text:
Grand, Classic California Coast ex San Francisco Roundtrip
7 Night Cruise sailing from San Francisco roundtrip aboard Grand Princess.
Departure: 27 Oct 2019
From: San Francisco, California, USA
Cruise Ship: Grand Princess
27/10/2019 San Francisco, California, USA 04:00 PM
28/10/2019 At sea - -
29/10/2019 Santa Barbara, California, USA 07:00 AM 06:00 PM
30/10/2019 Los Angeles, California, USA 07:00 AM 11:00 PM
31/10/2019 San Diego, California, USA 08:00 AM 11:00 PM
01/11/2019 Ensenada, Mexico 08:00 AM 05:00 PM
03/11/2019 San Francisco, California, USA 07:00 AM
IF - Inside
Ample space and luxurious accommodations await guests in these categories. They'll also find twin beds that make up into a comfortable queen-size bed, a refrigerator and TV, a spacious closet and a bath with a shower. Approximately 160 square feet.
IE - Inside
ID - Inside
IC - Inside
IB - Inside
IA - Inside
OZ - Outside
Passengers traveling in these accommodations enjoy twin beds which make up into a comfortable queen-size bed, a large picture window or Porthole with an obstructed view, a refrigerator and TV, a spacious closet and a bath with a shower. Approximately 163 square feet.
OY - Outside
OW - Outside
Passengers traveling in these accommodations enjoy twin beds which make up into a comfortable queen-size bed, a large picture window with obstructed view, a refrigerator and TV, a spacious closet and a bath with a shower. Approximately 163 square feet.
OF - Outside
Passengers traveling in these accommodations enjoy twin beds which make up into a comfortable queen-size bed, a large picture window, a refrigerator and TV, a spacious closet and a bath with a shower. Approximately 163 square feet.
OE - Outside
OC - Outside
BF - Balcony
A private balcony is just one of many fabulous features. These categories also include twin beds which make up into a comfortable queen-size bed, a refrigerator and TV, a spacious closet and a bath with shower. Approximately 214 to 257 square feet, including balcony.
BE - Balcony
BB - Balcony
BA - Balcony
A private balcony is just one of many fabulous features. These categories also include twin beds which make up into a comfortable queen-size bed, a refrigerator and TV, a spacious closet and a bath with shower. Twin beds which make up into a queen-size bed, a private balcony, refrigerator, and TV make these accommodations like a home away from home. With a spacious closet and a bath with shower who can resist? Approximately 214 to 257 square feet, including balcony.
B2 - Balcony
A private balcony is just one of many fabulous features. These categories also include twin beds which make up into a comfortable queen-size bed, a refrigerator and TV, a spacious closet and a bath with shower. Approximately 274 square feet, including balcony.
With an atmosphere of comfortable elegance, tantalizing dining options and dazzling entertainment, your stay on board Grand Princess will be anything but ordinary. Relax at The Sanctuary, a tranquil haven reserved for adults, enjoy Movies Under the Stars® poolside or experience something new with our Discovery at SEA™ enrichment programs.
Highlights of this cruise:
Cable cars, the Golden Gate rising from the fog - welcome to San Francisco, arguably the most romantic and cosmopolitan city in the United States. San Francisco has it all: a colorful history, superb restaurants, sophisticated museums, world-class shopping, and that elusive air of romance and abandon that's part of the tang of the city.
"Welcome to Paradise," is a fitting expression for those visiting the coastal city of Santa Barbara. Called the American Riviera, Santa Barbara is a place where food, art, history, fashion, wine and sunshine mix to create a delightful and unique experience for the visitor. Charming Spanish and Moorish style buildings graced by brilliantly-colored bougainvillea, palm-lined beaches, a warm Mediterranean climate, charming sidewalk cafés and a pristine seaside setting are some of the aesthetic reasons for visiting Santa Barbara.
The "Queen of the Missions," Santa Barbara's Old Mission can be traced back to the 1700's when the mission was built to bring Christianity to the Chumash Indians. The Old Mission is now a California Historical Landmark and is one of the most popular attractions in the area.
Just outside of Santa Barbara, lies the Santa Ynez Valley which is home to numerous world-renowned wineries. The scenic beauty of the dramatic mountains, lush valleys and oak trees is only surpassed by the rich flavors of the wines produced in the area.
Known as a place of infinite beauty, affectionate locals and endless sunshine, San Diego has become one of America's favorite cities. Located in the southwest corner of California, close to the border of Mexico, San Diego has a distinct cross-cultural feel, part sun-drenched Mediterranean atmosphere, part south-of-the-border zest and part quintessential California beach town.
The history of San Diego is rooted in its Spanish and Mexican past. San Diego was declared the capital of upper and lower Baja only four years after Mexico gained its independence in 1821. Less than thirty years later, the United States declared war on Mexico and within two years the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo was signed creating the current borders between Mexico and the United States.
The city continues to prosper with a population exceeding one million. World-renowned attractions such as the San Diego Zoo, the Salk Institute, Sea World, La Jolla and the San Diego-Coronado Bay Bridge have created a strong tourism industry for the area. But undoubtedly what attracts visitors from around the world is the city's breathtaking natural beauty, superb coastline and near-perfect weather.
Ensenada, also known as "Cinderella of the Pacific," is located 70 miles south of the international border and only a 90-minute drive from San Diego. Visitors are drawn to Ensenadas warm Mediterranean climate, friendly atmosphere and easy access by land, air, and sea.
Ensenada has become Mexico's second most visited port of call for major cruise lines and pleasure boats.


Please contact the Rotary club of Paulding County if you would like to join one of our meetings. Our club meets every Tuesday at 12 noon inside the Hardy dealership commercial sales building, located at 1253 Charles Hardy Pkwy. in Dallas Georgia.


text:
Dog owners protest airlines' emotional support animal ban: 'I will not be sticking him in cargo'
Critics are fired up over the 'ruff' news
By Janine Puhak | Fox News
Emotional support animals will no longer be considered service animals on flights
The U.S. Department of Transportation will define a service animal as 'a dog that is individually trained to do work for the benefit of a person with a disability'; Claudia Cowan reports.
Some dog owners say they're sick as a dog over the U.S. Department of Transportation's (DOT) final decision that emotional support animals (ESAs) are no longer considered service animals on flights, giving airlines the OK to ban them. Fired up over the "ruff" news, hundreds of animal lovers have signed petitions urging major carriers to let support animals fly.
Announced in December 2020 and effective Jan. 11, the DOT's revision to the Air Carrier Access Act declared that ESAs will no longer be considered service animals on commercial flights. The federal Cabinet department cited over 15,000 comments on the proposal in making the change to the controversial travel topic.
Trained service dogs are still welcome aboard commercial flights, with proof of proper registration. (iStock)
While trained service dogs are still welcome aboard commercial flights with proof of proper registration, carriers American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Alaska Airlines and JetBlue have already banned ESAs from travel. Frontier Airlines and Spirit Airlines also announced on Monday that they would no longer be accepting bookings for ESAs.
BIDEN'S RESCUE DOG MAJOR TO RECEIVE 'INDOGURATION' CEREMONY
Now, critics demand that the DOT change its course, making the case and raising support through online petitions. One such organizer is Leana Rendon, who hopes that lawmakers will consider reclassifying ESAs to be protected (and fly) under the Americans with Disabilities Act.
In a Change.org petition created on Jan. 7, Rendon explained that she relies on her ESA Charlie, who Yahoo Lifestyle reports is a German Shepherd, to relieve her social anxiety in public.
"I know I'm not the only one lucky enough to experience this type of bond with their dog," Rendon wrote in the appeal, which currently has over 600 signatures. "We can find ways to help others out there like us who have done all the right things, but are being punished for the ones who decided they didn't want to pay for a pet fee for their peacock," alluding to the infamous incident in which an emotional support peacock named Dexter and his owner were denied boarding a United Airlines flight in 2018.
FOLLOW US ON FACEBOOK FOR MORE FOX LIFESTYLE NEWS
"Please help those who actually need this privilege and do right by it," she urged. "I've done everything in my control to do right by my ESA and I will not be sticking him in cargo when we travel. … I know we are not the only ones out there who would continue to do our duties as ESA owners and to ensure the banning of them doesn't happen."
New signatures have also flooded an older Care2 petition demanding that the Federal Aviation Administration and DOT allow ESAs to travel on commercial flights; that pitch is currently over 85,000 signatures strong.
Janine Puhak is an editor for Fox News Lifestyle.
Fun stories about food, relationships, the great outdoors and more.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We study the orientation of water and urea molecules and protein amide vibrations at aqueous α-lactalbumin and α-lactalbumin/urea interfaces using heterodyne-detected vibrational sum frequency generation. We vary the net charge of the protein by changing the pH. We find that the orientation of the water and urea molecules closely follows the net charge of the protein at the surface of the solution. In contrast, the net orientation of the amide groups of the backbone of the protein is independent of pH. We discuss the implications of these results for the mechanism by which urea denatures proteins.


By popular demand (and in an effort to eliminate mistakes on green tagged bikes) we will be holding a class on how to deal with steering issues by using torque wrenches and other tools to achieve a safer bike for our refugees and other recipients. In this class you will learn how to identify the different types of handlebar stems and their different torque settings, proper tools to use and the differences between threaded and non-threaded steering tubes. We will also take a portion of class time to cover the different styles of brakes, how to assess problems and addresses needed repairs.
Professional bike mechanic Thom Cope will continue the Freewheels training series with a session on brake systems, steering systems, torque specs and using the right tools.


text:
Tag: euroclub
Israel 2019 / by Sanjay (Sergio) Jiandani - May 3, 2019 9:00 pm
Eurovision 2019: Euroclub full line up released: single day tickets on sale
The 2019 Euroclub will be opening its doors in a week's time on Saturday 11 May with a grand opening. The full line up of Eurovision acts, both from yesteryear…
Israel 2019 / by Sanjay (Sergio) Jiandani - May 2, 2019 12:30 pm
Eurovision 2019: The provisional timeline: Tel Aviv is gearing up for the contest!
Preparations are in full swing in Israel for the forthcoming 2019 Eurovision Song Contest, the journey to Tel Aviv has begun and is set to conclude in May. Fasten your…
Israel 2019 / by Sanjay (Sergio) Jiandani - April 22, 2019 6:45 pm
Eurovision 2019: Where to party in Tel Aviv? Euroclub, Euro Cafe etc.
As the Eurovision countdown clock is ticking and fans are preparing for their journey to Tel Aviv for Eurovision. The host city will be going 100% Eurovision with a grand…
Eurovision 2019: KAN unveils the Euroclub venue
Get your dancing shoes out and get ready to party until the late hours of the morning in the Euroclub! The venue for the 2019 Euroclub has been unveiled. The…
Discover Lisbon / by Sanjay (Sergio) Jiandani - May 2, 2018 7:50 pm
Discover Lisbon: The Eurovision venues and hot spots
ESCToday brings you the Discover Lisbon series of articles in collaboration with Urban Adventures in order to introduce you to the Eurovision host city Lisbon. Today we will have a…
Portugal 2018 / by Sanjay (Sergio) Jiandani - April 28, 2018 10:30 am
Eurovision 2018: EBU releases rehearsals schedule and events guide
The EBU has released the 2018 Eurovision Song Contest rehearsals schedule along with a concise guide of the upcoming events in Lisbon. Ladies and gentlemen, the time has arrived! The…
Portugal 2018 / by Sanjay (Sergio) Jiandani - April 25, 2018 3:00 pm
Eurovision 2018: Euroclub venue unveiled; Ministerium
Portugal 2018 / by Sanjay (Sergio) Jiandani - March 12, 2018 8:00 pm
Eurovision 2018: Euroclub venue changes; new venue to be announced in due course!
RTP, the Portuguese national broadcaster has announced today that the venue for the 2018 Euroclub has been changed. Initially the 2018 Euroclub was going to be housed at Lisbon's Lust…
Portugal 2018 / by Sanjay (Sergio) Jiandani - February 19, 2018 6:00 pm
Eurovision 2018: RTP opens call for ESC volunteers
RTP, the Portuguese national broadcaster has opened the submission period for the 2018 Eurovision volunteers. Persons wishing to work as a volunteer at the 2018 Eurovision Song Contest in Lisbon…
Portugal 2018 / by Sanjay (Sergio) Jiandani - January 12, 2018 3:30 pm
Eurovision 2018: RTP reveals Euroclub venue
RTP, the 2018 Eurovision broadcaster, has revealed the venue for the 2018 Euroclub in Lisbon. Are you coming to Lisbon for Eurovision? Do you want to party Eurovision style during…


Facebook has been in the news recently for storming into the deals market, but what hasn't been that well documented will definitely help Estate Agents.
Apart from the standard way of keeping your password to yourself and using numbers and letters with lower and upper case, there is now another way Estate Agents can be more secure whilst using Facebook.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol is described as 'how messages are formatted and transmitted' and without it your computer wouldn't be able to access the internet. It was first documented in 1991 and officially used in 1996.
Estate Agents you can recognise it by the 'http' at the start of the' URL' or also known as a 'website address' at the top of this page.
There is also Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure or 'https' that encrypts information during the data transfer and helps stop people eavesdropping on your information.
The good news is that Facebook now provides this more secure connection – but you have to ask for it.
Simply login to Facebook, click on 'Account' and go to 'Account Settings' in the top right hand corner. Then click on 'Account Security' and more information will drop down. Lastly click the box 'Secure browsing (https)'.


As with most professional programs, especially those in the field of medicine, you will be required to certify nationally in order to being practicing as an entry-level nurse. For nurses, this is the NCLEX exam. It's sole purpose is to ensure that it is safe for you to begin practicing, rather than to pick out the top students, and a passing mark is required in order to begin practicing.
While the NCLEX-RN exam typically works on a Pass/Fail system, this doesn't mean you can simply wing it. Being prepared will increase your chances of passing, and becoming even more proficient with the material will help you on the job as well.
For more detailed information on the NCLEX exams (e.g. NCLEX-RN, NCLEX-PN, NNAAP, and MACE), please refer to the National Council of State Boards of Nursing website. If you're looking for specific information about topics that could be on the NLCEX or other nursing exams, please check out our reviews of the best resources for nursing lab values, as well as our info on nursing math formulas, as well as Spanish for nurses.
In this section we will discuss our top picks for the best NCLEX review books. These are not ranked in any particular order, as there are many similarities between them, but also some differences, and the overall consensus largely comes down to personal preference. Nevertheless, we hope this guide will help you in your selection, ultimately facilitating your progression from a nursing student to a working nurse!
This NCLEX-RN review book is a little more expansive than some others, but you get the whole package, so if you're only going to buy one book, this is it. It comes with complete content review for the NCLEX exam as well as 5,200 NCLEX examination-style questions. One of the most underrated parts of this book are when you read the answers to the questions, you also get a detailed rationale about the different answers, as well as study tips on how to approach different types of questions.
It also includes alternate item format questions, so you get the whole scope of the NCLEX exam. These include multiple response, prioritizing/ordered response, figure/illustration, fill-in-the-blank, as well as audio questions that help boost critical thinking skills and provide more confidence in decision-making and prioritizing.
There are also some bonus items like the Priority Nursing Action boxes and the Pyramid Alert boxes, and more. However, if you're looking for a good NCLEX-RN review book, then we would focus more on the meat of the material, simply making sure that you have all the content you need with lots of good practice questions, as well as rationale and supportive info.
Overall, this NCLEX review book is highly popular among nurses and has shown to be very helpful when studying for the NCLEX. However, there is one word of caution: While this Saunders NCLEX-RN review book has all the information you will need, you still have to plan for lots of study time to get through it all, hopefully more than once (it's easy to forget things when there's so much information!). At the end of day, this is an excellent NCLEX review book that is easy to read and well organized, with lots of really helpful information, just be prepared to spend a lot of time studying!
This is a handy pocket-sized book for nursing students that includes over 300 frequently tested NCLEX exam terms. The terms are generally categorized by medication category and includes helpful information like brand name, generic name, drug family, side effects, nursing considerations, and abbreviations.It also includes nice pronunciation keys so you can make sure that you're saying things correctly when working a shift.
One thing to keep in mind about the NCLEX-RN Drug Guide is that it isn't meant to be overly comprehensive. In fact, it's fairly brief and simple, which can be a good thing when trying to retain information. However, this means that it can reflect the exam more than a real-life situation during a shift.
For example, this book provides quick information about more than 300 drugs and terms found on the NCLEX exam, but many nurses do notice that once they begin practicing full-time, this guide becomes less and less useful. Part of this is simply progressing in one's learning, but it also due to the fact that this guide doesn't cover the full spectrum of drugs and terms you will encounter on the job. In the case of the latter, it may be worth checking out our article on the best free nursing apps, as some of those have very comprehensive information about drugs you would encounter as a nurse.
Overall, this book provides a handy little guide to common drugs that are examined on the NCLEX-RN exam. It's not overly comprehensive, and it doesn't provide information about all drugs you will encounter, but if you just want a cheap and simple guide to help boost your learning, this could be a nice option.
As far as we know, this is the only NCLEX review book that places a focus on prioritization, delegation, and patient assignment. It uses a simple-to-complex approach, which personally, I find works well for me (nice learning structure), but you may be slightly different in that regard. This approach is designed to provide you with a solid knowledge-base in management of care, then through exercises that gradually increase in difficulty, it builds on that knowledge by instilling more confidence in your prioritization, delegation, and patient assignment skills.
While this book is fairly comprehensive in its focus on prioritization, delegation, and patient assignment, this is basically all it covers. It's still a huge part of the NCLEX exam, for instance, these topics covered about 17-23% of the 2013 NCLEX exam. However, beyond that, you will still need supplemental material for the other topics covered on the exam, so chances are that if you get this book, you may still be looking for a more all-around NCLEX review book as well.
This NCLEX review book is organized into three general parts. The first part is the introduction chapter, whereby Ruth Hansten provides guidelines on prioritization, delegation, and assignment, and she also provides the framework for which Parts 2 and 3 are built from. Part 2 focuses on common health scenarios, where there is ample opportunity to practice and test your knowledge in multiple choice, multiple select, ordering, and short answer formats. Part 3 provides information and practice for more complex health scenarios, where the ultimate goal is to get you thinking like a full-time nurse and developing clinical imagination.
Overall, thisis an excellent review book for the NCLEX exam. The book isn't too big, yet it still provides very detailed information as well as rationale for all of the questions and answers, further facilitating your learning. There are lots of chapters, but they're quite short, so we think it's a nice structure that keeps things dynamic enough to be interesting. It's also quite affordable, so while it only covers a portion of what you will encounter on the NCLEX exam (albeit a significant portion), it could make a noticeable difference in how confident you are entering the exam, as well as your overall score.
This NCLEX review book is somewhat similar to the Saunders Comprehensive NCLEX Review Book that we discussed above, but they provide a slightly different perspective/approach to learning that many nursing students find helpful for their learning. For example, this NCLEX review book discusses 10 clinical thinking paths that can help you break down what the exam questions are actually looking for.
Beyond that, this book offers 8 practice question sets that are found at the end of the chapters, as well as two full-length practice tests (one online, one in the book) to help you keep track of your progress. Again, detailed rationales are included, which is fairly common in good NCLEX review books, but it's still always worth checking that they are included. There are also 60 minutes of video tutorials, which were found to be surprisingly helpful as well.
In addition to covering all subject areas, this book also provides a review of questions in all formats, including the alternate format questions, and info about mastering the computer adaptive test. You can download a mobile copy of the book, which is great for studying on the go when you don't have the book handy.
The main downside to this book is that it isn't quite as comprehensive as the Saunders Comprehensive NCLEX Review Book, but it still addresses all the same topics and with a slightly different learning style. The NCLEX-RN Premier 2016 review book is cheaper, which reflects the less robust material, but it's still quite substantial. At the end of the day, it simply comes down to personal preference. Do you want to spend a bit more to get all the information you can, or do you prefer to spend less and get the most important information from each topic, but not a whole lot more?
This is essentially the same as the Saunders Comprehensive Review for the NCLEX-RN Examination, but this one pertains specifically to the NCLEX-PN examination. It has over 4,500 review questions with an optimal combination of core content review, comprehensive rationales, and detailed test-taking strategies from an NCLEX-PN Expert, Linda Silvestri.
The full color design and comprehensive rationales make this book easier to read (let's face it, if you're studying, nothing is going to be overly pleasant). It also includes 12 pharmacology chapters, which are designed to prepare you for the emphasis on these sort of questions when writing the NCLEX-PN.
SImilar to the NCLEX-RN review book, this NCLEX-PN review book also includes alternate-format questions to help you become familiarized with the testing procedures and level of difficulty. There is also a section with a comprehensive exam that contains 85 questions that cover all areas of the book, with a proportion that reflects the actual NCLEX-PN test plan.
Overall, this is the best review book that you can get for the NCLEX-PN exam. The only complaints we have seen from other nurses are that it is sometimes a bit too informative, so it can be hard to read and concentrate for a long time. However, we think it's better to be safe than sorry, so the more information, the better! This just means you will have to be very careful when managing your time and planning out study sessions. Always reserve more time for studying than you think you will need, as some topics may require more attention than others, and procrastination can also have a bigger presence than expected!
There are lots of different options out there for NCLEX review books, but we hope you found our top picks to be useful in guiding your selection. Additionally, it's never a bad idea to explore other textbook options as well that can help with your learning. For example, books that provide memorization tricks like nursing mnemonics can be quite helpful, even though they don't relate directly to the NCLEX exam itself. These other types of books are best to get well before the exam, so that you can focus on the NCLEX-specific material leading up to the actual exam. Good luck!


text:
The (Income-Adjusted) Price of Good Behavior: Documenting the Counter-Intuitive, Wealth-Based Moral Judgment Gap
Drew S. Weiner, Sean M. Laurent
Poor people are punished more frequently and more severely than are wealthy people for their transgressions, suggesting that an agent's wealth affects how they are morally evaluated. To our knowledge, this has not been tested empirically. An initial study found that people expect the poor to be judged more harshly than the wealthy. Several other experiments consistently found that the reverse was true: Poor targets were judged as less immoral than wealthy targets for the same moral violations. Explanations of this wealth-based moral judgment gap were explored, including differences in descriptive/ prescriptive expectations, global anti-wealthy or pro-poor biases, and differences in how people understand and explain the behavior of wealthy and poor moral transgressors. Although the moral judgment gap is likely multiply determined, poor targets were consistently viewed as having better reasons than the wealthy to act badly. Thus, the immoral behavior of poor targets was attributed to situational factors and was discounted, whereas wealthy targets' behavior was perceived as less excusable and was attributed primarily to bad moral character. A final study extended our findings to the domain of prosocial behavior. Consistent with a reasons-based explanation, poor targets were viewed as having better moral character than wealthy targets when their behavior benefitted others, and wealthy targets were viewed as having more extrinsic reasons to behave prosocially
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000952
Developmental Neuroscience
10.1037/xge0000952
Dive into the research topics of 'The (Income-Adjusted) Price of Good Behavior: Documenting the Counter-Intuitive, Wealth-Based Moral Judgment Gap'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
moral judgement Social Sciences 100%
experiment Social Sciences 9%
trend Social Sciences 8%
Weiner, D. S., & Laurent, S. M. (2021). The (Income-Adjusted) Price of Good Behavior: Documenting the Counter-Intuitive, Wealth-Based Moral Judgment Gap. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 150(3), 484-506. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000952
Weiner, Drew S. ; Laurent, Sean M. / The (Income-Adjusted) Price of Good Behavior : Documenting the Counter-Intuitive, Wealth-Based Moral Judgment Gap. In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 2021 ; Vol. 150, No. 3. pp. 484-506.
@article{d3b8b163e01c4f38b764b557b0d7a90d,
title = "The (Income-Adjusted) Price of Good Behavior: Documenting the Counter-Intuitive, Wealth-Based Moral Judgment Gap",
abstract = "Poor people are punished more frequently and more severely than are wealthy people for their transgressions, suggesting that an agent{\textquoteright}s wealth affects how they are morally evaluated. To our knowledge, this has not been tested empirically. An initial study found that people expect the poor to be judged more harshly than the wealthy. Several other experiments consistently found that the reverse was true: Poor targets were judged as less immoral than wealthy targets for the same moral violations. Explanations of this wealth-based moral judgment gap were explored, including differences in descriptive/ prescriptive expectations, global anti-wealthy or pro-poor biases, and differences in how people understand and explain the behavior of wealthy and poor moral transgressors. Although the moral judgment gap is likely multiply determined, poor targets were consistently viewed as having better reasons than the wealthy to act badly. Thus, the immoral behavior of poor targets was attributed to situational factors and was discounted, whereas wealthy targets{\textquoteright} behavior was perceived as less excusable and was attributed primarily to bad moral character. A final study extended our findings to the domain of prosocial behavior. Consistent with a reasons-based explanation, poor targets were viewed as having better moral character than wealthy targets when their behavior benefitted others, and wealthy targets were viewed as having more extrinsic reasons to behave prosocially",
author = "Weiner, {Drew S.} and Laurent, {Sean M.}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 American Psychological Association",
doi = "10.1037/xge0000952",
journal = "Journal of Experimental Psychology: General",
Weiner, DS & Laurent, SM 2021, 'The (Income-Adjusted) Price of Good Behavior: Documenting the Counter-Intuitive, Wealth-Based Moral Judgment Gap', Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, vol. 150, no. 3, pp. 484-506. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000952
The (Income-Adjusted) Price of Good Behavior : Documenting the Counter-Intuitive, Wealth-Based Moral Judgment Gap. / Weiner, Drew S.; Laurent, Sean M.
In: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Vol. 150, No. 3, 2021, p. 484-506.
T1 - The (Income-Adjusted) Price of Good Behavior
T2 - Documenting the Counter-Intuitive, Wealth-Based Moral Judgment Gap
AU - Weiner, Drew S.
AU - Laurent, Sean M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2020 American Psychological Association
N2 - Poor people are punished more frequently and more severely than are wealthy people for their transgressions, suggesting that an agent's wealth affects how they are morally evaluated. To our knowledge, this has not been tested empirically. An initial study found that people expect the poor to be judged more harshly than the wealthy. Several other experiments consistently found that the reverse was true: Poor targets were judged as less immoral than wealthy targets for the same moral violations. Explanations of this wealth-based moral judgment gap were explored, including differences in descriptive/ prescriptive expectations, global anti-wealthy or pro-poor biases, and differences in how people understand and explain the behavior of wealthy and poor moral transgressors. Although the moral judgment gap is likely multiply determined, poor targets were consistently viewed as having better reasons than the wealthy to act badly. Thus, the immoral behavior of poor targets was attributed to situational factors and was discounted, whereas wealthy targets' behavior was perceived as less excusable and was attributed primarily to bad moral character. A final study extended our findings to the domain of prosocial behavior. Consistent with a reasons-based explanation, poor targets were viewed as having better moral character than wealthy targets when their behavior benefitted others, and wealthy targets were viewed as having more extrinsic reasons to behave prosocially
AB - Poor people are punished more frequently and more severely than are wealthy people for their transgressions, suggesting that an agent's wealth affects how they are morally evaluated. To our knowledge, this has not been tested empirically. An initial study found that people expect the poor to be judged more harshly than the wealthy. Several other experiments consistently found that the reverse was true: Poor targets were judged as less immoral than wealthy targets for the same moral violations. Explanations of this wealth-based moral judgment gap were explored, including differences in descriptive/ prescriptive expectations, global anti-wealthy or pro-poor biases, and differences in how people understand and explain the behavior of wealthy and poor moral transgressors. Although the moral judgment gap is likely multiply determined, poor targets were consistently viewed as having better reasons than the wealthy to act badly. Thus, the immoral behavior of poor targets was attributed to situational factors and was discounted, whereas wealthy targets' behavior was perceived as less excusable and was attributed primarily to bad moral character. A final study extended our findings to the domain of prosocial behavior. Consistent with a reasons-based explanation, poor targets were viewed as having better moral character than wealthy targets when their behavior benefitted others, and wealthy targets were viewed as having more extrinsic reasons to behave prosocially
U2 - 10.1037/xge0000952
DO - 10.1037/xge0000952
JO - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
JF - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
Weiner DS, Laurent SM. The (Income-Adjusted) Price of Good Behavior: Documenting the Counter-Intuitive, Wealth-Based Moral Judgment Gap. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 2021;150(3):484-506. doi: 10.1037/xge0000952


My second attempt at a Frank Miller graphic novel and the second disappointment. Not as much as The Dark Knight Returns but with a name as recognized as Miller's, I was hoping to finally understand what the fuss is about.
Not that it's all been good fuss. Reading the Alan Moore vs. Frank Miller stories online has actually proven to be more interesting than the works of either writer. In the case of 300, despite my own issues with the book (which I'll get to eventually), I'd have to side with Miller. Moore and other critics have taken Miller to task for presenting the Spartans inaccurately. Moore calls the book not "very well researched." Have they forgotten the fiction part of the term historical fiction? I was never under any illusion that this was going to be a blow by blow account of actual historical events, but it did inspire me to read other sources on the actual Spartans and the Battle of Thermopylae. I can't said I'd have chosen to do that this summer if it hadn't been for Miller, so the man deserves some credit.
My issue with the book is that the characters are flat and entirely static. Presented as war and discipline obsessed manly-men, the Spartans never flinch from this attitude. This may or may not have been accurate, but it doesn't exactly make for compelling story telling. Furthermore, whereas they started out as a fascinating war machine, I found myself questioning at the end why at least one of the soldiers didn't consider the possibility that the conquered life wouldn't have been so brutal as his current life. I guess it showed the impact of their rigorous and lifelong training and indoctrination, but I certainly didn't root for them. I started not to give a damn what happened.
The book, however, is quite stunning and I have to give props to Miller for his illustrations and especially to Lynn Varley for her colour work. Painted in mostly sepia tones with splashes of red, this violent history is stylized so dramatically that it's hard to look away. It's almost enough to save the book, but not quite.
Swordsman: I haven't seen the movie yet, though it seems to have gotten cult status.


text:
Q: Q. javascript. why don't play 'onclick'? why don't play onclick="catch()"  ?
I don't understand.

...

A: catch is a reserved keyword in javascript. Therefore we can't use it in our function/variable names. Try changing the name of the function:

function error(){
  alert(2);
}

click me 2

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


23 October 2008, at 8:34a.m.
US - The number of eggs placed was down 6 per cent while the broiler chicks placed were down 4 per cent, reports the USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS).
Commercial hatcheries in the 19-State weekly program set 191 million eggs in incubators during the week ending October 18, 2008. This was down 6 percent from the eggs set the corresponding week a year earlier. Average hatchability for chicks hatched during the week was 84 percent. Average hatchability is calculated by dividing chicks hatched during the week by eggs set three weeks earlier.
Broiler growers in the 19-State weekly program placed 163 million chicks for meat production during the week ending October 18, 2008. Placements were down 4 percent from the comparable week a year earlier. Cumulative placements from December 30, 2007 through October 18, 2008 were 7.35 billion, down slightly from the same period a year earlier.


Motion Squared presents: V-Ray Fabric Texture Pack for Cinema 4D.
Over 100 Fabric Textures for V-Ray in Cinema 4D.
Includes Fabric, Leather, Wool, Textiles, Denim, Cotton, Carpet textures and more! The textures are all 4K resolution which means amazing quality and great close up detail. Made with calibrated PBR maps for better and more realistic renders (Diffuse, Normal, Displacement, & Specular). Real displacement maps for real physical bump and depth. All textures are 100% seamless with no visible edges so they can be tiled to fit any scene or object. Check out the features and preview gallery below.


Gets catalog IDs for specified product category.
Returns proper FacetFilter from trailed category.
Returns nextLevel from trailed category.
This method is a supplement to CatalogWorker methods.
Ie for "1/SYRACUS2_CATEGORY/FICTION_C/" the returned value would be 2.
Ie for "1/SYRACUS2_CATEGORY/FICTION_C/" the returned value would be "2/SYRACUS2_CATEGORY/FICTION_C/".


Transitional square knob by Richelieu. Beveled edge and distinctive base lend a touch of elegance to your kitchen and bathroom furniture and cabinets.
With its sleek appearance and oval shape, this simple yet classic Richelieu knob is ideal for your furniture and cabinets.
Transitional Metal Knob Polished Nickel - Mirabel Collection Transitional square knob by Richelieu. Beveled edge and distinctive base lend a touch of elegance to your kitchen and bathroom furniture and cabinets.


text:
Q: Black hole complementarity - absorption of Hawking radiation I try to understand two principles formulated by Leonard Susskind in his book The Black Hole War:
1, To any observer who remains outside a black hole, the stretched horizon appears to be a hot layer of horizon-atoms that absorb, scramble, and eventually emit (in the form of Hawking radiation) every bit of information that falls onto the black hole.
2, To a freely falling observer, the horizon appears to be absolutely empty space. [...]
Now, in reaction to (an unanswered) question by Nathaniel, let us suppose that a distant observer A sees (according to the principle #1) Hawking radiation from a black hole (with Planck spectrum and say measurable temperature). Now suppose there is a freely falling gas somewhere between the event horizon and the observer. According to the principle #2, to the gas (considered an observer B) the horizon is empty space so there is no light coming from it to absorp.
Would the observer A detect absorption lines in the black hole spectrum? How does it change with distance of the gas (or the observer) from the black hole? Will the distant observer see the lines if he is free falling?

A: This is not a full answer, since I don't know the full answer, but it is more than a comment.
My contribution is to compare your question with another, simpler one, and then come back to yours.
1. Observer-dependence of radiation in classical physics
Here is the simpler question (one to which an answer is known). A charged particle accelerating in empty space will emit electromagnetic radiation. A charged particle fixed at some point in a static gravitational field will not emit electromagnetic radiation. Both statements are true---relative to a certain natural choice of reference frame in each case. But, in the first example one could step on board a rocket accelerating with the particle, and no electromagnetic waves would be seen in the rocket frame. In the second example, one could go freely falling past the particle, and in this freely falling frame, electromagnetic radiation will be seen. So what is going on here? Does the charged particle emit radiation or doesn't it?
All of this scenario can be treated with special relativity, and it teaches good lessons to prepare us for general relativity. The main lesson here is that the process of emission and subsequent absorption of radiation is not absolute but relative, when accelerating reference frames are considered, but the state changes associated with absorbing radiation, such as a detector clicking, are absolute. It is the way we interpret what caused a detector to click that can change from one frame to another.
To make the above really connect with your question, note that in my simple scenarios I could imagine a cloud of gas possibly absorbing the radiation in between emitter and receiver, just like in your scenario.
2. To resolve a paradox in observer-dependent physics, first convince yourself about the easiest observer, then seek arguments to explain what the other observer finds
The above principle can be applied to resolve puzzles in relativity such as whether a fast pole can fit into a short barn, or whether a fast rivet can   squash a bug in a hole.
3. Unruh effect has two complementary physical interpretations, depending on who is accelerating
Hawking radiation is like Unruh radiation, and therefore it is more subtle than classical radiation. A useful tip from the consideration of Unruh radiation is as follows. Unruh's calculation says a detector accelerating through the vacuum picks up internal energy, equivalent to detecting particles. Now if we look at this detector from an inertial frame, we still conclude it picks up excitation, but we interpret differently: we say the force pushing it provided some energy which got converted into internal energy because the process is not perfectly smooth.
4. Answer
Now I will apply all the above to provide an answer to your question.
I admit I am not sure and the following answer is just my guess. I only claim it to be an intelligent guess.
My guess is that the distant observer observes Hawking radiation and absorption lines. I say this because it is a consistent summary of what seems to me to be ordinary physics, assuming that there is Hawking radiation coming up from a horizon.
So the puzzle is to explain this from the point of view of the freely falling cloud. I think an observer falling with the cloud looks up at his distant friend and notices that his friend is accelerating through the vacuum, and consequently experiencing internal excitation owing to fluctuation of the forces accelerating him. To account for the absorption lines, i.e. the absence of excitation at certain frequencies, I guess (and this is the speculative part) that now the calculation from quantum field theory would have to take into account that the rest of spacetime is not empty but has the cloud you mentioned, and this cloud affects the overall action of the quantum fields in this way. Note, it is not a case of action at a distance (in either perspective), but it is a highly surprising prediction so I think your question is a very interesting one.

A: Your point #1 has to do with the fact that some physicists believe that if information did not RETURN, it would violate the Unitary principle.   The philosophy of Quantum Mechanics demands that Unitary is immutable. Therefore some people had come up with theories to show that information is not really lost in the blackhole.
I have not read the book you mention, but I happen to be reading The Rode to Reality from Penrose, and there is a section in the book where he actually touches on this same subject. However, I am afraid that Penrose, does not share this view, in effect in relation to your Point #1.  To quote him (page 841), "I find it inconceivable that somehow 'at the moment just before the horizon is crossed' some sort of signal is emitted to the outside world conveying outwards the full details of all information contained in the collapsing material...Simply a signal would be by itself not be enough, since the material itself is, in a sense, really the "information" that one is concerned with. Once it has fallen through the horizon, the material is trapped, and is inevitably destroyed in the singularity itself"
Perhaps this is not the answer you were looking for, but I hope that it is of some value to you.

A: First of all sorry for answering you not having a physics education.
If the gas does not fall into the black hole (there is at least a minimal distance between the event horizon and the gas molecules) the absorption would behave the same way as if the black hole was a "regular" star that has the same spectrum as the Hawking radiation.
Because of the high speed of the gas and the large masses relativistic effects must be considered.
As far as I understand the Hawking radiation's source is the empty space near the event horizon of the black hole and not the black hole itself. That theory says that in empty space photons and anti-parts with a negative (!) energy (and mass) are formed but normally these pairs will destroy themselves at once. Near a black hole the anti-parts fall into the black hole while the photons depart from the black hole. (If this is true then Nathaniel's theory is wrong - the Hawking radiation is formed when the black hole is already existing.)
This would mean that the gas between the event horizon and the point where the Hawking radiation originates does not influence the Hawking radiation (while the gas that is more distant from the black hole behaves like the gas close to a "regular" star).

A: The large bounty encourages me to post a placeholder answer which I shall endeavor to improve over the next 24 hours... The Unruh effect has already been mentioned a few times - sometimes said to show that the existence of particles is relative to reference frame. Indeed, there is a reference frame in which an Unruh detector appears to emit a particle.
I suggest that the way to model this question is to treat the cloud of gas, as it crosses the event horizon, similarly to an Unruh detector; and to use something like Raju-Papadodimas formalism for AdS/CFT, to describe the two complementary scenarios (observer outside the event horizon, observer crossing the event horizon) in a unified way. I shall search to see if something like this has already been discussed in the literature on the information paradox.
update: Another way to think about this question... For a large black hole, the falling gas sees no significant difference immediately above and below the horizon. But for the distant observer, there is a radical difference between something that is outside the black hole and absorbing some of the Hawking radiation, and something that is part of the black hole and (in effect) producing some of the Hawking radiation. Yet by black hole complementarity, there should also be no significant difference between these two situations in the case of the falling gas. How can that be?
The answer must be a kind of Unruh-Hawking correspondence. The gas falling through the gently curved space just inside the horizon participates in some form of Unruh effect; and for the observer outside this horizon, this now corresponds to a continuing suppression of Hawking radiation on the wavelengths that the gas absorbs. Black hole complementarity demands that this should be so, and the challenge is to devise an account purely in terms of horizon thermodynamics (e.g. certain excited states of the black hole?) which reproduces this suppression.


text:
FROM centos:6
MAINTAINER Felix Bechstein <felix.bechstein@otto.de>
EXPOSE 8080

# prepare image
RUN yum install -y java-1.8.0-openjdk-headless
USER daemon

# set command line
CMD ["java", "-Dlog_level=info", "-jar", "/tesla-microservice-standalone.jar"]

# instead of logging to stdout, you may log to file in /log. create volume or mount host volume to /log
# RUN mkdir /log && chown daemon /log
# CMD ["java", "-Dlog_level=info", "-Dlog_appender=fileAppender", "-Dlog_location=/log", "-jar", "/tesla-microservice-standalone.jar"]

# drop in uber jar
ADD target/tesla-microservice-*-standalone.jar /tesla-microservice-standalone.jar

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Included in the Co2 package is 90 x 12g CO2 capsules, and a Free Dropper bottle of Silicone 35 gun oil. All of this is housed safely in a cardboard box which also makes it easy to store.
Makes an ideal present for the owner of a Co2 pistol or rifle which utilizes the smaller 12g CO2 capsules.


text:
another door opens
service through story: open doors, open hearts, open minds.
Know the Why
Posted on October 8, 2016 by Stephanie Himango
Melony Matthews.
Her name conjures up the word m-e-l-o-d-y. There is music in it. Maybe it's the spelling. Or maybe it's because I first heard Melony. Then I saw her.
Long dress swaying as she stood alone on the paved street, her arms were outstretched, hair in a tight bun, chin up. Her operatic soprano voice was rising gently into the early morning air of the Hollywood Farmers' Market, and the expression on her face was angelic.
Today, this is her stage. And her home away from home. Where new doors may open.
The road she took to get here is a winding one. An artistic, creative, bold, beautiful one.
When she is performing, her name is spelled Meloni Mathius. "I changed the spelling, but not the sound. I wanted it to have a pretty look when people write it down," she smiles.
There are many instruments of music in Melony… musical instruments, vocal instruments, physical instruments…she plays, she sings, she dances, she acts, she writes, she makes short films. She performs.
"My first exposure to music was my babysitter, Vivian." Melony's eyes light up as she tells me she and her little brother loved Vivian. "She had a piano and she would never let us touch it. At the time, pianos were a status symbol. You were cultured if you had a piano in the living room. Vivian played it, but we couldn't touch it.
"We lived in the projects in Anderson, South Carolina. At the time, that was the only place that you could move if you were from out of town. Both my parents were from out of town. They got jobs in Anderson at the school district, and so they went there and the only place to stay was the projects. So, you had a plethora of people living there — doctors, lawyers who just moved there, teachers, all kinds of families.
"When I was 6, 7, 8 something like that, my mom said, 'I can get you one birthday present. And it can be a big present. And it can be the present for the rest of your life. And I will never get you another birthday present. Or, I can give you lots of little presents throughout your birthdays.'
She made this offer to me and my brother.
"Now I was smart. I said, 'that presents-throughout-the-years is going to fizzle out. So I better take my chances and get one big present this time. My brother was younger than me so, of course, he chose lots of little presents.
I said, 'I want one big present'.
She said, 'What do you want?'
I said, 'I want a piano.'
"And she got me the piano. And I was on that piano. I would practice until my fingers were raw. She gave me lessons. I would practice so much that I would fall asleep on the piano."
Melony's father, now 80 years old, was a band teacher in South Carolina for 35 years and also played saxophone in the National Guard Army band. He started Melony on the flute as early as she can remember. Melony's mother's musical gift was singing.
"My family would sing all the time. We would be in the living room harmonizing. My mom or my aunt would always designate what we would sing, what pitch. She'd say, Melony, you do high harmony. That was my designation.
"I'm not the singer in the family. I can't hoot and holler. I've got that soft voice.
"When I was growing up, at church, when they needed quiet meditation time, they would ask me to sing. And I would sing. My song was…."
For the next 22 seconds, Melony sang the song Sweet Hour of Prayer, lending the coffee shop where we met to do this interview an ethereal soundtrack. Just as she finished, a man appeared right next to our table looking in awe at Melony. Eyes wide, he said, "I had to tell you, you have a lovely singing voice."
"Oh! Thank you!" Melony beamed.
When he left she turned back to me, "So, that was my song. When they wanted quiet meditation at church, they'd say, 'Oh, Mrs. Matthews, get Melony to sing that quiet song, and that was the only time I was requested." She breaks into laughter.
Piano. Flute. Singing. Ballet lessons at the local recreation center in Anderson, SC, too. Eventually, Melony graduated high school, then earned a degree in Drama from Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia. There, a teacher observed Melony's dance talents and encouraged her to audition for the famed Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater in New York City. Melony took her first airplane ride, heading for the big apple.
"When I got there, there were so many people who were at such professional levels. There were splits all kinds of ways, and I'm like, 'What the hell am I doing here? I don't have this kind of training. I'm just a little country girl from South Carolina.' I spent junior high school years with Miss Brenda at Anderson Recreation Center in a little ballet school at the rec. That was it.
"Let me tell you what I did. I said, 'Melony, you can't compete with these people. They're all bony skinny and you're country thick. What do you have to offer?'
"I told myself, I don't care what you're doing, you're going to keep your smile on like it's painted on there. Glue it there! And when my time came up my strategy was just keep smiling — and that's what I did!"
Her dance skills and her spirit were enough to earn her a certificate from Alvin Ailey.
"I was in the New York area for about 10 years." Melony was with a dance company and she also sang in a choir. One day, the Dance Theatre of Harlem had an open house.
"I went to the open house, and I sang. That was my first performance as an opera singer. It was probably horrible, but I hit that high note and they were applauding and they stood up 'diva! diva!' and I said, 'Yeah, this is what I'm doing. I like this.'
"That's when I decided to continue to be a professional opera singer. My life has been miserable ever since!" she laughs.
"Just because you decide to do something that you're supposed to do doesn't mean it's going to be easier to do it. Just because it's something that you're purposed to do, doesn't mean it's going to be easy to do.
"You still have to face a challenge. So you might as well do what you like, because it's going to be a challenge anyway.
"Have you ever crossed a creek? How do you cross a creek? You look for the stones. You look for the stone that you can step on that will support you. And you hop on that stone. Everything is hopping on a stone to get across the river to the other side. I celebrate each stone. Each stone motivates me.
"Each stone you step on is an accomplishment and you have to take it.
"You will get across the river if you remember what you're doing it for. You've gotta really love it. You've gotta know the why. The why has to be: you love it!
"Opera is not a solo act. You're combining the words, the feelings, the technique, the sound, the emotions, working with the music. And trying to find a sense of accomplishment in small increments. Each song I sing now is trying to accomplish that. Sometimes I don't. We are human.
"But when you hit it, it's so fulfilling. It's life fulfilling. And that's why people are in the arts. Because it is life fulfilling."
This entry was posted in california, hollywood, Inspiration, los angeles, music, stories, story by Stephanie Himango. Bookmark the permalink.
1 thought on "Know the Why"
PFletcher on October 11, 2016 at 12:35 pm said:
Lovely story, Steph. Good luck to Melony. PF
What did this post make you think about? Did it stir self-reflection? I'd love to hear from you. Add a comment or participate in a discussion. Share this with a friend and give the free gift of story. Cancel reply


text:
Skip directly to search Skip directly to A to Z list Skip directly to navigation Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options
Error processing SSI file
MMWR – Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
MMWR News Synopsis for June 23, 2011
National HIV Testing Day — June 27, 2011 (Box)
Results of an Expanded HIV Testing Initiative — 25 Jurisdictions, United States, 2007–2010
HIV Screening of Male Inmates During Intake Medical Evaluation — Washington State Department of Corrections, 2006–2010
Ten Great Global Public Health Achievements ― 2001–2010
There is no MMWR telebriefing scheduled for June 23, 2011.
1. National HIV Testing Day — June 27, 2011 (Box)
CDC Division of News and Electronic Media
2.	Results of an Expanded HIV Testing Initiative — 25 Jurisdictions, United States, 2007–2010
A CDC initiative tested nearly 2.8 million Americans for HIV and newly diagnosed more than 18,000 individuals. In 2007, CDC launched a three-year $102.3 million Expanded HIV Testing Initiative (ETI) in the 25 U.S. areas most affected by HIV. ETI is the largest CDC-funded effort to expand its HIV screening recommendations, which call for HIV testing to become a standard part of healthcare for all Americans. CDC funded health departments to increase HIV testing and facilitate linkages to care for disproportionately affected populations, particularly African Americans, who bear a greater burden of HIV than other races or ethnicities. Between September 2007 and October 2010, 2,786,739 tests were conducted, 18,432 persons were newly diagnosed with HIV and 75 percent of these cases, for whom follow up data was available, were linked to care. African Americans represented the majority of those tested (60 percent) and newly diagnosed (70 percent). Most HIV tests (90 percent) were conducted in healthcare settings. In 2010, CDC extended the effort based on early indications of its success. CDC estimates that 20 percent of the 1.2 million people living with HIV in the United States don't know they are infected. Expanding testing is critical to help individuals receive life-extending treatment and protect the health of their partners.
3. HIV Screening of Male Inmates During Intake Medical Evaluation — Washington State Department of Corrections, 2006–2010
A CDC study of Washington State Department of Corrections HIV testing records from 2006 to 2010 shows that offering voluntary, opt-out testing to inmates at intake can lead to a substantial increase in HIV testing and a higher rate of new diagnoses among an otherwise hard-to- reach population. Researchers compared data from January 2006 to August 2007 when the state offered HIV testing on a request-only basis and compared these data to records between September 2007 and March 2010, when the state changed its HIV testing policy to an opt-in strategy and again to records from March 2010 to December 2010 when the policy changed to an opt-out approach. Overall, there was an increase in HIV testing from 5 percent to 72 percent when the testing strategy changed from on request to opt-in. The opt-out approach further increased the uptake of HIV testing to 90 percent. The rate of newly diagnosed cases also increased from 1.8 cases per year when HIV testing was available only on request to 7.6 cases per year under the opt-out approach. The findings support CDC's 2006 HIV testing recommendations, which call for all adults and adolescents to be tested as a routine part of medical care, regardless of risk, including those in correctional facilities. Researchers conclude that expansion of HIV testing within prisons has the potential to increase diagnoses of HIV infection and help stem continued transmission.
4. Ten Great Global Public Health Achievements ― 2001–2010
This report assesses advances in public health during the first 10 years of the 21st century that illustrate the powerful impact core public health tools can have when applied effectively.
Worldwide, a child born in 1955 had an average life expectancy at birth of just 48 years. By 2000, the average life expectancy at birth had increased to 66 and, if past trends continue, is projected to rise to 73 by 2025. These improvements in longevity have resulted from improved living conditions overall, advances in medical science, and a number of population-level interventions. However, major disparities persist. During the last decade, in low-income countries, average life expectancy at birth increased from 55 to 57 years (3.6 percent), while increasing from 78 to 80 years (2.6 percent) in high-income countries. Like the recent MMWR report highlighting 10 public health achievements that occurred in the United States over the first 10 years of the new century, this report describes global public health achievements during the same period. Experts in global public health were asked to nominate noteworthy public health achievements that occurred outside of the United States during 2001–2010. From them, 10 were selected, and brief synopses are presented here. As with the previous report, the 10 global public health achievements are not ranked in order of importance.
Historical Document: June 23, 2011
Content source: Office of the Associate Director for Communication, Division of News and Electronic Media
Notice: Linking to a non-federal site does not constitute an endorsement by HHS, CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the site.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Rd. Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA
s.prop2=window.location.href; s.prop26=document.title; s.prop30=document.title; s.prop31=window.location.href; s.prop46=window.location.href; s.server=window.location.hostname; // Update the level variables here. updateVariables(s); /************* DO NOT ALTER ANYTHING BELOW THIS LINE ! **************/ var s_code=s.t();if(s_code)document.write(s_code);//-->


text:
Egyptian tale of Destruction of Mankind
THE LEGEND OF THE DESTRUCTION OF MANKIND
The text containing the Legend of the Destruction of Mankind is written in hieroglyphs, and is found on the four walls of a small chamber which is entered from the "hall of columns" in the tomb of Seti I, which is situated on the west bank of the Nile at Thebes. On the wall facing the door of this chamber is painted in red the figure of the large "Cow of Heaven." The lower part of her belly is decorated with a series of thirteen stars, and immediately beneath it are the two Boats of Ra, called Semketet and Mantchet, or Sektet and Matet. Each of her four legs is held in position by two gods, and the god Shu, with outstretched uplifted arms, supports her body. The Cow was published by Champollion, without the text. This most important mythological text was first published and translated by Professor E. Naville in 1874. It was republished by Bergmann and Brugsch, who gave a transcription of the text, with a German translation. Other German versions by Lauth, Brugsch, and Wiedemann have appeared, and a part of the text was translated into French by Lefebure. The latest edition of the text was published by Lefebure, and text of a second copy, very much mutilated, was published by Professor Naville, with a French translation in 1885. The text printed in this volume is that of M. Lefebure.
The legend takes us back to the time when the gods of Egypt went about in the country, and mingled with men and were thoroughly acquainted with their desires and needs. The king who reigned over Egypt was Ra, the Sun-god, who was not, however, the first of the Dynasty of Gods who ruled the land. His predecessor on the throne was Hephaistos, who, according to Manetho, reigned 9000 years, whilst Ra reigned only 992 years; Panodorus makes his reign to have lasted less than 100 years.
Be this as it may, it seems that the "self-created and self-begotten" god Ra had been ruling over mankind for a very long time, for his subjects were murmuring against him, and they were complaining that he was old, that his bones were like silver, his body like gold, and his hair like lapis-lazuli. When Ra heard these murmurings he ordered his bodyguard to summon all the gods who had been with him in the primeval World-ocean, and to bid them privately to assemble in the Great House, which can be no other than the famous temple of Heliopolis. This statement is interesting, for it proves that the legend is of Heliopolitan origin, like the cult of Ra itself, and that it does not belong, at least in so far as it applies to Ra, to the Pre-dynastic Period.
When Ra entered the Great Temple, the gods made obeisance to him, and took up their positions on each side of him, and informed him that they awaited his words. Addressing Nu, the personification of the World-ocean, Ra bade them to take notice of the fact that the men and women whom his Eye had created were murmuring against him. He then asked them to consider the matter and to devise a plan of action for him, for he was unwilling to slay the rebels without hearing what his gods had to say. In reply the gods advised Ra to send forth his Eye to destroy the blasphemers, for there was no eye on earth that could resist it, especially when it took the form of the goddess Hathor. Ra accepted their advice and sent forth his Eye in the form of Hathor to destroy them, and, though the rebels had fled to the mountains in fear, the Eye pursued them and overtook them and destroyed them. Hathor rejoiced in her work of destruction, and on her return was praised by Ra, for what she had done. The slaughter of men began at Suten-henen (Herakleopolis), and during the night Hathor waded about in the blood of men. Ra asserted his intention of being master of the rebels, and this is probably referred to in the Book of the Dead, Chapter XVII., in which it is said that Ra rose as king for the first time in Suten-henen. Osiris also was crowned at Suten-henen, and in this city lived the great Bennu bird, or Phoenix, and the "Crusher of Bones" mentioned in the Negative Confession.
The legend now goes on to describe an act of Ra, the significance of which it is difficult to explain. The god ordered messengers to be brought to him, and when they arrived, he commanded them to run like the wind to Abu, or the city of Elephantine, and to bring him large quantities of the fruit called tataat. What kind of fruit this was is not clear, but Brugsch thought they were "mandrakes," the so-called "love-apples," and this translation of tataat may be used provisionally. The mandrakes were given to Sekti, a goddess of Heliopolis, to crush and grind up, and when this was done they were mixed with human blood, and put in a large brewing of beer which the women slaves had made from wheat. In all they made 7,000 vessels of beer. When Ra saw the beer he approved of it, and ordered it to be carried up the river to where the goddess Hathor was still, it seems, engaged in slaughtering men. During the night he caused this beer to be poured out into the meadows of the Four Heavens, and when Hathor came she saw the beer with human blood and mandrakes in it, and drank of it and became drunk, and paid no further attention to men and women.
In welcoming the goddess, Ra, called her "Amit," i.e., "beautiful one," and from this time onward "beautiful women were found in the city of Amit," which was situated in the Western Delta, near Lake Mareotis.[see note 2] Ra also ordered that in future at every one of his festivals vessels of "sleep-producing beer" should be made, and that their number should be the same as the number of the handmaidens of Ra.
Those who took part in these festivals of Hathor and Ra drank beer in very large quantities, and under the influence of the "beautiful women," i.e., the priestesses, who were supposed to resemble Hathor in their physical attractions, the festal celebrations degenerated into drunken and licentious orgies.
[Note 2] It was also called the "City of Apis," (Brugsch, Dict. Geog., p. 491), and is the Apis city of classical writers. It is, perhaps, represented by the modern Kom al-Hisn.
Soon after this Ra complained that he was smitten with pain, and that he was weary of the, children of men. He thought them a worthless remnant, and wished that more of them had been slain. The gods about him begged him to endure, and reminded him that his power was in proportion to his will. Ra was, however, un-consoled, and he complained that his limbs were weak for the first time in his life. Thereupon the god Nu told Shu to help Ra, and he ordered Nut to take the great god Ra on her back. Nut changed herself into a cow, and with the help of Shu Ra got on her back. As soon as men saw that Ra was on the back of the Cow of Heaven, and was about to leave them, they became filled with fear and repentance, and cried out to Ra to remain with them and to slay all those who had blasphemed against him. But the Cow moved on her way, and carried Ra to Het-Ahet, a town of the nome of Mareotis, where in later days the right leg of Osiris was said to be preserved.
Meanwhile darkness covered the land. When day broke the men who had repented of their blasphemies appeared with their bows, and slew the enemies of Ra. At this result Ra was pleased, and he forgave those who had repented because of their righteous slaughter of his enemies. From this time onwards human sacrifices were offered up at the festivals of Ra celebrated in this place, and at Heliopolis and in other parts of Egypt.
After these things Ra declared to Nut that he intended to leave this world, and to ascend into heaven, and that all those who would see his face must follow him thither. Then he went up into heaven and prepared a place to which all might come. Then he said, "Hetep sekhet aa," i.e., "Let a great field be produced," and straightway "Sekhet-hetep," or the "Field of peace," came into being. He next said, "Let there be reeds (aaru) in it," and straightway "Sekhet Aaru," or the "Field of Reeds," came into being. Sekhet-hetep was the Elysian Fields of the Egyptians, and the Field of Reeds was a well-known section of it.
Another command of the god Ra resulted in the creation of the stars, which the legend compares to flowers. Then the goddess Nut trembled in all her body, and Ra, fearing that she might fall, caused to come into being the Four Pillars on which the heavens are supported. Turning to Shu, Ra entreated him to protect these supports, and to place himself under Nut, and to hold her up in position with his hands. Thus Shu became the new Sun-god in the place of Ra, and the heavens in which Ra lived were supported and placed beyond the risk of falling, and mankind would live and rejoice in the light of the new sun.
At this place in the legend a text is inserted called the "Chapter of the Cow." It describes how the Cow of Heaven and the two Boats of the Sun shall be painted, and gives the positions of the gods who stand by the legs of the Cow, and a number of short magical names, or formulae, which are inexplicable. The general meaning of the picture of the Cow is quite clear. The Cow represents the sky in which the Boats of Ra, sail, and her four legs are the four cardinal points which cannot be changed. The region above her back is the heaven in which Ra reigns over the beings who pass thereto from this earth when they die, and here was situated the home of the gods and the celestial spirits who govern this world.
When Ra had made a heaven for himself, and had arranged for a continuance of life on the earth, and the welfare of human beings, he remembered that at one time when reigning on earth he had been bitten by a serpent, and had nearly lost his life through the bite. Fearing that the same calamity might befall his successor, he determined to take steps to destroy the power of all noxious reptiles that dwelt on the earth. With this object in view he told Thoth to summon Keb, the Earth-god, to his presence, and this god having arrived, Ra told him that war must be made against the serpents that dwelt in his dominions.
He further commanded him to go to the god Nu, and to tell him to set a watch over all the reptiles that were in the earth and in water, and to draw up a writing for every place in which serpents are known to be, containing strict orders that they are to bite, no one. Though these serpents knew that Ra was retiring from the earth, they were never to forget that his rays would fall upon them. In his place their father Keb was to keep watch over them, and he was their father forever.
As a further protection against them Ra promised to impart to magicians and snake-charmers the particular word of power, hekau, with which he guarded himself against the attacks of serpents, and also to transmit it to his son Osiris. Thus those who are ready to listen to the formulae of the snake-charmers shall always be immune from the bites of serpents, and their children also. From this we may gather that the profession of the snake-charmer is very ancient, and that this class of magicians were supposed to owe the foundation of their craft to a decree of Ra himself.
Ra next sent for the god Thoth, and when he came into the presence of Ra, he invited him to go with him to a distance, to a place called "Tuat," i.e., hell, or the Other World, in which region he had determined to make his light to shine. When they arrived there he told Thoth, the Scribe of Truth, to write down on his tablets the names of all who were therein, and to punish those among them who had sinned against him, and he deputed to Thoth the power to deal absolutely as he pleased with all the beings in the Tuat. Ra loathed the wicked, and wished them to be kept at a distance from him. Thoth was to be his vicar, to fill his place, and "Place of Ra," was to be his name. He gave him power to send out a messenger (hab), so the Ibis (habi) came into being. All that Thoth would do would be good (khen), therefore the Tekni bird of Thoth came into being. He gave Thoth power to embrace (anh) the heavens, therefore the Moon-god (Aah) came into being. He gave Thoth power to turn back (anan) the Northern peoples, therefore the dog-headed ape of Thoth came into being. Finally Ra told Thoth that he would take his place in the sight of all those who were wont to worship Ra, and that all should praise him as God. Thus the abdication of Ra was complete.
In the fragmentary texts which follow we are told how a man may benefit by the recital of this legend. He must proclaim that the soul which animated Ra was the soul of the Aged One, and that of Shu, Khnemu (?), Heh, and then he must proclaim that he is Ra himself, and his word of power Heka. If he recites the Chapter correctly he shall have life in the Other World, and he will be held in greater fear there than here. A rubric adds that he must be dressed in new linen garments, and be well washed with Nile water; he must wear white sandals, and his body must be anointed with holy oil. He must burn incense in a censer, and a figure of Maat (Truth) must be painted on his tongue with green paint. These regulations applied to the laity as well as to the clergy.
TITLE: Legends of the Gods (1912)
BY: E. A. Wallis Budge
CONTIBUTOR: Staff
Posted on March 16, 2018 March 17, 2018 by thecommentarygazettePosted in Ancient History, Home
Previous Previous post: NEB-ER-TCHER an Egyptian Creation Story
Next Next post: THE LEGEND OF RA AND ISIS