text:
Rosemary Counter Writer ∙ Author ∙ Journalist
BUST / August 2011
Is your roomie ruining your life? Here's how to love your living situation without losing your friendship
Ninety-eight-year-old Laura and her centenarian roommate Elizabeth took daily walks together at their Massachusetts nursing home. They ate lunch together every day. As their nurses turned out the lights, they heard the women saying, "Good night, I love you." But one day Laura placed a table at the foot of her roommate's bed, and Elizabeth said it blocked her route to the bathroom. When an aide moved the table, Laura grumbled that her roommate "might as well have the whole room." Elizabeth complained that Laura was making her life "a living hell." Things only got worse from there. Way worse: Elizabeth's body was found with a plastic bag tied around her head. Laura was indicted on a charge of second-degree murder.
It's an extreme case of an all-too-familiar phenomenon—roomhate, and you know you know it. It goes like this: Girl A is buds with Girl B, and since they get along just fine and the economy is balls, pooling resources to upgrade their digs sounds like a good idea. (In fact, a recent Pew Research Center study found that thanks to the recession, women ages 18 – 29 are entering shared living situations at a rate five times that of young men.) It'll all be very Romy-and-Michelle—they'll share food and clothes, split the bills, and work out the kinks along the way. After all, when it comes to gal pals, what could go wrong?
Lots, it seems. It begins with dirty dishes here, unpaid phone bills there. You borrow her J Brands without asking, her boyfriend charges porn to your cable. Soon you're bitching to anyone who'll listen, shivery vibes fill the air at home, and subtle eye rolling becomes the communication style of choice. So before you consider smothering her with a pillow, read on for the best advice for (and the worst examples of ) how to combat your roomhate head-on and keep your friendship intact.
"I've always heard that good friends don't necessarily make good roommates," says Courtney*, who learned this the hard way after shacking up with her pal Belle. "I quickly discovered that Belle never washed her dishes or took out the trash, left the oven on while she was out, screamed commentary at any movie she was watching, left long pubic hairs all over the bathroom floor, and turned the heat up in the summer." Courtney stuck it out through their year-long lease but knows now to be more careful when deciding who to cohabit with. According to her, when it comes to living situations, having similar expectations is more important than being buds. "Belle and I were great friends, but it turned out we had nothing in common as roommates," she says. "Putting out an ad for a roommate outlining certain needs is much more effective than choosing a friend at random."
That's why before you live together—and the before is key here—check out your potential roommate's domestic habits, advises Alyson Mischel, a Los Angeles psychotherapist and life coach who specializes in roommate counseling. Make mental notes. How dirty or clean is she? How much does she drink? Does she like to cook big meals and make a mess in the kitchen? Do you? Though you might make great friends, an acquaintance or even a stranger may be a better match.
When Maryann moved in with Kari, she assumed they would split expenses, but she assumed wrong. "Kari said if I wanted cable TV or a telephone, I should pay for it," Maryann says. Her roommate pretended like she didn't use them, often darting for the power button and hiding as Maryann walked through the door.
Ngaio can relate. She and Andrea were casual friends all through high school, so when Andrea landed at Ngaio's university, they decided to save some money by sharing a lease. Their first clash was on move-in day. "She just assumed she'd be getting the good room," says Ngaio. They'd quickly fallen for a brand-new oversize space but hadn't thought to discuss whose bedroom was whose. "Typically I don't care about that sort of thing, but she made a big deal about it, so I said it was fine." It was not fine and the dispute had the pair off to a rocky start.
According to Mischel, house expenses, room assignments, and stuff-sharing are exactly the kind of things that should be discussed prior to move-in day. And she suggests going one step further. "I'm a proponent of making an actual business plan," she says. "Just like an attorney in a contract makes plans for any variable or possibility, when you enter into a lease with a roommate, you need to do the same thing. Like a prenup." Smart roommates should abandon their delusions and get nitty-gritty with the details, creating an agreement that covers bills (who will pay what), cleaning (what chores need to be done and who will do them when), sharing (what's off-limits and what you'll buy together), and even how rooms and closets are to be divided (flip a coin? the one with the bigger room pays more rent?) before signing a lease.
The "Other" Roommate
When Chelsea moved in with a friend from work, she thought she'd won the roommate lottery: Heather was considerate, neat, and hardly ever there. But six months into their lease, Heather asked if her new boyfriend could crash with them for a week or so while he found a new place. "A month and a half into this situation, I was pissed," says Chelsea. Heather had quit her job to spend more time with her boyfriend, and the two rarely left the house. "They ate all my food, never cleaned, made a bunch of calls on my cell phone using up all my minutes, and were there all the time hanging out and watching TV."
"The biggest complaint is always the 'third roommate,'" says Mischel, and you need to speak up the moment this threesome isn't working for you. "You say, 'I understand you have a significant other but I need to be comfortable in my own home,'" Mischel suggests. Then make your requests reasonable and clear: mandatory shirts, a per-week limit on sleepovers, contributing to the grocery fund. You might be surprised how a regular $50 donation to the fridge makes you much more lax with your milk.
Or, if you're the one with the significant other, you need to respect your roomie's wishes and find an acceptable compromise. "I lived with a woman who was very socially conservative, especially about sex and men," says Megan, a NY-based editor. "She had an overwrought fear that every man was little more than a potential rapist—even my shy, quiet then-boyfriend—and she couldn't sleep well with one in the house. So we talked it out: he would sleep over no more than two days a week, and he wouldn't have keys."
Sex and Privacy—You Need Both
Dealing with one another's sexcapades in such small quarters is always a challenge. "I respect everyone's right to a sex life," says Samantha, who still shudders to think of the year she shared a room in her college dorm. "What I did not respect, however, was my roommate's logic that deemed it perfectly acceptable to bring a guy back to our room in the middle of the afternoon, whilst I was typing away at my desk with my back turned, and proceed to give her lucky friend a good ol'-fashioned BJ." Same awkward story for Alexandra, who was lucky enough to have a wall between her and her drunken roommate's loud, late-night booty call on the very first night in their new apartment. "I could hear her saying, 'My roommate's home, shut up, shut the fuck up!'" Alexandra recalls, cringing. So she cranked the volume on her iPod—a godsend, she says—wishing she were the one who wouldn't remember it in the morning.
So how do two girls living under the same roof still manage to get their rocks off? In addition to making use of earplugs and loud music like Samantha and Alexandra recommend, you can also invest in a white-noise machine, says Mischel. But probably most important is some perspective: when your roomie's moanings have you seething, try to remember that with any luck, the tables will turn, and if you've dealt maturely with her kinks, she's much more likely to return the favor.
Regardless of how much planning you've done, you can count on times when things will get sticky. And you'll probably have a hard time saying anything about your roommate's transgressions. "You really want to get along," says University of Michigan psychologist Jennifer Crocker. "Since there's a sense you can't raise issues, you start doing things to convey you're pissed without being direct."
Leilani lived with two friends, and all three were working and pursing various artistic endeavors. That meant odd hours, deadlines, and conflicting schedules—so forget about the chore wheel. Instead, they decided that each of them would be responsible for one room of the apartment: the bathroom, kitchen, and living room. It all worked fine until a "pretty wicked mold growth" in the bathroom had Leilani in an allergic huff. The bathroom wasn't her responsibility.
Rather than cleaning it herself or mentioning it politely, Leilani chose silent resentment and an eventual passive-aggressive email attack, which her roommate didn't respond to kindly. "She said if it bothered me so much, why didn't I just deal with it? And why did she always get the grossest jobs?" Then for the first time in weeks, her roommate cleaned the bathroom, from top to bottom, at 1 a.m. (Just guess whether she was stewing in rage the whole time.) The mold was gone, but so was their harmonious roommate relationship.
At some point, angry midnight disinfections can start to feel normal. As can neurotic food labeling. After three months of roommatehood, Emilie, an otherwise-sane 27-year-old, found herself diligently writing her name in Sharpie on every single one of her eggs. "It would have been more appropriate to say, 'I see you've been eating my eggs; maybe let's share,'" she says. But amidst an advanced battle of roomhate, logic just won't do. "I was already so nonsensically pissed off that I thought I just really didn't want anyone eating my fucking eggs," she says.
"If there's an issue, it's far better to speak up about it, because the longer it goes unaddressed, the worse it's going to get," says Samantha, who wishes she'd had a conversation with her roommate immediately after the notorious afternoon-BJ situation. Because once you're annoyed, each and every minor offense becomes an opportunity for subtle aggression, which women tend to opt for over confrontation. So if you're a routine egg borrower, consider your actions and your roommate's reactions as deliberate moves of passive aggression that can pile up fast. Before you know it, you're both saying the I'm-not-really-fine "fine" when it's blatantly obvious that the opposite is true. If the pseudo-fine's happening to you, it's time to take action.
Call a roommate meeting to order, do it in public with martinis or a plate of nachos, and put your concerns—no matter how slight or grand—on the table. Take one issue at a time, keep the swear words to a minimum, and get fixing. If you're sick of dirty dishes, then be honest and say so. If your neuroticism dictates nobody move your wet clothes to the dryer, drive that point home. "But you can't be a stickler about everything," says Mischel. "Pick your deal breakers, and focus on those."
Know When to Call It Quits
Jen, a 29-year-old book editor, was instantly drawn to Rita. "She seemed really cool, had a great job in finance, and was doing her degree at night like I was," says Jen. "We hit it off immediately." After a year of best-friendship, the pair decided to get a place together. That's when things got weird.
First, Jen's credit card was stolen (she thought she lost it). Next, her debit card was compromised (an unlucky coincidence, she figured). Then a mutual friend accused Rita of theft (Jen stood up for her). But things really got crazy two months into their lease when the superintendent called. "He said checks were missing from the mail," Jen says. Rita had been caught trying to cash them, and Jen would be charged with obstructing justice if she didn't cooperate with the police.
Following Rita's arrest, Jen found Rita's diary and read it. "Turns out, six months before we met, she'd been in jail," she says. Jen also learned about Rita's cocaine problem, her secret girlfriend, and her plans to pin an array of crimes on Jen. "You really think you know somebody, but when push comes to shove, I don't know if anyone really knows anyone," she says. The moral of the story? If it looks like a duck, walks like a duck, and quacks like a duck, it's probably a duck—and you don't want a duck for a roommate. You can hope for the best and try your hardest, but stealing, lying, or her sleeping with your boyfriend are all reasons (to name just a few) to throw in the towel. Just like a romantic relationship, whether it's a dramatic split or a slow divergence, there comes a time when a breakup is inevitable.
For Robyn, whose roomhate of Kelly had progressed to the full-on silent treatment, that moment was a literal pile of shit. "I came home after a long day to find that the dogs had pooped in the living room. But since they were my dogs, Kelly was just sitting there, ignoring the shit," says Robyn. The metaphor was not lost on her. Sure, it was her dogs' poop, but had their living situation been amicable, Kelly would have disposed of it. So lest their friendship go down the toilet, Robyn laid it on the line via email. "I said I wanted to keep our friendship, but this was destroying it, and I needed her to move out." Two icy months later, Kelly packed up and left. "She's one of my best friends now," says Robyn, "though we never speak of the dark year."
To carry out your breakup with the least amount of drama, Mischel says, "the best possible scenario is to wait until two months before the lease is up and tell a little white lie." Since it's already over, total honesty isn't the best policy. Don't say she's a terrible person to live with and you hope her cat dies; just say you've decided to live alone or you want to move to a new location. And don't pack up and disappear in the middle of the night. Instead, talk to the landlord for her and offer to help find a new roommate. Don't break off all communication, says Robyn, as it's very possible to be cured of your roomhate and repair your friendship. Just like a breakup with a significant other, you might hate her for a while and bitch to your friends about her faults, but if you want to, you can mend the relationship and maintain a great friendship—in separate dwellings.
Five stars. Will be back tomorrow.
Maclean's tackles the Wage Gap
The Australian bake sale that inspired our pay equity issue
Fowl play on campus
Rosemary Counter is a Toronto-based magazine writer, book author, journalist, spa enthusiast and new mom. She loves picnics and pedicures, but hates line-ups and Twitter.
©2019 Rosemary Counter. All rights reserved


text:
/*
 * Created on Jan 30, 2015
 */
package org.globus.cog.abstraction.coaster.service;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.globus.cog.abstraction.coaster.service.job.manager.AbstractBlockWorkerManager;
import org.globus.cog.abstraction.coaster.service.job.manager.AbstractSettings;
import org.globus.cog.abstraction.coaster.service.job.manager.Block;
import org.globus.cog.abstraction.coaster.service.job.manager.Cpu;
import org.globus.cog.abstraction.coaster.service.job.manager.Job;
import org.globus.cog.abstraction.coaster.service.job.manager.Node;
import org.globus.cog.abstraction.coaster.service.job.manager.QueueProcessor;
import org.globus.cog.abstraction.coaster.service.job.manager.Time;
import org.globus.cog.coaster.channels.PerformanceDiagnosticInputStream;
import org.globus.cog.coaster.channels.PerformanceDiagnosticOutputStream;
import org.globus.cog.util.http.AbstractHTTPServer;
import org.globus.cog.util.json.JSONEncoder;

public class SettingsServer extends AbstractHTTPServer {
    public static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(SettingsServer.class);

    private static final Set<String> valid = new HashSet<String>();
    static {
        valid.add("/get");
        valid.add("/set");
        valid.add("/list");
        valid.add("/getAll");
        valid.add("/wmInfo");
        valid.add("/index.html");
    }

    private AbstractSettings settings;
    private AbstractBlockWorkerManager wm;

    public SettingsServer(QueueProcessor queueProcessor, int port) {
        super("Settings", port, null);
        this.settings = queueProcessor.getSettings();
        if (queueProcessor instanceof AbstractBlockWorkerManager) {
            this.wm = (AbstractBlockWorkerManager) queueProcessor;
        }
    }

    protected String getAllowedOrigin() {
        return "*";
    }

    @Override
    protected boolean exists(String url) {
        return valid.contains(url);
    }

    @Override
    protected DataLink getDataLink(String url, Map<String, String> params) {
        try {
            if (url.equals("/get")) {
                return new DataLink(get(params.get("name")), "text/json");
            }
            else if (url.equals("/set")) {
                if (params.containsKey("#content")) {
                    return new DataLink(set(params.get("name"), params.get("#content")), "text/json");
                }
                else {
                    return new DataLink(set(params.get("name"), params.get("value")), "text/json");
                }
            }
            else if (url.equals("/list")) {
                return new DataLink(list(), "text/json");
            }
            else if (url.equals("/getAll")) {
                return new DataLink(getAll(), "text/json");
            }
            else if (url.equals("/wmInfo")) {
                return new DataLink(getBlockInfo(), "text/json");
            }
            else {
                return new DataLink(makeIndexPage(), "text/html");
            }
        }
        catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    private ByteBuffer getBlockInfo() throws IOException {
        JSONEncoder e = new JSONEncoder();
        e.beginMap();
        if (wm == null) {
            e.writeMapItem("supported", false);
        }
        else {
            e.writeMapItem("supported", true);
            Map<String, Object> wmData = wm.getMonitoringData();
            e.writeMapItem("time", Time.now().getMilliseconds());
            e.writeMapKey("wmdata");
            e.writeMap(wmData);
            e.writeMapKey("runtime");
            writeRuntimeInfo(e);
            List<Block> blocks = wm.getAllBlocks();
            e.writeMapKey("blocks");
            e.beginArray();
            long idle = 0;
            long busy = 0;
            for (Block b : blocks) {
                writeBlock(e, b);
                idle += b.getIdleTime();
                busy += b.getBusyTime();
            }
            e.endArray();
            if (idle + busy > 0) {
                e.writeMapItem("utilization", ((double) busy) / (idle + busy));
            }
            else {
                e.writeMapItem("utilization", 0.0);
            }
        }
        e.endMap();
        return ByteBuffer.wrap(e.toString().getBytes());
    }

    private void writeRuntimeInfo(JSONEncoder e) throws IOException {
        Runtime r = Runtime.getRuntime();
        e.beginMap();
        e.writeMapItem("maxHeap", r.maxMemory());
        e.writeMapItem("crtHeap", r.totalMemory());
        e.writeMapItem("usedHeap", r.totalMemory() - r.freeMemory());
        e.writeMapItem("freeHeap", r.freeMemory());
        e.writeMapItem("readBytesTotal", PerformanceDiagnosticInputStream.getTotal());
        e.writeMapItem("readCurrentRate", PerformanceDiagnosticInputStream.getCurrentRate());
        e.writeMapItem("readAverageRate", PerformanceDiagnosticInputStream.getAverageRate());
        e.writeMapItem("writeBytesTotal", PerformanceDiagnosticOutputStream.getTotal());
        e.writeMapItem("writeCurrentRate", PerformanceDiagnosticOutputStream.getCurrentRate());
        e.writeMapItem("writeAverageRate", PerformanceDiagnosticOutputStream.getAverageRate());
        e.endMap();
    }

    private void writeBlock(JSONEncoder e, Block b) throws IOException {
        e.beginArrayItem();
        e.beginMap();
        e.writeMapItem("id", b.getId());
        e.writeMapItem("running", b.isRunning());
        e.writeMapItem("workerCount", b.getActiveWorkerCount());
        e.writeMapItem("jobsCompleted", b.getDoneJobCount());
        e.writeMapItem("walltime", b.getWalltime().getMilliseconds());
        e.writeMapItem("utilization", b.getUtilization());
        writeTime(e, "creationTime", b.getCreationTime());
        writeTime(e, "startTime", b.getStartTime());
        writeTime(e, "shutdownTime", b.getShutdownTime());
        writeTime(e, "terminationTime", b.getTerminationTime());
        writeTime(e, "endTime", b.getEndTime());
        e.writeMapKey("nodes");
        e.beginArray();
        Collection<Node> nodes = b.getNodes();
        for (Node node : nodes) {
            writeNode(e, node);
        }
        e.endArray();
        e.writeMapKey("cpus");
        e.beginArray();
        Collection<Cpu> cpus = b.getCpusSnapshot();
        for (Cpu cpu : cpus) {
            e.beginArrayItem();
            writeCpu(e, cpu);
            e.endArrayItem();
        }
        e.endArray();
        e.endMap();
        e.endArrayItem();
    }

    private void writeNode(JSONEncoder e, Node node) throws IOException {
        e.beginMap();
        e.writeMapItem("id", node.getId());
        writeTime(e, "startTime", node.getStartTime());
        e.writeMapItem("hostname", node.getHostname());
        e.endMap();
    }

    private void writeCpu(JSONEncoder e, Cpu cpu) throws IOException {
        e.beginMap();
        e.writeMapItem("id", cpu.getId());
        e.writeMapItem("quality", cpu.getQuality());
        Job job = cpu.getRunning();
        if (job == null) {
            e.writeMapItem("job", null);
        }
        else {
            e.writeMapKey("job");
            writeJob(e, job);
        }
        e.endMap();
    }

    private void writeJob(JSONEncoder e, Job job) throws IOException {
        e.beginMap();
        e.writeMapItem("id", job.getTask().getIdentity().toString());
        writeTime(e, "startTime", job.getStartTime());
        writeTime(e, "endTime", job.getEndTime());
        e.writeMapItem("walltime", job.getMaxWallTime().getMilliseconds());
        e.endMap();
    }

    private void writeTime(JSONEncoder e, String key, Time t) throws IOException {
        if (t == null) {
            e.writeMapItem(key, null);
        }
        else {
            e.writeMapItem(key, t.getMilliseconds());
        }
    }

    private ByteBuffer list() throws IOException {
        JSONEncoder e = new JSONEncoder();
        e.beginMap();
        e.writeMapItem("error", false);
        e.writeMapItem("errorMessage", null);
        e.writeMapKey("result");
        e.beginArray();
        for (String name : settings.getNames()) {
            e.writeArrayItem(name);
        }
        e.endArray();
        e.endMap();
        return ByteBuffer.wrap(e.toString().getBytes());
    }

    private ByteBuffer getAll() throws IOException {
        JSONEncoder e = new JSONEncoder();
        e.beginMap();
        e.writeMapItem("error", false);
        e.writeMapItem("errorMessage", null);
        e.writeMapKey("result");
        e.beginMap();
        for (String name : settings.getNames()) {
            try {
                e.writeMapItem(name, settings.get(name));
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                e.writeMapItem(name, "<error>");
            }
        }
        e.endMap();
        e.endMap();
        return ByteBuffer.wrap(e.toString().getBytes());
    }

    private ByteBuffer set(String name, String value) throws IOException {
        JSONEncoder e = new JSONEncoder();
        e.beginMap();
        try {
            settings.put(name, value);
            wm.settingUpdated(name);
            e.writeMapItem("error", false);
            e.writeMapItem("errorMessage", null);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            e.writeMapItem("error", true);
            e.writeMapItem("errorMessage", ex.getMessage());
        }
        e.endMap();
        return ByteBuffer.wrap(e.toString().getBytes());
    }

    private ByteBuffer get(String name) throws IOException {
        boolean error = false;
        Object value = null;
        String errorMessage = null;
        try {
            value = settings.get(name);
            error = false;
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            error = true;
            errorMessage = ex.getMessage();
        }

        JSONEncoder e = new JSONEncoder();
        e.beginMap();
        e.writeMapItem("success", !error);
        e.writeMapItem("errorMessage", errorMessage);
        e.writeMapItem("result", value);
        e.endMap();
        return ByteBuffer.wrap(e.toString().getBytes());
    }

    private ByteBuffer makeIndexPage() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append("<title>Coaster Service Settings</title>");
        for (String name : settings.getNames()) {
            sb.append(name);
            sb.append(": ");
            try {
                sb.append(settings.get(name));
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                sb.append("<error>");
            }
            sb.append("
");
        }
        sb.append("");
        return ByteBuffer.wrap(sb.toString().getBytes());
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Review - Seeing Fictions in Film
The Epistemology of Movies
by George M. Wilson
Review by Stephen Cadwell, Ph.D.
Jul 3rd 2012 (Volume 16, Issue 27)
Seeing Fictions in Film: The Epistemology of Movies by George Wilson is an attempt to answer the question "How do movie viewers see the fictions in the movies they view?" In other words, how is it that the average movie viewer sees a robot piloting a spacecraft in Prometheus when what they actually see is the actor Michael Fassbender waving his hands at cleverly made props on a soundstage. Wilson proposes an answer consisting of two hypotheses; the Fictional Showing Hypothesis and the Imagined Seeing Hypothesis. The former is an account of how the images and sounds presented by a movie form a narrator which shows the fiction of the movie, while the latter is an explanation of how we imagine seeing those fictional events as if they were real. Together these hypotheses form an account of the audio visual narration which allows us to see the film's fiction.
In the first section of the book, Wilson addresses certain objections to the sense of imagined seeing that he is proposing. For example, Gregory Currie (1995) asks; if we imagine seeing the events in a movie, then from what perspective do we imagine seeing them? Does a movie viewer imagine floating around the spacecraft Prometheus? Or do movie viewers imagine a camera following the robot on his duties? And what gives us license to imagine these strange mechanisms in the first place? Noël Carroll (2005) takes Currie's objection a step further arguing that an ordinary movie viewer doesn't imagine themselves to be in jeopardy while watching a gunfight nor do imagine themselves to be in any danger of getting wet when watching a film showing heavy rain. How can a movie viewer imagine seeing these events and yet not be compelled to imagine any of the event's consequences? Wilson cuts through these objections by declaring that, for the ordinary movie viewer, they do not arise as serious concerns. It is fictionally indeterminate for the movie viewer what kind of mechanism caused the shots which constitute the narrative of the movie to be produced and assembled. The shots of a movie fictionally show the events of a movie's story while they actually show the actions and events which make the fiction possible.
At the same time, the imagined seeing that Wilson is arguing for has less to do with any analogy between the movie viewing experience and the perspective offered by the camera than it has with the act of seeing that the movie viewer performs. The movie viewers imagines themselves seeing the fiction as if it were real but they do not necessarily imagine themselves implicated in the world of the fiction. Wilson argues that a fiction is prescribed to movie viewers through images and sounds, and they imagine seeing that as if it were real. They need not imagine any further perspective, point of view or consequence for the imagined seeing of those fictions.
Wilson's most compelling argument against these objections is the analogy of a movie with a radio play. If the intuitions which ground the objections of Currie and Carroll were accurate, how would they account for the experience of a radio play? Does the listener of a radio play imagine themselves being, for example, in front and to the left of a certain narrative event? Wilson argues that it makes no sense for the radio play listener to imagine themselves being in any particular position within the fictional space of the radio play and that the same should hold for the movie viewer. The questions do not arise for the viewer and the listener; they simply get on with the action of following the narrative as it is fictionally presented.
In the second section of the book, Wilson proposes that if these hypotheses are correct and movie viewers see fictions via audio visual narration then narrators must be ubiquitous, or almost ubiquitous to use Wilson's qualification, in classical narrative movies. Wilson carefully considers the nature of this narrator as an effaced narrator, or minimal narrating agent, by contrasting it with objections to such positions raised by Carroll (2005), Kania (2005), and Gaut (2004). Wilson offers robust defences against these objections however; I find Wilson's most compelling argument to be his analysis of the metaphoric sense of 'the camera' often used by movie viewers, critics and theorists. The attribution of the act of showing to 'the camera' is a short hand for the fictional showing of the movie in general. It is this act of showing that Wilson argues is actually performed by the narrating agent of the movie and metaphorically attributed to 'the camera'.
This final clarification of the narrating power of movies and how it facilitates our seeing of fictions, leads Wilson to the last section of the book. This is a critical analysis of certain movies which employ interesting or noteworthy narrative strategies. For me, this is the weakest section of the book. The films chosen (Fight Club, The Scarlet Empress, The Man Who Wasn't There, and others) make interesting use of narratives and narration but they are critiqued by Wilson in such a broad and general manner as to make their connection with the hypotheses put forward in the first parts of the book questionable. Each film is thoroughly discussed and enlightening points are raised about their narration but I did not feel their discussion to be exemplary of the Imagined Seeing Hypothesis nor of the Fictional Showing Hypothesis. It is unfortunate as the final three chapters do not offer the same satisfaction as the preceding six.
Overall, Wilson presents a clear and well thought out entry into the debate of fiction in films. His argument is offered amidst a sweeping survey of relevant contemporary literature making it a helpful introductory text as well as a fine account of his own position.
© 2012 Stephen Cadwell
Stephen Cadwell, Ph.D., University College Dublin

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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With its modern form, extra-deep seat and crisp tailoring, our spacious Andes Sofa has serious presence but feels airy and light thanks to the thin frame and cast metal legs.
With its modern form, deep seat and crisp tailoring, our Andes Loveseat has serious presence but is sized just right for smaller spaces.
With its modern form, deep seat and crisp tailoring, our spacious Andes Sofa has serious presence but feels airy and light thanks to the thin frame and cast metal legs.


Tapestry Landscape Architecture recently had two of our new pool architecture projects showcased in 201 Home Magazine. In the feature, the best of Bergen County backyards were highlighted for all readers in the area to admire. Our staff of talented architects and designers were the integral part of both projects, working closely alongside our clients to make sure their vision was converted onto paper, and carefully drawn out into plans to be executed.
When it comes to pool architecture, it is important to cover all of your bases on a project. Everything from the initial concept design, to the renders and sketches and drawings, to details and plans, to proper permitting and budgeting is handled by us. In the projects featured, the size of the property was carefully surveyed to ensure every different element of entertainment could be strategically incorporated into the space. From custom kitchen designs, to bar areas, to an outdoor television and lounge space, to custom built fire pits every part of the property was optimally designed.
With our sister companies, we are a full turnkey operation when it comes to pool architecture services. We handle the initial design, Tranquility Pools will install and swimming pool, and Scenic Landscaping comes in the finalize any hardscape and landscape needs. Our clients find this to be a huge benefit in working on big projects, knowing that all of our companies operate and function together on a project, so no important details are left unnoticed.
At Tapestry Landscape Architecture, we have a creative team of licensed architects as well as professional designers who specialize in all kinds of pool architecture needs. If you are interested in learning more about pool architecture, or are interested in working with us on any type of our design work, please feel free to contact us.


Prior to carrying out any works of repair, renovation, modernisation and improvement, you need to be sure that they will add value either to the property or increase the rental value. That is, unless there are other good reasons for doing the work, such as, we are obliged by law to undertake them, or the works will increase saleability. The big question is how much value do individual items of repair, renovation, modernisation and improvement add?
It is crucial to remember, cost does not equal value. It is important to remember when planning to refurbish a property that the cost of the refurbishment will not always be directly reflected by increased value. Just think about the £20,000 kitchen in the £60,000 terraced house.
It is therefore very likely on occasion that you could spend money on a property but not increase the value by as much as you spend, and in some instances you may even detract from the value.
Similarly, looked at the other way, this works in our favour because it also means that we can spend money on a property but disproportionately add value to the property, increasing its equity and therefore our wealth or the profit within the property.
We often get asked if there's a list anywhere, or a website, which shows how much value different works of repair, renovation, modernisation and improvement add to the value of a property.
Or if there's a formula we can use, to work out how much value is added.
The amount by which any work of repair, renovation, modernisation or improvement will add value to a property will almost always be market driven and will depend on the demand, requirements and expectations of the market in that area.
Adding a bedroom and a bathroom through an extension or loft conversion can add over 20% to a property's value.
Extending to accommodate an extra bedroom can add over 10% to house value.
An extra bathroom adds 5% to the value of the average home.
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Barnum - September 2014
Roll up, roll up for the big top musical Barnum which spectacularly swung into the Bristol Hippodrome this week.
It also skipped, somersaulted and twirled in a magnificent display of song, dance, storytelling and razzle dazzle acrobatics.
Actor, comedian, tightrope walker and fire-eater Brian Conley stars as the legendary 19th century showman Phineas Taylor Barnum.
Entertainer Mr Conley, aged 53, is magnetic, magical and mesmerising in the title role and in parts it was difficult to decide whether what he was doing was scripted or he is the master of ad-libs.
Based on a book by Mark Bramble about the life of a wheeler dealer with a social conscience, PT Barnum and his touring attractions, it is a love story with a backdrop of fairground sideshows and improbable characters tossed and tumbled in a kaleidoscope of kitsch.
Alongside the big band, jugglers, trapeze artists and clowns are real-life personalities like the Scandinavian opera singer Jenny Lind (Kimberly Blake) and the vertically challenged General Tom Thumb (Mikey Jay-Heath).
Fatal Attraction bunny boiler Glenn Close played Charity (Chairy) Barnum and Carry On star Jim Dale was Barnum in the original Broadway 80s production which ran for nearly 1,000 performances before transferring to the West End, London.
The first touring version came to Bristol in the 1990s with actor/singer Paul Nicholson in the lead as Barnum.
With his catchphrase 'Barnum's the name, humbug's the game' the comical conman's attempts to make a fast buck include a 160-year-old woman who was nurse to George Washington, the biggest elephant in the world and a mummified mermaid who could still make a splash.
His longsuffering but loving wife Chairy played by Royal Shakespeare Company actor Linzi Hateley aims to keep Barnum grounded while he craves risk and excitement.
A fire thwarts his attempt to run a museum; he is unfaithful with the Swedish nightingale; and finally Barnum fails to swap show business for politics by winning (or winging) a ticket to Congress.
What makes this pretty production even more special is the clashing colour coordinates of the scenery, costumes and lighting - every bit as vibrant as the slick dance routine.
The ornate circus caravan and the black and white routine are delicious.
When Barnum lost his balance on the tightrope he blames it on being temporary blinded by the light bouncing of the bald head of the man in the second row!
Wherever you look on stage – if you dare let your eyes stray from the commanding Mr Conley – something wonderful is happening.
Up, down, sideways and running along the stalls or standing on the stage steps it is action all the way.
On the way out I did overhear someone saying that although it has a rip-rousing, toe-tapping score some of the quick fire dialogue is ricocheted around the auditorium.
This was because of the lightning speed of delivery but sadly bits then became incomprehensible.
However, this is a fantastic family musical which brightens a colourless world as it follows the irrepressible imagination and dreams of the greatest showman on earth.
Barnum has music by Cy Coleman, lyrics by Michael Stewart and is staged by Cameron Mackintosh and Mark Bramble.
Mr Coleman's wonderfully exuberant score includes the hits Come Follow The Band, The Colours Of My Life and There Is A Sucker Born Ev'ry Minute.
The first night show deservedly received a standing ovation and some of the loudest cheers ever heard at the Hippodrome from its spellbound audience.
It plays the Bristol Hippodrome until Saturday, September 27.
I urge you not to miss this professional show which is suitable for all ages.
To book tickets at £12.50-£49.50 with concessions available click HERE.


This week there was a lot of talk about last week and the meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meeting ASCO 15, which was the 51st annual meeting of the society held May 29 – June 2 in Chicago. Naturally most of the talk was reserved for the clinical developments that were presented at the meeting that could have an important impact on a range of cancers faced by so many. But some of the talk was focused not on the news, but the way the news from the meeting could be reported. We are talking live streaming.
Live streaming is not new. My ability to use it is.
This year, platforms have emerged that allow a person to live-stream with the use of their phone – noteworthy examples being Meerkat (love the name) and Periscope (also a good name), the latter being an effort owned by the good people at Twitter. This is not meant to be a comparison of the two apps, you can get that in many places. Google it. And here is one. Learn about live streaming.
But the point is that I, or any one of you, can now pick up our phone (that handy little item with which we used to make phone calls) and live stream from where we are to all of our friends wherever they are. Who would be watching it? Well, you can have followers like any other media platform who will watch you, but with the advent of these apps, you can bring in everyone who follows you on Twitter. As you begin to stream, your Twitter account can send out a tweet with a link letting your followers know that you have content that is being produced. And if they miss it, with Periscope, they can catch a replay – or they can watch what you've live streamed a second time, if it is just that good.
The ability of anyone, anywhere, having the ability to live stream events or proceedings brings into play some new policy questions. At ASCO, a few reporters used live streaming to report on events, but the technology in effect makes us all reporters. And it raises interesting policy questions. For venues that are non-public in nature – i.e., sponsored – there could be a policy decision laid down that live streaming is not permitted – but how would it be enforced? Would some venues – such as a live performance play or concert – be regarded as off limits while others – such as a meeting (any meeting) – be considered fair play?
And certainly public meetings – hearings before Congress, for example, would be open to live streaming. Every Congressman has a twitter feed, maybe at some point they will be live streaming to us. And of course, there are advisory committees. Right now, many tweet various snippets of meetings, but conceivably one could live stream to one's own followers. Or just sections of a meeting, like the voting which is the only thing many would care about – such as the vote.
And then there are even one on one meetings with public officials. Live streaming brings transparency to the front burner most certainly. Can a public official forbid you to live stream a meeting?
Social media and the Internet have long represented a democratization of communications. Live streaming from your phone to Twitter – well it maybe takes things up a notch. Whoever you are – FDA official, drug company, medical society – it is probably a good idea to consider the strategic and policy implications and plan accordingly.
This entry was posted in Advisory Committee Prepapartion, New and Social Media, Social Media. Bookmark the permalink.


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Sean Morawczynski
News Content Manager, Anchor, Producer
Sean Morawczynski started at KEYC through a summer internship in 2017 and is now reporting for the station as of December 2017. He grew up in Champlin, MN, where his dreams of NFL stardom ended in the 4th grade when he realized he lacked the athletic ability to continue playing. He attended Champlin Park High School until graduating in 2012. He made his way down 169 to begin his college career at Minnesota State University, Mankato. Sean left school after two years then returned in the Spring of 2016, where he graduated in the Spring of 2018 with a major in Mass Media and a Political Science minor.
In his free time, Sean enjoys exploring the outdoors, hunting, fishing. He is a big fan of books (especially Harry Potter) and being bad at video games. Growing up, Sean played hockey until the 9th grade then switched to alpine skiing in his sophomore year of high school. He remembers literally not being able to stand up on skis the first day of practice to weaving through gates on black diamonds later that year.
Sean is not a big fan of cats and much prefers dogs, like his English Springer Spaniel named Tess.
• Hometown?
Champlin, MN
• What's your favorite part of your job?
I really like the connection to the community that develops with each story and experience.
• What's your dream story?
I don't have any specific "dream story" but I love covering stories that highlight people going out of their way just to help others.
• What did you want to be when you were growing up?
I wanted to be a CIA agent or a cop for the longest time. The show "24" was a favorite of mine growing up so obviously I wanted to get as close to being Jack Bauer as I could. As that dream quickly died, I figured the next best person to emulate is Michael Kelso (Ashton Kutcher) from another one of my favorites, "That '70s Show." By high school, I got bored with that idea and moved on.
• What got you interested in news and sports?
I've always enjoyed watching sports and SportsCenter but more recently I've become really interested in the news media and its place in US History. It's fascinating to me how long the press has been involved with pivotal moments throughout the past.
• Who's your favorite singer?
• What's your favorite season?
Season 3 of "The Office"
• Have you ever been told that you look like someone famous?
Eli Manning, but I'm not sure if that's a compliment.
• If you had access to a time machine, where and when would you go?
To my 18th birthday and give myself a sports almanac so I can bet on all the future champions and make billions of dollars.
Jury selection underway in civil rights trial
J. Kueng, Thomas Lane and Tou Thao are charged with depriving Floyd of his constitutional rights while acting under government authority. Starting today, jurors will be questioned by U.S. District Judge Paul Magnuson.
Snow and blowing snow causes hundreds of crashes across Minnesota
Roads were a little slower this morning across the state as we see some wintry weather.
'Keep the Wreathe Bright' comes to an end
The Mankato Department of Public Safety's annual "Keep the Wreath Bright" campaign, which aimed to bring awareness to preventable fires and fire safety throughout the holiday season, has ended.
Department of Public Safety reports largest number of fatal crashes since 2007
Department of Public Safety officials reported 497 deadly incidents throughout the 2021 calendar year. In 2007, there were 510.
Windom Area Health to host a community blood drive
Windom Area Health will offer a $5 McDonald's gift card to anyone who donates during a blood drive next Monday, Jan. 10.
Multiple reports of overnight burglaries in Redwood Falls
Police in Redwood Falls report a string of car burglaries overnight.
Educators brace for COVID-19 spike
Minnesota's educators are bracing for what they expect will be a spike in coronavirus cases after students return to their classrooms.
Martin County Schools reopen
Martin County West Schools returned to classes today. The district closed schools on Dec. 21, after finding a threatening note in a classroom.
Star of "Buddy: The Buddy Holly Story" discusses upcoming show
Tickets cost $40, dinner begins at 5:30 p.m. the the nights of show. Showtime is 7 p.m.
Judge allows Twin Metals challenge
A Minnesota appellate court has affirmed that a wilderness advocacy group, Northeastern Minnesotans for Wilderness, has standing to challenge state rules on copper mine sites.
UPDATE: Austin standoff leads to shooting death of suspect
UPDATE: Austin authorities said a mental health situation ultimately led to a deadly shooting of a male suspect.
Jury finds Kim Potter guilty of manslaughter in Daunte Wright's death
Kim Potter was taken into custody and held on no bond after a jury convicted her Thursday on charges of first and second-degree manslaughter.
'Elf-on-the-Shelf' greets students at Windom Elementary
A principal-turned-elf, Dane Nielsen, has been moving locations around Windom Elementary School throughout the week as students arrive for the day.
Portion of Riverfront Drive closing on Sunday for Dakota 38+2 riders
A heads up for drivers making their way through Mankato on Sunday. A portion of RIverfront Drive will be closed as the Dakota 38 plus two riders arrive at Reconciliation Park.
SMIF gifted $1 million for early literacy grant distribution
Some eligible local school districts, including Blue Earth Area Schools, Maple River Schools and United South Central Schools have a new opportunity for grant funding thanks to a $1 million donation to the Southern Minnesota Initiative Foundation.
Burglary suspects sought by Redwood County authorities
The Redwood County sheriff's department says that two suspects captured on a surveillance camera are believed to have been involved in a burglary which took place around 3:30 a.m. on Dec. 3.
Gov. Walz, family test positive for COVID
The governor says his son has mild symptoms and both he and Gwen Walz are asymptomatic.
Blue Cross pledges $500,000 to MSU Mankato
Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Minnesota has pledged $500,000 to provide 24 Presidential Scholarships for MSU Mankato.
Mayo Clinic feels capacity pressure due to rise in COVID-19 cases
In recent weeks, Mayo Clinic has seen increases in the number of COVID-19 patients needing care and those numbers are only expected to remain elevated.
Deadline Sunday for Holiday Sharing Tree giving cards
Updated: Dec. 9, 2021 at 10:34 AM CST
The deadline is this Sunday for Holiday Sharing Tree giving cards.
North Mankato woman charged with DWI after SUV, school bus crash
Updated: Dec. 8, 2021 at 7:00 PM CST
A woman has been arrested on suspicion of driving while intoxicated after allegedly crashing her SUV into a school bus in North Mankato Tuesday afternoon.
Graduation ceremony returns to in-person at MSU Mankato
Minnesota State University Mankato graduates will be able to get their degrees in person, this Saturday, for the first time since the start of the pandemic.
Missing Truman woman found safe; alert canceled
Updated: Dec. 8, 2021 at 7:45 AM CST
Joleigha Johnson, 42, who was was last seen in her Truman home on Dec. 1, has been found.
Chief Arradondo to retire at end of term
Minneapolis Police Chief Medaria Arradondo said he will not accept a third term.
Omicron variant detected in Minnesotan who traveled to NYC Anime Convention
Updated: Dec. 2, 2021 at 10:12 PM CST
Minnesota's first confirmed case of the Omicron variant is the second instance discovered in the United States.
VIDEO: Malcolm says Omicron not a reason for panic
Today, Minnesota Department of Health Commissioner Jan Michael held a press conference after the second confirmed case of the Omicron variant of COVID-19 was discovered in Minnesota.
State troopers to wear body cameras
By the middle of next year, Minnesota State Patrol will be fitting all of its troopers with body cameras.
Two men arrested in multiple raids by Minnesota River Valley Drug Task Force
Two men--Michael Allen Smith, 38, of rural Mapleton, and Frederick King, 42, of Mankato--were arrested in separate raids by the Minnesota River Valley Drug Task Force.
Jury selection continues in Kim Potter trial
Prosecutors and attorneys for suburban Minneapolis police officer charged in Daunte Wright's shooting death, Kim Potter, have selected eight jurors for her trial.
Faribault police in search of suspected mail thief
Police in Faribault are looking for a suspected mail thief and reminding residents to be mindful of holiday packages and mail containing gift cards during the season.
Kim Potter jury selection begins
Updated: Nov. 30, 2021 at 10:47 AM CST
Attorneys have begun sifting through roughly 200 potential jurors for the trial of Kim Potter, the Brooklyn Center police officer who shot and killed motorist Daunte Wright.
Red Kettle campaign reaches 22% of goal
Updated: Nov. 29, 2021 at 12:38 PM CST
Lt. Andy Wheeler of the Mankato Salvation Army said through the first week of the campaign, 22% of the $525,000 goal has been raised.
Gustavus Adolphus College awarded $498,005 grant
By Marissa Voss and Sean Morawczynski
Gustavus Adolphus College has been awarded nearly half a million dollars in grant funding from National Endowment for the Humanities.
Jury selection to begin in Kim Potter Trial
Jury selection will begin tomorrow for a former Brooklyn Center police officer Kim Potter, who said she meant to grab her Taser instead of her handgun when she shot and killed motorist Daunte Wright.
Minnesota announces expansion for monoclonial antibody treatment
Minnesota announced it will expand monoclonal antibody treatment for COVID-19.
Emerald Ash Borer Discovered for first time in Nicollet, Redwood Counties
The discovery of Emerald Ash Borer, an invasive beetle, in Nicollet and Redwood Counties for the first time, has sparked an emergency quarantine of firewood and ash materials out of the two counties.
Maverick Food Pantry to distribute free holiday meal boxes to students today
Updated: Nov. 23, 2021 at 9:44 AM CST
MSU, Mankato's Maverick Food Pantry is distributing 125 free holiday meal boxes to MSU Mankato students in need of food assistance during the Thanksgiving break.
Level 3 sex offender moves to Owatonna area
Local police officials say Benny Ledesma, 29, a level 3 sex offender, has recently moved into the Owatonna area.
Blue Earth teen requires airlift after rollover crash
A teen requires air transport after being ejected from her vehicle in a rollover crash in rural Blue Earth on Sat., around 4:45 p.m.
Man airlifted after Sibley County rollover crash
Law enforcement says Tyler Hansen, 27, rolled his vehicle multiple times in Winthrop, on Friday, around 10:30 p.m.
GoFundMe set up for woman, son killed in Dickinson County crash
Mariah Nelson, 29, and her one-year-old child, Symere Williams, were killed in a crash in Dickinson County, Iowa, last Saturday.
Redwood Falls police investigating death of local man
Updated: Nov. 10, 2021 at 4:43 PM CST
Authorities in Redwood Falls are investigating the death of a local man.
Public comments sought on Twin Metals Mining
Minnesota regulators are accepting public comments through Dec. 8 about the state's regulation of nonferrous mining providing enough protection against environmental damage to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness.
Redwood Valley Middle and High School students treated after suspected drug exposure
According to Redwood Falls law enforcement, four students at Redwood Valley Middle and High School were displaying symptoms of a drug exposure, although the exact substance they might have been exposed to is unknown.
Construction on Hwy 169 nearing end
Updated: Nov. 9, 2021 at 12:15 PM CST
MNDOT says the 13-mile resurfacing and maintenance project on Hwy 169, from Winnebago to Vernon Center, has about one more week until its finished.
Howard Lake woman dies in Highway 7 crash
On Monday morning, a Howard Lake woman, Marlana Denise Mogenson, 66, was traveling southbound on Babcock Avenue on Highway 7 when her vehicle collided with an eastbound cargo truck. She was pronounced dead at the scene.
Mankato man arrested on kidnapping, assault charges
Updated: Nov. 4, 2021 at 6:39 PM CDT
Last night, Peter John Lohre, 24, was arrested on kidnapping and assault charges after allegedly forcing a woman to flee police at gunpoint near Waseca.
COVID-19 Information Update
Today the state is reporting 3,718 new COVID-19 cases and 32 additional deaths.
WATCH: Iowa man taking out trash witnesses meteor in sky
By Kyle Kiel and Gray News Staff
A man in Bettendorf, Iowa captured video of a meteor in the sky Thursday morning on his home security camera.
More than 500 Minnesotans have enrolled in state training programs offered through the Minnesota State college system and HeartCert, a private provider.
Who are the 3 officers on trial in George Floyd's death?
Instagram rolling out paid subscriptions pilot program
By CNN Staff
They can charge as little as 99 cents and as much as $100 a month.
US researchers test pig-to-human kidney transplant in donated body
With the help of a family who donated a loved one's body for science, they mimicked the way human organ transplants are done — from removing the pig "donor" kidneys to sewing them inside the deceased man's abdomen.
The NCAA has adopted a sport-by-sport approach for transgender athletes, bringing the organization in line with the U.S. and International Olympic Committees.


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Home » 20 trails where Chicago-area hikers can enjoy nature, peace before winter sets in
20 trails where Chicago-area hikers can enjoy nature, peace before winter sets in
In Hiking
It's not "purple mountains majesty" for hiking, Jason King knows. But Illinois, Indiana and southern Wisconsin offer trails that are free, close, not congested, and they offer a solace and beauty all their own.
"I love Illinois," says King, who teaches geography at Moraine Valley Community College in Palos Hills. "I've lived here all my life. If you like simplicity, if you like the feel of the wind blowing through the trees … there's no place better."
One of his favorite solo hikes to "get the world behind me" is near Gary, in the little-used western part of Indiana Dunes National Park. The Paul H. Douglas center is closed for now, but the namesake trail winds through Miller Woods and across the Grand Calumet River. It was named for the late U.S. senator from Illinois, who helped make the Dunes a national park. It's a moderately challenging three and a half miles out and back, partly through sand dunes, so it's a workout.
"It's a truly unique trail," King says. "I can't think of another where, in a couple of miles, you'll see a forest, you'll see a marsh, you'll see a unique biome called a black oak savannah, then the dunes, and finally you're at the shore of Lake Michigan."
There are many such gems within three hours of Chicago that aren't as urban as the North Branch River Trail or as crowded as Starved Rock State Park in Utica. The joys of fall hiking include leaves changing colors, fewer mosquitos and ticks and cooler weather.
The list that follows of hiking trails near Chicago is based on in-person exploration the past three years, online sources and conservation groups like Openlands. Check the websites for access information and hours. Remember: Dogs aren't allowed in any Illinois nature preserve.
King takes less ambitious hikers — his 6- and 8-year-old kids — to a trail that starts at Little Red Schoolhouse Nature Center in Willow Springs. Besides indoor exhibits, there is a primitive outdoor playground and plenty of programs. Three natural surface trails of varying lengths total two and a half miles through black oak and white oak forests past a slough full of aquatic life that's flourished from three decades of restoration.
It's one of several starting points for the extensive, much-loved and occasionally rugged 42-mile Palos trail system that is dear to serious hikers. The yellow trail connects near the schoolhouse. Many other access points are listed on maps that rate skill levels from easy to very difficult. Watch out for mountain bikers.
The Palos Trail System is dear to hikers and also popular with mountain bikers.
Jason Lindsey / Illinois Office of Tourism
The trails contain a surprising amount of elevation, given that much of Illinois was bulldozed flat by mile-high glaciers during a series of ice ages that ended about 10,000 years ago.
But the glaciers left moraines and other features that the melting ice and water later cut through, creating valleys and gorges. Walking up and down as much as 200 feet on these trails, a visitor is traversing sand and rock debris carried and deposited by a glacier, then dug out by rushing ice and water. Some large chunks of ice broke off, sunk and created lakes and marsh.
Next door to Palos and just south of the Calumet-Saganashkee Channel, which was dredged to help reverse the Chicago River, is the largest roadless area — and most remote place — in Cook County: Cap Sauers Holding, a forested, certified nature preserve within the Sag Valley Trail System.
The seven-mile yellow loop winds through wooded bluffs and ravines, wetlands and prairie openings. Look for a very narrow, less traveled, hikers-only loop that branches north over an esker — a rare ice age feature.
McKinley Woods in Channahon hugs the Des Plaines River in Will County as it carries water from the Chicago River to the Illinois River. Frederick's Grove, a former Civilian Conservation Corps camp, offers two miles of dirt trails to a 500-acre chinquapin and white oak grove. The one-hour drive in fall offers a chance to see white pelicans feeding along the river and gathering for migration.
The adjacent limestone Illinois and Michigan Canal State Trail follows the 1840s waterway for 61 miles.
Going to or from McKinley, you'll pass near the Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie in Wilmington, a former Army ammunition plant on 20,000 acres that's slowly being restored to native prairie with the help of volunteers and a bison herd.
Boneset, likely tall boneset, brightens the fall at Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie.
Messenger Woods Nature Preserves — in Homer Glen — is a 400-acre protected preserve with a two-mile natural surface loop trail good for children.
Nearby in Park Forest is another nature preserve, Thorn Creek Woods Nature Preserve, managed by Will County. It's filled with mature oak, hickory, basswood and sugar maple trees and has two miles of natural surface trails and a nature center.
A challenging climb takes hikers out of the Franklin Creek valley and into the woods.
A green heron stalks the far bank of Lee County's Franklin Creek, where a grist mill once turned. The heron's legs sink into the mud, and its crest rises and falls. The water's edge riffles as minnows shoot toward the middle of the creek, away from the searching yellow eyes and long, sharp beak of the heron. Upstream, two ruby-throated hummingbirds feed on tall, waving sunflowers.
The five miles of trails at the 882-acre Franklin Creek State Natural Area near Dixon border the stream and take hikers up and down the steep, forested hills and gorges carved out of a moraine, exposing outcroppings of 500-million-year-old New Richmond sandstone — the oldest exposed rock in Illinois.
Start at Mill Springs Day Use Area to access the exceptional two-mile Pioneer Pass trail, where hikers will cross one of several bubbling clear springs emerging from the bedrock. The trail is a natural surface with steps and railings in places and is in average condition, which will make it a workout for older knees.
Having made the roughly two-hour trip west, it only makes sense to see the bison at Nachusa Grasslands, where the Nature Conservancy and its partners are restoring 4,000 acres of prairie. There are a few miles of trails through the prairie, including one that begins at a new outdoor visitors center. Off-trail hiking is encouraged.
A short distance farther west is the Rock River and the colorful sandstone cliffs of Castle Rock State Park.
Nearby, Lowden-Miller State Forest has 22 miles of hiking trails, and several short loop trails take hikers through White Pines State Park.
Near West
A ring of gray, denuded trees comes into view, standing sentinel over a low-lying sedge meadow. A woodpecker hammers one of the trees, sending a wooden echo across the bur oak savannah. Late-day sunlight filters through the leaves and lights up the goldenrod. Six bluejays in treetop branches make their "squeaky gate" calls.
This urban refuge, the 245-acre Salt Creek Woods Nature Preserve, is 10 miles west of Chicago and sports a lightly used trail in the middle of La Grange Park. Piles of invasive buckthorn and fire-scarred trees are reminders that Cook County is working with the Shedd Aquarium and volunteers to restore the area.
Hikers can start in several spots and walk the Salk Creek yellow trail for about two miles. The trail access points are away from the main parking lots. One point is near a picnic shelter at Bemis Woods. Another is off Mayfair Drive —park on Mayfair, and cross 31st Street at the stoplight to find the "Bob Mann" sign.
Rock Creek (left) trickles over a gravel bed en route to the Kankakee River. And a narrow path takes hikers through Wolf Road Prairie and its native sawtooth sunflowers.
Hikers can combine the Salt Creek trail with a walk through a rare nature preserve at Wolf Road Prairie, a high-quality remnant of a pre-settlement Illinois tallgrass prairie. Two hundred years ago — about the age of one of the bur oaks here — this was part of a landscape of 22 million prairie acres dotted with small groves. Right before the Great Depression, this property in Westchester was slated to become a subdivision. Now, only the concrete sidewalks remain among the acres of tall sawtooth sunflowers and other native plants tended by volunteers. Less than 1% of Illinois prairie remains.
It's a five-minute walk from Wolf Road Prairie at its 31st Street entrance (next to a Shell station) south to Salt Creek trail on Wolf Road. Explorers can cover a mile out and back on the restored prairie and add another two miles on Salt Creek's footpath.
Or visitors can park on Constitution Avenue, south of Cermak Road, near the historic Franzosenbusch schoolhouse and home built in 1852 by German immigrants (open Sundays 3 p.m. to 5 p.m.).
In DuPage County, hikers can enjoy a series of easy, crushed limestone trails layered throughout several well-managed preserves showcasing a variety of landscapes. Starting at the east end at Danada Forest Preserve, about 19 miles of trails connect to, in order: Herrick Lake Forest Preserve, St. James Farm, Warrenville Grove and the county's crown jewel, Blackwell Forest Preserve.
The 60-mile limestone Illinois Prairie Path also runs through at St. James Farm.
If you have young kids, you can try the short loop at nearby Lyman Woods, another certified nature preserve.
In the northwest corner of Illinois, and into Wisconsin, is the unglaciated Driftless Area, a stark and striking hilly landscape, cut with valleys large and small.
One of the most gorgeous sites in the state is the 1,900-acre Apple River Canyon State Park, about 2.5 hours from Chicago, with several miles of trails through limestone bluffs, deep ravines, springs and streams.
Farther north, in Wisconsin, is Devil's Lake State Park, about a three-hour drive from Chicago, which has 30 miles of hiking trails and 500-foot quartzite bluffs that overlook a 360-acre lake.
Glacial Park Conservation Area, about 90 minutes northwest of Chicago, is McHenry County's most popular outdoor destination due to the diversity of its 3,400 acres containing savannah, prairie, bog, kettle marsh and the prized Nippersink Creek.
Several concentric loop trails, the longest three miles, total five miles. A 26-mile regional Prairie Trail cuts through the area going south, and north (unpaved) to the Wisconsin border.
For another stop on the way to Glacial Park, the 2,200-acre Moraine Hills State Park is dominated by lakes and wetlands criss-crossed by 10 miles of trails, mostly crushed limestone.A longer trip into Wisconsin, about a two-hour drive, will deliver adventurers to the southern unit of the Kettle Moraine State Forest — a supersized Moraine Hills with 10 times the acreage, 100 miles of trails and access to a much longer Ice Age National Scenic footpath of 1,000 miles.
Read More: 20 trails where Chicago-area hikers can enjoy nature, peace before winter sets in
Topics: Chicagoarea enjoy hikers nature peace sets trails winter
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text:
Q: Update/Reload fragment with new data received from activity with TabLayout and FragmentPagerAdapter My application consists of an ActivityHome using TabLayout and SectionsPagerAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter to insert placeholder in two internal fragment (FragmentLeft and FragmentRight).
The ActivityHome loads data from the database and passes them through bundle in the two fragment using the method getItem from the SectionsPagerAdapter  (pretty much a base SectionsPagerAdapter)
The FragmentRight creates a popup that contains within it another fragment (FragmentPopup). This fragment give at the user the possibility to make change and save all to the database through UPDATE query
This data is displayed in FragmentLeft and FragmentRight, I would like update them when the database is updated via FragmentPopup.
For this I defined a interface in the FragmentPopup (interfaceDataFragmentPopUpToActivity), that interface is implemented in the HomeActivity. Through this interface the ActivityHome sees that the data has been modified and updates the datas that will then be passed at the two fragment. This update of the datas is performed in ActivityHome with the implementation of the method of my interface.
In addition I have overwritten the notifyDataSetChanged() method of my SectionsPagerAdapter class for try to update the two fragment.
The problem is that I can not recharge the fragments (I'm interested above all the FragmentLeft) properly.
This is a little part of the code of the MainActivity
public class ActivityHome extends AppCompatActivity InterfaceDataFragmentPopUpToActivity {

    private SectionsPagerAdapter mSectionsPagerAdapter;
    private ViewPager mViewPager;
    private Bundle bundle;
    private FragmentLeft fragmentLeft;
    private FragmentRight fragmentRight;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        ...

        // Set up the ViewPager with the sections adapter.
        mSectionsPagerAdapter = new SectionsPagerAdapter(getSupportFragmentManager());
        mViewPager = (ViewPager) findViewById(R.id.container);
        mViewPager.setAdapter(mSectionsPagerAdapter);

        TabLayout tabLayout = (TabLayout) findViewById(R.id.tabs);
        tabLayout.setupWithViewPager(mViewPager);

        ...
    }

    //method from my interface
    @Override
    public void updateData(Boolean changeData) {
        if (changeData) {

            ...
            Load data from database;
            ...

            bundle = new Bundle();
            bundle.putParcelable("dataPass", dataPass);
            mViewPager.getAdapter().notifyDataSetChanged();
        }
    }

    //My SectionsPagerAdapter inside the java file of the ActivityHome
    public class SectionsPagerAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter {
        private Bundle bundleAdapter;

        @Override
        public int getItemPosition(Object object) {
            return POSITION_NONE;
        }

        public SectionsPagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm, Bundle bundleAdapter) {
            super(fm);
            this.bundleAdapter = bundleAdapter;
        }

        //this is one of the latest tests carried out to update the Fragment
        @Override
        public void notifyDataSetChanged(){
            this.bundleAdapter = bundle;
            fragmentLeft = new FragmentLeft();
            FragmentTransaction ft =  getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
            fragmentLeft.setArguments(bundle);
            ft.replace(R.id.your_placeholder, fragmentLeft);
            ft.commit();
        }

        @Override
        public Fragment getItem(int position) {
            fragmentLeft = new FragmentLeft();
            fragmentRight = new FragmentRight();
            fragmentLeft.setArguments(bundleAdapter);
            fragmentRight.setArguments(bundleAdapter);
            switch (position) {
                case 0:
                    return fragmentLeft;
                case 1:
                    return fragmentRight;
                default:
                    return fragmentLeft;
            }
        }

        @Override
        public int getCount() {
            // Show 2 total pages.
            return 2;
        }

        @Override
        public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) {
            // Replace blank spaces with image icon
            SpannableString sb = new SpannableString(tabTitles[position]);
            return sb;
        }
    }

The ActivityHome layout:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
    tools:openDrawer="start">

    <android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme.AppBarOverlay">

        <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
            android:id="@+id/toolbar"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
            android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
            app:popupTheme="@style/AppTheme.PopupOverlay" />

        <android.support.design.widget.TabLayout
            android:id="@+id/tabs"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    </android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>

    <android.support.v4.view.ViewPager
        android:id="@+id/container"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" />

    <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/your_placeholder"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"></FrameLayout>

    <android.support.design.widget.NavigationView
        android:id="@+id/nav_view"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_gravity="start"
        android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
        app:menu="@menu/activity_home_drawer" />

</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>

SOLVED
i have find the solution in this post Remove Fragment Page from ViewPager in Android
I have change FragmentPageAdapter with `FragmentStatePageAdapater
and Override this method:
@Override
public int getItemPosition(Object object) {
//FragmentLeft is the class for the first fragment in the view
//recreate only FragmentLeft
    if (object instanceof FragmentLeft) {
        return POSITION_NONE;
    }
    return 1;
}

I propose again the explanation
Why this solution works
Overriding getItemPosition():
When notifyDataSetChanged() is called, the adapter calls the notifyChanged() method of the ViewPager which it is attached to. The ViewPager then checks the value returned by the adapter's getItemPosition() for each item, removing those items which return POSITION_NONE (see the source code) and then repopulating.

A: 1.How you are sending new data to your view pager adapter(i.e SectionsPagerAdapter ).I think you are not sending new data to refresh the adapter
My Suggestion: Please try like this

*

*Please create one function(Ex: refreshData(Bundle bundleAdapter)) in adapter(SectionsPagerAdapter) class .

*so by using that function you can send the new data to adpater from your updateData() method

*

*mSectionsPagerAdapter .refreshData(bundleAdapter)

*mSectionsPagerAdapter  .notifyDataSetChanged();

A: Please keep my old logic and now remove the default case from getItem() switch case: change the logi like below
public Fragment getItem(int position) {

        switch (position) {
            case 0:
            FragmentLeft fragmentLeft = new FragmentLeft();
             fragmentLeft.setArguments(bundleAdapter);
                return fragmentLeft;
            case 1:
              FragmentRight fragmentRight = new FragmentRight();
             fragmentRight.setArguments(bundleAdapter);
                return fragmentRight;

        }
    }

A: SOLVED
i have find the solution in this post Remove Fragment Page from ViewPager in Android
I have change FragmentPageAdapter with `FragmentStatePageAdapater
and Override this method:
@Override
public int getItemPosition(Object object) {
//FragmentLeft is the class for the first fragment in the view
//recreate only FragmentLeft
    if (object instanceof FragmentLeft) {
        return POSITION_NONE;
    }
    return 1;
}

I propose again the explanation
Why this solution works
Overriding getItemPosition():
When notifyDataSetChanged() is called, the adapter calls the notifyChanged() method of the ViewPager which it is attached to. The ViewPager then checks the value returned by the adapter's getItemPosition() for each item, removing those items which return POSITION_NONE (see the source code) and then repopulating.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


2888 Cherry Lane has a Walk Score of 54 out of 100. This location is Somewhat Walkable so some errands can be accomplished on foot.
This location is in the Vista neighborhood in Boise City. Nearby parks include Bowden Park and Ivywild Park.
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from 2888 Cherry Lane.
2888 Cherry Lane is in the Vista neighborhood. Vista is the 10th most walkable neighborhood in Boise City with a neighborhood Walk Score of 48.


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Beautiful Swarovski jeweled headpeice measures 7 3/4", while the doubled ribbon extends it to 46".
Includes your choice of color in 5/8" satin or sheer ribbon. Shown in silver, with clear crystals and white double faced satin ribbon.
Perfect for wrapping around a hair bun, as a smaller matching accessory for your bridesmaids, or for a smaller headpiece to replace or accent your veil.
May be available in gold finish, with AB crystals or with pearls, depending on my sources.
Matching belts / sashes and full length headpieces (shown with AB crystals), necklaces and bracelets available. Please contact me for details.


text:
Item - Beadle's Weekly, v. II, n. 70, March 15, 1884
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Online Full Text:
Beadle's Weekly — v. 2 no. 70
White Beaver, the Exile of the Platte; or, A Wronged Man's Red Trail. A Romance founded upon Incidents in the Border Life of Frank Powell, the "Doctor Scout," Late Surgeon in the United States Army, and now the "Mighty Medicine Chief of the Winnebagoes." (Work, chapters XIX-XXII, pages 1-2)
Hymn (Work, page 2)
Old Pop Hicks, Showman; or, Lion Charley's Luck. A Tale of Circus Rivalry (Work, chapters XXV-XXVII, page 2)
Through Memory's Window (Work, page 3)
Monte Jim, The Black Sheep of Bismarck (Work, chapter XXVII (conclusion), page 3)
Plains and Mountain Men: "Old Bill" Williams (Work, page 3)
Strange Ocean Caverns (Work, page 3)
By the River (Work, page 5)
Little Buckskin, The Young Prairie Centaur; or, Old Kit Bandy, the Border Sleuth (Work, chapters X-XI, page 5)
My Sweetheart (Work, page 5)
Kate Scott, the Decoy Detective; or, Joe Phenix's Still Hunt. A Romance of the Upper Crust and Lower Crust of New York Life (Work, chapters XVII-XIX, pages 5-6)
Some Day (Work, page 6)
The Pink of the Pacific; or, The Adventures of a Stowaway (Work, chapters XXXIII-XXXV, pages 6-7)
A Slight Misunderstanding (Work, page 7)
Chinese Love Song (Work, page 8)
Saved by a Grizzly (Work, page 8)
Shooting a Ghost (Work, page 8)
Beadle and Adams (1872-1898) (New York (N.Y.)) -- United States
Edition Description:
Also includes: The Wide Awake Papers (department), The Owl Papers (department), Focused Facts (department), Correspondents' Column (department), Casual Mention (department), Science and Industry (department), Telephone Echoes (department), and filler. There are a number of short articles including: "Humbug", "Skedaddle", and "Dude", Savages and the Telephone, "Good, Bad and Jack Mormons", Mexicans as Thieves, The Catfish of the Washoe Lake, Changing Nature, Prosperous Women in Dakota, Two Particular Personages, A Team of Deer, and The Roustabout.


You can insert special characters in Google Docs in your archives and introductions without recalling every one of those Alt-codes by utilizing Google Docs and Slides EASY-TO-USE character addition method. It offers a horde of images, characters, images, dialects.
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MASVINGO – Workers Day celebrations held at Mucheke Stadium on Monday were dominated by loud calls for workers to fight for their rights in a desolate economy where the average employee can no longer afford the basics of life.
Kamurai Moyo, a National Executive member of the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Union (ZCTU) who was representing the national president Peter Mutasa, expressed concern over the rate of unemployment which he said was signified by a demoralised working class.
"We used to fill these places when we do these celebrations but now look, there are few people here, and what does this signify; there are no workers," said Moyo.
Moyo said the union could not desist from politics while workers were starving as the welfare of workers depended on good political leadership.
"When people see us, they say ZCTU is now doing politics. We say yes, there is no way we can desist from politics while we are starving," said Moyo.
In his speech, Moyo said a survey by ZCTU showed that a large number of the people are working suffer wage theft, a situation whereby workers fail to get their dues while their employers enjoy obscene luxury.
"At least 120 000 workers across the country worked without pay between 2015 and 2016 and about 350 000 of the formally employed workers live in poverty.
"We do not want to be misquoted here, the workers are not fighting a single person as some people would want to say, the workers are fighting for their rights," he said.


19 Mukhi Rudrakshais Lord Narayan's form, the supreme God. The wearer of 19 Mukhi Rudraksha gets everything in life. 19 Mukhi Rudraksha gives success, wealth and all in life. The wearer of 19 Mukhi Rudraksha gets blessings of Vishnu and Goddess Laxmi and is blessed with many virtues , beauty and prosperity. The wearer gets freedom from dreaded diseases, gets perfect life partner. 19 Mukhi Rudraksha removes obstacles in job/business/education and removes planetary afflictions. The wearer gets Moksha.
19 Mukhi Rudraksha is related to Lord Shiva, Goddess Parvati and Lord Ganesha. The person who wears 19 Mukhi Rudraksha after proper Sidhhi ( method of purification & charging with Mantra) will never get any disease in the life time and get all kinds of success, happiness and comforts in his life. 19 Mukhi Rudraksha provides comfort of money, wife, sons and daughters. The wearer of 19 Mukhi Rudraksha should go to the temple of Lord Shiva and should offer milk, curd, water and Bilva patra to the Lord Shiva, Goddess Parvati and Shree Ganesha regularly to get their blessings.
19 Mukhi Rudraksha have Lord Shiva residing in it. Shiv Shankar is very Merciful to his devotees and shower all kind of mercy and comforts to his devotees. Lord Shiva made this nineteen faceted Rudraksha which is priceless and has magical powers; therefore it makes the life of the wearer complete with every comforts and free from all kind of troubles. 19 Mukhi Rudraksha have mother Parvati also residing in it. Who is very merciful to her devotees. Mother bless all his devotees to become free from all kind of troubles and provides with every comforts and happiness. mother loves her children very much make their lives very comfortable. Lord Ganesha is the provider of all kind of Riddhi and Siddhi ( attainments). Every work is started with the Ganesha Puja and by remembering Lord Ganesha. Lord Ganesha converts every trouble in to comfort.
The Highly Auspicious 19 Mukhi Rudraksha Lord Narayana Rudraksha brings the Blessings of the Supreme Creator to the wearer......Blessings and Benefits given to the Mankind from the Supreme Creator by way of the Shrimad Bhagwat Puraan and Purusha Sukta and Narayana Sukta to the Satya Narayana Vrata and the Armour of the Lord Narayan Kavach.
This is one of the many most important Higher Mukhi Rudraksha representing the Primordial Power and Mystical Energy of The Lord Narayana as The Supreme Creator....... with values and merits based in the Consciousness of the Godhead in humanity and Incarnate Divinity. These values and merits of the 19 Mukhi Rudraksha Lord Narayana Rudraksha manifest themselves for the weaerer by supporting the fullfillment of desires and relief from the pain and suffering of Karma acting as an armour or Kavach that protects the wearer from the blows of adversity in life.
As Sri Swami Krishnananda has stated " The name Narayana may be safely taken to be an impartial reference to the Supreme Creator as larger than and prior to the manifestations of Brahma Vishnu and Siva........this non dogmatic attitude is substantiated by the descriptions of God in the Srimad Bhagavata. God may equally be called ParamaSiva in the terminology of the Puranas. The Supreme Being for the sake of sustenance of the world appears as Brahma Vishnu and Siva........Brahma creating Vishnu preserving and Siva as Rudra destroying everything in the end....It is this Supreme Narayana who is hymned in the Purusha Sukta and the Narayana Sukta of the Vedas ".
It is this Supreme Narayana that the Holy 19 Mukhi Rudraksha Lord Narayana Rudraksha is named for. The wearer of this Holy Rudraksha also reaps the benefits of becoming closer and closer to the likenes of the Mystical Energy of the Supreme Creator........ Described as the sole refuge of all creatures........The One who has made the hearts of human beings his abode........Becoming closer to the Flame of Lord Narayana resting in the Hrit padma that is the eight petalled Lotus just below the Heart Chakra.........Hrim being this Sacred Heart Chakra Bij Mantra.
The Holy Rudraksha in general.... by their very nature.... act as an armour or Kavach protecting the wearer against negativity and allowing the positive to remain and grow strong. In Siva Purana is stated........ they are competent to break asunder the clustered sins unbearable to others as the sacred texts have declared. If we interpret the word sin to mean actions that have produced pain and suffering that continues in life then it follows that wearing the Holy Rudraksha destroys this sin and pain and suffering allowing the Mankind more freedom to learn from their mistakes made and then to make a better life for all. The 19 Mukhi Lord Narayana Rudraksha is named in this manner as it represents all that has been given to benefit the Mankind by the Supreme Creator.....the Supreme Narayana.


Am I being listened to? It's amazing how many jewellers go into "pushy sales mode" when they deal with their customers. You don't want that. You want someone to listen to you and your needs – after all, it's not the jeweller's wedding, it's yours.
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Can they walk you through the 4Cs? The 4cs of diamonds are very important and a good jeweller should be able to walk you through what they mean by them and demonstrate them on the stones they recommend to you. This is a very important test of expertise.
What are the warranty and support policies like? You buy a wedding or engagement ring for a lifetime not for a single day and that means you should talk to the jeweller about ongoing care for that investment too.
This all adds up to a single question. "Can I trust this jeweller?" If you don't feel you can trust them, walk away.
We'd be happy for you to ask any questions that you want when shopping for a ring for your partner and if you would like to ask some questions now, please contact us today to get the ball rolling.