"How My Therapist Destroyed My Marriage"- Has this happened to you? "How My Therapist Destroyed My Marriage"- Has this happened to you?
"How My Therapist Destroyed My Marriage"- Has this happened to you?
How my therapist destroyed my marriage is the story of too many people. Have you ever wondered what prompts couples to give up on their marriage? While there are certain events that can push a marriage over the edge, many couples are successfully able to weather a lousy marriage for a long time. Other than infidelity, I have observed that therapy is often the cause for one spouse to throw in the towel and give up. No, I am not referring to bad marriage therapy that often sounds like a screaming match behind closed doors, though that also does its share of damage. I am talking about the effect individual therapy can have on a marriage that is in crisis.
Marriage counseling or individual counseling for an unhappy marriage?
Going to an individual therapist to for marriage crisis advice is more harmful than helpful.
"We've been married twenty years and it has been pretty bad, but now I have no desire to work on the relationship and I am ready for divorce." They went together for years of bad marriage counseling that didn't help, yet they still stayed together. What changed now?
"A few years ago I started seeing an individual therapist ….." The wife was told by her therapist that it would be better to work with her privately and "fix" her own personal problems than it would be to work together on her marriage with the husband. The therapist even asked the husband what he would like his wife to work on. Let's just say that this method was a disaster. She became so attached to the therapist that had encouraged her to "work on herself," and concluded that it was her husband that was the problem. She was done with her marriage and there was no possible way I could even invite her to do couples work with her husband.
While individual therapy is helpful for individuals, it is often counterproductive for couples in crisis going through marital problems.
1) Is your individual therapist advising you about your spouse?
I am amazed at how therapists can draw conclusions about the other spouse without ever meeting him or her. I am always shocked to hear that a therapist will support their client's decision to divorce their spouse without first advising the couple to work together on resolving their conflict. I have heard about therapists who have convinced one spouse to leave the other without even meeting him/her or inviting him/her to join a therapy session!
Although therapists are supposed to be neutral and should take their ego and/or personal agendas out of the session, there are male therapists who have an axe to grind with verbally abusive women and there are female therapists who have a dislike for "controlling" men.
Even if a therapist does not have an agenda, there often seems to be a complete disregard for the big picture: that when you break up a marriage you are often breaking up a family. My heart is broken when I hear about young couples with little kids getting divorced. Such decisions have devastating effects on future generations. As I hear of families breaking apart, I am working with children of divorce who are trying to salvage their own marriages. They did not grow up witnessing a healthy relationship. Even if they were fortunate to not become addicts or to end up in abusive relationships themselves, they are suffering from their parents' inability to repair their own marriage.
Knowing about this phenomenon and the choice that you have for going to marriage counseling vs individual counseling specifically for a marriage that is in crisis, can save your marriage.
I feel so strongly about this because I have heard many stories of marriages that could have been saved had one spouse not been poisoned by his/her therapist about the other. We are not talking about cases of physical abuse or of potential threat to one's life. We are talking about "normal" things that most couples deal with such as yelling, criticizing, blaming, shaming, etc.. While these may all be forms of verbal abuse, they can often be dealt with and couples behavior can change. When both spouses are not present, you can end up like the husband whose individual therapist convinced him that his wife was abusive and that she had a personality disorder. Whether or not it was true, those words had a profound effect on the husband and it forever tarnished the way he viewed his wife. While before he had hope that the relationship could improve, he was now convinced she had a "disorder" and there was no point in trying anymore as she was the one with the problem, not him.
A marriage requires two people, and in order to save it the dynamic has to change. It is rarely only one person's fault. We can trigger some ugly behavior in our spouse but that does not mean that our marriage needs to be trashed. With the right perspective, the desire, and the proper tools it is very possible to save even the worst marriages.
The best way to save your marriage is for both spouses to work on their marriage together. This involves more than solving issues or changing behavior. Couples repair their marriage by learning how to relate to each other in healthier ways. Once that occurs, the problems that arise can be dealt with effectively. That is why it is essential for couples to learn the skills necessary to relate to each other. In most marriages, both partners contribute to the conflict they are experiencing. By not dealing with each other directly, rather seeking individual help, couples shift the focus from where it needs to be. It is common for one spouse to feel that their therapist is able to provide them the warm, understanding, and available presence they are looking for in their marriage. The goal of good couples work is that the spouse can become that presence that the other is looking for, not the therapist.
Am I advising you to to fire your individual therapist? No, but I am advising you to be aware of the issues that may occur if you are seeing one.
Even the most well-intentioned individual therapists can be harmful if they are advising you about your spouse when he/she isn't there. If you are seeing an individual therapist for your marriage, the best thing you can do is focus on your personal issues. Ask them not to make any suggestions about your spouse. Unless there is physical abuse or potential threat to one's life, it is irresponsible for a therapist to encourage divorce without hearing both sides of the story. Even if divorce is not encouraged, it is not helpful when a therapist speaks poorly about your spouse or gives you advice. It leads to insecurity and second-guessing. If you come home disagreeing with your spouse saying, "Well, my therapist said…," then you need to become a little more aware of the influence your individual therapy is having on your marriage.
Ultimately, you and your spouse need to discuss and decide together what is best for your relationship, as you will be the ones to live with whatever decision you make. Although your therapist may be well-meaning, a therapist is a human being and does not always have all the answers, especially if they have only heard half of the story. Trust in the potential that your relationship has to heal, and focus your energy on your marriage. Whatever you do, don't let your therapist destroy your marriage and better yet, don't seek out marriage crisis advice from an individual therapist. Go to good marriage counseling together. So many marriages can be saved if the awareness of dangers of third party involvement is made clear. Save your marriage.
Talk with us about how to prevent a therapist from destroying your marriage and better yet, come work with us in our 2 Day Marriage Restoration Retreat so that you can fix your relationship problems without going through months and months of counseling that may not work or worse yet, make things a lot worse.


On Valentine's Day, many men will do the obligatory dinner and a movie. They will take their dates to see a Rom Com when they would rather be watching Quentin Tarantino. Bring on the flowers and chocolate. Let's balance out Estrogen Day and throw in a discussion about the quintessential film genre for many men, The Western.
I don't like Westerns much. John Wayne made 84 of them, and he didn't arouse my sensibilities except for The Quiet Man (1954) which had The Western plot set in Ireland. In fact, the genre is too predictable, thus boring, if you see enough of them. Go ahead and throw my favorite actors into a Western, and I still don't like them much. Except for….
When it comes to discussing The Western, it's best to begin with John Wayne and then move on to Clint Eastwood. Rio Bravo (1959) is a highly respected John Wayne film starring Dean Martin and Ricky Nelson. John Ford, the director king of Westerns used no close-up shots and began the technique of filming for long periods without dialogue or music. The natural sounds of the wind blowing, horse-clopping, hawk-preying, big sky western landscape fills the observer with the realism of the setting. I love feeling as though I'm right there in the picture with the characters. Many modern Westerns employ Ford's technique such as Best Film Oscar winner, No Country for Old Men (2007) and Best Cinematography/Best Actor Oscar winner, There Will Be Blood (2007).
Rarely does a score enter the interior of these films. It is creepy. Men in the West are lonely and gritty. You survived if you were tough enough. That's it. Whiskey and a whore-filled saloon was as good as life got. In the classic John Ford films, if the "whore" is Angie Dickinson, why not?
Moving on to Clint Eastwood, I know I'm supposed to like A Fistful of Dollars or The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. It's the score that makes the movie memorable. (If you agree, take a look at my Dec. blog, "It's the Score that Makes the Movie"). I admire Ennio Morricone. He's made over 400 film scores in his long career. The term "spaghetti western" comes from the sound of Morricone, who hates the term as well as his score for B westerns which made Clint famous. The sound of whistles, clocks ticking, and orchestral sweeps are iconic.
I like the music more than the movie. If you love Quentin T. films, the sound of the spaghetti western is prevalent in his Kill Bill films.
A classic Western I do love stars Clint Eastwood in Two Mules for Sister Sara (1970). Shirley MacLaine portrays a whore who pretends to be a nun and outsmarts everyone in the film. A rare treat in a man's movie where the woman ends up on top.
I reckon my favorite Clint Eastwood Western is the one where he's behind the camera in Unforgiven (1992).
It is a great film for every reason a film is great.
I can't say I'm impressed with Kevin Costner's acting abilities, but who doesn't like Dances with Wolves (1990)? It was his first shot at directing and he scored big. The score, the screenplay, the acting, all marvelous and on my top ten favorite movies of all time. I cry every time the coyote, Two Socks, is killed, and I'm completely swayed to the Native American side of the story. Costner's Open Range (2003) was a good Western for me, too, with Robert Duvall being Robert Duvall and Annette Benning acting marvelously as usual. The plot wasn't original, but I liked the acting and the scenery of the Canadian plains.
What's the best cinematography in a Western? In 2007 (a big year for Westerns!) the most "artful" Western vote for me goes to The Assassination of Jesse James starring Brad Pitt and Casey Affleck and produced by Ridley Scott. The cinematography is outstanding. To create the feel of the era, the shots were filmed as though you looked at a daguerreotype. Notice the palette of black and brown. The tint on the camera lens creates that antiquated feeling. The time-lapse sequences, the blurred edges, the filming of the train sequence at night, many tricks of the camera that created an artful composition for which I really respect. The movie score was depressing, and the movie overall is too heavy to watch over and over, but I loved the cinematography.
Well, shoot. I guess I don't mind Westerns after all.
What are your favorite Westerns? How about some of your least favorite?
I hope that those smelly cow-pokes weren't wearing their spurs…….
LOL. Which Western do you like?
I'm not a huge Western fan, but I do like John Wayne simply for the reason that my grandfather loved the man. Every time i see Wayne I think of my grandfather. I remember liking the film The Cowboys when i was little, but can't remember much about it.
Yes, it was one of the only (3?) of his westerns where John Wayne dies. I loved the score–what a surprise! John Williams. I remember as a pre-teen A. Martinez was a cutie for me, and Slim Pickens always a hoot to watch. Yes, the men in my life as a girl adored John Wayne. He was the epitome of what a real man was….
My grandfather had a large picture of him in the basement. it always scared the crap out of me late at night.
I like the Robert Altman's "McCabe & Mrs Miller, (1971) with Warren Beaty & (the utterly gorgeous) Julie Christie (who plays a "whore"- not a term I like btw, altho i know it's apt discussing the world of westerns) The music by Leonard Cohen, and its a beautiful film. Waren plays a guy, (cynical yet kind of decent sort of guy, kind of what we Irish call "a chancer' & way, way out of his depth) falls in love with said whore, and gets in a whole heap of trouble. Music by Leonard Cohen, and is perfect. Photography. ideas, and everything else about it stunning, Altman as director, quiet style, un-showy yet highly original, he did everything slightly differently to everyone else. he was an unmitigated genius really. The whole thing understated, yet amazing, and ineffably sad. See it, if you haven't already. I love it.
I've not seen it! Awesome suggestion. I admire Altman very much. M*A*S*H and Gosford Park!
and Nashville ! It's one of his most famous (about the C&W music scene in that city) He made it 1975, but I only saw it 3-4 years back. watching it (its quite slow moving and very still, but kind of hypnotic i think) that's pretty much came to the conclusion that he really was a genius. he does things with the camera, and with actors, and with sound design in fact. He was unique i think, and honestly about 25 years + ahead of his time.
I appreciate your comments. I will check out Nashville. Thanks!
Very nice write up! I'm a very picky western watcher but you mentioned some of my very favorites. My all time favorite western is "Once Upon a Time in the West". You really need to check it out if you haven't seen yet. But I also love the spaghetti westerns and "Two Mules" is wonderful. Have you seen "My Name is Nobody"?
I am with you on John Wayne. I know this is blasphemous to some, but he has never been a big favorite of mine.
Nope. I haven't seen "Once Upon a Time in the West" or "My Name is Nobody". I'll put that on the list. I'd rather watch science fiction or classics or even foreign films…anyway, thanks for stopping by!
Give them a watch. Both are westerns but they're very different than "traditional" westerns. Really solid films. I'd love to hear your take on them.


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Comfort To Me Tour
Great American Music Hall
Doors: 8:00PM | Show: 9:00PM
Click here for more dates and times
There is a 8 ticket limit per customer.
IMPORTANT - PLEASE READ
The city & county of San Francisco has mandated that we must require proof of full vaccination for all guests and that masks must be worn at all times (except when eating & drinking). Please read our full FAQ before you purchase tickets: https://gamh.com/faqs/
ADVANCE: GENERAL ADMISSION
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Goldenvoice Presents
Ben Böhmer (Live) – Begin Again Tour – San Francisco
CRi (DJ Set)
at Great American Music Hall
ADVANCE: GENERAL ADMISSION(18+)
Amyl & the Sniffers, the Melbourne, Australia rock band fronted by Amy Taylor, released their sophomore album Comfort To Me a few weeks ago via ATO Records/Rough Trade to a massive reception. The record hit #1 on Billboard's Alternative New Albums chart, #2 on both Heatseekers and Top New Artists Albums, #4 on Independent Albums, #7 on Rock Albums, #9 on Alternative Albums, and made the top 20 on the Album Sales chart. Across the pond has made BBC 6 Music's Album of the Day, and on the band's home turf it was named Triple J's Featured Album of the Week.
Now, after a triumphant release from the world's longest lockdown in Australia, Amyl & the Sniffers announce their long-awaited return stateside for a U.S. 2022 tour. In addition to the band's previously announced show at Music Hall of Williamsburg in December which sold out in less than one day, the Sniffers will tour Spring 2022.
Comfort To Me, which was co-produced by the band and Dan Luscombe, is the follow-up to Amyl & the Sniffers' critically acclaimed 2019 self-titled debut album, which won Australia's esteemed ARIA Award for Best Rock Album and saw the band tour their anarchic and ridiculously fun live show internationally for the past two years. With its lyrics largely written during the Australian Bushfire season, when The Sniffers were already wearing masks to protect themselves from smoke in the air, Comfort To Me came together in a 3-bedroom apartment where the four band members quarantined together during COVID-19 lockdown. The result is a less spontaneous and more darkly considered record that masterfully captures the essence of the band like never before. "This album is just us — raw self expression, defiant energy, unapologetic vulnerability," says Taylor. "It was written by four self-taught musicians who are all just trying to get by and have a good time."
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Pa'i Foundation is offering a ʻOhe Kāpala Earrings Workshop with Nalu Andrade of Na Maka Kahiko.
This workshop will be during the Pa'akai Marketplace on Friday and Saturday, December 21 & 22.
$15 for instruction and materials.
or www.paifoundation.org/events for more events.


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X Leymotrix Khark. & Prob.
Thelepogon Roth ex Roem. & Schult.
X Tritordeum Asch. & Graebn.
Vulpiella (Batt. & Trab.) Andr.


was buried in the Lees vault at Monkstown Church.
Georgina lived between London and Stillorgan Cottage after the death of her husband.
to Jules and Georgina at Stillorgan Church. The couple had three daughters.
dedicated the book to her mother. The couple had one son who was killed in WW1.
to English and died at Lowdes Street, the house of his mother in May 1902 aged 54.
is a memorial to Constance in Stillorgan Parish Church. The couple had six children.
Viscount Iveagh's youngest son. The couple had four children.


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Apple set to launch an OLED MacBook next year
bruce lee January 11, 2023 2 min read
According to supply chain analyst Ming-Chi Kuo, Apple is set to ship its first OLED MacBook next year (2024).
Currently, all MacBooks have used LCD panels, and the latest 14- and 16-inch MacBook Pros use mini-LED and ProMotion. So OLED would be a huge move for Apple. And it's kind of surprising that it has taken them this long to make an OLED MacBook, to be quite honest. Since the iPhone has been OLED since 2017.
Kuo did not specify in his tweet storm whether this OLED MacBook would be a Pro or an Air. However, display industry analyst Ross Young did state last month that Apple was planning to introduce a new 13-inch MacBook Air with an OLED display in 2024. Ross is also expecting Apple to release 11.1-inch and 13-inch iPad Pro models with OLED displays next year.
OLED makes sense for a MacBook Air
Since the MacBook Air was first shown off in 2008 – when Steve Jobs took it out of an envelope – it has always stood for a super thin and light laptop. So using OLED on the MacBook Air would make lots of sense here. OLED allows Apple to make a thinner device, as well as foldables. But OLED is thinner and it doesn't overheat like some other display technologies.
So even though an OLED MacBook Air would mean a higher price, and it's really "Pro's" who would really want an OLED laptop, it does make a lot of sense to put it into an Air. Now the price point would be interesting. Since the new M2 MacBook Air is already priced at $1,199. OLED is a lot more expensive than LCD, so we could see it getting closer to $1,499 for an entry-level laptop.
See also The brand new Apple AirPods Pro (2nd Gen) are now $235
2024 is shaping up to be an exciting year for Apple products, even with 2023 being a pretty boring one. Outside of the much anticipated and rumored AR/VR headset.
Tags: Apple Launch MacBook OLED Set Year
TikTok fixed its two-factor authentication glitch
Best Material You Android apps – updated January 2023


"Baby I've been trying every single day"
Music is such a powerful tool. Something that can make people feel emotions and minds wander based off of the work that is displayed by an artist or group. The ability to connect with people through the music determines how far a group can go and how many people they will touch. Redwood Honey can go as far as they want with their new song "Show Me Love".
Redwood Honey displays musical brilliance with their new song "Show Me Love". It's an acoustic ballad that the world can connect to. The vocal performance is masterful in the way it's used as an instrument to evoke emotion, as it sings the heartfelt lyrics that you feel with every word being sung from beginning to end.
Redwood Honey's "Show Me Love" is everything that makes people fall in love with music. The production sets the perfect tone, as the vocal performance has the right amount of vulnerability to it that it instantly grabs you in and show love, and the song writing is the icing on the cake that makes this record stellar across the board.
Check out Redwood Honey "Show Me Love" below and follow them on Twitter. Stay Global my Friends!


Imagine an unspoilt island within a Marine National Park, deserted beaches of pure white sand that extend for miles, sparkling turquoise seas crisscrossed by local dhows plying their trade, sunny days and star studded night and you have Azura at Benguerra Island off southern Mozambique.
A kaleidoscope of colour greets you above and below the ocean. Magnificent reefs for diving and snorkelling, home to the turtles that nest on the island's outer shores, migrating whales, dolphins, and the elusive and protected dugong ply these waters, along with marlin, sailfish and tuna to tempt the sports fishermen. On land, towering sand dunes give way to indigenous bush abundant with local flora and fauna, an interesting variety of birdlife, as well as the odd crocodile or two at the lakes. The island's local people make for fascinating cultural encounters, and the starry night sky is quite magnificent to behold.
There are 16 one, two or three bedroom villas all furnished in afro-contemporary style and look out over a stunning infinity pool towards the beach and sea beyond. Air-conditioning and fans, king size bed with down duvets, Egyptian cotton sheets, and oversize mosquito net (some can be configured as a twin), bathroom with feature shower, dressing area, and separate toilet, outdoor his and hers showers, Mozambican Butler-host service, mini bar and tea/coffee making facilities, large private undercover deck and beachside sala.


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HomeArticles posted by James Gordon
Author: James Gordon
Huskies pitching outlasts Terps, Maryland to play in elimination game
June 4, 2022 June 4, 2022 James Gordon Game Recaps
With the stage set Saturday evening for a duel between two of the strongest teams east of the Mississippi, Maryland and UConn quickly became deadlocked in an intense duel between a couple of respective first team all-conference pitchers.
First Team All-Big Ten pitcher Jason Savacool and First Team All-Big East pitcher Pat Gallagher clashed at The "Bob" in the heat of an early June day, but after Savacool's exit after the sixth, the Huskies took off while the Terps' fuse fizzled out. The game ultimately ended in UConn's favor, with the Huskies winning, 10-2.
The Huskies got to scoring immediately, crushing back-to-back home runs against Savacool to leadoff their half of the first inning. The solo shots, coming from David Smith and Erik Stock, respectively, gave Gallagher a very early lead to work with, and for the first four innings he was able to keep the Terps mostly at bay.
While on the theme of solo home runs, Maryland's first strike of the night was a Kevin Keister solo home run that he crushed well beyond the right field wall to bring the Terps within a run.
A couple of innings later, Ian Petrutz came up with a big-time RBI to score Maxwell Costes and even the score, 2-2. Petrutz was coming off a three-hit, five RBI performance against Long Island University Friday night, and has continued to prove himself as a potent threat in the bottom of Maryland's order.
Up to that point in the game, Savacool had nearly matched his counterpart's performance on the mound, keeping his confidence high and limiting the Huskies to the two early solo blasts. Outside of both pitchers giving up a pair of runs, they both gave up seven hits, and Savacool had just one more walk than Gallagher.
Quite the pitchers duel.
However, the anti-climatic difference-maker in the game came in the bottom half of the fifth, when a fielder's choice groundout to first base allowed Stock to score from third. The play before that may have been an even bigger difference-maker than the run-scoring groundout itself, as wise base running from Stock allowed him to get from first to third on an infield single.
If anyone kept UConn's offense in the game the whole nine innings, it was easily Stock. By the end of the night, he reached base four times (double, home run and two walks), and scored all four times.
Following that go-ahead run, Savacool cruised through the sixth, emphatically striking out Zach Bushling for the third out en route to an applause-filled exit from his start.
The game may have been decided after UConn's go-ahead run in the fifth, but with Savacool gone and Nigel Belgrave entering in the seventh, the Huskies were dead-set on grabbing some insurance.
After allowing the first two Huskies to reach base, Belgrave nearly put an end to the rally with two straight strikeouts that had the sellout crowd erupting. But on the very first pitch redshirt junior Matt Donlan saw, a three-run home run was crushed well over the batter's eye as the Huskies got their insurance with a 6-2 lead after seven innings.
From then on, the Terps struggled to produce anything on the offensive side, the only glimpse of a comeback coming on a dropped ball error by Huskies right fielder Casey Dana. Two quick outs abruptly ended the rally, and the game became virtually out of reach after the Huskies picked up four more runs later in the inning.
Petrutz would add on to the Terps' score in the ninth — hitting a three-run home run to cut UConn's lead to five — but Maryland could not muster up a big enough miracle to push past the Huskies.
With the loss, Maryland now faces Wake Forest in an elimination game Sunday at 1:00 p.m.. Should the Terps reign victorious, it would set up a rematch with UConn.
College Park Regional Preview
June 3, 2022 James Gordon Series Previews
For the first time in program history, The "Bob" will be hosting a NCAA Regional.
As the No. 15 seed in the nation, Maryland welcomes a treacherous field of opponents into the College Park Regional, hoping to pick up where last year's squad left off and renew its College World Series aspirations. The field includes a Wake Forest team lined with dangerous bats, a Connecticut team loaded with pitching, and a Long Island University team that recently won its conference tournament.
Coming off a disappointing end to the Big Ten Tournament in which they lost two of their three games (outscored by eight runs), the Terps turn their attention to the Long Island Sharks when the teams butt heads in game one Friday evening.
The winner of that matchup will face the winner of Wake Forest and Connecticut, who play each other in Friday afternoon's slot. To get a better grasp at the competition Maryland faces Friday and what it might face later in the weekend, here's a brief preview of each opposing team in the College Park Regional.
Long Island Sharks (37-19, 18-9 NEC)
The No. 4 seed Sharks are the Terps' game one competition, and after winning their conference's tournament to clinch a spot in the NCAA Championship Bracket, Long Island has plenty of momentum behind it. Since LIU merged its Brooklyn and Post programs into one under the Sharks in 2019, the team's 37 wins this season was the most in program history.
The Sharks didn't have much of an outstanding offense — ending the season dead in the middle of the Northeast Conference in just about every hitting category. The one category they dominated the conference in — and what could prove to be their deadliest skill at the plate — is walks. The Sharks walked 313 times in 2022, 68 times more than the next best team in Mount St. Mary's. While they might not dominate with the bat itself, elite plate discipline and the ability to manufacture runs through walks could be Long Island's secret weapon against the Terps.
Hitters to Watch:
For the most part, the Sharks' lineup has mostly been a revolving door of batters with only six players starting just about every game this season. The two most impactful bats of that group have been graduate student Michael Edelman and senior Giovanni Ciaccio. Both players have nearly identical slash lines, with Edelman at .326/.419/.496 and Ciaccio at .310/.436/.478.
The Sharks aren't necessarily a long ball-dependent team, but if there's going to be one player to send a ball or two over the fence in the College Park Regional, look to junior EJ Exposito, who has a team-leading 13 home runs.
Pitchers to Watch:
With the Sharks most likely sending out their typical Friday starter for game one against Maryland, the Terps might have a lot of work to do to move on in the regional. Senior Joshua Loeschorn is second on the team with a 3.02 ERA, and he has struck out 102 batters compared to 26 walks all season. After Loeschorn, the Sharks bring some solid bullpen arms to the table, including senior Nick Torres, who has 51 2/3 innings of a 3.14 ERA under his belt in 2022.
Wake Forest Demon Deacons (40-17-1, 15-14-1 ACC)
This Season:
Bringing the strongest offense in the field to The "Bob," the Demon Deacons are an extremely formidable team. Despite not winning the ACC Tournament, Wake Forest's seventh 40-win season in program history was enough to get them into the College Park Regional as the No. 2-seeded team.
Wake Forest's biggest strength is its offense, which boasts seven lineup regulars with batting averages over .300. The Demon Deacons also led the way with 115 home runs in the ACC, beating out other extraordinary offenses such as Virginia Tech (110) and Georgia Tech (110). Even when they don't win using the long ball, their conference-leading .428 team on-base percentage shows how they can easily find multiple ways to out-perform some of the country's best offenses.
It's hard to point out just a couple of Wake Forest's best hitters when the lowest OPS in the lineup is .771. Simply enough, their whole lineup will be riddled with gritty, powerful bats. If there had to be a couple to highlight, Nick Kurtz and Brendan Tinsman will likely appear plenty in the scoring summary. The freshman Kurtz leads his team in OPS at 1.163, and the redshirt junior Tinsman — who follows Kurtz up in the lineup in the cleanup spot — leads the Deacons with 23 home runs which is tied for fifth in the country.
In contrast to its offense, good pitching at Wake Forest is few and far between. In the weekend rotation, the one standout is sophomore ace Rhett Lowder. Lowder has led the Deacons' starters with a 2.61 ERA — a wide margin over his peers. In the pen, Wake Forest has a few solid options to hand the ball to in the late innings. Three of the bullpen arms have ERA's below 3.50, including Camden Minacci, who owns a 1.85 ERA and has six saves on the year.
Connecticut Huskies (46-13, 16-5 Big East)
The No. 3 seed Connecticut Huskies are practically complete opposites of the Wake Forest team they face Friday afternoon — stacked on the pitching end, but middle of the pack at the plate. That pitching, which led the Big East in ERA and opposing batting average, carried the Huskies to the second-winningest season in program history — just shy of the 2010 season's 48 wins.
Out of the 17 pitchers on Connecticut's roster, 12 of them own ERA's below 3.50, including all three pitchers in the weekend rotation. While the offense leaves more to be desired, the pitching could easily shut down any offense. In the regular season, it certainly helped propel the Huskies to an 8-1 record against the top three offenses in the Big East (Xavier, Creighton, Butler).
Sophomore Korey Morton might have less than 100 at-bats with the Huskies this season and was mostly used as a pinch-runner in the early part of the season, but his .442 batting average and .726 slugging percentage in that sample size should be pretty daunting to opposing pitchers. Along with Morton, senior Erik Stock brings just as much power with his bat, but over a sample size of 240 at-bats. That power has translated to a .375/.443/.600 slash line and the best OPS on the team out of qualified batters. Ben Huber and Casey Dana round out the middle of the order that packs an extreme punch — both of those hitters owning OPS's over .900.
There are so many pitchers to choose from on the Huskies' staff as almost three quarters of their pitchers can provide quality innings. With that being said, their starters this season — Enzo Stefanoni, Pat Gallagher and Austin Peterson — have ERA's of 3.01, 3.21 and 3.22, respectively. Most notably, Peterson has struck out 129 batters this season compared to walking just 17. Beyond the starters, the bullpen trio of Jack Sullivan, Brendan O'Donnell and Garrett Coe could easily shut down lineups late in games with the three combining for a 1.89 ERA over 66 2/3 innings. In a regional filled with potent bats, Connecticut's pitching could prove to be a real difference maker.
Maryland crushed in slugfest against Michigan, will face Indiana in elimination game
May 28, 2022 James Gordon Game Recaps
In a much higher-scoring affair than Thursday night's nail biter against Indiana, Maryland's pitching struggled, and the Terps fell on the losing side of Friday night's (and early Saturday morning's) contest with Michigan. A mix of messy defense and a persistent Michigan lineup got to Maryland starter Ryan Ramsey early and often, leading to the Terps' eventual 15-8 loss.
Highlighted by Michigan sluggers Matt Frey and Riley Bertram, the Wolverines took advantage of poor defense and four walks from Ramsey to explode for nine runs between the third and fourth frames. Frey and Bertram combined to drive in seven of those runs on seven total hits.
While the two Wolverine bats provided most of the ammo, Ramsey's final line shows how close the game really was when it came down to defense. The southpaw pitched 3 1/3 innings, but of the 10 runs Michigan scored with him on the mound, just six of them were earned.
The crucial play of the night came with two outs in the third inning, as Nick Lorusso threw away what would've been the final out on a Tito Flores grounder. The throwing error ultimately allowed three of Michigan's runs to score — a key difference-maker to the game's outcome.
Graduate student Nick Robinson entered the fourth following Ramsey's exit to extinguish the Wolverines' offense, but the damage had been done. Robinson pitched a season-high 2 2/3 innings with the only damage against him being a Flores solo home run and an inherited run in the seventh .
Outside of the Flores home run, Robinson held the Wolverines at bay long enough for the Terps to form a rally throughout the middle innings. After a scoreless first inning, the Terps were scoring at least once in five of the next six innings.
The bulk of that scoring was courtesy of Troy Schreffler, who continues to be one of the most potent bats in the Terps' lineup. The junior blasted a solo home run in the third and picked up two more RBI on a double in the fifth.
Luke Shliger and Bobby Zmarzlak both drove in a pair of runs, and Kevin Keister crushed his own solo home run, but the Maryland bats just couldn't keep up with Michigan's.
The game was all but put to rest after stretch time, as Michigan bombarded redshirt junior Will Glock for three runs before he could escape the inning. With another five-run inning under its belt, Michigan had all the insurance it needed, cruising into the final two innings with a seemingly insurmountable seven-run lead.
The Terps didn't have the energy in the late innings to match Michigan, and they ultimately went down quietly as the Wolverines move on to face the winner of Penn State/Iowa Saturday evening.
Now in a deep hole, the Terps will need to beat Indiana Saturday afternoon in a rematch of Thursday's game in order to avoid elimination. That game is scheduled for roughly 40 minutes following the Penn State-Iowa game at 9:00 a.m EST.
Big Ten Tournament Preview: Indiana Hoosiers
May 25, 2022 James Gordon Series Previews
It's finally tournament time.
For the first time since 2019, No. 10 Maryland is playing in the Big Ten Tournament in Omaha, Nebraska.
After the best season in program history — a record 44 wins and the Terps' first conference title in 51 years — Maryland earned the No. 1 seed in the tournament and will face the No. 8-seeded Indiana Hoosiers in game one Thursday morning.
Indiana is one of the few conference opponents the Terps hadn't faced in the regular season, with Michigan State, Nebraska, and Iowa being the others. The Hoosiers bring new faces into the fray, but as the final team to make the cut in the conference tournament, they also bring a glaring weakness: the worst ERA in the Big Ten. Less than a week ago, the Indiana pitching staff gave up 30 runs in a loss to Iowa — the most runs scored in a single game in Hawkeyes history.
Coming off five-straight games of putting up double-digits in the run column, the Terps' bats couldn't be hotter as they look to take advantage of the struggling Hoosier pitching.
Indiana Hoosiers (25-30, 10-14 Big Ten)
Last Season:
The Hoosiers' ended 2021's Big Ten-only season with a 26-18 record, which had them tied for fourth in the conference standings as their dominant pitching led the way. It wasn't enough to get them into the NCAA Tournament, but in a season that had the top five teams in the Big Ten beating up the rest, Indiana was in that top tier. The final series of last season came against the Terps, where the Hoosiers dropped two very important games that could have made the difference between fourth and second place.
Indiana's biggest strength in 2021 turned into its greatest weakness in 2022. With its top two starters — McCade Brown and Gabe Bierman — getting selected in the 2021 MLB Draft, the Hoosier weekend rotation took a major blow, losing two arms that put up sub-3.50 ERA's. Overall, the staff went from a collective 3.18 ERA to a 7.16 ERA between the two seasons, and has been the biggest reason for the team's 25-30 record.
The Hoosiers' lineup includes a handful of potent bats, as five of the nine regulars own an OPS over .900. The strongest of those bats is freshman Carter Mathison, who slashed .275/.402/.601 in 193 at-bats. While the Hoosiers as a team didn't hit the long ball that frequently, Mathison (17) and team-leader redshirt junior Matthew Ellis (18) carried the freight, contributing to almost a half of the team's 71 home runs. There aren't many easy outs in the Indiana lineup, but watch for Mathison and Ellis to be potential difference-makers.
With just one pitcher owning an ERA below 5.00, there's just about nothing overly positive about the Indiana pitching staff. That one pitcher who sticks out is redshirt junior Ty Bothwell, who has a 4.03 ERA in 17 relief appearances and one start. If the Hoosiers manage to get themselves a lead in the later innings, Bothwell is likely the man they'll send out to maintain it.
Probable Pitching Matchup:
With Ryan Ramsey (10-0, 2.98 ERA) and Jason Savacool (8-2, 2.71 ERA) earning First Team All-Big Ten Honors Tuesday, it's hard for Head Coach Rob Vaughn to go wrong with who he gives the ball Wednesday night. Ramsey's last start came on May 14, so with the extra rest it's likely he could start against the Hoosiers.
Redshirt junior Jake Perkins' 5.17 ERA is the lowest out of any Hoosier starter this season, and Indiana's options don't get much better from there. With Perkins likely to be the man on the mound tomorrow night — less than a week after being tagged for nine earned runs against Iowa — Charles Schwab Field should be ready for some fireworks.
BIG TEN CHAMPS! TERPS WIN FIRST-EVER B1G TITLE WITH 18-7 VICTORY
May 24, 2022 May 24, 2022 James Gordon Game Recaps
(RECAP COURTESY OF MARYLAND ATHLETICS)
WEST LAFAYETTE, IN — BIG TEN CHAMPS!
No. 14 Maryland won its first Big Ten Championship in baseball on Friday evening as the Terps beat Purdue, 18-7, at Alexander Field. The Terps won the outright Big Ten title and will be the No. 1 seed in the Big Ten Tournament. The Terps stand at 18-5 in the conference and add to its best record in program history, moving to 44-10.
The Terps last won a conference championship in 1971 when the Terps won the ACC. Overall, this is the fifth conference title for the Terps, as they also won the ACC in 1965 and 1970 and the Southern Conference in 1936. Maryland's last outright conference title in baseball was in 1965.
Matt Shaw smashed his 20th of the season to put the Terps up for good in the sixth inning, making it 7-5 at the time. Shaw went 4-for-5 with two homers, four runs scored and five RBIs and now has 63 RBIs this season to go along with his 21 home runs, second in the Big Ten .
Chris Alleyne went 2-for-4 with two homers and five RBIs as he leads the Big Ten in homers with 22 and RBIs with 73.
Freshman Ian Petrutz went 3-for-5 with a home run — for the fourth game in a row — and three RBIs. Troy Schreffler Jr., and Kevin Keister also drove in runs. Luke Shliger also hit a home run to give the Terps six homers in the game — the third time this season they blasted six long balls.
On the mound, Nick Dean earned the win to move to 6-2 throwing the first five innings. Nigel Belgrave pitched two innings in relief. David Falco Jr., finished off the eighth and ninth, including recording the final out to clinch the championship with a strikeout.
Breaking Down The Action
• The Terps jumped out to 1-0 lead as Alleyne crushed his fourth homer in as many games to right field.
• The Boilermakers grabbed a 2-1 lead in the second inning as Cam Thompson and Evan Albrecht drove in runs.
• Alleyne walked with the bases loaded to bring in Maxwell Costes in the top of the fourth to tie the game at 2-2.
• The Terps took a 3-2 lead on Schreffler Jr.'s bloop single which scored Matt Shaw who singled to right and raced all the way to third on a fielding error. Another Maryland run came home on an Ian Petrutz single to center, which was misplayed by the Purdue centerfielder, which allowed Schreffler to come around to score, making it 4-2. After a pitching change, Keister's drive to right field brought home Petrutz for a three-run edge, 5-2.
• Purdue evened the game at 5-5 on a two-run homer by Paul Toetz in the bottom of the fifth inning.
• Shaw's two-run homer to center regained the lead for Maryland at 7-5 as he brought in Nick Lorusso, who singled in front of him.
• Alleyne blasted his second homer of the game, a three-run shot, to make it 10-5 in the seventh. Shaw's double to center scored Lorusso, for an 11-5 lead. A wild pitch allowed Shaw to score for a 12-5 advantage.
• Shliger his a solo home run, Shaw added a two-run blast, and Petrutz knocked a three-run home run in the bottom of the ninth to drive in six extra insurance runs for the Terps.
ALLEYNE'S BIG GAME LEADS NO. 14 TERPS TO SCHOOL-RECORD 43RD WIN, 14-7
WEST LAFAYETTE, IN — Chris Alleyne's big day led No. 14 Maryland to its school-record breaking 43rd win of the season as the first-place Terps (17-5 Big Ten) continued their late-season charge to a potential first-ever Big Ten Championship with a 14-7victory at Purdue on Thursday night. The Terps improved to 43-10 with two regular-season games remaining at Purdue. The 43 wins break the school record set in 2015, when Maryland went 42-24 in advancing to the NCAA Super Regional. The Terps are No. 9 in the latest RPI.
Alleyne became the first Maryland player and first in the NCAA since 2018 to be a 20/20 man, recording 20 home runs and 20 stolen bases. Alleyne blasted his Big Ten-leading 20th round-tripper, a three-run homer in the second inning to put the Terps ahead 5-0 on the way to the victory. He also tied his career-high with three stolen bases in the game and now has 23 this season. Alleyne went 4-for-4 with three RBIs and three runs scored.
Starting pitcher Jason Savacool (8-2) was strong on the mound as he threw seven innings, allowing four runs and seven hits. He struck out seven batters. Will Glock finished off the game throwing 1 1/3 scoreless innings.
Bobby Zmarzlak went 3-for-5 with two home runs, a career-high four runs scored and three RBIs. Matt Shaw went 2-for-5 with an RBI. Freshman Ian Petrutz homered for the third game in a row, as he lined a two-run shot to right, going 1-for-4with two RBIs. Troy Schreffler Jr. went 2-for-4 with an RBI. Nick Lorusso also drove in two runs.
The Terps now have a chance to clinch at least a tie for the Big Ten Championship as soon as Friday should Rutgers (16-5 Big Ten) lose on Thursday night and the Terps win in Friday's game that starts at 5 p.m., on Big Ten Network.
• The Terps took a 1-0 lead as Lorusso's sacrifice fly brought home Alleyne, who doubled, in the top of the first inning.
• Luke Shliger doubled home Zmarzlak to make it 2-0 in the second inning. Then Alleyne crushed a three-run home to leftfield to push the lead to 5-0.
• Zmarzlak blasted a two-run homer to center scoring Maxwell Costes making it 7-0 in the third inning.
• Shaw singled through the left side scoring Alleyne for his third run scored in the game, making it 8-0. Schreffler Jr.'s liner off the rightfield wall drove in Lorusso to push the lead to 9-0. Costes brought home Shaw on a sacrifice fly for a 10-0 lead.
• Petrutz hit a homer for the third game in a row with a two-run shot in the fifth for a 12-0 lead. Lorusso's groundout scored Shliger, making it 13-0.
• Purdue got on the board with a run in the fifth inning.
• The Boilermakers scored three runs in the seventh inning to draw within 13-4.
• Purdue's Ryan Howe hit a three-run home run to make the score 13-7, Purdue.
• Zmarzlak hit his second homer in the top of the ninth, to double up Purdue, 14-7.
SERIES WIN! NO. 17 TERPS TAKE RUBBER GAME AT RUTGERS IN 9-4 VICTORY
May 9, 2022 James Gordon Game Recaps
(RECAP COURTESY OF MARYLAND ATHLETICS):
PISCATAWAY, NJ — While No. 17 Maryland baseball held a lead over Rutgers for most of Monday afternoon's rubber game, the Scarlet Knights continued to keep the score close. Until the Big Ten's home runs leader extended his total in a big way.
Chris Alleyne smacked a three-run bomb to right field in the top of the ninth inning. The Dirty Terps finally broke the game open with Alleyne's 17th big fly of the season, securing a 9-4 victory — and a crucial series win.
Maryland improves to 38-10 and 13-5 in the Big Ten, while Rutgers drops to 37-12 and 16-5 in the conference. While the Terps and Scarlet Knights have the same number of losses in the conference now, Maryland has six Big Ten games left and Rutgers has three. The two are ahead of Iowa and Illinois for the top two spots in the conference standings.
Nick Dean started on the mound for the Terrapins. The junior right-hander racked up nine strikeouts over six innings of work, surrendering a pair of runs on three hits. Sean Heine and David Falco Jr. held down the final three innings.
The Terps took the lead early on four solo home runs across the second, third and fourth innings, off the bats of Bobby Zmarzlak, Kevin Keister, Matt Shaw and Maxwell Costes. It was the second straight game in which Keister (2-for-2, two RBIs, two runs and a walk) went yard.
Maryland got its offense started with a solo blast by Zmarzlak in the second inning.
Rutgers answered in the bottom half of the inning with a solo shot of its own off the bat of Chris Brito.
Keister homered in the third, giving the Terps a 2-1 lead.
Shaw and Costes both ripped solo homers in the fourth.
Alleyne hit a sacrifice fly in the fifth to score Keister and give Maryland a 5-1 advantage.
Rutgers' Josh Kuroda-Grauer hit a solo homer in the bottom of the fifth to trim its deficit to 5-2.
Keister scored Costes on an RBI single in the sixth.
The Scarlet Knights got a couple of runs back on a two-run single in the seventh, making it a 6-4 ballgame.
Alleyne crushed a three-run home homer in the ninth, breaking the game open to give the Terps a 9-4 lead.
Numbers to Know
4: Maryland hitters clobbered four solo homers over the first four innings to take an early lead.
7: Keister hit his seventh homer of the season. The sophomore has now homered in back-to-back games.
14: Costes hit his 14th home run of the season. That is the fifth-most of anyone in the Big Ten, behind Alleyne's Big Ten-leading 17 dingers.
61: Alleyne now has 61 RBIs this season. That's second in the Big Ten.
Maryland is back in action this weekend for another late-season Big Ten series as the Michigan Wolverines come to College Park.
Friday's contest starts at 6:30 p.m. It can be seen on Big Ten Plus and heard on the Maryland Baseball Network.
NO. 17 TERPS DOMINATE GEORGETOWN, 19-1
COLLEGE PARK, MD — No. 17 Maryland baseball's offense fired on all cylinders on Tuesday, seven pitchers limited Georgetown to just three hits, and the Terps rolled to a dominant 19-1 victory over their local rival.
Maryland tied the second-most runs scored it has scored in a game this season. It was the 16th time this year that the Terps scored 10 or more runs. And with its 36th win of the season, Maryland (36-9) tied its record for most regular season victories.
Kevin Keister continued his breakout season with a 4-for-5 day at the plate.
Maryland put up a four-spot in the bottom of the first inning. Luke Shliger came home on a Nick Lorusso sacrifice fly, and Troy Schreffler Jr. drove in Chris Alleyne with an RBI single.
Kevin Keister ripped a two-run single to left, which scored Schreffler and Maxwell Costes to give the Terps a 4-0 lead early.
Georgetown center-fielder Nolan Matsko worked a bases-loaded walk in the second inning to cut the deficit to 4-1.
Fourteen hitters came to bat in the fourth inning. Eight of them scored.
After Keister scored on an error, Alleyne, Lorusso and Matt Shaw recorded back-to-back-to-back RBI singles to open an 8-1 Maryland lead. Lorusso came home on a wild pitch, Keister hit an RBI single, Langerman worked a bases-loaded walk and Shliger got hit by a pitch to force in a run. The Terps held a 12-1 advantage after just four innings.
They added five more in the sixth, with a Lorusso RBI double and a Schreffler bases-loaded walk setting Costes up to clear the bases with a three-run double as Maryland took a 17-1 lead.
Maryland added a couple of solo blasts in the seventh, as James Heffley and Zach Martin went yard.
1: Heffley and Martin hit their first career home runs in a Maryland uniform.
1: Matt Cunningham made his collegiate debut on the mound in the eighth inning, where he struck out the side.
3: It was Keister's third four-hit game of the year, which ties his career high.
3: It was also Keiser's third game with three RBIs.
16: Tuesday was the 16th time this season that the Terps scored 10 or more runs.
Midweek Preview: Georgetown Hoyas
May 3, 2022 James Gordon Series Previews
With two midweek games remaining in the 2022 season, No. 18 Maryland will square off with a familiar foe in the Georgetown Hoyas Tuesday evening at The "Bob." It's the third time the Terps will play the Hoyas this season, having won their two previous meetings in early March, and they'll be looking to take care of business again for what could be Maryland's eighth-straight midweek victory.
The Terps enter Tuesday coming off yet another series win in Big Ten play, taking two of three from a middling Northwestern Wildcats squad. Despite the series win, which keeps the Terps undefeated in Big Ten series, Maryland still finds itself in second-place in the conference standings.
With the first-place Rutgers Scarlet Knights looming large this weekend, Tuesday's date with Georgetown should serve as a tune-up before heading into the arguably the most important series of the season.
Georgetown Hoyas (26-18, 7-8 Big East)
The Hoyas were the gutter of the Big East last season, going 6-19 in the conference. Many of the heavy-hitters on today's squad hadn't reached that level in 2021, and the Georgetown pitching weighed the team down with a collective 5.83 ERA.
The Hoyas at this point have gone eight games over .500 overall, but are struggling to stay above that mark when it comes to their 7-8 conference record. There are really just two main contenders in the Big East this season (Connecticut, Creighton), which has left the Hoyas in the middle of the pack. Their hitting is what has separated them from the bottom-tier Big East teams, but the pitching — especially the starting pitching — has kept them from making a serious push at the top-tier teams.
Jake Hyde has stood out the most for the Hoyas lineup this season, and he'll certainly be the top priority for Maryland's scouting after his three-hit performance in an earlier matchup this season. One of those hits was a home run against midweek starter Logan Ott, and Hyde leads his team with 17 of those. Right behind him in long balls is Ubaldo Lopez with 16. Together, Hyde's 1.157 OPS and Lopez's 1.062 OPS continue to pose a threat to Maryland pitching.
Georgetown's pitching strength comes directly out of the bullpen as four Hoyas relievers have posted ERA's below 3.50. With probable starter Andrew Williams tending to go just an inning deep like he has in recent starts, it may be a relay race to the finish out of Georgetown's bullpen. Most notably, Anthony Redferd owns a 2.50 ERA in 15 appearances and has notched two saves.
Probable Pitching Matchup
The Terps have won six-straight Logan Ott starts, and there doesn't seem to be any reason for them to divert from him as the midweek guy to round out the season. Although his last start against the Hoyas wasn't very strong (5 ER, 2 IP), the Terps offense rallied to claim a 10-9 victory.
Judging by that last Ott matchup against Georgetown, the Hoyas are likely to send freshman Andrew Williams to the mound again. Most of Williams' last several starts haven't gone beyond an inning, and his season ERA sits at 5.54. The freshman is capable of a quality outing, having pitched eight strikeouts in five innings against UMass (March 4) and seven strikeouts in seven innings against Mount St. Mary's (March 18).
NO. 23 TERPS DROP 7-4 DECISION TO NORTHWESTERN
April 30, 2022 James Gordon Series Previews
COLLEGE PARK, MD — After Jason Savacool threw seven scoreless innings, No. 23 Maryland allowed five runs in the eighth inning as Northwestern beat the Terps, 7-4. The Terps are now 34-9 and 10-4 in the Big Ten. On Maryland Day Saturday, a crowd of 2,576 came out to Bob 'Turtle' Smith Stadium, the largest in the last 30 years. This was just Maryland's second loss at home this season, as the Terps are now 18-2 in College Park.
Savacool continued his stellar pitching as he threw those seven innings, allowing just three hits. He struck out nine.
Nick Lorusso drove in two runs as he went 3-for-4 with two RBIs with a home run. Matt Shawalso hit a home run, coming back-to-back with Lorusso's blast in the eighth. Luke Shliger hit a solo homer to center field in the ninth.
Northwestern moved to 20-18 and 7-7 in the Big Ten.
• Maryland took a 1-0 lead in the bottom of the first on Lorusso's rip down the line to scored Alleyne.
• The teams traded six scoreless innings through the seventh.
• Northwestern tied the game on a line sacrifice fly to left by Jay Beshears to score Tony Livemore. Then the Wildcats scored four more runs to take a 5-1 lead in the top of the eighth.
• Lorusso clubbed his ninth home run of the season — a blast off The Shell — to cut the defcit to 5-2 in the bottom of the eighth. The next batter, Shaw smashed a solo homer to nearly the same place in leftfield.
• Anthony Calarco added a run with a homer to left in the top of the ninth to make it 6-3. Northwestern tacked on another score to make it 7-3.
• Shliger hit the Terps' third homer in two innings, leading of the bottom of the ninth to make it 7-4.


Michael Jackson, Usher, Ne-Yo, Boys 2 Men, Bruno etc.
Usher, Ne-Yo, Baby Face etc.
Reginald Thurston now collaborates with Alain Perrenoud.
Reginald commented on a sound.
I would love to share this secret, because I know you have the potential of excelling as a producer. My nephew who is also a producer started of imitating producing songs of video games. Because music is in his blood, He was able to produce every music that he heard on radio once he put his mind to it. I want you to know that video games and jazz are some of the most hard and difficult music productions.So just try imitating those rich genre like Pop and R&B, especially the hit songs and you will see how gradually your ear will expand to an even more greater interlectuality. Trust me,the potential of your gifts to others are the best I have heard so far online.
Looking for lyrics and voice for this song !
Alain, I smiled when I first listen to your track. Keep up the gift!
This songs needs lyrics ! anyone interested ?
Reginald Thurston has updated profile information.
For better or worse, for rich or for poor, in sickness and in health.
The things cats, dogs and rats do, is what we do.
You work so hard, when will we have much time for more love. This is burning me out.


2/4 is the same as 1/2 - half - which expressed as a decimal is 0.5.
To convert a fraction into a decimal, divide the denominator into the numerator. 4 into 2 goes .5 times.
0.5 is the answer because 0.50 is half of 1 and 2/4 is half of one, too.
What Is 93/100 Changed Into A Decimal?
What Is 3/20 Turned Into A Decimal?
what is 66 2/3% into a decimal?
What Is The Decimal For 4/10?


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text:
Johann Christof Eduard Nebelthau (* 21. August 1902 in Halle (Saale); † 21. Juni 1971 in Dornbirn in Österreich) war ein deutscher Speditionskaufmann und Unternehmer. Er leitete langjährig die damalige Handelsspedition J.H. Bachmann in Bremen und war seit 1954 dänischer Honorarkonsul in Bremen sowie von 1964 bis 1965 Präses der Handelskammer Bremen.

Biografie
Nebelthau gehörte der Bremer Kaufmannsfamilie "Bachmann/Dubbers" an, die seit der Firmengründung im Jahr 1775 im Besitz des Bremer Speditions- und Handelsbetriebs J.H. Bachmann (JHB) war. Nebelthau wurde in Halle an der Saale geboren und wuchs in Bremen auf, wo er 1921 am Alten Gymnasium sein Abitur ablegte. Danach absolvierte er eine kaufmännische Lehre in dem seit 1909 von seinem Onkel August Dubbers (1873–1959) geleiteten Familienunternehmen JHB und unternahm anschließend mehrere Studienreisen in die USA, Spanien, Frankreich und den Nahen Osten.

1931 begann Nebelthau als Prokurist bei J.H. Bachmann, 1937 wurde er Teilhaber des Familienunternehmens und trat neben seinem Onkel in die Firmenleitung ein. Unter ihrer gemeinsamen Leitung "überstand die Firma die Verluste während des Zweiten Weltkriegs und meisterte erfolgreich den Wiederaufbau in der Nachkriegszeit". Das "Traditionsunternehmen" wurde von Dubbers und Nebelthau neben den bisherigen Tätigkeitsschwerpunkten, wie Weinhandel, Kaffee- und Baumwollbeförderung sowie Lagerei, zu einer internationalen Spedition ausgebaut und stieg 1950 in das Luftfrachtgeschäft ein.

Nach dem Tod seines Onkels im Jahr 1959 übernahm Eduard Nebelthau die alleinige Leitung der Handelsspedition J.H. Bachmann, deren Tätigkeitsbereich er ab 1960 mit dem Aufbau von internationalen Repräsentanzen ausweitete. Später trat die Kauffrau Rita Dubbers-Albrecht in die Firma ein und übernahm als Nachfahrin von Johann Christoph Bachmann in sechster Generation die Leitung des Familienunternehmens.

Nebelthau wurde 1954 zum dänischen Honorarkonsul in Bremen ernannt; das dänische Konsulat in Bremen befand (und befindet) sich im Bremer Kontorhaus der Handelsspedition J.H. Bachmann, deren Inhaberfamilie "Dubbers" traditionell seit 1865 die konsularische Vertretung Dänemarks in der Hansestadt Bremen wahrnimmt. Außerdem war er unter anderem von 1961 bis 1969 Vorsitzender des Vereins Bremer Spediteure sowie von 1964 bis 1965 Präses der Handelskammer Bremen.

Eduard Nebelthau war mit Wilhelma Hildegard, genannt Hilda, geborene Feldhusen, verheiratet. Er verstarb 1971 im Alter von 68 Jahren an einem Herzinfarkt, seine Frau hochbetagt im Jahre 2004. Das Ehepaar, das ihr Kind im Alter von 3 Jahren verloren hatte, war sehr kinderlieb. Mit ihrem Nachlass sind eine Reihe bremischer Einrichtungen bedacht und gefördert worden.

Ehrungen

 Seit 1972 trägt das Seenotrettungsboot Eduard Nebelthau der Deutschen Gesellschaft zur Rettung Schiffbrüchiger (DGzRS) seinen Namen. Die Kaufmannsfamilie "Bachmann/Dubbers" war als Inhaberfamilie des Bremer "Traditionsunternehmens mit Bezug zur Seefahrt", J.H. Bachmann, traditionell der in Bremen ansässigen DGzRS verbunden und förderte diese; so auch Eduard Nebelthau.
 Das im Bremer Ortsteil Lesum in Bremen-Burglesum gelegene Nebelthau-Gymnasium (auch Eduard-Nebelthau-Gymnasium), eine 2007 von der Stiftung Friedehorst gegründete evangelische Privatschule, wurde nach ihm benannt. Aus dem Nachlass der Eheleute Eduard und Hilda Nebelthau kam eine Anschubfinanzierung in Höhe von rund 500.000 Euro.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Unternehmer (Bremen)
Honorarkonsul
Deutscher
Geboren 1902
Gestorben 1971
Mann
Person (Handelskammer Bremen)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In this tutorial, we will discuss about java inheritance. Inheritance is most important and widely used concept in object oriented programming, which provides the feature of code re-usability.
We will discuss about java inheritance, types of inheritance in java, how to use and implement inheritance, method overloading and overriding in java, use of super keyword in java and much more.


text:
\section{Introduction}
	Properties of strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions of high temperature and/or high density are a hot topic of research for many years. Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of strong interaction,  predicts that there should be a phase transition from hadronic phase to quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase at high temperature and/or baryon chemical potential. In spite of many rigorous efforts, dedicated to the study of such system for many years, the phase structure of strongly interacting matter remains somewhat unclear. While the lattice QCD results suggest that there should be a crossover at negligible baryon chemical potential~\cite{Aoki:2006we,Brown:1990ev,Bazavov:2014pvz},  various effective models respecting important aspects of QCD predict the phase transition to be of first order~\cite{Gottlieb:1985ug,Fukugita:1989yb,Schaefer:2004en,Herpay:2005yr,Pisarski:1983ms,Halasz:1998qr,Hatta:2002sj,Bowman:2008kc,PNJL1,PNJL2,PNJL3,PNJL4,PNJL4a,PQM1,PQM2,PQM3,PQM4}. This first order phase transitions should end somewhere in the phase diagram and hence identifying the location of the Critical End Point (CEP) in the phase diagram has been an active field of research~\cite{Fodor:2004nz,Gavai:2004sd,PNJL5,Schaefer:2006ds}. On the other hand, statistical hadronic models, especially hadron resonance gas (HRG) model~\cite{HRG1,BraunMunzinger:1994xr,Cleymans:1996cd,BraunMunzinger:1999qy,Cleymans:1999st,Becattini:2005xt,Andronic:2008gu}, provide quite a satisfactory description of strongly interacting matter at high temperature and moderate density. Ongoing experimental programmes like Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN and Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) at BNL have revealed many aspects of QCD physics and will continue to do so in future. Future facilities at GSI, Darmstadt and JINR, Dubna will shed more light on the phase diagram of QCD.

	Hadron resonance gas (HRG) model~\cite{HRG1,BraunMunzinger:1994xr,Cleymans:1996cd,BraunMunzinger:1999qy,Cleymans:1999st,Becattini:2005xt,Andronic:2008gu} is quite successful in reproducing particle multiplicity ratios in heavy-ion collision experiments~\cite{Andronic:2005yp,Cleymans:2000ck,BraunMunzinger:2001ip,BraunMunzinger:1994xr,Cleymans:1997sw,Cleymans:1998yb,Becattini:1997ii}. This model is based on Dashen, Ma and Bernstein theorem~\cite{Dashen:1969ep} which states that the attractive interactions in a dilute hadron gas can be mimicked by considering the higher resonance particles as stable particles: this idea is justified in relativistic virial expansion based on S-matrix approach. In addition to attractive interaction among the hadrons, repulsive interactions are also important~\cite{Begun:2012rf}.  Excluded volume hadron resonance gas model (EVHRG) is an extension of HRG model and takes into account short range repulsive interaction among hadrons by considering a non-penetrable excluded volume around the hadrons~\cite{Hagedorn:1980kb,Rischke:1991ke,Cleymans:1992jz,Singh:1991np,Yen:1997rv,Andronic:2012ut,Fu:2012zzc,Bhattacharyya:2013oya}. Another alternative  model which incorporates repulsive interactions among hadrons is HRG mean field model which takes into account the repulsive interaction among the hadrons in a system by considering a shift in the single particle energies proportional to the total number density of hadrons~\cite{Kapusta:1982qd,Olive:1980dy}. This relativistic mean field approach has been used to calculate the
	fluctuations of conserved charges~\cite{Huovinen:2017ogf,Pal:2020ucy} and the transport properties of hot and dense hadronic matter~\cite{Kadam:2019peo}.

	Behavior of certain thermodynamic observables like specific heat ($C_V$), isothermal compressibility ($\kappa_T$) and speed of sound squared ($C_s^2$) provide useful indication about the nature of the phase transition of the system. Specific heat is the rate of change of energy density with respect to temperature and is related to temperature fluctuation of the system produced in heavy-ion collision by means of event-by-event analysis~\cite{Stodolsky:1995ds,Shuryak:1997yj,Basu:2016ibk}. Specific heat is expected to show a jump near a first order phase transition and a singularity for a second order phase transition. Isothermal compressibility represents rate of change of volume of the system with respect to pressure at constant temperature. It is the second order derivative of Gibbs free energy and should diverge at CEP. Fluctuations in a system leads to deviation from equilibrium and, for a brief time, a non-equilibrium condition is reached~\cite{Khuntia:2018non}.

	Speed of sound reflects the small perturbations produced in the system in its local rest frame. Hence it shows critical behaviour near phase transition i.e. a minimum near phase transition~\cite{Tiwari:2011km}. It is interesting to explore what results are obtained for these quantities in HRG mean field framework.

	In this work our aim is to study the thermodynamical quantities, namely specific heat, isothermal compressibility and speed of sound within the ambit of HRG model with mean-field repulsive interactions. All of these quantities are sensitive to the order of phase transition and hence they are important observables in the context of heavy-ion collision experiments. In the current literature these quantities have been studied either in the case of ideal HRG approximation or separately within the ambit of  excluded volume HRG model. In this work we provide unified study of all  these quantities within the ambit of an extended HRG model which includes repulsive interactions.

	We organize the paper as follows. In Sec.~\ref{secII} we discuss the thermodynamics of relativistic mean-field hadron resonance gas model. Results of specific heat, isothermal compressibility and speed of sound are presented in Sec.~\ref{secIII}. Sec.~\ref{sectionIV}
	contains a discussion in the context of heavy ion collisions.  In Sec.~\ref{secV} we  summarise and conclude.

	\section{Hadron resonance gas model with a repulsive mean field interaction}
	\label{secII}

	Thermodynamic properties of ideal hadron resonance gas model can be derived from the grand canonical partition function given by
	\begin{eqnarray}
	&&\text{ln}\mathcal{Z}(T,\mu_B,\mu_Q,\mu_S, V)= \! \!  \! \! \sum  \limits_{i\in \text{mesons}}  \! \! \! \!\text{ln}\mathcal{Z}_i(T,\mu_Q,\mu_{S}) \nonumber \\
	&&+\sum_{i\in \text{baryons}}
	\text{ln}\mathcal{Z}_i(T,\mu_B,\mu_Q,\mu_{S})
	\end{eqnarray}
	where $\mu_B, \mu_Q$ and $\mu_S$ are the chemical potential corresponding to baryon number, electric charge and strangeness respectively. The pressure can be obtained from the partition function as
	\begin{eqnarray}
	&P(T,\mu_B,\mu_Q,\mu_S,V) \nonumber \\
	&=\lim_{V\rightarrow\infty}\frac{ T}{V}\text{ln}\mathcal{Z}(T,\mu_B,\mu_Q,\mu_S,V)
	\end{eqnarray}

	Partition function of $i^{\text{th}}$ hadronic species is

	\begin{equation}
	\text{ln} \mathcal {Z}_i(T,V,\tilde{\mu})=\pm V\int d\Gamma_{i}\: \text{ln}[1\pm e^{-\frac{(E_i-\tilde{c_i}\tilde{\mu_i})}{T}}]
	\end{equation}
	where, for the i-th species of hadrons, $g_i$ is the degeneracy, $\tilde{c}_{i}=(B_i,Q_i,S_i)$ corresponds to the respective
	conserved charges and $\tilde{\mu_i}\equiv (\mu_B, \mu_Q, \mu_S)$ is the corresponding chemical potential. $d\Gamma_{a}\equiv\frac{g_{a}d^{3}p}{(2\pi)^3}$, $E_{i}=\sqrt{p^2+m_i^2}$ is the single particle energy with mass $m_i$.  Upper (lower) sign corresponds to fermions (bosons).

	Ideal HRG model can be extended by including short range repulsive interactions between hadrons. These
	repulsive interactions can be treated in mean field approach where the single particle energies
	$\epsilon_i$ get shifted by the mean field repulsive interaction as ~\cite{ Kapusta:1982qd,Olive:1980dy}
	\begin{equation}
	\varepsilon_{i}=\sqrt{p^2+m_{i}^2}+U(n)=E_{i}+U(n)
	\label{dispersion}
	\end{equation}
	where $n$ is the total hadron number density. The potential energy $U$ represents repulsive interaction between hadrons
	and it is taken to be function of total hadron density $n$. For an arbitrary inter-hadron potential $V({\bf{r}})$,
	the potential energy $U$  is given by

	\begin{equation}
	U(n)=Kn
	\label{poten}
	\end{equation}
	where $K$ is a  phenomenological parameter given by the spatial integration of the inter hadron potential $V({\bf r})$.

	In the present investigation, we  assume different repulsive interaction parameter for baryons  and mesons.
	We denote the mean field parameter for baryons ($B$) and anti-baryons ($\bar{B}$) by $K_B$, while for mesons we denote it by  $K_M$. Thus,  for baryons (antibaryons)
	\begin{equation}
	U(n_{B\{\bar{B}\}})=K_Bn_{B\{\bar{B}\}}
	\label{potenbar}
	\end{equation}

	and for mesons
	\begin{equation}
	U(n)=K_Mn_M
	\label{potenmes}
	\end{equation}

	The total hadron number density is

	\begin{equation}
	n(T,\tilde\mu)=\sum_{i}n_{i}=n_B+n_{\bar{B}}+n_M
	\end{equation}

	where $n_{i}$ is the number density of i$^\text{th}$ hadronic species. $n_B$, $n_{\bar{B}}$  and $n_M$ are total baryon, anti-baryon and meson number densities respectively. For baryons,

	\begin{equation}
	n_{{B}}=\sum_{i\in B}\int d\Gamma_{i}\:\frac{1}{e^{\frac{(E_{i}-{\mu_{\text{eff},B}})}{T}}+1}
	\label{numdenbaryon}
	\end{equation}
	where $\mu_{\text{eff},{B}}=c_i\mu_i-K_Bn_{B}$ and $c_{i} =(B_i,Q_i,S_i), \mu=(\mu_B,\mu_Q ,\mu_S)$. The sum is over all the baryons. Similarly, the number density of antibaryons is

	\begin{equation}
	n_{{\bar{B}}}=\sum_{i\in \bar{B}}\int d\Gamma_{i}\:\frac{1}{e^{\frac{(E_{i}-{\mu_{\text{eff},\bar{B}}})}{T}}+1}
	\label{numdenantibaryon}
	\end{equation}
	where $\mu_{\text{eff},{\bar{B}}}=\bar{c_i}\mu_i-K_Bn_{\bar{B}}$. Note that repulsive mean-field parameter is same for baryons as well as anti-baryons.
	For mesons,

	\begin{equation}
	n_{{M}}=\sum_{i\in M}\int d\Gamma_{i}\:\frac{1}{e^{\frac{(E_{i}-{\mu_{\text{eff},M}})}{T}}-1}
	\label{numdenmeson}
	\end{equation}
	where $\mu_{\text{eff},{M}}=\tilde{c_i}\tilde{\mu}-K_Mn_{M}$ and the sum is over all the mesons and $\tilde{c}_{i} =(Q_i,S_i), \tilde{\mu_i}=(\mu_Q ,\mu_S)$ .

	The pressure  for  baryons and the mesons are given respectively as

	\begin{eqnarray}
	&P_{B\{\bar{B}\}}(T,\mu)=T\sum_{i\in B\{\bar{B}\}}\int d\Gamma_{i} \nonumber \\
	&\text{ln}\bigg[1+ e^{-(\frac{E_i-\mu_{\text{eff}}\{\bar{\mu}_{\text{eff}}\}}{T})}\bigg]-\phi_{B\{\bar{B}\}}(n_{B\{\bar{B}\}})
	\end{eqnarray}
	\begin{eqnarray}
	&P_M(T,\tilde{\mu})=T\sum_{i\in M}\int d\Gamma_{i} \nonumber \\
	&\text{ln}\bigg[1+ e^{\frac{(E_{i}-{\mu_{\text{eff},M}})}{T}}\bigg]-\phi_M(n_M)
	\end{eqnarray}
	where,

	\begin{equation}
	\phi_B(n_{B\{\bar{B}\}})=-\frac{1}{2}K_Bn_{B\{\bar{B}\}}^2
	\end{equation}
	and
	\begin{equation}
	\phi_M(n_M)=-\frac{1}{2}K_Mn_M^2
	\end{equation}

	The total baryon (anti-baryon) energy density  is

	\begin{eqnarray}
	&&\epsilon_{B\{\bar{B}\}}(T,\mu)=\sum_{i\in B\{\bar{B}\}}\int d\Gamma_{a}\:\frac{\varepsilon_{i}}{e^{\frac{[E_{i}-\mu_{\text{eff}}\{\bar{\mu}_{\text{eff}}\}]}{T}}+1} \nonumber \\
	&&+\phi_{B\{\bar{B}\}}(n_{B\{\bar{B}\}})
	\label{endenbaryon}
	\end{eqnarray}

	and for mesons

	\begin{eqnarray}
	&&\epsilon_{M}(T,\tilde{\mu})=\sum_{a\in{M}}\int d\Gamma_{i}\:\frac{\varepsilon_{i}}{e^{\frac{\varepsilon_{i}}{T}}-1} \nonumber \\
	&&+\phi_{M}(n_M)
	\label{endenmeson}
	\end{eqnarray}

	Thermodynamic quantities can be readily calculated by taking appropriate derivative of the partition function
	or equivalently of the pressure.

	\section{Results }
	\label{secIII}
	\begin{figure}[b]

		\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{muB0_Cv.eps} \\
		\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{muB01_Cv.eps} \\
		\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{muB03_Cv.eps}

		\caption{(Color Online) Scaled specific heat as a function of temperature with three different values of baryonic chemical potential, namely $\mu_B = 0, 0.1$ and 0.3 GeV.}
		\label{cv}

	\end{figure}

	Let us now discuss the results that we have obtained for specific heat, speed of sound and isothermal compressibility as a function of temperatute ($T$) at fixed values of baryon chemical potential ($\mu_B$). We shall take three representative values of baryon chemical potential:  $\mu_B=0,0.1$ and $0.3$ GeV. We have chosen these values of $\mu_B$ because the critical end point is expected to be near $\mu_B$=0.3 GeV~\cite{Stephanov:1998dy,Parotto:2018pwx}. We have taken all the hadrons and resonances up to 2 GeV listed in particle data review~\cite{Tanabashi:2018oca}. The only parameters in our model are $K_M$ and $K_B$ as mentioned
	in the previous section. We choose three different representative values for meson mean field parameter,
	$viz.$, $K_M=0, 0.1$ and $0.15$ GeV$\cdot$fm$^{3}$,  while we fix baryon mean-field parameter
	$K_B=0.45$ GeV$\cdot$fm$^{3}$~\cite{Huovinen:2017ogf,Kadam:2019peo}.
	For comparison with excluded-volume HRG model (EVHRG),  we have taken radii of hadrons as $R_\pi=0.15\: \text{fm},   R_K=0.395 \:\text{fm},   R_\Lambda=0.085\: \text{fm},$ while for other mesons we set $R_M=0.42 \:\text{fm}$, and for baryons, $R_B=0.365 \:\text{fm}$. These choices  corresponds to those in Ref.~\cite{Sagun:2017eye} where the freeze-out data was satisfactorily reproduced.

	\begin{widetext}

		In case of ideal HRG model expression for the specific heat is written as
		\begin{equation*}
		C_V(T,\mu_B)=\bigg(\frac{\partial \epsilon}{\partial T}\bigg)_V
		=\sum_i\frac{g_i}{2\pi^2T^2}\int_{0}^{\infty}dp \:p^2 \frac{ E_i(E_i-\mu_B)\exp[(E_i-\mu_B)/T]}{\{\exp[(E_i-\mu_B)/T]\pm 1\}^2}
		\end{equation*}

		In case of HRG model with mean field interactions expression for the specific heat picks up mean-field dependent terms as  (using Eqs.(\ref{endenbaryon}) and (\ref{endenmeson}))
		\begin{eqnarray}
		C_V(T,\mu_B)&=&\sum_i\frac{g_i}{2\pi^2}\int_{0}^{\infty}\frac{K\frac{\partial n}{\partial T}}{\exp[(E_i-\mu_B+Kn)/T]\pm 1} p^2 dp - Kn\frac{\partial n}{\partial T}\\\nonumber
		&-&\sum_i\frac{g_i}{2\pi^2}\int_{0}^{\infty}\frac{(E_i+Kn)(\frac{K}{T}\frac{\partial n}{\partial T}-\frac{E_i-\mu_B+Kn}{T^2})\exp[(E_i-\mu_B+Kn)/T]}{\{\exp[(E_i-\mu_B+Kn)/T]\pm 1\}^2} p^2 dp
		\end{eqnarray}
		where
		\begin{equation}
		\frac{\partial n}{\partial T}=\sum_i\frac{g_i}{2\pi^2}\int_{0}\frac{(\frac{E_i-\mu_B+Kn}{T^2}-\frac{K}{T}\frac{\partial n}{\partial T})\exp[(E_i-\mu_B+Kn)/T]}{\{\exp[(E_i-\mu_B+Kn)/T]\pm 1\}^2} p^2 dp
		\end{equation}

	\end{widetext}

	Fig.~\ref{cv} shows a plot of $C_V/T^3$ as a function of temperature for three different values of $\mu_B$ i.e. 0, 0.1 and 0.3 GeV for ideal HRG, EVHRG and HRG mean field model (HRGMF).   We note that $C_V$ increases monotonically with temperature for ideal HRG (solid purple curve).  This rise is significantly rapid near $T \sim 0.15$ GeV which is close to $T_c$ where the phase transition from hadronic phase to Quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase is expected to occur as suggested by lattice QCD simulations. In fact, near the QCD critical point the specific heat is expected to show a power law behavior $C_V\sim |t|^{-\alpha}$, where $t=\frac{T-T_c}{T_c}$ where $\alpha$ is the critical exponent.  However,  in the hadron resonance gas model we only observe rapid rise as temperature reaches $T_c$.  In case of HRG, with discrete mass spectrum and with only spin degree of freedom $J_i$, the spin degeneracy $J_{i}(J_i+1)$ results in hadron resonance abundances which goes like $g_i \propto m_i^2 $.  Thus the partition function and all of its higher order derivatives are continuous.  Hence, the specific heat does not diverge as $T\longrightarrow T_c$. The effect of repulsive  interactions is to suppress the rapid rise of $C_V$ at high temperature as can be noted in Fig.\ref{cv}. This suppression is not hard to understand. By definition, $C_V$ is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature by unit value. If there is a repulsive interaction between hadrons then the energy required to create a given species of hadron in a medium is increased.  Hence the corresponding yield will be reduced.  Thus, the energy poured into the system is utilized to raise the temperature rather than to create massive hadrons.  Upshot of this is that the contribution of degrees of freedom, which are hadrons in case of hadronic matter, to the  scaled specific heat $C_V/T^3$,  will be suppressed in the models with repulsive interactions. We also note that the suppression is strongest in EVHRG model (dashed dotted yellow curve) as compared to HRGMF  model (dashed green, blue and orange curve).  This observation may be attributed to the fact that while in case of EVHRG the repulsive interaction is assumed between mesons and baryons,  such interactions are neglected in HRGMF model.  For $\mu_B = 0$, we have confronted our results with that obtained in Lattice QCD~\cite{Bazavov:2014pvz}. It is clearly seen that at temperatures higher than $0.15 $ GeV HRGMF results are in good agreement with the lattice data. The inclusion of mesonic mean-field interactions slightly underestimates the lattice data while reproducing the overall behavior.  Albeit confronting the HRG model and its extension beyond $T_c$ may not be reasonable, recent studies show that the hadronic degrees of freedom do exist at  temperatures beyond QCD transition temperature~\cite{Vovchenko:2016rkn} and our study clearly shows that the repulsive interactions play important role near $T_c$.

	\begin{figure}[h]
		\vspace{-0.4cm}

		\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{muB0_compressibility.eps} \\
		\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{muB01_compressibility.eps}\\
		\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{muB03_compressibility.eps}

		\caption{(Color Online)  Isothermal compressibility $k_T$ as a function of T at $\mu_B$ = 0, 0.1, 0.3 GeV.}
		\label{kt}

	\end{figure}

	Isothermal compressibility ($\kappa_T$) is defined as as
	\begin{equation}
	\kappa_T=-\frac{1}{V}\bigg(\frac{\partial V}{\partial P}\bigg)_T=\frac{1}{\sum_i[(\frac{\partial P}{\partial\mu_i})^2/{(\frac{\partial n_i}{\partial\mu_i})]}}
	\end{equation}

	In the ideal HRG model $\frac{\partial n_i}{\partial \mu_i}$ is given by expression
	\begin{eqnarray}
	&&\frac{\partial n_i}{\partial \mu_i}=\sum_i\frac{g_i}{2\pi^2}\int_{0}^{\infty}  \nonumber \\
	&&\frac{\exp{[(E_i-\mu_i+Kn)/T]}}{T[\exp{(E_i-\mu_i+Kn)/T\pm1]^2}}
	\end{eqnarray}

	while, in the mean-field HRG model it is given by
	\begin{eqnarray}
	&&\frac{\partial n_i}{\partial \mu_i}=\sum_i\frac{g_i}{2\pi^2}\int_{0}^{\infty} \nonumber \\
	&&\frac{(1-K\frac{\partial n}{\partial \mu_i})\exp{[(E_i-\mu_i+Kn)/T]}}{T[\exp{(E_i-\mu_i+Kn)/T\pm1]^2}}
	\end{eqnarray}

	Fig.~\ref{kt} shows a plot of isothermal compressibility $\kappa_T$ as a function of temperature at baryon chemical potential 0, 0.1, 0.3 GeV. At $\mu_B=0$ (Fig.\ref{kt}(a)), for all the three variants of HRG model considered, $\kappa_T$ decreases with increasing temperature. In case of HRG (solid purple curve), this decreasing behavior of $\kappa_T$ as a function of $T$ is expected as $\kappa_T\propto \text{pressure}^{-1}$.  When the temperature is increased, more and more hadrons populate the system and hence the pressure also increases which render the decreasing behavior of $\kappa_T$. In case of HRGMF,  the scaled pressure $P/T^4$ is smaller compared to ideal HRG pressure. Hence at a given temperature  the magnitude of $\kappa_T$ is larger in HRGMF (dashed green, blue and orange curve) and EVHRG (dashed purple curve).  At finite $\mu_B$ (Fig.\ref{kt}(b) and (c)), while the overall behavior of $k_T$ as a fucntion of $T$ is similar to the $\mu_B=0$ case,  the magnitude of $k_T$ is smaller than that at $\mu_B=0$ case. This behavior is the reflection of that fact that the scaled pressure $P/T^4$ is higher at finite $\mu_B$ as compared to that of $\mu_B=0$.

	\begin{figure}[b]
		\vspace{-0.4cm}

		\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{muB0_Cs.eps}
		\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{muB01_Cs.eps}
		\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{muB03_Cs.eps}

		\caption{(Color Online)  Speed of sound squared ($C_s^2$) vs temperature at $\mu_B$ = 0, 0.1, 0.3 GeV. The lattice data is taken from Ref.~\cite{Borsanyi:2012cr}.}
		\label{cs}

	\end{figure}

	The (adiabatic) speed of sound is defined as
	\begin{equation}
	C_s^2=\bigg(\frac{\partial P}{\partial \epsilon}\bigg)_{s/n}
	\end{equation}

	Physical waves propagate at constant $s/n$. In order to discuss the implications of our results in the context of HIC, which we shall do in next section, we need to find explicit expression for adiabatic speed of sound which is also valid at finite $\mu_B$. It can be easily shown that at constant $s/n$ the speed of sound is~\cite{Albright:2015fpa}

	\begin{equation}
	C_s^2(T,\mu_B)=\frac{v_n^2 Ts+v_s^2\mu_Bn_B}{\epsilon+P}
	\end{equation}

	where,

	\begin{equation}
	v_s^2(T,\mu_B)=\frac{n_B\chi_{TT}-s\chi_{\mu_B T}}{\mu_{B}(\chi_{TT}\chi_{\mu_B\mu_B}-\chi_{\mu_BT})}
	\end{equation}
	is the speed of sound at constant $s$ and,

	\begin{equation}
	v_n^2(T,\mu_B)=\frac{s\chi_{\mu_B\mu_B}-n_B\chi_{\mu_B T}}{T(\chi_{TT}\chi_{\mu_B\mu_B}-\chi_{\mu_BT})}
	\end{equation}
	is the speed of sound at constant $n$. The susceptibilities $\chi$'s are defined as, $\chi_{ab}=\partial^2 P/\partial a \partial b $, with $a,b=T,\mu_B$.

	In Fig.~\ref{cs} we have shown the variation of $C_s^2$  with temperature for different values of baryon chemical potential.  The $C_s^2$ depends on the degrees of freedom of the system, the equation of state and hence the interaction among the hadrons.  At very low temperatures $T\sim m_\pi$, energy, pumped into the system, is utilized to
	increase the temperature of matter which is dominated mostly by lighter pions. Hence the change in pressure is dominant over
	change in energy density of the system resulting in monotonic rise in speed of sound.   This can be observed even with the
	repulsive interactions and at $\mu_B\neq 0$. As the temperature increases more massive hadrons and hadronic resonances start
	to populate the system.  The energy pumped into the system is utilized to create heavier hadrons.  The upshot is that increase
	in pressure lags behind the corresponding increase in the energy density.  Thus, the rapid rise of $C_s^2$ slows down and
	attains maximum around $T\sim 0.08$ GeV.  After that it decreases slowly and saturates at a constant value around $T\sim
	0.16$ GeV.  The effect of repulsive interactions does not show up until the system achieves an energy density sufficient to
	create baryons.  Again,  because in presence of repulsive interactions it will take more energy to create a baryon,  increase in
	energy density lags behind increase in pressure.  This is reflected in Fig.\ref{cs} where we note that the magnitude of $C_s^2$
	is greater in HRGMF and EVHRG models as compared to HRG model.  Also, with repulsive interactions turned on, $C_s^2$
	increases with temperature. However, with medium dependent hadron masses the speed of sound estimated within EVHRG model does not rise rapidly at high temperature and it has been shown to be in good agreement with lattice QCD data~\cite{Kadam:2015dda}. An interesting observation with regard to the minimum in $C_s^2$ can be noted from Fig.(\ref{cs}). The minimum of the speed of sound, in the case of a system with repulsive interactions, is shifted to lower temperature as compared to ideal gas. We compare our results with those obtained with lattice QCD~\cite{Borsanyi:2012cr}. As in the case of specific heat, the lattice result, at temperatures higher than $0.15 \ GeV$, approaches our results with repulsive interactions. For all the values of $\mu_B$ we have an excellent fit with the lattice results. Furthermore, as the temperature increases, more and more repulsion seems to be preferable.

	\section{Discussion}
	\label{sectionIV}

	Let us now discuss the implications of our results in the light of heavy-ion collision experiments.  Connection of any physical quantity with the heavy-ion collision experiments can be made by finding the beam energy ($\sqrt{s}$) dependence of the temperature and chemical potential. This is extracted from a statistical thermal model description of the particle yield at various $\sqrt{s}$~\cite{Cleymans:2005xv}. The freeze-out curve is parametrized by

	\begin{equation}
	T(\mu)=a-b\mu^2-c\mu^4;\hspace{0.1 cm} \mu=d/(1+e\sqrt{s})
	\end{equation}
	where $a=0.140$ GeV, $b=139\pm 0.016\:\text{GeV}^{-1}$, $c=0.053\pm0.021\:\text{GeV}^{-3}$, $d=1.308\pm 0.028$ GeV and $e=0.273 \pm 0.008\:\text{GeV}^{-1}$. Note that the value of $a$ is consistent with the kinetic freeze-out~\cite{Schenke:2010nt,Neufeld:2010tz}.

	\begin{figure}[h]
		\vspace{-0.2cm}

		\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{sqrtS_Cv.eps}
		\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{sqrtS_compressibility.eps}
		\includegraphics[scale=0.6]{sqrtS_Cs.eps}

		\caption{(Color Online) Collsion energy dependence of $C_V$, $\kappa_T$ and $C_s^2$. We have used the freeze-out parametrization given in Ref.~\cite{Cleymans:2005xv}.}
		\label{sqrts}

	\end{figure}

	For a system in equilibrium, the event-by-event  temperature fluctuation is controlled by  heat capacity
	\begin{equation}
	P(T)\sim \text{exp}\bigg (-\frac{C}{2}\frac{(\Delta T)^2}{<T>^2}\bigg)
	\end{equation}
	where $\Delta T=T-<T>$ and $<T>$ is the mean temperature. This yields the relation between  heat capacity and temperature fluctuation~\cite{LL}  as
	\begin{equation}
	\frac{1}{C_V}=\frac{<T^2>-<T>^2}{<T>^2}
	\end{equation}
	In the event-by-event analysis, temperature can be extracted from transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra. From our plot of $C_V$ (Fig.~\ref{sqrts}(a)) we note that the specific heat drops a bit sharply at a low value of $\sqrt{s}$ and then it almost saturates. When the center of mass energy of heavy-ion collision is increased the colliding nuclei become more transparent and they create smaller particle number density. Hence the energy pumped into the system goes to increase the temperature and specific heat decreases with increasing centre of mass energy. We further note that the specific heat is suppressed due to repulsive interactions. However, repulsive interaction between hadrons does not change the qualitative behavior of $C_V$. A similar finding was observed in Ref.~\cite{Basu:2016ibk} in which authors studied the energy dependence of specific heat  of hadronic matter at freeze-out in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at the  Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) energies within the  ambit of hadron resonance gas model. These authors found a sharp drop in $C_V$ from low collision energy till $\sqrt{s}=62.4$ GeV which then  saturates. Here one should note that the freeze-out  parameters are different in their work and as a result the numerical values of $C_V$ are different.

	In the context of HIC experiments isothermal compressibility $\kappa_T$ is related to the fluctuation in the particle multiplicities, temperature and volume of the system formed. In the grand canonical ensemble framework the charged particle multiplicity fluctuation $\omega_{\text{ch}}$ is given by
	\begin{eqnarray}
	&&\omega_{\text{ch}}=\frac{<N_{\text{ch}}^2>-<N_{\text{ch}}>^2}{<N_{\text{ch}}>} \nonumber \\
	&&=\frac{k_B T<N_{\text{ch}}>}{V}\kappa_T
	\end{eqnarray}
	In the above equation, temperature and volume can be extracted from the mean hadron yield and $\kappa_T$ can be extracted through the event-by-event multiplicity fluctuation measurements.
	In Fig.\ref{sqrts}(b) it can be seen that the compressibility sharply decreases till $\sqrt{s}=25$ GeV, and then it saturates. This indicate that the matter produced in low energy collision experiments is more compressible.
	The effect of repulsive interactions on the magnitude of $\kappa_T$ is quite strong at higher collision energies. The magnitude of $\kappa_T$ for low collision energies is not very different from ideal HRG estimation, while at high collision energies its magnitude is higher as compared to ideal HRG estimations. However, the repulsive interactions does not change the overall behavior of $\kappa_T$. In
	Ref.~\cite{Khuntia:2018non,Mukherjee:2017elm} authors carried out similar studies and, qualitatively, the findings are same as ours.

	In the relativistic hydrodynamic simulation of the matter produced in HIC experiments the speed of sound plays a very crucial role.  The value of $C_s^2$ depends on the degrees of freedom and the interactions. Study of $C_s^2$ carried out in this work has vindicated this fact. We have seen how the behavior of $C_s^2$ changes as new degrees of freedom (massive resonances and baryons) enter the system. We have also shown the effect of the inclusion of repulsive interactions. In the hydrodynamical description of matter produced in HIC,  $C_s^2$ sets the expansion time scale as  $\tau_{\text{exp}}^{-1}\sim\frac{1}{\epsilon}\frac{d\epsilon}{d\tau}=\frac{1+c_s^2}{\tau}$~\cite{Mohanty:2003va}. The thermal equilibrium is maintained only if $\tau_{\text{exp}}>\tau_{\text{coll}}$, where $\tau_{\text{coll}}$ is the collision time.

	The $C_S^2$ rises very rapidly
	at low $\sqrt{s}$ and then it saturates at higher collision energies. Repulsive interaction has quite a strong effect. The magnitude of $C_S^2$ is larger as compared to ideal HRG model as the effect of repulsion increases.   In Ref.~\cite{Mohanty:2003va} authors discussed the sensitivity of the hadronic spectra on  EoS obtained within the ambit of hadron resonance gas model. They found that in fixing the value of freeze-out temperature at $T\sim 120$ MeV from the transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra, the value $C_s^2=1/5$ gives good description of the data for Landau's hydrodynamical model. This value is smaller than ideal gas EoS limit $1/3$. Thus the presence of interactions lowers the value of speed of sound and hence for such system the maintenance of thermal equilibrium is easier. However, we find in the present work that the  speed of sound is higher in magnitude as compared to ideal HRG model when repulsive interactions are taken into account. This has very non-trivial effect on thermalization.  The repulsive interaction would not be able to maintain thermal equilibrium for a long time in the expanding plasma. It would be
	interesting to study the hydrodynamical evolution with EoS which includes the effect of repulsive interactions and its effect on the thermalization.

	\section{Summary and Conclusion}
	\label{secV}
	In this work we have investigated, in the ambit of HRG mean field model, three important thermodynamic quantities which can be used to indicate the phase transition between hadronic and quark-gluon plasma matter: (i) specific heat at constant volume ($C_v$), (ii) isothermal compressibility ($\kappa_T$) and (iii) the speed of sound ($C_s^2$).

	We found that, in case of ideal HRG model,  specific heat increases with increasing temperature which is expected because of the abundant production of heavier hadrons. Nonetheless, HRG model does not show critical behavior due to lack of exponential rise in the spectral density needed to show such critical behavior.  The effect of repulsive interaction is to reduce the magnitude of $C_V$.  If the repulsive interactions are included in HRG model using mean-field approach then this model reproduces the overall behavior of $C_V$ in good agreement with LQCD data. We further found that the effect of repulsive interactions on $\kappa_T$ is very mild, while  its role in case of $C_s^2$  is very nontrivial. With the inclusion of repulsive interactions using mean-field approach $C_S^2$ is found to be in good agreement with the LQCD data over wide range of temperatures and baryon chemical potentials.    So, the repulsive interactions have a very strong bearing on $C_V$ and $C_s^2$.

	We finally discussed the implications of our results in the context of heavy-ion collision experiments. We found that both $C_V$ and $\kappa_T$ are large at low $\sqrt{s}$, then drop sharply as the collision energy increases, and finally saturates at constant value at
	large $\sqrt{s}$. On the other hand $C_s^2$ shows opposite behavior: its value being small at low $\sqrt{s}$, then rises very rapidly as the collision energy increases, and finally saturates to a constant value at high $\sqrt{s}$. Thus, in the context of HIC experiments, all of these quantities found to be strongly sensitive to the strength of repulsive interactions.

	In conclusion, the role of repulsive interactions is very important to understand the QCD phase transition since the observables, sensitive to such phenomena, show strong dependence on hadronic repulsive interactions. However, models which take into account repulsive interactions miss an important feature of QCD: deconfinement. Thus,  to obtain a better understanding of the effect of phase transition
	on these quantities, some model with deconfinement mechanism can be incorporated along with HRG mean field model which we plan to discuss in future.

	\section{Acknowledgement}

	G. K. is financially supported by DST-INSPIRE Faculty research grant number DST /INSPIRE/04/2017/002293. G.K. also thanks Amaresh Jaiswal for useful discussion.  S.P. is financially supported by UGC, New Delhi.	AB thanks Alexander von Humboldt (AvH) foundation and Federal
	Ministry of Education and Research (Gernany) for support
	through Research Group Linkage programme.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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