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Mate (x) ›
The Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) radiometric calibration and uncertainty budget for ocean color satellite sensor vicarious calibration,
For the past decade, the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY), an autonomous radiometric buoy stationed in the waters off Lanai, Hawaii, has been the primary in-water oceanic observatory for the vicarious calibration of U. S. satellite ocean color sensors, including the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) instruments on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Terra and Aqua satellites. The MOBY vicarious calibration of these sensors supports international efforts to develop a global, multi-year time series of consistently calibrated ocean color data products. A critical component of the MOBY program is establishing radiometric traceability to the International System of Units (SI) through standards provided by the U. S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). A detailed uncertainty budget is a core component of traceable metrology. We present the MOBY uncertainty budget for up-welling radiance and discuss approaches in new instrumentation to reduce the uncertainties in in situ water-leaving radiance measurements., Cited By (since 1996):10, Oceanography, Art. No.: 67441M, CODEN: PSISD, ,
Brown, Flora, Feinholz, Yarbrough, Houlihan, Peters, Yong, Mueller, Johnson, Clark
The feasibility of bomb radiocarbon analysis to support an age-at-length relationship for red abalone, Haliotis rufescens swainson in northern California,
Cited By (since 1996):2, Downloaded from: www.bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.2983/0730-8000-27.5.1177 (3 July 2014)., , , ,
Leaf, Andrews, Cailliet, Brown
Radiometric characterization and absolute calibration of the Marine Optical System (MOS) Bench Unit,
The Marine Optical System (MOS) is a dual charge-coupled device (CCD)-based spectrograph system developed for in-water measurements of downwelling solar irradiance E d and upwelling radiance L u. These measurements are currently used in the calibration and validation of satellite ocean color measurement instruments such as the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of view Sensor (SeaWiFS). MOS was designed to be deployed from a ship for single measurements and also integrated into the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) for longer time series datasets. Measurements with the two spectrographs in the MOS systems can be compared in the spectral interval from about 580 to 630 nm. In this spectral range, they give different values for L u or E d at a common wavelength. To better understand the origin of this observation and the sources of uncertainty in the calibration of MOBY, an MOS bench unit was developed for detailed radiometric characterization and calibration measurements in a laboratory setting. In the work reported here, a novel calibration approach is described that uses a tunable laser-based, monochromatic, spatially uniform. Lambertian, large area integrating sphere source (ISS). Results are compared with those obtained by a conventional approach using a lamp-illuminated ISS. Differences in the MOS bench unit responsivity between the two calibration approaches were observed and attributed to stray light. A simple correction algorithm was developed for the lamp-illuminated ISS that greatly improves the agreement between the two techniques. Implications for water-leaving radiance measurements by MOS are discussed., Cited By (since 1996):2, CODEN: JAOTE, , , Downloaded from: journals.ametsoc.org/ (13 June 2014).
Habauzit, Brown, Lykke, Johnson, Feinholz, Yarbrough, Clark
Initiation of long-term coupled microbiological, geochemical, and hydrological experimentation within the seafloor at North Pond, western flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 336 successfully initiated subseafloor observatory science at a young mid-ocean-ridge flank setting. All of the drilled sites are located in the North Pond region of the Atlantic Ocean (22°45'N, 46°05'W) in 4414-4483 m water depth. This area is known from previous ocean drilling and site survey investigations as a site of particularly vigorous circulation of seawater in permeable 8 Ma basaltic basement underlying a <300 m thick sedimentary pile. Understanding how this seawater circulation affects microbial and geochemical processes in the uppermost basement was the primary science objective of Expedition 336. Basement was cored and wireline-logged in Holes U1382A and U1383C. Upper oceanic crust in Hole U1382A, which is only 50 m west of Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) Hole 395A, recovered 32 m of core between 110 and 210 meters below seafloor (mbsf). Core recovery in basement was 32%, yielding a number of volcanic flow units with distinct geochemical and petrographic characteristics. A unit of sedimentary breccia containing clasts of basalt, gabbroic rocks, and mantle peridotite was found intercalated between two volcanic flow units and was interpreted as a rock slide deposit. From Hole U1383C we recovered 50.3 m of core between 69.5 and 331.5 mbsf (19%). The basalts are aphyric to highly plagioclase-olivine-phyric tholeiites that fall on a liquid line of descent controlled by olivine fractionation. They are fresh to moderately altered, with clay minerals (saponite, nontronite, and celadonite), Fe oxyhydroxide, carbonate, and zeolite as secondary phases replacing glass and olivine to variable extents. In addition to traditional downhole logs, we also used a new logging tool for detecting in situ microbial life in ocean floor boreholes-the Deep Exploration Biosphere Investigative tool (DEBI-t). Sediment thickness was ∼90 m at Sites U1382 and U1384 and varied between 38 and 53 m at Site U1383. The sediments are predominantly nannofossil ooze with layers of coarse foraminiferal sand and occasional pebble-size clasts of basalt, serpentinite, gabbroic rocks, and bivalve debris. The bottommost meters of sections cored with the advanced piston corer feature brown clay. Extended core barrel coring at the sediment/basement interface recovered <1 m of brecciated basalt with micritic limestone. Sediments were intensely sampled for geochemical pore water analyses and microbiological work. In addition, high-resolution measurements of dissolved oxygen concentration were performed on the whole-round sediment cores. Major strides in ridge-flank studies have been made with subseafloor borehole observatories (CORKs) because they facilitate combined hydrological, geochemical, and microbiological studies and controlled experimentation in the subseafloor. During Expedition 336, two fully functional observatories were installed in two newly drilled holes (U1382A and U1383C) and an instrument and sampling string were placed in an existing hole (395A). Although the CORK wellhead in Hole 395A broke off and Hole U1383B was abandoned after a bit failure, these holes and installations are intended for future observatory science targets. The CORK observatory in Hole U1382A has a packer seal in the bottom of the casing and monitors/samples a single zone in uppermost oceanic crust extending from 90 to 210 mbsf. Hole U1383C was equipped with a three-level CORK observatory that spans a zone of thin basalt flows with intercalated limestone (∼70-146 mbsf), a zone of glassy, thin basaltic flows and hyaloclastites (146-200 mbsf), and a lowermost zone (∼200-331.5 mbsf) of more massive pillow flows with occasional hyaloclastites in the upper part.
Edwards, Backert, Bach, Becker, Klaus, Griffin, Anderson, Haddad, Harigane, Campion, Hirayama, Mills, Hulme, Nakamura, Jørgensen, Orcutt, Insua, Park, Rennie, Salas, Rouxel, Wang, Russel, Wheat, Sakata, Brown, Magnusson, Ettlinger
Application of bomb radiocarbon chronologies to shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) age validation,
Age estimation is an issue for the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, because of disagreement on vertebral band-pair deposition periodicity. In the 1950s-1960s, thermonuclear testing released large amounts of radiocarbon into the atmosphere, which diffused into the ocean through gas exchange. This influx created a time-specific marker that can be used in age validation. Annual band-pair deposition in the porbeagle, Lamna nasus, was validated in a previous study and indicated preliminary annual deposition in the shortfin mako, using four samples from one vertebra. In the present study, age estimates from 54 shortfin mako vertebrae collected in 1950-1984 ranged 1-31 years. Ageing error between readers was consistent, with 76% of the estimates ranging within 2 years. Twenty-one Δ14C values from eight shortfin mako vertebrae (collected in the western North Atlantic in 1963-1984) ranged -154.8‰ to 86.8‰. The resulting conformity with the Δ14C timeline for the porbeagle supported annual band-pair deposition in vertebrae of the shortfin mako. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., Cited By (since 1996):19, Fish and Fisheries, CODEN: EBFID, ,
Ardizzone, Cailliet, Natanson, Andrews, Kerr, Brown
Age validation of canary rockfish (Sebastes pinniger) using two independent otolith techniques,
Canary rockfish (Sebastes pinniger) have long been an important part of recreational and commercial rockfish fishing from south-east Alaska to southern California, but localised stock abundances have declined considerably. Based on age estimates from otoliths and other structures, lifespan estimates vary from ∼20 years to over 80 years. For the purpose of monitoring stocks, age composition is routinely estimated by counting growth zones in otoliths; however, age estimation procedures and lifespan estimates remain largely unvalidated. Typical age validation techniques have limited application for canary rockfish because they are deep-dwelling and may be long-lived. In this study, the unaged otolith of the pair from fish aged at the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada was used in one of two age validation techniques: (1) lead-radium dating and (2) bomb radiocarbon (14C) dating. Age estimate accuracy and the validity of age estimation procedures were validated based on the results from each technique. Lead-radium dating proved successful in determining that a minimum estimate of lifespan was 53 years and provided support for age estimation procedures up to ∼50-60 years. These findings were further supported by Δ14C data, which indicated that a minimum estimate of lifespan was 44 ± 3 years. Both techniques validate, to differing degrees, age estimation procedures and provide support for inferring that canary rockfish can live more than 80 years. © CSIRO 2007., Cited By (since 1996):12, Fish and Fisheries, CODEN: AJMFA, ,
Andrews, Kerr, Cailliet, Brown, Lundstrom, Stanley
Genetic substructure of the pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) off Washington, Oregon, and California
Genetic substructure among groups of Pacific harbor seals, Phoca vitulina richardsi, along the western coast of the United States was investigated using mitochondrial DNA sequences. Blood and tissue samples were removed from 86 seals inhabiting Puget Sound and the Pacific coasts of Washington, Oregon, and California. A 320 base-pair segment of the control region was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced. These data indicated a high level of diversity. Thirty variable sites were found that define 47 mitochondrial haplotypes. Among groups of P. v. richardsi sampled, 5 haplotypes were shared, but most (42) were unique to a locality. Haplotypic frequency and an Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) revealed significant differences (P = 0.001) among regions. Phylogenetic analysis indicated Puget Sound seals possess unique divergent lineages not found in seals from the coasts of Washington, Oregon, and California. These lineages may represent haplotypes from north of Washington, which is consistent with late reproductive timing of harbor seals from Puget Sound., Cited By (since 1996):19, CODEN: MMSCE, Marine Mammals, Birds & Turtles Harbor Seals
Lamont, Vida, Harvey, Jeffries, Brown, Huber, Delong, Thomas
Pelagic communities and sound scattering off Santa Barbara, California
Ebeling, Cailliet, Ibara, DeWitt, Jr., Brown, Farquhar
Stray light correction algorithm for multichannel hyperspectral spectrographs,
An algorithm is presented that corrects a multichannel fiber-coupled spectrograph for stray or scattered light within the system. The efficacy of the algorithm is evaluated based on a series of validation measurements of sources with different spectral distributions. This is the first application of a scattered-light correction algorithm to a multichannel hyperspectral spectrograph. The algorithm, based on characterization measurements using a tunable laser system, can be extended to correct for finite point-spread response in imaging systems. © 2012 Optical Society of America., Cited By (since 1996):1, Oceanography, CODEN: APOPA, ,
Feinholz, Flora, Brown, Zong, Lykke, Yarbrough, Johnson, Clark
Breaking with tradition: Redefining measures for diet description with a case study of the Aleutian skate Bathyraja aleutica (Gilbert 1896),
Characterization of fish diets from stomach content analysis commonly involves the calculation of multiple relative measures of prey quantity (%N,%W,%FO), and their combination in the standardized Index of Relative Importance (%IRI). Examining the underlying structure of dietary data matrices reveals interdependencies among diet measures, and obviates the advantageous use of underused prey-specific measures to diet characterization. With these interdependencies clearly realized as formal mathematical expressions, we proceed to isolate algebraically, the inherent bias in %IRI, and provide a correction for it by substituting traditional measures with prey-specific measures. The resultant new index, the Prey-Specific Index of Relative Importance (%PSIRI), is introduced and recommended to replace %IRI for its demonstrated more balanced treatment of the relative measures of prey quantity, and less erroneous behavior across taxonomic levels of identified prey. As a case study, %PSIRI was used to examine the diet of the Aleutian skate Bathyraja aleutica from specimens collected from three ecoregions of the northern Gulf of Alaska (GOA) continental shelf during June-September 2005-2007. Aleutian skate were found to primarily consume the commonly abundant benthic crustaceans, northern pink shrimp Pandalus eous and Tanner crab Chionoecetes bairdi, and secondarily consume various teleost fishes. Multivariate variance partitioning by Redundancy Analysis revealed spatially driven differences in the diet to be as influential as skate size, sex, and depth of capture. Euphausiids and other mid-water prey in the diet were strongly associated with the Shelikof Strait region during 2007 that may be explained by atypical marine climate conditions during that year. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V., Cited By (since 1996):2, Fish and Fisheries, CODEN: EBFID, ,
Brown, Bizzarro, Cailliet, Ebert
Methods of capturing, handling, and tagging harbor seals,
Jeffries, Brown, Harvey
An outbreak of probable leptospirosis in California sea lions along the Oregon coast during fall 1984,
Cited By (since 1996):1, Export Date: 23 May 2014, , , ,
Hodder, Harvey, Graybill, Brown, Ebberts
Analysis of bomb generated radiocarbon (14C) changes in a red abalone, Haliotis rufescens Swainson shell was used to evaluate age-at-length relationships derived from data from a previous multiyear, multisite tag-recapture study. Shell carbonate was extracted from four successive growth trajectory locations in a single shell with a maximum shell length of 251 mm. Extraction locations were based on Von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) predictions and chosen to span the initial rise of the 14C-bomb pulse that is known to have occurred in surface ocean waters during 1958 ±1 y in the northeast Pacific. The close temporal correspondence of the red abalone sample series to regional Δ14C records demonstrated the utility of the technique for validating age-at-length relationships for the red abalone. The findings provided support for a mean VBGF derived age of 32 y (range 30-33 y) for the specimen; however, the analysis of 14C data indicated that the specimen could be older., Cited By (since 1996):1, CODEN: JSHRD, , , Invertebrates
Stray-light correction algorithm for spectrographs,
In this paper, we describe an algorithm to correct a spectrograph's response for stray light. Two recursion relations are developed: one to correct the system response when measuring broad-band calibration sources, and a second to correct the response when measuring sources of unknown radiance. The algorithm requires a detailed understanding of the effect of stray light in the spectrograph on the instrument's response. Using tunable laser sources, a dual spectrograph instrument designed to measure the up-welling radiance in the ocean was characterized for stray light. A stray-light correction algorithm was developed, based on the results of these measurements. The instrument's response was corrected for stray light, and the effects on measured up-welling in-water radiance were evaluated., Cited By (since 1996):27, Oceanography, CODEN: MTRGA, ,
Brown, Johnson, Feinholz, Yarbrough, Flora, Lykke, Clark
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Andrews (4) + -
Harvey (3) + -
Jeffries (2) + -
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Kim (2) + -
Leaf (2) + -
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Crisis Catalyzes Demand For Digital Infrastructure
MoneyStamps Of South America - As Investments, They're Different – Part 1
Covid-19 Related Municipal Defaults Begin
The Dynamics Of Price Discovery In The Stamp Market
Apr 21, 2020, 11:21am EDT
Armenia – A Study In Dead Country Stamps
Defining Moneystamps
Brazil Moneystamps
Mar 24, 2020, 11:48am EDT
Covid-19 Virus Affect On The Stamp Market
Mar 4, 2020, 06:00pm EST
U.S. MoneyStamps: 50 Best Buys
Feb 21, 2020, 02:16pm EST
Korea MoneyStamps
Wall Street Thinks Petrobras Should Sell Its Offshore Oil Assets
Kenneth RapozaSenior Contributor
I write about business and investing in emerging markets.
Petrobras is the most powerful company in Brazil. It's oil fields keep it from defaulting.
Word on the Street is that Petrobras would look more "serious" if it started shedding some of its prized possessions: the oil rich fields in Brazil's deepwater Atlantic.
"Selling pre-salt oil absolutely makes Petrobras look more serious," Javier Murcio, a fund manager for Standish Mellon Asset Management told FORBES recently. "Pre-salt oil is a politically charged asset. But it makes a lot of sense for the financial position of their company to sell some of their stakes in those fields. That would be welcome by the market in many ways."
Last Friday, Reuters reported that off-record sources had told them that Petrobras was willing to sell 10% of its 40% stake in the Libra oil field off the coast of Rio de Janeiro. That was the first hint in the media that such a divestiture was on the table. The oil firm quickly moved to discredit the sources, but a key phrase in the statement stood out: "We are not considering, at this moment, a sale of our stake in Libra." At this moment. That's where the money is.
A sale of 10% of their Libra stake would be worth around $1.5 billion, according Macquarie. The Brazilian oil giant, caught in a dragnet of political scandal of epic proportions, promised to sell $15 billion in assets by the end of next year. So far they have sold less than 10% of that. New CEO Aldemir Bendini was brought on board to put Petrobras through shock and awe, and cutting investment in an effort to make the company's mega $130 billion debt more manageable.
Petrobras shares are down over 85% in the last five years.
Regardless of the bloodletting in the oil market, and an embarrassing bribery scandal, Petrobras is one of the most interesting oil companies in the world because of its pre-salt oil discoveries made back in 2006.
When Bendini was brought on board this year he said he was not selling pre-salt assets. Friday's statement that they were not selling "at this time" gives bond lords and oil magnates something to watch closely. Oil firms would love to buy an oil field on the cheap without having to test to see if there's any oil there. Bond managers would like to see Petrobras controlling its debt, in hopes it can one day be rerated out of speculative grade.
"Petrobras too big too fail," says Murcio. "I cannot say that you should be buying Petrobrs bonds and I am sure no one is buying any Petrobras asset like crazy these days because of all of these challenges they face. The headline looks terrible. It's a race against time."
Gallery: World's Biggest Oil Companies - 2015
Kenneth Rapoza
I've spent 20 years as a reporter for the best in the business, including as a Brazil-based staffer for WSJ. Since 2011, I focus on business and investing in the big
I've spent 20 years as a reporter for the best in the business, including as a Brazil-based staffer for WSJ. Since 2011, I focus on business and investing in the big emerging markets exclusively for Forbes. My work has appeared in The Boston Globe, The Nation, Salon and USA Today. Occasional BBC guest. Former holder of the FINRA Series 7 and 66. Doesn't follow the herd.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Willow Creek Park, 1117 Teg Drive, will be closed beginning Wednesday, May 1, 2019 due to park renovations. The project is expected to be complete by fall 2019.
On April 14, 2019, Iowa City Animal Services received notification of a resident who was bitten by a cat. According to the information provided, the bite occurred around 6:00 p.m. that day near 1425 Sycamore St. The victim was getting a cat free from a fence and got bit. Once the cat was freed, it ran away. The cat is described as a gray tabby.
Grab your baskets, bags and boxes and make your way to the Iowa City Farmers Market to load up on local handcrafted, homemade and homegrown goods and produce. As in years past, Iowa City's Farmers Markets will be held on Wednesdays and Saturdays at Chauncey Swan Ramp, 405 E. Washington Street.
Iowa City Update is a weekly video featuring City of Iowa City projects, programs and events. Topics this week include a public meeting on the City's deer management plan, a new lacrosse program, and more. Click the image below to watch Iowa City Update .
The Iowa City Equity and Human Rights Office will recognize area high school teachers for their inclusive teaching at an award ceremony to be held at 1:30 p.m. on Friday, June 28, 2019, at the Iowa City Public Library, Meeting Room A, 123 S. Linn Street.
Keep it 100 and take part in the inaugural Trueblood 100 Family Bike Ride from 1 to 6 p.m. on Sunday, May 12, 2019 at the Terry Trueblood Recreation Area.
The City of Iowa City Water Division began the annual fire hydrant flushing and maintenance program on Monday, April 9, 2019, which will continue throughout the summer.
Fire hydrants are a crucial public safety component, providing water for fire protection, as well as to flush the municipal water system after a water main break or service work. Hydrants will be inspected and repaired to ensure reliability during emergencies.
How much do you know about the environment and sustainability? Let's find out with this Earth Day Eco Trivia!
Earth Day Eco Trivia will be held on Monday, April 22, 2019 from 6 to 8 p.m. at the East Side Recycling Environmental Education Center, 2401 Scott Blvd SE. Admission is free, and there will be prizes for the winners. This event is family-friendly.


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Q: How to create numuerous pages in laravel at once from mysql ids I need to create numeros files in Laravel each having it's own incremental number:
page1.blade.php; page2.blade.php ... ecc incrementing the number of the page automatically.
I can't create the pages manually because i have to create more than 192 pages.
I know that's not the best way, but i have to do it like so even if i don't want to.
I want to create the pages using the function:
$page_number = $articles->id / 8
how can i do it?
$articles is the result of a query from mysql database.

A: First of fall - are you sure you're using the right approach? I am struggling to find a reason why would you use so many blade files when they're supposed to be only templates and not the pages themselves.
If you still think that this is the right approach, then you can implement it like this -
// Query the articles from the database
$articles = Article::all();

foreach ($articles as $article) {
    $pageNumber = $article->id / 8;
    $filename = 'page' . $pageNumber . '.blade.php';
    File::put(resource_path('views/' . $filename), '');
}

Please make sure you import the File facade for it work (use Illuminate\Support\Facades\File;)

A: Welcome to SO.
You don't ever want to create that many files for articles. You want to create a template file and just provide data over there.
@extends('layouts.app')

@section('content')
Provided data for articles

@forelse($articles as $article)
{{ $article->title }}
{{ $article->body }}
@empty
Couldn't find any articles. Try later!
@endforelse
@endsection

This is what templates look like. Read more here.
This is how you can get the data.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: Selling a Script Built on a PHP Framework There are a ton of PHP frameworks out there (i.e. Zend, Seagull, Symfony, CodeIgniter, CakePHP, Yii, Prado) that do a great job of implementing important pieces of a scalable/maintainable website, and I almost always pick one to start building client websites.
As of recently, I've started getting tired of providing constant development services to clients, and I'm looking at the possibility of writing more full-featured commercial scripts that can be resold over and over again in the hopes of finding that magical "recurring revenue stream" that you always hear about in fairy tales. Please note that I'm not talking about building extensions/plugins to CMS systems like Drupal or Joomla, but full blown website scripts.
So here's my multi-part question:

*

*Is there any reason why I couldn't resell a script built on one of these frameworks as a full-blown turn-key solution (especially if the framework's licensing is something very flexible, like the BSD license)?

*If not, why aren't others doing the same thing?

*Have you ever seen a commercial PHP script that is based on a well-known open source framework?

I've wondered this for years, and no one I ask has ever really come up with a good explanation. It just seems like it is taboo to do so, and no one really knows why? I've seen commercial scripts that use third party libraries (i.e. jQuery, PHPmailer, etc), but never have I seen one built entirely on an application framework.

A: It really seems that a lot of people have missed the true nature of the question and even taken it as far as language debates (those never end well).

Is there any reason why I couldn't resell a script built on one of these frameworks as a full-blown turn-key solution (especially if the framework's licensing is something very flexible, like the BSD license)?

Assuming the framework license permits it then there's no reason you couldn't do this. You had mentioned Zend Framework so you may be interested in looking at Magento. While they offer a free community edition they also have a paid edition that works with the Zend Framework as well.
I recently worked with a file upload script that was offered commercially and it happened to be built on codeigniter (name escapes me at the moment).

If not, why aren't others doing the same thing?

My personal opinion is that it's a mix of quite a few factors really. The web based market for on premise applications (as apposed to SaaS) is already flooded with options and is starting to shrink in size. This makes less demand for an application that you would actually see the framework behind (with SaaS you most likely will never know what framework if any is being used).
A lot of the existing large players in the PHP market have been around for a while and already have their own code base that they have created and are familiar with. When you've spent years building your own libraries it's hard to justify moving to another framework.
A lot of the smaller players rarely educate themselves in proper application design and usually stick to procedural code. The big OOP features that exist in PHP today didn't come along until the 5.0 release. Mind you that was around 5 years ago but a lot of your programmers had started on their PHP tutorials and learning adventures before PHP5 was widely available and accepted on standard hosting accounts. As such most of our modern frameworks were not available CakePHP as an example didn't start until 2005. Zend framework wasn't around until 2007. These are all relatively new dates and I wouldn't expect to see a lot of commercial applications moving to them until the current generation of programmers that can write quality commercial applications age a bit (again just my opinion).

A: I have to heartily disagree with back2dos..

*

*PHP's a solid, incredibly well used programming language for developing web apps. It can, of course, be used for commercial development and millions of people (me included) do just that. I'm not sure PHP bashing is really relevant here.

*True, PHP is not compiled but if you really care about this you can use Zend Guard which can encrypt code. Personally I've always found open source code a plus point. Clients like to know they can get at the code if they really need to, it offers some reassurance.

*There are lots of OS PHP apps, some great, some awful. Find a niche (like any business),  something that has real demand, and develop for that.
So I think you're fine to develop commercial apps/scripts. Just make sure you give them decent support and documentation. You'll find people appreciate that and are willing to pay for it.
Finally on the point of your question, I agree they stand a much better chance of being used if they are based on an open source framework since you'll be opening yourself up to wider market. Zend Framework, as you may know, has a pretty open license which says you can sell anything you develop with it.

A: I think your most important question is point 2, why aren't others doing the same thing?
Well some people are. Vbulletin have been quite successful selling forum software, even though there's no end of free forum software available. I think their success can be attributed to a paid product, in part. As they're earning money, it's easy to fund further development. Open source, free projects usually require a dedicated team to keep development moving, as there's no money for motivation.
There's no shortage of turnkey solutions available on the web. eBay will have no end of $5 scripts available - they're usually rubbish and unsupported.
Where I work, we develop bespoke 'one-off' applications for our clients, but we're looking at selling the same applications to other clients as an opportunity to scale our business. In this case we're talking about large projects worth tens of thousands, but they're only sold to a handful of customers.
There's no reason why you can't sell a product for 50 or 100 dollars and make money - you'd just need to sell to 10, 100 or 1000 customers to start making a living from it.
And to succeed over the free open software? Produce something that isn't already available, or do something much better than what's available for free.
Finally, another model you may want to consider is software as a service. Take a look at Basecamp (37 signals) for example. Their product is not open source, you can't download it, but you register online and pay something like $10 for their lowest end offering per month.
They don't have to give out source code, and they have a solid recurring revenue stream. They have tens of thousands of accounts.

A: Yes of course you can sell it.
Most people don't just sell the scripts as normal people and businesses don't know what to do with them and so require a developer to install and configure the script. Developers won't then buy the script if there is an open source/free alternative. If the script performs a valuable task that is often done, then somebody is likely to copy it and create an open source version.
Your key to selling PHP code is to sell it as a service. This could either be the installation and configuration of it (like most web design/development agencies) or an on-demand version of it (think of any online business app).
My company writes and builds a lot of PHP software for businesses and as we get new clients and solve new problems we write our code in re-usable classes which we can then package up and sell to other clients without any further coding - which I assume is what you are trying to do. It's all possible, it just takes time and planning to write the software to make it re-usable for other projects.

A: Well in this case I think that codeigniter will be the best option because:

*

*Don't need console access to configure

*You just have to configure Database Connections

*Fast, MVC, Cache, Logs, Good Documentation

*Runs in PHP4, must of the people that buy this scripts have server restrictions to Upgrade PHP

Best Regards,
Pedro

A: As a PHP developer for over 5 years and selling scripts I never tried to developed a commercial script with a framework.It is just because Im not a good fan of any PHP framework.
Someone can say if you don't use framework you are a amateur as a developer.But I think its the a way any developer has rights to choose.
I think some companies don't use frameworks just because they just dont like to say this script based on 'ABC' to the customers.They want to boast about their scripts and only they can developed something like that.
I event seen any commercial web script that used any frameworks so far.

A: i think, these are the key reasons, why it is not done:

*

*the point of PHP was never building commercial applications (the original acronym means "Personal HomePage") ... it is an insecure, inconsistent language ... there are quite some good PHP frameworks ... nevertheless, the language is ... poor ... other server languages are cleaner, stricter, more secure, more powerfull, give access to a larger codebase and to better developement tools (notably java and the whole .NET stuff) ... i'd never use PHP if i had to built something really reliable ... (my favourite is this "overflow vulnerability fix" of chunk_split (line 1966)) ...

*PHP is always open source ... ok, there are obfuscators, or even ways to distribute PHP in a binary form ... but the first is likely to break the code, if you do a lot of reflection/introspection, and the second usually requires some PHP extensions to be run, which is not really sexy ...

*there are too many open source PHP projects around for any commercial software to succeed ... this was different before, but nowadays, you can simply get ANYTHING in PHP ... Typo3, Joomla, Mambo, osCommerce, PHPBB etc. ... frameworks as Flow3, symfony, CakePHP ... etc. ...

there are commercial sites running on PHP, but there is no good PHP software/framework i heard about, that i would pay for ... there's always a free alternative, and usually it is better ...
you will be having a hard time creating something, that is really worth buying ... and if you succeed, you will be having a huge community that will copy it, if it is worth buying ... either for personal commercial profit, or simply to provide a free solution ...
well, that's what i think ... :)
edit:
let me clarify my points

*

*seems, i upset some PHP folks here ... that was not my intention (however i am quite disappointed, how biased you seem to be, given the fact that everyone contradicting me is a PHP developer and i seriously ask myself, what other languages you ever used) ... i myself started out with PHP on server side too and after moving through other languages, i came to see PHP in a different light ... explanation is provided ... whoever just does not want to read it, move on to point 2 ...i am not saying, PHP prohibits you from implementing a specific solution ... but it is being used to implement solutions it was never designed for ... it started out as >this< ... and it was constantly extended by many people, which produced:

*

*an inconsistent API ... or does anyone else know a language, having a naming convention, where array_search, count and implode are all array routines? look at ruby, ecmascript or Haxe if you wanna see how beautiful core language APIs can be ... i'd say it's awfully designed ... but it's not designed at all ... it has simply been thrown together by numerous PHP contributors ... that's cool in the sense that you have a function for everything ... the point is, you probably won't find it ... ok, after a while, you will know it all ... probably ... but in other languages, for example, where arrays are objects, it does not take you long to know all core array routines ...

*no real philosophy ... look at the languages mentioned above, look at Objective-C or functional languages, if you want, to see how consistent a languages semantics and philosophy can be, compared to PHP's "oh well, we'll just throw in another function, that'll solve the problem" ... also PHP arrays are the strangest data structure, i have ever seen ... something like a hyperpotent hash with internal order for keys and values ... and yet, it's not even an object ...

*a lot of unsafe code (a lot of functions exposing overflow vulnerability or not being binary safe, or not escaping is documented, which could be used for XSS attacks) ... when i read an API reference, and it tells me what a function does, but the truth is, i have to take in account a lot of possibilities (long strings could crash my complete system or even inject ANY code, nullbytes could make escaping routines not work, but when printing out the string again, they disappear (this was a strip_tags vulnerability until not too long ago)), then that is what i call unreliable and dangerous ...

*slow execution ... eaccelerator and similar extensions can reduce booting time signifficantly, but execution it self will still be slow ... the actual problem is, the language is far to permissive, which causes a lot of overhead ...

PHP was designed as a scripting language tying together a bunch of C functions ... it is often extended with further C functions, due to the fact that it is not the fastest language around ... this gives a nice speed up ... but how the hell do i know, whether a function is safe? who can tell me? i don't want to read through lines and lines of C to know ... so my two main points:

*

*the API is a mess

*what is behind that API can be a serious vulnerability for your application!!

in consequence, PHP is hard to trust ... i mean, i personally dislike both Java and ASP.NET, but i have to admit, they are trusted plattforms and trusted for a reason ... now problems arousing from the messy API are being solved by some frameworks ... but if a language requires a framework to wrap the core API in order to have something usable, that is a base for good, maintainable code, then something is wrong ...

*how exactly do i use zend guard or ioncube on an arbitrary shared webspace?

*really, best thing you can do, is write commmercial plugins for widely spread PHP software, but it seems this is exactly the opposite of what Lusid wants to do ... but hoping to find a niche, that is big enough that you don't need signifficant marketing efforts to reach you customers, that is small enough that you don't get crushed by copycats, simple enough to build as a standalone app and fits a number of other criteria that are prequisites for a commercial success, seems a little naive to me ...

A: I can think of one reason against it: piracy.  If your script is something a bunch of framework guys want, it will be pirated.  If it is only for a rich niche, you can avoid this, but then you aint going to get any fairy-tale income.
It's not in the open source spirit of PHP.  The trend is to give it away and then bill for the service.  You might be better at marketing your script as such, and just charge people after they consult you and you hand them a script download and a manual.


Numerous studies confirm a sad finding: The most intellectually gifted students in the United States typically have little good to say about their schooling. Gifted children are usually bored and unengaged in school; they tend to be highly critical of their teachers, who they feel know less than they do, and they are often underachievers. In the best-case scenario, teachers recognize a student as gifted but, unable to teach at this level, they let the child learn independently. In the worst-case scenario, teachers fail to recognize a child as gifted and classify the child as unmotivated or even hostile.
Why do our schools fail our most gifted students? I believe there are two reasons. To begin with, the notion of providing special education to those with the highest abilities offends our egalitarian sensibilities. The gifted are seen as specially privileged and thus as not in need of special help. The second reason is the deep strain of anti-intellectualism that pervades our culture. While we do not mind providing specialized training to athletic students, or to students in the school orchestra, we resist providing advanced instruction for students with intellectual gifts.
In 1972, Sidney Marland, the U.S. commissioner of education, issued a report that stated that only 4 percent of gifted children were receiving any kind of special service. Moreover, half of the superintendents surveyed in the report said that they had no gifted children in their school systems. Today, many teachers and superintendents react very differently to the question of the presence of gifted children in their midst. All of their students are gifted, they often insist.
Both responses are ways of avoiding the problem. Education for the gifted is under attack today. In 1993, U.S. Secretary of Education Richard W. Riley reported that only 2 cents of every $100 spent on precollegiate education in 1990 went to gifted programs. And the 1996 federal budget allocated only $3 million for gifted education. We spend far more on education for children with disabilities than on children with gifts.
But this is not a cry for more money to be spent on existing programs. Indeed, the problem needs to be construed differently. We need, first of all, to recognize the striking difference between moderately and profoundly gifted children. Profoundly gifted children are years ahead of their peers. They learn rapidly and independently, and have an extraordinary rage to master the area in which they have exceptional ability. These are the children who read voraciously (often nonfiction) before entering kindergarten, who turn everyday experiences into math challenges to solve, or who induce by themselves the rules of algebra or phonics. Moderately gifted children, in contrast, are more appropriately described as bright children, children who may score 130 or so on an IQ test, who can achieve highly, but who do not show the kind of obsessive rage to master and striking precocity found in the profoundly gifted.
I believe we are wasting what slim resources we have for the gifted on minimal and bland programs for the moderately gifted. The most common form of service for the gifted at the elementary school level is a pull-out enrichment class. What this means, typically, is that children who qualify (usually by scoring 130 on an IQ test) leave their classrooms once or twice a week for a class in which they are grouped with others like themselves, and in which they engage in creative problem-solving, projects, games, or field trips.
Enrichment classes are weak solutions to big problems. They offer only a few hours a week of possibly advanced instruction (the rest of the time students spend in the regular classroom), they offer little continuity, they do not allow students to study something in depth, and one kind of curriculum is offered to all gifted children, whether their gifts lie in mathematics, science, writing, or another area. These classes are not clearly distinguishable from good classes for ordinary children. Moreover, research on these programs has shown them to be at best of modest benefit. Probably students of any ability level would benefit from the kinds of open-ended, project-based learning that goes on in the best enrichment classes.
Other solutions today include ability grouping in full-time gifted classes (but only in some school districts) and moderate grade skipping. (Ability grouping defined.) The entrance requirement into a gifted class is again typically a score of 130 on an IQ test. Students in these classes do achieve more than equally gifted children who remain in a mixed-ability classroom, but the benefit remains modest. As for grade skipping, studies of moderate skipping show that this kind of acceleration has beneficial effects and is not harmful socially or emotionally.
Special school programs for the gifted clearly do have positive effects, and a good case can be made that our most gifted need more than what schools offer for most children. However, the benefits shown have always been modest. Moreover, most children in these programs are moderately rather than profoundly gifted. This is because the entrance requirement for a gifted program is some demonstration of moderate gift, whether this be an IQ score of 130, an equivalent achievement-test score, or a teacher recommendation. Profoundly gifted children, those whose IQs are far higher than 130, often remain underchallenged in gifted programs, underchallenged even in special schools for the gifted. These children do not find their appropriate level of stimulation until they reach college.
Another strong piece of evidence that raising standards for all results in higher achievement levels from all comes from international comparisons of student achievement. It is by now well established that American schools have low standards compared with schools in many Western European and Asian countries. And American children fare poorly on achievement tests compared with children in most other developed countries. The only plausible explanation for the higher performance of average students in other countries is that these students are held to higher expectations.
While elevating standards will mean that the moderately gifted will no longer be understimulated, the profoundly gifted will still be out of sync with what our schools can offer. We can be sure of this, since even when profoundly gifted children are enrolled in schools for the gifted, they remain years ahead of their more moderately gifted classmates. It is these profoundly gifted children whom we need to identify, and these in whom we should invest resources for gifted education.
What kinds of programs should be offered for the extremely gifted? First, instead of the term "gifted class," why not use the more precise term "advanced class"? And rather than using an IQ test for admission, why not use what the student has actually achieved? Programs for the gifted have paid scant attention to critiques of IQ tests as narrow and arbitrary and as assessing test-taking skills rather than the ability to think critically, understand complex materials, and break new intellectual ground. Another problem with IQ scores as admission criteria is that all too often an overall score is used. An overall score tells us nothing about the student's particular area of gift. An IQ of 130 can be achieved by various routes. We should be using domain-specific kinds of identification so that students are selected as needing advanced instruction in math or reading or writing, but not necessarily in all subjects. We should be following the approach pioneered by the Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth and carried on by the Center for Talented Youth (recently renamed the Institute for the Academic Advancement of Youth), in which fast-paced, intensive summer courses are offered in the student's domain of talent.
We are faced with a choice. We can choose to make adjustments in our schools for children with moderate intellectual gifts. Or we can choose to make educational adjustments for children with profound intellectual gifts. We have currently chosen the former option. We have thus had to spread our meager resources very thin, and have had to ignore the needs of the extremes. If we choose the latter option, we can focus on those who most need advanced instruction. Choosing the latter option need not mean sacrificing the needs of the moderately gifted. For if we elevated our standards, the moderately gifted could be appropriately challenged.
Ellen Winner is a professor of psychology at Boston College. She is the author of Invented Worlds: The Psychology of the Arts; The Point of Words: Children's Understanding of Metaphor and Irony; and, most recently, Gifted Children: Myths and Realities (Basic Books, 1996).
Permission granted to reprint article from the author, Ellen Winner.
As someone who is only moderately gifted, the idea of raising the standards makes sense. Our gifted program only goes up to middle school. In high school, biology is honestly a bore. I liked it intially and started to independently study bio. I soon outpaced the class, just because of sheer interest. I would like gifted programs in high school, possibly by skipping prerequisites. On another note, I find it difficult to shut my brain off, although I'm in high school and I'm aware more gifted, younger children have this problem as well. I've always wanted a place to "vent" my thoughts.
This article is scratching the surface of inadequacy of our current gifted education. didn't address another grouping of gifted children: twice exceptional (2e). Often FSIQ is the gold standard for assessing gifted IQ, but the true IQ could be further masked by learning disability: inattentiveness ,verbal/language impairment, deficits in processing speed and working memory. GAI, which excludes working memory and processing speed, should be a better yardstick. Further, if a child isn't gifted linguistically, their fluid reasoning ability should be accounted, again, instead of the flawed FSIQ. Our gifted education really isn't serving the truly gifted children at all; often times, it's serving high-achieving ones.
My experience in my own life the opposite - identified in elementary school as 'gifted' and my two brothers - one older, one a twin - as "exceptionally bright", but not gifted. My mom rejected the strong recommendation by the school for my attending 'gifted school', keeping me in the public system - in effect in hell -and enrolled my brothers in elite academic private schools. I only recently found (some 40 years later!) that i had in fact tested gifted. Not always 'the system' it seems... So a double edge here - validation on one hand, but also a recognition of something lost ... incalculable.
What testing tools are recommended to find a student's achievements in each subject area?
My 8 year old son and I are both gifted. I was in a gifted program as a child and now my son has tested into the profoundly gifted category. The reason we had him tested was that he showed signs of boredom the same way I had when I was in school. My son doesn't get into trouble, but he talks a lot and asks a lot of philosophical questions. He doesn't sleep. He can never seem to turn off his brain. Reading at night only makes it worse. It only leads to MORE questions! In school, gifted for third grade is two hours a week. I wish he could spend more time with his gifted peers and away from the normal classroom. His friends are mainly in the gifted program. He feels out-of-place in the normal classroom. He WANTS to be in gifted all the time! What can we do to better the program?
My son is somewhere between moderately and profoundly gifted, and I suspect toward the top end of "highly gifted." He went to a special program (1st grade - 8th grade) for highly gifted students, provided by the school district. He is almost finished w/ the 1st half of his freshman year in high school and the district limits AP class availability because of funding. In one class he is repeating what he learned in 6th grade, but at a slower pace. Now we have to figure out a completely new set of strategies. Maybe we will pursue an IEP or Section 504.
I am highly I interested in alternative education methods as my son is very smart in certain areas, but does not learn well in a "typical American classroom" or by "typical American public school methods." He's a hands-on, experiential learner and goes at his own pace. He is continually being slowed down or rushed in his classes and can tell you every character, every aircraft, vehicle or planet in all six Star Wars movies, but will not learn his multiplication tables. Gifted students need, at the very minimum an I.E.P. and an adjustment of methodology. How can we ever get that in public schools?
My son is gifted and I see how some things in this article relates to how he acts sometimes - the gazing out the window is considered lack of concentration, if a test isn't challenging or if it's the slightest bit repetitive - my son won't even bother doing it and he's always telling me he's bored at school. The school moved him up a grade but it seems as though that hasn't even helped him. He's very sensitive too and hasn't made many friends which I worry about. He has an idea of what a friend should be and what he wants out of a friend but people in primary school just can't offer that type of friendship.
I recognized my own experience many times in the article. Excessively bored, I acted up regularly and the school had the audacity to suggest putting me back a grade so I would behave. Alas, the only school solution I found for my five children was no school. They each were on an independent self directed study program until the age of 16 when they got their driver's license and went to the local community college.
I was a gifted child - I was even in Mensa at the age of 10 - but a lousy student, hated studying and homework. I was turned down for the gifted program twice due to bad grades. This never made any sense to me. Why did the school fan the flames of already roaring bonfires, when I needed to figure out what worked for me? The thing is the school was as lazy as I was. I would only do the work I had to do to pass. The school would work with the kids who would probably do just fine on their own, ignore the ones who need some help and probably an individualized lesson plan.
When I was in school the teachers thought I was a slacker. Then I took some test our whole grade had to take,and was the only one in the whole district to get a perfect score. So they put me in a class twice a week and that was it. I was basically told that being gifted was good b/c I would always do well in school,and when I got into high school I could take AP classes to challenge me. But who wants to spend years sitting in a class,bored senseless. Now I have a gifted child and have made sure to find ways to challenge him on my own.
"And rather than using an IQ test for admission, why not use what the student has actually achieved?" If this is done then controls must be put in place to catch hothousing and deal with it appropriately to the needs of the child. It has been demonstrated that overly pushy hothousing by parents can damage children, sometimes seriously.
I am the parent of a child who is now 13 and in the 7th grade. My child was identified as gifted (not by the school) in 1st grade and has been under-challenged ever since including in full time gifted. He is taking math 3 grades above his level at a local high school and science one grade above. He is capable of much more than this but I had to fight tooth and nail just for this arrangement. I took him out of school for a year (5th grade) and he attended virtual school. We are currently thinking of skipping 8th grade and having him go on to a collegiate high school where he can graduate with an AA degree. I'm sure there are other students like my son who have become lazy and disengaged from learning in school because they have been held back for so long. I certainly hope that the research done by excellent institutions like this one will encourage the school systems to allow students to fulfill their dreams.
A very informative article. My 8 year old 3rd Grader is in a Gifted and Talented program where she goes to another school 1 day a week. She just informed me tonight that she finds the classes at the other school boring, and that it's stuff that she knows already. She doesn't want to go anymore.
"And rather than using an IQ test for admission, why not use what the student has actually achieved?" BRAVO! And bravo also to the comment about raising the bar for ALL students! "Programs for the gifted have paid scant attention to critiques of IQ tests ...." AMEN! "An overall score tells us nothing about the student's particular area of gift." Richard Feynman would not have been identified as gifted by his overall IQ score. His performance IQ score was dragged down by his verbal IQ score. "The Great Explainer" had a low verbal IQ - go figure! Buy his lecture notes and see for yourself how poor his verbal skills were!
I think this article is very basic. It is good for new parents. It was easy for me to understand (who is new in this field) and I feel it would be a good resource for parents who have discovered that their child is gifted.


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Home Legal Topics Business Formation: LLCs & Corporations Business Name, Location & Licenses Licenses & Permits for Your Business Small Business License Requirements: A 50-State Guide
How to Get a Small Business License in Washington, D.C.
Learn the steps required to obtain a business license in Washington, D.C.
By David M. Steingold, Contributing Author
Looking to start a small business in the District of Columbia? You may need to obtain one or more state licenses or permits, or complete one or more kinds of state registration, as part of the start-up process. Here's a quick look at some of the main informational resources available and a few of the steps you may need to take.
District of Columbia Small Business Information
The Department of Small and Local Business Development (DSLBD) is a DC government agency that works with and assists DC small businesses. The DSLBD website has information on such topics as:
financial assistance for small businesses (covering many potential sources)
business opportunities (such as contracting opportunities)
workshops and training, and
building the capacity of your business.
The U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) has a district office in DC. The office's website lists upcoming events, resources, and news for small businesses. The SBA also publishes a DC-specific Resource Guide for Small Businessthat you can download from the SBA website.
The DC Small Business Development Center (DCSBDC) has guidance on how to start and grow your business. The Center offers training on various topics as well as confidential consulting. In addition, The DCSBDC website has information on writing on a business plan, marketing, start-up assistance, and other matters. The website also has an extensive list of links to other resources. The DCSBDC is part of a national network of small business development centers.
Get One or More Business Licenses
All businesses operating in the District of Columbia must, at a minimum, be licensed in some way by the DC government. In many cases, this means getting a Basic Business License (BBL). However, some businesses where the principals are required to be licensed by a certification board or body—which often means licensed professionals—are not required to have a BBL.
BBLs are issued by the Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs (DCRA). You can apply for a BBL online. You can also download license application forms from the Basic Business Licensing (BBL) Forms section of the DCRA website and apply on paper. There are different categories of BBL and the fee for a BBL depends on the category. You can find a list of categories—there are many—on the DCRA website.
Keep in mind that, apart from a BBL, your particular business may need other licenses or permits. For example, you may need an environmental permit issued by the Department of Energy & Environment. You also may need a professional or occupational license (see below).
File Records For Your Form of Business
Beyond obtaining required licenses or permits, some legal forms of business, such as corporations and limited liability companies (LLCs), are required to file records with the state. More specifically, corporations, LLCs, and certain other types of business must file organizational documents with the DCRA. Check the Online Services section of the DCRA website for more details.
Obtain Professional Licensing
If you're a member of any one of many professions and occupations, you'll need to be licensed by the District of Columbia. Different DC agencies license different professions and occupations. The DCRA's Occupational & Professional Licensing Administration (OPLA) licenses, for example, certified public accountants, architects, real estate agents, master electricians, plumbers, and asbestos workers. However, other professions and occupations are licensed through agencies such as:
Department of Insurance, Securities and Banking, and
Metropolitan Police Department (for security officers).
In some cases, the licensing agency will have a webpage listing each profession it handles. (One example is the Department of Health.) By clicking an item on the list you can go to a separate webpage with details on licensing for that particular profession or occupation. Remember: If you are licensed for your profession, you do not need a Basic Business License.
Example: Chenille wants to work as a licensed acupuncturist. She'll need to apply for a license through the DOH. She can find detailed information and a copy of the license application by clicking on the link for Acupuncture in the Professional License Applications section of the DOH website.
Register an Assumed or Fictitious Business Name (Trade Name)
Many small businesses don't simply operate under the names of their owners. Instead, they operate under a business name. In addition, some businesses, such as corporations and LLCs, may originally register with the state under one name (sometimes called the registered name, actual name, or true name), but later choose to operate under another name. Depending on where you're doing business and how your business is structured, this alternative business name technically may be known as an assumed name, a fictitious name, a trade name, a business name, or a DBA (for "doing business as"). In the District of Columbia, anyone who conducts business under a trade name must register that name with DCRA's Superintendent of Corporations. For additional information, check the Register a Trade Name section of the DCRA website.
Example: Malek originally organized his car repair business as a DC corporation named Mal's DC Garage, Inc. He now wants to operate the business under the name Monuments Foreign Auto Repair, Inc. Malek must file a Form TN-1, Trade Name Registration Form, including the filing fee, with the DCRA.
This article covers only the very tip of the iceberg regarding small business licenses and registrations in the District of Columbia. You can find much more information in the many other articles in the Small Business section here on Nolo.com. Many of those articles are part of 50-state series—so you can get plenty of information that's specific to DC. You can also find expanded information in many Nolo books, such as Legal Guide for Starting & Running a Small Business, by Fred S. Steingold, and The Small Business Start-Up Kit, by Peri Pakroo.
Legal Information & Products from Nolo
Forming a Corporation
Legal Forms for Starting & Running a Small Business
Nolo's Guide to Single-Member LLCs
See All Business Formation Articles
See All Business Formation Products from Nolo
Need help? Start here.
Talk to a Business Law attorney.


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Q: AudioKit microphone doesn't work if permission was not granted on app launch I am facing a strange issue with AudioKit 5.2.2. If the app is launched without microphone permission granted, then the microphone wouldn't work even if the user granted permission while the app is running. It requires reopening the app after granting permission to make it work properly.
The microphone doesn't throw any errors but it doesn't seem to receive any data if the permission was not granted.
I must also say that the permission is requested from the Flutter code, but if I check the permission status through native code it also returns granted status.
Also, the setup function is always called after the permission is granted.
Here is min reproducible code:
var engine: AudioEngine!
var silencer: Fader!
var mixer: Mixer!
var tracker: AmplitudeTap!

func setup() -> Bool {
    if engine == nil {
        engine = AudioEngine()
    }
    if mixer == nil {
        mixer = Mixer()
    }

    guard let input = engine.input else {
        return false
    }

    if silencer == nil {
        let silencer = Fader(input, gain: 0)
        self.silencer = silencer
    }

    engine.output = mixer

    tracker = AmplitudeTap(input) { amplitude in
        DispatchQueue.main.async {
            print("amplitude: \(amplitude)") // <- nothing is received here is the permission is not granted initially
        }
    }

    return true
}

func start() {
    do {
        try tracker.start()
        try engine.start()
    } catch let err {
        print(err)
    }
}

func stop() {
        engine.stop()
        tracker.stop()
        mixer.removeAllInputs()
        engine.output = nil
        tracker.dispose()
}


A long awaited sequel to the classic After Burner. Players once again launch into the skies in their jet fighter, with their machine gun and heat seeker missiles ready.
Due the quantum leap in graphics since the last After Burner. Fans of the series are in for a visual feast as the graphics approaches virtual reality.
Together with the graphic improvements is the feel and response of the controls, giving the player the feeling of power and freedom. Players can view their remaning armour, missile stock and climax gauge.
The climax gauge is a big new feature to this version. Over time and the player's action the gauge increases, and allows for a full out assault enabling maximum firepower to be unleashed on hapless foes.


text:
Author: Cary Shuman
Big Wins in Lynn: Cal's News Continues Hot Streak of $1 Million Lottery Prizes in City
by Cary Shuman • December 17, 2020 • 0 Comments
The answer to the mystery of who won the $1 milllion prize in the Ultimate Millions Instant Ticket Game that was sold at Cal's News is: Michael Chol Ater. Ater received his first of 20 annual checks from the Mass…
Lynn Featured in 'Jeopardy!' Question
The City of Lynn was mentioned in a "Jeopardy!" question during last Thursday's edition of the popular game show. Under the category, "Very Puritanical," host Alex Trebek said, "Trot trot to Boston, trot trot to Lynn, those were two cities…
Lynn's Game of the Year: St. Mary's Versus Bridgewater-Raynham
St. Mary's High School girls basketball coach Jeff Newhall always constructs a very challenging regular season schedule. By playing the elite teams, Newhall reasons that the tough inter-divisional competition will best prepare his team for the MIAA Tournament. Last season…
It's Showtime for Ronald Ellis: Lynn Boxer Fights Saturday at Mohegan Sun
by Cary Shuman • December 9, 2020 • 0 Comments
Ronald "Akeem" Ellis is ready to return to the ring and he couldn't have picked a bigger stage. Ellis, who grew up in Lynn and attended Lynn English before graduating from Lynn Tech (Class of 2007 with a specialty in…
First Street: Maraya Sierra Makes History in Lynn DPW
Maraya Sierra wasn't aware that she was the first woman in the history of the city to work in the Lynn Department of Works Street Division. But when she learned of her groundbreaking achievement, the 35-year-old Lynn resident was understandably…
A Valuable Member of the Mayor McGee Team: Holy Cross Grad Michael Cole Enjoying His Role as Communications and Outreach Coordinator
What we didn't know about Michael Cole was that he was a phenomenal high school golfer at Malden Catholic who likely would have earned a position on the Division 1 Holy Cross team. Cole, the communications and outreach coordinator in…
Safe and Round: New Roundabout at Agganis Square Leads to Safer Access for Drivers
You can debate whether it's a roundabout or a rotary, but the new roadway construction project at one of Lynn's most complicated intersections is complete – and the reviews from motorists are universally positive to-date. Those who have navigated the…
A Thanksgiving Tradition Continues At Brothers Deli
by Cary Shuman • November 25, 2020 • 0 Comments
Restaurant owner George Markos will be continuing his annual tradition of giving away free turkey dinners on Thanksgiving at Brothers Deli, 41 Market St. Markos and his staff will be distributing the dinners to guests outside the front doors of…
Whitten Family is all-in with Lynn Youth Hockey
Michael Whitten didn't begin skating regularly until he was 32. His sons, 12-year-old Tyler and 7-year-old Ryan, have stepped on the ice a lot earlier in their lives. Whitten was at the Connery Rink Sunday for a Lynn Youth Hockey…
League Change: Classical's Sawyer, English's Carroll Support the Move to Greater Boston League in 2021
Two long-time coaches have voiced their support for the Lynn schools' move from the Northeastern Conference to the Greater Boston League. Tom Sawyer, head coach of the Lynn Classical girls basketball team, and Chris Carroll, head coach of the Lynn…


Researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles, (UCLA) have made a major breakthrough in the field of solar energy. The team has been working on developing a new kind of solar cell that could change the way energy is harnessed from sunlight and open up more efficient options when it comes to tapping into this energy. Researchers have developed a transparent photovoltaic film that may be able to turn nearly any surface into a solar energy collector.
Transparent solar cells are relatively new to the field of clean energy. The concept behind these solar cells is simple as they are designed to collect sunlight without blocking the passage of this light. These solar cells could be affixed to windows, giving homes a new way to generate the electrical power they need throughout the day without blocking out light. While transparent solar cells have several attractive qualities, there are major challenges regarding efficiency that have yet to be overcome before these solar cells can be considered viable.
The solar cell developed by UCLA researchers is comprised of two thin layers of a polymer material. Researchers suggest that their device is able to collect sunlight and generate electrical power more efficiently than conventional transparent solar cells. Part of the reason behind the solar cells higher efficiency has to do with its ability to collect a wider spectrum of light than its counterparts. Absorbing a wider spectrum of light allows the solar cell to generate more electrical power.
UCLA researchers note that their solar cell is capable of converting sunlight into electrical power with 7.3% efficiency. In 2012, researchers were able to use their device to convert sunlight into electrical power with 4% efficiency. There are still many challenges that must be overcome before the transparent solar cell can be considered a viable solar energy system. One of these challenges has to do with scaling up the solar cell so that it can be used to produce large amounts of solar energy.


"Is This War Needed Or Peace And Love Within Us"
It starts off with people disagreeing on many things that may not be seen.
They don`t want to talk, it`s who is going to win.
There is no understanding in this world of today.
Is it killing that is the answer, only hate and greed?
Can`t anyone realize that talking in peace is love and understanding.
How can they kill each other off don't they have any pride?
Don`t they have any respect for them seleves.
We all should be kind and all things are given.
We all have a choice and whether it is good or bad.
Things can be worked out if there is peace in the hearts.
We all have the knowledge that is given and was given but we don't know how to use it.
Have we forgotten what is the truth?
The Creator gave this to us have we forgotten?
If we haven`t we have to change for the good.
Is it better to have that inter love that was given to us long ago?
Love should be diffident to the true meaning as their are many kinds.
We all have it in are hearts and souls.
This isn`t all to life it`s everything as one.
It is are inter love in are souls your being.
We all have the bad and good in all of us, which way will it be?
Doing bad things and we know in our hearts that it is wrong, or we do it for the good of man.
We are all one that means everything is one on earth.
We do not own the Mother Earth we are caretaker of Mother Earth.
But we think we own the land and we do not own Mother Earth the Creator owns Mother Earth.
When we interrupt nature we are destroy part of the earth which is everything that grows.
What will happen when everything is gone?
Will there be nothingness a space that the earth was their and gone?
We are destroying our selves one by one not even knowing what we are doing.
Each anger word that is said is pain.
Can you feel the anger out in the world that is today?
The hate that you see in people eyes.
Some will see what is happening will you see?
The love of are Creator gave each and every man,woman and childthis love and peace.
The war is not good and the evil fighting of each other which one will win?
The battle is all ready started it will be the most that we will ever see.
It has taken time as you can see, and is getting bigger as time gets sooner as the time will end.
In tell there is nothing to the human race that is left.
Things can change if man wants it, but will he?
It`s either we have a earth to live on or nothing it up to us.
her when she is in need.
Now the earth is asking in her very soul please be at peace have the knowledge to care for me and your selves.
If I`m not alive were will you be now?
I know if we don`t get thing right we wont be here.
Where are we all going to be if it is not?
We all have to be one that's the way it has to be.
In the beginning it was love,kindness, understanding and all knowledge was given.
This was lost a long time ago.
Every living thing is mix up what ever it may be.
The earth is a gift to us to live and live upon the earth in peace.
And we are the care takers to her no matter what is said.
It is up to all of us in the world to make things right with the earth.
If we fail we are killing her, our most precious earth and our selves can`t we see that.
We all have to be one as it was a long time ago in the beginning as it was once again.
What will it be for the earth now?
Please open your very eyes as you look around and see what we have done.
Will we see what is being done or are we too blinded to see?
Can`t there be a oneness that is love between the earth and man?
If we had all that inter love things would be as they should be?
Or would there be a change?
If we are killing each other your killing me,the earth as you are a part of me.
All the world should be thankful of what we have.
Sit down and think of what does our earth want, not what we want.
Yes there are people on the street that have no place to go.
But there are a lot of others that have homes to live in.
If there was love and peace we wouldn`t have all the thing that are going on in the world now, would we?
Everyone would be happy and be one as it was meant to be.
Or is it let go or should it be part of a whole as one?
Everything is apart and its not one.
We are brothers and sisters to share as one on everything as a oneness, can this be done?
A man and a woman are only part of one whole they are the one for life.
They are mates for life but it isn`t that way as they can`t fine there rightful mates as the world is so mess up how can we.
But we are one no matter what the case may be it is one to live in harmony as one.
We all have to get together as one and work thing right again.
What will we do if there is nothing just a empty space?
Will we be alive then ?or will we be saved as one, once again as it was in the beginning as one.
It is up to all of us will it be?????? Or will it be gone?
What will it be? I wonder, do you?
It is very sad that other do not care who they kill !
We did not ask for this to happen !
Many were kill for no reason they didn`t have to die !
The fire will burn for them who lost there lifes.
So they can see there way out of the darkness in to the light !
It is to honor are loved ones who died for no reason !
This is dedicated to them who lost there life !
The Hurt that will never go away !
Always a reminder of the past !


text:
Q: Application failed to launch and is shutting down? I'm learning how to switch layouts but i'm getting unfortunately application has stopped but i have no idea why?
I'm using an emulator nexus 4 im not sure if this may cause the problem or not.
code:
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    Button button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button2);
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        final Intent i = new Intent(this,Main2Activity.class);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
            public void onClick(View v){
                startActivity(i);
            }
        });
    }
}


text:
L'edizione 1981-82 della Bundesliga vide la vittoria finale del Rapid Vienna.

Capocannoniere del torneo fu Božo Bakota dello  con 24 reti.

Classifica finale

Verdetti
 Rapid Vienna Campione d'Austria 1981-82.
 Grazer AK e Admira Wacker ammesse alla Coppa UEFA 1982-1983.
 Non ci furono retrocessioni.

Collegamenti esterni

Calcio nel 1981
Calcio nel 1982
Fußball-Bundesliga (Austria)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Chhatsworth House is renowned for the quality of its art, landscape and hospitality, and it has evolved through the centuries to reflect the tastes, passions and interests of succeeding generations.
There are over 30 rooms to explore, from the magnificent Painted Hall, regal State Rooms, restored Sketch Galleries and beautiful Sculpture Gallery. In the guest bedrooms, meet an Edwardian lady's maid who will reveal the secrets of her mistress's suitcase of clothes.
Chatsworth is undergoing a major project of essential restoration. Please be aware that phase four of the Masterplan will include scaffolding on the east and north façades of the house. The Masterplan is made possible in part by visitor admission revenue and our Friends of Chatsworth programme through the Chatsworth House Trust.


text:
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Working "on-call" – does this constitute working time
News | 28 February 2018
If you are a worker or an employee who works "on-call", the case of Nivelles v Matzak may now have broadened the scope of your legal rights.
It used to be the case that time spent "on-call" or "stand-by time" when away from the workplace and not carrying out duties was not regarded as "working time". The European Commission had, for some time, been consulting on changing the rules concerning "on-call" time and Nivelles has taken a step towards changing this position for the benefit of the worker.
If, during an on-call shift, you are under a duty to respond to calls and be at the place of work within eight minutes of that call, this may now be constituted as "working time" following Nivelles. The Working Time Regulations 1998 ("the Regulations") state that working time is when someone is "working at his employer's disposal and carrying out his activities or duties".
In Nevilles, the European Court of Justice ("ECJ") held that "stand-by time" spent at home must be regarded as "working time" where "the geographical and temporal constraints imposed by the employer objectively limit the worker's opportunities to pursue personal and social interests." In other words if you are required to be physically present at a place determined by your employer (even in your own home) and available to work at short notice, making it impossible for you to choose where to be, then this would come within your normal working duties and classified as "working time". It will, of course, depend on the extent to which you are restricted. If, therefore, a worker is required to be accessible but they are not in any other way restricted then this is unlikely to be considered to be working time. Each case will be considered subjectively.
Any time considered to be "working time" will be governed by the Regulations, which apply to all workers and employees and govern the time that people in the UK may work. All workers should be aware of their rights under the Regulations and all employers must be aware of the importance of complying with them. The Regulations govern the hours most workers can work and set limits on an average working week (48 hours). Further, they provide that a worker must have 11 consecutive hours' rest in any 24-hour period and is entitled to a 20-minute rest break if the working day is longer than 6 hours. Again, this should be born in mind for anyone employed or contracted to work "on-call" or for any employers that encompass such working arrangements with their workers.
Employees and workers must also be aware of the importance of ensuring that they are adequately remunerated for time spent "on call". Any time considered to be "working time" entitles an individual to be paid for this time.
If you would like further advice on this topic, whether you are a business or an individual, please contact a member of our Employment Law team.
Article written by Sophie Wahba
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Unless you complete the Capstone project all the knowledge remains bookish and theoretical.\n\nIn order to learn application of knowledge or skill in action one must do the Capstone project.
A Must-take course once you have finished all the Fundamental courses. It will test how much you have actually learned and put them into a cogent and concise Strategic Paper.
par Claudia Patricia Cifuentes C.
While the other courses were extremely promising, the professors/school has done a great job in preparing its students, I think Coursera has done a POOR job in aiding learners in the final stretch of completion. This has been a grueling year and it's very difficult to mix the real live with online learning.
Please be aware that there are EXTREMELY limited amount of learners that sign up for the final courses, and as, so much of the final grade depends on peer assessment, NO ONE will be available to assess your final work.
Therefore you lay in limbo, or are focus to keep signing up praying someone will "randomly" select yours to be assessed. Therefore, while it might sound like a good idea, in my opinion, it's an extremely poor strategic approach by Coursera. Perhaps Coursera should take this Business Strategy course themself. That, and Coursera does a really poor job and is almost impossible to find customer support to help resolve these issues.
IThis was disappointing. After completing the first 4 courses with enthusiasm, I found this course to of little additional learning value; and given the length requiring additional monthly payment with no pro rate, it also of limited value for money.
An excellent specialization to learn about the strategies a firm uses. This specialization is a perfect leeway for someone who want to become a strategist.
This course was structure in a clearly and concisely. Every assignment was re-enforced in subsequent lessons to ensure that the concepts were absorbed. I highly recommend this comprehensive course and I look forward to taking additional courses.
This was a great opportunity to use the tools in the Strategist's Toolkit to apply them to a real world company. While the focus of the 4 courses leading up to the capstone project were meant to teach the individual tools, this course was focused on analyzing the outputs of the tools and making a thoughtful strategy recommendation.


text:
Meet Justin Nozuka
Jan 12, 2009 | Entertainment | 0
Photo: Coalitionmusic / Wikimedia Commons
Just two years ago, Justin Nozuka was recording an album, performing in Europe, and…being a teenager? Born in New York City and raised in Toronto, the 20- year-old singer/songwriter has already accomplished what many simply dream. His debut album, "Holly," was released in the U.S. this past April, and his first single, "After Tonight" has quickly sold over 125,000 downloads. What's more, his music video for the single was the most played video for nine weeks straight on VH1, where he has also been named a You Oughta Know: Artist On The Rise. He has been nominated for a Best New Artist JUNO award (similar to a Grammy, but Canadian) and won the Emerging Artist Award this past summer from the Canadian Organization of Campus Activities: Campus Entertainment Awards. Justin has even shared the stage with John Cale, Crowded House, and Ziggy Marley. Without a doubt, he is one busy and buzzworthy guy. VH1 got it right when they said he was an artist you oughta know.
It's a sunny day in California as I wait in the Glass House — a live music venue in Pomona. Justin saunters into the room wearing a baseball cap, a green t-shirt, and shorts. He carries such an easygoing, down-to-earth presence that one could almost mistake him for any other guy at the venue. But his delicate half-Japanese, half-American features, charming, coy grin, and piercing, hazel eyes give him away.
We move into the lounge area of the venue, where we jump right into talking about his first album, Holly. "Well, I recorded it two years ago with the producer, Bill Bell, and basically, the idea behind the album was just to let it happen organically. A lot of the tracks were done without click (a metronome) and in one take," he explains. "It's an independent album so I did it independently without label support. And really [I've] just sort of been building my career thus far around that album, using it to sort of establish something."
When asked how he would define his music, it's difficult for Justin to clearly label it. "I don't really know," he muses. "I mean, for me, I just try to put as much passion into my music and as much soul as I can. I try to keep it as honest as possible."
He goes on to explain one song off his album called "Golden Train," mostly because I talk him into it. "Golden train," he repeats reflectively. "The train is just like a metaphor – almost – for something bigger and greater. Something more shiny," he says with a mischievous smile.
"It's like saying I'm with someone and then something comes by that's—," he stops to think of the right word. "—fabulous. And, let's just say it's a guy – and it's a strong guy – and he's handsome as hell," he says with a grin, "and he's got a lot of money and he can sing better than me and write songs better than me. So it's just saying, would you stay or would you go?"
We get into other elements of his album as well. Apart from relationship songs, Justin also writes songs with a narrative. "I try to write from a different point of view and put myself in situations that I may not have ever been in. I try to tell a story that hasn't been told before, write a song that hasn't been done before. So, story songs are important to me."
He looks over to his worn, silver water bottle. "You know, you can write about this water bottle, even. I mean, if you really just look at it—and study it," he says, holding up the bottle, "and you can build a story around it. For me, I try to practice that in song writing and really just try to look at things from a different angle."
And has it been difficult for this half-Japanese, half-American artist to break into a predominantly white music industry?
"I think it helps," he says of his Japanese heritage. "It's cool, and I think a lot more artists are coming out that are Asian, half-Asian, and multi-cultured because I think society accepts that."
He speaks of what it was like being brought up both Japanese and American. "I was raised in more of a 'white' surrounding. I went to Japanese school when I was really young, but my parents divorced when I was really young, too. So, I lived with my mom who is not Japanese. Sometimes, I'll look in the mirror and I'll be like—," he gives a confused frown and chuckles.
His mother, after whom the album is named, raised Justin along with six other children as a single parent, and moved the family to Toronto when Justin was only 8 years old. And while Justin did not grow up with his Japanese father for most of his life, he still remains very much interested in that part of his heritage.
"Of course, man," he says, keenly, "Japanese culture is something that I really want to get into. And it's really hard now because I'm so busy, but I was trying to learn Japanese again. I definitely want to learn [the language] and reach back to my roots, because that to me is like my core. I think I would gain a lot [from] that."
As far as what he hopes to accomplish with his career as a musician, Justin almost doesn't know where to begin. "I want to," he hesitates and gives a shy laugh. "I want to do it, you know? I want to break internationally and I really want to be on top. But I want to do it under my terms and do it organically and right. I don't want to force things down anybody's throat. And I want to make good music," he stresses. "I just want to make music that is different and new and pushes the boundaries and [with] lyrics as well. I just want to be a good songwriter and bring that to people."
There is something very genuine and earnest about Justin's confession. For that moment, there appears to be a different side of him. The smile from his shy laugh disappears, as he leans forward and carefully thinks through his words. It is a question that he takes to heart and answers sincerely. Afterwards, he slips back into his casual stance, occasionally fiddling with his fingers or taking sips from his water bottle. But it becomes clear that underneath the relaxed exterior is someone with big plans and a willful determination. That, along with his knack for songwriting and soothing voice (the kind that can prompt goose bumps), makes Justin a force to be reckoned with.
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text:
Valentina's Origin Story
by Jason McGorty 25 May 2018 28 Aug 2018
1 Comment on Valentina's Origin Story
Valentina's Origin: Episode VIII — The Pediatrician Strikes Back
We returned home with nothing to show for our journey, but your pediatrician wanted to see you when we got back. She wasn't happy that we got sent home the way we did. You weren't eating, and you were losing weight where you had none to spare. It wasn't safe for you to be without medical supervision while so fragile. She made some calls to the hospital and they asked us back.
For this round we were in Children's Hospital for around a week, which was our longest stay for this issue, but not our last. It was, however, the least eventful. Nothing of note happened, but that doesn't mean it wasn't incredibly frustrating for a number of reasons. We wouldn't learn what was wrong with your throat, and why you wouldn't eat, until the next hospital stay.
While we waited in our hospital suite for an eventual diagnosis, the doctors wanted to make sure you weren't losing too much weight. But it was at this point that the doctors became more of a nuisance than anything. No doctor knew what was wrong with you by just looking at your throat, but that didn't stop everyone from trying. It wasn't easy to get you to fall asleep, and while obviously it happened eventually, it was always very delicate. Doctors would come in on their schedule at any point during the day or night. It may be that you had just fallen asleep, and your parents were doing the same. We'd hear a knock on the door and a man or woman in a coat would introduce themselves as the resident-on-staff, and they'd have a small posse of other doctors around them to stare and nod. They'd say something like "I hear your kid isn't feeling well?". Or "I hear there's a problem with your kid's throat". We wanted to respond "no shit, you read the chart", but we just nodded as you started to wake up, again. They'd look at your throat, and stop to think for a second, before responding that they didn't know what it was. We wanted to respond "no shit, you're like the 12th doctor today to say that", but we just nodded as you started to scream because a bunch of people just jammed a stick down your throat and shined a bright light at you. The doctor's left and we started the process all over again to get you to sleep.
The doctor's were just doing their job. I get that. But at the time it just seemed cold. It was their job to check on the patient for their long-term well-being, and it didn't phase them that it would cause short-term frustration. Children's Hospital in Boston used to run an ad featuring a song that went "Until Every Child Is Well". It was a catchy song. Your mother and I made a quick parody of it that went "Until Every Check Box is Checked".
Nurses must be used to all sorts of people. Many patients are nervous and stressed, and probably aren't being their best self. I could have never been outright rude to a nurse, but I'm sure I made some weird comments and jokes. They'd smile or laugh, but in a way that told me they'd rather I wasn't there. But one time I complained to a nurse about the revolving cast of doctors and referred to them as 'cocky'. The nurse smiled, in a way that told me she was on my side. It's an unwritten job description that a nurse makes the patients feel comfortable in an awkward and uncomfortable situation (it may be a written rule, I've never read a nurse's job description). It's the doctor's job to make you better, but in a cold and science-y kind of way.
There was a lot of down-time during this stay, and all hospital stays in this saga. How I passed the time, and coped myself, is worthy of its own chapter.
Click Here for the Next Episode
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Tags: Beth Israel boston Father NICU Preemie
Published by Jason McGorty
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Ellen Kerstein says:
1 Oct 2018 at 7:28 pm
What a poignant and beautifully/entertainingly written account of your experience with this precious little girl!
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