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Flight Centre on track
The travel company has met its cost target - or very nearly - and even pulled in some revenue.
By James Carlisle ·
13 Aug 2020 · 3 min read
Flight Centre Travel Group Limited - FLT
below 11.00
HOLD at $12.21
$15.26 at 16:40 (19 January 2021)
$12.21 at (13 August 2020)
In a pre-announcement of its full-year result, Flight Centre revealed that it has whittled itself down to a $53m net cash outflow in July. Management claimed that this was ahead of the $65m target set at the capital raising in April. We're not so sure, because the $53m was after $17m of revenue, so the cash costs in July were actually $70m.
Looking back, the target was described as both costs and an outflow (back then no-one was thinking much about revenue), so perhaps we'll give them the benefit of the doubt. In any case, things change, so if they had to keep costs slightly elevated to help secure some revenue, then we're very happy with that. The monthly outflow in June was further reduced to $43m after including the JobKeeper subsidy.
The revenue is certainly a positive sign, and was driven by the corporate business - particularly essential services. Leisure will take longer to recover given that most customers are still unable, or unwilling, to travel.
The company has also beaten its estimates of the one-off and transitional costs to achieve the savings, with the former coming to $110m in 2020 (with a further $35m-50m to come 2021), compared to guidance of $210m, and the latter at $130m, compared to guidance of $155m (presumably thanks to corporate revenue and JobKeeper).
Management said it expects to report an underlying loss of $475m-525m and a statutory loss of $825m-875m when it announces the result on 27 August.
We'll have more to say after that. In the meantime, though, with the stock up 17% since we upgraded last month and well past our $11 Speculative Buy price, we're reverting to HOLD.
Note: Our Model Growth, Model Income and Model Ethical portfolios own shares in Flight Centre, as do the Intelligent Investor Equity Growth Fund, Intelligent Investor Ethical Fund and the Intelligent Investor Equity Income Fund.
Disclosure: The author owns shares in Flight Centre.
James Carlisle
More articles from James Carlisle


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Herald Schools
East Rockaway students awarded for 9/11-themed essays in Andrew Stern Memorial Contest
Posted Thursday, February 8, 2018 11:06 am
East Rockaway School District students Ezequiel Espinal, left, William Lewald and Madeleine Prucha were awarded for their entries into the annual Andrew Stern Memorial Essay Contest. Above, the students with Stern's family members, Michael Stern and Lisa Burch.
Courtesy East Rockaway School District
By Mike Smollins
Three students in the East Rockaway School District were recognized at the Jan. 23 Board of Education meeting for their submissions into the Andrew Stern Memorial Essay Contest.
About 600 students in all grade levels participated in the contest, which is named in honor of Stern, an East Rockaway Junior-Senior High School alumnus who died in the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center on Sept. 11, 2001.
Sophomore Ezequiel Espinal won at the high school level, eighth-grader Madeleine Prucha earned top honors in the middle school category and Centre Avenue sixth-grader William Lewald was the elementary school winner.
"If you have any doubt that our kids are listening, don't doubt," said Lisa Burch, Stern's sister. "They're listening."
The contest has been a district-wide tradition for more than a decade. Each year, the essay contest has a different topic. This year's theme was based on how the country rallied together in the aftermath of 9/11, and how, in many ways, it is divided in 2018. The students were asked what could be done to bring the country back to being a place where everyone supported one another.
Burch said that many of the essays were striking. "If you could read what some of these students said about what's happening in the world today, what they see, [and] what they hear … they see what's going on," she said, "and they have some really, really interesting suggestions to get us back to that place."
The three winners were handed citations by the Board of Education and read their essays aloud to those gathered at the meeting. The essay question is presented to students every year on Sept. 11, and the entrees are collected in November. Stern's family members then read them over before making their decision each January.
Burch said that even though it has gotten to the point where many students were not yet born or were very young on Sept. 11, 2001, the essays are more insightful with each passing year.
"To me, the most striking [message] was the most simple," Burch said. "Just be nicer to each other. I cant' tell you how many kids wrote about being nicer to each other."
Fun and games, kindness bonds HAFTR students
Elmont Memorial High School, Covert Avenue schools closed
Bus companies sue schools for non-payment during pandemic

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Custom «Legal Drinking Age» Essay Paper
Custom «Legal Drinking Age» Essay Paper essay
Drinking has become one of the most debated issues among adults and some teenagers in the recent years in the United States as compared to the old days when the issue was mainly decided by adults. The matter has driven a majority of adults in believing that youngsters need to reach an age limit of twenty one to be considered as mature enough to join the drinking society of adults if they desire. However, some adults contradicts with the idea thinking that the age should be reduced to eighteen as teenagers tend to behave more mature at this age and it will reduce the abuse of alcohol among the youth. With the legal age being when teenagers reach an age that they are considered mature to start drinking in accordance with the law, most teenagers find themselves in tempting situations to drink before attaining the authorized age by law. This has inevitably led to the desire to lower the legal drinking age to reduce its abuse by the young generation.
Buy Legal Drinking Age essay paper online
According to Veronica Garcia, "Turning eighteen can symbolize the start of adult life, which is accompanied with a great deal of responsibility. Eighteen year olds are able to purchase cigarettes, register to vote, and even serve in the military" and also "Allowing eighteen year olds to drink is not a problem: abusive drinking is" (2002). She says once a person turns 18, they are considered as adults as they perform all duties adults can perform. Therefore they can be allowed to consume alcohol under controlled situations. In view of these responsibilities extended to them, and also considering what they give to the society, they are considered to be rightly adults to drink legally. She also says that when one is denied to do something; they find it even encouraging to do it. This makes it safer to allow the legal drinking age at eighteen. (Garcia).
With Raul Luevano opposed to this by claiming that "The reason why the drinking age limit should remain the same is because it prevents alcoholism" and "Alcoholism has contributed too many of the crimes and accidents in America" (2002). He claims that alcoholism has led to the involvement in felony among teenagers below 18 and if restricted to 21, it will help reduce it. It should be noted that no matter the age of a person, if drinking is not controlled it may lead to a person committing crimes and many other violations in the United States. Therefore, educating the young generation about controlled drinking and the effects of obnoxious consumption may help curb the problem further. (Luevano).
From the Cognac website, it is said that in the United States "Colleges and Universities often argue that the legal drinking age should be eighteen because outlawing alcohol consumption in colleges for those under 21 is making the problem worse. These colleges and universities say that allowing alcohol consumption legally might help cut down alcohol related deaths in colleges (2009)". They argue that the youth above 18 years but below 21 in colleges have a higher mortality rate due to alcoholism and allowing them to drink will help reduce this. Therefore, this supports the idea of reducing the legal age for consumption of alcohol to eighteen as it reduces death rates in not only schools but also in the society as a whole. (Administrator).
In the 'Department of Defense Regulation' of United States, the military personnel who are below twenty one but over eighteen consume alcohol under restricted surroundings. Hon. Karen Arnold-Burger said "We can't stop kids from drinking, so why don't we just lower the drinking age back to 18? Eighteen year-olds can vote, smoke, marry, drive, fly, pay taxes, take out loans, hold public office, serve on a jury and fight for their country, so what's the big deal? Let's stop spending all this tax money and law enforcement officer time fighting a loosing battle!" He said stopping kids from drinking is a bigger challenge to curb rather than letting them drink as they also performs the duty adults perform in normal lives claiming it will be economical. Further more, commanders in military installations can ignore drinking age limit for special situations by allowing people under 18 in the military to drink with supervision from commanders. This include non-routine forces occasion when a whole unit celebrates a military installation. (Verbeckmoes).
In general, no matter how people argue, drinking should not be limited to persons over 21 but be reduced to18. This will help reduce a lot of problems in the American society and the rest of the cultures as a whole.
Related Free Law Essays
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28 Days To Go! St Helens 2023 Season Player Previews: Matty Foster
Instant Reaction: St Helens 27-22 Leeds Rhinos
2017 Season5 Talking Points
5 Talking Points From Saints' 6-4 Win Over Leeds Rhinos
5 Talking Points
Saints Edge War Of Attrition
I had hoped to get through the whole of the 2017 season without reference to The Grind. It's so dripping with cliche by now that hearing or reading it has become nails down the blackboard stuff. In two live televised games so far three players have already talked about getting into or staying in said Grind so you hardly need me to barf on about it here. Besides, we all get a much bigger belly laugh from the term Energy Battle which to my mind hasn't yet lost all of it's comedic power. Yet the fact remains that both of these terms are difficult to avoid when trying to describe the manner of Saints' 6-4 victory over Leeds Rhinos.
It wasn't pretty, particularly in an error-strewn first half. It was a game which saw three times as many penalties as clean breaks and a paltry, union-esque two tries. Not that this meant that it lacked intrigue and tension, with both sides defending with the kind of heroism that actually led a limited Wigan side to the title in 2016. Saints just couldn't hold on to the ball consistently enough to give themselves a chance to post more points. Fifteen errors is a tally which will disappoint coach Keiron Cunningham and which looks particularly ugly in the context of Saints' persistence with a conservative style of play. Four of those errors were the responsibility of Adam Swift who endured a difficult night especially when charged with the responsibility of returning kicks from deep inside his own half. In all Saints managed just nine successful offloads which is only half as many as a Leeds team which, although noted for its ability to give the ball some air, was hardly playing in hot potato mode. Yet it's Round 1, and perhaps the only thing that really matters is the collection of two points against a side which is widely expected to return to the top four shake-up after what was a shambolic defence of its 2015 treble.
A Mixed Night For The New Boys
Saints made five off-season signings ahead of 2017, three of whom made their competitive debuts in this one. Centre Ryan Morgan carried the ball only seven times for 55 metres but showed enough strength and footwork to suggest that he will offer the attack the balance it has been sorely lacking in recent seasons. His attacking involvement was no doubt reduced when he was switched to the wing to cover Tommy Makinson's switch to full-back when Jonny Lomax left the field with a concussion. Morgan also chipped in with 10 tackles in defence even if he was caught out a little for Joel Moon's first half score for Leeds. Even then the try might have been prevented had the otherwise excellent Makinson not slipped when charging out to try to shut down the play. Morgan did not miss a tackle and managed to bust out of one on a promising first outing.
Morgan's compatriot Luke Douglas struggled early on, losing possession on two first half occasions, one of which could have led to a try had he managed to cling on to Jon Wilkin's defence splitting inside ball. Douglas was also responsible for the concession of three of the 10 penalties given against Saints by referee Phil Bentham and will quickly need to iron those flaws out of his game. Eight carries for 44 metres is pretty modest fare for a front row forward (compare it with Alex Walmsley's 154 metres on 17 carries or James Roby's 104 metres from 11 carries off the bench for example) but the former Gold Coast Titan did weigh in with 33 tackles, missing just one to provide a solid defensive presence.
Cunningham's decision to start Tommy Lee ahead of Roby at hooker surprised many and very probably dismayed a few. Yet the ex-Salford man turned in a more than passable performance long enough to allow Roby to conserve his energy and so have a significant impact on the game later on. If Lee was signed to keep Roby fresher then it was pretty much mission accomplished. Not only that but he showed in his second half stint that he can be on the field alongside Roby and so allow Saints to have two decent pivots with good distribution at dummy half. Lee carried the ball only four times (just two of which were from dummy half) but put in 27 tackles and even managed an offload. Fears that Saints will lose too much with Roby playing less minutes at this late stage of his career seem to have been allayed for now.
Matty Who?
Had it not been for the unfortunate broken leg he suffered in the pre-season win over Widnes Matty Smith would have been a fourth new signing to make his debut for Saints, albeit second time around for the former Wigan man. For all the opposition to his signing from our pie munching brethren you probably wouldn't have found too many Saints fans who were not a tad anxious about his absence from the side for this season opener. Full credit must go to Cunningham for handing a Super League debut to Danny Richardson in Smith's absence as the youngster turned in a highly assured performance alongside the seemingly possessed Theo Fages in the halves. Richardson's kicking game was far more effective than we had any right to expect from one so inexperienced, while in defence he was not the weak link that many had feared he might be given his stature in comparison to that of the men he was consistently charged with stopping. The Rhinos targeted both Richardson and Fages in defence but both stood up admirably. Richardson missed just two of his 25 attempts while Fages recorded a barely credible 42 tackles largely from the stand-off position, missing just once.
It is hugely questionable whether either of the young halves could have had the impact that they did without the quite stellar performance of Wilkin. The skipper is usually a target for the critics but shook off all coffee-relatec slurs to play a crucial role in this win. Wilkin took just enough responsibility to compensate for the inexperience of Fages and Richardson without seeming to make it all about him as he has been accused of in the past. He could hsve added to one try assist had the handling of his colleagues been better while in defence he was nothing short of immense. His 60 tackles represent a phenomenal effort, and not many of them were the kind of stat-padding, third-man-in rubbish that is favoured by so many in the modern game. He conceded just the one penalty, and that was an intelligent one as he hung on to the tackled Tom Briscoe to give his team-mates flood back into position. There are those who would declare the traditional, ball-playing loose forward to be extinct, preferring to see an extra prop-forward selected. But with Smith set to be out for at least another two months Wilkin's role will be crucial as Fages and Richardson develop.
Walker Absence Shows Squad Depth
Though there were four debutants in the Saints line-up it was nevertheless disappointing not to get a first look at Adam Walker. The prop forward was brought in from relegated Hull KR but could not command a place in Cunningham's 17 for the visit of Brian McDermott's side, even with fans' blue-eyed Bale Louie McCarthy-Scarsbrook still recovering from a hip operation. Walker had impressed during Scotland's Four Nations campaign and was thought to be exactly the kind of mobile, offloading front rower who could give Saints' boring brand of rugby the kick up the proverbial that it so desperately needs. Yet his competetive debut will have to wait until at least the visit to Leigh on February 24. Both he and McCarthy-Scarsbrook will come into Cunningham's thinking for the visit to Leigh Sports Village which will come on the back of a week off for Saints while the Centurions, outclassed by Castleford in their opener, will be battling it out with the Rhinos.
If Walker and/or McCarthy-Scarsbrook are to come in then perhaps Douglas and Luke Thompson look the most vulnerable. We have seen what Douglas contributed against Leeds aside from keeping up Saints' quota of Lukes, while Thompson experienced similar difficulties. His two errors were costly in terms of losing momentum, but his supporters would perhaps point to his 40 tackles and his 91 metres on 15 carries as evidence that he has done enough to keep his place. For Cunningham it must just be nice to have options now, not only in the pack but also in the halves as we have seen with the emergence of Richardson. Will it be same again at Leigh?
The Last Word For Tommy's Tackles
All of Saints' sterling work would have come to nought had it not been for a couple of timely interventions from Makinson. Early in the second half Kallum Watkins brushed off the attentions of Mark Percival before handing on to Liam Sutcliffe in support. The Leeds stand-off looked certain to score before Makinson, playing out of position in his first game for 11 months after breaking a leg at Widnes, sprung from nowhere to execute the perfect ball and all try-saver. In a game of few breaks it felt significant even with the best part of 40 minutes still to play.
Much later and for an encore, Makinson forced Ryan Hall into touch as the England winger attempted to get on the outside of the Saints defence with less than a minute remaining. Hall looks as though he has had a good Christmas, let's say, but it is still no mean feat for a player of Makinson's size to force Hall over the sideline to preserve the win. Makinson only made three tackles all night, but often it is making them when you have to which can be the difference between success and failure, victory and defeat. Should Lomax fail to recover from his concussion in time to play at Leigh the majority of fans will surely be more worried about who will replace Makinson on the wing (Jack Owens……?) than they will about Makinson filling in at fullback.
Redvee Man Of The Match v Leeds
Zeb Taia in swap deal for Joe Greenwood
5 Talking Points From Saints 10 Castleford Tigers 53
5 Talking Points From Catalans Dragons 12 Saints 21


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Have you ever wondered about the legend of St Valentine's Day? February has long been celebrated as a month of romance, and in particular, the 14th - St Valentine's Day, but who was Saint Valentine, and how did he become associated with this special day? Celebrant Shell Brown tells us the story...
How to involve blended families into your ceremony
Ceremonies have been used for thousands of years to help us manage change and build stronger bonds with our families and friends. In the modern blended family a ceremony can reinforce how much each member is valued, and the importance of their role in the family.
Celebrants do more than just weddings...
It's true that a lot of civil celebrants only conduct marriage ceremonies or funerals but there are also many Celebrants who identify as Family Celebrants who offer their services for a multitude of celebrations that will continue on throughout your lifetime....
ASK A CELEBRANT Tips for Valentine surprises
ASK A CELEBRANT BLOG: Valentine Day Ideas
Looking for ideas for love poetry?
Lyrics of love songs can be a great way to find an appropriate verse to recite or send a link or play at a romantic spot on the beach or pop in a card.
Google "love songs" or love songs for him or love songs for him or love songs 2015 for the latest etc.
Of course, the net is a great place to find all sorts of love poetry or verse.
Or do you want to "pop" the question - "will you marry me"?
Here is a unique gentle way for you to show your interest in getting an answer from your loved one.
Download the Notice of Intended Marriage form from our Everyone Section.
Fill in your half, fold and place in your Valentines Day with this little question . . .
Would you like to fill in the other half of this Form with me?
The form lasts for eighteen months once lodged with a Marriage Celebrant.
Please use our Celebrant directory website to find a local celebrant to suit you when plans advance that far.
Whilst this tip cannot go this far for couples wanting marriage equality, it is one way to show your intent should the legislation change
By the way, we'd love to know if you use our tips. Look forward to seeing your comments here!
Note: From 1st April The Celebrants Network will be running its 2016 ASKACELEBRANT GOLD ROSE DRAW.
Booking one of our Gold Rose Celebrant after 1st April will put you in the draw for a cash prize of $500, $300 or $200.
It's our fun way of promoting our TCN Celebrant members!


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Bajpayee Blames Gandhi For Directionless Policy On Punjab
Home/World Sikh News Articles/1988/APRIL-15-1988/Bajpayee Blames Gandhi For Directionless Policy On Punjab
NEW DELHI, India: Atal Bihari Bajpayee squarely blamed the Prime Minister for his directionless policy on Punjab and charged that he was purely acting for political considerations. Mr. Bajpayee also regretted even the Home Minister, Mr. Buta Singh, had embroiled himself in controversy on the Punjab issue, there by losing his credibility. The BJP leader said Mr. Rajiv Gandhi has vacillated over the Punjab policy and the entire border state was aflame. His whole concern was to draw political mileage out of the agony of the Punjabis, Hindus as well as Sikhs. Bajpayee released the draft resolution of the prelim nary session. Which demanded the creation of the security belt all along the Pakistan border and supply of small arms to the people for self-defense, liberal facilities for training in the use of those arms? Mr. Bajpayee also demanded that the government should immediately take this issue of Pakistan's intervention to the United Nat ions, Nonaligned Nations, SA ARC, and other world bodies. The BJP leader charged Mr. Gandhi that he had failed to create international opinion against Pakistan's involvement in Punjab. He said that the government had rushed thought the 59th Amendment to the Constitution recently to impose presscensorhip in Punjab and defer elections. The Prime Minister was not serious about Punjab killings and the news of the killings was suppressed in order to create semblance of improved law and order. Bajpayee expressed the fear that the Prime Minister might do any misadventure and put the nation in jeopardy. He asked the government to come out with a white paper on Punjab especially listing the involvement of Pakistan in the border areas.
Article extracted from this publication >> April 15, 1988
By WSN|2021-12-19T20:58:57+00:00December 19th, 2021|1988, World Sikh News Articles, APRIL-15-1988|Comments Off on Bajpayee Blames Gandhi For Directionless Policy On Punjab


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Islington Gazette > News > Crime
Man arrested following fatal stabbing of Tony Eastlake
Holly Chant
Published: 5:11 PM June 1, 2021
Updated: 11:45 AM June 2, 2021
A man has been arrested following the fatal stabbing of Tony Eastlake. - Credit: Met Police
A man has been arrested following the fatal stabbing of Islington flower trader Tony Eastlake.
A 21 year-old man was arrested on suspicion of the murder of Tony Eastlake on June 1, after a fatal stabbing on May 29 on Essex Road.
Police say they do not think the attack was the result of a robbery and believe, at this early stage, the suspect was known to the victim.
Police arrived at the scene at about 5.30pm to reports of an injured man.
Officers attended along with the London Ambulance Service and provided first aid to a man with a stab injury but, despite their efforts, he was pronounced dead at the scene.
Det Ch Insp Vicky Tunstall said: "Our dedicated team of officers have worked tirelessly since Saturday evening to identify the person suspected of the murder of Tony Eastlake. I hope this brings some reassurance to the community after what was an incredibly traumatic and unsettling incident that has cost the life of a well loved and respected man.
"I can confirm that this attack is not believed to have occurred as a result of a robbery. We continue to appeal to anyone who might have seen anything to please come forward to police. If you live within this area or were driving through, please check your CCTV and dashcam footage for anything which might help the investigation. No piece of information is insignificant."
Anyone with information is asked to call police on 101 quoting reference CAD 5562/29May or go online. To remain anonymous, contact Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.
Islington News


HUD Secretary Ben Carson goes after FFRF on his Facebook page after we filed a lawsuit in response to his dodging of FOIA records requests relating to a White House bible study. FFRF attorney Colin McNamara tells us about another FOIA lawsuit we just filed over a Kentucky jailer who is refusing to provide documents in our investigation of prayer services at a county jail. Then we talk with Camille Beredjick, author of the new book, Queer Disbelief: Why LGBTQ Equality is an Atheist Issue.


When it comes to navigation apps, Waze reigns as the best available. Waze was purchased by Google a few years ago and has developed into what's likely the most widely used navigation app available. I personally use it a lot in a car but what about a motorcycle? Is a standalone GPS better? Let's compare a Garmin Zumo versus Waze on a smartphone.
If you aren't familiar with Waze, a screenshot accompanies this article. Waze is a smartphone app available free of charge. It's not a typical GPS app. Real time traffic flows and user generated alerts are embedded in the maps and the suggested navigation route takes that information into account. If you haven't tried it, download it now and check it out then come back to read the rest of this article.
So the question is if Waze is the best out there. For that we do a head to head analysis with the leading motorcycle GPS. It's a Garmin Zumo versus Waze on a smartphone. The smartphone app is the same on iOS or Android so you can apply our Garmin Zumo versus Waze analysis to either platform.
Most Garmin Zumo models sold over the past few years have the letters "LM" after the model number. That is an acronym for Lifetime Maps. Garmin updates their maps a few times annually and if you have a Zumo with a lifetime map subscription the updates are free but must be manually applied.
Waze updates their maps regularly and solicits corrections from the user base. The update happens on the fly and since the maps are loaded through the internet, there's nothing the user must do to upgrade the maps.
On map accuracy, both are accurate. Comparing a Garmin Zumo to Waze, there doesn't seem to be a difference in map accuracy.
A Garmin Zumo is weatherproof. As an example, the Garmin Zumo 395LM is rated as IPX7 which means it withstands incidental exposure to water of up to 1 meter for up to 30 minutes. Good for light to moderate rain. While we don't advise riding in the rain, this means that you don't need to worry about your Garmin Zumo getting wet.
Compared to a smartphone, there are some advantages to a dedicated GPS. The display is typically anti-glare and glove friendly. Glare on a device mounted on a motorcycle's handlebars can be brutal. Older Garmin Zumo models were susceptible to road glare. Not so much on the models sold over the past few years.
Waze isn't a hardware company. It's runs on a smartphone. A Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge and Apple iPhone 7 are waterproof but most aren't. Additionally, there aren't any that we know of that are glove friendly and most aren't anti-glare.
Of course, a smartphone has overall greater ability versus a Garmin Zumo but we're simply comparing these two devices in their motorcycle GPS abilities which is why the Garmin Zumo comes out ahead in the hardware category.
Both solutions benefit from a variety of mounts. You get what you pay for here. We like to steer people towards metal mounts that are well made.
A Garmin Zumo comes with a metal mount made for motorcycle use. It's a well made holder that bolts onto a handlebar or clutch assembly. You can adjust the Garmin Zumo into a variety of positions to accommodate the rider.
For Waze on a smartphone, you will need to buy a good holder. Avoid cheap plastic holders. Go with a reputable maker and purchase a mount that's made for a motorcycle.
The Garmin Zumo is ready to install on a motorcycle right out of the box. Not so with a smartphone. You have to buy an additional accessory.
Some Garmin Zumo models come bundled with live traffic. The Garmin Zumo 595LM includes live weather radar and traffic information from the Smartphone Link app. However its sibling, the Garmin Zumo 395LM doesn't have any of that. I find this traffic feature works well in larger metropolitan areas. Not so much in rural areas.
Waze has full-time live traffic reports which are supported by traffic networks, real-time measurements and social interactions from the user base. It's reliable from practically anywhere. I remember getting accurate traffic alerts in a rural section of Pennsylvania recently.
Believe it or not, Waze also provides alerts for things that you would not expect. This is all thanks to the user base. Examples include police action, a car in the shoulder and even roadkill.
Waze traffic and alerts are simply more complete.
Waze runs on your phone, so Bluetooth is already present. You might think that Waze would win this hands down but it doesn't.
When navigating with Waze and a call comes in, the app disappears to the background and the telephone application takes over. Your map is off the screen. You can get the map back by closing the phone app and opening Waze again but that's not safe while driving. Additionally, while speaking to your party that just called, Waze will interrupt and override the speaking party.
A Garmin Zumo has Bluetooth integrated with the device but you need to ensure you get a Bluetooth headset that works well with a Garmin Zumo. Additionally, not all Garmin Zumo models work the same when it comes to Bluetooth. We wrote an article on Bluetooth which outlines the capabilities and it's worth reading if this is important to you.
Bottom line is neither are perfect.
Waze doesn't have any motorcycle specific features.
What are motorcycle specific features? Think about features such as the ability to select the type of route you want like more turns or hills or the ability to bypass highways. Think about things like alerts for sharp curves and information about state helmet laws. Also hardware features such as an integrated tire pressure monitor or glove sensitivity.
You had to bring up cost? Waze is free. It's supported by in-app ads. Can't tell you if it's profitable or not but it's backed by Google. They aren't going out of business.
A Garmin Zumo isn't free. Your cost depends upon the model chosen and no matter which model chosen, it's going to cost more than free.
This one isn't even close. How do you compete with free?
So there you have it. A Garmin Zumo and Waze have advantages and disadvantages. The above reflects the opinions of the author, you might have different opinions. Counting up the category winners, it's a tie.
Your decision should be based upon your personal criteria. If hardware durability is the most important thing, the Garmin Zumo is clearly the right choice. If cost is the number one priority, well you can't beat free and Waze is the answer. There is still a need for dedicated GPS devices like a Garmin Zumo but there's a huge market for anything free, especially a great application like Waze.


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'Yoga Hosers' Finds Kevin Smith Barely Even Making a Movie
It does look like they had fun making this movie. Invincible Pictures
Were we wrong to root for Kevin Smith?
When he burst onto the scene in 1994, it was the most improbable of rags-to-riches movie narratives: bankrolling Clerks by selling his comic-book collection and running up thousands of dollars in credit card debt. Almost overnight, he joined the likes of Rodriguez and Tarantino as indie film royalty. Unlike them, however, Smith seemed like a regular dude with mainstream tastes — an everyman in a hockey sweater — and audiences were eager to see what he'd come up with next.
It seems appropriate this year to frame everything in the context of the election, which is why I'm going to compare Kevin Smith to Donald Trump. No, Smith's not a sentient collection of racist gas spores, but as with Trump and the Republican nomination, Smith after Sundance seemed wholly unprepared once his initial efforts to succeed actually worked — and he appeared unwilling to accept the subsequent responsibilities. In any event, Smith's post-Clerks career comes across, at best, like a great deal of unrealized potential.
Which brings us to Yoga Hosers, the second in Smith's promised (threatened?) "True North" trilogy of movies set in Canada for no apparent reason other than that he appears to find the accents hilarious. (The first was the walrus-themed horror film Tusk.) Lily-Rose Depp and Smith's daughter Harley Quinn play the hosers, both named Colleen. The pair works at the "Eh-2-Zed" convenience store when not holding band practice or peering obsessively into their smartphones. What might sound like fairly typical teen-movie fare eventually morphs into something more sinister involving Canadian Nazis, mutant sodomizing bratwursts, and the return of Tusk's Québécois manhunter, Guy Lapointe (Johnny Depp).
Depp, nearly unrecognizable under bushy eyebrows and a beret (of course), and almost unintelligible thanks to a Monty Python–esque French accent, serves to move along what there is of the plot. The film meanders for nearly half its scant running time before getting to something resembling conflict. Along the way, there's an entirely unnecessary subplot involving high school Satanists and interludes with Justin Long playing a yoga guru named "Yogi Bayer" (yes) and Tony Hale as the father of one of the Colleens. And then there are the Canadian jokes.
Then again, "jokes" implies something entertainingly humorous, whereas that lone selfie those hikers shot with Justin Trudeau was a better Canadian chuckle than Yoga Hosers' death by a thousand aboots. Smith's obsession with the Great White North is almost as puzzling as his inability to wrest anything remotely funny from the surroundings. The convenience store boasts the "world's largest collection of artisanal maple syrups," because it's Canada, and everybody's weapon of choice is a hockey stick. Because it's Canada. There are even two minutes over the end credits of Smith and co-host Scott Mosier's Smodcast, the two men cracking each other up over their Canuck impressions.
This is probably the most honest part of the film, because at its core, Yoga Hosers isn't a movie: It's a podcast riff given material form; a bong rip visualized; an SCTV sketch devoid of laughs. It struggles to fill an hour and a half, with most of the cast serving little purpose beyond padding things out a few more minutes. The Colleens sing two songs (Anthrax's "I'm the Man" and Styx's "Babe"), and the villain, Arcane (Ralph Garman), explains his evil scheme while impersonating — among others — Arnold Schwarzenegger and Al Pacino, the better to squeeze the last remaining guffaws from "Hoo-ah!" (reminder: Scent of a Woman was released 24 years ago).
Perhaps more significant is how Yoga Hosers shows Smith's continued devolution as a filmmaker. Flawed as movies like Dogma and Clerks II were, there was always a scene or two upon which to pin future hopes. Here, only the reliably up-for-anything Long and a surprisingly game performance by Sasheer Zamata (as the girls' school principal) are worth noting. Everything else is either rehashed material from Smith's previous works (clerk Colleen M. is "not even supposed to be here today," while Arcane's riffs are reminiscent of Tracy Morgan's quote-a-thon in Cop Out), poorly developed concepts (the Colleens' dialogue is almost a parody of how teens actually talk), or evidence of an apparently honest desire to kill his critics.
Smith has repeatedly reminded the world that his movies "aren't for critics," and he has embarked on distribution schemes to support this assertion. And yet, in Yoga Hosers, he resurrects his need to get even with his detractors, a need he's expressed since Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back. Many characters, including Arcane, express their hatred of "haters." Arcane's evil creation is even specifically designed to seek out and murder critics, who it turns out were responsible for his ultimate turn to evil. It's very Shyamalan-esque (or, at least, Lady in the Water–esque), which is interesting considering the two directors once feuded. Nothing like a shared interest to bring people together.
Yoga Hosers is lazy, unfunny, and self-indulgent. It should have been binned the second the (literal) smoke cleared, and while it's been clear for some time that Smith is either incapable of making a good movie or simply doesn't care to, Yoga Hosers may very well be the film that finally convinces audiences the emperor has no hockey jersey.
Yoga Hosers
Written and directed by Kevin Smith
Invincible Pictures
Opens September 2
More:Film and TVFilm Reviews


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Light on New York City
In this photography project that began in 2013, New York City is presented in a series of haunting and cinematic images as seen in the nighttime façades and storefronts of buildings that boast neon marquees and signage, eerily preserved in all of their nostalgic and kitschy glory, to undeniably sleek and contemporary exteriors with more daring architectural design. This aesthetic, along with the predominant absence of people, results in a melancholic atmosphere reminiscent of Edward Hopper paintings and evocative of staged theatrical sets-a merging of a contemporary urban reality and a magical, sentimental artificiality. The photographs featured in Light On New York City convey a luminescence that celebrates modernity while longing for the past in an ironically ageless paradox.
Born in France in 1980, FRANCK BOHBOT is a Brooklyn-based contemporary photographer known for his vivid and surreal color photography. With a cinematic and painterly approach to his work, he creates meticulously-crafted pictures that capture an enigmatic atmosphere, showing the mystery and dream-like quality of everyday places and everyday life. His unique style has won him several awards and international acclaim in his young career. Recent notable work includes an innovative swimwear collaboration with designer Paul Smith and a stunningly dramatic series of photographs of the Louvre Museum in Paris.
• The archetypal New York City urban landscape is glimpsed "after hours" in a series of timeless, hyper-real photographs.
• For fans of contemporary city photography, New York City history, and admirers of magic realism and surrealism in art and photography.
Size: 9-5/6 x 12-3/5 in.
176 pp., Hardcover with jacket
Buy book: https://www.teneues.com/de/shop-us/Light-on-New-York-City1.html
Top photo credit: The Corner Deli / La Esquina, Nolita, Manhattan, 2014, Photo © 2016 Franck Bohbot/INSTITUTE


Choose to be a salt.
Salt has always symbolized Christians due to the Bible verse. Due to it's nature, it is believed to be one of the versatile and substance here on Earth. But why?
They are everywhere, In the oceans, in the caves of the Earth, in every human body. Whether it be in liquid, solid, wet, colored, plain, different size and shape; salt is mostly everywhere.
Chemically all salt is the same, but its taste and nature are different.
It's been used as currency during Roman times (Jesus' time) hence its usage in the Bible.
It purifies, removes bacteria; hence preserving food and keeps it in storage.
Funny thing is; to fully make salt, one must dig deeper, or be dried out in heat… only then salt can be made. You need to keep a healthy amount of salt in your body in order to regulate and maintain fluid balance.
As Christians, we are vital to flavor somebody else's life. Sure, sometimes we have to dig deeper and go through fire in our purpose. Often times you'll feel as though you've been only used and then excreted from the body!
God's intention for us to "flavor" someone's life is important. Choose to be a salt.


A Http2FlowController for controlling the flow of outbound DATA frames to the remote endpoint.
Implementations of this interface are used to progressively write chunks of the underlying payload to the stream.
Listener to the number of flow-controlled bytes written per stream.
Queues a payload for transmission to the remote endpoint.
Get the ChannelHandlerContext for which to apply flow control on.
Notification that the writability of channelHandlerContext() has changed.
Determine if stream has any Http2RemoteFlowController.FlowControlled frames currently queued.
Determine if the stream has bytes remaining for use in the flow control window.
Set the active listener on the flow-controller.
Explicitly update the dependency tree.
Write all data pending in the flow controller up to the flow-control limits.
This is intended for us by Http2RemoteFlowController.FlowControlled implementations only. Use with caution.
The ChannelHandlerContext for which to apply flow control on.
Queues a payload for transmission to the remote endpoint. There is no guarantee as to when the data will be written or how it will be assigned to frames. before sending.
Writes do not actually occur until writePendingBytes() is called.
stream - the subject stream. Must not be the connection stream object.
payload - payload to write subject to flow-control accounting and ordering rules.
stream - the stream to check if it has flow controlled frames.
true if stream has any Http2RemoteFlowController.FlowControlled frames currently queued.
Http2Exception - throws if a protocol-related error occurred.
listener - to notify when the a write occurs, can be null.
Note that this method respects channel writability. The channel must be writable for this method to return true.
stream - The stream to test.
true if the stream has bytes remaining for use in the flow control window and the channel is writable, false otherwise.
Http2Exception - If any writes occur as a result of this call and encounter errors.
Explicitly update the dependency tree. This method is called independently of stream state changes.
childStreamId - The stream identifier associated with the child stream.
parentStreamId - The stream identifier associated with the parent stream. May be 0, to make childStreamId and immediate child of the connection.
weight - The weight which is used relative to other child streams for parentStreamId. This value must be between 1 and 256 (inclusive).
exclusive - If childStreamId should be the exclusive dependency of parentStreamId.


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Tagged: anti-hero	Toggle Comment Threads | Keyboard Shortcuts
gilwilson 10:51 AM on May 5, 2018	Permalink | Reply
Tags: anti-hero, star wars ( 9 ), video games ( 6 )
"Battlefront II: Inferno Squad" (Star Wars) By Christie Golden
Battlefront II: Inferno Squad (Star Wars)
By: Christie Golden
Narrated by: Janina Gavankar
Finally we get a story from the Empire's point of view. Not a Darth Vader or Darth Maul story but rather a story from the grunts' point of view. An elite squad of stormtroopers, one is a survivor of the Death Star incident, is brought together to infiltrate the Rebel Scum. Inferno Squad are sent out on several missions, but one hits closer to home than expected.
The female lead read by narrator Janina Gavankar is the perfect mix.
The Rebellion may have heroes like Jyn Erso and Luke Skywalker. But the Empire has Inferno Squad.
After the humiliating theft of the Death Star plans and the resulting destruction of the battle station, the Empire is on the defensive. In response to this stunning defeat, the Imperial Navy has authorized the formation of an elite team of soldiers, known as Inferno Squad. Their mission: infiltrate and eliminate the remnants of Saw Gerrera's Partisans. Following the death of their leader, the Partisans have carried on his extremist legacy, determined to thwart the Empire – no matter what the cost. Now, Inferno Squad must prove their status as the best of the best and take down the Partisans from within. But as the danger intensifies and the threat of discovery grows, how far will Inferno Squad go to ensure the safety of the Empire?
©2017 Christie Golden (P)2017 Random House Audio
gilwilson 7:12 AM on July 4, 2010	Permalink | Reply
Tags: alan grant, anti-hero, audio book ( 257 ), audiobook ( 265 ), book review ( 257 ), comic books ( 47 ), dc ( 12 ), dc comics ( 20 ), graphic audio ( 36 ), graphicaudio ( 37 ), last sons, lobo, martian manhunter, superheroes ( 13 )
"Last Sons" by Alan Grant
"Last Sons"
by Alan Grant
Multicast Performance
produced by GraphicAudio
Approx 2 hours
With the help of superb audio book production I have recently become a DC comics fan. I used to only be a Marvel fan, but hey even Stan Lee did some stuff for DC a few years ago, so I can bend a little. The thing that really got me was the "Movie in your Mind" created by these audio books from GraphicAudio. They take excellent voice talent mix in out-of-this-world sound effects and original incidental music and blend it all in to become a cinematic audio production of some great novelizations. They cover other genres of literature, but my favorite by far is their productions of DC comics novels.
This book has sold me even more on DC comics in that I have found my new favorite DC Character. Most of DC comics superheroes are square-jawed, do gooders in tights but this time we are introduced to the bounty hunter, Lobo. Lobo is meant to be DC's answer to Marvel's Wolverine. I think DC also took a bit of Lobo's personality from Marvel's "Merc with a mouth," Deadpool. Deadpool is my all time favorite hero or rather anti-hero, because he is quick to crack wise and has a psycopathic disposition that sometimes leads him to have witty conversations with himself. One thing Deadpool does that I have yet to hear Lobo do is break the fourth wall, you know, turn and talk to the audience. But maybe in the future when Lobo gets his own comic that can happen. There has been a short run of Lobo comics, but I have yet to read them.
In a recent audio book produced by GraphicAudio, "52," there was a slight mention of Lobo but not enough to really note. This time Lobo is the main character. Lobo is a psychopathic bounty hunter that only thinks about 3 things; himself, booze and broads, in that order. I guess you could throw in mayhem and finding the next criminal to bring in. Lobo is an expert biochemist and has the uncanny ability to know exactly what to do next, mix this in with his super healing factor and the ability to track any molecule via sense of smell and his super strength, this makes for one bounty hunter you hope you never have after you. He used his biochemical expertise to wipe out his entire race/planet and become the last known survivor of his planet before moving on to become a bounty hunter.
This book opens with Lobo bringing in a gang of thugs but as he's rounding them up they manage to blow up his space bike, oh yeah Lobo is also a biker, and to fix the bike, which is no ordinary bike, he uses the brain of one of the thugs to replace the destroyed brain of the bike. Yeah, it's a pretty cool bike. As he returns he finds that he has been requested to bring in J'onn J'onnzz (The Martian Manhunter) with a 1 million cred reward. This would provide some serious booze and broads for "The Main Man," as he refers to himself.
If you don't know, J'onnzz is the last remaining of his species from Mars. He prides himself on being on the side of justice and could never break any law. After a brief battle between J'onnzz and Lobo, Superman (the last son of Krypton) intervenes and after Lobo presents the warrant, he and J'onnz decide the warrant is legit and J'onnzz decides to allow to be taken in and find what the mixup is about. Superman is wary but allows his friend to be taken in. In being wary Superman heads to the office where bounty hunters are dispersed and finds that no crime is listed. He then follows the 2 to where J'onnz is to be delivered.
The delivery point is a planet where the race of beings are excellent at carving rocks. An artificial intelligence, calling itself Alpha, has latched on to these beings, making them its slave and forcing them to create a body so the electrical based artificial intelligence can inhabit. From there the Alpha begins making the planet into a giant supercomputer/space ship (similar to the Death Star in Star Wars). Alpha also has the beings carve out spacecraft which it plans on using to destroy all live in the universe.
Lobo is heading to the Alpha's planet not knowing what the Alpha is planning, but just wanting to collect the bounty. When he arrives he sees J'onnzz placed into a prison cell and the Alpha declares that he is keeping J'onnzz because he is the last of his race. Knowing he is also the last Lobo prepares to battle his way out, but is not able to act fast enough before being subdued and imprisoned himself.
This leaves Krypton's last son, Superman to try and save them, but the Alpha is prepared and has Kryptonite on hand to subdue Supes. J'onnzz, Superman and Lobo have to put aside their differences and team up if there is to be any hope for the survival of the universe. Once again through some great battles and with even greater witty rapport on the part of Lobo this story creates a fun adventure in the world of DC comics.


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Texas Prisoner Who Did Not Kill Anyone Challenges Execution, Use of False Psychiatrist Testimony to Condemn Him to Die
Lawyers for Jeffery Wood (pictured), a Texas death row prisoner who is scheduled to be executed August 24 despite undisputed evidence that he has never killed anyone, have filed a new petition in state court challenging his death sentence on multiple grounds. They argue that Wood cannot be subject to the death penalty because he neither killed nor intended for anyone to be killed and was not even aware the robbery in which a codefendant killed a store clerk was going to occur. They also challenge his death sentence on the gounds that it was obtained based upon false and scientifically baseless testimony from a discredited psychiatrist that Wood would pose a future danger to society. Wood was convicted of capital murder under the Texas doctrine called the "law of parties," which employs an usually broad interpretation of accomplice liability to make a defendant liable for the acts of others. He was sentenced to death for his alleged role in the murder of a store clerk in 1996 committed by another man, Daniel Reneau, while Wood was outside sitting in a truck. Reneau was executed in 2002. Wood says he and Reneau had planned to rob the store the previous day, but that he had backed out. According to Wood, he did not know Reneau still planned to rob the store, or that Reneau had a gun with him. Jared Tyler, one of Wood's attorneys, said, "I believe that no person in the history of the modern death penalty has been executed with as little culpability and participation in the taking of a life as Mr. Wood." Wood's appeal also alleges that his right to due process was violated when the state presented false and misleading testimony from psychiatrist James Grigson, who earned the nickname "Dr. Death" for testifying in numerous Texas capital cases that the defendant would "certainly" or "absolutely" or "with 100% certainty" commit future acts of violence, including several cases in which defendants later turned out to be innocent. Three years before Wood's hearing, Grigson was expelled from the Texas Society of Psychiatric Physicians and the American Psychiatric Association for ethical violations involving making psychiatric diagnoses without having examined capital defendants, predicting with certainty that they would engage in future violent acts, and basing those predictions on hypothetical questions posed by the prosecution that contained "grossly inadequate" information. Nonetheless, based on a prosecution hypothetical question and without having evaluated Wood, Grigson testified that Wood would "certainly" pose a continuing threat to society. Wood's jury was never told that Grigson had been expelled for similar conduct or that the professional associations had determined that his practices were unethical and unscientific.[UPDATE: On August 19, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals granted a stay of execution to permit Wood to litigate his claims that the prosecution had presented false scientific evidence and that the use of false testimony from Dr. Grigson violated due process.]
(S. Heinlein, "Does This Man Deserve to Die?," Texas Monthly, July 28, 2016; J. Smith, "JEFF WOOD DIDN'T KILL ANYONE, BUT TEXAS IS ABOUT TO EXECUTE HIM ANYWAY," The Intercept, August 2, 2016; S. Cobb, "Attorneys for Jeff Wood filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus today for new sentencing hearing," Daily Kos, August 2, 2016.) See Arbitrariness.


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Guyanese women sex
Throughout the world, the vast majority of people who are HIV-positive — 80 per cent — contracted the virus through unprotected sex - that is, by not using a male or female condom. And what tactics can people employ to encourage their partners to use condoms? On World AIDS Day , we report on an organization in Guyana that is giving young women the means and the courage to protect themselves, both through access to female condoms and by instilling in them the confidence to assert themselves in what may be life-threatening situations. Women everywhere are more vulnerable than men to HIV because of biology. But for young women in particular, the vulnerability is also a psychological one. In the balance of power that characterizes any relationship, young women — whose partners are often considerably older — rarely feel that they have the upper hand when it comes to preventing HIV and unplanned pregnancies.
Guyana local sex; This ensures guyana local sex; $5m fine for women who released
Mar 14, News 0. The women pleaded guilty to the individual charges that were read to them. The court heard that between January 20 and January 21, , Williams used a cell phone to transmit data that was intended to humiliate the victim. It was also alleged that Pestano used a computer to cause distress to the victim. Police prosecutor Richard Harris told the court that the defendants and the victim are friends and that they are very close.
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Woman charged for posting sex tape of herself, another female on pornhub
A year-old woman, who is accused of posting a sex tape of herself and another woman on a well-known porn website pornhub , was today charged for the offence. The defendant, who appeared to be distraught, pleaded not guilty to the charge which stated that between July 1 and July 31, , at Castelo Housing Scheme, Georgetown, she knowingly or without lawful justification exposed for public viewing an obscene matter, that is a video of Melissa Smith intending to corrupt public moral. The woman was represented by attorney-at-law George Thomas who asked that his client be released on reasonable bail. The lawyer told the court that his client did not post the video and has experienced a great amount of embarrassment since she is also a victim as she is in the video.
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Boston-based Liberty Mutual Group reported net income of $360 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008, an increase of $10 million over the same period in 2007.
Net written premium for the first quarter was $6.256 billion, an increase of $569 million or 10.0 percent over the same period in 2007.
The first quarter's combined ratio before catastrophes and net incurred losses attributable to prior years was 99.1 percent, unchanged from the same period in 2007. Including the impact of catastrophes and net incurred losses attributable to prior years, the combined ratio for the first three months decreased 0.4 points to 100.7 percent.
"Despite significant competition, higher catastrophe losses and a global credit crisis, our results in the quarter were solid," said Edmund F. Kelly, chairman, president and chief executive officer of Liberty Mutual. He said domestic premium growth and profitability were strong, enhanced by the acquisition of Ohio Casualty in 2007 and continued growth in international operations.
The firm's investment results reflected "minimal exposure to sub-prime mortgages," Kelly said.
Also in the first quarter, on January 9, the company through its Brazilian subsidiary, Liberty International Brazil Ltda., acquired Indiana Seguros, S.A., a writer of primarily auto insurance in Brazil.
Since the close of the first quarter, on April 23, 2008, LMG announced it would be acquiring Safeco for approximately $6.2 billion. The transaction is targeted to close in the third quarter of 2008.


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La xanca pitgroga (Grallaria flavotincta) és una espècie d'ocell de la família dels gral·làrids (Grallariidae).

Hàbitat i distribució
Humid sotabosc, espesures de bambú i clars als Andes de l'oest de Colòmbia i oest de l'Equador.

Referències

pitgroga

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Every-Other-Furrow Irrigation with Different Irrigation Intervals for Grain Sorghum
A.R. Sepaskhah and M.M. Ghasemi
The water stress effects caused by every-other-furrow irrigation on yield may be alleviated by more frequent irrigation intervals. This research was conducted to determine yield and water use efficiency of grain sorghum under fixed and variable every-other-furrow and every furrow irrigations at different irrigation intervals and shallow and deep water table conditions. Water needs of grain sorghum grown on a fine-texture soil may not be met by using Every-Other Furrow Irrigation (EOFI) especially under 15 and 20 day irrigation intervals. The water stress decreased the grain yield mainly through decreasing the number of grains per cluster and in a lesser degree by decrease in 1000-seed weight. The clay soil with a layer of high clay content at depth of 70-100 cm and shallow water table may restrict the root growth and consequently the longer irrigation intervals with greater soil water stress can cause lower grain yield in these conditions. However, more frequent EOFI using 10 day intervals has produced very similar results with only a marginal reduction in crop yield. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in grain yield between fixed and variable every-other -furrow irrigations. In general, at given applied water, the relative grain yield with respect to the maximum grain yield of sorghum at EOFI was higher than those at EFI. At relative applied water of 85% (mild deficit irrigation), EOFI may be recommended to obtain the same grain yield as that of EFI with full irrigation. Furthermore, it may result in 23% more grain yield than that obtained by EFI with the same amount of applied water as deficit irrigation.
A.R. Sepaskhah and M.M. Ghasemi, 2008. Every-Other-Furrow Irrigation with Different Irrigation Intervals for Grain Sorghum. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11: 1234-1239.
DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2008.1234.1239
URL: https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=pjbs.2008.1234.1239
Shortage of water in arid and semi-arid regions of IR of Iran is an important limiting factor in crop production. Every-other and wide-spaced furrow irrigations promote irrigation efficiency and reduce loss of water (Sepaskhah and Kamgar-Haghighi, 1997; Sepaskhah and Khajehabdollahi, 2005; Sepaskhah and Parand, 2006). However, the results of Sepaskhah and Parand (2006) for maize (7 day irrigation interval) indicated a significant yield reduction in every-other furrow irrigation. The reduction of yield was due to the smaller amount of applied water and an apparently imposed soil moisture stress, especially at the reproduction stage of growth. Every-other furrow irrigation with exceptional every furrow irrigation at the tasseling and silking stages produced the highest maize yield with a smaller amount of water compared with the every furrow irrigation (Sepaskhah and Parand, 2006).
Using proper irrigation scheduling may increase crop yield. Lyle and Borodovsky (1995) used LEPA (low energy precision application) irrigation with intervals of 3, 6, 9 and 12 days for maize and obtained the highest grain yield at 3 and 6 days intervals.
The water stress effects of every-other furrow irrigation on yield may be alleviated by more frequent irrigation intervals. Root yield of sugarbeet under every-other furrow irrigation at 6 day interval was similar to that of every furrow irrigation at 10 day interval while an average of 23% water was saved (Sepaskhah and Kamgar-Haghighi, 1997).
The objectives of this research were to determine water use, yield, yield components and water use efficiency of sorghum under every-other furrow and every furrow irrigations at different irrigation intervals in two different areas with deep and shallow water table conditions.
Badjgah experiment: The deep water table experiment was conducted on a clay loam soil (Fine, mixed, mesic, Typic Calcixerepts) at the Badjgah Agricultural Experiment Station of Shiraz University located 16 km north of Shiraz with latitude of 29°, 36`N, longitude of 52°, 32`E and elevation of 1810 m (MSL). Some physical properties of the soils was reported by Sepaskhah and Khajehabdollahi (2005). Soil volumetric water contents at field capacity and permanent wilting point in depth of 0-30 cm were 0.335 and 0.168 cm3/cm3, respectively. These values for the soil depths of 30-90 cm were 0.39 and 0.157 cm3/cm3, respectively. The mean temperature during the growth period was 20.2°C. The design of experiment for each site was a randomized split plot with four replications and consisted of three irrigation intervals (10, 15 and 20 day) as main plots (each with net area of 180 m2) and three furrow irrigation methods (sub-plots, each with net area of 60 m2). The irrigation methods were: (i) Fixed Every-Other Furrow Irrigation (FEOFI) in which water was applied to alternate furrows throughout the growing season, (ii) Variable Every-Other Furrow Irrigation (VEOFI) which was similar to FEOFI, but water was applied to the furrow which was dry in the previous irrigation cycle and (iii) Every Furrow Irrigation (EFI) in which water was always applied to every furrow. Irrigation water was used from a well with an electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.5 dS m-1. Water table level in this area was deeper than 25 m.
Each sub-plot consisted of 8 rows of sorghum (Sorghum durra L.) and V-shaped furrows 10 m long and 0.75 m spacing. The slope of furrows was about 0.002 m m-1 and they were diked to prevent runoff. Nitrogen and elemental phosphorous at rates 88 and 42 kg ha-1, respectively, were applied prior to planting and thoroughly mixed into the soil in depth of 10-15 cm. Forty six kilogram per hacter nitrogen was applied when the plants reached a height of 40 cm. Seeds of a local cultivar (Kimia) were planted in the fourth week of May, 1998 in single rows at a spacing of 10 cm. The plant population was 133300 plants ha-1.
After sowing, the plots were irrigated by EFI irrigation once a week for three weeks as pre-treatment irrigation. The total amount of pre-treatment irrigation water was 123 mm. No rainfall occurred during the growing season. The experimental treatments were imposed on June 19, 1998.
Siphon tubes (25 mm, ID) from an equalizing ditch applied the water for irrigation treatments. Furthermore, they were used to measure the required amount of irrigation water for each irrigation treatments. The amount of water consumed by the crop in each irrigation treatment was estimated by the amount of water it took to bring the root zone profile back up to the field capacity, based upon before-irrigation soil moisture measurements. The soil water content in the root zone to 1.2 m depth was measured by neutron probe before irrigation. The neutron tubes were placed in the middle of each sub-plot in two replications. In the middle of each sub-plot in the every furrow irrigation treatment one neutron access tube was placed between the furrow and the top of the bed and for the every-other furrow irrigation treatment, two neutron tubes were installed, one at the bottom of furrow and the other on the top of the bed. Neutron probe readings were taken at depths of 0.15, 0.45, 0.75 and 1.05 m with respect to furrow bottom and top of the bed, respectively.
The evapotranspiration for irrigation intervals (ET, mm) was estimated by the following equation (Jensen, 1973):
ET = I+P-D+-(ΣI = 1n (θ1-θ2) Δ Si)
I = Irrigation amounts (mm)
P = Precipitation (mm)
D = Deep percolation (mm) from the bottom of root zone
n = Number of soil layers
ΔS = Thickness of each soil layer (mm)
θ1 and θ2 = Volumetric soil water contents (cm3/cm3) before two consecutive irrigations
The value of D was estimated by soil unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) equation through assumption of unit hydraulic gradient at bottom of root zone. The K(θ) equation was determined by the internal drainage method at a depth of 0-70 cm by measuring soil water content profile on a representative point inside the field (Kashefipour and Sepaskhah, 1995). The equation of K (mm day-1) for the field soils are K(θ) = 2.72x 10-18
Exp (1.1θ) and K(θ) = 1.6x 10-9 Exp (0.56 θ) for Badjgah and Kooshkak areas, respectively.
Two plants were selected randomly on each irrigation treatments. The length and width of the plant leaves were measured with a ruler. These measurements were repeated on the same plants in 10 day intervals. The leaf areas of some selected plants throughout the growing season were determined by a leaf areas meter. The linear relationship between a leaf area (A, cm2) and the corresponding leaf length (L, cm) and width (W, cm) was obtained as follows:
A = 0.745(Lx W), n = 38, R2 = 0.98, p<0.01
The ratio of total leaf area of a plant to the surface area of land devoted to a plant was considered as Leaf Area Index (LAI).
The sorghum was harvested from subplots (20 m2) on 30-31 October and grain yield (at 14% moisture content) and top dry yield were separated and weighed. The number of branches in each cluster, the 1000-seed weight and the number of seeds per cluster were determined in sub-samples from each sub-plot.
Kooshkak experiment: The shallow water table experiment was conducted on a clay loam soil (Fine, carbonatic, mesic, Aquic Calcixerepts) at the Kooshkak Agricultural Experiment Station of Shiraz University located 75 km North of Shiraz with latitude of 30°, 4`N, longitude of 52°, 35`E and elevation of 1609 m (MSL).
Volumetric soil water contents at field capacity and permanent wilting point in depth of 0-30 cm were 0.39 and 0.213 cm3/cm3, respectively. These values for depths of 30-90 cm were 0.42 and 0.282 cm3/cm3, respectively. The mean temperature during the growth period was 20.4°C. No rainfall occurred during the growing season. The depth of water table in this area varied between 1.8 m at the sowing time and 1.55 m at the end of irrigation treatments.
The experimental procedure was similar to that for Badjgah area, except the planting and harvest dates were 9 June and 25-27 October, 1998, respectively. The total amount of pre-treatment irrigation water was 137 mm. The experimental treatments were imposed on June 30. Electrical conductivity of irrigation water was 0.6 dS m-1. The analysis of variance and LSD test were used to analyze the data.
Badjgah experiment: In general, grain and top dry yields (grain plus stover) were higher under 10 day irrigation interval than those obtained under 15 and 20 day intervals and decreased as irrigation interval increased (Table 1, 2). Furthermore, grain and top dry yields under Every Furrow Irrigation (EFI) were significantly higher than those for Every-Other Furrow Irrigation (EOFI) (Table 1, 2). However, grain and top dry yields were not statistically different for variable EOFI (VEOFI) and fixed EOFI (FEOFI). Similar results were reported by Samadi and Sepaskhah (1984) for dry bean. The interaction effects between irrigation intervals and irrigation methods for grain and top dry yields were not significant at 5% level of probability, therefore, the main effects of irrigation methods and intervals were compared statistically.
Kooshkak experiment: The effects of irrigation methods and intervals on grain and top dry yields in Kooshkak experiment were similar to those obtained in Badjgah experiment (Table 1, 2). The interaction effects between irrigation intervals and irrigation methods for grain and top dry yields were statistically significant at 5% level of probability. The grain and top dry yields for fixed and variable EOFI method at irrigation intervals of 10 and 20 days were similar, while they were lower for fixed EOFI method at 15 day interval. In general, the grain and top dry yields in Kooshkak experiment for 10 and 15 day irrigation intervals were higher (about 8% higher for grain and 17% higher for top) than those obtained in Badjgah experiment, while the results were reversed for 20 day irrigation interval (about 14% lower for grain and
Table 1: Average top dry yield (t ha-1) at different irrigation treatments
*: Means at each location with similar letter(s) in each column and row [capital letter(s)] are not significantly different at the 5% level of probability (LSD). **: The main effects were not compared due to statistically significant interaction
Table 2: Average grain yield (t ha-1) with 14% moisture content (dry basis) at different treatments
*: Means at each location with similar letter(s) in each column [lower case letter(s)] and row [capital letter(s)] are not significantly different at the 5% level of probability. **: The main effects were not compared due to statistically significant interaction
Table 3: Average number of seeds per cluster at different treatments
*: Means at each location with similar letter(s) in each column [lower case letter(s)] and row [capital letter(s)] are not significantly different at the 5% level of probability
13% lower for top at Kooshkak). The clay soil, shallow water table and a layer with high clay content at depth of 70-100 cm in Kooshkak experiment might have restricted the root depth. Therefore, the root ability for water uptake at greater irrigation interval (20 day) was restricted and resulted in lower grain and top dry yields. Furthermore, the clay soil (low hydraulic conductivity) and presence of a layer with high clay content at depth of 70-100 cm may have reduced the upward flow of water from shallow water table at depth of 155-180 cm for plant use. However, more frequent irrigation interval (10 day) in Kooshkak experiment with higher air evaporation potential resulted in higher application of irrigation water and grain and top yields (Table 6). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in grain yield between fixed and variable EOFI methods.
Table 4: Average 1000-seed weight (g) for different treatments
*: Means at each location with similar letter(s) in each column [lower case letter(s)] and row [capital letter(s)] are not significant different at the 5% level of probability
Table 5: The maximum leaf area index (LAIm) for different irrigation treatments and experimental locations
Yield components: The reduction in number of grains per cluster due to the irrigation methods and intervals were similar to those obtained for grain yield reduction (Table 3). Therefore, the main cause of grain reduction is attributed to the decrease in number of grains per cluster (Table 3). The interaction effect between irrigation interval and irrigation method for the number of grains per cluster was not statistically significant.
The 1000-seed weight was also decreased significantly at 20 day irrigation interval and EOFI in Kooshkak experiment (Table 4), but it was not reduced at 20 day irrigation interval in Badjgah experiment. The interaction effect between irrigation interval and irrigation method for the 1000-seed weight was not statistically significant. The reduced 1000-seed weight and lower number of grains per cluster at 20 day irrigation interval in Kooshkak experiment were the main reasons for decreased grain yield in this treatment in Kooshkak experiment. Furthermore, the number of grains per cluster was higher at 10 day irrigation interval in Kooshkak experiment than that of Badjgah experiment which may be the cause of higher grain yield in this treatment in Kooshkak experiment.
Leaf area index: In general the maximum leaf area index (LAIm) decreased in longer irrigation intervals and in every-other furrow irrigation (Table 5). This decrease was greater in Kooshkak area. LAI is usually a measure of solar radiation absorption and photosynthesis which influences the yield. The relationship between top dry yield (yt, t ha-1) and LAIm is as follows:
Yt = 5.70 LAIm, R2 = 0.97
The relationship between grain yield (y, t ha-1) and LAIm is as follows:
Y = 4.60 (LAIm -1.30), R2 = 0.85
A threshold for LAIm of 1.30 was obtained which is a least value of LAIm for grain production initiation. It is interesting to note that in both study locations, every-other furrow irrigation at 10 day interval resulted in LAIm similar to that obtained for every furrow irrigation at 15 day interval. Therefore, more frequent irrigation of every-other furrow irrigation is equally effective in leaf growth as every furrow irrigation at less frequent irrigation.
Evapotranspiration (ETc): In general ETc decreased at longer irrigation intervals and every-other furrow irrigation. ETc was higher in Kooshkak location due to higher mean seasonal air temperature (Table 6). The ratio of mean ETc for every-other furrow irrigation at 10 day interval to that for every furrow irrigation at 15 day interval was 0.86 for both locations while the grain yields of these treatments were almost equal (Table 2). This might be due to the reduction of surface evaporation in every-other furrow irrigation where almost half of soil surface is wetted in EOFI compared with EFI.
The relationship between grain yield reduction (1-y/ym) and ETc reduction (1-ETc/ETcm) is as follows:
(1-y/ym) = 1.27(1-ETc/ETcm), R2 = 0.92, SE = 0.009, p<0.001
y and ym = Actual and maximum grain yields
ETc and ETcm = Actual and maximum evapotranspiration.
The coefficient of this equation (1.27) is much greater than that reported by Doorenbos and Kassam (1979), 0.9, for sorghum.
Deep percolation: In general, deep percolation was reduced in every-other furrow irrigation (Table 6). This might be due to the more lateral movement of water in soil in every-other furrow irrigation. Furthermore, deep percolation was decreased drastically in longer irrigation intervals. This might be due to the drier soil at lower layers in the root zone in irrigation treatments with longer intervals. Furthermore, deep percolation in Kooshkak location is higher than those obtained in Badjgah location due to high water table and drainage installation. However, deep percolation in this location was about 10% of the ETc or less at the shortest irrigation interval.
Table 6: Seasonal evapotranspiration (ETc, mm) and deep percolation (D, mm) for different irrigation treatments and experimental locations
Table 7: Applied irrigation water for different irrigation treatments (mm)
Table 8: Water use efficiency (kg m?3) for different irrigation treatments
Water use efficiency: Water use efficiency was considered as the harvested portion of crop produced (grain) per unit of water consumed. The greatest difference in applied irrigation water between EFI and EOFI treatments occurred under 10 day irrigation intervals (Table 7). This is due to the fact that more frequent irrigation under EFI may result in higher evaporation from soil surface, especially during early growing season with incomplete ground cover. Therefore, it is possible to design an experiment where both irrigation interval and water quantities are variables.
The maximum and minimum water use efficiencies (about 0.92 and 0.45 kg m-3) were obtained for EOFI at 10 day interval and EOFI at 20 day interval, respectively (Table 8). When available water is scarce (about 450 mm) FEOFI at 15 day irrigation interval is more efficient in grain production than EFI at 10 day irrigation interval which required more than 800 mm of applied water and resulted in a similar water use efficiency. However, when available water is about 600 mm, EOFI at 10 day interval is more efficient in grain production than EFI at 10 day interval which required more than 800 mm of applied water and resulted in lower water use efficiency.
The mean soil water profiles before each irrigation under different irrigation methods for Badjgah and Kooshkak, showed that no obvious difference could be detected between soil moisture contents for fixed and variable EOFI (FEOFI, VEOFI) (data are not shown). In general, the mean soil water contents of the profile, especially the lower part for EOFI, were lower than those for EFI, therefore, deep percolation might be less important under EOFI treatments. Furthermore, some of the water under EFI, especially under 10 day interval, was probably lost by evaporation and drainage below the root zone.
Yield and water relationship: The relationships between relative applied water (relative to the applied water for maximum grain yield at EFI with 10 day interval, %), x and relative grain yield (relative to the maximum grain yield, %) y, combined for both sites for EFI and EOFI are as follows:
y = 1.55(x-35.2), R2 = 0.94 for EFI
y = 1.77(x-28.8), R2 = 0.93 for EOFI
Since there was no statistically significant difference between yields in fixed and variable EOFI, therefore, these data were included in Eq. 7. The equation for EOFI (Eq. 7) resulted in a relative grain yield greater than that of EFI due to the higher coefficient (1.77 vs. 1.55). This implied that the yield with a given amount of applied water is higher under EOFI. Equation 6 may be used to analyze the yield expected from a given amount of water.
At a relative applied water of 85% by EOFI, a linear extrapolation similar to that for EFI may result in 100% grain yield or 23% more yield than that by EFI. In other words, water saving of about 15% can be expected using EOFI rather than EFI at yield levels less than maximum yield. The soil water contents of the lower part of the soil water profile are not very different for wet and dry furrows of EOFI (Sepaskhah and Kamgar-Haghighi, 1997). Furthermore, these values are not very different from those of EFI at 10 day interval. These results indicated that the lateral movement of soil water might be as important as downward movement. This suggests that in an irrigation system with similar soil texture (at least the same ability to produce as much lateral movement of water as downward) and environment, a given input of water will produce greater grain yield if water is applied as EOFI rather than as EFI. Similar results were reported by Stone and Nofziger (1993) for wide-spaced furrow irrigation for cotton lint.
The slope of the lines (Eq. 6 and 7) was considered as the efficiency of applied water (Stone and Nofziger, 1993; Sepaskhah and Kamgar-Haghighi, 1997). The ratio of the slopes in the linear Eq. 6 and 7, 1.14, suggests that EOFI is about 14% more efficient than EFI in use of applied water. The results of Stone and Nofziger (1993) indicated that wide-spaced furrow irrigation was about 13% more efficient than EFI in use of applied water which is similar to that obtained in the present study. This similarity may be due to the similarity in crops in which the yields result from the reproduction stage of growth (cotton lint and grain sorghum). However, Sepaskhah and Kamgar-Haghighi (1997) reported a ratio of the slope in linear equations for EOFI and EFI as 1.26 for root yield of sugarbeet which is a vegetative based yield. This increase in ratio is almost twice that for grain sorghum for the present investigation or cotton lint as reported by Stone and Nofziger (1993).
Similar relationships between top dry weight (relative to the maximum top dry weight, %), y and relative applied water (relative to the applied water for maximum top dry weight, %), w, for EFI and EOFI are shown as follows:
y = -37.0 +2.06w -0.0069w2, R2 = 0.973, for EFI
y = -76.1 +4.06w -0.026w2, R2 = 0.683, for EOFI
Since there was no statistically significant difference between yields in fixed and variable EOFI, therefore, their data were included in Eq. 9. The equation for EOFI (Eq. 9) showed a greater relative top dry weight than that of EFI for relative applied water of smaller than 78%. The maximum increase in top dry weight due to EOFI (about 40%) was obtained at about 52% of relative applied water.
The results of other investigators suggest that the bulk of the savings is due to reduction of evaporation from the soil surface (Tsegaye et al., 1993), as may be the case in the present study.
Although, the experiments have been conducted only for one year, but the results of multiple sites were analyzed. The results indicated that water needs of grain sorghum on a fine-texture soil may not be met by irrigating Every-Other Furrow (EOFI) especially under 15 and 20 day irrigation intervals. The water stress decreased the grain yield mainly through decreasing the number of grains per cluster and in a lesser degree by decrease in weight of 1000-seed. Clay soil, shallow water table and a layer with high clay content at depth of 70-100 cm may restrict the root growth and consequently the longer irrigation intervals with greater soil water stress might have caused lower grain yield in these conditions. More frequent EOFI using 10 day interval is a controlled-stress irrigation with little risk of crop yield reduction. In general, at a given applied water the relative grain yield of sorghum at EOFI was higher than those at EFI. At relative applied water of 85% (mild deficit irrigation), EOFI may be recommended to obtain the same grain yield as that of EFI with full irrigation or to obtain 23% more grain yield than that obtained by EFI with the same amount of deficit irrigation.
This research was supported in part by Grant No. 85-GR-AGR-42 of Shiraz University Research Council and Center of Excellence on Farm Water Management.
1: Doorenbos, J. and A.H. Kassam, 1979. Yield response to water. Irrigation and Drainage Paper 33, FAO, Rome, pp: 193. http://www.fao.org/landandwater/aglw/cropwater/parta.stm.
2: Jensen, M.E., 1973. Consumptive use of Water and Irrigation Water Requirements. ASCE, New York, pp: 215
3: Kashefipour, S.M. and A.R. Sepaskhah, 1995. Determination of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity by internal drainage assuming a uniform soil water profile. Iran Agric. Res., 14: 203-216.
4: Lyle, W.M. and J.P. Borodovsky, 1995. LEPA corn irrigation with limited water supplies. Trans. ASAE, 38: 455-462.
5: Samadi, A. and A.R. Sepaskhah, 1984. Effects of alternate furrow irrigation on yield and water use efficiency of dry beans. Iran Agric. Res., 3: 95-115.
6: Sepaskhah, A.R. and A.A. Kamgar-Haghighi, 1997. Water use and yields of sugarbeet grown under every-other-furrow irrigation with different irrigation intervals. Agric. Water Manage., 34: 71-79.
7: Sepaskhah, A.R. and M.H. Khajehabdollahi, 2005. Alternate furrow irrigation with different irrigation intervals for maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Prod. Sci., 8: 592-600.
8: Sepaskhah, A.R. and A.R. Parand, 2006. Effects of alternate furrow irrigation with supplemental every-furrow irrigation at different growth stages on the yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Prod. Sci., 9: 415-421.
9: Stone, J.F. and D.L. Nofziger, 1993. Water use and yields of cotton grown under wide-spaced furrow irrigation. Agric. Water Manage., 24: 27-38.
10: Tsegaye, T., J.F. Stone and H.E. Reeves, 1993. Water use characteristics of wide-spaced furrow irrigation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 57: 240-245.


This is the long awaited sequel to 'Gunns Site Preparation Works Unexplained Accidents'. In 'Confront The Mud' the company embarks on year 7 of clearing the mill site so it can make the Worlds most expensive KRAFT pulp. Already running at a $338 million a year loss and with their share price at 16 cents, Gunns think they can f*ck-up Tasmania before escaping back to the beach house at Noosa to sip daiquiris.


text:
Rudolf Herbert Nocker (* 25. August 1946 in Obergermaringen) ist ein deutscher Nachrichtentechniker und Professor für Elektrotechnik an der Hochschule Hannover.

Leben
Nach einem Studium der Nachrichtentechnik an der Technischen Universität München war Nocker von 1972 bis 1973 an der Technischen Universität Braunschweig als wissenschaftlicher Assistent tätig. Darauf folgte eine vierjährige Tätigkeit für die Forschungsabteilung der Siemens AG in München. 1981 promovierte er an der TU München am Institut für Nachrichtentechnik.

Von 1978 bis 2010 war Nocker Professor für Kommunikationstechnik an der Hochschule Hannover.

Nocker erfand ein digitales Nachrichtensystem mit Vielfachzugriff und dezentraler Vermittlungstechnik, welches in mehreren Ländern patentiert wurde (beispielsweise United States Patent US4124776A von 1978).

Publikationen (Auswahl)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Elektroingenieur
Hochschullehrer (Hochschule Hannover)
Deutscher
Geboren 1946
Mann


Your kitchen is the heart of your home. Jaeger Kitchens wants to help you keep that heart warm, vibrant and inviting. Serving New Jersey for decades with an experienced team of designers, Jaeger Kitchens is the place to make your dream kitchen a reality. You'll be able to select from the most respected names in cabinetry, countertops, mouldings and hardware as the Jaeger designers work with you to create a kitchen that you will love to call home.
While Jaeger Kitchens is the name, kitchens are not the limit of what we can do. The Jaeger Kitchens design team can also provide you with fine cabinetry solutions for your bath, bedroom, living room, office/library or family room. Any room in your home can be a showplace and as part of Jaeger Lumber, Jaeger Kitchens can allow you to have a showplace home without the upscale showroom pricing.
We invite you to look around our showroom on the web to see what we can do and then bring your imagination down to a Jaeger Kitchens design center in Union, Stirling, Madison, Middlesex, Belmar, or Pt. Pleasant Beach.
Jaeger Kitchens has created luxury kitchens throughout the tri state area. We design custom kitchen to complement each client's individual style and budget.


Fault Recovery: the ability to transparently replace a failed component without restarting the entire application.
This project is different than other related efforts (such as BLCR?) because it focuses primarily on the requirements of capability-based platforms, where performance and scalability are critical. Our software will build upon design principles of the lightweight kernel projects at Sandia laboratories, and we will integrate our software into the Kitten operating system.
Related Work -- Papers and information on related projects.


text:
Q: Зависимость ссылок http://demo13.ocjoy.com/
На этом сайте решена эта проблема, но не могу понять все равно как!
Есть две ссылки
а1 и а2
Как сделать так чтобы если

*

*при а2 просто у а1 был 1 бекгроунд,

*при а2.active у а1 был совсем другой бекгроунд

Есть меню категорий в интернет Магазине

Скрипт отвечающий за развертывание подкатегорий при нажатии
$(document).ready(function(){$('.sliEsq').click(function(){$(this).parent().children('.sliesQ').toggle('fast');return false;});});

Скрипт отвечающий за смену картинки (+) на картинку (-) при нажатии, картинка присваивается через background в CSS
$(document).ready(function(){
$('.sliEsq').on('click', function(){$( this ).toggleClass( "open" );});});

Собственно код ссылок а1 и а2 соответственно
  <a  style="margin-bottom: 10px;" href="<?php echo $child['href']; ?>">  <?php echo $child['name']; ?>

Теперь суть проблемы, при переходе в категорию , автоматически разворачиваются подкатегории, те как бы становятся открытыми. но картинка остается (+), соответсвенно есди нажимаешь свернуть, токартинка становится (-).\
Те у активной категории с развернутыми подкатегориями должана быть картинка (-), но нет.
CMS OPENCART
При переходе в категорию за автоматическое раскрытие подкатегорий отвечает
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Note: The curriculum, including nutrition content and recipes, have not been reviewed by the Center TRT.
Faithful Families Eating Smart and Moving More has a curriculum, which nutrition/physical activity educators and lay leaders use while teaching the nine nutrition, food safety and food resource management lessons. The Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) originally created the curriculum for its Families Eating Smart and Moving More (FESMM) Program. Collaborating with original authors, EFNEP adapted the FESMM curriculum for the Faithful Families Program by including open-ended questions about faith and spirituality. Faith community lay leaders receive this curriculum after they are trained by EFNEP personnel. The FFESMM curriculum begins with a Leader's Guide section, which instructs nutrition/physical activity educators in using the curriculum. After an initial training session, lay leaders partner with nutrition/physical activity educators to conduct the FFESMM program.
The cost of the curriculum is $100.
Faithful Families Eating Smart and Moving More developed a full planning guide that makes adoption by others both feasible and straightforward. It contains draft policy and environmental change templates that a faith community can present to its members for adoption and sample documents to publicize once the changes are implemented. The Planning Guide also includes information on how to establish a health committee within a faith community. Step-by-step guidelines for starting and maintaining an amended version of FFESMM are also provided.


text:
Intel and Samsung lend support to FTC's lawsuit against Qualcomm
Qualcomm is facing litigation on several fronts.
Harish Jonnalagadda
Earlier this year, the Federal Trade Commission leveled a lawsuit against Qualcomm for resorting to anti-competitive tactics to maintain its position in the semiconductor segment. According to the lawsuit, Qualcomm imposed "onerous and anti-competitive supply and licensing terms on cell phone manufacturers" in a bid to weaken competition. Qualcomm has since filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuit, but Intel and Samsung — Qualcomm's main rivals in the semiconductor category — are throwing their support behind the FTC.
In a statement on its blog, Intel said that Qualcomm's "abusive patent and commercial practices" hurt competition and innovation in this segment:
Intel is ready, willing, and able to compete on the merits in this market that Qualcomm has dominated for years. But Qualcomm has maintained an interlocking web of abusive patent and commercial practices that subverts competition on the merits. These practices have illegally coerced mobile phone manufacturers into purchasing the chipsets they need from Qualcomm and Qualcomm alone.
Today, Intel filed an Amicus Brief in opposition to Qualcomm's motion to dismiss the FTC's complaint. Because the FTC's attempt to shed light on Qualcomm's anticompetitive practices is of great importance to the industry as a whole, several other companies and trade associations also have filed briefs supporting the FTC. Intel's brief, in particular, illuminates the adverse impact that Qualcomm's conduct is having on competition and innovation, and explains how that conduct violates the antitrust laws in several different ways.
Samsung has similarly stated that Qualcomm's licensing deal prevents it from selling its in-house Exynos chipsets to other manufacturers:
Despite having requested a license from Qualcomm, Samsung cannot sell licensed Exynos chipsets to non-Samsung entities because Qualcomm has refused to license Samsung to make and sell licensed chipsets.
The main argument is that Qualcomm is leveraging its position in the semiconductor industry to create a monopoly by refusing to share its patents with other chip manufacturers. With its chipsets and LTE modems, Qualcomm collects a percentage of a device's retail cost as royalties, a move that has led Apple to sue the chip maker to the tune of $1 billion over "royalties that they had nothing to do with."
For its part, Qualcomm is trying to get the FTC lawsuit dismissed, stating that there's no "coherent theory of competitive harm" from its patents licensing model:
The Federal Trade Commission's latest submission to the court does nothing to cure the fundamental flaws in its complaint against Qualcomm: no coherent theory of competitive harm and no allegations of the type of conduct that the antitrust laws are designed to address. The complaint therefore should be dismissed.
With the company fighting litigation on several fronts, it will be a tough year for Qualcomm. The manufacturer has slashed profit projections for Q2 2017, and its stock is down 15% from earlier this year. The FTC's hearings are scheduled for June 15, which is when we'll hear more on the lawsuit.


text:
The Caves of Don Gaspar () is an important archaeological site located in the north of the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain).

The cueva is located in the municipality of Icod de los Vinos. It consists of a series of deposits belonging to the ancient Guanche culture, which form an interrelated complex. The caves include the Cave of Don Gaspar itself, the Cave of Las Palomas and three nearby caves. They were inhabited by the aboriginal Guanche Berbers.

In the Cave of Don Gaspar there are three levels of occupation, the oldest from the third century CE, while the occupation level in the Cave of Las Palomas is even older, dating back to the third century BCE.

The caves are however famous for the discovery of plant debris in the form of carbonized seeds of wheat, barley and beans. This finding helps verify the practice of agriculture on the island of Tenerife in times of the Guanches.

The cave is declared a Site of cultural interest by the Government of the Canary Islands.

See also
 Cave of Achbinico
 Cave of the Guanches

References

Guanche
Tenerife
Don Gaspar
Archaeology of Tenerife
Bien de Interés Cultural landmarks in the Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife


including Richmond, Merton, Sutton, Kingston and Wandsworth.
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