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examples of aquatic biomes
answer choices . Plants are well adapted to the abundance of water as are the animals typically found in wetlands, such as ducks and amphibians. Lakes and lakes experience warm blending. Finish Editing. Q. Salt concentration and temperature . 1. Others split biomes further. Several similar biomes constitute a biome type—for example, the temperate deciduous forest biome type includes the deciduous forest biomes of Asia, Europe, and North America. 68% average accuracy. Played 66 times. Covers characteristics of aquatic biomes. One more example of an aquatic biome is the open ocean, which is very large, can be very deep, and is sparsely populated. The aquatic biome provides a vast array of habitats that, in turn, support a staggering diversity of species. All of the above. Unlike an ocean biome with salt water which is always moving, some freshwater biomes remain still all the time. Coral Reefs Coral reefs are found around the globe in warm waters. An aquatic biome is one of the five main biomes of the earth. Biomes & Aquatic Ecosystems DRAFT. Please update your bookmarks accordingly. A major NFL COVID testing flaw has been exposed. These are forest, grassland, freshwater, marine, desert, and tundra. That amount can be more or less in a given area depending on the annual amount of rainfall. The aquatic biome has two main basic regions, freshwater and marine. The aquatic medium—water— has different physical and chemical properties than air, however. Freshwater biomes contain water with low salt focuses and incorporates wetlands, lakes, lakes, waterways, and streams. They can be classified as terrestrial (land), aquatic (water), or anthropogenic (dominated by humans). A biome is an ecological community. Edit. The abiotic factors important for the structuring of aquatic ecosystems can be different than those seen in terrestrial systems. Aquatic Biomes Abiotic Factors Influencing Aquatic Biomes. Coral reefs, for example, exhibit rich biodiversity. terrestrial. Lakes, rivers, streams, swamps, and marshlands are all examples of what type of aquatic biome? For example, water lilies ensure their widespread in the biome by dispersing seeds. Water covers nearly 75 percent of the earth's surface, in the form of oceans, lakes, rivers, etc. The aquatic biome is definitely the largest biome out there. Biomes are split into 5 categories based on their temperature: aquatic, snow-covered, cold, temperate/lush, dry/warm, and neutral. a year ago. Even though the water temperature varies, the aquatic areas tend to be more humid and the temperature of the air on the cooler side. Print; Share; Edit; Delete; Host a game . The flower of a water lily naturally develops a fruit that effectively floats in the water body and then sinks to the bottom, where it develops roots, and a new lily grows. Organisms that live in marine biomes must be adapted to the salt in the water. Biomes are basically different geographical regions across the world with similar climatic characteristics and wildlife. 2. Not all scientists classify biomes in the same way. 1. Your marine biomes are all your salt water biomes and your aquatic biomes are all the biomes in the water. Other Sciences. Two ocean zones are particularly challenging to marine organisms: the intertidal zone and the deep ocean. Some familiar examples of biomes include tundra, desert, chaparral, and open ocean. Abiotic Factors Influencing Aquatic Biomes. Define blomagnification and give an example. Information presented and the examples highlighted in the section support concepts outlined in Big Idea 2 of the AP ® Biology Curriculum Framework. Aquatic biomes are ripe with these interactions. There is no … An example of a fresh water biome is the Amazon river in Brazil. Terrestrial biomes can also be referred to as land biomes and are distributed throughout the globe. Plants and animals interact with the biotic and abiotic factors of aquatic ecosystems. Biomes are often named for the vegetation found within them. Other scientists use more precise classifications and list dozens of … One more example of an aquatic biome is the open ocean, which is very large, can be very deep, and is sparsely populated. Aquatic Biomes. Thus, for example, fresh-water and saltwater tidal marshes exist along a continuum of salinity; riparian wet-lands may be part of the river at times. Solo Practice. Save. "Major life zone� is the European phrase for the North American biome concept. A biome can be made up of many ecosystems. A stream is an example of a freshwater ecosystem. Some people say there are only 5 major types of biomes: aquatic, desert, forest, grassland, and tundra. We have moved all content for this concept to for better organization. Waterways and streams continually advance toward … The aquatic biome includes the habitats around the world that are dominated by water—from tropical reefs to brackish mangroves, to Arctic lakes. Aquatic Biome • it makes up the largest part of the biosphere • There are two main types of Aquatic Biomes: 1.Freshwater 2. Aquatic ecosystems are categorized as the marine ecosystem and the freshwater ecosystem. Examples of aquatic biomes. Towards the middle part of the stream/river, the width increases, as does species diversity — numerous aquatic green plants and algae can be found. Edit. Marine. Plants are well adapted to the abundance of water as are the animals typically found in wetlands, such as ducks and amphibians. Share practice link. Wetlands are another example of an aquatic biome. Aquatic Biome is a major biotic community of maritime characterized by the dominant forms of plant life and the dominating climate. 1. Play. Forests are separated into rainforest, temperate forest, chaparral, and taiga; grasslands are divided into savanna and temperate grasslands; and the aquatic biome is split into freshwater and marine. The aquatic regions house numerous species of animals and plants, either big or large. Examples of terrestrial biomes. Aquatic ecosystems include both saltwater and freshwater biomes. Wetlands are another example of an aquatic biome. How is mutualism different from commensalism? Explain how wind and ocean currents impact climatic conditions. Freshwater biomes include lakes and ponds (standing water) as well as rivers and streams (flowing water). This limits their habitat to waters between 23°N and 23°S latitude. Can you think of two other and more obvious factors? SURVEY . If you'd like to see examples of biomes around the world, keep reading to find a list of desert, grassland, rainforest, and tundra biomes… Aquatic biomes in the ocean are called marine biomes. For example, savannas do not experience rain or snow due to their heat. Corals cannot stand temperatures that drop much below an average temperature of 18°C. Fresh Water Regions . For example, an aquatic biome can contain ecosystems such as coral reefs and kelp forests. Walmart updates Supercenter stores for the digital era Freshwater Biome Facts and Information . These biomes host fish, waterfowl, green growth, scavengers, and microorganisms. Aquatic biomes are the most stable ecosystems on this planet and with the absence of water, most of the life forms would be unable to sustain themselves and the Earth would be a lifeless and desert-like place. Marine • High biodiversity 2. Examples of marine biomes. Fresh Water. The water is also clearer, has higher oxygen levels, and freshwater fish such as trout and heterotrophs can be found there. These various roles and human benefits are referred to as ecosystem services. It is biggest biome in … Like terrestrial biomes, aquatic biomes are influenced by a series of abiotic factors. Homework. Aquatic biomes are very important because apart from being home to millions of water animals, they also form the basis of the water cycle and help with atmospheric moisture, cloud formation, and precipitation. The aquatic medium—water— has different physical and chemical properties than air, however. Updated November 22, 2019. Freshwater Biomes. 5. Examples of Aquatic Biome. Aquatic biomes are very important because apart from being home to millions of water animals, they also form the basis of the water cycle and help with atmospheric moisture, cloud formation and precipitation. every type of biome can be characterized as either a terrestrial biome, aquatic biome, or marine biome. They also include wetlands. Most of it can be found in rivers, lakes, and wetlands. View Aquatic Biome Matching from BIO 121 at Stephen F Austin H S. Directions: Group each of the 6 biomes with their corresponding salinity/flow, location examples, biota (plants & animals), abiotic One example of a marine biome is the Great Barrier Reef (a coral reef system) of Australia. Now let's take a look at some aquatic biomes. But, while latitude is important, so too is the current. Practice. Coronavirus detected in lake water, researchers find. Describe 4 types of aquatic biomes and the types of animal life and/or vegetation you would expect to find in each. Nonetheless, our use of concepts and categories helps us to make sense of the world, and in this volume, many concepts applicable to freshwater systems are introduced. Live Game Live. It is characterized by the animals and plants in these areas, which have adapted to the climate and conditions of their particular biome. To play this quiz, please finish editing it. For example, they recycle nutrients, purify water, attenuate floods, recharge ground water and provide habitats for wildlife. They are standing bodies of water such as marshes and swamps. aquatic biome. Delete Quiz. Tags: Question 20 . Even if the water in a pond or other body of water is perfectly clear (there are no suspended particles), water, on its own, absorbs light. 1. What Are the Five Abiotic Features Found in the Aquatic Biome? Terrestrial biomes are your biomes on land. Freshwater Biome Flora and Fauna. The aquatic biome is the largest of all the world's biomes—it occupies about 75 percent of the Earth's surface area. This quiz is incomplete! Plankton, algae, fish, tube … Only a very small portion of Earth's water is freshwater (mostly free of salt). Worldwide distribution of major terrestrial biomes. Examples of animals in freshwater biomes include salmon, tilapia worms, water-surface insects, and crabs. Humans rely on freshwater biomes to provide aquatic resources for drinking water, crop irrigation, sanitation, and industry. Some freshwater biome plants have developed unique adaptations and defense mechanisms to survive in this biome. Aquatic ecosystems perform many important environmental functions. Some use broad classifications and count as few as six biomes. Q. Jeremiah's scout troop was planning a week-long camping trip. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Adam Augustyn. Aquatic ecosystems are also used for human recreation, and are very important to the tourism industry, especially in coastal regions. by vicki craig. 30 seconds . They are standing bodies of water such as marshes and swamps. In fact it is the water that covers almost 75% of the Earth's surface and makes up the largest part of the biosphere. Like terrestrial biomes, aquatic biomes are influenced by a series of abiotic factors. K - University grade . Approximately 70% of the water that is used to irrigate crops comes from freshwater biomes. 3. Even if the water in a pond or other body of water is perfectly clear (there are no suspended particles), water, on its own, absorbs light. Aquatic biomes are identified with waterways. If a biome with a temperature above 0.95 is edited to allow precipitation through a data pack or mod, it simply behaves like a normal rainy biome. Define population, community, habitat, and niche 4. By Debashree Sen. An aquatic ecosystem is a water-based environment. For example, many have organs for excreting excess salt. Six examples of terrestrial biomes include the tundra, rainforest, savanna, taiga, desert and alpine. The world is made up of many different biomes. 1.
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examples of aquatic biomes 2020


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Gelesen von Philippa
(4,556 Sterne; 356 Bewertungen)
The Man Who Would Be King tells the story of two British adventurers in British India who become kings of Kafiristan, a remote part of Afghanistan. It was inspired by the exploits of James Brooke, an Englishman who became the "white Raja" of Sarawak in Borneo, and by the travels of American adventurer Josiah Harlan, who claimed the title Prince of Ghor.
The story was first published in The Phantom Rickshaw and other Tales (Volume Five of the Indian Railway Library, published by A H Wheeler & Co of Allahabad in 1888). It also appeared in Wee Willie Winkie and Other Stories in 1895, and in numerous later editions of that collection. It is the basis for John Huston's 1975 film of the same name, starring Sean Connery and Michael Caine as the "kings", and Christopher Plummer as Kipling. (Interim summary by Wikipedia adapted by Philippa)
Read by Philippa
Great reading of classic short story
ListeninginChicago
Kipling's story is deserves all the accolades it has received over the years. Philippa's reading is a classic gem that subtly supports without distraction, while leaving the story to shine. If you have never read the story (or at least, not read it recently), this is the way to be (re)introduced.
@jason_t84
I love this story and id certainly suggest watching the film (starring Sean Connery and Michael Caine). Very well read. Voices for the characters are very well done despite all speaking Characters in this story are male. Very pleased with how the narrator has delivered this great story.
Avid Listener
A superlative reading of the timeless tale. Many have wished that Kipling had developed this tale into a full-length novel, but I personally think that it would have lost something. The author knew what he was doing.
Great Story and Great Reader
WaterRabbit
This is one of my favorite stories, I saw the film when I was a kid, have the book on my Kindle for PC and just finished this audio version. The audio was well recorded and the narrator did a great job, not just reading but acting out each part. She took a great story and made it better, Kipling would be proud, Thank You, Joseph W. aka WaterRabbit, Cape Cod, MA, USA 100% CapeCodMediaKing Approved
Free Listens review
Sayeth
Phillipa has a beautiful British accent. She reads with a steady pacing, slow enough to take in the words easily, though some people may wish for a faster read. Her dialect for the two con-artists' voices adds character to the recording, though at first I found it hard to understand. The recording is as crisp and clear as one could ask for. Full review at http://www.freelistens.blogspot.com.
Very Well Done!
What a great and terrible story! Phillipa's reading of it was perfection and can be held up as an example of what all Librivox contributors should strive for. Mr. Kipling would be very proud! I'm off to watch the movie now and I hope it will be as good as this is.
interesting story
the reader is quite good and it doesn't seem to matter that a woman is playing the part of 3 men. I had not heard this story before so it was a surprise to me. I think some of the references to tribal disputes still apply today.
well worth the time
A very interesting, compelling short story along the lines of King Solomon's Mines wrapped in a storytelling narrative similar to something like Interview with the Vampire. The reader Philippa does a fantastic job. I would absolutely seek her out again.
Updated: Oct 30, 2008 | BookDesign

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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JACKSON HOUSE • 35-53 77th Street
Built in 1937 to designs by Morris Rothstein & Son, the six-story-and-basement Jackson House (formerly known as Pauldor Court) is among the later apartment buildings erected in the historic district. Typical of that phase of development, the building has a deep entrance court which breaks up its street front into two sections.
77th Street — East Side Faced in red brick with white trim, the building is neo-Georgian in style. Elements which are typical of the style include the projecting gabled brick entrance porch with stone quoins, brickwork imitating quoins and rustication, brick band courses, arched window openings at the first story, tripartite windows in segmental relieving arches with swags at the second story, gables with oculi at the roofline, and parapet balustrades. Brick walls and pedestals flank the entrance to the court.
Building Department Records
Elevator Apartments / Cooperative (D4) 53 units / Community District 403 / City Council District 25 / Police Precinct 115 / Block/lot: 1277/50 / Apartment Building Date / 6 stories with basement / Morris Rothstein & Son, Architect / Neo-Georgian / E. Scappinato, Developer


The Creation Science Society of Milwaukee is an apologetics (i.e., Christianity-defending) ministry, dedicated to enabling Christians to defend their faith and to proclaim the gospel of Jesus Christ effectively. We focus particularly on providing answers to questions surrounding the book of Genesis, as it is the most-attacked book of the Bible. We also desire to train others to develop a biblical worldview, and seek to expose the bankruptcy of evolutionary ideas, and its bedfellow, a "millions of years old" earth (and even older universe).
The Creation Science Society of Milwaukee teaches that "facts" don't speak for themselves, but must be interpreted. That is, there aren't separate sets of "evidences" for evolution and creation—we all deal with the same evidence (we all live on the same earth, have the same fossils, observe the same animals, etc.). The difference lies in how we interpret what we study. The Bible—the "history book of the universe"—provides a reliable, eye-witness account of the beginning of all things, and can be trusted to tell the truth in all areas it touches on. Therefore, we are able to use it to help us make sense of this present world. When properly understood, the "evidence" confirms the biblical account.
For an elaboration of our presuppositional thrust check out Get Answers —for example, learn how the Bible offers the best explanation of the world's geology, anthropology, and astronomy.


© 1993 Francis Douglas. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the written permission of the copyright holder.
[Preface]This study was undertaken in order to investigate the activities which took place in Irish pre-schools other than those within the formal school system. The principle focus of the research concerned the degree to which the  pre-school children were being 'cognitively stretched' by the curriculum in which they were engaged. The social, linguistic, physical and creative development of these children was also considered.An historical review of the theory of play and recent research in this area was undertaken.Twenty-three pre-schools were taken at random from the membership list in Cork city and county of the Irish Pre- School Playgroups Association. One pre-school which was not a member was added. Prior to embarking upon the  study, a history of the I.P.P.A. was given.The ethnographic research strategy was found to be the most suitable method of assessing empirically the nature and frequency of play in the pre-school. This study, which took place between 1986 and 1990, was therefore  eclectic in nature, employing a multi-faceted approach encompassing a target child observational schedule,  interviews, a study of classrooms, a questionnaire and an interaction analysis system.Briefly, the results showed that the 157 children engaged in this study were being cognitively stretched for approximately one quarter of the time if they were in a playgroup and approximately one half of the time if they were in a Montessori setting. Social and linguistic behaviour was limited by the actions of the pre-school leaders  and physically or creatively challenging behaviour was rarely observed. The fact that the children played alone for  half of the total time spent in the pre-school was most striking.The most important finding to emerge from the study of language in the twenty-four pre-schools was the fact that the children rarely communicated verbally. Dialogue was almost non-existent and children's questions were very sparse. In order to place the above in a National context, a questionnaire was sent in 1990 to a random sample of one hundred I.P.P.A. members in the 26 counties of the Republic of Ireland. Unfortunately, only 39 responded.  However, of note was that approximately 25% of playgroup leaders had degrees and four-fifths of them were  mothers in their mid-thirties. They strongly disagreed with the teaching of the 3Rs and felt that much more  government money should be devoted to playgroups and in-service training for their personnel.
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Search Reviews /
The Definition of Wind
4¼ Stars
Author: Ellen Block
Review by: Maria
Genre: Mainstream
Abigail Harker has been living in the caretaker's cottage of the lighthouse on Chapel Isle for almost a year. Having run away from the tragic events of her life in Boston, she's been content being secluded in this sleepy little town in the Outer Banks of North Carolina. But summer has arrived and with it come sweltering temperatures and crowds of tourists who are turning the town upside down and making Abby's life crazy.
Everyone's talking about a sunken treasure in the treacherous shoals off the coast and supposedly clues to its exact location are hidden somewhere in the caretaker's cottage. When Abby becomes the focus of everyone's attention, including those of a handsome vacationer, it becomes difficult to tell who's harmless. Not everyone has good intentions.
As Independence Day gets closer, Abby must decide between staying on Chapel Isle and risking heartbreak and her safety or on allowing the ghosts of her past and the real dangers of the present to drive her away.
The Definition of Wind by Ellen Block is the entertaining and engaging follow up to her book, The Language of Sand. Not realizing there had been a previous book with these characters, I began this book somewhat at a disadvantage but discovered I was able to enjoy it on its own. Ms. Block's writing style is very tight and while there are references to events from the previous book, it was easy to follow the events as they unfolded and to understand the characters and their growth. Her love of the English language and words in general, also shines throughout the story.
Abigail Harker is a woman hiding from the tragedy in her life, both her husband, Paul, and young son, Justin, perished in a house fire. Moving to Chapel Isle, her husband's favorite summer retreat as a child is a chance to start over. Only Abigail hasn't moved on, she's still stuck in the past and can't get past the tragedy in her life. She's become a recluse, only shops online and seldom leaves the caretaker's cottage. She hadn't planned on the extreme heat of summer forcing her out of the house or on the huge crowd of tourists forcing her out of her shell. Ms. Block did an excellent job of taking us through Abby's metamorphosis from a recluse in hiding to a woman fully engaged in the happenings of Chapel Isle. Told in first person, we get everything from Abby's perspective and its thought provoking, bittersweet and occasionally funny. While Abby is occasionally snarky about her situation, she's never mean and is at heart a genuinely nice person.
The secondary characters are mostly the townsfolk of Chapel Isle with the addition of a tourist who turns out to be nothing like what he seems. I especially liked Lottie Gilchrist, the owner of Chapel Isle's real estate company, who leases out all of the summer properties and is Abby's landlady. The relationship they have is quite amusing and Lottie is a pretty sharp businesswoman. We also get to watch Abby's relationships with Ruthie, a waitress in town, who's her closest friend, her relationships with Merle, who owns the town hardware store and serves as Chapel Isle's unofficial mayor, and Sheriff Laner, the town's version of law enforcement, who's indebted to Abby for keeping silent about some of his troubles. Every relationship evolves throughout the story. I liked how Ms. Block forced Abby to interact with the people in town; it forced her to get to know them and in the process she learned about herself.
The antagonist of the story is the tourist from out of town, Tim Ullman, who is not what he seems. While he does appear to have an interest in Abby as a woman, he's really after something else and his dark intentions are quite dangerous. While this part of the story is not as well developed as it could have been, it does highlight Abby's vulnerabilities and also makes her think about having a relationship with a man again. This is something which will come in handy when Abby deals with the love/hate relationship she has with Nat Rhone, a fellow newbie to town, who she interacts with throughout both books.
The end of the story revolves around Abby solving the mystery of who's been breaking into the caretaker's cottage and what she does to save both herself and the "treasure". All of the secondary characters are involved and it's great to see the townspeople come together and accept Abby as one of their own. Overall this was a very enjoyable story and though it starts out a little slow, it picks up speed and ends on a very happy note. I look forward to reading more of Ms. Block's work and wonder if we'll see Abby and the people of Chapel Isle once more.
Book Blurb for The Definition of Wind
Independence: the freedom to be yourself—or a day for fireworks, depending on your point of view
Summer has come to Chapel Isle, the quaintly quirky island that Abigail Harker has called home since she moved into the caretaker's cottage at the local lighthouse. The season ushers in sweltering temperatures, along with throngs of tourists who are turning the sleepy town into pandemonium. The world Abigail fled after tragedy struck is descending upon her doorstep, and she isn't sure she can stand the heat.
Tourists and natives alike are buzzing about a sunken treasure in the treacherous shoals off the coast, and clues to its location are supposedly hidden in the caretaker's cottage. Soon Abigail is the focus of everybody's attention, including that of a handsome, seductive bachelor. Amid the swarm of vacationers, it's hard to tell harmless visitors from those harboring dark intentions.
As Independence Day nears, Abigail must decide: Should she stay on Chapel Isle—risking another heartbreak and even her own safety—or allow the ghosts of her past and the dangers of the present to chase her away?
Night Owl Reviews Aug, 2011 4.25
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< Back to Labor Relations's main page
Employer's Right to Prohibit Employees' Use of Work Email for Nonbusiness Purposes Re-established by NLRB Decision
Employees no longer have a right under the National Labor Relations Act ("NLRA") to use employer-provided email during nonwork time for union organizing purposes.
In Caesar's Entertainment d/b/a Rio All-Suites Hotel and Casino, 368 NLRB No. 143 (Dec. 16, 2019), the National Labor Relations Board ("NLRB" or "Board") held that an employer may prohibit employees from using employer-provided computer resources to "[s]end chain letters or other forms of non-business information," largely reinstating the legal doctrine earlier articulated in Register Guard, a 2007 NLRB decision. The NLRB majority overturned an intervening Board case, Purple Communications Inc., issued in 2014 during the Obama administration, that held that employees have a statutory right to use employer-provided email during nonwork time for "concerted protected activity" under Section 7 of the NLRA, including union organizing, previously reported here.
The issue in Caesar's Entertainment was the appropriate balance between an employer's property right in controlling use of its equipment and an employee's right to form, join, or assist a union, and to engage in other "concerted activity" that is protected by Section 7 of the NLRA.
The Board noted that the United States Supreme Court has long held that employer property rights must yield to NLRA rights where it is necessary to avoid creating an "unreasonable impediment to the exercise of self-organization." The Board ruled, however, that the current technological landscape provides ample methods of communication for Section 7 purposes beyond employer-provided email. For example, the vast majority of employees have smartphones, personal email accounts, and use of social media, each of which can be utilized to communicate for Section 7 purposes.
Further, while employer-provided email may be a particularly convenient way to communicate, the NLRA does not compel an employer to provide the "most convenient or most effective means of conducting [Section 7] communications."
Accordingly, and contrary to one Board Member's dissent, the Board majority found that "an employer does not violate the Act by restricting nonbusiness use of its [information technology] resources absent proof that employees would otherwise be deprived of any reasonable means of communicating with each other, or proof of discrimination."
Significance for Management and Next Steps
Employers in private industry may now lawfully prohibit employees' use of employer-provided email for nonbusiness purposes unless:
(1) the employees have no other reasonable way to communicate with each other regarding potential union organizing and other NLRA Section 7-protected, concerted activity; or,
(2) there is proof of discrimination by the employer in enforcing its rules selectively against Section 7-protected activity, e.g., union organizing.
Due to the pervasive use of cell phones, employees in the vast majority of workplaces will not be able to argue credibly that employer-provided email is the only reasonable way to communicate, regarding potential union organizing. Prohibiting employees' use of employer provided email for Section 7 activity while allowing use for other nonbusiness purposes likely will be found to violate the NLRA (note that executives, managers and supervisors are not entitled to the protections of the NLRA).
Employees in many, if not most, workplaces frequently use work email for nonbusiness purposes — e.g., to communicate with family, friends, and even coworkers about many topics and activities unrelated to work — without disciplinary penalty. If an employer promulgates a ban on employees using employer-provided email for all nonbusiness purposes, the employer will violate the NLRA if the employer applies it in a discriminatory manner by enforcing the ban only for union organizing or other Section 7-protected activity while allowing employees to use email for other nonbusiness purposes.
Employers should carefully review both their email policies and how those policies are applied in practice to assure compliance with the decision in Caesar's Entertainment.
Please do not hesitate to contact any of our attorneys if you have any questions regarding this issue or would like assistance reviewing and updating your company's email policies.


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Blog Briefing Room - 13m 5s ago
Opinion>Congress Blog>Economy & Budget
The views expressed by contributors are their own and not the view of The Hill
Rail safety remains strong
by Peter Goelz - 08/10/16 8:14 AM ET
Railroads moved more than 528,000 carloads and intermodal units of goods in the week ending July 23. Down 5.3 percent year over year, the numbers are still impressive when you consider the net effect on American life. Within those carloads are food products destined for grocery stores, water treatment materials that purify drinking water and energy sources that help keep the lights on.
"Everything from food to my kids' toys will probably have been shipped by freight at some point," says Eli Lehrer of the R Street Institute.
{mosads}Given its significance to the nation's economy, policy makers must facilitate, not hinder, rail transportation. Unfortunately, the railroads are increasingly faced with government mandates that seemingly disregard the impressive safety record of freight railroads, as well as ignoring the economic growth that partial deregulation has brought. There is a need to set the record straight, and for decision makers to view freight rail without bias.
Government safety statistics paint a rather clear picture. On the mainline rail network, derailments are down 25 percent compared to 2010. Employee injuries have decreased 48 percent in the last 15 years, while the overall train accident rate is 39 percent less today than in 2000. For the transportation of hazardous materials, 99.999 percent of carloads move freely without incident to their destinations.
Consider also the positive effect of just one train taking as many as 200 trucks off the road. It eases congestion, reduces infrastructure wear and tear and increases safety.
Also consider the continued efforts of the industry to train the emergency community and develop resources such as AskRail, a mobile application that provides real time info regarding rail cargo so that if a rare accident occurs first responders know the right steps to take fast.
Railroads have said repeatedly their goal is zero accidents, and they are working every day to achieve that goal. The record reflects the positive progress made.
Yet, several recent policy proposals seem to disregard the railroads' safety record and perhaps mask other broader political agendas.
For instance, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) continues to advance a proposal that dictates crew size operations even though evidence actually points toward single man crews being safer. The costly supposed redundancy, in fact offers no greater level of safety. At best the proposal needs further study before being arbitrarily imposed.
"While the FRA is relying on anecdotes to argue that it would improve safety, there is no data to support its assertion," says John Graham, a former U.S. regulatory czar. "In fact, the FRA acknowledges that the statistical evidence supporting its argument is lacking."
The FRA also is forging ahead with a very expensive mandate to install a technology known as electronically controlled pneumatic brakes, even though evidence again indicates they will not materially improve safety. This system carries an estimated $3.4 billion price tag to be picked up by the private rail companies – without a documented corresponding benefit. In fact, extensive testing of the system proves them unreliable in most situations.
The confusing and anecdotal driven approach has permeated local communities too.
The Spokane city council recently issued a ballot measure that could ultimately fine railroads $261 per carload of coal or crude oil moved through the city. Forget that the proposal is illegal under federal laws regulating interstate commerce, or that railroads must accept the cargo they are presented with. Forget that the residents of Seattle use both coal and oil. The premise sets a dangerous precedent.
Who is to say that the same set of people won't then move on to fining the movement of genetically modified crops, an issue taken on by a state ballot measure in Washington in 2012? There is no guarantee, because like the federal measures, it is not about safety. It is about taking the back door to shaping broader political agendas, be it hostility towards fossil fuels or to whatever is the identified evil of the moment.
Misguided proposals like these could handicap our still fragile economic growth. New data shows the U.S. economy grew just 1.2 percent in the second quarter. Meanwhile, new data also shows that the railroad sector generated $274 billion in economic activity and $33 billion in taxes in 2014 alone.
While no one is alleging that any one single policy proposal will cripple the industry, thereby diminishing its positive economic impact, the aggregate of regulations could have a real dampening effect in the future. In these less-than-ideal economic times, why should we ignore the safety record of railroads and unnecessarily disrupt an economic engine like freight rail?
Let data drive safety policies, not politics.
Mr. Goelz served as Managing Director of the National Transportation Safety Board from 1995-2000.
The views expressed by authors are their own and not the views of The Hill.
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text:
Search all record types in Northwestern University Archives where
keyword(s): northwestern settlement
James A. Rahl (1917-1994) Papers
Identifier: 17/34
Abstract James Andrew Rahl received his J.D. from the Northwestern University School of Law in 1942. During his early career he was employed with the Litigation Section of the Enforcement Branch, United States Office of Price Administration, and liaison officer to the Joint Congressional Committee to Investigate the Pearl Harbor Disaster. Rahl joined the faculty at the Northwestern School of Law in 1946. He served as dean of the school from 1972 through 1977 and, in 1974, was appointed Northwestern's...
Dates: 1938 - 1995; Other: Majority of material found within 1960 - 1989
Found in: Northwestern University Archives / James A. Rahl (1917-1994) Papers
Names: Rahl, James A. X
Subject: Law--Study and teaching X


text:
Our Installers
Home / Homeowners / News and Media / Case Studies / Thistle Renovate
Thistle Renovate
Tags: | Added: 06 June 2017
Glazerite UK Group Limited customer, Thistle Windows and Conservatories, has supplied three unusual curved windows as part of a large scale period property renovation in Aberdeen, for local installer and long-standing customer, Fitzbuild.
Andy Cadman, Sales Director at Thistle Windows explains: "The granite-built property had its original timber windows which were around 100 years old and the homeowners wanted to replace them with new, more efficient windows. Keen to replicate the original heritage look, which included three curved frames in the upstairs front bedroom, the homeowners contacted Dave Fitzpatrick from Fitzbuild, having seen the quality of his workmanship at a nearby property. Dave has been a regular customer of our trade division for many years and has experience in fitting this type of window before, and was aware of the installation requirements."
The complete project included around 40 windows as well as residential doors, all finished in white. The specialist blending of the VEKA system and glass units for the curved frames were handled by Glazerite's Bolton Division, who arranged for the finished products to be shipped to Aberdeen. Group Director Jason Thompson commented: "We always strive to achieve our customers' requirements, and work with them every step of the way to get the detail right. This installation was a specialist job, where all the glass and units had to be bent, and the finished result is very in keeping with the area and the age of the property; it looks fantastic."
"Glazerite are always ready to take on the challenge of a project which comes with a more complex list of client requirements, and this one was no exception. With a wide ranging product portfolio across 7 profile systems, those projects that may often seem difficult to others can be easily accommodated by the Glazerite team," Jason added.
Award-winning Thistle Windows and Conservatories is Aberdeen's leading home improvement specialist and has been buying VEKA frames from Glazerite since 2013. Visit www.thistlewindows.com or call 01224 706555 for more information.
Bowen Joinery and Glazerite transform Sheffield building
An iconic building in the centre of Sheffield has undergone a makeover thanks to Bowen Joinery Ltd and The Glazerite UK Group Ltd. Exchange Place Studios, in the city's conservation area, is a stunning Art Deco building and as such planners had to approve the installation before it could commence. Home to 60 studio spaces over six floors, the building is residence to over 80 artists and has been regenerated as part of plans to improve the Castlegate area of the city. Local firm, Bowen Joinery Ltd, was appointed to take on the renovation, which took six months and was completed in late 2018. Run by founder, Mark Bowen, the company worked with VEKA fabricator Glazerite who supplied the profile system used in the build. Mark Bowen says: "We used the VEKA M70 profile system of Tilt and Turn windows in Flat Grey, with integrated MACO concealed gearing and Fab&Fix handles. In total, we installed 221 windows, some of which had specially shaped topped frames." However, the installation wasn't without its challenges and was actually delayed for two years due to the discovery of asbestos during a routine survey. With no budget to remove it, the existing panels had to be carefully encapsulated by new panels during the transformation. Mark explains: "We had to carry out work to encapsulate the panels below which were asbestos board, then fit the windows ensuring we didn't go anywhere near the asbestos. This meant adapting the screen walling system from VEKA so we could still use the capping, but on a timber frame behind." Pete Smith, Sales Manager for Glazerite, adds: "We worked with Mark and his team to provide the products in smooth grey Renolit foil to give an appearance that was in keeping with the original. This was of paramount importance for the installation. The windows are now more thermally efficient and user-friendly, with the end result a stunning, well-lit and better environment for the artists to work in."
Added 11 July 2019 | Tags: Commercial, Installers
R9 just the job for Wiltshire home
Wiltshire-based SJ Window Installations has recently completed a domestic project using Residence 9 windows and French doors from leading fabricator, the Glazerite UK Group Ltd. Specifying Clotted Cream on the exterior combined with a White Ash interior, the installation matched an existing R9 window fitted in a previous extension on the property, which is situated in the Wiltshire village of Little Somerford. A total of nine windows and a pair of French doors were installed over five days by Simon Jordan, owner of SJ Window Installations, who was carrying out his first ever Residence Collection project. He says: "This was the first time I've installed Residence 9 though I've used the Halo FlushSash in a number of properties of late. Both are great systems and alongside the R7 - which I also have access to via Glazerite - I have a number of flush sash solutions for customers, whatever their needs or budget." Simon adds: "The marketing done by Residence Collection in support of both R9 and R7 is impressive, and this particular customer found me via the installer search on their website, which is fantastic. "By working with Glazerite, I also have access to their own technical and marketing support which has been invaluable for my business. I'm able to call on them at any time, whether that's to double check measurements for a complex project or the design and build of my website." Giovanni Sangiovanni of Glazerite's Southwest division says: "SJ Window Installations is a great example of an installer who is taking advantage of the marketing available from the Residence Collection. Having a profile on their online installer search facility results in great leads. Simon is passionate about quality and R9 is a premium product that has helped him to deliver a stunning installation." This year SJ Window Installations is celebrating 21 years in business. The installer works across the Wiltshire towns of Marlborough, Trowbridge and beyond, fitting a range of uPVC windows, doors and conservatories sourced from Glazerite.
Added 14 January 2019 | Tags: Residence Collection
Transformation of Burlington House
Oldham-based D&M Windows & Doors Ltd has recently completed the transformation of a Liverpool office building using windows fabricated by The Glazerite UK Group Ltd. VEKA Installer, D&M Windows completed the 7,786 sp ft Burlington House development in Crosby in October 2018. In their first job for Amspec Ltd, D&M Windows installed over 500 VEKA M70 windows in Anthracite Grey, with a white interior. The project took just under five months to complete. Run by father and son team, Mark and Darren Hoolickin, D&M Windows prides itself on providing excellent customer service. Mark says: "The install was a big job but we were able to achieve a high quality install thanks to the supply and fabrication of the excellent M70 product from VEKA and Glazerite" "The final result looks stunning and the Anthracite Grey really gives the building a distinctive edge. We're pleased to have been able to play a part in this project and work once again with the team at D&M Windows." - Peter Smith, Area Sales Manager - Glazerite UK Group
Added 14 November 2018 | Tags: Commercial
Choose a Glazerite installer for quality installations that will last for years to come without compromising on performance.
The Glazerite UK Group Ltd manufacture and supply uPVC Windows, Doors and Conservatories to homeowners across the UK through our network of installers.
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The Ukrainian Railways public joint-stock company (Ukrzaliznytsia) is finalizing approval of a contract with Iran under which Ukrzaliznytsia employees will participate in the construction of a railway in Iran. As Ukrzaliznytsia told the CFTS portal, both parties will sign the document in Kyiv after all the details are finalized.
Cooperation between Ukraine and Iran on railway construction was also discussed during a visit to Iran from 5 to 7 February by a delegation from the Ministry of Infrastructure and Ukrzaliznytsia.
Twenty-seven employees of the Prydniprovska Railway (a division of Ukrzaliznytsia) are expected to travel to Iran to work. Dozens of railway equipment will also be sent.
The first phase of the railway construction project in Iran will be implemented on the Kermanshah-Malayer railway section. It will involving laying 164.5 kilometers of track skeleton on a ballast bed, 41 kilometers of station tracks, and 175.7 kilometers of continuous welded rail, as well as mounting 138 sets of track switches on concrete bars. The estimated cost of the work is USD 2.3 million. In addition, the possibility of construction of a double-track section from Tabriz to Mianeh with a length of 240 kilometers is being considered.
Ukrainian railway workers are expected to perform railway-engineering work in Iran for 1.5 years.
Ukrzaliznytsia may build 1,000 kilometers of railway infrastructure in Iran in accordance with a memorandum that was signed between the Ukrainian Ministry of Infrastructure and the Iranian Ministry of Railways and Urban Development in July 2016.
As reported, Ukrzaliznytsia's Board Chairman Wojciech Balczun announced the signing of the relevant contract in August last year. It was stated at the time that about 100 workers from the Prydniprovska Railway would be sent to Iran.


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Fundraising and Advancement, Nonprofit and Social Impact, Social Justice and Advocacy, Women and Girls
Vice President, Principal and Major Gifts
Planned Parenthood Federation of America
Flexible Location, Preferences of New York City or San Francisco
For more than a century, Planned Parenthood has been one of the nation's leading providers of high quality, affordable health care for people in the U.S. and the largest educator of sexual health in the nation. Planned Parenthood believes in the fundamental right of people throughout the world to manage their reproductive health, regardless of income, marital status, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, age, national origin, or residence. Respect, inclusion, and diversity in all aspects of the organization are essential to delivering on the commitment of Care No Matter What.
Planned Parenthood comprises 49 independent affiliate member organizations, operating under the Planned Parenthood brand with a presence in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA) serves as the national office of Planned Parenthood and provides support for Planned Parenthood affiliates across the country in the delivery of care. The affiliates operate over 600 health centers that provide care for over 2 million people annually. PPFA's international arm, Planned Parenthood Global, supports the educational efforts and health care delivery of partner organizations in 12 countries across Africa and Latin America.
PPFA works to expand access to care – from pioneering research on self-injectable birth control to offering new services for transgender patients, as well as making telehealth services, including medical abortion, available to patients across the country. The organization is leveraging technology, including a relaunched website and a number of other digital properties where, every single day, more than 200,000 people on average are getting accurate, reliable sexual and reproductive health information.
The Planned Parenthood Action Fund (PPAF), a 501(c)(4) organization, supports advocacy and electoral work to defend access to sexual and reproductive health services, including abortion care, through: educating the public about reproductive health and rights; organizing supporters to engage in their communities; public policy and advocacy work, including lobbying; and limited electoral work, as permitted by law.
Planned Parenthood Votes (PPVotes) is an independent expenditure 527 organization, or "Super PAC," that helps advance reproductive freedom through electoral influence. Its work includes unlimited independent expenditures for or against federal candidates, and state election work, as permitted by state law.
The Fights Ahead
Although support for Planned Parenthood has never been stronger, its mission still faces hostility from lawmakers at all levels as well as harmful decisions handed down by state and federal courts.
We see what we're up against. It is likely that the Supreme Court will overturn or decimate Roe v. Wade, and abortion could be banned in more than half of the United States. We're facing the greatest threat to reproductive freedom in a generation.
But we know that millions of people are counting on Planned Parenthood for supportive health care and inclusive sex education — and to fight for their right to access those services. And Planned Parenthood is ready to go all in to protect patients' access to care.
Planned Parenthood has never backed down from a fight, and it is not starting now.
The Vice President (VP), Principal and Major Gifts (PMG) leads the work of the PMG team to raise the necessary revenue to execute the strategic priorities of Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA), Planned Parenthood Action Fund (PPAF), Planned Parenthood Votes (PPVotes), and the Planned Parenthood Federal PAC (PPFedPAC). The PMG portfolio is composed of high-net-worth individual donors and families capable of making gifts of $25,000 or more with an emphasis on relationship building to grow gifts and pledges to six, seven, and eight-figure gifts. As a member of the Senior Development Leadership Team (SDLT), the VP, PMG has a deep personal commitment to, and understanding of diversity, equity, and inclusion, and uses that as a frame to lead PMG and influence the direction of the division overall.
This position interacts with internal and external leaders and must have exceptional leadership and influencing skills. The Principal and Major Gifts team includes more than 30 staff members organized among a frontline fundraising team, a political fundraising team, and an operations team. Other constituents include PMG donors and prospects; PPFA/PPAF senior leaders; Planned Parenthood affiliate CEOs and CDOs; and PPFA, PPAF, and affiliate board members.
While Planned Parenthood will consider a broad range of backgrounds, the ideal candidate will have the following qualifications/experience:
Deep personal commitment to Planned Parenthood's mission and values. Knowledge of relevant issues regarding sexual and reproductive health services, education, and advocacy.
Unimpeachable integrity and high ethical standards; mature judgment in handling sensitive information. Servant leader who is values-driven, committed to personal and professional development, and leads by example. Elevates institutional goals and values beyond personal gain.
Deep understanding of the connections between power; racial, sexual, economic, and gender inequity; and the intersection with reproductive justice. Applies strategies to address how race and gender dynamics impact supervisory relationships, organizational culture, partnerships, campaigns and coalition work, and can demonstrate a history of successfully intervening in problematic dynamics and deepening a racial justice approach within an organization, team, or campaign.
Open and transparent communication style and experience giving, taking, and implementing feedback. Demonstrated contribution toward a positive workplace culture and a feeling of welcoming and belonging for all staff.
Superb written and verbal communication skills, with the presence, demeanor, sense of humor, and comfort level to serve as an inspiring, highly visible ambassador of Planned Parenthood.
Extensive knowledge of individual donor fundraising, including industry standards and best practices.
Empathetic leadership style for managing complex personnel situations and building strong relationships.
Leading a team by prioritizing inclusivity and bringing an equity lens to decision-making.
An emotionally intelligent, values- and results-driven leader who can positively influence staff and collaborate across departments and at all levels of the organization, and provide feedback and coaching to support the achievement of complex goals. Highly skilled communicator, both individually and in large audiences or public communications.
Commitment to the professional development of team members.
Strategic thinker that can translate strategy into actionable plans.
Ability to analyze data to make effective, efficient decisions about donor strategy and process.
Forward thinker with a track record of utilizing new methods of donor engagement and connectivity, who will be driven by innovation in developing philanthropic best practices in the current and post-COVID-19 world.
Ability to function in a rapidly changing environment with shifting priorities.
Commitment to integrating the principles of community-centric fundraising in order to strengthen the organization's fundraising program.
Ability to travel, consistent with public health guidelines.
Successful track record of personally cultivating, soliciting, and stewarding major and principal gifts from individual and institutional donors at the level of six to seven-figures and greater. Strength in prospect discovery and in building effective strategies to compel new major donor investment.
Substantial management experience and demonstrated ability to establish, lead, and drive objectives – particularly in a highly dynamic and evolving environment – while operationalizing equity and setting an equity and justice-rooted strategy for advancement.
Proven ability to work with multi-racial, multi-ethnic, multi-gendered, intergenerational teams and workforces. Significant experience leading a team that centers inclusivity and consensus or other participatory decision-making models. Familiarity with Black Feminist Praxis framework a plus.
Experience fundraising for advocacy/electoral priorities and in a rapid response environment.
Experience navigating challenging donor conversations.
Demonstrated experience working collaboratively with senior-level colleagues, board members, and leadership volunteers on successful development-related activities.
Experience working in a federated/networked organization.
Final offers for this job will be based on capabilities and will be made within the parameters of the PPFA compensation program. Total offer package to include generous vacation + sick leave + paid holidays, individual/family provided medical, dental and vision benefits effective day 1, life insurance, short/long term disability, paid family leave and 401k. PPFA also offers voluntary opt in for Flexible Spending Account (FSA) and Transportation/Commuter accounts.
PPFA values a truly diverse workforce and a culture of inclusivity and belonging. The organization's goal is to attract qualified candidates and encourage applications from all individuals without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, veteran status, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity, or any other characteristic protected by applicable law. PPFA is committed to creating a dynamic work environment that values diversity and inclusion, respect and integrity, customer focus, and innovation.
PPFA participates in the E-Verify program and is an Equal Opportunity Employer.
Planned Parenthood Federation of America has retained the Diversified Search Group for this engagement. Managing Director Gerard F. Cattie, Jr. is leading the search. Click here to express interest and submit your resumes and cover letters. Inquiries, nominations, and applications should be directed via email to gerard.cattie@divsearch.com


2.A plane moves from 9?N40?E to 9?N40?W. If the plane starts at 10 am and takes 8 hours to reach the destination, find the local arrival time.
3. If log 0.317=??? and log 0.318=???. Then find the value of log 0.319.
4.You will be given the bit position values for A, B and C and using the relation (A?B) u C you have to construct the truth table. Then find the corresponding decimal number and choose the right option.
5.Complete the sequence 9,10,11,13,15, __, 21,28.
6.In a certain format TUBUJPO is coded as STATION. The code of which string is FILTER?
7. What is the code formed by reversing the First and second letters, the third and fourth letters and son on of the string SIMULTANEOUSLY?
8.The base 5 representation of the decimal number 2048 is _____.
9.Which is the largest prime number that can be stored in a 9-bit register?
10.Find the physical quantity represented by MOMENTUM *VELOCITY] / [LENGTH * ACCELERATION]?
11.A can do a piece of work in 20 days, which B can do in 12 days. In 9 days B does ¾ of the work. How many days will A take to finish the remaining work?
I cant recollect all the questions but most of them went like this: Find the minimum time in which Henry can get affiliated to the Nambrian Consulate, If Henry starts on Tuesday he gets affiliated on __________ by __________ in the minimum, etc.


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Urinary antibiotic activity in paediatric patients attending an outpatient department in north-western Cambodia.
Antibiotic resistance is a prominent public and global health concern. We investigated antibiotic use in children by determining the proportion of unselected children with antibacterial activity in their urine attending a paediatric outpatient department in Siem Reap, Cambodia. Caregiver reports of medication history and presence of possible infection symptoms were collected in addition to urine samples. Urine antibiotic activity was estimated by exposing bacteria to urine specimens, including assessment against multiresistant bacteria previously isolated from patients in the hospital (a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a multiresistant Salmonella typhi and an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolate). Medication information and urine were collected from 775 children. Caregivers reported medication use in 69.0% of children in the preceding 48 h. 31.7% samples showed antibacterial activity; 16.3% showed activity against a local multiresistant organism. No specimens demonstrated activity against an ESBL-producing E. coli. Antibiotics are widely used in the community setting in Cambodia. Parents are often ill-informed about drugs given to treat their children. Increasing the regulation and training of private pharmacies in Cambodia may be necessary. Regional surveillance of antibiotic use and resistance is also essential in devising preventive strategies against further development of antibiotic resistance, which would have both local and global consequences.


Police have issued an e-fit following a burglary in Milton Keynes earlier this month.
The incident occurred at around 11.20am on Monday, August 14 in Lynmouth Crescent, Furzton.
Two offenders forced entry via the front door and left in a black Audi S3.
Officers have now released the e-fit of a man they would like to speak to. He is described as white, in his late teens or early twenties and around 5ft 9-10ins tall.
If you have any information relating to this case, please call 101 quoting reference '43170241342', or contact Crimestoppers anonymously.


You can create raffle tickets using templates that are available on your computer and in the Internet template galleries. Raffle tickets are usually used for gambling. Each raffle ticket comprises a particular number. See your raffle ticket to make sure it appears at the address you want.
Things to consider before you print your tickets Before you start looking for the perfect way to produce your tickets, it is best to spend a couple of minutes and collect information about your event. For example, a ticket should not be cut in half with the top at the base of a single column and the bottom at the top of the next column. Create a rectangle of the correct size based on the size of the raffle ticket you want to create. The use of completely free raffle ticket templates can help you design the ideal raffle tickets for your organization.
As each ticket already has a distinctive number, all the work has already been done. Raffle tickets are usually numbered sequentially so you can easily calculate the amount of tickets sold. Raffle tickets for printable blank copies are versatile because they can be used for many events, if they are left generic enough.
To attract a large crowd, you can sell tickets in advance and create posters that indicate the purchase price and the reason for organizing the car wash. Raffle tickets can be created in many ways, the section below describes the different options and what each option entails. After handling the numbering problem, you must also end up with individual raffle tickets from the heel.
Enter each of your numbers when you buy the tickets or fill in the rows in case you always play the same numbers. Number each heel exactly the same way you did with the raffle tickets. Creating raffle tickets and tickets is simpler than you can count.
After you decide the best way to print your tickets, you will be close to the conclusion of your search. The next thing is to print the raffle tickets after making sure you are happy with the work. Tip If you are selling raffle tickets, look at the number on the previous ticket. Creating your own tickets for the raffle is an extraordinary job for your next event or grand opening.
The raffle is often used as a synonym for play. A raffle is just one of the funniest and most intriguing elements of a carnival or other event. It is a very popular game that is played in several countries around the world, especially to raise funds for an event or charity. If you have decided to draw is the best way to proceed, we are here to help you. Your raffle can be added to a group of items that you buy or have donated. A raffle is an excellent method of raising money for an excellent cause. In addition to the prizes, the most important point to be able to organize a productive raffle are the striking tickets.
The templates are made to adapt to different fields of commercial activities. You can also use the blank raffle ticket templates which is the best system to create the cards. Simply select a ticket template for the current pre-designed raffle. Use the website's fonts in addition to colors or even images to create tickets that fit your group. Proceed to spend money on the article.


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Book Review|How Victory in the Cold War Led to Tragedy in the Years After
https://nyti.ms/2QS8ABy
How Victory in the Cold War Led to Tragedy in the Years After
Credit...Tom Etherington
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By Noah Millman
THE AGE OF ILLUSIONS
How America Squandered Its Cold War Victory
Andrew J. Bacevich, a trenchant critic of American foreign policy and the author of several studies of international affairs, begins his latest book, "The Age of Illusions," with a quote from Harry Angstrom, the protagonist of John Updike's "Rabbit" novels. "Without the Cold War," Angstrom asked, "what's the point of being an American?"
It's a funny question. America is a young country, but the Cold War is a late episode even in our short history. From Ben Franklin to Langston Hughes, Americans have articulated our distinctiveness in ways that did not implicitly culminate in a twilight struggle with Communism. But the central argument of Bacevich's book is that, for America's major institutions, its ruling class and the intelligentsia that serves them both, Angstrom's question was deeply threatening. Too much was riding, psychologically and financially, on the economic policies, military posture and cultural orientation that had outmatched the Soviet Union. As a consequence, when that pole star suddenly winked out, we didn't consider changing course. We opened the throttle and surged forward in the dark, guided by the illusory stars in our eyes.
Three major illusions led us. First, capitalism's victory over Communism meant that the more unbounded capital was, through freer trade and more open capital markets, the better off Americans — and the world — would be. Second, as America's military superiority was now overwhelming, we had the right, the ability and the obligation to dictate the terms of global peace, and to enforce that peace by making war. Finally, as freedom had proved itself superior to tyranny, Americans no longer had any reason to accept limits on their autonomy, or any reason to worry that other nations might take a different view of freedom than we did. Guided by these illusions, we drove our ship of state straight onto the rocks: We dismantled our industrial base, mired ourselves in unwinnable wars and tore apart the social fabric that bound city to country, worker to employer and soldier to civilian.
It's a compelling narrative, and one congruent with the story of "American carnage" that brought Donald Trump to the White House. Aware of that fact, Bacevich is at pains to stress his disgust at the current president, whom he views as a demagogue capitalizing on the failure of these illusions rather than offering any kind of helpful response. In the course of breezily narrating the deficiencies of the past four presidencies, he breaks periodically to remind the reader what an unedifying spectacle Trump was making of himself at each point in time, and how that spectacle exemplified something ugly about the America aborning.
Yet Bacevich's narrative is also congruent with older critics of America's way of life and its way in the world. Readers of Thorstein Veblen, William Appleman Williams or Christopher Lasch, of which Bacevich is one, would hardly be surprised by the choices America's elites made after the Soviet Union collapsed. And if our national illusions go deeper than one generation, Bacevich's argument becomes an indictment not just of how America handled the post-Cold War period, but also of what America had already come to be by the time the Cold War ended, or even was at its start.
This indictment is ultimately a spiritual one: of obsessive consumption, and freedom defined as escape from restraint rather than self-mastery. Aware of America's need for a great moral mission, Bacevich calls on us to turn that impulse toward fighting climate change, a profound and real threat rather than an illusion. Still, while there are deep American roots for such a call, they constitute a countercultural tradition that stands against what the United States has most readily represented. If America neglected to look inward after the end of the Cold War, as Bacevich wishes we had done, is that a reflection of its failures, or of the natural temptations of our position? History records few if any emperors who willingly set aside power's poisoned chalice.
Meanwhile, though Bacevich doubts whether America's distinctive illusions actually won the Cold War, I wonder whether Mikhail Gorbachev would agree. Would he have been so willing to withdraw peacefully and see his own empire dismantled if he had not, to some degree, taken our professed beliefs at face value? If so, then our case is classically tragic. The very illusions that brought us victory are what powered our subsequent hubris, and nemesis rose from the inevitable disillusion of a world that trusted us in our folly.


If I had to choose one vegetable side dish with the most health benefits, it would be balsamic peppers and onions. The vegetables with the deepest colors have the most antioxidants so you can imagine what this stunning combination can do for your health. It looks fancy but this is a simple, easy recipe that cooks in just ten minutes and oh, the fabulous taste. The first time I made it, I wanted to eat only these delicious peppers for my whole meal.
In this quick and healthy recipe, I add just a pinch of sugar to enhance the sweetness of the peppers and if I could have found a sweet Vidalia onion, I would have used that, so if you can find a sweet onion, it would make this dish even better. You can even add a jalapeno if you like things hot. This easy recipe is the perfect side dish for chicken or fish, added to a pita sandwich, on top of a steak, or even part of a healthy breakfast.
Here are just some of the reasons why you should try these green, red, orange, and yellow quick balsamic peppers: Brightly colored fruits and vegetables contain high amounts of vitamins, antioxidants and minerals, which keep the immune system strong. Green vegetables are high in vitamin C (good for bones, teeth, muscles, and skin), red vegetables are high in vitamin A (for eye health) and lycopene (supports prostate health), while yellow & orange ones are high in carotenoids (protect the heart, lungs, and eyes).
Overall, these combined colored peppers may help protect against heart disease, cancer, memory loss, macular degeneration, and by boosting your immune system, might even help prevents colds and flu. Wait, there's more. Onions have antibacterial properties, help the liver eliminate toxins, and may be better for your heart than red wine!


text:
#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright 2012 The Closure Linter Authors. All Rights Reserved.
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS-IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

"""Unit tests for the aliaspass module."""

# Allow non-Google copyright
# pylint: disable=g-bad-file-header

__author__ = ('nnaze@google.com (Nathan Naze)')

import unittest as googletest

from closure_linter import aliaspass
from closure_linter import errors
from closure_linter import javascriptstatetracker
from closure_linter import testutil
from closure_linter.common import erroraccumulator

def _GetTokenByLineAndString(start_token, string, line_number):
  for token in start_token:
    if token.line_number == line_number and token.string == string:
      return token

class AliasPassTest(googletest.TestCase):

  def testInvalidGoogScopeCall(self):
    start_token = testutil.TokenizeSourceAndRunEcmaPass(_TEST_SCOPE_SCRIPT)

    error_accumulator = erroraccumulator.ErrorAccumulator()
    alias_pass = aliaspass.AliasPass(
        error_handler=error_accumulator)
    alias_pass.Process(start_token)

    alias_errors = error_accumulator.GetErrors()
    self.assertEquals(1, len(alias_errors))

    alias_error = alias_errors[0]

    self.assertEquals(errors.INVALID_USE_OF_GOOG_SCOPE, alias_error.code)
    self.assertEquals('goog.scope', alias_error.token.string)

  def testAliasedIdentifiers(self):
    start_token = testutil.TokenizeSourceAndRunEcmaPass(_TEST_ALIAS_SCRIPT)
    alias_pass = aliaspass.AliasPass(set(['goog', 'myproject']))
    alias_pass.Process(start_token)

    alias_token = _GetTokenByLineAndString(start_token, 'Event', 4)
    self.assertTrue(alias_token.metadata.is_alias_definition)

    my_class_token = _GetTokenByLineAndString(start_token, 'myClass', 9)
    self.assertIsNone(my_class_token.metadata.aliased_symbol)

    component_token = _GetTokenByLineAndString(start_token, 'Component', 17)
    self.assertEquals('goog.ui.Component',
                      component_token.metadata.aliased_symbol)

    event_token = _GetTokenByLineAndString(start_token, 'Event.Something', 17)
    self.assertEquals('goog.events.Event.Something',
                      event_token.metadata.aliased_symbol)

    non_closurized_token = _GetTokenByLineAndString(
        start_token, 'NonClosurizedClass', 18)
    self.assertIsNone(non_closurized_token.metadata.aliased_symbol)

    long_start_token = _GetTokenByLineAndString(start_token, 'Event', 24)
    self.assertEquals('goog.events.Event.MultilineIdentifier.someMethod',
                      long_start_token.metadata.aliased_symbol)

  def testAliasedDoctypes(self):
    """Tests that aliases are correctly expanded within type annotations."""
    start_token = testutil.TokenizeSourceAndRunEcmaPass(_TEST_ALIAS_SCRIPT)
    tracker = javascriptstatetracker.JavaScriptStateTracker()
    tracker.DocFlagPass(start_token, error_handler=None)

    alias_pass = aliaspass.AliasPass(set(['goog', 'myproject']))
    alias_pass.Process(start_token)

    flag_token = _GetTokenByLineAndString(start_token, '@type', 22)
    self.assertEquals(
        'goog.events.Event.<goog.ui.Component,Array<myproject.foo.MyClass>>',
        repr(flag_token.attached_object.jstype))

  def testModuleAlias(self):
    start_token = testutil.TokenizeSourceAndRunEcmaPass("""
goog.module('goog.test');
var Alias = goog.require('goog.Alias');
Alias.use();
""")
    alias_pass = aliaspass.AliasPass(set(['goog']))
    alias_pass.Process(start_token)
    alias_token = _GetTokenByLineAndString(start_token, 'Alias', 3)
    self.assertTrue(alias_token.metadata.is_alias_definition)

  def testMultipleGoogScopeCalls(self):
    start_token = testutil.TokenizeSourceAndRunEcmaPass(
        _TEST_MULTIPLE_SCOPE_SCRIPT)

    error_accumulator = erroraccumulator.ErrorAccumulator()

    alias_pass = aliaspass.AliasPass(
        set(['goog', 'myproject']),
        error_handler=error_accumulator)
    alias_pass.Process(start_token)

    alias_errors = error_accumulator.GetErrors()

    self.assertEquals(3, len(alias_errors))

    error = alias_errors[0]
    self.assertEquals(errors.INVALID_USE_OF_GOOG_SCOPE, error.code)
    self.assertEquals(7, error.token.line_number)

    error = alias_errors[1]
    self.assertEquals(errors.EXTRA_GOOG_SCOPE_USAGE, error.code)
    self.assertEquals(7, error.token.line_number)

    error = alias_errors[2]
    self.assertEquals(errors.EXTRA_GOOG_SCOPE_USAGE, error.code)
    self.assertEquals(11, error.token.line_number)

_TEST_ALIAS_SCRIPT = """
goog.scope(function() {
var events = goog.events; // scope alias
var Event = events.
    Event; // nested multiline scope alias

// This should not be registered as an aliased identifier because
// it appears before the alias.
var myClass = new MyClass();

var Component = goog.ui.Component; // scope alias
var MyClass = myproject.foo.MyClass; // scope alias

// Scope alias of non-Closurized namespace.
var NonClosurizedClass = aaa.bbb.NonClosurizedClass;

var component = new Component(Event.Something);
var nonClosurized = NonClosurizedClass();

/**
 * A created namespace with a really long identifier.
 * @type {events.Event.<Component,Array<MyClass>}
 */
Event.
    MultilineIdentifier.
        someMethod = function() {};
});
"""

_TEST_SCOPE_SCRIPT = """
function foo () {
  // This goog.scope call is invalid.
  goog.scope(function() {

  });
}
"""

_TEST_MULTIPLE_SCOPE_SCRIPT = """
goog.scope(function() {
  // do nothing
});

function foo() {
  var test = goog.scope; // We should not see goog.scope mentioned.
}

// This goog.scope invalid. There can be only one.
goog.scope(function() {

});
"""

if __name__ == '__main__':
  googletest.main()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
KULSEN & HENNIG
DOMINIK KULSEN
Nature's Brilliant Colours
Newsletter No. 41 11/2020
The ABCs of Natural Fancy Coloured Diamonds
In this Edition:
A - Argyle & Antwerp
B - Baby Blue or Baby Pink?
C - The Four Cs and the Fifth C
D - Deep & Dark
E - Expertise & ExExEx
F - Fluorescence
From Our Collection
Dear Customers, Clients and Friends:
An eventful year is drawing to an end.
As always, we are confident that we will all overcome this crisis. And, although common sense is definitely called for, we can still enjoy the little things in life!
In this newsletter, we are starting our series: "The ABCs of Coloured Diamonds" to refresh or complete your knowledge. Enjoy!
Due to current events, and as travel and trade fairs are not possible for us at the moment and it's probably not a good idea to visit you either, we would like to share some new, as well as some existing treasures from our extensive inventory. We have recently added a large number of champagne coloured pairs to our stock. All pairs are in the perfect Hearts & Arrows pattern.
We look forward to hearing from you - and as always, we would be happy to put together offers and selections based on your ideas and customer requests.
With best wishes for an excellent Christmas trade!
Juliane Hennig and the Kulsen & Hennig and Dominik Kulsen AG Teams
Argyle & Antwerp
Argyle - The Argyle diamond mine in North West Australia is, or rather, was, the top source of pink diamonds. It is also known for its large yield of champagne coloured diamonds in the most beautiful shades of brown. The operator of the mine, Rio Tinto, has decided to close down the mine in the near future due to the ever-decreasing yield and the increasing costs of mining.
If you are interested in champagne coloured diamonds with a certificate of origin from the Argyle mine, please contact us!
Antwerp - This city was already a famous diamond centre as early as the 16th century. Although most diamonds today are cut in India, Antwerp is still considered the capital of the world's diamond trade. More than 80% of rough diamonds and 50% of cut diamonds pass through the Hovenierstraat in Antwerp, where many global diamond traders can be found. And while this port city may be best known for its painters and fashion princes, it also has a lot to offer holiday travellers. In this lively seaport town you can, for example, follow in the footsteps of the baroque painter Peter Paul Rubens.
Baby Blue or Baby Pink?
Did you know that up until about a 100 years ago, most people were completely unfamiliar with the idea of assigning a colour to a gender? It was only at the beginning of the 20th century that - and here it comes! - pink was introduced for boys and blue for girls. The change in these colours took place in the mid-1930s with the advent of new military uniforms, blue jeans, and worker's dungarees.
And not just pink and blue dyed clothes have been in fashion since then - the same is true for diamonds! A new blue or pink diamond is often purchased and worked into the original wedding ring to commemorate the birth of a son or daughter.
Natural blue coloured diamonds are among the rarest in the world. They get their colour from the chemical element boron, which is embedded in the crystal lattice during the creation of the diamond. Colour-treated blue diamonds get their colour afterwards through artificial, radioactive irradiation.
In practice, these two can be distinguished as follows: Natural blue diamonds can conduct electricity, but irradiated, and thus treated, diamonds cannot!
Pink diamonds get their colour from the very high pressure and extreme heat found in the earth's interior which shift the levels of the carbon crystal lattice as the diamond is formed. Pink is also among the rarest diamond colours found in nature.
The 4Cs - Colour, Cut, Clarity, Carat - and the 5th C
The 4 Cs - Colour, Cut, Clarity and Carat (weight) - are the quality characteristics that determine the value of a diamond.
Colour: Colourless diamonds are assigned letters ranging from D to Z. The letter "D" stands for the highest quality white colour level. From colour level I onwards, the stones have an increasing colour tone.
Natural Fancy Coloured Diamonds are given the prefix Fancy if they show a clearly visible colour. Example: Fancy Yellow
Cut: A diamond can only display its full brilliance when cut in the right proportions. It depends above all on the skill of the cutter who creates a masterpiece out of a rough diamond. A good cut brings out the fire of a diamond optimally: the light is reflected from one facet to another and shines back through the surface of the stone.
Clarity: Purity, the measure of the inclusions of a diamond, is evaluated by the visibility of these features under 10x magnification. In the case of Natural Fancy Coloured Diamonds, clarity is a less important consideration than the colour, as long as the inclusions do not affect the brilliance of the stone.
Carat: The weight of a diamond is indicated in carats. In the past, diamonds were weighed against the seeds of the carob tree, which weigh 0.2 grams per seed. This is the origin of today's unit of measurement: 1 carat = 0.2 grams.
The weight of diamonds in everyday use can also be given in points: one carat consists of 100 points, so the weight of a diamond of 50 points corresponds to 0.50 carats. Example: A one-point diamond equals 0.01 ct, a ten-point diamond 0.10 ct.
The Fifth "C" - Confidence! The purchase of a diamond and also the purchase of the piece of jewellery made with it is always a matter of trust. Despite the possibility of obtaining certificates, trust and expertise are essential to the diamond trade. This is especially true for coloured diamonds, which can have very different appearances. Anyone who is looking to make some easy money and gets involved with strangers in a seemingly unique and fast transaction usually experiences disillusionment.
Deep & Dark
When grading Natural Fancy Coloured Diamonds, it is not just the colour that counts, but also the colour intensity.
In addition to the names for the colour gradations "Faint" (barely visible) – "Very Light" – "Light" – "Fancy Light" – "Fancy" – "Fancy Intense" – "Fancy Vivid" (bright / lush), there are also "Fancy Deep" and "Fancy Dark". The terms "Deep" and "Dark" are used when a diamond displays a rather dark and muted colour impression.
"Deep" is mainly used for diamonds that contain the colours yellow, orange, or green.
Expertise & ExExEx
A diamond expertise (also called a certificate) is issued by a gemmological institute or diamond expert after a thorough examination of the diamond. The expertise provides information about the authenticity and the quality features that determine identity and value.
The following institutes are internationally the best known and most recognised:
GIA – Gemological Institute of America
IGI – International Gemological Institute
HRD – Hoge Raad voor Diamant
What does "ExExEx" or "Triple X" mean?
An ExExEx diamond or Triple X diamond is a brilliant cut diamond that has an excellent cut, excellent symmetry, and excellent polish. X is the abbreviation for Excellent. Triple X therefore means Triple Excellent. Such a diamond gives off maximum light and fire.
Whether or not a diamond exhibits fluorescence can only be determined under UV light in the dark.
Stones without fluorescence remain dark under UV light. The stronger the fluorescence of a diamond, the more it glows under UV light. Since UV rays are also contained in sunlight, the colour of fluorescent diamonds appears somewhat different under the influence of strong sunlight than under artificial light.
While colourless diamonds usually lose value through fluorescence, this is not always the case with coloured diamonds. Fluorescence can also be interesting, for example, when a yellow diamond shows a yellow fluorescence. This can intensify the colour. How the fluorescence impacts the price of a stone, however, must be examined on a case-by-case basis.
It is interesting to note that all chameleon diamonds are fluorescent. Champagne coloured diamonds also very often show fluorescence.
Fluorescence can appear in different colours too, from a whitish colour, to blue, to yellow.
Baguette / 1.01 ct / Fancy Greenish Yellow Brown / VVS / 6.74 x 4.50 x 3.32 mm
Radiant / 0.47 ct / Fancy Deep Brownish Yellowish Orange / VS / 4.52 x 4.38 x 2.84 mm
Radiant / 0.45 ct / Fancy Vivid Orange Yellow / SI2 / 4.09 x 3.92 x 3.15 mm / GIA
Marquise / 0.38 ct / Fancy Deep Yellow Orange / VVS / 6.52 x 3.74 x 2.58 mm
Brilliant pair / total: 0.75 ct / C2 / VVS - VVS / H&A*
Brilliant pair / total: 1.10 ct / C4 / VS - VVS / H&A*
Brilliant pair / total: 2.09 ct / C5 / SI - VS / H&A*
*The "Hearts and Arrows" pattern (H&A) indicates diamonds that have excellent optical symmetry and thus an outstanding cut quality. It consists of eight hearts and eight arrows, which must be clearly symmetrical and identifiable.
Brilliant / 0.50 ct / Fancy Deep Brownish Orange / SI / 4.83 x 4.84 x 3.29 mm
Oval / 0.72 ct / Fancy Brownish Greenish Yellow / SI1 / 6.90 x 4.40 x 3.03 mm / GIA
Brilliant / 1.05 ct / Fancy Vivid Yellow / VVS2 / 6.51 x 6.54 x 4.02 mm / GIA
Brilliant / 1.21 ct / Fancy Gray / SI / 6.65 x 6.67 x 4.22 mm
Cushion / 0.55 ct / Fancy Deep Olive Green / SI / 4.78 x 4.65 x 3.10 mm
Princess / 1.04 ct / Fancy Brownish Gray / SI / 5.50 x 5.26 x 4.23 mm
Oval / 1.07 ct / Fancy Deep Olive Green / VVS / 7.68 x 5.69 x 3.63 mm
Brilliant / 1.71 ct / Fancy Pinkish Brown / VS / 7.45 x 7.51 x 4.81 mm
Oval / 2.11 ct / C2 / VS / 9.58 x 7.19 x 4.66 mm
Cushion / 3.23 ct / C3 / VVS / 8.71 x 7.80 x 5.51 mm
Marquise / 3.51 ct / C5 / SI / 15.01 x 7.17 x 5.21 mm
Brilliant / 3.51 ct / C2 / VVS / 9.70 x 9.73 x 6.00 mm
Now, you can also follow us on Instagram:
kulsen_hennig
Our next newsletter will be coming your way in spring 2021, but, in the meantime, you can find all our previously published newsletters in our newsletter archive.
KULSEN & HENNIG GbR | POB 2 10 63 | 10122 Berlin | T +49 (0)30 400 55 93 0
www.kulsen-hennig.com | info@kulsen-hennig.com
DOMINIK KULSEN AG | POB 2033 | 8401 Winterthur | T +41 (0)52 212 24 40
www.dominikkulsen.com | info@dominikkulsen.com


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Although it does not get as much attention as other segments of the cleaning industry, professional carpet cleaning is making significant inroads in becoming Greener and more sustainable. Technicians are doing this in a number of ways, from choosing environmentally preferable chemicals and equipment to encouraging their clients not to have their carpets cleaned.
The following analyzes the Green journey the carpet cleaning industry has embarked upon. It should be noted, the word journey is used intentionally. Over time, new technologies, methods, and systems are likely to make carpet cleaning Greener still.
While some Green carpet cleaning chemicals may cost more than conventional products, the differential has been minimized in the past few years. In fact, when discussing costs, many Green advocates say Green cleaning chemicals in general are "cost neutral." By this they mean that if the environmentally friendly chemicals can reduce worker illness or absenteeism (and studies prove they can), as an example, the improved worker productivity that results will eliminate any cost differential.
Additionally, the way chemicals are applied to carpets in the cleaning process has helped make cleaning Greener. Instead of mixing large amounts of chemicals with water in the extractor, most technicians prespray the carpets with chemicals. This tends to reduce the amount of chemical used overall with more chemical used only where it is most needed: on spots, stains, and more soiled areas.
When it comes to Green equipment, the emphasis is on portable hot-water carpet extractors because these are the machines most commonly purchased by building owners and managers of all types of facilities. Further, when we consider the Green evolution of carpet cleaning equipment, we must consider both the portable hot-water extractor and the wand used to clean carpeting.
Older portable extractors can use more than 1.5 gallons of water per minute, and many had relatively poor moisture recovery systems compared to today's machines. This opened the door for mold, mildew, and fungus to develop, damaging carpets and indoor air quality. Some portable extractors are now considered "low-moisture" machines, meaning they help carpets dry within 2 hours, compared to 24 or 48 hours with an older machine (as defined by the Low Moisture Carpet Cleaners Association).
This quicker drying time is accomplished because they use less than a gallon of water per minute and have advanced vacuum systems that more effectively remove moisture from carpets. Additionally, some portables heat the water/solution to 212 degrees (F) at the wand tip. The Green benefit: in addition to expediting drying times, heat improves the effectiveness of cleaning chemicals, meaning less may be required.
In addition to heating water/solution, the wand plays other crucial roles in Greening carpet cleaning. For instance, one new system employs a technology originally associated with aircraft. It is designed to smooth airflow through the wand, which helps boost moisture recovery. In one test comparing this technology to older conventional wands, the amount of moisture removed was as much as 50 percent more than with conventional wands.
One of the goals of Green cleaning is to reduce cleaning's impact on the environment. And if no cleaning is performed at all, cleaning has no impact.
In most commercial facilities, carpets need to be cleaned only twice per year. More frequent cleaning may be unnecessary and increase the negative impact on the environment. A good example of this is carpet cleaning in the executive offices of a company. In some cases, the top executives are "pampered" by having their carpets cleaned as often as once a month. However, typically, the carpets in the executive offices of a company are the least soiled. Accordingly, reducing cleaning frequencies to a couple of times per year or as needed can also help Green carpet cleaning.
Finally, because we have already mentioned Green is a journey, one aspect of carpet cleaning that will soon become a part of that Green journey involves the ergonomics of the equipment. New machines are now being planned that are far more maneuverable, quiet, and easier to use than machines introduced just a few years ago. They work with the user helping to not only reduce cleanings impact on the environment, but on the user as well.
Mark Baxter is an engineer, product manager, and carpet cleaning expert working for U.S. Products, manufacturers of professional carpet cleaning tools, chemicals, and equipment. He may be reached through the company Web site at www.usproducts.com.