This column should give you all of the information you need to know (and maybe more than you care to know!) about how to save money on natural gas.
Prices for some time have been at historic or near historic lows and the forecasts are that they will continue to stay low.
Also, because it's based on a state-approved formula, the SCO is transparent, unlike marketers' variable prices.
That formula is set each year during a competitive auction in February. That auction determines the "adder" price for one year. The SCO is based on the New York Mercantile Exchange price on the third to last day in the previous month, plus the "adder," which is generally anything from a few cents to a few dollars.
That new formula goes into effect with April/May bills, depending on your billing cycle.
The new "adder" after April 2019 is 22 cents per thousand cubic feet (mcf), up 15 cents from 7 cents/mcf.
While it is a little higher than last year and previous years, let's put it in perspective. I looked back to 2008 and the adder was $2.33. That was the high. It has been steadily coming down, for a few years it was in the $1 range and even negative or close to wholesale in recent years.
It's still pretty cheap. Even with a 15 cent bump, the average residential household uses 100 mcf a year, so that's $15 a year.
Customers who are already on the SCO don't have to do a thing. You continue to get the SCO unless you choose your own provider for a fixed rate or a variable rate from another marketer or through an aggregation, which is a government bulk-buying group.
Every year in April, Dominion randomly re-assigns the winning bidders in the auction to customers, so you may see a new name on your bill next to the SCO, but it should make no difference to you. The winning bidders for the SCO for 2019 are: United Energy, DTE Gas Supply, Direct Energy and Titan Gas. Additional suppliers may also decide they want to be SCO providers, so there may be a few other names on your bills. Just look for the SCO letters.
While I know a lot of readers have followed me in choosing the SCO and are saving money, there are a lot of people who haven't gotten around to it.
I totally get it. I'm a working mother of two teens and we are constantly on the run. Heck, if I didn't keep track of natural gas prices for a living, maybe I wouldn't have gotten around to pulling out my bill.
But it could be costing you a lot of extra money, so it's worth a quick review.
In April 2016, I wrote a column filled with statistics showing that Ohio consumers were overpaying for their natural gas by millions of dollars because they hadn't updated their choices or adequately shopped.
So while like I feel like a broken record, or a nagging and concerned wife, it's time for you to pull out your gas bill and make sure you're getting the best deal or to confirm that what you think you are signed up for is really what you are getting.
So go grab your bill and let's walk through what you need to do.
And as I've said before: If you make a different decision than me, I'm not going to be hurt. Some people like to find a fixed rate that they think is fair with a low cancellation fee and forget about it.
The SCO, a monthly rate determined by a state-approved formula, is determined by using the closing price on the third to last day of the previous month on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) plus an "adder," which is determined every April in a supplier auction. In a February 2019 auction, the adder came in at 22 cents/mcf.
In the last year, the SCO has ranged from a low of $2.64/mcf (March 2018) and a high of $4.79/mcf (December 2018 for a temporary increase that went down the next month to $3.72/mcf).
Dominion Energy Ohio's monthly natural gas price for residential customers who are on the Standard Choice Offer (SCO) is staying the same for April.
The SCO price, effective April 15, when rounded to the nearest cent is $2.93 per thousand cubic feet (mcf), the same rate as March.
The April rate is 17 cents or 5.8 percent higher than the price a year ago or $2.76./mcf.
The April rate also reflects the new "adder" of 22 cents/mcf for the state-approved formula to set each month's rate, up from 15 cents/mcf.
The utility estimates the average residential customer's bill for the month of April would be $56.25, up $2.22, or 4.1 percent, from $54.03 in April 2018.
All customers pay a fixed $28.14 for the basic monthly charge. Customers also pay a usage-based charge to transport the gas to the home, and gross-receipts tax.
I continue to recommend the SCO. Prices have continued to beat fixed-rate prices offered by marketers and are still quite low.
(If you live in the Columbia Gas territory, your pricing structures are different, but the principles are the same and the SCO would also be my choice.) When I consulted with Jeff Murphy, Dominion East Ohio vice president and general manager, he said he often will take a look at the NYMEX futures prices for the upcoming winter and come up with an average to use as a "marker" when looking at fixed rates.
How do I know if I'm already on the SCO?
Pull out your Dominion bill.
You are looking for the price you pay, which is close to the MCF usage on your bill. Bills vary, but look on the left-hand column above "total current charges" for the correct section.
If your bill has the letters "SCO" next to a supplier, you are good to go and you don't have to do anything. As long as the bill says SCO, the supplier itself doesn't matter. Every year in April, Dominion randomly re-assigns the winning bidders in the auction to customers, so you may see a new name on your bill next to the SCO, but it should make no difference to you.
You will continue to get the SCO unless you choose your own provider for a fixed rate or a variable rate from another marketer or through an aggregation, which is a government bulk-buying group.
You can also use an educational website Dominion has set up, www.tinyurl.com/domeducate, with pictures of sample bills, to help you find where your supplier costs are.
How do I get the SCO?
As you spot-check your bill, if you are still on a fixed rate, or higher than the SCO, find out how much time is left on your contract and if there is a cancellation fee. Some fees can be hefty — but you likely will save — if your rate is high.
The average household uses about 100 mcf of gas a year. Take the difference between prices and multiply by 100 to see the savings.
To switch to the SCO, call Dominion at 800-362-7557 from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. Monday through Friday. Mondays tend to be the among the busiest days, so perhaps pick a different day to call.
Tell Dominion you want to cancel your current provider and switch. You have to specifically ask for the SCO, or Dominion will move you to the nonregulated MVR by the third month instead of the SCO, which you don't want because they are those unregulated variable rates.
It will take up to two billing cycles to switch to what is called an "SSO" (the same price as the SCO). If by the third month, you see "MVR" instead of "SCO," call Dominion.
During the time you have the SSO, don't worry that the price looks higher.
Despite my advocating for Dominion to change their bill, it does not give you a separate line item for delivery charges, so that SSO price includes both the SCO and delivery charges, which everyone pays. In small print, it will list the SCO price. One note: a PUCO change a few years ago means nonresidential customers are no longer eligible for the SCO and must choose their own provider or pay the MVR. You can read below for your choices if you're a small nonresidential customer.
What if I just want a fixed rate?
That's up to you. I understand that some people just want that stability, even if they know that might mean they pay a little more or less (depending on the SCO pricing and market) for peace of mind.
You can research fixed and variable rates on the Public Utilities Commission of Ohio's Apples to Apples chart, www.energychoice.ohio.gov or 800-686-7826. Make sure you choose "Dominion East Ohio" for your territory.
Some of the monthly variable prices sometimes look competitive to the SCO, but keep in mind most of the marketers don't have a formula they will share, so their prices could swing or they could offer a cheap price one month and high the next. They also may have a lag and are reporting last month's rate.
I did crunch some numbers and utilized an archive website that let me look up those NYMEX futures prices from previous years. I then took the average winter price, adjusted it with the "adder" at the time, and compared it to the SCO prices for every year since 2012.
In looking at four year's of winter data, 2012 through 2015, the average SCO beat the average adjusted futures price three out of the four years. It beat it by 83 cents in winter of 2015, 62 cents in 2014 and 66 cents in 2012. In 2013, the SCO was 20 cents higher than the adjusted futures average, but that's still not too bad, in my opinion.
Prices look to be moderate by historical standards, both with the SCO and fixed prices, he said.
In some ways, we've gotten spoiled with these low prices because we forget that there were many years when we thought a $9.99/mcf or even a $12/mcf price was cheap while other prices soared to $16/mcf.
Since none of us have that crystal ball to know exactly what will happen with prices, I can't give you the slam-dunk answer. But what I can tell you is that the difference in our bills if you stick with the SCO, like me, or take a fixed rate, is pretty minimal, so we are not talking about hundreds of dollars difference.
Where there may be hundreds of dollars of difference is if you are still stuck on a high fixed rate that you never got around to checking on or if you are with a marketer's own variable rate, which can sometimes be quite high.
I've written a lot about aggregations, or bulk-buying via communities, but there still seems to be confusion about them. Community officials created aggregation groups in the early 2000s, after voters passed ballot measures allowing the groups to be formed. Officials have told me over the years that they do their best to get the best price, but there's no guarantee that the price is the best or will beat what you can get on your own, or lately with the SCO. Aggregations automatically include community members who haven't actively chosen their own fixed rate or variable rate supplier. For those of us on the SCO, though we've "chosen" that, for aggregation purposes, we're still included in the aggregations, unless we opt-out, so make sure you don't ignore those notices.
If you inadvertently get switched to an aggregation, call Dominion and say you want to switch back, but you will have to go through the process to switch and remember, you must request the SCO. Aggregation contracts typically don't have cancellation fees, so you can always join — and if the SCO continues to beat it, you can leave.
Aggregations are on different cycles, but many renew in the fall.
I have not seen competitive rates that beat the SCO via most community aggregations, so I usually suggest that you opt-out.
Two exceptions for an area aggregation plan worth considering are the City of Akron's natural gas plan, which was announced in January 2019. Here's my column explaining my opinion on that.
Also, another is NOPEC, or the Northeast Ohio Public Energy Council. The consortium of about 230 governments with nearly 400,000 electricity customers and more than 500,000 natural gas customers has mostly included northern Summit County and Portage County in our area.
Summit County townships and the city of New Franklin joined NOPEC beginning in October 2017. The newest community to join NOPEC is Cuyahoga Falls in early 2018. (Summit County's aggregation contract is not for other communities in the county; most have their own aggregations).
A reminder about how aggregations work: Unless you have specifically chosen a marketer on your own, say for a fixed or variable rate (the SCO doesn't count), then you will receive a letter and you will automatically be included in the aggregation, unless you opt out by mail or a phone call.
Back to NOPEC and here's where it gets a little confusing.
NOPEC usually offers two programs to its natural gas customers: what it calls its "Program Price," which is typically competitive with the market and can change anywhere from monthly to every 60 days or so.
It also offers a variable price that is guaranteed to be 2 cents/mcf below the SCO. NOPEC customers automatically get the "program price," unless they specifically call for the 2-cent-below plan. A note about that plan: while it beats the SCO by 2 cents and that's good, given the cheap prices of the SCO, the average residential customer uses 100 mcf a year, so we're talking about a $2 a year savings. So don't lose any sleep over this.
NOPEC natural gas "program price" customers in the Dominion territory changes. For the most up-to-date rates, go to www.nopec.org. The rate in the fall of 2018 was $3.39/mcf fixed. It was $3.75/mcf in October and November and $4.99 since December (because of the unusual market price spike at the end of November. The mid January to February 2019 price will be $4.49 and NOPEC Marketing Director Dave Jankowski said the price will be set monthly during the winter to avoid volatility. NOPEC customers also have access to the 2-cent-below the SCO price, you request it.
In my opinion, either of NOPEC's options is fine. I'd prefer the 2-cent-below the SCO, but you must call back yearly to request it.
NOPEC also has separate electric rates for participating communities (not all natural gas NOPEC communities are electric). Again, to find the most up-to-date rates, go to www.nopec.org. As of January 2019, the electricity rates are 6.330/kwh for its program price for Ohio Edison customers in the aggregation and 5.072/kwh for those who chose the variable program, which is 6 percent off the "price to compare."
NOPEC Executive Director Chuck Keiper said the options are available for people to decide. The program price is sometimes slightly bove or below the SCO for natural gas.
Most people choose the program price, Keiper said. "Most people want to take their hands off the wheel," he said.
Also, NOPEC has separate aggregation groups for electricity and natural gas. Summit County customers are still on an aggregation plan with FirstEnergy Solutions for electricity and Cuyahoga Falls has its own municipal electric company.
Information about NOPEC or pricing can be found at www.nopec.org or by calling 855-667-3201.
Customers on the SCO or those who don't have their own contract with a natural gas provider are automatically included on lists Dominion is required to share with retail marketers and aggregation groups. If you don't want on those lists, opt out through Dominion. Go online to https://www.dominionenergy.com/home-and-small-business/energy-choice/eligible-customer-list, call 800-362-7557 or write Dominion at Box 5759, Cleveland, OH 44101-0759.
Tell them you want to get off the "Eligible Customer List."
I've done this so that I don't accidentally get grouped into my community's aggregation contract, if I happen to miss the opt-out notice in the mail.
This doesn't mean all gas offers by mail will end. I still get some offers, likely because I'm still on some mailing lists as a former customer.
Budget billing is an option offered to give customers a way to have consistent payments by estimating usage based on normal weather, historical consumption and the customer's rate at the time of enrollment or during the annual review in May. A review is also conducted in November to make any necessary adjustments to minimize large over-or underpayments for the annual true-up in May.
It's a way for customers to spread out the costs of their heating bill over the course of a year where they will be paying the same amount year-round instead of paying the high actual costs during the winter. It also means that during the summer months when very little natural gas is being used, you're paying a higher amount.
I have been using budget billing for years and find it very helpful so I don't get huge swings in my bills during the winter heating months. Plus, for the last several years with SCO rates being so low, my budget bill amounts have been incredibly low. In fact, this year, I went four months this summer not having to pay anything since I had a balance and now my budget has been adjusted to just under $50 a month.
What about nonresidential, nonprofit, church or small-business accounts?
If you are a small business or nonresidential account, such as a church, the state eliminated the SCO choice for you in 2013.
The PUCO allowed Dominion to eliminate the SCO for commercial or nonresidential customers. Consumer advocates at the time said removing the benchmark was unfair, and the system wasn't broken. Dominion officials said the market could become more competitive if the SCO wasn't available to commercial customers.
For those customers who can't get the SCO, you are getting a Monthly Variable Rate (MVR), which is a non-regulated monthly variable if you haven't made your own choice. MVR rates can be high, since there are no regulations, so keep an eye on them.
There is no site where you can compare the MVR or nonresidential rates but you can use the PUCO's chart at www.energychoice.ohio.gov as a starting point to see residential prices and phone numbers to consider what companies to call and ask for their nonresidential rates.
Another option is to check with an association, such as your church denomination, regional conference, or other small group, to see if they have created an aggregation group or bulk buying group to save on utilities. Some church denominations participate in aggregations. If you do choose a variable, since wholesale rates are cheap now, know that most companies don't share how they determine their variable rates, so you'll have to keep an eye on them.
If you don't want to do that, or need some stability for your budget given the lack of transparency with the SCO pricing, then consider finding a fixed rate with a cancellation fee your organization can live with (or just stick with it for the contract term length) or try the MVR and keep an eye on the pricing, though that's tougher.
People often ask about my advice for electricity offers. It's not as simple as the SCO and natural gas. You can shop around at www.energychoice.ohio.gov and look for a fixed rate, comparing it to your "price to compare" on your bill, an individualized number that you would save if you switch based on your usage. If you switch, watch contract lengths, price and cancellation fees.
Most communities are under an aggregation with Akron-based FirstEnergy Solutions. In the all of 2018, FirstEnergy Solutions (FES), which separated from FirstEnergy Corp. and was seeking bankruptcy protection, had reached an agreement with Constellation to take the contracts and customers would see no change. In December, FES exercised its option to terminate the Constellation deal and continues to honor all contracts, the company said. The company is working on emerging from bankruptcy. If you have questions about your contract, call 888-254-6359.
If you are with a NOPEC aggregation, take a look at the information I included above.
Again, for those of you who want to shop around for a new provider, choosing an electricity provider is not as simple as a gas provider. You can see competitive offers at www.energychoice.ohio.gov.
There are often calls or offers that marketers send to your house offering a free month of electricity or saying they're cheaper than the utility. Make sure you're doing your proper research. Often, their prices are not cheaper, even with one month free.
Also, remember that only about 55 percent of an electric bill, called the generation portion, is "shoppable" for customers looking for the best rate. The other 45 percent is set by regulators and cannot change.
Most communities are on that FirstEnergy Solutions contract getting 6 percent off your "price to compare" with a $25 cancellation fee.


Nicole Zavala got her start in the Interior design Industry after receiving her degree in Interior Design in 2002. For the last 15 years, she has been fortunate enough to work in the South Bay on homes near where she grew up and currently lives with her husband and two children.
While most of Nicole's design background has been in Kitchen and Bathroom design, she loves every aspect of the design process and transforming a space. Executing a great design, while working within a client's budget and timeline is something that she always has on her mind. She prides herself on her great client relationships during and much after the project has been completed.
Along with designing fun spaces, Nicole has contributed to a promotional video for Caesarstone titled, "Why Caesarstone?" As well as, technical drawings for the NKBA Professional Resource Library which is the leading resource for student and professional kitchen and bath designers.


text:
'Queen Of Crime' PD James Was A Master Of Her Craft
Published November 27, 2014 at 4:18 PM EST
Today, we're remembering an author who was known as the Queen of Crime. Phyllis Dorothy James, P.D. James to her fans around the world, died today at her home in Oxford, England, at age 94. She followed in a long tradition of great, British detective novelists. And she was known for her intricately plotted stories and gristly crime scenes. James described the basic form of the murder mystery novel in an interview with NPR five years ago.
(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED BROADCAST)
PHYLLIS DOROTHY JAMES: What we have is essential mysterious crime, which is usually murder. We have a close circle of suspects with means, motive and opportunity for the crime. We have a detective, who can be amateur or professional, who comes in rather like an avenging deity to solve it. And by the end, we do get a solution.
SHAPIRO: James's avenging deity is a professional, a Scotland Yard detective.
UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR: (Answering telephone) Dalgliesh .
JAMES: His name is Dalgliesh. I named him after my English teacher at school. And in fact, it is a Scottish name.
SHAPIRO: Commander Adam Dalgliesh is a quiet, introspective man, a brilliant investigator who also writes poetry.
JAMES: I gave him the personal qualities that I very much admire. And I made him courageous but not foolhardy, very intelligent, sensitive and compassionate but not sentimental.
SHAPIRO: P.D. James was born in 1920. She didn't publish her first book until 1962, at age 42. And even as her literary career took off, she kept her day job. She was a civil servant in the British Home Office, where she worked in the forensic science and criminal law department. She served as a governor of the BBC, and in 1991, P.D. James was named Baroness James of Holland Park by Queen Elizabeth II. Of course, she was best known around the world as a writer, a master of her craft who drew comparisons to Agatha Christie. In a 2005 interview with NPR, P.D. James spoke of the enduring appeal of the murder mystery novel.
JAMES: Human beings love puzzles. And, of course, with the detective story, you do get a story. You get vicarious excitement and danger. You get the satisfaction of the puzzle. But I also think you get psychological satisfaction. The detective novel - at a time when any of us certainly could meet our death in the underground or any building or on any airport lounge by terrorists - this is a comforting thought, which says that even the most unpleasant people have a right to live their lives to the last natural moment and that murder is still a unique crime. In other words, I think that detective story affirms our belief that we live in a rational and a model and comprehensible universe, despite all the evidence which is coming to us that we do no such thing.
SHAPIRO: That's author P.D. James. She died today at her home in Oxford, England, at age 94. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
HeronRobots
People info
Robotics Books from Amazon
Robot Social Bookmarks from del.icio.us
HeronRobots Blog
"robotics" - Google News
Amazon Looks Beyond Speakers With Alexa-Powered Home Robots - Motley Fool
universal robots launches authorized training centers for collaborative robots worldwide - Vision Systems Design
50 Years After Moon Landing, Robots Continue to Explore the Cosmos - Robotics Business Review
ABI Research Announces the Hot Tech Robotics Innovators Advancing Mobility, Lowering Adoption Barriers & Improving Collaboration with Humans - BTCNN
CloudMinds files for $500M IPO for cloud-based service robots - Robot Report
You are here: HeronRobots About People info
Heron gathers a group of passionate people who aim to make the concept of 'intelligent autonomous agent' an everyday reality, and to set new standards in service robotics. This is a challenging task which is pursued through a network of research and business connections with some of the most active people and organization in the robotics community.
Fabio Bonsignorio
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. is founder and CEO of Heron Robots. He is currently a professor at the Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna (Pisa, Italy).He has been a professor at the University Carlos III of Madrid (www.uc3m.es, roboticslab.uc3m.es) where he has been awarded the Santander Chair of Excellence in Robotics in 2009.
He has been working in the R&D departments of several major Italian and American companies, mainly in the applications of intelligent systems and technology transfer with cordination/management responsibilities for some 20 years.
He is author or co-author of about 140 publications in the areas of robotics, cognition and manufacturing systems in the last three years, since he became an almost full time researcher. His first paper on robot control dates back to 1985.
He is puzzled by foundational and epistemological issues in (embodied) cognition and robotics, while chasing viable real world applications.
His preferred research topics are in advanced robotics: cognition, control, modeling, software architectures, epistemological issues in robotics, performance evaluation and foundational issues like 'morphological computation'. He has pionereed and introduced the topic of Reproducible Research and Benchmarking in Robotics and AI, where is one of the leading experts. He is an Associate Editor of the IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine. He is author or co-author of about 140 publications in the areas of robotics, cognition and manufacturing systems in the last few years, since he became an almost full time researcher. He coordinated the EURON Special Interest Group on Good Experimental Methodology and Benchmarking in Robotics, is cochair of the IEEE RAS TC-Pebras and has been a boardmember of EURON III. He is a member of the Euron Training Board (the GeorgeGiralt PhD Award jury). He has been reviewer for several conferences and journals inside and outside IEEE. He is project reviewer for Ecsel and has been for FP7. He was a member of the joint Europ-Euron-other experts restricted team preparing the Robotics Public Private Partnership in Horizon 2020, the successor program at EU level of FP7. He contributed together with other 9 leading European experts in robotics to the Echord report on the state of robotics in USA and Asia. He is the coordinator of the euRobotics Topic Group on Experiment Replication, Benchmarking, Challenges and Competitions and is co-chair of the IEEE TC-Pebras. He has participated to design and launch the new euCognition society, he is now a member of the euCogniton society steering commitee. He has been publication chair in the 2014 IEEE RAS Humanoids 2014 conference. He has been general co-chair of the IEEE RAS 2015 Summer School on Replicable and Measurable Robotics Research. He has been the corresponding and more active editor of the Special Issue on Replicable and Measurable Robotics Research on IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine, appeared in September 2015. This special issue is the very first example of an higher impact archival robotics journal issue with replicable and measurable results pioneering Reproducible Research in RAS and to a certain extent IEEE at large.
Copyright © 2019 HeronRobots. All Rights Reserved. P.IVA 01726850991.


text:
music / Pop
Stream: Lana Del Rey, "West Coast"
Lana Del Rey shares the first single from her upcoming full-length, Ultraviolence.
By Patrick D. McDermott, Patrick D. McDermott
I can hear Lana Del Rey's new song, "West Coast" blaring from my editor's office down the hall; I think he's on his second or third listen, and no one's complained yet because it sounds really, really nice. You can kind of imagine it playing from a jukebox at the Viper Room or something, like a drugged-up and unearthly "California Dreamin." The song—our first official preview of her upcoming LP, Ultraviolence—is another Lana love letter to old Hollywood, and for four minutes of music she's the only "silver starlet" that exists, the leading lady of her own iconic film on loop. Below, watch her sing a verse a cappella on stage in Las Vegas, and for more, read Duncan Cooper's essay entitled "Why Did Lana Del Rey Make a 30-Minute Video About God and What Does It Mean For Me?"
Lana Del Rey Patrick D. McDermott
Lana Del Rey, Patrick D. McDermott, Pop


text:
Chicago - Stay The Night
Watch the official music video of Chicago - "Stay The Night"
http://www.chicagotheband.com/
https://www.facebook.com/Chicago.Official
https://twitter.com/chicagotheband
"Stay the Night" is a song written by Peter Cetera and David Foster for the group Chicago and recorded for their album Chicago 17 (1984), with Cetera singing lead vocals. More upbeat and heavier Rock-oriented, it was the first single released from that album, and reached #16 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart.
More information on this artist is available in the last.fm tabs below.
1984 80s Chicago Rock & Alternative
Pick and Click one of the menu tabs above for more artist info.
Or click the artist name tag above to go to the artist page.
All artist info on these pages is
Artist: Chicago
Video title: Stay The Night
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Category: Rock & Alternative
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TrensettaTrash (w. Vez
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BLRComfort Me (ft. Mvrt)
LXIV 64Snow White (ft. NLE Choppa)
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Hudson: Data, trends, geographic popularity, meaning, and facts about the name Hudson.
• How many babies named Hudson are born every second?
• What are the chances a kid named Hudson will be the only kid named Hudson in his class?
• How similar is the naming popularity of Hudson compared to other names?
• How does Hudson rank among the top 2,500 names of the year?


text:
package b_trees_visualizer.graphic_interface.custom_panels;

import b_trees_visualizer.graphic_interface.custom_panels.BTreeScrollPanel;
import b_trees_visualizer.graphic_interface.custom_panels.NewExercisePanel;
import b_trees_visualizer.graphic_interface.custom_panels.DrawCheckRoot;
import b_trees_visualizer.graphic_interface.Applet;
import b_trees_visualizer.data_structure.BTree;

import javax.swing.JPanel;

import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.GridLayout;
import java.awt.BorderLayout;

/**
** this class provide a panel for the exercise. Include a panel that
** generate random exercise and a draw sheet for the "solution BTree"
**/

public class ExercisePanel extends JPanel{

  private BTree<Integer> tree;
  private BTreeScrollPanel treePanel;
  private int grade;

  public ExercisePanel () {

    super();

    NewExercisePanel newExercisePanel = new NewExercisePanel ();

    /** draw sheet **/
    /*
    * the panel used set draw sheet and draw commands
    */
    JPanel drawPanel = new JPanel ();
    drawPanel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    drawPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension (Applet.screenWidth*4/7, Applet.screenHeight));
    this.tree = new BTree<Integer> (2);
    this.treePanel = new BTreeScrollPanel (this.tree, new Dimension(Applet.screenWidth*14/30, Applet.screenHeight));
    /*
    * command panel
    */
    JPanel manPanel =  new JPanel();
    manPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(1,3,0,1));
    manPanel.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(Applet.screenWidth*1/10, Applet.screenHeight));
    DrawCheckRoot drawRoot = new DrawCheckRoot (this.treePanel, newExercisePanel);
    manPanel.add(drawRoot);

    drawPanel.add(manPanel, BorderLayout.WEST);
    drawPanel.add(this.treePanel, BorderLayout.EAST);

    this.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
    this.add(newExercisePanel, BorderLayout.WEST);
    this.add(drawPanel, BorderLayout.EAST);

  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


While driving 75 mph the consumer lost all steering and brake power preceded by a loud noise coming from the engine. The technician serviced the vehicle and replaced the broken engine crankshaft. The engine failed because lubrication failed to reach the front two piston rods. The other six piston rods and bearings showed no lubrication problems.
This truck has had a noise in the engine shortly after I purchased the truck. It has been downhill since then, I casn get all the service reports on file at bill abbott. The truck is now at cummings midwest power co. In bloomington il for anouther problem they have the head off and checking it for a problem also the crankshaft seal leaks oil this isthe second engine in this truck. I would really like to see if I could exchange this truck for a like one as I can't trust this truck. Thank you. Glenn thomas.
Oil breather cap is located in front of engine fan, forcing oil fumes into vehicle. Vehicle was sent to dealer shop on three occasions, and problem still reoccurring. Provide any further information.


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boycotts Dec. 27, 2015
Police Unions, Realizing They've Been Acting Like Comic-Book Villains, Cease Boycott of Tarantino's The Hateful Eight
By Greg Cwik
Photo: Kena Betancur/2015 Getty Images
Quentin Tarantino, who drew the ire of police unions for participating in anti-brutality protests (ugh, what a monster), doesn't have to worry about massive police protests anymore, if he was ever worried in the first place. As per the Wrap, New York Patrolman's Benevolent Association spokesperson Albert O'Leary said, "We're not giving this guy anymore free publicity. We have nothing to say about it." After making ominous threats that made them sound uncomfortably akin to comic-book villains, maybe the police unions realized they had better things to do then stage boycotts of a movie about racist cowboys.
boycotts
Police Unions Cease Boycott of The Hateful Eight
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Vannivelampatti, is a Gram panchayat in Madurai district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

History
Vannivelampatti was known as vannivalampatti which means, a village (patti) situated at the right side of the strange Vanni Vinayaka facing west at the top of the Devankkurichi hill.

Groups based on belief
Earlier the village was divided as atheist group and another as non atheist group. Apart from regular Grama Panchayat, a Grama Committee was constructed by one Mr. Kailasam Pillai. a middle school teacher and was headed by him. Consequently, the rivalry among two groups was abolished and the village was integrated.

Self Development
The village follows a  rural development method called (). Construction works were done by the grama committee without expecting any financial assistance from government. For instance, Teppakulam ( Water Tank) construction, funeral path and bridge. This is an efficient method of development and creates jobs internally and without government support.

Education
In 1950, the middle school teacher Mr. Kailasampillai, a native of this village and Mr. S.V. Subbiah, headmaster (a native of Karaikeni village) had started Noon meal scheme at the beginning of the 1950s (before noon meal scheme was introduced by state government by former chief minister of Tamil Nadu Mr. K. Kamaraj) by getting rice and pulses from farmers as donation during harvest season.

Culture

People of Vannivelampatti mainly worship Kaliamman & Mariamman incarnation of Amman. Every year a pongal festival will be celebrated in the month of June. Vannivelampatti is one of the 7 villages(Thevankurichi, T. Kallupatti, Vannivelampatti, Ammapatti, Kadaneri, Kilangulam, Satrapatti) to celebrate the Muthalamman festival every 2 years.

 Vembulaiyan (Lord Shiva )Temple Located in South Side of the village is an Ancient symbol of the culture.
 Director Susi Ganesan belongs to Vannivelampatti and many young boys pursue a career in dancing and stage shows * Electrical Engineer R.KANNAN B.E.,EEE belongs to Vannivelampatti

Economy
Agriculture is the main occupation. People use T.Kallupatti as their main hub for all needs and also with Peraiyur.

Geography
Vannivelampatti is Situated 3 km far from T.Kallupatti which is on Madurai to Rajapalayam and Virudhunagar to Theni Highways.

References

Villages in Madurai district

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
History of Causley
History of L.R. Vincent
History of George E. Campbell & Sons, Inc.
Causley Staff
George E. Campbell Staff
Causley Trucking has partnered with the Environmental Protection Agency by participating in an initiative that will lesson our carbon footprint. By providing grant funding, the EPA has helped us retire some of the less environmentally friendly equipment that we have in our fleet. We were blessed to take possession of 6 new trucks this past fall and an additional 5 were added in early 2020.
Driver Portal
2000-12-17: Causley hits a home run for safety
Michigan Center for Truck Safety presented Causley Trucking with a home run for safety award recently. We earned this award by sending all of our drivers through Driver Performance Measurement, one of the Center's two skid pads, and the National Safety Council's DDC-Professional Truck Driving program. We are the 7th company to achieve this award since 1996 and we want to thank all drivers for their professionalism, dedication, and cooperation throughout this program. At the presentation, Michigan Center for Truck Safety Chair, Capt. Robert Powers states, "Your company is one of the elite and distinguished in the area of safety training." Greg responded by saying, "This is an honor. I'll take this [award] back to the drivers and tell them that they're the ones who earned it." Thank you and congratulations to all drivers!
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'Parasite' Limited Series Coming To HBO From Bong Joon-ho & Adam McKay | TV News
10 Jan 2020 — Filed Under: TV, TV News
Bong Joon-ho's Parasite has quickly become one of the most acclaimed films of the 21st century.
It's a twisty, thrilling film, but also an apt commentary on class, and tells its story and gets its point across pretty perfectly in two hours. Which makes it a huge surprise to learn that a Parasite limited series is in the works at HBO, with Bong attached to adapt the film alongside Adam McKay of all people.
Yes, Bong teaming up with the Anchorman and Step Brothers director sounds bizarre. But McKay has stretched his dramatic muscles in recent years, helming films such as The Big Short and Vice, and being an executive producer on Succession.
Right now it's totally unclear whether this limited series will be a sequel to the existing film or an English-language remake. A sequel makes no sense – none of this really does – so an English-language remake stretched out into multiple episodes (as networks are wont to do right now) sounds more likely.
This is a bizarre announcement mostly because Parasite is very much a standalone movie that has already proven that it can, uh, stand alone. It's been getting acclaim from all corners of the earth, so why does Bong feel the need to extend the story in some way?
It's becoming a very real trend in Hollywood that any successful property cannot be left alone. Just earlier this week a sequel to Knives Out – one of the few original films to perform very well at the box office – was announced, in the hope of turning it into a franchise. It seems practically impossible for any sort of filmic success to remain as it was originally intended – a singular story – anymore.
Bong fans shouldn't fret too much though. It's not like this Parasite limited series is going to take time away from him making another film. He's said himself that he's currently working on two separate film ideas at the moment. Obviously his Parasite follow up will be heavily hyped, so his next movie can't come soon enough.
The limited series is in the very earliest stages right now. HBO reportedly won a bidding war with Netflix to secure the rights. While Parasite's themes of capitalism and class are universal, it will still be interesting to see how the story is adapted and altered for American audiences.
We'll wait for more news regarding the project. McKay is also working with HBO on two other shows. One is about Jeffrey Epstein – McKay is never one to shy away from controversy – and he's also prepping a currently untitled series about the Los Angeles Lakers.
#Peace.Love.Parasite
Taylor Gladwin
Gauche cinephile attempting to understand human interaction via obscure 70s movies. Sometimes books and music help, too.
Latest posts by Taylor Gladwin (see all)
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Reginald Maudslay
Unlike many of its Coventry competitors, the Standard Motor Company did not develop from a Bicycle Company but was founded specifically to build Motor Cars. Its founder, Reginald Maudslay was born in London and definitely underwent a privileged upbringing, being educated privately at St. David's school in Moffat and then at Marlborough College.
His father was Athol Edward Maudslay, a descendant of a famous Engineering dynasty and his mother was Kate Golder Lucas, daughter of Sir Thomas Lucas, patron of a large Victorian Civil Engineering concern.
Phil Homer describes how he founded the Standard Motor Company and its progress to the outbreak of the First World War.
Maudslay seemed destined to follow a career in civil engineering. Sponsored by his family to the tune of 500 guineas he became articled to Sir John Woolfe Barry for five years of training. Barry was an eminent Engineer responsible for Tower Bridge and many other famous projects.
Maudslay clearly excelled because his employer saw fit to pay back £50 in the final year, something that only happened to those pupils that were considered exceptional and to have earned it.
We have to look back to Reginald's great-grandfather Henry Maudslay ( 1771-1831), another great engineer responsible for the screw-cutting lathe and the first micrometer. Amongst many activities, Maudslay founded a marine engine business on the Thames. The company gained favour with the Royal Navy and was responsible for hundreds of Marine engines to be supplied for the fleet. The company passed to his Son, Walter Henry on Henry's death, but the family continued this highly successful trade.
Reginald's cousin, Cyril and his father Walter Henry set up an offshoot of the marine business in Coventry in 1902, principally to build Internal Combustion Engines for marine applications. Reginald, who had been living in some comfort in London must have been taking a real risk when he moved to Coventry to join his cousin's firm, named as Maudslay Motors.
However, Reginald did not stay with the Coventry concern for long before striking out on his own. Maudslay rented a small workshop in Smithfield Yard and set about dismantling a number of contemporary cars to learn how they worked. In early 1903 he sketched out a drawing for his first Motor Car.
He was assisted in this task by Alexander Craig, a consulting Engineer, who was working with a number of local concerns at that time. He briefed Craig by saying "I want my car to be composed purely of those components whose principals have been tried and tested and accepted as reliable standards, in fact, I will name my car the "Standard". The use of the word "Standard" has unfortunately become debased over time. In 1903, it certainly meant something "of the highest possible Standard, something to be looked up to" but it has become debased today. Never the less, the name on the cars soldiered on for 60 years before acceding to another name, Triumph.
By 1905 the company moved into the rarified (for the time) area of 6 cylinder models. This was an area not yet catered for by Rolls Royce, whose name later became synonymous with the breed, so Standard was really breaking new ground. Indeed the company issued a technical booklet, which today we would call a "white paper", extolling the virtues of smoothness and balance inherent in 6 cylinders, and indeed, an 8 cylinder configuration. Although there is no evidence that the company actually produced an 8 cylinder model, certainly the company's first 6 cylinder model, an 18/20hp dates from that year.
Another surprise, therefore, is that despite Maudslay's penchant for 6 cylinder cars, he entered a 4 cylinder 20hp car in the first International Tourist Trophy race on the Isle of Man. The car finished 11th of 44 starters, no doubt good publicity for such a young company.
The company exhibited at the Motor Show of November 1905 and fortuitously, the stand was visited by one Charles Friswell. Friswell was a Motoring evangelist, enthusiast and successful Motor trader operating from substantial premises in Camden Town. He offered to not only take all the output that Standard could produce but also guaranteed the Company overdraft allowing it to expand significantly. In return, Friswell becomes the sole distributor of Standard cars.
Friswell became chairman of the Company in January 1907, effectively demoting Maudslay, who became a salaried employee at that point. Friswells energy showed no bounds. First, he arranged to provide a fleet of twenty 6 cylinder 20hp cars to be made available for the 1909 Imperial Press Conference in London. Later that year, Friswell was knighted for his services to the Motor Industry.
It did however bring Friswell into conflict with Maudslay and his chief Engineer John Budge. Friswell had even greater ambitions for Luxury Limousines, but Maudslay was keen to exploit the market for light cars, which was emerging amongst the middle classes of Doctors and Solicitors. Things had to come to a head and when they did, Friswell offered to buy out Maudslays shares in the Company. However, he was already in debt to the company for vehicles supplied via his London Agency and could not raise the required capital.
Maudslay gathered new investors around him, Charles Band and Siegfried Bettman and they put together a successful counter-offer. Friswell relinquished his role in November 1912 and was replaced as Chairman by Band, a role he was to fulfil until the 1950s.
The end result of this political hiatus was that the go-ahead was given to develop a new small car, the Model S. Indeed it must already have been secretly on the stocks whilst Friswell was still in the chair.
The spring of 1913 saw the launch of the bull-nosed Morris, which immediately became a best-seller, proving the market for a light car really was there. Morris's approach was to buy in almost everything and just assemble the cars. Standard's business model was quite different, they were used to designing and building everything in-house and that policy continued into the Model S. This model is so significant, it is important that we spend a little time examining it.
After the behemoths that the company had recently built, the new car was tiny. The new 4 cylinder engine was just 1087cc and was coupled to a new 3-speed and reverse gearbox. The chassis had a wheelbase of just 7' 6" and a track 4' and weighed in at just 8cwt. The footbrake operated a clamp on the prop shaft whilst the handbrake operated on drums on only the rear wheels.
The first body announced was a 2 seater Tourer, named the Rhyl, which was catalogued initially at £185. Lots of things were available as options at a cost, however, including an acetylene lighting set, speedometer and an optional dickey seat that folded out of a locker on the rear of the car.
Standard did not put all their eggs in this new basket however and continued to catalogue 4 cylinder cars though the sixes were deleted. It is clear however that the "S" sold like hotcakes, at up to 50 cars a week, and a total of 1933 before the war was declared.
The Company then went over to armaments and aircraft manufacture.
The history of the Company is available here:


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Osier \o-sier\ as a boy's name is of Old English origin, and the meaning of Osier is "near the willows". Place name. Osier shoots have long been used to make baskets and wicker. Baby names that sound like Osier are Asser, Ossie and Osei. Other similar baby names are Osker and Osher.


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A run through of the five most brittle, glass-chinned boxers in recent memory
With David Price and Amir Khan due to fight very soon, and them being a pair of the most brittle chinned fighters the paid ranks has ever seen, we decided to run down the top five fragile boxers and talk through exactly why they are considered as such:
Let's start with the most obvious of the bunch and a guy who's forever defending that cracked glass chin that no amount of changing trainers or weigh classes can fix; Amir Khan.
Amir was seen as a real bright spark in the British boxing scene, so much so that each time he fought, the boxing betting odds would be slashed. Racking up 18 wins on the bounce, Khan was matched up against a relatively unknown entity in Breidis Prescott. You can already guess what happened… three wild slaps at Khan's chin and that's all she wrote. He's since followed up by walking like Bambi on ice in pretty much any fight where a punch has landed flush.
The sad thing for David Price is, as a big bloke, really big bloke, he looks as though he should be able to eat overhand rights for breakfast without breaking sweat.
Unfortunately for him it's not the case. Each time he's pitted himself against a decent boxer, he's been found out in spectacular fashion. Two losses to has-been Tony Thompson, a ridiculous flap against Povetkin and others have seen his star fall all the way down to picking up fights that should be staged in shopping centres.
Floyd Patterson
Ok, I know that Floyd Patterson has been inducted into the boxing hall of fame, was a two-time world champion and a really nice guy by all accounts; however, he dropped like a sack of spuds a bazillion times in his career.
First round knockouts in consecutive fights against the great Sonny Liston put aside, most of his losses were by spectacular knockouts and even in most of the fights he won, he spent more time on the canvas than off it. Sorry, can't change my mind on this one, he's staying.
Audley Harrison
Another once-heralded British fighter, Audley Harrison also totted up a number of wins in the prize ring after turning pro, winning in his first 19 fights (albeit, fighting nobodies) and has the unfortunate title of even losing by knockout by another on this very list, David Price.
By the tail-end of Harrison's career he was used as a tune up for fighters looking to get another win on their records, as displayed by losses against Deontay Wilder, David Price, David Haye, Danny Williams, and Michael Sprott… I won't go on… he just didn't have a chin, end of.
Frank Bruno
Frank Bruno was an absolute tank, if you saw him in his heyday you would have thought he was a bodybuilder, not a boxer.
It's probably for that reason that the old saying rang true, the bigger they are, the harder they fall. Bruno certainly lived up to some of his hype and even shared the ring with Iron Mike twice, obviously losing both. It wasn't for that reason he's been added though, Bruno had the exact same issue as Amir Khan, as soon as a good punch landed flush it had him walking like he was wearing stilts.
Filed Under: Featured, News1, Opinion Tagged With: Amir Khan, Audley Harrison, David Price, Floyd Patterson, Frank Bruno
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Revisiting The Ring Magazine Scandal
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4 Boxing Matches We Hope To Be Able To Bet On In 2019


text:
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export default DestroyableWidget;


text:
Kerry: Russia supports finding a diplomatic solution to crisis in Ukraine
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry said Sunday after four hours of talks with Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov that Russia had reaffirmed its commitment to finding a diplomatic solution in Ukraine but had not agreed to move Russian troops from the Ukraine border.
"We both made suggestions as to how that will be achieved ... and I will return to Washington to consult with President Obama on his choices," Kerry said at a news conference in Paris. "We are trying to find a way to defuse this."
Kerry said Lavrov indicated Russia "wants to support" Ukraine in its move toward independence but said the massing of Russian troops has created "a climate of fear and intimidation."
"Is it smart at this moment in time to have that number of troops amassed on a border when you are sending a message that you want to de-escalate and move in the other direction?" Kerry said.
Post by: By Ralph Ellis and Marie-Louise Gumuchian
Filed under: Lavrov • Putin • Russia • Sec. State John Kerry • Ukraine
Comments (47 comments)
Senate Intel chair: Crimea's gone
Washington (CNN) - Some U.S. lawmakers are ready to say that it's futile to try to persuade Russia to give up control of Crimea.
Sen. Dianne Feinstein, chairwoman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, told CNN chief political correspondent Candy Crowley on Sunday that the debate over the Crimean Peninsula is "done" and the region is now under Moscow's control.
Post by: CNN's Jason Seher
Filed under: John Kerry • Lavrov • Putin • Russia • Sec. State John Kerry • Secretary of State • Senate Select Committee on Intelligence


In this work, activated carbon nanofiber (ACNF) electrodes with high double-layer capacitance and good rate capability were prepared from polyacrylonitrile nanofibers by optimizing the carbonization temperature prior to H 2 O activation. The morphology of the ACNFs was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The elemental composition was determined by analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. N 2 -adsorption-isotherm characteristics at 77 K were confirmed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and Dubinin-Radushkevich equations. ACNFs processed at different carbonization temperatures were applied as electrodes for electrical double-layer capacitors. The experimental results showed that the surface morphology of the CNFs was not significantly changed after the carbonization process, although their diameters gradually decreased with increasing carbonization temperature. It was found that the carbon content in the CNFs could easily be tailored by controlling the carbonization temperature. The specific capacitance of the prepared ACNFs was enhanced by increasing the carbonization temperature.
Super-capacitors, as energy storage devices with high power density and long cycle life, have attracted great attention in recent years because of their potential in applications such as portable devices, electric vehicles, transportation, and digital communication systems [1 - 3] . According to the energy storage mechanism used, super-capacitors can be divided into two classes. The function of electric double-layer capacitors depends on the pore structure of the electrode materials and that of pseudo-capacitors is based on active electrode materials in which the faradic redox process occurs. To develop super-capacitors with high performance, various materials have been examined as possible electrode materials. Among them, activated carbon powders [4 , 5] and fibers [6 - 8] ; which have high porosity, a large surface area, and good conductivity, have been used most widely.
Activated carbon nanofibers (ACNFs) are well known as materials with a number of significant advantages over conventional powders. ACNFs are microporous carbonaceous adsorbents developed from organic precursors, by either physical or chemical activation [9 - 14] . The advantages of ACNFs are smaller fiber diameter, more concentrated pore-size distribution, and excellent adsorption capacity at low concentrations, in comparison with conventional activated granular or powdered carbons  .
The type of porosity is mainly determined by the type of precursor employed; however, the method of activation is a key parameter which may influence the final pore-size distribution  . Carbonization temperature is another variable which has a large effect on pore-volume evolution [15 - 17] . High carbonization temperature results in a greater amount of volatiles being released from the raw material, and eventually influences the product yield and porosity  .
In this work, polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based ACNF electrodes with high capacitance and good rate capability were prepared by optimizing the carbonization temperature prior to H 2 O activation.
PAN nanofibers (Amotech, Korea) were used as the starting material. The nanofibers were heated to 800-1000℃ at 5℃/min in a SiC furnace under nitrogen (99.999%), and kept at a target temperature for 2 h to obtain carbonized nanofibers. Then, the gas flow was switched to H 2 O at a rate of 0.5 mL/min while the temperature was raised to 1000℃ and held for 20 min. ACNFs series were obtained after cool-down to room temperature.
The nitrogen adsorption isotherms of CNFs and ACNFs were measured with BELSORP-max (BEL Japan, Japan) at liquid-nitrogen temperature. All samples were degassed at 300℃ for 6 h prior to measurement. The specific surface area was calculated in the relative pressure interval of 0.04-0.2 using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method  . Micro size was calculated by the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation from adsorption curves [19 , 20] . The morphology of CNF-800, CNF-850, CNF-900, and CNF-950 were explored using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (JSM 6701-F, JEOL, Japan). To reduce charging during scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, the samples were first placed on a sample holder and coated with platinum. Diameter distributions of the nanofibers were determined by measuring 100 nanofibers from different regions of each SEM image. X-Ray diffraction spectra were obtained using a PHI 5000 VersaProbe II (ULVAC-PHI, Japan) diffractometer with a thin-film attachment. A Cu Kα 1 X-ray source was used at 40 kV and 126 mA.
The capacitive performance of the as-prepared samples was investigated in 1 M organic electrolyte [1 M (C 2 H 5 ) 4 NBF 4 / propylene carbonate] solution using a coin-type two-electrode testing cell. The electrodes were prepared by mixing the carbon samples with carboxymethyl cellulose, styrene butadiene rubber , and commercial carbon. The slurries were rolled into a membrane and then pressed onto Al-mesh current collectors. Thereafter, the electrodes were dried at 120℃ for 24 h in an oven. Each electrode was fabricated by pressing the ACNF-coated film between two circular pieces of Al mesh. A two-electrode configuration was used to measure electrochemical performance.
where i is the discharge current (A), Δt is the discharge time (s), m is the mass of electrode (g), and ΔV is the potential difference (V).
The microstructure of the prepared CNFs is shown in Fig. 1 . The surfaces of all the CNFs were typically very smooth, without any pores, but with some uneven surfaces. The average diameter of the CNFs obtained from this experiment was estimated by ImageJ software (JEOL, Japan), installed in the SEM apparatus. As can be seen in Fig. 2 , the PAN nanofibers diameter is relatively uniform (710 nm). The diameters of the PAN nanofibers decreased slightly during carbonization. Fig. 2b shows CNF-800: the average diameter of fibers being around 670 nm. The diameter of the CNFs decreased with increasing carbonization temperature. It was found that the diameter of the fibers decreased to around 640 nm as a result of carbonization at the temperature of 950℃.
Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) carbonized at different temperatures: (a) CNF-800, (b) CNF- 850, (c) CNF-900, and (d) CNF-950.
Diameter distribution of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) carbonized at different temperatures: (a) polyacrylonitrile nanofibers, (b) CNF-800, (c) CNF-850, (d) CNF-900, and (e) CNF-950.
The chemical composition of the CNFs carbonized at different activation temperatures were evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy elemental analysis and listed in Table 1 . The carbon content was determined to be 84.28, 85.44, 87.48, and 89.13% for the CNFs samples carbonized at 800, 850, 900 and 950℃, respectively. It was found that the carbon content of the CNFs decreased with increasing carbonization temperature. High carbonization temperature results in a greater amount of volatiles being released from the raw material.
XPS: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, CNFs: carbon nanofibers.
The specific surface area and pore structures of the ACNFs before and after activation are shown in Table 2 . The specific surface area of the CNFs increased with H 2 O activation. The specific surface area of CNFs decreased with increasing carbonization temperature. If the carbonization temperature was increased, the specific surface area increased to equal that of ACNF-850 (electrode carbonized at 850℃) and then decreased. Total pore-volume showed a similar trend. The ACNF-900 sample showed better-developed mesopores than did the ACNF-850 and ACNF-950 samples. This means that a moderate carbonization temperature results in larger pore size.
ACNFs: activated carbon nanofibers, BET: Brunauer-Emmett-Teller.
It is clear that the surface area and pore structure are significantly influenced by the carbonization temperature. The specific surface area of the ACNFs varied between 850 and 1710 m 2 /g. It reached a maximum value of 1710 m 2 /g at 850℃, indicating that moderate carbonization is beneficial for obtaining high-surfacearea ACNFs.
The manufacture of ACNFs by H 2 O activation involves two steps: carbonization of the precursor under an inert gas, and activation of carbonized webs in H 2 O. In the carbonization step, the resulting char becomes rich in carbon and the fundamental sysporous structure is generated by eliminating non-carbon atoms. Meanwhile, the microcrystalline structure of the char is rearranged, resulting in a well-ordered structure. This rearrangement hinders the subsequent activation reaction. For these reasons, carbonization cannot be accomplished at a low temperature. On the other hand, carbonization at a high temperature may make the structure of the carbonized webs too well-ordered to be easily gasified.
Charge/discharge curves of activated carbon nanofibers (ACNFs) carbonized at different temperatures.
In this work, ACNF electrodes with high double-layer capacitance and good rate capability were prepared from PAN nanofibers by optimizing the carbonization temperature prior to H 2 O activation. The carbonization temperature has a marked effect on the specific surface area, the pore volume, and the electrochemical performance of ACNFs. An increase of the carbonization temperature induces higher specific surface area and larger pore size, which result in higher capacitance and better rate capability. From the charge-discharge characteristics, ACNF- 950 showed the best result (28.1 F/g), among all the activated samples.
This study was supported by a grant from the Carbon Valley R&D Project (Project No. R0002651) and Honam Institute for Regional Program Evaluation through the Leading Industry Development for Economic Region funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE), Republic of Korea.
 HM Lee , KH An , and BJ Kim , "Effects of carbonization temperature on pore development in polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon nanofibers", Carbon letters, vol. 2, no. 2, Apr 2014.


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We are committed to maintaining a safe and healthy work environment and strive to exceed expectations. No job is so important and no order is so urgent that we cannot take time to perform our work safely. Safety is an integral ingredient of all planning and performance. To accomplish this, we provide each employee with all the reasonable safeguards and equipment necessary to ensure success. Rockydale Quarries is committed to achieving a zero-injury and zero-citation safety culture by implementing proven best practices, processes and procedures based on, but not limited to, industry standards.
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1.Pack wisely, leave with light heart. Greece is a country that makes you forget everything – so when leaving for it, think of fundamentals. The bare minimum is your bathing suit (leave the mirage image of summer boutiques with Côte d'Azur) and a beach towel (most beaches have no towel – and sometimes no sunbed – service). Good extras: your favorite sun lotion, your usual medicine, mosquito spray.
2. Know your geography. There will be something you forget, for sure. I often say that the essentials of packing are your passport, phone and credit card, – so make sure you hold on to these when you travel. Once you do, a little finders' hint: every Greek island has the main city, Chora. Usually the central city is far from the beaches, in the middle of the island, at the heart of the summer heat. That's where you want to go for most of your purchases, some of the best authenthic cuisine (which is the case with Mykonos, by the way) and, in case of Kythira, for the scarce night life. All the 3 bars/ night clubs of the island are located in its capital. Il Mercato is the bar it all starts – at 10 p.m., not earlier! (important). Just go along the town's main street – you will not miss it.
3. Location, location, location. The same it true for choosing your hotel. Even small Greek islands can surprise you by the variety of lifestyle. Kythira, for example, has a family-with-small-kids zone at Diakofti (it is also the closest to the airport), the mass tourist part in the south (Chora and Kapsali) with low-budget-wide-choice-bus-delivery option, and a very exclusive northern part with its own infrastructure of restaurants, bars, – and even a gas station. And it takes 1h 20 to cross the entire island!
4. A note on the beaches (promise, the last one). There is some description of Greek island beaches on the Internet. Here is some handy translation: "semi-developed" in beach description usually means a few – sometimes, A VERY FEW – sunbeds. So taking water, food and other fundamentals with you could be a very good idea. On a (very) positive note, in Greece, even semi-developed beaches usually have bars.
5. Know where the best food is. In case you are not blessed with a Greek friend (like I am), think about researching best restaurants. Greek islands best restaurants are not necessarily obvious. In my history with Sofia, I have had the best food: at the very loud Athens harbour, in the middle of dark (and uninhabited) coast line from Crete and, far from the beaches or literally anything else alive, in the totally unexpected oasis of green, water and flavours in Kythira. On the Kythira topic, best restaurants are Skandeia (the oasis I have just mentioned), Taverna Filio and Sotiris Fish Tavern. Those ones I have tried myself and would do A LOT to come back. Other than that, Milopotamos, Greek village loaded with cuteness, small shops and fantastic souvenirs, has some great spots for coffee and sweets, – our favorite was Platanos.
(I have attached Kythira's map with its best restaurants, sights and other key places of interest to the post on Kythira's beaches).
6. Getting around. You do need a car in the Greek islands, and ideally a 4×4. Some of the beaches are hardly reachably by a small city car (even though we managed to conquer them all but one at Kithyra). Some hidden parts of the island don't have decent roads leading to them. It would be a loss to come to a Greek island and not to discover all its treasures. While on the topic of cars, don't wait until the last drop to fill your tank. Greece does not exactly produce oil, and the islands' fuel situation is very telling of that. Kythira, for example, has four gas stations: two in the south, two in the north. Better map them.
7. Follow the local rhythms. In Kythira, for example, the tourist season officially starts the first weekend of June, just when Sofia and I were there. Tourist season means open hotels, beaches (in case of semi-developed beaches, see point 4 above) and – most importantly – bars! That's when it comes to the official start of the season. To be on the safe side (mostly in terms of the open bars and restaurants), it is better to come two weeks later. If the infrastructure is not your focus, take advantage of the early rates. Weather is great regardless of the official opening times.
8. Invent your own adventure. Outside of Santorini and Mykonos, with travel tips enough to fill a year in a life of a tourist, other Greek islands offer less ready-to-vacation scenarios. Kythira, for one, has fantastic mountain tracks, fresh in the shade of the gorgeous local forest, – I really wished I had packed a pair of hiking shoes! So think out of the box of the beach vacation: discover, ride, climb, start and end the day later or earlier than you would at the usual beach vacation. Greek islands have endless ability to surprise.
9. Greece is a country that makes you forget everything – so do forget everything. Don't plan much, improvise, celebrate summer, fall in love with the sun and the sea – once again. And, most importantly, share the magic of the Greek islands with your favorite people, – sunny memories of islands like Kythira is something that stays with you once the summer photos fade away.


Chapman's immediate response was a brash statement, "He has no subject! He simply has a number of plays." I mentioned to him that O'Neill, around the year 1930, was known to have made the statement that there was only one subject for the serious American playwright at the time and that was the death of the old God, and the failure of science and materialism to replace Him with a new God in order to satisfy the surviving, primitive, religious instinct to know the meaning of one's life by and to comfort one's fears of death with; everything else is parlor room conversation. Chapman raised his eyebrows and turned his head from side to side. Nothing else was said.
A few years later, in the early 1970's, I received an application to the playwriting program at the Yale school of Drama from Christopher Durang. After reading the material he submitted for admission, I rushed into Dean Brustein's office and shouted, "I've got one! And he already has a subject at the ripe old age of twenty-one." That subject, I explained to the dean, as I saw it, was a scream for help in a world he know provided none, so he keeps on screaming and laughs at the irony. I never shared my judgment with Durang until many years later, but among his earliest plays at Drama School was a play title, Succor.
These sentences above introduce the reader to a topic of discussion and self-examination, a discussion with himself or herself and playwrights among themselves. What is the meaning of a subject, and why might it prove to be the very best friend that a playwright might have, because the subject owns the writer rather than the writer owning the subject?
P.S. Confession time! In 1980 or thereabouts, I announced a national playwriting contest for one winner among college students. Among the submissions were three very special short plays. I wanted to reward the writers of the short plays as well as the winner of the contest. After contacting my sponsor and requesting more prize money, I was rewarded with another $450 dollars, one hundred and fifty dollars for each of the one-act writers. One winner was a freshman from The University of Nebraska who signed his name "Creativity." That young man was David Boles. A number of years after the contest, David was in Washington, D.C. and heard that I was soon to retire from teaching. He contacted me, applied for admission to the program at Columbia and was accepted for admission by Richard Gilman and the Admissions committee. I taught his first year of classes. After reading his material during that time, I announced to him, "David, you have a subject! Social Injustice." That subject informed every one of his dramatic pieces.
Thank you for this wonderful and insightful lesson. Authors too often get caught up in the flash and grist of writing and lose focus, and faith — and get lost in creating a canon of work out of a series of pieces that effectively puzzle together to create greater meaning.
Your words are an inspiration, and they will now live forever on the internet to help young Playwrights, yet unborn, focus on mastery and not piecemeal.
It is so nice to read this. I think we all need a purpose in whatever we do and discovering our "subject" early in life can lead us out of darkness when we get lost later in life. Some people never find that spark.
Great article! My father told me that an artist has only so much to say — a subject, as it were — and then he must either repeat himself or just retire.
Oh, I love this article so, Dr. Stein. I have read a lot about and heard a lot about you from David. It is so good to see new work from you again. We have missed reading you. Your advice is sound and has so many applications beyond the theatre. Thank you.
I am so thrilled to be in contact with you once again. Your impact on me as one of your dramaturgy students at Columbia University continues to be a major source of my inspiration to keep doing this thing called theatre. Please go to my website to see the work I have begun in new play development with young people ages 3-12. Your article affirms the struggle I face when working with the budding playwrights as they explore what they want to write about in their new first plays. Subject-discovery causes them to dig deep into their psyche to find out what they really believe in or are passionate about. This is the part of the process that excites me most. Please contact me, so that I can hear your thoughts.


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European Journal of Risk Regulation
The Global Combat Against IUU F...
He, Juan 2018. From country-of-origin labelling (COOL) to seafood import monitoring program (SIMP): How far can seafood traceability rules go?. Marine Policy, Vol. 96, Issue. , p. 163.
June 2016 , pp. 421-425
The Global Combat Against IUU Fishing: The United States Proposes a New Seafood Traceability Program
Bruno G. Simões (a1) and Tobias Dolle (a1)
* FratiniVergano - European Lawyers, Brussels and Singapore, international trade and food law
On 5 February 2016, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (hereinafter, NOAA),within the United States (hereinafter, US) Department of Commerce, published a Proposed Rule to create a seafood traceability programme. The programme intends to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated (hereinafter, IUU) fishing, prevent fraudulent trade and to serve as the contribution of the US to the global action to combat IUU fishing, along the lines of other similar regulatory frameworks, such as the EU's extensive regulationon IUU fishing. However, despite the legitimate objectives of the measure, it is imperative that regulators take into account the potential consequences for international trade when designing such programmes.
COPYRIGHT: © Cambridge University Press 2016
1 Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act; Seafood Import Monitoring Program, A Proposed Rule by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration on 02/05/2016, available on the Internet at <https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2016/02/05/2016-02216/magnuson-stevens-fishery-conservation-and-management-act-seafood-import-monitoring-program> (last accessed 5 May 2016).
2 As defined in the UN FAO International Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated fishing, FAO, Rome 2001. It was developed as a voluntary instrument, within the framework of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. The IPOA-IUU was adopted by consensus at the Twenty–fourth Session of Committee on Fisheries (COFI 24) on 2 March 2001 and endorsed by the Hundred and Twentieth Session of the FAO Council on 23 June 2001.
3 NOAA Fisheries, Presidential Initiative on Combating Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing and Seafood Fraud, available on the Internet at <http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/ia/iuu/taskforce.html> (last accessed 5 May 2016).
4 Presidential Task Force on Combating IUU Fishing and Seafood Fraud, Action Plan for Implementing the Task Force Recommendations, 15 March 2015, available on the Internet at <http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/ia/iuu/noaa_taskforce_report_final.pdf> (last accessed 5 May 2016). 5 All documents have been made available through the US Government and are available on the Internet. Regulations.gov, Magnuson- Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act; Seafood Import Monitoring Program Docket Folder Summary, <https://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;rpp=100;so=DESC;sb=docId;po=0;D=NOAA-NMFS-2015-0122> (last accessed 5 May 2016).
6 The system is based on Council Regulation (EC) No. 1005/2008 of 29 September 2008 establishing a community system to prevent, deter and eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU Regulation), as amended; and Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1010/2009 of 22 October 2009 laying down detailed rules for the implementation of Council Regulation (EC) No. 1005/2008 establishing a community system to prevent, deter and eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing (Implementing Regulation), as amended, OJ L 280, 27.10.2009.
7 Annex III to the IUU Regulation defines the information that the flag State notification must contain.
8 For example, in 2014, Canada was the second largest importer of seafood into the US. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Inside the United States - The Fish and Seafood Trade, November 2015, Market Access Secretariat, Global Analysis Report, available on the Internet at <http://www5.agr.gc.ca/resources/prod/Internet-Internet/MISB-DGSIM/ATS-SEA/PDF/6676-eng.pdf> (last accessed 5 May 2016).
9 Christine Blank, SeaFoodSource.com, Exclusive: Canada fisheries protest US-proposed IUU rule, 3 March 2016, available on the Internet at <http://www.seafoodsource.com/news/supply-trade/exclusive-canada-fisheries-protest-us-proposed-iuu-rule> (last accessed 5 May 2016).
10 WTO News, WTO members weigh in on measures to tackle illegal fishing, 6 October 2015, available on the Internet at <https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news15_e/envir_06oct15_e.htm> (last accessed 5 May 2016).
11 See in particular the proposals by the ACP states (WTO Document TN/RL/W/267) and by New Zealand (WTO Document TN/RL/W/261).
12 Paragraphs 67 and 68 of UN General Assembly Resolution A /RES/68/71 on Sustainable fisheries, including through the 1995 Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks, and related instruments of 9 December 2013.
13 Report of the Thirty-first Session of the Committee on Fisheries (COFI 31) Rome, 9-13 June 2014, FIPI/R1101 (En).
14 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Report of the Expert Consultation on Establishing Guidelines for Catch Documentation Schemes (CDS), FIPM/R1120 (En). 15 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Report of the Expert Consultation on Establishing Guidelines for Catch Documentation Schemes (CDS), FIPM/R1120 (En), p. 3, available on the Internet <http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5063e.pdf> (last accessed 5 May 2016).
16 Committee on Fisheries, Fifteenth Session, COFI:FT/XV/2016/5, p. 3, available on the Internet <ftp://ftp.fao.org/FI/DOCUMENT/COFI/cofift_15/5e.pdf> (last accessed 5 May 2016).
17 Andrew Sharpless, CEO Note: U.S. Administration's Actions to Combat IUU Fishing Are a Commendable but Insufficient Start, 18 February 2016, available on the Internet at <http://oceana.org/blog/ceo-note-us-administration%E2%80%99s-actions-combat-iuu-fishing-are-commendable-insufficient-start> (last accessed 5 May 2016); Oceana, Presidential Task Force Takes Bold Steps to Address IUU Fishing & Seafood Fraud, 4 February 2016, available on the Internet at <http://oceana.org/press-center/press-releases/presidential-task-force-takes-bold-steps-address-iuu-fishing-seafood> (last accessed 5 May 2016).
18 WWF, WWF Statement on Proposed Federal Regulations on Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing, 4 February 2016, available on the Internet at <http://www.worldwildlife.org/press-releases/wwf-statement-on-proposed-federal-regulations-on-illegal-unreported-and-unregulated-fishing> (last accessed 5 May 2016).
19 The extension was published in the Federal Register on 31 March 2016. Federal Register, The Daily Journal of the United States Government, Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act; Seafood Import Monitoring Program, Extension Of The Comment Period, available on the Internet at <https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2016/03/31/2016-07258/magnuson-stevens-fishery-conservation-and-management-act-seafood-import-monitoring-program> (last accessed 5 May 2016).
20 Final Action envisioned for August 2016 as mentioned in the regulatory docket, available on the Internet at https://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;rpp=100;so=DESC;sb=docId;po=0;D=NOAA-NMFS-2015-0122> (last accessed 5 May 2016).
21 Christine Blank, SeaFoodSource.com, Exclusive: Canada fisheries protest US-proposed IUU rule, 3 March 2016, available on the Internet at <http://www.seafoodsource.com/news/supply-trade/exclusive-canada-fisheries-protest-us-proposed-iuu-rule> (last accessed 5 May 2016).
* An earlier version of this report appeared in Trade Perspectives©, Issue No. 3 of 12 February 2016. Available on the Internet at: http://www.fratinivergano.eu/en/trade-perspectives.
URL: /core/journals/european-journal-of-risk-regulation


TEC is a group of students who provide technical support to other Students' Union, Clubs and Societies as well as external companies. Our areas of expertise include event planning and operation in Sound, Lighting, AV, Power, Haulage and Logistics.
Whether you're looking for a challenging new pastime, looking to expand on previous experience or gloss up your CV, TEC gives you an unparalleled opportunity to do all these things.
Become a key part in running a successful business, get professional training and practical knowledge in a field that is simply 'really cool'. TEC provides an essential service to the Students' Union, the university and the UK as a whole - you can be one of the people making it continue, year upon year.
Don't worry if you've never done anything technical before, or even if you think you're useless with technology, there are many aspects to sound and lighting not just the wires and buttons.
If you're interested and willing, you can soon become be a valuable part of our team. Joining TEC makes you part of the TEC family as well as just another crew member.
We try our best to look after everyone and ensure that whilst you enjoy the things TEC has to offer, you pass your exams as well!
To join TEC please log in on the right hand side of this page, and add the TEC membership to your basket - it is free! While you're at it, find us on Facebook, check out our website and come and say hi at the TEC Office in Portland.
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