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Project acronym 2D-TOPSENSE
Project Tunable optoelectronic devices by strain engineering of 2D semiconductors
Researcher (PI) Andres CASTELLANOS
Summary The goal of 2D-TOPSENSE is to exploit the remarkable stretchability of two-dimensional semiconductors to fabricate optoelectronic devices where strain is used as an external knob to tune their properties. While bulk semiconductors tend to break under strains larger than 1.5%, 2D semiconductors (such as MoS2) can withstand deformations of up to 10-20% before rupture. This large breaking strength promises a great potential of 2D semiconductors as 'straintronic' materials, whose properties can be adjusted by applying a deformation to their lattice. In fact, recent theoretical works predicted an interesting physical phenomenon: a tensile strain-induced semiconductor-to-metal transition in 2D semiconductors. By tensioning single-layer MoS2 from 0% up to 10%, its electronic band structure is expected to undergo a continuous transition from a wide direct band-gap of 1.8 eV to a metallic behavior. This unprecedented large strain-tunability will undoubtedly have a strong impact in a wide range of optoelectronic applications such as photodetectors whose cut-off wavelength is tuned by varying the applied strain or atomically thin light modulators. To date, experimental works on strain engineering have been mostly focused on fundamental studies, demonstrating part of the potential of 2D semiconductors in straintronics, but they have failed to exploit strain engineering to add extra functionalities to optoelectronic devices. In 2D-TOPSENSE I will go beyond the state of the art in straintronics by designing and fabricating optoelectronic devices whose properties and performance can be tuned by means of applying strain. 2D-TOPSENSE will focus on photodetectors with a tunable bandwidth and detectivity, light emitting devices whose emission wavelength can be adjusted, light modulators based on 2D semiconductors such as transition metal dichalcogenides or black phosphorus and solar funnels capable of directing the photogenerated charge carriers towards a specific position.
The goal of 2D-TOPSENSE is to exploit the remarkable stretchability of two-dimensional semiconductors to fabricate optoelectronic devices where strain is used as an external knob to tune their properties. While bulk semiconductors tend to break under strains larger than 1.5%, 2D semiconductors (such as MoS2) can withstand deformations of up to 10-20% before rupture. This large breaking strength promises a great potential of 2D semiconductors as 'straintronic' materials, whose properties can be adjusted by applying a deformation to their lattice. In fact, recent theoretical works predicted an interesting physical phenomenon: a tensile strain-induced semiconductor-to-metal transition in 2D semiconductors. By tensioning single-layer MoS2 from 0% up to 10%, its electronic band structure is expected to undergo a continuous transition from a wide direct band-gap of 1.8 eV to a metallic behavior. This unprecedented large strain-tunability will undoubtedly have a strong impact in a wide range of optoelectronic applications such as photodetectors whose cut-off wavelength is tuned by varying the applied strain or atomically thin light modulators. To date, experimental works on strain engineering have been mostly focused on fundamental studies, demonstrating part of the potential of 2D semiconductors in straintronics, but they have failed to exploit strain engineering to add extra functionalities to optoelectronic devices. In 2D-TOPSENSE I will go beyond the state of the art in straintronics by designing and fabricating optoelectronic devices whose properties and performance can be tuned by means of applying strain. 2D-TOPSENSE will focus on photodetectors with a tunable bandwidth and detectivity, light emitting devices whose emission wavelength can be adjusted, light modulators based on 2D semiconductors such as transition metal dichalcogenides or black phosphorus and solar funnels capable of directing the photogenerated charge carriers towards a specific position.
Project acronym 3DScavengers
Project Three-dimensional nanoscale design for the all-in-one solution to environmental multisource energy scavenging
Researcher (PI) Ana Isabel BORRAS MARTOS
Summary Imagine a technology for powering your smart devices by recovering energy from lights in your office, the random movements of your body while reading these lines or from small changes in temperature when you breathe or go out for a walk. This very technology will provide energy for wireless sensor networks monitoring the air in your city or the structural stability of buildings and large constructions remotely and sustainably, avoiding battery recharging or even replacing them. These are the challenges in micro energy harvesting from (local) ambient sources. Kinetic, thermal and solar energies are ubiquitous at our surroundings under diverse forms, but their relatively low intensity and intermittent availability limit their potential recovery by microscale devices. These restrictions call for multi-source energy harvesters working under two principles: 1) combining different single-source harvesters in one device, or 2) using multifunctional materials capable of simultaneously converting various energy sources into electricity. In 1), efficiency per unit volume can decrease compared to the individual counterparts; in 2), materials as semiconductors, polymeric and oxide ferroelectrics and hybrid perovskites may act as multisource harvesters but huge advances are required to optimize their functionalities and sustainable fabrication at large scale. I propose to fill the gap between these approaches offering an all-in-one solution to multisource energy scavenging, based on the nanoscale design of multifunctional three-dimensional materials. The demonstration of an industrially scalable one-reactor plasma/vacuum method will be crucial to integrate hybrid-scavenging components and to provide 3DScavengers materials with tailored microstructure-enhanced performance. My ultimate goal is to build nanoarchitectures for simultaneous and enhanced individual scavenging applying photovoltaic, piezo- and pyro-electric effects, minimizing the environmental cost of their synthesis
Imagine a technology for powering your smart devices by recovering energy from lights in your office, the random movements of your body while reading these lines or from small changes in temperature when you breathe or go out for a walk. This very technology will provide energy for wireless sensor networks monitoring the air in your city or the structural stability of buildings and large constructions remotely and sustainably, avoiding battery recharging or even replacing them. These are the challenges in micro energy harvesting from (local) ambient sources. Kinetic, thermal and solar energies are ubiquitous at our surroundings under diverse forms, but their relatively low intensity and intermittent availability limit their potential recovery by microscale devices. These restrictions call for multi-source energy harvesters working under two principles: 1) combining different single-source harvesters in one device, or 2) using multifunctional materials capable of simultaneously converting various energy sources into electricity. In 1), efficiency per unit volume can decrease compared to the individual counterparts; in 2), materials as semiconductors, polymeric and oxide ferroelectrics and hybrid perovskites may act as multisource harvesters but huge advances are required to optimize their functionalities and sustainable fabrication at large scale. I propose to fill the gap between these approaches offering an all-in-one solution to multisource energy scavenging, based on the nanoscale design of multifunctional three-dimensional materials. The demonstration of an industrially scalable one-reactor plasma/vacuum method will be crucial to integrate hybrid-scavenging components and to provide 3DScavengers materials with tailored microstructure-enhanced performance. My ultimate goal is to build nanoarchitectures for simultaneous and enhanced individual scavenging applying photovoltaic, piezo- and pyro-electric effects, minimizing the environmental cost of their synthesis
Project acronym 4SUNS
Project 4-Colours/2-Junctions of III-V semiconductors on Si to use in electronics devices and solar cells
Researcher (PI) María Nair LOPEZ MARTINEZ
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE MADRID
Summary It was early predicted by M. Green and coeval colleagues that dividing the solar spectrum into narrow ranges of colours is the most efficient manner to convert solar energy into electrical power. Multijunction solar cells are the current solution to this challenge, which have reached over 30% conversion efficiencies by stacking 3 junctions together. However, the large fabrication costs and time hinders their use in everyday life. It has been shown that highly mismatched alloy (HMA) materials provide a powerful playground to achieve at least 3 different colour absorption regions that enable optimised energy conversion with just one junction. Combining HMA-based junctions with standard Silicon solar cells will rocket solar conversion efficiency at a reduced price. To turn this ambition into marketable devices, several efforts are still needed and few challenges must be overcome. 4SUNS is a revolutionary approach for the development of HMA materials on Silicon technology, which will bring highly efficient multi-colour solar cells costs below current multijunction devices. The project will develop the technology of HMA materials on Silicon via material synthesis opening a new technology for the future. The understanding and optimization of highly mismatched alloy materials-using GaAsNP alloy- will provide building blocks for the fabrication of laboratory-size 4-colours/2-junctions solar cells. Using a molecular beam epitaxy system, 4SUNS will grow 4-colours/2-junctions structure as well as it will manufacture the final devices. Structural and optoelectronic characterizations will carry out to determine the quality of the materials and the solar cells characteristic to obtain a competitive product. These new solar cells are competitive products to breakthrough on the solar energy sector solar cells and allowing Europe to take leadership on high efficiency solar cells.
It was early predicted by M. Green and coeval colleagues that dividing the solar spectrum into narrow ranges of colours is the most efficient manner to convert solar energy into electrical power. Multijunction solar cells are the current solution to this challenge, which have reached over 30% conversion efficiencies by stacking 3 junctions together. However, the large fabrication costs and time hinders their use in everyday life. It has been shown that highly mismatched alloy (HMA) materials provide a powerful playground to achieve at least 3 different colour absorption regions that enable optimised energy conversion with just one junction. Combining HMA-based junctions with standard Silicon solar cells will rocket solar conversion efficiency at a reduced price. To turn this ambition into marketable devices, several efforts are still needed and few challenges must be overcome. 4SUNS is a revolutionary approach for the development of HMA materials on Silicon technology, which will bring highly efficient multi-colour solar cells costs below current multijunction devices. The project will develop the technology of HMA materials on Silicon via material synthesis opening a new technology for the future. The understanding and optimization of highly mismatched alloy materials-using GaAsNP alloy- will provide building blocks for the fabrication of laboratory-size 4-colours/2-junctions solar cells. Using a molecular beam epitaxy system, 4SUNS will grow 4-colours/2-junctions structure as well as it will manufacture the final devices. Structural and optoelectronic characterizations will carry out to determine the quality of the materials and the solar cells characteristic to obtain a competitive product. These new solar cells are competitive products to breakthrough on the solar energy sector solar cells and allowing Europe to take leadership on high efficiency solar cells.
Project acronym ANIMETRICS
Project Measurement-Based Modeling and Animation of Complex Mechanical Phenomena
Researcher (PI) Miguel Angel Otaduy Tristan
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSIDAD REY JUAN CARLOS
Summary Computer animation has traditionally been associated with applications in virtual-reality-based training, video games or feature films. However, interactive animation is gaining relevance in a more general scope, as a tool for early-stage analysis, design and planning in many applications in science and engineering. The user can get quick and visual feedback of the results, and then proceed by refining the experiments or designs. Potential applications include nanodesign, e-commerce or tactile telecommunication, but they also reach as far as, e.g., the analysis of ecological, climate, biological or physiological processes. The application of computer animation is extremely limited in comparison to its potential outreach due to a trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency. Such trade-off is induced by inherent complexity sources such as nonlinear or anisotropic behaviors, heterogeneous properties, or high dynamic ranges of effects. The Animetrics project proposes a modeling and animation methodology, which consists of a multi-scale decomposition of complex processes, the description of the process at each scale through combination of simple local models, and fitting the parameters of those local models using large amounts of data from example effects. The modeling and animation methodology will be explored on specific problems arising in complex mechanical phenomena, including viscoelasticity of solids and thin shells, multi-body contact, granular and liquid flow, and fracture of solids.
Computer animation has traditionally been associated with applications in virtual-reality-based training, video games or feature films. However, interactive animation is gaining relevance in a more general scope, as a tool for early-stage analysis, design and planning in many applications in science and engineering. The user can get quick and visual feedback of the results, and then proceed by refining the experiments or designs. Potential applications include nanodesign, e-commerce or tactile telecommunication, but they also reach as far as, e.g., the analysis of ecological, climate, biological or physiological processes. The application of computer animation is extremely limited in comparison to its potential outreach due to a trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency. Such trade-off is induced by inherent complexity sources such as nonlinear or anisotropic behaviors, heterogeneous properties, or high dynamic ranges of effects. The Animetrics project proposes a modeling and animation methodology, which consists of a multi-scale decomposition of complex processes, the description of the process at each scale through combination of simple local models, and fitting the parameters of those local models using large amounts of data from example effects. The modeling and animation methodology will be explored on specific problems arising in complex mechanical phenomena, including viscoelasticity of solids and thin shells, multi-body contact, granular and liquid flow, and fracture of solids.
Project acronym APACHE
Project Atmospheric Pressure plAsma meets biomaterials for bone Cancer HEaling
Researcher (PI) Cristina CANAL BARNILS
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITAT POLITECNICA DE CATALUNYA
Summary Cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (APP) have been reported to selectively kill cancer cells without damaging the surrounding tissues. Studies have been conducted on a variety of cancer types but to the best of our knowledge not on any kind of bone cancer. Treatment options for bone cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, etc. and may involve the use of bone grafting biomaterials to replace the surgically removed bone. APACHE brings a totally different and ground-breaking approach in the design of a novel therapy for bone cancer by taking advantage of the active species generated by APP in combination with biomaterials to deliver the active species locally in the diseased site. The feasibility of this approach is rooted in the evidence that the cellular effects of APP appear to strongly involve the suite of reactive species created by plasmas, which can be derived from a) direct treatment of the malignant cells by APP or b) indirect treatment of the liquid media by APP which is then put in contact with the cancer cells. In APACHE we aim to investigate the fundamentals involved in the lethal effects of cold plasmas on bone cancer cells, and to develop improved bone cancer therapies. To achieve this we will take advantage of the highly reactive species generated by APP in the liquid media, which we will use in an incremental strategy: i) to investigate the effects of APP treated liquid on bone cancer cells, ii) to evaluate the potential of combining APP treated liquid in a hydrogel vehicle with/wo CaP biomaterials and iii) to ascertain the potential three directional interactions between APP reactive species in liquid medium with biomaterials and with chemotherapeutic drugs. The methodological approach will involve an interdisciplinary team, dealing with plasma diagnostics in gas and liquid media; with cell biology and the effects of APP treated with bone tumor cells and its combination with biomaterials and/or with anticancer drugs.
Cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (APP) have been reported to selectively kill cancer cells without damaging the surrounding tissues. Studies have been conducted on a variety of cancer types but to the best of our knowledge not on any kind of bone cancer. Treatment options for bone cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, etc. and may involve the use of bone grafting biomaterials to replace the surgically removed bone. APACHE brings a totally different and ground-breaking approach in the design of a novel therapy for bone cancer by taking advantage of the active species generated by APP in combination with biomaterials to deliver the active species locally in the diseased site. The feasibility of this approach is rooted in the evidence that the cellular effects of APP appear to strongly involve the suite of reactive species created by plasmas, which can be derived from a) direct treatment of the malignant cells by APP or b) indirect treatment of the liquid media by APP which is then put in contact with the cancer cells. In APACHE we aim to investigate the fundamentals involved in the lethal effects of cold plasmas on bone cancer cells, and to develop improved bone cancer therapies. To achieve this we will take advantage of the highly reactive species generated by APP in the liquid media, which we will use in an incremental strategy: i) to investigate the effects of APP treated liquid on bone cancer cells, ii) to evaluate the potential of combining APP treated liquid in a hydrogel vehicle with/wo CaP biomaterials and iii) to ascertain the potential three directional interactions between APP reactive species in liquid medium with biomaterials and with chemotherapeutic drugs. The methodological approach will involve an interdisciplinary team, dealing with plasma diagnostics in gas and liquid media; with cell biology and the effects of APP treated with bone tumor cells and its combination with biomaterials and/or with anticancer drugs.
Project acronym ARMOS
Project Advanced multifunctional Reactors for green Mobility and Solar fuels
Researcher (PI) Athanasios Konstandopoulos
Host Institution (HI) ETHNIKO KENTRO EREVNAS KAI TECHNOLOGIKIS ANAPTYXIS
Summary Green Mobility requires an integrated approach to the chain fuel/engine/emissions. The present project aims at ground breaking advances in the area of Green Mobility by (a) enabling the production of affordable, carbon-neutral, clean, solar fuels using exclusively renewable/recyclable raw materials, namely solar energy, water and captured Carbon Dioxide from combustion power plants (b) developing a highly compact, multifunctional reactor, able to eliminate gaseous and particulate emissions from the exhaust of engines operated on such clean fuels. The overall research approach will be based on material science, engineering and simulation technology developed by the PI over the past 20 years in the area of Diesel Emission Control Reactors, which will be further extended and cross-fertilized in the area of Solar Thermochemical Reactors, an emerging discipline of high importance for sustainable development, where the PI's research group has already made significant contributions, and received the 2006 European Commission's Descartes Prize for the development of the first ever solar reactor, holding the potential to produce on a large scale, pure renewable Hydrogen from the thermochemical splitting of water, also known as the HYDROSOL technology.
Green Mobility requires an integrated approach to the chain fuel/engine/emissions. The present project aims at ground breaking advances in the area of Green Mobility by (a) enabling the production of affordable, carbon-neutral, clean, solar fuels using exclusively renewable/recyclable raw materials, namely solar energy, water and captured Carbon Dioxide from combustion power plants (b) developing a highly compact, multifunctional reactor, able to eliminate gaseous and particulate emissions from the exhaust of engines operated on such clean fuels. The overall research approach will be based on material science, engineering and simulation technology developed by the PI over the past 20 years in the area of Diesel Emission Control Reactors, which will be further extended and cross-fertilized in the area of Solar Thermochemical Reactors, an emerging discipline of high importance for sustainable development, where the PI's research group has already made significant contributions, and received the 2006 European Commission's Descartes Prize for the development of the first ever solar reactor, holding the potential to produce on a large scale, pure renewable Hydrogen from the thermochemical splitting of water, also known as the HYDROSOL technology.
Project acronym AUTAR
Project A Unified Theory of Algorithmic Relaxations
Researcher (PI) Albert Atserias Peri
Summary For a large family of computational problems collectively known as constrained optimization and satisfaction problems (CSPs), four decades of research in algorithms and computational complexity have led to a theory that tries to classify them as algorithmically tractable vs. intractable, i.e. polynomial-time solvable vs. NP-hard. However, there remains an important gap in our knowledge in that many CSPs of interest resist classification by this theory. Some such problems of practical relevance include fundamental partition problems in graph theory, isomorphism problems in combinatorics, and strategy-design problems in mathematical game theory. To tackle this gap in our knowledge, the research of the last decade has been driven either by finding hard instances for algorithms that solve tighter and tighter relaxations of the original problem, or by formulating new hardness-hypotheses that are stronger but admittedly less robust than NP-hardness. The ultimate goal of this project is closing the gap between the partial progress that these approaches represent and the original classification project into tractable vs. intractable problems. Our thesis is that the field has reached a point where, in many cases of interest, the analysis of the current candidate algorithms that appear to solve all instances could suffice to classify the problem one way or the other, without the need for alternative hardness-hypotheses. The novelty in our approach is a program to develop our recent discovery that, in some cases of interest, two methods from different areas match in strength: indistinguishability pebble games from mathematical logic, and hierarchies of convex relaxations from mathematical programming. Thus, we aim at making significant advances in the status of important algorithmic problems by looking for a general theory that unifies and goes beyond the current understanding of its components.
For a large family of computational problems collectively known as constrained optimization and satisfaction problems (CSPs), four decades of research in algorithms and computational complexity have led to a theory that tries to classify them as algorithmically tractable vs. intractable, i.e. polynomial-time solvable vs. NP-hard. However, there remains an important gap in our knowledge in that many CSPs of interest resist classification by this theory. Some such problems of practical relevance include fundamental partition problems in graph theory, isomorphism problems in combinatorics, and strategy-design problems in mathematical game theory. To tackle this gap in our knowledge, the research of the last decade has been driven either by finding hard instances for algorithms that solve tighter and tighter relaxations of the original problem, or by formulating new hardness-hypotheses that are stronger but admittedly less robust than NP-hardness. The ultimate goal of this project is closing the gap between the partial progress that these approaches represent and the original classification project into tractable vs. intractable problems. Our thesis is that the field has reached a point where, in many cases of interest, the analysis of the current candidate algorithms that appear to solve all instances could suffice to classify the problem one way or the other, without the need for alternative hardness-hypotheses. The novelty in our approach is a program to develop our recent discovery that, in some cases of interest, two methods from different areas match in strength: indistinguishability pebble games from mathematical logic, and hierarchies of convex relaxations from mathematical programming. Thus, we aim at making significant advances in the status of important algorithmic problems by looking for a general theory that unifies and goes beyond the current understanding of its components.
Project acronym BETTERSENSE
Project Nanodevice Engineering for a Better Chemical Gas Sensing Technology
Researcher (PI) Juan Daniel Prades Garcia
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA
Summary BetterSense aims to solve the two main problems in current gas sensor technologies: the high power consumption and the poor selectivity. For the former, we propose a radically new approach: to integrate the sensing components and the energy sources intimately, at the nanoscale, in order to achieve a new kind of sensor concept featuring zero power consumption. For the latter, we will mimic the biological receptors designing a kit of gas-specific molecular organic functionalizations to reach ultra-high gas selectivity figures, comparable to those of biological processes. Both cutting-edge concepts will be developed in parallel an integrated together to render a totally new gas sensing technology that surpasses the state-of-the-art. As a matter of fact, the project will enable, for the first time, the integration of gas detectors in energetically autonomous sensors networks. Additionally, BetterSense will provide an integral solution to the gas sensing challenge by producing a full set of gas-specific sensors over the same platform to ease their integration in multi-analyte systems. Moreover, the project approach will certainly open opportunities in adjacent fields in which power consumption, specificity and nano/micro integration are a concern, such as liquid chemical and biological sensing. In spite of the promising evidences that demonstrate the feasibility of this proposal, there are still many scientific and technological issues to solve, most of them in the edge of what is known and what is possible today in nano-fabrication and nano/micro integration. For this reason, BetterSense also aims to contribute to the global challenge of making nanodevices compatible with scalable, cost-effective, microelectronic technologies. For all this, addressing this challenging proposal in full requires a funding scheme compatible with a high-risk/high-gain vision to finance the full dedication of a highly motivated research team with multidisciplinary skill
BetterSense aims to solve the two main problems in current gas sensor technologies: the high power consumption and the poor selectivity. For the former, we propose a radically new approach: to integrate the sensing components and the energy sources intimately, at the nanoscale, in order to achieve a new kind of sensor concept featuring zero power consumption. For the latter, we will mimic the biological receptors designing a kit of gas-specific molecular organic functionalizations to reach ultra-high gas selectivity figures, comparable to those of biological processes. Both cutting-edge concepts will be developed in parallel an integrated together to render a totally new gas sensing technology that surpasses the state-of-the-art. As a matter of fact, the project will enable, for the first time, the integration of gas detectors in energetically autonomous sensors networks. Additionally, BetterSense will provide an integral solution to the gas sensing challenge by producing a full set of gas-specific sensors over the same platform to ease their integration in multi-analyte systems. Moreover, the project approach will certainly open opportunities in adjacent fields in which power consumption, specificity and nano/micro integration are a concern, such as liquid chemical and biological sensing. In spite of the promising evidences that demonstrate the feasibility of this proposal, there are still many scientific and technological issues to solve, most of them in the edge of what is known and what is possible today in nano-fabrication and nano/micro integration. For this reason, BetterSense also aims to contribute to the global challenge of making nanodevices compatible with scalable, cost-effective, microelectronic technologies. For all this, addressing this challenging proposal in full requires a funding scheme compatible with a high-risk/high-gain vision to finance the full dedication of a highly motivated research team with multidisciplinary skill
Project acronym CADENCE
Project Catalytic Dual-Function Devices Against Cancer
Researcher (PI) Jesus Santamaria
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSIDAD DE ZARAGOZA
Summary Despite intense research efforts in almost every branch of the natural sciences, cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is thus remarkable that little or no therapeutic use has been made of a whole discipline, heterogeneous catalysis, which is noted for its specificity and for enabling chemical reactions in otherwise passive environments. At least in part, this could be attributed to practical difficulties: the selective delivery of a catalyst to a tumour and the remote activation of its catalytic function only after it has reached its target are highly challenging objectives. Only recently, the necessary tools to overcome these problems seem within reach. CADENCE aims for a breakthrough in cancer therapy by developing a new therapeutic concept. The central hypothesis is that a growing tumour can be treated as a special type of reactor in which reaction conditions can be tailored to achieve two objectives: i) molecules essential to tumour growth are locally depleted and ii) toxic, short-lived products are generated in situ. To implement this novel approach we will make use of core concepts of reactor engineering (kinetics, heat and mass transfer, catalyst design), as well as of ideas borrowed from other areas, mainly those of bio-orthogonal chemistry and controlled drug delivery. We will explore two different strategies (classical EPR effect and stem cells as Trojan Horses) to deliver optimized catalysts to the tumour. Once the catalysts have reached the tumour they will be remotely activated using near-infrared (NIR) light, that affords the highest penetration into body tissues. This is an ambitious project, addressing all the key steps from catalyst design to in vivo studies. Given the novel perspective provided by CADENCE, even partial success in any of the approaches to be tested would have a significant impact on the therapeutic toolbox available to treat cancer.
Despite intense research efforts in almost every branch of the natural sciences, cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is thus remarkable that little or no therapeutic use has been made of a whole discipline, heterogeneous catalysis, which is noted for its specificity and for enabling chemical reactions in otherwise passive environments. At least in part, this could be attributed to practical difficulties: the selective delivery of a catalyst to a tumour and the remote activation of its catalytic function only after it has reached its target are highly challenging objectives. Only recently, the necessary tools to overcome these problems seem within reach. CADENCE aims for a breakthrough in cancer therapy by developing a new therapeutic concept. The central hypothesis is that a growing tumour can be treated as a special type of reactor in which reaction conditions can be tailored to achieve two objectives: i) molecules essential to tumour growth are locally depleted and ii) toxic, short-lived products are generated in situ. To implement this novel approach we will make use of core concepts of reactor engineering (kinetics, heat and mass transfer, catalyst design), as well as of ideas borrowed from other areas, mainly those of bio-orthogonal chemistry and controlled drug delivery. We will explore two different strategies (classical EPR effect and stem cells as Trojan Horses) to deliver optimized catalysts to the tumour. Once the catalysts have reached the tumour they will be remotely activated using near-infrared (NIR) light, that affords the highest penetration into body tissues. This is an ambitious project, addressing all the key steps from catalyst design to in vivo studies. Given the novel perspective provided by CADENCE, even partial success in any of the approaches to be tested would have a significant impact on the therapeutic toolbox available to treat cancer.
Project acronym CAMBAT
Project Calcium and magnesium metal anode based batteries
Researcher (PI) Alexandre PONROUCH
Summary Li-ion battery is ubiquitous and has emerged as the major contender to power electric vehicles, yet Li-ion is slowly but surely reaching its limits and controversial debates on lithium supply cannot be ignored. New sustainable battery chemistries must be developed and the most appealing alternatives are to use Ca or Mg metal anodes which would bring a breakthrough in terms of energy density relying on much more abundant elements. Since Mg and Ca do not appear to be plagued by dendrite formation like Li, metal anodes could thus safely be used. While standard electrolytes forming stable passivation layers at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces enabled the success of the Li-ion technology, the migration of divalent cations through a passivation layer was thought to be impossible. Thus, all research efforts to date have been devoted to the formulation of electrolytes that do not form such layer. This approach comes with complex electrolyte, highly corrosive and with narrow electrochemical stability window leading to incompatibility with high voltage cathodes thus penalizing energy density. The applicant demonstrated that calcium can be reversibly plated and stripped through a stable passivation layer when transport properties within the electrolyte are tuned (decreasing ion pair formation). CAMBAT aims at developing new electrolytes forming stable passivation layers and allowing the migration of Ca2+ and Mg2+. Such a dramatic shift in the methodology would allow considering a completely new family of electrolytes enabling the evaluation of high voltage cathode materials that cannot be tested in the electrolytes available nowadays. 1Ah prototype cells will be assembled as proof of concept, targets for energy density and cost being ca. 300 Wh/kg and 250 $/kWh, respectively, thus doubling the energy density while dividing by at least a factor of 2 the price when compared to state of the art Li-ion batteries and having the potential for being SAFER (absence of dendrite).
Li-ion battery is ubiquitous and has emerged as the major contender to power electric vehicles, yet Li-ion is slowly but surely reaching its limits and controversial debates on lithium supply cannot be ignored. New sustainable battery chemistries must be developed and the most appealing alternatives are to use Ca or Mg metal anodes which would bring a breakthrough in terms of energy density relying on much more abundant elements. Since Mg and Ca do not appear to be plagued by dendrite formation like Li, metal anodes could thus safely be used. While standard electrolytes forming stable passivation layers at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces enabled the success of the Li-ion technology, the migration of divalent cations through a passivation layer was thought to be impossible. Thus, all research efforts to date have been devoted to the formulation of electrolytes that do not form such layer. This approach comes with complex electrolyte, highly corrosive and with narrow electrochemical stability window leading to incompatibility with high voltage cathodes thus penalizing energy density. The applicant demonstrated that calcium can be reversibly plated and stripped through a stable passivation layer when transport properties within the electrolyte are tuned (decreasing ion pair formation). CAMBAT aims at developing new electrolytes forming stable passivation layers and allowing the migration of Ca2+ and Mg2+. Such a dramatic shift in the methodology would allow considering a completely new family of electrolytes enabling the evaluation of high voltage cathode materials that cannot be tested in the electrolytes available nowadays. 1Ah prototype cells will be assembled as proof of concept, targets for energy density and cost being ca. 300 Wh/kg and 250 $/kWh, respectively, thus doubling the energy density while dividing by at least a factor of 2 the price when compared to state of the art Li-ion batteries and having the potential for being SAFER (absence of dendrite).


Last week, I highlighted the fact that the latest Press Freedom Index showcased a 13 point plunge in America's press freedom to an embarrassing #46 position in the global ranking. If the authoritarians in the Obama Administration have their way, this country is set to fall much further in next year's index.
Incredibly, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is set to roll out something called the Critical Information Needs study, which will embed government "researchers" into media organizations around the nation to make sure they are doing their job properly.
News organizations often disagree about what Americans need to know. MSNBC, for example, apparently believes that traffic in Fort Lee, N.J., is the crisis of our time. Fox News, on the other hand, chooses to cover the September 2012 attacks on the U.S. diplomatic compound in Benghazi more heavily than other networks. The American people, for their part, disagree about what they want to watch.
I have no idea what country I am living in at this point.
Should all stations follow MSNBC's example and cut away from a discussion with a former congresswoman about the National Security Agency's collection of phone records to offer live coverage of Justin Bieber's bond hearing? As a consumer of news, I have an opinion. But my opinion shouldn't matter more than anyone else's merely because I happen to work at the FCC.


text:
India's female cane cutters face child marriage and hysterectomy
Climate&Weather Wilderness&Resources
This story is the third of Climate Home News' four-part series "The human cost of sugar", supported by the Pulitzer Center.
15-year-old Meera Gaikwad*, who is six months pregnant, knows her life will change forever when she moves 100km to cut sugarcane in Karnataka this season. There is no work at her drought-prone home of Paargaon, a small village in western India's Maharashtra state.
Gaikwad told Climate Home News that she is afraid she will have to deliver her baby in a hut next to the fields, without access to medical care.
Thousands of girls like Gaikwad migrate from their villages every year to join in the sugarcane harvest from October until April. In total, more than 1.5 million workers leave their homes for the sugarcane fields.
Climate impacts, in particular heatwaves, droughts and floods, are worsening their plight. Women, some of whom are pregnant, cut and package sugarcane in temperatures of up to 46C.
In August and September, Climate Home travelled to the states of Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh, where most of India's sugarcane is grown and manufactured. Reporters found women and girls working in in dangerous conditions for up to 18 hours a day, without access to health or sanitation facilities.
Climate Home spoke to dozens of women who have had their wombs surgically removed, in the misguided belief it would help them to cope with the intensive workload.
Thousands of young girls and women migrate from Maharashtra's drought-prone Beed district each year to harvest sugarcane
Double shift
Climate change is aggravating an already dire situation for women in Maharashtra's drought-prone Beed district, where farming grinds to a halt for almost eight months due to a lack of rainfall. The region suffered from droughts in four separate years between 2010-2019, according to a government report.
Sugarcane cutting is physically demanding. Women work the fields in all weathers, they told Climate Home – and are also expected to do the heavy lifting at home.
Typically, they wake up at around 3am, two hours before the men, to fetch water and carry out domestic work before heading to the fields at 6-7am. After returning home in the evening or late at night, the women cook dinner for the family and finish off other tasks, such as cleaning and washing clothes.
"The men get some rest, but the women don't," said Arundhati Patil, executive member of Marathwada Navnirman Lokayat, an organisation working on socio-economic issues in Beed.
A 2020 study by researchers of Pune-based Symbiosis International University concluded that the working and living conditions of these women "violate basic human rights". They have to bend for hours, pick up very heavy cane bundles and mount them at risky heights, sometimes in complete darkness at night.
Inadequate healthcare
Many women, like Gaikwad, carry out this backbreaking work while pregnant. They work in all weathers right up until their delivery.
20-year-old Anisha Sharad Bhavale, from Koyal village in Maharashtra, gave birth in a hut near a sugarcane field in 2020. Her baby boy died two weeks later. The nearest hospital was 30km away.
She had borrowed 70,000 rupees ($840) from a labour contractor for her son's medical care. A week after the birth, she was back at work to start paying it off.
A teenage girl sits on a suitcase in her family's hut near the sugar fields in Beed, Maharashtra
The unsafe working conditions in the sugar fields also sometimes result in miscarriages. One of Bhavale's relatives was six weeks pregnant when she tripped and fell into a hole, which led to a miscarriage. Her husband, Sharad Bhavale, said there was no vehicle available to take her to the hospital or a nearby healthcare facility where she could have treatment.
The lack of healthcare and sanitation facilities is a major concern, Patil said. "There is no provision of medicines or doctors that can address their issues."
A 2020 report by Oxfam India said "public health facilities at the villages are inadequate to address [women's] ailments", making medical treatments "impossible", and prolonging any illnesses they suffer from.
Constant harassment
Gaikwad was married two years ago, when she was just 13. She became pregnant earlier this year. "Until we have a baby, we are considered young and poachable, even after we are married. That is why, we try to become mothers as soon as we are married — to avoid any disgrace to our family," she said.
Thousands of girls are forced to marry by their parents soon after they start having their period – between 12-15 years of age. According to social activists, parents insist on this to ensure their daughters' safety and because couples are hired more easily and earn more money in the sugarcane fields.
Thousands of young Indian girls like Meera Gaikwad* migrate from their villages every year, to work as labourers harvesting sugarcane
During their early teenage years, many girls also start working in the fields, said Mahadev Chunche, associate professor at the Kumbhalkar College of Social Work in Wardha, Maharashtra. This is partly to avoid them staying behind at labour tent camps, where parents fear they will be abused and harassed by men, he said.
"If a girl is good at cutting sugarcane, she starts getting a lot of marriage proposals. Single men are on the lookout for life partners as couples get a better advance for working in the fields," Chunche told Climate Home News. "Marriage [eligibility] is mostly dependent on a girl's skill in the field rather than her education or how she looks."
A married couple receives a higher amount as an advance for cutting sugarcane – in the range of 150,000 to 300,000 rupees ($1,800-3,600), whereas a single woman is paid 50,000 to 150,00 rupees ($600-$1,800).
Abuse goes unreported
Sexual harassment and abuse are rife in the sugar fields, the investigation revealed. More than a dozen women and girls told Climate Home, on the condition of anonymity, that they had suffered or witnessed abuse.
"When I stay back in the tent and my parents go to the sugarcane fields, sometimes men come to the hut and say bad things… and harass us. They come when they see I'm alone at home… I feel scared," a 20-year-old widow, who has one child, told Climate Home.
According to a study by Symbiosis International University in Pune, India, "physical abuse and rapes [by male contractors at the worksite] happen quite often though they are not formally reported".
Chunche spoke to more than 400 women in Maharashtra for his PhD on India's sugar labourers, seen by Climate Home News. He said that almost 80% of them told him they faced sexual harassment, were molested or raped by male sugar labourers, drivers and middlemen.
"Usually no one says anything or files a complaint," Chunche told Climate Home News. "Sometimes the pressure is from the labour contractors not to speak but the main reason is their poverty. They fear that if they report [the abuse], it will bring disrepute, they will get no more work and there will be no one to marry them."
Whenever such an incident happens, parents view it as a disgrace to the family and choose to marry their daughter off at a very young age, said Gaikwad.
In many cases, teenage girls don't complain about sexual harassment as they are scared that they will lose their chance of going to school and be forced to sit at home, she said.
The working and living conditions of women working in India's sugar fields "violate basic human rights," researchers say.
Choosing hysterectomy
Women working in the sugar industry endure daily pain, as they lift 20-40 kg sugarcane bundles on their heads, including while pregnant or suffering from menstrual cramps.
"When women work long (15-18) hours or they squat in agriculture fields or when they lift heavy weights, they can develop abdominal pain," said Himani Negi, a Delhi-based gynaecologist who runs a women's care clinic.
To escape this constant pain, many women choose to have their womb removed. The practice has been prevalent among sugar workers for years. Women in Maharashtra's Beed district were twice as likely as the state average to have had a hysterectomy, according to analysis of official data by Climate Home News.
In many villages in Ambajogai, a division of Beed district, at least 50-60 hysterectomy cases have been recorded over the past two decades, according to Patil.
Ishmala Raghu Patwade, who is in her mid-40s and has several children, told Climate Home News that she had a hysterectomy three months ago.
"My stomach was hurting. I was going through a lot of pain. My uterus had developed knots because of working in the fields. It had to be removed," she said. Other women recommended the surgery to relieve her pain.
But the operation didn't help her. Since having it, she can no longer work or lift any heavy items. As a result, the sole earner of the family now has to sit at home. Her husband Raghu used to also work in the sugarcane fields but stopped five years ago after he got severely injured working in the field.
Misinformation and complications
In 2019, a report by the Maharashtra government found that over 13,800 women (about 16% of the 82,300 surveyed) involved in harvesting sugarcane from the Beed districts had their womb removed in the last 10 years. Most of these women were in the 35-40 age group.
According to a report by the Society for Promoting Participative Ecosystem Management, one of the main reasons women choose to have surgery is to avoid losing wages when pain prevents them from working.
Dr Nitin Chate, associate professor at the Swami Ramanand Tirth Rural Government Medical College in Beed, who comes from a family of sugarcane labourers, blamed misinformation.
"Poverty and illiteracy are two devils," said Chate. "Due to poor awareness, women choose hysterectomies. After this surgery, many women face a disease called osteoporosis, which is related to weak bones."
Ishmala Raghu Patwade chose to have a hysterectomy after other women told her it would relieve her abdominal pain
Other common complications include vaginal prolapse, back pain, poor balance and urinary incontinence. "Women should be made aware that this surgery won't address their pain," said gynaecologist Negi.
Gaikwad told Climate Home it was her dream to go to university, but she has accepted her reality. "We cut sugarcane, no matter what. Whether there's sweltering heat, frigid cold, or even if the sugarcane fields are flooded with rain, we have to work in the field to cut the sugarcane. There's no other option," she said.
"Do girls like me not deserve any justice?"
*Meera Gaikwad is not the subject's real name, to protect her identity as a minor.
Reporting by Meenal Upreti, Mayank Aggarwal and Arvind Shukla. Photography by Meenal Upreti. Data visualisation by Gurman Bhatia. The Pulitzer Center supported this project with a reporting grant as part of its Your Work/Environment initiative.
The post India's female cane cutters face child marriage and hysterectomy appeared first on Climate Home News.
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Sonderbooks Book Review of
Plain Kate
by Erin Bow
Home Stand-outs Blog Gallery Info
Reviewed November 25, 2010.
Arthur A. Levine Books, Scholastic, 2010. 311 pages.
Starred Review
Sonderbooks Stand-out 2010: #3 Children's Fiction
I read this book on a flight from Virginia to California, and I was enchanted. Right from the start, the language drew me in. Here are some passages from the beginning:
Plain Kate's father, Piotr, was a wood-carver. He gave Kate a carving knife before most children might be given a spoon. She could whittle before she could walk. When she was still a child, she could carve a rose that strangers would stop to smell, a dragonfly that trout would rise to strike.
In Kate's little town of Samilae, people thought that there was magic in a knife. A person who could wield a knife well was, in their eyes, halfway to a witch. So Plain Kate was very small the first time someone spat at her and crooked their fingers.
Her father sat her down and spoke to her with great seriousness. "You are not a witch, Katerina. There is magic in the world, and some of it is wholesome, and some of it is not, but it is a thing that is in the blood, and it is not in yours.
"The foolish will always treat you badly, because they think you are not beautiful," he said, and she knew this was true. Plain Kate: She was plain as a stick, and thin as a stick, and flat as a stick. She had one eye the color of river mud and one eye the color of the river. Her nose was too long and her bones were too strong. Her father kissed her twice, once above each eyebrow. "We cannot help what fools think. But understand, it is your skill with a blade that draws this talk. If you want to give up your carving, you have my blessing."
"I will never give it up," she answered.
And he laughed and called her his Brave Star, and taught her to carve even better.
Unfortunately, Kate's father dies when she is still too young to become an apprentice. The guild sends a new carver to run his shop, and Kate ends up sleeping in the bottom drawer of her father's stall, doing carving for people who are willing to defy the guild for someone who is an expert. Also in her father's stall, she finds three kittens, and one stays with her, so she has a companion.
But then Kate meets a witch who wants her shadow. He cannot steal it -- witchcraft works on the principle of willing exchanges. But he has ways to make sure Kate will want to bargain with him. The people are already suspicious of her, so when he calls fish to her, they are suspicious. He does more magic, until the townsfolk are so convinced she is cursing the town, she knows she has to leave.
The witch takes Kate's shadow and gives her the true wish of her heart. Losing a shadow, though, is a slow process. Kate joins the Roamers, for awhile, and makes a friend. But will the Roamers keep her after they see she has no shadow? And what about the sleeping sickness that is turning up wherever she goes?
And what did the witch want with her shadow?
I loved this story. It's a fantasy not quite like any other. There's a talking cat, and I love the things he says -- always perfectly cat-like. Here's a scene with the cat, Taggle:
"Are we finished fleeing?" the cat asked, the last word swallowed by a huge yawn. He stretched forward, lengthening his back and spreading his toes, then sprang onto the wall beside her. His nose worked. "Horses," he said. "Dogs. Hrrmmmmm. Humans. Chickens. And -- ah, another cat! I must go and establish my dominance." He leapt off the wall.
Plain Kate lunged after him. "Taggle! Wait!" She snatched him out of the air by the scruff of his neck.
"Yerrrrowww!" he shouted, hanging from her hand. "The insult! The indignity!"
Kate fell to her knees and bundled the spitting cat against her chest. "Taggle!" she hissed. "Stop!"
"I shall claw you in a moment, no matter how much I like you. Let me go!" He writhed against her chest.
"Tag, you can't talk."
"I can talk," came the muffled, outraged voice. "I can also claw and bite and scra --"
"No," she interrupted. "You can't, you mustn't talk. Listen to me. They'll kill you if they hear you talk."
Kate is up against something very sinister, and she feels responsible, since her shadow is involved. But how can one girl, who doesn't have magic, stop magic powerful enough to destroy a city? And will she find a place where she belongs?
I thoroughly enjoyed this book. The author said she wrote the first chapter on a plane. Watching the plane's shadow separate and disappear gave her the idea of losing a shadow.
I'm going to call this Children's Fiction, rather than Teen Fiction, but I think either group would like this book. The themes are serious, with people dying and Plain Kate living on her own. But she is still a child, too young to be an apprentice, on her own in the big world, with only a cat for a friend.
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Denominational Delusions
Wednesday, February 6, 2013 by Andrew Apostolou | Jewish Ideas Daily » Daily Features
With synagogues closing, congregations ageing, and the non-Orthodox majority dwindling, American Jews are caught in a crisis. Yet no one is tackling the root of this problem: intermarriage.
When Prayers for Rain are Answered
Friday, January 11, 2013 by Alex Joffe | Jewish Ideas Daily » Daily Features
Israel is, in most minds, an arid land bereft of water, not cursed with its superabundance. But a look at geography and history suggests otherwise.
Not Dead Yet: The Remarkable Renaissance of Cantorial Music
Tuesday, December 25, 2012 by Allan Nadler | Jewish Ideas Daily » Daily Features
After a half-century of steady decline, two unlikely Jewish groups are reviving hazzanut.
Crossing Borders—Without Passports
Wednesday, December 19, 2012 by Moshe Sokolow | Jewish Ideas Daily » Daily Features
"Crossing Borders," a current exhibit at New York City's Jewish Museum featuring works on loan from Oxford's Bodleian Library, displays medieval Jewish manuscripts embedded in their Christian and Muslim scribal milieus.
The Real Jewish Geography
Friday, November 16, 2012 by Alex Joffe | Jewish Ideas Daily » Daily Features
A new series of high resolution maps, produced by geographer Joshua Comenetz, provide a view of American Jewish life that is seemingly familiar—but, beneath the surface, spread unevenly across the 50 states.
Thursday, October 25, 2012 by Lawrence Grossman | Jewish Ideas Daily » Daily Features
City of Promises, a new three-volume history of Jewish New York, is remarkable for the complex metamorphoses it explains—and for the 21st century transformation it doesn't mention.
I. B. Singer's Last Laugh
Monday, August 6, 2012 by David G. Roskies | Jewish Ideas Daily » Daily Features
Like millions of his fellow immigrants to America, Isaac Bashevis Singer started over. In the beginning, he was a deadly serious Polish-Yiddish writer with world-literary ambitions.
New York Jews: Growing in Numbers, Growing Apart
Thursday, July 5, 2012 by Leslie Lenkowsky | Jewish Ideas Daily » Daily Features
Ever since the first 23 Jewish settlers arrived in New Amsterdam in 1654, New York City has been the economic, cultural, religious and, not least, demographic center of Jewish life in North America.
Beef with the Butcher Nic Cavell, Dissent. In 1902, working-class Jewish women in New York rioted to enforce a boycott against price-gouging kosher butchers. A new "street musical" dramatizes their battle.
Broadway and the Jews Sarah Rodman, Boston Globe. As they say in Spamalot, "You won't succeed on Broadway if you don't have any Jews." A new documentary film emphatically agrees.
The View from the Hudson Dan Wasserman, Boston Globe. Cartoonist Saul Steinberg was a Romanian Jew, an escapee from Fascist Italy, and a man whose wry art helped define modern America.
Beer with a Back Story Editors, Jewish Ideas Daily. What happens when Israel's emerging boutique beer culture intersects with the American trend toward getting to know the food one eats? Lost Tribes Brew happens. The New York-based microbrewery produces beers based on recipes gathered from various remote communities claiming Israelite origins, like India's Bene Menashe and Ethiopia's Beta Israel.No doubt, part of this is a gimmick: in order to successfully market an odd-tasting beer brewed by a bunch of Jewish twenty-somethings in upstate New York, you need to have a good story, like one that connects your customer to real or imagined ancient Israelite foodways (note that...
A Rough Road from Bukhara to Forest Hills Steve Lipman, Jewish Week. Less prominent in New York than Jewish immigrants from Russia, Bukharian Jews form a small community in Queens. Their road to American acculturation hasn't been easy.
An Audience with Ahmadinejad David Remnick, New Yorker. "Fundamentally, we do not take seriously the threats of the Zionists."
The Endangered "New York Jew" Jack Wertheimer, Commentary. If one insists on indulging in the dubious exercise of identifying types of Jews who are "undeserving," it behooves us to ask who, in fact, is most worthy of communal support: those who are failing to raise and nurture a successor generation of Jews or those who are producing and educating enough Jewish children to make up for the indifference of the rest?
Launching Yiddish Farm Ezra Glinter, Forward. Some 50 miles northwest of Manhattan, two men aim to create an immersive Yiddish environment that is also a model of sustainable agriculture. (With video)


text:
Magnus Gren var en svensk riddare, svenskt och norskt riksråd, samt riksföreståndare i Sverige, född vid okänd tidpunkt, levde ännu 24 augusti 1475 men var död 19 juli 1480. Han var son till Sten Haraldsson (Gren), häradshövding i Österrekarne härad, och dennes hustru Cecilia Nilsdotter (Ivar Nilssons ätt). Magnus Gren anses vara en av de mest betydande bland 1400-talets svenska herrar, men har länge betraktats närmast som landsförrädare på grund av nationell propaganda och obevisade beskyllningar.

Magnus Gren nämns tidigast i källorna 1424. Han blev enligt en numera ifrågasatt uppgift riksråd senast i januari 1435. Under de oroliga åren i slutet av 1430-talet innehade han ett flertal förläningar, bland annat Nyköpings och Borgholms slottslän. Magnus blev sannolikt dubbad till riddare vid kung Kristofers kröning 14 september 1441. I februari 1442 utsåg kungen honom till sin fodermarsk och under våren blev han också kungens fogde på slottet Tre Kronor i Stockholm.

Den 11 juni 1442 erhöll Magnus Gren förordnande som interimsregent (en av fyra) under kung Kristofers vistelse utanför rikets gränser och i januari 1445 uppträdde han som riksföreståndare tillsammans med sin svåger Nils Jönsson (Oxenstierna). Därefter var han minst fyra år (1446–1450) hövitsman på Åbo slott.

Magnus Gren belägrade 1448 Visby för kung Karl Knutssons räkning men misslyckades med att bryta sig in i staden som i stället under hans tillfälliga frånvaro erövrades av hans ställföreträdare Birger Birgersson (Trolle) d.y.. Efter sin återkomst till Gotland gjorde Magnus Gren en serie allvarliga felbedömningar av läget och tvingades 31 juli 1449 förhandla sig till fri lejd från ön vid kung Kristians ankomst.

Karl Knutsson, som var mycket missnöjd med Magnus Grens insats, entledigade honom i juni 1450 som hövitsman på Åbo och återkallade förläningen. Magnus lade då beslag på två års uppbörd från slottslänet, cirka 9 000 mark penningar, och ägnade sig ett tag åt sjöröveri utanför Danzig men greps och fördes som fånge till Lübeck. Han frigavs dock snart efter intervention från kung Kristian och gick därefter över i dansk tjänst.

När stillestånd slöts mellan Danmark och Sverige 1453 stämde Karl Knutsson åtta svenskar som gått över i dansk tjänst inför riksrådsdomstol. En av dem var Magnus Gren. Ingen av de åtta hörsammade kallelsen och samtliga dömdes i sin frånvaro 15 september 1453 till döden.

Magnus Gren blev norskt riksråd vid ungefär samma tidpunkt som han dömdes "under svärdet" och ersatte samtidigt Olof Nilsson (Skanke) som hövitsman i Bergen, en post han innehade till 1455. Därefter fick han av kung Kristian uppdraget att erövra Öland, vilket han genomförde med framgång 1456. När Kristian 1457 blev kung över Sverige återinsattes Magnus Gren som svenskt riksråd. Han förblev sedan i Kristians tjänst fram till slaget vid Brunkeberg. Efter det tycks han helt enkelt ha dragit sig tillbaka från politiken och levde sina sista år i stillhet på sin sätesgård Ål (nu Grensholmen).

Magnus Grens son Ivar Gren var riksråd och innehavare av Axevalla hus och senare Älvsborg. Ivar Gren deltog i slaget vid Brunkeberg. Ivars son riksrådet Måns Gren avrättades genom halshuggning vid Stockholms blodbad år 1520.

Källor
Svenskt biografiskt lexikon, band 17.

Äldre svenska frälsesläkter, vol I:1.

Norska riksråd
Svenska riksråd
Personer i Sverige under 1400-talet
Svenska riddare
Män
Magnus
Personer i Norge under 1400-talet

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Zero Room
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ScoMo Tells Everyone To Ease Up On All The Questions As He's Still Getting Back Into The Swing Of Things After His Holiday
Published by Anonymous (not verified) on Tue, 19/01/2021 - 6:00am	in
Politics, Government, holidays, Liberals
Australian Prime Minister Scotty from Marketing has asked the media to please ease up on all the questions, especially those about his colleague Craig Kelly, as he's still trying to get back into the swing of things after his most recent holiday.
"It's good that the press is taking an interest in what I got up to during my holidays," said Prime Minister Scotty. "However, when it comes to questions about what my colleagues are up, to or what President Trump did this week. I ask you all to just give me a few months to get back into the swing of things."
"After all, it's not like I set the Nation's agenda!"
When asked why he was so hesitant to discuss his colleague Craig Kelly and his controversial social media posts, the PM said: "Whilst I was on holiday I didn't take along my phone, so I am a bit oblivious to what people are talking about on the Facebook or the old Instagram."
"Are the Kardashians still popular? What about that wacky dude from Korea? Is he still kicking it Gangham-style?"
"Now, if you'll excuse me, it's been a long day – so I might head off work early. Is Maccas still doing an all-day breakfast?"
"Nevermind, I'll call into Engadine Maccas on the way home."
Mark Williamson
@MWChatShow
You can follow The (un)Australian on twitter @TheUnOz or like us on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/theunoz.
We're also on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/theunoz
The (un)Australian Live At The Newsagency Recorded live, to purchase click here:
https://bit.ly/2y8DH68
I Hate You Leftists, Please Don't Leave Us
Published by Anonymous (not verified) on Wed, 14/10/2020 - 5:58pm	in
Democratic Party, Democrats, leftists, Liberals, progressives
The centrists and moderates who control the mainstream Democratic Party repeatedly tell progressive voters that they are not needed or wanted. But when progressives refuse to vote Democratic, they are vote-shamed.
The post I Hate You Leftists, Please Don't Leave Us first appeared on Ted Rall's Rallblog.
Barnaby Demands To Be Appointed Minister For Women Promises To Inject A Stimulus
Published by Anonymous (not verified) on Thu, 08/10/2020 - 7:57am	in
Politics, Budget, Liberals, stimulus package, Women
Former deputy Prime Minister Barnaby Joyce has demanded that the Prime Minister do something for the countries Women by appointing him, the Member for New England as the countries Minister for Women. With a promise to urgently inject a stimulus package into those in need.
"We got a lot right with the budget but in the case of Women we didn't really hit the spot," said the Member for New England. "You know my record I am definitely a Ladies man and ScoMo, you know I am a man the man for the job."
"Let me loose on the on the ladies and I'll get things moving, heck I may even raise the countries birth rate."
When asked what stimulus packages he would propose to make the lives of Women in Australia better, the Member for New England said: "If there's one thing I know it's what Women want."
"Women want a man, they want security, lovin' and I can provide all of this."
"So, Ladies if you haven't got a ring on it, call me…..heck even if you do have a ring on it get in touch so I can return the favour."
How Does the Ban on Teaching Anti-Capitalist and Extremist Materials Affect Mainstream Textbooks?
Published by Anonymous (not verified) on Wed, 30/09/2020 - 2:46am	in
anarchism, art, communism, Crime, Democracy, Economics, Education, fascism, Germany, greece, history, Islam, Judaism, Law, Liberals, Literature, Nazis, philosophy, Politics, socialism, Stage, the press, Theatre, Uncategorized, anti-semitism, atrocities, Capitalism, colleges, elections, Freedom of speech, Karl Marx, Labour Party, Margaret Thatcher, Marxism, Racism, schools, universities, War Crimes, whites
Yesterday, Gavin Williamson, the secretary of state for education, issued his departments guideline informing schools what they could not teach. This included materials from organisations determined to end capitalism, as well as anti-Semitic material, opposition to freedom of speech and which approves of illegal activity. The Labour Party's John McDonnell pointed out that this would mean that it's now illegal to teach large sections of British history and particularly that of the Labour Party, trade unions and socialism, because all these organisations at different times advocated the end of capitalism. He is, of course, right. In 1945 or thereabouts, for example, the Labour Party published an edition of the Communist Manifesto. He concluded
"This is another step in the culture war and this drift towards extreme Conservative authoritarianism is gaining pace and should worry anyone who believes that democracy requires freedom of speech and an educated populace."
The economist and former Greek finance minister, Yanis Varousfakis, who has also written a book, The Crisis of Capitalism, also commented this guidance showed how easy it was for a country to lose itself and slip surreptitiously into totalitarianism. He said
"Imagine an educational system that banned schools from enlisting into their curricula teaching resources dedicated to the writings of British writers like William Morris, Iris Murdoch, Thomas Paine even. Well, you don't have to. Boris Johnson's government has just instructed schools to do exactly that."
Quite. I wonder how the ban affects even mainstream textbooks, which included anti-capitalist or other extremist literature. For example there are any number of readers and anthologies of various political or historical writings published by perfectly mainstream publishers for school and university students. Such as the one below, Critics of Capitalism: Victorian Reactions to 'Political Economy', edited by Elisabeth Jay and Richard Jay, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 1986). This collects a variety of writings authors such as John Francis Bray, Thomas Carlyle, Marx and Engels, John Stuart Mill, John Ruskin, Matthew Arnold, Thomas Hill Green, William Morris and George Bernard Shaw. These texts obviously document and illustrate the reactions to the rise of economics as an academic subject in the 19th century, and several of the authors are titans of 19th century British culture, literature and political philosophy, like the art critic Ruskin, the socialist, writer and artist, William Morris, the playwright George Bernard Shaw, the liberal political philosophers John Stuart Mill and Thomas Hill Green, and Matthew Arnold, the headmast of Rugby, the author of Culture and Anarchy. This is quite apart from Marx and Engels and John Francis Bray, who was a socialist and follower of Robert Owen. Carlyle's now largely forgotten, but he was a philosopher and historian who was massively influential in his day.
Clearly this is an entirely respectable text from a very respectable publisher for history students. But, thanks to the government's new guidelines, you could well ask if it's now illegal to teach it in schools, thanks to its anti-capitalist contents.
The same question also applies to very respectable histories by respectable, mainstream historians and political scientists, of extremist movements and ideologies like Fascism, Nazism, Communism and anarchism. For example, one of the books I used while studying the rise of Nazism at college was D.G. Williamson's The Third Reich (Harlow: Longman 1982). It's an excellent little book published as part of their Seminar Studies in History range. These are short histories of various periods in history from King John and the Magna Carta to the origins of the Second World and the Third Reich, which include extracts from texts from the period illustrating particularly aspects and events. Williamson's book is a comprehensive history of the Nazi regime, and so includes extracts from Nazi documents like Hitler's Mein Kampf, Goebbel's diaries and as well as eyewitness account of Nazi war crimes and individual acts of heroism and resistance. It presents an objective account of Hitler's tyranny including its horrors and atrocities. There is absolutely no way it, nor other books like it, could remotely be considered pro-Nazi or presenting any kind of positive assessment of Hitler's regime.
But if schools are now forbidden from teaching anti-capitalist, anti-Semitic, racist and anti-democratic material, does this mean that they are also forbidden from using books like Williamson's, which include the writings of the Nazis themselves to show the real nature of the regime and the motivations of the men behind it. I hope not, and Owen Jones in his tweet attacking the new guidelines quotes them. From this, it should be possible to make a distinction between texts produced by extremist organisations and extracts from them in mainstream histories or editions from mainstream publishers. According to Jones' tweet, the guidelines state
Schools should not under any circumstances use resources produced by organisations that take extreme political stances on matters. This is the case even if the material is not extreme, as the use of it could imply endorsement or support of the organisation. Examples of extreme political stances, include, but are not limited to
a publicly stated desire to abolish or overthrow democracy, capitalism or end free and fair elections.
2. opposition to the right of freedom of speech, freedom of association, freedom of assembly, or freedom of religion and conscience.
3. the use or endorsement of racist, including anti-Semitic language or communications.
4. the encouragement or endorsement of illegal activity.
5. a failure to condemn illegal activities in their name or in support of their cause, particularly violent actions against people and property.
Responding to Jones' tweet, Jessica Simor QC asks this very pertinent question
Do the fourth and fifth bullet points mean that schools should not accept Government money?
I also have no doubt that the vast majority are going to be extremely careful about which organisation's materials they use because of the danger of using extremist or otherwise inappropriate material.
But I can also how sometimes it may also be necessary for schools to use such materials in order to criticise them and educate their pupils about their dangers. For example, in the 1980s the BNP or NF tried to appeal to schoolchildren by launching a comic. Other extremists have also turned up at the school gates on occasion. When I was at school in Bristol during the '81/2 race riots, a White agitator with a beard like Karl Marx's turned up outside the school entrance with a megaphone trying to get the kids to join in. We ignored him and the headmaster next day in assembly said very clearly that any child who did join the rioting would be expelled.
Nazis are also known for lying and deliberately distorting history. If some Nazi group, for example, produced a pamphlet aimed at schoolchildren and teachers found it being passed around the playground one of the actions they could take, as well as simply banning it and punishing any kid who tried to promote it, might be for a suitably qualified teacher to go through it, pointing out the deliberate lies. When Hitler himself seized power, one Austrian university lecturer embarrassed the fuhrer by showing his students how Hitler took his ideas from the cheap and grubby neo-Pagan literature published in the back streets of Vienna. One of these pamphlets claimed that the ancient Aryans had possessed radio-electric organs that gave them superpowers like telepathy. I think it was highly unlikely that anyone listening to this professor's lectures on Hitler ever came away with the idea that Hitler had some deep grasp of the essential forces of human biology and and natural selection.
I see absolutely no point to this legislation whatsoever. Teachers, parents and educators are already careful about what is taught in schools. In the past few years most incidents of this type have come from fundamentalist religious schools. These have mostly been Muslim schools, which have been caught teaching their students to hate Christians, Jews and non-Muslims, but there was also a Jewish school which became the centre of controversy for its opposition to homosexuality. In the 1980s Thatcher and the right-wing press ran scare stories about Communist teachers indoctrinating students with evil subversive subjects like peace studies. I am not aware that anyone with extreme left-wing, Communist or Trotskite views has been trying to indoctrinate children. But there are concerns about Black Lives Matter, which I have heard is a Marxist organisation. If that is the case, then the guidelines seem to be an attempt to ban the use of their materials. BLM did produce materials for a week of action in schools, which was thoroughly critiqued by Sargon of Gasbag, aka Carl Benjamin, the sage of Swindon and the man who broke UKIP. Sargon has extreme right-wing Conservative views himself, though I honestly don't believe that he is genuinely racist and his criticisms of the BLM school material was reasonable. Williamson's guidelines look like a badly thought out attempt to stop them being used without causing controversy by tackling the organisation's anti-racism or its critique of White society.
But it also marks the growing intolerance of the Tories themselves and their determination that schools should be used for the inculcation of their own doctrines, rather than objective teaching that allows children to come to their own. Way back in the 1980s Thatcher tried to purge the universities of Marxists by passing legislation making it illegal for them to hold posts in higher education. They got round it by making a subtle distinction: they claimed to be Marxian rather than Marxist. By which they argued that they had Marxist culture, but weren't actually Marxists. It's a legal sleight of hand, but it allowed them to retain their teaching posts.
These new guidelines look like an extension of such previous legislation in order to preserve capitalism from any kind of thorough critique. Even when, as the peeps Mike quotes in his article, show very clearly that it is massively failing in front of our eyes.
Schools are now for indoctrination, not education, as teaching of non-capitalist ideology is forbidden
Tony Benn on the Misrepresentation of 'Moderates' versus 'the Left' in the Labour Party
Published by Anonymous (not verified) on Mon, 28/09/2020 - 6:45pm	in
communism, Democracy, Economics, industry, Judaism, Liberals, Literature, Politics, Radio, socialism, Television, the press, trade unions, elections, Internet, Labour Party, Margaret Thatcher, Media, Nationalization, neoliberalism, Tony Benn, working class, World War II
I fond this passage, "Moderates' versus 'Left Wing' – a Misleading Description' in Tony Benn's Argument's for Democracy, edited by Chris Mullin (Harmondsworth: Penguin 1981). In it, the great man shows that its the Labour party as a whole that's moderate, and those the media describes as moderates aren't always moderate Labour, but just as likely Tories or Lib Dems. He writes
First, the uxse of the adjectives 'moderate' and 'left wing' mjerits some examination. The Labour Party, being avowedly socialist in its aims, is itself left wing and so are all its members, as compared to the Conservatives and Liberals. Moreover, the term 'moderate' is equally confusing. By any world standard of socialism, the entire Labour Party is exceptionally moderate, offering, even in its supposedly 'full-blooded' manifestos in the past, the most modest proposals for changes in the structure of wealth and power, all to be achieved firmly within the framework of parliamentary democracy, complete with regular and free general elections. The main characteristics of the 'left wing' of the party are that it may be more analytical and philosophical in its approach, and more committed to carrying through the policies agreed at conference, once they have been endorsed by the electorate and a Labour government is in power. By contrast, some of the self-proclaimed 'moderates' have ended up in other political parties. Whatever else they turned out to be, the were not moderate socialists but committed Conservatives or Liberals. Thus the labelling now in general use is not very accurate in describing the wide spread of opinion within the party, and the spirit of tolerance to be found among people of differing views. (p. 35).
Everything Benn said is right, and unfortunately as true now as it was when he wrote it nearly forty years ago. The Labour Party has always been very moderate in its approach to socialism. That's why it aroused such scorn from Lenin and the Communists, and why historically even other continental socialists, who had more moderate views, looked down upon the Labour party as something that wasn't really, or was just barely, socialist.
And we've seen that the so-called 'moderates' in the Labour party were and are anything but. They're neoliberal Thatcherites, true-blue Tories. They were caught intriguing against Jeremy Corbyn in order to prevent the Labour Party winning the 2017 and 2019 elections. In their struggles to overthrow him, some of them even appealed to Tories and Lib Dems to join constituency Labour parties. One of the intriguers was, apparently, a member of a Conservative internet group, and more extreme in his bitter hatred of Corbyn and his supporters than the real Tories. But you'll be purged as a member of the hard left and an anti-Semite if you dare mention this. It's only Corbyn and his supporters that are infiltrators.
As for Jeremy Corbyn and the Left, I've said many times before: Corbyn wasn't particularly. The policies he adopted and advocated were traditional Labour policies of a mixed economy, strong welfare state, properly nationalised NHS and strong trade unions able to protect working people. This is the social democratic consensus which governed this country from the end of the Second World War to Thatcher's election in 1979. It is not even remotely Communist or Trotskyite. But the media have bellowed and screamed that it is, and unfortunately there are too many people who believe this flagrant lie. People who have no idea what Communism is, or what Trotsky said.
Tony Benn: the greatest Labour leader and Prime Minister this country never had.
Shut Up, Boris! Even Fascists Declared They Fulfilled Individual Freedom
Published by Anonymous (not verified) on Wed, 23/09/2020 - 11:15pm	in
communism, Democracy, Economics, European Union, fascism, history, industry, Italy, Justice, Liberals, Literature, medicine, Nazis, Politics, Russia, Spain, Television, trade unions, Unemployment, Boris Johnson, brexit, David Cameron, George orwell, Margaret Thatcher, Soviet Union, Twitter
Boris Johnson was in parliament and on the box yesterday announcing his new plans to tackle the renewed rise of the Coronavirus. This includes drafting the army in to ensure the new regulations regarding social distancing are respected. His response to the question in parliament why cases in Britain were rising, while Germany and Italy were nearly normal, met with a characteristically jingoistic response: ours is a country that respects freedom. So we're back to the old jibe, that even though Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy were defeated and their evil regimes swept away 75 years ago, Germans and Italians are still authoritarians at heart. And Mike and the peeps on Twitter have also pointed out how alarming Johnson's stated intention to use call in the troops coming before a no deal Brexit that may well result in shortages, including food, unemployment and civil unrest.
See: https://voxpoliticalonline.com/2020/09/22/u-turn-again-boris-johnson-every-time-you-do-you-lose-more-credibility/
https://voxpoliticalonline.com/2020/09/22/dictator-johnson-threatens-martial-law-if-we-play-five-a-side-or-stay-in-the-pub-after-10pm/
Johnson's comments about Brits supposedly valuing their freedoms more while simultaneously declaring that he may call in the army will remind some people of the slogan 'Slavery is freedom' in Orwell's 1984. Orwell's great warning of the danger of totalitarianism came from his experiences with Stalinist Communists while fighting for the Republicans against Franco in Spain. But Mussolini's Fascists themselves also claimed that their system also granted the individual freedom and fulfilment.
Mussolini himself was very firmly authoritarian, championing the total state and condemning liberalism and individualism for undermining society and the nation. But the Fascist ideologue, Ugo Spirito, argued that Fascism's corporative state offered the individual instead true freedom against the false promises of liberalism. People realised their full potential in society through collaboration, including in industry, as well as trade unions and society generally. It was these collective institutions that allowed people to follow the trades and occupations they desired, whether it was he thinking in his study, or the town butcher. An absolute stress on individualism led to humans living in a state of nature, and having to do everything themselves and so denied the ability to follow their true callings or rise any higher in civilisation.
He concluded of this
Laissez-faire liberalism proclaims freedom of thought and of action, free competition, private enterprise, and, above all, the sacred and inviolable character of private property. But it ends up realizing, more or less consciously, that these don't add up to genuine freedom. Freedom is founded upon collaboration, that is, upon a choice of social goals and the social discipline required to achieve them.
From: 'Corporativism as Absolute Liberalism and Absolute Socialism', Ugo Spirito, in Jeffrey T. Schnapp, ed. A Primer of Italian Fascism (University of Nebraska Press 2000), p. 144.
The Fascists praised and protected private property and declared that private industry was at their heart of their economic system. Spirito himself goes onto attack the idea of an omniscient state as the ultimate destroyer of human freedom.
Let us assume it were possible (through improved organization) for the state to attain true knowledge of even the smallest, most remote events. This knowledge would still not be readily translatable into leadership and discipline of a spiritual sort. It would remain abstract because outside known reality; it would generate laws that correspond only to the knower's will. The state would still function as a bureaucracy, setting goals for the entire nation and, therefore, reducing the nation to a kind of mechanical instrument. The organism's life would be that of a machine: to each man an assigned place, to each worker an imposed job, all according to the scheme's rigid necessity. Each individual would be a cog lost in the overall machinery. Freedom, personality, and individual enterprise would become meaningless terms. The hoped-for social justice would translate into a general levelling, and the individual would vanish in the eyes of the state.
He went on to state
Corporativism replies to liberalism by confirming that every person's individual freedom is sacred. Corporativism proclaims itself antiliberal only because the individual under liberalism is not a true individual, nor is his will truly free. It points to the fact that liberalism ends up denying individuals the very rights that it purports to defend. Corporativism's antiliberalism is thus not meant to deny or to curtail freedoms. Rather, it aims to strengthen them as much as possible and to achieve liberalism's highest aim. (p. 150).
In fact, as any fule no, Mussolini's Fascists regime was a brutal dictatorship, where the individual was very much subordinated to the state, regardless what Fascism's supporters and ideologues said to the contrary.
Boris, however, still talks the language of classical liberalism and the Tories are still very much permeated by Thatcher's attack on society: 'There is no society. There is only people'. Which very much reveals the atomisation at the heart of classical the classical liberal idea of individualism which the Fascists condemned.
But Boris and the Tories are still moving towards a very authoritarian, totalitarian state. David Cameron passed legislation providing for secret courts, Dominic Cummings has pushed the idea of identity cards and Suella Braverman and Priti Patel have both shown they either don't understand, or just don't recognise, the independence of the judiciary and the civil service.
The Tories claim to celebrate individual freedom, but their moving in the same direction as Fascism. And Fascists like Spirito defended their ideology by claiming it protected individual freedom, even if those arguments are directly opposed to those marshalled by Tories like Boris.
Boris has always been an authoritarian, so don't be taken in by any of his claims that he's protecting British freedoms. He isn't. He's destroying them. And remember: even Soviet Russia had constitutions claiming that individuals and their freedom were respected there.
Quote from Liberal Leader Arthur Balfour Describing Boris
Published by Anonymous (not verified) on Tue, 22/09/2020 - 5:47pm	in
Israel, Judaism, Liberals, Literature, Politics, Russia, Uncategorized, Boris Johnson, ethnic cleansing, Jews, Palestine, Palestinians, pensions
Yes, I know this is another ad hominem attack on the character of our great and beloved P.M (Performing Monkey). But like the Russian prison camp slang, it appears to suit him. Arthur Balfour was one of leaders of the British Liberal party just before and during the First World War. He's credited with passing the old age pensions act which laid the foundations of the British welfare state. More dubiously, it was his infamous declaration in 1917 that committed Britain to a Jewish state in Palestine. This led to the foundation of Israel and its 70 year long campaign of oppression and ethnic cleansing against the Palestinians.
I found this quote in Peter Vansittart's book Voices: 1870 – 1914). It's how Balfour described an unknown enemy. 'If he had a few more brains he'd be a halfwit'.
Quite – and so true of our current PM.
Barilaro Demands That Gladys Let Him Kill A Koala Or He'll Piss On The Floor Of Parliament
Politics, Labor, Liberals
NSW's deputy Premier John Barilaro has threatened to piss all over the floor of NSW Parliament unless the Premier, who he is allegedly a part of a coalition Government still in coalition government with, allows him and his Nationals colleagues to kill a koala (or 20).
"I don't think it's too much to ask – to be allowed to strangle a koala or five after a hard day out on the farm," said the Deputy Premier. "The Inner City latte-sipping elites wouldn't understand what it's like to have to work hard for a living. We need our stress relief!"
"So, I say to the Premier – give me what I want, or I will piss all over the floor."
When asked why he and his colleagues wished to kill koalas, the Deputy Premier said: "Gotta kill something!"
"But seriously, why shouldn't I be allowed to kill what's on my land?"
"Koalas, snakes, weeds, vegans … if they step on my land, I should be allowed to shoot them."
"Now, if you'll excuse me, it's morning tea time and I need to let Gladys know that I want all the Tim Tams, otherwise I'll blow up the Government."
Premier Berejiklian could not be reached for comment as she was busy doing her actual job of dealing with a pandemic.
Trump and Biden: Equally Awful
Blog, Columns, afghanistan, Donald Trump, Iraq, Joe Biden, Liberals, progressives, Venezuela, War
Front and center in the raging debate among liberals and progressives over whether they should support Joe Biden or opt out of the two-party trap by voting third-party or not at all is the assumption that Biden would do less harm both to the world and to American leftism than Trump.
Even many hard-core Bernie-or-Busters accept the premise that Biden wouldn't be as bad as Trump. They believe the additional damage that would result from a second Trump administration is an acceptable price for teaching the DNC a lesson and building a progressive movement.
But it's not true that Biden wins the harm mitigation sweepstakes.
For every respect in which Biden would be better than Trump—or less awful—there is a compelling counterfactual that carries equal or greater weight.
If Trump wins, for example, we can count on his uniquely toxic combination of anti-science propaganda and organizational ineptitude to unnecessarily prolong and increase the body count of COVID-19. The WHO says that millions could die in the dreaded second wave; a disproportionately high number of those people could be Americans. Let's guesstimate half a million dead here in the U.S.?
The net cost of Trump is equal to the total number of deaths here under his second term, minus the number that would occur under Biden. Since Biden can't do anything about the pandemic until late January when he takes office and herd immunity appears to be closer than we previously believed, whether a ridiculously incompetent Trump or a refreshingly competent Biden is president after January probably doesn't make a big difference. There's a chance we have seen the worst of COVID-19. Still, it's fair to say that thousands more Americans will succumb to the coronavirus under Trump and Biden.
On the other hand, Biden is likelier to start wars than Trump and Trump is likelier to end them. Biden voted to bomb Bosnia and invade Afghanistan. He was a big cheerleader and enabler for the Iraq war. Currently he's threatening to start a hot war with Venezuela and new cold wars against China and Russia. He also promises to keep increasing the defense budget. Donald Trump was the first American president in decades to directly negotiate with the Taliban, with whom he signed a peace agreement to bring home all American troops from our longest war.
When we assess which candidate would do the most harm, even the breathtakingly disgusting body count from COVID-19 doesn't come close to the over 1 million people who died in the Iraq war alone. Will Biden go to war against Iran? North Korea? Anything is possible. Biden's record is clear; he is an extremely dangerous man. And even if you don't care about all the brown people he would kill as president, remember 9/11. Our wars come to our shores sometimes.
Despite the usual election year hysteria, there is no daylight between Trump and Biden on most major issues. Neither old white man promises to restore the $600 a week supplemental unemployment insurance. Neither is in favor of the Green New Deal. Neither wants student loan forgiveness. Neither would sign Medicare For All. Both prioritize corporations over individual citizens. Neither would significantly liberalize immigration policy.
Even on the issue of the year, police violence, Trump and Biden are competing to see which one is more palatable to the Blue Lives Matter crowd. "You know me," Biden assured the far right in a recent speech, referencing his authorship of the notorious mass incarceration crime bill and the USA-Patriot Act that destroyed fundamental privacy rights. "You know my heart, and you know my story, my family's story. Ask yourself: Do I look to you like a radical socialist with a soft spot for rioters? Really?" When someone tells you they are an authoritarian, believe them.
The real difference between Joe Biden and Donald Trump has nothing to do with policy. No matter which evil man wins, we are in for a lousy four years.
This election comes down to personality. How do you like your monsters? Obnoxious and buffoonish? Or polite and affable? I prefer truth in advertising: Americans are up in arms about crappy American policies precisely because Donald Trump puts an appropriately nasty face on them.
(Ted Rall (Twitter: @tedrall), the political cartoonist, columnist and graphic novelist, is the author of the biography "Political Suicide: The Fight for the Soul of the Democratic Party." You can support Ted's hard-hitting political cartoons and columns and see his work first by sponsoring his work on Patreon.)
Liberal Vote-Shaming Explained
corporate, Democratic Party, duopoly, Liberals, progressives, Third Party
Normally political parties try to attract constituencies but Democrats have an unusual approach to try to get progressives on board with their decidedly corporate centrist candidates this year: yell at them and call them names.
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