in to my skin! I swam on and joined a few blokes, pausing long enough to look back and see Armidale in her last death throes. She was at the perpendicular, with the quarterdeck still above water and the two propellers turning lazily. I swam on and took another look back. All I saw was a boiling mass where Armidale had been.
The Japanese planes continued strafing us as we swam and floundered about in the water. It was at this stage that I learned to hate the Japanese – firing on defenceless people at that stage struggling for survival. My attitude hasn't altered much. Slanty eyes with buck teeth filled with gold! Sneering, smiling, obnoxious little Bastards. After Pearl harbour and the Changi POW Camp, I felt these heathen bastards would do almost anything to perpetrate an atrocity.
For a bloke who had been invited to help make up a water polo team but who declined because of poor swimming ability, I was doing well. I think I passed some water polo players as I put distance between me and where Armidale had been! I really couldn't tell who they were because they were covered in crude oil, black and putrid. So was I!
The Japanese aircraft continued to strafe us as we swam wide of where Armidale had been. We had sense enough not to congregate but scattered about to give less of a target to these heathen bastards. I can't remember if it was only the Zeros that did the strafing or whether they were joined by their Bomber mates. Whatever, it was pretty horrific and cowardly, but as I mentioned before, what else should we expect? The A Bomb!! That should have been dropped much earlier. The Jap law – the only one they knew about – strike first and talk later.
Before our ill-fated voyage, we were tied up alongside a wharf. Leading Seaman "Bumble" Bool suggested that we collect any dunnage lying about the wharf as we returned from shore leave. We would bring this timber aboard and lash it with cordage to the guard rails. ""Bumble" thought this could be handy in an emergency. I recall bringing quite a few super feet aboard and helping to lash it to the guard rail.
Where HMAS ARMIDALE sank (Light Blue Pointer)
Fortunately, during the attack, some persons were near enough to be able to slash the timber free. So, The timber plus the cordage floated freely once Armidale had disappeared. This is for the benefit of those who have read Frank Walker's book and wondered why so much flotsam was available. Bumble's emergency had arrived! And that timber was to play a big part in our survival.
Talk about otters being busy! Flotsam was scattered over a wide area and we set to work to gather it and bring it to a central area, piece by piece. It was hard work but at this stage, except for those who were wounded, we were pretty fit. While some swam and collected, others stayed and built a raft. There was never enough cord or rope, so what we had was unravelled and tied together. There were always repairs to be done to the raft. Nevertheless, there were about 80 who could get some rest on it.
The sun was hellish by day but after sundown and during the night the air was freezing. No wonder we found a few missing at the sunrise roll call. There was no means of keeping warm except exercise. No point in trying to wrap an extra bit of water round our ears to keep warm! Sunshine began to thaw us but soon the heat was too much. As the day progressed, we were hit with pangs of hunger but the lack of something to drink was worse. We were aching all over, having spent most of the first night treading water and repairing the raft. Oh for somewhere to lie down and sleep!
On the second day, it was decided that Captain Richards should take the motorboat with some of the wounded and some fit rowers and head towards our Australian reconnaissance area. So a total of 22 left us, with our blessing, and steered towards Darwin.
We had found the whaler but it was submerged and floating just below the water line. I guess it was kept afloat by buoyancy tanks. Overnight, we had taken turns with our legs suspended in the whaler, using our life jackets to keep us afloat. The scenery above water was pretty miserable, only heads mostly covered in oil which gradually dried up as the sun boiled down. I was one of the unfortunates who had requested to grow a beard when we learned we were going to be stationed "up north", so as well as mattered hair. I'd gathered enough oil on my beard for a day's steaming! The oil was filthy and stinking and made it difficult to recognise anybody.
We organised a shark watch! Those who were unable to help with the raft because they were wounded would hold their head under water for as long as possible. If a shark were spotted in the clear water, we would all splash the water in an attempt to frighten the creature off. This worked well during the daylight hours but at night we simply had to take a chance.
Hunger! Thirst! Still no planes looking for us! The situation looked hopeless. Another cold and fearful night, followed by yet another hellish day. Day 3 brought no searching planes and no joy. We came to the conclusion that the Skipper hadn't been found yet and we were really down in the dumps.
Day 4 - and it was a very significant one back at the raft. It was decided that an effort should be made to salvage the whaler. Apparently, Lieutenant. Palmer and Leading Seaman Bool had discussed how we were to do it.
The stern of the whaler was badly damaged with a big hole just at the water line and above! Lieutenant. Palmer detailed enough sailors around the whaler and they were to swim alongside the sunken boat and point the damaged stern at the raft. Other hands were detailed to stand, sit, or whatever on the edge of the raft at which the whaler was pointed.
The weight of bodies depressed the edge of the raft to below the keel of the whaler. With a final effort, the whaler crew pushed the sunken boat as far on to the makeshift raft as possible. At a given order, the raft crew jumped back into the water. The rising raft acted ass a lever and lifted the stern of the whaler, thus spilling some of the water from it.
Above: HMAS Armidale
Above: Cut-away view of a 27' Clinker Built Whaler - Weight = 1 Ton
Two steel helmets appeared from somewhere and there were given to two smaller men who had the job of baling which they did and did well. Being small, they took up less room in the whaler. Naturally each helmet full of water taken from the whaler lightened it. As many as could were ordered to blow up life jackets as tightly as possible and surround the whaler. These men had to lift with all their strength while swimming with the boat. It was a long and painful operation but, centimetre by centimetre, we were winning. Finally, with most of the small holes plugged with pieces of rag and clothing, we had the boat up on the raft – or floating dock – and almost dry.
This was accomplished through sheer determination, grit and strength of character which I like to think related to young healthy Australians – if not today, then it did in the days of my youth. It must be remembered that in the 80-90 hours since Armidale went down, we had practically no food or water and had suffered badly from heat in daylight hours and from cold at night. Someone described our flesh as "tripe-looking". The continual submergence was having its unpleasant effect. The coral dust was penetrating broken flesh and ulcers were the result. The occasional rubbing of bodies against bodies or flotsam brought cries of pain. We were a weird-looking mob. In my case, I recall that the mattered oil in my beard and hair was cruelly uncomfortable. However, we worked on with no thought of giving up until we had the bigger holes in the whaler patched and plugged. When she was finally floated again, the intake of water was controlled by baling with the two helmets.
Floating again on the water, the whaler gave indescribable relief as we each were given a turn to rest our weary bodies. At this stage whilst resting in the whaler, I first realised that time was taking its toll. No food or water to speak of was quite evident. I was looking into faces covered in despair – and oil – and the eyes were sinking back into their sockets. I was pleased I couldn't see my oil sodden bewhiskered face – the clean-shaven blokes were bad enough.
That night we continually changed from treading water to a turn at sitting in the whaler. But the baling continued: it was a never-ending race to keep the water out.
Lieutenant. Palmer discussed the bleak situation with us next morning – the 5th day – and we all believed that the motor boat hadn't been sighted or something worse had happened to it. It was readily agreed that he (Palmer) should take as many of the strongest sailors in the whaler and head for Darwin. Perhaps if the skipper hadn't been lucky, then Palmer and his crew might be. It was worth a try.
Then Lieutenant. Palmer chose the 28 others to make up the 29 who would fit in the whaler. He was the only person who was capable of steering a course to Darwin. As stated earlier, I was selected but I don't know why. I hope that Lieutenant. Palmer had some hope in me as a rower!
The scene at the raft was not a pleasant one as we said a tearful cheerio to our mates. I became very worried at the time when we rowed out of sight of the raft folk. Was I deserting my mates? Was there a hope that could be sighted? Could help eventually be sent to the raft? These thoughts still haunt me. And I'll never know the answer. I will never know exactly what those of the raft were thinking.
Never look back – isn't that what we've been taught? Well, we settled down to a steady rhythm and set our hopes on reaching Darwin. Progress was slow because with only one whaler oar plus half a dozen smaller and makeshift ones, it was difficult to keep the boat on course. As I looked around the whaler with its holes all plugged and a huge repair in the stern, I realised that we were nearly "up the creek without a paddle". What a mess, just because a bloke in Darwin had said "Air attack is to be accepted as ordinary, routine, secondary warfare" On even terms, yes but in the case of Armidale, what a load of codswallop! I wished that same fellow could have been sitting on one of these thwarts with us and his behind was becoming more chafed with the continual sliding across the thwart as pressure was put on the oar and his broken blisters were turning into tropical ulcers because of the infestation of the coral dust! It's a cruel world at times
Imagine 29 men in a boat 27 feet long, probably 10 trying to row, 2 baling, and 17 others trying not to get in the way of the workers. Imagine lying on the bottom of the whaler in water 6 inches deep, the legs and feet of rowers continually brushing or rubbing your body and the tin hats of the balers spilling down your festered body! Not a nice picture. Not a good story but very true. How much can the human body stand? I guess we had some sleep but I can't remember ever waking up. The night was bitterly cold again but at least as we took our turn at rowing or baling we were able to keep a little warmth in our body.
Bill Lampshade used his pusser's knife to cut up some floorboards. He then used the knife to extract a screw or two from the boat. He eventually screwed the boards together and fashioned a tiller which helped to keep us on a straighter course.
Day 6 and the motor boat mob was picked up by HMAS Kalgoorlie but of course we didn't know this at the time.
Day 6 for the whaler crew was, if anything, worse than Day 5. Of course, we were quickly using up our energy and our sores were getting worse. Even to hold the oar was an effort with our cracked, swollen and festering hands. How long could we last? This too was the day of the Pacific Gull which obligingly landed on an extended oar, As the oar was gently pulled into the boat, the bird stayed very still until it was within grabbing distance. Then it realised that it still had wings and flew off. Later, it returned to the oar we offered but again flew off just as we were about to grab it. I can remember that, had it been caught, we'd have eaten it, feathers and all!! Today, 56 years on, what a terrible thought!
Another freezing night! It was always better to be rowing at night. Our behinds were getting so ulcerated that it was agony to try and sit as we rowed. Our progress was slowing. A tired body with skin peeling from sunburn is not much value in this situation.
By this stage, clothes were freely given to make sails which we tied together and hoisted on a long oar, hoping to catch any draught that happened along. Of course, some sailors were in a seriously weakened condition and were offered extra clothing to help keep cold out and to prevent the sun from fiercely burning them. Some of us were still offering prayers for help and our thanks for survival to this date. In our position, praying was easier than rowing!
Day 7 came and now I'm confused because I think this was the day of the Gull! However, it doesn't matter much. The bottle of water was found to be empty, Someone stated to Frank Walker that the water was stolen from the lemonade bottle, Whoever told the story stated that two men were responsible and that everyone knew who it was. I disagree. I didn't know who had taken the water and the storyteller didn't either. But because two men were sitting near it, they got the blame. One was my friend and I wouldn't believe he'd do such a thing. In fact, I know he wouldn't! No-one was seen to do it. Anyone could have been responsible, Most of us were going bonkers and wouldn't have been responsible for our actions. As far as I'm concerned, It's a mystery and will remain that way.
On this day we'd become accustomed to being hungry and lack of food wasn't much of a problem. But, thirst was a different matter. Tongues were swelling and we needed water. We were all craving for liquid, preferably water. Thirst added to the torments of ulcers, broken skin, swollen joints. We were so desperate that we caught the little bit of urine we could muster in a rusty bully beef tin and tried to drink it. Not a lot of luck but at least it moistened our mouth and helped to delay the swelling of our tongue. It was terrible! Disgusting – but life is sweet! Ugh! The less we think about this, the better.
We battled on. The least little thing would start an argument. We were skinny and terrible to look at, ribs well to the fore and the oil in our hair and whiskers had dried out and was brittle and bent our hair into strange shapes. I didn't think it was possible to live in these conditions. Attempts to swim ashore were common and the offenders were dealt a heavy whack and were often knocked out for the count of 10! On regaining common sense, the offender would return to his usual calm and would settle down. It was a shocking time.
Sharks and sea-snakes were still with us and the occasional bloke who went over the side was quickly pulled back aboard.
I think on the eighth day our prayers were heard and answered. The sky clouded over early in the day and squalls narrowly missed us. But in the end a light rain fell and it was the most wonderful feeling to find it splashing lightly on our bodies. We were ready for this happening. With deflated life jackets we were able to catch sufficient water for each man to have a reasonable drink and still have a few pints in reserve. Some had split their life jacket open and caught the run-off in them. Wonderful water! The filthy old urine tin came in handy – a bit on the nostril but who cared? This drink seemed to give us new life. Even the pain from the ulcerated behinds seemed to vanish. Our spirits were up and it was "Look out Darwin, here we come!"
It was at this stage that I was dubbed "Ordinary Seaman Pullen with the radio-location ears". I thought I heard and aircraft and shouted for silence. But no-one else could hear it. I stuck to my guns and said an aircraft was near. Everyone searched high and low for a plane. I was sure it was getting closer and eventually others heard it too. A few minutes later, not only could we hear the plane but it hove into sight.
Lieutenant. Palmer asked for calm. There was no sense in having put up with days of hell to find that we had broken up our friend the whaler through sheer undisciplined behaviour. It was a Catalina flying boat and it headed towards us. But it turned away from us and disappeared. Presently it returned and this time flew over us and around us. Signal lamps blinked from the plane and the message was received by our signalman. Answer was returned by semaphore. As the plane circled round us, it dropped a bundle into sea. We paddled toward the bundle and found it to be a blanket. Inside the blanket was a note which said "Your captain is safe. We have found the raft. Dropped them all our food and water and now we are returning to Darwin to send out a ship for you."
At this moment Lieutenant, Palmer realised there was no point in continuing to row. The Catalina crew had noted the exact bearing where we were, so why move away? The ship would come to us. We were told to stop rowing. Had our prayers been answered? Definitely.
The effort over the past few days had been well rewarded. Suddenly we realised that our work was done except for the balers. So, the two hats were passed around the fittest of us and the never-ending baling continued. We simply couldn't allow the volume of water to increase inside the whaler.
What amazed us was the most of the time since Armidale had been sunk, the weather had been good and the seas calm. At the time we were sighted, the water was too rough for the Catalina to put down on the sea!
We knew we'd have to settle down for at least one more night and we did just that as gently as possible. No bodies were ever more broken that the 29 inmates of the whaler. It was simply impossible to get into a comfortable and painless position. So the night passed, long and cold and very painful – and with no rowing to occupy our minds or the warm our bodies. A turn or two at baling and the sun came up again to mercilessly burn us – burn upon burn!
Daylight and still no ship to be seen but surely rescue was getting closer! Not long after, a plane appeared – a Hudson bomber – soon to the followed by more Hudsons. Have you ever seen grown men cry? What a pathetic scene.
This was 13 Squadron of Hudson Bombers. They flew over us, dropping parcels of food. Sharks or no sharks, we were over the side, attempting to rescue as much as we could. Four-gallon tins of water were dropped and it was a struggle to get a couple into the whaler – we were so weak. Eventually we had rescued as much as our weak bodies would allow so we set about having a feed and plenty of water.
What a change had come over us. Most of us were laughing and joking as if we were just out on a training run on the bay. Tucker and water! You bloody beauty! There was also a message from 13 squadron. "Merry Christmas, Boys. 13 Squadron takes off their hats to you, even though you nearly shot us down." They referred to an incident which occurred about the second morning after we had left Darwin. Thirteen Squadron approached us from directly ahead and just above water level. A sitting duck for our 4-inch gun! We signalled for identification but they ignored us. By this time, our gun was trained on them and the order to fire was given. Instantly, these planes – about 9 of them – spread out like a huge fan and signal lamps quickly blinked out that they were friends. This was possibly the only decent shot the gun crew ever got in!
More food and another note was picked up. "a corvette will pick you up in about 3 hours. We have given it a course to steer."
HMAS Kalgoorlie hove in sight right on time. She hove to and we rowed alongside to her scrambling nets and were soon helped aboard by wonderfully kind crew members.
Our legs were like strips of liquorice and we had to be carried in to the mess deck where lovely hot soup or stew was being issued to survivors -–for surely that's what we were now! The sheer luxury of Kalgoorlie's mess decks was only bettered by their showers. After a feed or as much food as we could manage, each one of us was carried to the showers where we sat or knelt on the deck while Kalgoorlie sailors helped us clean ourselves up. Boy, oh boy! – soap and hot water! What a combination! What a luxury!
You won't believe that we were no sooner back on the mess deck when the "Action Stations" alarm was sounded! I must say that my confidence was tested. However, one shot from Kalgoorlie was the only bit of action! A Jap bomber had sighted the ship but kept its distance and then flew away.
It was then that I realised my glands on the left side of my neck were extremely swollen. Up until now I hadn't noticed but suddenly I was in great pain Only a bit more pain really. We were all chocka with pain from the top of the head to the tips of our toes.
We enjoyed a good sleep as Kalgoorlie conveyed us to Darwin and the hospital where we were united with the Captain and his mob from the motor boat. I must admit that I have very little recollection of our arrival. I think I may have headed for "Fantasy Island". I have been told that Commodore Pope lined us up on the wharf and spoke a few words of welcome. I can't help but think he'd rather we'd been lost at sea. Our arrival didn't help him much.
I forgot to mention that Lieutenant-Commander Litchfield – Kalgoorlie's skipper – asked whether we would like the whaler to be brought back as a museum piece. "Yes please" was our definite answer. The Kalgoorlie crew brought two strops and put them under and round our whaler and brought it to the mine-sweeping winch. They began to lift it out of the water but, before they could bring it inboard, this beaut boat which had saved 29 men simply broke up into matchwood. We were very disappointed but we realised just how close we'd been to Death's door over the last few days!
Now back to Darwin. We were taken to the hospital where we met the Skipper's motor boat men. It was made known to us that the raft and its mob couldn't be located. They had vanished/ and to this day, nothing is known of what happened to them. Their disappearance after being sighted is a compete mystery.
We were warned that we must not speak about Armidale's loss! We Were almost treated as suspects, as though we had purposely sunk the ship.
I was put in what I termed "the fattening pen". The other survivors were in a big ward but I was later taken to the "fattening pen". It was about 8' x 6' with a single bed. The walls were only mosquito or fly wire. I think I was there because I had "suppuration of the glands". I didn't think it was infectious but it was sore. Whilst on this subject, I will tell you that within a few days the doctor and his team of heavyweights took me to another room, hardly a theatre threw a hunk of cotton wool over my nose and began pouring chloroform on the cotton wool. I thought 29 rotten blokes in a whaler stunk but they were as eau de cologne" compared to this muck. Eventually I lost the battle and wafted away into never-never land. During my spell in that land. " The bloke" opened the glands and cleaned them up. After much vomiting and saying a few words about the parentage of the doc and his mob, I arrived back at normality. I must say that life was more pleasant without that "gunk".
It was wonderful to be safe and sound in Darwin and particularly in the hospital. We were treated well there and the bed was very cosy. No more sun to burn by day nor the chilli air to freeze us by night. Plus, of course, the essentials to look like normal humans. One by one we were sent to various hospitals to do the more serious operation. One thing I will never understand is why Ted Morley – the bloke with his jaw shot away – wasn't flown out much more quickly than he was. Ted was flown out from Darwin six days after being admitted. He was to be operated on in Brisbane only to find he had to continue to Sydney before major operations to get his jaw repaired.
As for me, my cousin Chief Petty Officer Keith Pullen was stationed at HMAS Melville. When Keith heard I was in Darwin Hospital, he came at the double. What a champion bloke with a great sense of humour. I was on a very strict diet. You'd have thought the hospital staff was trying to take weight off instead of fattening me. I had lost two and a half stone in the ten days since Armidale went down. Now, Keith sussed the joint out and realised he could visit me about 6 O'clock each night. He'd arrive with a small tin of preserved peaches plus a small tin of Nestles cream, both opened. He'd enter the fattening pen and take up his position behind the door. He'd then tip the cream into the can of fruit and hand it to me with a spoon. I quickly shovelled the fruit down my throat and gave everything back to Keith. Then he'd disappear and destroy the evidence! Thus he assured me of more years to follow! Great stuff! I have always said that Keith was the bloke who saved my life and I meant it.
During my stay in hospital. I saw the Red Cross once and they gave me a washer and soap, toothbrush and toothpaste, even though I had no teeth. When I suggested some clothes, they told me I'd be kitted out when I got the Melbourne! I must admit that I had a pair of shorts, a shirt and a pair of shoes which the kind crew of Kalgoorlie had handed me. I was still wearing them when I reached Melbourne weeks later! They must have been on the nose by then!
I could continue this saga but enough is enough! What has always amazed me is the crook treatment and the bad press we Armidaleans received from the Navy – this navy which I really loved took until 1992 – 50 years after the event – to forgive us and hand out a bouquet or two. Our wonderful Skipper, Lieutenant-commander Richards, wasn't given another command, but Lieutenant Whitting who lay wounded in the motor boat was given command of another corvette – HMAS Colac, I think.
Above - LCRD David Richards, RAN, CO HMAS ARMIDALE
In conclusion, I would like to make the point that, over a period of 56 years, my memory may have slipped a cog or two. However, as I read through this account, I am confident that what I've recorded is about spot-on. No doubt each survivor has his particular story to tell but mine is full of admiration for the tenacity and sheer determination of those concerned to survive and try to get help for our mates on the raft. History will tell that we accomplished what we set out to achieve but the sad part is that the raft and its occupants disappeared the day after the RAAF had reported finding them. For us, that was a sad conclusion to what in other respects was a successful mission.
Must Read - Click here Not shunned by the Navy – the strange story of HMAS Armidale's Commanding Officer - Lieutenant Commander Richards By former Naval Officer, Historian and Author Dr Tom Lewis, OAM.
Above: HMAS Castlemaine (AMS) sister ship of Armidale - now a
floating Museum at Williamstown, Victoria.
Reproduced with the kind permission of Rex Pullen
with a special thank you to Chief Petty Officer David
Youell, Recruit Training School Instructor, HMAS Cerberus.


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text:
Kevin Creighton
Qui Bono?
Concealed carry lifestyle
My good friend and mentor Michael Bane recently talked about the evolution of the shooting sports. His contention (which sounds about right) is that all the shooting sports eventually evolve into something that the customer wants, rather than what the founders of the sport want. For example, IPSC started out as a way for Jeff Cooper to test the merits of one gun versus another. However, the first practitioners of that sport turned into an obstacle course with pistols. It's then further evolved to a different sport, but it did so because the people who were shooting it wanted to have fun at the range, and not set themselves up against the ultimate tactical challenge.
If shooting sports evolve towards the needs of the consumer, then it stands to reason firearms training should as evolve towards the desires of the consumers as well. Except that's not the case. Training hasn't evolved towards the needs of the consumer in a significant way. It is still stuck in the four day, 800 round $1000+ class mode at worst, or the one day, 5000 rounds, $300 dollar and up mode at best. Thus we have the 1% paradox, in that only 1% of gun owners get any significant training.
For the other 99%, it's not a question of a Givens class or an Ayoob class or Gunsite. Rather, it's a question of "Should I go out to the range or go paddle boarding this weekend? Should I take a 4 hour long, $150 class and use up 300 rounds of my precious ammo, or go play golf with my buddies, spend $100 of tee fees and beers, and have a good time?" For most people, it's the latter. Most trainers don't incentivize classes as fun or create classes that require a small investment in money and time. There are a few, but we need more.
And hopefully, I'll be one of those few. I'm rolling out a series of six short-form pistol classes for the people in my community. Each is just two hours long, costs just $60 per person, uses only one box of ammo and focuses on just one skill. The first class, the Concealed Carry Draw, will be in October, and future classes will cover topics like increased speed and accuracy, home defense scenarios, dry fire, etc.
Will it work? I think it well. If not, I'll try something else.
Chas Clifton says:
You plan sounds viable to me. Something between "the minimum you need to qualify for a CCW permit" and "I want to be an operator."
Rants And Random Thoughts
Everything on this page (and indeed, the rest of the site as well) represents my opinions and perspectives and does not necessarily reflect the views of my employer or that guy on the street corner panhandling for change.
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The basic concern about the battery of a PDA is the way the PDA is actually treated. It should not be allowed to completely drain, if this does happen all information and data that is on the PDA will be lost. The PDA actually goes back to the manufacture state when you first purchased it in a sense. With this in mind, you should probably charge your battery at night just as you would say your cell phone. Or dock it with the computer, not allowing it to synchronize with the computer. If it tries to synchronize with your computer all you have to do is make sure you hit cancel and the PDA will simply sit on the docking station and charge.
Most PDA's will also charge the battery while docked. Sometimes with different brands of PDA's however this is not possible at all. They indeed have to charged by using an alternate cord that plugs into a wall outlet. These cords usually come with the PDA at the time of purchase. If the PDA happens to get laid in a water spill or something of this sort, it can definitely damage the battery.
The PDA should be wiped off immediately and in some case possibly taken to a computer repair place to be checked out. Some PDA's as they get used and older tend to lose their battery charge sooner than when you first purchased the PDA. This being the case, you can purchase another battery; however depending on where you get the battery from, it could get expensive. In some cases your battery might be under warranty. Usually however, the manufacturer doesn't warranty the battery for a long period of time. This also happens if the PDA is used quite often and the PDA battery is constantly being charged. Several times a day and such, with this in mind to maintain good battery performance, check the settings on your PDA. This way when you are using your PDA there are settings that allow you to minimize the battery use. Such as the light going off if the PDA isn't used after a few minutes. Or the PDA shutting off automatically after an mp3 has played.
Most PDA's have a light or signal letting you know the battery is low, the same as your desktop computer would do, it is then you should charge your PDA and not wait until it has almost totally lost its charge, just in case you do fail to get it on charge and the battery life goes completely out. Remember, if this happens all data and information stored in the main memory of the PDA is permanently lost. You cannot get it back. Something to definitely keep in mind when charging and maintaining the battery life in your PDA. However, in the case that a battery is not holding a charge at all and needs to be replaced you can purchase another one for your PDA. You will need the model number which is usually located on the battery somewhere or the PDA itself. Batteries can be expensive, and normally used batteries are not offered for sale.