text:
<?php

namespace mageekguy\atoum;

class autoloader
{
	const version = 1;
	const defaultFileSuffix = '.php';
	const defaultCacheFileName = '%s.atoum.cache';

	protected $version = null;
	protected $classes = array();
	protected $directories = array();
	protected $classAliases = array();
	protected $namespaceAliases = array();
	protected $cacheFileInstance = null;

	protected static $autoloader = null;

	private $cacheUsed = false;

	private static $cacheFile = null;
	private static $registeredAutoloaders = null;

	public function __construct(array $namespaces = array(), array $namespaceAliases = array(), $classAliases = array())
	{
		$this->version = static::version;

		if (sizeof($namespaces) <= 0)
		{
			$namespaces = array(__NAMESPACE__ => __DIR__);
		}

		foreach ($namespaces as $namespace => $directory)
		{
			$this->addDirectory($namespace, $directory);
		}

		foreach ($namespaceAliases ?: array('atoum' => __NAMESPACE__) as $alias => $target)
		{
			$this->addNamespaceAlias($alias, $target);
		}

		foreach ($classAliases ?: array('atoum' => __NAMESPACE__ . '\test', __NAMESPACE__ => __NAMESPACE__ . '\test') as $alias => $target)
		{
			$this->addClassAlias($alias, $target);
		}
	}

	public function register($prepend = false)
	{
		if (spl_autoload_register(array($this, 'requireClass'), true, $prepend) === false)
		{
			throw new \runtimeException('Unable to register autoloader \'' . get_class($this) . '\'');
		}

		if (static::$registeredAutoloaders === null)
		{
			static::$registeredAutoloaders = new \splObjectStorage();
		}

		static::$registeredAutoloaders->attach($this);

		return $this;
	}

	public function unregister()
	{
		if (spl_autoload_unregister(array($this, 'requireClass')) === false)
		{
			throw new \runtimeException('Unable to unregister');
		}

		static::$registeredAutoloaders->detach($this);

		return $this;
	}

	public function addDirectory($namespace, $directory, $suffix = self::defaultFileSuffix)
	{
		$namespace = strtolower(trim($namespace, '\\') . '\\');
		$directory = rtrim($directory, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;

		if ($this->directoryIsSet($namespace, $directory) === false)
		{
			$this->directories[$namespace][] = array($directory, $suffix);

			krsort($this->directories, \SORT_STRING);
		}

		return $this;
	}

	public function directoryIsSet($namespace, $directory)
	{
		if (isset($this->directories[$namespace]) === true)
		{
			foreach ($this->directories[$namespace] as $directoryData)
			{
				if ($directoryData[0] == $directory)
				{
					return true;
				}
			}
		}

		return false;
	}

	public function getDirectories()
	{
		return $this->directories;
	}

	public function getClasses()
	{
		return $this->classes;
	}

	public function setClasses(array $classes)
	{
		$this->classes = $classes;

		return $this;
	}

	public function addNamespaceAlias($alias, $target)
	{
		$this->namespaceAliases[strtolower(trim($alias, '\\')) . '\\'] = trim($target, '\\') . '\\';

		return $this;
	}

	public function getNamespaceAliases()
	{
		return $this->namespaceAliases;
	}

	public function addClassAlias($alias, $target)
	{
		$this->classAliases[strtolower(trim($alias, '\\'))] = trim($target, '\\');

		return $this;
	}

	public function getClassAliases()
	{
		return $this->classAliases;
	}

	public function getPath($class)
	{
		$this->readCache();

		$class = strtolower($class);

		$path = (isset($this->classes[$class]) === false || is_file($this->classes[$class]) === false ? null : $this->classes[$class]);

		if ($path === null && $this->handleNamespaceOfClass($class) === true)
		{
			$classes = array();

			foreach ($this->directories as $namespace => $directories)
			{
				foreach ($directories as $directoryData)
				{
					list($directory, $suffix) = $directoryData;

					$directoryLength = strlen($directory);
					$suffixLength = - strlen($suffix);

					foreach (new \recursiveIteratorIterator(new \recursiveDirectoryIterator($directory, \filesystemIterator::SKIP_DOTS|\filesystemIterator::CURRENT_AS_FILEINFO), \recursiveIteratorIterator::LEAVES_ONLY) as $file)
					{
						$filePath = $file->getPathname();

						$classes[$namespace . strtolower(str_replace('/', '\\', substr($filePath, $directoryLength, $suffixLength)))] = $filePath;
					}
				}
			}

			if ($classes != $this->classes)
			{
				$this->classes = $classes;

				$this->writeCache();

				$path = (isset($this->classes[$class]) === false ? null : $this->classes[$class]);
			}
		}

		return $path;
	}

	public function requireClass($class)
	{
		$class = strtolower($class);

		$realClass = $this->resolveNamespaceAlias($this->resolveClassAlias($class));

		if (static::exists($realClass) === false && ($path = $this->getPath($realClass)) !== null)
		{
			require $path;
		}

		if (static::exists($realClass) === true)
		{
			$alias = ($realClass !== $class ? $class : $this->getClassAlias($realClass) ?: $this->getNamespaceAlias($realClass));

			if ($alias !== null)
			{
				class_alias($realClass, $alias);
			}
		}
	}

	public function setCacheFileForInstance($cacheFile)
	{
		$this->cacheFileInstance = $cacheFile;

		return $this;
	}

	public function getCacheFileForInstance()
	{
		return ($this->cacheFileInstance ?: static::getCacheFile());
	}

	public static function set()
	{
		if (static::$autoloader === null)
		{
			static::$autoloader = new static();
			static::$autoloader->register();
		}

		return static::$autoloader;
	}

	public static function get()
	{
		return static::set();
	}

	public static function setCacheFile($cacheFile)
	{
		self::$cacheFile = $cacheFile;
	}

	public static function getCacheFile()
	{
		return (static::$cacheFile ?: rtrim(sys_get_temp_dir(), DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . sprintf(static::defaultCacheFileName, md5(__FILE__)));
	}

	public static function getRegisteredAutoloaders()
	{
		$registeredAutoloaders = array();

		foreach (static::$registeredAutoloaders as $autoloader)
		{
			$registeredAutoloaders[] = $autoloader;
		}

		return $registeredAutoloaders;
	}

	protected function resolveNamespaceAlias($class)
	{
		$class = strtolower($class);

		foreach ($this->namespaceAliases as $alias => $target)
		{
			if (strpos($class, $alias) === 0)
			{
				return $target . substr($class, strlen($alias));
			}
		}

		return $class;
	}

	protected function getNamespaceAlias($class)
	{
		$class = strtolower($class);

		foreach ($this->namespaceAliases as $alias => $target)
		{
			if (strpos($class, $target) === 0)
			{
				return $alias . substr($class, strlen($target));
			}
		}

		return null;
	}

	protected function resolveClassAlias($class)
	{
		$class = strtolower($class);

		foreach ($this->classAliases as $alias => $target)
		{
			if ($alias === $class)
			{
				return $target;
			}
		}

		return $class;
	}

	protected function getClassAlias($class)
	{
		$class = strtolower($class);

		foreach ($this->classAliases as $alias => $target)
		{
			if ($target === $class)
			{
				return $alias;
			}
		}

		return null;
	}

	protected function handleNamespaceOfClass($class)
	{
		foreach ($this->directories as $namespace => $directories)
		{
			if (strpos($class, $namespace) === 0)
			{
				return true;
			}
		}

		return false;
	}

	protected function readCache()
	{
		if ($this->cacheUsed === false)
		{
			$cacheContents = @file_get_contents($this->getCacheFileForInstance());

			if ($cacheContents !== false)
			{
				$cacheContents = @unserialize($cacheContents) ?: null;
			}

			if (is_array($cacheContents) === true && isset($cacheContents['version']) === true && $cacheContents['version'] === static::version)
			{
				$this->classes = $cacheContents['classes'];
			}

			$this->cacheUsed = true;
		}

		return $this;
	}

	protected function writeCache()
	{
		$cacheFile = $this->getCacheFileForInstance();

		if (@file_put_contents($cacheFile, serialize(array('version' => static::version, 'classes' => $this->classes))) === false)
		{
			throw new \runtimeException('Unable to write in  \'' . $cacheFile . '\'');
		}

		return $this;
	}

	protected static function exists($class)
	{
		return (class_exists($class, false) === true || interface_exists($class, false) === true);
	}
}

autoloader::set();


All students who are interested in joining kapa haka please meet in the Wharenui (Marae) at lunch time Tuesday.
The Dragon Boat team is being confirmed at morning tea today. Senior Students are to return permission slips to the sports office.


Nestled in a fertile, verdant valley tightly surrounded by incredible mountain peaks, the community of Pemberton is a hidden gem in the heart of the Coast Mountains. Located just 25 minutes north of Whistler, Pemberton (known to locals as Spud Valley) enjoys a slightly warmer and sunnier climate. Offering favourable weather and a large span of level ground, the valley is a prime agricultural zone.
Pemberton is world famous for its virus-free seed potatoes, which have been protected by law since the designation of the Pemberton Certified Seed Potato Control Area in 1949. Pemberton's farmers produce about 8,000 tonnes of potatoes each year, and distribute them to growers in Washington, Oregon, California, Alberta, New Brunswick and Manitoba.
Aside from spuds, many other crops flourish in Pemberton's soil. Several local farms sell their products from roadside stands or on-site stores, and there's no better way to get fresh, healthful food than to receive it right from the grower's own hands.
Though farmers have inhabited the Pemberton Meadows since the turn of the 20th century, the Village was only officially incorporated in 1956. With hitching posts that still stand outside several local businesses, the rustic village carries an Old West aesthetic. It seems like all of Pemberton's 2,574 residents know each other in this tight-knit, friendly community.
Majestic, 2,591-metre (8,500-foot) Mount Currie stands at the foot of the town, and its sculpted face is visible from nearly everywhere in the valley. Its rocky alpine is surely a memory you'll hold onto, and yes, it gets skied in the winter (experts only)! Make sure to bring your camera.
Outdoor recreation is the heart and soul of Pemberton. Whether it's hiking, mountain biking, or simply soaking up the sun beside a lake, a substantial number of Pemby locals came here specifically because of the terrain's many opportunities for adventure. B.C.'s rugged backcountry is just steps away in any direction, begging to be explored.
For serious hikers who want to see Mount Currie's peaks up close, the Pemberton Valley Trails Association (PVTA) constructed a trail that stretches from the valley floor all the way to the rocky alpine. Climbing the southwest side of the mountain, the trail is 8.9 kilometres (5.5 miles) long and finishes just 600 metres (1,968 feet) below Mount Currie's summit. For many hikers, a lookout point at the 6.1 km mark will serve as the trail's "summit," rewarding your efforts with breathtaking views over the Pemberton Valley from an elevation of 1,737 metres (5,700 feet). If reaching the lookout sounds too challenging, this route is still well worth exploring with great views starting about an hour from the trailhead.
Pemberton's extensive network of cross-country mountain bike trails is world-class and enjoyed by a vast number of the locals who all seem to own a bike — or two! For serious riders, the Nimby Fifty cross-country mountain bike race draws a few hundred competitors to test themselves on Pemberton's challenging trails. For cyclists of all abilities, the Slow Food Cycle combines a leisurely road ride with Pemby's farming roots. This annual event draws thousands of visitors to ride the scenic Pemberton Meadows, while stopping at farms along the way to purchase fresh produce or grab a snack made from local ingredients.
In 2013, Pemberton welcomed the addition of an outdoor skatepark, which has proven immensely popular with the local youth. Two years later, construction was completed on a competition-level BMX racing track, where Pemberton BMX hosts regular races for kids and adults from the Sea to Sky Corridor and beyond.
Numerous backcountry cabins exist in the surrounding mountains for overnight excursions, and nearby attractions like One Mile Lake and Nairn Falls offer short hikes with great scenery and easy access. The backcountry surrounding Pemberton is full of rivers and lakes, many of which offer great fishing for trout or salmon. Guided tours hosted by long-time locals are available.
The skies above Pemberton offer adventure as well. Pemberton has its own airport offering helicopter tours, skydiving and flights to Big Sky Golf Club's 19th hole, which overlooks the course from its unique location atop Mount Currie. Paragliding is also a popular activity, so it's quite common to see local fliers in the air. Enjoy spectacular views of the Pemberton Valley while flying tandem with a certified instructor.
The short drive from Whistler to Pemberton is a must-do for anyone visiting the area. For the complete Pemberton summer experience, do as the locals do: swim in a lake; eat some delicious local produce; and take to the trails! Like Whistler, most of Pemberton's residents came from elsewhere and simply couldn't leave. Come see "Spud Valley" for yourself, and you'll be sure to understand why.


Extension Wing of Agriculture Department is inviting applications for selection of farmers for distribution of Methy Eugenol, Protein Hydrolysate, Malathion and Pheromone Traps on 50% subsidy for farmers having 01 to 12 acres agricultural land (Owener/lesse/tenants) and on 33% subsidy for farmers having 12 acres and above land during 2016-17 under the project "Management of Fruit Fly with Special Reference to Non-conventional methods". The last date for submission of applications is 20th. March, 2017.


text:
Васил Стоянов Стайков, известен като Аджаларски и Дервишов, е български революционер, скопски и кумановски войвода на Вътрешната македоно-одринска революционна организация.

Биография

Васил Стоянов е роден в 1880 година в скопското село Аджалари, по което получава прякора си, и което тогава е в Османската империя (днес село Миладиновци, Република Македония). Братовчед е на войводата Трифун Аджаларски.

През 1901 година семейството му се преселва в Скопие. Влиза във ВМОРО и изпълнява редица задачи на Организацията – пренася поща, крие и набавя оръжие изпълнява терористични акции. В същата година е арестуван и излежава две години в скопския затвор Куршумли хан. След амнистия е освободен. През пролетта на 1903 година става нелегален четник и първоначално е при войводата Санде Чолака в Кумановско, по-късно през 1904 година е помощник войвода в четата на Боби Стойчев, а впоследствие от 1905 година е войвода в Черногорията и Блатията под върховенството на Даме Мартинов. Аджаларски се отличава при убийството на няколко мюсюлмански бегове, потискащи местните българи.

От края на 1904 до 1908 година четата му води 14 сражения с турския аскер и с чети на въоръжената сръбската пропаганда. В отговор на показното убийство от сръбска чета на седем българи от скопската махала Чаир, той убива 9 сърбомани от Бродец, след което сръбските чети прекратяват този тип действия. През февруари 1907 година изгаря хана при село Сопище, който служи за база на сръбските чети при преминаването им за Поречието., тогава подвойвода при него е Тодор Яковов. До Младотурската революция е районен войвода на Скопски район и действа с чета от 18 души, разделена на 4 отделения.

След Младотурската революция в 1908 година се легализира. Подкрепя Народната федеративна партия (българска секция). Убит е заедно с 80-годишния си дядо от засада пред врата на дома си от властите в Скопие в 1909 година. Погребението му в църквата "Свети Димитър" е повод за масов протест на българите от Скопско срещу властите, а убиецът му Кьор Расим е обесен на каменния мост в града. Ораторите на митинга при погребението му учителят Атанас Михайлов и адвокатът Тома Петков са осъдени на 2 години затвор, а учителят Димитър Поппандов – на три. При обезоръжителната акция на младотурците в 1910 година са арестувани баща му Стоян и брат му Панчо.

През 1918 година Иван Снегаров пише за Васил Аджаларски:

Външни Препратки
 "Две надгробни речи; След убийството на Васил Аджаларски; Подробности по убийството на войводата Васил Стоянов", публикувано във в. "Вести", брой 34, 35, 40, Цариград, 1909 година

Бележки

Дейци на ВМОРО
Български революционери от Македония
Борци срещу сръбската въоръжена пропаганда в Македония
Терористи на ВМОРО
Членове на Народната федеративна партия (българска секция)
Хора от община Белимбегово
Починали в Скопие

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: EditingChanged Textfield function not working hello If I implement below  function in my controller then EditingChanged function doesn't work
func textField(textField: UITextField, shouldChangeCharactersInRange range: NSRange, replacementString string: String) -> Bool {

        textField.text = (textField.text! as NSString).stringByReplacingCharactersInRange(range, withString: string.uppercaseString)

        return false
    }

This is the EditingChanged Function
    firstNameTxtField.addTarget(self, action: "textFieldDidChange:", forControlEvents: UIControlEvents.EditingChanged)

 func textFieldDidChange(textField: UITextField) {

       print("hello")
    }

A: I face the same problem too. I am able to solve it by using an IBAction to bind instead of UIControlEvents as you described above. Because sometimes, the later fails to respond which is weird.
@IBAction func myTextFieldEditingBegins(_ sender: Any) {
    //Do something
}

A: I think you forgot to set delegate for your text field. Set the delegate as
yourtextField.delegate = self

Now, EditingChanged will work as expected.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Рафаэ́л Са́нтос Бергама́ску, в Бразилии более известный как Рафаэл Ака́й (; 17 января 1986, Президенти-Пруденти, штат Сан-Паулу) — бразильский футболист, нападающий. Из известных команд выступал на взрослом уровне за «Парану», «Коринтианс» и «Ростов».

Биография
Рафаэл Бергамаску на молодёжном уровне выступал за команды «Мирасола», «Параны» и «Коринтианса». На взрослом уровне дебютировал в 2005 году в чемпионате штата Сан-Паулу в составе «Мирасола». В 2006—2008 годах права на футболиста принадлежали «Коринтиансу», однако за «тиман» Рафаэл сыграл только в четырёх матчах, отметившись одним забитым голом в ворота «Паулисты». В основном в этот период он выступал на правах аренды за другие команды — парагвайский «2 мая» и бразильские «Мирасол», «Сан-Жозе» (Сан-Жозе-дус-Кампус) и «Лондрину». За «Сан-Жозе» в 2007 году забил один гол в Серии A2 Лиги Паулисты. За «Лондрину» отметился семью забитыми голами в Лиге Паранаэнсе.

В первой половине 2008 года выступал в России за «Ростов», провёл четыре матча. Бразилец не сумел закрепиться в составе новой команды, и уже в июле клуб объявил об уходе Рафаэла.

В 2009—2013 годах играл за ряд команд из низших дивизионов Бразилии — «Насьонал» (Сан-Паулу), «Жувентус» из Жарагуа-ду-Сул, «Марриньос», «Колораду», «Луверденсе», «Олимпию» из штата Сан-Паулу, «Нову-Амбургу» и «Гремио Пруденти» (ныне — «Гремио Баруэри»). В последние годы карьеры (в 2014, 2019 годах) играл на любительском уровне за «Ивиньему» и «Понтапораненсе».

Примечания

Ссылки

Футболисты Бразилии
Игроки ФК «Гремио Баруэри»
Игроки ФК «Жувентус» Жарагуа-ду-Сул
Игроки ФК «Коринтианс»
Игроки ФК «Лондрина»
Игроки ФК «Луверденсе»
Игроки ФК «Марсилио Диас»
Игроки ФК «Насьонал» Сан-Паулу
Игроки ФК «Нову-Амбургу»
Игроки ФК «Олимпия» Олимпия
Игроки ФК «Парана»
Игроки ФК «Ростов»
Игроки ФК «Сан-Жозе» Сан-Жозе-дус-Кампус


text:
This article provides an outline of the recruitment and selection process for individuals wishing to join the US Marine Corps (USMC) as commissioned officers, i.e. not as enlisted personnel.
The US system for the recruitment and selection of USMC Officers is highly diverse and flexible enough to meets the needs of the diverse population that is encountered in America. Although the recruitment and selection an individual goes through varies depending on their method of entry, the underlying principles of recruiting and selecting high quality candidates to be the officers of the USMC remains constant
For background information on the US military recruitment and selection process as a whole look here. For individuals wishing to join the US military as enlisted personnel look here.
1.1 Who Does This Recruitment and Selection Process Apply To?
The recruitment and selection process described in this article applies to individuals who are interested in a career as a commissioned officer in the USMC as a:
USMC Regular (Active Duty) officer; or
USMC Reserve officer.
2.0 A General Outline of the Officer Recruitment and Selection Process
Figure 1 provides an outline of the current USMC recruitment and selection process for officer aspirants. Each stage of the officer recruitment and selection process is detailed in the following sections.
Figure 1: Outline of the USMC Officer Recruitment and Selection Process
3.0 Stage 1: General Eligibility
There are a number of eligibility criteria that must be considered before making an application to join the US Navy and these vary across the Service branches of the USMC due to the nature of the job/role an individual may wish to undertake. The general principles are outlined below.
3.1 Age Criteria
Every job/role in the USMC has a minimum and maximum age limit (Table 1). The minimum age can differ between jobs/roles and is specified within each job description. However, the earliest application is at least 18 years old (17 years old with parental consent) when an individual applies, and under 38 years old when beginning basic training (although the maximum age is typically around 27 years of age). However, keep in mind that almost all male US Citizens and Permanent Resident Aliens living in the US, who are 18-25, are required to register with the Selective Service.
Table 1: Age criteria by Service branch in the USMC
Age Criteria
Regular (Active Duty)
Service Academies
3.2 Physical Criteria
Due to the varying physical demands on service personnel in each Service branch, the physical criteria vary greatly. These differences can vary even within each branch of the Service. Generally speaking, potential service personnel should be in good physical condition, of appropriate weight and able to pass a standard physical screening prior to entry. For more specific information speak to a recruiter.
3.3 Educational Criteria
To become an officer in the USMC individuals must have received a 4-year BS or BA degree from an accredited university and have strong grades.
3.4 Nationality & Residency Criteria
Individuals who are US citizens may join the USMC as officers. However, Permanent Resident Aliens (people who have an INS I-151/I-551 'Green Card') may only join the USMC as enlisted personnel. Properly documented non-citizens may enlist, however, opportunities may be limited.
For enlistment purposes, the US includes Guam, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands and Palau.
Documents required include passport, Social Security card, birth certificate, driver's license and educational qualifications.
Individuals can join the USMC to join if they have more than two dependents under the age of 18.
3.5 Criminal Convictions Criteria
The USMC applies medical, legal and character standards to an individual's application, including traffic offense history, criminal history, citizen status and more.
Some kinds of offences and sentences can bar recruits from joining or re-joining; typically 2nd and 3rd degree misdemeanours and/or felony convictions are disqualifying. For more specific information speak to a recruiter.
The USMC also has a zero tolerance drug/alcohol policy. Early in the officer recruitment and selection process, individuals will take two urinalysis tests. Individuals will also be asked questions about prior drug and alcohol use; obviously answer honestly.
3.6 Tattoos & Piercings Criteria
These are dependent on location and nature and will usually need to be declared and shown during a medical examination or to a recruiter. During the selection process individuals should remove piercings and not wear clothing with obscene images.
4.0 Stage 2: Meet with an Officer Selection Officer
After an individual confirms that they meet the general eligibility for service with the USMC they will be able to meet with an Officer Selection Officer (OSO).
When an individual meets with an OSO, the OSO will be able help the individual fill out their application and conduct an initial screening. Individuals will need to provide their OSO with the following if they are applying as an officer candidate:
Medical records;
Birth certificate;
Social Security card;
Citizenship certificate (if applicable);
High school diploma;
Complete list of places the individual has worked;
Four character references;
List of all the places the individual has visited outside of the US;
List of all the places the individual has lived; and/or
Any information involving the police and drug use.
5.0 Stage 3: Decide on Method of Entry
An individual interested in serving as a commissioned officer in the USMC has three options as outlined in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Method of entry
5.1 Option 1: College Students
The USMC offers several scholarship programmes that can help individuals pay their way through school and allow them to enjoy a normal college life, and enabling them to focus on their studies before starting a career in the USMC. Through these programmes, an individual will enter the USMC in a leadership position as a commissioned officer. A commissioned officer is a member of the USMC who has a degree from a 4-year college or university and who has gone through officer training. Officers in the USMC have responsibilities that include anything from low-level management to the highest levels of command.
There are currently three methods for 4-year college students to join the USMC and attend college at the same time, and include:
Platoon Leaders Class;
Officer Candidate Course; and
Marine Officer Navy Reserve Officer Training Corps Programme
5.1.1 Platoon Leaders Class
The Platoon Leaders Class (PLC) is for college students (freshmen, sophomores & juniors) attending any accredited 4-year college or university. Criteria for each year of college are outlined in Table 2 below.
PLC Aviation: To qualify, an individual must be no more than 28 years old when commissioned. Individuals must pass the Navy/Marine Corps Aviation Selection Test Battery (ASTB), be medically qualified for flight training and meet minimum vision requirements.
PLC Law: Individuals must complete their bachelor's degree before attending OCS. Individuals may complete OCS after their senior year of college or during their first or second law school summer, and must pass the bar exam before reporting to The Basic School. Individuals will be paid for their time in training and will be eligible for a paid internship while they are waiting for the results of the bar exam. Individuals must achieve an LSAT score of 150 or higher. Please view PLC Law Pathway for further information.
5.1.2 Officer Candidate Course
The Officer Candidate Course (OCC) and Officer Candidate Course – Reserve (OCC-R) has been designed specifically for college students (seniors and graduates) attending any accredited 4-year college or university who have ambitions to become a USMC officer.
Individuals in this programme attend a 10-week course at Officer Candidates School (OCS) in Quantico, Virginia. Those who successfully graduate from OCS receive a commission as a USMC Officer and are immediately assigned to active service and begin attending The Basic School. Criteria are outlined in Table 2 below.
Individuals must complete 1 of the 4 following pathways (Table 2) through OCS to begin their journey to becoming a USMC officer.
Table 2: Criteria for college students
College Year
Courses to Complete Chances to Complete
Two 6-Week Courses One Freshman and One Junior Summer
One Sophomore and One Junior Summer
One 10-Week Course Junior Summer
Senior After Graduation
OCC or
OCC-R
5.1.3 Entry Requirements and Process Outline
There are a number of entry requirements that individuals must fulfil in order to eligible to apply for the college student option (PLC, OCC and OCC-R), and include:
US citizen;
Full-time student at a 2- or 4-year college or university (students in 2-year colleges can sign a letter of intent to later transfer to a 4-year college/university); and
18-28 years old (exceptions are considered on an individual basis);
For those individuals who fulfil the entry requirements there are three phases in the recruitment and selection process as outlined below, which take place at the Military Entrance Processing Station (MEPS).
5.1.4 Marine Officer Navy Reserve Officer Training Corps Programme
The Marine Officer Navy Reserve Officer Training Corps (NROTC) Programme is for individuals who choose to complete a 4-year college degree and commence a career in the USMC at the same time.
Individuals are enrolled as Marine-Option Midshipmen for the duration of the programme and the NROTC scholarship covers a number of expenses, including: tuition; books; fees, uniforms; and living expenses. As a student on the NROTC programme, individuals will complete courses that cover subjects such as naval science, ethics, management and the history of warfare.
5.1.5 Entry Requirements
There are a number of entry requirements that individuals must fulfil in order to eligible to apply for the NROTC college student option, and include:
At least 17 years old and no older than 23;
Physically qualified to meet USMC standards;
Obtain a basic SAT combined score of 1000 or an ACT composite score of 22;
Apply to one of the approved NROTC colleges and universities.
5.2 Option 2: US Naval Academy
The US Naval Academy prepares young men and women to become USMC officers. US Naval Academy students are midshipmen who train to be commissioned Officers on Active Duty in the USMC while they are still in school. Tuition, housing, and medical and dental care are paid for by the US Navy.
Training begins with Plebe Summer, 7-weeks of physical training, naval education, and moral and ethical development. The curriculum offers courses within 22 majors in addition to military training. Students attend the Academy for 4-years, graduate with Bachelor of Science (BSc) degrees and receive a commission as a Second Lieutenant in the USMC. At this point individuals will attend The Basic School in Quantico, VA.
There are a number of steps for admission to the US Naval Academy which prospective students should be aware of and also some basic eligibility requirements:
Good moral character;
Receive a nomination from a member of Congress, the President of the United States or the Vice President;
At least 17 and not past 23rd birthday on 01 July of the year the individual would enter the academy;
Unmarried;
Not pregnant; and
No dependents.
Each year approximately 12,000 people apply to the US Naval Academy with only 1,400 offered appointments.
Prospective students are advised to view the academy's website.
5.2.1 US Naval Academy Preparatory School
The Naval Academy Preparatory School (NAPS) is located on Naval Station Newport in historic Newport, Rhode Island. The mission of NAPS is to enhance midshipman candidates' moral, mental, and physical foundations to prepare them for success at the US Naval Academy. The 10-month course of instruction at NAPS, lasting from August through May, emphasises preparation in English Composition, Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics, and Information Technology.
Demanding military, physical and character development programs complement the academic preparation to fully prepare students for the challenges of life at a service academy. As part of the physical development programme, NAPS offers a varsity athletic programme that competes against other preparatory schools, junior colleges and college junior varsity teams.
5.2.2 Senior Military Colleges
Like the academies, the Senior Military Colleges (SMCs) offer a combination of higher education with military instruction (i.e. ROTC). SMCs are specifically recognised under US Law 10 USC 2111a(f) and US regulations. In addition to SMCs, ROTC programmes are also delivered at local colleges and Junior Military Colleges (JMC). SMCs include:
Texas A&M University;
Norwich University;
The Virginia Military Institute;
The Citadel, Charleston, Carolina;
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech);
University of North Georgia; and
The Mary Baldwin Women's Institute for Leadership.
SMCs are among the most prestigious and famous education institutions in the world and they offer financial aid packages for eligible students. Every cadet must participate in the Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) programme, but only those cadets who receive an ROTC scholarship are required to enter military service following graduation. For example, about half of Virginia Military Institute's cadets earn commissions as Second Lieutenants (US Army, US Marine Corps and US Air Force) or as Ensigns (US Navy).
5.2.3 Junior Military Colleges
A Junior Military College (JMC) enables individuals to become commissioned officers in the US Army through the Early Commissioning Programme (ECP), and is completed in two years instead of the usual four. However, individuals must still go on to complete a bachelor's degree before serving as regular officers on Active Duty.
The ECP began in 1966 and is a major component in the officer recruitment and training pipelines. ECP is a major financial incentive for individuals who receive their commissions early and serve as officers while still attending college and gaining service time for promotions and retirement. The JMCs are:
Wentworth Military Academy (Lexington, Missouri): Wentworth Military Academy and College, founded in 1880, is a JMC and private 4-year college preparatory high school and is the oldest military academy west of the Mississippi River. The campus is on the National Register of Historic Places.
Valley Forge Military Academy (Wayne, Pennsylvania): founded in 1928, it is a boarding school for young men, grades seven through twelve, and additionally offers a coeducational 2-year junior college programme.
Marion Military Institute (Marion, Alabama): is the state military college of Alabama; it was founded in 1842 as Howard English and Classical School by the Alabama Baptist Convention. In 1887, when Howard College's operations (now Samford University) were moved to Birmingham, local leaders and school faculty reorganised the school as Marion Military Institute.
New Mexico Military Institute (Roswell, New Mexico): Founded in 1891 by Colonel Robert S. Goss as the Goss Military Institute and inspired by Virginia Military Institute, NMMI includes a 4-year high school and a 2-year junior college.
Georgia Military College (Milledgeville, Georgia): founded in 1879, it includes a liberal arts junior college, a high school, and a middle school.
5.3 Option 3: Enlisted to Officer
The USMC currently provides four programmes for aspirational enlisted Marines who wish to become commissioned officers, and include:
Enlisted Commissioning Programme;
Marine Corps Enlisted Commissioning Educational Programme;
Reserve Enlisted Commissioning Programme; and
Meritorious Commissioning Programme Reserve
5.3.1 Enlisted Commissioning Programme
The Enlisted Commissioning Programme (ECP) enables qualified enlisted Marines in the Regular USMC and the USMC Active Reserve (AR) Programme to apply for Officer Candidate School and subsequent appointment as a commissioned officer in the rank of Second Lieutenant.
The ECP is for enlisted Marines who have earned a 4-year degree from a regionally or nationally accredited college or university before joining the USMC or during Active Duty. Reserve Officer opportunities are available through the Reserve ECP (discussed below).
Qualified enlisted Marines need to meet a number of eligibility requirements, which include:
Minimum one year active Marine Corps service and at least one year remaining on current enlistment or extension on date of application;
Must have a 4-year baccalaureate degree;
Be of officer calibre;
Be of good moral character and integrity;
Not previously failed any officer programmes;
Minimum AFQT of 74;
Minimum SAT of 1000 (math and critical reading only);
Minimum ACT composite score of 22;
At least 21 years of age but less than 30; and
AR Marines must be approved for augmentation into the regular Marine Corps.
5.3.2 Marine Corps Enlisted Commissioning Educational Programme
The Marine Corps Enlisted Commissioning Educational Programme (MECEP) is one of the most common methods for enlisted Marines to use to transition from enlisted to officer status.
MECEP offers qualified Marines the chance to go to a 4-year college full-time, while maintaining Active Duty status and pay, and is open to all Active Duty Marines and Marines in the AR programme who meet the eligibility requirements.
Selection is based on an individual's potential for commissioned service as demonstrated by their service record, previous academic record, and evidence of career and academic self-improvement. MECEP is for exceptional Marines who have not yet completed their bachelor's degree.
Selected Marines will attend the 10-week OCS training programme and upon successful completion will attend a college/university offering an NROTC programme. Once the individual has completed their degree, they will be commissioned as Second Lieutenants in the USMC.
US citizen or naturalised;
Rank of Corporal or above;
At least 21 years of age but less than 30 years of age at time of commissioning;
1000 SAT score (math and critical writing only);
22 ACT composite score;
74 AFQT combined score;
12 minimum college credits with the following breakdown: 3 math or science; 3 English and 6 any elective;
College Level Examination Program (CLEP) and Sailor/Marine American Council on Education Registry Transcript (SMART) credits and credits earned in high school do not count towards this requirement;
Minimum 225 PFT/270 CFT score;
Minimum three years active service;
No previous failure of any officer programme;
AR Marines must be approved for augmentation into the Regular USMC; and
Requirements are not waiverable except for ages up to 35.
5.3.3 Reserve Enlisted Commissioning Programme
The Reserve Enlisted Commissioning Programme (RECP) enables qualified enlisted Marines in the Selected Marine Corps Reserve (SMCR) Programme to apply for Officer Candidate School and subsequent appointment as a commissioned officer in the rank of Second Lieutenant in the USMC Reserve.
Enrolled in the Selected Marine Corps Reserve Program (SMCR) with a four-year baccalaureate degree;
Be of good moral character & integrity;
Minimum AFQT of 74 or Minimum SAT of 1000;
At least 21 years of age but less than 30;
Qualified to fill an SMCR Officer billet as announced by CMC (Reserve Affairs);
Rank of Corporal or above; and
36 months continuous service in SMCR, or served on AD three or more years, and be currently serving in a drilling unit of the SMCR not on active duty.
5.3.4 Meritorious Commissioning Programme Reserve
The Meritorious Commissioning Programme Reserve (MCP-R) allows commanding officers to nominate qualified enlisted Marines in the Corps and in the Marine Corps AR Programme, who have demonstrated exceptional leadership potential, for Officer Candidate School and subsequent appointment as a commissioned officer in the rank of Second Lieutenant in the USMC Reserve.
SMCR with an Associate level degree or 75 credit hours of actual college work;
Minimum AFQT of 74 or Min SAT of 1000;
Must have completed 12 months of reserve service in the Selected Reserve; and
At least 12 months remaining on current reserve enlistment or extension on date of application.
5.4 Direct Commission Officers
The USMC does not offer the Direct Commission Officers (DCOs) route, known as Professionally Qualified Officers in the UK, to individuals who wish to serve as officers in the USMC.
The services typically undertaken by DCOs, for example chaplains, are provided by the US Navy.
6.0 Initial Officer Training and Service Commitment
6.1 Initial Officer Training
With the exception of students attending the US Naval Academy, all aspirant USMC officers must attend officer training at the Officer Candidates School (OCS) located in Quantico, VA. Training at OCS lasts for 10-weeks.
Once students have successfully graduated from OCS, all newly commissioned USMC officers (including US Naval Academy stream officers) will attend The Basic School on a 6-month programme.
6.2 Service Commitment
Once an individual has been commissioned as an officer they will typically be obliged to serve an initial service commitment of three to five years (positions involving longer-term training may involve longer service obligations).
Listed are some links which the reader may find useful:
US Joint Chiefs of Staff: http://www.jcs.mil/Home.aspx
US Department of Defence Careers Website: https://dod.usajobs.gov/
US Marine Corps, Becoming a Marine: https://www.marines.com/becoming-a-marine
US Marine Corps Recruiting Command: http://www.mcrc.marines.mil
US Marine Corps, Officer Candidates School: https://www.trngcmd.usmc.mil/OCS/default.aspx
US Marine Corps, The Basic School: http://www.trngcmd.marines.mil/Units/Northeast/TheBasicSchool.aspx
US Navy: http://www.navy.com/joining
US Naval Academy: http://www.usna.edu/homepage.php
US Naval Academy Preparatory School (US NAPS): http://www.usna.edu/NAPS/
US Navy Reserve Officer Training Corps (NROTC): http://www.nrotc.navy.mil
Defence Manpower Data Centre (DMDC): https://www.dmdc.osd.mil/appj/dwp/index.jsp
Careers in the US Military: http://www.careersinthemilitary.com
Website about joining the US Military: http://todaysmilitary.com/
Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) Programme Official Site: http://asvabprogram.com/ or http://official-asvab.com/
United States Military Entrance Processing Command Official Site: http://www.mepcom.army.mil/
Selective Service System: http://www.sss.gov/default.htm
Defence Reviews: http://www.defense.gov/defensereviews/
US Immigration and Nationalisation Service (INS) Official Site: http://www.uscis.gov
General Education Development (GED) Certificate Programme: http://www.gedtestingservice.com/ged-testing-service
Two UK-orientated pieces that may be of interest:
A very thorough document 'Informed Choice? Armed Forces Recruitment Practice in the United Kingdom' written by David Gee in 2007 and available from: http://www.informedchoice.org.uk/informedchoice/informedchoiceweb.pdf.
http://www.beforeyousignup.info/
2 thoughts on "US Marine Corps Officer Recruitment & Selection Overview"
Josh Hahm says:
I have graduated about a year ago (last December) and am waiting for naturalization to be completed (i did biometrics and just waiting for an interview + ceremony).
I am preparing for PFT, but my GPA sucks……… like i barely passed the classes from state university (science degree).
Is there any way that I can increase my chance to be selected OCC/OCS?
(other than physical training as well as mental preparation, should I be doing any other things?)
I search the webs and i'm so discouraged when i see resumes like 3.78 GPA with Football captain with 278 PFT got rejected.
I have never been in trouble, and i'm what teachers/professors would call a polite sweet nice kid.
I don't have any tattoo or piercings, and i've never done any drugs (steroids and weeds/LSD/cocaine/methamphetamine).
I'll be 28 next year (though my birthday is later in year), so I'd like to apply and be selected for OCS as soon as possible.
One more thing is that I have abour 1430 SAT scores (out of 1600 for Math and reading portion).
I do not have to take ASVAB do I? and If so, is that taken before applying to OCS?
Andrew Marshall says:
That's a lot of questions. My advice would be to visit your local Recruitment Centre and speak to an Officer Selection Officer who will be able to provide you with tailored and up to date advice specific to your circumstances.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Drawn to Greatness: Master Drawings from the Thaw Collection at The Morgan Library & Museum, through January 7, 2018
"The Thaw Collection is considered among the foremost private collections of drawings assembled over the last half century. It was first promised to the Morgan in 1975 by Eugene V. Thaw, now a Life Trustee, and the museum received the full collection of 424 works in early 2017. In honor of this extraordinary gift—one of the most important in the history of the museum—the Morgan presents Drawn to Greatness: Master Drawings from the Thaw Collection.
The exhibition includes more than 150 masterworks from the Renaissance to the twentieth century. A partial list of artists represented includes Mantegna, Rubens, Rembrandt, Canaletto, Watteau, Piranesi, Fragonard, Goya, Turner, Ingres, Daumier, Degas, Cézanne, Redon, Gauguin, van Gogh, Matisse, Picasso, and Pollock." — Morgan Library
"It is difficult to summarize in a few words what the acquisition of the Thaw Collection means to the Morgan but 'transformative' may be the best single way to describe it," said Director Colin B. Bailey. "The great range of artists, schools, and regions represented is remarkable. Moreover, the quality of the individual drawings reflects Gene Thaw's exceptional critical eye—and his keen intellectual curiosity. Over the years Gene's passionate commitment to the Morgan has never wavered and we can think of no better way to honor him and his late wife, Clare, than to present this exhibition of some of the greatest works from their collection."
Andrea Mantegna (1431–1506), Three Standing Saints, ca. 1450-1455, pen and brown ink on paper toned with red chalk, Thaw Collection, The Morgan Library & Museum, 1985.100. Photography by Steven H. Crossot, 2014.
Vittore Carpaccio (1455? – 1525?), Virgin and Child with Saints in a Landscape, ca. 1500–1510, pen and brown ink and wash over red and black chalk, Thaw Collection, The Morgan Library & Museum, 2006.46. Photography by Steven H. Crossot.
Jan Bruegel (1568 – 1625), A View of the Tiber in Rome with the Ponte Sisto and Saint Peter's in the Distance, ca. 1594, pen and brown ink and wash and blue watercolor over black chalk, Thaw Collection, The Morgan Library & Museum, 2017.20. Photography by Steven H. Crossot.
Rembrandt van Rijn (1606–1669), Four Musicians with Wind Instruments, ca. 1638, pen and brown and black ink and brown wash, and red and yellow chalk, Thaw Collection, The Morgan Library & Museum, 2004.42. Photography by Steven H. Crossot, 2014.
Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (1727–1804), Scene of Contemporary Life: The Picture Show, 1791, pen and brown and black ink and wash over black chalk, Thaw Collection, The Morgan Library & Museum, 2017.253. Photography by Steven H. Crossot, 2014.
Antoine Watteau (1684–1721), Young Woman Wearing a Chemise, ca. 1718, black, red, and white chalk, Thaw Collection, The Morgan Library & Museum, 2000.53. Photography by Steven H. Crossot, 2014.
Jean-Honoré Fragonard (1732–1806), The Little Park, ca. 1765, paque watercolor over graphite, Thaw Collection, The Morgan Library & Museum, 1997.85. Photography by Steven H. Crossot, 2014.
J. M. W. Turner (1775–1851), The Pass of St. Gotthard, near Faido, 1843, watercolor over graphite, Thaw Collection, The Morgan Library & Museum, 2006.52. Photography by Steven H. Crossot, 2014.
Francisco de Goya (1746–1828), Leave it all to Providence (Dejalo todo a la probidencia), 1816-20, black ink and gray wash, Thaw Collection, The Morgan Library & Museum, 1999.22. Photography by Steven H. Crossot, 2014.
Eugène Delacroix (1798–1863), Moroccans Outside the Walls of Tangier, 19th century, watercolor and opaque white watercolor over graphite on wove paper, Thaw Collection, The Morgan Library & Museum, 2017.65. Photography by Steven H. Crossot, 2014.
Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas (1834 – 1917), Seated Dancer, 1871-72, oil paint over graphite on pink paper, Thaw Collection, The Morgan Library & Museum, 2017.54. Photography by Steven H. Crossot, 2014.
Paul Cézanne (1839 – 1906), The Bathers, ca. 1900, watercolor over graphite, Thaw Collection, The Morgan Library & Museum, 2017.29. Photography by Steven H. Crossot, 2014.
Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890), Letter to Paul Gauguin, 17 October 1888, with a sketch of Bedroom at Arles, pen and brown ink on graph paper, Thaw Collection, The Morgan Library & Museum, MA 6447. Given in honor of Charles E. Pierce, Jr., 2007. Photography by Graham S. Haber, 2016.
Paul Gauguin (1848–1903), Crouching Tahitian Woman Seen from the Back, ca. 1902, monotype in watercolor with opaque white watercolor, Thaw Collection, The Morgan Library & Museum, 2017.90. Photography by Graham S. Haber, 2011.
Jackson Pollock (1912–1956), Untitled [Drawing for P.G.], ca. 1943, pen and black ink and wash, green ink wash, red colored pencil, and orange watercolor pencil © 2017 The Pollock-Krasner Foundation / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
Drawn to Greatness is organized by the Morgan Library & Museum, New York. The curator of the exhibition is Jennifer Tonkovich, Eugene and Clare Thaw Curator of Drawing and Prints.
Images courtesy The Morgan Library.
Andrea Mantegna, Antoine Watteau, Clare E. Thaw, Colin B. Bailey, Drawn to Greatness: Master Drawings from the Thaw Collection, Eugène Delacroix, Eugene V. Thaw, Francisco de Goya, Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo, Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas, Jackson Pollock, Jean Honoré Fragonard, Jennifer Tonkovich, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Rembrandt van Rijn, The Morgan Library & Museum, Vincent van Gogh, Vittore Carpaccio


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The InfraCanada - Niagara Falls Presentation agenda is now complete and can be downloaded below!
InfraCanada 2018 registration is free. Please note, space is limited and only folks who register in advance are guaranteed a spot at the conference.


?�Ronald A. Lambert, 44, of 501 Sharon Road, Beaver, around 2:30 a.m. Saturday on Tuscarawas Road in Brighton Township. Township police reported a blood-alcohol level of 0.251 percent.
?�Joseph Carosa, 75, of 624 Ohio Ave., Midland, around 2:30 a.m. June 13 on Ohio Avenue in the borough. Midland police reported a blood-alcohol level of 0.201 percent.
? Sharon Duda, 56, of 2334 Fairhill Road, Sewickley, around 12:30 a.m. May 11 in the 300 block of Beaver Street in Sewickley. Borough police did not report a blood-alcohol level.
? Tashera Weingart, 20, of 42 Midcrest Homes, Midland, at 7 p.m. April 8 in the 500 block of Beaver Avenue in Midland. Borough police reported Weingart was driving under the influence of marijuana. Weingart was also charged with leaving the scene of an accident.


The first lady made her final appearance on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon.
During her final appearance as the first lady on The Tonight Show on Wednesday, Michelle Obama wrote some thank-you notes, including one to her husband, President Barack Obama.
"Thank you, Barack, for proving you're not a lame duck, but my very own silver fox," she wrote, sealing the note with a kiss.
"I'm angling for a good gift," she told host Jimmy Fallon.
Fallon wrote all his thank-you notes to Michelle Obama, including one that thanked her "for giving a whole new meaning to the phrase 'the right to bear arms.'"
"You are welcome," Obama replied.
But the thank-you note that drew the most cheers from the audience was when Fallon thanked her "for always promoting physical fitness" and asked her, "Since you like exercise so much, how about running for president?"
The first lady also surprised some of her supporters who were recording emotional goodbye messages to her, bringing most of them to tears.
She explained the mysterious absence of Sasha at the president's farewell speech. "You know the Obamas. 'Girl, sorry. You better take your test... You can say goodbye later,'" she said.
Obama said she was emotional at her final event at the White House last week because she was "talking about kids."
Other highlights of the show included Obama playing a game with comedians Jerry Seinfeld and Dave Chappelle after which Stevie Wonder serenaded her with "Isn't She Lovely."


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What makes us boys
An intimate portrait of two young boys growing up together, this documentary explores the world through their eyes. What Makes Us Boys is a story about childhood and, most importantly, brotherhood.
The new documentary of Eva Küpper starring the blind motorcyclist Ben Felten in a spine-tingling adventure trying to break a world blind landspeed record. Salty lakes, shiny bikes, and lots of dust ! Love it, wait until you see it!
Petit Samedi
Paloma Sermon Daï tells the story of her brother and mother, an indestructible duo. She tackles the issue of addiction, a terrible and vastly underfunded affliction, through the prism of this love story between a mother and her son.
Annapolis, Giant City is a documentary about the direct relation between architecture & urban design, and the people living in it.
On the road zonder Jack
Roadtripping zonder Jack through the belly of the States from Miami to Seattle in an eighties Chevrolet!
Er was eens
Er was eens / Once upon a Time is an impressive six-episode documentary series about the Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences (RBINS) and a sneak peak of the scientists who work there.
Bruegel - The Lost Season
It was an honour to create a contemporary photographic painting of Bruegel's lost season. The installation is exhibited in Bokrijk, and here's an exclusive look behind the scenes.
Documentary series where we meet 6 populations in transition via the microcosm of the local barber shop. Gradually, Barber Shop measures the state of our world, offering dialogue and human resilience as a hopeful perspective for the future.
Boum Belge
Pilot for a documentary series about the Belgian dance-scene from the 80's. Naked kings, elastic people and rhythmic beats. Unfortunately the series wasn't produced after all, but it was really fun to work on.
Steenweg
Five directors zoom in on one of the many paved roads in our country. Steenweg shows you the teeming activity behind the curtains of our country's most famous arterial roads.
Reach for the sky
If amazing and mental would be judged on a scale of 10, this very intriguing documentary would probably reach 12. Go check it out!
Les barons Empain
A historical documentary about the 6 Empain barons, who's empire lasted for more than a century. It's an intriguing and beautiful illustrated documentary produced by To Do Today.
Lichtpunt
We developed the concept, branding, art direction and motion design for Lichtpunt title credits. It's a mix of digital and analog techniques, followed by endless experiments using different inks, water and paper textures. It was a messy process but the result looks pretty neat!
The devil and the deep
A poacher, a dead son, and a broken love story are all bound together by a single theme: the curse of the abalone Liefde redt mij... A beautiful documentary about the life of south african pearl poachers.
31 haltes
A beautiful and sensitive documentary about subway-life in Brussels .
Happy travels through a unique country squeezed between the pacific ocean and the carribian sea.


This page contains the forms available online for Act 32 and Local Services Taxes.
You mail the form to the address listed on the form.
FOR EARNED INCOME TAX (EIT) THE PSD CODE FOR FINDLAY IS 731801. CLICK HERE TO DETERMINE YOUR PSD CODE.


text:
Montaigne Visiting Torquato Tasso in Prison is an 1820 painting by François Marius Granet, now in the Musée Fabre in Montpellier. It shows Montaigne visiting Torquato Tasso.

It was displayed at the Musée des beaux-arts de Lyon in its 2014 exhibition L'invention du Passé. Histoires de cœur et d'épée 1802-1850.

1820 paintings
Paintings in the collection of the Musée Fabre
History paintings
Cultural depictions of Michel de Montaigne
Torquato Tasso


text:
L'algèbre (de l'arabe الجبر, al-jabr) est une branche des mathématiques qui permet d'exprimer les propriétés des opérations et le traitement des équations et aboutit à l'étude des structures algébriques. Selon l'époque et le niveau d'études considérés, elle peut être décrite comme :
 une arithmétique généralisée, étendant à différents objets ou grandeurs les opérations usuelles sur les nombres ;
 la théorie des équations et des polynômes ;
 depuis le début du , l'étude des structures algébriques (on parle d'algèbre générale ou abstraite).

Le domaine d'application de l'algèbre s'étend des problèmes arithmétiques, qui traitent de nombres, à ceux d'origine géométrique tels que la géométrie analytique de Descartes ou les nombres complexes. L'algèbre occupe ainsi une place charnière entre l'arithmétique et la géométrie permettant d'étendre et d'unifier le domaine numérique.

Étymologie
Le mot « algèbre » est dérivé du titre d'un ouvrage rédigé vers 825, Kitāb al-mukhtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa-l-muqābala (« Abrégé du calcul par la restauration et la comparaison »), du mathématicien d'origine persane Al-Khwarizmi. Ce livre avait des objectifs pratiques : le calcul d'héritage, l'arpentage, les échanges commerciaux, etc., et s'inscrivait dans l'époque d'essor des sciences et techniques islamiques.

Le mot arabe al-jabr () signifie « réduction d'une fracture », « réunion (des morceaux) », « reconstruction », « connexion », « restauration », reboutement. Dans le contexte mathématique, il désigne la transformation d'une équation par ajout d'un terme. En langage actuel, par exemple, on peut transformer , en ajoutant la quantité b aux deux membres de l'équation pour n'avoir que des termes positifs : .

Il est à l'origine du mot latin algebra qui a donné « algèbre » en français. En espagnol, le mot algebrista désigne aussi bien celui qui pratique le calcul algébrique que le rebouteux (celui qui sait réduire les fractures).

Histoire

Antiquité
Dès l'Antiquité égyptienne ou babylonienne, les scribes disposaient de procédures pour trouver une quantité inconnue soumise à certaines conditions. Ainsi, les anciens Babyloniens et Égyptiens savaient déjà résoudre des problèmes qui peuvent être traduits en équations du premier ou second degré. Les Babyloniens utilisaient également la technique des algorithmes, et cela bien avant Euclide.

Par exemple, le papyrus Rhind (conservé au British Museum de Londres, il date de 1650 av. J.-C.) comporte l'énoncé suivant :

Dans un autre exemple, un problème babylonien demande le côté d'un carré tel qu'on  en soustrayant ce côté de l'aire du carré. Traduit en termes algébriques cela revient à résoudre l'équation du second degré suivante : , où « x » désigne le côté cherché.

Au  de l'ère chrétienne, Diophante d'Alexandrie pratique une forme d'algèbre pré-symbolique, en introduisant une inconnue sur laquelle il opère des calculs.

La mathématique grecque appelait « analyse » la méthode qui consiste à nommer une inconnue et à la manipuler afin de remonter à partir des conditions imposées par l'exercice jusqu'à l'identification des propriétés de l'inconnue qui alors peut être déterminée et devient connue.

Monde arabo-musulman

Dans le livre Kitāb al-mukhtaṣar fī ḥisāb al-jabr wa-l-muqābala (« Abrégé du calcul par la restauration et la comparaison ») du mathématicien Al-Khwarizmi, écrit à Bagdad, sous le règne d'Al-Ma'mūn (813-833), une large proportion des méthodes utilisées sont issues de résultats élémentaires de géométrie. Pour cette raison, on classe souvent ces premiers résultats dans la branche de l'algèbre géométrique.

L'innovation majeure fut l'introduction du concept d'« équation ». Il s'agissait d'une égalité entre deux expressions mathématiques comportant dans leurs termes des nombres connus et une quantité inconnue. Une telle égalité était la traduction en langage mathématique des conditions imposées par le problème pour découvrir l'inconnue. Par exemple : , problème que nous traduirons en algèbre contemporaine (il s'agit plus précisément d'une « transcription » et non d'une traduction, car la notation en exposants numériques ne commence qu'avec Descartes) sous la forme : , en notant « x » la racine inconnue du carré. Des symboles spéciaux sont créés pour désigner carré, cube, racine carrée, racine cubique : la notion d'exposant numérique, même simplement entier, n'émerge pas encore.

La légende attribue parfois à Léonard de Pise dit Fibonacci l'importation des chiffres dits arabes qu'il aurait découverts lors d'un voyage en Afrique. C'est oublier que Gerbert d'Aurillac, qui les avait étudiés à Cordoue, avait entrepris de les imposer à la chrétienté une fois devenu pape de l'an Mil sous le nom de Sylvestre II. C'est cependant le livre de Fibonacci Liber abaci , qui définira la fameuse suite de Fibonacci et contribuera à populariser l'usage des chiffres arabes et du système décimal en Europe.

en Europe

Le pape Gerbert d'Aurillac avait ramené d'Espagne vers l'an 1000 le zéro, invention indienne que les mathématiciens Al-Khwarizmi et Abu Kamil avaient eux-mêmes fait connaître dans tout l'Empire, et aussi à Cordoue.

Cette numération de position complète bien le calcul algébrique, d'abord au moyen des algorithmes (terme dérivant de « Al-Khwarizmi », mais procédé déjà utilisé dans l'algorithme d'Euclide), qui remplacent peu à peu l'usage de l'abaque. Les mathématiciens italiens du  (del Ferro, Tartaglia et Cardan) résolvent l'équation du  (ou équation cubique). Ferrari, élève de Cardan, résout l'équation du  (ou équation quartique), et la méthode est perfectionnée par Bombelli. À la fin du siècle, le Français Viète découvre que les fonctions symétriques des racines sont liées aux coefficients de l'équation polynomiale.

Jusqu'au , l'algèbre peut être globalement caractérisée comme la suite ou le début des équations et comme une extension de l'arithmétique ; elle consiste principalement en l'étude de la résolution des équations algébriques, et la codification progressive des opérations symboliques permettant cette résolution. François Viète (1540-1603), , innove en notant les inconnues et les indéterminées à l'aide de lettres.

Alors que chez Viète les puissances étaient notées avec des mots latins, René Descartes les note sous forme d'exposants et c'est cette écriture qui s'impose. À peu de chose près nous avons conservé les notations littérales de Descartes qui constituent un véritable symbolisme algébrique. Le terme « algèbre » devient alors synonyme de « calcul littéral ». René Descartes et Pierre de Fermat introduisent également ce que l'on appelle toujours dans les collèges et les lycées la « géométrie analytique », autrement dit la géométrie des coordonnées : les courbes et les surfaces sont représentées par des équations que l'on manipule au moyen de l'algèbre.

Les mathématiciens commencent, aussi à cette époque, progressivement à utiliser des nombres « imaginaires » pour calculer les racines de leurs équations, parfois même quand ces dernières sont bien réelles.

en Europe
Une étape décisive fut franchie avec l'écriture des exposants fractionnaires, puis rapidement réels et imaginaires. Ceux-ci permettront à Euler d'énoncer sa célèbre formule  liant cinq nombres remarquables. Par ces exposants imaginaires s'opère la jonction sans couture du monde algébrique et du monde trigonométrique.

Prendre en compte les solutions des équations qui sont des nombres complexes amène d'Alembert à énoncer (en 1746) et Gauss à démontrer (en 1799) le théorème fondamental de l'algèbre :

Sous sa forme moderne, le théorème s'énonce :

Le  s'intéresse désormais à la calculabilité des racines, et en particulier à la possibilité de les exprimer par des formules générales à base de radicaux. Les échecs concernant les équations de degré 5 amènent le mathématicien Abel (après Vandermonde, Lagrange et Gauss) à approfondir les transformations sur l'ensemble des racines d'une équation. Évariste Galois (1811 - 1832), dans un mémoire fulgurant, étudie le groupe des permutations des racines d'une équation polynomiale et aboutit à l'impossibilité de la résolution par radicaux pour les équations de degré supérieur ou égal à 5.

Dès lors, on s'est mis à calculer sur des objets qui ne sont plus forcément des nombres. L'algèbre moderne entame un parcours fécond : Boole crée l'algèbre qui porte son nom, Hamilton invente les quaternions, et les mathématiciens anglais Cayley, Hamilton et Sylvester étudient les structures de matrices. L'algèbre linéaire, longtemps restreinte à la résolution de systèmes d'équations linéaires à 2 ou 3 inconnues, prend son essor avec le théorème de Cayley-Hamilton (« Toute matrice carrée à coefficients dans  ou  annule son polynôme caractéristique »). S'ensuivent les transformations par changement de base, la diagonalisation et la trigonalisation des matrices, et les méthodes de calcul qui nourriront, au , la programmation des ordinateurs.
Dedekind définit les idéaux (déjà présents plus qu'en germe dans la notion de nombre complexe idéal introduite par Kummer), qui permettront de généraliser et de reformuler les grands théorèmes d'arithmétique. L'algèbre linéaire se généralise en algèbre multilinéaire et algèbre tensorielle.

: algèbre moderne

Au début du , sous l'impulsion de l'Allemand Hilbert et du Français Poincaré, les mathématiciens s'interrogent sur les fondements des mathématiques : logique et axiomatisation occupent le devant de la scène. Peano axiomatise l'arithmétique, puis les espaces vectoriels. La structure d'espace vectoriel et la structure d'algèbre sont approfondies par Artin en 1925, avec des corps de base autres que  ou  et des opérateurs toujours plus abstraits. On doit aussi à Artin, considéré comme le père de l'algèbre contemporaine, des résultats fondamentaux sur les corps de nombres algébriques. Les corps non commutatifs amènent à définir la structure de module sur un anneau et la généralisation des résultats classiques sur les espaces vectoriels.

L'école française « Nicolas Bourbaki », emmenée par Weil, Cartan et Dieudonné, entreprend de réécrire l'ensemble des connaissances mathématiques sur une base axiomatique : ce travail gigantesque commence par la théorie des ensembles et l'algèbre dans le milieu du siècle, et confirme l'algèbre comme langage universel des mathématiques. Paradoxalement, alors que le nombre de publications suit une croissance exponentielle à travers le monde, alors qu'aucun mathématicien ne peut prétendre dominer qu'une toute petite partie des connaissances, les mathématiques n'ont jamais autant paru unifiées qu'aujourd'hui.

L'étude de ces structures peut être faite de manière unifiée dans le cadre de l'algèbre universelle.

Épistémologie

L'étude épistémologique de l'algèbre a été introduite par Jules Vuillemin.

Histoire des notations européennes modernes

 Les symboles + et - apparaissent en 1489 dans l'ouvrage Arithmétique de Johannes Widmann (Leipzig) ;
 Le signe = apparaît en 1557 chez Robert Recorde  ;
 Les signes < et > apparaissent en 1610 chez Thomas Harriot (1560-1621) ;
 William Oughtred (1574-1660) introduit le signe de la multiplication × dans son Clavis Mathematica (1631). Il introduit aussi les termes de sinus, cosinus et tangente ;
 Le symbole  pour représenter l'inconnue d'une équation est utilisé pour la première fois par Descartes ;
 Les exposants numériques apparaissent également avec Descartes. On utilisait auparavant des signes spéciaux pour les carrés et les cubes ainsi que les racines carrées ou cubiques ;
 Le signe de la division / est utilisé par Johann Heinrich Rahn en 1659 et introduit en Angleterre par John Pell en 1668.

Domaines connexes

Par extension, on attribue aussi le qualificatif d'« algébrique » à d'autres parties des mathématiques dont les objets ou les méthodes relèvent de l'algèbre.
 La géométrie algébrique est la partie de la géométrie qui étudie des courbes ou des variétés algébriques, c'est-à-dire des courbes ou des variétés définies par des équations polynomiales, avec des techniques elles-mêmes souvent issues de l'algèbre.
 La topologie algébrique applique les outils de l'algèbre à l'étude des espaces topologiques, en cherchant à associer de manière naturelle des invariants algébriques aux structures topologiques associées.
 L'analyse algébrique est une branche des mathématiques fondée sur les idées d'Alexandre Grothendieck, puis développée par Mikio Satō, qui utilise notamment les préfaisceaux et l'analyse complexe pour étudier les propriétés des hyperfonctions.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Article connexe
 Chronologie de l'algèbre

Bibliographie

 Jules Vuillemin, La philosophie de l'algèbre, PUF,  éd. 1962,  éd. 1993,
 Adolf P. Youschkevitch, Les Mathématiques Arabes, s, Vrin, 1976

Liens externes

 Mazths-et-tiques : Histoire de l'algèbre
 Les mathématiques.net : références et cours en ligne


Is it time to make more living space in your home? In the 50's and 60's it was common to have a single living room or family room for a 2 or 3 bedroom home. With changes in our lifestyles having just one room where the family can gather or for piano's, TV or a library just does not work anymore!
The solution? Add family or rec room! A family or rec room can be used a a media center with a large TV and theater style seating or a pool table and a sectional couch. The room can also be set up with a piano, maybe even a grand! and shelves for books and a reading nook to make your very own library.
The search for design ideas is never ending! But it is also a lot of fun and what most homeowners like the most about the remodeling project. Try Pinterest.com, Houzz.com and google image search to find thousands and thousands of photos and images of different family and rec room designs. Once you find photos you like save them to a pinterest idea page and then set up your family members, architect, builder and designer as collaborators so they can view and save and comment on the photos too.
One central repository for family room design idea photos saves a lot of time and headaches and will assure you better results from your home addition. Remember to make notes on each photo of items you like and may be do not like so later when you review the photo you will remember why you saved the photo in the first place!


AAR Japan has kept the philosophy of "helping each other when in need," and has continued its activities in over 60 countries and regions without affiliation to specific politics, ideologies, and religions.
We have been assisting a wheelchair factory in the capital city of Vientiane since 2000, giving technical training for manufacturing, and coordinating distributions.
We are also assisting a facility for children with disabilities since 2008, and victims of UXOs since 2009.
We are implementing vocational training so that persons with disabilities such as victims of landmines or polio can become independent. We are also assisting a local NGO that manufactures wheelchairs.
In Yangon, we are conducting vocational training for PWDs with tailoring and hair cutting courses.
We are also helping victims of the 2008 cyclone with recovery efforts such as livelihood assistance, as well as implementing a community-based rehabilitation program.
We are providing recovery assistance for mountainous areas suffered serious damage by the earthquake that shook Nepal in April, 2015.
Pakistan has been home to hundreds of thousands of Afghan refugees, and security in Pakistan itself has deteriorated since 2009, resulting in many IDPs. We have been assisting refugee camps and its surrounding communities, especially through renovations of primary schools and sanitation awareness activities.
We are implementing mine risk education and developing materials for education since January 2002.
In Takhar Province in northern Afghanistan, we are assisting a facility that provides physical therapy for PWDs.
We are assisting the only wheelchair factory in Tajikistan, through technical training and coordinating distributions. We are also helping with the reconstruction of welfare facilities serving children with disabilities, as well as vocational training courses for women.
We have distributed relief goods such as food and daily necessities to victims of the large earthquake that took place in eastern Turkey on October 23rd, 2011.
Sudan is a country that has seen 21 years of internal conflict, and is lacking basic components of civilized life such as infrastructure. We are implementing mine risk education to decrease landmine accidents.
We are implementing emergency assistance in regions affected by the drought that took place in eastern Africa in 2011.
In cooperation with a local NGO serving landmine victims in Uganda, we are helping victims build support networks, as well as helping them become financially independent through their businesses.
We are implementing an AIDS prevention operation in the capital city of Lusaka and its surrounding areas. AIDS is one of the most serious problems affecting communities in Zambia.
We are providing recovery assistance for victims of the earthquake that shook Haiti in January, 2010.
We are distributing goods and also assisting medical care service in the islands attacked by the large cyclone on March, 2015.
We are providing recovery assistance to victims living in the three prefectures (Miyagi, Iwate, and Fukushima Prefectures) that were affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in March, 2011.


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Untangling Hairball, headlining Saturday at the…
Untangling Hairball, headlining Saturday at the Minnesota State Fair Grandstand
Metal tribute band Hairball plays the music of everyone from AC/DC to Kiss. (Courtesy of Hairball)
By Ross Raihala | rraihala@pioneerpress.com | Pioneer Press
PUBLISHED: August 31, 2018 at 5:00 a.m. | UPDATED: September 13, 2018 at 5:23 a.m.
At first glance, this season's Minnesota State Fair Grandstand lineup looked a bit underwhelming and lacking any real big names.
But the biggest head scratcher for a lot of folks is happening Saturday night when Hairball headlines the Great Minnesota Get-Together.
What's going on here? Well, it didn't help matters that two State Fair mainstays — Journey and Def Leppard — teamed up for their own joint tour and hit Target Field in July. But the main culprits here are Mystic Lake Casino and Treasure Island Casino.
The two venues have started hosting outdoor shows in recent years, but this summer they got aggressive about it and booked a whopping 15 concerts between them. And now that Treasure Island has built a permanent amphitheater, with more than 9,400 fixed seats and room for almost 7,000 more fans on the general admission lawn, it's not a trend that seems likely to end anytime soon.
It makes sense for casinos to book big summertime gigs. Concerts bring in potential customers for hotel rooms and gambling. And the fact that both have serious issues with traffic after large events only makes it more tempting for fans to spend an hour or two at the slots or to book a room and make a night of it.
The problem is that most of these amphitheater concerts — Nickelback, Lady Antebellum and Darius Rucker, Kid Rock, Reba McEntire — are exactly the type of shows that usually land at the State Fair.
But the Grandstand staff pulled a neat trick in booking Hairball, a metal tribute band that's well-known in the outstate casino circuit.
The Minnesota band is somewhat unique in that they cover a range of acts — Kiss, Motley Crue, AC/DC, Van Halen, Alice Cooper and Aerosmith among them — with an arena-sized production that includes smoke, fire, fake blood, confetti and pyro. They also have several lead vocalists, which allows them to dress and sound the part of the star's music they're singing.
Hairball occasionally plays the metro area — they headlined the Myth in March — but are probably better known to folks outside the Twin Cities, the type of folks who make the trip to Falcon Heights for the State Fair every summer. And with a $15 ticket price, it frees up more dough for beer, which Grandstand goers tend to enjoy drinking.
And despite some lesser-known names at the Grandstand, it's actually shaping up to be a decent season. Newly reunited country duo Sugarland and classic pop act the Beach Boys each sold out their performances, Sugarland not much of a surprise, but the Beach Boys very much so.
But the really terrific thing is that the act that will likely stand as the biggest draw this year is our own homegrown bluegrass band Trampled by Turtles, who pulled in an impressive 15,627 fans last weekend. That's great news for the Grandstand and Trampled by Turtles.
Red Wing theatre to reopen with Revolution concert
Red Wing's historic Sheldon Theatre will reopen Sept. 29 with a little help from the Revolution. Prince's most famous backing band will perform that evening following a late-afternoon community procession and rededication ceremony. Tickets for the Revolution are priced from $150 to $45 and are on sale via sheldontheatre.org.
The Revolution: Mark "Brownmark" Brown (bass), Wendy Melvoin (guitar, vocals), Robert "Bobby Z." Rivkin (drums), Matt "Dr. Fink" Fink (keyboards), Lisa Coleman (keyboards). (Courtesy of Ron Harris)
The theater will also host a free house party Oct. 5. The bill includes the New Standards, Davina and the Vagabonds, Mike Arturi with Tim Cheesebrow, Monroe Crossing and Tony Cuchetti. Each act is set to play multiple short sets in different spaces throughout the building to encourage concertgoers to explore the entire venue.
The 1904 building has undergone an extended renovation that began in 2012 and included replacing the heating, ventilation and air conditioning, installing a new sound and lighting system, refurbishing the exterior of the building, restoring the windows and adding a new roof and structural supports.
It's been closed this summer for interior work, including the addition of new ADA accessible bathrooms and main entrance, tile floor repairs, new custom carpets and the creation of a new third-floor studio space with a view of the main house.
The Sheldon Theatre has a full season of performances booked, including Shawn Colvin (Oct. 6), the Suburbs (Oct. 20), Louie Anderson (Oct. 26-27), a celebration of the legacy of Bobby Vee (Dec. 29), the Twilight Hours (March 29), Leftover Salmon (April 28) and Big Bad Voodoo Daddy (May 4).
Martin Zellar's Neil Diamond tribute returns in October
The Gear Daddies' Martin Zellar will be back in town Oct. 12 to headline the Medina Entertainment Center. He'll be doing his popular Neil Diamond tribute show, which might become even more popular now that Diamond has retired from touring after getting diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Daisy Dillman opens with an acoustic performance of the music of Crosby, Stills and Nash. Tickets are $25, $22 and $16 and go on sale at 11 a.m. Friday through Ticketfly.
Minnesota State Fair
Ross Raihala | Pop music critic
A Minnesota native, Ross Raihala joined the Pioneer Press as pop music critic in 2004, after stints at The Forum in Fargo, N.D., and The Olympian in Olympia, Wash. He covers local and national music as well as some theater and other arts and entertainment topics. His favorite part of his job is reviewing, and live tweeting, Twin Cities arena concerts. And, yes, he saw the same show you did.
rraihala@pioneerpress.com
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The online Winter Weekends with the Ordway series offers a variety of musical styles


The certified organic water decaffeination process preserves the original characteristics, aroma and full flavour of the green bean, to produce an amazing coffee experience free from chemicals and caffeine.
It is our 3-Origin Signature Blend that has been enjoyed by customers for over a decade. Roasted in two colours to gain different characteristics from each origin. Using premium organic PNG gives a lovely full flavour, light and balanced acidity, with a light spice and pleasant cocoa finish. Perfect for both espresso and milk-based coffees.
The flavours of a Single Origin coffee is depicted by its origin, possessing characteristics of the specific area where each particular coffee bean was grown. Our Single Origin range includes- but is not limited to- Brazilian, Colombian and Papua New Guinean beans.
All of our coffee beans are strictly organic!
Noego Coffee Co. is proud to be a strictly organic coffee company.
Organically sourced coffee beans are grown without the use of any artificial chemical substances such as pesticides, herbicides and chemical fertilisers.
By choosing an organically sourced product, not only are you protecting your own body from these harmful artificial chemicals, but also maintaining a healthier and chemically free environment for those who grow and harvest the coffee.
Noego Coffee Co. sources coffee beans that are grown using sustainable methods for agriculture and forestry.
Traditionally, coffee grew in harmony with nature, dependent on the shade of the forest canopy to enhance the quality of the bean, while simultaneously supporting local wildlife and migratory birds. When the hybrid coffee plant was introduced that could be grown under full sun, many farmers turned their backs on traditional farming methods and cut down their forests to increase their coffee yield. This deforestation has devastated lands across the tropics.
Our coffee beans are sourced from rainforest friendly farms that have adopted processes to protect waterways, reduce and recycle rubbish, keep soils healthy and encourage wildlife and migratory birds.
Noego Coffee Co. is committed to sourcing coffee beans that have been produced using ethical and sustainable farming and processing practices.
By sourcing ethically produced coffee, we encourage the protection of rights of the workers within the coffee industry, as well as help to ensure safe, fair and humane working and living conditions for these communities.
Responsible purchasing practices, farmer support, economic, social and environmental standards, industry collaboration and community development programs have been created to ensure a long term supply of high quality coffee that delivers positive outcomes for the livelihoods of workers, farmers, communities, and their environments.
Noego Coffee Co. is committed to sourcing only those products that have been traded fairly with farmers across the globe.
Coffee beans that have been traded fairly are sourced from producers in developing countries who meet labour standards that ensure the plantation workers have been paid a fair price, and enjoy decent conditions.
These trading partnerships are Noego Coffee Co.'s contribution to fostering greater equity in international trade.
Dan Salter is the original Coffee Guy, a registered trading name that dominated the Brisbane coffee bar scene for more than a decade and the culmination of 25 years of research and experimentation covering all facets of the coffee industry. Dan has learnt from the masters how to roast coffee the 'old way', and has successfully applied this know-how to modern technologically-based roasting methods.
Noego Coffee Co. has been established in company with Dan's wife and business partner Beverley, who manages the business side. She brings to the company more than 20 years of service industry experience in hospitality training, in the airline industry as a first class flight attendant and in Mind-Body Medicine & Holistic Counselling.
Thanks to their passion, the coffee that creates the unforgettable aroma at Noego, is produced with a whole lot of love.


SyMBA was originally developed to be a high-throughput data archive for the data created at CISBAN at Newcastle University, but is now a project applicable for many in the biology & bioinformatics community. New developers are always welcome. SyMBA is a data and metadata archive that is based on the Functional Genomics Object Model(FuGE) and which archives, stores, and retrieves raw high-throughput data. See our SourceForge project site for more information, to download some code, and to join the development process. We've got a working sandbox to play on, available from http://symba.ncl.ac.uk.


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