text:
Simplexity
Jason Hoelscher
EXHIBITION RELEASE
House of Wren presents Simplexity, a solo exhibition celebrating the sublime minimalism of Jason Hoelscher's geometric abstract paintings. Hoelscher combines a lifetime of iconographic and logotypic training via mass media and corporate design with a hyper-developed systematic approach to his medium.
Born from Benjamin Moore interior latex paint, Hoelscher's intrepid works represent his determination to challenge the brevity of today's society and culturally conditioned eye. Each painting delivers an intense aesthetic experience meant to vex the standard judgment in its true description. In a world of decorative disappearance, Hoelscher's compositions remove the neurosis and recode our understanding of color, shapes and meaning.
Simplexity erases the expectations of paint as an analog medium and playfully explores the possibilities of its visual arrangement. The complex ideas of the artist are read through the various titles and shapeshifting nature of the works as they begin to swell and relate tangentially to op art, patterns and ratios.
Hoelscher's own discourse of complexity and simplicity is brought to the surface in what he calls short attention span paintings for short attention span culture. The artist's concept of paint as a slow medium in in a fast culture brings a dynamism to his work while achieving maximal impact with minimal input. The apparently mild interface of his canvases are contrasted with bold shapes, subtle texture and at times, a shimmer of differentiation or metallic pigmentation.
Drawing from themes of computer science, chaos theory, network systems and more, Hoelscher captures these complex topics in the simple task of painting. Through mathematical finesse and material refinement, the canvases convey the interplay of technology and humanity.
Operating under the conviction that a work of art should be fully present enough in its moment to reward a viewer's immediate and intensive focus, Hoelscher's paintings come from an awareness that society's time and attention given to art objects is often fleeting.
Building on this idea, Hoelscher constructs subtly complex, bare-minimal hybrids of abstract depth entwined with activated flatness. The effect is blunt and to the point, yielding art for an era losing track of its speeds and slownesses. Working in the spaces between modernist abstraction, logo design, and networks of information technology, the artist complicates our understanding of the digital era by using canvas and paint to explore how attention operates in the cultural context of screenspace.
Having studied at Rocky Mountain College of Art and Design, earned his MFA in painting from Pratt Institute, pursued his PhD with additional work that lead him through MIT, Hoelscher is as much of an academic as he is painter.
FURTHER IMPRESSIONS
SCOPE MIAMI BEACH
NATURALLY EVOLVING
Art Palm Springs
New Anatomy


WASHINGTON – Under political fire from Democrats on Iraq and with troops being attacked on an almost daily basis, President Bush will speak to the nation tomorrow night about how he plans to win the peace.
"Bush wants to talk to the American people about the war on terror and challenges in Iraq and what's going to be required and what the plan is and why we must be successful, "said White House spokeswoman Suzy DeFrancis. The president's speech is a potential high-stakes turning point as he seeks to regain control of the Iraq debate – and make the case that toppling Saddam Hussein has made America safer and is a vital part of the war on terror that began on 9/11 and marks its second anniversary on Thursday.
"All along, this president has felt he has a responsibility to continually update the people about the war on terror – it is an ongoing war and Iraq reached a stage . . . where it may be a critical time to go to the American people," DeFrancis said.
One reason this is a critical time for Bush to speak to Americans, she said, are "a number of direct attacks" – those on U.S. troops and the U.N. headquarters have made Americans jittery and fueled questions about the war.
Bush consulted with his national security team while on a month-long vacation at his Texas ranch and decided on Aug. 26 that he wanted to speak to the American people, she said, adding he picked Sunday after consulting with members of Congress.
"The president needs to get his story out – he's getting beat up in the press every day because the people attacking him are the ones who are getting all the coverage," said Republican pollster John McLaughlin.
During Bush's August vacation, his team did little to counter critics, explain why Iraq is vital or reassure Americans that other nations like Poland really are helping.
Sunday night is considered an ideal time to speak to Americans when they are most relaxed and receptive – just back from the weekend and not yet in the rush-rush mode of weeknight worries over work and kids' schools.


text:
package io.quarkus.smallrye.openapi.deployment.spi;

import io.quarkus.builder.item.SimpleBuildItem;
import io.smallrye.openapi.api.OpenApiDocument;

/**
 * The final OpenAPI Document as generated by the Extension.
 */
public final class OpenApiDocumentBuildItem extends SimpleBuildItem {

    private final OpenApiDocument openApiDocument;

    public OpenApiDocumentBuildItem(OpenApiDocument openApiDocument) {
        this.openApiDocument = openApiDocument;
    }

    public OpenApiDocument getOpenApiDocument() {
        return openApiDocument;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Psyllaephagus lusitanicus is een vliesvleugelig insect uit de familie Encyrtidae. De wetenschappelijke naam is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1921 door Mercet.

lusitanicus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This article provides the information about items that can be used in our Windows 10 Apps Ribbon and Toolbar controls. Items in different controls have different names, but provide a similar functionality.
A regular button. Specify the icon displayed within the button using Icon property.
A check box button that allows users to select between two (checked and unchecked) states. Set the IsThreeState property to true to enable the third (indeterminate) check state.
Enables end-users to select a predefined color or pick any color using the RGB color model.
Allows end-users to select predefined items from a dropdown list.
Allows end-users to specify the font settings.
Displays a list of gallery items within a Ribbon or in a dropdown and provides menu functionality.
Represents a button that can be selected by the end-user. Paired with other radio buttons, enables end-users to select a single option from a group of choices.
Enables your end-users to edit numeric values by typing and using spin buttons.
Consists of two buttons – a regular button and a dropdown button that invokes a flyout.
Allows end-users to switch between two states. Set the IsThreeState property to true to enable the third (indeterminate) state.


text:
Q: ScrollView over the tabhost I am creating a page that has tabhost (main) and each tabweight also has tabhost (child) but when I put  tabhost (child) inside scrollview its scroll works fine but it start from below the tabweight not from top of the page. I also try
         sView.fullScroll(ScrollView.FOCUS_UP);

But page always load from below the tabweight.
Its screenshot like this when open MyDiet tab.

But I want it open like this

Suggest me any idea.
Thanks In advance.

A: You should give a little bit top margin of the layout:-

like as:-
< LinearLayout android:layout_marginTop="5dp"
>
i think this will work. If still problem then you  should send your xml code.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Isn't it always the same…when you're looking to buy something you can never find it in quite the right style, shape colour? And then, when you least expect it, something perfect throws itself at your feet?!
Ugly sofa too – don't worry, it's not permament!
One of the exciting things about our new project here in Bexhill is that we get to furnish it too! When we set up our home in Spain it was relatively easy as we both already had furniture and we merged, purged and started making new memories. Here we had nothing. Starting from scratch is fun. Not starting anew though as we are both agreed that we like buying second hand, preloved, vintage, antique and car boot bargains. Clearly car boot bargains cost less than antiques, but they give us just as much pleasure. Half the fun is restoring, cleaning, seeing the potential.
The property is part of what would have been an Edwardian Family "Villa". This means it was built around 1903, from what we can tell, and whilst we don't intend to live in the past completely….we need a decent oven, tv and internet for goodness sake…some older touches will also work well.
Dashing around the other day I popped into a local shop which deals with House Clearances. Some of the stuff they have is junk, some is clearly high quality and very much loved (and priced) antique furniture. And some of it falls between the two. I spotted a wrought iron standard lamp with a very ugly pink lampshade. It spoke to me. Really, it did. I could hear a most refined Edwardian Lady reclining in the bay window of her drawing room on a chaise longue saying "Pray, take this lamp stand home. Clean it, love it and it will add some much needed elegance to your home. Oh, and your hair could do with a brush…standards are slipping".
So we haggled a little and the bemused owner helped me put it into the car with the back window down so that it would fit and off to House Number 2 I drove where Big Man was impatiently waiting for me to arrive with a bag of masonry nails.
It was dingy brown and I had planned to clean it and paint it black and then buy a new lampshade. So I cleaned it and underneath all the grease and grime it was a beautiful cream colour. Then I popped out to the supermarket and was waylaid in another House Clearance shop (I know now where all the good ones are) and found a perfect sized lampshade in a gold colour and once more turned up at House Number 2 with nothing for dinner but an unexpected bargain that I wore on my head for extra effect.
Then I rummaged in a bag of goodies given to me my Best Friend's sister who is downsizing and used to make costumes for shows, curtains, clothes and found some beautiful lace and a strip of beading. Two evenings later it was done and I heard my Edwardian Lady murmur in approval "Beautiful my dear, very elegant indeed. But your hair could still do with a good brush".
Ignore her…I'm sure your hair is fine. What a fabulous find. The trim is the perfect finishing touch!
How funny – and how lovely to have had a lamp made. Family history is so fascinating….you'll have to share some of it with us.
Espectacular! Me encanta tu lampara!
Cuando termines con amueblar tu casa,espero en un Post adecuado….
Gracias Giovanna – aunque todavía no tenemos ni cocina ni cuarto de baño lo estoy pasando muy bien pensando en los muebles!
I love the legs on the lamp! Great find.
I'll get on the case!
Look at you! Chica Andaluza: Restorer of Houses, Lamps, and (I'm sure) Furniture. Nope that's not it. I need to work on your title for this one says nothing of your superior skills in the kitchen. I'll figure it out but, in the meantime, let me applaud the results of your latest project. Your lamp looks great, Tanya!
Great lamp – and well done with the restoration! My dad used to make decorative wrought iron work in his spare time (when that was I never worked out!) and we had lamps, occasional tables and plant holders aplenty.
I hope you are able to really enjoy the flat (and lamp) for a very long time. And enjoy making your hair messy!
How wonderful that you had beautiful things around the home made by your dad. We are so looking forward to enjoying the flat for many years and sharing it with our loved ones.
North Portobello Road is still good on Fridays, though it's a bit of a trek from the South Coast.
Ooh now there's a thought but a bit of a hike…tempting though!
Gracias – he disfrutado hacer algo "creativo"!
It didn't take me long to start using all those lovely things you gave me!
Have been scrolling back and forth and simply cannot find the photo of the beautiful old/new shade atop your head when you arrived home! One was taken surely 🙂 ! Jokes aside – a lovely find!
That photo is for the "Family" Album!
Oh, how fun to be able to start furnishing a house "from scratch"!
I know, I'd forgotten just how much fun it is!
Ah, thanks! Not my usual taste but am going with what the house tells me!
Love your lamp – and the beaded fringe you put on the shade!
Ooh I'd missed them too. More from the point of view that in Spain charity shops and second hand shops are a rarity. My dad has tried to ban my mum from going to them as she always comes back with something and their house is bursting at the seams!
What fun you are Tanya! I love spotting treasures amongst the dusty clutter of others' discards. You've made yourself something quite fine out of the old lady's garishly-shaded lamp! Love the touch of the trim – it seems perfect – and the warm glow from that golden shade! And never mind about the hair – it suits you to be free!
Thanks Spree – I have certainly been "free" the last few months glamour wise but hey, there's always summer in the sun for that!
Sounds like the way we furnished our summer cottage in Maine…a little new and a little that needed some TLC. Great job on the lamp.
Yes, a good mix of old and modern with a lot of love thrown in!
Thank you so much, too kind! And big congratulations to you on being honoured!
You're right Barbara, if you're looking for a lamp you just can't find one…this one found me!
Great lamp, and you *know* I'm all about second hand (even to the extent of dumpster diving (tip diving?)) and the recycle/repurpose/reuse thing! Sweet!
Oh yes, dumpsters (skips, we call them, what a funny name) are great for finding treasures!
My thoughts exactly, glad we are on the same wavelength!
I know what you mean, I think the wrought iron is a reminder of the Andalucian windows!


text:
@interface SFGameSingleton : SFGameObject {
	//a singleton class based on the game object
}

+(SFGameSingleton**)getGameSingletonPointer;
//points to the singleton pointer allowing easy subclassing
//note that this should only ever be implemented by the
//immediate descendant of the singleton base class (that is, that you want to be unique)
+(void)cleanUp;
@end


In the spirit of it still being January and I know everyone is still trying to stick to their New Year Resolution of going to the gym, here are the top 10 affordable workout brands to buy for your gear!
Avia – You can shop this brand at Walmart or directly from their website avia.com. I know saying Walmart steers a lot of people way from buying things, but it's actually cute and affordable.
RBX – I first discovered this brand at TJ Maxx and Marshall in their activewear section. RBX is also available on their site, rbxactive.com. It's actually cheaper to pick up their clothing from TJ Maxx or Marshall's. Sometimes RBX has a sale going on, which makes the clothes just as less pricey if you were to get them from TJ Maxx/Marshall's.
Balance Collection – This is also another brand I've found at TJ Maxx. This brand can also be found at Nordstrom Rack and is a really good brand for Yoga.
HEAD – HEAD can be ordered directly from their website, head.com.
Jessica Simpson x The Warmup – This is one of my favorite brands for cute activewear. I don't think the sizing is true but nonetheless, it can be found at TJ Maxx, Amazon, Macy's, Zulily, etc. If you google the brand, a ton of sites will come up.
Yogalicious – Of course, another brand good for doing yoga and can be found directly on yogalicious.com.
Marika – This is probably my favorite brand out of this list, besides RBX. I have one pair of workout pants from this brand that I got probably over 4 years ago, but they are easily the most comfortable. I need to invest in a new pair because the pair that I have, have holes in the crotch area. Marika is found at none other than TJ Maxx, marika.com, net-a-porter, yogaoutlet.com, etc.
Apana – Apana can be found at Nordstrom Rack and Amazon.


A designer range of linear and point drains for bathrooms. A variety of lengths and designs, including a tile insert, are available. Water activated lights complete the range.
QuARTz Premium – High end stainless steel channels with stainless grates. Custom lengths available on request. QuARTz Premium products are made in Germany and offer a level of quality unequaled by any competitive products in the market.
QuARTz Plus – High quality ABS plastic shower channel drains with grates made in stainless steel. QuARTz Plus products offer a modern, high quality product for renovation projects where budget constraints exist.
ACO manufactures and markets surface drainage products for the home and garden. These products consist of grated trench drains and drainage basins made from a choice of plastic or durable polymer concrete and are available in different sizes to suit any drainage requirement. Bodies and grates are made from either plastic, steel or iron and will support a 5 tonne wheel load whilst keeping areas safe for many years.
PointDrain System - Complete range of grated drainage basins to suit all residential applications. Catch basin materials are available in plastic or strong polymer concrete for areas exposed to car traffic.
HexaLine - An innovative plastic trench drain with a variety of grates manufactured from plastic, galvanizes steel and stainless steel. Available with corner units and a plastic brickslot top for use with brick pavers.
Drainline 100 - A strong rigid drainage system for use in home and office areas. Channels are made from polymer concrete and supplied with a variety of grates made in plastic, galvanized or stainless steel. End caps and inline grated basins complete the system. Products are available in 100 mm wide metre units.
Drainline 150 - A strong rigid drainage system for use in home and office areas where vehicles commonly traffic. Channels are made from polymer concrete and are supplied complete with galvanized steel grates strong enough to withstand regular residential type car traffic. End caps and inline grated basins complete the system. Products are available in 150 mm wide metre units.


There are two things that we are all guaranteed, "death and taxes," as Benjamin Franklin would have put it. Vancouver is one of the most expensive cities to live in Canada. On top of the PST and GST British Columbians pay $35 per tonne of emissions in Carbon Tax. In 2016, the BC Liberals introduced a Foreign Buyers Tax and an Empty Home Tax, which equates to 15 per cent plus an additional one per cent on property value for those who don't live here. Now to add to the burden, NDP Point Grey MLA David Eby is proposing a Provincial Surtax – an additional property tax targeting houses worth over $3 million. In Vancouver, that's a lot of houses.
For example, owners of a $3.5-million home would have to pay $1,000. While owners of a $4.5-million home would need to pay an additional $4,000.
The surtax's purpose is to generate enough revenue to alleviate the housing crisis that Vancouver is facing. Although the surtax is called a "school tax," it's actually the provincial portion of property taxes to generate revenue and then redistributed it to our public services. Yet this tax has the unfortunate implication of discriminating against homeowners regardless of their financial standing. Retired seniors and low-income homeowners with large mortgage payments can't fend for themselves when there's practically no breathing room. Fortunately for eligible homeowners, which include seniors over the age of 55, persons with disabilities, widows, and families with children, they can defer all or part of their property taxes, including the additional school tax.
Speaking of breathing, we are practically paying taxes just for taking a deep breath of fresh air. As of April 1, BC's carbon tax rate was $35 per tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions. The tax rate will increase by $5 per tonne each year until it reaches $50 per tonne in 2021. According to the BC government website, revenues generated from the Carbon Tax will be used to improve affordability and keep industries competitive through emissions reduction. While it is important to generate clean initiatives to attain the "Greenest City 2020" milestone, the Carbon Tax is a hole in every driver's wallet. Some drivers have taken to crossing over into the United States to purchase cheaper gas.
Last fall, the new NDP government scrapped the unpopular tolls on the Port Mann and Golden Ears bridges. However, traffic congestion in Vancouver continues to pose a problem for commuters daily. TransLink's Mobility Pricing Independent Commission suggests a decongestion charge in an effort to reduce the number of cars on the road, which could add up to $3-8 per day. Mobility pricing isn't a popular trend considering how in 2015, the a referendum question posing a new 0.5 per cent sales tax to fund infrastructure fell through. Voters saw the proposed tax as nothing more than a cash grab.
Without funding, there's no answer to the gridlock. We face degrading infrastructure and gutted government programs without tax revenue. But by increasing taxation, the government is putting even more of a strain on the average Joe's wallet. There's no guarantee that every increase will show an uptick of accountability in how our money is being spent.
Instead of creating new taxes, BC should come up with a comprehensible and affordable streamlined tax system. We also need a new accounting system that ensures politicians can't spend our hard earned money on personal vanity projects. It's only a matter of time before Vancouver bites off more than it can chew out of its own citizens.


Independence is a modern city marked by its presidential and pioneering past. This hometown of President Harry S. Truman, population 112,000, Independence served as an outfitting post for westward expansion in the 1800s. Visitors can still see the ruts left by covered wagons beginning their journeys along the Santa Fe, Oregon and California trails.
Independence is dotted with historical venues relating to President Truman. The Harry S. Truman National Historic Site features his Independence home and his family's farm, in nearby Grandview. The courtroom and office where Truman started his political career and his presidential museum and library are also popular sites.
Other historical sites include the National Frontier Trails Museum, which documents westward expansion, and the 1859 Jail, famous for housing Jesse James' brother Frank. A variety of homes with historical pasts are available to view. These historic homes range from opulent Victorian era mansions to log cabins.
Independence is also a popular stop for shopping. Specialty shops, antique stores and restaurants are all within walking distance in the Historic Independence Square area. Visitors can take a horse-drawn covered wagon ride through historic sections of town.
Independence is located 20 miles southeast of Kansas City and 120 miles west of Columbia. It is accessible via Interstates 70 and 470. There are many lodging options including national hotel chains and bed & breakfasts.


text:
OCO-2 brings sharp focus on global carbon
(2 April 2014) Simply by breathing, humans have played a small part in the planet-wide balancing act called the carbon cycle throughout our existence.
Author EARSCPublished on April 4, 2014
However, in the last few hundred years, we have taken a larger role. Our activities, such as fossil fuel burning and deforestation, are pushing the cycle out of its natural balance, adding more and more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
Natural processes are working hard to keep the carbon cycle in balance by absorbing about half of our carbon emissions, limiting the extent of climate change. There's a lot we don't know about these processes, including where they are occurring and how they might change as the climate warms. To understand and prepare for the carbon cycle of the future, we have an urgent need to find out.
In July 2014, NASA will launch the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) to study the fate of carbon dioxide worldwide. "Right now, the land and the ocean are taking up almost half of the carbon dioxide we add to the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels, but the future is fundamentally unknown," said Paul Wennberg, a professor of atmospheric chemistry at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. "OCO-2 is a key to getting answers." The mission has been developed and is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif.
Carbon dioxide is both one of the best measured greenhouse gases and one of the least measured. The emissions that remain in the atmosphere become evenly distributed around the globe in a matter of months. As a result, the average atmospheric concentration can be monitored well by existing ground stations (about 160 worldwide). The other half of our emissions — the half that is being absorbed through natural processes into the land or the ocean — is not evenly distributed. To understand where that carbon dioxide is going, we need precise, comprehensive, ongoing data about carbon dioxide absorption and emission by forests, the ocean and many other regions. For some of these regions, we have far too few observations.
"A research ship moves about the speed of a 10-speed bicycle," said Scott Doney, director of the Ocean and Climate Change Institute at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass. "Think about the size of the ocean. There's only so much research you can do at the speed of a bicycle." Oceanographers have made up some of the observational deficit by contracting with shipping lines to gather data along commercial routes. But there's little shipping in the Southern Ocean, and Doney said that's a region of high concern. "With warming, we expect big changes. The winds are changing there, and carbon dioxide uptake may change too."
On land, Earth's great forests might be the least understood areas. In northern Siberia, a region with no permanent settlements and few roads, there are only six year-round monitoring sites across seven time zones. Forests remove carbon from the air during photosynthesis and store it in wood and roots, making these forests what scientists call carbon sinks. But droughts and wildfires can turn forests into carbon sources, releasing the stored carbon back into the atmosphere. We don't know when and how often forests cross the line from sink to source.
OCO-2 will not be the first satellite to measure carbon dioxide, but it's the first with the observational strategy, precision, resolution and coverage needed to answer these questions about these little-monitored regions, according to Ralph Basilio, OCO-2 project manager at JPL.
OCO-2's scientific instrument uses spectrometers, which split sunlight into a spectrum of component colors, or wavelengths. Like all other molecules, carbon dioxide molecules absorb only certain colors of light, producing a unique pattern of dark features in the spectrum. The intensity of the dark features increases as the number of carbon dioxide molecules increases in the air that the spectrometer is looking through.
Carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere are measured in parts per million, the number of molecules of carbon dioxide there are in every million molecules of air. That number is currently around 400. OCO-2's spectrometers can detect changes of one or two carbon dioxide molecules out of the 400 — an unprecedented level of precision, and one that scientists think will be adequate to detect changes in natural sources and sinks, once enough measurements have been collected.
OCO-2 will collect 24 measurements a second over Earth's sunlit hemisphere, totaling more than a million measurements each day. Fewer than 20 percent of these measurements will be sufficiently cloud-free to allow an accurate estimate of carbon dioxide, but that number will still yield 100 to 200 times as many measurements as the currently observing Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) mission. The measurements will be used as input for global atmospheric models. Combined with data on winds and other conditions, the OCO-2 data will allow modelers to better locate carbon sources and sinks at regional scales — areas the size of France or Texas.
"With atmospheric carbon dioxide at unprecedented levels, our sense of urgency has only increased," said Basilio. "What will happen if we keep emitting carbon dioxide at the same rate? The ultimate goal for OCO-2 is to provide data so that organizations and individuals throughout the world can make better-informed decisions about carbon."
OCO-2 is one of five new NASA missions launching in 2014. NASA monitors Earth's vital signs from land, air and space with a fleet of satellites and ambitious airborne and ground-based observation campaigns. NASA develops new ways to observe and study Earth's interconnected natural systems with long-term data records and computer analysis tools to see better how our planet is changing. The agency shares this unique knowledge with the global community and works with institutions in the United States and around the world that contribute to understanding and protecting our home planet.
(source: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory)
Spacenewsfeed
Published on April 4, 2014 Author EARSCCategories Earth Observation News
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Buyer's Guide (2020)
Tundra Double Cab
2014 All-American Tundra Full-Size Pickup: New Design Inside and Out. Improved Value, and Legendary Toyota Quality
The redesigned 2014 Toyota Tundra half-ton full-size pickup truck adds dramatically bold elements of design, refinement, quality and craftsmanship, while building upon Tundra's well-known reputation for reliability, efficiency and function, making it the most stylish, value-driven and capable Tundra yet.
"Toyota prides itself on listening to its customers and the development of the 2014 American-born Tundra is a perfect example," said Bill Fay, group vice president and general manager, Toyota Division. "Tundra's new exterior design and new interior were inspired by customer feedback requesting a more chiseled exterior and refined interior, with improved driver ergonomics, and easy-to-use technology, giving customers more of what they want."
Tundra has been a quality leader with Toyota's DNA of Quality, Dependability and Reliability. The industry has recognized Tundra with a myriad of awards over the last 12 years, including the J.D. Power Vehicle Dependability Study for seven of the past eight years in the Full-Size Pick Up segment. Not resting on its laurels, the 2014 Tundra is redesigned, inside and out, representing the first major change since the 2007 model year.
The redesigned Tundra continues to be a truck with true American roots that was once again engineered by Toyota Technical Center in Ann Arbor, Mich., and its new look created by Calty Design Research centers in Newport Beach, Calif., and Ann Arbor. Tundra's V6 and V8 engines are built at Toyota Motor Manufacturing Alabama, Inc. in Huntsville, Ala., and transmissions are built at a production facility in North Carolina. Finally, Tundra continues to be assembled exclusively at Toyota Motor Manufacturing, in San Antonio, Texas (TMMTX).
"With the redesigned 2014 Tundra, Toyota will continue to focus on customer respect and loyalty by providing the highest-quality, best-built, best value pickup in the full-size segment," said Fay. "It's what our customers expect and what they deserve."
The 2014 Tundra has a grade strategy consisting of the hard-working SR, volume-leading SR5, the well-appointed Limited, and two premium grades: "Platinum" and the all-new "1794 Edition." The new 1794 Edition is a tribute to the ranch, founded in 1794, on which the Tundra plant is located in San Antonio. Tundra is offered in three cab styles, two-door Regular Cab, four-door Double Cab and four-door CrewMax, all available in 4x2 and 4x4.
Chiseled New, Unique Exterior Designs; Distinct Look for Each Grade
Inside and out, each Tundra grade embodies a specific theme through distinct designs that go beyond just badging.
The Calty design team set out to create a bold and powerful exterior to embody Tundra's performance capabilities. The all-new front design integrates the hood and grille for a chiseled and modern industrial image. Designers increased the size of the front fascia and tightened up the surfaces and character lines to visually punctuate Tundra's pulling power and wide stance. The grille has a taller, bolder look, visually connecting the upper intake to the lower bumper. The front lower bumpers are now a three-piece design, allowing for lower replacement costs. In addition, the fenders and wheel wells have been squared-off for a wide and sturdy stance.
A new bed design helps carry the chiseled character lines all the way down the profile, leading to a rugged new bed and tail gate, with an integrated spoiler and "TUNDRA" stamped into the sheet metal, creating a one-piece forged look. The integrated spoiler in the deck helps with fuel efficiency, while the tail lamps express a tool-like quality to match the appearance of the body. Like the front bumper, the rear bumper changes from one piece to three, for lower replacement costs.
Tundra offers three cab styles: two-door Regular Cab, four-door Double Cab, and the super-sized four-door CrewMax. Tundra Regular Cab and Double Cab models are offered in standard bed (78.7-inch) or long bed (97.6-inch) configurations, while the CrewMax comes with a 66.7-inch bed. All beds are 22.2-in. deep.
The Tundra's lockable easy-lower-and-lift tailgate lowers slowly with no slam and can easily be removed. Limited Double Cab models come standard with a power sliding rear window. A power vertical sliding rear window is standard on all CrewMax models.
Tundra offers a palette of eight exterior colors including three new colors: Attitude Black Metallic; Sunset Bronze Mica; and Blue Ribbon Metallic. Popular carryover colors include Radiant Red, Super White, Silver Sky Metallic, Magnetic Gray Metallic, Black, and Barcelona Red.
A New Premium,Spacious Interior; Each Grade With a Unique Identity
Calty's design team worked closely with the Product Planners and Tundra engineers to develop a bold new interior focusing on styling differentiation between grades and improving the availability of features most important to truck buyers. The new interior variations are thematic and cater to a specific customer with a specific budget. Ergonomic improvements include easier driver access to controls as the reach to the audio and HVAC controls was reduced by 2.6 inches. Large knobs have been retained so they can be operated with or without work gloves. Overall passenger comfort was improved with a new front and rear (CrewMax) seat design and improved front seat ventilation. In addition, front seats have additional travel, and CrewMax rear seats can now be folded up for additional cargo carrying capability while maintaining a comfortable seating back angle and lowering load the height by more than 11 inches.
The interior has a rugged, interlocked construction with new instrument panel. The meters feature 3-D metallic rings and individual gauges grouped in a clear, easy-to-see design with a center-mounted multi-information (LCD) display screen. The console design holds multiple storage areas for personal items and electronics plus additional padded surfaces and accent stitching in premium grades. Both Double Cab and CrewMax are available with a bench or bucket seats for the front row.
The interior of the SR5 features a "professional gear" theme, with unique driver and passenger zones, metallic accents and bold contrasting fabric. Most importantly, the new design uses premium surface treatments such as high granulated paint on the center cluster and unique seat stitching to enhance interior quality and durability.
The Limited grade has an "active premium" image with leather seating surfaces matching soft-touch door and console surfaces, and wood-style interior trims. The Limited will be available with Black, Sand Beige and Graphite leather-trimmed interiors and will have standard dual zone auto HVAC controls.
The Platinum grade has been redesigned for the next generation of personal use truckers. It features perforated, diamond pleated premium leather seats, door and instrument panel inserts, and chrome seat and console accent badging for an upscale, yet urban feel. In addition, Platinum uses premium leather never before used on a Toyota truck and comes with many standard amenities, including a 12-speaker touch-screen Entune(TM) Premium JBL Audio system with navigation, and heated and ventilated front seats.
The 1794 Edition reflects a western lifestyle theme and includes exclusive saddle brown premium leather-trimmed seating with embossed leather and ultra-suede accents. Matching soft-touch materials also accent the shift console, the front and rear door trim, and the instrument panel. Like the Platinum, the 1794 Edition includes an array of standard features that includes heated and ventilated front seats, and Entune Premium JBL Audio with navigation.
Three Engine Options Remain Among Segment's Most Capable
Tundra continues to offer three proven powertrains that are among the best in its segment. A 4.0-liter Dual Overhead Cam (DOHC) V6 is standard on Tundra Regular and Double Cab models and produces 270 horsepower at 5,600 rpm and 278 foot-pounds of peak torque at 4,400 rpm. It is paired with a five-speed automatic transmission with uphill/downhill shift logic. EPA-estimated fuel economy is 16 miles per gallon (mpg) in the city, 20 mpg on the highway and 17 mpg combined.
The available 4.6-liter, DOHC i-Force V8 offers 310 horsepower at 5,600 rpm and 327 foot-pounds of peak torque at 3,400rpm. EPA-estimated mpg fuel economy is 15 mpg city/19 mpg highway/16 mpg combined on 4x2 models and 14 city/18 highway/16 combined on 4x4 models.
The Tundra workhorse, and still one of the most capable and advanced engines in the full-size pickup segment, is the 5.7-liter, DOHC i-Force V8. Tundra's most popular engine with owners, it generates 381 horsepower at 5,600 rpm and 401 foot-pounds of peak torque at 3,600 rpm. The 5.7-liter is offered in both gasoline and "Flex Fuel" variants. Fuel efficiency on 4x2 models is a competitive 13 mpg in the city,18 mpg on the highway and 16 mpg combined while the 4x4 achieves 13 mpg city/17 mpg highway/15 mpg combined.
Both V8's come standard with a six-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission. All Tundra engines feature an aluminum cylinder block and DOHC heads, along with Dual Variable Valve Timing with intelligence (VVT-i) for a broad torque curve and optimized efficiency.
New Suspension Enhancements Improve Capability, Handling and Ride
Several enhancements have been implemented on the 2014 Tundra to improve performance. Shock-absorber valving has been re-tuned to improve ride quality over harsh surfaces.
Steering feel and straight-line stability have been enriched due to steering-system-enhancements. These reduce the inputs from road variations and imperfections, resulting in improved straight line stability and less driver fatigue.
Patented aerodynamic stabilizer fins are added to the outside surface of the rear tail lamp lens, and the outside mirror bases. These patented "Aero-Fins" reduce the air turbulence along the sides of the vehicle and also aid in enhancing straight-line stability during normal driving conditions and while towing.
Interior cabin noise is reduced by the advanced design of engine compartment NVH treatments and innovative engineering. Among the many design developments are the installation of a new hood insulator design, a sound-absorbing dash, reduced windshield angles, a non-breathable headliner, door trim pads, and body mounts under the dash and rear panels help to reduce sound transmission from the engine compartment to the vehicle cabin.
Tundra's advanced TripleTech frame uses wide, full-boxed rails for the front portion, a reinforced C-channel under the cab and an open C-channel underneath the bed to help maximize strength, ride quality and durability. The double A-arm front suspension uses coil-over spring shock units, while a front-mounted steering rack helps enhance steering feel and response. The rear suspension uses staggered shocks mounted outboard of the springs to improve the shocks' dampening efficiency. Spring rates are tuned to provide a flat vehicle stance when fully loaded.
The Tundra SR and SR5 grades will ride on 18-inch styled steel wheels, while the Limited, Platinum and 1794 Edition will have all-new 20-inch alloy wheels specific to each grade.
All Tundra models come standard with class-leading, four-wheel disc brakes with ventilated rotors - 13.9 inches and 1.26-inches thick - with a segment-most four-piston calipers in front; and 13.6 x 0.71-inch two-piston calipers in the rear. Part of Toyota's Star Safety System(TM), Anti-lock brakes (ABS) with Electronic Brake-force Distribution (EBD) and Brake Assist (BA) are standard on all Tundra models. EBD optimizes brake pressure at each wheel for greater control under braking, especially when cornering. BA is designed to determine if the driver is attempting emergency braking. If the driver has not pressed firmly enough on the brake pedal to engage ABS, the system supplements the applied braking power until pedal pressure is released.
The standard Automatic Limited-Slip Differential (Auto-LSD) helps provide better acceleration in deep sand or mud and on mixed-friction surfaces. Compared to a conventional mechanical limited slip differential, the Auto-LSD system is much more responsive and has better wear characteristics. The Tundra's VSC system integrates traction control (TRAC) and enhances traction on or off-road by helping keep the vehicle on its intended course.
Integration of these technologies also provides driver-selectable versatility to tackle just about any road surface or driving condition. In "normal" mode, VSC, TRAC and Auto-LSD all function to help enable traction and control capability. "TRAC Off" and "Auto-LSD" modes activate Auto-LSD to help extricate the Tundra from extreme conditions. The "VSC Off" mode turns off all three of these systems.
Tundra 4x4 models use an on-demand, electronically controlled four-wheel drive system featuring a six-pinion planetary reduction gear set to provide 4x2, 4x4 Hi and 4x4 Lo ranges. The driver selects the drive mode using a dial on the dash.
Towing Capability You Can Believe In
Toyota believes it is important for truck owners to be able to tow with confidence. This is why Tundra has been compliant with the SAE J2807 towing standard since 2011 and remains the industry's only full-size truck to adopt the standard.
When equipped with a tow package, Tundra has a maximum tow capacity of 10,400 pounds (4x2 Regular Cab). A one-piece towing receiver is integrated into the frame prior to bed installation. Tow Package rear springs help provide level full-load rear suspension height and maintain a full range of suspension travel.
The Tow Package also upgrades Tundra's cooling and electrical systems. Integrated engine and transmission oil coolers help handle the demands of towing under a full load, and a heavy-duty battery and alternator are added, as well. The seven-and four-pin towing hitch connectors sit above the hitch to help avoid damage during high-departure-angle driving.
Electrical upgrades include an under-dash connector pre-wire for a third-party trailer brake controller, both seven- and four-pin trailer brake connectors near the hitch, and an up-rated alternator. On 5.7-liter models, heated, power, outside tow mirrors with turn signal indicators and manual-extend feature are available.
With the Towing Package, the six-speed automatic transmission gains a TOW/HAUL shift mode, selectable by a dedicated switch. The TOW/HAUL mode applies specific logic for adjusting the throttle sensitivity and transmission shift control, favoring and holding lower gears when accelerating or decelerating to help enhance control and safety. Standard for all models, Trailer Sway Control uses the Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) to help counteract handling forces applied to the truck in an effort to minimize the impact of trailer sway.
2014 Tundra Comes With An Array of Standard Convenience Features
Tundras will feature a number of key standard features, including a standard back-up camera (viewed from the audio display screen), and standard Bluetooth(R) hands-free phone and audio streaming on all grades.
The Limited grade adds an eight-way power driver seat, standard chrome door handles and outer mirrors, 20-inch alloy wheels and a deck rail system.
The Platinum and 1794 Edition come standard with a 10-way power driver's seat with memory and a four-way power passenger's seat, both with heat and ventilation, power moonroof (CrewMax only), parking sonar, and Entune Premium JBL Audio with navigation.
All Tundra models have a standard windshield wiper de-icer, front and rear mudguards, power window and door locks, and heated, power, outside mirrors.
All SR and SR5 grade models come standard with air conditioning, while all Limited, Platinum and 1794 Edition models come with standard dual zone air conditioning with individual temperature settings for driver and front passenger. Standard High Solar Energy-Absorbing (HSEA) glass helps filter solar heat and most UV light energy entering the vehicle. This helps reduce occupant sun exposure, helps to keep the interior cooler, and enhances durability of interior materials.
An auto-dimming rearview mirror with compass, and HomeLink(R) universal transceiver is standard on Limited, Platinum and 1794 Edition grades.
Standard Next-Generation Entune Audio
All 2014 Tundra models will come standard with the updated next-generation Entune(TM)Audio systems, which features several enhancements including a new Entune(R) App Suite with an array of popular apps including new additions such as Yelp and Facebook Places.
Standard on all SR grades is the Entune(TM) Audio Multimedia Bundle, which includes a 6.1-inch touchscreen display; AM/FM CD Player with MP3/WMA playback capability; aux jack; USB 2.0 port with increased charging capability and iPod(R) connectivity and control; hands-free phone capability; phone book access and music streaming via Bluetooth wireless technology; and advanced voice recognition.
All SR5 models will come standard with Entune(TM) Audio Plus, which includes the Entune Multimedia Bundle with Hi-Res 7.0-inch touch-screen display; HD Radio with iTunes tagging and HD Traffic and Weather (metro areas only); and SiriusXM(R) satellite radio (90-day trial).
Standard on all Limited grades and available on the SR5 grade is the Entune(TM) Premium Audio with navigation and The Entune App Suite. The Entune App Suite includes Bing(TM), iHeartRadio, MovieTickets.com, Open Table(R), Pandora(R), Yelp and Facebook Places; real-time info including traffic, weather, fuel prices, sports, and stocks.
Standard on the premium Platinum and 1794 Edition CrewMax models and optional on the Limited grade is the Entune(R) Premium JBL(TM) Audio with navigation and Entune App Suite, which includes Entune Premium Audio with JBL(R) speakers and amplifier.
Toyota's STAR Safety and; Segment-First Available Blind Spot Monitor with Cross Traffic Alert
The 2014 Tundra will be the first in its segment to be equipped with a standard backup camera on all grades, and the only full-size pickup with available Blind Spot Monitor with Rear Cross Traffic Alert (Limited CrewMax, Platinum and 1794 Edition).
All Tundra models feature the standard Toyota Star Safety System(TM) that includes Vehicle Stability Control (VSC), Traction Control (TRAC), an Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), Electronic Brake-force Distribution (EBD), Brake Assist (BA), and Smart Stop (SST) brake override technology.
Smart Stop Technology is designed to automatically reduce engine power when both brake and accelerator pedals are pressed at the same time under certain conditions, helping the driver bring the vehicle to a stop.
Tundra will be equipped with eight standard airbags including front seat-mounted side airbags, and front and rear Roll-sensing Side Curtain Airbags (RSCA) in all models, driver and front outboard passenger airbags with an Advanced Airbag System, and the segments only standard driver and front outboard passenger knee airbags.
Additional safety features include manual headlamp leveling on all grades and standard LED Daytime Running Lights on Platinum and 1794 Edition only.
Thoughtful Option Packages
Simplified option packages help to make it easier for customers to find the right Tundra with the equipment they desire. Tundra SR5 models offer an SR5 Upgrade Package that includes front bucket seats with power driver seat and power lumbar support, floor-mounted urethane shift lever and knob, tilt and telescopic urethane steering wheel, three front cup holders, a front console box, a rear under seat storage tray (Double Cab only), and an alarm system.
A TRD Off-Road Package combines off-road tuned suspension featuring Bilstein gas-charged mono-tube shock absorbers, new 18-inch TRD Off-Road alloy wheels, rear side privacy glass, engine skid plate, front tow hooks on 4x2 models, and TRD unique badging.
A Limited Premium Package, available with all Limited grade Tundras, includes front and rear parking sonar, power windows with driver and front passenger auto up/down; room, foot, and ignition key illuminated entry system; and a glass breakage sensor.
A Tundra Work Truck Package, available on the SR grade, is aimed at commercial truck buyers or customers who need a tough, no-frills truck with exceptional cargo and towing capacity. The package features heavy-duty vinyl-trimmed seating surfaces, and heavy-duty all-weather flooring.
Additional stand-alone options include a power tilt/slide moonroof with sliding sunshade on Platinum and 1794 Edition models, heated power outside tow mirrors with turn signal indicators and manual-extend feature on all models, a deck rail system with four adjustable tie-down cleats on SR and SR5 grades (standard on Limited, Platinum and 1794), a tow hitch on V8 SR Double Cab and SR5 Double Cab and CrewMax equipped with a 4.6-liter V8, 18-inch 5-spoke alloy wheels with P275/65R18 tires on SR5 Double Cab and CrewMax, and 20-inch chrome clad wheels with P275/55R20 tires on the 1794 Edition.
Toyota Warranty
Toyota's 36-month/36,000 mile basic new-vehicle warranty applies to all components other than normal wear and maintenance items. Additional 60-month warranties cover the powertrain for 60,000 miles and corrosion with no mileage limitation. Toyota dealers have complete details on the limited warranty. Tundra will also come standard with Toyota Care, a complimentary plan covering normal factory-scheduled maintenance and 24-hour roadside assistance for two years or 25,000 miles, whichever comes first.
Copyright (c) 2020 Velocity Automotive Journal. All rights reserved.


text:
NewsWildfire Watch
Neptune Aviation tankers, crew navigate fire challenges in 2021
<b>Martin Kidston/Missoula Current</b>
Neptune Aviation's fleet of air tankers shimmers in the heat at Missoula International Airport at the start of the 2021 fire season.
By: Martin Kidston - Missoula Current
MISSOULA — The current fire season has kept Neptune Aviation's tankers and crew spread across the Western U.S. and as far east as Minnesota, and it's on track to compete with some of the busier seasons in recent years.
Through fuel shortages and COVID scares, the Missoula-based company has managed to navigate the challenges that have come with 2021 while lending aid to the nation's fire-fighting efforts.
"We've had a very busy fire season," said Dan Snyder, senior vice president with Neptune Aviation. It's keeping up with some of the record-setting years we've had. The fire activity has been high."
Predicting one fire season to the next is a difficult task given seasonal variations and the disparity in regional fire activity. While 2017 was a busy one, 2019 was relatively quiet.
MTN News
A Neptune Aviation tanker recently delivered the one-millionth gallon of retardant during this explosive 2020 fire season.
This year, Snyder said, Arizona and New Mexico have been quiet fire wise, though other regions of the West, including Montana and Oregon, have been highly active.
"Arizona and NM had an early season, but came to an end fairly quickly," Snyder said. "The rest of the West has been active for us. One of the main challenges we've had so far this year has been fuel, especially in the Northwest. Covid hasn't been as big of an issue as last year."
Since the start of the calendar year, Snyder said Neptune has flow 1,700 hours. Its crew, comprised of 34 flight personnel and around 40 maintenance personnel, have logged long hours fighting Western fires.
But Neptune has been able to rotate staff to fend off fatigue, and it has largely escaped any COVID impacts. But fueling issues have presented challenges, Snyder said.
Neptune Aviation
Neptune Aviation's Tanker 10 aircraft soars through the sky.
"In a worst-case scenario, it can ground air tankers," he said. "What we've been able to do is keep that potential to a minimum by working with the Forest Service, and as airports become fuel critical and their supply drops down, the Forest Service will move tankers to a different location."
In late July, the demand for fuel was up nearly 30% from the start of the year, and inventory in the Rocky Mountain region and West Coast had dropped. Supply chain disruptions and demand from both airlines and firefighting units had widespread impacts.
According to the Associated Press, delays at Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport were the result of jet-fuel demand from firefighting aircraft in both Montana and the Pacific Northwest. A lack of tanker deliveries also prompted flight disruptions in Fresno.
But when Helena runs short on jet fuel, Snyder said the tankers are rerouted to Missoula, and similar scenarios have played out in other states. The impact on firefighting efforts is minimal, prompting an average 10-minute delay during refueling.
"The Forest Service can plan for that by bringing more resources on scene to allow for that 10-minute time frame," Snyder said. "We know how to deal with this from the past when we have big fire busts and an airport or two will run out of fuel. What's been unique with this one is that it's been widespread. It's not uncommon to run an airport out of fuel because of heavy air tanker operations. It's just uncommon to see it this widespread."
Martin Kidston/Missoula Current file photo
A pair of BAe-146 airtankers sit in the hangar at Neptune Aviation at the Missoula International Airport. The company's founder, Marta Timmons, helped lead the transition from the old Neptune P2vs to the modern fleet of aircraft, and also revolutionized the nation's aerial firefighting industry.
Snyder said Neptune's business model is based on a number of factors, though he said there was room for growth. But that's up to the federal government.
"From a long-term standpoint, the industry has quite a bit of capacity out there. The biggest issues come down to the Forest Service and federal government, and if they're willing to staff long-term contracts where the industry can grow," Snyder said.
"If they start to look at fire from a suppression standpoint, very similar to the way the state of California does, there is growth potential. But if it stays where the Forest Service is just managing fires, I don't think you'll see the tanker program growing much."


Course Overview: The course covers primary and some secondary skills allowing the flexibility to add extra subjects where needed. This course does not cover workplace training where the EFAW, FAW and Appointed Persons course is better suited.
We now offer 'Train The Trainer' courses in basic first aid.
Course Overview: This course covers Basic Life Support skills and includes skills for Adult, Child and Infant as well as healthcare variations on infant CPR. The course includes: Safety, precautions, initial assessment, recovery position, CPR, compression only CPR, CPR handover and choking. This is ideal for nurses, care workers or medical professionals needing annual updates to complete professional membership. The course is valid for one year, complies with the latest ERC and UK Resuscitation Council Guidelines.
• To introduce basic first aid skills ensuring that the EMS are called and professional medical help gained.
• To get students thinking about possible dangers, therefore reducing the chance of an accident happening.
• To ensure all students know the importance of immediate professional care and how to activate it.
Course Overview: The Emergency First Aid at Work course (EFAW) is ideal for all businesses whose risk assessment has identified that there is no requirement for a fully trained first aider for their workplace. The certificate is valid for 3 years. To renew you need to attend another EFAW 6 hour course.
We are able to offer EFAW as a Level 2 QCF Qualification through Highfields.
Course Overview: To be able to provide First Aid in the workplace, as identified by the workplace risk assessment, and to a standard recognised by the HSE.
Staff Groups: This course is aimed at all staff and volunteers working with children.
Course Overview: To provide Paediatric First Aid, required by those working with children, as child minders, in nurseries and schools. This qualification is recognised by Ofsted, SURESTART and EYFS.


In this 3D platformer game, your mission consists in saving the island from total and utter destruction. No stress though; you will count on an upgradable arsenal of gadgets, weapons and your own eyes to jump and fight your way forward!
Let your eyes assist you in completing four different environments and a dozen levels.
By immersing yourself into the gameworld of Skylar & Plux with Tobii Eye Tracking, you'll be able to effortlessly steer your avatar and survey your surroundings with your gaze. Clean UI clears away HUD elements that jump you out of character when you are not looking at them and a new immersive feature, with Magnet at Gaze, pick up enemies and shoot where you look while holding the magnet.


text:
Q: Se puede montar un archivo en cache con php Estoy realizando un proyecto en el cual tengo que cargar una serie de video, el cual al buscar el archivo se demora en el cambio de video del video A al video B, esto genera un espacio en blanco, la idea que tengo es tratar si es posible el de montar la lista(me refiero  todos los videos) de video dentro de la cache para así el servidor no tenga que realizar la búsqueda dentro de este, actualmente lo que hago es cargar la lista de reproducción mediante una lista en js y a medida que va finalizando va recorriendo ese vector y extrae la ruta para buscar el video y mostrar, como mencione esto genera un retraso entre cada video y por estructura del proyecto no es viable eso.
Alguien me podría decir si es posible y como se puede realizar, de lo contrario como podría hacer para reducir ese tiempo de respuesta y eliminar ese retardo.
Nota: todos los vídeos tienen como peso de 5mb.

A: hola jhonny el tema tiene que ver con el cache y que no expiren los videos, trata de precargarlos todos cuando la app se carge asi se mantienen en la cache del navegador.
tambien te dejo algunos links que de pronto te ayuden ya que no he realizado este tipo de aplicaciones no te puedo guiar completamente
https://developer.mozilla.org/es/docs/Web/HTML/Recursos_offline_en_firefox
https://www.html5rocks.com/es/tutorials/appcache/beginner/


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text:
People want anyone except Imran Khan, govt must go: Bilawal Bhutto
June 30, 2020 Edit
ISLAMABAD (92 News) – PPP chairman Bilawal Bhutto Zardari said that the people want anyone except Imran Khan and the government must go. In a tweet on Tuesday, he said: "We need a prime minister of Pakistan. Unfortunately, we only have a prime minister of PTI. Prime Minister Imran Khan calls himself the 'only option'." Earlier on June 29, PPP) chairman Bilawal Bhutto Zardari said that Prime Minister (PM) Imran Khan should better quarantine himself instead of taking notices. Addressing National Assembly (NA) during the budget session, Bilawal Bhutto demanded the resignation of PM Imran Khan, saying that the premier should apologise for destroying the economy. He maintained said that the premier has two options; either he works alongside all the political parties and strive for the betterment of the country, or he resigns and goes home. Criticizing the government, the PPP chairman requested the prime minister to stop taking notice. "Whenever the prime minister takes notice of anything, its price gets increased. What are the consequences of taking notices of flour, medicines, petrol by the prime minister," he asked. Bilawal further asked, "How is it possible that the one holding fake degree can declare pilots fake?" He claimed that due to the ruling party, the oil companies benefited from the hike in petroleum prices. "The ruling party has usurped the rights of the people," he added. "What sort of relief is putting people out of jobs?" he said before the House, adding that not making any addition to salaries and pensions is also an 'injustice'.
Top Stories C Nisar murder Chief Minister (CM) Students Editors Choice Left squeeze cool Bilawal Bhutto Imran Khan people Govt anyone


Much excitement from Labour this morning over the new IFS report on tuition fees. With research finding that students from disadvantaged backgrounds will graduate with debts in excess of £57,000, Labour's shadow education minister has said it's time to 'deliver a debt-free education system run for the many not the few'. Conveniently, the party has not bothered to comment on the other finding of the report – that Labour's plan to scrap fees completely would benefit richer students the most.
'The direct offer to students to abolish tuition fees from September this year must have helped too; a middle class offer to young people on the whole from middle-class backgrounds. So we win Canterbury, a university town with a huge student population, and come within a hairs breadth of the complete opposite in Bishop Auckland.
Still, Mr S suspects the Corbynistas will have little trouble brushing off this criticism – after all, Wilson is the MP for Tony Blair's old seat.


The inflatable Castle bounce house, or bouncy Castle as it is often referred to, is the pioneering product of inflatable games. This classic bounce house is recognized by everyone, whether they have enjoyed one themselves, rented one for a party or simply seen one set up for a neighborhood party. Any bounce house is a fun way to encourage physical activity among young and old alike, the 15'x15' Castle provides a familiar environment for up to six people to enjoy it in. The Castle bounce house is designed with its traditional yellow, red and blue color theme.Be sure to have a Castle bounce house as an attraction for any event, it is sure to satisfy!
© 2019 Funworks Rentals. All rights reserved.


SaltNic only offers quality high end pod systems that are lightweight, compact and simplistic in design. All pod systems are low wattage devices that deliver instant tasty satisfying throat hits for those who are making a transition from smoking or for seasoned vapers alike. No settings are required and most systems are on-draw activated. Pod systems contain internal batteries and pods that can easily be refilled with your favorite SaltNic e-liquid. Refillable pods range in capacity from 1.8ml to as much as 3.5ml. Simply prime the pod with e-liquid and begin your vaping journey.
Refillable pod system is a term used in the vape world referring to low wattage devices designed specifically for nicotine salt e-liquid. These salt nic pods are convenient to use as they are easy to prime and refill throughout the day. Refillable pod system devices are mostly miniature pocket-sized devices with long lasting internal batteries that make it convenient for all day use. All devices are great for smokers wanting to make a switch, novice or pro vapers alike.
The refillable pod system may be small, but they do offer instant and tasty throat hits for all day satisfaction. There are no complicated settings on a high nicotine pod system, so they are more than easy to get started with and small enough to carry with you throughout your busy day. Most of the devices are on draw activated but can have a single fire button in some cases. The refillable pods have e-liquid capacities ranging from 1.8 to 3.5 milliliters depending on the system.
SaltNic Labs understands the need for quality made, easy to use devices that bring forth great flavor and satisfying vapor production. Our exclusive collection of nicotine salt pods is specifically selected to offer you the very best vaping experience you can have with exceptional flavor and satisfying vapor production. All devices are manufactured by celebrated brands in the vaping industry, so you are ensured a pleasurable experience with quality you can taste. Purchase a refillable pod system from our collection today and remember to fill up your shopping cart with extra refillable pods for your device, so you never run out or to vape different flavors throughout your day.
By clicking through and going to saltnic.com you agree that you are at least 21 years old or the legal minimum age required to purchase tobacco products in your jurisdiction. When you check out on saltnic.com you agree to go through an age verification process that will confirm your age, address, and identity via a public database and our internal specialists. You agree that you will not resell any product(s) you purchase from saltnic.com, and you understand that you are strictly prohibited from distributing any product(s) you purchase from saltnic.com to any person under the minimum legal smoking age.
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It's been a wild decade going from "stay-at-home-mom" to "YouTube comedic Phe-mom-enon," but Anita Renfroe doesn't mind. With her unique brand of estrogen-flavored musical comedy and blend of sass, edge and slightly offbeat takes on All Things Female, audiences at her comedy concert tours, viewers of Good Morning America appearances and the YouTube masses who enjoyed her William Tell version of everything a Mom says, would say that Anita just tells it like it is. Some would say she just says what everyone else is thinking, but won't say out loud. Gallo Center audiences love her.


Jackie Pullinger MBE is a Christian who at 22 wanted to become a missionary. No missionary society would take her on so she went on her own to Hong Kong and started to work with drug addicts and Triad Gang Members, a work that still continues today.
The early part of her story is told in the bestselling book "Chasing the Dragon" and brief sections of her story are incluced on the re:jesus web site.


When you first meet defensive end Caleb Dalzell, his 6-foot-6, 260-pound frame can be a bit intimidating. But it doesn't take long before his imposing stature is eclipsed by a humble character and calm demeanor – an unexpected contrast from the dominant force fans witness on the field come game day.
And to think, he almost didn't become a Bruin.
Embracing that underdog mentality, Dalzell, who will begin his junior year at George Fox in the fall, fought to prove himself during his freshman season in 2015. He didn't start until the final game of the season, and even then it was as a last-minute fill-in. The defensive end scheduled to start had an equipment malfunction right before the game, so coaches told Dalzell to take the field instead. He ended up with four total tackles, one and a half sacks, an interception, and a blocked field goal attempt at a crucial point in the game.
"I went from flying under the radar to having a breakout game," Dalzell says. "It was my best game of the season by far." As a result of his outstanding performance, he earned his first Northwest Conference Student-Athlete of the Week honor. He's been starting ever since.
This past season, his sophomore year, Dalzell improved his play in nearly every statistical category, leading the team in sacks, blocked kicks and defensive touchdowns. He was named to the All-Northwest Conference second team and helped the Bruins claim their first winning season in more than half a century.
A two-sport athlete, Dalzell plays football in the fall and competes in track and field in the spring. This season he recorded the school's No. 2 all-time mark in the shot put and No. 3 all-time mark in the discus, which earned him another NWC Student-Athlete of the Week honor. What's more, those throws secured his spot as an all-conference track and field athlete and helped the men's team make history by winning its first-ever conference championship. Dalzell followed that performance with an impressive fourth place finish in the discus at the 2017 NCAA Division III Track & Field Championships, earning All-American honors for the first time in his young career.
In addition to his impressive performances on the field, Dalzell has excelled in the classroom. At the conclusion of his sophomore year, he boasts a 3.9 GPA and has made the dean's list in each of his four semesters at George Fox. In May, he was announced as a CoSIDA Academic All-District winner, putting him in the running for a spot on the CoSIDA Academic All-American team.


The evolution of printing plates processed for Offset, Letter Press and Flexo Printing processes have undergone sea change from Metal to Polymer substrates which includes Liquid Photo Polymer resin based plates. The CTP (Computer to plate) is suggested to be advanced technology in processing of plates based on imaging technology which need no films or processing chemicals or other material to process the plate. CTP allows direct production of printing plates for printing processes by engraving process. However it can only create plates for printing on a metal or polymer base material.
Initially when various printing processes emerged, the plates for printing by Letterpress, Offset and other printing processes were made on different materials such as Lithographic stone for Lithographic printing (direct Offset) and metal plates like Zinc or Aluminium for other processes including Offset. In course of time, besides lithographic lime stones, several other metals like Zinc, Aluminium, Brass, Magnesium and Copper were also used since adjusting the quality of the images formed over the plates for quality printing were easier to perform with certain acid solutions on them.
The heavy weight of the metals and Lithographic Lime stone caused several working problems in handling and processing of the plates and therefore alternate materials, lighter in weight and easier to process were thought of and led to the invention of several plates such as Pre sensitized thin plates, Paper based metal coated material and Photo Polymer plates whose inventions not only reduced the weight of the Plates fitted on the printing machines, but also considerably shortened the processing time involved.
In respect of printing plates meant for Flexo printing process, major development has taken place. The Flexo Printing which is similar to Letterpress is conventionally performed with relief plates prepared on soft Rubber or plastic based material called rubber stereos. When Flexo printing was introduced for printing on packing materials, the printing plates used were engraved Rubber stereos. Subsequent development saw Photo polymer plates replacing the conventional Rubber Stereos for the same print process. The Photo Polymer technology further developed with the release of newer generation Liquid Photo polymer which has been seen as an excellent replacement for Polymer supplied in sheets because the cost of making a plate from Liquid Polymer was considered to be substantially lower than the conventional sheet of polymer.
The Printing plates for the Letterpress process is almost similar to the Flexo process except that the plates required for the Letterpress printing is not processed on rubber based material but prepared on thick metal sheets like Zinc, Aluminium, Magnesium and Photo Polymer plates. The printing plates were actually called Blocks and not plates because they were smaller in size, mounted on a wooden block support before uploading on the machine. Moreover the blocks were meant only for printing the illustrations and images part. The blocks containing illustrations were clubbed with the composed metal types and locked in the forme for printing. The relief areas on the blocks accepted the inks directly from the inking rollers without need for pre wiping, pre spraying or pre scrubbing the plate with any other fluid or water to prevent non image areas accepting the ink.
The next development was moulded metal plates for printing on rotary machines since the loose type metals, composed by hand or on hot metal type casting machines that formed the text material and the blocks could not be mounted on curved surface of the cylinder. The combined text material and image holding blocks were converted into curved metal relief plates by a process called moulding process. The final material from the composed types and blocks for printing were first impressed on rolled or flonged stereo mats in the finalized Laid out format. Papier machie mixture was used as flonged stereo mats for making a mould and curved to required shape before the metal plate required for uploading on the machine for printing was cast with molten material consisting of antimony, lead and aluminium alloy. The mould cast plates thus prepared were mounted on to the cylinder for printing. This process was also cumbersome, time consuming and the curved moulded plates heavy to handle besides causing lots of technical problems in use.
Beyond this, not much development was done for innovation of newer type of plates (blocks) other than Photo Polymer which reduced the processing time, weighed less and also cost lesser than the metal plates. To speed up the process of making plates (blocks) which were initially made of metals like Zinc, Aluminium, Copper, Magnesium and Brass and the moulded plates with few metal combinations, the plates made out of Photo Polymer plates began to be used.
Though direct on metal processing mechanical engraving machines like Vario Kleschograph too lent some support for speedier production of plates for Letterpress process no other material has been developed to replace the conventional metal plates like Zinc, Aluminium and Magnesium. The Photo Polymer plates helped in combining the text matter and the illustrations in easy manner to prepare any size plates with relief images in quick time eliminating many cumbersome intermediary processes.
However in respect of Offset process of printing which is based on Oil-water repellent theory, the invention of newer plates were gradually taking place in some part of the world or the other to replace the intervention of dampening the plates which was inherent with some technical problems. In wet Offset printing process unless perfect water- ink balance is maintained, the required print quality can not be derived. Offset printing process consists of plates where in the image areas and non image areas lay in the same plane - the images to print are oil-receptive (oleophilic) and the non image areas which are not to print remain water-receptive (hydrophilic).
As the technology progressed, use of Lithographic lime stone for printing by Litho printing process was replaced with repeatedly usable metallic plates like Zinc and Aluminium as the metallic plates could be subjected to surface grinding to erase the temporarily adhering previous images for reuse of the plate again and again by using certain material like fine sand stone and glass balls combined with water followed by certain acid treatments. The process was cumbersome, needed not only more space to accommodate the machineries and equipments, but also more processing time was required. Most importantly the quality of the image and the ink absorbency depended on the surface angle of the pits created after the plate had been grained thereby necessitating a perfect graining process. The surface angle of the pits depended on the process of graining and materials used in the graining process. Actually all these combined problems led to the necessity of invention of some material to be used as printing plates and thus led to the invention of the Polymer plates.
Photo Polymer plate was invented to process the plates in the shortest possible time at lower cost besides eliminating entire pre processing time. Those plates can not be reused also. There was another reason to glee over introduction of Photo Polymer plates which did not require dampening the plate during print process. The printing process with Photo Polymer plates which had the image areas in relief and needed non engagement of dampening system was called Dry Offset Printing which in strict sense was the combination of Letterpress and Offset Printing process.
Before a metal plate like Zinc or Aluminium could be processed for Offset printing, its surface needed to be subjected to certain mechanical and chemical action to turn it to hold the image areas on its surface for printing on the machines. Since the basic structure of the metallic aluminium in sheet form is very smooth, when water is applied on the smooth surface, it had the tendency to bleed over the entire surface. Since the Offset printing plate need only a layer of water to stay on the non image areas and ink to remain adhered on the image areas of printing without either of them bleed into the others thus disturbing each of their functions, the surface needed to be roughened to have micro fine pits which can be created by evenly rubbing the overall surface with the use of balls and fine sand which is called graining process.
Conventional plate graining machine grinds the plate inside a tub in heave action (moving front and back) with glass balls and fine sand mixed with water put over the plate.
In short the graining process is nothing but roughening of the plate surface to remove previous images and to create fresh micro pits called grains on the same surface to enable the plates reusable several times by erasing the previous images. Such an action - graining to create micro pits on surface - provides better latitude for technical requirement such as ink/water balance on press, cause less trouble with dirt and hickeys, and less tendency for dot slur which mar the quality of image on print.
Prior to the introduction of Photo Polymer plates, the outdated technology of mechanical graining process got converted into electrolytic graining called anodizing process by which thin tin sheet was electrolytically deposited with a thin layer of rough surfaced aluminium to use as printing plate as against the conventional Zinc and Aluminium plates. When anodized metal plate was found to function as good as grained plate, the annodization process replaced the mechanical plate graining process thus paving way for the introduction of Anodized aluminium plates for use as printing plates for small Offset printers on small to medium size machines. When anodized aluminium plate was introduced, simultaneously one more intermediary plate with Paper base was also introduced for use on small Offset machines.
A special paper based metal sprayed printing plate with laminated back, meant for use on small Offset Printing machines like Romayor, Rota print, Swift, and Adast Offset machines was introduced prior to the introduction of Anodized Aluminium plates. Their usage is gradually diminishing due to the electronic and digital printing. Special Paper plates, also called Rotamasta Paper were similar to thin anodized aluminium plates and supplied with special non stretchable laminated paper base coated with some kind of material similar to the properties of Zinc or Aluminium plates. Even though their use is diminishing, still in some parts of the world small Offset printers continue to use them. Being flexible material the print matter could be photo copied directly on Xerox machines or typed directly on a typewriter machine, but using special typewriter carbon ribbon instead of conventional typewriter ribbons. Even direct writing with special oil receptive ink was possible for adding sketches or drawings along with the text material typed or copied on the plate. Once the image are formed as above, the plates are treated with a special solution supplied along with the paper plates that convert the surface properties of the plates to that of Offset printing plates - water resistant on image areas, and ink resistant on non image areas. The Paper plates were meant for short run copies on small offset presses and were made available to the maximum size of A3. Though these plates were found easier and quicker to produce and handle, certain limitations as experienced in the technical aspects including registering the images led to the development of the production of thin anodized aluminium plates.
In the first instance after thick Aluminium plates, reusable several times by graining process emerged as alternative to the conventional Zinc plates which was the only metallic plate used initially, the emergence of Anodized Aluminium plates further proved to be boon in this sphere. In fact only the Anodized Aluminium plates opened up the avenue for the development of Pre sensitized plates in early 80s since most of the Pre sensitized plates were initially supplied on Anodized Aluminium plates only.
Anodization is a process by which extremely hard aluminium oxide is electrolytically deposited on the surface of a grained aluminium or tin sheet which further converts the plate surface into corrosion resistance aluminium. The anodized layer has several micro pores or micro pits, the pattern of which could be compared to a honeycomb. Thus the Anodized Aluminium plate which undergo the annodization process turns the metal surface into twin quality material such as water-receptive and oil receptive one. The anodized plates behave similar to conventional aluminium plates and are economical for small offset presses, easy to use and work well on the press. These plates were improvised version of Paper based plates. Anodized plates are also reusable by recycling them for a few times by performing chemical graining (removing the old image by etching process) instead of subjecting them to mechanical graining. The process of erasing and re imaging even for few times provided not only economic advantages but also environmental benefit as well.
However whether the printing plates required for printing were of Zinc or Aluminium, they could be made ready for printing only by two or three processes called Albumen or Glue plate making processes or Deep Etch process of plate making whose sensitizer and processing solutions were entirely different in nature. Conventionally the metallic plates like Zinc or Aluminium required for printing used to be processed by first coating them with some light sensitive solution, allow them to dry and then exposing the coated plates through negatives or positives to transfer the print image over them. The exposed plate underwent certain chemical treatments to get the print image firmly stay over the surface of the plate for further printing. The entire process involved several steps of processing which consumed much time.
As said earlier the development of Anodized plates which were primarily meant for short-run copies was instrumental in the development of plates' called Wipe on Plates and 'Pre sensitized plates' which eliminated several intermediate processes. While the Wipe on plates were meant for making plates using Negative, the Pre Sensitized plates were made available to work both with Negative and Positives. While the Wipe on Plates were to be hand coated with special sensitizer solution, the Pre Sensitized plates were ready to use (directly exposable with negative or positive) pre sensitizer coated plates which needed no hand coating of sensitizer.
Before the introduction of the Pre sensitizer coated plates Wipe on plates were introduced processing printing plates in the quickest possible time eliminating certain pre exposure equipments. Since a ready to use sensitizer solution which was made available was swiped (wiped) on the anodized aluminium plate by hand with a plain cotton wool or smooth soft cloth dampened with the sensitizer solution such processed plates were called Wipe on Plates. The coating could not be expected to be uniform, but the hand coated plate dried in few minutes after swiping the plate with the sensitizer solution, allowed it to dry, exposed with negative or positive and then washed with water and a special solution supplied along with ready to use sensitizer to make ready the plate for printing. The Wipe on plates were easy and quick to process, but the reproduction of the halftone images were not as good as normal processed plates because of non uniform coating by hand. The plates processed as above, called Wipe on Plates helped the small printers to quickly prepare plates for short run copies at short intervals. Such type of plates were not made available for printing by Letterpress, Gravure or by Intaglio and only for Offset printing plates they were available.
With the sole aim of quickening the processing of plates eliminating time consuming steps, the printing plates like Wipe on Plates and Pre sensitizer coated plates were introduced between 1975 to 1985 under product names Wipe on Plates and Pre sensitized plates. The plates processed by these techniques were meant for small to medium print orders and did not withstand long run copies.
With the passage of time in order to produce plates which can give several thousand copies without quality loss, use of multi layer metallic plates made ready by electrolytic process were introduced for Offset printing. Initially they too were negative and positive working plates, but could not be made available in the form of Pre sensitized plates. The electroplating process based plates had to undergo various steps. The concept of use of multi metal plates gained momentum and two types of multi metal plates were in use. One was called Bi metal plate meaning combination of two metals, while the other one was called Tri metal plates- a combination of three metals.
What is Bi metal plate?
Generally the Bi metal plates consists of either Aluminium or Steel base on which Copper was coated in the image areas to hold the images. The Aluminium or Steel based plates used to be coated with special sensitizer solution, exposed through negative or positive as the case may be, and treated with chemicals to ensure that the image areas bare the base metal Aluminium or Steel. In the second step a layer of copper used to be deposited on those open areas of Aluminium or Steel. The Copper has the oil absorbing ability (oleophilic) while the base plate Aluminium or Steel is more of water receptive (hydrophilic). Finally when the plate is washed it was left with the image areas in copper and the non image areas showing Aluminium or Steel metal. The finished plate, chemically treated was protected to prevent their surface getting rusted till the same is fitted on the machine for printing.
Similarly the other type of Bi metal plate consists of coating Chromium over a base metal plate like Copper or Brass and then processed to etch away the Chromium coating from the image areas exposing either the Copper or Brass base which will form the image areas. The Brass or Copper will accept the ink as they have oleophilic properties while the Chromium will act as water absorbing hydrophilic metal. However the Bi metal plates could only be used for printing by Offset process and for long run of single job due to economics on cost.
What is Tri metal plate?
One other plate meant for Offset printing is called Tri metal plates which is a plate made with three metal combination. The base metal used to be steel or aluminium over which a thin layer of copper coating used to be given. Over the thin layer of copper, again a thin layer of chromium coating used to be given. By subjecting the plates to processing like coating with sensitizer solution, exposing through negatives or positives followed by special chemical treatment the chromium is etched away from the image areas, showing the copper layer below on the image areas. The chromium which has the properties of water receptive (hydrophilic) remains as the non-image areas of the plate while the Copper which has oil (ink) absorbing ability (oleophilic) remains as the image areas over the plate. Both the coatings are held firmly over over the surface of steel or aluminium base metal. This again is a slightly complicated, time consuming process and the cost of producing the plate is also much higher.
There were advantages as well as disadvantage in the use of both the Bi and Tri metal plates. They undoubtedly gave very long runs compared to all other plates fitted on the machines, but very expensive and time consuming process is involved in producing such plates. Therefore only the printers whose print orders used to be millions of copies of the same print were beneficiaries, while the small and medium printers could not afford to have the Bi and Tri metal plates. Moreover if for some reason the plate got damaged during run, the cost benefit will be lost. However the one most important aspect lay in the use of Bi and Tri-metal plates were the non requirement of the graining process as they worked on chemical process involving the principle of electroplating .
While the production of plates by this process waned away with the emergence of Photo polymer plates, the same principle of Bi and Tri metal combination re emerged in a different form paving the way for the production of plates for Intaglio printing process.
The Bi and Tri metal technique of plate making opened up the avenue for making plates for the Intaglio process of printing. The process involves four stages of processing- all based on electroplating technique and found to be not only cumbersome, time consuming but also needed several equipments and machineries besides sufficient space. The processing of this type of plate involved something like first preparation of moulded plastic (images in relief) from master steel engraved die (images in depth) which hold the final image to be printed. Several moulded plastic (images in relief) moulds taken out of the master plate is laid out to final format of plate based on the print layout; from the said laid out mould, multiple up copper plate is (images in depth) produced by electroplating process, from which a Nickel plate (images in relief) is produced again by electroplating process, from which the plates needed for the printing machines are produced as chromium plates (images in depth) by electroplating process. Each of the Chromium plate has to undertake few tons of pressure over it during the process of image transfer from plate to paper, still retaining same size and shape. Since ready to use plates can not undertake such transfer process invention of machines like Computer to direct Plates became necessary.
One of the plates used in Printing is the specially pre sensitized Photo Polymer printing plates, meant for Dry Offset or Letterpress printing and which can be taken out from the box and directly exposed with negative or positive and simply washed with water or alcohol to get the relief image. No special solution is necessary to process the plates. The light passing through the negative or positive polymerizes the image areas and harden them to show in relief as the image areas which will remain insoluble in water or alcohol. They are then dried and preserved for printing.
Photo polymer is a synthetic material which is made available in sheet form and is sensitive to light. The photo polymer or light-activated resin changes its properties when exposed to light, often in the ultraviolet or visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The Polymer has the tendency to get hardened when exposed to ultraviolet light and the extent of hardness is related to the amount of UV light it receives.
The Photo Polymer plate consists of a layer of thick photo polymer material coated over thin sheet of metals like aluminium or steel. Photo polymer plate which is photosensitive material is exposed through the negative under UV light to form the image areas. After exposure when the plate is washed out with water or alcohol the hardened areas remain insoluble in water or alcohol and the unexposed polymer gets washed away either in water or in alcohol. The hardened areas remain the image area in relief form since the unexposed areas surrounding it gets washed away.
One most important aspect of the Polymer plate is that they are ready to use plates supplied in the form of pre coated plates, i.e. sensitizer solution combined Polymer, Nylon or even Acrylic material which need no processing in the conventional manner, thereby eliminating certain processes before exposing the plates through Negative or Positive films. In strict sense they could be termed an extension of Pre sensitized metal plates, but relied on most advanced graphic arts technology.
The first synthetic based photo polymer plates for imaging applications were reportedly invented in America sometime in the year 1952 aimed at processing of photo engraving and Offset plates. As these transitions in the process of making plates for the Offset and Letterpress were going on till late 1990, the invention of Polymer plates silently emerged sometime from the year 1955 itself or a little later when Time Inc, a Multinational mass media corporation established in US (in 1922) which owns and publishes over 100 magazine brands, most notably its flagship magazine called Time came out with a Nylon based Polymer plate meant for Letterpress process. It was called Tylon Plates. The offshoot of Tylon plate was development of Dycril and Nylon based Nyloprint printing plates. Close on the heel came developments of Photopolymer plates from DuPont and BASF.
In the year 1960 DuPont came out with Polymer plate in the name of Dycril plates which was acrylic based while in 1968 BASF came out with similar plate in the name Nyloprint which was nylon based. However all those plates were only usable in Letter press and Offset process besides Flexo printing process. Both the plates had to be washed (developed) with alcohol solution for reproduction of image on the plates for subsequent printing.
In further development much later BASF came out with water washable plates replacing alcohol wash. Closely following these developments one other American conglomerate namely 'E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company', commonly referred to as DuPont, initially established in the year 1802 as a gunpowder mill diversified its activities to develop Polymer products such as Vespel, neoprene, nylon, Teflon, Mylar, Tyvek etc. Their initial product Photo polymer plate was named Dycril printing plate. In mid of 1970 some of the Japanese firms like Toray industries, Printlight industries and Tokyo Ohka Kogyo too entered into the field of production of Photo Polymer printing plates.


Do you know how cool it is to reply to a compliment on your clothes or accessories with, "Thanks, I made it!"? The benefits of knitting are so vast and rewarding, from boosting your confidence, to contributing to environmental sustainability, to discovering a social and fun community of creative friends - knitting is so much more than a craft - it is a way of being that empowers you to create, connect, and heal.
We are so excited to take you on this journey of creative wellness and facilitate your handmade lifestyle! This class has been designed for absolute beginners and is excellent to take with friends or alone.
This class is excellent to take with "Intro to Knitting: Part 2"
This is a one-session, 2-hour workshop offered on the following dates.
Required Materials: All required materials, (yarn, knitting needles, and tapestry needles), are included in the class fee.
Please arrive at least 30 minutes before the start of your class to choose your yarn colour.