text:
Industry survey suggests Fairtrade mark has been damaged by being awarded to Nestlé's token products
A report on a survey conducted by the industry body, IGD, suggests that the Fairtrade brand has been harmed by it being added to Nestlé products.
As followers of this blog will know, Nestlé has received Fairtrade certification for two products. Partners' Blend coffee, involving just 0.1% of the coffee farmers dependent on it has been used in national advertising campaigns since it was awarded in 2005, diverting attention from criticism that Nestlé's predatory pricing practices drive down farmers' income, sometimes below the cost of production. Suggestions that the award would be a Trojan horse, transforming Nestlé's relationship with coffee farmers have so far proved unfounded.
This month it was announced 4-finger KitKats in the UK and Ireland will be Fairtrade certified in January, representing just over 1% of Nestlé's cocoa purchase. Media coverage generally failed to mention how small a percentage was involved or the fact that Nestlé has been taken to court in the US for failing to act on a 2001 agreement to end child slavery within its cocoa supply chain within five years. Indeed, media coverage has implied Nestlé's Fairtrade move is addressing the problem of child slavery, rather than being a token move that is diverting attention from the broader concerns.
The amount Nestlé is spending on the Fairtrade Premium for the cocoa it will buy in 2010 (less than £400,000) is less than 1% of its expenditure on its current UK Nescafé advertising campaign (£43 million). Not only has it generated unwarranted good publicity, a UK Minister has used Fairtrade KitKat to dodge a question at a UN press conference on Nestlé's negative impact in developing countries. See:
http://boycottnestle.blogspot.com/2009/12/nestle-kitkat-minister.html
According to the Food and Drink Digital report on the IGD poll, entitled Food shoppers sceptical of ethical shopping influence:
There are several forms of certification that food and drink products can be accredited with, such as Fairtrade, the Rainforest Alliance or Freedom Foods.
However, many of these labels have attracted controversy, damaging consumer confidence. Fairtrade certification applies to products, not to companies, recently allowing Nestle to gain Fairtrade certification for the Kit Kat, despite ongoing allegations about its business practices relating to other brands.
US Fair Trade organisations have questioned Nestlé's commitment to sourcing cocoa more responsibly. See the press release at:
http://boycottnestle.blogspot.com/2009/12/nestle-fairtrade-kitkat-usresponse.html
Bama Athreya, Executive Director of the International Labor Rights Forum, said, "Nestlé cannot claim to be sourcing responsible cocoa by using a small amount of Fair Trade Certified cocoa when the majority of its cocoa could be produced by forced labor and child labor. As the largest food company in the world, Nestlé must make a stronger commitment to protecting worker rights in its cocoa supply chain as well as in its production facilities and in the sourcing of other agricultural products."
---extract
When Nestlé received its Fairtrade coffee certification from the UK Fairtrade Foundation for a product representing just 0.02% of its coffee purchase, another Fair Trade organisation suggested that a far greater commitment should have been extracted from Nestlé before giving it the right to use the logo:
http://www.equalexchange.coop/fair-trade-coffee-pioneer-questions-nestles-entry-into-market
Equal Exchange's co-director, Rob Everts said, "We understand what it takes to commit to more equitable relationships with small coffee farmers. We have long recommended that for large corporations the Fair Trade starting point should be 5% of their total imports. Given Nestlé's dismal track record on many fronts in the developing world, they have an even steeper credibility hill to climb than most, and should in fact begin even higher than 5%. Large companies tend to subsidize their modest Fair Trade purchases by paying farmers much lower prices on the rest of their coffee imports."
A quick survey of Baby Milk Action supporters in 2005 found that 47% incorrectly thought the award of Fairtrade certification signified the Fairtrade Foundation had verified that there are no serious ethical concerns with a company. Only 17% realised there could be concerns and the mark relates only to the suppliers of the product that bears it and not all suppliers to the company. Many said their view of the mark would change if Nestlé received an award.
http://www.babymilkaction.org/action/fairtradeqs05analysis.html
This misunderstanding of the limited scope of the Fairtrade mark that has presumably led to the damage to its reputation as it does not compute that a company with such an appalling record as Nestlé should receive it.
Nestlé is one of the four most boycotted companies on the planet, according to GMIPoll (as reported in The Guardian in 2005), over it aggressive marketing of baby foods.
An international coalition of civil society organisations is currently campaigning for Nestlé to be excluded from the UN Global Compact for bringing this voluntary corporate social responsibility initiative into disrepute by using it for Public Relations purposes while continuing with egregious violations of the Global Compact Principles in various aspects of its business. See:
Even Nestlé's Global Public Affairs Manager has admitted Nestlé is widely boycotted.
It is, therefore, perhaps not surprising that the good reputation that the Fairtrade mark has built up over years through the hard work of grassroots supporters (including my own small personal involvement in the campaign to earn Cambridge certification as a Fairtrade city) has been damaged by being handed to Nestlé for so little while Nestlé's systematic breaches of baby food marketing requirements and human rights abuses continue.
Posted by Mike Brady at 12:00 am No comments:
Baby Milk Action Update 42 newsletter
You can download our latest newsletter as a pdf file by clicking here:
http://www.babymilkaction.org/pdfs/update42.pdf
Here's the overview of what is in the newsletter - and our stop press news that after 7 years of campaigning we have finally prompted the formula companies to warn people on the labels of their products that powdered formula is not sterile and so steps to reduce the risks of possible contamination with bacteria should be followed.
Also in the newsletter: It was 30 years ago that six citizen's groups, including a member of the Baby Milk Action Coalition, formed the International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN). A celebration in Geneva (pg 3) recalled how this came about and honoured the many people who gave pivotal support to its aims.
After celebrating the successes and the many lives the campaign has undoubtedly saved, IBFAN Europe's conference focused on planning and training to meet the latest challenges. As industry analysts have stated: "The industry is fighting a rearguard action against regulation on a country-by-country basis." (pg 6) In the UK the industry has been winning. The UK has some of the lowest breastfeeding rates in Europe and, with the help of the European Commission, the industry is successfully blocking implementation of the International Code, despite every health worker and mother support organisation, the Government's own advisors and enforcement bodies calling for stronger measures. A draft report of an 'Independent Review' of the 2007 Regulations shows that the Independent Review Panel has wasted public money asking the wrong question ("Are babies under six months being fed follow-on formula by mistake instead of infant formula?") rather than examining whether the regulations are fulfilling their stated purpose of protecting breastfeeding. We examine how the Government has got it so wrong and what needs to be done to protect infant health, and ensure that all mothers - those who breastfeed and those who use formula - do so on the basis of truly independent information (pgs 9 - 10).
At an international level we look at the policy changes in the USA that are coming in under the new administration (pg 7). We also examine how UN Business 'partnerships' are influencing health policies and threatening food security. Under the banner of 'enlightened self interest' and 'wellness' the industry is now on 'a noble cause' and is fuelling a craze for branded fortified foods with health and nutrition claims - a key marketing strategy for 'adding value.' (pgs 8 & 17) We examine the weaknesses in European process for authorising claims. Our position on formula is that if an ingredient is necessary to reduce its shortcomings, it should be a requirement for all formula, without claims being made. (pg 12) Through the Baby Feeding Law Group we are helping to close loopholes in the marketing regulations in the Philippines (pg 15).
Worryingly, Nestlé launched a new strategy at its AGM, claiming its formula 'protects' babies (pg 19) - it doesn't, babies fed on it are more likely to become sick than breastfed babies, and in conditions of poverty, they are more likely to die. The boycott is part of our strategy to force Nestlé to respect the marketing standards (pg 19 - 23). We invite you to send a message to Nestlé and help us stop Nestlé's 'protect' claims. Campaigns like this really work as our latest victory in the UK demonstrates.
Safer formula campaign victory: Finally! In 2002 the tragic death of a five-dayold child in Belgium highlighted that powdered formula is not sterile and may contain harmful bacteria, such as Enterobacter Sakazakii. Simple steps reduce the risks, but companies refused to warn parents or update their labels - until now. After seven years of campaigning, new warnings that powdered formula is not sterile have started to appear on SMA, Cow & Gate, Aptamil, Nurture and Hipp branded formula in the UK. The instructions and health claims are still not right - but it's progress!
Labels: International campaigns, International measures, Nestle boycott
What the UK's Trade and Development Minister said and did not say about Nestle Fairtrade KitKat
The UK Fairtrade Foundation press release regarding the certification of 4-bar Nestlé KitKats in the UK and Ireland, includes the following:
Rt Hon Gareth Thomas MP, the UK government's Trade and Development Minister, says: "I am glad to see Kit Kat become Fairtrade certified, giving more British shoppers the chance to improve the lives of some of the world's poorest people. This will give thousands of Ivorian cocoa farmers better opportunities to trade their way out of poverty."
This has appeared in many of the media reports about the launch. I emailed Mr. Thomas to ask if he was aware of the context of this announcement: 99% of the cocoa Nestlé sources is outside the Fairtrade scheme and that Nestlé has been taken to court in the US for failing to act on its 2001 commitment to address child labour and slavery in its cocoa supply chain from Ivory Coast.
I'll give the full text below. I am still awaiting a reply. But it seems I am not alone in questioning the Minister of his uncritical support. A press release from the United Nations Department of Public Information regarding a press conference Mr. Thomas gave today (9 December) contains the following:
Mr. Thomas was also asked to comment on his praise for Nestlé UK, whose Kit Kat chocolates would be Fair Trade-certified in Britain beginning in 2010, although Nestlé had faced controversy in the past for its marketing tactics in developing countries. He stressed that, under the Fair Trade deal, cocoa farmers from Côte d'Ivoire earned additional money on top of the agreed price of the cocoa bought by Nestlé, to be used for development purposes. At the moment, the United Kingdom was pursuing the goal of doubling the number of supermarket goods sourced from Africa.
This is exactly what Nestlé was buying with Fairtrade certification for its 4-bar KitKat - a diversion from other issues. Including the fact that 2-bar KitKats and all other Nestlé chocolate is outside the scheme.
From the Fairtrade Foundation we see that the additional money is US$150 per tonne and Nestlé is to buy 4,300 tonnes in 2010, which is US$645,000 (about £400,000).
Great for the farmers, but small change for Nestlé - in August, Nestlé launched a Nescafé promotion in the UK costing £43 million.
So by investing just 1% of a UK Nescafé advertising campaign in sourcing Fairtrade cocoa for 4-bar KitKat, it has generated stories around the world suggesting it is doing something significant to improve the lives of farmers in Ivory Coast and has a UK Government Minister spreading the same misinformation to the media and at the UN. The logo on the KitKat and associated advertising will do the same job in the longer term.
It would have been welcome if the Minister had said something like:
"Fairtrade certification is making a real difference to people's lives. This example is good news for the 6,000 farmers involved, but Nestlé still has to change how it deals with the farmers providing 99% of its cocoa which is outside the scheme and it should live up to its commitments to the Harkin-Engel Protocol. It promised to end child labour and slavery in its cocoa supply chain by 2006, but has not done so. It has been taken to court in the US, but has repeatedly argued that it is just buying a product when it comes to cocoa and is not responsible for egregious labor rights violations involved in its production. If it changed that position it would have a far wider impact than the Fairtrade certification for one product sold in just two countries."
If he was really interested in shifting Nestlé's corporate ethos, he could have added: "We should also not lose sight of the fact that Nestlé continues to violate the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes and subsequent, relevant Resolutions of the World Health Assembly and that complaints about this and alleged human rights abuses have been filed with the UN Global Compact Office by experts on its practices, calling for it to be excluded."
Is it too much to expect the Minister of State for International Development to see the broader picture and not act as an unpaid Public Relations spokesperson for Nestlé?
If our leaders were prepared to speak the truth then campaigners would not have such a tough job forcing changes on corporations such as Nestlé.
This was the message I sent to Mr. Thomas on Monday (bad grammar corrected):
Dear Mr. Thomas MP,
I have seen your comments regarding the award of Fairtrade certification to some Nestlé KitKats (4-finger products only). In making your comment I wonder if you are aware of the context? Nestlé has been taken to court in the US for failing to act on a 2001 agreement to end child slavery in its cocoa supply chain and in the past has boycotted a meeting by Senator Horkins (co-sponsor of the Horkins-Engel Protocol in the US) called to examine lack of progress. There are 11 million people dependent on cocoa farming in West Africa, many of them dependent on Nestlé. The KitKat products involved in this scheme will benefit only 6,000 farmers. There is a danger that the improved conditions for the 6,000 farmers will divert attention from the many others outside the scheme, and be used deliberately to this end by Nestlé.
Stop the Traffik, founded by Steve Chalke, the United Nations Special Advisor on Community Action Against Human Trafficking, said in response to the announcement that 'two finger' Kit Kats and all of Nestlé's other chocolate products: ""will continue to exploit the chocolate slaves of the Ivory Coast from where Nestlé source most of their cocoa"". See:
http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/10757
I am trying to find out how many cocoa farmers are dependent on Nestlé specifically to see if this is a similar situation to its Fairtrade coffee, which involves just 0.1% of the coffee farmers dependent on it, but is used to suggest it is making a huge difference, providing cover for continued unethical practices.
In addition, Nestlé is the most boycotted company in the UK and one of the four most boycotted companies on the planet according to GMIPoll because of the way it pushes its breastmilk substitutes. Nestlé systematically breaches the baby milk marketing standards adopted by the World Health Assembly, undermines breastfeeding and contributes to the unnecessary death and suffering of babies. According to UNICEF, 1.5 million babies die around the world every year because they are not breastfed. Even Nestlé's Global Public Affairs Manager, Dr. Gayle Crozier Willi, admitted in 2007 that Nestlé is 'widely boycotted'.
Fairtrade KitKat will be added to the boycott list. The boycot has forced some changes in Nestlé marketing practices and policies, but the company, the market leader, refuses to make all necessary changes and is still the worst of the baby food companies. At the present time it is being targeted for practices that include claiming its infant formula 'protects' babies - it does not, babies fed on it are more likely to become sick than breastfed babies and in conditions of poverty, they are more likely to die.
Its Fairtrade product should be seen in this context.
Please see my blogs on this topic, which includes a quote from me:
http://boycottnestle.blogspot.com/2009/12/nestle-fairtrade-two-fingers.html
Mike Brady
US Fair Trade Organizations Question Nestlé's Commitment to Fair Trade Cocoa
PRESS RELEASE FROM US FAIR TRADE ORGANISATIONS - FOR BABY MILK ACTION'S ANALYSIS SEE:
http://boycottnestle.blogspot.com/2009/11/nestle-fairtrade-kitkat.html
CONTACT: Fair Trade Organizations
Tim Newman, tim.newman@ilrf.org, 202-347-4100 x113 or 617-823-9464
Todd Larsen, toddlarsen@GreenAmericaToday.org, 202-872-5310
Adrienne Fitch-Frankel, Adrienne@globalexchange.org, 415-255-7296
Paul Hong-Lange, paul@oasisusa.org, 626-584-0800
Organizations Question Nestlé's Commitment to Fair Trade Cocoa
WASHINGTON - December 7 - Nestlé SA announced today that it would begin to source Fair Trade Certified cocoa for its Kit Kat bars in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
Since stories about the use of child, forced and trafficked labor and the widespread poverty among farmers in West Africa's cocoa industry surfaced in 2001, organizations in the United States and around the world have been campaigning to convince major chocolate companies, especially Nestlé, to commit to sourcing Fair Trade Certified cocoa. A lawsuit filed in 2005 in US courts against Nestlé on behalf of Malian children who were trafficked to Cote d'Ivoire to harvest cocoa is still ongoing.
While Nestlé's announcement may be a very small step toward supporting a more sustainable and labor-friendly system of cocoa sourcing, the company's history and practices around the world raise questions about its commitment to Fair Trade. Additionally, Nestlé has not announced any plans to use Fair Trade Certified cocoa in its products in the United States.
Nestlé is one of the most boycotted companies in the world. Trade unions have criticized the company for a range of labor rights abuses including in Colombia, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, the Philippines and Tunisia. Nestlé has also been a target of campaigners concerned about its impact on access to water and baby food marketing, among many other issues.
Nestlé's minimal investment in Fair Trade Certified coffee also provides reason to be skeptical about its commitment. Nestlé's Fair Trade line is only a marginal part of its coffee products and it has not increased its purchasing of Fair Trade coffee despite its promises to do so. In October 2009, Nestlé launched a new program related to their global cocoa sourcing called "The Cocoa Plan" which does not include investing in Fair Trade cocoa, suggesting that the company does not intend to shift toward more equitable trading relationships through the Fair Trade system and it is unclear if Nestlé plans to expand Fair Trade cocoa beyond the UK.
Todd Larsen, Corporate Responsibility Programs Director at Green America, said, "We urge Nestlé to go beyond this token commitment to Fair Trade and to take steps to end all sourcing from child labor and pay a living wage to its workers worldwide. Consumers the world over are increasingly concerned that their chocolate purchases are supporting slavery and misery, and are increasingly purchasing Fair Trade chocolate as a result. They will be looking to Nestlé to do far more to support farmers worldwide."
Adrienne Fitch-Frankel, Fair Trade Campaign Director at Global Exchange, said, "While we thank Nestlé on behalf of the thousands of cocoa farming families who will begin to thrive by receiving the Fair Trade price for their cocoa, we also ask, 'How can Nestlé leave so many thousands of children languishing in child slavery and abusive labor conditions, and keep so many farming families mired in poverty while growing cocoa for the rest of Nestlé's products?' Nestlé's profits depend on the hard work of cocoa farmers, and justice will only be done when those farmers can live in dignity."
Paul Hong-Lange, Director of Oasis USA, said, "This step by Nestlé guarantees that no slave labor or exploitation will be used in the production of one line of chocolate in one region of the world. This is a good start but it still leaves the conscientious American wondering if Nestlé chocolate on the shelf in their grocery store is tainted with slave labor. We urge Nestlé to do better by more farmers and more consumers."
Over 60 organizations and chocolate companies have endorsed a "Commitment to Ethical Cocoa Sourcing" that sets a higher standard for sustainable and responsible cocoa sourcing than Nestlé. The commitment can be found online:http://www.laborrights.org/stop-child-labor/cocoa-campaign/resources/10656.
Global Exchange is a membership-based international human rights organization dedicated to promoting social, economic and environmental justice around the world.www.GlobalExchange.org
Green America is a non-profit organization whose mission is to harness economic power-the strength of consumers, investors, businesses, and the marketplace-to create a socially just and environmentally sustainable society. www.GreenAmericaToday.org
The International Labor Rights Forum is an advocacy organization dedicated to achieving just and humane treatment for workers worldwide. www.LaborRights.org
Oasis USA is a non-profit organization committed to developing communities where everyone is included, making a contribution, and reaching their God-given potential. Oasis USA is the West Coast Office for Stop the Traffik Campaign in the USA.www.OasisUSA.org.
Nestle KitKat to be Fairtrade - except for those where child slavery is involved
According to the Ekklesia news site, there will be an announcement on Monday 7 December that in the UK four-finger KitKats are to be Fairtrade certified. See "Campaigners give two finger salute to Nestlé":
Great news for the farmers in the scheme if properly independently audited, but raises questions about why Nestlé has not lived up to its promises to end child slavery in its cocoa supply chain more broadly.
As Ekklesia reports:
Stop the Traffik say the good news is only partial, as this will only apply to their 'four finger' product.
'Two finger' Kit Kats and all of their other chocolate products "will continue to exploit the chocolate slaves of the Ivory Coast from where Nestlé source most of their cocoa" they said in a statement.
For details of Nestlé's failure to live up to its 2001 promise to end child slavery in its supply chain and a reminder of Nestlé's token Fairtrade coffee and how it has used that to try to divert criticism of its coffee trading and to undermine the boycott over its baby milk marketing, see my earlier blog:
Here's the quote from the page with my full analysis - see that for links to supporting documents and images:
Mike Brady, Campaigns and Networking Coordinator at Baby Milk Action, said: "Nestlé is already using a Fairtrade mark on a token product representing just 0.02% of its coffee purchase to try to divert criticism of its trading practices, which have been blamed for driving down prices for millions of coffee farmers. While the coffee and cocoa farmers in Fairtrade schemes should benefit, if proper independent audits are done, that provides little comfort to the vast majority of suppliers outside the schemes. Legal action has been taken against Nestlé in the US over its failure to act on child slavery in its cocoa supply chain, despite public claims that it is doing so, and we have already seen it trying to divert this criticism by, for example, sponsoring an event on the abolition of slavery at the Labour Party Conference.
Posted by Mike Brady at 12:25 am 5 comments:
On corporate trolls and spies
I sure I am not giving anything away to corporations in writing this blog.
For reasons I won't go into, I've just come across this system for monitoring social networking sites called Spark from Spiral16.
If you are ever suspicious that comments on blogs, bulletin boards or networks are from corporate trolls (people posing as members of the public to push the company's agenda) then you could be right.
This handy film shows you how to track and interact.
A few year ago The Guardian ran an article by George Monbiot called: "The fake persuaders: Corporations are inventing people to rubbish their opponents on the internet."
http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2002/may/14/greenpolitics.digitalmedia
If you don't think corporations would be so sneaky, then take a look at Nestlé's spying operation. Attac Switzerland has just published a book about the spy that infiltrated the editorial board for a book being put together on Nestlé.
See: http://www.suisse.attac.org/Un-livre-sur-le-Nestlegate-en
The book is in French. You can find information in English on the spying scandal at:
Labels: International campaigns, Nestle boycott
Nestlé-Free Week 26 October - 1 November - now there are ribbons for Twitter avatars!
Nestlé-Free Week 26 October - 1 November: a week for boycotters to do more and for non-boycotters to do something.
Nestlé's PR Disaster on Twitter recently gave the week extra publicity, so why not add a ribbon to your Twitter avatar if you have an account. Click the button or see:
http://twibbon.com/cause/Nestl233-Free-Week
Monitoring around the world by the International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN) finds that Nestlé is the worst of the companies when it comes to breaking international standards for the marketing of baby foods adopted by the World Health Assembly.
According to UNICEF: "Marketing practices that undermine breastfeeding are potentially hazardous wherever they are pursued: in the developing world, WHO estimates that some 1.5 million children die each year because they are not adequately breastfed. These facts are not in dispute."
You can sign up to support the week on Facebook at:
http://www.facebook.com/event.php?eid=139785596483&index=1
If you know people who say they would boycott, but.... why not challenge them to boycott for this week? When they find there are alternatives to Nestlé products they may join the boycott permanently. The boycott is helping to hold Nestlé to account, forces some changes and helps to save lives. See:
The week has gained a big boost in the US following Nestlé's attempt to recruit top parenting bloggers to its cause by inviting them to an all-expenses-paid trip at a 5-star hotel in California, complete with celebrity chef. Some turned it down. Others went and raised questions posted on the Twitter channel Nestlé had set up for the bloggers to rave about its products. Soon the channel was dominated with people raising concerns about Nestlé's practices. Nestlé came on briefly to respond to these, but then left when people were not satisfied. It has since posted responses to written questions on the PhD in Parenting blog, but such is Nestlé's dishonesty - and the failings of its anti-boycott PR team - that these are being shown up for the deception they are, so fueling support for the boycott and Nestlé-Free Week. See:
http://www.phdinparenting.com/2009/10/25/nestle-free-week-october-26-to-november-1/
Do post information on other resources and ways to promote the week.
UK law review draft report is a whitewash that side steps the real issues so as to clear formula promotion
If you are in the UK, please check out the latest news about our baby formula marketing regulations. Baby Milk Action has launched a quick campaign to protect breastfeeding and babies fed on formula and we need you help!
http://www.babymilkaction.org/CEM/cemoct09.html
A government commissioned report on the effectiveness of the law has just been published as a draft. It is a whitewash. The Independent Review Panel did not examine how advertising and other promotion of formula undermines breastfeeding and misleads parents who use formula. Instead it only considered whether follow-on formula is being fed to babies under 6 months instead of infant formula by mistake.
On this basis it concludes there is basically no problem with the current law which allows companies to target mothers with promotional materials and inaccurate information, to offer gifts, advertise, make point-of-sale promotion, give inducements to health workers etc. etc.
The law should be protecting breastfeeding and protecting babies fed on formula. It is failing in this, as the evidence clearly shows - if the Panel would just consider it. This is contained in monitoring reports prepared by Baby Milk Action and in other submissions, including from Trading Standards, which has the task of enforcing the law.
You can send a message to the Minister for Public Health asking the government to send the report back to include these issues, or to otherwise reject it as a waste of public money. See:
Labels: Safer formula campaign, UK law campaign
IBFAN's 30th birthday and breastfeeding calendar
On 12 October I was fortunate to attend the 30th anniversary celebration of the International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN) in Geneva. Our press release about the event can be found here:
http://www.babymilkaction.org/press/press13oct09.html
In 1977 six civil society groups attended a WHO/UNICEF meeting on the marketing of breastmilk substitutes, where it was decided to draft the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes. Those six groups formed IBFAN, which today consists of more than 200 groups on over 100 countries.
Representatives of 24 groups from the European region stayed on for a training and planning meeting. I recorded interviews at our last meeting, which you can listen to by clicking here:
http://www.babymilkaction.org/ram/ibfaneurope06.html
When I have had found the time to put together a report from this meeting, I'll post it here.
Also launched at the event was the IBFAN Breastfeeding Calendar 2010. You can order this right now in our online Virtual Shop at:
http://www.babymilkaction.org/shop/calendarlatest.html
Does Nestlé formula really 'protect' babies?
The blog PhD in Parenting has another response from Nestlé following its Twitter PR Disaster.
This is regarding Nestlé's claim that its formula 'protects'. In truth infants fed on formula are at greater risk of short and long-term illness than breastfed children and, in conditions of poverty, more likely to die.
There is a good analysis of Nestlé's response on the PhD in Parenting blog, showing the 'protect' logo on the Malawi tin we have been highlighting (click on the image below for a larger version).
http://www.phdinparenting.com/2009/10/17/nestle-answers-dont-mind-the-small-print-about-breast-being-best/
I have added the following comment:
Baby Milk Action wrote to Nestlé about this label and also an end-of-aisle display found in a rural area in Malawi. Nestlé replied, simply that it respects the marketing requirements. You can see the other pictures here:
We have posted Nestlé's response to us on our website. Since receiving it, we have found that Nestlé has posted a different response on its website. We have also analysed that. Full details at:
http://www.babymilkaction.org/CEMresponses/CEMRjuly09.html
Two points to note. Firstly, Nestlé refused to translate the breast is best warning into Chichewa, the national language of Malawi, in the past, citing 'cost restraints'. It took a 3-year campaign from Baby Milk Action which put the issue on national television in the UK before Nestlé agreed to translate the warnings and instructions.
Secondly, this is what Nestlé states on its website about the 'protect' logos (follow the link above for links to supporting documents):
"Nestlé makes significant investments in R&D and technology to deliver innovative products with scientifically proven nutritional benefits. While our infant nutrition products meet the needs of non-breastfed babies during the first critical months of life, the functional benefits that are encapsulated in the 'Protect' logo are scientifically substantiated – the result of many years of intensive research on how best to improve the formula composition to stimulate the infant's immune system."
[****Baby Milk Action comment: Nestlé's justification for these logos is simply untrue. They promote the addition of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LCPUFAs) - DHA, ARA and one Nestlé refers to as Opti-pro to give the impression it aids eye development, a claim sometimes made about them. However, the respected Cochrane Library has investigated the impact of adding LCPUFAs to infant formula and concluded: "It has been suggested that low levels of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) found in formula milk may contribute to lower IQ levels and vision skills in term infants. Some milk formulas with added LCPUFA are commercially available. This review found that feeding term infants with milk formula enriched with LCPUFA had no proven benefit regarding vision, cognition or physical growth."****]
Here's the link to the Cochrane Library review:
http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab000376.html
Nestlé continues: "The logo helps distinguish this particular formula from other less advanced products but does not claim in any manner that infant formula is superior to breast milk."
[****Baby Milk Action comment: A comparison comment, with no scientific basis for it, would be misleading, but this is not a comparison comment. The logo simply says 'Protect Start' on the infant formula and 'Protect Plus' on the follow-on formula, an absolute claim that the formula will protect. This undermines the legally-required warning that breastmilk is best for babies. In the Philippines, Nestlé has used logos promoting 'brain building blocks' and claimed 'Experts recognize DHA as essential for brain development and good vision.'. UNICEF Philippines has produced a film examining the impact of such claims: they lead some parents to believe their children will be more intelligent and have better eyesight if fed on formula. You can watch the film by clicking here.****]
So Nestlé is defending its 'protect' logos – for now. With more people exposing Nestlé's bogus claims and sending messages to Nestlé the sooner we will succeed in persuading it to remove the logos. You can send a message via the Campaign for Ethical Marketing action sheet at:
Nestle's comments on baby milk marketing following its Twitter PR disaster
Following its PR disaster on Twitter, Nestlé has responded to questions posed on the PhD in Parenting blog. I have posted an analysis of Nestlé's response there. I've grouped everything together here so its easier to follow and added the links.
This is not everything that can be said to show Nestlé has been misleading or outright dishonest in its answers. Leave comments on any points where further details would be useful.
---Analysis of Nestlé response:
PhD in Parenting question 4. You say that you comply with the WHO International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes in all countries that have adopted the code. Canada is a signatory to the Code and the Canadian government actively encourages companies to comply with it. However, despite Canada being a signatory to the Code, you do not comply with the code in Canada. When you say "adopted" is it fair to assume then that you mean "legislated" and that you will not comply with a developed country's will unless it puts regulations in place to force you to?
Nestlé response to question 4. The WHO Code was adopted by the WHO Member States as a recommendation to governments, which are required to implement the Code as appropriate to their social end legislative framework. Nestlé universally follows all countries' implementation of the WHO Code.
In addition, Nestlé decided over two decades ago to voluntarily and unilaterally apply the WHO Code in all developing countries, whether or not they have implemented it in their own legislative framework. If the local legislation is stricter than the Code, we apply local legislation.
Baby Milk Action analysis on question 4. Read Article 11.3 of the Code: "Independently of any other measures taken for implementation of this Code, manufacturers and distributors of products within the scope of this Code should regard themselves as responsible for monitoring their marketing practices according to the principles and aim of this Code, and for taking steps to ensure that their conduct at every level conforms to them."
PhD in Parenting question 5. You mention that "The WHO Code will only truly succeed if governments enforce it and monitor its compliance". When a country is considering changing its legislation to include provisions contained in the WHO Code does Nestle lobby against those changes through formal or informal consultation processes?
Nestlé response to question 5. No, it is not in Nestlé's interest to have weak national codes in place; we apply the WHO Code and the Nestlé instructions if the national code is less strict than the WHO Code itself.
A strong national legislation, that includes monitoring procedures, provides clarity and an even playing field for all infant formula manufacturers. Therefore, Nestlé encourages governments to implement monitoring mechanisms. The Code itself also recommends this.
Baby Milk Action analysis on question 5. When the Philippines was defending stronger legislation in 2007, Nestle USA was part of a campaign against the UNICEF and WHO country heads for speaking up in favour of the regulations. In Zimbabwe, it tried to 'economically blackmail' the government by threatening to pull out if regulations went ahead. And so on.
PhD in Parenting question 6. You say that you do not market formula in developing countries. and you also say that you have unilaterally applied the WHO Code in all developing countries and regions. Please:
• Provide a list of developing countries where you sell infant formula (i.e. the countries where you do sell, but do not market your formula).
Nestlé response to question 6. This is the list of countries that we define as developing countries when it relates to the implementation of the WHO Code. All countries in Central Asia, and all countries or territories of Africa, Middle East, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean nations and the Pacific nations except Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong.
The categorisation of a country as developing or developed is subject to objective criteria, such as infant mortality rate, adult literacy rate, Gross National Income per capita, percentage of infants with low birth weight, percentage of population using improved water sources and percentage of population urbanised.
Baby Milk Action analysis on question 6. The Code was adopted under World Health Assembly Resolution 34.22. The second line states: "Recalling that breastfeeding is the only natural method of infant feeding and that it must be actively protected and promoted in all countries" and "All member states" are called on " to translate the International Codeinto national legislation, regulations or other suitable measures". In other words, it is not restricted to countries of Nestlé's choosing. Nestlé does not follow the Code even where it claims to. A survey published in 1997 by the Interagency Group on Breastfeeding Monitoring (IGBM) called Cracking the Code, produced independently of Baby Milk Action and the International Baby Food Action Network (IBFAN) found systematic violations by Nestlé and other companies. UNICEF said IBFAN's monitoring was 'vindicated'. IGBM continues to monitor. Member Save the Children said recently the results since its first report give no reason to change that opinion.
PhD in Parenting question 6b. Provide a definition of "marketing". Does your definition of "marketing" align with the definition in the International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes. Or is this description of the variances between the WHO Code and your implementation of it accurate? If this description is inaccurate, please explain how it is inaccurate.
Nestlé response to question 6b. Our definition of "marketing" is the same as the one given in the WHO Code (art. 3). By "marketing we mean: product promotion, distribution, selling, advertising, product public relations, and information services."
Baby Milk Action analysis on question 6b. Nestlé has clearly confused itself. According to the question Nestlé said it does "not market formula in developing countries". Is Nestlé really wanting to say it does not even sell formula in developing countries?
PhD in Parenting question 7. Does any Nestle formula packaging in any nation make claims that the formula offers protection or protects the baby against diarrhea or any other ailment?
Nestlé response to question 7. There is no question about breast milk being the best start a baby can have in life. But when mothers are not able to breastfeed, it is critically important that a safe, effective, high-quality alternative be made available.
Nestlé makes significant investments in R&D and technology to deliver innovative products with scientifically proven nutritional benefits. While our infant nutrition products meet the needs of non-breastfed babies during the first critical months of life, the functional benefits that are referred to on our products are scientifically substantiated – the result of many years of intensive research on how best to improve the formula composition. However, we never claim in any manner that infant formula is superior to breast milk. All our infant formula labels contain the following text: "Important notice: Breast milk is best for babies. Before you decide to use an infant formula, consult your doctor or clinic for advice."
Baby Milk Action analysis on question 7. In April 2009 Nestlé unveiled its new marketing strategy for infant formula and other breastmilk substitutes – logos on labels claiming it 'protects', which undermines required 'breast is best' messages. View an example from Malawi, one of the world's poorest countries with under-5 mortality of 140 per 1,000 live births. Not the place to be telling mothers that infant formula protects. Click on the image for a larger version.
YOU CAN SUPPORT OUR CAMPAIGN TO STOP THIS – WE HAVE A GOOD RECORD OF SUCCESS WHEN THESE ISSUES ARE TAKEN UP BY THE PUBLIC.
PhD in Parenting question 8. You maintain that "Nestle does not provide mothers in the developing world with free samples of your infant formula products – in fact Nestle has no contact at all with mothers with regards to these". Are samples provided to doctors? Is information about the "benefits" of your formula provided to doctors or other health professionals?
Nestlé response to question 8. Nestlé does not provide mothers in the developing world with free samples of products. Samples of formula may be provided to individual health workers for the exclusive purpose of professional evaluation and in very specific instances (e.g. introduction of a new formula product). In such cases, the health worker may only be given one or two cans of the product and one time only. When in contact with health workers, Nestlé staff emphasises the superiority of breast-feeding and gives objective information on scientific and factual matters pertaining to formula and its correct use.
Baby Milk Action analysis on question 8. As The Guardian's own investigation found in 2007 in an investigation in Bangladesh, Nestlé distributes pads for doctors to tear off and give to mothers promoting infant formula. This and other practices, including free samples etc. are given in the Breaking the Rules reports.
PhD in Parenting question 9. You indicate that you have regular audits on a worldwide basis of your marketing practices relating to infant formula. Do you have any public audit reports and/or statistics that you can share?
Nestlé response to question 9. Nestlé has implemented a thorough monitoring system to ensure compliance with the WHO Code. This includes an internal WHO Code Ombudsman System that allows Nestlé employees to alert the Company on potential non-compliance with the WHO Code, regular internal audits of the Company's subsidiaries' formula marketing practices as well as independent external audits in case of multiple, broad scale allegations about non-compliance with the WHO Code by Nestlé. The latest Independent Assurance Statements of Nestlé's subsidiaries' compliance with the Code can be found at: http://www.babymilk.nestle.com/News/Past+News/
Baby Milk Action analysis on question 9. Nestlé's 'independent audits' are conducted by Bureau Veritas, paid by Nestlé to audit against Nestle's own instructions, not the Code. It has embarrassed itself with some of the things it has missed. See the details here.
PhD in Parenting question 11. You indicate that "Nestle complementary foods are not marketed or presented as breast-milk substitutes" and that you support the May 2001 WHA Resolution that changed the recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding from 4-6 months to 6 months. Given your support in this regard does this mean that you do not market any food/drink products at all for the use by infants under 6 months of age in any country and that none of your labels for cereal or baby food indicates that it can be used starting at 4 months?
Nestlé response to question 11. Nestlé fully supports the May 2001 WHA Resolution 54.2 which changed the recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding from 4 – 6 month to 6 months, thereafter introducing complementary foods while recommending continued breast feeding for as long as possible. Thus we implement this resolution in the same way as we implement the WHO Code and we have completed label changes on complementary foods to follow the 6-months recommendation. In addition, in developing countries Nestlé applies the WHO Code not only to starter formula (0-6 months of age) but also to follow-on formula (6-12 months). It is the only major manufacturer to do so.
Baby Milk Action analysis on question 11. The World Health Assembly first addressed this 6 months issue in a Resolution in 1994. It took 9 years of campaigning to force Nestlé to change – which it announced during a week of demonstrations in the UK that gained international media coverage. A great victory for the boycott, though Nestlé foods labelled from 4 months have been reported since.
PhD in Parenting question 12. In discussions with the bloggers, your CEO mentioned that children died in the 1970s as a result of the misuse (wrong quantity, mixed with dirty water) of formula samples. Do you believe that deaths from the misuse of formula samples ended in the 1970s?
Nestlé response to question 12. The WHO Code was adopted in 1981 to contribute to the provision of safe and adequate nutrition for infants, by protecting and promoting breast-feeding, and by ensuring the proper use of breast-milk substitutes, when these are necessary.
Unfortunately, lack of clean water is still a reality in many developing countries. In these countries, mothers are advised not to use infant formula unless it is AFASS – acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe.
However, if a baby is not breastfed for whatever reason, he or she needs a breast-milk substitute, whether or not clean water is available. Until all people have a safe water supply, the only solution is to teach mothers the importance of boiling water and how to prepare infant formula correctly.
All of Nestlé's Infant Formula Labels contain the following text in the local language: "Warning: Unboiled water, unboiled bottles or incorrect dilution can make your baby ill. Only prepare one bottle at a time. Feed immediately. Do not keep unfinished bottle. Follow instructions exactly."
In addition, the WHO Code states that it is the responsibility of health workers to advise mothers on infant feeding – first and foremost by encouraging and protecting breastfeeding, secondly to inform the mother about appropriate alternatives (advantages and disadvantages) which include instructions on how to prepare infant formula in a correct way.
It must also be underlined that the vast majority of women in developing countries breastfeed, and at the same time give their baby additional traditional foods, or just plain water. However, many poor mothers who need to use a breast-milk substitute cannot afford infant formula and therefore have to feed their babies with a potentially harmful substitute plain (including cornstarch water or other traditional food mixtures). The challenge is to educate mothers about appropriate breast-milk substitutes and complementary food that can be given to babies as well as to find a way to make appropriate substitutes available to those babies who really need it.
Baby Milk Action analysis on question 12. See Nestlé's labels telling mother that formula 'protects'. Etc.
PhD in Parenting question 13. Why did your CEO tell bloggers at the Nestle Family event that the boycott ended in 1986? The boycott in fact ended in 1984, but was reinstated in 1988 because Nestle did not live up to the promises it made. The boycott is is still active today. Please explain why you would attempt to mislead the bloggers about the status of the boycott.
Nestlé response to question 13. In 1977, the first Nestlé boycott was lead by US-based INFACT and ended in 1984. At the end of 1988, an attempt was made to relaunch the Nestlé boycott but received little attention in the U.S.
Baby Milk Action analysis on question 13. Nestlé is one of the four most boycotted companies on the planet according to an independent survey.
Nestlé response on child slavery in its cocoa supply chain to #nestlefamily on Twitter
Nestlé has agreed to respond to questions following a grade A public relations (PR) disaster on Twitter.
Its response on child slavery in the cocoa industry is posted here:
http://www.phdinparenting.com/2009/10/03/follow-up-questions-for-nestle/#comment-19373
I have posted the following comment:
----Comment begins
Nestlé says: "That is why Nestle has actively participated in the chocolate industry's efforts to address the issue through steps outlined in the Harkin-Engel Protocol, and is a founding participant of the International Cocoa Initiative and a member of the World Cocoa Foundation."
Errr…. Nestlé has not lived up to its undertakings and has been taken to court over this. Nestlé was invited to a public meeting about the progress of the initiative on 18 September 2006 and refused to attend. But a few days later it was sponsoring an event on slavery in the UK!
It's not Baby Milk Action's issue (I work for Baby Milk Action) so I interviewed the Director of the International Labor Rights Fund to find out more. Listen at:
Nestlé wrote the book on 'Engineering of Consent'. There is a very good briefing paper on this, with the subtitle "Uncovering PR Strategies" from the Cornerhouse at:
http://www.thecornerhouse.org.uk/item.shtml?x=51961
----Comment ends
You can find out more about the concerns regarding child slavery and child labour from the International Labor Rights Fund. See the chocolate section of:
There is also a section in the report submitted by Nestlé Critics to the United Nations Global Compact Office, calling on Nestlé to be expelled for bringing this voluntary Corporate Social Responsibility initiative into disrepute. Nestlé uses it for PR purposes, while failing to respect its principles. Download the report at:
http://www.babymilkaction.org/shop/publications01.html#globalcompact
Posted by Mike Brady at 5:29 am 1 comment:
Please read before saying the boycott is pointless
In the Nestle Twitter PR disaster, some people have commented that they do not support the boycott because it has been running for over 30 years and, they suggest, hasn't achieved anything.
I posted the following as a comment on one such blog in response:
It really is necessary to click on the links. I am encouraging the bloggers and everyone else who attended this event to do some research if they intend to write about it. There is a wealth of material and I don't have the time to post it all in comments on various blogs and I don't want to overwhelm people with information here. People are also welcome to leave comments on my blog about the event:
There is a history page on our site. The Your Questions Answered may also prove useful:
http://www.babymilkaction.org/
This blog post may also prove useful, looking back on the 30th anniversary of the boycott launch:
http://boycottnestle.blogspot.com/2007/01/30th-anniversary-year.html
Also take a look at this report, which gives a good overview and examines what has happened in seven countries over the past decades:
http://www.babymilkaction.org/shop/publications01.html#checks
A few potted things the boycott and campaign has achieved: The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes (despite what Nestlé told you, it opposed the Code - scans of documents from the time are on our site), the Code's implementation in 70 countries to greater or lesser degrees, breastfeeding rates in countries taking action to stop malpractice increasing (Brazil from median duration 3 months in the 1980s to 10 months), Nestlé changing its policy on milk nurses and baby pictures on formula, stopping specific cases of malpractice such as Nestlé promoting formula in Botswana as preventing diarrhoea etc. etc. Take a look on the site.
Sometimes success is measured in terms of things not getting worse. For example, we have had to campaign several times to stop Brazil's exemplary legislation from being weakened. And 2 years ago helped to stop the regulations in the Philippines being struck down (I have written about this in more detail on my blog about the #nestlefamily event as Nestle USA, which organised it, was involved in attacking WHO and UNICEF in that case).
Nestlé is always bringing in new strategies. Health claims are a recent strategy. In the Philippines it labeled its formula as containing 'brain building blocks' and made demonstrably untrue claims about ingredients aiding 'brain and eye development' (you can see these on our site). The new regulations should stop this. Watch the UNICEF film from the Philippines to see the impact of such promotion and why these regulations are so necessary:
http://boycottnestle.blogspot.com/2007/05/watch-film-from-philippines-here.html
If you want to see how the campaign can force a change on an immediate issue, I would suggest writing to Nestlé over its strategy of telling mothers its formula 'protects' their babies.
If you can write a blog encouraging others to do the same, even better. You don't have to support the boycott to do so and if you think that your new contacts at Nestlé are listening to concerns that you put to it, then feel free to try asking directly - I did post this request on #nestlefamily so it could be raised while the CEO was there taking questions, but I have not heard that anyone took it up and Scott Remy did not reply when I addressed it to him. You are welcome to take up other issues, for example encouraging Nestlé to accept the four-point plan for saving infant lives and ultimately ending the boycott. Again, details on our site.
With a little pressure we will get those 'protect' logos removed from labels. I have written to Nestlé about them and its reply ignores the issue entirely, hence the campaign. When the public write in large numbers, it often does bring about a response.
Nestlé's claims may boost sales, but they are the height of irresponsibility. Nestlé knows that babies fed on formula are at greater risk of illness than breastfed children and in poor settings, more likely to die.
Industry survey suggests Fairtrade mark has been d...
What the UK's Trade and Development Minister said ...
US Fair Trade Organizations Question Nestlé's Comm...
Nestle KitKat to be Fairtrade - except for those w...
Nestlé-Free Week 26 October - 1 November - now the...
UK law review draft report is a whitewash that sid...
Nestle's comments on baby milk marketing following...
Nestlé response on child slavery in its cocoa supp...


text:
Consumer Science 17
Change Strategies 2
Consumer Economics 2
Consumer Education 2
Extension Education 2
Family Life Education 2
Mentors 2
Relevance (Education) 2
Student Research 2
Systems Approach 2
Well Being 2
Acculturation 1
Journal of Family and… 17
Ames, Barbara D. 1
Anderson, Melinda 1
Berry, Ann 1
Charlson, Julie 1
Collier, Billie J. 1
Collins, Nina 1
Duncan, Daniel 1
Duncan, Janine 1
Ellery, Jane 1
Ellery, Peter 1
Farrell, Patricia 1
Franck, Karen 1
Friesen, Carol 1
Garner, Sammie G. 1
Gentzler, Yvonne S. 1
Godfrey, Roxie V. 1
Goldsmith, Elizabeth B. 1
Hausafus, Cheryl O. 1
Heiden, Kathleen 1
Hurst, Jessica L. 1
Hutson, Samantha 1
Hymon-Parker, Shirley 1
Keino, Leah 1
Keino, Leah C. 1
Kruempel, Beverly J. 1
Consumer Science X
Models X
Paradigms and Normativity: What "Should" FCS Do in Light of 21st Century Change?
McGregor, Sue L.T. – Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 2019
This issue's theme is "shifting paradigms" in family and consumer sciences (FCS) professional practice. This can mean that things in the world are moving around and changing, people are moving from one way of seeing the world to another, or some combination. The question posed for this issue was "What is FCS doing and how is what…
Descriptors: Family Life Education, Consumer Education, Consumer Science, Educational Change
The Teaching and Research Partnership: Framework for Connecting Concepts to Practice While Mentoring Undergraduate Students in Research
Heiden, Kathleen – Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 2018
Research is beneficial for student learning in undergraduate curricula. Undergraduate students who actively participate in research develop problem solving skills and learn to think independently. However, with limited faculty resources at many universities, only elite undergraduate students participate in research programs. This paper provides a…
Descriptors: Partnerships in Education, Mentors, Undergraduate Students, Teaching Methods
Placemaking: An Engaged Approach to Community Well-Being
Ellery, Jane; Ellery, Peter; MacKenzie, Annah; Friesen, Carol – Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 2017
For more than a century, improving the quality of life for individuals, families, and communities has been the cornerstone of the work of family and consumer sciences (FCS) professionals. This began with our founder, Dr. Ellen Swallow Richards, and it continues today. As FCS professionals, we focus on helping people make wise, informed decisions…
Descriptors: Well Being, Consumer Science, Quality of Life, Educational Objectives
Strengthening Family and Consumer Sciences Extension Professionals through a Competency-Based Professional Development System
Franck, Karen; Penn, Allisen; Wise, Dena; Berry, Ann – Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 2017
Responding to reduced funding and organizational restructuring, many state Extension programs have reorganized counties into regional-based entities and limited family and consumer sciences (FCS) to specialized programs in areas such as foods and nutrition (Braverman, Franz, & Rennekamp, 2012; Franz & Cox, 2012; White & Teuteberg,…
Descriptors: Consumer Science, Extension Agents, Competency Based Education, Faculty Development
Creating the Future We Want: A Framework for Integrating Family and Consumer Sciences Research, Practice, and Policy on Technology Use
Walker, Susan K. – Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 2016
Without a doubt, the Digital Age is revolutionizing the field of family and consumer sciences (FCS). New methods and spaces for human interaction and learning, mobile platforms that encourage anytime, anywhere connections, and a global economy increasingly shaped by virtual transactions demand that our research investigates the impact on family…
Descriptors: Consumer Science, Social Science Research, Integrated Activities, Educational Practices
Digital Citizenship: Paving the Way for Family and Consumer Sciences
Godfrey, Roxie V. – Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 2016
With the progress of digital technologies and applications being used in schools, family and consumer sciences (FCS) educators have a collective responsibility to teach what it means to be a responsible digital citizen in the virtual world. The nine elements of digital citizenship developed by Ribble (2015) offer a framework for teaching students…
Descriptors: Consumer Science, Citizenship Education, Citizenship Responsibility, Media Literacy
Applying the Post-Modern Double ABC-X Model to Family Food Insecurity
Hutson, Samantha; Anderson, Melinda; Swafford, Melinda – Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 2015
This paper develops the argument that using the Double ABC-X model in family and consumer sciences (FCS) curricula is a way to educate nutrition and dietetics students regarding a family's perceptions of food insecurity. The Double ABC-X model incorporates ecological theory as a basis to explain family stress and the resulting adjustment and…
Descriptors: Models, Food, Consumer Science, Nutrition Instruction
Preparing FCS Professionals for a Multilingual Society: Building Community through the Experiences of Multilingual Families
Duncan, Janine; Duncan, Daniel – Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 2014
As demographics in the United States shift, family and consumer sciences (FCS) professionals must be prepared to foster healthy communities that embrace multilingual families. Because hegemonic language ideologies challenge multilingual families, FCS professionals need to know how to inclusively reframe communities to honor multilingual families.…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Family Literacy, Consumer Science, Sociolinguistics
Internships: The Key to Career Preparation, Professional Development, and Career Advancement
Hurst, Jessica L.; Thye, Ann; Wise, Chris Leiran – Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 2014
In today's competitive job market, students who lack real-world experience face major obstacles. Many professional positions require previous experience; therefore, relevant work experience is a key attribute that any entry-level family and consumer Sciences (FCS) professional can offer a potential employer. Internships provide one of the…
Descriptors: Internship Programs, Professional Development, Career Development, Career Planning
Developing Cultural Understanding: The Culture Triangle Paradigm in FCS
Sullivan, Deborah A.; Schmidt-Rinehart, Barbara C.; Morris, Nancy A. – Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 2011
Academic institutions as well as professional organizations are faced with providing their constituents with the knowledge and tools that will enable them to interact with people of other cultures--to be global citizens in both their personal and professional lives. The foreign language profession developed a paradigm that has been effectively…
Descriptors: Models, Consumer Science, Cultural Awareness, Intercultural Programs
Merchandising's Evolving Role in Family and Consumer Sciences
Sullivan, Pauline; Collier, Billie J.; Goldsmith, Elizabeth B. – Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 2011
Merchandising and consumer economics traditionally have been part of family and consumer sciences (FCS) within the ecosystems framework. The purpose of this article is to examine progress of this sub-system within FCS. Specifically, the authors explore the relevance of the systems approach for merchandising programs and conclude that this model is…
Descriptors: Consumer Science, Consumer Economics, Systems Approach, Merchandising
Internationalizing an Interior Design Course: A Model for Global FCS Curricula
Charlson, Julie; Vouchilas, Gus – Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 2010
Accreditation for Family and Consumer Sciences and for Interior Design programs includes standards to globalize education of undergraduate students. An integrative approach to planning curriculum relates the concept of global interdependence to the development of critical thinking skills for student decision-making. This was addressed in modifying…
Descriptors: Undergraduate Students, Interior Design, Consumer Science, Cultural Pluralism
Undergraduate Research in the Human Sciences: Three Models
Collins, Nina; Mitstifer, Dorothy I.; Nelson Goff, Briana S.; Hymon-Parker, Shirley – Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 2009
Undergraduate research in the sciences has been shown by numerous studies to enhance the educational experience. The Undergraduate Research Community (URC) founded in 2001 supports several initiatives that promote research in human sciences/family and consumer sciences including an online peer-reviewed journal specifically for undergraduate work,…
Descriptors: Student Research, Consumer Science, Educational Experience, Social Sciences
An Ethical Perspectives Model for FCS
Roubanis, Jody L.; Garner, Sammie G.; Purcell, Rosa S. – Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 2006
Purposeful moral deliberation is essential to the ethical practice of family and consumer sciences (FCS). This article proposes a model of ethical perspectives that is appropriate for educators, practitioners, and scholars of FCS. This model was conceptualized from the ethical decision-making framework suggested by Shapiro and Stefkovich (2005).…
Descriptors: Models, Consumer Science, Ethics, Decision Making
Development of a Unique, Culturally Focused Family Science Program in the UAE
Wooldridge, Deborah; Keino, Leah; Mayers, Gloysis – Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 2006
Empowering women and allowing them to provide community leadership in a rapidly changing and increasingly complex society is essential. Offering a sound family science curriculum is one way to facilitate empowerment of women in a developing country. Conceptualizing, planning, and developing strong programs became an opportunity to review existing…
Descriptors: Models, Females, Empowerment, Community Leaders

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Where Can I Find A Programmer
Your Best Partner in Programming
Why Use AngularJS for Your Web Application?
Why use AngularJs for your web application? Angular is a highly-specialized framework that helps you build dynamic web applications. It has features that cannot be found in any other popular framework. These features make AngularJs the most flexible framework that helps you get the most out of the available tools and makes your life easier.
What about the framework's features that can't be found in other popular frameworks? First, Angular offers deep object model implementation that provides support for objects that can have multiple names. You get the ability to define property values on each object instead of using special curly braces syntax. Property values also have type checks, so it's safe to create complex structures like arrays with typed keys.
Second, Angular makes promises and guarantees. For example, the promise Angular makes is that you will never be charged anything for uninstalling services or adding components. Angular promises that there will be no clutter. And finally, Angular promises that there won't be any additional security holes created by its features. These are promises that Angular makes with full confidence because it is based on sound principles of programming.
But that's not all. Developers love Angular because it has features that can be considered very useful. For example, there is support for a component loading mechanism that guarantees no JAX-RSP issues. This is a fairly new feature introduced in Angular. And this means, unlike older JAX-RSP frameworks (for example, JavaFX), users can avoid bugs brought about by improperly implemented features.
Another benefit to using Angular is the use of animations. There is a built-in Animation Editor in Angular. This editor is extremely helpful when working with complex animations. It allows you to drag elements and change their states in real-time. And, yes, there's also an audiovisual editor in Angular. This makes life easier especially for those who are involved in developing rich media-based applications.
Perhaps, the best reason why developers love Angular is its simplicity. Angular uses directives and functions that are well-designed so that developers can focus on other things – not on implementing them. For example, the component lifecycle method guarantees that your code doesn't change when changes occur in the system. What this basically means is that you are always writing one single code to create an Angular application as opposed to multiple small pieces of code that often lead to spaghetti-like code. Developers are able to write Angular applications that load and run on every browser without even realizing it.
AngularJs has a very well-designed IDE. When working on Angular, there are many editors available – Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, and Safari among others. The tooling is impressive as it includes high-quality error messages and navigation bars. If there's ever a need to open several files in a document, the Angular built-in page inspector lets developers do just that.
In addition, it doesn't have any external plug-ins and uses the popular MVC model so no additional programming knowledge is needed. With all these great advantages, many developers are wondering, "Why to use AngularJs?" It may be difficult for beginners to understand what the fuss is about. But once they get started, developers soon find out that Angular makes an excellent choice for developing dynamic web applications. It is by far the best choice.
Angular can be used for simple UIs or more complex client-side frameworks. Once developers get familiar with Angular, they can move on to other frameworks. This is the beauty of Angular. It can be applied to just about any existing project and the Angular development tools make it very easy to create a fully functional Internet application in only a matter of hours. Moreover, the framework is very flexible – even after developing a small application, developers can apply Angular's advanced features right away.
Angular is a good choice for creating animations. It provides high-speed and flawless transitions. It's extremely helpful when it comes to creating complex interactive elements such as drop-down menus. It's just a tool that allows developers to focus on the business logic that is critical to making their websites successful. By applying Angular, it's possible to build and ship quality applications and web services with zero technical knowledge.
AngularJs for development helps save time and effort when developing websites and apps. Developers can focus on the business logic that is critical to making their websites successful. Angular provides a friendly environment for both designers and developers. There is no need to spend months or years mastering one particular programming language – thanks to Angular.
Home Computer Info That You Can not Live Without Any Longer	Laravel – The Best Web Application Framework
Laravel – The Best Web Application Framework
Home Computer Info That You Can not Live Without Any Longer
Important Components for a Successful Web Design Startup
Importance of PHP Programming on your Website
What Programming Language Should I Learn First?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iH4JJuoHQHc
© Where Can I Find A Programmer 2021


I like to think it's the beginning of the end when a studio cogitates on merchandising.
If all else fails, make your own.
I'd go for the LAM paperweight, and a metal detector/wall scanner [something like this, though, perhaps not as sophisticated] designed to look like the DX1 multitool (although a look-alike digital multimeter would be okay, if not, then perhaps a scientific calculator).
Made this post long before.


At Dippy, we are committed to not just meeting the needs of our buyers and sellers, but exceeding their expectations. With the Dippy App, you can find out what is selling in your neighborhood and what has sold in the past. This market report can help you have all the information you need at your fingertips! All of this information can be accessed through your iPad or your IPhone via our app.
This is a free app, so it will only require a download to enjoy all the benefits offered!
At Dippy, the Santa Clarita real estate attorney never wants clients to be confused and she is committed to providing them with all of the resources they need. For that reason, she has provided them with this free app so that they have these resources at their disposal.
In addition, she will work hard for her clients to ensure that they have a full understanding of each and every step. She works closely with each individual to make sure they are comfortable with what is happening and aware of the process being undergone.
Dippy Chhina is not just an average real estate agent. She has a work ethic that is not easy to be compared with. At the age of 25, she had completed a Bachelors in Business Finance and a MSc in HR and Organizational Analysis. At the same time, she was operating numerous franchises for Papa John's Pizza Company. If you would like to learn more about the real estate team of Dippy Chinna, contact us at your earliest convenience!


text:
TrackForums.com > Track Forums > Modoc Speedway
View Full Version : Modoc Speedway
Modoc bought and reopening
Modoc 2013,....
Is modoc going to open?
Modoc schedule
Modoc will run American Racer Tires,...
Modoc Photos
Omg what a track!
Superlatemodels
Schedule.....Question
Modoc Track Photos 13May2013,....
Modoc practice sat may 18th
$2000. crate june 1st
June 1st Crate race
June 1 Crate Race Flier,.....
crate purse
Notice to Crate Late Model drivers,.....
Modoc Race Results 1Jun2013,....
Modoc - 1st Chuck Field Memorial Race,.....
CHUCK FIELD MEMORIAL PURSE crates
Tire Inspection Results from June 1,.........
Ultimate Super Late Models are coming to Modoc Raceway,.....
tires for stk.v8
Reminder for crate late model drivers,.......
Racing at Modoc Raceway tonight!,......
Modoc Rain-Out,......
Modoc Make-up Race from last week's rain-out,........
Thoughts and Prayers for the Cushman family,...
Chuck Field Memorial race postpined,.......
Jack Starrette Memorial Race July 27,.....
Healthful dwelling for a satisfied long term
Modoc Open Practice,.....
$700 Prize Money,....
Admission For July 27 Race,....
Crate Late Models will run on July 27,...
Additional Purse money for July 27 race,....
Jack Starrette Memorial Race Results July 27,......
July 27 Victory Lane Photos are Up,....
Chuck Field Memorail Race Re-scheduled,.....
News-Updates from Modoc Raceway,....
Update on July 27 Crate Late Model engine inspection,....
Notice modoc drivers,.......
August 17 Race at Modoc Rained out,.....
Chuck Field Memorial Crate Late Model,.....
Sept 13 Race moved to Sept 21,.....
CLARIFICATION: Sept 21 race at Modoc,......
Sept 21, 1:30 PM Still racing tonight at Modoc,.....
Sept 21, 3:40 PM Rained Out Will Race tomorrow,.....
Modoc - September 22 Race Results,.....
Modic will race on Octobe 5,.......
Great Clips Coupons
Race Results - October 5,....
Chuck Field Memorail race Admission Fees,....
$500 Award for CLM pole winner,......
Modoc - Chuck Field Memorial Race Results 19Oct,.......
"Modoc 100" at Modoc Raceway on March 6, 7, 8,.........
Racecar and Parts Auction,....
"Modoc 100" update,.....
Practice & Modoc 100?
007 selling out
Modoc Open Practice 2014,.......
Race car parts auction (CANCELLED)
Open Practice Today at Modoc Raceway!!!!!!!!
Modoc 100,......
Who is coming to the Modoc 100,..Let us know!
Southern Arbor Tree Care Adds to Modoc 100 purse,....
Bobby Drawdy @ Moody's Tire Service adds to Modoc 100 Purse,.....
The show (modoc 100) will go on,......
Modoc 100 update,....
Modoc 100 Thursday Practice cancelled,....
Modoc 100 March 7, 8 Schedule Change,.....
Accommodations for Modoc 100,.....
Modoc Friday Practice Cancelled, Racing tomorrow!,.....
Modoc 100 Results - 45 Crate Late Models Competed,....
Ultimate Super Late Models at Modoc Raceway,.....
Modoc Race Results 26Apr2014,......
Mr. Lee Paschal
Southern Outlaw Super Street Race May, 31,.......
Payout,....Southern Outlaw Race May 31,....
Running order ?
Modoc Raceway Results, May 31, 2014,......
RACING JUNE 21st?
Modoc Race Results June 21, 2014,.....
SLMs At Modoc on July 24,.....
Modoc Southern Nationsl SLM Results,....
Modoc Raceway Race Results 24Aug2014,......
ALS Challenge - Unique - Modoc Raceway, Modoc, SC,....
Modoc Raceway Results 27Sep2014,.....
Modoc Raceway Results 11Oct2014,...
Modoc Raceway Results 8Nov2014,....
Modoc Raceway 2015 Info,,........
Modoc 100 Race Re-Scheduled due to bad weather,......
"Modoc 100" March 28, 2015,.....
Jack Starrette Memorial Race Rained Out,......
Modoc Race Results May 9, 2015,.....
Southern Outlaw Super Street Race 23May2015,..Results,....
Modoc Ray Cook-Schaeffer's July 27 Results,...
Modoc Race Results 8Aug2015,....
Modoc Race Results 22Aug2015,....
Modoc Ultimate SLM Race Results September 12, 2015,.....


two days at a timeas the AlaronFX contract permits, and verdienen Sie Geld durch Devisenhandel as BCG told the customers would occur. The option that gives the holder the right to buy the underlying asset is called a call option and the one that gives the holder the right to sell is called a put option. If you have any questions concerning your potential registration and compliance obligations, we suggest you contact a regulatory professional like Turnkey Trading Partners (TTP) to assist you in understanding the cftcs new intentions concerning Rolling. A Rolling FX transaction occurs when a net open position in the spot market is not physically delivered but is rather rolled forward until it is offset. 37 We cant expect the uniform definition of rolling spot forex contract.
34 By my opinion currency crosses could be treated as: pure currency exchange; trading with standardized foreign currency contracts; trading with foreign currency futures with different date of maturity. You pay.000 euro to play with 1 mio EUR just in a second. 17 Such environment with no clear regulation gives a fertile floor for different ponzi schemes and also greedy operators of forex trading platforms. 18 CME group offers different currency contracts (either with psychical or cash delivery).
This market is an over-the-counter (OTC decentralized market without any trade reporting. In the case of trading with nonstandardized instruments we could talk only about legality of the trade and not of the trading system. 20 Rollover consists of two simultaneous sell contracts. Taking into account a big number of ponzi schemes and real economic benefits of such contracts, my opinion is that EU should prohibit rolling spot forex contracts. Of marketplace trading agreement states that Dukascopy shall be entitled to restrict access to, or to impose limits, suspend, stop or cancel trading on the swfx Marketplace Trading System (including, without limitation, discontinuing the Client's use of the API either generally or in respect. 1 The search of forex trading in google produces 35 million results. Of Client Agreement:.2 We shall not be responsible for any loss or damage caused, directly or indirectly, by any events, actions or omissions beyond our control including, without limitation, loss or damage resulting, directly or indirectly, from any delays or inaccuracies in the transmission. 35 16 Is FX trading platform a MTF? Treasury exemption for FX swaps and forwards, which was finalized in November 2012, exempts these products from mandatory clearing and exchange trading requirements. Different explanations on different web pages show, that the essence of the spot forex trade is unclear.
40 Recovery Factor Most traders are happy working with their low 20's Recovery Factor EAs until they use Forex Diamond. Educate para lograr Tu Libertad Financiera. And whether you want to test the waters..
Die Sicherheit massenhafter Bezahlvorgänge in der Onlinewelt kann nur dann gewährleistet werden, wenn die Blockchain-Technologie (oder eine vergleichbare anonyme Technologie) genutzt wird. Wenn Sie Bitcoin kaufen möchten, dann ist neben dem Bitcoin-CFD ein Zertifikat..
Interest Rate.50, minimum Amount, rs 10,000, tenure 18 months 8 days - 18 months 18 days. Axis Capital Limited provides investment banking services relating to equity capital markets, institutional stock broking besides M A..


Our proprietary beef Bone Broth recipe includes bones and organic vegetables - but not just ANY bones. Our bones are only sourced from our Lifetime Grazed 100%Grass Fed Beef cattle raised on family farms.
Beef broth water. 100% grass-fed beef bones, organic onion, organic carrots, organic celery, apple cider vinegar. (Apple cider vinegar reduced with water to 5% acidity).


There is abundant and well documented information concerning the Indonesian instigated violence in East Timor. Gangs of youth, unemployed, common criminals and drug addicts as well as Indonesian Muslim extremists are armed and given money by the authorities. Often, directly supported by soldiers, they launch murderous attacks against civilians in many parts of the country. Attacks have occurred in Turiskai, Same, Ainaro, Viqueque, Balibo, Atabae, Maubara, Liquica.
In spite of the fall of the dictator Suharto, and the positive pronouncements by President BJ Habibie, old habits die hard. A culture of lies, deceit, arrogance, violence and corruption, deeply ingrained in Indonesia, is also it's legacy in East Timor.
Even though the Republic is thoroughly bankrupt, the Indonesian authorities are continuing the same policies of arrogance and violence against the people of East Timor, causing more suffering among our people and wasting the scarce resources provided to them by the international community.
The World Bank, IMF, and the rich industrialized countries continue to waste tax payers money to fund a country literally ruled by criminals. There are other countries in Africa, Latin America and Asia more deserving of international assistance.
Serbian ethnic cleansing in Bosnia pales by comparison with the savagery of the Javanese in Catholic East Timor, Christian West Papua and Muslim Aceh.
The Indonesian military have been directly implicated in the religious and ethnic violence in recent past. Mob violence is planned by the military, sometimes directed at Christians and ethnic Chinese, and other times directed at Muslims as it happened in Ambon and Kupang. A pattern of army instigated religious and ethnic violence is emerging not only in East Timor but in many parts of Indonesia.
The Suharto clique is directly implicated in destabilizing the entire region with its ill gotten fortune. An international criminal court should be established to try Suharto. His fortune stashed away overseas should be immediately frozen. An international warrant should be issued against Suharto and his son-in-law Gen. Prabow.
The East Timorese resistance has exercised utmost restraint since the fall of the Suharto regime. But our patience is running out. We keep our options open as to our next course of action if the situation continues to deteriorate.
Time and again, the East Timorese resistance leadership has proposed an end to all armed activities in the territory. It has called for a permanent UN presence in the territory to monitor the situation. A UN peace keeping mission in the territory is now a matter of urgency.
I have proposed the creation of a safe heaven in East Timor where resistance fighters would assemble under international humanitarian protection. Indonesian troop presence should be scaled down and the remaining forces confined to designated areas.
All of the above has been rejected by the Indonesian side. Instead of reducing the number of troops in territory as it has been urged by the UN Secretary-General, US Administration, EU and Australia, the Indonesian authorities have increased the number of troops in the territory now numbering well over 20,000.
A militia of at least 1,000 criminals have been trained and armed to terrorize the civilian population. Many of the these criminals are not native East Timorese but rather are radical Indonesian Islamic youth members.
We reject as blatant hypocrisy the latest "proposal" by the Indonesian military commander in Dili that all armed groups should be disarmed - the East Timorese Resistance Armed Forces (FALINTIL) and the gang of criminals - while the Indonesian army would remain intact in East Timor.
The FALINTIL is as legitimate an army as those armies of national liberation that fought for independence in South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe to mention a few.
The Indonesian army is in the same role as the racist white South African army in Namibia or the racist army of the white minority regime in Rhodesia. It is preposterous to say the least that such a gang of criminals should pretend to be a neutral force between the FALINTIL and the armed gangs on Jakarta's payroll.
Jakarta has always underestimated the East Timorese capacity to resists. We are determined to resist with all means at our disposal and we will not refrain from looking into means to increase the costs to Indonesia.
I find it hard to swallow that a country so thoroughly mismanaged, bankrupt, sunk under the weight of corruption and all sorts of crimes, a country so dependent on international hand-outs to feed its millions of starving people, should aspire to the status of a colonial power.
Indonesia should leave by January 2000 as President Habibie desires. No tears will be shed by the East Timorese people. When they finally leave, they will leave behind a country thoroughly destroyed, a society profoundly traumatized by its 23 year savage colonization, a culture of violence, corruption and lies that were alien to the East Timorese traditional society prior to 1975.
Beginning in January 2000, the UN should take over the Administration of the territory for a period of up to five years. With Indonesia relinquishing its claims to the territory, the door is wide open for the UN to move in and help prepare the territory for statehood.
The small group of "pro-Indonesia" elements should not fear an independent East Timor. They will realize that in an independent East Timor they will be real citizens of a proud country. In Indonesia they have been and will always be lackeys. Their own honor and self-esteem will be restored.
Doomsday comments about how East Timor would descend into civil war if the Indonesian army were to suddenly leave is like suggesting that Jews would start killing each other if Hitler had not slaughtered them first. The same doomsday scenarios were predicted by most commentators in regard to South Africa in the months preceding the establishment of black majority rule. These patronizing and racist comments ignore the role of the Indonesian army in East Timor in the last 23 years and the on-going campaign directly orchestrated by Jakarta to destabilize the territory.
The Indonesian army is not the "stabilizing force" as some commentators write. It could have been, it could be and it still has a chance to redeem itself. But the reality is that far from being a element of stability and the glue of the country's unity, the Indonesian army is in fact the most dangerous and destabilizing force in the archipelago.
Another argument is that East Timor is not viable economically. Is Indonesia viable? Yes, it is, thanks to an IMF bail-out package of over US$40 billion. It is viable, thanks to a US$10 billion package offered by tiny Singapore. It was viable as the World Bank, ignoring massive corruption and fraud, poured into Suharto's coffers more than US$20 billion over the past 30 years. East Timor will not need this amount of "generosity".
Commentators refer to Indonesia's "billions" poured into East Timor. We invite the Jakarta government to launch an audit into how these so-called "billions" were actually spent. We also would like an international audit into the tens of millions of dollars looted from our people's wealth - our fine arabica coffee, sandal wood, marble, fisheries, that became monopolies owned by the Suharto family and the generals who invaded East Timor.
It would also be necessary to list the items carried away into ships anchored off the Dili harbor during the first days of the invasion in 1975. Refrigerators, cars, motorbikes, bed frames, mattresses and even doors and windows were carted away by the Indonesian soldiers sent into East Timor to "liberate" East Timor, Genghis Khan style. Trucks and cars were driven away into West Timor. The local Dili warehouse was emptied of millions of gallons of beer, wine, soft drinks, construction equipment.
The result of these audits would be most interesting indeed and would once and for all discredit Jakarta's claims and of its apologists that Jakarta poured "billions" into East Timor!
If any shame is left, if any sense of honor is there, if any sense of duty to the Republic is felt by the military hierarchy, there is chance for them to show it, leave East Timor now without causing more suffering to our people and shame to the Republic.


DV-alert is the only nationally accredited and nationally delivered free training program designed to help health and allied health workers better understand and identify domestic and family violence and improve their referral and support skills.
Lifeline Australia has been funded by the Commonwealth Government under the National Plan to expand the DV-alert training to a wider range of audiences to provide a more tailored approach that recognises the complexities of domestic and family violence.
DV-alert is also available via an accredited E-learning module, for those who are unable to attend the face to face training.


text:
Miers on Meyer
Law & Courts Federal File
By Andrew Trotter — October 25, 2005 1 min read
White House Counsel Harriet E. Miers has been on an uncomfortable path toward the Nov. 7 start of her confirmation hearings to replace retiring Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor.
Sen. Charles E. Schumer, D-N.Y., a member of the Senate Judiciary Committee, reportedly was dissatisfied after his 45-minute conversation with Ms. Miers on Oct. 17, in which she was reluctant or unable to discuss a historic education case, Meyer v. Nebraska.
Meyer, which the Supreme Court decided in 1923, is often cited as an important part of the foundation for the "personal liberty interest" the high court has found in the 14th Amendment's due-process clause, which in turn was central to the court's 1973 decision in Roe v. Wade upholding abortion rights.
Robert T. Meyer, a teacher at a parochial school, was found guilty of teaching a Bible story in German to a 10-year-old child, in violation of a World War I-era Nebraska law that mandated English-only instruction in public and private schools and allowed foreign-language instruction only after 8th grade.
In overturning the conviction, the Supreme Court ruled that "the statute as applied is arbitrary and without reasonable relation to any end within the competency of the state."
Liberty, the majority said in Meyer, "denotes not merely freedom from bodily restraint but also the right of the individual … to acquire knowledge."
The court's Roe decision cited Meyer as one of a line of cases supporting a constitutional right to privacy.
Sen. Schumer told reporters that he asked Ms. Miers about Meyer and other cases that were important to the right to privacy.
"On many, she wouldn't give answers. On many others, she deferred, saying, 'I need to sort of bone up on this a little more, I need to come to conclusions,' " the senator said, according to Newsday.
It is unclear whether Ms. Miers was unfamiliar with the 1923 case or whether she was simply wary of dropping any clues about how she might rule on an abortion case.
"I don't think you hold it against her, that she had little to say about Meyer," said Perry A. Zirkel, a professor of law and education at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pa. "Although it's a fairly historic education case, and [in] some sense a political case, it's not one of the top Supreme Court decisions."
He added, "I wouldn't hold it against a law professor who didn't know about [Meyer]."
Andrew Trotter
was an assistant editor for Education Week.
A version of this article appeared in the October 26, 2005 edition of Education Week
In this 2013 file photo, hydrocodone pills—an opioid—are seen at a Vermont pharmacy. School districts are arguing that the nation's opioid crisis has directly affected them through increased costs for special education and overdose-prevention efforts.
Toby Talbot/AP
Law & Courts Some Schools Will Get Money From Opioid Settlements—But It Won't Be Easy
Mark Lieberman, January 20, 2023
Wed., February 01, 2023, 2:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m. ET
Classroom Technology Webinar Academic Integrity in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
As AI writing tools rapidly evolve, learn how to set standards and expectations for your students on their use.
Content provided by Turnitin
Recruitment & Retention Live Online Discussion A Seat at the Table: Chronic Teacher Shortage: Where Do We Go From Here?
Join Peter DeWitt, Michael Fullan, and guests for expert insights into finding solutions for the teacher shortage.
Thu., February 02, 2023, 2:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m. ET
Reading & Literacy Webinar The Science of Reading: Tools to Build Reading Proficiency
The Science of Reading has taken education by storm. Learn how Dr. Miranda Blount transformed literacy instruction in her state.
Content provided by hand2mind
Search over ten thousand teaching jobs nationwide — elementary, middle, high school and more.
Principal Jobs
Find hundreds of jobs for principals, assistant principals, and other school leadership roles.
Over a thousand district-level jobs: superintendents, directors, more.
Support Staff Jobs
Search thousands of jobs, from paraprofessionals to counselors and more.
Create Your Own Job Search
Law & Courts Supreme Court Asks for Biden Administration's Views on Legal Status of Charter Schools
Stemming from a suit over a North Carolina school's dress code, the issue is whether "public" charter schools act with government authority.
Mark Walsh
iStock/Getty Images Plus
Law & Courts West Virginia Law Barring Transgender Girls From School Sports Upheld by Federal Judge
The decision is a turnabout for the judge, who cast doubt on the law in 2021 and issued an order allowing a transgender girl to compete.
Law & Courts A Teacher Argued His MAGA Hat Was Protected Speech. Here's What a Federal Appeals Court Said
Did a principal violate a teacher's rights when she told him not to bring his Donald Trump-inspired hat to a racial-sensitivity training?
Law & Courts School District Policy Basing Restroom Access on 'Biological Sex' Upheld by Appeals Court
The sharply divided appellate court rules against transgender student Drew Adams and possibly tees up a major fight in the Supreme Court.
Transgender student Drew Adams speaks with reporters outside a federal courthouse in Atlanta in 2019. The full U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit ruled against him on Dec. 30.
Ron Harris/AP
Load More ▼
Create a free account to save your favorite articles, follow important topics, sign up for email newsletters, and more.


Born To Hack.!!: How to enable or disable the windows firewall in windows 7?
How to enable or disable the windows firewall in windows 7?
A firewall is a software or hardware base solution to filter the incoming and outgoing traffic of your computer or network. All the entering or leaving traffic from your computer pass through the firewall, which inspect the all types of traffic and either allow or deny the traffic depending upon the firewall settings. Microsoft includes the built-in firewall feature in all latest windows operating systems like windows XP, Vista and now in windows 7.
First click on Start button and then click on Control Panel option.
Now in Control Panel click on "System and Security" link to go next.
On next page, you can see the firewall link "Windows Firewall", Click on this link to configure the firewall.
Now in left side panel, click on Change notification settings to customize the firewall settings.
By default windows firewall is on for both private and public network, here you can turn off the default firewall policies.
To allow the default or recommended settings either click on the Use recommended settings button on the right pane or click on the Restore default link on the left side panel.
Here click on the Restore default button and a restore defaults confirmation message will be opened, Click on Yes button.
But if you are a expert user then you can use the Advance Settings link on left side panel to configure the advance firewall settings for inbound and outbound traffic according to your need.
Click on the Inbound Rules link in the left side panel. You can see here a list of all Inbound Rules is displayed. On clicking an enabled rule, a list of actions is shown in the Actions Pane. Click on Disable Rule to disable the selected rule. You can also Cut, Copy and Delete the rule.
Same here Outbound Rules for outgoing traffic.