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#EHFA Top 20 Articles for 2018
The editors of English Historical Fiction Authors want to thank all the authors who contributed articles to the blog in 2018, and a sincere thank-you to all our readers.
Every week we bring you a bit of British history: people, places, social customs, and more. We hope you'll enjoy this look at the top 20 posts for 2018.
20. Bad Queens - Part I
by Danielle Marchant
19. Hugh O'Neill - The First Irish Nationalist
by Arthur Russell
18. Ælfflæd: An Abbess Who Was Always a Princess
17. Lambert Simnel and the Blind Poet
by Matt Lewis
16. Giving Birth in Jane Austen's Day: Confinement, Lying-in, and Churching
15. Julius Caesar's "Invasions" of Britain: The Latest Evidence
by Mark Patton
14. Hugh O'Neill - The First Irish Nationalist, Part II
13. Coffee, Tea and Chocolate: A cup for every purpose
12. Ælfgyva: The Mystery Lady of the Bayeux Tapestry Part V
by Paula Lofting
11. The Abducted Nun or What Happened when the Abbess became an Heiress
10. In Search of Bannockburn
by Annie Whitehead
9. Ælfgyva: The Mystery Woman of the Bayeux Tapestry – Part IV
8. Common Myths of the Wars of the Roses: Richard III: Victim of Tudor Propaganda? Part 1
by Derek Birks
7. Ælfgyva: The Mystery Woman of the Bayeux Tapestry – Part VI
6. Did he or didn't he? Of a hangman and the royal blood on his hands
5. Bad Queens - Part II
by Danielle Marchan
3. Ælfgyva: The Mystery Woman of the Bayeux Tapestry – Part VII
2. Common Myths of the Wars of the Roses: Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, the 'Kingmaker'? Part 4
And, our most read post for 2018, with over 8600 views:
1. Sutton Who? Who is buried at Sutton Hoo?
by Matthew Harffy
Posted by Char Newcomb at 4:33 AM 2 comments
Labels: Anna Belfrage, Annie Whitehead, Arthur Russell, Danielle Marchant, Derek Birks, Kim Rendfeld, Maria Grace, Mark Patton, Matt Lewis, Matthew Harffy, Paula Lofting
Editor's Weekly Round-up, December 30, 2018
Never miss a post on English Historical Fiction Authors.
Lauren Gilbert takes the spotlight in this week's round-up. Enjoy!
Royal Worcester Porcelain
Labels: Editor's Weekly Round Up, Lauren Gilbert
Mankind has created pottery vessels for millennia, using whatever clay (earthen material that could be kneaded and shaped when damp) and heat source available to dry it. Porcelain has its roots in China going back as far at the 7th century during the Tang dynasty. The Yuan dynasty (13th-14th century) developed the hard paste porcelain as known today, combining white China clay (kaolin) with the dust of a finely ground rock called petuntse, which was then fired at extremely high heat (2650 degrees F). The Portuguese first visited Macao, a small peninsula on the southern coast of China in 1513 and visited regularly thereafter. After paying tribute to the Chinese, they established a trading post and began bringing goods from China and Japan, including Chinese porcelain, back to Europe.
Noting the superiority of porcelain over the pottery then used in European countries, Europeans then decided to recreate it in their own lands. The earliest recorded attempt was in Florence in 1575. France, Germany and England also made their efforts. In the 17th century, tea drinking became popular which resulted in increased importation of tea from China as well as the porcelain wares required for maximum enjoyment. The 18th century saw tremendous advances in Germany, France and England in the development of pottery forms similar to Chinese porcelain ware. Early in the 18th century, kaolin was discovered in Germany and delicate white porcelain was developed in Meissen, Germany. Throughout France and the other European countries, as well as England, efforts were being made to produce porcelain that was comparable to that produced by China. English factories could not easily access kaolin, so continued perfecting their soft paste porcelain, using materials they had at hand. English china became distinguished by the addition of ground ox bones to the formula, resulting in the well-known "bone china."
John Wall was born in Powick, near Worcester, October 12, 1708. He studied at Worcester King's School, won a scholarship to Worcester College Oxford, became a fellow at Merton College, Oxford in 1735, and qualified with a Batchelor of Physic at St. Thomas Hospital, London in 1736. He was qualified as a Doctor of Medicine (Medicinae Doctor or MD) in 1739. He returned to Worcester in 1740, married Catherine Sandys, and developed a vast practice.
Although a medical doctor of renown and fortune, Dr. Wall was interested in many things. In 1750, he and William Davis, an apothecary in Worcester, performed experiments in making porcelain with soapstone (a form of granite, also known as steatize granite).
Dr. John Wall, 18th Century
In 1751, a group of 15 men, under the guidance of Dr. Wall, opened a porcelain factory in Worcester by the Severn River. They were determined to produce the highest quality porcelain available. In 1752, they brought workers, equipment and materials from an existing porcelain factory purchased in Bristol to facilitate their efforts. Available data indicates the factory in Bristol had also worked with the soapstone addition so the workers with Bristol and the knowledge contributed by Dr. Wall and Mr. Davis (who was one of the 15 men participating) led to the production of a porcelain with attributes of Chinese hard-paste porcelain, including a finer grain and glaze that did not craze (develop fine cracks on its surface). Most importantly, it did not crack when boiling water was poured into it (a common problem with many soft-paste porcelains at this time). From this, they developed a distinctive, high-quality product. The Worcester Porcelain factory opened its first show room in London in 1754.
During the first decade of its existence, the most popular Worcester Porcelain was painted in blue then glazed. An engraver named Robert Hancock arrived at the factory about 1756 and, with his expertise with engraving prints, Worcester Porcelain factory developed the use of transfers to print designs on porcelain and produced porcelain so decorated on a large scale, which provided employment to a significant number of people. Around 1770, Worcester Porcelain produced a dinner service for the Duke of Gloucester. In 1774, Dr. Wall retired. The partners continued the production of porcelain. The factory was purchased by Thomas Flight, who had acted as the factory's London agent, and became established as one of the most prominent porcelain manufacturers in Europe. George III granted the factory a Royal Warrant in 1789, at which time the word "Royal" was added to the name. The factory became known at the Worcester Royal Porcelain Manufactory, also known as Royal Worcester.
Cup 1755-1790, Auckland Museum
Royal Worcester Tea Caddy 1770
Worcester Royal Porcelain remained popular throughout the Victorian era, producing services for the royal family and others. The company name was changed to Worcester Royal Porcelain Company Ltd. in 1862. Throughout its history, the company changed ownership and design direction several times without loss of quality. At its height, the factory provided employment to over 700 people. The company's products were highly regarded and maintained popularity well into the 20th century. In 1976, Worcester Royal merged with W. T. Copeland to become Royal Worcester Spode. While its porcelain maintained its popularity with high end customers, it began to struggle and, in the late 20th-early 21st century, began attempting a more mass market appeal by producing comedy mugs and other departures. By 2006, work in England was being performed in Stoke-on-Trent instead of Worcester, and production was outsourced abroad.
Royal Worcester Factory Museum before 1900
In November of 2008, the economic downturn combined with the company's failure to find a buyer led to the company being placed under a court-appointed administrator whose job was to leverage the company's assets to repay creditors and avoid insolvency. On April 23, 2009, Worcester Royal Porcelain was acquired by an English firm, Portmeirion Pottery, which is now known as Portmeirion Group. In Worcester, visitors can spend time at the Museum of Royal Worcester to learn about the history of the factory and see the products and films of work in process from the 1930's until the end. The archives there hold a range of information, including pattern books and order records.
BBC. "HEREFORD & WORCESTER A History of Royal Worcester Porcelain." HERE
Collector's Weekly. "Royal Worcester China." HERE
Britannica.com "Porcelain" by the Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. HERE ; "Macau" by the editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. HERE
GourmetSleuth. "Royal Worcester History." HERE
Hektoen International. "Dr. John Wall and Royal Worcester Porcelain" by JMS Pearce, Summer 2018. HERE
History World. "HISTORY OF POTTERY AND PORCELAIN The European Quest for Porcelain: 16th-18th Century."HERE
Museum of Royal Worcester. "Dr. John Wall." HERE
The Telegraph. "A History of Royal Worcester and Spode" published November 6, 2008.HERE ; "Royal Worcester collapses after 257 years making China" by Nick Britten, published November 6, 2008. HERE
Wikisource. 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Volume 5. "Ceramics." HERE
All illustrations from Wikimedia Commons:
Dr. John Wall HERE (Public Domain)
Coffee Cup c 1755-1790, by Auckland Museum [CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)] HERE
Royal Worcester Tea Caddy c1770 HERE (Public Domain-Los Angeles County Museum of Art)
Royal Worcester Factory Museum before 1900 HERE (Public Domain)
Lauren Gilbert holds a BA in English with a minor in Art History, and is a long-time member of the Jane Austen Society of North America. She published HEYERWOOD: A Novel in 2011, and is in the process of completing a second novel while doing research for a nonfiction work. She is a member of the Florida Writers Association and the Society of Authors. Lauren lives in Florida with her husband Ed. You may visit her website here for more information.
Posted by Lauren Gilbert at 12:00 AM 2 comments
Labels: 18th century England, Dr John Wall, Lauren Gilbert, Museum of Royal Worcester, Royal Worcester Porcelain, Tea, Worcester
Editors Weekly Round-up, December 23, 2018
Join us every week on English Historical Fiction Authors. We have saints and sinners, politics and war. Read about kings, queens, the common man and woman, and legends from ancient to post-WWII.
It's your Natal Day, Regency Style
by David William Wilkin
Richard the Lionheart's Ordeal, October - December 1192
by Charlene Newcomb
Labels: Charlene Newcomb, David William Wilkin, Editor's Weekly Round Up
"It is the old girl's birthday, and that is the greatest holiday and reddest-letter day in Mr. Bagnet's calendar." Charles Dickens, Bleak House Chapter 49, 1853.
This is not the only Dickensian reference we have to celebration of a birthday.
From Dickens the Pickwick Papers 1836-1837, we have this:
" "Never mind that," said the old gentleman; "you're much too fond of punch, Tom."
Tom Smart was just on the point of protesting that he hadn't tasted a drop since his last birthday, "
Regency Tea Party
And then there is the practice of giving flowers on a birthday:
"For instance, the recurrence of a birthday affords a suitable occasion for paying a compliment of a more marked character than mere words express. Birthday bouquets intended as offerings to young people, are most appropriate when composed of spring flowers-wild if possible." Cassells Household Guide, New and Revised Edition (4 Vol.) c.1880.
Happy Birthday William Powell Frith
Though Dickens writes just at the beginning of the Victorian era, we can extrapolate that things he observed when young (Charles lived from 1812 to 1870) were customs that were also in place when he was older. Especially as some customs relating to birthdays were practiced for several centuries by the time of the Regency.
As mentioned in previous posts, the time of the English Regency, when George the III was mad and his son George (who would be King George IV) oversaw the government for his father was from 1811 to 1820. The culture of the period though, fashion, art, extends from an earlier time, and does not change until Victoria has been on the throne for a little while. For simplicity, if we look at this from 1788 when George was first mad, to 1837, when his son William died, we have a fifty year period that Charles Dickens knew well.
One in which birthdays, as the character Tom Smart above found a way to celebrate with some punch, were honored.
Birthdays have been celebrated for a long time. First in ancient Egypt, 3000 BC (still celebrated in modern Egypt as well, I am willing to wager, despite the country going through regime change.) First in Egypt and then in Babylonia the birth of male royalty was what was celebrated. The practice began after Menes united the Upper and Lower Kingdoms. These were elaborate feasts in which slaves, servants, and freedmen all took part. Even prisoners could be released from the jails.
Walter Frederick Osborne The Birthday Party
Plutarch writes how Cleopatra threw an immense birthday celebration for Mark Antony. (They deserved some happiness before their tragic end.) A few Cleopatras before, though her husband Ptolemy gave her for a birthday present the dismembered body of their son. (Cleo II)
After the invitation of the celebration of Birthdays by the Egyptians, we move on to ancient Greece. Often we think that the Romans took all that was Greek, but here we have the Greeks taking that which is Egyptian and Persian, it would seem. Persians made cakes. (In the Regency Era, Marie Antoinette would tell you that the French did as well.)
Why not, our ancient Greek ancestors thought, put Cake and Birthday together. Philochorus writes that Artemis' birthday was celebrated on the sixth day of each month with a large honey cake. That would be twelve birthday celebrations a year. The cake was even topped with lighted candles.
It was the Gods who were fortunate to have their birthdays celebrated monthly. Mere mortal women and children, no birthday party at all (chauvinism goes back a long way.) For the man of the house, though, the annual celebration there was nothing that was too lavish, even after death.
The Romans (remember, they steal everything) put a twist harkening back to the Egyptians. Important statesmen would find their Natal Day festivities national holidays. IN 44 BC Caesar rated an annual parade, circus performance, gladiators, a banquet and a play.
Then came Christianity. And birthday observances stopped.
It was equating entering the world with Original Sin, and since that was the day of your birth, why mark it as special. (One day they might even come up with Temperance...)
What was celebrated instead was the death days (not the birthdays) of the saints. These became their feast days. A saint is born when he/she passes into heaven.
Before the fourth century, it was heresy to try and figure out when JC was born. But after, the church decided they wanted to know, and thus with much serious discussion, we have Christmas.
The Age of Augustus, the Birth of Christ
Jean-Léon Gérôme
By the 12th century, parish churches were recording the birth dates of women and children. Now families were celebrating with annual parties and the birthday cake, along with candles reemerged. (I won't argue that this was now the end of the Dark Ages as light was reintroduced.)
John Lorimar Grandmother's Birthday
The reemergence was first called the Kinderfeste. It began at dawn. The birthday child was greeted with a cake with the candles already lit. And these candles were changed to stay lit the entire day. A full day of partying.
Making a wish and blowing out the candles also comes from the Kinderfeste tradition. There was an old tradition, now gone of the Birthday Man. An elf who brought extra gifts to the birthday child.
Now bringing it to the Regency. Jane, for all our Janeites, does not mention Birthday celebrations I went through 17 sources on daily life in Georgian times, and again no mention of the activity. Writers up to now may not have cared. But we do have some examples as noted above in Dickens. Whether it is Tom Smart taking a nip at every birthday to acknowledge the occasion, or the old girl who made of it a great celebration each year.
That suggests to me (though as you have read, we don't have much that is definitive) that should you have the chance to celebrate, and the means to do so, why would you not want to have a lavish affair like Cleopatra and Marc Antony. Certainly the Ton of the Regency was always looking for entertainments and here was a reason for it.
Research (partial)
Charles Panati Panati's Extraordinary Origins of Everyday Thing, 1987
Sally Mitchell Daily Life in Victorian England, 1996
Maggie Lane Jane Austen's World, 1996
Daniel Pool, What Jane Austen Ate and Charles Dickens Knew, 1993
Editor's Choice: This post was originally posted on this blog, August 31, 2012.
Mr. Wilkin writes Regency Historicals and Romances, Ruritanian (A great sub-genre that is fun to explore) and Edwardian Romances, Science Fiction and Fantasy works. He is the author of the very successful Pride & Prejudice continuation; Colonel Fitzwilliam's Correspondence. He has several other novels set in Regency England including The End of the World and The Shattered Mirror. His most recent work is the humorous spoof; Jane Austen and Ghosts, a story of what would happen were we to make any of these Monsters and Austen stories into a movie.
And Two Peas in a Pod, a madcap tale of identical twin brothers in Regency London who find they must impersonate each other to pursue their loves.
The links for all locations selling Mr. Wilkin's work can be found at the webpage and will point you to your favorite internet bookstore: David's Books, and at various Internet and realworld bookstores including the iBookstore, Amazon, Barnes and Noble, Smashwords.
He is published by Regency Assembly Press
And he maintains his own blog called The Things That Catch My Eye where the entire Regency Lexicon has been hosted these last months as well as the current work in progress of the full Regency Timeline is being presented.
You also may follow Mr. Wilkin on Twitter at @DWWilkin
Mr. Wilkin maintains a Pinterest page with pictures and links to all the Regency Research he uncovers at Pinterest Regency-Era
Posted by David W. Wilkin at 12:00 AM 7 comments
Labels: Birthday, Celebration, Cleopatra, Colonel Fitzwilliam's Corresspondence, English Regency, Julius Caesar, Kinderfeste, Marc Antony, regency
A few days before Christmas 1192, Richard the Lionheart, King of England 1189-1199, surrendered to Duke Leopold of Austria in a Vienna suburb. Perhaps best known for his role in the Third Crusade, Richard had set sail from the Holy Land in October 1192 after an unsuccessful campaign to free Jerusalem from the hands of Saladin. Richard's journey home sounds more like fiction than fact. Let me share this incredible story, looking back at events in the Fall of 1192 and other historical background leading up to Richard's capture.
Enemies – Old Rivalries, Hatred, and Politics
To the west, the quickest route to Richard's realms was via Sicily and Marseille – the route he had sailed in 1190/1191 to the Holy Land. But word reached Richard that he would not find safe harbor in Marseille. Raymond, Count of Toulouse, an old enemy he'd engaged with in border disputes in Aquitaine, planned to seize him there.
There were ports west of Marseille, but Toulouse had conspired with the king of Aragon and Catalonia, cutting Richard's access to Provence and northern Spain. There were also rumors that Genoese ships had been hired to watch for and intercept Richard. Skirting the north African coast to sail west and through the Straits of Gilbralter into the Atlantic would be far too dangerous. Seafaring men of the 12th century knew the hazards of winter sailing, and the best among them rarely ventured into the Mediterranean after the 1st of November.
Richard weighed his options as he approached Sicily. With the sea routes to the west cut off, his buss, a large galley called the Franche Nef, turned back and sailed into the Adriatic Sea.
Pirates, Privateers, and Shipwreck
The Lionheart abandoned his buss in Corfu and, dependent on which history you read, either: 1) had a run-in with pirates (with whom he ended up bargaining); or 2) hired two privateer galleys for 200 marks. With a small group of trusted companions and the 2 galleys, Richard sailed north from Corfu battered by one storm after another. In early December, the galleys were driven ashore by storms somewhere between Aquileia and Venice.
Overland Routes
Richard now had to consider overland routes, which presented as many hazards as the sea routes. Travel west meant traversing the Kingdom of Italy (ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry VI), treacherous passages through the Alps, and the lands of King Philip of France. The northeast route would take the returning crusaders through lands subject to Henry VI, and Leopold, Duke of Austria. In every direction, Richard was faced with enemies or inhospitable terrain.
King Philip was no doubt delighted by Toulouse's actions. Philip – supposedly Richard's ally in the Holy Land – had returned to France after Acre surrendered to the Crusaders in July 1191. He had invaded Richard's lands in Normandy and stirred rebellion amongst Richard's barons while Richard marched towards Jerusalem. Richard had also jilted Philip's sister Alys to marry Berengaria of Navarre in 1191.
Henry VI had no love for Richard. His wife Constance had a strong claim to the throne of Sicily following the death of Richard's brother-in-law William II. But Richard had supported Tancred's accession there. Henry had also fought against another of Richard's brothers-in-law, Henry of Saxony. And he was an ally of Duke Leopold of Austria, whom Richard had insulted after the siege of Acre. Highly offended when Richard ordered the removal of his banners, which had been raised above the city walls, Leopold returned to Austria.
Three hundred miles of enemy territory. Could Richard and his 20 companions make for Bohemia, a country whose ruler was no friend of Henry VI? From there, Richard could go to Saxony where his brother-in-law Henry the Lion ruled. Safe passage to an English port on the North Sea would be assured.
Recognizing the higher western range of Alps presented a formidable barrier in the winter, Richard and his companions traveled northeast through the territory of Meinhard II of Gorza, an ally of Henry VI and nephew of Conrad of Montferrat. Montferrat, also cousin to Leopold of Austria, had been a claimant to the throne of the Kingdom of Jerusalem whom Richard did not support. Richard had been accused of arranging his murder in the Holy Land.
Traveling Incognito
Richard had disguised himself as a merchant, but acting the part did not come naturally. His large retinue spent lavishly and attracted the attention of the locals. And Richard's reputation and looks – 6'5" with reddish-gold hair – set him apart from most men. To keep Henry VI and Leopold off his scent, Richard agreed that the majority of his party would stay behind in the town of Friesach. Eight of his knights were captured, but Richard and two companions, William de l'Etang and a German-speaking boy he had hired, escaped. At one point, they raced almost 150 miles in 3 days. Fifty miles from the safety of the Moravian border, Richard stopped in the Vienna suburb of Erdburg. Ill with fever and exhausted by his ordeals, he was unable to go any further until he rested.
Unfortunately, the German boy raised suspicions when he went out for food on three successive days. His manner and his dress, which included a fine pair of Richard's gloves, were reported to Henry VI's secret police. The boy was questioned. Whether he led soldiers to Richard or told them his location under torture is not clear. And the circumstances of Richard's seizure are also disputed. Most historians agree he was abed with fever, but gossip that he was caught basting a chicken in the kitchen of Erdburg inn also flourished. A chef wearing a large signet ring would have been highly unusual, but it certainly makes for great fiction!
The contemporary chronicles report that Richard refused to surrender to the soldiers who came for him, and insisted he would give himself up only to Duke Leopold. Leopold imprisoned Richard at Durnstein Castle. Though the Pope had declared safe passage for men who had taken the Cross, that did not deter Richard's enemies. Philip of France, Henry VI, and Leopold of Austria – their hatred for the King of England must have been intense for them to risk excommunication. Leopold turned Richard over to Henry VI, and reports of machinations between Philip and Henry VI continued over the course of about 13 months. In a letter written shortly after Richard was in Henry VI's hands, Henry writes Philip:
The roads, however, being watched, and guards set on every side, our dearly-beloved cousin Leopold, duke of Austria, captured the king so often mentioned, in an humble house in the vicinity of Vienna. Inasmuch as he [i.e., Richard] is now in our power, and has always done his utmost for your annoyance and disturbance, what we now have above stated we have thought proper to notify to your nobleness, knowing that the same is well pleasing to your kindly affection for us, and will afford most abundant joy to your own feelings.
King Philip also conspired with Richard's brother John, Count of Mortain and Lord of Ireland, offering Henry VI more silver to keep Richard imprisoned while John secured his hold on England. Eventually, in February 1194, Richard was released for the ransom of 150,000 marks.
De Hoveden, R. (1853). The annals of Roger de Hoveden, comprising the history of England and of other countries of Europe from A. D. 732 to A. D. 1201. (Henry T. Riley, Trans.). London: H. G. Bohn.
Gillingham, J. (1978). Richard the Lionheart. New York: Times Books.
McLynn, F. (2006). Lionheart and Lackland: King Richard, King John and the wars of conquest. London: Jonathan Cape.
Nicholson, H., & Stubbs, W., trans. (1997). Chronicle of the third crusade : A translation of the itinerarium peregrinorum et gesta regis ricardi. Aldershot, Hants, England ; Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate.
Painting of Richard the Lionheart by Merry-Joseph Blondel in Wikimedia Commons. Public Domain.
Map of the Holy Roman Empire is c2014 Dennis Lukowski, commissioned by the author and used with the artist's permission.
A version of this post first appeared on Charlene Newcomb's blog on 20 December 2014. This version is from the EHFA Archives, published December 23, 2015.
Charlene Newcomb published Swords of the King (Book III of her Battle Scars series) in 2018. This 12th century historical adventure series is filled with war, political intrigue, and a knightly romance of forbidden love set during the reign of Richard the Lionheart.
Visit Charlene's website: http://charlenenewcomb.com. Find her on Facebook and Twitter.
Book links: Amazon
Labels: 12th Century, King Richard I of England, Philip Augustus, Richard I, Third Crusade
Never miss a post on English Historical Fiction Authors. Enjoy this week's round-up.
Advice from a Lady of Distinction
Heroes of the Dark Ages - Who's yours?
Labels: Editor's Weekly Round Up, Maria Grace, Matthew Harffy
If I were to ask a group of people to name a hero from the Early Medieval period, the era more commonly known as the Dark Ages, who do you think they might mention? Alfred the Great perhaps? After all, he is the only king to be known as "Great" that Britain has ever produced.
Some might go with that famous warrior king from the end of the period, Harold Godwinson. He will forever be known to all British schoolchildren as the man who rather clumsily got an arrow in his eye at the Battle of Hastings on that most famous of dates, 1066.
Harold has something in his eye on the Bayeux Tapestry
Some people, unsure of what is fact and what is fiction, might even give King Arthur a plug. Now, we don't even know whether Arthur really existed, and we certainly don't have any facts about his life or who he was even if we believe he is not purely fictional. And yet, his name is synonymous with Britishness and the distant mist-veiled days of the Dark Ages. He is "the once and future king" who will return to rid us of an invading army when the land most needs him.
A watery tart lobs a sword at Arthur
People who are more knowledgeable of the period's history, and who are more inclined to turn to learning rather than battle-glory as a sign of greatness, might well mention The Venerable Bede, the Northumbrian monk and scholar who wrote much of what is known of the history of Britain up to his death in the 8th century.
Bede - the grandfather of British history
If they are really into their seventh century history, people might say their hero is King Penda of Mercia, or King Oswald (later Saint Oswald) of Northumbria, but I think those people would be few and far between.
What I can guarantee is that nobody would say that their hero of the Early Medieval period is King Sigebehrt of East Anglia. Well, perhaps I can't guarantee it, but if someone voted for him, you can be sure they would belong to an extremely niche crowd!
However, to his people, Sigebehrt was every bit the hero.
St. Felix and King Sigebehrt
King Sigebehrt of East Anglia (known later also as Saint Sigebehrt, following his ***SPOILER ALERT*** martyrdom ***SPOILER ALERT***), had been the epitome of the warrior kings of the Anglo-Saxons.
You may well be thinking that it's no wonder you haven't heard of some ancient king of a small area of modern-day England. But back in the 7th century, East Anglia was a big deal. It was one of the most powerful kingdoms of Britain, perhaps the most powerful for a time. Indeed, it was powerful enough for its king, Rædwald, to be called by Bede 'Rex Anglorum' (King of the Angles, which makes him sound like he was great at trigonometry, but remember that the Angles were the Germanic tribe who gave their name to what would eventually become England). Rædwald was not only able to rule over all the Angles, but also to put those he favoured on the thrones of other kingdoms, as he did with King Edwin of Northumbria.
Replica of the Sutton Hoo helmet
Rædwald is probably the noble buried in the ship beneath the famous mound at Sutton Hoo, and it is likely that Sigebehrt was either his stepson or his nephew. Whatever his relationship to the great king, Sigebehrt was part of the dynasty of the Wuffingas, the ruling family of East Anglia for many decades.
Little is known about Sigebehrt's early life, save that he was exiled from East Anglia to France. Exile was common at the time for nobles with a claim to the throne. It certainly beats death! In France he became a Christian and was in fact the first English monarch to be baptised before his succession to the throne.
Upon the assassination of Rædwald's son, Eorpwald, Sigebehrt returned to take the throne of East Anglia. Nothing is known about how he did this, but given the violence prevalent at the time and the fact his prowess in battle was later chronicled, it seems likely he had to fight his way to the top. That he was a Christian wouldn't have hurt his prospects either, what with Edwin of Northumbria and Eadbald of Kent both having converted to Christianity and having ties to the Frankish rulers, who may well have aided Sigeberht to take the crown.
However he managed it, he was the king by 629 and he promptly went about setting things in motion that would cement Christianity's place in the kingdom. During his stay in France, Sigeberht had been impressed by the learning found in the religious schools on the Continent. So, after setting up a Burgundian missionary, Felix (yet another Saint!), as Bishop of Dommoc (possibly Dunwich), Sigeberht then secured the future of the Church by establishing a school, based on the model that he had witnessed in France, where boys could be taught reading and writing in Latin.
Saint Fursey (not sure which one he is!)
Furthering the Church's influence in his kingdom, he then granted the Irish hermit Fursey (yes, another Saint!), a monastery site called Cnobheresburg, most commonly identified as Burgh Castle, near Great Yarmouth.
If it sounds as though Sigebehrt was obsessed with learning and the Church, you wouldn't be wrong. He was clearly much more interested in the Church than in governing and being a warlord king of the people of East Anglia. We know this, because a few years after attaining the throne, he abdicates power to Ecgric, another of the Wuffingas dynasty, whereby he promptly retires to his monastery at Beodricesworth (Bury St Edmunds).
Now this is where the story gets really interesting, and what drew me to the character in the first place.
In 636 or thereabouts, that most successful of pagan warlords of the age, Penda of Mercia, attacked East Anglia. For some reason the people didn't think Ecgric was up to the task of defending them, so they went to Beodricesworth and dragged their erstwhile king, Sigebehrt, out from his monastery, that he might save them from the invading Mercians.
Well, the peaceful, Christian Sigebehrt refused to fight, but his ex-subjects were having none of it and he was forced onto the battlefield unarmed and unarmoured to lead his people. I won't give you details of what happened, but let's just say that a robe and a cross are not great protection against spears and swords! And you already know he becomes Saint Sigebehrt, after his ***SPOILER ALERT*** martyrdom ***SPOILER ALERT***, so join the dots!
Battles are never pretty
Sigebehrt, might not be the most famous of kings of the Early Medieval period, but he was certainly influential in securing the Church in East Anglia, and his life was definitely interesting enough to spark inspiration in me to write a novel featuring him and his unfortunate end. And if being brave enough to step into the chaos and havoc of a Medieval battlefield without weapons or armour doesn't make you heroic, I don't know what does!
Who is your Dark Ages hero or heroine? Leave a comment below. I'd love to read your thoughts.
Matthew Harffy is the author of the Bernicia Chronicles, a series of novels set in seventh century Britain. KILLER OF KINGS, which features Sigebehrt, Ecgric and the battle with Penda is now available in hardback, e-book and audio.
The other books in the series, The Serpent Sword, The Cross and the Curse, Blood and Blade and Warrior of Woden are available on Amazon, Kobo, Google Play, and all good bookstores.
Website: www.matthewharffy.com
Twitter: @MatthewHarffy
Facebook: MatthewHarffyAuthor
King Alfred: Odejea [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)]
King Arthur: Newell Convers Wyeth [Public domain]
Death of Harold: Myrabella [Public domain or CC0], from Wikimedia Commons
The Venerable Bede: The original uploader was Timsj at English Wikipedia. [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Stained glass, Old Felixstowe Church: Copyright Andrew Hill
Sutton Hoo helmet: British Museum [CC BY-SA 2.5 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5) or Public domain]
Saint Fursey: Public Domain
La victoire de Tullus Hostilius sur les forces de Veies et de Fidena ---- Giuseppe Cesari [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Posted by Matthew Harffy at 12:01 AM 13 comments
Labels: 1066, 7th Century, Christiantiy, dark ages, East Anglia, Harold Godwinson, King Alfred, King Edwin, King Penda, Penda, Sutton Hoo
Clothing made a (Wo)man
Ackermann's 1809
During the Regency era, fairly strict rules defined how a lady of quality should dress according to the time of day and her anticipated activities. Theoretically, one wore Undress in the morning, Half-dress in the afternoon, and Full Dress for (formal) evening events. If it sounds like a gentlewoman had to change clothes several times a day, you'd be right. To be active in society, a Regency era lady had to have the right garment for the right occasion, and that added up to a lot of gowns (and corresponding expense.)
Unfortunately wearing the wrong sort of gown at the wrong time could be a devastating social blunder. Ladies (and gentlemen) were judged by their dress. If you did not dress properly, it was a sure statement about your fortune (or lack thereof) and your place in society. In a very real sense, a man or woman was made by their appearance, for better or worse.
Given the very negative impact dressing improperly could have on a young lady in society, one could hardly blame said young ladies and their mothers for seeking advice from those who might know better than themselves. Enter 'A Lady of Distinction', the esteemed authoress of The Mirror of Graces (1811). This unnamed woman (women publishing anonymously was common in the era) says of herself in the preface:
These pages were not intentionally at first written for publication, but originally composed by the desire of some female friends, who live at a remote part of the west of England; and who, aware of her consummate knowledge of the world, and experience in all that is honourable in the art of captivation, had applied to her for certain directions on the subject. She indulgently complied with their request, and in the elegant treatise we now present to our readers, gratified her friends with as fine a lesson on PERSONAL and MENTAL accomplishments as could ever flow from the experienced and delicate pen of a woman of VIRTUE and of TASTE.
What better recommendations to heed her advice could we have? Moving on…
Importance of good taste
While good taste has always been, well good, in just about every era, it took on a moral aspect during the Regency era that has a lot in common with a lot of modern standards about dress. We might raise an eyebrow, or comment unfavorably upon the lady who shows up to the grocery store in her pajamas, and some would go so far as to condemn her character for it. The Regency era was just a judgemental, perhaps even more so
1809 Ackermann's Walking Dress
In the words of A Lady of Distinction:
Fine taste in apparel I have ever seen the companion of pure morals, while a licentious style of dress is as certainly the token of the like laxity in manners and conduct. To correct this dangerous fashion ought to be the study and attempt of every mother, of every daughter, of every woman…p. 19
…I beg leave to observe, that I never yet met with a woman whose general style of dress was chaste, elegant, and appropriate, that I did not find, on further acquaintance, to be in disposition and mind, an object to admire and love. P 63-64
Effectively, the taste with which a woman dressed herself was a reflection of her morals, her character, and to some degree her virtue as well. As if deciding what wear wasn't tough enough to start with!
Attention to one's station in life, and not trying to leave that sphere to which she was born (as Lady Catherine was wont to say) reflected good morality as well. Upward mobility as we understand it today was considered inappropriate at best and vulgar at worst.
As there is a proprietary in adapting your dress to the different seasons of your life, and the peculiar character of your figure, there is likewise a necessity that it should correspond with the station you hold in society.
This is a subject not less of a moral concern than it is a matter of taste. … It is not from a proud wish to confine elegance to persons of quality that I contend for less extravagant habits in the middle and lower orders of people: it is a conviction of the evil which their vanity produces that impels me to condemn in toto the present levelling and expensive mode. P.85
Apparently A Lady's fear was that spending too much money on clothing and the like would drive a poorer family into ruin and thus reflected bad character and moral. Because of course, those of the lower orders could not make intelligent and informed decisions on how to spend their income. I have a hunch that, though she does not say it, there is also a concern that a girl from the lower orders might be mistaken for one of higher rank or station and some poor young man might extend his attentions to the undeserving girl he might meet at a public assembly.
Dress According to Your Age
1809 Ackermann's- Dancing Dress
In addition to dressing for one's station, one must also dress according to one's age. A Lady of Distinction does not mince words in making a distinction between what is appropriate for young ladies versus older matrons. She says:
In the spring of youth, when all is lovely and gay, then, as the soft green, sparkling in freshness, bedecks the earth; so, light and transparent robes, of tender colours, should adorn the limbs of the young beauty … Her summer evening dress may be of a gossamer texture; but it must still preserve the same simplicity, though its gracefully-diverging folds may fall like the mantle of Juno…In this dress, her arms, and part of her neck and bosom may be unveiled: but only part. The eye of maternal decorum should draw the virgin zone to the limit where modesty would bid it rest." P71
Where in doubt may be about this or that hue being becoming or genteel (as it is very possible it may neither be the one nor the other), let the puzzled beauty leave both, and securely array herself in simple white. That primeval hue never offends, and frequently is the most graceful robe that youth and loveliness can wear. P. 122
In contrast, by the time a woman sees her thirtieth birthday (which by the standards of the day was approaching what we would consider middle age), she should be reconsidering her mode of dress:
As the lovely of my sex advance towards the vale of years, I counsel them to assume a graver habit and a less vivacious air. Cheerfulness is becoming at all times of life; but sportiveness belongs to youth alone' and when the meridian or decline of our days affects it is every heavy and out of place … At this period she lays aside the flowers of youth, and arrays herself in the majesty of sobriety, or in the grandeur of simple magnificence… Long is the reign of this commanding epoch of a woman's age; for from thirty to fifty she may most respectably maintain her station on this throne of matron excellence." P 81
Our authoress actually has quite a bit to say about how disgusting and inappropriate it is for an 'older' woman to seek to draw attention to her appearance as might be appropriate for a younger woman. To have men pay attention to her appearance was regarded vulgar and repulsive. Modesty was the name of the game for the matron of the Regency era.
Not unlike today, the amount of skin to be shown in the name of fashion invited some very strongly worded commentary.
Custom regulates the veiling or unveiling the figure, according to different periods in the day. In the morning the arms and bosom must be completely covered to the throat and wrists. From the dinner hour to the termination of the day, the arms, to a graceful height above the elbow may be bare; and the neck and shoulders unveiled as far as delicacy will allow. P. 95
1809 Ackermann's Although the focus is
to be on the hats,
notice the neckline and the gloves.
Just how much unveiling delicacy allowed might be a bit debatable. Apparently it was not an absolute degree of exposure, but also related to the 'charms' of the beauty being exposed.
To the exposure of the bosom and back, as some ladies display those parts of their person, what shall we say? This mode (like every other which is carried to excess and indiscriminately followed) is not only repugnant to decency, but most exceedingly disadvantageous to the charms of nine women out of ten. … When a woman, grown to the age of discretion for her own choice: unveils her beauties to the sun and moon;" then, from even an Helen's charms the sated eye turns away loathing. … Were we even, in a frantic and impious passion, to set virtue aside, policy should direct out damsels to be more sparing of their attractions. An unrestrained indulgence of the eye robs imagination of her power, and prevents her consequent influence on the heart. And if this be the case where real beauty is exposed how much more subversive of its aim must be the studied display of an ordinary or deformed figure! pp92-93
If the prevailing fashion be to reject the long sleeve, and to partially display the arm, let the glove advance considerably above the elbow, and there be fastened with a drawing string or armlet. But this should only be the case when the arm is muscular, coarse or scraggy. When it is fair, smooth and rounds, it will admit of the glove being pushed down to a little above the wrists. p. 130
So immodesty was even worse for a plain woman than an attractive one—who knew?
So there you have it, to be perceived as a woman of virtue and taste was no simple feat. Good taste had to be acquired—probably by studying tomes such as The Mirror of Graces along with fashion magazines like Ackermann's Repository. One needed to dress according to her age and her station in life, keeping in mind both her own physical assets and appropriate modesty while realizing one's entire future could rest upon making the right impression on the local society. No pressure right?
Regency Etiquette: The Mirror of Graces (1811). Enl. ed. Mendocino, CA: R.L. Shep;, 1997.
Though Maria Grace has been writing fiction since she was ten years old, those early efforts happily reside in a file drawer and are unlikely to see the light of day again, for which many are grateful.
After penning five file-drawer novels in high school, she took a break from writing to pursue college and earn her doctorate. After 16 years of university teaching, she returned to her first love, fiction writing.
Click here to find her books on Amazon. For more on her writing and other Random Bits of Fascination, visit her website. You can also like her on Facebook, or follow on Twitter.
Labels: advice, British regency era, English Regency, Fashion, good taste, regency
Editors Weekly Round-up, December 9, 2018
How Cnut Established Himself as Full King in England
The Women who Worked for SOE
by Hilary Green
Labels: Annie Whitehead, Editor's Weekly Round Up, Hilary Green
Nearly one thousand years ago*, in November 1016, Cnut became king of England. How did he establish himself, a foreigner, with full authority?
For a contemporary account of the reign of Aethelred II, it is natural to look to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. In it, we find the closing years of the reign fraught with difficulties; those of fending off Danish raiders. It would be easy to agree with the Chronicler who, writing with hindsight, concludes that the slide towards Danish rule in England was inevitable. The payment of the Danegeld might at first sight seem like sheer folly, yet the policy appears in the short term to have worked.
Aethelred's problem was that paying off one Viking force would not necessarily keep another one away from his shores. The Chronicler blames the military failure of the English on the cowardice of the military leaders. But while the squabble between Brihtric and Wulfnoth caused the loss of a hundred ships in 1009, we also know that Brihtnoth's actions at the Battle of Maldon in 991 were those of courage and loyalty, that the army of 1009 left in 1010 without tribute, and that Aethelred was assured of the loyalty of Ulfcytel in East Anglia.
King Aethelred II
If things were not as bad before 1009 as the Chronicler would have us believe, there is little doubt that the armies of Swein Forkbeard (Cnut's father) widened any existing cracks in the morale of the English. Within a year, Swein had established himself as full king. But with his death in 1014, the Witan (king's council) sent to Normandy for Aethelred, and accepted him back as their king "if he would govern them more justly than before." In the same year, Aethelred's ravaging of Lindsey drove Cnut's forces away. With further hindsight than the Chronicler had to offer, and perhaps with less bias, it is probably fair to say that it was far from inevitable that Cnut would succeed Aethelred as king of the English. We must, therefore, look elsewhere to find the reasons for his ultimate success.
It is hard to find a source which places emphasis on the military prowess of Cnut; most in fact, praise his piety and generosity to the Church. He was driven back to Denmark in 1014, and his reputation as a warrior must have suffered as a result. So his success in England must be attributed to something other than military superiority. While it might be rash to say that luck was on Cnut's side, there is no doubt that circumstances helped him a great deal.
King Cnut
Before he left Denmark, Cnut was allowed by his brother King Harald to raise an army. He was fortunate to have the support of Eric of Hlathir, who had played a great part in the overthrow of Olaf Tryggvason, and who was to prove invaluable to Cnut in England. Before Cnut set sail, he was joined by Thorkell the Tall**. It is possible that Thorkell was seeking revenge for the death of his brother at the hands of the English, although it is possible, but not universally accepted among historians, that this revenge was sought earlier, and was, in fact, the reason for Thorkell's invasion of England in 1009. Whatever his reason, Thorkell's presence was a bonus for Cnut; he now had with him an accomplished warrior who knew England and the English.
The champion of English resistance was Aethelred's son, Edmund Ironside. He had procured the support of the Danelaw by marrying the widow of Sigeferth, murdered by Eadric Streona (ealdorman of Mercia) probably at the behest of Aethelred. Cnut could not, therefore, be certain that the Danes in England would submit to him, and he landed in the south and began ravaging Wessex. Edmund and Eadric were raising forces, but they separated before they met the enemy. Eadric joined Cnut, and within four months Cnut was in firm control of Wessex and had the resources of the Mercian ealdormanry at his command.
Edmund Ironside
Cnut was aided elsewhere in England by Edmund's troubles. His army in the Danelaw dispersed after demanding that the London militia should join them. Having lost his opportunity here, Edmund joined forces with Uhtred of Bamburgh. Cnut was quick to seize the chance he had been given and invaded the Danelaw, whence he proceeded towards Northumbria. Uhtred hurried back from the midlands and submitted to Cnut. Soon afterwards he was murdered, and Northumbria was left in the capable hands of Eric of Hlathir. Cnut was free now to turn his attention to the south east.
Edmund had joined his father in London, and when Aethelred died in 1016 the men of London chose Edmund as his successor. Within a few days of Aethelred's death, however, a more representative assembly at Southampton swore fealty to Cnut in return for a promise of good government. Cnut was again helped by Eadric Streona's amazing capacity to vacillate. He went over to Edmund's side, and then took flight during the definitive Battle of Ashingdon. Cnut, as victor, came to terms with Edmund, and the result was a division of the kingdom. Edmund was given Wessex, and the rest of the country beyond the Thames Cnut took for himself. This was obviously a dangerous situation, in which conflict could easily flare up again. As Stenton pointed out, it imposed a divided allegiance on all those noblemen who held land in both Mercia and Wessex. [1] But circumstances once again favoured Cnut when, less than two months after the Battle of Ashingdon, Edmund Ironside died, and the West Saxons accepted Cnut as their king.
King of all England now, Cnut was by no means secure in his position. Good fortune and opportunity had helped him thus far; now he had to rely on his judgement and ability. He eliminated any chance that Richard of Normandy might support the claims of Aethelred's children by Emma, by marrying the lady himself. For military rather than administrative reasons he divided the kingdom into four: Wessex he controlled himself, Eadric Streona was appointed to Mercia, East Anglia went to Thorkell, and Eric of Hlathir remained in Northumbria. In the same year, 1017, the atheling Eadwig was exiled and subsequently murdered. The Anglo-Saxon aristocracy also lost at least four of its prominent members, among them Eadric Streona. ('Streona' means 'The Grasper' or the 'Acquisitive' and the name first appeared in Hemming's Cartulary, an 11th-century manuscript, pictured below.)
Cnut set out to win the respect of the English church, and in this he was successful, being fully prepared to accept the traditional responsibility of being an agent of God with the duty to protect his people. He claimed to be occupying a throne to which he had been chosen at Gainsborough in 1014, and at Southampton in 1016. Though in reality much was changed during his reign, Cnut sought to establish himself by emphasising the importance of continuity. There was not such a large scale change in land ownership as was to occur in 1066, nor was there a great change in the personnel within the leadership of the Church. Archbishop Wulfstan drew up Cnut's lawcodes drawing on those he'd written for Aethelred. The lawcodes themselves stressed continuity; very little in them was new.
Cnut (top centre)
Before the end of 1017, with Eadric Streona dead, and the alliance with Normandy secured, Cnut dismissed his fleet, retaining only forty ships. Its dismissal showed that henceforth he intended to rule as the chosen king of the English. At a council at Oxford it was agreed that the laws of Edgar (Aethelred's father, whose reign of 959 to 975 was already beginning to be looked upon as a golden age) should be observed.
In 1018 the military rule was relaxed. Two earldoms were re-established in Wessex, and in Mercia the earldoms of Herefordshire and Worcestershire were re-established. Stenton says that it was then that Cnut's reign began in earnest. [2] But throughout his reign the presence of the huscarls (housecarls) and the distribution of the heregeld (military tax) to them made it difficult for the English to forget that they were being ruled by a conquering alien king. There is no doubt though that by this point Cnut had established himself, for afterwards he felt sufficiently secure to leave the country in four separate expeditions to the north.
Cnut had invaded a vulnerable country in 1015, a country which was war-torn and weary. There were no clear dividing lines of loyalty; Edmund's army included Danes, Cnut's included Englishmen. There can be no doubt that Cnut benefited considerably from the untrustworthiness of Eadric Streona, and from the dispersal of Edmund's army in the Danelaw. For Cnut, the death of Edmund Ironside was nothing short of a blessing. Thereafter, his success rested on the fact that he did not conspicuously behave as a conqueror, stressing the importance of continuity, and keeping to the path that the pious King Edgar had trodden.
King Edgar
This emphasis must have taken attention away from the changes his reign brought about. Keeping his military forces for less than a year Cnut reduced feeling among the English that they were a conquered people. Cnut made good use of his opportunities. By 1018 he had successfully established himself as full king of the English.
[1] Anglo-Saxon England - FM Stenton p387
[2] Op cit p 393
**Some historians, Campbell among them, argue that Thorkell did not join Cnut until 1016/17
Further reading/Bibliography:
The Anglo-Saxon Age - DJV Fisher
The Laws of Cnut & The History of Anglo-Saxon Royal Promises - P Stafford in Anglo-Saxon England 10
Encomium Emmae Reginae - Ed Campbell
The Chronicle of Thietmar of Merseberg EHD
The Sermon of the wolf to the English " "
King Edgar and the Danelaw - Niels Lund, Med Scand 9
The Diplomas of Aethelred the Unready - Simon Keynes
Wulfstan and the Laws of Cnut - D Whitelock EHR 63
(all the above images are in the public domain)
*This article is an Editor's Choice and was originally published September 19, 2016
Annie Whitehead is an author and historian, and a member of the Royal Historical Society. She has written three award-winning novels set in Anglo-Saxon Mercia. Her history of Mercia, from Penda the pagan king to the last brave stand of the earl of Mercia against the Conqueror, Mercia: The Rise and Fall of a Kingdom, is published by Amberley.
Find out more at www.anniewhiteheadauthor.co.uk
Posted by Annie Whitehead at 12:00 AM 0 comments
Labels: Aethelred the Unready, Annie Whitehead, Cnut, Eadric Streona, Emma of Normandy, King Edgar, Richard of Normandy, Sir Frank Stenton, The Danelaw, Thorkell the Tall, Wulfstan
Richard the Lionheart's Ordeal, October - December...


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Wayfair - Get News & Ratings Daily
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Algonquin Power & Utilities (NYSE:AQN) Rating Increased to Buy at Zacks Investment Research
Wayfair Inc (W) Insider Steven Conine Sells 26,464 Shares
April 11th, 2019 - Comments Off on Wayfair Inc (W) Insider Steven Conine Sells 26,464 Shares - Filed Under - by Micah Haroldson
Filed Under: Insider Trades - Investing
Wayfair Inc (NYSE:W) insider Steven Conine sold 26,464 shares of the business's stock in a transaction on Monday, April 8th. The stock was sold at an average price of $150.21, for a total transaction of $3,975,157.44. Following the completion of the sale, the insider now owns 34,580 shares in the company, valued at approximately $5,194,261.80. The sale was disclosed in a legal filing with the Securities & Exchange Commission, which is accessible through this hyperlink.
Steven Conine also recently made the following trade(s):
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On Monday, March 25th, Steven Conine sold 31,000 shares of Wayfair stock. The stock was sold at an average price of $161.42, for a total transaction of $5,004,020.00.
On Monday, March 4th, Steven Conine sold 31,000 shares of Wayfair stock. The stock was sold at an average price of $165.76, for a total transaction of $5,138,560.00.
On Monday, February 4th, Steven Conine sold 14,000 shares of Wayfair stock. The stock was sold at an average price of $111.25, for a total transaction of $1,557,500.00.
On Tuesday, January 22nd, Steven Conine sold 4,000 shares of Wayfair stock. The stock was sold at an average price of $97.99, for a total transaction of $391,960.00.
On Monday, January 14th, Steven Conine sold 4,000 shares of Wayfair stock. The stock was sold at an average price of $94.38, for a total transaction of $377,520.00.
NYSE W opened at $146.94 on Thursday. The stock has a market capitalization of $13.16 billion, a PE ratio of -26.19 and a beta of 2.03. Wayfair Inc has a 12 month low of $60.53 and a 12 month high of $173.72.
Wayfair (NYSE:W) last posted its quarterly earnings results on Friday, February 22nd. The company reported ($1.12) EPS for the quarter, topping the Zacks' consensus estimate of ($1.80) by $0.68. The company had revenue of $2.01 billion during the quarter, compared to the consensus estimate of $1.97 billion. The company's revenue for the quarter was up 40.0% on a year-over-year basis. During the same quarter in the previous year, the company posted ($0.58) earnings per share. On average, research analysts predict that Wayfair Inc will post -7.81 EPS for the current year.
W has been the topic of a number of analyst reports. Zacks Investment Research cut shares of Wayfair from a "buy" rating to a "hold" rating in a research report on Monday, February 11th. Canaccord Genuity reiterated a "buy" rating and set a $175.00 price objective (up previously from $130.00) on shares of Wayfair in a research report on Monday, February 25th. Gordon Haskett upgraded shares of Wayfair from a "hold" rating to an "accumulate" rating in a research report on Thursday, March 21st. Wedbush boosted their price objective on shares of Wayfair from $100.00 to $120.00 and gave the company a "neutral" rating in a research report on Monday, February 25th. Finally, Buckingham Research boosted their price objective on shares of Wayfair from $130.00 to $175.00 and gave the company a "buy" rating in a research report on Monday, February 25th. Two research analysts have rated the stock with a sell rating, twelve have issued a hold rating, eleven have assigned a buy rating and one has assigned a strong buy rating to the company. The stock currently has an average rating of "Hold" and an average price target of $144.63.
Hedge funds and other institutional investors have recently bought and sold shares of the company. Allen Investment Management LLC grew its holdings in shares of Wayfair by 8.7% in the fourth quarter. Allen Investment Management LLC now owns 1,245,000 shares of the company's stock worth $112,150,000 after purchasing an additional 100,000 shares during the last quarter. Legal & General Group Plc grew its holdings in shares of Wayfair by 32.9% in the third quarter. Legal & General Group Plc now owns 34,190 shares of the company's stock worth $5,049,000 after purchasing an additional 8,466 shares during the last quarter. Raymond James Financial Services Advisors Inc. grew its holdings in shares of Wayfair by 1.1% in the fourth quarter. Raymond James Financial Services Advisors Inc. now owns 12,182 shares of the company's stock worth $1,097,000 after purchasing an additional 135 shares during the last quarter. Paloma Partners Management Co bought a new position in shares of Wayfair in the third quarter worth about $500,000. Finally, Virtu Financial LLC bought a new position in shares of Wayfair in the fourth quarter worth about $259,000. Hedge funds and other institutional investors own 80.81% of the company's stock.
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Wayfair Company Profile
Wayfair Inc engages in the e-commerce business in the United States, Europe, and internationally. It provides approximately 14 million products for the home sector under various brands. The company offers selection of furniture, décor, decorative accents, housewares, seasonal décor, and other home goods through its sites, including Wayfair, Joss & Main, AllModern, Birch Lane, and Perigold.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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COVID-19: Expect 15m malnutrition cases in 2020 - ITREALMS
An estimated 15.4 million cases of acute malnutrition in children under five years old are expected in 2020 in West and Central Africa, follows the COVID-19 pandemic, reports ITREALMS.
This figure, ITREALMS reported that one third of them from its most severe form if adequate measures are not put in place now, warned the United Nations Children's Funds (UNICEF) and the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP).
This represents a 20 per cent increase from earlier estimates, in January 2020, according to an analysis of the combined impact of food insecurity and COVID-19 on acute malnutrition in 19 countries of the region.
Conflict and armed violence have led to massive population displacements and drastically limited access to basic social services, leading child malnutrition to increase to unprecedented levels. The coronavirus disease is exacerbating fragile contexts in West and Central Africa, such as in the Sahel region across Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, Niger and Senegal, which were already stricken with food insecurity and malnutrition. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, 4.5 million cases were anticipated to suffer from acute malnutrition in 2020, in these 6 countries. Today, with growing insecurity and COVID-19, that number has jumped to almost 5.4 million.
"Children suffering from severe acute malnutrition are at higher risk of COVID-19-related complications. Whereas, good nutrition for children, starting from their early days, protects them against illnesses and infections, and supports their recovery when they become ill," said Marie-Pierre Poirier, UNICEF Regional Director for West and Central Africa. "Ensuring the continuity of preventive and lifesaving health and nutrition services, building shock-responsive social protection systems, protecting livelihoods and supporting families' access to water, hygiene and healthy food are critical for child survival and long-term development."
Several factors threaten the nutritional status of children under five in West and Central Africa. These include household food insecurity, poor maternal nutrition and infant feeding practices, conflicts and armed violence, population displacement, high levels of childhood illnesses and water-borne diseases such as diarrhea, fragile health systems, poor access to clean water and sanitation, and chronic poverty.
Adding to these malnutrition aggravating factors, COVID-19 pandemic containment measures have led to disruptions in food production and distribution, in health and humanitarian supply chains, as well as a slow-down of economic activities. The pandemic has had indirect negative impacts on food systems, households' income and food security, and the provision of treatment against malnutrition. This makes it more difficult for populations to maintain healthy diets, optimal infant and young child feeding practices, and hinders their access to essential nutrition services.
"Thousands of families will be unable to provide their children with the nutritious food needed for their proper growth and development," said Chris Nikoi, WFP Regional Director for West and Central Africa. "We must work together to improve access to nutritious foods and ensure that there are strong preventive actions that protect children from falling into the vicious trap of malnutrition and sickness."
WFP and UNICEF are working with governments and partners to ensure the continuation of essential services. Together, they deliver an integrated package of care focused on the prevention and treatment of acute malnutrition and empower communities for the provision of basic services.
In northern Mali, for example, WFP and UNICEF are joining their efforts and resources to treat and prevent maternal and child malnutrition and reinforce good feeding practices. This includes screening of children for malnutrition. The screening is part of an initiative that promotes early detection of malnutrition in children by mothers and families, using a Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) screening tape. In addition, it allows for the referral of moderate and severe acute malnutrition cases to health facilities, supported by both agencies. Prevention activities include sensitization sessions on infant and young child feeding practices, supported by UNICEF and complemented by the provision of vouchers to women to exchange for nutritious foods available in the market, facilitated by WFP.
Nenye Dom/Editor


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Rachel Sussman in Conversation with Maria Popova
Beatrice Theatre
Event hosted by: SVA's Dear Dave Magazine
Rachel Sussman (BFA 1998 Photography) discusses her epic 10-year project, The Oldest Living Things in the World, with Maria Popova, a writer, blogger and critic known for her blog, BrainPickings.org, followed by a book signing and reception. Presented by Dear Dave magazine.
This exclusive launch offers early access to The Oldest Living Things in the World, and is the only place it is available before the official publication date of Earth Day, April 22, 2014. Sussman researched, worked with biologists and traveled around the world to find living organisms 2,000 years old and older. The book contains 124 photographs, 30 essays, infographics and forewords by Hans-Ulrich Obrist and Carl Zimmer.
Sussman is a contemporary artist based in Brooklyn. Her photographs and writing have been featured in The New York Times, Wall Street Journal, The Guardian, and NPR's Picture Show. She has spoken on the TED main stage and at the Long Now Foundation, is a MacDowell Colony and NYFA Fellow and is a trained member of Al Gore's Climate Reality Leadership Corps. Her first book, The Oldest Living Things in the World (University of Chicago, 2014), will be released on April 22, and a major solo exhibition of the project will open at Pioneer Works in September.
Popova is the founder and editor of Brain Pickings, an inventory of cross-disciplinary interests spanning art, science, design, history, philosophy, psychology and more. She has written for Wired (UK), The Atlantic, Nieman Journalism Lab, The New York Times, Smithsonian and Design Observer, and is an MIT Fellow. She is on Twitter as @brainpicker.
Free and open to the public.


"It looks like a prune—and usually when an olive looks like that it's because it's been cured in lots of layers of salt, but the throuba olive is different," explains Marianna of Oliveology. Indigenous to the Island of Thassos, northern Greece—the only place it can be found, with the variety having been granted PDO (Protected Designated Origin) status—this little black beauty is one of the few olives that can be eaten straight off the tree.
The olives are left to dry naturally on the tree before being handpicked and processed using a traditional, centuries-old method, which involves washing them in mountain spring water and soaking them in unrefined sea salt. Any liquid that comes off is drained, avoiding the absorption of excess salt and resulting in an intense, rich-flavoured olive, with roughly half the salt content of common varieties.


HIGHWAY FRONTAGE. 100' frontage on Highway 50 and Ridgeline Ct. Frontage on 2 streets. Partly cleared. Maybe sub dividable Lots of possibilities. Check with county for all of the possibilities. Owner wants offers!!!


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Q: Need to learn Javascript integration with Salesforce Are there any materials in which I can learn how to do integration with Salesforce api using Javascript?

A: There are tons of examples out there. Take a peek at the AJAX Toolkit for starters, and you can also look at the REST API if you're already familiar with using XMLHttpRequest or you're using some library, like jQuery, that already provides AJAX capabilities.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: In Rimworld, will a fire always destroy your base? Or is there some better way to put fires out in the game? I have been playing the game quite a bit lately and every new colony I create basically ends due to an out of control fire. Is there any way to prevent this or at least an effective means of putting the fires out?

A: Absolutely.
You have a few options so I'll list them in the order that I think is most effective.

*

*If you look in the menu, you should see a zone option, this is usually where you go to create growing areas. There is a zone type in there called "home area". If you click on it you can see your current home area, this area basically specifies the area that you consider your home, as such any cleaning/repairs and fires in this area will be put out. I would recommend putting a home area a few blocks further than your walls to prevent structural damage. The catch with this is only people assigned to the firefighting role in jobs will actually put out fires. Wiki

*Place a ring of non-burnable flooring around your base. This prevents fires from spreading far enough to cause you damage, fires can spread with any grass/plants but can't burn stone. This is arguably the best method but it can be time consuming and resource intensive.

*Using firefoam poppers. These are research unlocked devices that explode when fire touches them, instead of causing further damage it sends out a decent sized circle of foam which instantly puts out fires and prevents more fire from entering those tiles. Wiki
I forgot to mention, you're not barred from using all 3 of the methods described above, if you want to 99% safe then you can implement all 3.

A: *

*Always set firefighting to priority 1.

*Edit your home area to cover everything you want to protect; your colonists won't fight fires outside this area.

*Build stone walls (I used granite, use whatever is most available and not flammable) all around your base. Steel walls burn.

*Add a several meters layer of stone floor around your wall can help too.

*Kill boomrats (and boomalopes) when it's raining. Kill 'em all.

*Don't rely too much on batteries, the more you have, the biggest explosion/fire it creates.

*Firefoam poppers are great too, but costly and need some advanced research. I didn't bother to much with it (except in my boomrat farm of firedeath, for obvious security reasons), the above tips should largely suffice.
Now, depending on the source of your fires, some more techniques can be useful. So what causes fires in the first place ?
--
EDIT : So, it looks like lightning is your main source of fire.
Lightning mostly occurs when it's raining, but sometimes the rain stops a bit early. You can even have dry thunderstorms, and these are a real pain. For the latter, these is not much to do, and the best defense are stone walls (but expect to lose some vegetation around).
However, when you have only one fire still going on after the rain stops, you can deal with it : just follow rule 1 and 2, and expand temporarily your home area on and around the fire. Then select all of your colonists and draft then undraft them to make them stop immediately their job. If you don't, some may finish what they were doing instead of putting out the fire.


The Beach Riot Camilla Top is an adjustable spaghetti strap swim top with underwire cup support and a back hook closure. This top is featured in purple and blue stripe print. Pair with our Purple Stripe Island Bottom.


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Q: Как сделать редирект после подключения аккаунта Metamask?     const ethereumButton = document.querySelector('.enableEthereumButton');
    const showAccount = document.querySelector('.showAccount');

    ethereumButton.addEventListener('click', () => {
      getAccount();
    });

    async function getAccount() {
      const accounts = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' });
      const account = accounts[0];
      showAccount.innerHTML = account;
}

У меня есть Connector к Metamask профилю,  коннект происходит через кнопку:
<button class="enableEthereumButton">Connect Metamask</button>

Как мне реализовать редирект, на определённую странницу только после подключения сайта к Metamask?

A: Заменить строку
  showAccount.innerHTML = account;

на
  location.href = '/metamask-connected';


Re: What are your best money-saving tips ?
i dont smoke cigarettes but if I did, I would probably roll my own to save money.
I have a friend who has a few of those vapor ones and man they smell and taste good. Plus chicks at the bar be like "omg what is that".
Anywho... craigslist.com can save ya money.
buy easy to make things. i buy lettuce and spinach leaves and throw a salad together in the morning.
You are right, it is hard.
they don';t make electric "cigars". Cigarettes?
I make a sandwich every morning. takes less then 10 minutes to cut up my tomato and lettuc, fix the sandwich, cut up and peel a orange.
I use the Dave Ramsey envelope system and I stick to it- I suggest everyone try it at least for one month.
I personally have no interest in smoking a piece of plastic.


The mission of the Hampden Family Center is to enrich the lives of Hampden residents through education and professional support, and to encourage individual growth and community fellowship. We provide programs and support services for all who live, learn and work in the community. Here, children enjoy after-school and summer enrichment programs. Adults can participate in literacy classes to brush up on their math, reading and writing skills in preparation for the GED class and exam.


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Chris De Herrera's Windows CE Website
Getting Started By Device Enterprise Applications Reviews & Commentary
FAQs By Version Press Releases Security Comparing to Palm
Peripherals Bug Lists Synchronization Reader eBooks Developer Information
Wiki Lost?
Bug Lists
Mobile Format
The server encountered an internal error or misconfiguration and was unable to complete your request. Your administrator may not have enabled CGI access for this directory.
Website Awards
By Chris De Herrera
A member of the Talksites Family of Websites
Windows and Windows CE are trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation and are used
under license from owner.
CEWindows.NET is not
associated with Microsoft
Corporation.
All Trademarks are owned
by their respective companies.
Managing Bugs - Supporting and Developing for Pocket PC 2002
By Chris De Herrera, Copyright 2002
Version 1.00 Revised 4/25/2002
Previously, in Defining the Bug Reporting Process, I explained how bugs are handled by the OEMs and Microsoft. One critical issue that I have been pondering is how to support the menagerie of devices and the different levels of patches.
A Circling of the Wagons around StrongARM
As part of the release of the Pocket PC 2002, Microsoft chose to only support the Intel StrongARM CPU. This is a major reduction in the number of supported CPU types from StrongARM, SH3 and MIPS down to StrongARM only. Developers now only need to create one version of their application for the StrongARM CPU and it will run on all devices. So now it's easier for users to select an application that is compatible with the Pocket PC 2002 since they are all using the same StrongARM CPU.
Bugs Muddy the Waters
During the past few months, Microsoft has released to the OEMs Service Pack 1 for the Pocket PC 2002. Also many of the OEMs have had their own patches for their systems as well. This means that developers that only create one version of their application may need to test their product on each device, especially if these patches affected their applications operation So from the developer's point of view, they still have to coordinate testing on all devices and versions of the Pocket PC OS to ensure compatibility of their applications. Neither Microsoft or the OEMs are making this easy for the developers. There is no software to remove patches that are applied to the flash ROM so this means that developers may have a difficult time testing all permutations of the Pocket PC 2002 software for a specific device. Further the users have no easy way to know that there are patches for their device except to visit their OEM's website.
Voting on your OEM's Support
Since Microsoft is not coordinating the release of patches as they have in the past, so consumers and developers need to be aware of how fast their OEM releases patches since this may negatively impact their ability to use their Pocket PC if the OEM is late in releasing a patch. Without this support, Pocket PC 2002 users will suffer needlessly with bugs that have known fixes which could be avoided by quick action by the OEMs or a coordinated release of an update by Microsoft. Since Microsoft has referred all support to the OEMs, I doubt we will see a release of an update from Microsoft. So you will have to rely on your OEM's ability to deliver updates in a timely fashion. So as consumers and corporations decide what devices to purchase, they should be aware of their OEM's ability to fix bugs in a timely fashion before purchasing a device..
Return to Chris De Herrera's Windows CE Website


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Best kit Aircraft
The next step is the bending and shaping of the parts on our computerized 220 ton, 8 axis hydraulic press. Every single part, whether it be rib, spar, skin, bulkhead, or stiffener, is pre-punched, pre-cut and pre-bent using our state of the art equipment.
It is important to note that right from the start, the conception and creation of the TUNDRA kitplane was guided by the goals of instilling three qualities in the product: ruggedness, ease of assembly and durability.
These same objectives also convinced DreamAircraft to insist on the use of the same type of solid rivets that are used by certified airplane manufacturers such as Cessna, Piper, Beechcraft and others. In addition, many problem areas identified on other experimental airplanes were re-enforced and the use of steel parts was also included to ensure the ruggedness and strength of all critical areas.
For all these reasons, the TUNDRA is considered to be one of the best kit planes in its' category with an impressive quality to price ratio. As a matter of fact, Dream Aircraft's TUNDRA received a prestigious award from Kitplanes magazine. The winner is voted by Kitplanes subscribers who answer the question: «Which new airplane kit from the following list would you like to own or build»? The Kitplanes magazine subscribers choose the TUNDRA in the «Best kitplane for 2004» in the new kit plane category.
CUSTOMER SUPPORT AT DREAMAIRCRAFT
At DreamAircraft, customer support is a priority and no effort is spared in facilitating the TUNDRA assembly process. Color-coded and highly detailed 3D technical drawings are supplied with the aircraft kit, as well as an extensive and detailed assembly manual that shows you step by step «how to build an airplane kit». Finally, a Builder Assist Program is available to customers who prefer to assemble their TUNDRA with help and supervision from our aircraft technicians.
You will find a lot of information on DreamAircraft and on the TUNDRA on this website. If any of your questions remain unanswered or if you would like to arrange a visit and a demo flight, do not hesitate to
We hope that you will enjoy your visit on this website and we hope that you too will choose the TUNDRA...
Source: www.dreamaircraft.com
Best Pro Beginner Drone Kit
Making Model Aircraft. Kits for 2015
Best off flying model airplane kit 2011
Advanced Soaring Concepts was a sailplane manufacturer based in Camarillo, California and owned by Tor Jensen. Their aircraft were marketed in kit form. The aircraft for which they were best known were the Spirit and Falcon kit sailplanes.
One of the company's most...
Small experimental aircraft
Experimental Airplane
Micro Jets for sale
Light Sport Aircraft Reviews


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Special announcement for my French readers
To celebrate the release of La Loi du Coeur in France and Canada, I was featured in my French publisher's newsletter. And I had a very special announcement to make as well.
Click on the picture to read the newsletter, or check below for the English translation.
The Law of Moses - Audiobook & Interview
The audiobook of The Law of Moses is now available and together with Tavia Gilbert, one of the two narrators of this audiobook, I had the pleasure to be interviewed by Audiogals. Tavia and I talk about audiobooks and our collaboration.
Read the whole interview and listen to the first chapter of The Law of Moses.
Interviewing authors by tim knox: amy harmon, mom, wife, singer, bestselling author
A few months back, I was interviewed by Tim Knox, the host of Interviewing Authors.
Read more for a complete transcript of the interview, or listen online.
Q&A with Amy Harmon
Describe the most daring, adventurous or inspiring thing you ever did.
I was auditioning to be in a choir directed by Gladys Knight. But I was very late for the audition. When I got there, the audition was over, but I could hear a group of people behind a closed door. The microphone was still on in the main room where the auditions had occurred. So I got on the microphone and started singing. Eventually, someone came out and asked me who I was and if they could help me. I told them I really wanted to audition for Ms. Knight. They left and came back a few minutes later and said she would let me sing for her. Bottom line? I got to sing for a legend, and I made it into the choir. True story.
Tell us about your journey to becoming a writer. (How did you decide
to get started? Did you always know or was there a specific moment when you knew?)
I've always been a writer, and I wrote my first novel, Running Barefoot, simply because I wanted to prove to myself I could do it. I didn't know how to get something published, and I was a busy mom teaching school, so I set it aside. Several years later, out of work with a brand new baby (child number four) and mounting medical bills, I knew I had to do something different. I wrote another novel, Slow Dance in Purgatory, and self-published both of them on Amazon. Fifteen months later my fourth novel, A Different Blue, hit the NY Times Bestsellers list, and I'm just trying to process it all. What a crazy, awesome ride it's been!
Just Me . . .
Poetry From My Porch


Objective: Become familiar with a wider range of Scratch Blocks and create a project that is an interactive digital representation of their interests.
Reflection: S2 – What do you need in life? What are things that you cannot live without?
Saving pictures to add from the Web.
Copy and paste your link and caption to your S2 Post.
Create a collage that somehow interactive that represents who you are. Use your identity project for ideas and motivation.
Share Out – visit the locke1art gallery and see what your friends created.
Objective: Students will create their first project in scratch by designing and assigning sprites, backgrounds and scripts.
With a partner – How many of those ways involve creating with computers?
Exploring: You have 15 minutes to make something surprising happen to a sprite?
What did you have your sprite do? How did you make this happen? What is something you would like to learn how to make it do?
Closure: Chat – What did you make your sprite do?
Objective: Students will reflect on their grades and finalize all existing projects as we download Scratch and experiment in programming.
Typing Practice @ TypingWeb.com – Make sure you are using the HomeRow keys!
How are your grades so far? What are your goals for this semester?
After 5 minutes, spell check and insert a photo (by URL) to your post.
What can you do if you finish early in this class?
For any of these activities, you may pause them to help other students as well, but you should not be wandering around the classroom or wasting time.
Project Work Time – 10 minutes – Make sure that you have completed all of your assignments to this point and that you have recieved full credit.
Something Flat – You may not get this back.
Download Scratch by clicking here.
Explore some of the other projects that people have created at the galleries.
Prompt: What are you most excited to do in Scratch?
Objective: Students will make sure that they have successfully completed their typing test (with reflection), their identity collage and their defining song project.
Follow all of the instructions on the link provided.
Make sure that you have completed all of your assignments to this point and that you have recieved full credit.
Presentations – Share one of the assignments that you have done in class.
Objective: Students will take their baseline typing test and use their score to set goals for typing development this year.
Find the song lyrics online and create a tagxedo.com word cloud to insert into your project.
Objective: Students will finalize their about me pages by publishing their image to wordpress with a caption and including a tagxedo word wordcloud.
5 minute free write: How do you use technology in your everyday life?
Why did you choose the images in your collage?
Go to tagxedo.com and create a wordcloud to represent you.
Copy and paste your paragraph into the text editor, then customize it the way you want it.
Click the blue button to update your page.
Show it to Mr. Levin to receive credit.
Objective: Students will finalize their identity projects and publish them to WordPress as a Jpeg with a caption as a NEW PAGE.
Include a 5 sentence (minimum) caption explaining who you are and why you chose the pictures in your collage.
Extension: Choose a wordpress theme, and begin to customize your wordpress page.
What are you most looking forward to about this class?
Objective: Students will finalize their identity projects and save them as a .pptx and .jpeg to a personalized folder on their desktop.
Polls Everywhere: How was your first day of school?
Finish Identity Project collages and save as a JPEG.
Extension: Add animations to your PowerPoint Collage.
Drag all classwork into that folder.
Tomorrow: We will be making our blog accounts with WordPress.
Objective: Students will demonstrate classroom routines and procedures as they explore the syllabus and begin creating a collage using images which represent their passions and goals.
Closure – Save as a PPT and upload to Live@edu.


text:
Q: No PackagingProvider found with the ID 'eclipse-feature' I'm trying to learn Spring Roo. I installed yesterday Roo and played with it for a while. Today I wanted to continue - I created new empty folder (so it is not https://jira.spring.io/browse/ROO-3030) and when I executed hint I got
No PackagingProvider found with the ID 'eclipse-feature'

roo> version
    ____  ____  ____
   / __ \/ __ \/ __ \
  / /_/ / / / / / / /
 / _, _/ /_/ / /_/ /
/_/ |_|\____/\____/    1.3.2.RELEASE [rev 8387857]

roo> hint
No PackagingProvider found with the ID 'eclipse-feature'

Not sure if relevant, but I played with some project yesterday, then I executed mvn eclipse:eclipse and after that I imported the project to STS (version 3.7.2 based on Eclipse 4.5.1). Today I started working in different folder...
> java -version
java version "1.8.0_66"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_66-b18)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.66-b18, mixed mode)

I'm using it from command line.


With smokey eye - use a shimmery white eyeshadow on your inner corner and highlight your browbone.
and False lashes are indeed optional. But for me it is a must for nightime w/ smokey eyes.
I have an exam tomorrow so I'm definitely not very excited about it haha.


If you're looking for a bullet proof outfit appropriate for countless occasions, this is it. Pair a wrap skirt with a plaid print or fringe details with some chunky buckle booties and a quilted leather jacket. Wear a polished white collared shirt for an unexpected twist. You'll feel like a cool hybrid between a bag pipe player, a proper uncle, and a tough biker dude--what could be a better combo?
Would you try this look? Let us know what you think in the comments!


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Coral IVF May Save Great Barrier Reef From Dying: Here's How It Works
9 June 2018, 9:10 am EDT By Aaron Mamiit Tech Times
Scientists have tagged coral IVF, or in-vitro fertilization for corals, as a promising way to help save the Great Barrier Reef from dying.
A recent report claimed that the Great Barrier Reef in Australia has died five times over the past 30,000 years but was able to revive itself each time. A sixth death, however, may permanently take it down due to the rate of climate change.
There is now a race against time to save the Great Barrier Reef. Coral IVF is one of the many initiatives with that goal, but so far, it might have the best chance of reaching it.
Coral IVF Shows Promise In Saving Great Barrier Reef
A coral fertility treatment that was designed to help in healing damaged areas on the Great Barrier Reef in Australia is showing promising signs of success, according to the lead scientist of the study.
Peter Harrison, the director of Southern Cross University's Marine Ecology Research Centre, is "excited by the results" that show the success of coral IVF on a small scale. He said that his team was able to "significantly increase" the baby coral reefs population at Heron Island and One Tree Island using coral IVF.
For coral IVF, the scientists used a process similar to what is done in human IVF. In a yearly coral spawning event, the team collected millions of coral eggs and sperm, which they then grew into coral larvae before redistributing them to the reef. The team deposited millions of coral larvae at Heron Island and One Tree Island 18 months ago.
With this process, the scientists improved the chances that coral will latch onto the reef, instead of leaving the floating spawn to do it by themselves.
According to Harrison, he drew inspiration from fellow scientists in the Philippines who have been successful with coral IVF in the recovery of coral reefs damaged by dynamite fishing.
How To Save The Great Barrier Reef
Harrison said that the coral IVF project will need to be scaled up to create a bigger impact on saving the Great Barrier Reef.
"The pilot studies at small scales are giving us hope that we will be able to scale this up to much larger reef scales," he said.
Harrison's program will not be alone, though, with Australia's government allotting $500 million for initiatives to save the Great Barrier Reef. Other projects focused on saving the reef include a film-like shield that provides protection for the corals from the sun and laboratory-bred "super corals" that are more tolerant to climate change and global warming.
corals, Coral reefs, Great Barrier Reef, IVF, Coral IVF
Great Barrier Reef Has Died 5 Times But May Not Survive A Sixth Death
Australia Commits $500 Million To Save Great Barrier Reef From Climate Change
Blame Global Warming: Half Of Corals In Great Barrier Reef Dead After 2016 Heat Wave
Scientists Use Sun Shield To Protect The Great Barrier Reef From Impending Demise
Laboratory-Bred 'Super Corals' May Help Repopulate Disappearing Great Barrier Reef


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Are you in search for the prom dresses but cannot find anything good enough as per your needs? Well, do not search anywhere and search for the prom dresses online and you can decide from a variety. You can get the prom dresses online at affordable prices.
Every year, tech giants play some very weird April Fools' Day pranks on their customers. Google is also no exception to the tradition, but unlike others, the search giant goes all out for the day of pranks. And, guess what? Its party has already started for 2019. Let's see what Google's doing.
The Lowest Huawei Y9 2019 price in Pakistan is Rs. 35,128. Check prices from all Online shopping sites in Pakistan, Review, Compare specs,Video Review, Ranking, old & new mobile prices, nearby shop prices etc.


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Published by Member Francesca Dent on 03 Jul 2012
GMI Energy deliver Manchester renewable energy scheme
Leeds based company GMI Energy have continued their success with a renewable energy scheme on the roof of the Urban Exchanged retail development in Manchester.
Following on from the construction of the largest city centre solar photovoltaic system of its time at Clarence Dock car park in Leeds, GMI have again teamed up with Town Centre Securities to provide 208 solar panels of the roof of the Urban Exchange retail development on Great Ancoast Street, Manchester.
The non-penetrating roof mounted 240w REC solar system, which was build in one week, is made from aluminium and stainless steel in order to provide the building with a flexible, longer term solution.
This new system will produce around 44,800kwh of energy per year and will lead to a combined income and saving of £10,550 a year. The system will also reduce the carbon emissions of property investment and development company Town Centre Securities by 17,813kg of CO2 a year.
Tenants of the Urban Exchange such as Aldi, M&S and Go Outdoors will be able to use the clean, low carbon generated energy at the site.
Associate Director at Town Centre Securities PLC said: "Urban Exchange is an architecturally stunning environmentally-friendly building, which has become a successful retail destination. The PV Panels not only add to the building's green credentials but fit with Town Centre Securities' commitment to sustainable development."
As well as the installation, GMI are providing an operations and maintenance support package to ensure that the system will work efficiently for 25 years.
Carl Nielsen, Managing Director of GMI Energy said: "We are delighted to continue GMI's relationship with Town Centre Securities PLC as the construction arm of the business has undertaken several contracts at the Urban Exchange development over the years."
He added: "Investing into green energy is a longer term strategy that must integrate with the rest of the businesses objectives."
GMI Energy has been working for more than two decades to deliver buidling and construction service projects for an international portfolio of developers, ublic sector clients and blue chip companies.
This was posted in Bdaily's Members' News section by Francesca Dent .
#North West #Construction #Environment #Technology #Environment