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Drugs & Diseases > Pediatrics: General Medicine
Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Medication
Author: Alba E Morales Pozzo, MD; Chief Editor: Sasigarn A Bowden, MD, FAAP more...
Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Sections Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Plasma Glucose and Other Tests
Evaluation for Diabetic Nephropathy
Evaluation for Dyslipidemia
Pharmacologic Therapy
Proposed Management Algorithm
Stroke Prevention
Biguanides
Meglitinides
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Thiazolinediones (glitazones)
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists
Amylin analogue
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors
Antidiabetics, Insulins
Hypoglycemia Antidotes
In general, the treatment of type 2 diabetes in children follows the same rationale as does treatment for the disease in adults. The safety and efficacy of most noninsulin hypoglycemic therapies in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes have not been established; however, physicians have prescribed drugs typically used in adults to treat children and adolescents. Among all of the noninsulin drugs currently in use to treat type 2 diabetes in adults, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved metformin, liraglutide, and exenatide extended-release for use in children with type 2 DM.
These agents reduce hepatic glucose production; they also increase peripheral insulin sensitivity. Metformin rarely induces hypoglycemia. Because of its anorexigenic effects, many treated children maintain or lose weight. Since metformin can lead to ovulatory cycles and resumption of regular menses in patients with PCOS, appropriate counseling should be provided to sexually active adolescents.
Kooy et al found improved body weight, glycemic control, and insulin requirements when metformin was added to insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. No improvement of an aggregate of microvascular and macrovascular morbidity and mortality was observed; however, risk reduction of macrovascular disease was evident after a follow-up period of 4.3 years. Because of these sustained beneficial effects, the policy to continue metformin treatment after the introduction of insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus should be followed unless contraindicated. [54]
Metformin (Glucophage, Glumetza, Riomet)
View full drug information
Metformin use frequently results in weight loss and mild improvement of all aspects of the lipid profile. It cannot be used in renal or hepatic insufficiency or decompensated congestive heart failure requiring pharmacologic therapy (due to an increased risk for lactic acidosis).
Metformin can be used as monotherapy or with sulfonylureas, glitazones, or insulin. It reduces hepatic glucose output, may decrease intestinal absorption of glucose, and may increase glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. It is a major drug used in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Because of adverse gastrointestinal (GI) effects from metformin, titrate the drug slowly and have patients take the medication during (rather than before) meals. Many patients tolerate metformin best if it is administered in the middle or at the end of the meal. The drug is available in immediate-release (IR) or extended-release (ER) form. Only the IR form has been approved for children.
These agents promote insulin release from the pancreas.
Chlorpropamide
Chlorpropamide may increase insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.
Glipizide (Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL)
Glipizide is a second-generation sulfonylurea that stimulates the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells.
Glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase, PresTab)
Glyburide is a second-generation sulfonylurea. It may be started at a high dose in patients with severe hyperglycemia and in those with symptoms, if home glucose monitoring and close follow-up can be arranged.
Tolbutamide
Tolbutamide increases insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.
These agents promote short-term insulin secretion from the pancreas and are designed to be taken immediately before meals.
Repaglinide (Prandin)
Stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells.
Nateglinide (Starlix)
Nateglinide is an amino acid derivative that stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas (within 20 minutes of oral administration), which, in turn, reduces blood glucose levels. The drug's action depends on functional beta cells in pancreatic islets. Nateglinide interacts with the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ̶ sensitive potassium channel on pancreatic beta cells.
These agents lower postprandial glucose by slowing glucose absorption and delaying the hydrolysis of ingested complex carbohydrates and disaccharide. They must be taken immediately before meals.
Acarbose (Precose)
Acarbose delays the hydrolysis of ingested complex carbohydrates and disaccharides and the absorption of glucose. It inhibits the metabolism of sucrose to glucose and fructose.
Miglitol (Glyset)
Miglitol delays glucose absorption in the small intestine and lowers postprandial hyperglycemia.
The first of this class, troglitazone, was removed from the US market due to fatal hepatic necrosis. Rosiglitazone is an antidiabetic agent (thiazolidinedione derivative) that improves glycemic control by enhancing insulin sensitivity. The drug is a potent, highly selective agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma). Activation of PPAR-gamma receptors regulates insulin-responsive gene transcription involved in glucose production, transport, and use, thereby reducing blood glucose concentrations and reducing hyperinsulinemia. Potent PPAR-gamma agonists have been shown to increase the incidence of edema. [55, 56]
A meta-analysis reported an increased risk of myocardial infarction and heart-related death in patients treated with rosiglitazone. The report prompted the FDA to issue an alert on May 21, 2007, to patients and healthcare professionals, enjoining patients to discuss the issue with their physician in order to make individualized decisions regarding their care. A large-scale phase IV trial specifically designed to study cardiovascular outcomes of rosiglitazone is under way. Whether this warning also applies to the other thiazolidinediones (eg, pioglitazone) is unknown.
As of September 2010, the FDA was requiring a restricted access program to be developed for rosiglitazone under a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS). Patients currently taking rosiglitazone and benefiting from the drug will be able to continue if they choose to do so. Rosiglitazone will only be available to new patients if they are unable to achieve glucose control on other medications and are unable to take pioglitazone, the only other thiazolidinedione.
Results from the RECORD (Rosiglitazone Evaluated for Cardiovascular Outcomes in Oral Agent Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes) trial indicated that the use of rosiglitazone for type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of heart failure. In the study, cardiovascular outcomes were assessed after adding rosiglitazone to metformin or sulfonylurea regimens for type 2 diabetes mellitus. [57] The study was a multicenter, open-label trial that included 4447 patients with mean HbA1c of 7.9%. Follow-up of the 2 combinations took place over 5-7 years.
No difference was observed between the 2 groups for cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke; 61 patients who received rosiglitazone experienced heart failure that caused either hospital admission or death compared with 29 patients in the active control group.
Noncardiovascular adverse effects in the study included increased upper and distal lower limb fracture rates, particularly in women. At 5 years, mean HbA1c was lower in the rosiglitazone group compared with the active control group. In addition to finding that the use of rosiglitazone for type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of heart failure, the study found that the drug increases the risk for select fractures, particularly in women.
For more information, see the FDA's Safety Alert on Avandia. The online meta-analysis is titled " Effect of Rosiglitazone on the Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Death from Cardiovascular Causes. " Additionally, responses to the controversy can be viewed at the Heartwire news (theheart.org from WebMD) including the following articles:
- " Rosiglitazone increases MI and CV death in meta-analysis. "
- " The rosiglitazone aftermath: Legitimate concerns or hype? "
- " RECORD interim analysis of rosiglitazone safety: No clear-cut answers. "
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Rosiglitazone is available only via a restricted access program. It is an insulin sensitizer with a major effect in the stimulation of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. It lowers plasma insulin levels and is used to treat type 2 diabetes associated with insulin resistance.
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Pioglitazone improves target cell response to insulin without increasing insulin secretion from the pancreas. It decreases hepatic glucose output and increases insulin-dependent glucose use in skeletal muscle and, possibly, in liver and adipose tissue.
GLP-1 receptor agonists are incretin mimetics that enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion by the pancreatic beta-cells by stimulating G-protein, suppress inappropriately elevated glucagon secretion, and slow gastric emptying. These agents also increase intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP), leading to insulin release in the presence of elevated glucose concentrations.
Liraglutide (Victoza)
Approved by the FDA as an adjunct to diet and exercise for treatment of T2DM in adults and children aged 10 y and older.
Exenatide injectable suspension (Bydureon, Bydureon BCise)
This agent is a synthetic analogue of human amylin, a naturally occurring hormone made in pancreatic beta cells. It slows gastric emptying, suppresses postprandial glucagon secretion, and regulates food intake through centrally mediated appetite modulation. It is indicated to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes in combination with insulin. This agent is administered before mealtime for patients who have not achieved desired glucose control despite optimal insulin therapy. It helps to achieve lower blood glucose levels after meals, less fluctuation of blood glucose levels during the day, and improvement of long-term control of glucose levels (ie, HbA1C levels), compared with insulin alone. Less insulin use and a reduction in body weight are also observed.
Pramlintide (Symlin)
Pramlintide is a synthetic analogue of human amylin, a naturally occurring hormone made in pancreatic beta cells. It slows gastric emptying, suppresses postprandial glucagon secretion, and regulates food intake through centrally mediated appetite modulation. The drug is indicated to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes in combination with insulin. It is administered before mealtime for patients who have not achieved desired glucose control despite optimal insulin therapy. Pramlintide helps to achieve lower blood glucose levels after meals, less fluctuation of blood glucose levels during the day, and improvement of long-term control of glucose levels (ie, HbA1C levels), compared with insulin alone. Less insulin use and a reduction in body weight are also observed.
These agents block the action of DDP-4, which is known to degrade incretin. DDP-4 inhibitors have not yet gained FDA approval for use in children.
Linagliptin (Tradjenta)
Linagliptin increases and prolongs incretin hormone activity, which is inactivated by the DPP-4 enzyme. It is indicated, along with diet and exercise, for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, to lower blood sugar. Linagliptin may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other common antidiabetic medications, including metformin, sulfonylurea, and pioglitazone. It has not been studied in combination with insulin.
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Sitagliptin blocks the enzyme DPP-4, which is known to degrade incretin hormones. It increases concentrations of active intact incretin hormones (GLP-1, GIP). The hormones stimulate insulin release in response to increased blood glucose levels following meals. This action enhances glycemic control. Sitagliptin is indicated for type 2 diabetes as monotherapy or is combined with metformin or with a PPAR-gamma agonist (eg, thiazolidinediones).
Saxagliptin (Onglyza)
Saxagliptin blocks DPP-4, which is known to degrade incretin hormones, increasing concentrations of active intact incretin hormones (GLP-1 and GIP). The hormones stimulate insulin release in response to increased blood glucose levels following meals. This action enhances glycemic control. Saxagliptin is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.
Insulin acts via specific membrane-bound receptors on target tissues to regulate metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fats. Target organs for insulin include the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue.
Insulin degludec (Tresiba)
Ultra-long-acting insulin that is the only insulin product approved by the FDA to improve glycemic control in pediatric patients aged ≥1 y with type 2 DM. It usually takes 3-4 days for insulin degludec to reach steady state, peak plasma time is 9 h and the duration of action is at least 42 h. It is highly protein bound, and following SC administration, the protein-binding provides a depot effect.
Insulin degludec is produced by a process that includes expression of recombinant DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae followed by chemical modification. Insulin degludec differs from human insulin in that the amino acid threonine in position B30 has been omitted and a side-chain consisting of glutamic acid and a C16 fatty acid has been attached.
Insulin regular human (Humulin R, Humulin R U-500, Myxredlin)
Indicated for diabetes mellitus. Recommended use in children and adolescents 10 years and older. Regular insulin has a short onset of action, 0.5 hour. Its peak effect occurs within 2-4 hours, and its usual duration of action is 5-8 hours. Preparations that contain a mixture of 70% neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin and 30% regular human insulin (eg, Novolin 70/30 and Humulin 70/30) are available, but the fixed ratios of intermediate-acting to rapid-acting insulin may restrict their use.
Pancreatic alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans produce glucagon, a polypeptide hormone. Glucagon increases blood glucose levels by promoting hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
Glucagon (GlucaGen, Gvoke)
Glucagon elevates blood glucose levels by inhibiting glycogen synthesis and enhancing the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources such as proteins and fats (gluconeogenesis). It increases hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose in the liver and accelerates hepatic glycogenolysis and lipolysis in adipose tissue. Glucagon also increases the force of contraction in the heart and has a relaxant effect on the gastrointestinal tract. Available as a powder for reconstitution. It is also available as a ready-to-use SC solution in prefilled syringes or an autoinjector.
Glucagon intranasal (Baqsimi)
Activates hepatic glucagon receptors that stimulate cAMP synthesis. This action accelerates hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, causing an increase in blood glucose levels. Preexisting hepatic glycogen stores necessary to be effective in treating hypoglycemia. It is indicated for severe hypoglycemic reactions in adults and children aged 4 y or older with diabetes.
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Simplified scheme for the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Alba E Morales Pozzo, MD Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Kentucky Children's Hospital, University of Kentucky Healthcare
Alba E Morales Pozzo, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Diabetes Association, American Medical Association, American Telemedicine Association, Arkansas Foundation for Medical Care, Arkansas Medical Society, Endocrine Society, Pediatric Endocrine Society
Mary L Windle, PharmD Adjunct Associate Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
George P Chrousos, MD, FAAP, MACP, MACE, FRCP(London) Professor and Chair, First Department of Pediatrics, Athens University Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Greece; UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, University of Athens, Greece
George P Chrousos, MD, FAAP, MACP, MACE, FRCP(London) is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Physicians, American Pediatric Society, American Society for Clinical Investigation, Association of American Physicians, Endocrine Society, Pediatric Endocrine Society, Society for Pediatric Research, American College of Endocrinology
Sasigarn A Bowden, MD, FAAP Professor of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine; Pediatric Endocrinologist, Division of Endocrinology, Nationwide Children's Hospital; Affiliate Faculty/Principal Investigator, Center for Clinical Translational Research, Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital
Sasigarn A Bowden, MD, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, Central Ohio Pediatric Society, Endocrine Society, International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes, Pediatric Endocrine Society, Society for Pediatric Research
Arlan L Rosenbloom, MD Adjunct Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine; Fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics; Fellow of the American College of Epidemiology
Arlan L Rosenbloom, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Epidemiology, American Pediatric Society, Endocrine Society, Pediatric Endocrine Society, Society for Pediatric Research, Florida Chapter of The American Academy of Pediatrics, Florida Pediatric Society, International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes
The authors and editors of Medscape Reference gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous author Jean-Claude DesMangles, MD,to the development and writing of the source article.
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1 BBC7
2 Book Series
3 Program details
4 About the july 2012 notability warning
5 Suggestion for the format of this article
BBC7[edit]
The show has been airing on BBC7 recently, on Saturday mornings. 121a0012 03:12, 30 October 2006 (UTC)
And also while the week. But the episodes were different from the ones listed on this site. JanCK 23:51, 30 October 2006 (UTC)
Book Series[edit]
Is it reasonable to create articles for the individual Vinyl Cafe books? Newtonthenewt (talk) 15:03, 29 April 2009 (UTC)
In theory, yes; several of them have won the Stephen Leacock Award, after all. That said, I suspect that there's not a lot that can really be written about each individual book besides the list of stories; it might be easier to start off with an omnibus article and then spin separate articles off from there if and when needed. I'd note, as well, that List of Dave and Morley stories is already effectively serving that very purpose, since the list is already divvied up by each book and each album. Bearcat (talk) 21:09, 16 November 2009 (UTC)
Program details[edit]
Does anyone have any idea when it started airing? —Preceding unsigned comment added by PaulGGraham (talk • contribs) 16:14, 18 October 2009 (UTC)
According to Stuart McLean's individual article, it started as a series of specials in 1994 and became a permanent weekly program in 1997. I'm not entirely sure why that information hasn't been integrated here — although it isn't actually referenced over there either. Bearcat (talk) 21:12, 16 November 2009 (UTC)
About the july 2012 notability warning[edit]
I was really surprised to see a notability warning on this page. How best to address this issue? I note that the warning links to a WP policy for web sites. I could not find a specific notability guideline for radio shows, so I've just read the general policy, Wikipedia:Notability. I believe this page could be improved by linking to reliable sources, independant of the Vinyl Cafe web site, which demonstrate the importance of this show to Canadian culture. Leannet3 (talk) 20:04, 14 July 2012 (UTC)
I think the tag was placed by mistake, perhaps by a non-Canadian unfamiliar with the show. Here's a Google News archive search listing 100s of press references. They should have lots of material with which to expand the article.
I removed the tag. --A. B. (talk • contribs) 10:36, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
Suggestion for the format of this article[edit]
Perhaps the WP article on A Prairie Home Companion could be used as a model to improve The Vinyl Cafe Page. This example has a more "encyclopedic" style - as per WP guidance to post only encyclopedic information that can be verified by external sources.Leannet3 (talk) 20:09, 14 July 2012 (UTC)
I simply repaired what appeared to be a malformed link in the above comment. This one works great. NorthCoastReader (talk) 00:55, 11 August 2012 (UTC)
I would love to see more of the history of The Vinyl Café added to the page. Gratefooled (talk) 01:08, 5 December 2016 (UTC)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:The_Vinyl_Cafe&oldid=882659305"
Start-Class podcasting articles
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Low-importance Canadian music articles
WikiProject Canadian music articles

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Interestingly engaged with the abstract world, Morgan Will's (b. 1992) paintings challenge the viewer with uncommon depictions inspired by the artist's remarkable keenness in detail and mindfully art perspective. Observing Wills' work, the repetitive motif that appears in most of his art is almost concealed; deformed or weirdly shaped male figures consist a critical contribution to his visual abstractions and create unseen signs communicating a strange narrative to the rest of his painting composition. The male figures, such as in Screen Shot, keep a satisfying balance of styles and visual language within the artist's other imagery.
Wills captures random visions that aim to project manifold interpretations to the viewer through the mysterious, almost surreal, character of his work. It seems that his paintings take shape after a more careful observation revealing their meaning in the course of their development. Pointing out the painting's microcosm, such as in Boulder Portrait or in Through Net, small details on canvas attach significant visual attributes that render a fuzzy dynamic and move the whole painting to another level.
Slight grotesque features, such as long pointed noises, buggy geometries in anthropomorphic bodies or freakish teeth and fingers, create irregular images full of creative absurdism. Genderless figures characterise Wills' artistry, while seemingly meaningless elements, infused by a sense of satire and hyper-realistic style, underline the pragmatic, fantastic or ambiguous scenes in his works. Wills' intention is apparently to stimulate and activate emotions rather than to explain. And he certainly achieves that.
Born in 1992, Morgan Wills lives and works in London. The emerging artist studied a BA in Painting at Wimbledon College of Art in 2014. His work has been mainly exhibited across the United Kingdom in art galleries, such as the Unit 1 Gallery Workshop, the Bloomberg New Contemporaries, the Sid Motion and the Tripp gallery at the British capital. Last year, Wisdom Tooth was the artist's latest solo exhibition as part of the residency he had at Unit 1 in London.
In his interview with Art Verge, Morgan Wills shares his approach on his abstract art and other art issues, while providing some very interesting insights about his daily life.
Morgan Wills: There isn't a general formula really – I guess I usually start figuring things out through drawing. Ideas realised through this process then inform the paintings and sculptures.
MW: It's a big list, I look at a lot of work, and try to see as much in the flesh as possible – recently I have enjoyed the work of Karl Horst Hödicke, Michael Armitage and some great tapestries by Alicja Kowalska and Tomasz Kowalski.
MW: Not especially, I think I'm much happier in general life when I'm working.
MW: That is the big question – I don't think there is a formula that works every time, it's always different. I like to think I'll know it when I see it, unfortunately sometimes I only realise a few additions too late – that's when I know its going to be a long one.
MW: The Rose Wylie show at the serpentine, it was a return trip, too good not to.
MW: For the work to inspire any kind of response is great. There's no controlling what people think, but no response at all would be a disaster.
MW: She is very supportive.
MW: Depends what's in it.
AV: What are your plans for the near future?


Northeast OH – If you have a foreclosure or short sale on your credit report, then it will lower your credit score quickly. In the near term, the decrease will be much more than it will be a few months down the road when it starts to inch its way back up.
Thinking about a short sale? I can help you short sale your property so you can move on with your life. Send me an e-mail at iandymorris@gmail.com/a>. I will contact you for a free consultation.


Grouse is a rich, gamey bird which comes into season in August when the shooting season begins on August 12th - the so-called 'glorious twelfth' - and lasts until around December. Grouse meat is the darkest of all the game birds, a deep red which helps give dishes a somewhat autumnal aesthetic. This collection of grouse recipes offers some fantastic inspiration for cooking with the bird across its full season, from late summer until winter.
The rich flavour of grouse pairs equally well with sweet and earthy flavours. William Drabble's Roast grouse with blackberries recipe is a wonderful dish to make in late August, when the grouse is young and blackberries are at their plumpest, while Adam Stokes' Grouse with beetroot makes striking use of colour on the plate. For a hearty winter recipe try Phil Howard's Mousseline of grouse, served with savoy cabbage and red wine sauce.
For more advice on sourcing and cooking this superb game bird take a look at our how to cook grouse guide.


Inspiration begins with things that catch my eye everyday. Nature and her riot of bright colors, patterns in textiles all are reflected in my work. Challenging artistic limits are seen in my functional and decorative pieces.


Support » Plugin: Pushover Notifications for WordPress » Still being developed? How about a WooCommerce extension?
Still being developed? How about a WooCommerce extension?
Is this still being developed? Long time with no updates…?
Also, a WooCommerce extension would be great, since it seems development on their iOS app has stalled out, and there's no Android app (at least that anyone knows of).
It's still here and working. It's not getting updates because it's been written in a way that it just simply works without changes.
Because of that I just never put WooCommerce at the top of my list since they already had one and I knew it was written well.
Thanks for the quick reply! You might consider an occasional update just to bump the WordPress version it's compatible with, and to keep people from wondering if it's still being maintained.
Ah, cool. I'll check out that other plugin.
The Plugin "Pushover Notifications for WordPress" appears to be abandoned (updated November 3, 2015, tested to WP 4.3.15).
I'm happy the plugin continues to work. A simple version bump would help to restore confidence for those who use and love it!
The topic 'Still being developed? How about a WooCommerce extension?' is closed to new replies.


Gambling opportunities have sharply increased all over the UK in a short period of a couple of years. It has been transforming into a socially acceptable means of entertainment due to the increasing leniency in laws regarding gambling. Gambling has been made available in all areas of the city and special facilities have opened for this purpose. Betting offices, clubs, and casinos are just a few examples of such places. "Gambling is playing games involving chance or placing bets in the hope or expectation of winning money.
Gambling takes many forms, from buying lottery tickets in a raffle to playing the football pools or betting on the Grand National to table gaming in casinos. " (Basic facts about the British Gambling Industry, pg. 2) Developments in science and technology have open new gates for gamblers on a global scale. Nowadays, gamblers can take advantage of online gambling facilities to indulge themselves in these activities without leaving their houses just by using their credit cards.
The government has further opened opportunities to gamble on telephones if you have activated an account with a bookmaker. According to a report prepared by KPMG, the total amount betted on gambling activities in Britain in the year 1998 reached 42,121 million pounds. The amount spent in casinos was the topmost which calculated up to 18,547 million pounds. A Brief History of Gambling in Britain "The high point of gambling in Britain is considered to be a period of aristocratic excess in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
Upper-class gaming was characterized by "deep play" (defined by the philosopher Jeremy Bentham as gambling for stakes so high that it becomes irrational) and crazy, eccentric wagers, such as the one apparently struck by the northern baron who bet he could make it to Lapland and back within an allotted time, accompanied by two reindeer and two native females. He won his bet. " (Atherton, pg. 28+) The Gaming Act of 1845 declared the games of chance as illegitimate. For a long period of time until 1960, gambling carried on inside the UK as an illegal business.
It was in 1960 that the government took a major step in the legalization of this industry. Hence, the betting and gaming Act of 1960 was introduced for this legalization process. The Betting and Gaming Act of 1960 altered the previous laws and paved the way for the development of gambling outlets especially casinos all over the UK. Since this was the first time that gambling was permitted in the UK, the government did not take necessary precautions to control the side effects that are associated with gambling activities.
This was the major cause of the rise in crimes in Britain at that time since criminals found these new legalized gambling outlets and casinos as a good place to strengthen their footholds. Moreover, loans and losses in gambling gave birth to new criminals as addicted gamblers adopted thefts, burglaries, and other money-making crimes to fulfill their gambling compulsions. As time passed, lawmakers realized the need for a new act that would focus on these issues that have risen after the legalization of gambling.
Therefore, the Gaming Act of 1968 was brought in to impose certain restrictions on the gambling industry. With the introduction of the Gaming Act of 1968, the Gaming Board was seriously planning to put a ban on Roulette but they succumbed to the demands of the gambling industry. (http://www. hca. heacademy. ac. uk/resources/TDG/reports/gaming-example-wolfe. ppt) The launching of the National Lottery and the increasing trend in online gambling during the 1990s led to the revision of betting duty by the British government.


text:
Does It Actually Matter How "True" Our "True Story" Movies Are?
By Jason Bailey
Look, it's not that I make a habit of reading the message boards at IMDb, a pool of intellectualism falling somewhere between an Ain't It Cool News comment section and the bathroom wall scrawlings of a particularly noxious truck stop. But when I was on the site a couple of weeks back while writing my rave of Paul Greengrass' Captain Phillips (out today in wide release), a posting labeled "The Real Story…" caught my eye, and I executed an eye roll that nearly gave me a migraine. Here they go again, I thought. You see, it's prestige movie season, and since "true stories" are such proven awards bait, we're going to have to hear a whole lotta nattering about the details and inaccuracies in all of them. It's as much a yearly ritual as the Oscar derby itself, and nearly as ridiculous, because such nitpicking has next to nothing to do with the value of the films themselves.
"Hope the film doesn't forget about the rest of the 'heroes' on board the Maersk Alabama," sneers the IMDb poster. "After all, Capt. Phillips became a hero by virtue of sailing his ship into pirate-infested waters, being captured immediately and held hostage until freed by the Navy SEALs." He (I'm assuming it's a he; the handler is "goatdiddler") then proceeds to give a point-by-point description of what happened during the hijacking of the Maersk to ensure that "the media" (oh, The Media) and the film don't give "the real heroes short shrift." Here's what's hilarious about the post: Everything that he describes is, to the detail, part of the film. His message was written on September 24, three days before the film's world premiere at the New York Film Festival. He was fact-checking the movie sight unseen.
But that's the reflexive crouch adopted by everyone from anonymous commenters to major new organizations now: that any film based on true events must be considered for its total historical accuracy first, and its artistic value a distant, barely mentionable second. CNN and ABC have both run sensationalistic stories about the "controversy" surrounding the film (and the lawsuit from crew members that questions his heroism); sadly, neither story is any more informed than IMDb's "goatdiddler." The issue of Phillips' culpability in the Alabama's route is raised and handled satisfactorily in the film, but little matter — those reports don't seem to have seen it.
This is by no means a phenomenon exclusive to Captain Phillips. Awards chatter has surrounded 12 Years a Slave since its festival run began last month, and for good reason — it's a harrowing, powerful, emotionally exhausting film, one of the year's best. But nearly a month before its release, here's The New York Times, carefully noting doubts about both the veracity of the memoir that inspired it and that book's authorship. Wikileaks, an organization that really should have more important things to do, is combating Bill Condon's upcoming The Fifth Estate with an annotated screenplay and "talking points" about the film's inaccuracies (down to its assertion that Julian Assange dyes his hair).
And it's not a phenomenon confined to "true story" narratives. Gravity was released on October 4 and swiftly knocked out critics and moviegoers with its brisk intensity. Two days later, astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson took to Twitter to knock it down a few notches by poking holes in the scientific details, because as we all know, science-fiction films are notorious for never fudging the science.
Such babble does nothing to diminish the power of these films — I don't retroactively regret the tears I shed at 12 Years' brutal lashings if someone tells me they landed on the backs of composite characters any more than I second-guess the force with which Gravity moved and excited me simply because Tyson wants to know where Sandra Bullock's space diaper was. But there's a smugness to these attempted takedowns (and to those who crowingly share them on your various timelines), an ugly implication that they'd like you to feel, to some degree, like a sucker for being transported by these experiences — and an unspoken desire to ruin them for you with their self-satisfied "fact-checking." (There is also, as The Wrap notes, a tendency for inaccuracy "whisper campaigns" to accompany Oscar buzz, a rarely effective but frequently deployed strategy dating from 1999's The Hurricane through last year's Argo and Zero Dark Thirty.)
No one's disputing the idea of preventing outright fiction from presenting itself as fact — but that's not what we're talking about in the cases of Phillips or 12 Years or most of the films that find themselves on the receiving end of these criticisms. When Roger Ebert wrote about JFK (another film that attracted more than its share of criticism over its "accuracy"), he clarified that while the journalists who were criticizing it want facts, as a film critic, "I want moods, tones, fears, imaginings, whims, speculations, nightmares. As a general principle, I believe films are the wrong medium for fact. Fact belongs in print. Films are about emotions. My notion is that JFK is no more, or less, factual than Stone's Nixon or Gandhi, Lawrence of Arabia, Gladiator, Amistad, Out of Africa, My Dog Skip, or any other movie based on 'real life.' All we can reasonably ask is that it be skillfully made and seem to approach some kind of emotional truth."
Captain Phillips (and 12 Years a Slave, and even Gravity) do that, and then some. In the process of doing so, characters may be combined, dialogue may be created, incidents may be compressed. These modifications are allowed (just as they are in adapting, say, books into films) and expected, as they are part and parcel of the creation of cinematic drama. They make movies that are obligated to correctly represent every tiny detail, you know. They're called documentaries.


text:
//
//  SA_OAuthTwitterController.m
//
//  Created by Ben Gottlieb on 24 July 2009.
//  Copyright 2009 Stand Alone, Inc.
//
//  Some code and concepts taken from examples provided by
//  Matt Gemmell, Chris Kimpton, and Isaiah Carew
//  See ReadMe for further attributions, copyrights and license info.
//

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>

#import "SA_OAuthTwitterEngine.h"

#import "SA_OAuthTwitterController.h"

// Constants
static NSString* const kGGTwitterLoadingBackgroundImage = @"twitter_load.png";

@interface SA_OAuthTwitterController ()
@property (nonatomic, readonly) UIToolbar *pinCopyPromptBar;
@property (nonatomic, readwrite) UIInterfaceOrientation orientation;

- (id) initWithEngine: (SA_OAuthTwitterEngine *) engine andOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)theOrientation;
//- (void) performInjection;
- (NSString *) locateAuthPinInWebView: (UIWebView *) webView;

- (void) showPinCopyPrompt;
- (void) gotPin: (NSString *) pin;
@end

@interface DummyClassForProvidingSetDataDetectorTypesMethod
- (void) setDataDetectorTypes: (int) types;
- (void) setDetectsPhoneNumbers: (BOOL) detects;
@end

@interface NSString (TwitterOAuth)
- (BOOL) oauthtwitter_isNumeric;
@end

@implementation NSString (TwitterOAuth)
- (BOOL) oauthtwitter_isNumeric {
	const char				*raw = (const char *) [self UTF8String];

	for (int i = 0; i < strlen(raw); i++) {
		if (raw[i] < '0' || raw[i] > '9') return NO;
	}
	return YES;
}
@end

@implementation SA_OAuthTwitterController
@synthesize engine = _engine, delegate = _delegate, navigationBar = _navBar, orientation = _orientation;

- (void) dealloc {
	[_backgroundView release];

	[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver: self];
	_webView.delegate = nil;
	[_webView loadRequest: [NSURLRequest requestWithURL: [NSURL URLWithString: @""]]];
	[_webView release];

	self.view = nil;
	self.engine = nil;
	[super dealloc];
}

+ (SA_OAuthTwitterController *) controllerToEnterCredentialsWithTwitterEngine: (SA_OAuthTwitterEngine *) engine delegate: (id <SA_OAuthTwitterControllerDelegate>) delegate forOrientation: (UIInterfaceOrientation)theOrientation {
	if (![self credentialEntryRequiredWithTwitterEngine: engine]) return nil;			//not needed

	SA_OAuthTwitterController					*controller = [[[SA_OAuthTwitterController alloc] initWithEngine: engine andOrientation: theOrientation] autorelease];

	controller.delegate = delegate;
	return controller;
}

+ (SA_OAuthTwitterController *) controllerToEnterCredentialsWithTwitterEngine: (SA_OAuthTwitterEngine *) engine delegate: (id <SA_OAuthTwitterControllerDelegate>) delegate {
	return [SA_OAuthTwitterController controllerToEnterCredentialsWithTwitterEngine: engine delegate: delegate forOrientation: UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait];
}

+ (BOOL) credentialEntryRequiredWithTwitterEngine: (SA_OAuthTwitterEngine *) engine {
	return ![engine isAuthorized];
}

- (id) initWithEngine: (SA_OAuthTwitterEngine *) engine andOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)theOrientation {
	if (self = [super init]) {
		self.engine = engine;
		if (!engine.OAuthSetup) [_engine requestRequestToken];
		self.orientation = theOrientation;
		_firstLoad = YES;

		if (UIInterfaceOrientationIsLandscape( self.orientation ) )
			_webView = [[UIWebView alloc] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(0, 32, 480, 288)];
		else
			_webView = [[UIWebView alloc] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(0, 44, 320, 416)];

		_webView.alpha = 0.0;
		_webView.delegate = self;
		_webView.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleHeight;
		if ([_webView respondsToSelector: @selector(setDetectsPhoneNumbers:)]) [(id) _webView setDetectsPhoneNumbers: NO];
		if ([_webView respondsToSelector: @selector(setDataDetectorTypes:)]) [(id) _webView setDataDetectorTypes: 0];

		NSURLRequest			*request = _engine.authorizeURLRequest;
		[_webView loadRequest: request];

		[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver: self selector: @selector(pasteboardChanged:) name: UIPasteboardChangedNotification object: nil];
	}
	return self;
}

//=============================================================================================================================
#pragma mark Actions
- (void) denied {
	if ([_delegate respondsToSelector: @selector(OAuthTwitterControllerFailed:)]) [_delegate OAuthTwitterControllerFailed: self];
	[self performSelector: @selector(dismissModalViewControllerAnimated:) withObject: (id) kCFBooleanTrue afterDelay: 1.0];
}

- (void) gotPin: (NSString *) pin {
	_engine.pin = pin;
	[_engine requestAccessToken];

	if ([_delegate respondsToSelector: @selector(OAuthTwitterController:authenticatedWithUsername:)]) [_delegate OAuthTwitterController: self authenticatedWithUsername: _engine.username];
	[self performSelector: @selector(dismissModalViewControllerAnimated:) withObject: (id) kCFBooleanTrue afterDelay: 1.0];
}

- (void) cancel: (id) sender {
	if ([_delegate respondsToSelector: @selector(OAuthTwitterControllerCanceled:)]) [_delegate OAuthTwitterControllerCanceled: self];
	[self performSelector: @selector(dismissModalViewControllerAnimated:) withObject: (id) kCFBooleanTrue afterDelay: 0.0];
}

//=============================================================================================================================
#pragma mark View Controller Stuff
- (void) loadView {
	[super loadView];

	_backgroundView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:kGGTwitterLoadingBackgroundImage]];
	if ( UIInterfaceOrientationIsLandscape( self.orientation ) ) {
		self.view = [[[UIView alloc] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(0, 0, 480, 288)] autorelease];
		_backgroundView.frame =  CGRectMake(0, 44, 480, 288);

		_navBar = [[[UINavigationBar alloc] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(0, 0, 480, 32)] autorelease];
	} else {
		self.view = [[[UIView alloc] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 416)] autorelease];
		_backgroundView.frame =  CGRectMake(0, 44, 320, 416);
		_navBar = [[[UINavigationBar alloc] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 44)] autorelease];
	}
	_navBar.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleBottomMargin;
	_backgroundView.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleHeight;
	self.view.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleHeight;

	if (!UIInterfaceOrientationIsLandscape( self.orientation)) [self.view addSubview:_backgroundView];

	[self.view addSubview: _webView];
	[self.view addSubview: _navBar];

	_blockerView = [[[UIView alloc] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(0, 0, 200, 60)] autorelease];
	_blockerView.backgroundColor = [UIColor colorWithWhite: 0.0 alpha: 0.8];
	_blockerView.center = CGPointMake(self.view.bounds.size.width / 2, self.view.bounds.size.height / 2);
	_blockerView.alpha = 0.0;
	_blockerView.clipsToBounds = YES;
	if ([_blockerView.layer respondsToSelector: @selector(setCornerRadius:)]) [(id) _blockerView.layer setCornerRadius: 10];

	UILabel								*label = [[[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(0, 5, _blockerView.bounds.size.width, 15)] autorelease];
	label.text = NSLocalizedString(@"Please Wait…", nil);
	label.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
	label.textColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
	label.textAlignment = UITextAlignmentCenter;
	label.font = [UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize: 15];
	[_blockerView addSubview: label];

	UIActivityIndicatorView				*spinner = [[[UIActivityIndicatorView alloc] initWithActivityIndicatorStyle: UIActivityIndicatorViewStyleWhite] autorelease];

	spinner.center = CGPointMake(_blockerView.bounds.size.width / 2, _blockerView.bounds.size.height / 2 + 10);
	[_blockerView addSubview: spinner];
	[self.view addSubview: _blockerView];
	[spinner startAnimating];

	UINavigationItem				*navItem = [[[UINavigationItem alloc] initWithTitle: NSLocalizedString(@"Twitter Info", nil)] autorelease];
	navItem.leftBarButtonItem = [[[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem: UIBarButtonSystemItemCancel target: self action: @selector(cancel:)] autorelease];

	[_navBar pushNavigationItem: navItem animated: NO];
	[self locateAuthPinInWebView: nil];
}

- (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation {
    return YES;
}

- (void) didRotateFromInterfaceOrientation: (UIInterfaceOrientation) fromInterfaceOrientation {
	self.orientation = self.interfaceOrientation;
	_blockerView.center = CGPointMake(self.view.bounds.size.width / 2, self.view.bounds.size.height / 2);
//	[self performInjection];			//removed due to twitter update
}

//=============================================================================================================================
#pragma mark Notifications
- (void) pasteboardChanged: (NSNotification *) note {
	UIPasteboard					*pb = [UIPasteboard generalPasteboard];

	if ([note.userInfo objectForKey: UIPasteboardChangedTypesAddedKey] == nil) return;		//no meaningful change

	NSString						*copied = pb.string;

	if (copied.length != 7 || !copied.oauthtwitter_isNumeric) return;

	[self gotPin: copied];
}

//=============================================================================================================================
#pragma mark Webview Delegate stuff
- (void) webViewDidFinishLoad: (UIWebView *) webView {
	_loading = NO;
	//[self performInjection];
	if (_firstLoad) {
		[_webView performSelector: @selector(stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:) withObject: @"window.scrollBy(0,200)" afterDelay: 0];
		_firstLoad = NO;
	} else {
		NSString					*authPin = [self locateAuthPinInWebView: webView];

		if (authPin.length) {
			[self gotPin: authPin];
			return;
		}

		NSString					*formCount = [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString: @"document.forms.length"];

		if ([formCount isEqualToString: @"0"]) {
			[self showPinCopyPrompt];
		}
	}

	[UIView beginAnimations: nil context: nil];
	_blockerView.alpha = 0.0;
	[UIView commitAnimations];

	if ([_webView isLoading]) {
		_webView.alpha = 0.0;
	} else {
		_webView.alpha = 1.0;
	}
}

- (void) showPinCopyPrompt {
	if (self.pinCopyPromptBar.superview) return;		//already shown
	self.pinCopyPromptBar.center = CGPointMake(self.pinCopyPromptBar.bounds.size.width / 2, self.pinCopyPromptBar.bounds.size.height / 2);
	[self.view insertSubview: self.pinCopyPromptBar belowSubview: self.navigationBar];

	[UIView beginAnimations: nil context: nil];
	self.pinCopyPromptBar.center = CGPointMake(self.pinCopyPromptBar.bounds.size.width / 2, self.navigationBar.bounds.size.height + self.pinCopyPromptBar.bounds.size.height / 2);
	[UIView commitAnimations];
}

/*********************************************************************************************************
 I am fully aware that this code is chock full 'o flunk. That said:

 - first we check, using standard DOM-diving, for the pin, looking at both the old and new tags for it.
 - if not found, we try a regex for it. This did not work for me (though it did work in test web pages).
 - if STILL not found, we iterate the entire HTML and look for an all-numeric 'word', 7 characters in length

Ugly. I apologize for its inelegance. Bleah.

*********************************************************************************************************/

- (NSString *) locateAuthPinInWebView: (UIWebView *) webView {
	NSString			*js = @"var d = document.getElementById('oauth-pin'); if (d == null) d = document.getElementById('oauth_pin'); if (d) d = d.innerHTML; if (d == null) {var r = new RegExp('\\\\s[0-9]+\\\\s'); d = r.exec(document.body.innerHTML); if (d.length > 0) d = d[0];} d.replace(/^\\s*/, '').replace(/\\s*$/, ''); d;";
	NSString			*pin = [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString: js];

//	if (pin.length > 0) return pin;

	NSString			*html = [webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString: @"document.body.innerText"];

	if (html.length == 0) return nil;

	const char			*rawHTML = (const char *) [html UTF8String];
	int					length = strlen(rawHTML), chunkLength = 0;

	for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
		if (rawHTML[i] < '0' || rawHTML[i] > '9') {
			if (chunkLength == 7) {
				char				*buffer = (char *) malloc(chunkLength + 1);

				memmove(buffer, &rawHTML[i - chunkLength], chunkLength);
				buffer[chunkLength] = 0;

				pin = [NSString stringWithUTF8String: buffer];
				free(buffer);
				return pin;
			}
			chunkLength = 0;
		} else
			chunkLength++;
	}

	return nil;
}

- (UIToolbar *) pinCopyPromptBar {
	if (_pinCopyPromptBar == nil){
		CGRect					bounds = self.view.bounds;

		_pinCopyPromptBar = [[[UIToolbar alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 44, bounds.size.width, 44)] autorelease];
		_pinCopyPromptBar.barStyle = UIBarStyleBlackTranslucent;
		_pinCopyPromptBar.autoresizingMask = UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleBottomMargin;

		_pinCopyPromptBar.items = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
							  [[[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem: UIBarButtonSystemItemFlexibleSpace target: nil action: nil] autorelease],
							  [[[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle: NSLocalizedString(@"Select and Copy the PIN", @"Select and Copy the PIN") style: UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target: nil action: nil] autorelease],
							  [[[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem: UIBarButtonSystemItemFlexibleSpace target: nil action: nil] autorelease],
							nil];
	}

	return _pinCopyPromptBar;
}

//removed since Twitter changed the page format
//- (void) performInjection {
//	if (_loading) return;
//
//	NSError					*error;
//	NSString				*filename = UIInterfaceOrientationIsLandscape(self.orientation ) ? @"jQueryInjectLandscape" : @"jQueryInject";
//	NSString				*path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource: filename ofType: @"txt"];
//
//    NSString *dataSource = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:path encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:&error];
//
//    if (dataSource == nil) {
//        NSLog(@"An error occured while processing the jQueryInject file");
//    }
//
//	[_webView stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:dataSource]; //This line injects the jQuery to make it look better
//}

- (void) webViewDidStartLoad: (UIWebView *) webView {
	//[_activityIndicator startAnimating];
	_loading = YES;
	[UIView beginAnimations: nil context: nil];
	_blockerView.alpha = 1.0;
	[UIView commitAnimations];
}

- (BOOL) webView: (UIWebView *) webView shouldStartLoadWithRequest: (NSURLRequest *) request navigationType: (UIWebViewNavigationType) navigationType {
	NSData				*data = [request HTTPBody];
	char				*raw = data ? (char *) [data bytes] : "";

	if (raw && strstr(raw, "cancel=")) {
		[self denied];
		return NO;
	}
	if (navigationType != UIWebViewNavigationTypeOther) _webView.alpha = 0.1;
	return YES;
}

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


We are proud to announce Perdigital's partnerships and growing day by day. Hopi, shopping application started to work with Perdigital. When you go shopping you buy everything with Hopi and it gives you some bonuses named as Paracık. You can spend your Paracıks to everything which Hopi made a partnership with. Perdigital now, sells its products with Paracık and if you use Hopi application while online shopping from Perdigital you earn some extra Paracıks. For digital games and steam games Hopi gains up to %20 more Paracıks. With this way, you earn more Paracıks and more games. The biggest bonus system in Turkey Hopi now cooperate with Perdigital to enter digital world, Perdigital also welcome Hopi for its digital hub idea. This partnershipt will continue with some tournaments, shopping campaings and collaborations in future days.
After Hopi, last week Perdigital made one more important partnership. Everybody knows in Turkey and people who made business with Turkey, football is the best interest of Turkish people. One of the best derby match Fenerbahçe – Galatasaray included in Turkish Football League which sponsored by Spor Toto, has broadcasting in TVs handled by Digiturk. Perdigital now has a partnership with Digiturk for broadcasting football matches. Every match codes distributed from Perdigital web pages with its fee and fans can buy these epins from Perdigital web shopping site and watch their football teams matches in Super League of Turkey. Digiturk once wanted to enter game business in Turkey with some online games but after some bad experiences, they continued to broadcasting business now collaborates with Perdigital once again to enter digital world. Who knows, one day maybe Digiturk can enter game business with Perdigital but now partnership is only included for match code distribution.
Digiturk and Hopi choose Perdigital to expand their customers and take an eye to gaming customers. Perdigital also expands its digital hub idea without game or game related businesses. These collaborations will continue and Gaming In Turkey will support Perdigital with its digital hub journey.


Over the last few months I have been thinking a lot about what it takes to become a better marketer.
Here are the top 5 things I have been working on, that have made a difference to my own marketing knowledge and ability.
In an often subjective industry like marketing, knowledge is power. So you should be reading as much about marketing as you can to gain that knowledge.
I have compiled a list of marketing books that I have read over the years that have shaped my thinking. You can also try Amazon's best sellers list.
Books are great as they go into depth, but in the current environment many are somewhat out of date by the time they are published, so to stay up to date you should also be reading marketing websites and blogs on a daily basis.
Check out some of the ones I recommend on the right of this page. Some useful marketing blog directories are the Australian Marketing Pioneers Blogs and Alltop Marketing News.
So that you can managing drinking from the firehose, set your favourite blogs up in an RSS feed platform such as iGoogle, Google Reader or Pageflakes.
But, I think just as important as reading more, is the need to read more widely.
The marketing industry has many specializations. We often get into the habit of only reading about our specialization, which is great for deepening knowledge.
But the downside is that it narrows our vision and means that we are more likely to miss innovations and opportunities in another area.
So recently I have started reading about advances in psychology, art design and copywriting even though I wouldn't consider these my specialties.
They have allowed me to have more in depth conversations with my research and creative collegues.
To deliver best practice work yourself, first you need to know what best practice is. The easiest way to do this is to review the award show annuals for work that is recognised as the benchmark.
The best way to grow is to surround yourself with people that will expand and challenge your thinking. If you want to find people like this there are a few ways you can seek them out.
The first is to join industry associations and attend networking events. I have been getting a lot more involved with ADMA over the last few months and have had the opportunity to rub shoulders with such a diverse range of talented marketers.
The second is to attend seminars and hear the captains of industry speak, and not be afraid to go up to the speaker afterwards for a chat.
You will be surprised how accommodating people at the top of their game are for people on their way up, especially if you let them know who much you like their advice!
The best seminar I have attended recently was the mUmBRELLA Social Media Masterclass. I am now following most of the presenters on Twitter.
This is critical if you are to gain respect outside of marketing, which is important as it is often not marketers that give approval on your campaign. You need to be able to demonstrate and use financial lingo if you are ever going to be able to sell your idea.
Ask your finance or product team for a tutorial on calculating and evaluating Return on Investment and understanding the financial drivers of your business.
They will really appreciate your willingness to learn their jargon. Then you can offer to give them a tutorial on marketing and we all win!
Over the last 2 months, I think developing this blog has taught me just as much about digital marketing as the last few years working in the digital marketing industry.
Specifically, I have learnt in detail about information architecture, page design, online copy writing, RSS feeds, Search Engine Optimisation, Social Bookmarking, and Twitter.
And I keep learning more every day as the analytics roll in and I read more blogs.
The more ideas we share, the more the marketing industry will benefit from the wisdom of crowds.
Maloney on Marketing has now been around for 1 year and here are the top 5 posts so far.
← What is new media doing to consumer psychology?


text:
– japoński kick-boxer, zawodnik K-1

Kariera sportowa
Profesjonalny debiut zanotował w 2004 roku, walcząc dla japońskiej organizacji RISE. W latach 2006-2007 był mistrzem J-Network w wadze ciężkiej.

W K-1 zadebiutował 2 grudnia 2006 roku w zwycięskiej walce z Mitsugu Nodą. W swojej drugiej walce, w marcu 2007 roku podczas gali K-1 WGP w Jokohamie niespodziewanie pokonał gwiazdę K-1 Jerome'a Le Bannera. Sukces ten oraz dwa kolejne zwycięstwa przed czasem zaowocowały występem w gali eliminacyjnej Final 16, podczas której pokonał przez techniczny nokaut Yūsuke Fujimoto. Dzięki temu wystąpił w Finale K-1 WGP 2007. Odpadł w ćwierćfinale, znokautowany przez Petera Aertsa.

W 2008 roku nie awansował do finałowej fazy K-1 WGP, przegrywając w eliminacjach w rewanżowej walce z Le Bannerem.

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne
 Profil na oficjalnej stronie K-1

Japońscy kickbokserzy
Japońscy zawodnicy formuły K-1
Urodzeni w 1984
Ludzie urodzeni w Tokio

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Rock Is Calling Out His Male Co-Stars for Not Being Standup Guys
Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson turns to social media to call out his male 'Fast and Furious' co-stars for not being stand-up guys.
@therock via Instagram
This story originally appeared on TIME.com. Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson took to Instagram to call out his male co-stars from Fast and Furious on Monday. The action star, who will appear in the eighth installment of the endless Fast and Furious franchise praised the crew and his female co-stars, which includes Helen Mirren and Michelle Rodriguez, before he singled out a selection of unnamed male co-stars for being cowardly, in so many words. "This is my final week of shooting #FastAndFurious8," Johnson wrote. "There's no other franchise that gets my blood boiling more than this one." He then went on to explain why fans will notice that his blood is "legit boiling" in scenes in the movie, which will come out in April. "My female co-stars are always amazing and I love 'em. My male co-stars however are a different story. Some conduct themselves as stand up men and true professionals, while others don't," Johnson continued. "The ones that don't are too chicken s–t to do anything about it anyway. Candy a–es." WANT MORE FROM ESSENCE? Subscribe to our daily newsletter for the latest in hair, beauty, style and celebrity news His male co-stars include Vin Diesel, Scott Eastwood, Chris "Ludacris" Bridges, Kurt Russell, Lucas Black and Tyrese Gibson, none of whom he named.
TOPICS: Dwayne Johnson


text:
GAYTMs vandalised
10 March 2014 News
Two of ANZ's 10 highly decorated GAYTMs have been vandalised over the weekend in what has been described as a homophobic attack in Sydney's CBD.
Police were called to the Oxford Street location around 8.00pm on Sunday 9th March in response to reports that two men were vandalising the ATMs with a metal bar. Upon arrival they found that the decorative signage had been removed from the ATMs, but the machines themselves remained intact.
Superintendent Tony Crandell, Corporate Sponsor for Sexuality and Gender Diversity stated: "The investigation remains in its early stages, with detectives now reviewing CCTV footage from a number of sources in the area and interviewing potential witnesses."
"If this damage was designed to somehow hurt the spirit of Sydney's LGBTIQ community, those responsible have simply underestimated the degree of community pride and resilience recently celebrated at the 2014 Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras."
An ANZ Spokesman said "We were disappointed two of our GAYTMs were vandalised over the weekend, particularly considering the positive feedback the campaign received as a way to celebrate inclusion and diversity during the Sydney Mardi Gras Festival.
"As soon as we became aware of the incident, we dispatched a crew to clean up after the vandals and ensure the ATMs and surrounding site were secure. The remaining GAYTMs will be decommissioned tonight (10 March) as originally planned."


text:
Gorillaz Share 'The Book of Noodle' Story
Dave Lifton Published: October 3, 2016
Michael Loccisano, Getty Images
As we await a new album from Gorillaz, they're teasing us on social media with a tale about one the band's characters. Today (Oct. 3), they released The Book of Noodle, which adds snippets of music and animation that may give a clue as to their direction.
The Book of Noodle arrived in the form of 12 tweets with videos embedded in them. It follows the guitarist as she left Plastic Beach -- a reference to their 2010 album -- during a pirate attack and wound up in Japan. Opening up a pearl shell, she unleashes Mazuu, a "shape-shifting devil of unimaginable evil," into the world, and the only way it can be destroyed is by decapitation. She manages to do it after dressing herself up as a geisha and then she ships herself back to bassist Murdoc Niccals' house in London.
Gorillaz alternate between the text and simply animated Japanese-themed drawings that tell the story, winding up with Mazuu's severed head on the floor. The music ranges from Japanese sounds to space-age bachelor pad music. They've created a hashtag out of "#TheBookofNoodle," so it's possible that this provides a hint at where they're going with their music and their characters.
Almost a year ago, Jamie Hewlett said that Gorillaz were looking to release a new album in 2016, and in April, he posted some footage of Damon Albarn working in the studio to his Instagram account. Gorillaz's last record was The Fall, which they gave away to their fan club on Christmas Day 2010 and released four months later. The group launched its own Instagram feed a couple of weeks ago with an overview of their history, which similarly suggested that big news from the group was imminent.
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Source: Gorillaz Share 'The Book of Noodle' Story
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text:
Your local Ag Specialist.
Temora: (02) 6977 1933
Griffith: (02) 6962 6831
Wagga: (02) 6921 5515
Albury/Wodonga: (02) 6061 4390
CASE IH Toys
Intersales - Temora, Griffith, Wagga Wagga, Albury Wodonga and surrounds - offer rewarding careers in the Riverina's most attractive areas to work and live.
Temora - Administration Trainee
We are searching for an enthusiastic and highly motivated individual to join our expanding team whilst undertaking a Certificate III in Business at TAFE.
Download the attachment below for more information.
Temora-AdministrationTrainee.pdf 11/19/2020 10:33:40 AM
ABOUT TEMORA
Within easy reach of Sydney, Melbourne, Canberra and the coast, Temora is a safe and friendly rural community providing a comprehensive range of services and amenities for its residents. Offering a comfortable, affordable and relaxed lifestyle, Temora provides the perfect base for family, business and social interests. Temora is a rural service town with a healthy local economy and a progressive approach to community development. As such, it generates a modest but ongoing demand for employees in its trades and services sectors. Visit: www.temora.com.au for more info.
ABOUT WAGGA WAGGA
Wagga Wagga is the capital of the Riverina region providing an exciting and yet relaxed lifestyle for residents and visitors. With over 64,000 people, Wagga has the lifestyle and facilities to suit everyone. Stroll the wonderful parks and gardens, cycle the "bikeways", take a nature walk along the banks of the Murrumbidgee or an outing to one of the speciality markets, makes for pleasant experience. Awaken the artistic side in us all and visit the Museums, Art Galleries and Theatres – from traditional to contemporary there is something to suit all tastes. Visit: visitwagga.com for more info.
ABOUT ALBURY-WODONGA
Home to the winding Murray River and its waterways, Lake Hume (six times larger than Sydney Harbour…) an array of food, cultural icons, contemporary museums, linkages to our migrant history, our indigenous people with secret resting spots around every corner. Albury Wodonga is an escape that's a world away from 'everyday' life. It's a place that reminds you to slow down and savour the little things. This is a place that invites you to discover, reconnect and just be you!. Visit: www.visitalburywodonga.com.au for more info.
ABOUT GRIFFITH
Griffith is one of Australia's most vibrant and cosmopolitan centres. With a population of 26,000, Griffith exudes a rich blend of cultures and traditions. Today, more than seventy nationalities add to our cultural tapestry including Italian, Indian, Afghani and Pacific Communities. Our adventurous and industrious people have developed the huge agricultural sector of vineyards, orchards, cereal crops, pasture and rice over the past 100 years and then added value through manufacturing, retail and innovative technology. Griffith is the agricultural powerhouse of the Riverina and services a population of 52,000. The Riverina is one of the most diverse and productive regions in Australia, contributing over $5 billion annually to the national economy.. Visit: www.griffith.nsw.gov.au for more info.
Intersales
Temora - Phone: (02) 6977 1933, 80 Hoskins Street TEMORA NSW 2666
Griffith - Phone: (02) 6962 6831, 8-14 Oakes Road GRIFFITH NSW 2680
Wagga - Phone: (02) 6921 5515, 270 Hammond Avenue WAGGA NSW 2650
Albury/Wodonga - Phone: (02) 6061 4390 5 Kendall Street, Wodonga 3690
Website by Cuttlefish Design
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