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ASM Vol.10 No.2 , April 2020
The Use of Natural Products for the Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials
Ana Rosa Jurado1,2, Mirian Jouda-Benazouz1, Loreto Mendoza-Huertas1, Nicolás Mendoza1*
1 Departament of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
2 Instituto Europeo de Sexologia, Marbella, Málaga, Spain.
Abstract: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) affects 40% of the world's females, most of which are disorders linked to desire or interest/excitement. Whilst all types of therapy that attempt to improve female sexual desire have long been established, the results are contradictory. Objective: To analyze all available evidence to validate the effectiveness of natural therapies in the treatment of FSD. Method: The study was registered at http://www.prospero.org (CRD42019127700). We searched the Institute for Scientific Information Web of Knowledge, MEDLINE, Pubmed, Scopus and Cochrane databases for all articles published in peer- reviewed journals in April 2019 (in any language). The PICOS standard is women with FSD; (intervention) of any type of Natural therapy; (outcome) primary outcome: frequency of changes, severity, and average mean scores on sexual symptoms measured with a validated instrument, secondary outcome: quality of life; (study design) and randomized clinical trial (RCT). Results: The literature search strategy identified 95 articles, 81 of which were excluded at the different search stages. Finally, we systematically reviewed 15 RCTs, 11 of which referred to primary FSD, and four of which analyzed women with drug-induced FSD (DFSD). Most of them analyzed hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Although differences related to placebo were found in most people, the majority of the studies are considered to be of poor quality and low external effectiveness. Conclusion: Although the quality of the evidence is not high, most natural product interventions appear to improve FSD, particularly hypoactive sexual desire disorders including those categorized as primary and drug-induced.
Keywords: Female Sexual Dysfunction, Drug-Induced Female Sexual Dysfunction, Sexual Health, Natural Therapies
It is estimated that some type of sexual dysfunction affects 40% of females worldwide, with most being manifest as desire or interest/excitement disorders [1]. The majority of postmenopausal women report symptoms that affect their sexual health, which can either be secondary to vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) or the result of disorders of desire, interest, or excitement [2]. In this regard, there is a close relationship between female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and poor quality of life, which is often associated with psycho-affective problems such as anxiety, melancholy, low self-esteem, or marital problems [3]. However, there are significant problems regarding the manner in which various studies have evaluated "sexual dysfunction" or distress in women, including the use of non-validated instruments [4].
Moreover, the use of any type of formulation that attempts to improve female sexual desire has long been established, although the results are contradictory. A recent meta-analysis has also indicated that placebo accounts for almost 70% of FSD treatment, meaning that any interventions studied to date have reached a lower level than placebo, which emphasizes the need for more treatments that are effective for any type of FSD [5]. However, certain biases are observed in the conclusions of this meta-analysis, such as that the different conditions and different treatments for FSD in this single meta-analysis, or that placebo rates are also high for other conditions or other treatments for women.
The purpose of this systematic review is to analyze all available evidence to validate the effectiveness of natural therapies in the treatment of FSD.
2.1. Selection of Studies
We searched the Institute for Scientific Information Web of Knowledge, MEDLINE, Pubmed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases for all articles (in any language) published in peer-reviewed journals in April 2019 using the search strategy described in Appendix. The search criteria were adjusted for each database as well as the database-specific filters available. Other publications were identified by manually searching through a reference list of papers identified by the search as well as key words, which were hand-searched to select additional publications. We also considered those that were in press in peer-reviewed journals and available online prior to publication.
The PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, Study design) criteria are developed a priori to guide the scope of the review and the procedures, selection, and synthesis of the literature search. The selection criteria were as follows: (population) FSD female; (intervention) any type of natural therapy; (outcome) primary outcome: change in frequency, severity and average mean scores of sexual symptoms measured with a validated instrument; secondary outcome: Quality of life; (study design) randomized clinical trial (RCT). Complete articles that meet the inclusion criteria were reviewed in detail. Other related papers are for reference purposes only.
The exclusion criteria were: other etiologies for FSD and prevention (or treatment) of the FSD.
Key words: female sexual dysfunction, drug induced female sexual dysfunction, sexual health, natural therapies.
PICO question: Can natural products improve FSD, both primary and drug induced?
2.2. Data Extraction
Two independent reviewers (NM and MJ) extracted the data from the included studies using a specifically developed data extraction form based on the selection criteria. The extracted information includes a description of the study, participants, and findings based on the above results. Where there was no data (method or result) of interest in the published paper, we contacted the authors by email.
2.3. Assessment of Study Quality and Data Synthesis
We conducted a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA [6]. The authors (NM, MJ, and AR) conducted an independent search and screening studies to include, extract and examine data and synthesize the results. The authors (NM, MJ, AR and CN) independently determined the adequacy and primary methodological characteristics of the study design to determine the validity of the study. Any disagreements were resolved through discussion and consensus.
As shown in Figure 1 (PRISMA flow diagram), the literature search strategy identified 96 articles, 81 of which were excluded at different stages of the search. Finally, we systematically reviewed 15 RCTs [7] - [21], 11 of which mentioned the primary FSD [8] [13] [15] [21] or hypoactive sexual desire disorders (HSDD) [7] [9] [10] [11] [12] [14] [20]. The other four RCTs analyzed women with DIFSD [16] [17] [18] [19]. A summary of the main features of the selected studies (population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and study design) is displayed in Table 1.
Regarding the characteristics of the intervention, in FSD or HSDD, Tribulus terrestris was used for four studies [9] [12] [13] [14], visnadine (Ammi visnaga) was used for three [15] [20] [21], and ArginMax was used for one [7], red clover (Trifoliumpratense) is used in one [8], Libifem (Trigonellafoenum-graecum) in one [10], Elaeagnus angustifolia in one [11]. Ginkgo biloba leaves were used in one study [16], saffron (Crocus sativus) was used in one [17], and Rosa damascena oil was used in two studies [18] [19].
Placebo-related differences were found in 9 of the studies [7] [8] [9] [10] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [21]. One of the interventions with Tribulus terrestris (750 mg/day for 4 weeks), found placebo-related differences in terms of desire, arousal,
Figure 1. Flow chart of studies.
Table 1. Summary of findings in female sexual dysfunction.
Abbreviations: DFSD: Drug-induced Female Sexual Dysfunction; FSFI: Female Sex Function Index; HSDD: Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder; RCT: Randomized Control Trial; Sexual Function Questionnaire; SFI: Sexual Function Index; SQ-F: Sexual Quotient-female; SSRI: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor; TSH: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone.
aArginMax contains L-arginine, ginseng, ginkgo, damiana, multivitamins and minerals; bred clover extract (MF11RCE) 80 mg isoflavones; cethanolic extract (60% αamyrine); dequivalent to 9.9 g dry herb, standardised to a minimum 50% saponin glycosides; eflowers extract; fstandardized G. biloba extract EGb761; gethanolic stigma's extract (3.5 mg of crocin); h8.5 mg of citronellol/2 ml of R. damascena essential oil.
lubrication, satisfaction and pain, along with Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) total score [9]. The remaining interventions with Tribulus terrestrisim proved scores in all domains, but failed to obtain differences with respect to placebo.
Visasdine is a local treatment applied to the vulvar area 10 min before sexual stimulation. The 3 Visadine interventions are applied in different ways: One of them evaluated the use of spray on demand [15], another evaluated both on demand and daily use, without placebo group [20], whilst a further study assessed the use of Visnadine oil [21]. Both spray and oil produced differences in the FSFI score with respect to placebo [15] [21], although the oil intervention was a pilot study. The other study found results to indicate the efficacy of both daily and on-demand use in women with HSDD [20].
ArginMax was tested in pre, peri, and postmenopausal women, and was found to produce differences with respect to placebo in postmenopausal women with HSDD [7]. Red clover oral supplement, administered at a dose of 80 mg/day for 3 months, improved (p < 0.05) dyspareunia, vaginal dryness, and libido when evaluating women aged over 40 years with FSD [8]. With regard to younger women (20 - 49) with HSDD, the use of Libifem for two menstrual cycles improved sexual desire and arousal when compared with placebo [10].
Studies evaluating the efficacy on DIFSD were concerned with interventions using Ginko biloba [16], Saffron [17], and Rosa damascene [18] [19]. DIFSD was a result of antidepressant medication in three of the studies [16] [17] [18]. Only Ginkgo Biloba and Saffron were found to increase sexual function with respect to placebo in these interventions. The intervention with Ginko biloba consisted of evaluating four groups [16]: one group received 300 mg/day alone, another group received the same dose along with sexual therapy, a further group received sexual therapy alone and a final group were given placebo. Significant differences were found for the Ginkgo biloba + sexual therapy group vs placebo, but not for the group given Ginkgo biloba alone, in terms of increasing sexual desire. The Safron intervention (30 mg/day for 4 weeks) improved sexual function by increasing arousal, lubrication, and reducing pain, but had no effect on sexual desire, satisfaction and orgasm in women with DIFSD due to Fluoxetine [17].
Rosa damascena oil (2 ml/day for 8 weeks) failed to increase sexual function when DIFSD was the result of antidepressant medication [18], but it increased FSFI with respect to placebo when DIFSD was due to methadone [19].
In the majority of the works, FSD (predominantly HSDD) was analyzed as the primary goal of the study. The results were mainly reported with regard to FSFI. In terms of the quality of the studies, most are considered to be of medium to low quality (Table 2), mainly due to the risk of bias, heterogeneity, and small sample size. In addition, the external validity of the studies are very low, since many natural products have been tested in eastern countries where volunteers must be heterosexual and married, and in many cases, the husband has signed a consent form.
Table 2. Quality of studies.
Abbreviations: DFSD: Drug-induced Female Sexual Dysfunction; FIEI: Female Intervention Efficacy Index; FSD: Female Sexual Dysfunction; FSFI: Female Sex Function Index; HSDD: Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder; SQ-F: Sexual Quotient-female.
FSD can affect most women of any age and condition, and when it does, it worsens the quality of their lives. In all of these cases, the predominance of desire disorder is marked by its frequency. An international consensus on the incidence and prevalence of sexual dysfunction shows that there are fewer data available on female dysfunctions than those of males, and FSD increases with age, most commonly with desire disorders, although they are often presented together. Trying to combine data is difficult because it is very different, but the case closest to our environment provides data to indicate an incidence of 20% in women under the age of 25% and 80% in women over 55 years of age [22].
4.1. Why Was It Important to Conduct This Systematic Review?
Despite the growing importance of FSD, there is a lack of research that can assess the efficacy of treatments. In addition, treatment of FSD usually does not include intervention using natural products. This systematic review included only RCTs for the natural intervention of FSD or DIFSD, but not for their prevention.
4.2. Strength
This systematic review presents the state-of-the-art regarding evidence on the effectiveness of FSD natural product interventions. Our search identified 15 studies involving 1000 FSD patients and 880 with HSDD as the primary symptom of FSD (185 of them were DIFSD). The strength of this evaluation is the systematic approach to identifying and assessing existing evidence of FSD-specific sexual intervention.
4.3. What Is New about Other Similar Reviews?
Our review is the first to systematically approach research into the FSD treatments. Two narrative reviews have provided updates on pharmacological treatments [23] and Chinese herbal medicine [24] and conducted a meta-analysis to assess the placebo effect of interventions for female sexual desire [5]. In our systematic review, we also included a study to assess the effectiveness of DIFSD treatment. The participants included 201 FSDs in women with depression as a result of medication.
It was not possible to conduct a meta-analysis due to the heterogeneity of the research and the fundamental design and interventions used.
The studies included in this systematic review differed in design; whilst some studies included a comparison group without additional support for FSD, others compared intervention groups with an active control. Other important limitations to be noted are the small sample size of most studies, dropouts, and follow-up failures, along with the beneficial effects of placebo in many settings [5]. All studies except one [7] were highly biased because they included samples of less than 50 participants per trial. The trial differed not only in the content of the intervention but also in terms of the measurement of the outcome, which limited the joint analysis. In addition, the study lacked safety data. In general, the quality of evidence was lower for most of the included studies (see Table 2).
Regarding the diagnosis of FSD, all studies included heterosexual patients, mostly married couples. We suspect that in some studies, the diagnosis of FSD depends on the husband's opinion. In fact, this is one of the reasons why we did not accept some studies [25].
Women could suffer from DIFSD for a variety of reasons. However, none of the studies indicate whether the problems existed previously or whether they occur because of drugs, other emotional causes, stress, or whether aging itself could be the underlying cause of FSD. All these matters could be considered bias of our study.
4.5. About the Strategies
Generally, there are few RCTs that evaluate the natural treatment of FSD, while those that do exist include small sample sizes and report mixed results.
The Tribulus terrestris extract contains protodioscin. Improvements in sexual function may be due to an increase in serum testosterone levels, particularly bioavailability and freeness, as this leads to an increase in the level of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the human body. According to the results observed in [26], Tribulus terrestris may be an alternative to FSD in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, although it did not generate improvements with respect to placebo in three of the studies analyzed in this systematic review.
Turneradiffusa, commonly known as "Damiana", is a plant used as an aphrodisiac in Latin America, mainly in Mexico [27] showing experimental effects on nitric oxide and anxiolytic pathways. In the RCTs collected in our review, Damiana was mixed with L-arginine, ginkgo, and ginseng, and thus the improvement in FSFI values may be due to the combined effects of these agents.
Saffron (Crocus sativus) has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, neuroprotective and anti-depressant pharmacological effects. Its effect on opioid receptors could explain the reduction of pain during sexual intercourse [28], and an increase in dopamine levels is evidence of an improvement in sexual arousal [29].
Visnadine is an active ingredient of Ammi visnaga fruit, traditionally used for cardiovascular disorders, and has been thought to improve VVA [30].
Turneradiffusa and Ginkgo biloba appear to improve sexual desire by increasing free testosterone and improving vaginal vasodilation.
In traditional medicine, Turneradiffusa has been used to promote digestion, reduce inflammation and fight infections, treat sinusitis, and clear lung congestion. In addition, it is used as a galactogogue, which is associated with an increase in the size of the mother [31].
Ginkgo biloba has been used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with vascular protective function and has been proposed as a treatment for improving the sexual health of women over 50 years of age [32]. In the only article we have included in this systematic review, the effects of Gingko biloba alone on arousal did not differ from placebo [16].
Rosa damascena Mill is one of the most famous ornamental plants in the world, and is used primarily in the perfume industry. Traditionally it has been used as an astringent, analgesic, cardiac and intestinal supplement [33]. Farnia et al. found that this treatment improved male and female drug-induced sexual dysfunctions [34].
Libifem (Trigonella foenum-graecum) is a botanical extract rich in steroidal saponins, which has been found to have estrogenic and androgenic effects and generate improvements in male sexual function [35].
With respect to ArginMax (which contains L-arginine, ginseng, ginkgo, damiana, multivitamins and minerals), the Ito et al. study [7] used a 9-item scale, some items of which are similar to those in the 19-item FSFI and some of which are not, but none of which have been validated. This study also indicates that only 3 of the 9 items showed more success with the supplement than with placebo, and that the 3 differentiating items varied between the 3 subsets analyzed (premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women). Therefore, the Ito study failed to establish a primary endpoint and concluded success, even though no consistent pattern of success was evident either across subpopulations or across the majority of endpoints.
4.6. Future Research
Our systematic review has identified important areas for future research, particularly interventions that increase the impact of several natural products found in this review. In particular, a larger double-blind study should be conducted over a longer follow-up period to assess different treatment strategies for HSDD.
Although the quality of the evidence is not high, most natural product interventions appear to improve FSD, particularly HSDD, including primary and drug-induced forms of the disorder.
This article has been translated and edited by Your English Lab.
((("arousal" [MeSH Terms] OR "arousal" [All Fields]) AND ("disease" [MeSH Terms] OR "disease" [All Fields] OR "disorder" [All Fields])) OR (("hypokinesia" [MeSH Terms] OR "hypokinesia" [All Fields] OR "hypoactive" [All Fields]) AND ("libido" [MeSH Terms] OR "libido" [All Fields] OR ("sexual" [All Fields] AND "desire" [All Fields]) OR "sexual desire" [All Fields]))) OR (("female" [MeSH Terms] OR "female" [All Fields]) AND ("sexual behavior" [MeSH Terms] OR ("sexual" [All Fields] AND "behavior" [All Fields]) OR "sexual behavior" [All Fields] OR "sexual" [All Fields]) AND ("physiopathology" [Subheading] OR "physiopathology" [All Fields] OR "dysfunction" [All Fields])) AND (((("biological products" [MeSH Terms] OR ("biological" [All Fields] AND "products" [All Fields]) OR "biological products" [All Fields] OR ("natural"[All Fields] AND "products" [All Fields]) OR "natural products" [All Fields]) OR (soy[All Fields] AND ("oestrogen" [All Fields] OR "estrogens" [Pharmacological Action] OR "estrogens" [MeSH Terms] OR "estrogens" [All Fields] OR "estrogen" [All Fields]))) OR (soy[All Fields] AND ("phytotherapy" [MeSH Terms] OR "phytotherapy" [All Fields]))) OR ("phytotherapy" [MeSH Terms] OR "phytotherapy" [All Fields])) AND (randomized controlled trial [pt] OR controlled clinical trial [pt] OR randomized controlled trials [mh] OR random allocation [mh] OR double-blind method [mh] OR single-blind method [mh] OR clinical trial [pt] OR clinical trials [mh] OR ("clinical trial [tw] OR ((singl* [tw] OR blind* [tw])) OR ("latin square" [tw] OR placebo [mh]) OR placebos [mh] OR placebo* [tw] OR random* [tw] OR research design [mh:noexp] OR comparative study [mh] OR evaluation studies [mh] OR follow-up studies [mh] OR prospective studies [mh] OR cross-over studies [mh] OR control* [tw] OR prospective* [tw] OR volunteer* [tw] NOT (animal [mh] NOT human [mh]).
Cite this paper: Jurado, A. , Jouda-Benazouz, M. , Mendoza-Huertas, L. and Mendoza, N. (2020) The Use of Natural Products for the Treatment of Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. Advances in Sexual Medicine, 10, 56-69. doi: 10.4236/asm.2020.102004.
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[33] Nayebi, N., Khalili, N., Kamalinejad, M. and Emtiazy, M. (2017) A Systematic Review of the Efficacy and Safety of Rosa damascena Mill with an Overview of Its Phytopharmacological Properties. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 34, 129-140.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2017.08.014
[34] Farnia, V., Tatari, F., Alikhani, M., Shakeri, J., Taghizadeh, M., Karbasizadeh, H., Sadeghi Bahmani, D., Holsboer-Trachsler, E. and Brand, S. (2017) Rosa damascena Oil Improved Sexual Function and Testosterone in Male Patients with Opium Use Disorder under Methadone Maintenance Therapy-Results from a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 176, 117-125.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.02.008
[35] Steels, E., Rao, A. and Vitetta, L. (2011) Physiological Aspects of Male Libido Enhanced by Standardized Trigonellafoenum-graecum Extract and Mineral Formulation. Phytotherapy Research, 5, 1294-1300.
Download as PDF (407KB)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


News A MAN facing arson charges over a $600,000 fishing trawler fire that led to a yacht being sunk in the harbour last year has appeared in court.
News A SPECIALIST police forensic team has collected evidence from the two fire-damaged vessels that lit up the harbour last Friday morning.
News A deckhand has been questioned by police over a fire that destroyed a professional fishing boat and sunk a yacht in an inferno at Coff Harbour.
News POLICE conducting inquiries into a fire at Coffs Harbour's marina which destroyed a fishing trawler and a brand new yacht moored overnight on its way north.


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SPECIFICATIONS: The neoprene mudguard called NeoGuard™ is specifically designed to prevent mud and spray from getting in your face and eyes. Traditional mudguards are fragile and can hold on to pounds of unwanted mud affecting your riding performance and slowing you down. The NeoGuard™ throws the mud off every time the fork compresses keeping your bike light and agile. It is fast and simple to fit and very lightweight, this mudguard is perfect for both downhill or crosscountry and absolutely essential for the weekend warrior. Tuck it into your backpack just in case conditions turn nasty, you'll rarely get mud in your eyes again.


Andy Hoke replied Aug 25, 2015 to So, how long until Iran's theocracy nukes Israel?
"Can God be both omnipotent and absent of free will?"
"Yes. An omnipresent God would necessarily be in hell!."
"On September 13th, 2001 at lunch, my boss asked the group of us 'How could God let t…"
"@ Dr. Bob " Teachers, a career requiring high levels of education and enormously imp…"
""Is Cognative dissonance and terror management the impetus for this vehement hatred…"
Andy Hoke replied Jun 3, 2015 to Cognitive dissonance and terror management.
"I try to avoid labels, but they are almost impossible to avoid. To disagree with som…"
Andy Hoke replied Jun 1, 2015 to Is Atheism an Idea?
"Clark's third law says that 'Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishab…"
Andy Hoke replied Jun 1, 2015 to What, for you, is Science?
"I also just saw The Matrix and I'm cueing up Age of Ultron. Thanks everyone!"
Andy Hoke replied May 28, 2015 to If Bill Gates, Stephen Hawking, and Elon Musk fear AI, should we?
"I just watched Ex Machina. I'm hoping to read some of these posts soon, because AI i…"


Some experts say current market tightening will lead to rate increases across the board and an extended period of more realistic pricing. Others with equally good credentials think the current upturn will be mild and short.
Those who believe the glass is half full predict a continuing upturn. It began with a tighter retrocessional market and is spreading rapidly across the spectrum of traditional reinsurance. The psychology of the business is changing. Reinsurers are focusing on exposures and loss costs instead of market share. Some reinsurers are even said to be withdrawing from inadequately priced programmes. Cut-throat competition is giving way to cost-based pricing, at least for now.
Some insurers faced with renewals at sharply higher rates are turning to alternative catastrophe products to fill out their programmes. Others are looking to the bond market as a way to avoid higher prices for reinsurance products. While these options may restrain excessive price hikes, they're not expected to block the return to more rational pricing in the conventional reinsurance market.
After the industry's dismal performance in 1999, reinsurers are putting profit ahead of market share. While the results may not be dramatic in 2000, the current upturn will translate into significantly improved profits next year. However, many believe it will take a couple of years with successive price increases for the industry to recover.
So, how about those who see the glass as half empty? A recent market analysis from Standard & Poor's pointed out that most reinsurers are underperforming the primary property/casualty industry for the first time in a decade. The cumulative effect of past price reductions, contract extensions and underreserving will darken the outlook. The study concluded that while the market is changing direction with real price increases, future upturns will be considerably less pronounced than in the past.
A.M. Best reported the combined ratio for reinsurers in 1999 shot up to 114.8, 11 points worse than 1998. The fourth quarter combined climbed to 125, thanks to winter storms Lothar and Martin in Europe. Unfortunately, the storms came after many reinsurers had inked contracts for 2000, which prevented them from reflecting these losses in higher prices this year.
S&P reported improvement in 2000 with the combined ratio dropping to 112 for the first quarter. The Reinsurance Association of America reported that the ratio held at 112 through the second quarter. S&P predicts reinsurance premium volume will grow between 3% and 4% this year. If, under the best case scenario, the increase reaches 7%, the industry's combined ratio could return to a healthy 103%. Clearly, there are some restraining influences on the brighter outlook. Merger and acquisition activity is creating larger insurance companies that may require less reinsurance. Elimination of barriers between the financial sectors is creating new competition for reinsurers. Up to now, the capital markets have zeroed in on high-end catastrophe risks. However, as they become more comfortable with insurance, they may begin to provide other reinsurance-type arrangements such as stop-loss protection on adverse development of casualty loss reserves and protection for large losses.
What does all this mean for reinsurers and brokers? The current upturn will substantially improve industry profits in 2001. However, the fiercely competitive nature of our business and the introduction of challenging new products by our Wall Street friends will head off a long-running hard market. The reinsurance industry won't be able to win with conventional reinsurance alone in the new marketplace.
Today's creative brokers see exciting opportunities for growth through specialisation, alternative risk transfer, global outreach and the wholesale sector. Brokers that once specialised exclusively in traditional products are offering innovative catastrophe coverage that provides multi-year protection in hard and soft markets. Instead of only selling time-worn, off-the-shelf products, they're working with clients to determine the best mix of traditional and non-traditional products to meet their clients' needs year in and year out. Finite reinsurance and related financial products have been refined over the years to meet regulatory requirements. Today, these products are a staple offering in the marketplace.
Global outreach is an essential strategy for reinsurers and brokers facing a mature market in the US and western Europe. International business is one of the strongest growth areas. Reviving economies across Asia and expanding opportunities for foreign insurers in China are creating greatly increased demand for reinsurance. Major brokers also are focusing on the growth potential of Latin America.
In addition, reinsurance brokers are moving into the wholesale sector. Some are forming or acquiring managing general agencies that market and underwrite specialty products. They seek synergistic relationships in which reinsurance is an important part of the package. Whether the glass is half full or half empty, companies can be winners if they're willing to branch out, to develop new products, to enter new business sectors and to create profitable niches.
Mechlin D. Moore is President of MDM Communications, which provides consulting services in marketing, public relations, editorial and public affairs to clients in the property/casualty insurance business.


std::ws. Normally this manipulator isn't needed because the formatted input functions automatically skip leading whitespace.
std::ios_base::failbit is set for the stream indicating that something went wrong.
The code doesn't directly compare the comma character to the result of peek() but instead obtains a value from widen().
input operator doesn't work because it would require binding the temporary stream to a non-const reference which isn't allowed.
there is a suitable reference available for other input operators to bind the stream to.
All this program does is to write a million lines of 80 characters plus a newline. Depending on whether the program received a command line parameter it either uses std::endl or the custom manipulator ::nl to terminate lines. To make a fair comparison ::nl is implement like std::endl i.e. as a function template. Since the character type isn't known, it needs to widen the newline character '\n'. Running this program on my machine shows a factor of about 6 between the time the programs take! The version using endl take a bit more than 3 second while the version using ::nl only take about 0.5 seconds.
This extra flushing the stream causes the file to write each block multiple times instead of just once when the buffer has become full. This easily slows down I/O intensive operations and my cause a bottleneck. Thus, don't use std::endl unless the flush is actually intentional. Also note that std::cerr is already setup to flush the stream after every individual output operation. This is done using the flag std::ios_bse::unitbuf which is initially set for std::cerr. To turn this off you can use the formatter std::nounitbuf and to turn it on you would use std::unitbuf.


Yesterday, a lot's in numbers of Twitter account belonging to some major online media's, celebrities, and organisation were got hacked.
Hackers tweeted same message from all hacked accounts which contains ads and a link leading to a spammy site. This spam website used to gain more twitter followers as shown in pictures.
Account of NTBS, Sky News, The New Yorker Magazine. Gaming giants PlayStation and Xbox, other account of footballer Lionel Messi, actor Charlie Sheen , Red Cross and The Economist.


Potential bidders of goods and services to the City of Niagara Falls are encouraged to complete the following Electronic Bidder Registration Application. Following completion of all required information, click on the Save button at the bottom of the form.
Although only one (1) telephone number and (1) E-mail address is required, it is recommended that alternate numbers be stated to ensure your company can be contacted,if required, by the City. By submitting this form, the bidder will be placed on the City's electronic bidder's register (bidder's list).
Bidders are to note that this register is for information purposes only and does not guarantee that they will be contacted by the City for any upcoming bid opportunity. It is the bidder's responsibility to check the City's Bid Opportunities page often to view open bid opportunities.
Product Lines and Services offered by your company. Use the CTRL key on your keyboard to select multiple categories.


DV8 Offroad bumpers are all trail tested and proven designs! 3/16 inch and 1/4 inch cold rolled steel, .120 wall tubing, high degree angles and raised corners, Solid D-ring mounts w/ rings included. All bumpers come in textured black powdercoating. Rear midsize bumper with a class 3 hitch. For 2007-2018 Jeep Wrangler all models. Easy installation, no modifications needed and hardware included.


text:
January 6, 2015 Matthew Campbell Announcement, Article, Discussion, Events, Grants, Scholarships
Story Corps (opportunity)
From Native News Network, here.
StoryCorps, in partnership with the American Library Association (ALA) Public Programs Office, is accepting applications from public libraries and library systems interested in hosting StoryCorps @ your library programs.
Funded by a grant from the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS), StoryCorps @ your library will bring StoryCorps' popular interview methods to libraries while developing a replicable model of oral history programming.
Program guidelines and the online application are available at apply.ala.org/storycorps. The application deadline is Feb. 6.
Ten selected sites will receive:
a $2,500 stipend for project-related expenses;
portable recording equipment;
a two-day, in-person training on interview collection, digital recording techniques and archiving on April 8-9, 2014, led byStoryCorps staff in Brooklyn, New York (Note: Travel and lodging costs will be covered by StoryCorps.);
two two-hour planning meetings to develop a program and outreach strategy with StoryCorps staff in March 2015;
promotional materials and technical and outreach support;
access to and use of StoryCorps' proprietary interview database.
Each library will be expected to record at least 40 interviews during the six-month interview collection period (May-October 2015). In addition, each library must plan at least one public program inspired by the interviews they collect. Local libraries will retain copies of all interviews and preservation copies will also be deposited with the Library of Congress.
This StoryCorps @ your library grant offering represents the second phase of the StoryCorps @ your library project, following a pilot program in 2013-14. Read more about the pilot libraries at http://www.ala.org/programming/storycorps and http://www.storycorps.org/your-library.
About ALA's Public Programs Office
ALA's Public Programs Office provides leadership, resources, training and networking opportunities that help thousands of librarians nationwide develop and host cultural programs for adult, young adult and family audiences. The mission of the ALA Public Programs Office is to promote cultural programming as an essential part of library service in all types of libraries. Projects include book and film discussion series, literary and cultural programs featuring authors and artists, professional development opportunities and traveling exhibitions. School, public, academic and special libraries nationwide benefit from the office's programming initiatives.
About StoryCorps
StoryCorps' mission is to provide people of all backgrounds and beliefs with the opportunity to record, preserve and share their stories. Each week, millions of Americans listen to StoryCorps' award-winning broadcasts on NPR's Morning Edition. StoryCorps has published three books: Listening Is an Act of Love and Mom: A Celebration of Mothers from StoryCorps, and All There Is: Love Stories from StoryCorps — all of which are New York Times bestsellers. For more information, or to listen to stories online, visit storycorps.org.
The Institute of Museum and Library Services
The Institute of Museum and Library Services is the primary source of federal support for the nation's 123,000 libraries and 35,000 museums. Our mission is to inspire libraries and museums to advance innovation, lifelong learning, and cultural and civic engagement. Our grant making, policy development, and research help libraries and museums deliver valuable services that make it possible for communities and individuals to thrive. To learn more, visit www.imls.gov and follow us on Facebook and Twitter.
Tagged Culture, Library
ICT – Making American Indian Children a Priority
CPR – Bill to assess Indian-themed school mascots to hit Colorado Legislature


text:
Salvador González Marco, ismertebb nevén: Voro (Valencia, 1963. október 9. –) spanyol válogatott labdarúgó, edző.

Pályafutása

Klubcsapatban
Pályafutását szülővárosában, a Valencia különböző korosztályos csapatainál kezdte. 1982 és 1984 között Valencia Mestalla játékosaként játszott először felnőtt szinten. Ezt követően másfél évi kölcsönben szerepelt a CD Tenerife csapatánál. 1985-ben visszatért és nyolc szezonon keresztül játszott a Valenciaban. 1993-ban a Deportivo La Coruña igazolta le. 1995-ben spanyol kupa és szuperkupa győzelmet ért el a Deportivoval. 1996-ban a CD Logroñés szerződtette. Az 1996–97-es szezon végén kiestek az élvonalból. 1999-ben a másodosztályban fejezte be pályafutását.

A válogatottban
1993 és 1995 között 9 alkalommal szerepelt a spanyol válogatottban. Részt vett az 1994-es világbajnokságon.

Edzőként
Edzői pályafutását 2002-ben kezdte a Valencia Mestalla-nál. A Valenciat több alkalommal is megbízott edzőként irányította. 2017 óta segédedzői feladatokat lát el.

Sikerei, díjai
Deportivo La Coruña
Spanyol kupa (1): 1994–95
Spanyol szuperkupa (1): 1995
Valencia
Spanyol másodosztály (4): 1986–87

Források

Külső hivatkozások

1963-ban született személyek
Élő személyek
Spanyol labdarúgók
Spanyol labdarúgóedzők
Labdarúgóhátvédek
BEK-győztes labdarúgók
A Valencia labdarúgói
A CD Tenerife labdarúgói
A Deportivo de La Coruña labdarúgói
A CD Logroñés labdarúgói
A Valencia CF vezetőedzői
Az 1994-es világbajnokság labdarúgói
A La Liga edzői

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
February 1, 2022 by arlowiley
Listen to the Gobbledygeek Season 13 Premiere – "Triskaidekaphobia"
13! 13 godforsaken seasons of Gobbledygeek! Ma ah ah!
Gobbledygeek episode 459, "Triskaidekaphobia," is available for listening or download right here, on Spotify, and on Apple Podcasts.
You're in luck–season 13 of Gobbledygeek is here. Everyone's favorite more or less (emphasis on less) weekly podcast returns with a look at the horrors 2022 has in store. How are Paul and Arlo feeling, two years into a pandemic? How dissatisfied are they with the goons running this whole show? Would they survive the apocalypse? At a certain point, the boys remember they're supposed to be doing a pop culture show. Paul heads to Station Eleven, while Arlo finds The Lost Daughter and runs to Flee. Whistle through the graveyard with your podcast pals!
NEXT: more good-time goofs from your friends at Gobbledygeek.
"Back in the Saddle" by Aerosmith, Rocks (1976)
"Jerry Springer" by "Weird" Al Yankovic, Running With Scissors (1999)
GOBBLEDYCARES
National Suicide Prevention Lifeline: https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/
Support AAPI communities and those affected by anti-Asian violence: https://www.gofundme.com/c/act/stop-aapi-hate
Support the AAPI Civic Engagement Fund: https://aapifund.org/
Support Black Lives Matter and find anti-racism resources: https://blacklivesmatters.carrd.co/
Advocate for writers who might be owed money due to discontinuance of royalties: https://www.writersmustbepaid.org/
Help teachers and classrooms in need: https://www.donorschoose.org/
Do your part to remove the burden of medical debt for individuals, families, and veterans: https://ripmedicaldebt.org/
Register to vote: https://vote.gov/
This entry was posted in Shameless Self-Promotion and tagged amin nawabi, animation, apocalypse, apple podcasts, cartoons, coronavirus, covid, covid-19, dagmara dominczyk, dakota johnson, documentary, drama, elena ferrante, emily st john mandel, film, gobbledygeek, hbo, hbo max, himesh patel, jen psaki, joe biden, jonas poher rasmussen, libsyn, mackenzie davis, maggie gyllenhaal, movies, olivia colman, pandemic, podcast, politics, sci-fi, science fiction, spotify, station eleven, television, the lost daughter. Bookmark the permalink.
← Listen to the Gobbledygeek Season Finale, "The Muppet Christmas Carol"
Listen to Gobbledygeek Episode 460 – "MCUTV: Hawkeye (feat. Michael Holland)" →


text:
Sympathy for the Parents
Grey's Anatomy: 6x19
When Alex's younger brother, Aaron, shows up at Seattle Grace-Mercy West with a hernia, it's up to Alex to get Bailey's approval for his pro bono surgery. Matters are further complicated when Aaron discloses that his family has not heard from Alex since he arrived in Seattle, and parts of Alex's past long kept secret are revealed to his friends and fellow doctors.
Good Mourning Sep. 24, 2009
Goodbye Sep. 24, 2009
I Always Feel Like Somebody's Watchin' Me Oct. 01, 2009
Tainted Obligation Oct. 08, 2009
Invasion Oct. 15, 2009
I Saw What I Saw Oct. 22, 2009
Give Peace a Chance Oct. 29, 2009
Invest In Love Nov. 05, 2009
New History Nov. 12, 2009
Holidaze Nov. 19, 2009
Blink Jan. 14, 2010
I Like You So Much Better When You're Naked Jan. 21, 2010
State of Love and Trust Feb. 04, 2010
Valentine's Day Massacre Feb. 11, 2010
The Time Warp Feb. 18, 2010
Perfect Little Accident Mar. 04, 2010
Push Mar. 11, 2010
Suicide is Painless Mar. 25, 2010
Sympathy for the Parents Apr. 01, 2010
Hook, Line and Sinner Apr. 29, 2010
How Insensitive May. 06, 2010
Shiny Happy People May. 13, 2010
Sanctuary May. 20, 2010
Death and All His Friends May. 20, 2010


text:
Free Florida First at the Confederate Memorial in Tampa
I put together a photo essay of our day at the Confederate Memorial in Tampa.
Click below to view the PDF file:
http://libcfl.org/sermons/Tampa_Flag.pdf
CLICK HERE to view a PDF of the paper that I compile every week.
If you would like to be added to our email list and receive the paper every week, CLICK HERE and fill out the form.
Posted by Greg Wilson at 6:34 AM No comments:
We've lost a dedicated Southern Patriot in Anthony Hervey.
Anthony has long been a faithful advocate for the Southern Cause.
Here is an announcement from the SCV (Sons of Confederate Veterans)
The SCV Mourns The Loss Of Anthony Hervey22 July 2015
The Sons of Confederate Veterans has lost a brave and articulate friend and America has lost an independent voice for racial reconciliation and understanding. Anthony Hervey of Oxford, Mississippi was a warrior for his beliefs and those beliefs were rooted in a passionate and unequivocal understanding that he was a proud Son of the South.
His death, on Sunday, July 19th, appears to be because of the way he lived his life. Mr. Hervey and a companion, Arlene Barnum of Enid, Oklahoma were returning from a Confederate Flag celebration in Birmingham, Alabama when his car was forced off the road near Oxford by a carload of men who apparently were chasing him down. The Ford Explorer he was driving skidded and then rolled over several times, killing Hervey and injuring Ms. Barnum.
We of the Sons are outraged by this murderous act, and expect all law enforcement agencies to vigorously pursue a full investigation and to bring justice for Anthony Hervey and his family. We have called for the United States Justice Department's Civil Rights Division to enter the investigation, for it is clear that he was killed because of his opinions and his race. Mr. Hervey was an African-American, as was his passenger, Ms. Barnum. Anthony Hervey's outspoken support of Confederate Heritage appears to have played a part in this incident.
Hervey was well known as an unapologetic defender of the Confederacy and its symbols. He often appeared on television and radio stating his opinions and debating with any and all. He was the author of "Why I Wave the Confederate Flag: Written by a Black Man."
We ask that every member pray for justice, understanding, and especially for the family of Mr. Hervey as they endure his passing. We also asked prayers for the brave Arlene Barnum as she heals from the attack. Both she and Mr. Hervey had family members who fought for the Confederacy.
We will never forget this brave warrior who fought for the healing of the South and helped to build a bridge to brotherhood. For he was indeed our brother.
Charles Kelly Barrow
Sons of Confederate Veterans
Here is a quote from an article in the Alabama Political Reporter further documenting Anthony's life and specifically the rally that he attended immediately before his death:
"Anthony Hervey addressed the gathered crowd for the 'Monumental Dixie Rally'. Hervey told the people present there were no millionaire lawyers and businessmen standing with them today; because they are embarrassed to associate with working class Whites but when they need southern boys, White Southern boys and Black Southern boys, to fight their wars they come to us. Then, when we come back home they limit our freedom of speech and perpetuate an erosion of our gun rights."
You can read the entire article here:
http://alreporter.com/archives/2015/146-state/7999-author-activist-dies-after-addressing-southern-heritage-rally.html
Another tribute to Anthony may be accessed here ( Research Online):
http://www.researchonline.net/freedom/anthony_hervey.htm#.VbCsfbNVikq
Contributions to Anthony's widow may be made here:http://www.gofundme.com/hervey
Someday Anthony may be counted as the first casualty in the Third War of Independence.
War Against the South
The First War of Imperial Aggression against the South was initially intended to be, at least on the part of some of its leaders, a war of annihilation.
General W. T. Sherman wrote of the purpose of the war in a letter to his wife on July 31, 1862: "Extermination, not of soldiers alone, that is the least part of the trouble, but the [Southern] people." His charming and nurturing wife Ellen wrote back that her fondest wish was for a war "of extermination and that all [Southerners] would be driven like the Swine into the sea."
Because of the great costs involved in pursuing their war, the yankees were stopped short of their ultimate goal, and for a time shifted their wars of extermination to the Native American populations. They now seem ready to once again undertake the complete destruction of the Southern people, though I expect the costs for them will still be extremely high.
War is now being made against, not only the living, but the dead, as these ghouls seek to remove all remembrance of the past and in some cases even dig up the remains of Confederate leaders and their families (see the recent actions of the City Council of Memphis).
No remembrance can remain of those men who had the courage to stand up to the repressive and tyrannical central government that emanated from Babylon on the Potomac. After all, such remembrances just might give those currently under Washington's thumb some inconvenient ideas.
George Orwell reminds us: "The most effective way to destroy people is to deny and obliterate their own understanding of their history."
Orwell elaborated upon that premise in his book, 1984. His main character, Winston Smith, attempted to explain the actions of the regime to his love interest: "Every record has been destroyed or falsified, every book rewritten, every picture has been repainted, every statue and street building has been renamed, every date has been altered. And the process is continuing day by day and minute by minute. History has stopped. Nothing exists except an endless present in which the Party is always right."
There can be no doubt but that Leviathan seeks the utter and total destruction of the Southern people. It may soon extend to the physical realm as well. As Sherman noted, they must eventually eliminate us, else the tyrant must ever be looking over his shoulder.
It may be that the state is banking on the notion that the people cannot prevail in an armed confrontation with the state. They certainly seem hell-bent on bringing about such a confrontation -- exactly as they did in the 1860's.
I am neither a prophet, nor the son of a prophet, but I do stand with my Revolutionary War ancestors who affirmed: "Rebellion to Tyrants is Obedience to God."
I know not what the outcome of all this may be, but seek to maintain the same perspective as did General Robert E. Lee: "At present, I am not concerned with results. God's will ought to be our aim, and I am quite contented that His designs should be accomplished and not mine."
I have for a long time now kept a sidearm strapped to my hip, pretty much 24/7. Yes, even when I am in the pulpit. Recently I started to keep an AR very close at hand, generally slung over my shoulder, just to set myself in the right frame of mind, if nothing else.
The words of Captain John Parker to his militia on Lexington Green come to mind: "Stand your ground. Don't fire unless fired upon, but if they mean to have a war, let it begin here." These are words that we would do well to take to heart.
Until these self-made deities of the state have achieved their goal of open warfare, I think our best course of action is to continue to secede in mind and heart and to encourage the establishment and maintenance of a shadow culture where we may support and encourage one another. We must abjure the corrupt realm and seek to establish our own. How long the tyrants will allow us to do so peacefully remains to be seen.
I don't expect peace in this world, though I may yearn for it. Rather, with Abraham, I look for a city which hath foundations, whose builder and maker is God. Until then, by the Grace of God, I will continue on.
These Thirty Years the LORD Our God Hath Been with Us; We Have Lacked Nothing
This Sunday, July 12, 2015, Landmark Baptist Church will be marking its 30th year as one of the Lord's churches and I will be marking my 30th year as her pastor.
Not quite forty years, but we still closely identify with this verse that was written concerning ancient Israel:
Deu 2:7
For the LORD thy God hath blessed thee in all the works of thy hand: he knoweth thy walking through this great wilderness: these forty years the LORD thy God hath been with thee; thou hast lacked nothing.
We have always been but a handful of folks, sometimes a bit larger than we are now, and sometimes a bit smaller. Frequently folks are surprised that we are as small as we are, given that we have been at this for such a long time.
I have learned this one thing: it is much easier for us to deal with those that the Lord has added than with those that I might add.
Act 2:47
Praising God, and having favour with all the people. And the Lord added to the church daily such as should be saved.
The folks in the Lord's little flock here in Archer know why they are here and they all want to be here.
The Lord saved me as a young man many years ago in an Independent Baptist Church. Shortly after that I was convinced that the Lord was calling me to preach, but in my later teen years I pretty much took off in my own direction. (Yeah, you know how that worked out for Jonah don't ya'?)
Anyway, I ended up attending a state university and graduating with a degree in history. At the time all I wanted to get out of college was my commission in the US Marine Corps. To say that I was not in the center of God's revealed will would be a huge understatement, but in those years, the Lord gave me the best wife that any man ever had, a wife that has grown with me through the years and truly been a help meet.
While I was in the Marine Corps the Lord used some circumstances and friends to bring me back to a closer walk with Himself. After some initial resistance I resigned my commission and headed off to cemetery seminary. What adventures we had there! Actually, I attended three different seminaries in three different states before I found one that I could stomach long enough to complete my three-year post-graduate degree.
Let me pause here and make these assertions. First, I would never recommend that any Christian or Southerner join the military forces of the Amerikan Empire. Second, I would never recommend that anyone called to preach attend a seminary in order to prepare for ministry in one of the Lord's churches. Third, my Sovereign Lord used both of these things, in His providence, to prepare me for the ministry to which He called me.
And we know that all things work together for good to them that love God, to them who are the called according to his purpose.
Eventually I asked for the blessing of the church that we were members of to return to my hometown and start a new work there. Landmark Baptist Church held its first service in my home in Homestead, Florida on July 14, 1985.
Though we have not seen great growth in numbers or finances (nickels and noses), we have grown tremendously as individuals and as a church in both knowledge and in the spirit.
In 1992 we lost our little meeting house in South Florida to Hurricane Andrew. Subsequently we ended up losing virtually our entire congregation as well. In the next year or so, as we were seeking the Lord's direction for the future, a former member, who was completing his education degrees at the University of Florida, wondered if we would at least consider relocating to North Central Florida as he could find no place to go to church.
The Lord prepared the way before us and led us to a perfect residence in which the bottom floor could serve as the meeting house for His church.
Through the years He has provided secular employment for both my wife and me. Thankfully we have both been able to recently retire.
Presently our congregation consists of my ever faithful wife; that former member who asked for us to consider the move to North Central Florida; a brother, whom the Lord led to us via a letter I had written to the editor of the local paper; and a brother who meets with us weekly from Indiana via Skype, and who travels to be with us in person at least once a year. The Lord has also been pleased in recent months to send several families to visit with us as well.
Lord willing, this Sunday I will revisit an old message that will be updated by events of recent years: "Why Are We Still Here?" You can see the outline of that message in this recently updated article: http://libcfl.org/articles/still.htm
Of a truth we can say: these thirty years the LORD our God hath been with us; we have lacked nothing.
By His grace we will continue on so long as He gives us the ability to do so and the assurance that it is His will that we do.
And that, friends, is truly a very long story made very short! I could hardly do justice to our Sovereign Lord's mercy, provision, protection, and guidance. He is indeed ever faithful!
End of the Road, Amerika!
Much of my sermon this past Sunday dealt with the matter of the embracing of sodomite "marriage" by the United States of America. I'll not duplicate that sermon here. If you are interested you may listen to it at this link:
http://libcfl.org/sermons/062815_1.wma
What I will say is that sodomy indicates the end of the road for any people.
According to Romans 1, sodomy does not bring God's judgment, it IS God's judgment.
When God has given up on a people, He turns them over to the unnatural lusts of homosexuality.
For many years we have been traveling down the road of destruction until we have come to the point that as a nation we now "have pleasure in them that do" these unclean, dishonorable, vile, unnatural, disgraceful, things (Romans 1:32; these descriptions of sodomy are taken from Romans 1).
Legally these despicable sins may now to be redefined as "marriage," should the practitioners of them desire it to be so. But they will never be marriage before the Sovereign God of the universe.
Amerika is finished and I'm finished with Amerika, though I have to admit I arrived at that conviction long before this past weekend.
I will not salute the candy striped rag.
I will not recite the socialist pledge to that rag.
I will encourage all Christians and all Southerners to avoid service in the Empire's military.
My true citizenship is in heaven (Phil. 3:20).
In the earthly realm, until the Lord calls me home, I acknowledge but one earthly country.
Free Florida First at the Confederate Memorial in ...
We've lost a dedicated Southern Patriot in Anthony...
These Thirty Years the LORD Our God Hath Been with...


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By Christoph Balsiger
Safety checks before going into the shooting gallery.
Talking shop before the competition.
Assault rifles, carbines and pistols are the weapons of choice.
Where the munition is distributed.
60 shooters take part in the competition at a time.
Competitors have to shoot over a distance of 300 metres.
The carbine, the old Swiss army gun, is still a favourite.
Better luck with the next shot...
This year more men, women and young people returned to the competition.
Ear plugs and protection are essential, but fingers will also do if needs be.
Pistol shooting takes place over a distance of 25 or 50 metres.
The village children help out with the competition.
People enjoy the get-together, which is not just about shooting.
Shooting is a national sport, but for most people taking part is more important than winning.
This content was published on November 27, 2007 4:12 PM Nov 27, 2007 - 16:12
The biggest shooting competition in the world.
Shooting competitions took place across the whole of Switzerland over the first weekend of June, including in Überstorf, in canton Fribourg. Around 2,000 people from the region took part. In Switzerland as a whole, the number of participants was around 146,000. The annual event mixes sport and competition with a party atmosphere. (Photos and text: Christoph Balsiger, swissinfo)
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Federal Prohibition Agent Major A. Hart
United States Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service - Bureau of Prohibition
United States Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service - Bureau of Prohibition, U.S. Government
End of Watch Saturday, July 16, 1927
Major A. Hart
Federal Prohibition Agent Major Hart was killed in an automobile accident while on duty New York state. The accident occurred at 7:00 pm on the State Highway between Buffalo and Rochester. Another car was backing out of a driveway, causing Agent Hart's vehicle to swerve and flip over in a ditch. Agent Hart, who was the passenger, was killed. His partner did not receive any injuries.
Agent Hart was a US Army veteran of the Spanish-American War and WWI. He had served with the Internal Revenue Service - Bureau of Prohibition for four years and was survived by his sister.
Age Not available
Tour 4 years
Military Veteran
Cause Automobile crash
Location New York
To fully appreciate the heroes of the present, we must recognize our heroes of the past. Your heroism and service is honored today, the 86th anniversary year of your death. I am priviliged to be among the first to leave a tribute to you. Your memory lives and you continue to inspire. Thank you for your service. My cherished son Larry Lasater was a fellow police officer who was murdered in the line of duty on April 24, 2005 while serving as a Pittsburg, CA police officer.
Time never diminishes respect. Your memory will always be honored and revered. Rest In Peace.
Phyllis Lasater Loya
mom of fallen Pittsburg (CA) Officer Larry Lasater


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Q: Relation/meaning between momentum and contours of constant equal phase of a wave function Sometimes, mainly due to my limited knowledge of experimental modern physics, whenever I fancy and think about quantum physics, things appear really amusing and counter intuitive, and when if I don't get them resolved, I can't help but think about it all the time and waste a lot of precious time. As a part of it is this question. Apologies if my question appears too naive.
This question is about intuition behind a certain postulate/consideration and need not necessarily correspond to any physical reality. (So I expect some intuitive answers and not just like oh, it has been experimentally proven many times, at the moment i don't care about experiments until I acquire sufficient knowledge in theoretical side.
Question :
Consider a DeBroglie matter wave (I couldn't get any formula or equation of it from googling), what I am interested in is the equation of the Debroglie wave and explanation of all the physical parameters in it and reasons why it was formulated.
Then of course how it is said that $p = hk/{2\pi} $.
The Puzzle
Consider the quantum mechanical wave $$\psi(x,t) = e^{i(kx-\omega t)}$$(although not a valid one, I have considered it for simplicity)
Now consider the phase of $\psi(x,t)$ given as $\phi(x,t) = kx-\omega t$ and let $(x_{\theta},t_{\theta})$ be the set of points of constant phase, that is $\phi(x_{\theta},t_{\theta}) = \theta$. Observe that in a any local region, $d{x_{\theta}}/d{t_{\theta}} = \omega /k $. This apparently seems puzzling considering the way the DeBroglie momentum is proportional to $k$. Wonder is there any deeper meaning or intuition behind this? Appreciate your comments and suggestions.

A: The conditions that your de Broglie wave (also known as the plane wave) $\psi$ obey is simply
$$i\hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial t }\psi = \omega \psi$$
and
$$-i\nabla\cdot \psi = \vec k \cdot \psi $$
which says that the plane wave has the right energy $E=\hbar\omega$ and the right momentum $\vec p = \hbar \vec k$, respectively. In QM, these simple equations result from the simple quantum mechanical definitions of the operator of momentum and from Schrödinger's equation that is as simple as the first equation above when there is no potential energy etc. Usually we add potential energy terms or consider otherwise complicated Hamiltonians instead of just writing a number $\omega$ on the right hand side.
Your $dx_\theta / dt_\theta = \omega / k$ was calculated according to the recipe to calculate the so-called "phase velocity". Your resulbecause $\omega / k = E/p = 1/v$ in special relativity, assuming we include the total energy including $E_0=m_0c^2$ into $E$. So it's not $v$.
You may also choose the convention for $E$ that is just $p^2/2m$ for a small $p$, the non-relativistic formula subtracting $mc^2$. In that case, the phase velocity won't correspond to the actual speed of the particle, either, although it will be closer: the phase velocity will be $mv^2/2/mv = v/2$. But the "group velocity" (also the speed of small enough wave packets) given by $\partial \omega / \partial k$ will still coincide with the expected speed of the particle $v$ because the extra factor of two comes from differentiating the second power.
There's nothing wrong for the speed to be given by $\omega / k$ even though $k$ is directly and not indirectly proportional to the momentum. The different powers of $k$ are compensated by the fact that there's the extra $\omega$ in the formula which also depends on $v$. The non-relativistic result which gave us the phase velocity almost equal to the group velocity had $\omega=mv^2/2\hbar$ so aside from the factor of $1/2$, it was proportional to the second power of $v$, exactly enough to change $1/v$ to $v$.

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July 13, 2019 · by Paul Boyne	· in Film, Lists.	·
What's the opposite of a long take? The first four top 25 lists I put together for this blog were matching pairs: scariest scenes and funniest scenes, endings and beginnings. Last year I focused on scenes that go for two minutes or more without a cut. The opposite of that, naturally, would be something like a subliminal shock insert. Unfortunately, I can only think of a couple notorious examples of that — hardly list-making material. Next, I considered the cut itself, that bedrock tool of filmmaking language that, like the wind, is only visible by its effects. But that gave me problems too. I could write a whole essay about the famous match cut in Lawrence of Arabia, but few other individual transitions sprung to mind, and most that did were of the repetitive "shot/reverse shot" variety. They don't call it the invisible art for nothing. The whole point is to direct our attention to the images, not the glue holding them together.
…Unless, of course, we consider sequences in films that are specifically built around editing. There are two main types, which sometimes overlap: the montage and the cross-cutting sequence. The word montage simply refers to the juxtaposition of images, but for my purposes it refers to sequences in which the editing makes leaps forward in time. Cross-cutting leaps through space — parallel actions in different places, or perhaps one character trying to reach another. Both kinds are distinct from the standard movie scene, which occurs basically in real time regardless of how it's cut together. The thrill of seeing a motion picture image follow unexpectedly from another goes back to the first decade of the twentieth century, and it continues to be intuitively understood today. These sequences accomplish something that can't be done in any other art form.
So I hit the ground running and came up with a list of 25. It still wasn't quite as easy to make as my previous lists. Looking over my favorite movies, I couldn't think of very many montages or cross-cutting sequences. (As has happened before, I'll probably remember several as soon as I publish this.) The internet wasn't much help either. For one thing, the word montage has a very specific vernacular meaning bolstered by years of parody. We can call it Rocky Syndrome. A related problem is that most of the lists of "montages" I found seem to presume that movies were invented in the 1980s. Of course, I'm one to talk. Fully sixty percent of the movies I list below are from the 80s or later. Also, in contrast to the long takes list, my choices here are almost exclusively drawn from mainstream and American cinema. The results are not that illuminating, in other words, but sometimes you have to go with the obvious choice. Finally, any sequences that appeared on those previous lists were disqualified from showing up again, and there were a few that would otherwise fit the bill.
25. Spider-Man 2 (2004) — "I'm Spider-Man no more"
Editor: Bob Murawski
1 minute 43 seconds, 13 shots (Average shot length: 7.92 seconds)
Possessing that rarest of qualities for modern mainstream blockbusters, a visual sense of humor, Spider-Man 2 has many standout sequences, but this is the one that fits my definition of a montage. To the tune of "Raindrops Keep Fallin' On My Head," here is what it feels like for Peter Parker when he's inexplicably lost his powers and can taste a normal life for a little while. It feels wrong, which is the source of much of the comedy.
24. An American in Paris (1951) — "What's she like?"
Editor: Adrienne Fazan
Director: Vincente Minnelli
2 minutes 40 seconds, 11 shots (ASL: 14.55 seconds)
The allure of this sequence doesn't have much to do with editing, actually. It's all about that eye-popping Technicolor decor and Leslie Caron's flexibility (in more than one sense of the word).
23. School of Rock (2003) — Teaching montage
Editor: Sandra Adair
2 minutes 8 seconds, 18 shots (ASL: 7.11 seconds)
Here's the first of a couple montages I'm listing that do in fact belong in the Rocky lineage: the satisfying portrayal of the process of training or improving in something, which "fast-forwards" through the hard parts or the boring parts. In this case, it's Jack Black's character finding improbable success teaching prep school kids about rock music.
22. Adaptation (2002) — "How did I get here?"
Editor: Eric Zumbrunnen
Director: Spike Jonze
56 seconds, 24 shots (ASL: 2.33 seconds)
This is a hilarious minute of film that comes out of nowhere right at the beginning of the movie. Struggling with depression, the main character wonders about the meaning of his life and apparently needs to run through the entire history of the planet in his head before he can even begin to think about the question. It's a quick, self-lacerating jab at pretension.
21. Man with a Movie Camera (1929) — The editor
Editor: Elizaveta Svilova
Director: Dziga Vertov
2 minutes 18 seconds, 41 shots (ASL: 3.37 seconds)
I had to have at least one sequence from Soviet silent cinema on here. The segment I chose from this legendary piece of editing craftsmanship might not be the most impressive or the fastest, but it offers a peek behind the curtain, with Svilova herself appearing as a character. We see developed film stock, and then we see those images in motion, a movie literally taking shape before our eyes.
20. Ocean's Eleven (2001) – "I don't understand. What happened to all that money?"
Editor: Stephen Mirrione
Director: Steven Soderbergh
1 minute 9 seconds, 13 shots (ASL: 5.31 seconds)
There are other great montages in Ocean's Eleven, depicting the planning and execution of the central heist, but I'll go with the last one, which puts a cap on everything with one last surprise (concerning a SWAT team and a videotape).
19. Annie Hall (1977) – "Seems Like Old Times"
Editor: Ralph Rosenblum
Director: Woody Allen
It's a familiar trope in love stories now, the recap of some of the special times the characters shared that comes just before the end. This one still holds up, laced as it is with contented melancholy and no sentimentalism as far as I can tell.
18. Ratatouille (2007) — Alfredo the puppet
Editor: Darren Holmes
Director: Brad Bird
2 minutes 12 seconds, 55 shots (ASL: 2.4 seconds)
This one is another "process" montage, with an even stranger premise than School of Rock: a rat who wants to be a chef slowly learns how to control the movements of a human by tugging his hair. Training for sports is just too straightforward, I suppose. At any rate, this is another very funny twist on the concept.
17. The Social Network (2010) — Facemash
Editors: Angus Wall & Kirk Baxter
Director: David Fincher
7 minutes 3 seconds, 191 shots (ASL: 2.21 seconds)
Montage and cross-cutting combine here, as events unfold over one long night at Harvard. Mark Zuckerberg does some fancy computer stuff while one of the school's final clubs hosts a party, all of it thrumming to the same intoxicating nocturnal rhythm (courtesy of Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross) without ever masking its fundamental emptiness.
16. A Goofy Movie (1995) — "To the open road"
Editor: Gregory Perler
Director: Kevin Lima
1 minute 33 seconds, 37 shots (ASL: 2.51 seconds)
Not to be confused with "On the Open Road," one of several terrific songs in this nostalgic favorite, the montage I'm thinking of comes much later in the proceedings. Max and his dad finally become friends and enjoy some of the diverse experiences this country has to offer, from baseball and roller coasters to the world's largest house of yarn and a New Orleans mime.
15. The Godfather Part II (1974) — "Hail Mary"
Editors: Peter Zinner, Barry Malkin & Richard Marks
Director: Francis Ford Coppola
Superficially a redo of the ending of the first movie, in which Michael Corleone takes a decisive grip on power by killing off all his enemies at the same time, this is a subtler and even more disturbing take on the idea, given the fate of cinema's great middle child, Fredo. The sequence also takes place on a smaller scale than the original, which is not something that can be said about a sequel all that often.
14. The Forbidden Room (2015) — "The Book of Climaxes"
Editor: John Gurdebeke
Directors: Guy Maddin & Evan Johnson
2 minutes 12 seconds, 112 shots (ASL: 1.18 seconds)
In one sense, it's just what that name, "The Book of Climaxes," sounds like — one thrilling set piece after another, the culminations of dozens of stories all playing out simultaneously through dissolves and superimpositions. But if you know anything about Guy Maddin, you'll know that it's a million times weirder than that.
13. Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (2005) — Obi-Wan vs. Anakin & Yoda vs. Sidious
Editors: Roger Barton & Ben Burtt
Director: George Lucas
I'm telling you, it's great when they shut up! There's plenty with which to be frustrated when it comes to the spotty emotional stakes, but the action is still fierce and fluid, with two lightsaber duels each devolving into desperate struggles against forbidding environments. We can thank and/or blame Lucas for how much every blockbuster now feels like a video game.
12. Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939) — Monuments
Editors: Gene Havlick & Al Clark
Director: Frank Capra
I listed some godless communist product with #21, so to even things out here's the most godful slice of apple pie you've ever seen. All joking aside, it's a wonderful multi-layered montage of D.C. landmarks, all erupting together in a perfect representation of Jefferson Smith's patriotic pride before settling down into a solemn, daunting trip to the Lincoln Memorial.
11. Moonrise Kingdom (2012) — New Penzance tour
Editor: Andrew Weisblum
Director: Wes Anderson
48 seconds, 9 shots (ASL: 5.33 seconds)
It's by far the simplest montage on this list, if not quite the shortest (see #19). Bob Balaban, striking a few poses as he addresses the camera in a series of symmetrical compositions, lists important facts about the (fictional) island of New Penzance.
10. Cinderella (1950) — The key & the slipper
Editor: Donald Halliday
Directors: Clyde Geronimi, Hamilton Luske & Wilfred Jackson
This is about as suspenseful as anything in the Disney canon, as two mice climb some stairs, trying to free Cinderella in order to thwart her stepmother's plot. Lucifer the cat intervenes, and all the while there's some comical business with the stepsisters and their dreadfully non-tiny feet.
9. A Page of Madness (1926) — The dance
Editor: Not credited
Director: Teinosuke Kinugasa
5 minutes 23 seconds, 160 shots or so (ASL: ~2.02 seconds)
One would have to slow down the film considerably to get an accurate count of the shots in this opening sequence. I'm itching to try it, but it's enough for now to note that it's a wild beginning to an incredible film, cutting between a torrential rain outside and the delusions of a girl dancing until her feet bleed inside an asylum cell.
8. The Decline of Western Civilization (1981) — "Attention!"
Editors: Charlie Mullin & Peter Wiehl
Director: Penelope Spheeris
This is another straightforward concept executed tremendously well. The lead singers of the participating punk bands alternate reading a disclaimer to their audiences, ensuring that everyone consents to appearing in the film. It's exactly the right kind of sneering playfulness to kick things off (Phranc of the band Catholic Discipline growling through the whole speech, Lee Ving of Fear affecting a German accent, etc.).
7. The Prince of Egypt (1998) — The Plagues
Editor: Nick Fletcher
Directors: Brenda Chapman, Steve Hickner & Simon Wells
Briskly covering eight of the ten plagues in one musical sequence accomplished two things: it helped keep this animated version of the Exodus story under 100 minutes, and it prevented that story from lingering on the terrible suffering those plagues entailed. But the sequence commands the right kind of terror and awe while keeping the focus on Moses and Pharaoh.
6. Citizen Kane (1941) — "News On The March"
Editor: Robert Wise
Director: Orson Welles
Here's another montage with fierce competition from its own film. The "breakfast table" sequence is more innovative, and the opera sequences are thrilling. Citizen Kane, maybe you've heard of it. I picked this one because it's so much fun, cheekily previewing the whole plot and hinting at the main question: who was this famous guy, really?
5. Toy Story 2 (1999) — "When She Loved Me"
Editors: Edie Bleiman, David Ian Salter & Lee Unkrich
Directors: John Lasseter, Ash Brannon & Lee Unkrich
This is the Randy Newman-penned, Sarah McLachlan-sung musical sequence that turned one of Pixar's funniest movies into one of its most moving as well. Jessie's story is told economically and beautifully, with evocative images of sunlight, dust and that tree with a tire swing. The tragedy of immortality in two and a half minutes.
4. Sherlock Jr. (1924) — Climbing onto the screen
Editor: Buster Keaton
Director: Buster Keaton
2 minutes 11 seconds, 9 shots (ASL: 14.56 seconds)
A conundrum: is it still a montage if it's technically one shot? This famous image of a screen within a screen does all kinds of fascinating theoretical work while still being immaculately funny. Daffy in Duck Amuck followed in Buster's footsteps: the hapless hero tossed about by, of all things, conventional film grammar. No less than the Soviet theorists, Keaton got at something fundamental.
3. Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (1983) — The Battle of Endor
Editors: Sean Barton, Marcia Lucas & Duwayne Dunham
36 minutes 26 seconds, 716 shots or so (ASL: ~3.05 seconds)
This time I really am cheating. The climax of Return of the Jedi is less a "sequence" than three short films spliced together, each its own tale of snatching victory from the jaws of defeat. Say what you will about the teddy bear warriors fighting a bunch of idiots in plastic armor, the tripartite structure is truly great, setting the bar for ambition for every blockbuster epic to follow.
2. The Godfather (1972) — The baptism scene
Editors: William Reynolds & Peter Zinner
I can't help going with the most basic film-bro pick here. It's too good — one of the truest expressions of a solemn sort of irony. The scene unfolds in meticulous detail, alternating between the Catholic rites and the six assassins making their preparations. The violence is done, and we return to Michael's face, giving nothing away.
1. The Tree of Life (2011) — "That's where God lives!"
Editors: Hank Corwin, Jay Rabinowitz, Daniel Rezende, Billy Weber & Mark Yoshikawa
Director: Terrence Malick
The Tree of Life is a movie that consists almost entirely of montages, with very little in the way of traditional scenes. Picking one is incredibly difficult, though they distinguish themselves stylistically, thematically and musically. This central segment plays to the tune of Bedřich Smetana's tone poem The Moldau and may be the one truly unassailable portion of Malick's grandiose vision. You can call the creation sequence pretentious, the ending hackneyed, though I love both. But this sequence, which traces Jack's life from early childhood to his Hunter McCracken form, is wall-to-wall loveliness and imagination, stirring and pure and always surprising.
Tags: animation, Citizen Kane, editing, Favorites, Francis Ford Coppola, Movies, Pixar, silent, Star Wars, Terrence Malick
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Two seasons after being pick seven in the 2016 draft, Jack Scrimshaw has been traded for basically nothing to Hawthorn.
As we said regarding Setterfield, it's hard to tell early whether a draftee who completely fails to break into a side is a slow starter or just a regular draft bust. We've imputed a value for him along the lines of our treatment of first year players.
Originally a utility, but with the most potential as a taller defender right now, Scrimshaw's four games in 2017 were less poorly rated than Setterfield, but he's been traded for a lot less. Instead, Scrimshaw is being rated as much closer to the alternative valuation historically due a player with four games in two years, which is not much more than zero future PAV.
There's a couple of reasons for this. Scrimshaw has a little more exposure at the top level, and hasn't set the world alight. His 11 games in the NEAFL this year displayed flashes of potential, but by the same token he didn't star at the lower levels like Setterfield did in his limited time in 2017. He was only named in the best six players three times in a lot of very depleted Suns NEAFL sides this year.
Hawthorn's third round pick could be as high as 37 if they crash down the ladder, or 46 if they just miss finals, while the Suns future fourth rounder could slip backwards from 56 if they rise up the ladder. On the most likely outcomes, the difference between the two picks is 4.1 PAVs, which inherently values Scrimshaw at around that. That's less than pick 90 according than our Draft Pick Value Chart.
However, even if the extreme outcomes were to happen, the trade still looks quite unbalanced, with 20.2 the maximum PAV difference between a third and fourth round pick. If Hawthorn get practically anything out of Scrimshaw, much less the sort of promise that Scrimshaw presumably showed to be selected at pick 7, they've made out like bandits here.
Verdict: Unfair trade. Extremely Hawthorn-weighted trade.
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