I have, alas, been stalled many a night these past winter months in my DSO projects for visiting the Messier and Best NGC objects with my Vixen FL-80S/640mm refractor; The reason has been primarily high atmospheric humidity accompanied by reduced transparency due to haze and fog (further enhancing my suburban light pollution), and this condition is not going to change in the forseable future (*).
I have therefore decided to set out on another astronomical endeavor, which should be feasible also on the many partly cloudy and/or moderately hazy winter nights, where DSOs, or even the fainter OCs, are out of reach. This project will focus on large objects, including stellar associations and molecular clouds, using my small, classic Vixen FL-55S/440mm refractor in "Rich Field" mode with my Masuyama 2" 32mm 85° AFOV eyepiece. I plan on using this setup in both traditional Japanese "straight through" mode for 14x @ 5½° TFOV (XP~4mm), and in the more comfortable western mode using my Zeiss eyepiece turret with 1.5xGPC for 20x @ 4° TFOV (XP~3mm).
(*) On January 25. 2017 the EAA ( European Environmental Agency) of the European Union published their latest report on climate change, stating that European Atlantic/Continental border regions such as Denmark must prepare for warmer winters with heavy precipitation and storms (including coastal flooding events) and more dry summers with draughts and forest fires.
Quote chairman of the EAA: "Climate change will continue for many decades to come. The scale of future climate change and its impacts will depend on the effectiveness of implementing our global agreements to cut greenhouse gas emissions, but also ensuring that we have the right adaptation strategies and policies in place to reduce the risks from current and projected climate extremes.
Edited by AllanDystrup, 02 February 2017 - 08:57 AM.
My first RFOs (Rich Field Objects) will be stellar associations: groups of stars - often with associated nebulosity -, that have a common origin and are close to our solar system in the Milky Way galaxy. Hence they look looser, brighter and larger than what we typically classify as open clusters, and thus they are often more easily observed in challenging observing conditions.
some are older (~1-5 GYR) weakely bound Moving Clusters with stars of common origin, like the Plough in UMa - including our own sun -, and the Hyades in Taurus.
My first RFO target is the Orion OB-1 stellar association, which includes dozens of giant luminous O- and B-type stars embedded in the large Orion Molecular Cloud (OMC) complex. Around 12 MYR ago the shock waves of early supernovae in this association blew out the Orion-Eridanus superbubble, including Bernard's Loop and the Witch Head nebulae, and at the same time initiated an intense star formation in the interstellar gas and dust medium (ISM), including 4 main subgroups of O-and B-stars plus thousands of lower-mass protostars.
Orion OB1b –Orion's Belt, age 2-8 MYR, incl. Delta, Epsilon and Zeta plus Sigma Ori.
Orion OB1c – Orion's Sword, age 2-6 MYR years, incl. NGC 1981, NGC 1973/5/7 and Iota Ori.
The Orion OB-1a subgroup of the stellar association is located at Orion's upper hip, just NW of the belt star Delta Ori. It is the oldest (~12 MYR) and largest (960' x 960') of the subgroups, created when shock waves from supernovae in the Gould's Belt hit the Orion Molecular Cloud (OMC). This event initiated an intense stellar burst, and after ~4 MYR some massive O-stars from the first generation in the OB-1a association went supernova. This event blew up the Orion-Eridanus Bubble in the OMC (creating Bernard's Loop and the Witch Head), which then initiated the stellar burst of the second Orion subgroup: OB-1b.
On my drawing, only Del Ori (Mintaka, which belongs to the OB-1b association) is type O, while most of the other bright stars are massive early type B stars (with a few exceptions such as: Ori 31, 27 and the group around 21 Orionis). Furthermore, most of the fainter stars I was able to spot in my rich field view are later type B-stars.
The OB-1a group contains a cluster of somewhat younger (7-10 MYR) stars centered around 25 Ori. This cluster was probably created by the passing supernova bubble, that also initiated the OB-1b subgroup. Most of the members of this cluster are of 10-11m and fainter magnitudes, so I was not able to spot them using my wide field 14x mag. eyepiece.
An interesting project, for sure! However, I would have believed that it was precisely this kind of objects that benefitted the most from dark and clear skies, especially since you're going to use such low magnifications?
Now that we're talking about hazy nights, I was out yesterday evening and it was certainly hazy! Strangely, deep-sky contrast wasn't bad, but the objects were *severely* dimmed. I opted to observe a number of double stars instead. I think I probably should do more double star work again, as they're not hit particularly hard by haze.
Excellent all around - great scope, great project, great information, and a great sketch. I will be following this with great interest.
Well Thomas, my recent experience observing in low transparency has been, that some DSO objects, I wanted to study (such as M79 and M46), were right out impossible or very hard to see any details in. ...While at the same nights, I was able to see at least the brightest members of several close and wide stellar associations.
You are also right, that some of the smaller/more distant and hence fainter OB-associations and nebulae will benefit from higher magnification than 14x-20x, -- but I will have no problem adjusting the magnification and FOV on my setup to fit the given object, while still aiming at a reasonable "rich field" experience. I do plan to do that.
Like you, I am also contemplating a double star project, which I plan to do with my classic Zeiss C63/840 Telemator (I do have the position circle, so there's really no excuse :-) -- but I'd like to at least round up all the (possible from my latitude) Messiers with my 80mm refractor, before setting out on that journey. And now I also have the brighter rich field objects to hunt down on hazy nights (ahh, but that "foggy, foggy dew...").
Edited by AllanDystrup, 02 February 2017 - 12:54 PM.
The southernmost Messiers are extremely hard from our latitude. My personal strategy has been to mostly ignore them, except on those very rare, perfect nights, where it's clear right down to the horizon. There are more than enough interesting and overlooked bright NGC (and others) to make up for them.
Allan, I've been getting progressively more interested in stellar associations for some time, but I'm not familiar with the technical literature. Are there any particular sources you'd recommend for someone just getting started in this area?
Do a Google search for "Gould's Belt." And don't forget to select the images tab as well; there are pages of those which can lead to interesting byways.This will dredge up much good material to keep one busy on a cloudy night or two. The Gould Belt is a fascinating sub-structure of our Local spiral arm, within which we coincidentally happen to be located. It traces a great circle about the sky, tilted some 18 degrees to the galactic equator, and is nicely delineated around its periphery by numerous, young OB associations. Indeed, most of the better ones accessible to us are the Gould belt associations, due to their nearness, ranging from about 475 to 2,000 l-y.
Many of the non-Gould belt associations, and particularly those more distant than about 5,000 l-y, are not so readily discriminated due to confusion with the profusion of unrelated field stars along the lines of sight. They tend to blend camouflage-like into the general starry richness of the milky way. In such cases, the more prominent clusters and nebulae (skies/filters permitting) often associated are what will call attention.
Edited by GlennLeDrew, 02 February 2017 - 06:52 PM.
Mwedel , -- I consider myself a newbie to this area of astronomy, and though I've looked around, I haven't found any single "consolidated" source of information for these interesting objects. The closest is actually Glenn LeDrew's excellent summary of the Gould's Belt complex (see ref above), which puts the large scale OB-associations and nebulae in the neighbourhood of our sun into context, structurally as well as evolutionary. I can only recommend Glenn's article as a starting point for understanding and observing stellar associations.
Glenn, -- Thanks a lot for the reference to your primer on the Gould's Belt -- you've done a great service to the community by researching, compiling and presenting this information to fellow amateur astronomers!
Edited by AllanDystrup, 03 February 2017 - 05:45 AM.
The star formation in the Orion OB-1b subgroup was sparked around 5-8 MYR ago by the first supernovae in the older Orion OB-1a subgroup. It contains the three massive, hot and bright blue-white supergiant belt stars: Zeta (Alnitak, type O9), Eta (Alnilam, type B0) and Delta (Mintaka, type O9) Orionis.
The multiple star system Sigma Ori (type O9), although younger ~2-4 MYR, is also included in this subgroup, as are the >100 fainter stars in the cluster Collinder 70, of which the brightest (most of which are 6m-8m B-stars) are arranged in a beautiful chain, winding like a figure "S" around the middle belt star Eps Ori, -- strikingly reminding of a pearl necklace. How fitting indeed, that the root of the arabic name for Epsilon Orionis, "Al nażm" means: "String of Pearls"!
The strong UV-radiation from the hot Sigma Orionis giant is responsible for exciting the hydrogen gas in the close by IC434 emission nebula, making it glow faintly in red, thus forming a backdrop for the embedded Horsehead dark nebula (B33). To the south-east of Zeta Orionis is the Flame emission nebula (NGC 2024), lit up by hot stars inside the gas, with dark lanes of dust obscuring the central part.These fragments of the OMC are considered part of the Orion OB-1b complex, -- but they are too faint to be observed by my rich field setup.
Edited by AllanDystrup, 03 February 2017 - 10:03 AM.
Nice endeavor. If you look up Mel Bartells in the sketching forum you'll see some of his Integrated Flux Nebula drawings.
I do miss my 70mm achromat for its low power widefields, gotta get one whdn monies better.
Allan, that's another great sketch of Orion's belt. Sigma Orionis is one of my favorites. Somehow it had fallen through the cracks in my observing until a couple of years ago, but now I check in on it almost every time I go out. According to the Wikipedia page (link), Sigma Orionis is the heart of a small open cluster which is itself a subset of Orion OB-1b. I don't know how many other cluster members are visible in amateur scopes, but that area seems ripe for a closer investigation (by me, I'm not trying to give you any more work!).
Thanks again for starting this thread. I've pointed it out to friends of mine who are also stuck under less-than-perfect city skies, and we're excited about having some new targets for nights when we can't get out to anywhere darker (although I'm sure we'll be revisiting these areas when we can do so under dark skies). I'm looking forward to more installments as time and opportunity allow.
Here's an observation I made 2 years ago, of the main components, Sigma Ori ABDE (STF 762) and STF 761 ABC.
I didn't catch the close STF 762 c, nor the faint STF 761 E.
which are also considered members of the cluster in a wider sense -- nice!
And now I'll definitely do a wider field study of the cluster, and compare it to the splendid Wiki photo!
Edited by AllanDystrup, 03 February 2017 - 02:36 PM.
I have started viewing OB Associations as well. But the Southwestern US has had some truly bad weather until recently. I do hope that it will clear up for New Moon in February. Once I get some viewing done I will post.
The latest edition of The Backyard Astronomer's Guide contains a milky way atlas I made specifically for the book. It delineates the Gould Belt midplane and all its associations, as well as a fair number of other OB associations in the Local, Sagittarius and Perseus arms. It plots stars to magnitude 9, in color based on their B-V color index, and in a pseudo-photorealistic format.
I wrote the software to generate the plots, and did much work in Photoshop to realize the finished appearance.
While my own approach is based on using image intensifiers, I completely understand your intent and can assure you that it is an undertaking that could be very rewarding.
Even in a 40 degree true field, I look around and see these great star associations all over the sky. Most I am sure are uncatalogued and probably are not truly related in any way, but in a 40 degree and 12 degree true field I see wonderful groupings all over the sky.
I think your project will be fun and hope you enjoy it.
Relatively short time (~2 MYR) after the Orion OB-1b subgroup was created, the third large area of stellar birth in the Orion OB-1 association was sparked, developing into the Orion OB-1c subgroup, the "Sword" of Orion. This is a marvelous area to behold in a rich field telescope!
In the center of my ~5° view is the Great Orion Nebula, M42, - the gigantic hydrogen and dust cloud ionized by Theta-1 Orionis (the Trapezium, with one O6 plus three early B main components). Also seen just SW of the Trap is the string of three components forming the Theta-2 Orionis complex (the Orion "Mini Belt"), and to the NW of the Trap is a faintly hazy ~6m B0-star marking the center of M43 (the De Marian or Comma Nebula).
North of the bright M42-43 emission/reflection nebulae is a small cluster of stars lightening up three fainter fragments of reflection nebulae (NGC 1973/75/77 – the "Running Man"). The nebulosity however can't be seen in my rich field setup. Still further up north is the open cluster NGC 1981, commonly known as the "Alligator OC" (I, however, tend to see it as the Bucking Bronco, -- and if I include the ~6m star just to the N, I can even see a Buckaroo on the Bucking Bronco... ).
South of M42 the ~3m O9-star Iota Orionis immediately catches the eye. This is a wonderful multiple star system (reminescent of Sigma Orionis in subgroup OB-1b). I can't resolve Iota itself (STF 752), but I can see the two components of STF 747 just SW of Iota, and I (think I) can glimpse STF 745 to the east, as a faint ~8m star... The whole group is cataloged as NGC 1980 (also known as CR 72), and there's some reflection nebulosity from the OMC associated with Iota's strong radiation; But I can't see this in my wide field view.
All in all this has to be one of the best wide field views in the night sky for small telescopes, and besides the beautiful overall view, there are endless details to hunt down in open clusters, double/multiple star systems and all types of nebulae (EN,RN,Dark). The central region of OB-1c has even been designated its own subgroup : Orion OB-1d, because of its young age (< 0.1 MYR), where the shock waves from the newborn hot OB-stars are ramming into the dense ISM, giving rise to several stellar nurseries, including HH-objects and T-Associations embedded in M42-43.
Edited by AllanDystrup, 05 February 2017 - 01:08 AM.
Here's a couple of my recent recordings of Orion OB-1d (the M42-43 region of "The Sword").
The first is a drawing at 43x in 0.9dg FOV (80mm refractor, 25mm orthoscopic EP).
The second is a snapshot from a live video session, using my small R2 security cam at 110x in ~½dg FOV.
I have marked some HH-objects I was able to locate on the image.
I'd be interested in any sources describing further structures in the M42-23 nebulae, such as shock fronts, HH-objects, T-associations, dark nebulae and other.
Edited by AllanDystrup, 04 February 2017 - 07:50 AM.
Back in my 'sketching' days, during the mid-90's, I used an old University Optics 80mm f3 RFT to sketch a number of OB associations.
At the time, my main source of finding these objects was from a Sky & Tel article in their Jan 1986 issue - "IN PURSUIT OF O-B ASSOCIATIONS"
Besides the Orion objects, which you can see on my page, my favorite is Perseus OB-1 (Double Cluster) & OB-3 (Alpha Persei Association).
Nowadays, I've gone totally over to the dark-side, given up sketching for video-astronomy!
While observing and contemplating these stellar families, don't overlook their wayward children, the runaway stars.
For instance, three runaways are far removed from Ori OB1; AE Aur, lighting up the Flaming Star nebula, mu Col and 53 Ari. The latter escaped from OB1a, it seems, while the first two appear to have been ejected by OB1c, if not the Trapezium itself. The other star related to this runaway pair could be the more massive omi Ori, itself appearing to have escaped the Trapezium at a much lower velocity. Fascinating dynamics!
Another interesting runaway; nu And, located very near M31, having been ejected from the Lac OB1 association.
And yet another; zeta Oph, lighting up the huge and dim nebula Sh2-27, escaped from the Sco OB2 group, also known as Upper Sco.
It's neat to see and to contemplate upon how far these stars have traveled across the sky in the roughly one million years since leaving their parent groups.
A handy rule of thumb: One km/s very closely equals 1 pc/Myr.
Another fiducial of sorts, by which to compare: Earth orbits the Sun at nearly 30 km/s, meaning that after 1 million years it has covered nearly 30 parsecs!
The runaway star velocity criterion is taken to be 30 km/s and faster, with respect to the local standard of rest at the parent group's location.
I forgot to mention why the seemingly arbitrary runaway velocity threshold is 30 km/s. It's 3-sigma larger the velocity dispersion of 10 km/s for young disk objects. The 3-sigma envelope for a Gaussian distribution includes 99.5% of the sample. Beyond this, statistically we can take such 'outliers' as having a good probability of being not of the population most represented by the data.
Young disk objects born of the molecular clouds confined to the thin disk--where most star formation occurs--necessarily share the same nearly circular orbits about the galactic center. This near circularity results from the tendency for colliding gas clouds to settle toward circularity of their orbits, for the same reason that the particles in a planetary ring system do.
The molecular cloud velocity dispersion is about 7 km/s, while the young star velocity dispersion is a slightly higher 10 km/s due to the 'warmer' kinematics resulting from gravitatinal encounters in compact systems that lead to escape for some.
Over time, continued 'disk heating' due principally to massive molecular cloud encounters 'stirs up' the stellar population, making for more elliptical orbits and also inducing increased vertical oscillation through the disk plane. This increases the velocity dispersion, pretty much continuously with time.
Youthful stars which have a significant peculiar velocity with respect to their local standards of rest are therefore likely to have acquired such motion from an ejection event. The two mechanisms possible are dynamical, where a binary, trinary, etc., is disrupted by an internal or external stellar encounter, or via a supernova in a binary system (the pair unbinds after the shell material from the blast passes the orbit of the companion.) In either scenario, a star in a close orbit can have a velocity up to about 200 km/s. Initially after the unbinding event it would be departing at up to this speed, decelerating due to the (decreasing) gravitational attraction by its former companion(s).
And so we can have hot, young stars like AE Aur and zeta Oph purely by chance lighting up remnant periheral gas in departure/dissolution (Sh2-27), or even quite unrelated clouds (IC 405) as they whiz through space.
Hold the phone - an 80mm f/3!? Refractor? Reflector? I have a strong, verging on unhealthy, interest in RFTs. I'd love to know more about that scope.
Glenn, thanks for the info on runaway stars. That 1 km/s ~ 1 pc/Myr thing is both helpful and mind-blowing. As a paleontologist by day and a stargazer by night, I'm always looking for ways to wrap my own head around the scales of time and space we're dealing with, and to convey them to others. The idea that there are as many kilometers in a parsec as there are seconds in a million years is a stunner.
Here are the three slingshot "runaways" from the Orion OB-1 complex, as described by Glenn .
The three hot O/B stars were all evicted by supernova explosions and/or close gravitational interactions, -- the 5m type B1 53 Ari left 4-5 MYR ago at a speed of ~50 km/sec, while 6m type B0 AE Aur and 5m type O8 Mu Col left later (~2½ MYR ago) but faster (at 100 km/sec).
The radial movements of all three can be traced back to the same stellar nursery in OB-1 ("three flew over the cucoo's nest..."). One theory states, that AE Aur and Mu Col were a binary, that got too close to another double/multiple star system (very probably the Iota Orionis group), which got them torn apart and flung out in opposite directions.
Edited by AllanDystrup, 05 February 2017 - 04:04 AM.


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Olmert: Israel ready to make "painful…
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Olmert: Israel ready to make "painful concessions"
PUBLISHED: April 24, 2007 at 12:00 a.m. | UPDATED: September 12, 2018 at 12:00 a.m.
JERUSALEM — Prime Minister Ehud Olmert marked Israel"s Memorial Day for fallen soldiers Monday with a new call for peace with the Palestinians, saying his country was prepared to make "far-reaching compromises" and "very painful concessions."
But he also said Israel would hit militants "until they are destroyed," following a weekend of fighting that left nine Palestinians dead.
The remarks demonstrated Olmert"s attempt to strike a balance between appealing for peace and projecting strength on a Memorial Day made especially poignant by the deaths of 119 Israeli soldiers in last summer"s war against Hezbollah militants in Lebanon.
The Israeli leader recently started a round of talks with the moderate Palestinian president, Mahmoud Abbas, in hopes of jump-starting peace efforts that have been stalled for years.
At the same time, Israel has pushed forward with its war against Palestinian militants.
Speaking at a nationally televised ceremony, Olmert said the country owed it to its fallen soldiers to continue "the vital effort to achieve the peace we long for" and to "seriously consider every diplomatic initiative."
The 22-country Arab League recently renewed a five-year-old initiative offering Israel peace with the Arab world in return for giving up all the territories it captured in the 1967 Mideast war.
The plan also calls for a solution for Palestinian refugees and their millions of descendants.
Israel objects to a full withdrawal to the pre-1967 lines and has ruled out return of refugees to former homes inside Israel. Nonetheless, Olmert has welcomed the Arab plan as a basis for negotiations.
"We will respect those of our neighbors who desire peace with us," Olmert said at a second ceremony Monday for Israeli civilians killed in Arab attacks. Israel would "discuss diplomatic agreements and the future of the ties between us with good will and readiness to make painful concessions," he said.
But referring to militants targeting Israelis, Olmert said Israel "will never cease to pursue them and strike at them until they are destroyed."
Nine Palestinians were killed in fighting with Israel over the weekend. Most of the dead were militants, but Palestinians said at least two civilians were killed, including a 17-year-old girl.
The renewed violence drew calls from Palestinian moderates for Abbas to cut off contacts with Olmert, while the Islamic militant group Hamas, which leads a coalition government with Abbas" Fatah movement, called for renewed attacks against Israelis.
In his speeches, Olmert also mentioned possible prisoner swap deals for the release of an Israeli soldier held by Hamas-linked militants in Gaza and for two others held by Hezbollah.
He said freeing the soldiers was deeply important, but Israel would not repeat previous mistakes by releasing violent prisoners who then carried out more attacks against Israelis.
Olmert said there would be "no escape in the end from making a difficult decision" on trading prisoners for the captured Israeli troops.
In Lebanon, a top Hezbollah official on Sunday said U.N.-mediated negotiations on a prisoner swap are being conducted in a "serious" manner, but there have been no results.
Separately Monday, the Palestinians" top security official, Interior Minister Hani Kawasmeh, submitted his resignation during a Cabinet meeting, saying he was unable to carry out his plan to bring law and order to the chaotic Palestinian territories.
Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh refused to let him step down, senior officials said.
Officials said Kawasmeh had grown frustrated over the delays in moving forward with his plan, which calls for reforms in the numerous Palestinian security forces.
Kawasmeh also has complained that he has not been given sufficient decision-making powers, said Mohammed Madhoun, an aide to the prime minister.
The interior minister holds an extremely sensitive post, overseeing many of the security forces. Hamas and Fatah argued for months over who would hold the position in their unity government before settling on Kawasmeh, a political independent.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Dublin protesters are refusing to leave an unoccupied building which the high court has deemed an illegal operation.
Protesters are refusing to vacate an unoccupied Dublin property which the high court has deemed an illegal operation.
41 Belvedere Place, which is owned by MJH Property Management, has been unused for two years and is one of three uninhabited buildings that protesters occupied in the city. Members of the activist group 'Take Back The City' unlawfully entered the building in an attempt to highlight the effects the housing crisis has had in Dublin.
They aim to bring attention to the hundreds of deserted properties that exist in Dublin that could potentially be used to stabilise the affordable housing shortage that continues to have impacts on the current housing crisis.
The activists have defied the legal notice to vacate the building served to them by Mr Justice Tony O'Conner of the High Court last month. The court heard that the building is not currently safe and does not meet fire safety regulations. It is unknown how long these protesters plan to stay in the building.
MJH Property Management also claimed to have plans for the site to be developed into apartments for either sale or letting but no action to complete these has occurred since they occupied the building in 2016.
Approximately 590 vacant homes are confirmed to be in Dublin City Council's possession and nearly 1400 are recorded homeless families.
The College View has reached out to the council regarding this matter but is yet to receive a response.


Dr. Miller's seminar at Berklee College in Boston Sept. 30, 2013.
Dr. Miller presented at Berklee College in Boston Sept. 30, 2013.
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BGMT at Duke Univ Feb 15, 2019!
Bio-guided Music Therapy – Sat Dec 8th, Fargo North Dakota at Eventide!
Dr. Eric Miller, Ph.D. MT-BC biofeedback therapist and board-certified music therapist is author of Bio-guided Music Therapy (2011) Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Dr. Miller is an Asst. Professor at the University of North Dakota where he directs the music therapy program . He served as inaugural Coordinator for the David Ott Lab for Music & Health at Montclair University in the Music Therapy Dept. and as Executive Director of Music for People. International presentations include sessions at the World Music Therapy Congress, Japan, Vienna and Seoul, S. Korea, workshops at Hsien Chuan University in Tapei, Taiwan, Kiental, Switzerland, Cogolin, France and Torino, Italy. Dr. Miller also serves as Executive Director of nonprofit organization Expressive Therapy Concepts and founded the Biofeedback Network. Miller collaborated with Grammy-winning cellist, David Darling on the instrumental CD Jazzgrass.


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AIQ: Investment Thinking
Designing the future city: An interview with Carlo Ratti
In this Q&A, architect and MIT lecturer Carlo Ratti discusses the forces that are shaping the future of cities, from new urban technologies to the impact of climate change.
'Senseable' is the word that best encapsulates Ratti's optimistic vision for the future of cities. He believes new technologies will enable urban spaces to become more environmentally sustainable, and more responsive to their inhabitants' needs. His architectural practice has produced innovations of its own: among its projects is the Digital Water Pavilion in the Spanish city of Zaragoza, whose walls are composed of digitally controlled water droplets that can be smoothly reconfigured according to the occupier's wishes. The project was named one of TIME Magazine's 'Best Inventions of the Year' in 2008.
In a wide-ranging interview with AIQ, Ratti discussed new urban technologies; philosophies of urban planning; the challenges of financing long-term development projects; and the impact of climate change.
What do you see as the key economic and societal benefits of the trend towards smart cities? And what are the main implications for governments and policymakers?
I see the concept of smart cities as reflecting current technological trends: the spaces around us are becoming permeated with digital data. The Internet is becoming the Internet-ofThings (IoT); a fusion of bits and atoms. This process has already started, and its manifestations are everywhere; from energy to waste management, from mobility to water distribution, from city planning to citizen engagement.
However, I prefer the term 'senseable' cities, which better encapsulates the social benefits gained by embedding IoT technologies into urban spaces, as opposed to the technology per se. 'Senseable' implies both the sensitivity of digital technologies capable of sensing and responding to citizens' needs and the more human quality of being 'sensible'; of keeping people and their desires at the centre.
A recent ABI report suggested smart city technologies could drive more than five per cent incremental growth and US$20 trillion in additional economic benefits over the next ten years. Are such numbers credible?
I have not read the report and I am not an economist. It is also difficult to predict the future: think about McKinsey's famous prediction in 1980 that the number of mobile subscribers in the US by 2000 would be 900,000, which resulted in AT&T deciding not to join the mobile market at the time. McKinsey's prediction turned out to be one per cent of the true number of mobile subscribers in 2000. But I do think, if we look at the broader trend of IoT, it is like a second wave of the digital revolution, 20 years later. Its impact could be huge.
You use Robert Moses vs Jane Jacobs to frame the inherent tension between centralised planning and the tech-fuelled decentralisation that smart cities seem to thrive on. How can this be resolved, if indeed it needs to be at all?
I do not think we need to resolve this tension and pick one side or the other. Ultimately, a number of decisions will always have to be made and implemented in a topdown way. The important thing is to create conduits for participation and feedback loops within these systems. The good news: the Internet allows us to – potentially – increase participation. We could say that it is as if Moses and Jacobs were connected on Twitter and able to make decisions collaboratively.
The role of architects might also change. For instance, instead of the 20th-century breed of 'starchitects', commanding figures imposing their designs on people, we should embrace a new role, one I like to call the 'choral architect'. This term refers to the more collective idea of a chorus with a conductor, who is needed to harmonize different voices and, among other things, start and end the rehearsal.
Your vision for a senseable city throws up all sorts of privacy issues. Given the vast amounts of Big Data that the whole system is predicated on, are we in urgent need of a Digital Deal for Data, as Sandy Pentland and Tim BernersLee have both called for? What might this type of deal look like?
The key issue is not in our cities but much closer to us – in our pockets! Our smartphones know everything about our lives and share this information with different operating systems, applications and network operators. A key issue to be addressed today is asymmetry of information, where just a few companies and public institutions know a lot about us, while we know so little about them.
In itself, Big Data essentially means a better knowledge of the urban environment, and its applications can be numerous. It can be used to empower people, supplying them with information and a greater ability to affect their environment. But it can also be used as an instrument of control, as in a super-powerful secret police on a scale never seen before.
To avoid this, we need to find solutions for how to avoid the danger of data monopolies or data misuse. At MIT, we have been working extensively on the ethical and moral issues connected to Big Data. In 2013, we launched an initiative called 'Engaging Data', involving leading figures from government, privacy rights groups, academia and business.
Which cities and countries are leading the way in smart city development? Are there differences between developed economies and emerging markets in terms of how much tech companies are getting involved?
We are talking about a worldwide phenomenon, the iterations of which vary greatly. Today, different cities are playing in different dimensions. For instance, Singapore is piloting exciting projects related to future mobility, Copenhagen to sustainability, Boston to citizen participation and so on.
Your question about developed and emerging economies is particularly interesting. Often, in their infancy, it might seem like new technologies exacerbate societal gaps. However, their subsequent dissemination can help reduce the gaps and cause a 'leapfrogging' effect. Take for instance what happened with mobile phones. At the start, they were the exclusive preserve of the Western upper classes. However, fast forward a couple of decades and they have become widespread across the world. In Africa, countries without an existing telecommunications infrastructure are leapfrogging and leading the way in many applications – from mobile banking and informing farmers with real-time crop information to the empowerment of fishermen with real-time market prices, to name just a few.
As an architect by background, how important will collaboration be across academic fields and disciplines in creating smart functional solutions?
A few years ago, Nature magazine noted that a large percentage of scientific articles are written by more than one person, reporting this as evidence of an increase in collaborative processes. Now, this must happen in design as well. A useful concept here is 'network specificism', which can be considered an answer to the risks of a design scene that is growing increasingly uniform and indifferent to its context. This was explored in a 2013 article in Architectural Review that I co-authored with Antoine Picon, Alex Haw and Matthew Claudel.
The same happens at our lab at MIT, where we have people from all kinds of disciplines – design and architecture, various branches of engineering and computer science, mathematics and physics and also the social sciences, which is necessary for understanding the human side of things.
We are also proud of holding a broader definition of diversity, not only transdisciplinary but also based on provenance, educational path, gender and sexual orientation. It is an approach that educates us to embrace diversity and – as a result – new ideas.
How can public and private finance work most effectively to deliver the outcomes that are optimal for society?
The "invisible hand" of the market, as Adam Smith put it, tends to work well for the majority. However, as we all know, it is not always inclusive of minorities, and the well-being and participation of minorities is essential to cities. By definition, these are places of encounter between different parts of society. Governments need to act to make sure such encounters and exchanges happen seamlessly.
Joint ventures representing a variety of different interests might help – such as PPP or, even better, what we could call PPPP (public-private partnerships with people).
We read a lot that private investors are looking at infrastructure but there is a dearth of opportunities. Could the smart city phenomenon address this?
I do not think that there is a dearth of opportunities; to the contrary. For instance, recently I was talking to my colleague and friend Richard Florida, who is currently carrying out research in this field. He believes 'urban tech' – a lot of the tech that underpins smart cities including ride-hailing apps, smart construction, etc. – is now the largest investment area in the world, even bigger than biotech.
Similarly, how would smart cities deal with the timing mismatch of having to make long-term capital commitments required to build out the infrastructure, and the increasing rate of change these cities will be exposed to? Infrastructure projects require large capital outlays and often expensive capex to keep them relevant. And if the world keeps changing faster and faster, it makes it difficult to know which ideas to invest in over the long term and which new ideas will themselves be disrupted.
You are right, this is a very important point. The urban 'hardware' we build today might last 50, 100 or 200 years. But the 'software', the way we use it, might change radically in just a decade.
We need architecture and urban design with built-in flexibility and adaptability
To address this, I believe 'futureproofing' is an important concept. Futureproofing means recognising that we do not know how the future will shape up and need cities to be compatible with various outcomes. We need architecture and urban design with built-in flexibility and adaptability, and the potential to develop along with changing technologies and realities without becoming obsolete.
One practical example is the design of a flexible parking garage we developed at CRA-Carlo Ratti Associati as part of a wider project for an office building in Singapore. As of today, due to city regulations, we need many parking spaces in urban areas. However, urban mobility patterns are evolving quickly, and with the advent of self-driving cars and the increase in car-sharing and bike-sharing platforms, the presence of vehicles in cities might decline – making such huge parking garages obsolete, occupying precious urban space. Our concept of a parking lot was inherently adaptable: we imagined that many spaces for cars would eventually be freed up for other activities.
Many of the projects you are involved with feature significant amounts of green space as an integral part of building design. How important is green space in the development of cities, and to what extent do you see these integrated green spaces evolving beyond 'high-end' or 'iconic' developments to standard office space or affordable housing?
Nature is crucial to the development of 21st-century cities. Ever since the ancient Greek poet Theocritus wrote his pastoral idylls romanticising rural life, people have pondered how to build cities that are in concert with their natural surroundings. But with rates of urbanisation growing exponentially around the world, the need for greener cities has never been more urgent. Fortunately, innovation and technology can help strike this long-elusive balance.
In the late 20th century, most early urbanisation in the West was characterised by sprawl: development patterns that crashed against nature; connected not by green spaces and parks but by endless ribbons of impervious pavement. As planners recognise the shortcomings of such approaches, we should reverse the equation: how can nature be returned to the city?
As an example, last spring in Milan we unveiled our Living Nature exhibit, a 500-square-meter (5,381-square-foot) pavilion that can recreate four seasons simultaneously under the same roof. The goal of the project was to spark conversation about sustainable design and illustrate the surprising ways nature wil be integrated into cities and homes of the future. For example, we are currently developing one of the tallest skyscrapers in Singapore for CapitaLand, along with Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG), which will include a tropical urban forest at its core. Our proposal for the new scientific campus of the University of Milan also stresses green spaces: in addition to the greenery we have designed for its courtyards and roofs, we have planned a series of botanical gardens, experimental greenhouses and sports fields linked to the area's waterways in a completely pedestrianised campus.
More generally, advances in hydroponic and aeroponic farming techniques, together with efficient LED lights, make it easier to grow vegetables in confined spaces. While cities will never replace rural areas as the world's main source of nutrition, a higher percentage of food can be cultivated in urban areas. This applies not only to 'high-end' or 'iconic' developments but to more standard office space and affordable housing.
More than a century ago, the French geographer Élisée Reclus astutely predicted that people would always need "the dual possibility of gaining access to the delights of the city… and, at the same time, the freedom that is nourished by nature." Reclus' ideal was visionary, if premature. But today, thanks to new technologies and bold thinking, the urban-rural divide in city planning is slowly closing.
With global warming and cities already significantly hotter than surrounding areas (not to mention more polluted), what new building techniques and technologies do you see emerging to combat this?
There could be various strategies. The first is to make cities more efficient: as they consume up to 50 per cent of the planet's energy, small improvements can have a significant impact at the global scale in reducing CO2 emissions. The second strategy is to plan for adaptation, as I mentioned before when talking about 'futureproofing'. We need to plan and design with the realities of climate change in mind, embedding adaptability and responsiveness to future climate eventualities. A third strategy will be needed in case things were to spin out of control: would it be possible to implement geoengineering strategies that will put the planet back on track?
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Picardo set for last budget before Brexit
Chief Minister Fabian Picardo is today expected to deliver "a cautious and prudent" budget as Gibraltar prepares for the countdown to Brexit.
Mr Picardo, who will be delivering his seventh budget as Chief Minister, is expected to report growth in all key areas of the Rock's economy.
A spokesman for No.6 Convent Place said key indicators including the number of people in employment in the economy will be up.
Conversely, Mr Picardo is expected to report that the number of unemployed people and those actively seeking employment is at a record low.
However the challenges posed by Gibraltar's withdrawal from the EU will be reflected in the Gibraltar Government's spending plans for the financial year ahead.
Likewise there will be much attention focused on the Chief Minister's analysis of GDP and Gibraltar economic performance during the 2017/18 financial year that has just ended, given the uncertainty surrounding Brexit during that time.
"The Chief Minister is expected to deliver a cautious and prudent budget which will nonetheless be ambitious in seeking continued growth and in preparing Gibraltar to be 'match fit' when we leave the European Union on the 29th March next year," the spokesman for No.6 said.
Investment in education, health, housing and sport are expected to feature prominently in the government's spending plans.
As has happened in previous budgets under the GSLP/Liberals, the minimum wage is expected to continue to rise.
There is also expectation that Social Insurance contributions, which had remained static since 2010 and but were raised for the first time last year, will increase again.
Mr Picardo is expected to report to the House that the underlying fundamentals of the Gibraltar economy and its public finances remain strong, with the Gibraltar Government having finished the year with a cash reserve well in excess of £110m.
But his assessment of the state of public finances will inevitably draw flak from the GSD, which has questioned government spending and financial accountability.
The GSD has also repeatedly urged the government to rein in spending and debt in the face of Brexit, a message it will likely reinforce once again during this week's budget debate.


1. Brass body material: CuZn39Pb2, CW617n, CW614n, HPb59-1, HPb57-3, MS58, DZR.
15. Goods in stock! D15 to DN100, immediately shipment!
Filter valve is mainly installed in pipeline together with the valve, relief valve, water valves or other equipment inlet end, to remove the impurities in the medium,the working medium include water ,oil and gas,the normal pressure is 1.6Mpa,the working temperature is -10℃≤t≤120℃.


text:
Sheldon Hawkes est un personnage de fiction, héros de la série télévisée Les Experts : Manhattan. L'acteur américain Hill Harper joue ce rôle.

Biographie

Sheldon Hawkes est le chef des médecins légistes. Élevé à Harlem, il est un enfant surdoué et obtient son diplôme de chirurgien très tôt. Cet accès prématuré à de grosses responsabilités ne lui laisse pas le temps d'apprendre à gérer la pression. N'ayant pu sauver deux de ses patients et traumatisé par cet échec, il décide d'abandonner une brillante carrière de chirurgien pour devenir médecin légiste à la morgue.

Il passe vite de la morgue, aux scènes de crimes en accompagnant les experts sur le terrain. À savoir qu'il connaît Peyton Driscoll, la nouvelle médecin légiste dans la saison 3, ils ont en effet travaillé 4 ans ensemble à la Médecine Légale.

Lors de la saison 5, on apprendra que Sheldon a eu une fiancée il y a quelques années de cela. Celle-ci a été violée avec le même mode opératoire que l'enquête en cours (épisode 5x12). Leur séparation l'a beaucoup affecté.

Il est proche et très a l'aise avec Danny mais aussi Stella, qu'il apprécie beaucoup. Sa fonction de médecin légiste le fait régulièrement travailler avec Sid, qui l'affectionne particulièrement

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Hill Harper
 Les Experts : Manhattan

Personnage des Experts : Manhattan
Policier de fiction
Médecin de fiction
Médecin légiste de fiction

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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it's super easy take the entire solenoid box off. Enstall the contactor box mount, and install the 3 heavy wires to the motor, f1,f2 ect, the small one to ground, and the hot to the battery. Draw-Tite.


PARIC completed construction on the new Mercedes Benz of St. Louis car dealership in St. Louis, MO in July of 2014. The facility was relocated from its former location in Ellisville to be more centrally located for customers. Much of the facility, including the service garage, was constructed underground due to limitations on above-ground space on an urban site. The structure consists of a 60,000 sq. ft. cast-in-place concrete structure for the service area and showroom, as well as a 34,000 sq. ft. parking garage for the storage of additional vehicles.
Due to 24 feet of elevation change in a tight area, the project required creative site planning and multiple floor levels to address the client's various operational needs. The design honors the corporate prototype, while modifying the design enough to create an independent look. The building's exterior is made up of curtain wall and metal panel systems, and the interior is comprised of a mix of exposed steel and high end finishes.
As commercial builders, PARIC has finished many other projects in the city of St. Louis. We have also been busy building commercial properties in many other cities throughout the country. We built the Belterra Park Gaming & Entertainment Center in Cincinnati, OH, the River City Casino project in South St. Louis County, Missouri and the Lofts of Washington University on the Delmar loop. The Lofts of Washington University consists of over 200 apartments, a grocery store named United Provisions, a diner which is named the peacock diner, and underground parking. The parking consists of over 200 parking spaces.
PARIC self-performed the concrete package as well as the carpentry work.


text:
Transcription factor 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TCF15 gene.

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is found in the nucleus and may be involved in the early transcriptional regulation of patterning of the mesoderm. The encoded basic helix-loop-helix protein requires dimerization with another basic helix-loop-helix protein for efficient DNA binding. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

References

Further reading


Poverty Trap is combined of two factors shifting and guns,to avoid being swallowed is not easy, if your try to left, take some bullet is your Obligations,give up or stay in suffer, death is the only way to leave.
and sometimes talks to other's words, one day one words only say thanks to deliver free / kindness food one a day to me.
I dont give up just only the angel never forget a guy who fear to step out the door who have no cash have no way to communicaion.
Sorry, I will find suitable tags and clear my ability to say what I do.


120 pages | 12 B/W Illus.
This book examines the case of nominal income targeting as a monetary policy rule. In recent years the most well-known nominal income targeting rule has been NGDP (level) Targeting, associated with a group of economists referred to as market monetarists (Scott Sumner, David Beckworth, and Lars Christensen among others).
Nominal income targeting, though not new in monetary theory, was relegated in economic theory following the Keynesian revolution, up until the financial crisis of 2008, when it began to receive renewed attention. This book fills a gap in the literature available to researchers, academics, and policy makers on the benefits of nominal income targeting against alternative monetary rules.
It starts with the theoretical foundations of monetary equilibrium. With this foundation laid, it then deals with nominal income targeting as a monetary policy rule. What are the differences between NGDP Targeting and Hayek's rule? How do these rules stand up against other monetary rules like inflation targeting, the Taylor rule, or Friedman's k-percent?
Nominal income targeting is a rule which is better equipped to avoid monetary disequilibrium when there is no inflation. Therefore, a book that explores the theoretical foundation of nominal income targeting, comparing it with other monetary rules, using the 2008 crisis to assess it and laying out monetary policy reforms towards a nominal income targeting rule will be timely and of interest to both academics and policy makers.
Nicolás Cachanosky is Assistant Professor of Economics at Metropolitan State University of Denver, USA. His main research is on monetary policy and appears in the Journal of Institutional Economics, the Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, and in the Review of Financial Economics among others.


According to the 2015 Genworth Financial cost of care survey, the average cost of assisted living in Indiana is $3,693 per month.
The monthly base rate for Indiana assisted living is typically average when compared to neighboring states. Indiana is also more expensive compared to the national average.
This cost is the base cost for a one-bedroom assisted living unit in Indiana. Additional fees beyond the base rate may apply.
What terms does Indiana require to be disclosed to you prior to making a decision?
Indiana may require the base price, payment schedule, services included in that rate and other items to be disclosed in writing - be sure to find out.
Find out the minimum services the facility MUST provide to you, as required by Indiana. These may include 24-hour supervision, types of meals, medical attention, etc.
Each state is different; find out what the age and physical health requirements are for this specific facility as well as facilities in Indiana. Determine if the type of care you need is offered by the individual facility.
Indiana probably requires an initial evaluation and the creation of a care plan - be sure to find out exactly what the facility offers.
There are sure to be specific requirements in Indiana - ask how the facility handles administering your medication.
Does the facility offer rooms and other areas that meet or exceed those required by Indiana?
Indiana will have a minimum size of rooms, a limit to number of people per room, and even requirements as to privacy of available bathrooms - make sure you ask.
Make sure the facility staffs the proper professionals, as Indiana requires. These may include an administrator and caregivers, as well as round-the-clock staff.
Find out of the facility is licensed to be able to handle dementia or Alzheimer's care in Indiana.
Are Medicaid waivers available for Indiana for this specific facility?
If you are unable to cover the costs, find out if the facility may offer a Indiana Medicaid Waiver. You can also research at in.gov.
The Indiana AAAs (Area Agency for the Aging) are very helpful. These offices can provide guidance to those 60+ in Indiana regarding elder abuse, caregiver support, insurance counseling, transportation and much more.


The start of summer, beautiful blue skies, some of London's best restaurants and bars, London's Regent's Park and a cracking team to explore with!
One of the great things we are encouraged to do here at Appetite, is immerse ourselves and explore all that our awesome industry has to offer. The hospitality industry is worth 4% of the UK's GDP and we are lucky enough to be in the heart of it, close to many of the leading names and working alongside some of the most exciting emerging concepts.
Nick Clover, our CEO & leader, recognises the need to be in the thick of it and actively encourages as little time 'at our desks' as possible, so off we went with a company ticket and even a bit of spending money, and without a specific agenda other than to BE INSPIRED and come away even more in love with our dynamic and ever-changing industry. And boy, did we!
Appetite works extensively in both casual to premium dining, including multiple rosettes and Michelin star and cover both front of house and chef recruitment to board level. We have consultants at varying points of their journey from brand new resourcers in their first 6 months, to seasoned recruiters of over 10+ years' experience, and with the diversity that Taste has to offer, there was genuinely something for everyone!
My personal highlights included Bubbledogs – part of JKS Partners, offering a speak-easy Gourmet Hotdog paired with Champagne – what could be better? I think my face says it all!
A second exceptional experience was speaking to the ladies at Ladies of Restaurants who also scooped the much coveted award of Best in Taste 2018. Ladies of Restaurants is a collective of women who work in hospitality in the U.K. – networking, training, learning, laughing, eating & drinking.
Got to love a little bit of girl power!
Brand new into recruitment, Holly has been with us for just 3 months. Safe to say her eyes were wide and her jaw on the floor!
"For me, the best food was easily the Lamb Cutlets from Roka. The meat comes pink yet the fat is crisp and charred, moist, deep spicy Korean spice flavours with heat and that amazing charred flavour.
Leon and Valerio – reunited!
Ok, so Dan had A LOT of thoughts about Taste of London and was literally a kid in a candy shop!
"My highlight was definitely the team building.
Team Thursday soaking it all up!
Sagardi was the absolute stand out for me…a basque restaurant, specialising in Spanish cuisine, with a big focus on Txuletón dry aged beef, cooked on oak fire grills. Incredible flavour, literally melts in the mouth.
The whole weekend was a great opportunity to immerse ourselves with some of the best operators in London. It was such a privilege to spend 5 hours surrounded by chefs and ambassadors who are as passionate and caring about their product as those at Taste.
Who knew that Team Appetite could be such a bunch of foodies! Oh yeah.. part of the territory!
A fab few days exploring the best of London's gastronomy – until next time..
If you found this blog interesting or useful please LIKE, SHARE and COMMENT.


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On the quiet northern side of the Mendocino peninsula, Mel Lockey leads me on a walk along the trails in Mendocino Headlands State Park, which is located just across the road from his inn. An expanse of blue sea blurs into the wisps of fog drifting toward the shore. Waves churn and crash into the rocky cliffs below the grass-lined foot path. We walk into a thicket of windswept cypress trees which, in turn, opens into a natural amphitheater encircled by the trees. They frame a dramatic view of the headlands and the vast ocean stretching beyond. Fading rose petals are strewn along the ground, vestiges of a recent wedding.
Mel and his wife, Lindalee, were married at this spot 35 years ago on Valentine's Day. For 42 years, they celebrated the anniversary of their first date at the same restaurant every year. "My wife and I were true romantics," said Mel.
They bought Mendocino Seaside Cottage in the 1980s and created a private, romantic escape for couples. The heart-shaped sign at the entrance to the inn provides a hint of the romance inside. Beneath a canopy of eucalyptus and cypress trees, guests are welcomed by a beautiful, sun-dappled garden. The inn is a contemporary Victorian in its design with bay windows overlooking the headlands and the ocean. Each of the five spacious suites have private entrances, private decks and balconies with sweeping ocean views, king-size beds, and gas fireplaces. All but one of the rooms have Jacuzzi tubs for two; the Penthouse Suite also has a steam shower with dual showerheads. In the Tropical Cottage, the Jacuzzi tub is set in front of a glowing gas fireplace. The only room without a Jacuzzi tub, Vista View, has possibly the best view of the headlands.
There are spotting scopes in each of the rooms for whale watching and bird watching. Built-in entertainment centers offer televisions, stereos, and DVD players hidden behind the cabinets. Free wireless internet is also included.
Unlike the many B&Bs in Mendocino, the Mendocino Seaside Cottage does not serve breakfast (a choice in keeping with the owner's desire to create a private hideaway) but village cafes and restaurants are a just short stroll away. Plus, all of the rooms are equipped with full kitchens or wet bars with microwaves and refrigerators, and cozy dining spots with ocean views. So there's always the option of checking in and never leaving the room. The light-filled dining alcove of the Penthouse Suite, for example, is a place I could easily spend hours gazing out of the wrap-around bay windows with their panoramic views of the ocean and Point Cabrillo Lighthouse.On our hike, Mel leads me along a trail atop a narrow strip of land jutting out into the ocean, where we can look back at the coves filled with swirling turquoise blue water. "It was our dream, working together," says Mel.
But after 33 years of marriage and decades of owning the inn together, Mel lost his wife to illness. On what would have been their 43rd "first date" anniversary, Mel returned to the restaurant where they had celebrated all of their previous anniversaries alone. He ordered a martini for himself and a Manhattan for his wife. It was the drink she had always ordered. "I drank both," he tells me.
The special romance between Mel and his wife live on in the seaside escape they created together and continue to share with others.


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Wicked Defense has been initially released under commercial terms back in 2007, but now is available as freeware.
In this real-time strategy/puzzle game you are given several towers you can build, each with its own characteristics and special abilities. You customize the built towers by improving their capabilities, like burning effect, number of firing rays, etc., and pick one of the targeting strategies.
Your mission is to protect an exit from being reached by evil monsters. If the monsters are able to penetrate your defenses and reach the exit, you lose life points. You can cast powerful magic spells to eradicate the enemies that are able to withstand the firepower of your towers.
The monsters have their unique special abilities, being able to heal each other, speed up their buddies and even clone themselves.
The game features stunning 3D graphics with amazing visual effects, vivid 3D surround sound, exclusive soundtrack, very user-friendly interface, MP3 music playback and intuitive map editor.
Are you tough enough to survive? Play Wicked Defense to find out!
Wicked Defense v1.2e is now available as freeware, including the game itself along with its scenario editor and updated scenarios.
Wicked Defense v1.2e freeware (June 16, 2016)
WickedSetup.exe (executable, 20 MiB)
WickedSetup.zip (zipped, 19.94 MiB)


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Born on this day in Greensboro, North Carolina, was Billy "Crash" Craddock. He first gained popularity in Australia in the 1950s with a string of rockabilly hits, including the Australian #1 hit "Boom Boom Baby". Switching to country music, he gained popularity in US in the 1970s with a string of top ten country hits, several of which were #1 hits, including "Broken Down in Tiny Pieces", "Rub It In", and "Ruby Baby". Craddock is known to fans as "Mr. Country Rock" for his uptempo rock-influenced style of country music.
Kenny Rogers was at #1 on the UK singles chart with 'Lucille'. It was the American Country music singer's first of two UK #1's.
Hillbilly Deluxe by Dwight Yoakam was at #1 on the Country chart. It was Yoakam's second consecutive #1 album on the Billboard Country Albums chart and four tracks were released as singles with each becoming Top 10 hits in 1987 and 1988.
Clint Black was at #1 on the US Country music album chart with his debut album, Killin' Time which featured the hits "A Better Man", "Nothing's News", "Walking Away", "Nobody's Home", and the title track.
Tim McGraw was at #1 on the Billboard country singles chart with "Grown Men Don't Cry", the first single from McGraw's Set This Circus Down album.
Based on a True Story� by Blake Shelton was at #1 on the Country chart. This his eighth studio album became the ninth best-selling Country album of the year.


THE Chairman's Statement during the last Asean Summit (April 2017) drew a bright picture of future Asean economic growth prospects. "Asean's combined GDP stood at $2.55 trillion in the first half of 2016, with a robust year-on-year real GDP growth rate of 4.7 percent despite the challenging global environment The region's economic growth is expected to accelerate to 4.8 percent in 2017, supported by solid growth of private consumption and investment as well as expansionary fiscal policy. While merchandise trade remained resilient at $1.06 trillion in the first half of 2016, only 24.02 percent was intra-Asean. Asean attracted a total of $52.94 billion foreign direct investment inflows in the first half of 2016, of which 24.36 percent was intra-Asean. While noting the region's bright economic growth and prospects, the Summit recognized that there was a need to redouble efforts to increase intra-regional trade and investment. The Asean heads of state/government therefore reaffirmed their commitment to implement the AEC Blueprint 2025.
The forging of a common commitment among Asean leaders to enhance intra-Asean trade and investments can only be welcomed.
It is commendable that the Philippine chairmanship has chosen as overall thematic priority "inclusive, innovation-led growth" for the AEC pursued through the three strategic measures of increasing trade and investment, integrating micro, small, and medium enterprises in the digital economy, and developing an innovation-led economy. It addresses the needs of the member-countries, particularly the Philippines, in order to benefit substantially from the AEC. The public and private sectors should join hands in promoting and implementing the key messages of the Asean 2017 Business and Investment Program of "promotion and globalization of MSMEs, innovation-led growth, women entrepreneurship, and strengthened campaign for youth entrepreneurship.
The competitive environment of the AEC strategically requires the MSMEs to enhance their productivity and address the issues and challenges the MSMEs will be facing in the next decade. Filipinos must be encouraged to invest in their own businesses and become successful innovative entrepreneurs.
Technology and innovation are considered engines of growth in the stimulation of new industries. The Philippine hosting of Asean 2017 should showcase the rise of innovation and start-up ecosystem in the country and the region. It could be a platform for the creation of an Asean chain of values, exchange of knowledge, and cross-border investments. The success of the Summit must be partly gauged by its advancement of policies that support and accelerate the innovation agenda.
Gender equality and women's empowerment are notably integral principles in the ASEAN Community building process. The Philippines ranks seventh most gender-equal nation in the world and 21st in women's economic participation and opportunity. The leadership of the women of the Philippines should be encouraged in showcasing the crucial role women play in realizing the goal of the AEC.
The Philippines wisely supports the network of young entrepreneurs capturing the fast-paced developments in key sectors such as food, agriculture, IT, BPO and Internet of Things through the Asean Young Entrepreneurs Association.
There is a need for stronger connectivity to support the AEC through a more efficient movement of goods and services. The Asean Connectivity Master Plan should continue improving the physical, institutional, and people-to-people connectivity within the region.
The Philippines during its chairmanship should initiate the revitalization of the BIMP-EAGA. This should enhance the focus areas of the four member countries and the eight clusters of BIMP-EAGA, agribusiness, trade and investment facilitation, transport, environment, ICT, power and energy infrastructure, joint tourism development, and socio-cultural and education.
The recent establishment of Asean Ro-Ro and domestic Ro-Ro routes is a more than welcome development as the Ro-Ro routes will open new markets for local farmers, businesses, traders, and tourism. Connectivity will boost the Philippines' competitiveness in tourism, agribusiness, and logistics.
Almost 100 million international tourists visit Asean nations each year. The Philippines should seek to expand access to this growing market. The Philippines should be well-guided by the Asean Tourism Strategic Plan for 2016-2025 which seeks to improve infrastructure, ease travel, develop and promote tourist destinations and products like handicrafts, food items, and souvenirs, and establish tourism corridors to enable travelers to visit multiple destinations and entire regions.
The Philippines should encourage all Asean countries to adopt an open sky policy to encourage tourism in the region and to increase tourism jobs and earnings with stronger inter-industry linkages.
The priority given by the Philippine government to a new and innovative services agenda must be supported by all because it is in services that the Filipinos are strong. There should be a further development of the services sector not only in the Philippines but also in all of Asean though the forging of appropriate services agreements.
It is time that to ensure inclusive growth in the region consideration of measures to promote labor mobility not only of professionals but of unskilled workers be included in the AEC agenda.
Public and private sectors need to give more focus and attention to the Asean Economic Community and join hands for the full realization of its goals in the interest of the inclusive economic growth of the region.
This article is a position paper prepared by the economic cluster of the Philippine Ambassadors Foundation Inc. on the Asean Economic Community which was accepted by the PAFI board of governors at its last meeting.
The author is a recently retired career ambassador. She served as Philippine ambassador to France, Belgium and the European Union, and was Assistant Secretary for Asian and Pacific Affairs. She is the convenor of the economic cluster of the Philippine Ambassadors Foundation Inc.


^ Kuo, J. (1995) "Occurrence of Halophila decipiens Ostenfeld (Hydrocharitaceae) in Okinawa Island, Japan" Aquat. Bot., 51; 329-334pp.
^ Uchimura, M. et al. (2006) "A Taxonomic Study of the Seagrass Genus Halophila(Hydrocharitaceae) from Japan: Description of a New Species Halophila Japonica sp. nov. and Characterization of H. ovalis Using Morphological and Molecular Data." Bulletin of the National Science Museum. Series B, Botany, 32(3); 129-150pp.
^ Kuo, J. et al. (2006) "Seagrasses of the Genus Halophila Thouars (Hydrocharitaceae) from Japan" Acta phytotaxonomica et geobotanica, 57(2); 129-154pp.


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Second Circuit Follows and Reinforces Mobil Cerro in Micula
Nov 2, 2017 | Blog
In a late October 2017 Summary Order with no precedential impact, a unanimous panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, in Micula v. Gov't of Romania, No. 15-3109 (2d Cir. October 23, 2017), ("Micula"), elucidated, followed, and reinforced that Court's decision some three months earlier in Mobil Cerro Negro Ltd. v. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, 863 F.3d 96 (2d Cir. 2017), ("Mobil Cerro"), regarding the procedures governing the execution of ICSID arbitral awards against foreign sovereigns. Thus, it remains the law, in the Second Circuit at least, that a creditor plaintiff seeking to enforce such an award against a foreign sovereign (i) must commence a full plenary action (and not summary ex parte proceedings), in most instances, in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia and (ii) comply with the personal jurisdiction, service, and other requirements of the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act ("FSIA").
The facts in Micula, as in Mobil Cerro, were straightforward. Various Swedish nationals and affiliated entities ("Petitioners") sought to enforce a substantial ICSID arbitral award in their favor against the Government of Romania ("Romania") through summary ex parte proceedings in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York ("SDNY"). The same day that Petitioners commenced the action, the SDNY, per Buchwald, J., granted their petition. Thereafter, Romania filed a motion to amend, vacate, or stay the SDNY's judgment, arguing, in essence, that the FSIA controlled and barred Petitioners' summary proceedings, and that under the FSIA venue was improper in the SDNY. The SDNY, per Schofield, J., denied that motion, ruling, inter alia, that the FSIA was inapplicable to the enforcement of ICSID awards. Romania then moved for reconsideration. Judge Schofield denied that motion, as well. Romania appealed. A unanimous Second Circuit panel, reversed, vacated the underlying judgment, and remanded in the referenced Summary Order.
The Second Circuit panel, consisting of Judges Winter, Chin, and Droney, citing Mobil Cerro, made four key points. First, the FSIA and its "procedural mandates" govern the enforcement of ICSID awards against foreign sovereigns. Second, the FSIA provides the "exclusive mechanism" for enforcement of ICSID awards against foreign sovereigns in federal court, and summary ex parte proceedings conducted without service on a foreign state are "incompatible with the FSIA." Third, the District Court lacked jurisdiction over Romania under the FSIA owing to the lack of service on it. And fourth, "venue was improper in the Southern District of New York because the FSIA requires a plenary action to be brought in the District of Columbia 'unless a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim occurred, or a substantial part of property that is the subject of the action is situated,' in another district."
The teaching of Micula is simple. Mobil Cerro is good law. The FSIA unquestionably governs ICSID award enforcement actions against foreign sovereigns in the Second Circuit and, perhaps, elsewhere. In sum, Micula changes nothing in the law, as pronounced this past July in Mobil Cerro.
If you have questions about international arbitration or litigation, please contact James J. McGuire.
James J. McGuire


Listing of your property in the multiple listing service to allow other agents to show your property and attempt to rent it in the shortest period of time possible.
Advertise your property in the local newspaper, Amerivest website and Naplessalesandrentals website.
Procure a tenant for your property and obtain as much information as possible about the prospective tenant.
Provide the tenant a homeowner's application to help us gather all the necessary information.
Run credit report on the prospective tenant, verify employment, previous landlord information and reference information to provide the homeowner with as much information about the prospective tenant.
Provide the prospective tenant with the application to the association and upon completion, submit it to the association for approval.
Prepare the lease contract and have tenant and landlord Sign it.
Collect the indicated rent , security deposit and other fees involved in the transaction.
Turn the tenant to the homeowner and provide all necessary information for communication between tenant and Landlord.
Advertise your property in the Web such as Amerivest website, salesandrentals website and others as necessary..
Maintain communication with the tenant for any repairs or issues related to the care of the property.
Inspect the property every six months .
Handles minor repairs related to the property and communicate to the homeowner.
Communicate with the tenant or Post a three day notice on the door in the event the tenant is late on the rent.


The IABG Geodata Service has many years of experience in the expert acquisition, procurement, preparation, analysis, interpretation, and integration of remote sensing data. Modern and cutting-edge systems are employed. A highly qualified and experienced team from different sectors provides the necessary background expertise for handling all sorts of different thematic questions.


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Diversity & equality in business
Supply chain crisis
Pandemic caused perfect storm for supply chain crisis, experts say
Researchers have advocated moving away from 'just-in-time' model to more resilient structures
Cargo moves through the Port of Los Angeles by truck and rail in December. Photograph: Luis Sinco/Los Angeles Times/REX/Shutterstock
Lauren Aratani
Thu 23 Dec 2021 05.00 EST
Last modified on Thu 23 Dec 2021 05.02 EST
It was hard to get through 2021 without hearing about the supply chain.
Before the pandemic, the way products from all over the world would get to American consumers seemed to be a part of a smooth-going system. A survey of consumers found that 45% of Americans admitted to never thinking about how their products were made and delivered before the pandemic.
Global supply chain crisis could last another two years, warn experts
But the last year has seen dozens of ships stuck at ports, warehouses full to the brim with stuff and a shortage of truck drivers, all leading to emptier shelves and out-of-stock messages online. Issues with the supply chain have led to shortages across the country of goods ranging from cars to cream cheese to Christmas trees.
Experts believe the pandemic caused a perfect storm of factors that led to cracks in the supply chain that was already vulnerable in the first place.
"You have a supply chain that has been built on a premise of being lean and efficient and that works great when things are operating smoothly," said Keely Croxton, a professor of logistics at Ohio State University. "But as soon as there's a glitch in the supply chain, these lean supply chains become brittle and break."
Companies today largely rely on a supply chain model called "just in time" that was created by Toyota in the 1950s. As its name suggests, the model has companies keep few raw materials on hand and only order them when they need it, all with the goal of getting the end product to consumers just on time.
The "just-in-time" model clashed with the reality of consumer demand during the pandemic. Many companies assumed that demand would drop as the spread of Covid-19 caused worldwide shutdowns, including in manufacturing factories. But the pandemic ended up bolstering consumer demand for goods as aid from stimulus bills and savings from spending less on other expenses like travel and eating out encouraged people to shop online. Retail sales during the 2020 holiday season grew 8.3% despite the pandemic as Americans continued to shop.
Ultimately, consumers were wanting more goods while companies were simultaneously making less. This phenomenon particularly hurt the manufacturing of computer chips, which led to shortages of cars and some consumer electronics, like video game consoles.
Increased demand also saw more goods being shipped from Asia to the US, leading to seemingly indefinite congestion at two major ports in California. At one point, a record high of 100 vessels were waiting off the coast of Los Angeles to dock. Some ships were waiting months to unload their goods. This affected retailers like Victoria's Secret, which saw half of its inventory for the fall season delayed because it was stuck on ships unable to unload.
Part of the congestion clog comes from a lack of space at the ports because they are overwhelmed with large empty shipping containers. Some reports say there are over 115,000 empty containers sitting in the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach. The twin ports have started threatening ocean carriers with fine penalties for leaving empty shipping containers in the ports in an effort to offload empty containers. Costco and Walmart were some of the few major companies that resorted to renting shipping containers to ensure goods get to stores in time for the holidays.
On top of issues at the port, the US has been seeing a shortage of truck drivers. The trucking industry estimates that it is now short 80,000 truck drivers because of pandemic-induced retirements and resignations. In mid-December, the White House announced it would expand paid apprenticeships and recruit military veterans to bolster the industry, though the impacts of the initiative will probably not be seen any time soon.
Croxton said supply chain researchers have long studied the weaknesses of today's supply chain and have advocated for more resilient structures that can handle disruptions. For example, companies could pay attention to weather events and news and track inventory levels throughout the supply chain. Shortening the supply chain, like relying on domestic manufacturing, would also mean more oversight.
"The number of disruptions that we've had in our supply chains has been increasing over the last decade," Croxton said, citing extreme weather events and economic and political uncertainty. "This isn't new to companies that the supply chains get disrupted."


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All videos of Borussia D-2 - Kaan-Marienborn on your website!
Match ends. Borussia D-2 1, Kaan-Marienborn 2.
Kaan-Marienborn have failed to keep a clean sheet in their previous 18 matches.
Borussia D-2 played Kaan-Marienborn at the Regionalliga West of Germany on April 16. The match kicked off 16:30 UTC. Kaan-Marienborn won 1-2. Borussia D-2 are 6th in the table with 43 points after 28 matches, while Kaan-Marienborn are 17th with 25 points in 27 matches.
Borussia D-2 have played a draw with Essen in their previous match, while Kaan-Marienborn have lost to Oberhausen, Alemannia Aachen, Wattenscheid and Viktoria Koln in their previous 4 matches.
Borussia D-2 and Kaan-Marienborn have met once in their recent history. Borussia D-2 won that match.
Borussia D-2 have won 12 of their 28 matches in Regionalliga West, drawing 7 and having 9 defeats this season. They have scored 43 goals - 1.54 per match, conceding 30 - 1.07 per match. Kaan-Marienborn have won 5 of their 27 matches in Regionalliga West, drawing 10 and having 12 defeats this season. They have scored 35 goals - 1.30 per match, conceding 47 - 1.74 per match.
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