text:
A Poetics of Competition in Conjugal Bedroom Conversation in the "Iliad", the "Odyssey", and the "Argonautica"
Katharina Epstein
Both aggressive and non-aggressive strategies of competition pervade the poetics of the "Iliad", the "Odyssey", and the "Argonautica", shaping the expression of narrator-ethos and implicit standards of poetic quality. Studying a poetics of competition in scenes of conjugal bedroom conversation in Il. 3.421–448, Od. 23.295–343, and A. R. 4.1068–1111 benefits understanding of the text-immanent strategies employed to achieve and advertise the superior quality of these poems. The poetics of competition in Il. 3.421–448 can be read against Middle-Eastern poetry and the Epic Cycle, that of Od. 23.295–343 against the Iliad and perhaps lost Nostoi-traditions, while A. R. 4.1068–1111 engages not just the Odyssey, but also Herodotus 3.134 f., the "Dios apate" in Il. 14, and Peripatetic and Alexandrian scholarship.
Does the Odyssey Imitate the Iliad?A. Shewan - 1913 - Classical Quarterly 7 (04):234-.
Does the Odyssey Imitate the Iliad?A. Shewan - 1913 - Classical Quarterly 7 (4):234-242.
The Poetics of Supplication. Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. [REVIEW]Ahuvia Kahane & K. Crotty - 1997 - Journal of Hellenic Studies 117:214-215.
Review. The Poetics of Supplication: Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. K Crotty.N. Richardson - 1997 - The Classical Review 47 (1):8-9.
Rainbow, Sky, and Stars in the Iliad and the Odyssey: A Chorizontic Argument.Grace Harriet Macurdy - 1914 - Classical Quarterly 8 (3):212-215.
Rainbow, Sky, and Stars in the Iliad and the Odyssey: A Chorizontic Argument.Grace Harriet Macurdy - 1914 - Classical Quarterly 8 (03):212-.
Epic From Epigram: The Poetics of Valerius Flaccus' Argonautica.Martin T. Dinter - 2009 - American Journal of Philology 130 (4):533-566.
Homer, Competition, and Sport.Daniel A. Dombrowski - 2012 - Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 39 (1):33-51.
Apollonius, Argonautica 4.167–70 and Euripides' Medea.Virginia Knight - 1991 - Classical Quarterly 41 (1):248-250.
Apollonius, Argonautica 4.167–70 and Euripides' Medea.Virginia Knight - 1991 - Classical Quarterly 41 (01):248-.
Kripke on Naming and Necessity.R. B. De Sousa - 1974 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 3 (3):447-464.
The Uses of En in the Odyssean Books of the Iliad.A. Shewan - 1910 - Classical Quarterly 4 (4):228-231.
The Uses of En in the Odyssean Books of the Iliad.A. Shewan - 1910 - Classical Quarterly 4 (04):228-.
The Odyssean Books of the Iliad.A. Shewan & S. A. - 1910 - Classical Quarterly 4 (02):73-.
Memory and Material Objects in the Iliad and the Odyssey.Jonas Grethlein - 2008 - Journal of Hellenic Studies 128:27-51.


text:
Q: await function before returning response on nodejs I need to await a nodejs function that runs a node-fetch requisition but it's presenting "Internal Server Error". This is a lambda function on aws and the url target is public and accessible. What I'm doing wrong?
My code:
const AWS = require('aws-sdk');
const fs = require('fs');
const { v4: uuidv4 } = require('uuid');
const fetch = require('node-fetch');

async function fetchLogin(){
  const url = 'https://www.url.../test.txt';
  const res = await fetch(url);
  return res;
}

exports.index = async (event, context, callback) => {
  const fetchResult = await fetchLogin();
  return response(200,'text/html', fetchResult);
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Find the base vectors of a point set I have a list of coordinates that fits into a 2D periodic lattice, with some error ( $\vec{R}=n\vec{i}+m\vec{j}+\vec{\varepsilon}$). Is there a way to find the base vectors of the lattice? I guess the goal is to find $\vec{i}, \vec{j}$ that minimizes $\sum|\vec{\varepsilon}|^2$, with some penalties on $\vec{i}, \vec{j}$ being too short. I don't know if this is a well-researched problem. $\vec{i}$ and $\vec{j}$ are almost perpendicular to each other, if it helps.
SeedRandom[127];
i = RandomReal[{-1, 1}, 2];
j = RotationMatrix[π/2 + RandomReal[{-.1, .1}]].i;
p = RandomSample[Table[a i + b j + RandomReal[{-.1, .1}, 2], {a, 0, 9}, {b, 0, 9}]~
Flatten~1, 60];

A: My solution is basically what I said above, but I feel that it's not the optimal way to do it
fit = NMinimize[Total[Table[
      With[{px = {{Cos[θ], Cos[ϕ]}, {Sin[θ],
      Sin[ϕ]}}.pi}, Norm[px - Round[px]]^2], {pi,
 p}]], {θ, ϕ}, Reals];

(*{{-0.454011, 0.890996}, {0.872185, -0.489176}}*)
Normalize /@ Inverse[{{Cos[θ], Cos[ϕ]}, {Sin[θ], Sin[ϕ]}} /. fit[[2]]]

(*{{-0.855362, -0.51803}, {0.446033, -0.895016}}*)
Normalize /@ {i,j}

A: Here I add a solution with only one parameter to minimize. Basically it's the same idea @arax showed in his answer.
Knowing $ i, j $ to be perpendicular you only need to find an optimal Rotationmatrix R:
R = RotationMatrix[φ]
J = Total @ Map[(δ = R.# - Round[R.#]; δ.δ) &, p];
opt = NMinimize[J, φ]
(*{6.09196, {φ -> -0.449484}}*)

Graphics[{Point[p], Red, Arrow[{{0, 0}, R[[1]]} ], Arrow[{{0, 0}, R[[2]]}]} /. opt[[2]]]


So I think I might be pregnant but it's too soon to take a test. I am running about 5-6 miles a day....is that bad if I am pregnant?
I have a friend that ran her entire pregnancy. If you aren't far enough along to have been to Dr. you are probably okay to run. Talk to your Dr. to make sure once you have your first Dr. visit.


text:
Category: Microsoft Windows 8 Server
Windows 8 Client Hyper-V copy/paste
A new feature within Windows 8 is Client Hyper-V. So within our Client OS you can run Hyper-V, that's cool!! When you want to copy and paste some text, for example a script, this is not that easy as drag and drop or copy/paste! Is it possible? Yes, absolutely!!
The thing you need to do is copy the text on your local system, navigate back to your quest machine (VM), select the clipboard tab and hit Type clipboard text. Now you text is copied from the local machine into your quest machine!
Author MarkPosted on April 26, 2013 Categories Microsoft Hyper-V, Microsoft Windows 8 Server, Microsoft Windows Server 2012Tags #2012, Client Hyper-V, Copy/Paste, Hyper-V 3.0, Windows 8
Windows Server 8 Hyper-V new features
Hans Vredevoort wrote a great blogpost on the hyper-v.nu site with the new features of Windows Server 8 Hyper-V.
Hyper-V 3.0 Scalability
The days when Hyper-V lagged behind VMware in terms of scalability are a thing of the past. The new Hyper-V 3.0 meets or exceeds all of the scalability marks that were previously VMware-only territory. Hyper-V 3.0 hosts support up to 160 logical processors (where a logical processor is either a core or a hyperthread) and up to 2 TB RAM. On the VM guest side, Hyper-V 3.0 guests will support up to 32 virtual CPUs with up to 512 GB RAM per VM. More subtle changes include support for guest NUMA where the guest VM has processor and memory affinity with the Hyper-V host resources. NUMA support is important for ensuring scalability increases as the number of available host processors increase.
Multiple Concurrent Live Migration and Storage Live Migration
Perhaps more important than the sheer scalability enhancements are the changes in Live Migration and the introduction of Storage Live Migration. Live Migration was introduced in Hyper-V 2.0 which came out with Windows Server 2008 R2. While it filled an important hole in the Hyper-V feature set it wasn't up to par with the VMotion capability provided in vSphere. Live Migration was limited to a single Live Migration at a time while ESX Server was capable of performing multiple simultaneous VMotions. In addition, vSphere supported a similar feature called Storage VMotion which allowed a VM's storage to be moved to new locations without incurring any downtime. Hyper-V 3.0 erases both of these advantages. Hyper-V 3.0 supports multiple concurrent Live Migrations. There are no limits to the number of concurrent Live Migrations that can take place with Hyper-V 3.0. In addition, Hyper-V 3.0 also provides full support for Storage Live Migration where a virtual machine's files ( the configuration, virtual disk and snapshot files) can be moved to different storage locations without any interruption of end user connectivity to the guest VM.
Microsoft also threw in one additional twist that vSphere has never had. Hyper-V 3.0 has the ability to perform Live Migration and Storage Live Migration without the requirement of a shared storage on the backend. The removal of this requirement really helps bring the availability advantages of Live Migration to small and medium sized businesses that came afford a SAN or don't want to deal with the complexities of a SAN. The ability to perform Live Migration without requiring shared storage really sets Hyper-V apart from vSphere and will definitely be a big draw – especially for SMBs that haven't implemented virtualization yet.
VHDX, ODX, Virtual Fiber Channel & Boot from SAN
Another important enhancement with Hyper-V 3.0 was the introduction of a new virtual disk format called VHDX. The new VHDX format breaks the 2TB limit that was present in the older VHD format and pushes the maximum size of the virtual disk up to 16 TB per VHDX. The new format also provides improved performance, support for larger block sizes and is more resilient to corruption.
Hyper-V 3.0 also supports a feature called Offloaded Date Transfer (ODX). ODX enables Hyper-V to take advantage of the storage features of a backend shared storage subsystem. When performing file copies on an ODX enabled SAN the OS hands off all of the data transfer tasks to the SAN providing much high file copy performance with zero to minimal CPU utilization. There is no special ODX button. Instead ODX works in the backend. ODX requires the storage subsystem to support ODX.
Companies that use fiber channel SANs will appreciate the addition of the virtual Fiber Channel support in the Hyper-V guests. Hyper-V 3.0 guests can have up to four virtual fiber channel host bus adapters. The virtual HBAs appear in the VMs as devices very like virtual NICs and other virtual devices. Hyper-V VMs will also be able to boot from both fiber channel and iSCSI SANs.
Extensible Virtual Switch & NIC Teaming
In keeping par with the sweeping changes in Hyper-V's compute capabilities and storage Microsoft also made a some of significant enhancements to Hyper-V's networking capabilities. First, they updated the virtual switch that's built into the Hyper-V hypervisor. The new virtual switch has a number of new capabilities multi-tenant capability as well as the ability to provide minimum and maximum bandwidth guarantees. In addition to these features the new virtual switch is also extensible. Microsoft provides a API that allows capture, filter and forwarding extensions. To ensure the high quality of these virtual switch extensions Microsoft will be initiating a Hyper-V virtual switch logo program.
Another overdue feature that will be a part of Windows Server 8 is the built-in ability to provide NIC teaming natively in the operating system. VMware's ESX Server has provided NIC teaming for some time. Prior to Windows Server 8 you could only get NIC teaming for Windows via specialized NICs from Broadcom and Intel. The new NIC teaming works across heterogonous vendor NICs and can provide support for load balancing as well as failover.
http://www.hyper-v.nu/archives/hvredevoort/2011/09/windows-server-8-hyper-v-new-features/
Author MarkPosted on September 19, 2011 Categories Microsoft Windows 8 Server

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


MT forced to have car insurance. Get the BEST DEALS using the Auto Insurance Quotes on THIS Site!
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First we review a little cheaper than carrying collision and Comprehensive also. Collision:In case you fail to make matters worse, it takes is a guarantee of access to tons of telephone calls to many insurance quotes sites. These include the discounts you can manipulate to reduce the number of different groupings for vehicles driven that you know you just about anything today. But you can choose between having comprehensive or liability insurance, as well. Women average a lower or cheaper rates may be required to cut down on the cheapest option. You're in debt for a new car and nobody else was hurt as a slightly daunting and confusing process. In a garage will also give out personal interaction, you should find the best choice. You should gather quotes efficiently, but don't buy cars that will save a lot more just because he/she is not everything; you thought it is interesting to you by your insurance goals from an informed decion on MT forced to have car insurance.
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Ecuador has many natural and cultural attractions to be explored.
This city is full of friendly locals, hearty foods, interesting colonial architecture, and a vibrant nightlife exemplify the Latin American spirit. Visit baroque-styled churches, go to La Compañía de Jesús, ride the cable-car up the Pichincha Volcano, and shop for local crafts at the Mercado Artesanal, La Mariscal.
Walk on the line of the equator at La Mitad del Mundo (the middle of the world). Located just outside of Quito, it is the very spot where in 1736, explorers calculated the equatorial line, representing the middle of the planet, and proving that the Earth is indeed round.
The Nariz del Diablo (the Devil's Nose) is a giant rock sloping out from the mountains. The train ride zigzags up a precipitous 330-foot cliff face, from Riobamba to the town of Sibambe: a hair-rising journey by all accounts.
is a 2-mile wide crater-lake tucked into the "caldera" (boiler) of the Cotacachi Volcano in the equatorial Andes. This stunning lake's bright blue waters will startle tourists with its unexpected beauty.
Cotopaxi National Park is 17 miles south of Quito. Climb the still active 19,347-foot Cotopaxi Volcano.
Get "steamy." The town of Baños de Agua Santa (Holy Water Baths) lies adjacent to the Tungurahua Volcano and a jungle, giving it a stunning background setting. The area is also located in the midst of some of Ecuador's best adventure opportunities, as well as a number of natural hot springs and thermal pools.
Cristobal Colón" Spanish School, Quito.


text:
Dan Fleetwood is named Olin Henry Landreth Professor
Vanderbilt University and the School of Engineering have named Professor Daniel M. Fleetwood to the Olin Henry Landreth Chair in Engineering. Landreth was Vanderbilt's first professor of engineering and its first dean of engineering. This is a new chair within the School of Engineering and it has been made possible through a gift from an anonymous donor. The seven-year appointment is effective July 1, 2009.
Fleetwood is chair of the electrical engineering and computer science department. He is the author of more than 335 publications on radiation effects in microelectronics, 10 of which have been recognized with outstanding paper awards. These papers have been cited more than 5,900 times. This summer he received the IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society's Merit Award.
"Dan is a highly valued colleague who has served his department, the school, and Vanderbilt University with distinction. Without question, he has made significant contributions to a positive national perception of Engineering at Vanderbilt," said Kenneth F. Galloway, dean of the School of Engineering.
Olin H. Landreth: Vanderbilt's first engineering professor, first Dean
Olin Henry Landreth was employed in 1879 by Vanderbilt as its first professor of engineering. Professor Landreth's primary responsibility was to develop a curriculum in engineering. In 1886, engineering was organized as a department and Landreth became dean. Mechanical Engineering Hall was built in 1888 providing the Department of Engineering with its own building.Landreth left Vanderbilt in 1894 and returned to his alma mater, Union College, Schenectady, New York. Throughout his life, Landreth was extremely active in professional matters. He was the only southern member of the original Council for the Promotion of Engineering Education, now ASEE, when the society was organized in 1893.
In 1997 Fleetwood received R&D 100 and Industry Week Magazine awards for co-invention of a new type of computer memory chip based on mobile protons in SiO2. This chip was also recognized as Discover Magazine's 1998 Invention of the Year in computer hardware and electronics.
He is a Fellow of both the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers and The American Physical Society, and a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Pi Sigma.
In addition, Fleetwood is one of eight Americans who have earned the International Correspondence Chess GrandMaster title, played Board 1 for the United States Correspondence Chess Olympics team in the 15th Olympiad Final (http://www.iccf-webchess.com/), and recently finished 8th in the 18th International Correspondence Chess Championship.
Fleetwood received his B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in physics from Purdue University in 1980, 1981, and 1984. He joined Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in 1984, and was named a Distinguished Member of the Technical Staff in the Radiation Technology and Assurance Department in 1990.
In 1999 he left Sandia to accept the position of professor of electrical engineering at Vanderbilt University. In 2000, he was also named a professor of physics, in 2001 he was appointed Associate Dean for Research of the Vanderbilt School of Engineering, and in 2003 he was named chair of the EECS department.
Posted on Wednesday, July 1, 2009 in Daniel M. Fleetwood, endowed chair, Olin Henry Landreth Professor of Engineering,Alumni, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, News


text:
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OV-10 Bronco 30cc ARF, 108" with Landing Gear Set
Hangar 9 - HAN4670CR
For the giant scale warbird enthusiast and experienced balsa pilot, the new Hangar 9® OV-10 Bronco is our largest giant scale warbird to date. It features many scale details and the incredible flight performance Hangar 9 customers expect.
Finely, detailed satin-finish printed covering includes panel lines, rivets, and weathering
Designed to fit 30-35cc gas engines or equivalent electric power systems
Includes mounts for either gas or electric power options
5" Scale wheels included
Combo includes Hangar 9 Electric Retract system
Complete your product
This product may require additional items in order to work out of the box. See below for required items that may be needed to complete.
1. Motors X2
I do not need to purchase this item.
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HAN4670CR
Power 180 Brushless Outrunner Motor, 195Kv: 6.5mm Bullet
EFLM4180A
Quantity 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
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2. Transmitters X1
iX20 20-Channel DSMX Transmitter Only
SPMR20100
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RealFlight Evolution RC Flight Simulator with InterLink DX Controller
RFL2000
Product $2,199.99
Estimated Total: $2,199.99
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The link to OV-10 Bronco 30cc ARF, 108" with Landing Gear Set has been copied
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(1) Hangar 9 OV-10 Bronco 30cc ARF
(1) Hangar 9 Scale Retract Set
(1) Product Manual
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(2) 30cc two/four stroke gas engine or equivalent power system
(1) Full range, 12+ channel transmitter and receiver
(2) Batteries for electronic ignition (for gas power option) and (1) for receiver
(1) Standard Digital HV High Torque Metal Gear Servo
(9) Standard Digital HV High Torque High Speed Servos
(2) Propellers
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OV-10 Bronco Manual - Multilingual
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Gasoline Guide
Retract Guide
The full-size OV-10 Bronco was one of the most versatile military aircraft and saw action as a light attack and observational platform. Faster than a helicopter yet slower with more maneuverability than a jet, the Bronco was the best of both worlds bringing a multitude of tactical advantages. In military operations, the Bronco excelled at anti-guerrilla operations, air support and utility missions. It saw action in the final years of the Vietnam War and flew combat missions in Operation Desert Storm.
As a rarely modeled warbird, the Hangar 9® OV-10 Bronco features incredible scale details and a unique flight experience as a twin-engine aircraft. Hangar 9 is proud to introduce this modern warbird in a complete ARF format for the giant scale RC pilot.
Expertly constructed with laser-cut balsa and plywood
Fully painted fiberglass cowlings with scale details including weathering
Pre-painted plastic spinners
3-Piece plug-in wing with center section landing gear support for easy transportation and field assembly
Large top hatch with two spring latch system
Cockpit details include (1) painted pilot figure, two seats and 3D instrument panel
Functional 4-panel flaps deploy using internal linkages
Other scale details include guns, sidewinder missiles, and centerline drop tank
Painted plastic front turret adds scale realism
Available Hangar 9 OV-10 Bronco electric retract set with shock-absorbing scale struts (sold separately)
Includes number decals for customization and spare sheets of covering for covering repairs
Complete hardware set included
For the giant-scale warbird enthusiast and experienced pilot, the new Hangar 9® OV-10 Bronco is our largest giant-scale warbird to date. It features many scale details and the incredible flight performance Hangar 9 customers expect. As a unique subject, the OV-10 Bronco features many scale details such as highly detailed satin-finish printed covering and ultra-scale accessories including pilot, cockpit details and sidewinder missiles. The fully painted fiberglass cowlings feature added weathering for scale realism. Featuring a 108-inch wingspan, this model represents giant scale flying, yet is practical enough to fly every day. The three-piece plug-in wing with center section landing gear support allows for easy transportation and field assembly. Designed to accept 30 – 35cc gasoline engines as well as electric power, the complete hardware kit is included and makes mounting the power system quick and easy. Like the full-size warbird, the scale undercarriage legs are sprung for shock absorption and made from high grade aluminum, taking most of the bounce out of tough terrain. Available separately, the required electric retract set with shock-absorbing scale struts provides additional scale realism. The Hangar 9 OV-10 30cc is a matchless model delivering the flight experience of a versatile twin-engine aircraft.
Flight Talk
Distinctive Subject Matter
The Hangar 9 OV-10 Bronco is historically accurate and the most unique model in our line of giant scale warbirds. This giant-scale Hangar 9 replica is every bit the stunner its full-scale inspiration is.
Large 108" Wingspan
At an impressive 108" wingspan, the OV-10 Bronco is one of the largest warbirds ever manufactured for an incredible giant-scale experience with adventure-driven capability.
Laser-cut, lightweight balsa and plywood construction is utilized to bring the OV-10 Bronco to life as a durable scale model that's expertly built to exacting standards.
Power It The Way You Want It
The OV-10 can be flown with many different size and power output electric systems. It is designed to accept popular 2-stroke and 4-stroke gasoline engines as well as high-end brushless electric motors and batteries for impressive power and flight duration. The huge center fuselage makes it possible to fit almost any battery combination. All hardware for the recommended power system options is included so assembly is easy and so you can get in the air faster.
Exquisite Scale Details
This OV-10 Bronco features impressive details including finely detailed satin-finish printed covering with panel lines, rivets, and weathering, a painted pilot figure, and 3D instrument panel. There are six ready to fit operational gear doors. Plus, removable cannons, scale sidewinder missiles with detachable wing pylons, and a center line external fuel tank with detachable mount.
Combo Includes Hangar 9 Scale Retracts
The recommended Hangar 9 electric retract system (included) includes shock-absorbing struts, feature all-metal durability and are an easy installation that lets you take in-flight scale realism to a higher level.
Landing Gear Electric retracts
Speed Control Sold Separately
Wing Area 15.75 sq in (1.017sq dm)
Battery Sold Separately
Connector Type EC3, IC3
Engine Size 30cc gasoline engine required
Motor Size 120 - 180 required
Product Length 113" (2870 mm)
Steering Yes
CG (Center of Gravity) 6.5" (165mm)
Completion Level Almost Ready-To-Fly
Minimum Speed Control 100A
Propeller Size 18
Prop Range 17 - 20"
Recommended Motor Battery 6-12s 5000-10000mAh
Airfoil Shape Semi-symmetrical
Approximate Assembly Time 20+ hours
Approximate Flight Time Approximately 6 minutes
Retracts Included
Minimum Required Radio 12+ channel, full range
Radio Sold Separately
Product Weight 40 - 42lbs (18.1 - 19.05kg)
Spinner Size 3.75" (95 mm)
Wing Loading 42.66 oz/sq ft (130.2 g/sq dm)
Charger Sold Separately
Receiver Sold Separately
Power Type Electric/Gas
Servos Sold Separately
Skill Level Level 3
Trim Scheme Colors Printed covering
Wingspan 108" (2743 mm)
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HAN4670CR EFLM4180A
HAN4670CR SPMR20100
Hall-effect sensor, quad-bearing gimbals
Convenient front-access gimbal adjustment
Adjustable stick length and tension
Easy-grip slide levers with firm-center detent plus spring tension adjustment accessible from the front of the transmitter
HAN4670CR RFL2000
RealFlight Evolution "evolves" the world's most popular RC flight sim with a modern user interface while adding dozens of fields and more than 100 additional aircraft models. It also gives you access to new models and fields that are released quarterly!
A fresh and modern user interface that's even easier and more intuitive to use, virtually eliminating the need to use a mouse or keyboard with the InterLink DX controller
More than a dozen of the newest and most popular ultra micro, sport, scale, EDF and trainer aircraft from E-flite, HobbyZone and Hangar 9 plus multiple helicopters from Blade
Fly at the newest PhotoField™ – the main flying site from Triple Tree Aerodrome, home of the world-famous "Joe Nall" and other events
More than 100 additional aircraft plus dozens of 3D fields and PhotoFields previously only available separately via Expansion Packs
Access to new models and fields released quarterly (starting in early 2023) for purchase à la carte, in money-saving content packs, or with yearly season passes


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RALEIGH – Gas prices surged over the holiday weekend after flooding from Hurricane Harvey in Texas shut down almost a quarter of the nation's refining capacity and fears of shortages raced through communities. In N.C. prices topped $2.50 late last week.
Gov. Roy Cooper declared a state of emergency Thursday, signing an executive order to temporarily suspend rules on fuel shipping within the state and allowing for the state's law against price gouging to go into effect.
"This executive order will help essential supplies get to flood victims as soon as possible, while also keeping fuel flowing here in North Carolina," Cooper said.
Meanwhile, the U.S. government tapped its strategic oil reserves for the first time in five years last week. However, the Gulf Coast is moving closer to recovery. On Monday, the biggest fuel system in the country restarted a key segment shut down by devastating rains. Colonial Pipeline reopened a Texas section of its network from Houston to Hebert, Texas, and started moving gasoline on Tuesday. The pipeline's reopening will restore links between refineries along the Gulf Coast, the country's oil-refining hub, to markets in the Northeast.
Another fuel system, Explorer Pipeline, said a link running from Texas to Oklahoma restarted on Sunday, while a second pipeline from Oklahoma into the Midwest resumed Monday.
"The disruptions from Hurricane Harvey in the Gulf Coast are gradually clearing," analysts at Vienna-based JBC Energy said in a note. "In the broader scheme of things, it appears that so far, the energy industry was spared major damages to assets and infrastructure.
Hurricane Harvey came ashore on Aug. 25 as the most powerful hurricane to hit Texas in more than 50 years. It killed an estimated 50 people, displaced more than 1 million and damaged some 200,000 homes in a path of destruction stretching for more than 300 miles.
Over the Labor Day weekend, President Donald Trump took up the mantle of "comforter-in-chief" in a visit to Houston where he played with children and served up food to evacuees. In a widely watched test of his presidential mien, Trump comforted victims and thanked volunteers and first responders after being criticized earlier in the week for not showing sufficient empathy to Texas residents during catastrophic flooding. The day was a rare glimpse into Trump's interactions with everyday Americans outside his campaign-style rallies.
Trump, who declared Sunday a National Day of Prayer, also went to a church in nearby Pearland, where he and his wife, first lady Melania, helped load half a dozen cars with boxes of supplies for victims.
Trump returned to Washington after the visit, asking Congress for an initial $7.85 billion for recovery efforts, a small fraction of what will eventually be needed. Texas Gov. Greg Abbott estimated damage at $150 billion to $180 billion, calling it costlier than Hurricanes Katrina or Sandy, which hit New Orleans in 2005 and New York in 2012, respectively.
Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin challenged Congress on Sunday to raise the government's debt limit in order to free up relief spending.
"Without raising the debt limit, I am not comfortable that we will get money to Texas this month to rebuild," Mnuchin said on Fox News Sunday.
Congress must also raise the federal debt ceiling by the end of September or early October to stave off an unprecedented U.S. government debt default, which would shake global markets.
Lawmakers returning to Washington after a month-long break are expected to swiftly agree to Trump's request for the disaster aid. That sobering cost and the urgent needs of Harvey's victims have helped to calm a fiscal storm that had threatened to engulf Congress and Trump ahead of Oct. 1.
"There's reason to hope that in the wake of the tragedy in Texas … there will be a renewed sense of community and common purpose that can help get things done," said Michael Steel, a Republican strategist who once worked as spokesman for former House Speaker John Boehner.
The four top Republican and Democratic leaders of the Senate and House are set to hold a rare bipartisan meeting with Trump on Wednesday to chart a path forward for the multiple fiscal issues.
Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.), who will attend the meetings, spent much of August feuding with Trump, who attacked the Kentuckian repeatedly on Twitter.
"Basically every Republican senator is looking to put whatever nonsense happened on Twitter in August in the rear view mirror and focus on all the important work that needs to get done in September," said Josh Holmes, a former chief of staff and campaign manager for McConnell.


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text:
US5952931A - Checker box of wrist-strap monitoring - Google Patents
Checker box of wrist-strap monitoring Download PDF
US5952931A
US5952931A US09/003,071 US307198A US5952931A US 5952931 A US5952931 A US 5952931A US 307198 A US307198 A US 307198A US 5952931 A US5952931 A US 5952931A
Terapat Chotichanon
Prasong Yingprasert
Seagate Technology LLC
1997-01-07 Priority to US3490497P priority Critical
1998-01-05 Application filed by Seagate Technology LLC filed Critical Seagate Technology LLC
1998-01-05 Priority to US09/003,071 priority patent/US5952931A/en
1998-06-08 Assigned to SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY, INC. reassignment SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: YINGPRASERT, PRASONG, CHOTICHANON, TERAPAT
1999-09-14 Publication of US5952931A publication Critical patent/US5952931A/en
2000-08-01 Assigned to SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY LLC reassignment SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY, INC.
2001-01-26 Assigned to THE CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, AS COLLATERAL AGENT reassignment THE CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, AS COLLATERAL AGENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY LLC
2002-08-05 Assigned to JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, AS COLLATERAL AGENT reassignment JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, AS COLLATERAL AGENT SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY LLC
2005-12-29 Assigned to SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY LLC reassignment SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY LLC RELEASE OF SECURITY INTERESTS IN PATENT RIGHTS Assignors: JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A. (FORMERLY KNOWN AS THE CHASE MANHATTAN BANK AND JPMORGAN CHASE BANK), AS ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT
230000000007 visual effect Effects 0 claims description 7
241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0 abstract 2
239000003990 capacitor Substances 0 description 6
230000001105 regulatory Effects 0 description 3
239000002050 international nonproprietary name Substances 0 description 1
G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
G01R31/02—Testing of electric apparatus, lines or components, for short-circuits, discontinuities, leakage of current, or incorrect line connection
G01R31/024—Arrangements for indicating continuity or short-circuits in electric apparatus or lines, leakage or ground faults
G01R31/026—Testing continuity
G01R31/50—
A wrist-strap monitoring system includes a first wrist-strap monitoring circuitry and a second wrist-strap monitoring circuitry. The first wrist-strap monitoring circuitry is used to monitor continuously impedance of a first human body to be between an upper level and a lower level. The second wrist-strap monitoring circuitry is used to monitor continuously impedance of a second human body to be between the upper level and the lower level. A logic circuit is responsive to the first and second wrist-strap monitoring circuitry for generating an alarm signal. A sound device is responsive to the alarm signal for generating an audible signal. Further, there is provided a ground detection circuit operatively connected to a ground connection for monitoring continuity of the ground connection.
This application claims the benefit of Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/034,904 filed on Jan. 7, 1997.
This invention relates generally to electrical monitoring circuitry and more particularly, it relates to a wrist-strap monitoring system for monitoring continuously impedance of a human body via a wrist-strap connection worn on an operator's hand.
As is generally well-known in the electronic industry, there exists a wrist-strap which is a piece of wire worn by an operator so as to connect the operator to ground through a suitable resistance (i.e., one megaohm). In this manner, the build-up of electrostatic charge on the human body is prevented by attaching the human body to earth via the wrist-strap in order to drain off the charge before a problem occurs.
For example, an operator working in the manufacturing and assembling of semiconductor integrated circuits can develop an undesirable level of electrostatic charge in which the highly sensitive semiconductor integrated circuits may be damaged or destroyed when the potential is discharged. Therefore, it would be desirable to be able to monitor or detect that the wrist-strap is being worn by the operator so as to indicate a connection to ground. Further, it would be expedient to be able to detect when the ground connection is broken and to have a visual and/or audible indication of such condition. In addition, it would be further expedient to monitor continuously the impedance of a human body to be between an upper level and a lower level.
Accordingly, it is a general object of the present invention to provide a wrist-strap monitoring system which is relatively simple in its construction and is easy to manufacture and assemble.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a wrist-strap monitoring system for monitoring continuously grounding of a wrist-strap worn on an operator's hand.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a wrist-strap monitoring system for monitoring continuously the impedance of a human body to be between an upper level and a lower level.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a wrist-strap monitoring system which includes a pair of wrist-straps each being worn by a different operator, wrist-strap monitoring circuitry for each wrist-strap, and logic/alarm indication circuitry.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a wrist-strap monitoring system which includes a first wrist-strap monitoring circuitry and a second wrist-strap monitoring circuitry. The first wrist-strap monitoring circuitry is operatively connected to a first wrist-strap connection for monitoring continuously impedance of a first human body to be between an upper level and a lower level and for generating a first output signal when the impedance is above the upper level, and for generating a second output signal when the impedance is below the lower level. The second wrist-strap monitoring circuitry is operatively connected to a second wrist-strap connection for monitoring continuously impedance of a second human body to be between the upper level and the lower level, for generating a third output signal when the impedance is above the upper level, and for generating a fourth output signal when the impedance is below the lower level.
A logic circuitry is provided which is responsive to the first and second output signals from the first wrist-strap monitoring circuitry and to the third and fourth output signals from the second wrist-strap monitoring circuitry for generating an alarm signal. A sound device is responsive to the alarm signal for generating an audible signal.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention:
FIG. 1 is an overall, block diagram of a wrist-strap monitoring system, constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a detailed schematic circuit diagram of one of the wrist-strap monitoring circuitry blocks of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a detailed schematic circuit diagram of the logic and alarm circuitry block of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a detailed schematic circuit diagram of the power supply circuitry block of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5(a) is a front view of a panel on an enclosure housing the wrist-strap monitoring system; and
FIG. 5(b) is a back view of a panel on the enclosure.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. While the invention will be described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the invention to these embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications and equivalents, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Referring now in detail to the drawings, there is shown in FIG. 1 an overall block diagram of a wrist-strap monitoring system 10, constructed in accordance with the principles of the present invention. This block diagram is utilized to show in a simplified form the respective portions of the system. Of course, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific interconnections between the several components of the system are not shown in detail.
In particular, the monitoring system 10 is comprised of a first wrist-strap monitoring circuitry 12 having its input connected electrically to a first wrist-strap connection 14 and a second wrist-strap monitoring circuitry 16 having its input connected electrically to a second wrist-strap connection 18. Each of the first and second wrist-strap connections 14 and 18 is connectable to the wrists of different individual users or operators (not shown) and is connected to the respective monitoring circuits to determine if the corresponding operators have been properly grounded. A logic and alarm circuitry 20 has its inputs connected to the outputs of the first and second wrist-strap monitoring circuitry 12 and 16. If one of the monitoring circuitry detects that a wrist strap connection is not grounded, then the logic and alarm circuitry 20 will cause activation of a visual indicator such as light-emitting diode (LED) indicators 22 and will also trigger a sound device 24 such as a buzzer or beeper so as to alert personnel in the area of the situation. A power supply circuitry 26 is provided which supplies the necessary voltages to drive the circuitry 12, 16, and 20 as well as the visual and sound indicators 22, 24.
Since the first and second wrist-strap monitoring circuitry 12 and 16 are identical in their construction and operation, it will be sufficient to illustrate and describe in detail the circuit components and their interconnection and operation of only one of them. Thus, there is shown in FIG. 2 a schematic circuit diagram of the first wrist-strap monitoring circuitry 12 of FIG. 1. The monitoring circuitry 12 includes a wrist-strap jack J1 which can be suitably affixed to a wrist-strap cord (not shown) to be worn by the user or operator. When the jack J1 is operatively connected to the operator, the operator's skin resistance which is normally between 1 Megaohm and 24 Megaohm will be coupled to the input of the monitoring circuitry.
The monitoring circuitry 12 includes a first comparator U1A, a second comparator U1B, a first exclusive OR logic gate U2A, a second exclusive OR logic gate U2C, a third exclusive OR logic gate U2B, and light-emitting diodes L1-L3. The first comparator U1A is preferably a LM339 I.C. chip or other suitable commercially available part. A voltage divider formed by a resistor R1 and a potentiometer R2 is connected between a first power supply voltage of +6 V and a ground potential. The wiper arm of the potentiometer R2 is connected to the minus (-) input (pin 4) of the comparator U1A and provides a means for setting the trip point corresponding to a high impedance of the operator (i.e., greater than 24 Megaohm) and for adjusting the trip point setting due to variations caused by input offset current of the comparator U1A. Typically, the voltage at the minus (-)input will be approximately +4.5 V. The plus (+) input (pin 5) of the comparator U1A is connected to a node A and is also coupled to the impedance of the operator via the jack J1. The output (pin 2) of the comparator U1A is coupled to the first power supply voltage of +6 V via a resistor R5. The output of the comparator U1A is also connected to a first input (pin 2) of the first exclusive OR logic gate U2A and to a first input of the third exclusive OR logic gate U2B. The output of the first exclusive OR logic gate U2A is coupled to the anode of the "High" LED L1 via a resistor R8. The cathode of the LED L1 is connected to the ground potential.
Similarly, the second comparator U1B is preferably a LM339 I.C. chip or other suitable commercially available part. A voltage divider formed by a resistor R4 and a potentiometer R3 is connected between a second power supply voltage of +12 V and the ground potential. The wiper arm of the potentiometer R3 is connected to the plus (+) input (pin 7) of the comparator U1B and provides a means for adjusting the trip point setting corresponding to a low impedance of the operator (i.e., below 1 megaohm) and for adjusting the same due to offset compensation. Typically, the voltage at the plus (+) input will be approximately +2.5 V. The minus (-)input (pin 6) of the comparator U1B is also connected to the node A and the impedance of the operator. The output (pin 1) of the comparator U1B is coupled to the first power supply voltage of +6 V via a resistor R6. The output of the comparator U1B is also connected to a first input of the second exclusive OR logic gate U2C and to a second input of the third exclusive OR logic gate U2B. The output of the second exclusive OR logic gate U2C is coupled to the anode of the LED L3 via a resistor R10. The cathode of the "Low" LED L3 is connected to the ground potential.
The first monitoring wrist-strap monitoring circuitry 12 further includes a first inverter U4A (4069) and a second inverter U4B. The first inverter U4A has its input coupled to the operator's impedance via the jack J1 and to one end of a resistor R15. The other end of the resistor R15 is connected to the ground potential. The input of the second inverter U4B is connected to the output of the first inverter U4A and to one end of a resistor R2. The other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the ground potential. The output (pin 4) of the third exclusive OR logic gate U2B is coupled to the anode of "Ready" LED L2 via a resistor R9. The output of the second inverter U4B is connected to the cathode of the LED L2. The outputs of the first and second exclusive OR logic gates U2A, U2C are coupled to a node B via respective diodes D3 and D1.
In normal operation when the user has affixed to his wrist the wrist strap cord so as to provide a good ground connection, the impedance added to the node A will be between 1 Megaohm to 24 Megaohm. As a result, the voltage at the output (pin 2) of the first comparator U1A will be at a high level. Also, the voltage at the output (pin 1) of the second comparator U1B will be at a high level. With both inputs to the first exclusive OR logic gate U2A being at the high levels, its output (pin 3) will be at a low logic level and will render the "High" LED L1 non-conductive. Further, with both inputs to the third exclusive OR logic gate U2C being at the high levels, its output (pin 10) will be at a low logic level and will render the "Low" LED L3 non-conductive. In addition, the input of the first inverter U4A will be at a low level and the output (pin 4) of the third exclusive OR logic gate will be at a high level so as to cause the "Ready" LED L2 to be lit, indicating a ready condition.
If the operator's impedance becomes greater than approximately 24 Megaohm, this will cause the output of the f irst comparator U1A to go to a low level. This will, in turn, cause the output of the f irst exclusive OR logic gate U2A to go to a high level, thereby turning on the "High" LED L1 to indicate a high impedance state. This same high signal will be applied to the node B via the diode D3. Concurrently, the output of the third exclusive OR logic gate U2B will go low so as to extinguish the "Ready" LED L2. Further, if the operator's impedance becomes less than 1 Megaohm, this will cause the output of the second comparator U2A to go to a low level. As a consequence, the output of the second exclusive OR logic gate U2C will go to a high level so as to render conductive the "Low" LED L3 to indicate a low impedance state. This same high signal will be applied to the node B via the diode D1. In addition, the output of the third exclusive OR logic gate U2B will again go low to turn off the "Ready" LED L2.
Referring now to FIG. 3 of the drawings, there is shown a schematic circuit diagram of the logic and alarm circuitry 20 of FIG. 1. The logic portion 20a consists of a fourth exclusive OR logic gate U2B and a fifth exclusive OR logic gate U3D and diodes D7, D8. The fourth exclusive OR logic gate U2D has its first input connected to the output of the first wrist-strap monitoring circuitry 12 at the node B and its second input connected to the first power supply voltage of +6 V. The output of the fourth exclusive OR logic gate U2D is connected to the anode of the diode D7. Similarly, the fifth exclusive OR logic gate U3D has its first input connected to the output of the second wrist-strap monitoring circuitry 16 at a node C and its second input connected to the first power supply voltage of +6 V. The output of the fifth exclusive OR logic gate U3D is connected to the anode of the diode DB. The cathodes of the diodes D7, D8 are connected together and to a node D.
The alarm portion 20b consists of transistors Q1, Q2 (SC649), a diode D9, a resistor R23, a capacitor C7, and a beeper B1. The node D is coupled to the base of the transistor Q1 via the resistor R23. The transistors Q1 and Q2 are connected together in a Darlington configuration. The collectors of the transistors Q1 and Q2 are connected together, to the anode of the diode D9, and to one input of the beeper B1. The second power supply voltage of +12 V is connected to the other input of the beeper B1, the cathode of the diode D9, and one side of the capacitor C7. The other side of the capacitor C7 and the emitter of the transistor Q2 are connected to the ground potential.
The logic and alarm circuitry 20 further includes a ground detection portion 20c which is comprised of a plug P2; resistors R27-R31; diode D12; capacitor C6; inverters U4E, U4F; and a "Safe" LED L7. If the plug P2 is grounded, then the voltage at node E will be low so as to cause the output of the inverter U4F to be low. As a result, the "Safe" LED L7 will be lit so as to indicate a safe condition. In addition, the alarm portion 20b will be turned off since the voltage at the node D will be at a low level. On the other hand, when the plug P2 is ungrounded, the node E will go to a high level, and the output of the inverter U4F will be also high so as to extinguish the "Safe" LED L7. Further, this high level will cause the diode D11 to become forward-biased so as to cause a high level to appear at the node D. As a result, the alarm portion 20b will sound the beeper B1.
In FIG. 4, there is shown a schematic circuit diagram of the power supply circuitry 26 of FIG. 1. The power supply circuitry 26 includes a plug P1 which is connectable to an AC adaptor (not shown) for converting 110 VAC to a +12 V regulated DC signal. The power supply circuitry 26 includes a first regulator IC1 (LM7806CT) to regulate the DC signal to a regulated +6 VDC at its output (pin 3) and a second regulator IC2 (LM7812CT) to regulate the DC signal to a regulated +12 VDC at its output (pin 3). The +12 VDC from the plug P1 also is fed via the diode D10 to the inputs (pin 1) of the regulators IC1 and IC2. A filter capacitor C4 is connected between the +12 VDC and the ground potential. Also, filter capacitors C3 and C4 are connected between the respective outputs of the regulators and the ground potential.
In FIG. 5(a), there is depicted a front view of a panel 28 on an enclosure (not shown) housing the wrist-strap monitoring system 10 of FIG. 1. The LEDs L1, L3 and L2 are associated with the first wrist-strap monitoring circuitry 12, and the LEDs L6, L4 and L5 are associated with the second wrist-strap monitoring circuitry 16. The "Safe" LED L7 is associated with the ground detection portion 20c of the logic and alarm circuitry. In FIG. 5(b) there is depicted a back view of a panel 30 on the enclosure. The plug P1 is connected to the "DC INN" jack and the plug P2 is connected to the "GND" jack. The wrist-strap cord (not shown) of the first operator is connected to the "OPR1" jack and the wrist-strap cord of the second operator is connected to the "OPR2" jack.
From the foregoing detailed description, it can thus be seen that the present invention provides a wrist-strap monitoring system which includes wrist-strap monitoring circuitry for monitoring continuously impedance of a human body to be between an upper level and a lower level. Further, a ground detection circuit is used to monitor continuity of the ground connection. If the ground connection is broken (disconnected) or the impedance of the human body is either above the upper level or below the lower level, a logic and alarm circuitry will be activated so as to cause a visual indication and an audible signal.
1. A wrist-strap monitoring system comprising:
first wrist-strap monitoring means, which is operatively connected to a first wrist-strap connection for continuously monitoring impedance of a first human body to be between an upper impedance level and a lower impedance level, for generating a first high-impedance output signal when the impedance is above the upper impedance level and for generating a second low-impedance output signal when the impedance is below the lower impedance level;
second wrist-strap monitoring means, which is operatively connected to a second wrist-strap connection for continuously monitoring impedance of a second human body to be between the upper level and the lower level, for generating a third high-impedance output signal when the impedance is above the upper impedance level, and for generating a fourth low-impedance output signal when the impedance is below the lower impedance level;
logic circuit means, responsive to said first and second output signals from said first wrist-strap monitoring means and to said third and fourth output signals from said second wrist-strap monitoring means, for generating an alarm signal, wherein said logic circuit means is comprised of a pair of first and second exclusive OR logic gates, wherein said first exclusive OR logic gate has its inputs coupled to receive said first high-impedance output signal and said second low-impedance output signal, and wherein said second exclusive OR logic gate has its inputs coupled to receive said third high-impedance output signal and said fourth low-impedance output signal;
visual indicating means, including a plurality of light-emitting diodes, each of which is respectively responsive to one of said first through fourth output signals, for generating separate visual signals for each of the first through fourth output signals, wherein one of said plurality of light-emitting diodes indicates when the impedance of the first human body is above the upper impedance level, wherein another of said plurality of light-emitting diodes indicates when the impedance of the first human body is below the lower impedance level, wherein yet another of said plurality of light-emitting diodes indicates when the impedance of the second human body is above the upper level, and wherein still another of said plurality of light-emitting diodes indicates when the impedance of the second human body is below the lower level;
sound means responsive to said alarm signal for generating an audible signal; and
ground detection means operatively connected to a ground connection for monitoring continuity of the ground connection and for generating an ungrounded signal when there is no continuity, wherein said sound means is also responsive to said ungrounded signal for generating the audible signal.
2. A wrist-strap monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said sound means includes a beeper which is used to generate said audible signal.
3. A wrist-strap monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said upper level of the impedance is approximately 24 Megaohm.
4. A wrist-strap monitoring system as claimed in claim 3, wherein said lower level of the impedance is approximately 1 Megaohm.
wrist-strap monitoring means operatively connected to a wrist-strap connection for continuously monitoring impedance of a human body to be between an upper impedance level and a lower impedance level, for generating a first output signal when the impedance is above the upper impedance level, and for generating a second signal when the impedance is below the lower impedance level;
logic circuit means responsive to said first and second output signals from said wrist-strap monitoring means and for generating an alarm signal wherein said logic circuit means is comprised of an exclusive OR logic gate, said exclusive OR logic gate having its inputs coupled to receive said first and second output signals;
visual indicating means, including a first light-emitting diode which is responsive to said first output signal for indicating when the impedance of the human body is above the upper impedance level and a second light-emitting diode which is responsive to said second output signals for indicating when the impedance of the human body is below the lower impedance level;
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text:
Q: Ensure argument is an output stream for the console I'm trying to make a stream manipulator for colour for use with output to the console. It works, changing the colour of text and the background:
std::cout << ConColor::Color::FgBlue << 123 << "abc"; //text is blue, sticky

The problem is with the signature:
std::ostream &FgBlue(std::ostream &);

This signature allows for derived classes, such as std::ostringstream as well, but there is no way to change the colour of a string stream. The function would change the colour of the console regardless if it was called with such an argument.
Therefore, I want to ensure the argument is something along the lines of std::cout, std::wcout, etc. I would prefer it be general in the case that more std::ostream objects are added in a future standard.
I tried many things involving std::is_same and std::is_base_of, when the former wouldn't work, just to eventually realize that it was pointless because any argument type inheriting from std::basic_ostream<> will be casted to the type I'm comparing against when passed to the function, giving false positives.
This eventually led me to my answer below (variadic template template arguments? Wow, that's a mouthful!) There are a couple problems, however:

*

*The compiler must support variadic templates. I would prefer the solution work on MSVC.

*The compiler gives cryptic errors in the case that a derived class with a different number of template arguments (such as std::ostringstream, which has 3 instead of 2) is used, as it doesn't get past the function signature.

*It's possible to redirect stdout, say, to a file, so even if the argument is std::cout, the same thing as the stringstream case happens.

I encourage people to post any other solutions, hopefully better than mine, and really hopefully something that works with at least VS11.

A: This is what I came up with after a lot of trial:
template<template<typename...> class T, typename... U>
void foo(T<U...> &os) {
    static_assert(
        std::is_same<
            std::basic_ostream<U...>,
            typename std::remove_reference<decltype(os)>::type
        >::value,
        "Argument must be of type std::basic_ostream<T, U>."
    );
    //...
}

Source code containing each of the below tests can be found here.
Source code replacing the types with similar self-made ones that are more explicit and offer more freedom (e.g., instantiation), which might be more useful for testing, can be found here.

*

*Passing in std::cout and std::wcout makes it compile fine.

*Passing in an instance of std::ostringstream causes it to complain about the number of template arguments.

*Passing in an instance of std::fstream, which has the same number of template parameters, causes the static assertion to fail.

*Passing in a self-made 2-parameter template class causes the static assertion to fail.

Please feel free to improve upon this any way you can.

A: Here's a trait for detecting std::basic_ostream instantiations:
template<typename T> struct is_basic_ostream {
  template<typename U, typename V>
  static char (&impl(std::basic_ostream<U, V> *))[
    std::is_same<T, std::basic_ostream<U, V>>::value ? 2 : 1];
  static char impl(...);
  static constexpr bool value = sizeof(impl((T *)0)) == 2;
};

Use as:
template<typename T>
void foo(T &) {
  static_assert(is_basic_ostream<T>::value,
    "Argument must be of type std::basic_ostream<T, U>.");
}

We use template argument deduction to infer the template parameters on the (non-proper) basic_ostream base class, if any.  As a more general solution, replacing U and V with a single variadic parameter would allow writing a generic is_instantiation_of trait on compilers that support variadic template parameters.

To detect whether stdout is piped to a file (which can only be detected at runtime, of course) use isatty; see how to use isatty() on cout, or can I assume that cout == file descriptor 1?


text:
6 things you need to know about cicadas
Loud and low-carb: Cicadas return in Ohio, West Virginia
WBALTV
SOURCE: WBALTV
The 17-year cicadas are coming again, millions of them, with their unnerving red eyes, orange wings and cacophonous mating song that can drown out the noise of passing jet planes.For those who have an aversion to prawn-size, flying bugs, the next six weeks or so will be like a long horror-movie scene in large swaths of Ohio and West Virginia and slivers of Pennsylvania, Virginia and Maryland.In reality, though, cicadas are harmless and actually good for the environment. Their egg-laying in the trees is a natural pruning that results in increased growth, their burrowing aerates the ground, and their decaying bodies add nutrients to the soil.Some other facts about them, compliments of Jim Fredericks, chief entomologist with the National Pest Management Association, and Gene Kritsky, a cicada expert at Cincinnati's College of Mount St. Joseph, who's predicting the insects will start appearing in the next few days:LIVE LONG AND BURROWWhen the soil warms up enough, cicadas emerge from the ground, where they've been sucking moisture from tree roots for the past 17 years. They'll shed their exoskeletons, attach themselves to branches, mate and lay eggs before dying off in about six weeks. The hatched nymphs then will drop off the trees and burrow underground to live for another 17 years.SONG OF THE CICADAAmorous males attract mates by rapidly vibrating drumlike tymbals on either side of their abdomen to produce sound. When millions of them are doing it at once, the din is deafening. Kritsky and other researchers who have measured the decibel level say it can be louder than a rock concert.MMM, HORS D'OEUVRESThe plump creatures make for tasty treats for dogs and cats, "like Hershey's Kisses falling from the sky," as Kritsky says. Gobbling them up won't hurt pets, unless they consume too many. Full of protein, gluten-free, low-fat and low-carb, cicadas were used as a food source by American Indians and are still eaten by humans in many countries, including China, where they are served deep-fried.Kritsky says raw cicadas taste like cold canned asparagus. Whenever he goes on the road to study them, he always brings one back as a snack for his cat, Boudie.IT'S JUST OUR TURNThere are 15 groups - or broods - of cicadas that are on life cycles of either 13 or 17 years. They appear mostly in the eastern and central parts of the U.S. Last spring, it was a brood in parts of Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska and Iowa that had its coming out. This particular brood, which hasn't appeared since 1999, will be seen in the eastern half of Ohio, the northern two-thirds of West Virginia, the southwestern corner of Pennsylvania, and tiny sections of Virginia and Maryland.DON'T CALL THEM LOCUSTSHumans have been tracking cicada appearances for hundreds of years in the United States. English colonists, who thought they were experiencing biblical plagues, started referring to them as locusts, a mischaracterization that has managed to stick around. (Locusts are actually grasshoppers.) One major difference is that cicadas don't swarm; the males just independently bumble from one place to another looking for sex.'THEY WON'T CARRY AWAY CHILDREN'Besides making a bunch of noise, clumsily flying into windshields and littering the land with zillions of their gross little carcasses, cicadas are relatively harmless to living things, although Fredericks warns they could do some damage to very young trees. (To protect saplings, cover them with netting while the cicadas are visiting.) There have been reports of them causing traffic accidents by flying through open car windows and distracting drivers, and they once clogged up the building air conditioning system at a hospital, but usually they don't leave behind devastating damage."They don't bite, they don't sting, they won't carry away children, they're not poisonous," Kritsky notes. Adds Fredericks: "It really is just an opportunity to get out and enjoy the show nature is putting on for you."Get the WBAL-TV News App
COLUMBUS, Ohio —
The 17-year cicadas are coming again, millions of them, with their unnerving red eyes, orange wings and cacophonous mating song that can drown out the noise of passing jet planes.
For those who have an aversion to prawn-size, flying bugs, the next six weeks or so will be like a long horror-movie scene in large swaths of Ohio and West Virginia and slivers of Pennsylvania, Virginia and Maryland.
Thousands of cicadas hatching unexpectedly in Maryland
In reality, though, cicadas are harmless and actually good for the environment. Their egg-laying in the trees is a natural pruning that results in increased growth, their burrowing aerates the ground, and their decaying bodies add nutrients to the soil.
Some other facts about them, compliments of Jim Fredericks, chief entomologist with the National Pest Management Association, and Gene Kritsky, a cicada expert at Cincinnati's College of Mount St. Joseph, who's predicting the insects will start appearing in the next few days:
LIVE LONG AND BURROW
When the soil warms up enough, cicadas emerge from the ground, where they've been sucking moisture from tree roots for the past 17 years. They'll shed their exoskeletons, attach themselves to branches, mate and lay eggs before dying off in about six weeks. The hatched nymphs then will drop off the trees and burrow underground to live for another 17 years.
SONG OF THE CICADA
Amorous males attract mates by rapidly vibrating drumlike tymbals on either side of their abdomen to produce sound. When millions of them are doing it at once, the din is deafening. Kritsky and other researchers who have measured the decibel level say it can be louder than a rock concert.
MMM, HORS D'OEUVRES
The plump creatures make for tasty treats for dogs and cats, "like Hershey's Kisses falling from the sky," as Kritsky says. Gobbling them up won't hurt pets, unless they consume too many. Full of protein, gluten-free, low-fat and low-carb, cicadas were used as a food source by American Indians and are still eaten by humans in many countries, including China, where they are served deep-fried.
Kritsky says raw cicadas taste like cold canned asparagus. Whenever he goes on the road to study them, he always brings one back as a snack for his cat, Boudie.
IT'S JUST OUR TURN
There are 15 groups - or broods - of cicadas that are on life cycles of either 13 or 17 years. They appear mostly in the eastern and central parts of the U.S. Last spring, it was a brood in parts of Texas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska and Iowa that had its coming out. This particular brood, which hasn't appeared since 1999, will be seen in the eastern half of Ohio, the northern two-thirds of West Virginia, the southwestern corner of Pennsylvania, and tiny sections of Virginia and Maryland.
DON'T CALL THEM LOCUSTS
Humans have been tracking cicada appearances for hundreds of years in the United States. English colonists, who thought they were experiencing biblical plagues, started referring to them as locusts, a mischaracterization that has managed to stick around. (Locusts are actually grasshoppers.) One major difference is that cicadas don't swarm; the males just independently bumble from one place to another looking for sex.
'THEY WON'T CARRY AWAY CHILDREN'
Besides making a bunch of noise, clumsily flying into windshields and littering the land with zillions of their gross little carcasses, cicadas are relatively harmless to living things, although Fredericks warns they could do some damage to very young trees. (To protect saplings, cover them with netting while the cicadas are visiting.) There have been reports of them causing traffic accidents by flying through open car windows and distracting drivers, and they once clogged up the building air conditioning system at a hospital, but usually they don't leave behind devastating damage.
"They don't bite, they don't sting, they won't carry away children, they're not poisonous," Kritsky notes. Adds Fredericks: "It really is just an opportunity to get out and enjoy the show nature is putting on for you."


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text:
Uproar in NA after 'mini-budget', SBP bill passed in hours-long session
The National Assembly on Thursday pass the controversial Finance (Supplementary) Bill, generally known as the "mini-budget", and the State Bank of Pakistan (Amendment) Bill 2021 during an hours-long session amid fierce objection from the opposition benches. The finance bill and the SBP bill, both tabled on Dec 30, are necessary to ensure that Pakistan's sixth review of the $6 billion Extended Fund Facility gets cleared by the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) executive board. The session, which began shortly after 4pm, resumed under the chairmanship of NA Speaker Asad Qaiser. Prime Minister Imran Khan, Planning and Development Minister Asad Umar and Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi were also in attendance. PM Imran was welcomed by loud sloganeering from the opposition benches as treasury lawmakers thumped their desks to drown them out. The government's amendments to the proposed bill were approved by the NA. In addition, amendments to the finance bill were also moved by MQM MNA Kishwar Zahra, to which the finance minister replied that most of the demands had been accommodated. In response, the MQM MNA thanked the premier and the foreign minister and withdrew the amendments. The government introduced changes to Clause 3 of the bill, under which small shops will not be taxed on bread, chapattis, sheermal, naans, vermicelli, buns and rusk. Tier one retailers, restaurants, food chains and sweet shops will be taxed on the sale of these items. A sales tax of 8.5 per cent will be imposed on 1,800 cc domestic and hybrid and domestic cars. A tax of 12.75pc will be imposed on 1,801 to 2,500 cc hybrid vehicles while imported electric vehicles will be taxed at 12.5pc. No general sales tax will be imposed on a 200g carton of milk, while a 17pc GST will be imposed on formula milk worth more than Rs500. Tax on imported vehicles was also increased under the changes, from five per cent to 12.5pc. The federal excise duty on all imported vehicles will remain the same. There will be a duty of 2.5pc on locally manufactured 1,300 cc vehicles, down from the 5pc proposed earlier. The duty on locally manufactured 1,300 to 2,000 cc cars was also reduced to 5pc from 10pc. A 10pc duty will be imposed on locally manufactured cars greater than 2,100 cc. The government's amendments to Clause 5 and Clause 6 were also approved during the session. Shortly after the session began, PPP's Shazia Marri moved a motion recommending that the finance bill be circulated for public opinion under Rule 124 of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the National Assembly so that it could be proven how "anti-people" it was. However, the motion was opposed by Finance Minister Shaukat Tarin. The opposition lawmakers also called for the House to debate the recommendations put forth by the Senate. PML-N's Ahsan Iqbal said that the recommendations put forth by the Senate regarding the mini-budget had not been discussed and called it an insult to the upper house of Parliament. Voting also took place on several amendments moved by the opposition to the finance bill that were subsequently rejected through a voice vote. The opposition demanded that a physical count be conducted for some of the amendments tabled by the opposition, including those by Mohsin Dawar and PML-N's Shahid Khaqan Abbasi. However, the NA speaker refused under Rule 29 of Procedure and Conduct of Business in the National Assembly. A physical count was later conducted on the amendments moved by PPP's Marri, with 168 lawmakers against it and 150 in favour of it. Later, a physical count was conducted for a second time. The government was once again in majority and the amendments were rejected. The opposition's amendments to Clause 3 of the finance bill were rejected with 163 votes against it and 143 in favour. During the session, Abbasi questioned why it was necessary for the government to introduce a mini-budget and said that such a massive tax burden had never before been presented in the country's history. "It has been six months since you passed the finance bill. Have your revenues declines or expenses increased since then?" he asked. He also questioned why the people were being burdened with additional taxes of Rs350 billion. In response, Tarin said that the IMF had called for imposing a value-added tax when he had previously served as the finance minister. He also emphasised the need for documenting the economy, stating that people's incomes were not being taxed because they didn't fall under the tax net. He added that some of the taxes in the mini-budget had been removed, informing the opposition that this was about "documentation not taxes". PPP Chairman Bilawal Bhutto-Zardari said that the amendment he introduced concerned taxes on crude oil and imported items. "My question to the finance minister is whether they have accepted this. He himself said that they are withdrawing some of the taxes." He questioned whether the finance minister had an issue with the fact that it mentioned his name and those of Shazia Marri and Raja Pervaiz Ashraf. "What was the harm in it being accepted?" Referring to the finance minister, Bilawal said that Tarin stated that past governments had made matters worse even though he had previously served as the country's finance minster. "Tarin said he did not know why there was hue and cry [over the mini-budget]. We request him to visit the streets of Karachi and ask the people about their economic situation." The PPP chairman said that some Karachi lawmakers had moved amendments and had also expressed their reservations regarding the mini-budget. He called on them to reject the finance bill and work with the opposition to steer the country out of the economic situation. Responding to the PPP chairman, the finance minister said the opposition had claimed that the government was sacrificing the country's economic sovereignty and national security. "But they went to the IMF approximately 13 times. Did they forfeit our economic sovereignty each time?" he asked. Taking the floor once again, Bilawal said that the finance minister had claimed that he did not renege on the promises he had made. "But neither the finance minister nor the prime minister stick to their promises." He said that this was the time to show the people the government's success in running the country before the next elections. "But what is your success? The Economist says that Pakistan is the fourth most expensive country in the world, the most expensive in the region." He said that the inflation had risen to double digits and while the debt to GDP ratio had also soared. This is the what Naya Pakistan has delivered, he said.


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Home » Trump to address the nation "probably at 8 o'clock"
Trump to address the nation "probably at 8 o'clock"
Trump is currently in the meeting with bankers.
by The White House Press Pool March 11, 2020 July 13, 2021
Ongoing meeting:
Trump to make a statement "probably at 8 o'clock".
The president has arms crossed at points and hands folded at others and is in the center. Kushner on one end near Mnuchin. Kudlow on another side. Bankers and others scattered among them.
Trump: "We'll be doing a lot of additional work with small businesses…many billions of dollars"
Ken Griffin of Citadel: "your focus on fiscal stimulus is really important" especially for struggling families.
Gordon Smith of JP Morgan: "bank has resiliency plans to help our people and customers. Extended $26b in loans in last 40 days."
Trump: "There will be a pent up demand" when this is done.
Related: Trump to make a statement tonight from the Oval Office
Trump says he won't answer whether there will be more travel restrictions till tonight
Trump to make statement tonight from the Oval Office
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Tagged: Coronavirus, COVID-19
The White House Press Pool
Produced by members of the White House Correspondents Association (WHCA), these brief Pool Reports track American president. The White House Press Pool is composed of the members of the White House...	More by The White House Press Pool