Archery Interchange UK ID my Border Reiver (year of make) from Serial number?
ID my Border Reiver (year of make) from Serial number?
Thread: ID my Border Reiver (year of make) from Serial number?
From this serial number, can you tell me the year of make and the specifications on the riser (High, medium, low)?
Thank You Berny. I'm trying to figure out the photo upload window and not having success. . . . still trying . . . .
Easiest way is to put them on a photosharing page or on something like Facebook then post a link here.
Thanks I'm still trying to figure out photos. I don't use facebook or that stuff. The upload window says maximum file size is 19.5 kB. That's about the size of my thumbnail - you can't even see the photo. I see some great pictures on this forum - how do they do it?
Is the year a bow was built coded in the serial number?
By pwiles1968 in forum Methodology, Tuning, Coaching etc.


text:
Debrecen ( ,  is Hungary's second-largest city, after Budapest, the regional centre of the Northern Great Plain region and the seat of Hajdú-Bihar County. A city with county rights, it was the largest Hungarian city in the 18th century and it is one of the Hungarian people's most important cultural centres. Debrecen was also the capital city of Hungary during the revolution in 1848–1849. During the revolution, the dethronement of the Habsburg dynasty was declared in the Reformed Great Church. The city also served as the capital of Hungary by the end of World War II in 1944–1945. It is home of the University of Debrecen.

Etymology
The city is first documented in 1235, as Debrezun. The name derives from the Turkic word , which means 'live' or 'move' and is also a male given name. Another theory says the name is of Slavic origin and means 'well-esteemed', from Slavic Dьbricinъ or from dobre zliem ("good land").

History

The settlement was established after the Hungarian conquest. Debrecen became more important after some of the small villages of the area (Boldogasszonyfalva, Szentlászlófalva) were deserted due to the Mongol invasion of Europe. It experienced rapid development after the middle of the 13th century.

In 1361, Louis I of Hungary granted the citizens of Debrecen the right to choose the town's judge and council. This provided some opportunities for self-government for the town. By the early 16th century, Debrecen was an important market town.

King Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, as part of a treaty with Serbian ruler Stefan Lazarević, gave him the opportunity to rule Debrecen in September 1411. A year after Lazarević's death in 1426, his role was taken over by his successor, Đurađ Branković. Between 1450 and 1507, it was a domain of the Hunyadi family.

During the Ottoman period, being close to the border and having no castle or city walls, Debrecen often found itself in difficult situations and the town was saved only by the diplomatic skills of its leaders. Sometimes the town was protected by the Ottoman Empire, sometimes by the Catholic European rulers or by Francis II Rákóczi, prince of Transylvania. Debrecen later embraced the Protestant Reformation quite early, earning the monikers "the Calvinist Rome" and "the Geneva of Hungary". At this period the inhabitants of the town were mainly Hungarian Calvinists. Debrecen came under Turkish control as a sanjak between 1558 and 1693 and orderly bounded to the eyalets of Budin (1541–1596), Eğri (1596–1660) and Varat (1660–1693) as "Debreçin".

In 1693, Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor elevated Debrecen to free royal town status. In 1715, the Roman Catholic Church returned to Debrecen, and the town gave them a place to build a church, so the Piarist monks could build the St. Ann's Cathedral. By this time the town was an important cultural, commercial and agricultural centre, and many future scholars and poets attended its Protestant College (a predecessor of today's University of Debrecen and also of Debrecen Reformed Theological University).

In 1849, Debrecen was the capital of Hungary for a short time when the Hungarian revolutionary government fled there from Pest-Buda (modern-day Budapest). In April 1849, the dethronization of Habsburgs (neglected after the fall of the revolution) and the independence of Hungary was proclaimed here by Lajos Kossuth at the Great (Calvinist) Church (Nagytemplom in Hungarian.) The last battle of the war of independence was also close to Debrecen. The Russians, allied to Habsburgs, defeated the Hungarian army close to the western part of the town.

After the war, Debrecen slowly began to prosper again. In 1857, the railway line between Budapest and Debrecen was completed, and Debrecen soon became a railway junction. New schools, hospitals, churches, factories, and mills were built, banks and insurance companies settled in the city. The appearance of the city began to change too: with new, taller buildings, parks and villas, it no longer resembled a provincial town and began to look like a modern city. In 1884, Debrecen became the first Hungarian city to have a steam tramway.

After World War I, Hungary lost a considerable portion of its eastern territory to Romania, and Debrecen once again became situated close to the border of the country. It was occupied by the Romanian army for a short time in 1919. Tourism provided a way for the city to begin to prosper again. Many buildings (among them an indoor swimming pool and Hungary's first stadium) were built in the central park, the Nagyerdő ("Big Forest"), providing recreational facilities. The building of the university was completed. Hortobágy, a large pasture owned by the city, became a tourist attraction.

During World War II, Debrecen was almost completely destroyed, 70% of the buildings suffered damage, 50% of them were completely destroyed. A major battle involving combined arms, including several hundred tanks (Battle of Debrecen), occurred near the city in October 1944. Debrecen was captured by Soviet troops of the 2nd Ukrainian Front on 20 October. After 1944, the reconstruction began and Debrecen became the capital of Hungary for a short time once again. The citizens began to rebuild their city, trying to restore its pre-war status, but the new, Communist government of Hungary had other plans. The institutions and estates of the city were taken into public ownership, private property was taken away. This forced change of the old system brought new losses to Debrecen; half of its area was annexed to nearby towns, and the city also lost its rights over Hortobágy. In 1952, two new villages – Ebes and Nagyhegyes – were formed from former parts of Debrecen, while in 1981, the nearby village Józsa was annexed to the city.

Demographics

Languages
According to the 2011 census, the total population of Debrecen were 211,320, of whom 209,782 people (99.3%) speak Hungarian. 49,909 (23.6%) also know English, 22,454 (10.6%) German, and 5,416 (2.6%) speak Russian.

Ethnic groups
According to the 2011 census, there were 177,435 (84.0%) Hungarians, 1,305 (0.6%) Romani, 554 (0.3%) Germans and 504 (0.2%) Romanians in Debrecen. 31,931 people (15.1% of the total population) did not declare their ethnicity. Excluding these people Hungarians made up 98.9% of the total population. In Hungary people can declare more than one ethnicity, so the sum of ethnicities is higher than the total population.

Religion
According to the 2011 census, there were 52,459 (24.8%) Hungarian Reformed (Calvinist), 23,413 (11.1%) Latin Catholic, 10,762 (5.1%) Greek Catholic, 899 (0.4%) Baptist, 885 (0.4%) Jehovah's Witnesses, and 812 (0.4%) Lutheran in Debrecen. 54,909 people (26.0%) were irreligious, 3,877 (1.8%) atheist, while 59,955 people (28.4%) did not declare their religion.

Reformed Church in Debrecen
From the 16th century, the Reformation took roots in the city; first Lutheranism, then Calvin's teachings become predominant. From 1551, the Calvinist government of the city banned the moving of Catholics in Debrecen. Catholic churches were taken over by the Calvinist church. In 1552, the Catholic faith vanished from the city until 1715 when they regained a church. Several Calvinist church leaders like Peter Melius Juhasz who translated the Genevan Psalms lived and worked here. In 1567, a synod was formed in the city when the Second Helvetic Confession was adopted. Famous Calvinist colleges and schools were formed. Nickname of Debrecen commonly used in Hungary is the Calvinist Rome or the Geneva of Hungary because of the great percentage of the Calvinist faith in the city as well as the Calvinist church has significant influence in the city and the region. Debrecen is also home to the Reformed Theological University of Debrecen (Debreceni Református Hittudományi Egyetem), founded in 1538 and was the only Calvinist theological institute in the country permitted to function during the communist rule.

The Hungarian Reformed Church has about 20 congregations in Debrecen, including the famous Reformed Great Church of Debrecen, which can easily accommodate about 5000 people (with 3000 seats).

Jewish community

Jews were first allowed to settle in Debrecen in 1814, with an initial population count of 118 men within 4 years.
Twenty years later, they were allowed to purchase land and homes. By 1919, they consisted 10% of the population (with over 10,000 community members listed) and owned almost half of the large properties in and around the town.

The Hungarian antisemitic laws of 1938 caused many businesses to close, and in 1939 many Jews were enslaved and sent to Ukraine, where many died in minefields.

In 1940, the Germans estimated that 12,000 Jews were left in the town. In 1941, Jews of Galician and Polish origin were expelled, reducing the number of Jews to 9142. In 1942, more Jews were drafted into the Hungarian forced labor groups and sent to Ukraine.

German forces entered the city on 20 March 1944, (Two and a half weeks before Passover) ordering a Judenrat (Jewish Council) headed by Rabbi Pal (Meir) Weisz, and a Jewish police squad was formed, headed by former army captain Bela Lusztbaum. On 30 March 1944, (a week before Passover) the Jews were ordered to wear the Yellow star of David. Jewish cars were confiscated and phone lines cut. During the Passover week, many Jewish dignitaries were taken to a nearby prison camp, eventually reaching the number of 300 prisoners. A week later all Jewish stores were closed, and a public book-burning of Jewish books was presided over by the antisemitic newspaper editor Mihaly Kalosvari Borska.

An order to erect a ghetto was issued on 28 April 1944, in the name of the town mayor Sandor Kolscey, who opposed the act, and was ousted by the Germans. Jews were forced to build the Ghetto walls, finishing it within less than a month on 15 May 1944.

On 7 June 1944, all movement in or out of the Ghetto was prohibited and a week later all Debrecen Jews were deported to the nearby Serly brickyards, and stripped of their belongings, joining Jews from other areas.

Ten families of prominent Jews, including those of Rabbi Weisz and orthodox chief Rabbi Strasser, along with the heads of the Zionist (non orthodox) movement joined the Kasztner train. (According to some sources, the Strasshoff camps were filled with Jews for negotiations in case the Germans could receive something for releasing these Jews, among them 6841 from Debrecen.) 298 of these Debrecen Jews were shot by the SS in Bavaria, after being told they would reach Theresienstadt.  Some young Debrecen Jews escaped the town, led by the high school principal Adoniyahu Billitzer and reached Budapest, joining resistance movements and partisans.

Most of the remaining Debrecen Jews were deported to Auschwitz, reaching there on 3 July 1944.
Debrecen was occupied by the Soviet Army on 20 October 1944. Some 4,000 Jews of Debrecen and its surroundings survived the war, creating a community of 4,640 in 1946 – the largest in the region. About 400 of those moved to Israel, and many others moved to the west by 1970, with 1,200 Jews left in the town, using two synagogues, one of them established before World War I.

Climate
Debrecen, typically for its Central European location, has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb).

Culture

Chiefly thanks to the reformation and the prestigious Calvinist College, founded in 1538, Debrecen has been the intellectual and cultural centre of the surrounding area since the 16th century. Over the centuries, the college was transformed into a university, and its intellectual life developed a sphere of influence between Eger and Oradea (Hu: Nagyvárad, now in Romania). In 1949–1950, several departments of the university were shut down, due to Communist takeover, with many students and teachers being expelled. The University of Debrecen, as it is now called, is still widely recognized work of architecture (mostly thanks to its main building). The university is the largest university in Hungary, has more than 100 departments and is a major research facility in Europe. The university is well known for the cactus research laboratory in the botanic gardens behind the main building.

In the second half of the 19th century, the Debrecen press attracted several notable figures to the city. Endre Ady, Gyula Krúdy, and Árpád Tóth all began their journalistic careers in Debrecen. Prominent literary figures from the city have included Magda Szabó, and . One of Hungary's best known poets, Mihály Csokonai Vitéz, was born and lived in the city. The city's theatre, built in 1865, was named in his honour in 1916, but can trace its roots back to the National Theatre Company founded in Debrecen in 1789, which at first gave performances in the carthouse of an inn. Celebrated actress Lujza Blaha is among those to have performed there.

Debrecen is home to Tankcsapda, one of Hungary's most successful rock bands. There is also a rock school in the city which offers training and mentoring to young musicians. Classic media in the city include the newspaper Napló, two TV channels, a range of local radio stations and several companies and associations producing media material.

Debrecen is the site of an important choral competition, the Béla Bartók International Choir Competition, and is a member city of the European Grand Prix for Choral Singing. Every August the city plays host to a flower festival.

Economy

The development of Debrecen is mainly financed by agricultural, health and educational enterprises. The city is the main center of shopping centers in Eastern Hungary. The Forum Debrecen is the largest shopping center in the region. Debrecen is one of the most developed cities in Hungary, the regional center of international companies such as National Instruments, IT Services Hungary, BT, Continental, BMW and Healthcare Manufacturers (Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. and Gedeon Richter Plc.).

Location

Debrecen is located on the Great Hungarian Plain,  east of Budapest. Situated nearby is the Hortobágy National Park.

Transport
The city used to be somewhat isolated from Budapest, Hungary's main transport hub. However, the completion of the M35 motorway means Budapest can now be reached in under two hours. Debrecen Airport (the second largest in Hungary) has recently undergone modernisation in order to be able to handle more international flights, although almost all flights to and from Hungary still use Budapest's Ferihegy Airport (now called Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport). Cities that can be reached from the Debrecen Airport include Brussels, Eindhoven, London, Malmö, Milan, Tel Aviv, Moscow and Paris. There have also been improvements to some parts of the railway between the capital and Debrecen as part of Hungary's mainly EU-funded National Development Plan for 2004 to 2006.

There are many railway stations in Debrecen, the most significant is the main station of Debrecen, in addition other smaller stations exist, these include Debrecen-Csapókert, Debrecen-Kondoros, Debrecen-Szabadságtelep and Tócóvölgy.

Debrecen's proximity to Ukraine, Slovakia and Romania enables it to develop as an important trade centre and transport hub for the wider international region.

Local transport in the city consists of buses, trolleybuses, and trams. There are 2 tram lines, 5 trolleybus lines, and 60 bus lines. It is provided by the DKV (Debreceni Közlekedési Vállalat, or Transport Company of Debrecen). Nearby towns and villages are linked to the city by Hajdú Volán bus services.

Sports

The city's most famous association football club is Debreceni VSC  which won the Nemzeti Bajnokság I seven times, the last one in 2014. Debreceni VSC also known at international level since they reached the 2009-10 UEFA Champions League group stage and the 2010-11 UEFA Europa League group stage. The club's newly built stadium was opened in 2014, where the club could celebrate their seventh title by winning the 2014-15 Nemzeti Bajnokság I. The stadium is also the occasional home of the Hungary national football team. The team hosted Denmark in 2014 and Lithuania in 2015.

The city had other association football clubs competing in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I. One of them was Bocskai FC who could also won the Magyar Kupa once in 1930. The other club from the city was Dózsa MaDISz TE who competed in the 1945-46 Nemzeti Bajnokság I.

The city has hosted several international sporting events in recent years, such as the second World Youth Championships in Athletics in July 2001 and the first IAAF World Road Running Championships in October 2006. The 2007 European SC Swimming Championships and World Artistic Gymnastics Championships of 2002 also took place in Debrecen. Most recently, the city hosted the 19th FAI World Hot Air Balloon Championship in October 2010. In 2012, Debrecen hosted the 31st LEN European Swimming Championships.

Association football
 Debreceni VSC (competing in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I)
 Bocskai FC (defunct)
 Dózsa MaDISz TE (defunct)
 Debreceni EAC

Main sights
 City Downtown
 Reformed Great Church (Nagytemplom)
 City Park (Nagyerdő) and spa
 Déri Museum (art collection including paintings of Mihály Munkácsy; also has a collection of Ancient Egyptian artifacts, and weapons from Europe, the Middle East and Far East)
 Flower Carnival of Debrecen held on 20 August every year
 "Hortobágy" mill
 Nagyerdei Stadion (the home football stadium of the association football club Debreceni VSC)
 Ravatalozó (cemetery)
 Csokonai theatre

Politics
The current mayor of Debrecen is Dr. László Papp (Fidesz-KDNP).

The local Municipal Assembly, elected at the 2019 local government elections, is made up of 33 members (1 Mayor, 23 Individual constituencies MEPs and 9 Compensation List MEPs) divided into this political parties and alliances:

List of mayors
List of City Mayors from 1990:

Notable people

Born in Debrecen
 Emma Adler (1858–1935), writer
 Lorenzo Alvary (1909–1996), operatic bass
 Ferenc Barnás (born 1959), novelist
 Zsolt Baumgartner (born 1981), first Hungarian Formula One driver
 Mihály Csokonai Vitéz (1773–1805), poet
 Sari Dienes (1898–1992), artist
 Mihály Fazekas (1766–1828), writer
 Mihály Flaskay (born 1982), breaststroke swimmer
 Nóra Görbe, (born 1956), actress, singer and pop icon
 Meshulam Gross (1863–1947), Hungarian-American entrepreneur
 Boglárka Kapás (born 1993), Swimmer, 2019 World Champion - 200 m butterfly, 2016 Olympic bronze Medalist - 800 m freestyle
 István Kardos (1891-1975), conductor and composer
 George Karpati (1934–2009), physician, neurologist, surgeon, teacher, author
 Rivka Keren (born 1946), Israeli writer
 Vivien Keszthelyi (born 2000), racing driver
 Miklós Kocsár (born 1933), composer
 Orsi Kocsis (born 1984), fashion, glamour and art nude model
 Imre Lakatos (1922–1974), philosopher of mathematics and of science
 Paul László (1900–1993), architect
 Gábor Máthé (born 1985), tennis Deaflympics champion
 Mihály Nagy (born 1937) high school teacher; research teacher; university doctor; mineralogist; meteorite researcher
 Judah Samet (born 1938), Hungarian-American businessman, speaker, and Holocaust survivor
 Magda Szabó (1917–2007), writer
 Borbala Biro (born 1957), biologist and agricultural scientist
 József Váradi (born 1965), CEO of Wizz Air
 Chaim Michael Dov Weissmandl (1903–1957), rabbi and Holocaust activist

Lived in Debrecen
 Endre Ady (1877–1919), poet
 Julia Bathory (1901–2000), glass artist
 Rudolf Charousek (1873–1812? 1873 until grade 4), World Champion chess master
 Géza Hofi (1936–2002), stand-up comedian
 Albert Kardos (1861-1945), literary scholar, linguist, pedagogue and publicist
 Andrew Karpati Kennedy, author and literary critic
 Sándor Petőfi (1823–1849), poet
 Alfréd Rényi (1921–1970), mathematician
 Éva Risztov (born 1985), Olympic champion swimmer
 Moshe Stern (1914–1997), Rabbi and authority on Jewish law
 Sándor Szalay (physicist) (1909–1987), physicist, founder of ATOMKI
 Árpád Tóth (1886–1928), poet

Died in Debrecen
 Pierre-Octave Ferroud (1900-1936), French composer

Twin towns – sister cities

Debrecen is twinned with:

  Brno, Czech Republic
  Cattolica, Italy
  Jyväskylä, Finland
  Klaipėda, Lithuania
  Limerick County, Ireland
  Lublin, Poland
  New Brunswick, United States
  Oradea, Romania
  Paderborn, Germany
  Patras, Greece
  Rishon LeZion, Israel
  Saint Petersburg, Russia
  Setúbal, Portugal
  Shumen, Bulgaria
  Syktyvkar, Russia
  Taitung City, Taiwan
  Toluca, Mexico
  Tongliao, China

See also

Debrecen cuisine
 Debrecener – a pork sausage

References

Bibliography

External links

  in Hungarian and English
 Debrecen Travel Guide
 Debrecen at funiq.hu

County seats in Hungary
Populated places in Hajdú-Bihar County
Cities with county rights of Hungary
Former capitals of Hungary
Cities in Hungary

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
M24 Chaffee: Test Drive at the End of Lend Lease
Starting in the second half of 1943, the approach to sending British and American Lend Lease armoured vehicles to the USSR changed. Instead of immediate large scale shipments, the Western Allies sent a few samples of new vehicles. If the tank or SPG was satisfactory for the Soviet side, full scale shipments followed.
The first vehicle to arrive on this trial basis was the Light Tank M5A1. By that point, production of light tanks in the USSR was wrapping up, so the American novelty never made it into service. Nevertheless, the USSR received another foreign light tank. This was the Light Tank M24, the best American light tank of WWII.
Not in a rush
In many ways, the arrival of the Light Tank M24 was triggered by American attempts to increase the firepower of a light tank. It was clear that the 37 mm gun was insufficient in 1942. Trials of the M3 75 mm gun in the turret of the HMC M8 showed that the light tank platform was suitable for firing a gun of this caliber. However, the turret of the Light Tank M5 was too small for such a gun.
Because of this, the Ordnance Committee composed requirements for a new tank in March of 1943: the Light Tank T24. It carried the T13E1 gun, a lightened aircraft version of the M3, installed on B-25G/H bombers. Cadillac acted as the subcontractor in charge of development.
The tried and tested Cadillac Series 42 engines from the Light Tank M5A1 were used as the powerplant. This also improved parts compatibility with earlier models. Another logical solution was to reuse the concepts designed for the Gun Motor Carriage T70, designed by another division of General Motors: Buick. This was especially true of the torsion bar suspension.
American Light Tank M24, Kubinka, NIBT proving grounds, April 1945.
The first sample of the Light Tank M24 arrived at the Aberdeen Proving Grounds on October 15th, 1943. Interestingly enough, Soviet specialists saw the prototype before the American testers. In the late summer of 1943, a group of Soviet specialists visited the proving grounds of the General Motors company in Milford, Michigan. It just so happened that they piqued the interest of Major Berg. The reason was simple: the officer was responsible for the development of the GMC T70's suspension, and wanted to receive as much information as possible about torsion bar suspensions of Soviet tanks. As it turned out, the Soviet side received a lot more information. They did not see the GMC T70 in detail, but their unexpected visit to Detroit revealed a large number of experimental vehicles. Among them was the "T-24 light tank".
Since the tank was only seen from afar, the data on it was inexact. According to engineer Sorvin's report, dated 1944, the tank was designed on the chassis of the "T-70 self propelled gun". The gun caliber was estimated as 37-57 mm. The armour thickness was estimated at 38 mm, same as other American light tanks.
The tank differed noticeably from its predecessors, both in hull shape and suspension.
Reliable information about this tank began to arrive significantly later, in the summer of 1944. Precise information was received in August, not just about the tank, but about the rate of production. Our specialists also knew the exact date of standardization under the name Light Tank M24: July 25th, 1944. On August 22nd, the GBTU received a precise report on the new tank, which included a technical description spanning 17 pages.
Soviet specialists were also invited to the Tank-automotive Center in Detroit (modern day Tank-automotive and Armaments Command, or TACOM). From September 11th to 15th, Guards Major B. Afonin and Engineer-Captain G. Bogolubov studied transmissions of American tanks. Among others, that included the Hydra-Matic 255-T, used on the Light Tank M24. One important feature of the 255-T was that it had no planetary reverse gear. Instead, a geared reductor was used.
Conclusions regarding the gearboxes for light tanks were against their use in domestic tanks due to both difficulty in production, and the forced nature of their appearance. Soviet specialists considered the fact that these gearboxes worked well in the hands of poorly trained drivers a definite plus.
The three-man turret was another difference. The first time American engineers made a three-man light tank turret was for the Light (later Medium) Tank M7.
Afonin judged the M24 highly when composing his report. According to his conclusions, the M24 was the best armed light tank at the time. The overall layout was also good, as it allowed for a compact and highly maneuverable vehicle. However, the armour was poor. Another significant drawback was the need to provide the tank with highly trained service personnel.
In his conclusions, Afonin proposed that samples of the American tank should be purchased. However, there was no hurry to do so. The USSR had not produced light tanks for a year at that point. Renewal of light tank shipments was not planned, so the purchase of the M24 was postponed.
Progress in the light weight class
The issue of buying M24 tanks was raised in early 1945. By that point, the tanks were actively used in Western Europe, and were no secret. Five tanks (the number of Light Tanks M5A1 ordered) already seemed too much, so the number of tanks purchased was reduced to two.
On March 11th, 1945, convoy JW 65, composed of 26 transports, left for Murmansk. Out of those 26, one transport, SS Horace Bushnell, was seriously damaged by the U-995 submarine, and another, Thomas Donaldson, was sunk by U-968. This happened close to Murmansk. On the next day, the convoy arrived at its destination, bringing the two M24 light tanks along with its other cargo. On March 25th, they were loaded onto a railroad and sent to Kubinka.
The large hatch for removal of the gearbox in the upper front plate was a distinguishing feature of the new American tank.
The tanks arrived at the NIBT Proving Grounds closer to April 10th. Out of the two, the tank with registration number U.S.A. 30120376 was chosen to undergo the full trials program. In addition, the new tank was thoroughly studied from April 15th to April 20th. Overall, the opinion of the examiners was largely the same as the conclusions made by Afonin in August of 1944. According to the verdict, the M24 was a composition of the best ideas taken from General Motors' vehicles: the Light Tank M5A1 and GMC M18 (T70).
The engine compartment became lower, thanks to its rearrangement.
Like with the GCM T70, the attached technical manuals made studying the tank much easier. However, a serious mistake was made in judging the tank due to this documentation. According to the manual, the output of the Cadillac Series 44T24 engine was 110 hp. This is true, but with a small clarification: this was the nominal power. The maximum power was 148 hp, meaning that the real maximum power of the pair of engines was 296 hp. The same mistake was made here as with the Light Tank M5A1, which was equipped with the same engines.
The Browning M2HB AA machinegun can be seen on this photograph.
Unlike the M5A1, the M24 joined the output of the two engines using a demultiplier in the engine compartment, reducing the number of driveshafts to one. In addition, it was now possible to disable one of the engines. Another novelty was the addition of a neutral pedal, and dual driver controls. The first time this solution was implemented by American engineers was on the Medium Tank T20. Now, the assistant driver finally earned his title.
Cutaway of the tank. The overall layout is the same as that of its predecessors, but with many changes.
The differential was the same as the one used on the GMC T70. Its connection with the final drives was made with knuckle joints. This made the design and installation of the differential simpler. The installation was done through the large hatch in the upper front plate,
Light Tank M24 transmission diagram.
The suspension of the American tank was close to that of the GMC T70, which is not surprising. However, there were enough differences. For starters, instead of horizontal bidirectional shock absorbers used on the GMC T70, the Light Tank M24 used slanted telescoping shock absorbers. Another difference noticed (and sketched) by Afonin was the design of the idler carrier. It was connected to the balancer of the rear road wheel. This way, the tracks were always taut.
As for the track links, they were very similar to those used on the SPG. The size of the connector pins and pin stopper were changed. The latter change was deemed unfortunate, as the pins and pin channels bent during usage, and removing the tracks became a complicated task.
Diagram of the idler carrier made by Soviet specialists in 1944.
The observation devices were also lauded. For starters, the commander had a cupola with six observation devices, which provided good visibility. There was also a periscope in the hatch. The gunner, driver, and his assistant also had observation devices with 60 degrees of horizontal and 50 degrees of vertical view range.
The sights were also good, but the markings were only made for the M61 armour piercing shell. A lack of an HE shell scale was a clear drawback. In addition for a direct fire sight, an angle measurement device for indirect fire was added.
Visibility diagram of the American Light Tank M24.
The crew stations were also highly rated. The loader's position drew the most criticism, as he had no observation device, and his seat was uncomfortable. However, the fact that the tank could be crewed by four men must be kept in mind, in which case the loader's duties were performed by the assistant driver. Overall, the tank was rather comfortable, especially considering its small size.
The M24 was not only comfortable to sit in, but easy to drive, with 9-12 kg of effort required to move its levers. The aiming flywheels were also easy to turn, requiring only 1.5 kg of effort. The addition of a hydraulic turret traverse was also a plus. Without it, it took 95 seconds to fully rotate the turret, and 15 seconds with it.
The M24 could climb a grade of up to 30 degrees.
Mobility trials of the American light tank took place between April 21st and May 24th, 1945. The tank drove for 859 km, 145 of which were on a paved highway. The Light Tank M5A1 and SU-76M SPG were compared with the M24. The incorrect information about the engine power introduced confusion. With it, it seemed that the SU-76M had a higher power to weight ratio at 12.38 hp/ton. The power to weight ratio of the M5A1 was deemed to be 15.7 hp/ton, and the M24's to be 12.2. In reality, the power to weight ratio of the M5A1 was 19.5 hp/ton and the M24's was 16.08.
The top speed of the M24 was lower than that of its predecessor, 55 kph. However, the SU-76M's was even lower: 41 kph. Soviet specialists explained the difference in top speed with the different gear ratios, missing the fact that the M24 had more than two times the engine power of the GAZ-203. The average speed on a highway was also high, 30.05 kph, with a fuel consumption of 203 L per 100 k, or 1.5 times more than the M5A1 (135 L). Driving on a highway was performed in 4th gear.
The tank during a descent.
On a dirt road, the tank's average speed was only 17.45 kph. This was caused by a thick layer of mud covering the road. The tank could mostly drive only in 3rd gear, using 300 L of fuel per 100 km. In the same conditions, the SU-76M used up 215 L per 100 km and had an average speed of 16.2 kph. To be fair, recall that the M24 was 1.5 as heavy as the Soviet SPG, which explains the higher fuel consumption. Another reason for higher fuel consumption was the mechanically switched demultiplexer. To compare, the 15 ton Light Tank M5A1 spent 197 L per 100 km, but it drove on a dry road.
Another factor that influenced fuel consumption was engine problems. The liner on the left engine was slowly being burned through due to loosening of the cylinder head hold-down stud. In addition, the fuel filter was dirty, and the control rods of the demultiplexer were miscalibrated. There were also issues with the suspension. On the 396th kilometer, the rubber rim of a road wheel on the right side peeled off. Overall, a week was spent repairing various breakdowns.
Driving on a tilt.
Obstacle trials showed that the maximum climbable grade on a hill without topsoil was 30 degrees. The slipping hydraulic clutch did not allow the tank to take a steeper hill even in first gear. The maximum tilt was 32 degrees, after which the tank started to slip. Trials showed that the minimum turning radius was 5-5.35 meters.
Acceleration trials were very interesting. The mobility of the M24 and GMC T70 was compared. It turned out the the light tank could accelerate to 16 kph in 23 meters, and to 32 kph in 80 meters. With a significantly more powerful engine, the distance needed for the T70 was 180 and 360 meters respectively.
One of the discovered defects was the peeling off of a road wheel rim.
Trials showed that the tank was stable while firing. This meant that its precision was also high. The aimed rate of fire was 9-10 RPM, which dropped to 7.2-7.7 RPM when using the ammunition underneath the commander's seat. While firing on the move, the tank could hit 30-40% of its targets while driving at 11-13 kph, and 10-20% at 24-26 kph. When the stabilizer was enabled, this number increased to 70-80%.
As for the 75 mm M5 gun, the recoil brake was the most interesting thing in it. However, the penetration was deemed insufficient. The M61 shell could penetrate the side of a Tiger Ausf. E tank at 500 meters, and the side of a Panther tank at 1500 meters. Measurement of gas concentration inside the fighting compartment led to interesting conclusions. It turned out that the fan didn't help with gases, but the opposite, kept them inside the tank due to the gusts it created. The best method of ventilation turned out the be the tank's engine.
Undervalued tank
The final verdict regarding the new American tank was unexpected. The NIBT Proving Grounds staff deemed the Light Tank M24 as not meeting modern requirements. This was mostly due to the firepower and thin armour (only 25-38 mm). This conclusions is debatable, to say the least. However, it can be explained by a very interesting opinion of the Soviet military regarding what a light tank should look like. Its enough to say that the military demanded a light tank with 90 mm of front armour and an 85 mm cannon in March of 1944. The resulting light tank with heavy armour was a fearsome sight by the summer of 1945, especially its armour. The idea that a light tank is meant for slightly different tasks than a heavy or medium one was not clear until the late 1940s.
As for the "not meeting requirements" M24, its career continued for several decades. The tank was used by over twenty nations and actively participated in Cold War conflicts.
Despite such a negative verdict, the M24 did influence Soviet tank development, or rather the SPAAG on its chassis did. In late January of 1945, the GBTU learned of the 40 mm GMC M19. This vehicle was designed in 1943-44 on the converted M24 chassis. The distinctive feature of this SPAAG was the pair of 40 mm Bofors autocannons. Thanks to this pair, the density of fire increased.
Preparations for launching the Soviet ZSU-37 into production were underway, and someone had the bright idea to change it to be the same as the M19. The ZSU-37 had a long and unfortunate fate: factory #40 barely produced 75 of them in 1945-46. The idea of modernizing it to be similar to the American SPAAG was buried. Nevertheless, the M19 seriously influenced development of domestic SPAAGs.
Walkaround of the M24 in Kubinka.
Labels: 1945, Chaffee, Foreign Exchange, mobility, penetration, reliability
KV-1 Transmission Upgrade
M4A2(76)W: Emcha With a Long Hand
M4A2(76)W Shipment
Dinger Tank
Lend Lease Truck Requirements
Tanker Rations
New Heavy Tanks, 1943
SG-122: Assault Gun on a Foreign Chassis
Superheavy Trophy
Br-19 152 mm Gun
Cromwell Armour
T-34 with U-11
Experimental Guns, 1941
Small, But Fierce
Pz.Kpfw.I Ausf. F: Pocket Tiger
Wonder Weapons
T-37 Modernization
T-37 and T-38 Applique Armour
Experimental Tank Guns in 1940, part 2
Pz.Kpfw.I Ausf. C: Kniepkamp's Latecomer
Pz.Kpfw.I Ausf. B: All Grown Up
The Other M-30
KV Tank Markings
Truck Amphibian
New Gun for the T-34
Howitzer KV
Big Gun for a Small Turret

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: modifying an enlargement image from thumbnail script to dynamically display image based on their size property I'm trying to modify this simple js script that enlarges the image from thumbnail whenever it is clicked. The problem is , the enlarged image is displayed according to an define fixed width. I want  the enlarged image displayed according to it's size property.For example of an image size is 200 width and 300 height , I want that image to be display according to that size instead of an fixed 300 height and width.
I'm been trying solutions such as removing the width but instead the image is enlarged to the full screen size.
How can I modify this script so the enlarged image is displayed according to it's original size property.
The script belongs to roXon and I give full credit to him
How to enlarge image from thumbnail in jQuery?
This is the jquery http://jsbin.com/egevij/3/edit
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/forms.css">

<meta charset=utf-8 />
<title>Demo by roXon</title>

jQuery:
   // POPUP WINDOW:
   var scrT = $(window).scrollTop();
   $(window).scroll(function(){
      scrT = $(window).scrollTop();
   });

   // GET and use WINDOW HEIGHT //
    $.getDocHeight = function(){
        var D = document;
        return Math.max(Math.max(D.body.scrollHeight, D.documentElement.scrollHeight), Math.max(D.body.offsetHeight, D.documentElement.offsetHeight), Math.max(D.body.clientHeight, D.documentElement.clientHeight));
    };

    // POPUP WINDOW (lightbox for video and other)
    // GET WINDOW SCROLLtop OFFSET
$('[data-full]').on('click', function(e){

    e.preventDefault();

    $('#jQ_popup').css({
        top: scrT+15
    }).find('img').remove();
    $('#jQ_popup_window').height($.getDocHeight).fadeTo(0,0).css({
        marginLeft:0
    }).fadeTo(600,1);

    var imgToLoad = $(this).data('full');
  $('', {src:imgToLoad, width:'100%'}).appendTo('#jQ_popup');

});
// close popup
$('#jQ_popup_close, #jQ_popup_window').on('click', function(){
    $('#jQ_popup_window').fadeTo(600,0,function(){
        $(this).hide();
    });
});
$('#jQ_popup').on('click', function(ev){
    ev.stopPropagation();
});
// end POPUP WINDOW

CSS:
/* === POPUP WINDOW === */
#jQ_popup_window{
    background: rgba(0,0,0,0.6);
    left: 0;
    margin-left: -9000px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    width: 100%;
    z-index:999999;
}
#jQ_popup {
    background: #000;
    border: 1px solid #BDB9B8;
    margin: 30px auto;
    padding: 25px;
    position: relative;
    width: 600px; /* SET HERE DESIRED W .*/
}
#jQ_popup_close {
    background:#fff;
    cursor: pointer;
    height: 28px;
    width: 28px;
    position: absolute;
    z-index:999999;
    right: 10px;
    top: 10px;
    -webkit-border-radius:30px;
            border-radius:30px;
    border:2px solid #fff;
    border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.2);
}
#jQ_popup_close:hover{
    background:#f00;
}
/* #POPUP WINDOW */

A: Something like this should probably work

$('', {src:imgToLoad, width: $(this).data('width'),height: $(this).data('height')}).appendTo('#jQ_popup');

or this one takes the size from the path /860x590/
var dimensions=$(this).data('full').match(/(\d+)x(\d+)/);
$('', {src:imgToLoad, width: dimensions[1]+'px',height: dimensions[2]+'px'}).appendTo('#jQ_popup');

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Rise of the variants: What you need to know about the Delta variant in SA
Aisha Abdool Karim
A medical worker in personal protective equipment (PPE) seals a swab sample inside a South Africa Health Department mobile coronavirus testing unit at O.R Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg, South Africa. (Guillem Sartorio/Bloomberg via Getty Images)
South Africa has now increased its lockdown restrictions in an attempt to curb the spread of a new Covid-19 variant, which has now been detected in five provinces, and could begin to dominate the country's epidemic.
On Sunday night, President Cyril Ramaphosa raised the country's alert level to adjusted level four. The new restrictions prohibit all gatherings, ban the sale of alcohol, limit travel in and out of Gauteng and require schools to close down. The country will remain at this lockdown level for the next two weeks, at which point the measures will be reassessed.
This follows an announcement by the acting health minister, Mmamoloko Kubayi-Ngubane, on Saturday that the Delta variant (which was first identified in India) has begun to spread rapidly in South Africa and was beginning to dominate new infections arising in the county's third wave, particularly in KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng. The variant has also been detected in the Western Cape, the Eastern Cape and the Free State.
The Delta variant — which was initially detected in South Africa in May — is, so far, the most transmissible form of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (the virus that causes Covid-19) in the world, meaning it is able to spread much more efficiently from person to person than other variants.
Here's what you need to know about the variant.
What is a variant?
Over time viruses undergo small changes in their structure, known as mutations. These are largely insignificant and mostly don't alter the behaviour of the bug. But occasionally, mutations can affect the way a virus interacts with our bodies and, in turn, change the trajectory of an outbreak.
Scientists use a technique called genomic surveillance to analyse the mutations and understand what they mean for the virus's behaviour. In South Africa, there is a network of scientists who have been doing just this since March last year. They unravel the genetic code of the versions of the SARS-CoV-2 virus spreading in the country to establish if new variants have emerged.
For SARS-CoV-2, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has come up with two categories of variants that pose a greater public health risk: variants of interest and variants of concern.
A variant of interest is a version of the virus which causes community transmission or has been detected in multiple countries. Variants can also be assigned to this category based on a WHO assessment.
Once the variant has been identified as of interest, its status can then change to a variant of concern if it is shown to have increased transmissibility, cause more severe disease or if it makes treatments, vaccines or diagnostic tools (tests) less effective.
The Delta variant was initially identified as a variant of interest in April 2021, before being categorised as a variant of concern on 11 May.
What do we know about the Delta variant?
Just more than six months ago, South Africa identified its own variant of concern, called Beta. This variant drove the country's second wave of infections and quickly became the main form of the virus circulating in the country, making up more than 90% of all new cases.
Since then, the Beta variant has consistently dominated South Africa's epidemic — until now. Saturday's announcement raises concerns that the Delta variant is quickly overtaking other forms of the virus in circulation in the country.
Perhaps the most concerning trait of the Delta variant is its ability to spread at a rapid rate.
The variant was first identified in India, where it drove a devastating second wave of Covid-19 infections that peaked in May — with a high of 414 433 new cases on 6 May.
As of 22 June, the Delta variant had spread to 85 countries. Because the variant is still fairly new, scientists are still busy gathering data to fully understand what its mutations mean.
But for now, one thing is clear: this form of the virus spreads exceptionally fast. As a result, the Delta variant causes a steep rise in new cases.
A June Eurosurveillance report found that the reproductive number (how many other people one infected person can infect) had increased for all variants of concern. This increase varied depending on the variant, from 25% for the Beta and up to 97% for Delta.
When compared to other variants, the Delta ranges from 30% to 60% more transmissible. Because of this, the report estimates that the Delta variant "is expected to rapidly outcompete other variants and become the dominant circulating lineage [globally] over the coming months".
This has already been seen in the UK, where the Alpha variant was first identified last year. Public Health England, which falls under the UK's health department, began investigating the Delta variant in early April when there were just more than 200 cases in the country. Three months later, the variant accounts for almost 95% of cases sequenced in the country.
A similar trend has emerged in KwaZulu-Natal's Covid-19 outbreak, although far fewer cases have been analysed locally. At the health department's briefing, Tulio de Oliveira, the director of the KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (Krisp), presented data from sequences conducted by his lab of 68 virus samples from KwaZulu-Natal. This was a random assortment of samples from throughout the province taken in the last week — about 70% of the sequences were the Delta variant. De Oliveira said there was a substantial increase in the variant's prevalence in KwaZulu-Natal when comparing samples from the past week to previous surveillance conducted in the province.
The Delta variant has also been detected in the Western Cape, although far fewer samples have been sequenced there. De Oliveira said his lab is currently working on unravelling the genetic code for virus samples received from Gauteng and is expecting to have a better picture of what is happening in the province by Tuesday. So far, there is only sequencing data for travellers infected with the Delta variant who arrived in the country in April. Scientists believe that the variant is likely driving the wave of infections currently spreading in Gauteng.
The Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa is currently working around the clock to sequence more samples, because the process is complex and time-consuming. De Oliveira said the staff are hoping to sequence between 500 and 1 000 samples in the coming week to better track the Delta variant's spread in the country. In the past year, the consortium has sequenced about 500 to 600 samples a month.
Can the Delta variant cause more severe disease?
The short answer: it's too soon to tell.
There is June data from the UK that shows a slight risk for increased hospitalisations in cases in which people were infected by the Delta variant when compared to the Alpha variant.
But it is not yet clear whether this increased hospitalisation risk also means that people are more likely to die as a result of infection caused by Delta.
Richard Lessells, who works at Krisp and has been monitoring SARS-CoV-2's evolution in South Africa, said that even without the variant's mutations directly leading to more hospitalisations and deaths, the rate at which it spreads (that is, its increased transmissibility) drives an increase in hospitalisations (because the variant causes so many more infections).
This will, in turn, put greater pressure on the country's hospitals, said Lessells. An overburdened healthcare system could then potentially result in more deaths because of a reduced capacity to care for patients.
What about the risk of reinfection?
Although there is still limited information, current data indicates that people who were previously infected with the Beta variant can still get sick with the Delta variant.
This is cause for concern, because, until now, the belief has been that the Beta variant should provide enough protection to prevent people from becoming reinfected by other variants.
A June paper in the New England Journal of Medicine showed that although people who had been infected by the original strain of the coronavirus were susceptible to reinfection with the Beta variant, the reverse is not true.
The paper looks at a specific immune response, called neutralising antibodies, generated by people who had been infected with the Beta variant during South Africa's second wave in December. Neutralising antibodies are part of your immune system's defence and attach themselves to the virus in a way that stops it from infecting your cells.
The researchers found that in a lab setting (which can differ from what is seen in real life) the body's natural response to the Beta variant — in the form of neutralising antibodies — was able to offer protection against the original form of the virus that had been circulating, as well as the Gamma variant, which was first identified in Brazil and has not yet been detected in South Africa.
This suggested that the Beta variant provides a wider form of protection that could potentially also protect people against other variants. This also held promise for future booster vaccines that are being designed based on the Beta variant.
But it seems that there are limitations to how this protection applies to the Delta variant.
A May preprint study found that the Delta variant was able to escape some immune responses generated both by people who had previously been infected with the virus and those who had been vaccinated.
In a lab setting, the paper found that the protection offered by neutralising antibodies from people who had previously been infected was four- to sixfold less effective against the Delta variant when compared to the Alpha variant. A similar reduction in protection was also seen when tested against the Beta variant when compared to Alpha.
Another paper shared in a pre-proof from the journal Cell in June showed that people who had previously been infected by either the Beta or Gamma variants were likely to be susceptible to reinfection with the Delta variant.
The research found that although people previously infected with the Alpha variant would still have some protection, this was significantly reduced in people who had been infected with the Beta and Gamma variants.
Looking at blood from people who had previously been infected with the Beta variant, the paper says "neutralisation is almost completely lost to [the Delta variant] … suggesting that individuals infected with B.1.351 [Beta] and P.1 [Gamma] may be at risk of reinfection". This lack of protection is likely because of differences in the mutations between the variants.
What does this mean for vaccines?
The relative newness of the Delta variant means there are limits to how much we know about this version of the virus.
One of the biggest questions that needs to be answered is what this means for vaccines.
With the Beta variant, one of its common mutations with Delta helps the virus to evade immunity.
This means that existing Covid-19 vaccines offer less protection against the Beta variant — this was, for instance, seen in the trials for the AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson (J&J) jabs.
Although it is still too early to know if the same pattern will be seen with the Delta variant, there is initial evidence suggesting that the variant does reduce vaccine efficacy.
Data from cases in England showed that the effectiveness of both the Pfizer and AstraZeneca jabs had been lowered after one dose from 51.1% to 33.5%.
But after a second shot, the decline in efficacy was smaller. In those who received the AstraZeneca jab, the efficacy had gone down from 66.1% to 59.8% after a second jab and those who received the Pfizer vaccine saw a drop from 93.4% to 87.9%.
What this shows is that in two-dose vaccines, once people have been fully immunised, it seems that the jabs are still able to offer sufficient protection against the Delta variant.
Whether this could put AstraZeneca back in play for South Africa's roll-out is not yet clear. The jab was benched earlier this year after results from a local trial showed that the Beta variant had significantly reduced its efficacy to the point at which it would no longer provide sufficient protection against the virus in South Africa. The vaccine was approved by the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (Sahpra), at the beginning of the year, which means that the jab would not need to submit an application for review prior to use, should it be put back into the roll-out ring.
The effectiveness of a one-dose vaccine, such as J&J, against the Delta variant has not yet been determined. These kinds of answers can only be found in populations that have both been vaccinated with the J&J jab and also have a high prevalence of the Delta variant — data which for now doesn't exist.
The J&J vaccine has been given to just fewer 500 000 healthcare workers in South Africa's Sisonke study, and a further 500 000 doses are allocated for teachers, making it is likely that South Africa may be able to begin gathering its own data on the jab's effectiveness against the Delta variant over the course of the next few months.
Rising concern about variants means that although increased vaccinations are important, we also cannot abandon existing public health measures designed to limit the spread of the virus, such as wearing masks and physical distancing.
In a briefing held on Friday, WHO director general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus warned: "New variants are expected and will continue to be reported — that's what viruses do, they evolve — but we can prevent the emergence of variants by preventing transmission.
"It's quite simple: more transmission, more variants. Less transmission, less variants.
"That makes it even more urgent that we use all the tools at our disposal to prevent transmission: the tailored and consistent use of public health and social measures, in combination with equitable vaccination."
This story was produced by the Bhekisisa Centre for Health Journalism. Sign up for the newsletter.
Aisha Abdool Karim is a senior health reporter at Bhekisisa.
adjusted level four lockdown
Beta variant
covid-19 variants
Kwazulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform
Mmamoloko Kubayi-Ngubane
Network for Genomic Surveillance in South Africa
Richard Lessells
Sisonke Study
South Africa (country)
South African Health Products Regulatory Authority
Tulio de Oliveira
vaccine efficacy
vaccine roll-out
variants of concern
World Health Organisation
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STANDARD (OSLO) is proud to present its first exhibition of objects and photographic works by Paris-based artist Oscar Tuazon. "I'd Rather Be Gone" continues the artist's yearlong examination on how personal liberty can be embodied in architecture. Drawing on the early building experiments of the hippy commune Drop City as well as current practices in 'dwelling portably', Tuazon's work questions the conditions for sustainability and self-suffiency.
"When I attended Deep Springs College in the mid-90s, the Greyhound would stop at an intersection in the middle of the desert, 50 miles from the college. You had to wait there until someone drove out to get you, which sometimes took a few hours. The only other thing at that intersection was a whorehouse in a doublewide. (In Nevada, prostitution is legal.) On hot days, the Madame of the house would sometimes invite us inside and offer us a cold drink. The only way in and out of the college is through the whorehouse." Tuazon's works and writings continuously return to the ideal of the bare minimum – put forward by the writer Henry David Thoreau in the novel "Walden" (1854) – and thus also return to the question of whether isolation from civil society may gain a more objective understanding of it.
Since graduating from Whitney ISP Tuazon has produced a series of sculptures composed of urban debris: cardboard boxes, wooden pallets, printing plates, OSB boards from building sites, or melanin boards from defunct kitchens – materials gathered from the area of his Paris studio or near the various venues of his exhibitions. In an initial phase these sculptural works would take forms of geodesic domes and draw on such typologies as indigenous building techniques, DIY architecture, as well as a more determined dedication to structural clarity, advocated by the engineer R. Buckminster Fuller. More recently the works have taken on the character of full-scale building prototypes, such as the work "1:1" at the center of the show.
This assemblage of melanin boards and wooden pallets is constructed to serve as a corner of the house Tuazon planning to erect near Portland, Oregon. Approaching the building project through a series of trial products rather than drawings, the exhibition context becomes a chance to test rather than portray this situation. At the same time Tuazon exposes the shortcomings of the works as prototypes, which continuously seem to be balancing between actual functionality and a possible transcendent materiality as sculptures. Tuazon draws attention to the disjuncture of forcing one space (the un-built house) onto another space (the gallery), and underscores the impossibility of really modelling something accurately in the context of an exhibition. Adding to these sculptures are four folded and framed photographs, rendering tableaux of temporary architecture from the woods of Portland. The photographs become a surface for exploring another kind of space, while being folded also modulating the distances within the image, between one space and another.
Oscar Tuazon (b. 1976 in Seattle, Washington) received his education from Cooper Union and the Whitney ISP in New York. His works were earlier this year shown in solo exhibitions at Bodgers and Kludgers, Vancouver and at castillo/corrales, Paris. His recent group exhibitions include "Down By Law", The Wrong Gallery for the Whitney Biennial, New York; "The Elementary Particles (Paperback Edition)", STANDARD (OSLO); and "Minotaur Blood" at Jonathan Viner / Fortesque Avenue, London. "Metronome no. 10", which Tuazon co-edited with Clementine Deliss, will also be included in the Documenta 12 Magazines project.
Folded digital C-prints /framed / 72 x 56 x 3 cm / 28.3 x 22 x 1.2"
Folded digital C-prints /framed / 65.7 x 50.5 x 3.2 cm / 25.9 x 19.9 x 1.3"
134 x 240 x 80 cm / 53 x 94 x 31"
49 x 37 x 2 cm / 19 x 15 x 1"
78 x 320 x 200 cm / 31 x 126 x 79"


I finished 19 out of 20.
Only the top 15 go on.
For the record, mine was the denim skirt - will be posting a mini-tut soon.
Thank you all so much for your support and your votes. I really do appreciate your kindness!
Ann- Thanks so much for stopping by my blog today! I appreciate your comments and linking up at Friday Frolic! Have a great weekend!


We would like to inform all our passengers that Stena Line are following advice from the European Maritime Safety Agency regarding Samsung Galaxy Note 7 devices. Passengers who possess a Samsung Galaxy Note 7 device should turn the device off during the sailing and may not charge it onboard our ships. Please make sure that all applications that could inadvertently activate the device are disabled (e.g. alarm clock) and that the device is not left unattended at any time.


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Unless you request otherwise, 1812 Society will send Order Confirmations and other communications to you in electronic form using the e-mail address you provide. If you have consented to receive communications via e-mail, it is your responsibility to advise 1812 Society if you change your preferred e-mail address. Your consent to receive electronic communications from 1812 Society is requested at the time you place an order, and you are asked to read these Terms & Conditions, which include the following disclosures: (i) you have the right to receive Order Confirmations and other communications from 1812 Society in non-electronic form, and you may withdraw your consent to receive such communications in electronic form at any time with respect to subsequent communications; (ii) your consent to receive electronic communications from 1812 Society applies to the Order Confirmation and any and all other communications related to the particular order for which you gave such consent; (iii) you may withdraw your consent to receive electronic communications or update the e-mail address and other information 1812 Society needs to contact you electronically by contacting 1812 Society Customer service in writing as specified in the "Contact" section below; and (iv) you may obtain a paper copy of any communication from 1812 Society upon request, and at no charge, by contacting 1812 Society Customer service by telephone or in writing as specified in the "Contact" section below. Order Confirmations and other communications may be delivered as PDF attachments and may require Adobe Reader to open. If you do not already have Adobe Reader, you may download it for free at http://get.adobe.com/reader/.


This years course in International Cultural Heritage Law by the Geneva Summer School will take place on 17 -28 July 2019. It is organized by the Art-Law Centre and the UNESCO Chair in the International Law of the Protection of Cultural Heritage of the University of Geneva, in collaboration with the University of Miami School of Law. We strongly recommend!


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Home Lifestyle Homemaking 3 Components Of Basic Family Security er (6)
May 20, 2022 May 20, 2022 Leave a Comment on er (6)
Updated on June 8, 2022 June 8, 2022
Why Every Parent Should Invest in a Home Security System
Updated on July 25, 2022 July 21, 2022
Why Should Parents Be Involved in Their Child's Education
I See Me Personalized Books- Book Review
Updated on March 24, 2022 January 19, 2016
Learning how to Be the Best Parent You Can Be


Cool Digital Gadgets To Have This Fall!
We DivaGals love our gadgets. This #LifestyleWednesday, we're checking out some of our new favorite finds … maybe they'll be on your WISH list this upcoming holiday season!
ELEMOON. Black'ish Yara Shahidi star scored this cool bracelet at the GBK gifting suite honoring the 2015 Emmy Awards. Elemoon is the world's first smart accessory that lets you change its light designs to match your outfit! Elemoon also tracks your steps and displays time, so you can stay fit and never be late (unless it's fashionable to be!).
CHROMECAST AUDIO. We've got one DivaGal who would literally die without her tunes blasting throughout her house 24/7. Thank goodness for Chromecast Audio, a new and easy way hear her tunes – even on machines that aren't Wi-Fi enabled! Just plug this little baby into the AUX input of your existing system (works on speakers up to 40 years old!), and it becomes a Wi-Fi gem as you control the sound and music right from your phone! The best part? Turning your favorite boomers into a new major sound system only costs $35! So buy a bunch and make your whole house sing!
XISTWEAR. Are you a fashionista with an Apple Watch? You know your band has got to be bangin'! Style up your Apple watch with fashionable XISTWEAR. These unisex bands, which are Stainless Steel IP plated, come in a range in color and sizes. Perfect way to make your active life looks oh-so-hot!
LANDS' END: Hot Items For Cool Days!


The Scariest Sound in the World? No Sound.
Do you know the scariest sound in the world? Silence from your smoke alarm!
Since the invention of the smoke alarm, fire-related home deaths have been decreased by half, and yet thousands of people are still losing their lives to fires, burns, and smoke inhalation.
Why? Because smoke detectors and smoke alarms are devices that require energy and upkeep. Battery-operated detectors must have their batteries replaced at least once every year.
Wired detectors and alarms should still be tested. Nothing remains perfect. In 24% of home-fire deaths, smoke alarms or detectors were present, but didn't sound. Silence kills!
In reported home fires in which the smoke alarms were present but did not operate, almost half (47%) of the smoke alarms had missing or disconnected batteries.
For the best protection, interconnect all smoke alarms. When one smoke alarm sounds they all sound. Interconnection can be done using hard-wiring or wireless technology. Have a professional electrician install interconnected smoke alarms.
There are two types of smoke alarms – ionization and photoelectric. An ionization smoke alarm is generally more responsive to flaming fires, and a photoelectric smoke alarm is generally more responsive to smoldering fires. For the best protection, both types of alarms or a combination of ionization-photoelectric alarms, also known as dual sensor smoke alarms, are recommended.
Follow manufacturer's instructions for cleaning to keep smoke alarms working well.
When replacing a battery, follow manufacturer's list of batteries on the back of the alarm or manufacturer's instructions.
Call Kanon Electric and schedule an appointment with a professional electrician who can explain the differences and suggest the best solution for your needs.


Kola urundai recipes are very famous in Chettinad region in Tamil Nadu. It can be either vegetarian or non-vegetarian and has got many variations. My grandma makes different varieties and every saturday we get to taste one such deep fried snack, as all saturdays are vegetarian days at home. The recipe is very simple and you can make ahead and deep fry when needed. You may choose veggies like carrot, beetroot, cabbage or mixed… this time our guest is carrot and she gets deep fried into tiny cute balls ready to be served as snack or as a side dish for any south Indian meal. A great way to include veggies in your kids diet, be creative use different veggies and surprise them! It is also a wonderful vegetarian appetizer item for guest entertaining.
To start with coarsely ground the split roasted gram and keep aside. Wash, peel and grate the carrot and keep them aside too.
Heat oil in a pan, saute the chopped onions, green chilies, ginger and garlic until slightly brown. Add grated carrot along with turmeric, red chili powder and salt.
Now coarsely powder split roasted gram dal (pottukadalai / dalia / roasted gram flour / pottukadalai maavu) and keep aside.
Add in chopped coriander and curry leaves to the mixture and slowly add the powered gram flour little at a time.
Add until the dough becomes little firm and just to bind the carrot mixture. Keep some extra flour to adjust in the end if becomes too wet.
Serve hot as an appetizer or as a side for any rice item. Stick in a tooth pick and serve as a party appetizer!
Makes about 12 – 15 golf ball size carrot urundais.
Just before deep frying, coat with little rava or poppy seeds to make it extra crispy. This is optional.
still u can make it healthier by making the balls flat and frying it hot tava with little oil… its called carrot vadai.. u can use cabbage also..
Yea that was cutlet, thats why asked for help 🙂 I will give a try. But Iam afraid abt time – I dint study anything for last few days – only worked on project. I forced myself to try this carrot urundai as we didnt eat properly for sometime – cafeteria closes at 9pm. We always forget it when we start working seriously & starved ….Thats why I didnt bother abt time & made it.
Btw, I dont know whether you will believe it Mullai – We all were quite busy with car jack design. We were only sleeping an hour or two for last 10 days. But I checked spiceonline when having tea in the morning. Got a comment from my best friend tat I am mad when she got to know that Iam browsing our site. Iam your youngest reader I suppose. I always feel like I am with family when I check spiceonline – Sharing our recipes and stuff, Some giving replies for others doubts before your reply. Its like a family site. How can I miss it. I feel family warmth. Thanks to u mam..And Special thanks to Myths for a good start on forum. That led to get useful things like Dinning Etiduette..
P.S:Passed up one project yesterday & again got one tat day itself. It wont stop me visiting our family site But .
I tried it & it really turned out well. Thank you I have added some pepper and extra chilli. I was so eager to try so I didnt get time to ask you whether to use roasted rava or normal one for coating; thereby I used breadgrams – it turned out well as shown in the pic. But coating was quite difficult as it didnt stick well. finally this egg loving gal made it like cutlets dipped in egg before coating hmmm..
I would like to make it without dipping those balls in egg. so how to coat it well to get more crispy balls.. As a big headed I tried to make it with beetroot. hehe SEMA FLOP…..moisture didnt evaporate at all so finally i had to make beetroot curry…Got ppl to eat watever we cook as we all seek for homemade stuff (bored to eat cafeteria food). So somehow my curry finished.
P.S:-Moms can make their kids eat vegetables. I hate vegetables but started to eat when I tried our mam's wonderful recipes.
Great….hmmmm..I think you made carrot cutlets. This is totally a different dish, use of rava (regular un-roasted) is optional, never go for breadcrumbs… bcos u need something like a glue to make them stick to. Maida mixed with little water makes a good glue to make breadcrumbs stick, but again that's not required for this recipe.
1. you should ground the pottukadalai little coarsely to make it crispy. 2. shape them gently; meant loosely packing them together, needs to be a soft ball; thick hard ones will turn very rubbery. 3. deep fry them on low medium flame.
You can also do the same thing with beetroot, well…….. for this you need to fry the veggie for a long time to get off the water content. No need to regret about flops, everyone including me learn by trial and error. Moreover you will end up learning new things, the innovative way. Thanks again for being such a great admirer of my website.
I meant Roasted chana dal which is also known as Pottukadalai / Roasted chickepeas (split) / Dalia.


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A wonderful serenity has taken possession of my entire soul, like these sweet mornings of spring which I enjoy with my whole heart. I am alone, and feel the charm of existence in this spot, which was created for the bliss of souls like mine. I am so happy, my dear friend, so absorbed in the...
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Hampton, VA – Larry King Law's Langley Speedway, 'Where Legends are Born,' is excited to announce the first of many additions to the 2023 Wacky Wednesday program by welcoming Troy McBee onboard as the official track photographer for its exciting mid-week program. "We are really taking a hard look at Wacky Wednesday this off-season," Wacky Wednesday...
Hampton, VA – Winning a single championship at your local Saturday night short track is a miracle in its own right, so many things have to fall in the right place. Winning multiple championships elevates you to an entirely different level. Winning three track champions in the top division of racing in as many years puts...
Hampton, VA – In one of the most competitive seasons in recent history, Gloucester, Virginia native Matt Carter took it down to the wire in 2022 en route to his second consecutive Larry King Law Modified division championship. In addition, Carter would wrap up the season with the most wins throughout the regular season with eight. ...
Hampton, VA – Saturday night short track racing at Larry King Law's Langley Speedway always has been and always will be a true family affair. A place where legends truly are born and never forgotten. Williamsburg's Hunter Waltrip is one of the more recent drivers to carry the torch so to speak for their family after...
Christian Keller Wins Back-to-Back Farley Financial UCAR Division Championships While Welcome Newborn Baby to the Team
Hampton, VA – Front-wheel drive racing has been a staple at Larry King Law's Langley Speedway for more than a decade. It is usually a stepping stone for young drivers coming up from the kart club to get a feel of a full-body race car. It is a way for up-and-coming drivers to make a name...
I throw myself down among the tall
June 6, 2016admin


I was called to court once, as a circumstantial witness.
I love the suits over their costumes, nice touch.
He… that's funny… and since when did villains go to court?
Since… always? You didn't think they were just thrown in jail, did you? That would be highly illegal. And unethical.
Left the Joker shrieking in anguish.
Should have said you heard him monologuing.


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Sabri El-Sayed Abdalmonteleb Mayhoub Raheel (; born on 2 October 1987) is an Egyptian professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Egyptian Premier League side Al Ittihad Alexandria. He also played for Al Ahly Zamalek.

Honours
Zamalek
 Egypt Cup: 2013

Al Ahly
 Egyptian Premier League: 2013–14, 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2018–19
 Egypt Cup: 2017
 Egyptian Super Cup: 2014, 2015
 CAF Confederation Cup: 2014

References

External links

 Player Profile

1987 births
Living people
Al Ahly SC players
Zamalek SC players
Egyptian footballers
Egyptian Premier League players
People from Faiyum Governorate
Association football fullbacks


You can use a Tonnetz to quickly look up what notes are in a specific key/scale, look up what notes are in a specific chord, analyze and make sense of chord progressions, compose interesting chord progressions in an intuitive way, find the relative minor or major to a key, easily transpose melodies or chord progressions and many more.
Really, the only limit here is one's own imagination.
This video describes the Tonnetz and voice leading. Harmonic motion between chords can easily be accomplished by moving around the Tonnetz in three different ways .
Harmonic analysis of the song Take A Bow composed by Matthew Bellamy performed by Muse. Chords are represented within the pitch space named as Tonnetz, which displays musical pitches along axis associated with the intervals of fifth (horizontal), minor and major thirds (diagonals). Among other notable properties, the Tonnetz makes appear minor and major triads as triangles which facilitates the visualization of tonal chord progressions.


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Городищенская дача — особо охраняемая природная территория, которая относится к комплексному типу памятников природы регионального значения. Располагается в Тарасовском районе Ростовской области России. Общая площадь составляет 407 га.

История
В период с 1997 по 1999 год члены Ростовского отделения Союза охраны птиц России обследовали более 30 природоохранных территорий Ростовской области. 14 из этих территорий были отнесены к Ключевым орнитологическим территориям Международного ранга (Important Birds Areas), а информация о них размещена в Европейском и Российском каталогах. Согласно Постановлению администрации Ростовской области от 19.10.2006 № 418 территория Городищенской дачи является природоохранной.

Описание
Территория заповедника находится на северо-западе от слободы Александровки в границах 82-го — 84-го, 88-го — 91-го кварталов Криворожского участкового лесничества Донецкого территориального отдела лесничества. Сосновый столетний массив, произрастающий в этой местности, представляет научную ценность для исследователей. Деревья растут в степной зоне и на песчаных участках — к территории хвойных лесов примыкает пойма реки Калитвы, на ее участках располагаются пойменные рощи. Лесная территория у реки используется в рекреационных целях. В этой местности гнездятся орлы-карлики, филин, европейский тювик. Водятся стервятники. Городищенская роща — единственной место в Ростовской области, на территории которого свои гнезда строит мохноногий сыч.

Примечания

Комплексные памятники природы
Охраняемые природные территории Ростовской области


The Cicada Killers Scare Me, Too!
"How Do You Know That's a Weed, Mom?"
The Garden That We "Put Out"
I guess if we can't have rain showers, we'll just have to be temporarily satisfied with 'Sun Showers'. Kinda purty, ain't it?
I purchased this tropical hibiscus two winters ago and this summer I decided to plant it in the ground instead of keeping it in a pot. Good move! Just this past week, it bloomed for the first time ever. The blooms are huge and the color is a luscious shade of red/orange/yellow/pink with 'showers' of yellow sun speckling its edges. And when this bloom is done, there are two more in the works.
I'll be potting it up for the winter in a few weeks and it will be kept in the greenhouse in the basement until next spring, when I'll plant it out again. I have a Chinese lantern type also, which bloomed once, but I failed to snap a photo of it. It too was pretty, but the bloom was much smaller on that one.
The air is different. Nights are cooling, but even the summer breezes on the hottest days have a little less heat in them. The skies are beginning to turn that caerulean color that is only seen at this time of year. Yes, summer is waning, but it's not over until it's over.
Nancy J. Bond of Soliloquy says it best . . .
By early dusks and golden moon.
That helps dispel this August gloom.
Look forward to the days to come!
Bending, til your back is aching.
Made ready for another day.
Gourds to pick before fall rains.
Must all be stored as weather cools.
Of wisps of smoke as nights grow cold.
Pumpkin pies and apple cider.
When heat of Summer's truly lost.
But fill them in delightful ways.
So, for today, my garden blooms!
These days of August still bring pleasure.
Embrace your fading garden treasures!
Nancy's blog is one of my favorite places to visit. She's a master at creating words to go along with beautiful photographs of her gardens (and other things).
She's located in Nova Scotia, Canada, a place I hope to one day visit, as my parents will be doing in October. I have her gracious permission to reproduce her poem here.
What can I say? It's last summer all over again. We've had no rain for oh, let's see . . . six weeks. And then it was .2 of an inch. The time before that was July 8, when we got almost an inch. Things are drier than dry.
We planted a tree at the beginning of the month and as far down as we dug, it was bone dry. There are huge cracks in the yard and the gardens, in spite of the watering we've been doing. We don't water the yard at all and it's crunchy brown, having gone dormant.
Didn't we do this last year?
The next chance for rain is September 5th and even then it's calling for isolated thunderstorms. The plants and trees are showing signs of stress and we're doing our best to keep them minimally happy until we get a good soaking rain. I hate to see things go into winter in this compromised condition. It won't bode well for them to survive the harsh winter that we're predicted to have.
So I repeat: Is it too much to ask for a LITTLE PRECIPITATION???
Buffy has warmed up to us quite nicely and while some of the other cats aren't quite sure whether he belongs here, they'll get over it. I mentioned that there had been another stray hanging around looking for food - a skinny, skittish black one - and that we hadn't seen it in a few days.
He/She was back today. I looked out the kitchen window and there it was, lounging under the Japanese Maple. I tapped on the window and it looked at me, but remained at rest. Buffy came to check it out, decided it wasn't worth much of his time and moved on.
It doesn't look all that skinny in this picture because cats sleep fat, you know, but take my word for it. There isn't much meat on those bones. The fur around its neck is coming out in clumps now, which may be due to some run-ins with some of the other cats, or maybe it's due to a health issue. In any case, its fate is still up in the air as long as it won't let us get close.
If people would just take care of their animals, we wouldn't have such things happening. While we have taken in needy cats for the last four years, we really only wanted one inside and one outside cat. Now we have nine altogether.
I'm allergic to bee stings. Yet honeybees don't scare me, because they're usually not aggressive and I respect them. I even like them. I used to freak if one was buzzing close-by but now I don't give them a second thought.
Paper wasps, yellow jackets, and mud daubers get a whole lot more of my respect for their space, but I'm not too bothered by those, either. I try to watch my pop can if I've got it outside, just in case they want a sip, too. But when the Cicada Killers come to town, I'm outta here.
If you've never seen one of these ginormous wasps, good for you. They're big, bad, and ugly. I don't care if only the females sting and will only sting if you bother them. I'm not about to test that. These are not your everyday, run-of-the-mill wasps. You could probably catch one, deep-fry it, and feed a family of four with it.
Why are they called Cicada Killers? Because that's what they do. They kill the cicada, drag it into their nest in a hole in the ground, lay an egg in it, then seal it up. The larva then eats the rest of the cicada while developing into yet another one of these beasts, after spending the winter in a cocoon.
They emerge in late July and August, when their prey (Annual cicadas) are also present. They're considered beneficial pests, and I'll just have to trust that they are, but they still scare the bejeebers out of me.
Photo by fairlane of Jonestown. What? You think I was going to get close enough to take a picture myself? Are you nuts?
I've been pulling the 'Parisian Market' round carrots for a few weeks now, so I thought I'd better check on the 'Bolero' Nantes ones. Sure enough, many of them were of sufficient size to warrant harvesting.
As I've said before, it just about kills me to thin seedlings of anything and I just didn't do it with the carrots. Thinning is really essential for good carrot growth though, with them being a root crop. They need room for filling out and if they're all crowded closely together in a small space, especially with heavy clay soil, they won't reach their potential. Still, we had plenty of nicely-sized carrots.
Being a dental hygienist, as I was digging and pulling the carrots it struck me just how similar the process is to extracting teeth. Some of the same problems that occur with teeth also happen with carrots.
As you can imagine, teeth and carrots with roots like that are more difficult to remove. Sometimes when you tug at a carrot (tooth), it's so firmly entrenched in the ground (bone) that the top (crown) breaks off.
Then you have to use a shovel (elevator) to help lift it out. And sometimes, despite your best efforts, the carrot (root) breaks and you have to go down deeper to get to the broken part.
When you have carrots that are in close proximity to each other, sometimes they grow any which way they can in any available space. That leads to the creation of very oddly shaped carrots.
Then there are those that for no obvious reason are just weird.
Fortunately, the majority of carrots grow just like they're supposed to - straight. Most carrots are of the long and tapered variety and just like teeth that have roots that are tapered, these are the easiest to pull. In the case of the carrots, that makes them much easier to clean, too.
How about that? Curious carrots and a lesson in dentistry all at the same time!
It's Monarch caterpillar time at Our Little Acre. We grow four different Asclepias (Asclepias tuberosa, Asclepias tuberosa 'Hello Yellow', Asclepias curassavica, and Asclepias incarnata), and every single one has one or more Monarch caterpillars munching happily away.
This is the first year that we've grown Asclepias curassavica and I have to say it's my favorite of them all, because of the color combination of reddish-orange and golden yellow. It's the only annual of the bunch, and I'm happy to see that it's forming seed pods so I'll be able to collect seed and grow it next year as well.
This year it seems that they prefer the Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) plant that we relocated from the creek bank last summer. I counted six on that one plant. I'd like to go dig a couple more of those, both for the Monarchs and for me, as I think their blooms are really pretty and remind me of beaded jewelry. There's a white-blooming one called 'Ice Ballet' that I'd like to grow, too.
No doubt the butterflies that these caterpillars will eventually become will be the ones that make the trip to Mexico. Peak migration in our area occurs during the third week in September. There will be other Monarchs that will be emerging right up until that point and for a short time after, but it's unlikely that many will stay here and produce another generation before the time to leave arrives.
And that's one of the most fascinating miracles of miracles that are the Monarchs. Of the several generations that are born during their summers spent north, how does this last generation know that they are the ones that will carry on the species through the winter by making the long trip to Mexico? What is it genetically that allows them to live longer (8 or 9 months) than their spring and summer ancestors, who live just two to five weeks?
Earlier, we saw big fat cats on the Asclepias and then they disappeared. They've transformed into chrysalides, but we've never been able to find any. It's not uncommon for them to crawl to a location thirty feet away from where they spent their days munching on the milkweeds, wherever they feel is a protected location.
Last evening, I found a smallish one crawling around on a daylily which was nowhere near any of the Asclepias plants. At first I thought it must be a Swallowtail cat, but it was definitely a Monarch. It appeared to be chewing on the edge of the leaf, which goes against what I've always been told - that Monarch caterpillars only feed on Asclepias. I carefully moved him to the Butterfly Weed (Asclepias tuberosa). This morning, he was eating the nearby Rue!
There's always one in the bunch, isn't there?
And Romie is my male counterpart. That's convenient, isn't it? I mentioned that we'd had a couple of stray cats hanging out at Our Little Acre for the last month or so. Where do they come from? If only they could speak English, we'd know. Regardless, this is where so many end up, looking for something to eat, a safe place to sleep, and a little loving care.
When the scared skinny black one and the buff-colored friendly one first showed up, Romie called them Blackie and Blondie. This clearly went against his own rule of not naming any strays until they let us pet them. But when two cats show up at the same time (coincidence?), you have to have a way to distinguish between them as you discuss their futures.
Blackie is clearly the most fearful of the two. We haven't been able to get the least bit close to him, not even close enough to determine if he is indeed a 'him'. But Blondie has warmed up to us quite nicely and since he's a very definite 'him,' I nixed the Blondie moniker. We tossed around a few names, and settled on Buffy. I know that's a girl's name, too, but I like it better than Blondie and Buffy Cat won't know the difference anyway.
I haven't seen Blackie for a couple of days, but I'm sure we'll see him again soon.
Meanwhile, Buffy has very definitely adopted us, so we'll be taking him in to be neutered and immunized soon. He follows me all around the garden, much to Max's chagrin. After all, a big part of the gardens here belong to him and he hasn't taken kindly to the new intruder. But I'm lovin' him up a little extra these days just to show him there's always room in our hearts for one more.
He should know that from experience.
Sue wanted to go on a road trip. Well, okay, let's go! Mom, Sue and I had traveled together last October to Cleveland to accept an award on behalf of the Smiley Park Children's Garden. Of course, we had a great time, which is not surprising when you get three garden lovers together.
This time, we headed towards Cleveland again, although we stopped short, first in Avon. That's the home of Petitti's largest greenhouse location in the Cleveland area. We have been there twice before and because we don't have such places near us, we're like little kids in a candy store when we set foot inside.
We're quickly approaching my personal cut-off point for planting (September 1st), so if I was going to add to the gardens, it was now or never. Still, I tried to show restraint, for my budget's sake, which was hard because of the great sales going on. I came away with some Clumping Bamboo (Fargesia denudata), Variegated Bladder Campion (Silene uniflora 'Druett's Variegated'), Speedwell (Veronica repens 'Sunshine'), Campanula garganica 'Dickson's Gold', Cut-leaved Anemone (Anemone multifida 'Annabella Deep Rose'), Japanese Anemone 'Party Dress' (a double pink), and Golden Japanese Forest Grass (Hakonechloa macra 'Aureola'). The last four are not new to our gardens; I just wanted more of them.
We loaded our purchases into the Suburban and headed back west to Schoepfle Garden. The gardens are located just south of I-90 and consist of 70 acres of botanical gardens and natural woodlands bordering the Vermilion River. It began in 1936 when Otto Schoepfle purchased the house and land that had belonged to his grandparents and turned it into beautiful gardens. He donated it to the Lorain County Metroparks in 1969 and continued to watch over it until his death in 1992.
We walked down a path to the newly-built children's garden. It opened just last year, but already is a favorite spot for locals to bring their kids. It is very child-friendly, with various areas inviting interaction. Mom and Sue were taking good notes on what they saw, for ideas they could possibly use for the Smiley Park Children's Garden in Van Wert.
Climb on the rock mountain!
And yes, there's an area where you really can play in the water!
The musical theme is carried through on the walkway . . .
The rest of the property was well laid-out for casual meandering this way and that, with many beautiful trees, shrubs, topiaries, display gardens, and natural beauty no matter which way you turned. We spent a couple of hours here, both in the gardens and in the gift shop that is located in the Visitor's Center.
It's Surprise Lily time around here!
The dahlias were in full bloom and the bees and butterflies were helping themselves to the nectar.
While there many beautiful plants and flowers in bloom, there were signs that autumn is right around the corner, including some early leaf color changes and dropping. No doubt the hot, dry weather has caused some trees to begin this change earlier than normal.