text:
package org.fcrepo.kernel.modeshape;

import static com.google.common.base.Throwables.propagate;
import static com.google.common.collect.Iterators.concat;
import static com.google.common.collect.Iterators.filter;
import static com.google.common.collect.Iterators.singletonIterator;
import static com.google.common.collect.Iterators.transform;
import static com.google.common.collect.Lists.newArrayList;
import static com.hp.hpl.jena.update.UpdateAction.execute;
import static com.hp.hpl.jena.update.UpdateFactory.create;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static java.util.regex.Pattern.compile;
import static org.apache.commons.codec.digest.DigestUtils.shaHex;
import static org.fcrepo.kernel.api.services.functions.JcrPropertyFunctions.isFrozen;
import static org.fcrepo.kernel.api.services.functions.JcrPropertyFunctions.property2values;
import static org.fcrepo.kernel.api.utils.UncheckedFunction.uncheck;
import static org.fcrepo.kernel.modeshape.identifiers.NodeResourceConverter.nodeConverter;
import static org.fcrepo.kernel.modeshape.rdf.JcrRdfTools.getRDFNamespaceForJcrNamespace;
import static org.fcrepo.kernel.modeshape.utils.FedoraTypesUtils.isFrozenNode;
import static org.fcrepo.kernel.modeshape.utils.FedoraTypesUtils.isInternalNode;
import static org.modeshape.jcr.api.JcrConstants.JCR_CONTENT;
import static org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import javax.jcr.AccessDeniedException;
import javax.jcr.ItemNotFoundException;
import javax.jcr.Node;
import javax.jcr.PathNotFoundException;
import javax.jcr.Property;
import javax.jcr.PropertyType;
import javax.jcr.RepositoryException;
import javax.jcr.Session;
import javax.jcr.Value;
import javax.jcr.nodetype.NodeType;
import javax.jcr.version.Version;
import javax.jcr.version.VersionHistory;

import com.google.common.base.Converter;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterators;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.Resource;

import org.fcrepo.kernel.api.FedoraJcrTypes;
import org.fcrepo.kernel.api.models.NonRdfSourceDescription;
import org.fcrepo.kernel.api.models.FedoraBinary;
import org.fcrepo.kernel.api.models.FedoraResource;
import org.fcrepo.kernel.api.exception.ConstraintViolationException;
import org.fcrepo.kernel.api.exception.MalformedRdfException;
import org.fcrepo.kernel.api.exception.PathNotFoundRuntimeException;
import org.fcrepo.kernel.api.exception.RepositoryRuntimeException;
import org.fcrepo.kernel.api.identifiers.IdentifierConverter;
import org.fcrepo.kernel.api.utils.UncheckedPredicate;
import org.fcrepo.kernel.api.utils.iterators.GraphDifferencingIterator;
import org.fcrepo.kernel.api.utils.iterators.RdfStream;
import org.fcrepo.kernel.modeshape.utils.JcrPropertyStatementListener;
import org.fcrepo.kernel.modeshape.utils.iterators.RdfAdder;
import org.fcrepo.kernel.modeshape.utils.iterators.RdfRemover;

import org.modeshape.jcr.api.JcrTools;
import org.slf4j.Logger;

import com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.Model;
import com.hp.hpl.jena.update.UpdateRequest;

/**
 * Common behaviors across {@link org.fcrepo.kernel.api.models.Container} and
 * {@link org.fcrepo.kernel.api.models.NonRdfSourceDescription} types; also used
 * when the exact type of an object is irrelevant
 *
 * @author ajs6f
 */
public class FedoraResourceImpl extends JcrTools implements FedoraJcrTypes, FedoraResource {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = getLogger(FedoraResourceImpl.class);

    protected Node node;

    /*
     * Helps split SPARQL Update statements, e.g., on <>, to enable individual processing
     */
    private static final Pattern subject = compile(".+<[a-zA-Z]*>");

     /*
     * Helps ensure there's no terminating slash in the predicate
     */
    private static final Pattern terminated = compile("/>");

    /**
     * Construct a {@link org.fcrepo.kernel.api.models.FedoraResource} from an existing JCR Node
     * @param node an existing JCR node to treat as an fcrepo object
     */
    public FedoraResourceImpl(final Node node) {
        this.node = node;
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.fcrepo.kernel.api.models.FedoraResource#getNode()
     */
    @Override
    public Node getNode() {
        return node;
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.fcrepo.kernel.api.models.FedoraResource#getPath()
     */
    @Override
    public String getPath() {
        try {
            return node.getPath();
        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.fcrepo.kernel.api.models.FedoraResource#getChildren()
     */
    @Override
    public Iterator<FedoraResource> getChildren() {
        try {
            return concat(nodeToGoodChildren(node));
        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the "good" children for a node by skipping all pairtree nodes in the way.
     * @param input
     * @return
     * @throws RepositoryException
     */
    private Iterator<Iterator<FedoraResource>> nodeToGoodChildren(final Node input) throws RepositoryException {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        final Iterator<Node> allChildren = input.getNodes();
        final Iterator<Node> children = filter(allChildren, nastyChildren.negate()::test);
        return transform(children, (new Function<Node, Iterator<FedoraResource>>() {

            @Override
            public Iterator<FedoraResource> apply(final Node input) {
                try {
                    if (input.isNodeType(FEDORA_PAIRTREE)) {
                        return concat(nodeToGoodChildren(input));
                    }
                    return singletonIterator(nodeToObjectBinaryConverter.convert(input));
                } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
                    throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        })::apply);
    }

    /**
     * Children for whom we will not generate triples.
     */
    private static Predicate<Node> nastyChildren = isInternalNode
                    .or(TombstoneImpl::hasMixin)
                    .or(UncheckedPredicate.uncheck(p -> p.getName().equals(JCR_CONTENT)))
                    .or(UncheckedPredicate.uncheck(p -> p.getName().equals("#")));

    private static final Converter<FedoraResource, FedoraResource> datastreamToBinary
            = new Converter<FedoraResource, FedoraResource>() {

        @Override
        protected FedoraResource doForward(final FedoraResource fedoraResource) {
            if (fedoraResource instanceof NonRdfSourceDescription) {
                return ((NonRdfSourceDescription) fedoraResource).getDescribedResource();
            }
            return fedoraResource;
        }

        @Override
        protected FedoraResource doBackward(final FedoraResource fedoraResource) {
            if (fedoraResource instanceof FedoraBinary) {
                return ((FedoraBinary) fedoraResource).getDescription();
            }
            return fedoraResource;
        }
    };

    private static final Converter<Node, FedoraResource> nodeToObjectBinaryConverter
            = nodeConverter.andThen(datastreamToBinary);

    @Override
    public FedoraResource getContainer() {
        try {

            if (getNode().getDepth() == 0) {
                return null;
            }

            Node container = getNode().getParent();
            while (container.getDepth() > 0) {
                if (container.isNodeType(FEDORA_PAIRTREE)
                        || container.isNodeType(FEDORA_NON_RDF_SOURCE_DESCRIPTION)) {
                    container = container.getParent();
                } else {
                    return nodeConverter.convert(container);
                }
            }

            return nodeConverter.convert(container);
        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public FedoraResource getChild(final String relPath) {
        try {
            return nodeConverter.convert(getNode().getNode(relPath));
        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean hasProperty(final String relPath) {
        try {
            return getNode().hasProperty(relPath);
        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Property getProperty(final String relPath) {
        try {
            return getNode().getProperty(relPath);
        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Set the given property value for this resource as a URI, without translating any URIs that
     * appear to be references to repository resources.  Using untranslated URIs to refer to
     * repository resources will disable referential integrity checking, but also allows referring
     * to resources that do not exist, have been deleted, etc.
     * @param relPath the given path
     * @param value the URI value
     */
    @Override
    public void setURIProperty(final String relPath, final URI value) {
        try {
            getNode().setProperty(relPath, value.toString(), PropertyType.URI);
        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void delete() {
        try {
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            final Iterator<Property> references = node.getReferences();
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            final Iterator<Property> weakReferences = node.getWeakReferences();
            final Iterator<Property> inboundProperties = Iterators.concat(references, weakReferences);

            while (inboundProperties.hasNext()) {
                final Property prop = inboundProperties.next();
                final List<Value> newVals = new ArrayList<>();
                final Iterator<Value> propIt = property2values.apply(prop);
                while (propIt.hasNext()) {
                    final Value v = propIt.next();
                    if (!node.equals(getSession().getNodeByIdentifier(v.getString()))) {
                        newVals.add(v);
                        LOGGER.trace("Keeping multivalue reference property when deleting node");
                    }
                }
                if (newVals.size() == 0) {
                    prop.remove();
                } else {
                    prop.setValue(newVals.toArray(new Value[newVals.size()]));
                }
            }

            final Node parent;

            if (getNode().getDepth() > 0) {
                parent = getNode().getParent();
            } else {
                parent = null;
            }
            final String name = getNode().getName();

            node.remove();

            if (parent != null) {
                createTombstone(parent, name);
            }

        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    private void createTombstone(final Node parent, final String path) throws RepositoryException {
        findOrCreateChild(parent, path, FEDORA_TOMBSTONE);
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.fcrepo.kernel.api.models.FedoraResource#getCreatedDate()
     */
    @Override
    public Date getCreatedDate() {
        try {
            if (hasProperty(JCR_CREATED)) {
                return new Date(getProperty(JCR_CREATED).getDate().getTimeInMillis());
            }
        } catch (final PathNotFoundException e) {
            throw new PathNotFoundRuntimeException(e);
        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }
        LOGGER.debug("Node {} does not have a createdDate", node);
        return null;
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.fcrepo.kernel.api.models.FedoraResource#getLastModifiedDate()
     */
    @Override
    public Date getLastModifiedDate() {

        try {
            if (hasProperty(JCR_LASTMODIFIED)) {
                return new Date(getProperty(JCR_LASTMODIFIED).getDate().getTimeInMillis());
            }
        } catch (final PathNotFoundException e) {
            throw new PathNotFoundRuntimeException(e);
        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }
        LOGGER.debug("Could not get last modified date property for node {}", node);

        final Date createdDate = getCreatedDate();
        if (createdDate != null) {
            LOGGER.trace("Using created date for last modified date for node {}", node);
            return createdDate;
        }

        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean hasType(final String type) {
        try {
            if (isFrozen.test(node) && hasProperty(FROZEN_MIXIN_TYPES)) {
                final List<String> types = newArrayList(
                    transform(property2values.apply(getProperty(FROZEN_MIXIN_TYPES)), uncheck(Value::getString)::apply)
                );
                return types.contains(type);
            }
            return node.isNodeType(type);
        } catch (final PathNotFoundException e) {
            throw new PathNotFoundRuntimeException(e);
        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public List<URI> getTypes() {
        try {
            final List<NodeType> nodeTypes = new ArrayList<>();
            final NodeType primaryNodeType = node.getPrimaryNodeType();
            nodeTypes.add(primaryNodeType);
            nodeTypes.addAll(asList(primaryNodeType.getSupertypes()));
            final List<NodeType> mixinTypes = asList(node.getMixinNodeTypes());

            nodeTypes.addAll(mixinTypes);
            mixinTypes.stream()
                .map(NodeType::getSupertypes)
                .flatMap(Arrays::stream)
                .forEach(nodeTypes::add);

            return nodeTypes.stream()
                .map(uncheck(x -> x.getName()))
                .distinct()
                .map(nodeTypeNameToURI::apply)
                .peek(x -> LOGGER.debug("node has rdf:type {}", x))
                .collect(Collectors.toList());

        } catch (final PathNotFoundException e) {
            throw new PathNotFoundRuntimeException(e);
        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    private Function<String, URI> nodeTypeNameToURI = uncheck(name -> {
        final String prefix = name.split(":")[0];
        final String typeName = name.split(":")[1];
        final String namespace = getSession().getWorkspace().getNamespaceRegistry().getURI(prefix);
        return URI.create(getRDFNamespaceForJcrNamespace(namespace) + typeName);
    });

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.fcrepo.kernel.api.models.FedoraResource#updateProperties
     *     (org.fcrepo.kernel.api.identifiers.IdentifierConverter, java.lang.String, RdfStream)
     */
    @Override
    public void updateProperties(final IdentifierConverter<Resource, FedoraResource> idTranslator,
                                 final String sparqlUpdateStatement, final RdfStream originalTriples)
            throws MalformedRdfException, AccessDeniedException {

        if (!clean(sparqlUpdateStatement)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid SPARQL UPDATE statement:"
                    + sparqlUpdateStatement);
        }

        final Model model = originalTriples.asModel();

        final JcrPropertyStatementListener listener = new JcrPropertyStatementListener(
                idTranslator, getSession(), idTranslator.reverse().convert(this).asNode());

        model.register(listener);

        final UpdateRequest request = create(sparqlUpdateStatement,
                idTranslator.reverse().convert(this).toString());
        model.setNsPrefixes(request.getPrefixMapping());
        execute(request, model);

        listener.assertNoExceptions();
    }

    /**
     * Helps ensure that there are no terminating slashes in the predicate.
     * A terminating slash means ModeShape has trouble extracting the localName, e.g., for
     * http://myurl.org/.
     *
     * @see <a href="https://jira.duraspace.org/browse/FCREPO-1409"> FCREPO-1409 </a> for details.
     *
     * @param updateStmt SPARQL Update statement specified by the user
     * @return whether the statement is deemed to be not problematic for ModeShape
     */
    private static boolean clean(final String updateStmt) {
        final int start = updateStmt.indexOf("INSERT");
        final int end = updateStmt.lastIndexOf("}");

        if (start < 0 || end < 0 || end < start) {
            return true;
        }

        final String insertStmt = updateStmt.substring(start, end);
        final String[] insert = subject.split(insertStmt);
        int count = 0;
        final String terminatorIndicator = terminated.pattern();

        for (final String s: insert) {
            if (s.contains(terminatorIndicator)) {
                final String[] p = terminated.split(s);
                count++;
                LOGGER.info("Problematic token({}):{}{} in statement:{}",
                        count, p[0], terminated, updateStmt);
            }
        }

        return count == 0;
    }

    @Override
    public RdfStream getTriples(final IdentifierConverter<Resource, FedoraResource> idTranslator,
                                final Class<? extends RdfStream> context) {
        return getTriples(idTranslator, Collections.singleton(context));
    }

    @Override
    public RdfStream getTriples(final IdentifierConverter<Resource, FedoraResource> idTranslator,
                                final Iterable<? extends Class<? extends RdfStream>> contexts) {
        final RdfStream stream = new RdfStream();

        for (final Class<? extends RdfStream> context : contexts) {
            try {
                final Constructor<? extends RdfStream> declaredConstructor
                        = context.getDeclaredConstructor(FedoraResource.class, IdentifierConverter.class);

                final RdfStream rdfStream = declaredConstructor.newInstance(this, idTranslator);
                rdfStream.session(getSession());

                stream.concat(rdfStream);
            } catch (final NoSuchMethodException |
                    InstantiationException |
                    IllegalAccessException e) {
                // Shouldn't happen.
                throw propagate(e);
            } catch (final InvocationTargetException e) {
                final Throwable cause = e.getCause();
                if (cause instanceof RepositoryException) {
                    throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(cause);
                }
                throw propagate(cause);
            }
        }

        return stream;
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.fcrepo.kernel.api.models.FedoraResource#getBaseVersion()
     */
    @Override
    public Version getBaseVersion() {
        try {
            return getSession().getWorkspace().getVersionManager().getBaseVersion(getPath());
        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.fcrepo.kernel.api.models.FedoraResource#getVersionHistory()
     */
    @Override
    public VersionHistory getVersionHistory() {
        try {
            return getSession().getWorkspace().getVersionManager().getVersionHistory(getPath());
        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.fcrepo.kernel.api.models.FedoraResource#isNew()
     */
    @Override
    public Boolean isNew() {
        return node.isNew();
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.fcrepo.kernel.api.models.FedoraResource#replaceProperties
     *     (org.fcrepo.kernel.api.identifiers.IdentifierConverter, com.hp.hpl.jena.rdf.model.Model)
     */
    @Override
    public void replaceProperties(final IdentifierConverter<Resource, FedoraResource> idTranslator,
        final Model inputModel, final RdfStream originalTriples) throws MalformedRdfException {

        final RdfStream replacementStream = new RdfStream().namespaces(inputModel.getNsPrefixMap())
                .topic(idTranslator.reverse().convert(this).asNode());

        final GraphDifferencingIterator differencer =
            new GraphDifferencingIterator(inputModel, originalTriples);

        final StringBuilder exceptions = new StringBuilder();
        try {
            new RdfRemover(idTranslator, getSession(), replacementStream
                    .withThisContext(differencer)).consume();
        } catch (final ConstraintViolationException e) {
            throw e;
        } catch (final MalformedRdfException e) {
            exceptions.append(e.getMessage());
            exceptions.append("\n");
        }

        try {
            new RdfAdder(idTranslator, getSession(), replacementStream
                    .withThisContext(differencer.notCommon())).consume();
        } catch (final ConstraintViolationException e) {
            throw e;
        } catch (final MalformedRdfException e) {
            exceptions.append(e.getMessage());
        }

        if (exceptions.length() > 0) {
            throw new MalformedRdfException(exceptions.toString());
        }
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see org.fcrepo.kernel.api.models.FedoraResource#getEtagValue()
     */
    @Override
    public String getEtagValue() {
        final Date lastModifiedDate = getLastModifiedDate();

        if (lastModifiedDate != null) {
            return shaHex(getPath() + lastModifiedDate.getTime());
        }
        return "";
    }

    @Override
    public void enableVersioning() {
        try {
            node.addMixin("mix:versionable");
        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void disableVersioning() {
        try {
            node.removeMixin("mix:versionable");
        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }

    }

    @Override
    public boolean isVersioned() {
        try {
            return node.isNodeType("mix:versionable");
        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isFrozenResource() {
        return isFrozenNode.test(this);
    }

    @Override
    public FedoraResource getVersionedAncestor() {

        try {
            if (!isFrozenResource()) {
                return null;
            }

            Node versionableFrozenNode = getNode();
            FedoraResource unfrozenResource = getUnfrozenResource();

            // traverse the frozen tree looking for a node whose unfrozen equivalent is versioned
            while (!unfrozenResource.isVersioned()) {

                if (versionableFrozenNode.getDepth() == 0) {
                    return null;
                }

                // node in the frozen tree
                versionableFrozenNode = versionableFrozenNode.getParent();

                // unfrozen equivalent
                unfrozenResource = new FedoraResourceImpl(versionableFrozenNode).getUnfrozenResource();
            }

            return new FedoraResourceImpl(versionableFrozenNode);
        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }

    }

    @Override
    public FedoraResource getUnfrozenResource() {
        if (!isFrozenResource()) {
            return this;
        }

        try {
            return new FedoraResourceImpl(getSession().getNodeByIdentifier(getProperty("jcr:frozenUuid").getString()));
        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public Node getNodeVersion(final String label) {
        try {
            final Session session = getSession();

            final Node n = getFrozenNode(label);

            if (n != null) {
                return n;
            }

            if (isVersioned()) {
                final VersionHistory hist =
                        session.getWorkspace().getVersionManager().getVersionHistory(getPath());

                if (hist.hasVersionLabel(label)) {
                    LOGGER.debug("Found version for {} by label {}.", this, label);
                    return hist.getVersionByLabel(label).getFrozenNode();
                }
            }

            LOGGER.warn("Unknown version {} with label or uuid {}!", this, label);
            return null;
        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }

    }

    private Node getFrozenNode(final String label) throws RepositoryException {
        try {
            final Session session = getSession();

            final Node frozenNode = session.getNodeByIdentifier(label);

            final String baseUUID = getNode().getIdentifier();

            /*
             * We found a node whose identifier is the "label" for the version.  Now
             * we must do due dilligence to make sure it's a frozen node representing
             * a version of the subject node.
             */
            final Property p = frozenNode.getProperty("jcr:frozenUuid");
            if (p != null) {
                if (p.getString().equals(baseUUID)) {
                    return frozenNode;
                }
            }
            /*
             * Though a node with an id of the label was found, it wasn't the
             * node we were looking for, so fall through and look for a labeled
             * node.
             */
        } catch (final ItemNotFoundException ex) {
            /*
             * the label wasn't a uuid of a frozen node but
             * instead possibly a version label.
             */
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(final Object object) {
        if (object instanceof FedoraResourceImpl) {
            return ((FedoraResourceImpl) object).getNode().equals(this.getNode());
        }
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return getNode().hashCode();
    }

    protected Session getSession() {
        try {
            return getNode().getSession();
        } catch (final RepositoryException e) {
            throw new RepositoryRuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return getNode().toString();
    }
}


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text:
Business Other News 27 Apr 2020 Convert world's ...
Convert world's 'hatred' for China into economic opportunity, says Gadkari
Published Apr 27, 2020, 12:50 pm IST
Updated Apr 27, 2020, 12:50 pm IST
Union minister Nitin Gadkari. (PTI Photo)
New Delhi: Union minister Nitin Gadkari on Sunday said India should look at converting the world's "hatred" for China amid the coronavirus pandemic into an economic opportunity for itself by attracting large-scale foreign investments.
Interacting with overseas Indian students via video conferencing, the minister for MSME and Road Transport and Highways said across the world now, there is "hatred for China. Is it possible for us to convert it into an opportunity for India?"
Referring to the economic package announced by Japan for its businesses exiting China, Gadkari said, "I feel that we should think on that and we will concentrate on it. We will open the Indian scenario for that. We will give the clearances and everything to them and attract foreign investment."
Asked if India can take any action against China incase it is found to have deliberately "suppressed" information on coronavirus, the minister said this was a sensitive subject related with the Ministry of External Affairs and the prime minister, and therefore it will not be appropriate for him to comment on it.
Gadkari said all government departments, particularly the finance ministry as well as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), are formulating policies to win the "economic war" post the COVID-19 pandemic and fulfil the prime minister's dream of making India a USD 5 trillion economy.
"At the same time, we can make infrastructure of Rs 100 lakh crore," he added.
Tags: union minister nitin gadkari, coronavirus pandemic, china, foreign investments, economic opportunities, video conferencing, businesses, covid-19, economic war, indian students abroad, india
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Sue, the manager of The Ritz has been with the salon for nearly 20 years. Since starting her career at The Ritz, she has built many long lasting relationships along the way. She has seen children getting their first haircut all the way up to seeing them go off to college.
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Back HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS Topics HIV Prevention SF Forum Reveals Conflicting Views about Serosorting to Reduce HIV Transmission Risk
SF Forum Reveals Conflicting Views about Serosorting to Reduce HIV Transmission Risk
Bay Area gay and bisexual men hold a wide spectrum of views about condom-free sex and serosorting, according to a well-attended community discussion last week. "Seroadaptive" practices are a popular sexual harm reduction approach, but due to lack of awareness about recent infection, it may actually be safer to have unprotected sex with an HIV positive partner on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with stable viral load suppression.
"Seroadaptive" refers to making decisions about sexual partners and activities taking into account HIV serostatus, which can range from "pure serosorting" (only having sex with same-status partners) to "seropositioning" (negotiating top and bottom roles based on HIV status).
The September 12 forum -- the second in the San Francisco AIDS Foundation (SFAF) and Stop AIDS Project's Real Talk series -- featured a panel of HIV-positive and HIV-negative men moderated by local personality Sister Roma. But the debate was well underway on Facebook in the days leading up to the event.
Introducing the panel, SFAF CEO Neil Giuliano recognized that sex without condoms and sex-related harm reduction can be uncomfortable, bringing up issues around stigma, rejection, ethics, and honesty.
"A condom is still the most effective tool to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections [STIs], but the fact is sometimes condoms go unused and we need to discuss that reality," Giuliano said. "We see this as the beginning of a conversation that, hopefully, will leave guys feeling more empowered to make smart choices about condom use and partnering that are most comfortable to them."
What Happens in the Real World?
A phone text poll conducted during the forum revealed that 97% of audience participants said they had "ever fucked without a condom," while only 3% had not. Another lopsided majority, 85%, answered "no" to the question, "Do you think condom use is the norm in San Francisco?"
In response to a question about how important it is to have sex with someone of the same HIV status, nearly 40% said it was unimportant or of little importance, about 50% said it was important, and 12% opted for very important. About half of respondents said they had consistently had conversations about sex and HIV risk before hooking up, 37% did so sometimes, and 11% said they did not.
Getting down to specifics, panel members talked about their different risk-reduction approaches.
Douglas McLaughlin, a bartender and participants in Stop AIDS' Bridgeman group for men in their 30s and 40s, said he became infected after having sex with a man who claimed he was HIV-negative.
Now, McLaughlin tells prospective partners up-front that he is HIV-positive, and if they don't want to deal with it, he moves on to the next guy. The onus should not always be on positive people to negotiate safer sex, he said. "If you're HIV negative, you have to take personal responsibility to say you want to use a condom."
Ramon Martinez, a clinical psychologist, is HIV positive and in a "magnetic" relationship with a partner who remains negative after eight years. He always uses a condom, both with his partner and in outside relationships -- even with people who are also positive, in order not to bring home other STIs. "I personally hate condoms, but they're necessary in this day and age," he said.
Derek Brocklehurst, a nurse and study coordinator at Quest, is HIV negative and sometimes has sex without condoms with both negative and positive partners. He employs a variety of risk-reduction strategies including frequent HIV testing, in-depth pre-sex conversations about risk, and using Truvada (tenofovir/emtricitabine) for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) -- an indication that just received Food and Drug Administration approval on July 16, 2012.
"My most important message is not to demonize people who choose to have condom-less sex, but to encourage other safer sex strategies," Brocklehurstsaid. "Meet them where they're at and listen to their needs and desires."
Looking at the big picture, SFAF development and operations director Jen Hecht presented findings from a 2008 survey showing that about 40% of HIV negative men and just over 50 percent of HIV positive men in San Francisco said they practiced some form of seroadaptive strategy.
"[Serosorting] is the most common risk reduction strategy, and it seems to be increasing," she summarized.
What Do the Data Show?
But how effective is serosorting?
A 2008 study by Matthew Golden and colleagues found that serosorting was safer than unprotected receptive anal intercourse -- reducing transmission risk by 26% -- but 73% less effective than condom use. A study reported in 2010 found that serosorting was associated with a 64% reduction in HIV transmission compared with unprotected sex, while another showed a 3-fold increase relative to condom use. Furthermore, a more recent study by Golden found that serosorting was less effective among black gay men, who have a high and rising rate of new infections.
The weakness of serosorting and other seroadaptive strategies is incomplete or incorrect information.
"Serosorting by HIV positive men to protect others is totally different from serosorting by HIV negative men thinking it will keep them safe," said forum attendee Carl Barnes. "HIV positive serosorting works because if someone identifies as HIV positive, it means they know they're HIV positive, and if 2 HIV positive men bareback, they can't spread HIV. But HIV negative men who are sexually active cannot know they're HIV-negative."
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 1 in 5 people with HIV are not aware they are infected. Some have never been tested and others have not had a test recently, but even people who test regularly may have been infected recently, before they produce enough antibodies to show up on a standard screening test.
"The people who are reasonably mistaken got tested within the last six months or yesterday, were HIV negative, and are in some stage of acute infection, which makes them more infectious," said long-time community advocate Stephen LeBlanc. "The people who are unreasonably mistaken got tested two years ago, have had an active sex life since then, and insist they are negative because they have been in perfect health since their last test."
HIV viral load can be very high during the acute stage of infection, raising the risk of transmission. Experts think a substantial proportion of new infections are transmitted by people with acute HIV, but again the numbers vary widely in different studies, from less than 10% to nearly 90%.
An HIV RNA test can detect viral genetic material within days, long before an antibody test is accurate (which takes several weeks to a few months). Some people with acute HIV experience symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and headache, but this is often attributed to a routine illness like the flu.
More information needs be shared with HIV negative men about the acute phase or first few months of infection when a HIV antibody test can show up negative but the person can have a high viral load and is in fact, very infectious," said forum participant Rajat Dutta.
Clinicians could offer HIV RNA tests when people at risk for HIV infection present with symptoms suggesting acute infection. But for this to make a difference, "we would need to get every person in the community to see a doctor and get RNA testing every time they get a sniffle," said Henry Raymond from the San Francisco Department of Public Health. "How would we fund this? It would be unsustainable."
In other cases, people may not reveal that they are HIV positive due to fear of the consequences.
"For a practice like serosorting to be effective, we need to strive for a world in which disclosure of HIV-positive status does not come at a risk of violence and rejection," said Cyd Nova, harm reduction services coordinator at the St. James Infirmary."We need to get to a place where those conversations are safe for people to have."
What about ART?
In 2008 the Swiss Federal Commission for HIV/AIDS stated that an HIV positive person on ART with completely suppressed viral load for at least 6 months and no other STIs "is not sexually infectious." More recently, the HPTN 052 trial showed that early antiretroviral treatment reduces the likelihood of HIV transmission within serodiscordant couples by 96%.
But these findings are based on data from heterosexual couples, and in HPTN 052 participants received a comprehensive prevention package in the setting of a clinical trial. Whether the same will hold true for gay men in the real world remains to be seen.
There is ample evidence that the lower a person's plasma viral load, the less likely he is to transmit HIV. However, several studies have found that men with fully suppressed blood viral load can still have HIV in their semen. Data presented last week at the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC 2012), for example, showed that nearly 8% of gay/bisexual men on antiretroviral therapy with undetectable blood viral load intermittently shed HIV in their semen -- more than twice as often as heterosexual men.
When making estimates about infection risk, "community viral load" can also be important. A 2010 study by Moupali Das from the SF DPH and colleagues found that 44% of HIV-positive people in San Francisco have suppressed virus. Nationwide, the CDC put the proportion at 28%.
The effectiveness of ART leads to the counterintuitive conclusion that an HIV positive person on treatment may actually be less likely to transmit the virus than a random person who thinks he is HIV-negative.
"If you have multiple partners (or your partner has multiple partners) and you (or he) only has sex with people who believe they are negative, you are more likely to have sex with someone highly infectious than if you only have sex with people who you know are taking HIV medications regularly and have had undetectable viral load for at least six months," according to LeBlanc.
Nevertheless, the overall sentiment at the forum suggested that serosorting is likely to remain a popular prevention strategy.
"[Gay men] who are serosorting know they're doing harm reduction and that it's not completely safe," said forum participant Jackson Bowman. "People in the community are saying we're not going to use condoms every time. The current message endangers those men by not providing them with tools and information that they can use to reduce their risk."
New prevention approaches are needed for people who have a different experience of HIV/AIDS than those who lived through the worst years of the epidemic in the 1980s and 1990s, another young audience member emphasized. "We need to focus on education...just being scared is not enough."
[An earlier version of this report appeared in the September 19, 2012, Bay Area Reporter.]
San Francisco AIDS Foundation/Stop AIDS. Real Talk: Serosorting -- Fuck without Condoms? Ever? Community forum, September 12, 2012.


I've upgraded my GLUU from 3.1.1 to 3.1.3 using the following link https://gluu.org/docs/ce/3.0.1/upgrade/manual-update/ And the upgraded GLUU is working fine. But I want to install Open DJ on the newer version. Is there any way to install Open DJ after upgrading GLUU.
Praveen, Your best approach for upgrade and switching to OpenDJ from OpenLDAP would be utilizing the [export/import scripts](https://gluu.org/docs/ce/3.1.3.1/upgrade/#upgrade-from-30x-to-3131) as this will allow you to install a fresh version of Gluu Server with OpenDJ as your LDAP server and import the old data with the import scripts.
Praveen, Did you have a chance to look at this?


text:
Rhiannon, R&D, UK
Research & Development Investigator, UK
How GSK teamwork is saving lives across the world
When I was at school, one of my teachers told me he didn't think I should continue studying science. Luckily, I didn't listen to him. In fact, rather than putting me off, his words had the opposite effect.
As a child I was fascinated by diseases and viruses. Seeing pictures of conditions such as elephantiasis made me want to help find cures, and I've always been keen to work at the cutting edge. So back in 1999, when, as a junior university researcher, I was offered the chance of a job with GSK [then SmithKline Beecham], I jumped at it.
In the lab, my work covers two areas of research – they're very different from each other, but I find them equally absorbing. Firstly, I'm an investigator and safety-assessment programme representative for leishmaniasis, the second largest parasitic killer in the world after malaria, and one of the neglected tropical diseases, as identified by the World Health Organisation.
I've developed molecular biology procedures that detect whether the vector with the gene actually gets to the patient – that took about a year.
My days are incredibly varied, but the most exciting part is being in a team of scientists. Around 20 of us – chemists, clinicians, biologists and safety scientists – join forces to get the compound we're working on to clinic.
I liaise with our researches in Italy and Spain and occasionally I'll travel to meet them in person. That's what I like about the pharmaceutical sector: it's genuinely collaborative and we all work towards a common goal.
The length of time it takes to get a product to market can be frustrating – sometimes it can be as much as 10 to 15 years – but as we've seen in the case of Ebola, if there's an urgent need, we can move fast.
Getting schoolchildren involved in science is another thing I enjoy about my role. It never feels like work, and if someone admits they don't like science, I take it as a personal challenge to change their mind.
Along with other GSK employees, I visit schools to talk to classes about what we do, and we host pupils and teachers at our sites – we had nearly 160 young people here during half-term week, which was one of the biggest work-experience projects we've run. One student said it was the best thing she'd ever done.
I am also part of the GSK science education team at the Big Bang Fair during Science Week and one of the team supporting schools that enter our annual competitions for young scientists. In the summer we invite A-level students to do hands-on lab work. They get the chance to try out equipment such as an electron microscope, or nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) – fantastic stuff they'd normally only see in a textbook.
I've been lucky to be able to mould the job to suit my life and interests. I've raised a family as my career has progressed, and GSK supported me through my PhD, which I did part-time at Imperial College, London. Now, there are lots of people in the company who have taken the opportunity to pursue further study.
This article first appeared on the Telegraph STEM Awards website.


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Storbeck/Pimentel & Associates
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Julie E. Tea
Julie has served higher education for more than 25 years and is in her 12th year of executive search.
She assists colleges and universities in searches for presidents, cabinet-level roles, and academic deans. She also regularly advises boards of trustees on presidential transition. Before joining Storbeck/Pimentel, Julie served as associate managing principal and as a senior consultant for two competitor firms.
More than half of Julie's client base consists of repeat clients. In addition, she has developed a strong track record of attracting and yielding candidates of diverse backgrounds. More than 50 percent of her placed candidates are women, and more than 70 percent of her clients' finalist pools have included candidates from underrepresented groups.
Julie has been an invited speaker on executive search, presidential transition, and leadership development at the Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges (AGB) and at the American Council on Education (ACE).
Through prior positions in campus settings, Julie garnered experience working at the executive, graduate, and undergraduate levels. She served as a special assistant and direct report to the president at the University of Richmond, playing a critical role in the development of the institution's leadership team. She also oversaw a successful presidential transition at the university.
Earlier in her career, Julie directed Georgetown University's international undergraduate admission program before moving to the Georgetown Graduate Public Policy Institute (now the McCourt School of Public Policy) to coordinate its academic administration and career development arm. Julie began her work in education abroad, as a teacher of English as a second language for the St. Stephen's School, an international high school in Rome, Italy.
M.A.L.S. Georgetown University
B.A. University of Pennsylvania, History
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Have you ever wanted to impress a date with your sophisticated knowledge of art? Take this quiz to see how you'd fare on a stroll through the Chazen Museum of Art. If you score high, you're ready for a date night at the Chazen to show off what you know. Otherwise, you might consider an art class or two.


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Jennifer Byrne Presents
Bedside Books
10 Classic Beach Books
Coming Up 2017
By the Bed
Five of the Best
by Sally Morgan
Looking at the views and experiences of three generations of indigenous Australians, this autobiography unearths political and societal issues contained within Australia's indigenous culture. Sally Morgan travels to her grandmother's birthplace, starting a search for information about her family. She uncovers her indigenous Australian heritage - information that was kept a secret because of the social stigma. This moving account is a classic of Australian literature that finally frees the tongues of the author's mother and grandmother, allowing them to tell their own stories.
The hospital.
The hospital again, the echo of my reluctant feet through the long, empty corridors. I hated hospitals and hospital smells. I hated to bare boards that gleamed with newly applied polish, the dust-free window-sills, and the flashes of shiny chrome that snatched my distorted shape as we hurried past. I was a grubby five-year-old in an alien environment.
Sometimes I hated Dad for being sick and Mum for making me visit him. Mum only occasionally brought my younger sister and brother, Jill and Billy. I was always in the jockey's seat. My presence ensured no arguments. Mum was sick of arguments, sick and tired.
I sighed in anticipation as we reached the end of the final corridor. The Doors was waiting for me again. Big, chunky doors with thick glass insets in the top. They swung on heavy brass hinges, and when I pushed in, I imagined they were pushing out. If it weren't for Mum's added weight, which was considerable, I'd have gone sprawling every time.
The Doors were covered in green linoleum. The linoleum had a swirl of white and the pattern reminded me of one of Mum's special rainbow cakes. She made them a cream colour with a swirl of pink and chocolate. I thought they were magic. There was no magic in The Doors, I knew what was behind them.
Now and the, I would give an awkward jump and try to peer through the glass and into the ward. Even though I was tall for my age, I never quite made it. All I accomplished were bruises to my knobbly knees and smudged fingermarks on the bottom of the glass.
Sometimes, I pretended Dad wasn't really sick. I imagined that I'd walk through The Doors and he'd be smiling at me. 'Of course I'm not sick,' he's say. 'Come and sit in my lap and talk to me.' And Mum would be there laughing, and all of us would be happy. That was why I used to leap up and try and look through the glass. I always hope that, magically, the view would change.
JENNIFER BYRNE: Tonight, we're looking at Sally Morgan's My Place which started as a search for family and ended as a discovery of identity. Published with little fanfare in 1987, it went into reprint almost immediately, and since being put on various school reading lists has sold around 600,000 copies. We're keen to get your comments on all our classics either via Facebook or video. And one of our Facebookers, Linda Jodner, she was a mum, a young mum in Gilgandra in New South Wales, when she read My Place 30 years ago and she posted - 'It's funny how you can remember where you were when you read books that changed your attitude, your beliefs or your life. I can even remember where I sat to read it.' And Jill Mennell Penny said, 'I loved My Place. I read when my children were very small and living in Darwin, as I do now. It was in the middle of a monsoon. What else can you do but read?' Good choice. Maxine, you brought this book. I assume you are one of those who read it during your school years?
MAXINE BENEBA CLARKE: Yeah, I read it in my mid-teens and absolutely loved it. I hadn't read anything like it, particularly by an Australian writer. And it was just particularly that first section, I think, that eased into the kind of stories of Sally's grandmother and his brother. Just really spoke to me, this kind of the old folks having these secrets and being kind of really afraid and unwilling. Particularly 'cause of my family background as well. You always kind of feel like there's something people are not talking about.
JENNIFER BYRNE: You identify with that, there'd been talking... behind your back.
MAXINE BENEBA CLARKE: Yeah, yeah. You know, you come from... I come from a Caribbean background, not an Indigenous background, but kind of this idea of a history that's just not spoken about. You know it's kind of there between the surface, every now and then you hear something. So that kind of slow unwinding with the structure of the book, of getting this just ordinary family story that gradually kind of leads to this unravelling of history.
JENNIFER BYRNE: For a long time, it actually isn't particularly an Indigenous story at all. It's like any really lively girl growing up in '50s and '60s Perth, poor but happy. Didn't you feel that?
ZOE DANIEL: It's such a serious story very lightly told, particularly in the first half. It's almost like an all-over-the-place memoir, you know, all these snippets of things that happened. But, you know, having read it when I was probably between 16 or 17 and then re-reading it, I found it so valuable to read it again, you know, with everything that we've now talked about, about the Stolen Generations and the sort of gradual exposure of what communities have lost, I just found it really fantastic and very moving.
MARIEKE HARDY: I'm glad you said it's on school lists because it feels to me compulsory reading for kids of a certain age in Australia. And it is lightly told and I guess it's not 1987 anymore and the more we learn about the Stolen Generation, the more harrowing the details become. Sometimes I read this thinking, 'Well, I know it's much darker than that and I know the darker corners now because they have been exposed and that's good.' But for a 14-, 15-year-old, 11-, 12-year-old, I think it's a really important beginning for the discussion because it makes the violence not palatable but it makes the violence accessible, it's got a deeper understanding of generational secrets. So it feels like YA novel to me and I think that probably time and literature have given us other darker pointers towards that time.
JENNIFER BYRNE: Actually, just like to drop in here. There's a video comment which goes to that. Her name is Robin Riedstra and this is what she said.
ROBIN RIEDSTRA: Hi, I'm Robin. When I first read Sally Morgan's My Place I found it really accessible and it made me want to read more and more texts in that genre. But other people have criticised it as being too accessible and so that once people had read that they felt they knew the Indigenous story and didn't need to read any more. What are your thoughts on the matter?
JENNIFER BYRNE: I thought that was a really good question, actually. I mean, because you read it and... It's got these three stories within the story of the mother and the grandmother and the grandmother's brother, all of whom talk about how they were stolen from the family. And you read that and you feel that you're across this idea.
JASON STEGER: Well, you're across one particular family's experience of it but you're never gonna get across the whole thing. It is accessible but I think that the way it's structured with their sort of three stories - there's three very specific stories of grandmother, mother and uncle, or great-uncle, in there - take it away to a certain extent from that feel, that accessible feel, and you're then sort of plunged into an element of documentary history, I think. Oral history, I suppose.
JENNIFER BYRNE: It hardens up, let's be honest. It starts with all this sort of ha-ha, and by the end the narratives of the three Stolen people, I mean, it becomes a much tougher book.
MAXINE BENEBA CLARKE: And I think the use of the child's voice in the beginning is just so effective. I mean, you could... I felt you could tell stories in this voice forever, and then moving into... she really changed the voices. I agree that the sections written from the points of view of the elders, they weren't like memoir or even like biography. It was almost this historical document.
MARIEKE HARDY: That was her taping them, that was her transcript.
MAXINE BENEBA CLARKE: But it would be interesting to know, 'cause she talked about the fact that there were several conversations and she had to go back to certain things. So it read like a transcript but I think it would be interesting to know how much.
JASON STEGER: I think it's been...
JENNIFER BYRNE: There have been challenges. I don't know if this was covered when you were learning about it in school, but there were questions and have been questions raised about the authenticity of those stories of the actual details of, you know, who was father to who and... Do you think that matters? And Sally Morgan has never officially...
MARIEKE HARDY: Was it certain News Limited columnists asking questions or...?
ZOE DANIEL: She raises the doubts herself within the text repeatedly, you know. And it because it reads like an oral history, sort of reading it thinking, 'Well, that could be wrong, or maybe it's right,' and it sort of is what it is. You just have to take it on face value because I think the way that she's written into it that it can never be fully confirmed because of the dispersal of these communities, the impossibility of tracking these people sort of goes to the whole point of the thing.
JASON STEGER: There's one particular claim that... about a parent and she doesn't actually come out and say, 'Well, so and so was the father.' It's certainly implied and if you're reading it, you know, you cannot but infer from what she says. But in the end, if you're writing a book like this and you're talking to your family and their people, who will you believe?
JENNIFER BYRNE: The bit I loved and I'd love you to talk about it in a bit was when finally they go off together on kind of a pilgrimage, and they go back to the station where they... she spent all those summers.
MAXINE BENEBA CLARKE: I think the writing there was beautiful and I thought... I mean, I agree it could have done with some editing, but I think her writing in many ways is quite lean. There's not a lot of over-describing and I think that section could have been really heavily sentimental, 'cause obviously they're going back to country, this is a really emotional thing, but I think it was just beautifully written in terms of them just meeting people and just the tears, you know, that she didn't really need to write much more. I think this slow kind of travelling across country and meeting these people and gradually working out where they belong was really skilfully done.
JENNIFER BYRNE: Lovely. Thank you for bringing that.
MAXINE BENEBA CLARKE: Thank you.
JENNIFER BYRNE: That's Sally Morgan's My Place and that is our show for tonight. Thank you to our guests. Thank you to Zoe, to Marieke, to Jason and to Maxine.
Sally Morgan was born in Perth, in 1951. She is a full-time painter and writer. For as long as she can remember Sally wanted to paint and write. However, at school she was discouraged from expressing herself through her art because her teachers failed to see the promise in her individual style.
It was not until she researched her family history and discovered her Aboriginal identity that she found meaning in her images, and gained the confidence to pick up her paints again.
She has published books for both adults and children, including her acclaimed autobiography, My Place.
She has also established a national reputation as an artist and has works in many private and public collections in Australia and the United States.
Sally Morgan's books, paintings and screenprints have earned awards and wide-spread popularity.
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Pantalica, Syracuse, Sicily, is located on a limestone promontory and is best known for its rock-cut tombs (13th to 7th centuries BC.).
Surrounded by a deep gorge formed by Calcinara and Anapo rivers, is also an important nature reserve (Riserva Naturale Orientata Pantalica): bat caves, flora and fauna.
The Sicels gave Sicily the name it has held since antiquity, but they rapidly fused into the culture of Magna Graecia.
New large sites, like Pantalica, appeared in the hilly coastal hinterlands, probably chosen for defensive reasons.
The remains visible today consist mainly of numerous prehistoric burial chambers cut into the limestone rock, sometimes provided with a porch or short entrance corridor in front of the burial chamber, originally sealed with stones or a slab.
There are also some larger rock-cut houses of uncertain date (often said to be Byzantine, but possibly of earlier origin). The so-called anaktoron, or princely palace, located near the top of the hill, is also controversial. Thought by some archaeologists originally to have been a Late Bronze Age building, inspired by palatial buildings of the Greek (Mycenaean) Bronze Age, it was more certainly occupied in the Byzantine period. The remains of a large defensive ditch, cut into the limestone, are clearly visible at Filiporto (on the western side of the promontory, nearest to Ferla). This probably dates to the 4th century BC and represents a defensive work of Greek military design, possibly in line with a policy of Dionysius of Syracuse, designed to secure allied sites in the hinterland. There are also three small Medieval rock-cut chapels popularly called the Grotta del Crocifisso (near the North cemetery), Grotta di San Nicolicchio (on the southern side) and Grotta di San Micidario (at Filiporto), which preserve very faint traces of frescoes and attest the presence of small monastic communities.


text:
Courtney Marsh (* 1986 oder 1987 in Fort Lauderdale, Florida) ist eine US-amerikanische Filmregisseurin, Filmproduzentin und Drehbuchautorin.

Karriere
Courtney Marsh wurde in Fort Lauderdale, Florida geboren, wuchs dort auf und ging auf die St. Mark's Episcopal Church School. Ihre Eltern sind Kerry und Corinne Marsh. Ihr Bruder studiert an der Cornell University. Marsh machte 2004 ihren Abschluss an der St. Thomas University und nahm am Filmprogramm der UCLA teil. Nach ihrem Abschluss im Jahr 2008 widmete sie sich den Kurzfilmen. Ihre Karriere als Regisseurin begann mit dem Kurzfilm Amuse Bouche 2009. Für den Kurzfilm Manifestations of a Happy Couple verfasste sie das Drehbuch, war als Produzentin und Regisseurin verantwortlich. Im Jahr 2015 wurde ihr Film Chau, Beyond the Lines veröffentlicht, wofür sie eine Oscar-Nominierung bei der Oscarverleihung 2016 erhielt.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 2009: Amuse Bouche (Kurzfilm)
 2011: Blown Away (Kurzfilm)
 2011: One Way Street (Kurzfilm)
 2012: Manifestations of a Happy Couple (Kurzfilm)
 2013: Mien (Kurzfilm)
 2014: Zari (Kurzfilm)
 2014: The Tulip Chair (Kurzfilm)
 2015: Chau, Beyond the Lines (Dokumentarkurzfilm)

Weblinks

 Offizielle Website (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Filmproduzent
Filmregisseur
Drehbuchautor
US-Amerikaner
Geboren im 20. Jahrhundert
Frau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Welcome to the new COLLEGE FINANCIAL AID COUNSELING AND EDUCATIONAL SERVICES website! We are still adding content so check back often. We've worked hard to make sure the info you need is easier to find than ever!


Financing can be difficult to access especially in new and untested environments such as the newly liberalized electricity market. But as more and more success stories emerge from both the electricity auction processes and business ventures in the country, the outlook is increasingly clear. Private financing is starting to take its place beside multilateral and state development institutions as the potential for revenues becomes evident. New instruments such as Clean Energy Certificates (CELs) are also in the spotlight for their potential financial interest.
This chapter brings together financing entities such as private banks and both national and international development banks and lending institutions to discuss their approach toward the energy sector, what their foreign experience brings to the table and the potential to offer increased access to resources for companies to take advantage of the openings provided by the Energy Reform. It also examines the emergent "green financing" strategies influencing the availability of funds for energy projects in the country.


You found the perfect home with people who love you.
So smart that you know so many tricks.
People, and your "husband" love you.
Hi Cassie! Happy Dog of the Day!
So, let's review! You're gorgeous, athletic, intelligent and talented; joyful, bursting with personality with a heart of gold! Who could ask for more in a furkid! But wait! I forget to add what makes you so EXTRA special! You're a rescue!!! Endless thanks to your mom for choosing adoption, opening up her home and heart to one amazing, beautiful, most deserving girl! If anyone should ever doubt the priceless rewards of rescue they need only read your backstory, your proud mom's glowing, love filled tribute, pore over your heart-melting photos! How blessed she is, having a furkid, a best friend, a furry soulmate in you, Cassie! You truly are the love of her life, and understandably so! You're just as special as they come, a treasure, simply the best! No doubt about it! You and your mom were destined to be as one, together forever!
Thanks for the BIG smiles, sweetheart! Reading heartwarming rags to riches stories such as yours is what makes Dog of the Day so special! I hope you're enjoying a fun filled, action packed day of celebration, sweetheart...spending special time with your beloved Aussie doggie mate; playing ball and chasing critters; chowing down on chicken and steak, hehe; cuddling with your mom; being loved and pampered to pieces! Lots of love, hugs and kisses to you, beautiful Cassie, our very special and most deserving Dog of the Day, EVERY day! Love to your hubbie, too!
Dearest Cassie, what a beautiful Hungarian Vizsla you are! You are absolutely gorgeous in those great photos, with your lovely brown fur and brown eyes and big pink tongue. And how sweet, you and your dear person smooching! We are so glad you were rescued and came to the shelter, where you and your dear Furrrever family met and adopted each other! You are very smart and full of energy, and you make your dear people smile with your antics and tricks. And how nice to learn of your Australian Shepherd husband! You and he and your dear special friend all love each other very much, don't you. What a wonderful love-filled home you share!
Congratulations, darling Cassie, on being chosen today's Dog of the Day! We hope you and your dear husband and special friend and barn cats and all your family and friends are enjoying a fine celebration, full of fun and lovies and all your favorite games and treats.
Congratulations on being today's Dog of the Day, beautiful Cassie!


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Constitution Proposals & V2025: A Double Deception?
A couple of weeks ago, the Prime Minister, Ranil Wickremesinghe, tabled in the Parliament the recommendations of the steering committee on constitutional reforms. Prior to that six committee reports were tabled. It is good that all these documents in all three languages are now available in the web so that people who are interested in the subject can consult them. This article by any means does aim at a comprehensive analysis of these reports although such an effort would be extremely important as these documents would be the basis of the future supreme law of the island. So far the discussion has revolved round two issues, namely. (1) is this a unitary or federal constitution? and (2) will the changes introduced into the Article 9 of the present constitution water down the constitutional status of the Buddhism? The subject that I intend to discuss in this article is of course linked with the first issue. However, the level and degree of devolution, does not affect directly the basic argument of the present article. Here, my intention is to examine the nexus between devolution and development. First, I shall discuss, at somewhat abstract level, the impact of devolved state structure on economic development. In the second part of the article, the relevant constitutional proposals would be examined in relation to the government economic perspective document, V2025 that was released sometime back at a big ceremony at the BMICH.
I should emphasize my definition of economic development closely follows Dudley Sears's well-known definition of development. It includes (1) a reasonable rate of growth; and (2) the reduction of poverty, unemployment and inequality from its existing levels. I would add to the list a third element, the maintenance of ecological balance at a reasonable level.
The additional fiscal burden emanating from new state structures may be compensated at least partly by increasing governmental revenue if the provincial states are more effective in revenue collection than the central administration is. Similarly, the provincial governments may be cost-effective in case of program implementation especially due to proximity factor.
Secondly, it has been generally agreed that matters ought to be handled by the smallest, lowest or least centralized competent authority so that needs and aspirations of respective communities will receive due respect in decision-making. In other words, decisions should be taken at a local level if possible, rather than by a central authority. This principle of subsidiarity allows peoples' direct engagement in decision-making on subjects that affects their life. Thus decision-making and responsibility go together.
Thirdly, as VitoTanzi has argued, "a decentralized system can become a surrogate for competition, bringing to the public sector some of the allocative benefits that a competitive markets brings to the private sector". Hence, It may have positive impact on economic development as people can compare different economic policies adopted by respective local administration.
Finally, Decentralized/ devolved / federal state structure would help reducing regional economic disparities by minimizing center and urban bias in economic decision-making. However, to what extent these four principles would impact on economic development has to be examined by either analyzing the performance of the existing provincial council system or looking at the place and importance given to the proposed state structures in the new economic plan. This requires not abstract theorizing but the concrete analysis of the concrete situation.
Recently the Sirisena-Wickremesinghe government has released its V2025 document that outlines how the government proposes to manage the Sri Lankan economy in the next 8 years (2018- 2015). It is interesting to note that this is the fourth economic perspective document in the last 32 months period. Similarly the Prime Minister has tabled Steering Committee proposals on the new constitution. The proposed state structure in the new constitution would appear as in Figure 1. It appears there would be four or three tier state structure.
We will introduce supportive legal reforms. In particular the new Inland Revenue Act, Foreign Exchange Act, Voluntary Disclosures of Income Act, State Land Bank Act, Anti Dumping Act, State Commercial Enterprises Act, Ports and Airports Act, Ruhunu Economic Development Corporation Act, Lands (Special Provisions) Act, Sustainable Development Act, Liability Management Act, and National Debt Office Act will considerably improve the business-friendly environment.
No reference to the proposed state structure or how it would become a part of the "new approach to growth". Once again Chapter 6 of the V2025 that entitles "strengthening the growth framework" does not have a reference as to how the intergovernmental relations would be a part of this framework. The irony is it discusses private-public partnership but not the center-provincial partnership. In Chapter 7 we find the following statement. "The Government will establish major economic development zones such as Ruhuna & Wayamba and mega projects of urban development. Megapolis project". It is very clear that there no linkage between these mega projects and the provincial councils. In other words the same mechanism that existed under the last regime in which center plays the the sole and critical role will remain unchanged. The words using Ruhuna & Wayamba make it clear that the people who drafted V2025 did not have any idea about the constitutional proposals.
"We will implement the Grama Rajya (GR) concept. GR is our proposal to address gaps in people's participation in Government and development. GR will enable local communities to become stakeholders in the development of their community, and integrate local projects with mainstream development agendas. The main objectives of GR centre around the socioeconomic and cultural development of localities, social well-being, shared ownership of social economic goods, and alignment of local development with national development goals. GR will create a space in which people participation in Local Government can function within the country's larger macroeconomic framework.
– We will create 2,500 units across Sri Lanka to operationalise GR. The creation of these units will consider factors such as economic convergence and viability, social cohesion, geographical layout, for the purpose of creating a citizen-demand driven mechanism.
Besides this inconsistency between the economic plan and the proposed economic structure it can be said that V2025 is a weak document based on totally unrealistic foundation and flawed theoretical framework. However, what is equally clear is it fails to understand the nexus between the state structure and the economic plan. This shows either total ignorance in the part of policy makers or their objectives to deceive people of all communities with broken promises.
This is the text of the talk delivered at the seminar organized by the Bar Association of Sri Lanka in Polonnaruwa and Matale on October 7 and 8.
Realizing Muslim Women's Rights - When Is The Right Time?
Read the area, no of provincial or state govts, no of politicians per govt, and no of federal politicians or Senators for USA. NEw york: area 55.000 sq. miles, 27 state politicians and two federal politicians. the president has cabinet ministers aka Secretaries all of whom are professionals. See Sri lanka Ranil di dnot do anything he said this time. Instead he emptied the central bank, and almost bankrupted the EPF and state banks. Besides, it is not published, they sold part of a private bank (commercial bank) to a foreigner. No one sells banks to foerigners because, they can manipulate currency and bankrupt the currency. Ranil's plan is to become Executive prime minister. Why a people selected executive president is bad over the parliament elected – executive prime minister ?. Praja sabha is constitutional council. they will create one for north and one for east etc., PRaja sabha is CATALONIC coming to Sri lanka. Sri lanka becoming a KERALA. HIndu majority is sidelined and christiand and muslims run the state. BTW. Sri lanka is 25,000 sq. miles and ten govts. who is going tio pay for all. those women who are working in the middle east ?. Saudi arabia has already started austerity measures. So the remittances will only go down and not up.
The question even the presstitutes not talking is, HORAPALANAYA govt removed wijedasa Rajapakse saying he is not prosecuting Rajapakses. NEw female minister who di dnot do anything for overseas employed womenis silent now. instead of Rajapakse prosecuting another dishinest Rajapakse BASIL is promoting UNP in the NOrht and East. Why Central bank theft is covered now. no one is arrested. Instead, Ranil goes for a foreign trip. MY3 goes to an indian KOVIL with the whole family. MY3 whole families toured New york too. IS he scared of something. one after the other overseas trips by the whole family. In between only event was, he reenacted Mahinda Rajapakse's paddy field preparation nadagama. How he is going to agriculturally develop the country MY3 himself built tube wells and wells are dried now. He thinks whole sri lanka is dry and imports rice.
The article says ~ "…………As a well known public finance economist, Prof Ursula Hicks had pointed out 'a single unitary constitution would almost certainly be cheaper to run'……..".
Unitary constitution (whatever it is) has not worked in Lanka for 70 years and has reached the use-by date. We were told that the treacherous Tamils caused this mal-function. Finally the truth has emerged- It is the competition between two groups from the majority community. It is no longer "cheaper to run". Bribes are getting bigger and bigger.
It has become necessary to tweek the unitary system. Both players say that a federal form of governance will lead to separation. This mindset comes off competition not out of conviction.
It is not the UNitary govt, it is bankrupt southern politicians, particularly SWRD who screwed up the country. Otherwise, there was no Tamil national language in the country. there were only about 10% of tamils to serve 90% of sinhale people. Every thing began after SWRD with the help of LSSP. those things should be reversed back.
Why Ranil Wicramasinghe is this dumb. Just like a few cultivations officers, aka UNP organizers for each electorate, that a former UNP,,,, Ranil is starting so many Gama Rajaya sabhas. why doe snot he asks them to be self sufficient by asking them to tax the what ever the area. Why Ranil is deoending on the women in the middle east to fund all his stupid plans. I think a grade 10 kid would better than him.
Sri lankan political syatem is an unbelievable disaster and a wastage of money. the greater toronto area isthe area of 2200 Sq. miles (or 899 sq. KM) approximately, has five municiplities some of which are just rural municipalities. population is 6 million. NPC in Sri lanka 14 sq. KM and is a govt which has 38 politicians. Calculate how do they earn their salaries,perks and benefits if they are self sustaining and tax the public. It would be definitely be bankrupt. See what Ranil is going to do. why the Public silent. Eventhe Sri lankan NGOs are bankrupt and they are just working for some one else's money. Another bunch of thieves. where ever, I see, it is the same story.
The Unitary and Federal will be at the two extremes of a continuum. it is true that underdeveloped regions will opt for more resources diverted to welfare and economy of scale compromised,but balance development is a favorable outcome that should be encouraged.
Hence, It may have positive impact on economic development as people can compare different economic policies adopted by respective local administration.
The so-called devolution of administration-rule by several regions divided into Provincial levels are aim at dismantle center authority of law of Sovereignty. The majority people power of democracy will be regain by regional bourgeois, that will be extensively exploitation and plundering of national wealth be unprecedented scale in the system of" Democratic -devolution".
People level of poverty become moving towards bad to worse by that time, New Petty bourgeoisies being rule of democracy administration tools be in more repressive state in center as well as regions!
The range of political corruption expanded by unlimited scale center to regions by ruling Parties leaderships .
There is no democratic accountability for the by elected resrestsntives of politicos and their ruling parties. This model of modern democracy and political classes ,parties and their leaders are NO Responsibility and accountability what ever parties in terms of governances?
Indeed the corruptions frauds and scandals that the key role democracy; what ever the party being to political-power .
In fact political classes are granted by unknown voters ,the very reasons is that ignorance of the citizens after being to the helm of authority rules, then the votes are powerless and voiceless result of that democracy confined to few-rich and companies CEOs.
MS, Ranil Wicks and CBK on three-in -one that similar pattern of democracy proposed until 2025 to be completed without mandate?
That is well organized system of Western Valued Democracy accepted by USA, UK, EU-countries of 27 nations , Canada ,Australia and Japan?


text:
Home Calendar Holidays
When Is Valentine's Day 2019?
Thu, Feb 14, 2019 – 53 countries
Sat, Sep 21, 2019 – Colombia
Fri, Feb 14, 2020 – 53 countries
Valentine's Day is a time when people show feelings of love, affection and friendship. It is celebrated in many ways worldwide and falls on February 14 each year.
Many people see Valentine's Day as a special day to express one's love for another.
©iStockphoto.com/mammamaart
What Do People Do?
Many people around the world celebrate Valentine's Day by showing appreciation for the people they love or adore. Some people take their loved ones for a romantic dinner at a restaurant while others may choose this day to propose or get married. Many people give greeting cards, chocolates, jewelry or flowers, particularly roses, to their partners or admirers on Valentine's Day.
It is also a time to appreciate friends in some social circles and cultures. For example, Valentine's Day in Finland refers to "Friend's day", which is more about remembering all friends rather than focusing solely on romance. Valentine's Day in Guatemala is known as Day of Love and Friendship). It is similar to Valentine's Day customs and traditions countries such as the United States but it is also a time for many to show their appreciation for their friends.
Public Life
Valentine's Day is not a public holiday in many countries, including Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. However, restaurants, hotels and shopping centers may be busy around this time of the year.
The origins of Valentine's Day are not clear but many sources believe that it stems from the story of St Valentine, a Roman priest who was martyred on or around February 14 in the year 270 CE. How he became the patron saint of lovers remains a mystery but one theory is that the church used the day of St Valentine's martyrdom to Christianize the old Roman Lupercalia, a pagan festival held around the middle of February.
The ancient ceremony included putting girls' names in a box and letting the boys draw them out. Couples would then be paired off until the following year. The Christian church substituted saints' names for girls' names in hope that the participant would model his life after the saint whose name he drew. However, it was once again girls' names that ended up in the box by the 16th century.
Eventually the custom of sending anonymous cards or messages to those whom one admired became the accepted way of celebrating Valentine's Day. There was an increase in interest in Valentine's Day, first in the United States and then in Canada, in the mid-19th century. Early versions of Valentine cards fashioned of satin and lace and ornamented with flowers, ribbons, and images of cupids or birds appeared in England in the 1880s.
Hearts, the colors red and pink, roses, images and statues of cupids, and cupids' bows and arrows symbolize the feeling of romance and love on Valentine's Day. Cupid is usually portrayed as a small winged figure with a bow and arrow. In mythology, he uses his arrow to strike the hearts of people. People who fall in love are sometimes said to be "struck by Cupid's arrow". The day focuses on love, romance, appreciation and friendship.
We diligently research and continuously update our holiday dates and information. If you find a mistake, please let us know.
Other Names and Languages
Le jour de la Saint-Valentin
वेलेंटाइन डे
Valentinsdagen
Russian (latin)
Den' Svjatogo Valentina
Valentine's Day in …


Patchwork [6/9] Support TLS variables on FreeBSD/amd64.
Subject: [PATCH 6/9] Support TLS variables on FreeBSD/amd64.
fbsd_get_thread_local_address to compute the final variable address.
core dumps on FreeBSD do not store the value of fs_base.
+	* amd64-fbsd-tdep.c (amd64fbsd_get_thread_local_address): New.
* fbsd-tdep.c (fbsd_pspace_data_handle): New variable.


text:
A Groundbreaking 1961 Documentary Laid Bare Chicago's Racial Disparities
Mark Byrnes
Ten years after the Cicero riots came an award-winning film called The City of Necessity.
Mid-century Chicago was far from a harmonious place. Through the first half of the century, thousands of African-Americans moved into the city from the South. Whites, often angrily, resisted the changing demographics, crassly referring to local neighborhoods as "good" (white), "going" (changing), or "gone" (black). That kind of attitude was demonstrated perhaps at its worst when thousands of rioters in 1951 attempted to stop a black family from moving into a new apartment in the industrial suburb of Cicero.
Ten years after the Cicero riots came an award-winning documentary called The City of Necessity, produced cooperatively by the Chicago City Missionary Society. In it, we see a Chicago that, despite a spree of new public housing construction, was far from solving its persistent poverty and racial tensions.
Earlier this week, Chicago architecture writer Lee Bey uncovered the 52-year old documentary on his WBEZ blog, pointing out a quote in the film from then-Mayor Richard J. Daley in which (astoundingly) he says, "we have no ghetto and we have no negro ghetto." The documentary, ripe with devastating imagery from Chicago's impoverished African-American communities and its mostly substandard housing, poignantly cuts to a girl on a swing that appears ready to bring down the doorway holding it up as Daley finishes his blunt, and clearly untrue statement.
@markbyrnes525
Mark Byrnes is a senior associate editor at CityLab who writes about design and architecture.
We Were Promised Moon Cities
It's been 50 years since Apollo 11 put humans on the surface of the moon. Why didn't we stay and build a more permanent lunar base? Lots of reasons.


31 Jan / 2019(549)…Cricket's fourth format(Day/night Test)has been result oriented.
There has been scarcity of drawn test matches in last few years. Since World Cup 2015 only 15.26 % drawn test matches. Last year (2018)in 48 tests there were only 5 drawn test matches(5/48 = 10.41%)including two day/night matches.
The advent of day-night test has created an interesting situation for test matches. In 11 test matches, not a single drawn game!.
Cricket's fourth format – A Test match that is played under-lights using a pink ball is combination of test match and limited over matches. Cricket's fourth version or fourth format!.
Interestingly none of the 11 Test matches were closely fought or had low margin of success.
6 Test matches got over with day or more to spare.
Sri Lanka is the only touring team to win away from home under lights. They won in West Indies(2018) and in UAE v Pakistan(2017).
In a test match, big scores keeps your opponent in arms distance for most times. Hence a substantial lead (of > 100 runs) in 1st innings is key to winning matches.
Interestingly there were six 200+ runs 1st inn lead in day/night matches!.
If your lead is less than substantial, then chances of winning or saving the test is very thin.
In rare case Sri Lanka happen to win(by 4 wkts) in West Indies after conceding -50 Runs lead.
Batting in fourth inning is a tough task, hence we finds low scores in last innings of a match. However in 2016 at Brisbane, Pakistan manage to score 450 in 4th inn under lights. This was only the 20th time in history of test cricket a team managed to score 400 in 4th inns. Nevertheless Pakistan lost that test match by 39 runs chasing 490 runs. They had conceded a massive 1st inn lead of 287 runs!.


text:
Germany 1933–45
Heeres-Hefte für die Hitler-Jugend, Folge 13, 1944. Shelfmark: P.P.5991.gac.
As well as the usual academic and literary works acquired from Germany during the National Socialist period, the Library has a large number of more general and popular items from this period acquired after the Second World War via the Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF).
At the end of the War the Allied forces in Europe made a point of confiscating German books published since 1933 from countries that had been under German occupation and collecting them at the SHAEF offices in Paris. Some thousands of these books now form part of the British Library's collections in both London and Boston Spa.
These are not academic publications, but books for practical everyday use or aimed at the general reader, the majority with a more or less overt Nazi ideological slant. The collection forms an almost unparalleled collection of primary source material for the study of this era. The materials may be divided into various categories or subjects:
Popular works on history, geography and international relations
Contemporary history, e.g. German successes in World War II, biographies of leading National Socialists
Politics, economics, agriculture
Racial theories
Military science; material for for soldiers in occupied countries; guides to military careers; military regulations; pay-scales
Popular literature
Children's books, including fiction and handbooks for members of the Nazi youth movements
Books of practical advice, e.g. on air-raid precautions, vocational training, guides for soldiers planning to return to civilian life.
Material in the above categories is not kept together in one place, but all the books are entered in the online catalogue, Explore the British Library.
A longer description of the collection and its origins can be found in A.D. Harvey, 'Confiscated Nazi Books in the British Library', Electronic British Library Journal (2003)
Most of the SHAEF material can be ordered to any of the St Pancras Reading Rooms.
The Wiener Library for the Study of the Holocaust & Genocide also has excellent holdings of propaganda material from the Nazi Period, including a collection of over 400 children's books.
Germanic studies
Resources for the study of Germanic countries, past and present