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You are here: Home Page > Social Sciences > Economics > Pension Design and Structure
314 Pages | 23 figures
This book is available as part of Oxford Scholarship Online - view abstracts and keywords at book and chapter level.
Pension Design and Structure
New Lessons from Behavioral Finance
Edited by Olivia S. Mitchell and Stephen P. Utkus
Pension Research Council Series
First book to explore the implications of behavioural finance research for pensions and retirement studies
Frontier research from several fields: Finance, Economics, Management, Sociology, and Psychology
Uses large datasets newly provided by financial service firms
Draws out policy implications for financial and pensions consultants, planners, and policy makers.
Employees are being given more and more decisions to make with regards to their pension and healthcare plans. Yet increasing research in the social sciences shows that the decisions 'real' people make are not those of the thoughtful and well-informed economic agent often portrayed in economic research, but are often based on flawed information and made without a full understanding of their financial implications.
The contributors to Pension Design and Structure explore the assumptions behind commonly-held theories of retirement decision-making, and the consequences of the growing volume of research in behavioral finance and economics for the field of pension research. Using large datasets newly provided by financial service firms and real-world experiments, this volume tests the hypotheses of this research.
This is the first book to explore the implications of behavioral finance research for pensions and retirement studies, and uses frontier research from several fields, including Finance, Economics, Management, Sociology, and Psychology. Contributors include leading pensions experts.
Research on Decision-Making Under Uncertainty
1. Lessons From Behavioral Finance for Retirement Plan Design, Olivia S. Mitchell and Stephen P. Utkus
2. Motivating Retirement Planning: Problems and Solutions, Gary Selnow
3. Who's Afraid of a Poor Old Age? Risk Perception and Risk Management Decisions, Elke Weber
4. Behavioral Portfolios: Hopes for Riches and Protection from Poverty, Meir Statman
Implications for Retirement Plan Design
5. How Much Choice is Too Much? Contributions to 401(k) Retirement Plans, Sheena Sethi-Iyengar, Gur Huberman, and Wei Jiang
6. 'Money Attitudes' and Retirement Plan Design: One Size Does Not Fit All, Donna M. MacFarland, Carolyn D. Marconi, and Stephen P. Utkus
7. Employee Investment Decisions About Company Stock, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte Madrian, and Andrew Metrick
8. Implications of Information and Social Interactions for Retirement Saving Decisions, Esther Duflo and Emmanuel Saez
Consequences for Retirement Education
9. Saving and the Effectiveness of Financial Education, Annamaria Lusardi
10. Sex Differences, Financial Education, and Retirement Goals, Robert L. Clark, Madeleine B. d'Ambrosio, Ann A. McDermed, and Kshama Sawant
11. The Impact of Advice on Employee Behavior and Retirement Prospects, Jason Scott and Gregory Stein
12. Adult Learning Principles and Pension Participant Behavior, Victor Saliterman and Barry G. Sheckley
Implications for Retirement Payouts
13. How Do Retirees Go From Stock to Flow?, John Ameriks
14. Annuities and Retirement Satisfaction, Constantijn W. A. Panis
15. Perceptions of Mortality Risk: Implications for Annuities, Matthew Drinkwater and Eric T. Sondergeld
Olivia S. Mitchell is the International Foundation of Employee Benefit Plans Professor of Insurance and Risk Management, and Executive Director of the Pension Research Council at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, and also a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research. Her academic research explores private and publica insurance, risk management, public finance and labour markets, and compensation and pensions, with both a US and international focus. She recently served on President Bush's Commission to Strengthen Social Security.
Stephen P. Utkus is the Director of the Vanguard Center for Retirement Research, where he conducts and sponsors research on retirement savings and retirement benefits. His current research interests include attitudes and expectations regarding retirement, financial markets, and employer-sponsored retirement plans; the psychological and behavioral aspects of participant decision-making; trading and investment behavior among retirement plan participants; fiduciary issues arising from retirement programs; and global trends in public and private pension plans. Mr. Utkus is a member of the advisory board of the Wharton Pension Research Council, and he is currently a Visiting Scholar at The Wharton School.
John Ameriks, Senior Research Fellow, TIAA-CREF Institute
James J. Choi, Harvard University
Robert L. Clark, Professor of Business Management and Economics, North Carolina State University
Madeleine B. d'Ambrosio, Vice President of TIAA-CREF and Executive Director of the TIAA-CREF Institute
Matthew Drinkwater, Assistant Scientist, Retirement Research Unit, LIMRA International
Esther Duflo, Castel Krob Career Development Associate Professor of Development Economics, MIT
Gur Huberman, Professor, Graduate School of Business, Columbia University
Wei Jiang, Assistant Professor of Finance, Columbia Business School
David Laibson, Professor of Economics, Harvard University
Annamaria Lusardi, Associate Professor of Economics, Dartmouth College
Donna M. MacFarland, Senior Manager of the Institutional Marketing Research Department, Vanguard
Brigitte Madrian, Associate Professor, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania
Carolyn D. Marconi, Principal, Marketing Research Group, Vanguard
Ann A. McDermed, formerly of the College of Management, North Carolina State University
Andrew Metrick, Associate Professor of Finance, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania
Olivia S. Mitchell, Executive Director of the Pension Research Council, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania ,
Constantijn W. A. Panis, Senior Economist, RAND
Emmanuel Saez, Assistant Professor of Economics, University of California-Berkeley
Victor Saliterman, Senior Vice President, CIGNA Retirement & Investment Services, and President of CIGNA Financial Services
Kshama Sawant, North Carolina State University
Jason Scott, Director of Financial Research, Financial Engines
Gary Selnow, Professor of Communication, San Fransisco State University, and Director of the World Internet Resources for Education and Development
Sheena Sethi-Iyengar, Associate Professor of Management, Columbia Business School
Barry G. Sheckley, Neag Professor of Adult Learning, Department of Educational Leadership, University of Connecticut
Eric T. Sondergeld, Corporate Vice President and Director of Retirement Research, LIMRA
Meir Statman, Glenn Klimek Professor of Finance, Santa Clara University
Gregory Stein, Financial Development Group, Financial Engines
Stephen P. Utkus, Director, Vanguard Center for Retirement Research
Elke Weber, Professor of Management and Psychology, Columbia University, and Academic Director, Chazen Institute for International Business, Columbia Business School
"In a very readable way, the authors overview the whole field and offer concise conclusions for pension plan design... Overall, the book is of a very high academic standard, as one would anticipate from this series."--The Journal of Pension Economics and Finance
"Fifteen papers explore how real people behave with regard to retirement savings and provide key insights regarding pension plan design that can result in more savings and better retirement preparedness."--Journal of Economic Literature
Reorienting Retirement Risk Management
Robert L. Clark and Olivia S. Mitchell
Publius: The Journal of Federalism
John Dinan
Socio-Economic Review
Gregory Jackson, Bruno Amable, Nina Bandelj...
Building Better Students
Jeremy Burrus, Krista Mattern, Bobby D. Naemi...
Recalibrating Retirement Spending and Saving
John Ameriks and Olivia S. Mitchell
The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization
Wouter Dessein
American Higher Education in Crisis?
Goldie Blumenstyk
Families' Values
R. Urbatsch
Reshaping Retirement Security
Raimond Maurer, Olivia S. Mitchell, and Mark J. Warshawsky
Robert J. Barro, Pol Antrás, Lawrence F. Katz...
The Design and Conduct of Meaningful Experiments Involving Human Participants
R. Barker Bausell
Retirement System Risk Management
Olivia S. Mitchell, Raimond Maurer, and J. Michael Orszag
The Review of Economic Studies
Phillipp Kircher, Nicola Gennaioli, Guerrieri...
Financial Capability and Asset Holding in Later Life
Nancy Morrow-Howell and Margaret Sherraden
A Talent for Friendship
John Edward Terrell
Social Sciences > Economics
Social Sciences > Sociology > Economic Sociology
Science & Mathematics > Psychology > Social Psychology
Science & Mathematics > Psychology > Cognitive Psychology


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Regex expansion in powershell I have to iterate over a large loop of IPs and I have been able to do this with ease in bash, but while attempting to do this in PowerShell I found that I have little idea how to do something similar.
In bash I have done the following:
for ip in 10.98.{7..65}.{0..255}; do
    echo "some text and a $ip";
done

However, in PowerShell I have done the following:
$ipprefix='10.98';
For ($i=7; $i -le 65; $i++) {
    For ($j=0; $j -le 255; $j++) {
        Write-Host "some text and a $ipprefix.$i.$j";
    }
}

Is there an easier way to do this in PowerShell?

A: Ideally, the bash code has to unroll two loops, so the PowerShell you have is fundamentally the same.  That said, you could nest two ranges in Powershell to achieve the same.
For example:
1..3 | % {$c = $_; 4..6 | % {$d = $_; Write-Host "a.b.$c.$d"}}

Gives:
a.b.1.4
a.b.1.5
a.b.1.6
a.b.2.4
a.b.2.5
a.b.2.6
a.b.3.4
a.b.3.5
a.b.3.6

From this, you can adapt to your problem above.
You could shorten this a bit if you wanted, and lose some readability like:
1..3 | % {$c = $_; 4..6 | % {Write-Host "a.b.$c.$_"}}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Some C games (2006 to 2007)
Here are some games in C language I made during the time I was studying the "Programació estructurada i modular / Programación estructurada y modular" (Structured and modular programming) subject that belonged to "CFGS DAI (Ciclo Formativo de Grado Superior en Desarrollo de Aplicaciones Informáticas)" which is a Software development associate degree equivalent (similar to Foundation degree in the UK, Diploma of Higher Education in Scotland or Higher Certificate in the Republic of Ireland) at IES Baix Camp school in Reus city (Spain).
All are text-based games. It includes a Blackjack (aka Twenty-one) card game, a roulette game (with four different ways to play), a John Conway's Game of Life (cells can be inserted either manually or randomly), a Mastermind game, Buscacaminas (pathfinding program with some Minesweeper characteristics), Pongetet (a pong game) and Pilotes (just a bouncing text generator). The IDE used was Bloodshed Dev-C++.
They can be found on GitHub: https://github.com/jalbam/c_games
Author Joan Alba MaldonadoPosted on October 28, 2018 October 28, 2018 Categories arcade, board, C, classic, development, game development, games, programming, puzzle, text-basedTags arcade, board, c, classic, development, game development, games, programming, puzzle, text-basedLeave a comment on Some C games (2006 to 2007)
PunkPong – Pong game in JavaScript (February 2006)
"PunkPong" is an open source Pong clone totally written in DHTML (HTML, CSS and JavaScript).
It is my second DHTML game and was made in early 2006.
It allows you to use either mouse or keyboard to control your paddle.
Despite the fact that it is very easy in the beginning, the difficulty increases slowly every level and the computer will be much harder to beat.
You can also change the game behaviour easily by editing many of the configuration variables which are at the beginning of the script.
This game doesn't use any image at all, just pure HTML and CSS.
You can find other modified and adapted versions of this game on the Internet, including one Opera widget and even a Drupal module found at https://www.drupal.org/project/pong.
This game has been tested under BeOS, Linux, NetBSD, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, Windows, Mac OS X, BlackBerry Tablet OS, Android, iOS and others.
Play online in English: http://punkpong.tuxfamily.org/punkpong_english/
Play online in English (mirror): http://www.dhtmlgames.com/punkpong/punkpong_english/
Play online in Spanish: http://punkpong.tuxfamily.org/punkpong_spanish/
Play online in Spanish (mirror): http://www.dhtmlgames.com/punkpong/punkpong_spanish/
Official web site: http://punkpong.tuxfamily.org/ (mirror at http://www.dhtmlgames.com/punkpong/).
The repository can be found on GitHub: https://github.com/jalbam/punkpong
Author Joan Alba MaldonadoPosted on October 8, 2018 January 3, 2020 Categories arcade, classic, CSS, development, DHTML, game development, games, HTML, JavaScript, programmingTags arcade, classic, CSS, development, DHTML, game development, games, HTML, JavaScript, programmingLeave a comment on PunkPong – Pong game in JavaScript (February 2006)
La Ranísima – Space Invaders alike game in JavaScript (February 2006)
"La Ranísima" is an open source game that was written totally in DHTML (HTML, CSS and JavaScript) and was inspired by the Space invaders classic although uses infantile graphics that will be loved by the youngest children.
It is my first DHTML game and it was made in early 2006 based on DOM manipulation, when almost nobody knew about the power of JavaScript for game development and all the technologies involved related with that were unknown by the vast majority of developers who preferred to develop games using Flash or even Java.
You can also change the game behaviour easily by editing many of the configuration variables which are at the beginning of the script. To change the game images you just need to replace them with others.
You can find other modified and adapted versions of this game on the Internet, including one Opera widget.
Play online in English: http://ranisima.tuxfamily.org/ranisima_english/
Play online in English (mirror): http://www.dhtmlgames.com/ranisima/ranisima_english/
Play online in Spanish: http://ranisima.tuxfamily.org/ranisima_spanish/
Play online in Spanish (mirror): http://www.dhtmlgames.com/ranisima/ranisima_spanish/
Official web site: http://ranisima.tuxfamily.org/ (mirror at http://www.dhtmlgames.com/ranisima/).
It can also be found on GitHub: https://github.com/jalbam/ranisima
Author Joan Alba MaldonadoPosted on October 6, 2018 January 3, 2020 Categories arcade, classic, CSS, development, DHTML, game development, games, HTML, JavaScript, kids, programmingTags arcade, classic, CSS, development, DHTML, game development, games, HTML, JavaScript, kids, programmingLeave a comment on La Ranísima – Space Invaders alike game in JavaScript (February 2006)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Who uses condoms with whom? Evidence from national probability sample surveys
J A Cassell1,
C H Mercer1,
J Imrie1,
A J Copas1,
A M Johnson2
1Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University College London, Mortimer Market Centre, off Capper Street, London WC1E 6JB, UK
2Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 3PF, UK
Correspondence to:
Dr Jackie Cassell
Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Mortimer Market Centre off Capper Street, London WC1E 6JB, UK; j.cassell{at}pcps.ucl.ac.uk
Objectives: To explore the changing pattern of condom use from 1990 to 2000; to identify sociodemographic and behavioural factors associated with condom use; and reasons for condom use in 2000.
Methods: Large probability sample surveys administered among those resident in Britain aged 16–44 (n = 13 765 in 1990, n = 11 161 in 2000). Face to face interviews with self completion components collected sociodemographic, behavioural, and attitudinal data.
Results: Condom use in the past year among sexually active 16–24 year old men increased from 61.0% in 1990 to 82.1% in 2000 (p<0.0001), and from 42.0% to 63.2% (p<0.0001) among women of the same age, with smaller increases among older age groups. Among individuals reporting at least two partners in the previous 4 week period, approximately two thirds reported inconsistent or no condom use (63.1% (95% CI 55.9% to 69.8%) of the men and 68.5% (95% CI 57.6% to 77.7%) of the women).
Conclusions: Rates of condom use increased substantially between 1990 and 2000, particularly among young people. However, inconsistent condom use by individuals with high rates of partner acquisition may contribute significantly to the recent resurgence in STIs. This group is an important target for intensive and specific sexual health interventions.
CASI, computer assisted self interviewing
MSM, men who have sex with men
Natsal, National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles
PAPI, pen and paper interviewing
STI, sexually transmitted infections
sexual behaviour
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.2005.019117
Funding: Natsal 1990 was supported by a grant from the Wellcome Trust. Natsal 2000 was supported by a grant from the Medical Research Council with funds from the Department of Health, the Scottish Executive, and the National Assembly for Wales.
Competing interest statement: none.
Ethical approval: The Natsal study was approved by the University College Hospital and North Thames Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee and all the local research ethics committees in Britain.
Copyright 2006 Sexually Transmitted Infections


In the last 18 months the Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS) at The Tavistock & Portman NHS Foundation Trust has worked very hard to adapt and strengthen structures and processes to accommodate a very rapid expansion in the Service and a more diverse and complex patient population.
This week the Board has agreed an action plan to build on the efforts the Service has been making and further improve the care offered to patients.
The action plan, announced to staff today and affecting all areas of the Service, will improve and formalise operational procedures and ensure consistency of approach across a rapidly growing workforce.
"The Gender Identity Development Service is a safe and highly specialised clinic for young people who have difficulties with their gender identity development – a complex and diverse patient group.
"The Trust's newly appointed Medical Director was commissioned to carry out a Review to explore concerns raised by a member of staff external to the Service.
"The Review did not identify any immediate issues in relation to patient safety or failings in the overall approach taken by the Service in responding to the needs of the young people and families who access its support.
"It has, however, identified some important areas where further improvements could be made in the operation of the service.
"The Action Plan announced today will see the Trust implement all the recommendations within the next 12 months."


I was born in 1953 in a family of hereditary witches that count their ancestry all too many centuries ago in ancient Tara. I was raised and trained in the craft, as the only male witch in my family by my grandmother. I now have grandchildren of my own. I began serious martial arts training in 1963. My sensei became my father figure and I strove for perfection, holding a Second Degree Black Belt in Mas Oyamas Karate, and a master's ranking in Chinese Kenpo. By the early 1970's, between training for tournaments and running my own small chain of studios, I took Radio & TV Broadcasting at El Paso Community College in Colorado Springs, CO. This gave me my first good taste of journalism. Thirty plus years later, and dying to write some of these experiences in a book, I wrote an entire series in the Witch Clan theme. These are character driven stories with true to life characters, and experiences melded into an entertaining fantasy. My first full length novel in this series is "Matriarch of the Witch Clan." Readers are encouraged to visit our website at http:///www.witchclan.com to correspond with the author or get information on the next release. I and my family sponsor and are also registered as "Witches of the World" at The Witches Voice (witchvox.com)and can be found in their archives.


text:
Minojapanella es un género de foraminífero bentónico de la subfamilia Boultoniinae, de la familia Schubertellidae, de la superfamilia Fusulinoidea, del suborden Fusulinina y del orden Fusulinida. Su especie tipo es Minojapanella elongata. Su rango cronoestratigráfico abarca desde el Kunguriense (Pérmico inferior) hasta el Lopingiense (Pérmico superior).

Discusión
Clasificaciones más recientes incluyen Minojapanella en la superfamilia Schubertelloidea, y en la subclase Fusulinana de la clase Fusulinata.

Clasificación
Minojapanella incluye a las siguientes especies:

 Minojapanella elongata †
 Minojapanella fusiformis †
 Minojapanella hainanensis †
 Minojapanella minuta †
 Minojapanella parva †

En Minojapanella se han considerado los siguientes subgéneros:
 Minojapanella (Neimonggolina), también considerado como género Neimonggolina, pero considerado nomen nudum
 Minojapanella (Russiella), aceptado como género Russiella
 Minojapanella (Wutuella), aceptado como género Wutuella

Bibliografía

Géneros de Fusulinida s.s.
Géneros de Fusulinida
Géneros de foraminíferos bentónicos

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


To be clear: the location of your sauna, whether you choose to buy an indoor or an outdoor infrared sauna, will not, in any way, affect the efficacy of your sessions. However, their effects are not the only things you'll have to consider when deciding on this kind of purchase.
With efficacy and benefits out of the way, what things should you consider in deciding on whether to go for an indoor or an outdoor unit?
First and foremost, you got to ensure the safety of yourself and your surroundings. Some people prefer outdoor units because they feel safer with the sauna outdoors, without any contact with the house to avoid any accidents. Rest assured that infrared saunas, whether used indoor or outdoor, are safe.
Of course, this should be one of your top concerns. It doesn't matter how good your sauna is, if it doesn't fit inside your home, it won't matter! If you are looking to order an indoor sauna, you are limited by the size of your home, especially your bathroom where most users prefer to put their infrared saunas.
When it comes to ease and convenience of use, indoor saunas would have the upper hand. The mere fact that you don't need to leave the comforts of your home to enjoy the benefits of a sauna is unbeatable. Not only that. Indoor saunas afford users increased privacy and protection from the elements. It would be tough to enjoy an outdoor sauna session in the cold of winter, right?
However, outdoor saunas tend to be bigger. The added space can add to the appeal when you can enjoy it with a loved one or by yourself in a more relaxed position and not cramped inside an indoor unit.
How much does a sauna cost? One factor that affects a sauna's price is its size. Hence, outdoor saunas tend to be pricier because of this. A comfortable indoor sauna can give you the same benefits for almost half the cost! It all comes down to your budget: how much are you willing to invest?
Before purchasing a sauna, you should take your time in learning what utilities would it demand upon installation. Outdoor units tend to require their own utilities or at least installation near one. But that does not mean indoor saunas are without their difficulties. Installed inside your bathroom, indoor saunas can decrease your mobility in this section of your house and might cause inconvenience in the future.
Lastly, it all boils down to style. By style, we don't only refer to aesthetics, although it is part of it. How your sauna unit looks should of course also influence your decision. You would not want to use something you do not like to look at. However, aside for the looks, indoor and outdoor saunas cater to different personality types. The outdoorsy types might prefer the outdoor units and be surrounded by nature, while those who value their "alone time" would want an indoor model.
There are no set rules or guidelines on choosing whether to buy an indoor or an outdoor infrared sauna. It all depends on your taste. The more important thing is that you are taking the first steps toward a healthier lifestyle! Keep it up!


译文:And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck.
译文:The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity.
译文:Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place. However, New Year's Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner.
译文:Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.
译文:Human intelligence needs to be developed, so does the inner world.
译文:Measures should be taken to protect the environment.
译文:It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck.
译文:He is so concerned about his physical health that a slight disease would cause great anxiety.


Follow Emma's Training plan for 1 month and get the same results, which are to be that beautiful bride with glowing skin, perfect posture and super toned body.
This plan consists of 12 links to workout videos on set day, you also get to follow her 7-Day Get Glowing Eating Plan, so it could not be more simple as you just click on the links and do that workout for the day. When you purchase this the plan the video links are activated and if you stick to the video ebook you will be looking and feeling every inch that beautiful bride.


text:
Two injured MVPs is major bummer for baseball
By Craig CalcaterraSep 16, 2019, 9:24 AM EDT
Last week Christian Yelich's season ended with a fractured kneecap. At the time he went down he was neck-and-neck with Cody Bellinger — I think a tad behind, though people may reasonably differ — and, at least by my reckoning, a hair or three above Anthony Rendon, Ketel Marte and Pete Alonso in the race for the NL MVP Award. As I wrote last week, I think that means Bellinger is going to walk away with the hardware when the winner is announced in November. Yelich's injury will prevent him from making a late season surge to surpass Bellinger, but I think it would've taken a surge for him to do it.
Over the weekend we learned that Mike Trout's season is over as well. He'll be having foot surgery to deal with a nerve issue causing him pain. At the time he went down he was the clear frontrunner to win his third MVP Award. Unlike Yelich, I'm pretty sure Trout will still win the trophy. Sure, Trout hasn't played since September 7, meaning that he'll miss more time than Yelich will, but strained articles stumping for alternative candidates notwithstanding, his lead in the MVP race was more secure.
Trout's 2019 ends with him setting a career high in homers with 45 and slugging percentage at .645—both of which lead the American League. He likewise leads the league in on-base percentage (.438), OPS (1.083), and in both Baseball-Reference.com's and FanGraphs' versions of WAR at 8.3 and 8.6, respectively. With just under two weeks to go it seems likely that Jorge Soler of the Royals will pass Trout for the home run lead, but he's not an MVP candidate himself. Alex Bregman will likely pass him in walks. Trout seems pretty certain to finish with his lead in all or most of the other categories intact. That's an MVP resume even if he'll only have played in 134 games. To give the award to anyone else would be an exercise in narrative over reason. Something born of a desire to reward a guy — like, say, Bregman — for playing on a winning team as opposed to his individual accomplishments. Sure, voters are allowed to do that, but they've mostly eschewed such tendencies in recent years. It'd be a surprise if they backslid.
Even if Yelich's and Trout's injuries aren't likely to radically change the MVP race — again, I think the NL's was Bellinger's to lose — they're both still lamentable separate and apart from the fact that all injuries stink. Lamentable in a way that, unfortunately, creates a downer for baseball as it gets ready for the postseason.
The Brewers won the game in which Yelich went down and have won four of five since then. In so doing they have remained close in the race for the second Wild Card and currently stand one game back. They also have an insanely favorable schedule the rest of the way, exclusively facing the weak sisters of the National League in the Padres, Pirates, Reds and Rockies. Even so, it's no gimmie — those Reds and Rockies games are on the road, and Great American Ballpark and Coors Field makes those bad teams better — and the reward at the end of this is likely to be a one-game play-in. You want your best player in any and all situations and the Brewers don't have theirs. And won't, even if they make the postseason and even if they win the Wild Card game. Having one of the game's brightest stars on crutches for the playoffs is not something anyone at the league office wants.
The Angels have no such postseason concerns and haven't had them for most of the season. Once again they're terrible. As they have been for almost the entirety of Trout's career. They've made the postseason only once in his career — back in 2014, losing the LDS in three games — and do not appear poised to put a winner on the field any time soon. Trout is still in his prime, obviously, but like all players he'll either slow down or break down eventually. Given the state of the club, I'm not sure I'd put a ton of money on them being good, let alone consistently good, while Trout is still the best or even one of the few best players in baseball. The upside to me seems to be an Al Kaline situation with the Tigers, in which the team finally put it together behind him only after he began to age and miss time to injuries. Having the best player in baseball outside of the playoffs looking in is not something anyone at the league office should want either.
Yet here we are.
Injuries happen. Every contender is missing at least one and in some cases several important players. But for one MVP candidate to miss the postseason this year and another one to miss the postseason every year is a major bummer for a league that has a tough go of it marketing itself even under the best of circumstances.
Tags: Alex Bregman, Anthony Rendon, Christian Yelich, Cody Bellinger, Jorge Soler, Ketel Marte, Mike Trout, Pete Alonso


Back by popular demand! Michigan City's St. Patrick's Day Parade stomps down Franklin St. of the Uptown Arts District. The Michigan City Mainstreet Association and Ryan's Irish Pub invite you to celebrate with family and friends. Come celebrate with us!


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What is a volt in Physics Questions?
What is a volt in physics?
In the field of physics, the Volt (often denoted by the symbol 'V') can be defined as the unit of electric potential difference (commonly referred to as voltage), electromotive force (commonly abbreviated to EMF), and electric potential. As per the International System of Units (often abbreviated to SI), one volt is equal to the difference in the electric potentials between two given points in a wire conducting an electric current of magnitude 1 ampere and dissipating one watt of power between those two points. Alternately, it can be defined as the potential difference that arises between two points in which one Joule of energy is imparted to each Coulomb of charge that passes through it. The SI unit of electromotive force and electric potential difference is named after the Italian chemist and physicist Alessandro Volta. The SI base units of this derived unit are kilogram.meter2.second-3.ampere-1 (or kg.m2.s-3.A-1).
Which One Of The Following Is Not An Example Of Projectile What Is Sedimentation Decantation And Filtration
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What Are Five Examples Of Non Reducing Sugars What Do We Get When Ethene Is Reacted With Hcl
What Is A Pure Substance And A Mixture What Is Mendeleevs Periodic Table Explain
Fill In The Blank Gas Is Responsible For Combustion What Is The Correct Lewis Dot Structure For Bef2 Molecule
What Is Delta In Physics
Define Angle Of Contact
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Define A Unit Charge
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How Is 1 Degree Equal To 60 Minutes


1. A. stephensi (type) females emerging from tap-water became infected with sporozoites of P. falciparum Welch, 1897, from suitable gametocyte carriers up to as high a rate as 71.2 per cent, with an average sporozoite index of 27.1 per cent in 221 dissections.
2. A. stephensi (type) females emerging from brackish water, up to 80 per cent of sea-water, became infected with sporozoites of P. falciparum from the same gametocyte carriers up to as high a rate as 81.6 per cent, with an average sporozoite index of 31.9 per cent in 298 dissections.


Philip B. Meggs was born in 1942 in Florence, South Carolina. He began his career at age 16, hand setting metal type after school, and developed a great love for the types and the letterforms he printed. An avid reader who pored over the words and illustrations in books and magazines, he also spent many hours drawing and painting. As the time to choose a career approached, he decided to go into graphic design.
After college, Meggs worked as senior designer at Reynolds Aluminum and at age 24 became art director of A. H. Robins Pharmaceuticals, one of the ten largest pharmaceutical companies in America. These jobs gave him the opportunity to design an amazing range of projects—posters, booklets, packages, a quarterly magazine, exhibitions, annual reports, and even advertising campaigns, because Robins followed the European model of having some of the pharmaceutical product advertising designed by in-house staff. This diversity provided useful experience when he moved into teaching.
From 1974 until 1987, Meggs chaired the VCU Department of Communication Arts and Design. During that time enrollment doubled, and the graphic design program was augmented with majors in illustration, photography, and media. Courses in the history of visual communications, along with design and communications theory, were added to the curriculum. Competency-based instruction was introduced in typography, print production, layout techniques, and later, computer graphics courses. Since the 1970s, the program has been widely respected in the industry as one whose graduates are well prepared for the profession. A Master of Fine Arts in Design program was launched in 1978.
Typographic Design: Form and Communication, written and designed with his colleagues Rob Carter and Ben Day, was selected for the 1985 AlGA "50 Books of the Year." Type and Image: The Language of Graphic Design was published in 1989. He has written a dozen books and over 150 articles and papers on design and typography. Meggs's graphic designs have been included in the Art Directors Club Annual, Graphis Annual, Graphis Posters, Communication Arts Design Annual, and Print magazine's Regional Design Annual. Since 1993 he has been a member of the U.S. Postal Service's Citizens Stamp Advisory Committee, which recommends subjects and designs for United States postage stamps.
Meggs has been married to his college girlfriend, Libby, an art director and illustrator, for 37 years and has two children. Meggs also serves as visiting faculty at Syracuse University and the National College of Art and Design, Dublin.


Famous athletes who could have dominated a second sport tell the story of men and women with so much athletic ability that they shouldn't be limited to being the best at just one sport when they could easily find success in several sports. Many athletes have tried to become successful two-sport athletes and few have succeeded but dozens more have the potential.
This list isn't about the notable two-sport athletes like Deion Sanders, who won both the Super Bowl and a World Series, or Hershel Walker, who won the Heisman Trophy, appeared in the Winter Olympics in bobsled and competed in mixed martial arts, or Michael Jordan, who returned after retiring from the NBA to play in the MLB, or Bo Jackson, who enjoyed success playing professional football and baseball during his career. This list is about the athletes who despite having the talent to dominate two sports, stuck to one and became one of the best to ever play.
For many athletes, this choice between two sports was an early one. Tom Brady for instance was selected in the MLB Draft but declined to play football. His three Super Bowl rings and numerous NFL records show he made a wise choice. Kirk Gibson was one of the best wide receivers in NCAA Football but chose the MLB contract offer over the one from the NFL. He went on to win two World Series and is still active as a highly successful MLB manager. Wilt Chamberlain had the choice of track, basketball, volleyball, boxing and football in his early years. He picked basketball and for that is now a household name.
These big names and so many more from professional football, basketball, baseball, hockey and other sports could have easily dominated a second sport. For one reason or another they made the tough decision to focus on one primary sport and in many cases went on to become legends in that sport. It would be tough to think that they regret the decision but one they certainly look back upon and wonder "what if?"


Investing in US real estate usually requires a lot of money on the part of the investor. Along with the investment comes hefty fees such as capital gains taxes, etc. If you want to use your investment money wisely, you may want to use a 1031 exchange.
When US real property investors talk about how to save money, one of the ways they go about it is by using what is called a 1031 exchange. This basically refers to section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code which states that property owners can finish an exchange of properties as long as those assets are similar to one another. When you exchange properties as opposed to a regular purchase of one, you can avoid not paying the capital gains tax that accumulates once that property has been sold to a buyer.
The 1031 exchange gives investors a unique potetnail to get rid of assets and get new ones without having to be legally bounded by the accompanying taxes and levies that usually comes with such transactions. Investors looking to take advantage of this opportunity require a good knowledge on US real estate laws as well as the guideline in the IRS code.
There are quite a few types of 1031 exchanges available for US real estate investors. The first and most common type is the delayed exchange. This is when the time passes between the transfer of the property that is being given up and the receipt of the replacement property asset. The next type is called the simultaneous exchange which basically means that there is no time lapse. Meanwhile, a build-to-suit exchange refers to the use of the proceeds from the original property to augment or improve the newly acquired one. For items involving other than US real estate it is called a personal property exchange while the reverse exchange pertains to the scenario wherein the investor becomes the owner of a new property prior to giving up the old one.
In order for a US property to qualify for a 1031 exchange it must adhere to the rules and regulations stipulated in the Internal Revenue Code particularly the section on excahnges. It stipulates that both the old and the new property being acquired should be used in the taxpayer's line of occupation, business or investment ventures. The replacement property must be similar to one another. The cardinal rule is that if the property is located in the US it is likely that it would qualify. Another stipulation says that the property being given up should be exchanged for another property so that the taxpayer that sells the original land utilizes the funds to purchase a new real estate property would not be able to use the 1031 exchange if he still has the funds before he was able to purchase the new property.
It is important to take note that the investor's personal home does not qualify for the 1031 exchange as well as properties that were primarily used for the intention of bonds, notes, inventory and interest in a partnership to name a few.


A little slow and disappointing, but still a good read for the most part.
Origin, Dan Brown, author; Paul Michael, narrator Edmond Kirsch is an atheist. However, when the book opens, he is preparing to meet with three important leaders, each representing a major religion: Christianity, Islam and Judaism. As he ascends to a magnificent, mountaintop monastery in Spain, he knows that what he is prepared to tell them may very well shock them visibly. He has accumulated certain knowledge that will threaten the core of their religious belief. Although the three leaders quietly panic, they vow to remain silent and think about how to handle the devastating new information, Edward, though, is determined not to remain quiet. He plans to present his thesis to the world, even though it threatens to shake the very foundation of religion and create a worldwide panic. Robert Langdon has received an invitation to his moment of glory, his actual televised presentation at the Guggenheim Museum, in Bilbao, Spain. The event is headed by the Director of the Museum, Ambra Vidal, the fiancé of the future king of Spain, Prince Julian. When Kirsch is murdered during the presentation, chaos reigns. There are too many diversions and tangents which will lead the reader's eyes to glaze over. Some of the descriptions go on too long and are too technical. The final fifth of the book is tedious and the conclusion is unsatisfactory. Still, for most of the book, the reader is kept guessing, as the action moves forward. The most interesting aspects of the novel were the descriptions of various landmarks and attractions like the Fog Sculpture by Fujiko Nakaya, at the Guggenheim, and Antoni Gaudi's Sagrada Familia, a Basilica which was begun in 1886 and is not due to be completed until 2026.


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Teacher blogs > Teaching Now
Education Week reporters explore the latest news on the teaching profession, curriculum and instruction, and testing. Coverage runs the gamut from the inspirational to the infuriating, from practical classroom tips to raging policy debates.
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In Wake of Spring Valley, Teachers Share Ideas on De-Escalating Conflicts
By Elisha McNeil on November 5, 2015 4:38 PM
How can teachers effectively de-escalate conflicts with students?
By now, you've probably heard of the incident that occurred at Spring Valley High School in South Carolina between a female student and a school resource officer that made headlines last week. According to reports, the student refused to leave class after having used her cell phone, despite being told by her teacher and a school administrator to do so. That's when Deputy Sheriff Ben Fields was called in for assistance in removing the student. In the ensuing viral video, Fields can be seen violently removing the girl from her desk and then dragging her across the classroom.
The incident raised tough questions on how teachers should handle uncooperative students in the classroom. In response, educators and experts across the nation have been sharing their input on how they would have handled this and similar situations. We offer some highlights here:
Geoffrey Alpert, a University of South Carolina law enforcement professor, suggests removing other students from the room as one solution.
The girl broke a school rule by using her cell phone in class--but the teacher could have spoken to her quietly, even when she refused to surrender it, rather than delay the lesson for everyone else, Alpert said, according to AP.
Even when the girl refused to leave her seat, Alpert asks, "Why didn't they call a school counselor? She's not doing anything to hurt anyone. She's just being disruptive."
Former Los Angeles teacher and blogger Walt Gardner shares a strategy that he says usually works to avoid escalating the tension.
"First, I would make sure that students understand that electronic devices are to be turned off during class. That's the easy part, which rarely works as the semester wears on and students get bored."
"Second, I would signal by a frown, rather than by a command, to the offender to put away the device. That allows the student to avoid losing face. The student still has the device, but without having to overtly back down."
"Third, if the offender continued, I would tell the student to stand outside the classroom while I continued with the lesson. I would say that we need to talk in private after the bell. Only if the offender ignored all of the above would I summon campus security."
Kenneth Zeichner, a University of Washington education professor, says force should only be applied if weapons are involved or if there is danger to the other students.
"When a student fails to co-operate with a teacher, the first step is to encourage a dialogue and get the student to leave the classroom," Zeichner said in an interview with BBC. "If this fails and the student continues to disrupt class, they are expected to bring in a more senior figure to negotiate compliance. Ideally, they would turn to a counselor or social worker who could better engage the student."
"In a worst case scenario, where the pupil continues to present an issue, the teacher may ask the rest of the class to leave."
"The goal is the safety of the students."
New York teacher and blogger John McCrann shares how he responded to a disruptive student during a confrontation. McCrann accidentally bumped the student's shoulder with his clipboard, in which the student responded by smacking the clipboard to the floor and shouting at McCrann.
"My first thought was, 'how dare this kid, I better yell right back so he knows never to mess with me again.' But that is not what I did."
"I have learned from mentors about how to de-escalate this type of situation. I did not react emotionally. I told the student that he could not act this way toward adults. We moved away from one another and our assistant principal continued the conversation later that period, discussing what had been going on and what consequences he would face for his behavior. We will convene a fairness committee where I will apologize for bumping him and will hope to hear—and accept—his apology for disrupting my class and acting aggressively towards me."
Thomas Bennett, a U.K. school behavior expert, told BBC the biggest mistake that teachers make is thinking they have to deal with the student then and there.
"If they're quiet, teachers are advised to continue on with the lesson, and then make sure they are suspended or removed from school after. If they're persistently disruptive, you ask for someone more senior to come along. This senior figure does not have to be a police officer; instead it can be a principal or counselor."
Honolulu teacher and blogger Christina Torres says unless a student is actively and physically threatening the safety of another person, there's no reason an adult should have any physical altercation with a student.
"If a student doesn't respond to my initial redirection (normally, a whisper or a note saying, 'hand me your phone, please,' or 'put your phone away and let's get on task'), I give them a few minutes. If a student is reluctant, I'll walk away for a few minutes, return, and then repeat myself."
"If a student is silently refusing to do work, I may just write them a note saying, 'How's it going? I'd like you to get on task. We can also talk after class today/at break/in 10 minutes about how you're doing.'"
"If the entire class is being disrupted ... I might ask a student to step outside, and make it clear I want to give them some space, and say something like, 'Why don't you just take a minute outside and get some air. I'll be out in a second so we can talk.'"
"If the student still refuses, then I may involve people outside my room. I try and make it clear what I believe the general outcome will be, and offer them a few ways we can get to there. 'You can either go to the office now, or you can head next door and then we can go to the office after class. Either way, we need to have a discussion in the office, so how would you like to have that happen?'"
More on classroom management:
The Mirror, Not the Measuring Stick: Treat Students With Respect (Opinion)
"Absolute Power Corrupts Absolutely": Thoughts After Spring Valley High (Opinion)
8 Tips for Dealing With Problem Students
Students' Race Affects How Teachers Judge Misbehavior, Study Says
Teachers Often Experience 'Moral Injury' on the Job, Study Finds
During Teacher Appreciation Week, Strike Organizers Reflect on Meaning of Thanks
Teachers Wanted: S.C. Company Hires Cash-Strapped Educators for Warehouse Jobs
Which States Have the Highest and Lowest Teacher Salaries?
Trump Did Attend Teacher of the Year Ceremony, But Two Honorees Boycotted
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The congregation is invited to a potluck at the home of Aaron and Tia Sponsler. Meat, drinks, and table service will be provided. Their pool will be available as well as corn hole and other activities. This fellowship is open to our whole congregation.
Please contact Aaron and Tia for more information.


Fort Hall- Last week Chairman Small and several members of the Fort Hall Business Council toured the Casino Expansion site and met with the project's general contractor, Big-D Construction Corporation, for a monthly update on the Phase II Casino project. Topics discussed included construction management, compliance and work force status, TERO coordination, procurement status, Tribal Gaming coordination meetings and financial updates.
According to an information sheet provided by Big-D Construction, the project currently has an average of 90 plus workers on-site daily and are working closely with TERO to continue to fulfill the needed manpower.
The new casino project adds a state of the art 85,000 square foot casino that will feature amenities including: a 258 seat bingo hall, a new buffet restaurant called The Painted Horse, a 24-hour Deka Gahni Deli, and a new lounge called The Stampede, to the Tribes existing Shoshone-Bannock Hotel and Event Center. These added amenities will add more job opportunities in the Fort Hall community, which has an unemployment rate of around 47%, according to the 2010 Census. The entire southeast Idaho region will benefit from the added jobs and economic activity generated by the Casino Expansion Project.


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Nelson Mandela's Living Legacy
Douglas Foster
As South Africa's most celebrated leader lays in hospital, his party must find a way to serve the youth whose support it desperately needs.
The worldwide clamor over Nelson Mandela's deteriorating health last week provided an eerie curtain-raiser for Sunday's opening of the national convention of the African National Congress. Mandela is 94 and the liberation party he once led is 100 years old. But if you were reading the lavish praise for Mandela pouring in from around the world in what amounted to pre-obituaries, side-by-side with dispatches by foreign correspondents about the state of the ANC as a party in government, you'd be tempted to think that Mandela and the movement that defined his identity came from separate galaxies.
This was the old pattern for observers from outside the party as they tried to square a saintly view of Mandela with a stark conclusion that his successors, both of whom he'd supported, were clueless, corrupt clowns. On Saturday, Mandela survived gallstone surgery as thousands of delegates arrived in the Free State province to elect national party leaders and set policy about everything from economics to land reform through 2017. On the surface, things seemed rather bleak. Growth is down, unemployment up, and measures of inequality, in one of the most unequal societies on the planet, were still running in the wrong direction. A spate of assassinations already had exposed brutal jockeying for power and patronage within the party. As the opening session began, you could hear supporters of the incumbent president, Jacob Zuma, threaten in song to "bring the war" to their hero's rivals. The spectacle suggested a rude question: Was the ANC headed for its deathbed too?
How should we square this view of the situation, taken from the outside in, with the remarkable staying power and enduring popular support of Mandela's party through a century of organizing and nearly two decades in power? As I watched a contest over top offices in the ANC play out on the screen, the voices of young South Africans washed back over me. In hundreds of interviews over the past five years, in cities, townships, informal settlements, and far-flung villages, I'd been chronicling the lived experience of South Africa's young.
Forty percent of the country's population is 18 years old and under. For these so-called "Born Free" South Africans, the events that shaped the worldview of current ANC leaders -- the end of the extreme system of racial segregation known as Apartheid and the arc of Mandela's remarkable life from shoeless country boy to lawyer to guerrilla to prisoner to triumphant president -- seemed like ancient history. Soon enough, by virtue of their vast numbers, the fate of the historic effort to establish a nonracial, non-sexist, and egalitarian society at the southern tip of Africa will land in their hands. An assertion of truly post-liberation views will put an older generation of leaders to the test, but not necessarily immediately shake the party's hold on power, as I discovered in my travels.
In the wake of the World Cup in 2010, my son and I visited Nelson Mandela at his mansion in Johannesburg. He was frail and quite hard of hearing, but he greeted us from a high-backed armchair with a blazing smile and a stunning line: "It's nice that young people still come to see an old man who has nothing new to say." Shortly afterwards, I set off again on a long drive north to Limpopo province, one of the most impoverish regions in the country, tracing the distance from the exclusive suburbs of Houghton, where Mandela lived, to the struggling village of Bungeni.
After a long absence, it was easy to see things had improved considerably for the Mabasa family and for the 12-year-old son I'd met on the soccer field in town. Vunene Mabasa looked, then, like a collection of arms akimbo and knobby knees. Now, he was 15, and he'd stretched out tall and beanpole thin. He led me through a newly constructed home where there was space for a bookshelf in a corner where he could study. Vunene had an earnestly assertive way of expressing his firm intention to become the first medical doctor from his village.
When supper was over, he led me out to a narrow concrete stoop. Above, under an inky night sky, the Milky Way spread out in a brilliant creamy smear. Some of his friends had lost faith entirely in the African National Congress, but he never tired of arguing with them. "My dad is owning a house because of what Mandela did for him -- and did for me," he said, pointedly. "Mandela is also an African hero. Go around Africa and look at all those countries that gained independence. This is the only country that won independence without fighting." Here was the kind of tribute to the iconic figure that an outsider might expect. But, in my years of interviewing teens over the years, I'd grown accustomed to waiting through the unsurprising in order to register the twist. And here it came: "Mandela is our hero here," he went on. "He's like Jesus. As they say, Jacob Zuma is Black Jesus. That means Nelson Mandela is Extreme Black Jesus."
Vunene glanced skyward, perhaps because he was a devout evangelical Christian. Of course, the ANC was always a "broad church," as its leaders liked to say, bringing together socialists, trade unionists, traditional leaders, businessmen, and churches. In 2009, during the most recent national election campaign, President Zuma had played heavily on religious themes, emphasizing his status as a victim "crucified" by the media, for example, and presenting himself as a thoroughly repentant sinner who'd fallen and been redeemed. When urban sophisticates from Cape Town or Johannesburg celebrated the life of Mandela, they often implied that the ANC's succession from Mandela to Mbeki to Jacob Zuma was a matter of devolution. In conversations with young partisans around the country, though, I'd seen how respect for the icon had become indivisible from faith in the party as a whole.
The Rise of Jacob Zuma
This suggested an obvious risk for the ANC as it entered its 101st year, of course. It wasn't formal opposition parties, or criticism from elites or foreign observers, which posed the biggest threat to its continued dominance, but rather the accumulating effect of ANC's failure to deliver to its most patient young true believers. For Vunene, there was visible evidence of the government's efforts to combat poverty in new homes and provide piped-in-water, electricity, and new roads. During the past year, though, party leaders had betrayed the schoolchildren of Limpopo in a profound way.
The chief avenue of social mobility for most young black South Africans, lay in access education and job training. In Limpopo province, the public schools were poorly provisioned and inadequately staffed. What's more, no textbooks in key grades had been delivered all year long, in the ANC's much-vaunted and celebrated centennial year. President Zuma underscored this as a blot on the historical record of the party, in his opening address to the ANC delegates on Sunday. The result of the debacle was that Vunene had his new bookshelf but none of the texts he needed to prepare for the massive exam, run a few weeks ago, that determines whether a young person can go on to college.
When I reached him by telephone last night, Vunene reported without a hint of self-pity that it had been rather difficult to study for the massive exam without textbooks. He and his friends squirreled away their notes, compiled printouts from a few sessions at pricey Internet cafes, and pooled materials sent to them in solidarity by university students. "We used our friends' memories," was the way he put it. Results would come in on January 3. He was doing his best not to worry, and would not be shaken from his dream of becoming a doctor. "There's a big need here, because of tuberculosis and HIV," he'd already told me.
His voice passed through the line loud enough now to drown out speeches from the conference. He'd been thinking of his hero, Mandela. "In life, we do die, it's ordinary. But accepting his death is very hard," he said, adding that he thought it was unfortunate, and strange, that so much fighting should be going on at the ANC convention while Mandela lay in hospital. He hoped party leaders would at least drive out the corrupt and incompetent people who'd failed the schoolchildren of Limpopo. It occurred me that his confidence in the party had faltered, and when the ANC loses the support of its core among young black stalwarts, the party will be over.
Hearing Vunene's voice whisper through the phone reminded me of the tens of millions of lives squandered under Apartheid and also the millions more whose potential, now, remains largely untapped. In this sense, the legacy of Nelson Mandela is still being shaped. It's a flesh-and-blood legacy bound up the lived experience of a new generation, its outcome contingent on the ability of his successors to regain their bearings, correct their course, and fulfill the party's promise.
Douglas Foster is associate professor at Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University and author of After Mandela: The Struggle for Freedom in Post Apartheid South Africa.


Job Summary: Works with customers to identify needs and determine workable solutions using a variety of field concepts, practices and procedures. Ensures customer retention and satisfaction by proactively providing solutions which resolve complaints and bridge communication gaps.
Functional/Technical Skills– Has the functional and technical knowledge and skills to do the job at a high level of accomplishment.
Sitting, bending, stretching, pulling, pushing, reaching and lifting up to 50 lbs.


Inspired by the earth's most sustainable energy source, this custom designed box set includes our Solar Watch and is wrapped in recycled paper. With each box set you will get a Nato strap made from sustainable cork, pencils made from recycled newsprint and a "Rite in the Rain" all-weather notebook. For each box set sold, 5 percent will go to support Conservation International's forest conservation efforts. Together, we will protect 50,000 trees.