text:
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;

namespace Free.Core.Collections.Generic
{
	///
	/// Represents a list of values, that is a struct itself. All but the first 4 values are stored in a reference type list
	/// that is shared between all copies. So caution is adviced when manipulating copies of a list.
	///
	/// <typeparam name="T">The type of elements in the list.</typeparam>
	[DebuggerDisplay("Count = {count}")]
	public struct StructList4<T> : IList<T>, IReadOnlyList<T>, IEquatable<StructList4<T>>
	{
		#region Constants
		const string EnumerationFailedExceptionMessage = "Enumeration failed due to changes made to the collection while enumerating.";
		const string MustBePositiveAndSmallerNumberOfElementsExceptionMessage = "Must be positive and smaller than the number of elements.";
		const string MustBePositiveAndSmallerOrEqualNumberOfElementsExceptionMessage = "Must be positive and smaller than or equal to the number of elements.";
		const string MustBePositiveAndMustNotExceedNumberOfElementsLeftExceptionMessage = "Must be positive and must not exceed the number of element from starting index to the end of the list.";
		const string MustBePositiveAndSmallerTargetSizeExceptionMessage = "Must be positive and smaller than the target size.";
		const string MustHaveSpaceToHoldContentIndexExceptionMessage = "Must have enough space (after the starting index) to hold the content of the list.";
		#endregion

		#region Fields
		///
		/// Holds the number of elements currently stored in the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>.
		///
		int count;

		///
		/// The values.
		///
		T v0, v1, v2, v3;

		///
		/// The values.
		///
		List<T> values;

		///
		/// Version to keep track of changes to the enumerator.
		///
		int version;
		#endregion

		#region Properties
		///
		/// Gets or sets the element at the specified <paramref name="index"/>.
		///
		/// <param name="index">The zero-based index of the element to get or set.</param>
		/// <returns>The element at the specified <paramref name="index"/>.</returns>
		public T this[int index]
		{
			get
			{
				if (index < 0 || index >= count) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index), MustBePositiveAndSmallerNumberOfElementsExceptionMessage);

				switch (index)
				{
					case 0: return v0;
					case 1: return v1;
					case 2: return v2;
					case 3: return v3;
					default: return values[index - 4];
				}
			}
			set
			{
				if (index < 0 || index >= count) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index), MustBePositiveAndSmallerNumberOfElementsExceptionMessage);

				version++;

				switch (index)
				{
					case 0: v0 = value; break;
					case 1: v1 = value; break;
					case 2: v2 = value; break;
					case 3: v3 = value; break;
					default: values[index - 4] = value; break;
				}
			}
		}

		///
		/// Gets the number of elements contained in the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>.
		///
		public int Count { get { return count; } }

		bool ICollection<T>.IsReadOnly { get { return false; } }
		#endregion

		#region Methods
		///
		/// Adds the specified <paramref name="item"/> to the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>.
		///
		/// <param name="item">The item to add.</param>
		public void Add(T item)
		{
			if (values == null) values = new List<T>();

			version++;
			count++;

			switch (count)
			{
				case 1: v0 = item; return;
				case 2: v1 = item; return;
				case 3: v2 = item; return;
				case 4: v3 = item; return;
				default: values.Add(item); return;
			}
		}

		///
		/// Adds the specified <paramref name="items"/> to the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>.
		///
		/// <param name="items">The items to add.</param>
		public void AddRange(IEnumerable<T> items)
		{
			if (values == null) values = new List<T>();

			version++;

			if (count >= 4)
			{
				values.AddRange(items);
				count = values.Count + 4;
				return;
			}

			foreach (var i in items) Add(i);
		}

		///
		/// Removes all elements from a <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>.
		///
		public void Clear()
		{
			if (values == null) values = new List<T>();

			version++;
			count = 0;
			values.Clear();
		}

		///
		/// Determines whether a specific <paramref name="item"/> is in the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>.
		///
		/// <param name="item">The object to locate in the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>. The value can be null for reference types.</param>
		/// <returns>true if item is found in the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>; otherwise, false.</returns>
		public bool Contains(T item)
		{
			if (item == null)
			{
				if (count <= 0) return false;
				if (v0 == null) return true;
				if (count <= 1) return false;
				if (v1 == null) return true;
				if (count <= 2) return false;
				if (v2 == null) return true;
				if (count <= 3) return false;
				if (v3 == null) return true;
			}
			else
			{
				if (count <= 0) return false;
				if (item.Equals(v0)) return true;
				if (count <= 1) return false;
				if (item.Equals(v1)) return true;
				if (count <= 2) return false;
				if (item.Equals(v2)) return true;
				if (count <= 3) return false;
				if (item.Equals(v3)) return true;
			}

			if (count <= 4) return false;
			return values.Contains(item);
		}

		///
		/// Copies the entire <see cref="StructList4{T}"/> to a <paramref name="array"/>, starting at the specified
		/// <paramref name="arrayIndex">index</paramref> of the target <paramref name="array"/>.
		///
		/// <param name="array">The array that is the destination of the elements to be copied.</param>
		/// <param name="arrayIndex">The index in <paramref name="array"/> at which to start copying.</param>
		public void CopyTo(T[] array, int arrayIndex = 0)
		{
			if (array == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(array));
			if (arrayIndex < 0 || arrayIndex >= array.Length) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(arrayIndex), MustBePositiveAndSmallerTargetSizeExceptionMessage);
			if (count > array.Length - arrayIndex) throw new ArgumentException(MustHaveSpaceToHoldContentIndexExceptionMessage, nameof(array));

			if (count == 0) return;
			array[0] = v0;
			if (count == 1) return;
			array[1] = v1;
			if (count == 2) return;
			array[2] = v2;
			if (count == 3) return;
			array[3] = v3;
			if (count == 4) return;

			values.CopyTo(array, arrayIndex + 4);
		}

		///
		/// Indicates whether the current object is equal to another object.
		///
		/// <param name="other">The other object.</param>
		/// <returns>true if the current object is equal to the other parameter; otherwise, false.</returns>
		public bool Equals(StructList4<T> other)
		{
			if (count != other.count) return false;
			if (!Equals(v0, other.v0)) return false;
			if (!Equals(v1, other.v1)) return false;
			if (!Equals(v2, other.v2)) return false;
			if (!Equals(v3, other.v3)) return false;
			return ReferenceEquals(values, other.values);
		}

		///
		/// Determines the position of first occurrence of a specific <paramref name="item"/> in the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>.
		///
		/// <param name="item">The object to locate in the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>. The value can be null for reference types.</param>
		/// <returns>If found, the index where the item was found; otherwise, minus one (-1).</returns>
		/// <overloads>Returns the index of the first occurrence of an element in the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>.</overloads>
		public int IndexOf(T item)
		{
			return IndexOf(item, 0, count);
		}

		///
		/// Determines the position of first occurrence (starting at a specified <paramref name="index"/>) of a specific <paramref name="item"/> in the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>.
		///
		/// <param name="item">The object to locate in the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>. The value can be null for reference types.</param>
		/// <param name="index">The starting index of the search.</param>
		/// <returns>If found, the index where the item was found; otherwise, minus one (-1).</returns>
		public int IndexOf(T item, int index)
		{
			if (index < 0 || index >= Math.Min(1, count)) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index), MustBePositiveAndSmallerNumberOfElementsExceptionMessage);

			return IndexOf(item, index, count - index);
		}

		///
		/// Determines the position of first occurrence (starting at a specified <paramref name="index"/>) of a specific <paramref name="item"/> in the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>.
		///
		/// <param name="item">The object to locate in the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>. The value can be null for reference types.</param>
		/// <param name="index">The starting index of the search.</param>
		/// <param name="count">The number of elements in the section to search.</param>
		/// <returns>If found, the index where the item was found; otherwise, minus one (-1).</returns>
		public int IndexOf(T item, int index, int count)
		{
			if (index < 0 || index >= Math.Min(1, this.count)) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index), MustBePositiveAndSmallerNumberOfElementsExceptionMessage);
			if (count < 0 || index > this.count - count) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(count), MustBePositiveAndMustNotExceedNumberOfElementsLeftExceptionMessage);

			if (item == null)
			{
				if (this.count <= 0 || count <= 0) return -1;
				if (index == 0)
				{
					if (v0 == null) return 0;
					count--;
				}
				if (this.count <= 1 || count <= 0) return -1;
				if (index <= 1)
				{
					if (v1 == null) return 1;
					count--;
				}
				if (this.count <= 2 || count <= 0) return -1;
				if (index <= 2)
				{
					if (v2 == null) return 2;
					count--;
				}
				if (this.count <= 3 || count <= 0) return -1;
				if (index <= 3)
				{
					if (v3 == null) return 3;
					count--;
				}
			}
			else
			{
				if (this.count <= 0 || count <= 0) return -1;
				if (index == 0)
				{
					if (item.Equals(v0)) return 0;
					count--;
				}
				if (this.count <= 1 || count <= 0) return -1;
				if (index <= 1)
				{
					if (item.Equals(v1)) return 1;
					count--;
				}
				if (this.count <= 2 || count <= 0) return -1;
				if (index <= 2)
				{
					if (item.Equals(v2)) return 2;
					count--;
				}
				if (this.count <= 3 || count <= 0) return -1;
				if (index <= 3)
				{
					if (item.Equals(v3)) return 3;
					count--;
				}
			}

			if (this.count <= 4 || count <= 0) return -1;
			return values.IndexOf(item, Math.Max(0, index - 4), count) + 4;
		}

		///
		/// Inserts a specific <paramref name="item"/> into the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/> at the specified index.
		///
		/// <param name="index">The index at which <paramref name="item"/> should be inserted.</param>
		/// <param name="item">The object to insert. The value can be null for reference types.</param>
		public void Insert(int index, T item)
		{
			if (index < 0 || index > count) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index), MustBePositiveAndSmallerOrEqualNumberOfElementsExceptionMessage);

			if (values == null) values = new List<T>();

			version++;
			count++;

			if (index >= 4)
			{
				values.Insert(index - 4, item);
				return;
			}

			if (count > 4) values.Insert(0, v3);
			if (index == 3) { v3 = item; return; }

			if (count > 3) v3 = v2;
			if (index == 2) { v2 = item; return; }

			if (count > 2) v2 = v1;
			if (index == 1) { v1 = item; return; }

			if (count > 1) v1 = v0;
			v0 = item;
		}

		///
		/// Determines the position of last occurrence of a specific <paramref name="item"/> in the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>.
		///
		/// <param name="item">The object to locate in the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>. The value can be null for reference types.</param>
		/// <returns>If found, the index where the item was found; otherwise, minus one (-1).</returns>
		/// <overloads>Returns the index of the last occurrence of an element in the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>.</overloads>
		public int LastIndexOf(T item)
		{
			if (count == 0) return -1;

			return LastIndexOf(item, count-1, count);
		}

		///
		/// Determines the position of last occurrence (starting at a specified <paramref name="index"/>) of a specific <paramref name="item"/> in the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>.
		///
		/// <param name="item">The object to locate in the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>. The value can be null for reference types.</param>
		/// <param name="index">The starting index of the search.</param>
		/// <returns>If found, the index where the item was found; otherwise, minus one (-1).</returns>
		public int LastIndexOf(T item, int index)
		{
			if (count == 0) return -1;

			if (index < 0 || index >= count) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index), MustBePositiveAndSmallerNumberOfElementsExceptionMessage);

			return LastIndexOf(item, index, index + 1);
		}

		///
		/// Determines the position of last occurrence (starting at a specified <paramref name="index"/>) of a specific <paramref name="item"/> in the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>.
		///
		/// <param name="item">The object to locate in the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>. The value can be null for reference types.</param>
		/// <param name="index">The starting index of the search.</param>
		/// <param name="count">The number of elements in the section to search.</param>
		/// <returns>If found, the index where the item was found; otherwise, minus one (-1).</returns>
		public int LastIndexOf(T item, int index, int count)
		{
			if (this.count == 0) return -1;

			if (index < 0 || index >= this.count) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index), MustBePositiveAndSmallerNumberOfElementsExceptionMessage);
			if (count < 0 || count > index + 1) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(count), MustBePositiveAndMustNotExceedNumberOfElementsLeftExceptionMessage);

			if (index >= 4)
			{
				int countInValues = Math.Min(count, index - 3);
				count -= countInValues;

				int ret = values.LastIndexOf(item, index - 4, countInValues);
				if (ret != -1) return ret;

				if (count <= 0) return -1;

				index = 3;
			}

			if (item == null)
			{
				switch (index)
				{
					case 3: if (v3 == null) return 3; count--; if (count <= 0) return -1; goto case 2;
					case 2: if (v2 == null) return 2; count--; if (count <= 0) return -1; goto case 1;
					case 1: if (v1 == null) return 1; count--; if (count <= 0) return -1; goto case 0;
					case 0: if (v0 == null) return 0; return -1;
				}
			}
			else
			{
				switch (index)
				{
					case 3: if (item.Equals(v3)) return 3; count--; if (count <= 0) return -1; goto case 2;
					case 2: if (item.Equals(v2)) return 2; count--; if (count <= 0) return -1; goto case 1;
					case 1: if (item.Equals(v1)) return 1; count--; if (count <= 0) return -1; goto case 0;
					case 0: if (item.Equals(v0)) return 0; return -1;
				}
			}

			return -1;
		}

		///
		/// Removes the first occurrence of a specific <paramref name="item"/> from the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>.
		///
		/// <param name="item">The object to remove from the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>. The value can be null for reference types.</param>
		/// <returns>true if <paramref name="item"/> is successfully removed; otherwise, false.</returns>
		public bool Remove(T item)
		{
			int index = IndexOf(item);
			if (index < 0) return false;

			RemoveAt(index);

			return true;
		}

		///
		/// Removes the element at the specified <paramref name="index"/> of the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>.
		///
		/// <param name="index">The index of the element to remove.</param>
		public void RemoveAt(int index)
		{
			if (index < 0 || index >= count) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index), MustBePositiveAndSmallerNumberOfElementsExceptionMessage);

			if (values == null) values = new List<T>();

			version++;
			count--;

			if (index >= 4)
			{
				values.RemoveAt(index - 4);
				return;
			}

			if (index == count) return;

			switch (index)
			{
				case 0: v0 = v1; if (count == 1) break; else goto case 1;
				case 1: v1 = v2; if (count == 2) break; else goto case 2;
				case 2: v2 = v3; if (count == 3) break; else goto case 3;
				case 3: v3 = values[0]; values.RemoveAt(0); break;
			}
		}

		///
		/// Removes a range of elements from the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/>.
		///
		/// <param name="index">The starting index of the range of elements to remove.</param>
		/// <param name="count">The number of elements to remove.</param>
		public void RemoveRange(int index, int count)
		{
			if (index < 0) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(index), MustBePositiveAndSmallerNumberOfElementsExceptionMessage);
			if (count < 0 || this.count - index < count) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(count), MustBePositiveAndMustNotExceedNumberOfElementsLeftExceptionMessage);

			if (count == 0) return;

			for (int i = index + count - 1; i >= index; i--) RemoveAt(i);
		}

		///
		/// Copies the elements of the <see cref="StructList4{T}"/> to a new array.
		///
		/// <returns></returns>
		public T[] ToArray()
		{
			T[] ret = new T[count];
			CopyTo(ret);
			return ret;
		}
		#endregion

		#region Implements IEnumerator<T>/IEnumerator members.
		IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
		{
			int ver = version;

			if (count == 0) yield break;
			if (ver != version) throw new InvalidOperationException(EnumerationFailedExceptionMessage);
			yield return v0;

			if (count == 1) yield break;
			if (ver != version) throw new InvalidOperationException(EnumerationFailedExceptionMessage);
			yield return v1;

			if (count == 2) yield break;
			if (ver != version) throw new InvalidOperationException(EnumerationFailedExceptionMessage);
			yield return v2;

			if (count == 3) yield break;
			if (ver != version) throw new InvalidOperationException(EnumerationFailedExceptionMessage);
			yield return v3;

			if (count == 4) yield break;

			for (int i = 0; i < values.Count; i++)
			{
				if (ver != version) throw new InvalidOperationException(EnumerationFailedExceptionMessage);
				yield return values[i];
			}
		}

		IEnumerator<T> IEnumerable<T>.GetEnumerator() { return GetEnumerator(); }

		IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator() { return GetEnumerator(); }
		#endregion
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The 8 GB mSATA module is a SATA III, 6.0 Gbps NAND Flash Memory module which is a high performance, highly reliable Solid State Drive (SSD). The 8 GB mSATA module can be installed into any of the Protectli Vault systems. The installation location for FW1, FW2, and FW4 series Vault can be found at this link. The installation location for the FW6 series Vault can be found at this link.


The 2018/2019 K2 B.F.C. W 90 was tested in the women's On-Off Area wide category at Silver Mountain Resort by the experts at America's Best Bootfitters, powered by Masterfit.
Of the 2019 K2 B.F.C. W 90, one tester circled all 5's (the widest) and wrote, Huge! Another circled all 5's and wrote, Big! Big! Big! So this is a wide one, get it? And testers loved it—it was their favorite in the On-Off Area wide group.
The fit is so oversized that testers wrote warnings on their test forms that only truly wide, high-volume feet need apply, but they also had no hotspot complaints or shape concerns—it was foot-like in its shape, as best they could tell. The entry and exit is worth mentioning here—as easy as it gets (and pop the walk mode and it gets even easier). One tester claimed she could put it on with no hands and with all the buckles still done up. Flex feel was even and comfortable they said, and they agreed that the calf is comfortable here—even a grown-up cow's worth of leg shaft would be at home, they figured.
Testers were shocked at how well the B.F.C. W 90 wide load rode—the stiffness was on-target, the stance angles were neutral and enabled athletic movements, the edge power was solid and the quickness was there (if you could fill up the space with foot). Testers got aggro' with the Built For Comfort and found that, apparently, it was built for crushing it too.
The Apres Mode (that's what K2 calls it) walk feature is adopted from the other more serious hikers in the K2 boot line, but if nothing else, K2 knows its target customer. This cuff release mechanism is all about strolling parking lots, tailgating, beers at lunch (maybe breakfast too), and its ease of use and range of motion is fantastic, testers said. GripWalk soles can be purchased to make the strolling even more sublime (if you have an appropriate GripWalk binding). The B.F.C. W 90's Convenience, Warmth & Features score was a perfect 5.0.


text:
Home > Vol 7, No 2 (2014) > Zhdanova
BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE UV-RADIATION AND UV-RESOURCES IN MOSCOW (1999-2013)
Ekaterina Yu. Zhdanova, Natalia Ye. Chubarova, Mario Blumthaler
The paper contains the analysis of long-term measurements of erythemally weighted UV-radiation (Qer) at the Meteorological Observatory of Moscow State University over the 1999-2013 period. Main features of seasonal variability of Qer as well as the Qer dependence on different geophysical parameters are studied. We showed that the average annual Qer attenuation due to cloudiness, total ozone content, and aerosols, is about 29, 30%, and 7%, respectively. The maximal loss of Qer due to cloudiness is observed in November (48%), while ozone-dependent attenuation is maximal in February-March (44%). We used the original technique to assess the UV-radiation impact on human health in Moscow. Specifically, we have identified the UV potential for the erythema formation and synthesis of vitamin D in humans with different skin types. The UV-deficiency conditions are observed for all considered skin types (1-4) during all days from November to February. The probability of the UV-optimum conditions for different skin types was assessed. It was shown, for example, that for skin type 2, the UV-optimum conditions are dominant from March to April and from September to October (maximum in September - 60%). We have also identified the periods with UV-excess conditions. For skin type 2, these conditions may exist from April to August.
UV-radiation, erythemal dose, skin type, vitamin D, UV-resources, Moscow
Ekaterina Yu. Zhdanova
Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Natalia Ye. Chubarova
Mario Blumthaler
Division for Biomedical Physics of the Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
1. Bais A., Lubin D. (2007). WMO (World Meteorological Organization), Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project-Report No. 50, 572 pp., Geneva, Switzerland, Chapter 7. Surface Ultraviolet Radiation: Past, Present, and Future
2. Belan B.D., Ivlev G.A., Sklyadneva Т.K. (2012). Many year monitoring of total and UV (B) radiation in Tomsk city. Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics, vol. 25, N 1, pp. 61-65, (in Russian).
3. Bouillon R., Eisman J., Garabedian et al., (2006). Action spectrum for the production of previtamin D3 in human skin. Int. Commission on Illumination. Technical report, 174, pp. 1-12.
4. Chubarova N. (editor) (2013). Environmental and climate characteristics of the atmosphere in 2012 according to the measurements of the Meteorological Observatory of Moscow State University. Moscow, MAKS Press, 207 p. (in Russian).
5. Chubarova N., Smirnov А., Holben B.N. (2011). Aerosol properties in Moscow according to 10 years of AERONET measurements at the Meteorological Observatory of Moscow State University. Geography, Environment, Sustainability, vol. 4, N 1, pp. 19-32.
6. Chubarova N., Zhdanova Ye. (2013). Ultraviolet resources over Northern Eurasia. Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, vol. 127, pp. 38-51.
7. Chubarova N.E. (2002). Monitoring of biologically active UV radiation in the Moscow region, Izvestiya. Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, vol. 38, N 3, pp. 312-322.
8. Chubarova N.E. (2008). UV variability in Moscow according to long-term UV measurements and reconstruction model. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, pp. 3025-3031.
9. Chubarova N.E., Zhdanova E.Yu. (2012). Ultraviolet resources over the territory of Russia under clear sky conditions. Vestnik MGU. Series 5. Geography, N 6, pp. 9-19 (in Russian).
10. Chubarova N.Ye., etc. (2014). Climatic and environmental characteristics of the Moscow megapolis for 60 years of observations by the Meteorological Observatory of MSU. Meteorology and Hydrology, in print.
11. Efron B. and Tibshirani R.J. (1993). An introduction to the bootstrap, New York: Chapman & Hall/CRC (Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability; 57), 436 p.
12. Engelsen O., Brustad M., Aksnes L. and Lund E. (2005). UV radiation, vitamin D and human health: an unfolding controversy daily duration of vitamin D synthesis in human skin with relation to latitude, total ozone, altitude, ground cover, aerosols and cloud thickness. J. Photochem. and Photobiol., vol. 81, pp. 1287-1290.
13. Fioletov V.E., M.G. Kimlin, N. Krotkov, L.J.B. McArthur, J.B. Kerr, D.I. Wardle, J.R. Herman, R. Meltzer, T.W. Mathews, J. Kaurola (2004). UV index climatology over the United States and Canada from ground-based and satellite estimates. J. Geophys. Res., vol. 109, D22.
14. Fioletov V.E., McArthur L.J.B. T.W. Mathews, L. Marrett (2010). Estimated ultraviolet exposure levels for a sufficient vitamin D status in North America Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 100, pp. 57-66.
15. Fitzpatrick T.B., (1988). The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Arch. Dermatol., 124, pp. 869-871.
16. Holick M.F. and Jenkins, M. (2003). The UV advantage: new medical breakthroughs reveal powerful health benefits from sun exposure and tanning, publication of ibooks, inc.
17. Kazantzidis, A., Bais, A.F., Zempila, M.M., Kazadzis, S., den Outer, P.N., Koskela, T., and Slaper, H. (2009). Calculations of the human vitamin D exposure from UV spectral measurements at three European stations. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 8, pp. 45-51.
18. Krzys'cin. J.W., Jarosіawski J., Sobolewski P.S. (2011). A mathematical model for seasonal variability of vitamin D due to solar radiation, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol., vol. 105, issue 1, pp. 106-112.
19. McKenzie R.L., Liley J. Ben, Bjorn L.O. (2009). UV radiation: balancing risks and benefits, Photochemistry and Photobiology, 85, pp. 88-98.
20. Mutzhas M.F., Amlong J.-U., Cesarini J.-P., Ferenczi S., Gange R.W., Gschnait F., (1993). Reference action spectra for ultraviolet induced erythema and pigmentation of different human skin types, "CIE Technical Collection 1993", CIE Central Bureau, Vienna, Austria, pp. 15-22.
21. Olds W.J., Lucas R. M. and Kimlin M. G. (2010). Action Spectrum for Vitamin D Synthesis. http://www.niwa.co.nz/sites/default/files/action_spectrum_for_vit_d_synthesis.pdf
22. Reichrath, Jörg (editors). Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer Series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol. 624, 2008, p. 342.
23. Rosental, V., Chubarova N., Izakova, O., Sharaev, G. (1999). Monitoring of radiation fluxes by means of SUN software. Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics, vol. 12, N 1, pp. 82-86. (in Russian).
24. Seckmeyer G., Pissulla D., et all. (2008). Variability of UV Irradiance in Europe. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 84, pp. 172-179.
25. Serrano A., Ant'on M., Cancillo M.L., and Mateos (2006). V.L. Daily and annual variations of erythemal ultraviolet radiation in Southwestern Spain, Ann. Geophys., 24, pp. 427-441.
26. Simic S., Weihs P., Vacek A., Kromp-Kolb H., Fitzka M. (2008). Spectral UV measurements in Austria from 1994-2006: investigations of short- and long-term changes. Atmos. Chem. Phys. V. 8, N 23. pp. 7033-7043.
27. Vecchia P., Hietanen M., Stuck B.E., van Deventer E., Niu Sh. (editors) Protecting Workers from Ultraviolet Radiation, International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (2007), printed by DCM, Meckenheim, p. 110.
28. Webb A.R., Engelsen O. (2006). Calculated ultraviolent exposure levels for a healthy vitamin D status, Photochem. Photobiol., 82 (6), pp. 1697-1703.
29. Zhdanova E.Yu., Chubarova N.E. (2011). Estimation of different atmospheric parameters impact on biologically active UV irradiance according to calculations and measurements Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics, vol. 24, N 9, pp. 775-781.
Zhdanova E.Yu., Chubarova N.Y., Blumthaler M. BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE UV-RADIATION AND UV-RESOURCES IN MOSCOW (1999-2013). GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY. 2014;7(2):71-85. https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2014-7-2-71-85

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Nazran Airport () is a civil airport located near Nazran, Russia.

See also
 Magas Airport

Airports built in the Soviet Union
Airports in the Republic of Ingushetia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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HS2 Ancient Woodlands
HS2 has produced a document detailing their mitigation strategy for the 36 Ancient Woodlands to be destroyed or otherwise affected by the proposed railway.
The complete original document is here:
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hs2-phase-one-ancient-woodland-strategy
Below is an extract of the details as they affect our local woodlands.
Broadwells Wood
This map can be enlarged by clicking on it...
Broadwells Wood (15.6ha) is identified on the ancient woodland inventory, and contains both areas of semi-natural ancient woodland and PAWS [Plantation on Ancient Woodland Site]. It is located between Crackley Wood and the village of Burton Green. It is a LWS [Local Wildlife Site] in Warwickshire, and supports lowland mixed deciduous woodland, a Habitat of Principal Importance.
Broadwells Wood comprises mature standards of pedunculate oak, birch and ash, together with some conifers and sycamore, over an understorey of hazel coppice, holly and common hawthorn.
The woodland appears to have been felled during the Second World War, as indicated on aerial photographs from 1945. It is likely that the woodland was planted with stands of broadleaved trees and conifers after this period. An area of 1.5ha has been cleared recently and replanted with oak, ash and cherry along the north-western edge. There is evidence of pheasant rearing (old pheasant pens) and shooting (a high seat), the latter of which is likely to have been the reason for the removal of a certain amount of the understorey vegetation.
The woodland canopy is composed of pedunculate and ash standards. Planted Scots pine, Norway spruce, common larch (Larix decidua), sweet chestnut and sycamore are also present.
The main woodland community is W10a [W10a is a reference used in the National Vegetation Classification] Quercus robur-Pteridium aquilinum-Rubus fruticosus woodland, typical sub-community, which has bluebell, bracken and bramble dominant in the field layer (with a MATCH coefficient of 53%) [MATCH is an algorithm for comparing two plant communities]. Immediately adjacent to the streams, ponds and wetter depressions, the vegetation is influenced by moister and more base-rich conditions with abundant tufted hair-grass and lesser celandine, and occasional patches of wood anemone, opposite-leaved golden-saxifrage, enchanter's nightshade, common marshbedstraw and cuckoo flower.
This woodland community is W8b Fraxinus excelsior-Acer campestre-Mercurialis perennis woodland, Anemone nemorosa sub-community. The wood anemone sub-community (W8b) generally has a south-easterly distribution in Britain, common on heavy base-rich soils, but is less common and more scattered in distribution in Warwickshire, the Midlands and northwest Britain.
Broadwells Wood has been assessed as having a conservation status significant at the county/metropolitan level.
Measures taken to avoid or reduce impacts
Changes to the scheme brought forward in the SES [Supplementary Environmental Statement] and AP2 ES, mean that an area of approximately 0.7ha of ancient woodland located within the Hybrid Bill limits will now be retained and not utilised or otherwise directly impacted during either construction or operation (see Figure EC-AWS-014) [the map reproduced above].
Impacts and associated effects
Loss of approximately 2.8ha of ancient semi-natural woodland and 0.4ha of replanted ancient woodland was reported in the main ES, a total of 3.2ha. However, recent updates to the scheme GIS [Geographic Information System; Ordnance Survey] database has increased the accuracy of the figures previously reported and the expected loss of ancient woodland at Broadwell Wood is now expected to be approximately 3.6ha (see Figure EC-AWS-014). The retained sections will be fragmented by the scheme.
While the area of woodland affected is slightly larger than that which was reported in the main ES [Environmental Statement] this remains a permanent adverse effect on the conservation status of ancient woodland which will be significant at a county/metropolitan level.
Black Waste Wood
This map, which also shows Little Poors Wood, can be enlarged by clicking on it...
Only part of Black Waste Wood was identified on the ancient woodland inventory as seminatural ancient woodland during the production of the main ES in 2012/2013. Following a review of historic mapping in 2014 the area recognised as ancient semi-natural woodland increased, with these areas added to the ancient woodland inventory in October 2015.
Black Waste Wood is located east of Burton Green and north of the Kenilworth Greenway. The main woodland site slopes gently towards the south-east, bounded by the gardens of houses in Burton Green to the west, and by arable fields and pasture along the northern and eastern perimeters. A small stream runs through the lower (southern) part of the site, and there are minor wood banks running along parts of the eastern boundary.
Black Waste Wood supports lowland mixed deciduous woodland, a Habitat of Principal Importance. NVC [National Vegetation Classification] surveys were carried out in 2012 and 2013 (Main ES Volume 5 Appendix EC-001-003) due to different land parcels being accessible in different years. The surveys recorded the main body of Black Waste Wood has having a canopy of pedunculate oak, silver birch, downy birch and rowan, with an understorey of holly, common hawthorn, hazel and honeysuckle. The most abundant species are bramble, ivy, and native bluebell, the latter being very abundant. Yellow archangel is locally prominent, forming patches; and bracken is very abundant under the open birch canopy in the north of the compartment.
There appears to have been little recent management. Non-native invasive plant species are present within the woodland, including rhododendron. There were occasional signs of grazing, and muntjac deer (Muntiacus reevesi) were seen. Areas adjacent to the housing have been disturbed and clearings made, and part of the site, adjacent to the north-west ownership boundary, has been replanted with pine. The part of the LWS within the land required for construction of the original scheme has been partially clear felled and used for horse grazing. Many of the open cleared areas are dominated by bracken.
This woodland community is primarily W10c Quercus robur-Pteridium aquilinum-Rubus fruticosus woodland, Hedera helix sub-community (with a MATCH coefficient of similarity of 64%), which is present where there is a closed canopy. It is likely that this grades to W10d Quercus robur-Pteridium aquilinum-Rubus fruticosus woodland, Holcus lanatus sub-community in the north of the compartment where it joins the greater part of Black Waste Wood. These sub-communities are variations of the typical sub-community, widespread on base-poor soils in the British lowlands, and relatively common where traditional woodland management is no longer undertaken.
Part of Black Waste Wood was identified as being included on the ancient woodland inventory in the main ES.
The whole of Black Waste Wood, including a section along Red Lane, was identified as potential ancient woodland in the SES (Part 1 of the SES and AP2 ES) as a result of additional cultural heritage baseline information. As the whole of Black Waste Wood was collectively valued in the main ES as of county/metropolitan value, the valuation did not change within the SES.
There were no specific measures taken to avoid or reduce the loss of ancient woodland at Little Poors Wood. To avoid impacting local residents in the Burton Green area, the Greenway was used for the alignment of the route. As such, the route of the railway is constrained in this location and it was not possible to implement measures to avoid or reduce impacts to Black Waste Wood.
The loss of woodland habitat was reported in the main ES although none of this loss was from woodland that was identified as ancient reported within the main ES.
Following review of historic mapping the SES and AP2 ES updated the assessment reported in the main ES, and identified that the scheme was expected to result in the loss of 1.4ha of ancient woodland at Black Waste Wood. This was assessed as an adverse effect significant at the county/metropolitan level.
Since publication of the SES and AP2 ES Black Waste Wood has been added to the ancient woodland inventory. However, based on further review of field data and aerial photography, the area identified in the inventory as ancient has been reduced to exclude areas of habitat along the north western boundary that show evidence of previous clearance. As a consequence, the loss of ancient woodland at Black Waste Wood is now expected to be 0.6ha, this is a 0.8ha reduction on that stated within the SES and AP2 ES (see Figure EC-AWS-015) [the map reproduced above]. This remains an adverse effect significant at the county/metropolitan level.
Translocation of ancient woodland soil
No translocation of ancient woodland soil is proposed for Black Waste Wood, as the quality of woodland being affected is too low to justify translocation, in particular due to a dense cover of rhodendron making the soil unsuitable for translocation.
Soil conditions
The soil conditions at Black Waste Wood are classified as 'Slowly permeable seasonally wet slightly acid but base-rich loamy and clayey soils'.
Woodland planting
Wood planting comprises a 0.2ha of woodland habitat creation adjacent to the retained part of Black Waste Wood (see Figure EC-AWS-015).
Enhancement of ancient woodland
An 8.3ha area of retained ancient woodland at Black Waste Wood will be subject to woodland management and enhancement (see Figure EC-AWS-015). This measure is provided as compensation for losses to several areas of woodlands in CFA18 that have been added to the ancient woodland inventory since the main ES (including Black Waste Wood itself). The management and enhancement will include measures such as the removal of invasive plant species such as rhododendron, and management of dead wood habitat and trees for the benefit of wildlife, particularly invertebrates and bats.
Little Poors Wood
The location of Little Poors Wood is shown on the Balckwaste Wood map, in the previous section (above).
Little Poors Wood was not included on the ancient woodland inventory in 2012. Little Poors Wood appears on the ancient woodland inventory in October 2015 as ancient semi-natural woodland. Little Poors Wood forms one half of Little Poors and Big Poors Wood LWS.
Little Poors Wood is a small deciduous woodland of 1.4ha located at Burton Green, Warwickshire. The woodland supports lowland mixed deciduous woodland, a Habitat of Principal Importance. NVC surveys carried out in 2013 (Main ES Volume 5 Appendix EC-001-003) recorded a canopy of mature pedunculate oak (up to 25m in height) with occasional silver birch. In the understorey, neglected hazel coppice is locally dominant with occasional rowan.
The shrub layer is well developed and consists of bramble, common hawthorn, Midland hawthorn, elder and occasional holly. There are some clearings dominated by bracken and replanted with young trees. The ground flora is well developed but limited to a few species indicative of acidic ground conditions including bracken, broad buckler-fern, creeping softgrass and bluebell.
A pond within the woodland is 90% shaded by trees and scrub. Floating sweet grass (Glyceria fluitans) is dominant within the pond and remote sedge (Carex remota) and mosses are found on the edges of the pond.
The woodland community is W10c Quercus robur-Pteridium aquilinum-Rubus fruticosus woodland, Hedera helix sub-community (with a MATCH coefficient of similarity of 57%), a subcommunity typical of unmanaged woodland, and widespread in the British lowlands.
Little Poors Wood was not identified as ancient woodland in the main ES. The woodland habitat was valued at district/borough level.
As a result of additional cultural heritage baseline information Little Poors Wood was identified as ancient woodland within the SES (Part 1 of the SES and AP2 ES) although the value of the woodland did not change.
There were no specific measures taken to avoid or reduce the loss of ancient woodland at Little Poors Wood. To avoid impacting local residents in the Burton Green area, the Greenway was used for the alignment of the route. As such, the route of the railway is constrained in this location and it was not possible to implement measures to avoid or reduce impacts to Little Poors Wood.
The scheme will result in the loss of a strip of land from Little Poors Wood that is required for the Burton Green Tunnel (approximately 0.2ha) (see Figure EC-AWS-015). This is expected to result in an adverse effect on the conservation status of the ancient woodland at Little Poors Wood that is significant at a district/borough level.
Translocation of ancient woodland soils
Given that a very small area of the poor quality woodland edge at Little Poors Wood will be lost, translocation of soils will be inappropriate, and is not proposed.
No woodland planting is proposed in response to the losses of ancient woodland at Little Poors.
The SES3 and AP4 ES introduced a number of changes to woodland compensation proposals in CFA18 (SES3 and AP4 ES Volume 5 AP4-018-004). Under the AP4 revised scheme 11ha of Black Waste Wood was included within the land required for management and enhancement of the woodland habitat to address the additional loss of ancient woodland in CFA18 (see Figure EC-AWS-015).
Mitigation to offset the loss of this woodland involves the management and enhancement of 8.3ha of Black Waste Wood. This measure is provided as compensation for losses to several areas of woodlands in CFA18 that have been added to the ancient woodland inventory since the main ES (including Little Poors). This will include measures such as the removal of invasive plant species, for example rhododendron, and management of deadwood habitat and trees for the benefit of wildlife, particularly invertebrates and bats (see Figure EC-AWS-015)).
Enhancement of non-ancient woodland
No enhancement of non-ancient woodland is required as compensation for works at Black Waste Wood.
Labels: Ancient Woodland, HS2
HS2 Planning Context
Curry Pop Up - March 10th
Burglaries - Cromwell Lane (5th, 15th and 19th Feb...


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Marco Polo Guides Blog
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Tag: Dublin
Marco Polo's 24 Holiday traditions from around the world – Day 16: Ireland Wren Day
December 16, 2017 December 19, 2017 1 Comment
Day 16 of our Advent Calendar and today we are headed to the Emerald Isle, Ireland, to look at the tradition of the Wren Day. Did you miss yesterday's post? Check it out here!
"December 26" (Public Domain) by National Library of Ireland on The Commons
IRELAND WREN DAY
When many of us are celebrating Boxing Day on December 26th, in Ireland the day is traditionally known as the Wren Day, or Hunt of the Wren Day, Lá an Dreoilín in Gaelic. Up until the 21st century, it was customary to hold a bird hunt, to hunt a wren, and then hang the hunted bird in a net from a pitchfork and walk it through the town in a parade. Nowadays the hunt is usually skipped, or a fake bird is used instead. The parade consists of mummers, dressed up in masks, straw suits and colourful clothing, playing music and singing songs. The parades are sometimes called wrenboys and often at the end of the day, special parties, or 'Wren balls' are held.
There are several theories on the origins of the tradition. Some say it's a Celtic tradition, the others claim a Norse origin, and there is also a claim that it is a Christian tradition. Whatever the true origin, the tradition is fundamentally Irish. A good, lively way to burn calories off after Christmas dinner.
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What bloggers are saying about Marco Polo Guides
Our travel guides are often found in the hands of travel bloggers and who better to put them to the test! Here is what a few of them had to say about Marco Polo Guides:
Heels in My Backpack
Photo credit: heelsinmybackpack.com
Rome Spiral Guide: "It's difficult when you're visiting somewhere for the first time and only have a short amount of time to experience it. How are you meant to prioritise what to do? Should you just hit the big time high profile sights? Try to go off the beaten path?
Well this is the predicament I was in when I visited Rome last month. My Anchored cruise was departing on the Sunday and I decided to fly in on the Friday night so I could enjoy a full Saturday of Rome goodness. So essentially I needed to experience Rome in a day… I mean I know Rome wasn't built in a day so presumably it would be difficult to see it all in a day, right?
Enter my brand new and shiny Marco Polo Spiral Guide to Rome.
To maximise my time, I thought I'd try out one of their 'Perfect Day' itineraries to make sure I was making the most of this glorious day.
And it really was glorious, it was 33 degrees celsius on this particular day. Not the ideal temp for walking around in the boiling sun all day, but hey, I went with it.
There are several day itineraries in the guide but I decided to go for the 'Ancient City' variation. Mainly because it included the Colosseum and I'm basic like that. But also because it looked like it had a good mix of the big sights I had heard of and under the radar gems." See the full post here: heelsinmybackpack.com.
The Sunny Side of This
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Brussels Pocket Guide: "My favorite parts of their guide were the Do's and Dont's of Belgium (particularly the driving laws of the city), the useful phrases section both in French and Dutch, and their Discovery Tours suggestions. For this review we did a little bit of a mix and match of their Discovery Tours section, given that we had the baby with us and we wanted to go around by public transportation.
We were also very relieved that the restaurant suggestions all come with the place's schedules. Restaurants in Brussels are usually not open on Sundays, and only open during lunch time or dinner (ex. 12-2, and 6-9pm). Luckily, the park we visited had a festival that particular weekend and it was filled with food trucks!" Read more on thesunnysideofthis.com.
Sophie's Suitcase
Photo credit: sophiessuitcase.com
London Spiral Guide: "I had a lovely 48 wandering London and used my trusty guide to keep me heading in the right direction and I came across so many lesser known shops, cafes and restaurants because of this. Marco Polo Travel Guide books trump other equivalent maps because each time the book mentions a place, whether it's a cafe, bar or landmark, it also makes sure it references the map co-ordinates too so that you can find the place super easy. BINGO!" See the full post on sophiessuitcase.com.
Paris Spiral Guide: "We also sat down with a cup of tea and planned the next 48 hours of our lives, in beautiful Paris! I don't know why but I hadn't really asked for tips and tricks from the internet and instead was relying solely on my new Marco Polo Travel Guide to get us from one spot to another.
As we were only going to be in Paris for 48 hours we circled the places we really wanted to visit, and then crossed a few others off the list that we would save for another trip. We mapped out our route for the days and used the book to find out opening times, entry prices and how we would get there." Read more on sophiessuitcase.com.
Tara Povey – Where is Tara
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Dublin Spiral Guide: "If it's your first time in Dublin, especially if you're just visiting for a weekend, you might feel a bit overwhelmed about where to begin and how to really make the most of your time to experience the best that the city has in store. Never fear. Marco Polo and I are here to help you out. Marco Polo, you ask? The famous explorer? Well, kind of – The Marco Polo Dublin guide, stuffed to the gills with useful information. It's a real gem when it comes to maximizing your time and planning your trip. Each part of the city is handily dealt with in separate sections. It's easy to see at a glance which attractions are close to each other, how to get to them, and where to find great food without going out of your way. Navigating and finding your way around has never been easier." Find out more on whereistara.com.
Alice – Teacake Travels
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London Spiral Guide: "There's just so much to see and do around London! You could spend months and months here without barely scratching the surface. Yet, when time is so short, we need to get to the point!
What if you want to do something different, like that time I set out to discover the street art scene in Shoreditch? What if you want to see a different side of London, hangout in places that you won't find in most guidebooks, see the city's charmingly British eccentricity and hit up some of the most weird London attractions?
You could spend hours searching for tidbits online or alternatively arm yourself with my advice and a copy of the Marco Polo London spiral guide.
Divided into sections for different parts of the city, each chapter has a handy map and suggestions on how to maximize your time, leaving you able to discover the different parts of London with ease. There's also terrific digestible recommendations for places to eat and drink in here, to stop you feeling overwhelmed from all the wonderful dining options in London!" See the full post on teacaketravels.com.
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Only in Dublin
The Irish capital is rich with museums and galleries, churches and sport facilities, with sightseeing attractions, shopping opportunities and concert halls, with cinemas and theatres, but most of all – with pubs! Almost everything is within easy walking distance, as the city centre is small.
Small but perfectly formed, we might add! Let Marco Polo show you some unique experiences to be had in Ireland's capital:
Dublin's poets and the thirst
If you would like to follow in the footsteps of poets, you need not worry about getting thirsty
on the way. On the Literary Pub Crawl actors lead you from pub to pub and as they go
along they recite verses, sing ballads, act out melodramas and talk about the
authors' works.
The Georgian style Merrion Square
The brightly coloured doors of the Merrion Square, built in the Georgian style,
will make quite an impression on you. In the middle of the beautiful park there is a
collection of historic street lamps and a few sculptures, one of Oscar Wilde, who lived at no. 1 between 1855 and 1876.
The rich and famous
If you want to keep an eye out for celebrities, the best place to go is the Horseshoe Bar at the Shelbourne Hotel. This is the place to see and be seen and the hotel and its bar are a Dublin institution, quite a few scandals have played out here.
Cultural market
Dive into the multiculturalism of Moore Street: no other street better symbolises the old and the new Dublin. The garrulous women at this market are an Irish institution but they now have new neighbours: immigrants from Africa, Asia and Eastern Europe have opened grocery stores, hair salons, music shops and a pub.
Favourite number game
Nowhere is Ireland more Irish than at bingo. The lottery game was first introduced by the Catholic Church as a fundraiser. Bingo evenings take place in the community halls and at the National Stadium. Try your luck!
Train trip along the coast
Get to know Ireland starting from Dublin: the Dart (Dublin Area Rapid Transport) will take you once around Dublin Bay. The commuter train goes from Howth and Malahide in the north of Dublin along the coast up to Greystones in county Wicklow.
Buy the Dublin Marco Polo Guide.
Low Budget Dublin
Dublin has a reputation for being expensive – and it is! However, with some forward planning and our top insider tips, you can grab lots of bargains in Ireland's capital! Let Marco Polo show you how:
Views across the city
If you want to see Dublin from above, you'll have to pay: for the Dublin Wheel or the Chimney but the view from Howth Heath over the Dublin Bay, the mountains and many other parts of the city is free and peaceful. The short ascent begins behind the Deer Park Hotel. 84 rooms | Deer Park, Howth | Tel. 01 8 32 34 89 | DART (Dublin Area Rapid Transit): Howth | www.deerpark-hotel.ie
The beer on the outskirts of the city may be cheaper, but in many pubs in the city centre there is also live music – without having to pay an admission fee. Good options: The Brazen Head (Bridge Street), Oliver St John Gogarty (Fleet Street) and especially Hughes' Bar, where you can also often hear the bagpipes being played (19 Chancery St. | Luas: Four Courts).
If your feet hurt from all the sightseeing, then why not let the comfortable and eco-friendly Ecocab take you anywhere within Dublin's city centre. The rickshaw-like tricycles are a free service, thanks to corporate sponsorship.
Strong cyclists will take you to any destination within Dublin's city centre in modern, covered tricycles, also in a radius of about 2km/1.2 miles around the O'Connell Bridge. They ride between 10am and 7pm and have certain stops, but can also be waved down. They are sponsored by companies, so you don't need to pay them, but a tip will be greatly appreciated. Don't mistake the Ecocabs with the rickshaws or bicycle taxis that demand a fee! www.ecocabs.ie
Dublin Bus offers a variety of reasonably priced passes, for example the 3 day Rambler Ticket for all lines including the airport bus 747 and 748 (€13.30) or the 3 day Freedom Ticket (€26) which includes a round trip with commentary. Available at the airport and 59 Upper O'Connell Street. Insider tip: make sure you have enough change when taking the bus because the drivers don't give change. Schedules and tickets: Dublin Bus Office | 59 Upper O'Connell St. | Tel. 01 8 73 42 22 | Mon–Sat 9am–5.30pm | www.dublinbus.ie
Museums – Free entry
National Gallery: masterpieces from all over Europe from the 14th to the 20th century. The Italian section is one of the most impressive with works by Fra Angelico, Titian and Michelangelo Caravaggio whose 'The Taking of Christ' is probably the most significant painting in the entire collection. Also on display are works by Spanish painters like Diego Velazquez, Francisco de Goya and Pablo Picasso, French masters like Nicolas Poussin and the Impressionists as well as German and Dutch works like those by Emil Nolde and Peter Paul Ruben which all hang in its magnificent 19th century halls. British and Irish artists are given priority, such as portrait painters Thomas Gainsborough and Joshua Reynolds as well as the most significant Irish artist of the 20th century, Jack Butler Yeats. In the new wing of the National Gallery is the popular Museum café. Mon–Sat 9.30am–5.30pm (Thu until 8.30pm), Sun midday–5.30pm | Free admission | Merrion Square West and Clare St. | Bus: Merrion Square | www.nationalgallery.ie
National Library: a magnificent building dating back to the 19th century. The ornate entrance hall staircase leads up to the large reading room with a glass roof, a colourful frieze and ceiling mouldings. The original furnishings include shelves with wood carvings and tables with green reading lamps. Mon–Sat 9.30am–5.30pm (Thu until 8.30pm), Sun midday–5.30pm | Free admission | Merrion Square West and Clare St. | Bus: Merrion Square.
National History Museum: irreverent Dubliners call it the 'Dead Zoo'. At the entrance you are greeted by the skeletons of some of the Irish elks that lived here 10,000 years ago. The Irish Room on the ground floor is dedicated to indigenous animals, while the top floor has animals from around the world. Even after extensive renovations the museum has kept its Victorian charm – it has remained a kind of museum within a museum. Tue–Sat 10am–5pm, Sun 2pm–5pm | Free admission | Merrion St. | Bus: Merrion Square West | www.museum.ie
Other outstanding Dublin facilities offering free admission: the National Museum – Archaeology, the National Museum – Decorative Arts and History, the Chester Beatty Library, the Irish Museum of Modern Art and the Hugh Lane Gallery.
Reasonably priced Chinese restaurants can be found in Dublin's growing Chinatown on Parnell Street in the section east of Parnell Square and on Chapel Street.
Many pubs serve meals from midday until early evening, they range from soups to roast beef with all the trimmings. The portions are plentiful and the prices (by Dublin's standards) are very reasonable. An excellent option is The Brian Boru near the Glasnevin Cemetery. 9 Prospect Road | Bus 4, 13, 19, 19a: Hart's Corner | www.thebrianboru.ie
Market Bar: behind an unassuming façade lies one of the most stylish bars in Dublin. A café by day, a tapas bar by night or simply a hip and happening place to enjoy a glass of wine. What was once a market hall and sausage factory has been converted into an airy space with rustic benches under a high vaulted glass and iron ceiling. The lack of music – very unusual in Dublin! – means an evening of conversation and craic. The wine list includes a good selection from Spain and South America. Fade St. | Tel. 01 6 13 90 94 | Bus: South Great George's St. | www.marketbar.ie
Gallagher's Boxty House: favourite address for fans of the Emerald Isle's traditional cuisine, and its comfortable traditional Irish atmosphere makes it a great place for you to discover the tastes of colcannon, coddle and boxty pancakes. The pancakes have a variety of rich and hearty fillings. 20 Temple Bar | Tel. 01 6 77 27 62 | Bus: Temple Bar | www.boxtyhouse.ie
If you want to be able to party and then fall straight into bed, the best place for you is the backpacker hostel Barnacles in the middle of the bustling Temple Bar district. The hostel is clean and safe and its rooms are light and quite spacious. Double rooms available from €30, in the communal rooms you pay as little as €10 a night. 1 Cecilia St. | Tel. 01 6 71 62 77 | www.barnacles.ie
Mercer Court is a student residence that rents out 100 en suite rooms to Dublin visitors during the student holidays between the end of June and September. They are cheaper than Trinity College and are often of a better standard. Centrally located near St Stephen's Green, single rooms from €60, double rooms from €90. Booking at www.visitdublin.com, see under 'campus accommodation'. Lower Mercer Street | Tel. 01 4 78 03 28 | Luas (Tram): St Stephen's Green
ABC Guesthouse: a friendly reception, a generous breakfast and three clean rooms (in varying sizes) await visitors to this reasonably priced bed and breakfast in the north of Dublin. It is right on the bus route between the airport and inner city. 57 Drumcondra Road Upper | Tel. 01 8 36 74 17 | Bus from airport: 16A, 41, 746 until the Skylon Hotel stop; from the inner city there are plenty of bus routes, e.g. 3, 16, 41 | www.abchousedublin.com
Isaac's Hostel: centrally located at the bus station, is in a converted wine warehouse. There are even a few rooms especially for smokers. Insider tip: you can book the airport bus at half price on the website. Lodging in a shared room from €18, double room from €74. 103 rooms | Store Street | Tel. 01 8 13 47 00 | Bus: Busáras, DART/Luas: Connolly Station | www.isaacs.ie
If you want to save money, then do your shopping north of the Liffey. Department stores like Dunne's on Henry Street sell clothing at reasonable prices while the neighbouring Moore Street Market is a good choice for groceries.
There is also the weekend market in the suburb of Blackrock on the coast south of the city. Not everything is cheap, but if you hunt around you will find some bargains: clothing, accessories, furniture and bric-a-brac. Main Street | Blackrock | Sat 11am–5.30pm, Sun 10am–5.30pm | DART: Blackrock
Marco Polo Pocket Guides around the world!
Marco Polo Guides have been all around the world… from the sublime to the ridiculous (we're not saying which are which!) Here's a selection of our top "I AM MARCO POLO" photos:
Photo credit: The Migrant Expats
Photo credit: Alison Floutier
Photo credit: Chiara Colella
Photo credit: Steph McCall
Photo credit: Carina Watson
Photo credit: Jane W.
Photo credit: Katie Bennett
Photo credit: Emma Whitlock
Photo credit: Vicky Merriman
Photo credit: Ian MacDonald
Photo credit: Tim Kelly
Photo credit: Hannah Shaw
"I'm gonna have to go into the map." Photo credit: Hannah Shaw recreating the London map scene by Joey in Friends.
Photo credit: Dannii Perrin
Photo credit: Bryan Bennion
Got a Marco Polo picture of your own?
To submit your photo: either email it to us hayley@marcopolouk.com or send it via our social media channels: Tweet us @marcopologuides upload it to our Facebook wall or send it via Instagram. Please use the hashtag #marcopologuides
(By submitting your photo you are giving us permission to use your image on our website and social media sites.)
So the only question left is… Where to next?
Photo credit: Unamorenaintransit.com
View marcopologuides's profile on Facebook
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10 reasons to go back
That … Feeling
ONLY IN TOKYO April 8, 2019
TOP 10 THINGS TO DO IN BALI March 5, 2019
That Stockholm Feeling June 22, 2018
Only in Japan May 25, 2018
What bloggers are saying about the new Marco Polo Pocket Guides May 18, 2018


After months of protesting Apple's capital-return policies, Greenlight Capital's David Einhorn is now placated with the Mac maker's recent change of heart.
In February, hedge fund celebrity David Einhorn went on a media blitz against one of his favorite companies: Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL). At the heart of the debate was Apple's capital allocation policy, which was in need of some shareholder-friendly realignment. Einhorn sued Apple to unbundle some proxy votes and won days before the annual meeting.
While Apple may not have implemented his "iPref" idea, which was needlessly complex in a number of ways, the Mac maker did just change everything with a $17 billion bond offering to fund a $100 billion capital return program. That capital return program will consist of good old-fashioned dividends and share repurchases.
For what it's worth, Einhorn is now a happy camper.
The fund manager has now added to Greenlight Capital's Apple position, in part because Apple finally addressed the criticisms over its cash position. His overall thesis for Apple remains unchanged: Apple has a "terrific operating platform" and its loyal and growing customer base will continued making "repeated purchases" of a "growing portfolio of Apple products."
Einhorn called the new capital return program "vastly more shareholder friendly" relative to just a few short months ago. With the capital allocation issue now resolved, Greenlight Capital is just waiting for the next major product launch.
Einhorn opted not to disclose precisely how much the fund added to its Apple stake. Fortunately, investors won't have to wait long to find out. Hedge funds file quarterly Form 13F disclosures on their holdings. The last one was filed in February for the fourth quarter, and the next filing for the first quarter is due out in a matter of days.
At the end of 2012, Einhorn was sitting on 1.3 million shares, which was already a 20% increase in his stake from the third quarter. Later this month, we'll find out exactly how much more he boosted his position.
On top of that, Einhorn loaded up on call options in the fourth quarter in addition to his share position, so it's clear Einhorn's more than a little bullish.


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Bulls Acquire PG C.J. Watson in Sign & Trade with Golden State Warriors
BULLS / By Rush / July 20, 2010 October 26, 2021
The Bulls have signed restricted free agent C.J. Watson to be the backup point guard for Derrick Rose. The deal is for three years and $10.2 million and will be completed as a sign-and-trade with the Golden State Warriors receiving a second-round draft pick.
Watson, 26, averaged 10.3 points in 65 games for the Warriors last season. He shot 31 percent from three-point range last season, but made 40 percent of his threes two years ago in his first full NBA season.
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text:
Dr. Nikola Tesla
Fire at Dr. Nikola Tesla's Laboratory
Samirsinh Dattopadhye July 17, 2014 Dr. Nikola Tesla, English 0
The story of Dr. Nikola Tesla is one of faith, hope and belief. It is a story of what one individual can achieve and how a single person utterly dedicated to his cause and with unwavering faith in God can move mountains and change the world with his efforts.
When we last saw Dr. Tesla at the World Columbian Exposition, the efficacy of the AC transmission system had been proved and even major detractors like Dr. Kelvin had come round to see the potential and benefits of this system over the existing DC transmission system.
In the mean time due to an increase in his popularity following the success of the World Columbian Exposition, Dr. Tesla started becoming famous in the social circles where one day he met Thomas Commerford Martin. Thomas Martin was an American electrical engineer and Editor of Electrical World magazine. Between the years 1883 to 1909 Thomas Martin served as editor of the Electrical World and was a celebrated author. Incidentally he wasalso son of Lord Kelvin. Martin and Dr. Tesla became good friends.Thomas Martin also compiled and edited 'The Inventions, Researches and Writings of Nikola Tesla', a book, detailing the work of Dr. Nikola Tesla up to 1893. The book is a record of Tesla's pioneering activities, research, and works. The book when published was considered 'Bible' of every electrical engineer. The book contains Forty-three chapters, most of them on different areas of research and inventions of Dr. Tesla. The first chapter is a brief biography while the next three chapters are transcripts of important lectures of Dr. Tesla. One of these covers his section of Westinghouse's exhibit at the Chicago World's Fair. The book would go on to be a landmark in the electrical sciences. Martin and Dr. Tesla both profited from sales of the book, but Dr. Tesla insisted that its copies be given out for free. Dr. Tesla was completely unconcerned with the financial aspect of the book.
In the era where patents are being filed to legally secure ones control and monopoly over businesses and earn maximum profits through publications of one's thoughts and to market oneself by getting ones autobiographies published, Dr. Nikola Tesla did the exact opposite. He was concerned neither about the fame nor the profits that came with the book, but was solely concerned with the advancing of science and its beneficial impact on mankind.
J P-Morgan
During the same period, using Dr. Nikola Tesla's patents,Westinghouse Company won the bid to build a functioning power plant on the Niagara Falls. This was a great opportunity for Dr. Tesla. At that time Dr. Tesla was using his Tesla Coil as a prototype to be used as a means of communication. Dr. Tesla dreamed to use electric impulses to transmit linguistic words from one corner of the planet to another without wires. By 1893, Dr. Tesla's theories on the possibility of the transmission of words by radio waves were proved through his lectures and demonstrations at Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, the Pennsylvania, St. Louis, Missouri, and the National Electric Light Association. Dr. Tesla's demonstrations and principles were written about widely through various media outlets. Dr. Tesla perfected the technique to transmit messages wirelessly across 50 miles by 1895. But as Dr. Tesla prepared to perfect this technology for the greater good of mankind, a tragedy struck.
Another man too had a dream;dream to control and monopolize all the available assets, electricity, railroads, steel works and communications;to only allow the person who could afford to pay him for the use of these assets to ply by them, to maximize his gain at the expense of the common man. This man who had this dream, held major stake in all of Thomas Edison's companies and was fuming at the loss that Dr. Tesla had caused him by winning the bid for the lighting of the World Columbian Exposition. Dr. Tesla winning the contract for the Niagara Falls power plant had further added insult to injury of this man. The man was now livid with rage. The man was, John Pierpont Morgan or J. P. Morgan.
J. P. Morgan was an American financier, banker, and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation. At the height of Morgan's career during the early 1900s, he and his partners had financial investments in many large corporations and had significant influence over the nation's high finance and Congress members.Morgan's total wealth was about $41.5 billion at that time. That is about $2.6 trillion as per today's standards. This was the clout J.P. Morgan had and hence everyone feared him; everyone but Dr. Nikola Tesla.
J. P. Morgan wanted Dr. Tesla to sell all his patents to him and his businesses so that he could maximize his gains further. He was willing to pay Dr. Tesla rich returns for the same. Dr. Tesla realized that consolidation of the patents in the hand of such monopolistic tycoon would mean that its benefits would never reach the common man and hence Dr. Nikola Tesla refused. Morgan was not a man to let go of an insult. With his refusal to sell patents Dr. Tesla had now snubbed Morgan thrice.
Tesla lab burned down
Dr. Tesla was habituated to working late in his lab. Once immersed in work he used to forget time and even skipped his food. One night he was similarly busy working in his lab when an impulse made him leave the lab for dinner. As he dined, there came a knock on the door. A messenger had arrived with the news that there had been an explosion in the building housing Dr. Tesla's laboratory and everything had been destroyed. Dr. Tesla ran through the street to where all his dreams, his visions, his work, his patents, his memories were housed but in vain. The fire brigade was dousing the flames and nothing remained. The greatest monument to the technological advancement of mankind had been wiped off within no time. The totality of his technological achievements was burned into vapor. All that remained was Dr. Nikola Tesla himself.
Was it Dr. Tesla's refusal to grant his patents to Morgan that resulted in the blaze? Was this the fallout of War of Currents that Edison had badly lost to Dr. Tesla? Was it any other adversary of Dr. Tesla who did it? Or was it just another accident? No conclusive evidence to the end exists and time will keep its secrets.
Dr. Tesla was totally distraught by this loss mentally as well as financially. The fire destroyed all his research papers, notes, patents which awaited filing, books, and journals and also all of his apparatus. It left Dr. Tesla penniless. But his faith in his God never suffered. Never once did he question the God for these painful events. Instead he thanked God because had he been working as he used to be, it would have been he who would have been burned and buried in his own lab. But with God's grace Dr. Nikola Tesla was alive. He still had himself, his mind, his hands and importantly his God with him. He needed time, time to think, to contemplate. Tesla needed to stay in seclusion.
llHari Om ll llShriramll llAmbadnyall
Published at Mumbai – Maharashtra, India
नववर्ष के उपलक्ष्य में श्रीअनिरुद्ध गुरुक्षेत्रम् ...
Posted in Dr. Nikola Tesla, English
Tagged Aniruddha Bapu, Dr. Aniruddha Joshi, Dr. Nikola Tesla, Electricity, tesla, tesla coil, Westinghouse, Westinghouse Electric Company, wireless electricity, World Columbian Exposition, निकोल टेसला
सीता नामाचा अर्थ (Meaning of the name – Sita) – Aniruddha Bapu Marathi Discourse 21 October 2004
श्रीसीतारामचन्द्रो देवता – २ ( Shree Sita Ramchandro Devata – २) – Aniruddha Bapu Marathi Discourse 21 October 2004
भयभंजक हनुमानजी (Bhaya-Bhanjak Hanumanji) – Aniruddha Bapu Hindi Discourse 18 Sep 2014
Samirsinh Dattopadhye November 19, 2014
The Stepping Stones of Dr. Nikola Tesla
Samirsinh Dattopadhye May 20, 2014
रक्तदात्यांचे मन:पूर्वक अभिनंदन (Blood Donation Camp)
Samirsinh Dattopadhye April 13, 2015


MAPIC FOOD AND BEVERAGE 2018 - CONFERENCES - FOOD HALLS: THE NEW FLAGSHIP RETAIL MODEL?
MAPIC FOOD AND BEVERAGE 2018 - CONFERENCES - TRAVEL RETAIL: HOW TO TURN TRANSIT ZONES INTO FOOD DESTINATIONS ?
MAPIC FOOD AND BEVERAGE 2018 - CONFERENCES - MEET FOOD SERVICE PLAYERS !
MAPIC FOOD AND BEVERAGE 2018 - CONFERENCES - FOODTECH: HOW FOOD PLAYERS @ SHOPPING MALLS USE DIGITAL SOLUTIONS TO ENHANCE THE CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE ?
MAPIC FOOD AND BEVERAGE 2018 - CONFERENCES - FOOD AS A KEY DRIVER: HOW TO USE FOOD TO INCREASE TRAFFIC & REVENUES IN SHOPPING DESTINATIONS ?


201. Molecular Weight Determination (EXP-201) | Modern Biology Inc. Creative Experiments used in teaching labs of College and High Schools across the USA.
ELECTROPHORESIS TIME IN MINUTES. Prestained protein standards of known molecular weights and two proteins of unknown molecular weights were subjected to electrophoresis for the indicated times. (Each of the 4 pictures were taken of the same gel in 5 minute increments.) The molecular weights of the unknown proteins can be determined by comparing their migration with the migration of the standard proteins.
Each of the individual experiments is supplied with the chemicals and laboratory guides needed for 16 students working in pairs. If you chose one or more of the experiments from this series, you should also order Electrophoresis Package 2M or Electrophoresis Package 2. Electrophoresis Package 2M provides sufficient agarose, gel stain, and electrophoresis buffers for 1 of the individual experiments in this series (four gels with 15ml of agarose per gel). Electrophoresis Package 2 provides sufficient agarose, gel stain, and electrophoresis buffers for up to 6 of the individual experiments in this series.


This is a list of my written publications by date, from the earliest (written when I was an undergraduate student in psychology) until the most recent. Many of the journal articles are available for download from the PDF Gallery. There are also links to pages on this site for the published books and textbook chapters.
"The possible role of psychokinesis in place memory" Reprinted in 2014 as part of the anthology, In Search Of Psi: Contemporary Perspectives on Extra-Sensory Perception, Psychokinesis, and Survival, Adam Rock and Lance Storm (eds.).
Průvodce Posmrtným Životem. A Czech version of Handbook to the Afterlife published in 2012 by Maitrea and co-written with Jon Klimo. You can buy a copy of the book here.
Mind-Matter Interaction: Historical Reports, Research & Theory. Published in February 2011 by McFarland. You can read more about the book here.
Handbook to the Afterlife Published April 2010 by North Atlantic Books and co-written with Jon Klimo. You can read more about the book here.
"The Afterlife as an Extension of Lifespan Development." Published in Spring 2010 (vol. 3, no. 1) issue of Winds of Change - a newsletter for Windbridge.
"What the channeled messages of suicides tell us about the afterlife" (pp 207-221) in Lance Storm and Michael Thalbourne's The Survival of Human Consciousness: Essays on the Possibility of Life After Death. Published in October 2006 and co-written with Jon Klimo. You can read more about the book here.
Suicide: What Really Happens in the Afterlife? Published in June 2006 by North Atlantic Books and co-written with Jon Klimo, the world's foremost expert on channeling. You can read more about the book here.
"A new theory on place memory" in the June 2005 (vol. 5, no. 1) issue of the Australian Journal of Parapsychology. This article may be read here.
"Experiential research." Published in 2005 as the last chapter in Parapsychology in the 21st Century. You can find more information about the anthology here.
"The possible role of psychokinesis in place memory" in the December 2004 (vol. 4, no. 2) issue of the Australian Journal of Parapsychology. This article may be read here.
The PK Zone: A Cross-Cultural Review of Psychokinesis. Published in 2003. This book covers stories of mind over matter from cultures around the world, the research, and what the experience of performing psychokinesis is like for those who do it. See the page The PK Zone for more information and links to pages with reviews and the book's Introduction.
"Into the PK zone: A phenomenological study." Published in the March 2000 (vol. 64, no. 1) issue of the Journal of Parapsychology. This article can be read courtesy of the Journal of Parapsychology as a PDF file here.
"What is psychokinesis?" Published in the November 2000 (vol. 46, no. 3) issue of Iridis. This talk was also presented at the California Society for Psychical Research.
"The PK zone: a phenomenological study."Published in the January 2000 (vol. 40, no. 6) issue of Iridis. This talk was also presented at the California Society for Psychical Research.
"Into the psychokinetic (PK) zone: a phenomenological study of the experience of performing PK." Presented during the Parapsychological Association Convention at Stanford University in August 1999 and published the same year in the Parapsychological Association 42nd Annual Convention Proceedings of Presented Papers.
Into the PK Zone: A Phenomenological Study on the Experience of Performing Psychokinesis. Published in 1999. This dissertation was an initial look at what the experience of performing psychokinesis was like for those that do it. It is available for order as UMI # 9940063 at Bell & Howell Information & Learning.
"Fin de siècle." Co-written with Robert Boice and Peter Hertli. Published in the December 1977 (vol. 32, no. 12) issue of American Psychologist. This short article (which starts part-way down the page) may be read here.
"Treatment of tension and migraine headaches with biofeedback techniques." Co-written with F. Fried and J. Lamberti. Published in the June 1977 (vol. 74, no. 6) issue of Missouri Medicine. This article may be read here.
"Instruction and grouped presentation in free recall." Co-written with David Brunts and John Mueller. Published in the June 1977 (vol. 90, no. 2) issue of American Journal of Psychology. This article may be read here.


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Општина Пријепоље се налази у Златиборском округу у југозападном делу Србије на простору средњег Полимља између 43°09'25 и 43°29'42 северне географске ширине и 19°27'00 и 19°53'45 источне географске дужине. Просечна надморска висина подручја је изнад 1200 -{m}-, што указује да се ради о брдско планинском крају, чија је највиша тачка врх планине Јадовник (Катунић) са 1734 -{m}-, а најнижа на ушћу Милешевке у Лим на 440 -{m}- надморске висине.

Према прелиминарним подацима са последњег пописа 2022. године у општини је живело 32.698 становника (према попису из 2011. било је 37.059 становника).

Географски положај
Пријепоље пресеца долина Лима правцем југоисток — северозапад, са којом се повезује већи број мањих река. На додиру река Лима и Милешевке, са њихове десне стране, на просторима речних тераса и алувијалних равни развило се старо Пријепоље. Пријепоље и његова околина су активно повезани са суседним местима Црне Горе и Србије. Јужно од Пријепоља, долином Лима пут иде према Бијелом Пољу, удаљеном око 55 -{km}- и даље Мојковцу, Колашину, Подгорици и Бару, а северно од Пријепоља према Бистрици удаљеној 10 -{km}-, где се пут рачва у два смера, један према Новој Вароши удаљеној од Пријепоља око 27 -{km}- и други према Прибоју удаљеном око 30 -{km}-, који даље преко планине Златибор иде према Ужицу, Пожеги, Косјерићу, Ваљеву, Београду и другим местима. Западно од Пријепоља пут води долином Сељашнице преко планинске висоравни Јабуке према Пљевљима удаљеним око 30 -{km}-, а источно од Пријепоља долином Милешевке и планине Јадовник према Сјеници, удаљеној око 30 -{km}- и даље према Новом Пазару, Приштини и Скопљу.

Пријепоље се сместило на додиру маритимних и континенталних ваздушних маса. Од мора је ваздушном линијом удаљено 140 -{km}-, а од Панонске низије 160 -{km}-. Међутим, између Јадранског мора и Панонске низије испречили су се високи планински венци чија висина местимично прелази и преко 2500 -{m}-. Они спречавају дубље продирање континенталних и маритимних утицаја на простору пријепољског краја. Стога се Пријепоље може убрајати у градове са умереном — континенталном климом која је знатно модификована рељефним утицајем. Средишња годишна температура је око 9,3 °C. Средње најниже температуре ваздуха су у јануару око -2,8 °C, док су средње највише у јулу са око 19,1 °C. Средња годишња количина атмосферских падавина у Пријепољу износи око 789,5mm/m² површине. Међутим, за вегетацију је много значајнији распоред киша по месецима, интензитету и густини падавина. Највећа количина падавина се излучи током лета и јесени а најмања током зиме и пролећа... Лим је највећа река Пријепољског краја те су сви мањи водени токови управљени према њему. Он има одлике композитне долине јер се у њој између Бијелопољске и Прибојске котлине, наизменично смењују клисуре са речним проширењима — котлинама. Са леве стране у Лим се уливају Гостунска, Слатинска, Комаранска река, Грачаница, Миоска, Ратајска, Сељашница и Љупча а с десне Гробничка, Страњанска, Дубочица, Крушевица, Рибњак, Зебуђа, Милешевка и Бистрица. Највећи број њих има бујични карактер ...

Демографија
По попису становништва из 2011. године општина Пријепоље има 37.059 становника. Према резултатима пописа, а у складу са законским прописима, право на заступљеност у пријепољском општинском Савету за међунационалне односе имају представници Срба, Бошњака и етничких Муслимана.

Види још
 Пријепоље
 Златиборски округ
 Манастир Милешева

Референце

Спољашње везе
 Званична презентација
 Општина сиромашна, а лежи на рудном богатству ("Политика", 14. новембар 2011)

Пријепоље
Златиборски управни округ


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#Gas Cutting & Welding Accessories
What are Gas cutting and welding accessories?
Gas welding equipment is also known as oxy-fuel or oxyacetylene equipment that uses both oxygen and fuel gas to cut the job or join it. It doesn't require electricity to weld the metal. It uses a high heat flame created by the mixture of oxygen and fuel gas to cut the material. There are various Gas cutting and Welding Accessories that are to be coupled with the welding machine to boost the process and deliver the efficient results. These accessories include gas mixers, gas reels, gas welders, gas regulators, etc. Let us study these gas cutting and welding accessories in detail.
Gas Cutting and Welding accessories and their uses:
Flashback arrestors - It is a gas safety device used in oxy-fuel welding and cutting to stop the flame. It can also reverse the flow of gas back up into the supply line to prevent the hazard that can be caused by accident. Flashback is an explosion that travels through the torch, hose, regulator and cylinder.
Hose safety clips - Its primary function is to keep oxygen hose and fuel gas hose safely apart. It stops the weld spatter that is getting in between the gas hose.
Cutting and welding hose - It is a pipe used for transporting welding gases to welding equipment. There are various types of hoses such as -
Grade R - It is designed for carrying acetylene or oxygen.
Grade T - It is used for carrying fuels like propane, natural gas, propylene.
Inert gas - It is used to transport shielding gas or water to a welding torch.
Twin line - It has one hose for oxygen and another hose for welding fuel gases.
Single line - It comes with just one hose suitable for the congested area.
Cutting nozzles - It is the form of a gas cutting torch that is available for various fuels like acetylene and LPG. The nozzle used for acetylene is known as ANM type, and the nozzle for LPG is known as PNM nozzle. Some of its primary functions include cutting oxygen exiting, flame-cutting, gas stream blocking, etc.
Electrode holder - It is also known as a stinger. It is a clamping device used for holding the holder in a secure position. The welding cable attaches the holder through the hollow insulated handle. It has two types - insulated and non-insulated.
Gas cutting torches - It is used in oxy-fuel cutting to heat the metal at its ambient temperature. This gas cutting torches use gases like acetylene, propane, propylene and natural gas. The welding torch is a heat source for manual brazing and braze welding and metal forming and welding.
Regulators - The welding regulator is to control the pressure of the gases used in oxy-fuel welding. E.g., the pressure of the acetylene gas under the cylinder is greater than the pressure of the gas in the torch.
Welding and heating blowpipe - The welding blowpipe is used for fine welding and brazing application. It is used for directing direct streams of gases into different working media. It produces and adjusts an oxy-acetylene flame for welding purposes. It comes with a desirable wall thickness to offer high strength while performing a heavy-duty work. There are two types of blowpipes - High pressure and Low pressure.
Welding cables - The welding cable is a form of portable cord used in various welding and power supply applications. It has a standard size ranging from 6 awg to 500 MCM. It is used for connecting the electrode holder and clamp to the arc welder, welding box, bus or transformer. It is mainly used in the electric arc welding process to power an electrode, metal rod to conduct a charge. This electrode charge is used for generating the electric arc as a heat source between the electrode and metal to be welded. It should be durable and flexible enough to move quickly.
Wire drive unit - The wire drive unit is used in combination with geared PMDC motors for MIG welding. It has a series of rollers that pushes the wire out to the welding torch. It is used to feed the electrode wire at a constant rate, to the welding arc. Its other function is to transfer the welding current from the power source to the electrode wire and deliver shield to the weld puddle.
Some of the other welding accessories include -
Welding kit - It comprises Welding gloves, aprons, welding cap, dust mask, extraction system, welding earplug and other safety equipment. It ensures safety against the high risk of accident during the welding process.
Welding curtain - It is used to absorb fumes, noise and temperature that the welding process creates. It is designed to withstand the threat related to the welding.
Welding tip cleaner - It is used for clean cutting and welding tip for oxi-acetylene torches. It comes with quick flip access that is designed as a stainless steel reamer.
Chipping hammers and wire brushes - Wire brush is used to remove dirt, rust or grime from the workpiece that is to be welded as the uncleaned surface can lead to porosity, crack and lack of penetration. The wire brushing ensures consistency in the welding arc. It is suggested to use the chipping hammer and wire brush made up of tempered steel for carbon steel and brass for aluminium.
Tungsten rods for TIG welding - It is a critical element in the welding process as it channels the current required to establish the arc. It is alloyed with different types of metals.
Electrode drying oven - It is mainly used to heat treat metallic parts by the welders or fabricators. It is used for various applications like ship bearing, cylinder heads, plates, carbon steel joints, etc.
Worktable, jigs and fixtures - The work welding table and fixture comes with regular clamps and vices of various types. The jigs are used to shape and bend the metal for assembly of a specific design. Welding fixture is used to the position of the workpiece while performing the welding process.
Trail shields and purging cups - It is combined with the industrial machine or manual gas tungsten arc welding torch. These devices optimize the distribution of shielding gas and maintain correct gas velocity ratios between the multiple gas paths.
Fire Extinguisher - As the welding and cutting process includes smoke, spark and fumes, there are chances of getting a fire accident. Thus, it is important to keep the fire extinguisher handy to deal with all types of fires that may occur.
Gas Cutting and Welding Accessories, when combined with welding equipment, helps in enhancing the performance and thus provides the effective results. Also, the PPE kit in these accessories works as a lifesaver for welders that are at high risk of hazards. These hazards includes metal fumes, UV radiation, burns, shocks, cuts that can occur during the welding process. Thus, stay safe, along with being perfect while performing welding task by using various Gas cutting and welding accessories.


text:
Knowing When to Move On
by Thales | Feb 3, 2015 | Decline, DJ, Music, Sociology | 1 comment
Decline is visible everywhere in the West, in every cobwebbed corner, lurking in every scene. For those of you who don't know, my other life is spent in Goth clubs, spinning a blend of Dark Trance, Industrial and EBM music for a crowd that is best described as somewhat alternative. These small microcosms in the music industry are really the last bastions of creative art left in the industry. Yesterday's post on the End of Beauty should serve as a warning, but in these smaller niche markets, some beauty still remains.
I have been a DJ and occasional producer under various names, most lately as Dystopic. You won't find me on major festival lists and I don't share the fame of some of the greats, like Imperative Reaction, Mind.in.a.Box, Combichrist or XP8. But my contribution exists, and whatever else, I enjoy the originality of the music and the creativity of this scene.
Dystopic. Philosopher by day, steampunk DJ by night.
It is, however, of the latter band whom I wish to speak. XP8 is one of my go-to groups when I'm DJing. For those who have some experience DJing, I am not what is known as a playlist DJ. I mix (and remix) live, I learned to beatmatch the old fashioned way on turntables and old Pioneer CDJ500s back in the late 90s. And so I never really know what I'm going to spin until I spin it. Often times, I let the mood of the crowd guide me. Other times, pure whimsy. On occasion, however, I am left without any clear idea what to do, and it is in those moments that XP8's music has saved me and my sets.
It's a sort of default setting, music I can always rely on to be good, powerful and accepted by the Industrial crowd. And so the end of the XP8 project is something that saddens me. The duo declared the end of the project, and the end of their music careers by naming their final song "XP8 Is Dead."
XP8 is Dead. No drama or actual death involved. They have decided to move on.
Bands and Artists fold all the time. What makes this different, you say? What does this have to do with the Decline of the West? A lot.
This interview explains an awful lot. Marco Visconti explains it thusly:
I guess the reasons can be already glimpses from the reply I gave above, but there's more to that… music genres have life cycles, and I simply realised the time for "industrial dance", that weird mix of dancefloor beats with a more gritty approach, was simply over. I said it elsewhere and I repeat it here, we had it good for fifteen years, that's a long period of time: I went from being in my early 20s to the gates of my 40s, that's a huge chuck of everybody's life right there. Nothing stays forever, surely not a super niche genre like ours. And it is always wiser to understand when it is time to move on, because no one wants to be the old guy in a room full of kids looking at you like a dinosaur: I remember vividly making fun of those old goths that simply didn't want to get the fuck out of MY clubs a decade ago, and the last thing I wanted to become was one of them.
I strongly suggest all the people of my generation to consider doing the same, because this scene was supposed to be young and vibrant, while nowadays anytime you walk into a goth/industrial club or festival, everywhere in the world, the average age is 35 and that's simply wrong.
There's a hint in here of what is going on. Music has always had a sort of cycle to it. Consider it a sort of generational affair, where young people, educated by the masters of old, introduce new ideas, then, in their turn, become the new masters to educate the next age.
Only today's masters, unlike Marco, are unwilling to give up their throne to the new crowd. As a DJ, I have seen night clubs become progressively older in demographics. An endless series of comeback tours ensue. It's like Toys r Us commercials used to tell us.
I don't want to grow up, I'm a Toys r Us kid.
XP8 took the high road, ending their careers at a penultimate moment with, perhaps, the best releases yet. Marco explains it:
We played a very successful gig here in London last August, at Slimelight, to a sold out venue. That was our swan song, and I have some very nice memories of it I will forever treasure.
And so as Marco moves on with his life, he'll remember ending his music career on a high note, to appreciating aficionados who truly enjoyed his craft. He won't be a dried-out has-been, a Metallica releasing Reload, and challenging Napster. He won't be Madonna, plastered in makeup, sounding like a chain-smoking gas station attendant humming off key in the shower. He definitely won't be this:
He and Marko Resurreccion, the other half of XP8, were masters of their craft, a Kings of a very small little niche kingdom most of my readers probably never even heard about. But more important than that, they knew when it was time to step down.
They knew when it was time to grow up.
Sometimes I feel that my DJ career, a much smaller affair than XP8, is similarly limited. I have a few more years left in me and then my time will come too. Music production is a game for the young. But the clubbers will go on, getting older, long after I exit. 35 year olds, 45 year olds…
Perhaps in a few decades, the night clubs will look like nursing homes, wrinkled fists pumping in the air like nobody cares, the scent of beer and liquor mixed with mothballs. We live in an era where no one grows up, nobody moves on. It's a perpetual adolescence, cradle-to-grave stunting of personal growth.
We live in an era where the King thinks he can not only stand on the shore and order the tide to stop, but that he can order Death himself away with but a wave of his hand.
I cannot tell you how much I admire XP8 for having the moral courage to do what others in my industry could not: move on and grow up. I will miss their music, nonetheless.
turntables	on March 12, 2015 at 11:21 pm
The CDJ500s that goes back a bit lol, nice article.