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text:
Brooklyn Paper is a weekly newspaper that covers news related exclusively to the New York City borough of Brooklyn. Brooklyn Paper covers news and cultural events throughout the borough, using different mastheads for neighborhoods such as Park Slope, Brooklyn Heights, Bay Ridge, etc. In addition to news coverage, the paper also publishes a weekly entertainment guide entitled GO Brooklyn.  It was founded in 1978.

Though the various print editions are published once a week, Brooklyn Paper's website is updated every weekday with stories.

In January 2007, the company name "Brooklyn Papers" was renamed "The Brooklyn Paper", and the local editions (The Park Slope Paper, The Bay Ridge Paper) were all renamed The Brooklyn Paper with the local edition printed under the title. The local editions currently include The Bay Ridge Courier (covering Bay Ridge, Dyker Heights, and Bensonhurst), Brooklyn Paper, (covering Brooklyn Heights, Downtown, Cobble Hill, and all of northern Brooklyn), The Park Slope Courier (covering Park Slope, Crown Heights, Carroll Gardens, and Gowanus), Bay News (covering Coney Island, Gravesend, and Brighton Beach), and The Mill-Marine Courier (covering Mill Basin, Marine Park, Sheepshead Bay, and Canarsie).

The paper was bought by News Corporation in 2009. News Corporation had previously acquired the Courier-Life chain of Brooklyn papers in 2006. In 2014, News Corp sold its Community Newspaper Group to former company executive Les Goodstein and his wife Jennifer.

Schneps Media acquired Brooklyn Paper in September 2018 after purchasing its parent company, Community News Group.

References

External links
The Brooklyn Paper
GO Brooklyn
Brooklyn Papers Moves Headquarters To DUMBO
Today's Brooklyn Papers
Another Brooklyn Endorsement

Newspapers published in Brooklyn
Publications established in 1978
1978 establishments in New York City

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Бусьё-ле-Руа́ (, ) — коммуна во Франции, находится в регионе Рона — Альпы. Департамент коммуны — Ардеш. Входит в состав кантона Турнон-сюр-Рон. Округ коммуны — Турнон-сюр-Рон.

Код INSEE коммуны — 07040.

Коммуна расположена приблизительно в 460 км к юго-востоку от Парижа, в 85 км южнее Лиона, в 35 км к северу от Прива в долине реки .

Население
Население коммуны на 2008 год составляло 277 человек.

Экономика
В 2007 году среди 169 человек в трудоспособном возрасте (15—64 лет) 129 были экономически активными, 40 — неактивными (показатель активности — 76,3 %, в 1999 году было 68,5 %). Из 129 активных работали 109 человек (67 мужчин и 42 женщины), безработных было 20 (13 мужчин и 7 женщин). Среди 40 неактивных 14 человек были учениками или студентами, 15 — пенсионерами, 11 были неактивными по другим причинам.

Достопримечательности
 Дом бальи. Исторический памятник с 1927 года.
 Церковь XIII века в готическом стиле.
 Музей .
 Королевский мост. Исторический памятник с 1927 года.

Фотогалерея

См. также
 Список округов Франции

Примечания

Ссылки

Коммуны департамента Ардеш


text:
ALERT: Is a film in trouble if it hasn't reached 30% awareness by 60 days out?
Box office watchers wouldn't be blamed for having a case of whiplash right now. We have witnessed enormous wins with SPIDER-MAN: NO WAY HOME scoring the 2nd largest opening weekend ever and SCREAM recording the 2nd best debut for a January horror film.
And yet, these box office successes have been coupled with a slew of major disappointments, including THE 355, THE KING'S MAN, WEST SIDE STORY, NIGHTMARE ALLEY, and A JOURNAL FOR JORDAN.
The obvious takeaway is that people will still see a movie on the big screen – even with the United States averaging 700,000 Covid cases a day – but they are highly selective about what films are worthy of a trip to the theater.
That means studios, now more than ever, need to understand what films will drive people to the multiplex and which may not be worth a theatrical-sized marketing expense.
With that in mind, here are a few statistics about the 2021 theatrical business.
In 2021, 69% of the domestic box office came from movies with a production budget of $100M or more. If that sounds high, that's because it is. A decade ago, that number was 33%, and in 2019, it was 49%.
The 2021 figure would be even higher if BLACK WIDOW, THE SUICIDE SQUAD, GODZILLA Vs. KONG, DUNE, and THE MATRIX RESURRECTIONS had been given straight theatrical releases.
When we look at the 15 highest-grossing films with a budget below $100M, 14 are either horror films (6) or animated/family films (8). Only HOUSE OF GUCCI falls outside those two genres.
Yes, tentpoles, horror, and family films are driving the box office right now. Sound familiar? The three biggest box office hits over the past month were a tentpole (SPIDER-MAN), a horror film (SCREAM), and a family film (SING 2).
We don't want a world where theatrical is made up of only these three types of films. At the same time, it's becoming clear that only select titles from outside those genres will work on the big screen. Identifying and nurturing those breakout winners will be crucial.
The Quorum now has a sizable enough historical library to help identify potential breakout hits well before release.
Since last May, there have been 41 films released to theaters. We're not talking about hybrids, day-and-date releases, VODS, or limited releases. We're talking movies that had wide openings exclusively in theaters.
That's not many, but in our effort to understand the new box office normal, it's enough for us to begin to identify patterns in the data. One such pattern has emerged.
It turns out that if a film hasn't reached 30% awareness by the time it reaches 60 days before release (DBR), it has only an 8% chance of opening above $20M.
Conversely, if a film has reached 30% awareness at 60 DBR, it has an 80% chance of opening above $20M.
It will be interesting to see if these numbers hold as our sample size grows beyond 41 films. As of now, though, it's compelling for two reasons.
First, it suggests that in most cases, a film's box office fate is determined as early as two months before release.
Second, an early read on awareness can help inform a studio's marketing spend for a movie.
With that 30%/$20M rule in mind, let's take a look at the films that are just outside the 60-day window. The films below are scheduled to hit theaters in April and May. They have been sorted into three groups.
The "Good Shape" group includes films that have already crossed the 30% mark or are very close.
The "Could Go Either Way" group includes films that have a chance to reach an awareness of 30% by the 60-day window, but they're not quite there yet.
The "Need Help" group includes films more than 10 points away from reaching 30% awareness. These films will need a big marketing push to get them into the "Good Shape" group.
We have talked about THE LOST CITY before, but it's worth noting that it's the only film in the "Good Shape" group that is not a tentpole, horror, or family film. It is an example of the kind of film we need to rally around as an industry.
At the same time, we would like to see films like AMBULANCE, THIRTEEN LIVES and 65 succeed. But, the data suggests that the time is now for those scores to go up if they hope to work in this marketplace.
Will UNCHARTED be the lone February hit?Is Kenneth Branagh about to have a NORBIT moment?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: When adding a custom block moodle shows [[pluginname]] I am creating a custom block for moodle and when I try to add it into a page is shown as follows:

Instead of a specified name.
The version.php file has these:
$plugin->component = 'block_userlist';
$plugin->version = 2019050316;
$plugin->requires = 2018120300;

And the block is defines as:
defined('MOODLE_INTERNAL') || die();

class block_userlist extends block_base {
    public function init() {
        $this->title = get_string('userlist', 'block_userlist');
    }
    // The PHP tag and the curly bracket for the class definition
    // will only be closed after there is another function added in the next section.

    public function get_content() {
        global $DB;

        // if ($this->content !== null) {
        //   return $this->content;
        // }

        $user = $DB->get_record_sql('SELECT COUNT(*) as total_users FROM {user};');

        $this->content         =  new stdClass;
        $this->content->text  .= 'The content of our ';
        $this->content->text  .= html_writer::tag('span','UserList',['style'=>'color:red']);
        $this->content->text  .= ' block!';
        $this->content->footer = "Τotal Users: $user->total_users";
        return $this->content;
    }
}

So how can I set a name different from [[pluginame]]?

A: You need to add a file within your plugin called lang/en/block_NAMEOFYOURPLUGIN.php and make sure it has at least the following:
<?php
$string['pluginname'] = 'The name of my plugin';

You will need to the purge the site caches or bump your plugin version number, in order for the name to appear.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
A specially commissioned sound work by Brian Eno (pictured), entitled 'Lydian Bells' is among the contemporary art works in 'Treat Yourself', a new Wellcome Trust exhibition at the Science Museum in London. * The exhibition, which opens to the public Friday 23 May, aims to illustrate the modern and historical ideas that people hold about keeping themselves healthy
Brian Eno criticises Israel over its Gaza clashes
Producer shows support for Palestine
Brian Eno to score new Peter Jackson movie
Producer to work on 'The Lovely Bones'
THE MUSICAL LIFE OF BRIAN!
Four of the electro pioneer's early works are 're-introduced' - and there will be more...


There are several classic Country songs from the 1970's. Right up there with Take Me Home Country Road is a number written by Kris Kristofferson and Fred Foster called 'Me & Bobby McGee'. I can think of few tunes that folks from my generation would find more recognizable as this one. Its a true piece of 1970s Country Gold.
It's been recorded by more artists than I could count on the fingers of both my hands. In a way, I can see why original artists hate cover artists. I suppose that would include me although I don't do this for a living. This song has been done in more ways and styles than you could shake a stick at. Still, try as I might, I just can't find a recording artist that did this song as I remember it. The closest I can see has to be Kris's version but even that one... The only thing about this tune that I hate is when they start breaking into nonsense lyrics like "Na na na... Na na na na... Na na na... Na na". Seriously? How does that help the song? What's more, it appears completely unnecessary. It's like they forgot the words and couldn't ad-lib a verse.
The story is complete so an extra verse wasn't necessary. Why create this clumsy musical filler? In my cover I simply repeated the verse and omitted the vocal filler. I think it comes off better this way but that's my opinion. Maybe you'd disagree. Anyway here is my cover. Good or bad version, this is an excellent song to learn and add to your repertoire, if you haven't already.


text:
Ryan Sook Coves 4001 A.D. with Interlocking Variants
4001 A.D. is poised to be big for Valiant. Huge even. And something that massive deserves an equally massive amount of attention which is why Valiant is tapping Ryan Sook for a series of covers that unite all four issues of the ambitious comics event. If the allure of Matt Kindt and Clayton Crain united on the work isn't enough to get you interested (and it most definitely should be), then this cover will!
One hundred years from today, Father – the benevolent artificial intelligence that governs the island nation of Japan – will gain sentience. To defend its borders, Father will take drastic action by launching Japan into space…where its people can thrive in isolation, away from the overpopulated and resource-deprived planet below. Over the centuries, as New Japan orbits our increasingly unstable world, it will become a model society – one built on peace, prosperity…and Father's control. A thousand years from today, Father will create the first Rai, founding a lineage of technologically enhanced heroes engineered to defend New Japan and sworn to protect it from all enemies. For hundreds of years into the future, the Rai will single-handedly enforce New Japan's justice well…and serve Father without question.
Now, at the dawn of 4001 A.D., the latest Rai is about to inherit the dark truth behind the origin of his kind…and discover the sinister secret at the heart of Father's existence. For New Japan to live, Earth must die…and as Rai challenges his former master for the first time in more than a millennium, the lone guardian of New Japan will be cast out of his own Father's kingdom… Exiled from the only realm he's ever known, Rai now walks the ravaged world of 4001 A.D. in search of forgotten heroes like himself…on a mission to collect the last surviving legends of a broken planet…and to forge a rebellion with the power to bring the most advanced civilization in history crashing back down to Earth.
Comics Legend Ryan Sook Covers Valiant's Blockbuster Event with
4001 A.D. Interlocking Artist Variants!
Connecting Each Chapter of this Year's Blockbuster Series, Valiant's Greatest Heroes and Villains Converge in an Epic Tapestry Spanning Across All Four Issues of 4001 A.D.!
Valiant is proud to present your first look at the 4001 A.D. INTERLOCKING ARTIST VARIANTS – an epic new series of covers by superstar artist Ryan Sook (Wednesday Comics, Seven Soldiers: Zatanna) uniting all four issues of the year's most ambitious comics event! Extending across 4001 A.D. #1-#4 (of 4) by New York Times best-selling writer Matt Kindt (DIVINITY II) and blockbuster artistClayton Crain (Carnage), see Rai and the future heroes of the Valiant Universe assembled here with a breath-taking, widescreen vision of the 41st century's star-crossed battle against Father and the forces of New Japan!
It all starts here on May 4th in 4001 A.D. #1 (of 4) – the FIRST ISSUE of the all-new, standalone event series following Rai and the 41st century's most formidable heroes into the fight against New Japan from New York Times best-selling writer Matt Kindt and superstar artists Clayton Crain and David Mack (Daredevil)!
One hundred years from today, Father – the benevolent artificial intelligence that governs the island nation of Japan – will gain sentience. To defend its borders, Father will take drastic action by launching Japan into space…where its people can thrive in isolation, away from the overpopulated and resource-deprived planet below. Over the centuries, as New Japan orbits our increasingly unstable world, it will become a model society – one built on peace, prosperity…and Father's control.
A thousand years from today, Father will create the first Rai, founding a lineage of technologically enhanced heroes engineered to defend New Japan and sworn to protect it from all enemies. For hundreds of years into the future, the Rai will single-handedly enforce New Japan's justice well…and serve Father without question.
Now, at the dawn of 4001 A.D., the latest Rai is about to inherit the dark truth behind the origin of his kind…and discover the sinister secret at the heart of Father's existence. For New Japan to live, Earth must die…and as Rai challenges his former master for the first time in more than a millennium, the lone guardian of New Japan will be cast out of his own Father's kingdom…
Exiled from the only realm he's ever known, Rai now walks the ravaged world of 4001 A.D. in search of forgotten heroes like himself…on a mission to collect the last surviving legends of a broken planet…and to forge a rebellion with the power to bring the most advanced civilization in history crashing back down to Earth.
Then, "THE SUMMER OF 4001 A.D." explodes outward with the return of Rai's award-winning ongoing series in RAI #13 – the FIRST ISSUE of an ALL-NEW JUMPING-ON POINT revealing the origin of New Japan and its very first guardian! Discover the essential history behind the dawn of 4001 A.D. here as New York Times best-selling writer Matt Kindt (NINJAK) and acclaimed artist CAFU (UNITY) unearth the answers behind Father's tyrannical rise to power. How did New Japan come to orbit Earth? Who created Father? And just what is Rai's true nature…and what happened to his nine earlier predecessors that once patrolled New Japan in his stead? Discover the shocking answers as RAI #13 returns to set the events of 4001 A.D. in motion – and reveals the epic arc of the Valiant Universe's future history!
Plus: "THE SUMMER OF 4001 A.D." escalates even further as a staggering cast of superstar talents come aboard to reveal what the 41st century holds for Valiant's most iconic heroes in a new series of four indispensable one-shots! Featuring X-O Manowar, Bloodshot, Shadowman, and the debut of an all-new, top-secret character with a crucial tie to the present and future of the Valiant Universe, "THE SUMMER OF 4001 A.D." erupts into full force here with four new chapters from Valiant's most acclaimed creators, ripped directly from the pages of 4001 A.D.:
4001 A.D.: X-O MANOWAR #1
Written by Robert Venditti (BOOK OF DEATH); Art by Clayton Henry (HARBINGER WARS)
Coming in May
4001 A.D.: BLOODSHOT #1
Written by Jeff Lemire (BLOODSHOT REBORN); Art by Doug Braithwaite (ARMOR HUNTERS)
Coming in June
4001 A.D.: SHADOWMAN #1
Written by Jody Houser (FAITH) & Rafer Roberts (A&A: THE ADVENTURES OF ARCHER & ARMSTRONG); Art by Robert Gill (BOOK OF DEATH)
Coming in July
4001 A.D.: [CLASSIFIED] #1
Written by [CLASSIFIED]; Art by [CLASSIFIED]
Coming in August
Each chapter of "THE SUMMER OF THE 4001 A.D." is designed for maximum accessibility and can be read in concert with the core 4001 A.D. series or stand on its own for a centuries-spanning vision of the future.
Earth must rise. Father must fall. Rai! Eternal Warrior! X-O Manowar! Bloodshot! Shadowman! Geomancer! And more! The war for the ultimate fate of humanity begins on May 4th in 4001 A.D. #1 (of 4) by superstar creators Matt Kindt, Clayton Crain, and David Mack – and continues all summer long as "THE SUMMER OF 4001 A.D." explodes onto all four installments of the 4001 A.D. INTERLOCKING ARTIST VARIANT by legendary artist Ryan Sook!
Contact your local comic shop to reserve your copies today!
For Valiant merchandise and more, visit ValiantStore.com


text:
Karina Riquelme Viveros (born 9 August 1981) is a Chilean human rights lawyer. Riquelme is affiliated with the Center for Research and Defense of the South (CIDSUR, ), an organization committed to defending the rights of indigenous Chileans. Groups such as Amnesty International have stated that Riquelme has been subject to persecution and intimidation campaigns for her role defending indigenous activists.

Biography
At CIDSUR, Riquelme has worked to defend Mapuche leaders charged with terrorism and protect the ancestral territories of the Mapuche people. Riquelme has argued that the Chilean state has worked to criminalize indigenous activism during the Mapuche conflict through systemic persecution of activists like Francisca Linconao.

In 2011, Riquelme was sentenced to 21 days in prison with conditional remission over allegations she had provided legal defense to Mapuche activists without having attained a law degree. Her sentence was condemned as an act of political persecution by Mapuche activist Natividad Llanquileo, who would later become president of CIDSUR.

Riquelme's work has been honored by Amnesty International for her work defending indigenous activists against state repression. Riquelme has described herself as a feminist and stated that anti-colonialism must be a hallmark of feminist politics.

Intimidation campaign
On 10 July 2018, an incident occurred in Riquelme's apartment in Temuco, Araucanía Region, in which two men pointed green laser beams through the window in what is believed to have been an effort to intimidate her. Amnesty International condemned this incident which is believed to have been committed by "police intelligence agents". Riquelme has stated that she has been the subject of police surveillance efforts since 2010.

Personal life
Riquelme lives with her daughter, who was present during the 2018 incident in which police officers pointed laser beams through her window, in Temuco, Araucanía Region.

References

Mapuche conflict
Human rights lawyers
Chilean human rights activists
Chilean women lawyers
Temuco
1981 births
Living people
21st-century Chilean lawyers


The Comma Intelligent Home System: light, audio, video, communication, entry and control of window decoration in one integrated system.
The Comma System contains a simple user interface and is architecturally designed.
Linear audio and video, signaling and control combined in a standard IP network [multi-source and multi-room] without any form of compression or delay.
Thanks to the use of advanced sensor technology, Comma is able to flawlessly control what is needed to live in a comfortable environment.
A wide range of interfaces for all common standards such as DALI, DMX & SMI is available.
HybridHouseTechnology: low voltage concept for the off-the-grid operation of the electrical installation.


text:
Q: How to get all elements from a list without the last element? The following Groovy code
    lines = ['0','1','2','3','4','5']
    println lines[1..lines.size()-1]
    println lines[1..-1]
    println lines[1..<lines.size()-1]
    println lines[1..<-1]
    println lines[1..<-2]
    println lines[1..-2]

produces this output:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[1, 2, 3, 4]
[1, 0]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[1, 2, 3, 4]

Since -1 is the index of the last element in the list, the first two make sense (ranges in Groovy include the end element instead of omitting it as everywhere else in Java :-( )
Line #3 is the desired output (list without first and last element).
I'm worried about the output #4: Why do I get [1, 0] for 1..-1?
Also [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] for the range 1..<-2 seems wrong.
Why does that happen?

A: Maybe this has changed since epideman wrote his answer, but you can get the whole list without the last element with 0..<-1:
assert ["foo"][0..<-1] == []
assert ["foo", "bar"][0..<-1] == ["foo"]
assert ["foo", "bar", "baz"][0..<-1] == ["foo", "bar"]

// blows up if empty, here take is better
assert [][0..<-1] == []  // BOOM

// if you want null safe, use take
assert [].take(-1) == []

This is with groovy 2.2.1.

A: Since Groovy 2.4 you can use the init() method:
lines = ['0','1','2','3','4','5']
assert lines.init() == ['0','1','2','3','4']

A: The best way to take all elements but the last one, in my opinion, is to use the take method:
def list = ['a', 'b', 'c']
assert list.take(list.size() - 1) == ['a', 'b']

It behaves properly in the corner case where size == 1:
def list = ['one']
assert list.take(list.size() - 1) == []

Though I'd prefer it to throw an exception in the case size == 0, but the behavior is not that bad:
def list = []
assert list.take(list.size() - 1) == []

You can also use list[0..<list.size()-1] (your third example) and it will behave the same except for the empty list, in which case it will throw an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, but i think is not as readable as the take counterpart.

Another acceptable solution is using list[0..-2] (your last example), which i think looks much more elegant, but unfortunately breaks when size == 1 with an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.

In your examples (i'll assume that you meant to use 0 as the starting index instead of 1 if you wanted to include all elements but the last one):
lines[0..lines.size()-1] is equivalent to lines[0..-1] because the getAt(Range) method of lists will treat ranges with negative indexes the same way asgetAt(Integer) does, i.e. as accessing the (list.size() + negativeIndex)'th element of the list. Therefore list[0..-1] is the same as saying "from first element to last" and it's the same as copying the list; and list[-1..0] is the same as "from last to first" and it's equivalent to list.reverse() :)
The problem with the other non-inclusive range example is that the non-inclusive ranges are being evaluated before the list access and they evaluate to an incorrect inclusive range. For example, 0..<-2 evaluates to 0..-1, and that's why it's returning all the elements. 0..<-1 evaluates to 0..0 and it returns only the first element.
Notice that the empty range is a special case. It's denoted as 0..<0 and it doesn't have an inclusive equivalent (so Groovy won't do any magic conversion here). And that's why list[0..<list.size()-1] works when size == 1 (the range evaluates to the empty range) while list[0..-2] doesn't :)


text:
Neutrophil extracellular traps
A scanning electron microscope image of NETs engulfing fungal cells (Candida albicans) in an infected mouse lung. (Click on image for more details).[1]
Fluorescent image of cultivated neutrophils isolated from venous blood of human with Alzheimer Disease. Sample was treated with Hoechst 33342 dye that is used to stain DNA. The picture shows the release of DNA by a neutrophil as foggy area in the center of the view field indicating the spontaneous activation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation in AD patients that is not usually observed in healthy mates. Magnification x40.
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of extracellular fibers, primarily composed of DNA from neutrophils, which bind pathogens.[2] Neutrophils are the immune system's first-line of defense against infection and have conventionally been thought to kill invading pathogens through two strategies: engulfment of microbes and secretion of anti-microbials. In 2004, a novel third function was identified: formation of NETs. NETs allow neutrophils to kill extracellular pathogens while minimizing damage to the host cells. Upon in vitro activation with the pharmacological agent phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), Interleukin 8 (IL-8) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), neutrophils release granule proteins and chromatin to form an extracellular fibril matrix known as NETs through an active process.[2]
1 Structure and composition
2 Anti-microbial activity
3 NETosis
3.1 Activation pathway
3.2 Suicidal NETosis
3.3 Vital NETosis
3.4 Regulation
4 NET-associated host damage
Structure and composition
High-resolution scanning electron microscopy has shown that NETs consist of stretches of DNA and globular protein domains with diameters of 15-17 nm and 25 nm, respectively. These aggregate into larger threads with a diameter of 50 nm.[2] However, under flow conditions, NETs can form much larger structures, reaching hundreds of nanometers in length and width.[3]
Analysis by immunofluorescence corroborated that NETs contain proteins from azurophilic granules (neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G and myeloperoxidase), specific granules (lactoferrin), tertiary granules (gelatinase), and the cytoplasm; however, CD63, actin, tubulin and various other cytoplasmatic proteins are not present in NETs.[2][4]
Anti-microbial activity
NETs disarm pathogens with antimicrobial proteins such as neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G and histones that have a high affinity for DNA.[5] NETs provide for a high local concentration of antimicrobial components and bind, disarm, and kill microbes extracellularly independent of phagocytic uptake. In addition to their antimicrobial properties, NETs may serve as a physical barrier that prevents further spread of the pathogens. Furthermore, delivering the granule proteins into NETs may keep potentially injurious proteins like proteases from diffusing away and inducing damage in tissue adjacent to the site of inflammation.
More recently, it has also been shown that not only bacteria but also pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans induce neutrophils to form NETs that capture and kill C. albicans hyphal as well as yeast-form cells.[6] NETs have also been documented in association with Plasmodium falciparum infections in children.[7]
While it was originally proposed that NETs would be formed in tissues at a site of bacterial/yeast infection, NETs have also been shown to form within blood vessels during sepsis (specifically in the lung capillaries and liver sinusoids). Intra-vascular NET formation is tightly controlled and is regulated by platelets, which sense severe infection via platelet TLR4 and then bind to and activate neutrophils to form NETs. Platelet-induced NET formation occurs very rapidly (in minutes) and may or may not result in death of the neutrophils.[8] NETs formed in blood vessels can catch circulating bacteria as they pass through the vessels. Trapping of bacteria under flow has been imaged directly in flow chambers in vitro and intravital microscopy demonstrated that bacterial trapping occurs in the liver sinusoids and lung capillaries (sites where platelets bind neutrophils).[3]
NETosis
NET activation and release, or NETosis, is a dynamic process that can come in two forms, suicidal and vital NETosis. Overall, many of the key components of the process are similar for both types of NETosis, however, there are key differences in stimuli, timing, and ultimate end result.[9]
Activation pathway
The full NETosis activation pathway is still under investigation but a few key proteins have been identified and slowly a full picture of the pathway is emerging. The process is thought to begin with NADPH oxidase activation of protein-arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) via reactive-oxygen species (ROS) intermediaries. PAD4 is responsible for the citrullination of histones in the neutrophil, resulting in decondensation of chromatin. Azurophilic granule proteins such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE) then enter the nucleus and further the decondensation process, resulting in the rupture of the nuclear envelope. The uncondensed chromatin enter the cytoplasm where additional granule and cytoplasmic proteins are added to the early-stage NET. The end result of the process then depends on which NETosis pathway is activated.[9]
Suicidal NETosis
Suicidal NETosis was first described in a 2007 study that noted that the release of NETs resulted in neutrophil-death through a different pathway than apoptosis or necrosis.[10] In suicidal NETosis, the intracellular NET formation is followed by the rupture of the plasma membrane, releasing it into the extracellular space. This NETosis pathway can be initiated through activation of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs), Fc receptors, and complement receptors with various ligands such as antibodies, PMA, and so on.[9][11] The current understanding is that upon activation of these receptors, downstream signaling results in the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum. This intracellular influx of calcium in turn activates NADPH oxidase, resulting in activation of the NETosis pathway as described above.[11] Of note, suicidal NETosis can take hours, even with high levels of PMA stimulation, while vital NETosis that can be completed in a matter of minutes.[9]
Vital NETosis
Vital NETosis can be stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), other "bacterial products, TLR4-activated platelets, or complement proteins in tandem with TLR2 ligands."[9] Vital NETosis is made possible through the blebbing of the nucleus, resulting in a DNA-filled vesicle that is exocytosed and leaves the plasma membrane intact.[9] Its rapid formation and release does not result in neutrophil death, however, the cell is without DNA, raising questions about whether a cell without DNA can be considered alive. It has been noted that neutrophils can continue to phagocytose and kill microbes after vital NETosis, highlighting the neutrophil's anti-microbial versatility.[11]
The formation of NETs is regulated by the lipoxygenase pathway – during certain forms of activation (including contact with bacteria) neutrophil 5-lipoxygenase forms 5-HETE-phospholipids that inhibit NET formation.[12] Evidence from laboratory experiments suggests that NETs are cleaned away by macrophages that phagocytose and degrade them.[13]
NET-associated host damage
NETs might also have a deleterious effect on the host, because the exposure of extracellular histone complexes could play a role during the development of autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus.[14] NETs could also play a role in inflammatory diseases, as NETs could be identified in preeclampsia, a pregnancy related inflammatory disorder in which neutrophils are known to be activated.[15] NETs have also been reported in the colon mucosa of patients with the inflammatory bowel disease ulcerative colitis.[16] NETs have also been associated with the production of IgG antinuclear double stranded DNA antibodies in children infected with P. falciparum malaria.[7]
NETs have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of HIV/SIV. NETs are capable of capturing HIV virions and destroying them.[17] There is an increase in NET production throughout the course of HIV/SIV, which is reduced by ART. In addition, NETs are able to capture and kill various immune cell groups such as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, and monocytes. This effect is seen not only with neutrophils in the blood, but also in various tissues such as the gut, lung, liver, and blood vessels. NETs possibly contribute to the hypercoagulable state in HIV by trapping platelets, and expressing tissue factor.[18]
NETs also have a role in thrombosis.
These observations suggest that NETs might play an important role in the pathogenesis of infectious, inflammatory and thrombotic disorders.[19][20][21]
Due to the charged and 'sticky' nature of NETs, they may become a problem in Cystic fibrosis sufferers, by increasing sputum viscosity. Treatments have focused on breaking down DNA within sputum, which is largely composed of host NET DNA.
^ Urban, Constantin F.; Ermert, David; Schmid, Monika; Abu-Abed, Ulrike; Goosmann, Christian; Nacken, Wolfgang; Brinkmann, Volker; Jungblut, Peter R.; Zychlinsky, Arturo; Levitz, Stuart M. (30 October 2009). "Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Contain Calprotectin, a Cytosolic Protein Complex Involved in Host Defense against Candida albicans". PLoS Pathogens. 5 (10): e1000639. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000639. PMC 2763347. PMID 19876394.
^ a b c d Brinkmann, Volker; Ulrike Reichard; Christian Goosmann; Beatrix Fauler; Yvonne Uhlemann; David S. Weiss; Yvette Weinrauch; Arturo Zychlinsky (2004-03-05). "Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Kill Bacteria". Science. 303 (5663): 1532–1535. Bibcode:2004Sci...303.1532B. doi:10.1126/science.1092385. PMID 15001782. Retrieved 2007-04-09.
^ a b Clark SR, Ma AC, Tavener SA, McDonald B, Goodarzi Z, Kelly MM, Patel KD, Chakrabarti S, McAvoy E, Sinclair GD, Keys EM, Allen-Vercoe E, Devinney R, Doig CJ, Green FH, Kubes P (2007). "Platelet Toll-Like Receptor-4 Activates Neutrophil Extracellular Traps to Ensnare Bacteria in Endotoxemic and Septic Blood" (PDF). Nature Medicine. 13 (4): 463–9. doi:10.1038/nm1565. PMID 17384648.
^ Urban CF, Ermert D, Schmid M, Abu-Abed U, Goosmann C, Nacken W, Brinkmann V, Jungblut PR, Zychlinsky A (2009). "Neutrophil extracellular traps contain calprotectin, a cytosolic protein complex involved in host defense against Candida albicans". PLOS Pathogens. 5 (10): e1000639. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000639. PMC 2763347. PMID 19876394.
^ Thomas MP, Whangbo J, McCrossan G, et al. (June 2014). "Leukocyte protease binding to nucleic acids promotes nuclear localization and cleavage of nucleic acid binding proteins". Journal of Immunology. 192 (11): 5390–7. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1303296. PMC 4041364. PMID 24771851.
^ Urban, CF; Reichard U; Brinkmann V; Zychlinsky A (April 2006). "Neutrophil extracellular traps capture and kill Candida albicans yeast and hyphal forms". Cell Microbiol. 8 (4): 668–76. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2005.00659.x. PMID 16548892.
^ a b Baker VS, Imade GE, Molta NB, Tawde P, Pam SD, Obadofin MO, Sagay SA, Egah DZ, Iya D, Afolabi BB, Baker M, Ford K, Ford R, Roux KH, Keller TC (February 2008). "Cytokine-associated neutrophil extracellular traps and antinuclear antibodies in Plasmodium falciparum infected children under six years of age". Malaria Journal. 7 (41): 41. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-41. PMC 2275287. PMID 18312656.
^ Caudrillier, Axelle; Kessenbrock, Kai; Gilliss, Brian; Nguyen, John; Marques, Marisa; Monestier, Marc; Toy, Pearl; Werb, Zena; Looney, Mark (2 Jul 2012). "Platelets induce neutrophil extracellular traps in transfusion-related acute lung injury". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 122 (7): 2661–71. doi:10.1172/JCI61303. PMC 3386815. PMID 22684106.
^ a b c d e f Jorch, Selina K.; Kubes, Paul (March 2017). "An emerging role for neutrophil extracellular traps in noninfectious disease". Nature Medicine. 23 (3): 279–287. doi:10.1038/nm.4294. ISSN 1078-8956. PMID 28267716.
^ Fuchs, Tobias A.; Abed, Ulrike; Goosmann, Christian; Hurwitz, Robert; Schulze, Ilka; Wahn, Volker; Weinrauch, Yvette; Brinkmann, Volker; Zychlinsky, Arturo (2007-01-15). "Novel cell death program leads to neutrophil extracellular traps". The Journal of Cell Biology. 176 (2): 231–241. doi:10.1083/jcb.200606027. ISSN 0021-9525. PMC 2063942. PMID 17210947.
^ a b c Yang, Hang; Biermann, Mona Helena; Brauner, Jan Markus; Liu, Yi; Zhao, Yi; Herrmann, Martin (2016-08-12). "New Insights into Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Mechanisms of Formation and Role in Inflammation". Frontiers in Immunology. 7: 302. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00302. ISSN 1664-3224. PMC 4981595. PMID 27570525.
^ Clark, SR; Guy CJ; Scurr MJ; Taylor PR; Kift-Morgan AP; Hammond VJ; Thomas CP; Coles B; Roberts GW; Eberl M; Jones SA; Topley N; Kotecha S; O'Donnell VB (2011). "Esterified eicosanoids are acutely generated by 5-lipoxygenase in primary human neutrophils and in human and murine infection". Blood. 117 (6): 2033–43. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-04-278887. PMC 3374621. PMID 21177434.
^ Farrera, c; Fadeel B (2013). "Macrophage Clearance of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Is a Silent Process". Journal of Immunology. 191 (5): 2647–56. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1300436. PMID 23904163.
^ Hakkim A, Fürnrohr BG, Amann K, Laube B, Abed UA, Brinkmann V, Herrmann M, Voll RE, Zychlinsky A (2010). "Impairment of neutrophil extracellular trap degradation is associated with lupus nephritis". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 107 (21): 9813–8. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.9813H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0909927107. PMC 2906830. PMID 20439745.
^ Gupta, AK; Hasler P; Holzgreve W; Gebhardt S; Hahn S. (November 2005). "Induction of neutrophil extracellular DNA lattices by placental microparticles and IL-8 and their presence in preeclampsia". Hum Immunol. 66 (11): 1146–54. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2005.11.003. PMID 16571415.
^ Bennike, Tue Bjerg; Carlsen, Thomas Gelsing; Ellingsen, Torkell; Bonderup, Ole Kristian; Glerup, Henning; Bøgsted, Martin; Christiansen, Gunna; Birkelund, Svend; Stensballe, Allan (2015). "Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Ulcerative Colitis". Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. 21 (9): 2052–2067. doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000460. PMC 4603666. PMID 25993694.
^ Saitoh, Tatsuya; Komano, Jun; Saitoh, Yasunori; Misawa, Takuma; Takahama, Michihiro; Kozaki, Tatsuya; Uehata, Takuya; Iwasaki, Hidenori; Omori, Hiroko (July 2012). "Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Mediate a Host Defense Response to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1". Cell Host & Microbe. 12 (1): 109–116. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2012.05.015. ISSN 1931-3128. PMID 22817992.
^ Sivanandham, Ranjit; Brocca-Cofano, Egidio; Krampe, Noah; Falwell, Elizabeth; Kilapandal Venkatraman, Sindhuja Murali; Ribeiro, Ruy M.; Apetrei, Cristian; Pandrea, Ivona (2018-09-11). "Neutrophil extracellular trap production contributes to pathogenesis in SIV-infected nonhuman primates". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 128 (11): 5178–5183. doi:10.1172/jci99420. ISSN 1558-8238. PMC 6205390. PMID 30204591.
^ Fuchs TA, Brill A, Duerschmied D, Schatzberg D, Monestier M, Myers DD, Wrobleski SK, Wakefield TW, Hartwig JH, Wagner DD (Sep 7, 2010). "Extracellular DNA traps promote thrombosis". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 107 (36): 15880–5. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10715880F. doi:10.1073/pnas.1005743107. PMC 2936604. PMID 20798043.
^ Brill A, Fuchs TA, Savchenko AS, Thomas GM, Martinod K, De Meyer SF, Bhandari AA, Wagner DD (Nov 1, 2011). "Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote Deep Vein Thrombosis in Mice". Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 10 (1): 136–144. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04544.x. PMC 3319651. PMID 22044575.
^ Borissoff, JI; ten Cate, H (September 2011). "From neutrophil extracellular traps release to thrombosis: an overshooting host-defense mechanism?". Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 9 (9): 1791–4. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04425.x. PMID 21718435.
Frontiers in Molecular Innate Immunity research topic about NET
"Molecular mechanisms involved in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation", PhD thesis, Jyaysi Desai, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany. Chemistry winner, Dance Your PhD, 2015.


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HBO confirms the return of dead 'Game of Thrones' characters
Friday, 30 November 2018, 8:39AM
HBO is reuniting several 'Game of Thrones' cast members who were killed off in the fantasy series.
It was confirmed on Wednesday (28.11.18) that the broadcaster is creating a special featurette which reunites a number of actors who didn't survive in the drama, including Sean Bean whose alter ego, Lord of Winterfell Ned Stark, was brutally beheaded in the first series.
The special - which is hosted by comedian Conan O'Brien - was shot in Belfast earlier this year and 'Aquaman' star Jason Momoa, who played ruthless khalasar Khal Drogo in the drama series, is also suspected to be part of the special.
Other characters who didn't live through the action include Petyr Baelish (Aidan Gillen), Robb Stark (Richard Madden) and Joffrey Baratheon (Jack Gleeson) to name a few.
The reunion special is to be included on a Blu Ray box set which will contain every season of the show, set for release in late 2019.
'Game of Thrones' - which is based on the 'A Song of Ice and Fire' novel series by George R.R. Martin - will end after Season 8 airs and David Nutter, one of the show's directors, insists fans will not be disappointed by the climax.
Nutter said: "It's such a complete and satisfying finale and where the show goes to, and the journey that it takes. That it lives up to the hype and lives up to why the audience loves the show so much, It's going to be something quite, very special."
Season 8 will premiere in April 2019.
This article was first published on BANG Showbiz and is republished here with permission.
Game of Thrones prequel will feature Stark family
Netflix set to launch Samurai version of 'Game of Thrones'
Chernobyl officially smashes Game of Thrones record


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Tag: paul mcmullan
Hugh Grant Goes Undercover in News of the World Scandal — 'The Bugger, Bugged'
I haven't commented on the News of the World phone hacking scandal mostly because it's not fun. It's gross and sad, and I'm happy to see these blood-sucking-maggots go down in flames. But when I came across an article written by Hugh Grant for the New Statesman, I had no choice but to cover it. First, Hugh Grant is on my celebrity-crush list. And second, his coverage is damn entertaining.
Grant discovered his phone had been hacked after a chance meeting with a paparazzo, and he subsequently "bugged the bugger" to get more information. He later admitted to feeling guilty about the covert recording, but I suppose that's because, unlike the paparazzo in question, Hugh Grant actually has a soul. As it turns out, the paparazzo was Paul McMullan, one of the whistle blowers that ratted on the publication. There are a few wonderful parts of the secret interview executed by Grant. At one point, McMullan confesses that Murdoch might not have known about the hacking, and that Murdoch himself was furious when Hugh Grant's sexual escapade with Divine Brown ended up on the front page of his paper. Grant quickly explained Murdoch's outrage, saying, "it's because it was his [FOX] film I was about to come out in." Another gem in the interview occurred when McMullan told Grant that he "lives off his image" and he therefore "can't complain" about the invasion of privacy. Grant then reminded McMullan that people still came to his films after he was arrested with a hooker. "They don't give a fuck about your public image," he said. "They just care about whether you're in an entertaining film or not."
Since McMullan is so convinced that he's entitled to invade the private lives of public figures, my favorite part of the interview was when he disclosed the reason for his whistle blowing. Did he grow a conscience later in life after years in the mud pit? Nope. He blew the whistle because, "a friend of [his] at the Guardian kept hassling [him] for an interview," and he said, "Well if you put the name of the Castle [his pub] on the front page of the Guardian, I'll do anything you like." And there you have it. So what have we learned from this story? I think we learned that if hell exists, there's a few individuals that might have a front-row seat, and Hugh Grant is a very sexy Hollywood bad-ass. Click the link below to see Grant's full article.
Hugh Grant is a Bad-Ass
Author The DishmasterPosted on July 20, 2011 December 6, 2022 Categories General, MusicTags divine brown, Hugh Grant, news of the world, paul mcmullanLeave a comment on Hugh Grant Goes Undercover in News of the World Scandal — 'The Bugger, Bugged'


The winter/spring program also includes Jerome Robbins' Rondo (not seen in NYC since 1982), Antony Tudor's Dark Elegies and Romeo and Juliet, José Limón's The Moor's Pavane and, as a nod to the 50th Anniversary of the Judson Dance Theater movement, James Waring's An Eccentric Beauty Revisited and Feathers.
NYTB is proud to continue its tradition as an incubator for new art by commissioning new works. This year it presents two world premieres made for the Company by Gemma Bond and Pam Tanowitz.
Light Flooding Into Darkened Rooms by Richard Alston is inspired by Vermeer's paintings. The ballet, a pas de deux, conveys a delicacy of feeling masking the formal facade of propriety and gracious behavior. Jo Kondo's Ars Breview, music inspired by Denis Gaultier's 17th century lute pieces, adds a more overt picture of the undercurrents swirling beneath a demeanor of dignity.
A Rugged Flourish by Richard Alston is set to Aaron Copland's Piano Variations and will be performed to live music. This piece was choreographed for NYTB and premiered in the 2010. As Mr Alston describes, "Copland's Piano Variations have a brave stony rigour, repeatedly ringing out in grand gesture. A Rugged Flourish portrays a young hero's courage and determination – strong enough to be alone, yet all the stronger for eventually accepting the company.
Rondo by Jerome Robbins was choreographed in 1980 for New York City Ballet and is set to Rondo In A Minor by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Original cast member, Kyra Nichols, is staging this production for NYTB. It has not been seen in New York City since 1982.
Dark Elegies was considered by Antony Tudor to be his greatest work. The ballet is set to Gustav Mahler's Kindertotenlieder and depicts a community in mourning. The nature of the disaster that has struck remains unspecified, but the grief is palpable.
Romeo and Juliet by Antony Tudor was created in 1943 for Ballet Theatre. The one-act version is set to Frederick Delius's Walk to the Paradise Garden. This revival of the pas de deux was staged by Airi Hynninen for New York Theatre Ballet in 2008.
The Moor's Pavane by José Limón with music by Henry Purcell and arranged by Simon Sadoff, is cited by critics the world over as Limón's masterpiece. The ballet captures the drama and passion of Shakespeare's Othello in a timeless portrayal of love and betrayal. Sarah Stackhouse staged the piece for NYTB.
An Eccentric Beauty Revisited by James Waring is inspired by Nijinsky's Le Dieu Bleu (1912) and danced to Erik Satie's La Belle Excentrique, a composition for piano which will be performed live. The intricate hand-painted costume by Sylvia Nolan is based on the original Leon Baskt design for Nijinsky. NYTB will be using Waring's original hand-beaded masks in their interpretation.
Feathers is a solo choreographed by James Waring for Raymond Johnson, who first performed the dance at the University of California Santa Cruz on July 6, 1973. The music is excerpts from Mozart's quartets for flute and strings in G major and D major. The dance is dedicated to Barbette, the American transvestite trapeze artist (1899-1972). Eulogized by Jean Cocteau and photographed by Man Ray, Barbette was one of the greatest stars of the French music-hall.
Pam Tanowitz's Short Memory This ballet is set to a score by Henry Cowell and Lou Harrison, to be played live. Movement motifs are mined from classical ballet and filtered through a contemporary lens. .
Gemma Bond's Silent Titles with music by Louis Moreau Gottschalk that takes its inspiration from silent films. The ballet reflects the elegance of the silent movie age with black and white costumes and piano music is played live on stage.


There are a couple important topics addressed in this edition of the CREP newsletter.
Talk about the "acreage cap" has caused some confusion - but the bottom line is that CREP continues to be open in PA and has actually expanded into the Delaware River Basin. Take a few minutes and read about what's happening.
Also, you'll want to check out the CREP events coming up for both potential new and existing CREP participants. More events will be added soon so check CREPPA.org and the CREP Facebook page to see what's going on. Let us know if you have an event coming up or want to tell your CREP partners about an event you held.
Be sure to pass this newsletter along to your colleagues or anyone else who works with CREP.
This workshop will introduce technical service providers to novel approaches in managed riparian forest buffer systems. This workshop is for technical service providers, including staff from NRCS, FSA, CDs and other federal agencies; state forestry and agriculture agencies; extension; and non-profits.
Clidk HERE for more information.
- Keep submissions short; no longer than three paragraphs.
- For longer submissions provide a short introduction and the artiicle in pdf format that will be linked to the newsletter.
- Web pages and images you provide can be linked to your article.
- Your submission may also be added to the CREP facebook page or website.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania are partners in implementing the voluntary CREP program to e nroll up to 20,000 acres of agricultural land in Pike, Monroe, Northampton, Lehigh, Bucks, Montgomery and Delaware counties. The goal is to improve surface water quality, groundwater quality and wildlife habitat through establishment of ripar ian buffers, native and other grasses, shallow water areas for wildlife, grassed waterways and the restoration of wetlands.
Landowner Outreach Workshops to be held in the Summer of 2017.
Read the Delaware River Basin Fact Sheet or email info@creppa.org for more information.
There has been some confusion among partners regarding the 24 million acre cap on CRP acres.
The 2014 Farm Bill requires that beginning in FY 2017, no more than 24 million acres can be enrolled in CRP. Current CRP enrollment is around 23.5 million acres; with 2.5 million acres scheduled to expire on September 30, 2017.
Recently there was a hold placed on approving new CRP contracts because nationally it is nearing the 24 million acre cap. However, CREP is exempt from the "freeze" on new sign-ups FSA can still receive requests for both CRP and CREP, but for the time being they will only be approving CREP. CREP is exempt from the "freeze" on new sign ups, however any n ew CREP acres will count toward the 24 million acre cap.
P lease let your partners know that CREP is, and will remain, open in PA.
Now is a good time to let CREP participants in your counties with contracts expiring on September 30, 2017 know that it's soon time to start the re-enrollment process.
Some participants are not able to re-enroll because their CREP plantings do not meet required thresholds. While it may be too late to make significant improvements to meet the re-enrollment thresholds, there is still time to accomplish less intensive tasks and improvements.
Contract holders can get re-enrollment information, including the thresholds needed to be eligible for re-enrollment, at http://www.creppa.org/get-help/re-enroll/ or by contacting their local FSA or NRCS offices.
The 2016-17 CREP mini-grant program for conservation districts, administered by the PA Association of Conservation Districts, funded 8 projects. So far, projects in Armstrong and Jefferson Counties are complete. In the next few weeks, the remaining six projects in Allegheny, Beaver, Berks, Chester, Columbia, and Lebanon Counties will wrap-up.
Projects include walk-abouts, field days, landowner workshops, printing weed guides, riparian buffer workshops, and billboards. These activities focus on new enrollments, re-enrollments, and maintenance of CREP practices.
Look for a summary of outcomes from these projects in the next e-newsletter. Questions about the mini-grant program should be directed to swehinger@pacd.org .
the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
ners and landowners with CREP outreach and technical assistance.
Two Riparian Forest Buffer Technicians, Todd Brajkovich and Marah Fielden, will focus their efforts on landowner outreach, forestry technical assistance, and coordination amongst partners in support of the Chesapeake Bay Riparian Buffer Initiative. One Riparian Forest Buffer Coordinator, Teddi Stark, focuses her time on partner coordination and collaboration, grant writing, and assisting with the planning and implementation of the Riparian Buffer Initiative.
These folks have been contracted through the Western PA Conservancy (WPC) with funding provided by the Farm Service Agency via the US Forest Service. All began their positions in February of 2017.
Please contact Teddi Stark for additional information at c-tstark@pa.gov, or 717-787-0656.
The Jefferson Conservation District held a Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) Workshop on April 4, 2017. This Meeting, coordinated by Megan Whitla tch , Agricultural Conservation Technician/Nutrient Management Specialist, was held at the Jefferson Conservation Center.
CREP pays farmers and other landowners to conserve and enhance their land. In this workshop, participants learned about the benefits of CREP, riparian forest buffers, how to id entify and control the spread of noxious & invasive weeds on your land, and safe herbicide use.
The CREP Outreach Program Office has created a number of ways to share information among CREP partners, landowners already in CREP and people who are learning about the program.
However, your participation is needed for these resources to be worthwhile. Please take advantage of them by reading, sharing and contributing content. Tell others about the resources available by forwarding this newsletter, posting information on your websites, sharing at workshops, etc.
The CREP PA Website, www.CREPPA.org was recently overhauled and given a new modern look, content was updated & added and navigation around the site was improved. Whether you're just learning about CREP, are already enrolled or a technical partner there is something for you.
CREP Facebook Page is for CREP partners and participants alike. Share or learn about the CREP program, conservation practices, events and other program information. Partners can submit information and news they want to share. Submissions will be posted when received. Click HERE to go to the CREP PA Facebook page.
Pennsylvania CREP: News and Updates Newsletter is primarily for agencies, organizations and individuals working with CREP. Stories, techniques, events and other things of interest are shared on a quarterly basis.
CREP Partner listserve is designed as a vehicle for anyone working with CREP to share ideas, ask questions, disseminate program information, etc. It's simple to use and any member can post at anytime. To join send a request with the email address you want added.
Financial and other support for the CREP Program Outreach Office is provided by the Pennsylvania Association of Conservation Districts, Inc. through a Growing Greener Watershed Protection Grant from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection and with additional support from the USDA-NRCS.


Silky, divine caramel doused in thick milk chocolate and painted with metallic silver galaxy swirls pairs with salted buttery caramel berlingots. Presenting the Dylan's Candy Bar Gold Collection, an assortment of luxuriously delicious, high-end candies crafted with only the finest ingredients. From Belgian chocolate bars to premium confections from Spain, Turkey, Greece, Scandinavia and more, our most divine collection of candy has arrived.


[toggle title="I just signed up – how do I get setup? "]We are a fully managed server – which means to get started all you need to do is tell us what domain names you would like to host and what email addresses you would like set up. Then point your domain to our server and we will take it from there. If you would like our team to develop your website – fill out the form on this page to the best of your extent to get that process started.
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Tenant advice services delivered by the Tenants' Union of Queensland and 15 local tenant advice services across the state will cease to operate at the end of December unless the Newman government re-instates funding in the near future. We need your help now – find out what you can do here!
These independent services have operated for over 20 years. Less than 15% of the interest generated on tenants' bonds had been used to fund these services through the Tenant Advice and Advocacy Service (TAAS) Program. That funding was withdrawn last year as a part of the Newman government's budget cuts.
On October 3, 2012, three weeks before that withdrawal took effect, the Commonwealth Government stepped in to provide emergency funding until June 30 this year. As that date approached and with no long term solution found, the Commonwealth offered a funding extension until December 31. We now need a long term solution or services will close at the end of 2013.
Palaszczuk Gov't awards tender for new Tenant Advice Program!
You helped Save Tenant Services – Independent tenancy advice is back!
A new interim tenant's advisory phone service has gone live today, providing Queensland tenants with independent help and advice and delivering on a Palaszczuk Government election commitment.
Speaking in State Parliament, Minister for Housing and Public Works Leeanne Enoch said the service will help thousands of Queensland tenants in both the public and private sectors.
Tenants Demand More Bang for their Bond!!
New Queensland Premier, Annastacia Palaszczuk has announced her Cabinet team. Leanne Enoch MP is the new Minister for Housing.
We look forward to seeing the government implement its promise to provide renters with access to independent tenancy advice. and a full review of social housing policies.
Today newly re-elected Independent MP for Nicklin, Mr Peter Wellington, has said he will support the Labor party to form government. Queensland Labor has committed to providing Queensland renters with access to independent tenancy advice. See the extract below from the ABC news website or read the whole article here.
Independent MP Peter Wellington has announced he will support Labor in forming a minority government in Queensland.
His decision comes as the outcome of last Saturday's election remains in the balance, with Labor still at least two seats short of an outright majority.
Tenants Queensland welcomes the announcement by Labor to fund independent tenancy advice after yesterday's announcement yesterday.
Today the Queensland Labor Party announced its commitment to funding access to independent tenancy advice if it wins next week's election. Read the announcement here.
Tenants Queensland has updated the tablle on their website setting out responses from the political parties to a series of questions, one being whether they support funding for independent tenancy advice.
Tenants Queensland has asked all political parties to commit to funding for independent tenant advice services. They say the increasing and on-going demand speaks for itself. Read their press release here.
They also say that the Residential Tenancies Authority has given the state government $35M in grants from tenant bond monies over the last two years. See the statistics at the bottom of the press release.
Happy International Tenants Day 2014!
Happy International Tenants Day all!
International Tenants Day originated in 1986 when the French tenant organisation CNL proposed a special world day for tenants. The council of the International Union of Tenants agreed, and decided that it coincide with World Habitat Day (the first Monday in October). On this day throughout the world housing and tenancy issues are promoted and expounded. Iss…ues such as rights for tenants, affordable rental, and tenant participation in all matters related to housing highlight the universality of tenancy.
Each year, events are held across the globe to mark International Tenants' Day and act as a prompt to tenants to be aware of their rights and for the wider community to be aware of tenancy issues.
THOUSANDS of disadvantaged Gold Coast renters have been left without access to legal advice after government funding for free tenancy legal rights services ran dry.
Despite a protracted battle with the state LNP government, grants for a range of tenants legal advice services were finally pulled at the end of last year.
Those closures included the Gold Coast Tenant Advice Service, which operated from Southport with an outlet at Palm Beach.
Until recently funding for the services came from the interest generated from bonds held by the Residential Tenancies Authority.
However, in 2012 the State Government cut that funding and committed it to building public housing.
While the federal government stepped in to cover the $6.4 million needed to fund the 24 services across Queensland, that funding ran out at the end of last year.
Reprinted from ABC news online. Read directly from the website here.
A national agreement aimed at dealing with homelessness will be extended by the Federal Government for another year.
The Coalition is putting forward $115 million to extend the deal with the states, which is due to expire at the end of June.
That amount is $44 million less than what was provided by Labor, but the Government says it is not cutting funding to frontline services, only capital works.
"I reject any suggestion of cuts," Prime Minister Tony Abbott told reporters in Sydney.
However, Labor spokeswoman Jenny Macklin says the capital works money is an important element.
"There's less money to be spent on building houses, homes for people who don't have them, for women and children escaping violence, for people who are living on the street," she said.
Reprinted from the Brisbane Times. Read the whole article here.
Battlers in Brisbane's inner-city boarding houses are now paying more rent than those living in government-subsidised crisis housing.
Major Bryce Davies, who works in the Salvation Army's Streetlevel service in Fortitude Valley, said Brisbane's accommodation disparity was appalling.
"The irony is that the guys who are staying in fantastic accommodation that is government subsidised are paying about $170 a week," Major Davies said.
Accomodation is $140 a week at the Salvation Army's Pindari Men's Hostel in Spring Hill.
Major Davies said up to 20 people were crammed into some boarding houses, with some boarding house owners failing to keep their accommodation in good condition.
"My own experience of boarding houses is that the prices are absurd," he said.
A Sydney real estate agent has been jailed for stealing hundreds of thousands of dollars from her client's trust accounts, as fair trading authorities crack down on what they say is a growing problem.
Louise Catherine Sultana admitted to siphoning $330,000 from the accounts of a Century 21 agency between 2010 and 2012. Read the full article here.
Magnus Hammar on See you at the markets this weekend!
Tricia Sheahan on Newman Govt announces RTA board with NO tenant representation.


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The Scottish Public Pension Agency is currently consulting on plans to raise the employer contribution by 6% from 1 April 2019.
In a letter sent in December outlining the details of the consultation, the Agency said the latest provisional pension scheme valuation suggest the employer contribution rate will need to rise from its current rate of 14.9% to 20.9% in April this year.
GP partners in England have also raised concerns about similar proposed changes which have been estimated would cost £7,000 more per doctor each year for employer contributions to the NHS pension scheme.
Scotland BMA GP committee chair Dr Andrew Buist said the proposals had caused a great deal of anxiety among GPs.
He wrote in a blog that it was clear that this substantial increase in costs could be 'hugely damaging' for GP practices across Scotland and run counter to contract changes which had been put in place to improve sustainability.
He has sought to reassure GPs that they are working to ensure there is no impact on GP income from any changes.
'I have been speaking directly with Scottish Government primary care officials to be absolutely clear that this is unacceptable, and GPs being forced to meet these extra costs could have an extremely damaging effect on recruitment and retention – and the sustainability of practices,' he said.
'I have personally written to the Cabinet Secretary outlining our concern that the consultation contains no commentary on how the costs would be met and that this has caused considerable distress for our GP members.
The BMA has submitted a formal response to the consultation which closes this month.
But Dr Buist added that discussions with Scottish Government officials had shown 'an expectation' that the additional costs would be met by the Treasury.
Dr Iain Kennedy, medical secretary at Highland LMC said: 'We have had a lot of concerned GPs contacting us to say they are very worried about the future viability of their practices, and many are thinking they may retire early.
Dr Drummond Begg, chair of Lothian LMC, said as the proposals stand it would hit GPs hard at a time when retention of GPs is of critical importance.


I am thrilled to be joining the blogging community! (better late than never) For the past 20 years I have been and educator in public schools in Massachusetts. I currently teach science electives to mostly seniors. It is my dream job. I teach Astronomy, Oceanography, Meteorology and Ornithology. Our school is only one of a handful of public schools in the country that offer a full sixteen week course in the biology of birds! How cool is that? Twelve years about I started my professional speaking business as well. For the first nine years, my primary audiences for the most part, were summer camps. I facilitate day and overnight summer camp staff trainings across the United States. I have alway dabbled in teacher training/school district Keynote speech/Education workshop space, but now is my time that I am going for it! I am starting the full court press to get my name out there and to try to present and get out in front of teachers as much as I can? Why? I love teaching. I love working with kids. I love building positive relationships for kids and believe they need positive and emotionally healthy role models. Teachers are fun. Teachers are dedicated. Teachers are the heart and soul of any school district as we fill the front lines in today's education world.
I titled this blog Game Changer Teaching, simply because I hope that some of the experiences, ideas and practical tips I provide with help to be Game Changers for you and your students. Everything I share, I hope to be a blend of research I have found, personal and professional experiences I have had (both positive and negative) mixed in a with a dash of humor and joy for one of the greatest professions in the world…teaching!
I am beyond excited to begin this new phase of my journey! Thanks for being a part of it!


I have been meaning to write this post for a very long time, mainly because I get asked by so many friends with young children what my opinion is on state schools vs private schools. This is because as my finances have fluctuated and my moves around the country have demanded my children have spent time at both private and state schools in both junior and senior classes, and even a brief spell of being home-educated.
Tonight I am writing it because I read this article. This is the second suicide over school fees in the last year that I have heard of, the first was the mother of one of my daughter's friends who threw herself under a train – these are not cries for help, these are definitive decisions to end life.
I am writing this post for those with young children looking ahead to their foray into education, rather than those freaking out about how they can continue to afford the fees and whether they should/could/can send their children to state school. (To the latter, I say do it, it is fine – really fine. Please don't be so worried about how your children will cope, mine have coped with all manner of moves and are better children for it. You do need to take time over the transition and be interested and do your homework on all school availabilities. And if you can only get your child into the school you are least fond of immediately, well the education system splits neatly into chunks of 3-4 years for each important bit, so there will only be a limited period of time before you can make another choice. Also, whatever the school does not provide, you can – and should).
If you are here because you are feeling suicidal or desperate, please do think about seeking support from people like the Samaritans or a doctor – the words here will only calm fears about the future in state education (which really is fine).
I went to private school, and I lived in fear of being sent to state school – it was indeed a threat if I misbehaved. I hated school, I was an OK student and I can honestly say that those I met there have had no effect whatsoever on my employment since I left school – no old girl network here.
In my naivety, before I had children, I thought that my ideal scenario was to have my children educated in the state sector in junior school, then privately at senior level when they needed to knuckle down and pass exams – I was a bit concerned as I thought state schools would not have any sports (a myth) but that was OK.
Once I started breeding I worried more, and hell-bent on following my pre-motherhood commitment to my children and state school I did the terrible thing of hunting down the poshest one I could find and begged for them to accept my child. They did for nursery but not for reception, I put her in pretty certain that they would change their mind and let her into reception. They didn't, so she had to move to a different school, new kids. It wasn't posh but it was great, the Mums and kids were lovely, the teachers were fab, some a bit meh, but mainly good (same everywhere!). What was I playing at?
I then moved and had a second child and sent them both to the local, local school having learned my lesson. It was fine, they taught the children and both my children thrived. Then some worrying things happened, they stopped teaching maths for two terms – I am not sure why, and I received a letter from the school with photos of the parents who were banned from the playground. Worrying, I thought, and moved them both to another state school, a little further away. They were both supremely happy there and learned well, associated well with other children, loved their teachers and so on and so forth.
Then we moved again – out of London this time and mid-way through the academic year. I could get one child into the local state school but not the other. Bearing in mind I was working in London every day at that time, I couldn't cope with this, so I found them both a place at the local Private school. A small thing with reasonably low fees – fees in junior school are affordable (if you work a bit extra or take the job you don't like but has a higher income, or you forego holidays, or whatever). It was very nice, although I was not comfortable in the playground really, as people far more wealthy than me really belonged there and I was a working Mum so not at the gym or coffee mornings – but the children were very happy and the teachers were great. The state school they had been at previously was better, better headmaster, better care for the children – but the education was good and they learned Latin, Rah!
Then senior school loomed for my eldest, and my silly brain still fixated on the importance of private senior school and the headmaster recommended a school for us. We went to see it and fell in love with it. The grounds, the building, the stuff on offer. The tea and champagne. The marketing events the school put on for us prospective parents was impressive. I would do anything to send my child there. Anything! Sell my soul if I had to, starve – nothing mattered more than my daughter being able to experience this education. We signed up, she went.
From the day she stepped into that school all marketing efforts ended abruptly. There was silence. I had to really struggle to find out what she was doing during her lessons, how she was faring at school. Her pals argued over what flooring they had on their respective tennis courts. The japanese lessons turned out to be one a term. The smiling head mistress vanished. She was in some sort of system, one I did not understand and I felt like I had lost her – but I knew she was having the best education ever, so I had to put up with it.
She seemed happy enough and so I was devastated when I lost one of my jobs and I knew I would not be able to boost my income in the current climate in order to pay school fees. These school fees had dominated my life, every single minute of every single day I was worried about school fees – where the next ones were coming from. I spoke to the school who seemed sympathetic and asked me to go and see them just before the beginning of the following academic year where we would work out a good plan.
Two days before school was due to begin I attended the meeting. Gone was the glorious reception, the tea and biscuits, the attentive staff – instead I sat outside the bursar's office in a cold, drafty area of the school I had never seen. When invited in the conversation was short: full fees by the first day of term (the following Monday) or she would not be allowed on the premises.
This was her second year of senior school, I had less than a week to get her into a school and to explain to her that she was not going back.
Fretting and actually shaking I drove to the nearest school and begged them. They have no control over applications, the council do that and so I began the process of getting her into a local school to me – easier when I was not trying to find a place for two, but impossible at the very end of the Summer holidays, days before terms were due to begin in schools across the country.
I had no choice but to keep her at home. My Mum is a teacher and she tutored her for a while, keeping her at her house, I did my best to ensure she was happy and healthy – she was absolutely delirious with happiness. Had really hated her private senior school but not said anything as I was so delighted with it, and as a result being freed was the best thing that could have happened to her.
Eventually she got a place in a school quite far away from us, but I took her there most days until a place came up more locally. Two terms later she was offered a place in another school much closer to us, we moved her and she is unspeakably happy. The school is absolutely brilliant. A couple of dodgy teachers but that is OK, I help her with those subject areas. Communication between me and them is open and perfect. She has great friends, is hugely comfortable and self-assured having been to SO many schools, with SO many people! And she is doing well. The best she can in subjects she loves, and that is good enough for me.
My youngest meanwhile stayed in the other junior private school, with affordable fees (still wincey but there was little reason to move her) until she started being bullied – badly. The school's attitude was not awesome and I hated dropping her at school, feeling like I was delivering her into the hands of hell – and paying for the privilege. So I took her out and put her into the local school that has many children who will be going to her sister's school (and where she is registered to go, fingers crossed she gets in!). Again, same thing, she transitioned beautifully, the state school welcomed her so fully, communication is constant and they even ran an assembly and awareness session for the children on bullying. She has been there for just over 1/2 a term now, this is her second and she moved half way through last term, and you would not know the difference. Except that she is smiling, bouncy, happy and relaxed. The homework has eased up and she adores her teachers and new friends.
Why did I do it? All those years… all that money – because I believed a myth.
PS My eldest is also often asked by worried parents of young babies. She says this (ish, this is me summarising her words): Going to private junior school for a bit taught me how to work hard, we had so much homework, lessons and the day was crammed. But definitely not at senior school. For her? She would never send her children to private school, ever. The second one feels the same.
Great article Emms, couldn't agree more! Ben has thrived through a totally amazing primary state school education and is now at the beginning of his state school secondary education which so far, is also seeming pretty fab! The communication throughout has been brilliant and I have a well balanced, well mannered, sociable, eloquent child who loves life, loves school and takes every opportunity on offer to him! I believe it's mostly about what we as parents do to supplement their education that forms the basis for their successes in adulthood rather than throwing tens of thousands of pounds at their education.
You went to private school! Had I known I would bow and scrape whenever I met you.Seriously thouygh, I agree with Cheryl. Given that you don't live on a sink estate, involved parents outweigh any supposed disadvantage of larger classes and lack of skiing trips at half-term.
This was a really interesting read. I'm 18 and have been privately educated since year 9. Before that, I was at a state primary and middle school. My parents did work incredibly hard for my school fees, though they were lucky in their jobs remaining stable, from 2008 until now, my last year of Sixth Form. Firstly, I love where I go to school, and whilst I haven't changed schools much, I would have no reason to ever change to a different school from my current one. Having gone through years of state education, I also have my comments on that. The state school I went to was also lovely, friendly and had great teachers. Some of the other students were a little dodgy, but that's a given. Most were lovely. With any school, I firmly believe it's a case of shopping around. Whilst I loved my state school, I know people in other ones both near here and in other parts of the country, and whilst some also sound great, others sadden and disappoint me. I'm sure private schools can be the same, though.
I think a key difference is that whilst the education itself might be no better, the work ethic is. For those motivated students, good grades are quite achievable at a state school. I, however, lack motivation. I could kick myself for it, but regardless, I need that extra push. I found that private school has really helped me with that, as there is a combination of a school that is paid to really care for your children, and children whose parents pay collosal amounts for their school fees.
However, I think there's also a need to get private education right. Some private schools are obsessed with grades and work, and it sounds like you landed with a couple that were like that, who just wanted to turn the kids into workaholics. I know exactly what you mean, and in fact when my parents were looking at schools for my sister and I years ago, they were actually recommended my current school by a student at another school because they "have a lot more fun" at mine. That's where it gets sad, and whilst I believe a private education is a great way of ensuring a healthy, happy and well-educated child, there are some private schools who do it completely wrong. I'd much rather good grades, a good time, and a good life, rather than excellent grades but no life whatsoever.
Indeed, state schools can also offer all the positive aspects of private school above, but in my experience that requires a lot more looking around. At the end of the day I think private education is great if you can afford it, but state education is also perfectly fine (it's by no means the evil dump full of scum which people make it out to be). A good education isn't nessecarily about money, it's about the extent to which parents care. Rather than just send their child to whatever school is nearest, if they shop around and find a lovely state school, which will provide a safe and fun, yet working environment, then they should have every confidence their child will be successful. Just my 2p.
Thank you for posting this blog, Chris. I so totally can understand why parents get into a state of desperation, believing they are letting their children and family down so much that they will struggle unfairly because of their failure to earn some (A LOT) of money and pay fees. Hopefully by reading your blog post and this one they will see some hope and not feel so cornered by the choices left – which are many!
Hi Emma, loving your writing. I am a parent of two gifted and talented children. I only found this out after enroling them at a government , public school. At the private school it was … No, no, gifted ness is bought and paid for. You pay us and then we will DECIDE how smart your child is. The bullying exists much more because the parents don't spend as much time with their children because they are busy working to pay the fees. Get a proper estimate of your child's intellect, without having to pay for it.
I'm glad to hear that your youngest is happy at her new school. I remember your FB post about her being bullied and the school not taking it seriously. My daughter's (state) primary takes bullying very seriously. They have two members of staff who are available to work with kids and parents on bullying and other behavioural and emotional issues. There is also a weekly drop-in where you can discuss any concerns about your child, relating to bullying or anything else. As a result, bullying doesn't seem to be a problem in her school.
This is a really interesting, frank, well written post. I am a working Mum and we are about to move house out of London. I have been worrying about the school change and often feel the guilt that is showered on us busy parents. I think the best thing a parent can do if they care about a child's education is spend time working with them. Your post made me feel less guilty and happier with my choices. I have always harboured impossible aspirations to have my children privately educated because my own state education was shocking, however as I am growing up I am discovering many private educated were just as bad. I like your daughter's comment about being taught how to work hard. That is an important thing and something a parent can do just as well as a school. Thank-you for the post.
It's nothing short of horrifying to me that there are people who will throw themself under a train because they might have to forego a private education for their kids. Putting aside the correlation of grinding a rail network to a halt for selfish reasons with the snobbishness of insisting on private school, are there really people in the world who think that state schools are worth dying over?
My mum got hit by a car on the way to an appeal against a catchment area when it was time for me to go to secondary school. If that hadn't happened I would probably have ended up in a different school, but still a state school nonetheless. It's one thing to have an accident dashing to a meeting to fight for your child's best interests but I can't get my head around robbing a child of their Mum over private school. Madness.
My greater fear would be our daughter (she's half-American) going to school in the US, where schoolkids seem to represent target practice for lunatics, nowadays.
Emma, it's also been my experience of seeing private schools tell some single mothers that their child has this or that learning issue. It's not right to do this. I had someone tell me lily needed help and I said…. How many students does the learning disorder teacher need to see to justify her position financially. Well there is nothing wrong with my girl so find someone else to pick on.
Ps. And I'm not a single mother but I'm just saying that these schools will pick on a minority group, or the weak. Stay confident and strong. You are so smart, your kids will be champions.
Thank you for this. I sought a private school eductation for my eldest son nearly 20 years ago to fulfil the myth for me and his grandfather and because i wasn't paying the fees. When his younger brother started at the same school in the prep department 8 years later, still fuelled by the myth, I put him through hell – bad teaching, bullying by teachers until his hair started falling out due to stress. I decided that if he didn't like school, I didn't need to spend the best part of £10k a year for him to be miserable – we could get that for free!! I removed him at the end of year 5 and put him straight back into the year 5 class at the junior school where he had attended the infants (for last 2 weeks of summer term) and where his 2 younger brothers attended. He has shone in the state sector – he has 13 GCSEs most at A*, A and B, is predicted 3 very good A levels and has an unconditional place at his first choice uni. None of this would he have achieved had he stayed where he was – indeed his best friend from those days got an academic scholarship to the senior school and was so unsuited to the hothousing, he dropped out of education entirely with only a handful of mediocre gcses!
Of the six schools I attended (we moved a lot due to parents being teachers), two were private schools. I'd agree with your observations that there are no significant differences in the quality of education and activities.
However, I'd say that the biggest difference for me was class size. The two years I had in private education were massively beneficial as the increased contact with the teacher was what I needed to improve my core English and science skills. Apart from that, I personally made much better friends in the state schools and found them much more welcoming.
I read your article with great interest (and hope). I had googled "sending your child from private to state school". I am having to take my son out of his lovely private school with a class size of 15 and send him back to state school (where he started) because of my marriage breakdown. I have contemplated using up the last of my savings to send him to a private senior school but however much I scrimp and save and sacrifice, I would struggle to afford it. However I feel like a terrible parent as I feel as if I am letting him down. He is a sensitive, sweet and quite shy boy and I am worried that the size and perhaps lack of discipline in state schools will mean he will be swallowed up and not flourish. I regret sending him their in the first place, but hindsight is a wonderful thing, but I don't want to give up on his chances of getting a first class education therefore reading your article helped me feel better – a bit. My preference would be for private school but not because I think you get a better education but because the atmosphere, discipline and smaller class sizes feel better. It is such a shame that so many parents feel like they are letting their children down if they don't put them into private school. It is ridiculous and no other country in Europe has this problem, so why do we?


text:
Gernot Kellermayr (born April 5, 1966) is a retired decathlete from Austria. He competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics.

In 1993 he tested positive for a banned steroid Metandienone, together with his teammates Franz Ratzenberger, Thomas Renner, and Andreas Berger, and was subsequently banned from competition for two years.

Achievements

References

1966 births
Living people
Austrian decathletes
Austrian male athletes
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of Austria
World Athletics Championships athletes for Austria
Doping cases in athletics
Austrian sportspeople in doping cases


text:
A Woman Soldier Speaks Out
Tuesday on the NewsHour, new charges against billionaire Jeffrey Epstein renew attention to the problem of child sex trafficking in the U.S.
Wednesday on the NewsHour, Congress battles over funding for security and humanitarian care at the U.S.-Mexico border.
Thursday on the NewsHour, the Supreme Court issues major rulings on the census citizenship question and the role of courts in partisan gerrymandering.
Tuesday on the NewsHour, the acting head of U.S. Customs and Border Protection has resigned after roughly two months in the position, at a time when legislation around immigration and border management hangs in the balance.
A Woman Soldier Speaks Out | KCET
Val Zavala
Val Zavala was anchor and executive producer of "SoCal Connected" until her retirement in 2018. Since joining KCET in 1987 she has won 15 L.A. Emmy awards.
Our story this week on Sergeant Angie Peacock shows you how one woman really wanted to make the Army her career. She was committed and gung-ho. But in 2001 she was raped by a fellow soldier while stationed in South Korea. Then was traumatized by combat in Iraq. In 2003 she was diagnosed with PTSD and discharged.
Recently we went to UCLA where Angie was a featured speaker at the law school. We didn't use any of this in our story, so I thought you'd like to see some of it. She describes the macho culture on the Army base in South Korea - drinking, prostitution, etc. Also sexual harassment training, therapy from the VA ("pills") and how it is hard for her family to understand her.
If you want to see more of Angie's story as told by documentary filmmakers from Brave New Foundation check out In Their Boots.
All SeasonsSoCal Connected Season 1SoCal Connected Season 2SoCal Connected Season 3SoCal Connected Season 4SoCal Connected Season 5SoCal Connected Season 6SoCal Connected Season 7SoCal Connected Season 8SoCal Connected Season 9
Jazz City
For decades Los Angeles has lived in the shadows of New York and Chicago when it comes to the jazz, but that's now changing. LA's jazz scene is on the upswing. Meet the people, places and sounds that are putting LA jazz back on the map.
It's Not Easy Being Green
Chopped down trees, unspent money, building homes thirty feet from the freeway: Is the city of Los Angeles falling down on the job when it comes to certain environmental policies? Socal Connected investigates.
California's wildfires are more severe and deadlier than ever before. Debates are raging as to what to do, who will pay for billions of dollars in damage and what can be done to lessen the destruction as California adjusts to its new normal.
Influencers - they are powerful, persuasive, and they are everywhere. You may not know it, but you could be living under the influence.
How hot will your neighborhood get? "SoCal Connected" looks at the ground-level effects of climate change on southern California.


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