Hunger Mountain announces itself quietly. The cover looks like a mixture of a chess piece and a road map. Reading the issue's first poem, Annie Lighthart's "White Barn", prepares me for pieces featuring a home on the range, or of lives lived under a guise of simple lives and simple times. There are no flashy mechanics to the journal itself—the art is in black and white, the poetry and fiction well-worded and sometimes blunt, and the creative nonfiction as well as the young adult offerings all carry voices frank and honest. Fiction editor Barry Wightman even states it in his foreword letter: "You may ask yourself, 'what's this all about?' . . . Horses. Horses. Horses. Horses." I was prepared for horses. But what I received was much more than that.
The fiction was the star of the show for me here. While the subject matter varied wildly—from starlings in an attic to a bus stuck in a bridge to a father and son exchanging blows—each piece is marked by intimate character perspective. In Kendall Klym's "Pavlova," we begin with a recipe for a passionfruit meringue, and are led through a series of perspectives that all lead up to the reason for a deception in a Midwest ballet company. It reads easily, the characters' individual voices are strong, and the story winds up presenting a 360 degree view through six voices of decisions and consequence. Alternatively, Patrick Dacey's "Remember This" keeps us in the first-person perspective of a boy who's looking to seek revenge on a grizzly bear. Despite a staunch hunt and razor-sharp focus on revenge, the voice often branches into memory, and we see the recollections of his father and the change of the area where the grizzly made its mark.
"Homing Instincts," creative nonfiction by Dionisia Morales, brings readers in close with a family's difficulty to accept change after a major house fire. We see a mother that has always wanted to own a house, and moving closer to her daughter not only gives her that chance but eases the burden of caring for her husband with Alzheimer's. Through the rebuilding of the burned home, the daughter recognizes that "understanding the opposing forces that shaped [her] parents' sense of home gave deeper meaning to their terse arguments . . . it revealed how ingrained people's impulses can be about the nature and purpose of shelter." That security and concept of shelter not only played a main role in the rebuilding of this particular story's characters, but also arched into the issue's poetry.
Carrying the same blunt voices as in the fiction, Hunger Mountain's poetry strays contemporary as we dive into why "The Pope Does Not Reply to My Tweets" by Brandon Amico. He is "lost in the middle of everything," and his "fingers worry the keys" as he searches for a home he may never find. Kathleen O'Toole's "Medium" explores bird watching as "hoping for a medium—four months / and I still can't conjure your voice . . .," and Catherine Freeling's "A Short History of Ironing" is indeed a short history of ironing. Everyday occurrences and items guide these poems into a territory that makes them accessible, simple even, but buried in each are great nuggets of voice, scenery, or word play.
The realistic nature of the literary offerings in Hunger Mountain, along with the exaggerated realism juxtaposed with clean lines that are displayed in the art sprinkled through the pages, makes this a go-to for solid stories and surprises.


Cover for all iPhone modells on lanyard in black leather with metall chain&skull and scoubidou in black cotton and sterlingsilver letter bead.
blueANDtrue also holds the phone upside down so when it is used the screen doesn't have to be turned around.
The lanyard is length adjustable so it could be carried in front or cross body.


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A Culture AI Analysis of Emily in Paris
Ah, rom coms. Makes us wish that instead of swiping for one hour to find the ''perfect'' tinder match we could just accidentally bump into a cute guy, like girls always do in the movies.
There are so many aspects that make a good rom com: the on-screen chemistry between the main two characters (like Noah and Allie in ''The Notebook''), the intriguing plots (like in ''To All The Boys I Have Loved Before'' and the amazing reflective quotes about life (super recommend ''About Time'' if that's what you're into). We're clearly rom-com lovers here.
These films became popular in the late 80's and early 90's, with films such as ''Steel Magnolias'' (released in 1989) causing great buzz. This film featured a predominantly female cast and attracted a large female audience. Soon after, ''Thelma and Louise'' and ''Fried Green Tomatoes'' were released.
Then the 90's came along and movies with a love storyline such as ''Sleepless In Seattle'', ''While You Were Sleeping'' made ''chick flicks'' synonymous with rom-coms. Nowadays, this term has become so generic that any female-driven drama (e.g. ''Wild'') or comedy (e.g ''Mean Girls'', ''Bridesmaids'') is also assigned this category.
Examining movie data showing up in search streams
Recently, the demand for this genre has increased. In the last three months, searches in the United States for ''top chick flicks'' on Netflix grew by 160%, while non-platform-specific searches for all-time favorite chick flicks have soared by 140%.
After narrowing our research to searches in America over the last week, we found a rise in interest for these famous rom-coms: ''Two Weeks Notice'' (160% rise), ''John Tucker Must Die'' (100% rise), ''Mean Girls'' (80% rise), ''Dear John'' (80% rise), ''Mamma Mia'' (70% rise), ''A Cinderella Story'' (60% rise), ''Pretty Woman'' (60% rise) and ''A Walk To Remember'' (50% rise).
While we love these movies a lot (especially Mamma Mia — what an iconic soundtrack!), our attention has been devoted elsewhere recently: binge watching Emily in Paris.
The series shows the life of Emily Cooper, an ambitious marketing executive, who works in a Chicago firm and finds herself with an unexpected offer to work in Paris when her company acquires a French luxury marketing company. What we loved about the series? How binge-worthy, fun and easy to watch it was.
Here at Quilt.AI, we wondered how everyone else responded to this series, so we collected key insights from IMDb users' reviews to find out more, running more than a thousand reviews of the series through our Culture AI models.
Insights from the Culture AI machine learning models…
Why people liked it: Wonderfully Hilarious
Many people saw this show as something light-hearted and entertaining to watch, with words such as ''fun'' and ''funny'' being amongst the top 10 most used words to describe the series.
We definitely laughed when (spoiler alert!) Emily had a one night stand with her friend's brother, only to find out the next day, while in her friend's house with his family, that he was actually only 17 years old (yikes…).Nothing tops an embarrassing scene.
Why people liked it: A lush dose of visual pleasure
People also praised the show for the beautiful scenery, good-looking cast and fashion. It's no surprise the show aesthetic caught people's attention, with scenes being shot in places such as the gorgeous Palais Garnier Opera House and at The Pont Alexandre III (a beautiful-touristic bridge in Paris).
Personally, we thought the series' fashion was the best we've seen since Gossip Girl. It's official: Emily is the new Serena Van Der Woodsen. She's the character that makes us look into our wardrobe and pick outfits that makes us look lively, fun and edgy.
Why people liked it: Unchallenging, feel-good vibes
Another aspect detected among positive reviewers was how they linked the series to their favorite chick flicks, focusing on how the show's storyline is uncomplicated and easy to watch.
It was clear that for so many people, what they really appreciated about Emily in Paris was that it's a series that helped them escape reality for a little while. With so much going on in the outside world, they don't really want to watch something overdramatic, nor a psychological thriller, but something that has a ''feel-good'' factor to it. (P.s., more thoughts on this in our recent Comfort Viewing blog on Peep Show.)
Why people disliked it: Stereotypes, stereotypes, stereotypes!
However, Emily in Paris also received criticism for its clichéd portrayal of France and French culture, with words "outdated", "stereotypical" and "exaggerated" being frequently present in these reviews.
The show does portray French people as rude and really exaggerates when it comes to the lifestyle of French people. As an example, Emily goes to her workplace at 8am, but she has to wait at the office door because work starts at 11 am, when in reality people start their workday earlier in France.
How is the Paris experience depicted in the series?
Running images from the series' IMDb page through our emotion analysis AI model, we see that the key emotions visually conveyed were: happiness, affiliation and sensuality.
We'll be honest- reality or not, those three emotions are what we associate with Paris when we dream of it.
It seems to us that depending on how much tolerance/love you have for cheesiness, you'd either end up loving or hating Emily in Paris.
The show's stereotypes, uncomplicated storyline and feel-good factor makes for a standard issue easy viewing experience, if the viewer is willing to overlook the potential factual inaccuracies when it comes to portraying Parisian life and culture. After all, daydreaming looks better with rose-tinted glasses on.
To find out about other use cases of our Culture AI tools, email anurag.banerjee@quilt.ai

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Dr. M.G.R. Educational and Research Institute, Chennai was established in 1985. It is a part of Tmt.Kannammal educational trust which started Thai Moogambigai polytechnic college. Within three years of its inception, Dr. M.G.R. Engineering College was founded in 1988, and the Thai Moogambigai dental college was started in the year 1991. In 2003 the university acquired the status of deemed university as per the orders of the UGC, it is an ISO 9001:2008 Certified institution.
The university was started with a vision of providing a better foothold for the students of today to face the challenges. To succeed in the world today you need more than just academics. The modern adult is expected to have a combination of technical know-how and ambitious confidence.
The Placement and Training Cell of university was set up with the single goal of helping the student community for getting them placed in Industries according to their skill and ability of the respective student. The cell focuses on Training Programs for employable candidates, where students are exposed to Aptitude Tests, Psychometric Tooling Tests before moving onto Personality Development, Interpersonal Skills, Group Presentation and Resume Writing Skills.


Just on the offchance that work slows up and I ever get to the track again, I'm in the market for a trailer. I've looked at the ones at Home Depot (Pace) and, no offense to anyone that has one, but they seem a little cheap. Is Haulmark any better or does anyone have any other suggestions? I'm thinking 6x10.
It is all relative. I have owned several trailers and here are the main things I have seen.
1)	Floor - Haulmark/Pace and others use 3/4" painted/treated plywood on the floors. The ones I have owned have had plywood (with no finish), linoleum, and even ATP (in my current trailer). My toolbox weighs about 400lbs load up, so I need it (the floor) to be strong. Then again, that is the difference between a quality trailer and Home Depot…You can haul what you want whenever the situation arises.
2)	Suspension – The Haulmark and equivelant come with 3800lbs and 5200lbs torsion (rubber mounted) axles. This provides a MUCH superior ride and negates the chances of wasting your axle from overloading.
3)	Wheels/Brakes/Weight – These trailers (Haulmark, etc.) ride so well because most of their base models are dual axle with 14" inch wheels, easy to access/durable bearings, and electric (independent – 4) brakes.
4)	Frame – Most of your quality trailers have 16" centers. This will make a huge difference in the life of your trailer.
5)	Made for more – Pace/Haulmark/Etc over "bolt in" packages (Shelves/Accessories/etc.) that can be added at purchase or later down the road. Although many of these items will physically mount up in a Home Depot trailer, I can't see putting 8ft worth of cabinets on one side of those.
Also, call Dave at Country Side Trailer 281 353 7858. He is a Pace/Haulmark/Campmaster dealer and deals with a lot of racers including myself and Heath Small/HAS racing. He is a great guy to deal with.
Remember, you can buy a low end trailer or you can buy high end one. I have a Pace and it is better than the Wells Cargo or Haulmark that I had. The Pace I have is a higher end trailer. Go to Trailers for less (http://www.trailersforless.com) and look at the Pace and Haulmarks and compaire the modles and styles. I bought mine from Tom at Trailers For Less. I picked it up in Waco.
There are a few different ways to look at a trailer purchase. I only bought a trailer to keep my stuff reasonabley dry. It is a utility item, that's all. I knew all I'd carry was a few bikes and accessories so weight hauling was not a major factor. I wanted a rear ramp and side door for easy access and loading so I got that.
I found everything I needed in a Haulmark Transport. I did modify the roof for a A/C unit and really don't trust the roof for handling all the weight even though I can hang on it with the A/C installed. I use a removeable 2X4 brace in the center of the trailer for traveling.
I don't pull mine around all that much but a V-nose may be worth considering as far as handling is concerned. I get 10mpg in my F-150 pulling that thing. 7 X 16 is a bit much and I have too much room but...I can upgrade the floor plan as I choose.
I have a 5'X 8' open trailer and don't have any room on either side when I load 2 bikes. That's why I went for the 7' wide model. I can easily walk between the bikes. I think 6' would work also.
Shop around. I paid $3575 for mine, brand new.
Gene - what motor in the F150?
Keep in mind that Pace American is the sponsor of our GT Series and has made it possible for us to have a new trailer every couple of years.
If at all possible, it's a good idea to support our sponsors and it's possible that there might be some sort of discount for CMRA members.
Just a thought. Pace is a very good trailer. Regardless, you can have one built to your specs. I had mine built with everything I wanted, it took 1 month to get it in. Get the heavy axles not that much more $$, but you get what you pay for. Use a dealer you can trust and ask him about trailers that are designed for racing. You can beef up the floor with diamond plate...makes install of chocks more secure.
If I had known Pace was going to be one of our sponsors 3 years ago, I would be pulling a Pace today.
Actually, the hauler is a good point. I have owned two F150's and now haul with a F250.
Gene, makes a good point about the V-Nose. The standard F150 V-8(About 240p with 200lbs tourque) will fall on its face hauling anything but a V-Nose or Low-Hauler (Haulmark). I think Gene's gas mileage is extrodinary (I usually got 7mpg or 8mpg with the F150 5.4 liter V-8 hauling a low hauler hauling @ 70mph-80mph).
The full size trailers do "push a lot of air" and your mileage/performance will reflect.


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PM: Morocco Is on Right Track in Fight Against Corruption
Home Morocco World News Morocco's Swedish Wake up Call
Morocco's Swedish Wake up Call
By Majid Morceli
Morocco's Swedish Wake up Call
San Francisco – The Scandinavian nation of Sweden is on the verge of recognizing a self-proclaimed republic that was made in Algeria.
This should not come as a surprise to Morocco: the Swedish parliament voted to recognize the breakaway Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic in 2011, but the Swedish government at the time rejected the motion.
The Swedish Foreign Ministry said at the time: "Sweden traditionally has a position regarding the recognition of new countries. There has to be independence, integration, and autonomy. The territory must be controlled by the government, and the population must be under its control, too."
None of these conditions are satisfied, and yet the current Swedish parliament does not seem very interested in whether or not the conditions for recognizing a ghostly republic are met or not. The reason is very simple: the enemies of Moroccan territorial integrity, with the unwavering support of Algeria, are fully committed to their cause, while Moroccan decision makers are reactionary and only react once the damage has already been done.
Morocco relies more on paid lobbyists and on France than on its own people to defend its sacred cause. The civil population in and outside Morocco fights tooth and nail for the Palestinian issue, but does not fight for the so-called Western Sahara, which is very much neglected by every day Moroccans.
Moroccan authorities have no one to blame but themselves. Their diplomatic absence in Europe's northern countries left a vacuum that Morocco's enemies were happy and ready to fill. Placing ambassadors who no one knows what they do in these countries is not sufficient to counter the incessant schemes of those who want to divide Morocco.
Europe's northern region has always been sympathetic to the separatist cause, and Morocco's absence from the diplomatic scene in Sweden made it a fertile ground for Morocco's foes to be successful.
Very few Swedes live in Morocco, yet Sweden has six diplomatic posts in Morocco. These are the Embassy in Rabat and consulates in Agadir, Casablanca, Marrakech, Oujda, and Tangier.
There are about 20,000 Moroccans living in Sweden, 15,000 in Norway, and another 15,000 in Denmark. Moroccans living abroad are in total disconnect with those who get paid to serve them.
Morocco's foreign representation in northern Europe could have easily tapped into the Moroccan diaspora living in this region to defend the national cause and counter Morocco's adversaries' plots. Instead, Morocco has not appointed an ambassador to Sweden for over 3 years.
Moroccan party leaders are supposedly preparing to visit Sweden as part of their efforts to convince the Nordic state not to recognize the separatists. Meanwhile the Swedish Foreign Ministry said that the country has not recognized the region as an independent state, but is conducting an internal review of its "Western Sahara policy."
This could be very bad news for Morocco: "reviewing the policy" is just a diplomatic way of saying, "completely revamping the policy." This could be the start of many bad things to come. Denmark and Norway will most likely follow suit. This could have a lasting effect on any future negotiations between Morocco and the Polisario.
We all remember when the king of Morocco made an emergency trip to the US when the Obama administration wanted to introduce human rights to MINURSO's mandate. The king was able to convince President Barack Obama that it is in no one's interest to redo the 1991 agreement.
Should the king do the same thing now, and visit Europe's northern region and explain to their leaders that interference with the UN process is a dangerous move on their part and will not help the Maghreb region in their ultimate goal of finding a lasting peace?
Blocking the opening of Ikea's first store in Morocco is simply precipitous and amateurish on the part of Morocco. This action will have no consequences in Sweden. Ikea was built by a joint venture, including the Dubai-based Al-Futtaim Group, Moroccan supermarket chain Marjane Holding, and Portuguese company Sonae Sierra. Canceling the opening of the Ikea store gave more publicity to the rebels than anyone else.
We have many countries that are steadfast supporters of the separatists, and they are flourishing doing business in Morocco. South Africa and Nigeria come to mind. The Moroccan government is even handing out scholarship to Nigerians studying in Morocco.
Until the Moroccan authorities start becoming proactive and make the sacred cause actually sacred, there will be many setbacks, and I am afraid that one day, neither France nor the lobbyists will be able to come to our rescue.
© Morocco World News. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, rewritten or redistributed without permission
The views expressed in this article are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect Morocco World News' editorial policy


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COVID-19 pandemic long way from over, warns WHO chief
World Tuesday 13/April/2021 16:44 PM
Geneva: There have been now seven consecutive weeks of increasing Covid-19 cases and four weeks of increasing deaths globally, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director-general of the World Health Organization, said on Monday adding that the coronavirus pandemic is 'long from over'.
"In January and February, the world saw six consecutive weeks of declining cases. We have now seen seven consecutive weeks of increasing cases, and four weeks of increasing deaths. Last week was the fourth-highest number of cases in a single week so far," Tedros said during the briefing. The WHO chief noted that several countries in Asia and the Middle East have seen large increases in cases. This is despite the fact that more than 780 million doses of vaccine have now been administered globally, he said.
He again emphasied the public health measures of wearing masks, maintaining social distancing, testing, contact tracing, tracking and isolation.
"Make no mistake, vaccines are a vital and powerful tool. But they are not the only tool.We say this day after day, week after week. And we will keep saying it. Physical distancing works. Masks work. Hand hygiene works. Ventilation works. Surveillance, testing, contact tracing, isolation, supportive quarantine and compassionate care - they all work to stop infections and save lives," he said.
He added, "But confusion, complacency and inconsistency in public health measures and their application are driving transmission and costing lives."
While citing "many countries around the world" have shown that this virus can be stopped and contained with proven public health measures and strong systems that respond rapidly and consistently, Tedros said that the global body "does not warrant endless lockdowns".
He said, "Many of those countries have gained control over COVID-19, and their people are now able to enjoy sporting events, concerts, restaurants and seeing their family and friends safely... WHO does not want endless lockdowns. The countries that have done best have taken a tailored, measured, agile and evidence-based combination of measures."
"We too want to see societies and economies reopening, and travel and trade resuming. But right now, intensive care units in many countries are overflowing and people are dying - and it is totally avoidable," the chief added.
Tedros stated that the coronavirus pandemic is a long way from over. However, he said that the world has many reasons for optimism.
"This pandemic is a long way from over. But we have many reasons for optimism... The decline in cases and deaths during the first two months of the year shows that this virus and its variants can be stopped. With a concerted effort to apply public health measures alongside equitable vaccination, we could bring this pandemic under control in a matter of months," he said.
The death toll from the coronavirus infection in the world topped 2.94 million, almost 136.3 million cases of infection were detected, according to the US-based Johns Hopkins University.


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Koszalińska Kolej Wąskotorowa (niem. Köslin-Belgarder Bahnen) – zabytkowa kolej wąskotorowa położona w województwie zachodniopomorskim, w powiecie koszalińskim i Mieście Koszalin. Prowadzi sezonowy ruch turystyczny w okresie letnim na fragmencie linii kolejowej Koszalin Wąskotorowy – Bobolice Wąskotorowe, użytkując odcinek Koszalin Wąskotorowy – Rosnowo Wąskotorowe. Przewoźnikiem jest Towarzystwo Koszalińskiej Kolei Wąskotorowej.

Historia

1897–1945
W czasach pruskich na terenie powiatu koszalińskiego pojawiła się potrzeba budowy kolei lokalnej. Złej jakości drogi stwarzały coraz większe problemy w transporcie i stanowiły poważne utrudnienie w rozwoju licznych zakładów przemysłowych, takich jak cegielnie czy gorzelnie, oraz większych gospodarstw rolnych i przedsiębiorstw. Transport kolejowy zapewniał wtedy swobodny dowóz materiałów potrzebnych do produkcji, dystrybucję wytwarzanych dóbr, przewóz pracowników i zapewniał komunikację części powiatu koszalińskiego z innymi częściami kraju. Dawało to szansę na ożywienie gospodarcze w regionie. Decyzję o budowie koszalińskiej wąskotorówki podjęto w 1897, jednak koncesję oraz pozwolenie na budowę wydano dopiero 24 maja 1898. Wybrano rozstaw szyn 750 mm, a więc inny od szerokości torów po jakich jeździły inne kolejki Pomorza Zachodniego, co było podyktowane oszczędnościami w eksploatacji lżejszego taboru. 24 maja 1898, w dniu wydania koncesji na budowę i eksploatację koszalińskiej kolei wąskotorowej, powstała Spółka Akcyjna Kolei Wąskotorowej Koszalin – Nacław (AG Kleinbahn Köslin–Natzlaff). Jej głównymi akcjonariuszami był powiat koszaliński oraz fabryka parowozów Krauss z Monachium. To właśnie zakład Krauss dostarczył materiały niezbędne do budowy kolei (podkłady, szyny itd.), oraz tabor trakcyjny (parowozy). 1 listopada tegoż roku uruchomiono przewozy na odcinku Koszalin – Manowo – Nacław (32 km) i wydzierżawiono od Sławieńskiej Kolei Powiatowej odcinek Nacław – Jacinki (7 km). Osiągnięcie dobrych wyników przewozowych zachęciło spółkę do rozbudowy sieci kolei.

W dniu 1 listopada 1905 otwarto kolejny, 34 kilometrowy odcinek Manowo – Świelino – Bobolice, a 2 listopada odcinek Świelino – Białogard liczący 32 kilometry. Po przystąpieniu do spółki powiatu białogardzkiego i bobolickiego postanowiono zmienić nazwę spółki na Spółkę Akcyjną Zjednoczonych Kolei Wąskotorowych Powiatów Koszalin, Bobolice i Białogard (AG der vereinigten Kleinbahnen der Kreise Köslin, Bublitz, Belgard ). 16 września 1909 oddano do użytku nowo zbudowany odcinek Białogard – Rarwino (20 km). Aby umożliwić korzystanie z kolejki mieszkańcom całego regionu (a więc i tym z najdalej położonych wsi) w roku 1927 uruchomiono samochodową komunikację autobusową. W 1932 r., w wyniku reformy administracyjnej w Niemczech zlikwidowano powiat Bobolice. Kolei zmieniła więc nazwę na Koszalińsko-Białogardzka Kolej Wąskotorowa Spółka Akcyjna (Köslin–Bublitz, Belgarder Kleinbahn AG). Dwa lata później, z uwagi na to, iż kolej sławieńska przebudowała odcinek Sławno – Jacinki – Polanów Pom. (43 km) z 750 na 1435 mm (normalnotorowy), wydzierżawiono od Sławieńskiej Kolei Powiatowej odcinek Jacinki – Polanów Pomorski – Żydowo (15 km) i na trasie Jacinki – Polanów Pom. zastosowano splot trzech szyn. Mogły zatem po nich jeździć zarówno pociągi normalnotorowe i wąskotorowe.

Od 1933 roku w wyniku polityki nazistowskiej zarząd kolejki koszalińskiej zaczął tracić swoją niezależność, przesuwając ośrodek decyzyjny w stronę państwa. Dotychczasowy zarząd przedsiębiorstwa, szczególnie po 1935 roku, stanowił w praktyce jedynie organ wykonawczy i administracyjny. Koszalińska Kolej Wąskotorowa miała odtąd obowiązek przynależeć do powołanego w Berlinie państwowego związku zrzeszającego administrację w dziedzinie komunikacji (Reichsverband Deutscher Verkehrsverwaltungen E.V.), skupiającego między innymi prywatne oraz samorządowe linie wąskotorowe, linie tramwajowe i zakładowe, które obsługują przewozy towarowe i osobowe. W tym samym czasie prezydent rejencji koszalińskiej, zgodnie z zarządzeniem Ministra Komunikacji Rzeszy z dnia 13 listopada 1934 roku, zatwierdził na nowo statuty wszystkich podległych sobie kolejek wąskotorowych w rejencji. Podporządkowywanie kolejek wąskotorowych państwu zakończyło się w 1937 roku, kiedy to zostały przejęte przez Deutsche Reichsbahn. Dzięki temu Koleje Niemieckie mogły wykorzystać węzły wąskotorowe na potrzeby wojny. Posunięciu temu towarzyszyło wprowadzenie nowych stawek przewozowych, przy czym wszystkie koleje wąskotorowe w rejencji koszalińskiej zostały przypisane grupom "A" i "B". Węzeł koszaliński obok węzła kołobrzeskiego, został zakwalifikowany do grupy "A". Jednocześnie przyjęty w 1937 roku do realizacji plan czteroletni nałożył na kolejkę obowiązek przewozów surowców wtórnych.

Działalność kolejki poddana została ścisłej kontroli państwa, a także ujednolicono z innymi kolejami wąskotorowymi i liniami tramwajowymi Rzeszy zakres świadczonych przez nią usług transportowych. Podporządkowanie kolei wąskotorowych państwu było jednym z elementów gruntowej reformy tej dziedziny komunikacji. Formalnie Okręgowa Dyrekcja Kolei w Szczecinie przejęła kolejki wąskotorowe z Pomorza Zachodniego dopiero z dniem 1 czerwca 1938 roku. Tego też dnia została podpisana odpowiednia umowa pomiędzy prezydentem rejencji koszalińskiej (reprezentującym rząd) a zarządem towarzystwa. Jeszcze dłużej trwało formalne zerwanie z wykorzystywaniem kolei wąskotorowych jako środka pracującego na spłatę odszkodowań wojennych z lat 1914–1918, co nastąpiło w dniu 4 lipca 1939 roku i co ostatecznie zakończyło proces całkowitego podporządkowania kolei wąskotorowych państwu. Taka organizacja pracy kolejek wąskotorowych przetrwała aż do 1945 roku. Kolejka wąskotorowa spełniła jeszcze jedną ważną rolę w 1945 roku, kiedy to – podobnie jak inne koleje wąskotorowe na Pomorzu Zachodnim – przewoziła uciekinierów do punktów zbiorczych do momentu, kiedy najważniejsze punkty węzła koszalińskiego, to jest Koszalin, Białogard i Bobolice, zostały zajęte przez Armię Czerwoną i dopóki nie przestały pośrednio dostarczać uchodźców do portu w Kołobrzegu. Rok 1945 okazał się dla koszalińskiej wąskotorówki ostatnim. Wkraczająca na te tereny Armia Czerwona dokonała całkowitego demontażu torowisk oraz wywiozła do ZSRR cały tabor.

1945-2001
11 kwietnia 1946 roku na mocy rozporządzenia Rady Ministrów wszystkie linie kolejowe przejęły Polskie Koleje Państwowe. Rok później, prawdopodobnie pod naciskiem wojska, które zaplanowało budowę lotniska w Zegrzu Pomorskim, zapadła decyzja o odbudowie koszalińskiej kolei wąskotorowej. Wąskotorówka miała najpierw dowozić materiały niezbędne do budowy lotniska, a następnie paliwo do samolotów oraz opał do ogrzewania jednostki.

Pierwszy pociąg trasą Koszalin – Świelino – Bobolice (46 km) przejechał 1 lipca 1948. Po odbudowie torów do Kurozwęcza przystąpiono do budowy dużej stacji (trzecia co do wielkości na Koszalińskiej KD) i 5 km bocznicy na lotnisko. Do obsługi koszalińskiej KD zostali zaś wydelegowani maszyniści z poznańskiej kolei wąskotorowej. Budowa natomiast, nieistniejącego do 1945, odcinka Rarwino – Lepino (6 km) umożliwiała podróżowanie pociągami wąskotorowymi z Koszalina do Kołobrzegu, Stargardu, a nawet nad Zalew Szczeciński. Podstawowym warunkiem była jednak konieczność zmiany szerokości torów z 750 na 1000 mm. Taką bowiem szerokość miały tory pozostałych kolejek na Pomorzu Zachodnim. Po połączeniu wszystkich kolei wąskotorowych na Pomorzu, w dniu 1 maja 1949 zniesiono dwa Zarządy kolei w Gryficach i Stargardzie (w Koszalinie nie stworzono takiego zarządu) i nadano im wspólną nazwę Pomorskie Koleje Dojazdowe (PKD).

W 1951 PKD uruchomiły linię Świelino – Białogard (32 km), a 1952 Białogard – Rarwino – Lepino – Sławoborze (30 km). Jedynym nieodbudowanym odcinkiem pozostała 42-kilometrowa trasa na odcinku Manowo – Polanów Pomorski – Żydowo.

Największe przewozy na koszalińskiej wąskotorówce, osiągające 500 tys. osób i 200 tys. ton towarów, odnotowano w latach 50. W latach kolejnych ich poziom jednak wyraźnie spadał. Transportowano płody rolne i nawozy, ale głównym przeznaczeniem kolejki było zaopatrzenie lotniska w Zegrzu. W tym celu w Koszalinie zbudowano specjalną przelewnię paliwa lotniczego z wagonów normalnotorowych na wąskotorowe. Swoje bocznice miała np. też węglowa kotłownia w Rosnowie i tartak w Sławoborzu. Do lat 80. XX w. ruch towarowy w sezonie zbiorów wciąż odbywał się całodobowo. Najniższe przewozy odnotowano w latach 90. XX w. Rozpoczął się wówczas proces sukcesywnego wstrzymywania ruchu pociągów osobowych na poszczególnych odcinkach. W roku 1984 zamknięto linię Świelino – Bobolice (16 km). W roku 1991, po wykolejeniu się pociągu towarowego spowodowanego złym stanem technicznym torowiska, wstrzymano przewozy towarowe na linii Białogard – Sławoborze. Na przełomie lat 80. i 90. XX w. jednolita do tej pory sieć PKD rozpadła się na trzy odrębne koleje: Koszalińską KD z siedzibą w Koszalinie, Gryficką KD z siedzibą w Gryficach oraz Stargardzką KD z siedzibą w Stargardzie. W 1992 wstrzymano przewozy pasażerskie na trasie Białogard – Sławoborze (30 km) oraz zlikwidowano lokomotywownię w Białogardzie.

W 1995 roku w Koszalinie założono Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Kolejki Wąskotorowej. Stowarzyszenie to organizowało wiele imprez dla turystów i koszalinian (pierwszy dzień wiosny, Dzień Dziecka itp.). Wielkim sukcesem tego stowarzyszenia było wpisanie kolejki do rejestru zabytków, jednak udało się wpisać tylko linię Koszalin – Świelino, obiekty inżynieryjne na tej linii oraz dwa pługi odśnieżające z Koszalina. Na więcej nie pozwolił wojewódzki konserwator ze Szczecina. Wpisu dokonano w roku 2000 i od tego czasu ta część linii jest chroniona przed rozbiórką (nie można zorganizować przetargu i rozebrać trasy). Koszalińska kolejka stała się w tych latach swoistą weekendowo-letnią atrakcją dla mieszkańców miasta. 30 września 1996 zamknięto także odcinek Świelino – Białogard (32 km).

W sezonie letnim 2000 roku od czerwca do końca sierpnia skorzystało z niej 12 tys. pasażerów, jednak utrzymanie kolejki w tym roku kosztowało PKP 1,5 mln złotych. W 2001 linia Koszalin-Świelino (30 km) została skrócona o 10 km, a do końcowej stacji Rosnowo kolejka dojeżdżała jedynie w okresie wakacji. Pozostawiono tylko jeden kurs dziennie – z Koszalina o godz. 10:00 – i powrotny do Koszalina z Rosnowa o godz. 14:25. 17 września 2001 w swoją ostatnią trasę wyjechał pociąg towarowy do lotniska, a 22 września ustało połączenie na odcinku Świelino – Koszalin. Ostatecznie Koszalińska Kolej Wąskotorowa została zamknięta 1 października 2001 roku, a stowarzyszenie zawiesiło swoją działalność. Wkrótce potem cały zgromadzony na kolejce tabor został wywieziony lub rozkradziony w stopniu całkowicie uniemożliwiającym jego użytkowanie. Szczególnie brzemienne w skutkach były kradzieże torów. W ten sposób prawie cały szlak za Manowem, poza krótkim odcinkiem w Rosnowie, został zniszczony całkowicie.

Od 2005

7 listopada 2005 powstało Towarzystwo Koszalińskiej Kolei Wąskotorowej. Jego podstawowym celem było uratowanie od zniszczenia i doprowadzenie do ponownego uruchomienia wąskotorówki, jednak nie miało związków z poprzednim stowarzyszeniem.

W tym samym roku członkowie towarzystwa rozpoczęli prace społeczne na terenie lokomotywowni stacji Koszalin Wąskotorowy oraz na szlaku kolei do Rosnowa. Pierwsze dwa lata funkcjonowania stowarzyszenie skupiało się za zabezpieczeniu zdewastowanego zaplecza technicznego oraz udrożnieniu linii kolejowej na odcinku Koszalin – Manowo. Przełomowym rokiem w funkcjonowaniu kolejki był rok 2008. Do budynku lokomotywowni podłączony został prąd, zainstalowany został elektroniczny system ochrony mienia oraz inne potrzebne do funkcjonowania media. W tym samym roku w maju odbył się pierwszy transport taboru z Dobrej Nowogardzkiej do Koszalina. Przywieziony został wagon motorowy Mbxd2-307.

Po zakończeniu naprawy wagonu motorowego towarzystwo prowadziło ruch technologiczny, którego celem było przywrócenie sprawności technicznej linii Koszalin – Bonin. 13 września odbył się pierwszy festyn na przystanku w Boninie, tydzień później pociąg pierwszy raz po 5 latach wjechał na stację w Manowie. Głównym celem jednak była odbudowa torowiska do Rosnowa. Na początku 2009 rozpoczęły się przygotowania do odbudowy 4 km odcinka Manowo – Rosnowo. W międzyczasie zorganizowany został drugi transport taboru do Koszalina. Tym razem była to lokomotywa Lxd2-476, wagon barowy BTxhi, wagon Bxhpi, wagon letni oraz dwa brankardy.

Od 2009 towarzystwo rozpoczęło regularny ruch turystyczny w okresie letnim na trasie Koszalin Wąskotorowy – Manowo oraz wynajem pociągów na zamówienie. W 2013 do Koszalina trafiły również lokomotywy Lxd2-475 z Dobrej Nowogardzkiej oraz Lyd2-05 z Cementowni Odra, wraz z czterema samowyładowczymi wagonami na kruszywo. Wagony te były wykorzystywane do odbudowy toru do Rosnowa. 8 listopada 2014 wkręcono ostatnie śruby w odbudowywanym torze, a 22 listopada 2014 pierwszy pociąg techniczny (drezyna Wmc) dojechał do stacji Rosnowo Wąskotorowe. Ruch planowy do tej miejscowości wznowiono jednak dopiero 26 czerwca 2016 roku. Uruchomienie rozkładowych pociągów do tej miejscowości letniskowej spowodowało, że w 2016 z wakacyjnych kursów skorzystało 3200 pasażerów, czyli o 50% więcej niż rok wcześniej.

W 2018 wybrano wykonawcę naprawy głównej parowozu Px48-3901, sfinansowanej ze środków koszalińskiego budżetu obywatelskiego. Parowóz ten, stanowiący własność Muzeum Narodowego w Szczecinie, po wycofaniu z eksploatacji w 1996 znalazł się w skansenie w Gryficach, a w 2019 r. został nieodpłatnie użyczony Towarzystwu Koszalińskiej Kolei Wąskotorowej. 25 września 2021 zainaugurowano przewozy z wykorzystaniem tej lokomotywy.

W maju 2019 r. wydarzył się wypadek z udziałem składu wąskotorowego. W okolicy przejazdu kolejowo-drogowego przy ul. Kamieniarskiej w rejonie Cmentarza Komunalnego doszło do zdarzenia, w wyniku którego potrącony przez lokomotywę mężczyzna zginął na miejscu. Osoby podróżujące kolejką nie zostały poszkodowane.

Linie i stacje
Stacje na liniach Koszalińskiej KW

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne

 www.waskotorowka.koszalin.pl
 Amatorski film dokumentujący przejazd pociągu na trasie Świelino-Koszalin Wąskotorowy nakręcony w roku 2000

Koleje wąskotorowe w Polsce
Transport kolejowy w województwie zachodniopomorskim
Zabytki w powiecie koszalińskim

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Military members, both human and dog, work very hard and put their lives on the line. So when one Arizona Air Force Sergeant and her bomb-sniffing dog were separated, it was emotionally devastating. Finally, the two of them were reunited and it was the most emotional thing you'll see today.
For many military members, the friendships that are created during their service are some of the strongest. Many military members state that these friendships often stay around for the rest of their lives.
Our story starts with Rick, a 7-year-old German shepherd. For the past 7 years, Rick has served as a military dog and has worked diligently to sniff out bombs and other explosives. Rick primarily worked in South Korea.
Rick and his partner, U.S. Air Force Staff Sergeant Amanda Cubbage, both worked together in South Korea. Together the duo would patrol for bombs, perform sweeps, search through vehicles of dignitaries, and sweep the travel routes for Explosive Ordinance Disposal during bomb threats.
After spending so much time together, the two of them established a very close bond. They were always together, even when they weren't on the job.
"I needed him more than anyone that isn't a K-9 handler would ever be able to understand. He was there for my happiest days in Korea and the saddest days that I ever had there," Staff Sgt. Cubbage said.
"He is a part of my heart that I will never be able to get back. I need him as much as he needs me." In fact, the two of them were so close that Cubbage even took Rick to the Air Force Ball as her date. It was an adorable moment.
However, life forced the two of them to be set apart. Eventually Cubbage was stationed in Tucson, Arizona while Rick remained in South Korea. It was a very difficult split the two of them had to bear.
Cubbage and Rick were both heartbroken to have to be apart. However, soon enough Cubbage got some amazing news. It seems that Rick was going to retire soon and Cubbage wanted to be the one to keep him during his retirement!
As soon as Cubbage heard that Rick was going to be retiring she knew she had to work hard to get him. She quickly got in contact with The American Humane Society. The society soon thought of an amazing plan.
The American Humane Society got in touch with Hormel and the Hallmark Channel. Together, all of them worked to figure out a plan to get Rick to the United States. The first thing they did was send a veterinarian out to South Korea.
They managed to send out a veterinarian all the way to South Korea. The vet was able to look after Rick and travel with him all the way back to the United States. Cubbage couldn't contain her excitement.
"You just count down the days, count down the time until you're reunited with him. You always want to be there. You never want to leave these guys. You never want to sit there and move on and the fact that the military allows us to adopt our working dogs now is phenomenal," Cubbage said.
Cubbage also has a special treat waiting for Rick's arrival. "He has a marrow bone waiting for him that's stuffed with peanut butter, honey, raspberries, and blueberries." So, how did the reunion go?
It was a highly emotional reunion when the two of them were reintroduced to each other. Cubbage could barely believe her eyes when she saw Rick again for the first time. It was truly a miraculous moment!
"I couldn't have been any happier than the day I got the email that I could bring him home forever. I can't wait to pick up where we left off. He was my buddy, and I missed him each and every day. There is just something about having your partner finally home with you that can't be explained," she said.
Finally, the day came and Cubbage was sitting and waiting patiently for Rick to arrive. However, as soon as she saw her old pal the biggest smile appeared on her face. There was nothing that could ruin this moment for her.
"Hi, how you doing? Hi baby boy! How are you doing buddy? How are you doing buddy?" Cubbage asked excitedly. Rick was just as happy to see his long lost pal. The excitement was written all over his face.
Cubbage is so grateful to the Humane Society and everyone else for pitching in the help and covering the costs of bringing Rick here. "Rick is my partner, friend, brother, and son," Cubbage said.
Cubbage is now happily reunited with her best friend ever. Thanks to the Humane Society and others, Cubbage, who happily served our country, now gets to enjoy the rest of her life with her best friend in true bliss.


text:
Is Vitamin C as Good as Exercise for Your Heart?
Two Meals a Day Is Ideal, But Which Two Is Up to You
What Is Golden Milk?
A daily dose of vitamin C may have a similar effect as walking on a protein called endothelin-1, which promotes the constriction of small blood vessels
Overweight or obese adults who took vitamin C daily reduced endothelin-1-mediated vessel constriction as much as those who walked daily
When endothelin-1 activity is higher it makes small blood vessels more prone to constricting, which increases the risk of heart disease
Vitamin C supplementation represents an effective lifestyle strategy to reduce blood vessel constriction in overweight and obese adults, particularly since many people do not engage in recommended levels of daily physical activity
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin, which means your body doesn't store it. Unlike most other mammals, humans do not have the ability to make vitamin C, which means you need to consume it via your diet.
Vitamin C has numerous functions in the human body, including acting as an essential cofactor in enzymatic reactions. In this way, it plays a role in your body's production of collagen, carnitine (which helps your body turn fat into energy), and catecholamines (hormones made by your adrenal glands), for starters.
Vitamin C is also used by your body for wound healing, repairing, and maintaining the health of your bones and teeth, and plays a role in helping your body absorb iron.1 However, it's vitamin C's role as an antioxidant that it is most well known for.
As a powerful antioxidant, vitamin C is known to block some of the damage caused by DNA-damaging free radicals. Over time, free radical damage may accelerate aging and contribute to the development of heart disease and other health conditions. It's through this antioxidant effect that it's thought vitamin C may play a role in protecting heart health – perhaps as much as exercise.
Vitamin C May Be as Helpful to Your Heart as Walking
A daily dose of vitamin C may have a similar effect as walking on a protein called endothelin-1, which promotes the constriction of small blood vessels. The study, which was presented at the American Physiological Society's 14th International Conference on Endothelin, involved 35 sedentary, overweight, or obese adults.2
Those who took a daily time-release dose of vitamin C (500 milligrams, mg) reduced endothelin-1-mediated vessel constriction as much as those who walked daily. Endothelin-1 activity is known to be higher in those who are overweight and obese.
This makes small blood vessels more prone to constricting, which increases the risk of heart disease. As noted by the Daily Mail:
"[T]he team concluded that vitamin C supplementation represents an effective lifestyle strategy to reduce ET-1 mediated vessel constriction in overweight and obese adults," particularly since many people do not engage in recommended levels of daily physical activity.3
Vitamin C Is Well Known for Helping Your Blood Vessels to Relax
Vitamin C is a simple intervention that can have far-reaching effects for heart health, even beyond its affect on endothelin-1, in part because of its role in vasodilation. As explained by the Linus Pauling Institute:4
"The ability of blood vessels to relax or dilate (vasodilation) is compromised in individuals with atherosclerosis. Damage to the heart muscle caused by a heart attack and damage to the brain caused by a stroke are related, in part, to the inability of blood vessels to dilate enough to allow blood flow to the affected areas.
The pain of angina pectoris is also related to insufficient dilation of the coronary arteries. Impaired vasodilation has been identified as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Many randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled studies have shown that treatment with vitamin C consistently results in improved vasodilation in individuals with coronary heart disease.
It also occurred in those with angina pectoris, congestive heart failure, diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure. Improved vasodilation has been demonstrated at an oral dose of 500 mg of vitamin C daily."
Even beyond vasodilation, a study published in the American Heart Journal revealed that each 20 micromole/liter (µmol/L) increase in plasma vitamin C was associated with a 9 percent reduction in heart failure mortality.5
According to Dr. Andrew Saul, editor of the Orthomolecular Medicine News Service, if everyone were to take 500 mg of vitamin C per day — the dose required to reach a healthy level of 80 µmol/L — an estimated 216,000 lives could be spared each year.
Vitamin C Is One Reason Why Vegetables Are So Good for Your Heart
Most people are aware that eating fresh vegetables and, to some extent, fruits, may benefit your heart health. However, researchers recently teased out one such benefit from the crowd, revealing that a primary reason why people who eat lots of fruits and vegetables have a lower risk of heart disease and early death is because of their high vitamin C levels.
A Danish study that followed more than 100,000 people found those with the highest intake of fruits and vegetables had a 15 percent lower risk of developing heart disease and a 20 percent lower risk of early death compared with those with the lowest intakes.6
The study also revealed that those with the highest plasma vitamin C levels had significantly reduced rates of heart disease and all-cause mortality. The researchers explained:7
"… [W]e can see that the reduced risk is related to high vitamin C concentrations in the blood from the fruit and vegetables… our data cannot exclude that a favorable effect of high intake of fruit and vegetables could in part be driven by high vitamin C concentrations."
Vitamin C May Lower Your Blood Pressure and Help Keep Arteries Flexible
Adding on to vitamin C's strong role in heart health, people who eat a diet rich in antioxidants like vitamin C may have a lower risk of high blood pressure.
Research published in the journal Hypertension revealed a "strong association between vitamin C concentrations, an indicator of fruit and vegetable consumption, and a lower level of blood pressure."8
Vitamin C is also known to slow down the progression of hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). It may help keep your arteries flexible and prevents damage to LDL cholesterol. People with low levels of vitamin C are at increased risk of heart attack, peripheral artery disease, and stroke, all of which can stem from atherosclerosis.9
Beyond Heart Health: Why Else Do You Need Vitamin C?
Download Interview Transcript
To only classify vitamin C as a nutrient for your heart would be doing your health a disservice. Vitamin C is considered an anti-aging vitamin and actually reversed age-related abnormalities in mice with a premature aging disorder, restoring healthy aging.10
Vitamin C even plays a role in brain health, as it is necessary to make certain neurotransmitters, including serotonin.11 It has also been found to play a role in preventing the common cold, cancer, osteoarthritis, age-related macular degeneration, asthma, and more. Vitamin C may also be useful for:12
Boosting immune system function Improving vision in people with uveitis (inflammation of the middle part of the eye) Allergy-related conditions, such as eczema and hay fever
Treating sunburn Alleviating dry mouth Healing burns and wounds
Decreasing blood sugar in diabetics Fighting viral illnesses, such as mononucleosis Maintaining healthy gums
In the video above, you can also hear from Dr. Ronald Hunninghake, an internationally recognized expert on vitamin C who has personally supervised more than 60,000 intravenous (IV) vitamin C administrations. Dr. Hunninghake explained:
"The way to really understand vitamin C is to go back to the writings of Irwin Stone who wrote The Healing Factor, which was a fantastic book written in the 70s about vitamin C. He points out that every creature, when they are sick, greatly increase their liver's or their kidney's production of vitamin C. But humans, primates, and guinea pigs have lost that ability.
We still have the gene that makes the L-gulonolactone oxidase enzyme that converts glucose to vitamin C but it's non-functional. We have to get our vitamin C from the outside: from food. When we give vitamin C intravenously, what we're doing is recreating your liver's ability to synthesize tremendous amounts of vitamin C… So I always look upon high dose vitamin C as nature's way of dealing with crisis in terms of your health."
IV vitamin C is used for a variety of illnesses, notably as an adjunct to cancer treatment and for chronic infections, such as cold, flu, or even chronic fatigue.
What Are the Best Food Sources of Vitamin C?
Many people associate citrus fruits with vitamin C – and they are a good source, but they're far from the only one. Many vegetables as well as non-citrus fruits also contain vitamin C, so you can usually get plenty from your diet as long as you're eating well. Particularly rich sources of vitamin C include:
Sweet peppers Chili peppers Brussels sprouts
Broccoli Artichoke Sweet potato
Tomato Cauliflower Kale
Papaya Strawberries Oranges
Kiwifruit Grapefruit Cantaloupe
You can also squeeze some fresh lemon or lime juice into a glass of water for a vitamin-C-rich beverage. And if you're concerned you're not eating enough fresh produce, consider juicing. For more information, please see my juicing page. Getting your vitamin C from food sources is ideal, as the vitamin C will work in synergy with other nutrients and compounds in the food. As reported by the George Mateljan Foundation:13
"Antioxidants in foods tend to work together in important and synergistic ways to provide protection against free radical damage. The most well-known of these connections is that between vitamin E and vitamin C. Specifically, vitamin C helps to protect vitamin E in people, such as smokers, who have chronic overproduction of free radicals. Similarly, we see the flavonoid class of plant-based antioxidants helping to make the free radical protection from vitamin C that much stronger.
This is great news, given that the foods that are most flavonoid-rich also tend to be among our better vitamin C sources. This synergistic protection is but one of many potential explanations for why the health benefits of plant-based diets cannot be replicated by nutrient supplements."
When taking an oral vitamin C, you also want to be mindful of your dosing frequency. Dr. Steve Hickey, who wrote the book Ascorbate, has shown that if you take vitamin C frequently throughout the day you can achieve much higher plasma levels. So even though your kidneys will tend to rapidly excrete the vitamin C, by taking it every hour or two you can maintain a much higher plasma level than if you just dose it once a day (unless you're taking an extended-release form of vitamin C).
Signs of Vitamin C Deficiency
In the US, serious vitamin C deficiency is rare, however many people do have low levels.14 If you're elderly, for instance, you may have higher requirements for vitamin C, as aging may inhibit absorption. Smokers may also require more vitamin C due to the increased oxidative stress from cigarette smoke. Signs that you may need more vitamin C include:15
Dry and splitting hair Gingivitis (inflammation of your gums) Bleeding gums
Rough, dry or scaly skin Decreased wound-healing rate Easy bruising
Nosebleeds Decreased ability to ward off infection
Generally speaking, if you're regularly eating multiple servings of vegetables and fruits daily, your vitamin C levels are probably OK. However, keep in mind that the fresher the vegetables, the more vitamin C they'll contain. According to George Mateljan foundation:16
"The same thing that makes vitamin C so important — its ability to protect against free radical damage — also makes it very prone to damage by heat, oxygen, and storage over time… The vitamin C content of food will start to decline as soon as it is picked, even though this decline can be slowed down and minimized by cooling and retention of the food in its whole form. But a fresh, vitamin C-rich vegetable like broccoli — if allowed to sit at room temperature for 6 days — can lose almost 80 percent of its vitamin C…
Long-term storage of vegetables can cost a significant amount of vitamin C. Kept frozen for a year, kale can lose half its vitamin C or more. Canning is even more detrimental, with 85 percent of the original vitamin C lost over the same year. While cooking will lower the amount of vitamin C in most foods… the amount of vitamin C lost will vary widely by cooking method. For example, basket-steaming broccoli for 15 minutes will reduce the vitamin C content by nearly one quarter."
So eat vegetables as often as you can, but try to make sure they're fresh and either raw or lightly cooked. As an alternative, you can also try making fermented vegetables at home. The vitamin C in sauerkraut(fermented cabbage) is about six times higher than in the same helping of unfermented cabbage approximately one week after fermentation begins, so it's an excellent way to boost your vitamin C intake.
Medical News Daily September 6, 2015
NWR September 7, 2015
Linus Pauling Institute, Vitamin C
1, 9, 12, 14, 15 University of Maryland Medical Center, Vitamin C
2 Medical News Daily September 6, 2015
3 Daily Mail September 7, 2015
4 Linus Pauling Institute, Vitamin C
5 American Heart Journal 2011 Aug;162(2):246-53
6 The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition May 6, 2015
7 NutraIngredients July 20, 2015
8 Hypertension. 2011 Sep;58(3):372-9.
10 FASEB J. 2010 Jan;24(1):158-72.
11, 13, 16 World's Healthiest Foods, Vitamin C
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How Vitamin C and Iron Can Help Reduce Your Risk of Stroke
Vitamin C: The Supplement Almost Everyone Should Take When They Are Sick
Adequate Vitamin C Linked to Lower Risk for Heart Disease and Early Death


On late Friday afternoon, a juryin a San Jose federal courtroom handed Apple a major legal victory in a landmark patent trial. The jurors, who according to the foreman believed Apple's demand of $2.75 billion in damages was "extraordinarily high," ultimately decided that Samsung should be required to pay Apple $1.05 billion in damages.
The case, which was extremely complex, examined the use of multiple technologies on over 30 mobile devices. One of the patents that the jury upheld was Apple's Pinch-to-Zoom technology. As a result of upholding this single patent, other mobile phone manufacturers will be prohibited from including this popular option on all future devices.
John Quinn, the lead attorney for Samsung, said, "This decision should not be allowed to stand because it would discourage innovation and limit the rights of consumers to make choices for themselves." In addition, he indicated the legal team would request the jury's verdict be tossed out and promised to fight on.
Will this verdict stifle future innovation or was it an appropriate penalty for patent infringement? What do you think?


Demonstrates how a map can be rendered to an empty container after construction by calling the render method.
In cases where you need to create a map first and render it to some container later, call the map constructor without a "div" argument. In this case, you can provide the options object as the first argument. To render your map to some container after construction, call the map's render method with the container id.


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A Long Look at Jug Bay
Generation Zero: My Best Job Ever
Code of the West
The Making of 'I Saw Them Ride Away'
I Saw Them Ride Away
Marie and Claude
Chris Swarth
J. Verl Silvester
Mike Blackstone
Harry Arthur Gant
Lewis Bailhof
Harry Gant's memoir, I Saw Them Ride Away, brought us his voice and views on the real Old West and how Hollywood failed to depict it. Some of the stories in his memoir were well known to his family, but many were new even to them.
While preparing his work for publication, cross-checking his names, dates and other facts, we confirmed much of what he said and found some new stories. He wrote, "My footprints in the sands of time will be obliterated at my demise, by the first rain." We certainly didn't expect to find many footprints fifty years after he wrote those words. But much to our surprise, the vast resources available through the Internet revealed many of his footprints, and put us in touch with real people with connections to him.
Most amazing was the "missing chapter," the story he didn't tell, but should have. None of his living family members knew of this story, either from him or from his sons. We are pleased to bring it to view for the first time, and to propose a reason he might have left it out of his memoir.
The pictures from the book are available for viewing online, larger and with better quality than the printed versions.
Along the way, we developed an extensive set of cross-references from Gant's memoir to Internet and other sources. We are compiling these as a separate list of the sources that we found while cross-checking the book.
Purchase at Amazon.com (List Price: $5.99)
EAN/ISBN: 978-1452803821
Page Count: 70, includes 25 pictures
Binding Type: US Trade Paper
Trim Size: 6″ x 9″
Related Categories: Memoir / Old West / Cowboy / Hollywood / Silent Film


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Home / Advertorial / Career Opportunities / Stakeholders Hold Roundtable on Digital Rights and Engagement in Lagos!
Stakeholders Hold Roundtable on Digital Rights and Engagement in Lagos!
Effective digital engagement by government agencies remains a big priority for the Federal Government because of its immense potential, this was the position of Tolu Ogunlesi, the Head of Presidency Office of Digital Engagement (PODE).
Ogunlesi was speaking at a stakeholder roundtable on digital rights and digital engagement organised by Paradigm Initiative, Facebook and PODE.
The roundtable, which held on February 22, in Lagos, brought together stakeholders from government agencies, the private sector and the civil society. It provided an engaging atmosphere for a lively debate on issues affecting internet freedom and digital engagement by government agencies in Nigeria.
Issues discussed at the roundtable include data privacy and protection, law enforcement, libel, fake news, and digital engagement by the government. The roundtable followed the first edition held in Abuja last year.
Speaking at the roundtable, the Executive Director of Paradigm Initiative, 'Gbenga Sesan emphasised the need for continuous conversation between stakeholders in the private sector, civil society and the government on digital rights issues in Nigeria.
Participants at the roundtable include Anselm Ozioko of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission representing the Acting Chairman of the Commission and the Acting Director of Defence Information Brigadier General John Agim, who provided perspectives from the national security and law enforcement side.
Other participants are Chioma Okee-Aguguo representing the CEO of National Information Technology Development Agency, Olufemi Fadare of the National Identity Management Commission, Olusola Teniola, President, Association Of Telecommunication Companies Of Nigeria (ATCON), Edet Ojo, Executive Director at Media Rights Agenda. Tolu Ogunlesi (PODE), Akua Gyeke (Facebook) and 'Gbenga Sesan (Paradigm Initiative).
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Q: Outdoor low-voltage 12 V landscape lighting systems: transformer vs SMPS Why are 12 V transformers so popular for outdoor low-voltage landscape lighting systems vs using a 12 V switch-mode power supply?
From my understanding, a switch-mode power supply is smaller, more efficient, and cheaper than a transformer (as well as quieter as there is no transformer AC hum). Is there a safety or reliability issue, or something else?
As an example, you can search Amazon for 12v outdoor lighting power supply to see the variants.

A: Transformers are much more durable, particularly against ESD which will be an issue for outdoor lighting.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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All Out Political War: A Democratic Party Hit Job
President Trump nominated Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court, despite Kavanaugh's wishy-washy fence-sitting on the ACA's constitutionality and his 65 page dissent (Seven-Sky v Holder) that paved the way for Chief Justice Roberts to declare Obamacare a "tax" and "constitutional", as Trump passed over Amy Comey Barrett, who most conservatives recognized as the best choice. Although Kavanaugh is a highly qualified candidate, who was passed through to the federal court with flying colors, by Democrats and Republicans alike, today the Democrats are fighting his placement to the Supreme Court, tooth and nail, due to the fact that the Court is now viewed as though it were a second legislative body, by politicians on both sides of the political aisle. The nomination process has been politicized and weaponized, which was noted during the hearing, on September 27th, by an outraged and apoplectic Senator Lindsey Graham of South Carolina.
In what can only be described as a Democratic Party hit job and leftwing character assassination, Senator Dianne Feinstein sat on Dr Christine Blasey Ford's allegation of an attempted rape committed against her by Kavanaugh, from July until mid-September, and revealed it only as a Hail Mary and an 11th hour act of desperation to motivate President Trump to remove Kavanaugh or make Kavanaugh withdraw himself from the nomination. Not long afterwards, two more women joined the attack. Not one of Kavanaugh's accusers has a single shred of evidence to any assault, and, the "witnesses" they have named refute and deny their accusations.
Even the New York Times went out on a limb on September 23rd and cast suspicion on Debbie Ramirez's accusation. They reported that "Ramirez … could not be certain Mr. Kavanaugh was the one who exposed himself".
Something clearly happened to Ford and she certainly believes her story, which ebbed and flowed like a surreal nightmare, of which she had virtually no solid memory to support the events she supposedly experienced. A neutral interviewer, attorney Rachel Mitchell, exposed this fact during questioning, and Ford herself repeatedly contradicted herself, while claiming her memory was firm that Kavanaugh was her "attacker". Mitchell's masterfully exposed that Ford's legal team, who paid for her polygraph test, was suggested by Senator Feinstein, and they misrepresented Ford's fear of flying and the need for a delay.
If one doesn't believe this is a hit job, how would anyone explain that Debra Katz, Ford's lawyer, represented another Kavanaugh accuser, Julie Swetnick, a decade ago, in a sexual harassment suit against New York Life? Coincidence? Hardly. It is also quite interesting to find that Swetnick has a history of making these sort of allegations.
Whether one sees Kavanaugh as a strong constitutionalist or not, America should not forget that he worked in Ken Starr's investigation of Bill Clinton and the 2000 election recount; he was also a staff secretary for President George W. Bush and he was nominated to the U.S. Court of Appeals in 2003. Curiously, none of his accusers chose to step forward at any of those times.
The Democrats don't really want to find the truth. If they did, they would have raised this accusation from the start and investigated it quietly, without having Kavanaugh's and Ford's name dragged through the media mud. However, as noted by Andrew McCarthy, the Senate isn't charged with solving crimes and psychoanalyzing witnesses. The Senate's job is to advise and consent on the president's nomination, and even if it were a trial, the case is so weak, it would be thrown out of court.
In the second half of the hearing, Brett Kavanaugh's righteous anger was apparent, as he exclaimed: "This confirmation process has become a national disgrace. The Constitution gives the Senate an important role in the confirmation process, but you have replaced 'advise and consent' with 'search and destroy'. … You may defeat me in the final vote, but you will never get me to quit. Never."
Whatever happened to "innocent until proven guilty"?
In the ongoing testimony, Kavanaugh stated: "I'm here today to tell the truth. I've never sexually assaulted anyone, not in high school, not in college, not ever. Sexual assault is horrific."
Senator Mazie Hirono (D-HI) essentially told CNN's Jake Tapper that Kavanaugh doesn't have the same presumption of innocence because of his conservative ideology. She inferred that he's more likely to be guilty due to his conservatism. The Democrats don't oppose him because they find the accusations credible. They find the accusations credible because they oppose him.
How surreal is it to see the admitted sexual molester, Senator Cory Booker, feigning outrage in his attempt to castigate the honorable Judge Brett Kavanaugh, a Yale Graduate, who has had no less than 87 women rush to his defense?
Senator Lindsey Graham took all of this farce he could, until he finally unleashed a fury that not any single American ever knew him capable of reaching. Rising up in his seat several times, Senator Graham angrily castigated his Democrat counterparts: "Boy, you all want power. God, I hope you never get it. I hope the American people can see through this sham that you knew about and you held it. … What you want is you want to destroy this guy's life, hold this seat open and hope you win in 2020. You've said that. Not me. … This is one of the most unethical shams I've seen in politics and if you really wanted to know the truth, you sure as hell wouldn't have done what you've done to [Kavanaugh] this guy." Graham later added, "If this is the new norm, you better watch out for your [Democrats'] nominees."
This is an all out political war for the Supreme Court and the future of America, and the Left wants to win by any means necessary, since their agenda in America is at stake. The Leftist illiberal Democratic Party needs the Court, a politicized Court, in order to continue redefining marriage and advancing sexual deviancy, abortions on demand, single-payer "healthcare" and other communistic systems and the assault on our borders and U.S. sovereignty. Much more is at stake than Brett Kavanaugh's career. Both parties understand the shift that will take place, if a committed Constitutionalist replaces Justice Kennedy.
The rest of the Republican Party needs to take note and follow Senator Graham's lead on this. Graham finally let his backbone show in outstanding fashion, as he delivered some harsh criticism of the Democrats and some damned straight talk, that Americans haven't heard coming from the Republicans, in decades. He grew into the Lion of Congress with his passionate expose of the Democrats' intent and his righteous indignation, and many Americans had tears in their eyes, as they finally saw a U.S. Senator making a hard stand for a fellow honorable American, for all Americans and for this country we love so well.
~ The Author ~
Justin O. Smith has lived in Tennessee off and on most of his adult life, and graduated from Middle Tennessee State University in 1980, with a B.S. and a double major in International Relations and Cultural Geography – minors in Military Science and English, for what its worth. His real education started from that point on. Smith worked 8 years for the LaVergne Fire Deptartment – two years as their clean-up boy – and became a working fireman at age 16, working his way through college and subsequently joining the U.S. Army. Since then he primarily have contracted construction and traveled – spending quite a bit of time up and down the Columbia River Gorge, in the Puget Sound on Whidby Island and down around Ft. Lauderdale and South Beach. Justin currently writes a weekly column for The Rutherford Reader in Murfreesboro, TN, which he calls home, in addition to being a frequent contributor to the Federal Observer – and spend as much time as possible with his two beautiful and intelligent daughters and five grandchildren. Justin Love God, Family and Our Majestic and Wonderful America, and am a Son of Liberty.
This entry was posted in Perspectives... on September 29, 2018 by The Publisher.
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1 thought on "All Out Political War: A Democratic Party Hit Job"
Cindy September 30, 2018 at 6:31 PM
So now we are guilty until proven innocent ? What an Fing piece of Socialism.


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BY Christina Ramsay
Lengthy descriptive passages, a frustratingly reclusive protagonist, and a smattering of low-quality poetry – not normally the recipe for a popular novel.
Nevertheless, in Where the Crawdads Sing these are the very elements that will quickly captivate even the most sceptical readers. What is so engaging about this book is that it defies simple genre conventions; it is at once a murder mystery, an atypical coming of age story, a romance, and a court-room drama. Owens elegant prose effortlessly weaves between these disparate modes of storytelling, even as readers find themselves abruptly relocated to the courtroom, a world that is in our protagonist Kya's words "not as poetic as the language of the marsh".
The debut fiction novel from Delia Owens remains on the New York Times bestseller list for its 39th week on the list since its release in 2018. But whilst Where the Crawdads Sing might be Owens' first novel, it is not her first book. Owens has a Ph.D. in Animal Behaviour and her previous work includes internationally bestselling books about wildlife and highly accoladed nature writing. Such details will not surprise those who have read the novel and were transported into the extraordinary world of the marsh with Kya, under the "paint-brushed sky" of the North Carolina coast.
The story opens with two young boys stumbling across the dead body of town heartthrob Chase Andrews in 1969. It's a scene that crime fiction readers will be familiar with, and one that is easy to picture on the big screen. In fact, the book has already been acquired by Reese Witherspoon's production company to be made into a feature film. Nevertheless, Owens doesn't dwell on the more formulaic elements of the novel for long. Much of the novel is dedicated to watching the abandoned Kya navigate the challenges of growing up alone in the marsh that she calls home and it's much harder to imagine how extended moments of silence amongst nature will be successfully adapted for a film.
The story bounces back and forth in time between 1952 and 1970, Owens simultaneously building the mystery of Chases' murder with Kya's gradual ageing from a savage, uneducated six-year-old, to a beautiful young woman with an exceptional knowledge of the marsh wildlife. Some may not enjoy Kya's introduction with young love, as the development of her relationship with Tate teeters into Young Adult territory. However, this narrative slip felt reasonably accurate for a loner with almost no understanding of human relationships, making her first naïve experience with romance feel all the more believable.
Where the Crawdads Sing is a beautifully written novel with a page-turning plot that keeps you guessing until literally the final page. Owens also successfully immerses readers into the unfamiliar but magnificent new world of Kya's home, the marsh. If those things aren't enough to satisfy you as a reader, then perhaps you won't enjoy this book. But I sure did.
Hein Cooper
Winter Style Guide


The internet sensation made headlines on Sunday after he photobombed Taye Diggs at the 2019 Critics' Choice Awards. It all happened while the award show host was naming Mission: Impossible – Fallout Best Action Movie. Fans soon spotted a man carrying a tray of food from the establishment and smiling from ear to ear. Before the night was over, the internet had found it next meme.


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Xiaomi CEO tests the snow handling of his 1st electric car
Two Xiaomi Car have appeared on social media. Their development seems well advanced, since the CEO of the company himself has taken the wheel.
Xiaomi cars on the road / Credit: Weibo
A pre-series model of the fully camouflaged 100% electric car was spotted a few days ago in China, and today, it's downright a video of the brand's CEO, Lei Jun, which is circulating on Weibo. A member of the microblogging service thus published two photos showing us two Xiaomi cars tested on the road in very snowy weather.
Two and a half years after Xiaomi registered the Xiaomi Automobile trademark, the first car of the Chinese company seems very close to being marketed. The founder of the company had for the first time mentioned theidea to enter the automotive industry in March 2021. The Xiaomi Car will therefore have taken almost three years to materialize. Me Jun followed the conception of her baby very closely, as evidenced by the photographs published on the Chinese social network. The company's CEO is one of four people seen in the photos, and he drove one of the two test cars himself.
The Xiaomi Car was out for a test drive in the snow
From the technical sheet of the cars tested on this occasion, nothing is known yet. As can be seen in the photographs, two Xiaomi cars are taken out of the factory walls for a test in very cold weather. As in their last appearances, the cars are cleverly camouflaged so as not to reveal any too important details of their design. Analysis of the shape of the vehicles confirms, however, that the first Xiaomi Car will be a sports sedan.
Xiaomi cars in the snow / Credit: Weibo
These public releases do not mean that the Xiaomi Car is complete. Its marketing is still scheduled for 2024, a pivotal year if ever there was one, since it is at this same time that Apple should present its Apple Car. It is also not known in which countries the Xiaomi Car will be offered. In the Middle Kingdom, it will be offered to a price oscillating between €12,853 and €38,552 excluding taxes depending on the version.
Source : Gizmochina


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What happens to marriage after children?
Credit: iStock.com/RyanJLane
Expectant parents are often warned about how life will change when a baby is born.
They are warned of the lack of sleep.
The sudden decrease in a social life.
The change in their identity.
But vary rarely are they warned about the impact their bundle of joy may have on their relationship.
Being aware of the stresses and how to recognise them, learning to be flexible and resilient and knowing when and where to seek support, can all work to strengthen and stabilise relationships.
"Having a child is one of the most significant milestones for a couple and signifies that the couple are beginning to start a family," says Matt Garrett, Couple & Family Counsellor and Manager Hunter Relationships Australia NSW.
"Symbolically a child or children represent the 'union' between the couple.
"Having said that, undoubtedly having a baby, particularly a first baby, has a significant impact on the couple's relationship."
When are children the most stressful on a marriage?
"When you go from a couple to having a baby, that is a very big change," says Anne Hollonds, Director of the Australian Family Institute of Studies and an experienced psychologist.
"While there are many happy things about it, it can be very challenging.
"In some cases, it can be catastrophic on the relationship.
"It requires significant realignment of the relationship between the two adults and how they relate to each other, to incorporate all the demands of this new baby.
"You think going through the birth is tough, that is nothing compared to the next five or more years and the potential negative effects on your relationship."
In a 2009 study, researchers surveyed 218 couples over the first eight years of their marriage.
They found that, "the transition to parenthood has a significant impact on marital functioning".
"For the average couple, these effects were negative, small to medium in magnitude, and consistent across a number of relationship domains.
"Moreover, these effects tended to be sudden and persist over time."
Matt explains that with the birth of the first child, "it is not uncommon for the couple to feel discombobulated".
"Intimacy and closeness are less easy to find, and the couple's sex life is also likely to be disrupted.
"Socialising together is often difficult and the emotional roller coaster that so often accompanies having a baby can reveal sides of the couple that neither of them thought were there.
"It is a huge transformative moment in the life of a couple."
Anne agrees and says that many hurt feelings, misunderstandings and disagreements can be shoved under the carpet to be dealt with later as the couple tries to simply get through the day on little sleep.
"Because the issues aren't dealt with, they can re-emerge later as more serious problems, sometimes terminal to the relationship," she says.
In a complex and increasingly busy world, where the expectations of men and women and couples in a marriage or partnership are less prescribed, it will be important to heed the warning signs of a relationship that is beginning to struggle.
Matt Garrett
Stay up to date with the latest news and articles from First Five Years
Even though having a baby can be stressful on a relationship, the good news is that divorce statistics suggest that parents are working through those early years.
"The marriage and divorce statistics show that the length of a marriage is starting to get longer than ever before," says Anne.
Anne explains that with the increasing knowledge of the negative effects of divorce on children, parents are trying to make their marriage work.
"Research has shown that divorce really disrupts children and even adults, and you can spend many years recovering from the impacts of a divorce," she says.
"So, we are not as likely to move to separation or divorce when we have children than previous decades, especially in those early years of having children, but that is often when the damage is done.
"When you are not facing up to the issues because you are just trying to get through the day, then you might run into trouble later on."
Does it get easier?
Anne explains that the shift and change in responsibilities when the baby comes along can build a lot of resentment for the primary care giver, most often the mother.
"The mental load is definitely greater on the mother," says Anne, describing the burden of remembering and then executing tasks required to care for the children and run a household.
"Of course, there have been changes to men's roles, but the load is definitely still more on the mother.
"Before the baby, it is usually an equal share of responsibilities between the couple, but after the birth, that changes and so much resentment can build from that."
The Australian Institute of Family Studies has recently published a report which shows the statistical trends in fathers' employment, for couple and single fathers over recent decades.
Within the report, they show a graph1 which demonstrates the mother's and father's time use up to and after the birth of the first child regarding employment, parenting/childcare and household work. Needless to say, the graph speaks volumes about the change in responsibilities for the mother after the birth of a child.
Matt adds that the primary care giver can feel quite isolated from their usual social events while having the physical and emotional strain of raising a child.
He also explains that the non-primary care giver, usually the father, can also experience hurt as the relationship dynamics change.
"The non-primary care giver is likely to experience feeling displaced and their needs will often come secondary to the baby and the primary carer," he says.
"The displaced partner may also feel guilty about expressing their feelings of being neglected as this is rarely anticipated prior to the birth of the baby and runs counter to what is expected in having a child."
As for it getting easier as the children get older, experts agree that it depends on the family's circumstance.
Anne says that, "typically by the time the youngest is five, the mother is back at work, at least part time, and there is an enormous amount of juggling that goes on with that".
Matt explains that once all the children are at school, "life can in fact become even busier, ferrying children to their various out of school events, managing the increasing complexities of their needs as they grow and develop, while incredibly rewarding is also likely to be taxing physically and emotionally for the couple".
Anne recommends having strong foundations within the relationship to be able to review, discuss and negotiate how parents work together as a team to prevent resentment and problems from escalating.
How to get through it?
"Being able to be flexible and resilient will be the most important skills for the couple to move through this period," recommends Matt.
Anne adds, "you need to be able to talk about the issues in a way that doesn't lead to a cycle of blame and hostility – find a way to resolve your disagreements that strengthens your partnership not weakens it".
Matt recommends couples have time together.
"Maintaining a time where the couple can be together exclusively will be important."
He adds that, "couples should discover ways they can ensure their love and positive regard for each other can be communicated to each other".
Anne adds that parents need to understand that their relationship is incredibly important, even though it can sometimes fall to the bottom of the to-do list.
[1] These estimates were derived from unit record data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey. The HILDA Project was initiated and is funded by the Australian Government Department of Social Services (DSS) and is managed by the Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research (Melbourne Institute). The findings and views reported in this paper are those of the author and should not be attributed to either DSS or the Melbourne Institute.
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Apply the duration when charging the battery because if you over charge or fill it too long, the battery will quickly break down.
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