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Jillie Mack – Age, Net Worth & All About Tom Selleck's Wife
Jillie Mack is a British actress who is known for her portrayal of Joanie in Silverfox, an action/adventure/crime movie. She is also known for her work on Adventures of Nicholas at Roaring Camp, a TV movie in which she played Brittany. Over the years, she has won admiration for her calm disposition and very homely outlook.
Apart from being known as an actress, Jillie Mack is also known for being the wife of Tom Selleck, one of America's most famous and legendary actors who is also a producer and California Army National Guard veteran. Their marriage has been well-talked about and she is admired for the way she handles being married and being a mother with being an actress.
Jillie Mack's Age and Bio
Jillie Mack was born on the 25th day of December in 1957 in Devizes, a market town and civil parish in the center of Wiltshire, England. Even though she is now widely known by fans as just Jillie Mack, it is noteworthy that her full birth name is Jillie Joan Mack.
The identities of Jillie's parents have remained vague over the years. Also, it is not certain if she has any siblings with whom she grew up in England. Apparently, this is mainly because she has not spoken much about her childhood and family.
Growing up, she fell in love with dancing and started attending dance classes from when she was a very young girl. She however later took interest in acting when she started school and soon began taking part in stage plays and theatre productions. In fact, by the time she had graduated from high school, Jillie Mack had already participated actively in several high school theatrical productions, gaining lots of experience in acting.
Jillie Mack has since gone on to make a name for herself in the acting industry, winning over many fans who are fascinated with her work. It is noteworthy that it was while taking part in a stage production that she met her husband, Tom Selleck.
Jillie Mack's Net Worth
Jillie Mack has actively taken part in the making of several TV series and feature films and has also worked extensively in the theatre. In the process, she has won the admiration of several people in the UK and the USA. It is apparent that her work has fetched her a considerable amount of wealth over the years, however her exact net worth at the moment is not public knowledge as it is still under review.
On the other hand, her husband, Tom Selleck is reported to be worth about $45 million.
How She Met Tom Selleck and Became his Wife
After finishing from high school, Jillie Mack gave her entire time to acting and took part in several theatre productions across the United Kingdom. It was during one of her theatre performances that she met Tom Selleck who would later become her husband.
READ Is Raven Symone Gay Or Lesbian, Who Are Her Parents and Kids?
Jillie was, precisely, taking part in the theatre production of a musical, Cats in the UK when she first met Tom. Cats had become very popular because it was a massive hit and Tom had traveled all the way from the US to England just to see it. He became very impressed with Jillie because of her performance in the musical that he met with her after the show and struck up a conversation. They picked interest in each other straight away.
At the time of their meeting, Tom was already a divorcee and so he asked Jillie out to dinner and she agreed. They started dating soon after. They were seen together in many places and fans began to speculate that they were dating.
Jillie Mack and Tom Selleck at an event.
After being together for a while, Jillie and Tom got married at a secret ceremony in 1987. The news of their marriage came as a surprise to some fans. The couple has been together ever since their marriage and their love appears to be growing stronger with each day, serving as an inspiration to many admirers.
The marriage between Jillie and Tom has produced a daughter called Hannah Margaret Selleck. The couple has always professed their deep love for Hannah whom they constantly dote over. Tom also has a son from his previous marriage called Kevin Selleck. The entire family has lived together in peace for a long time.
Her Movies and TV Series
Jillie Mack has appeared in many TV series and feature films over the years. She made her first appearance on TV in 1984 when she was cast in Magnum, P.I., a TV Series in which she played the role of Sally Ponting. In 1985, she starred in Stephen King's Golden Tales.
In 1987, Jillie scored roles in two series; first she made appearances in The Wizard then starred as Jayne in Tales from the Darkside. The next year in 1989, she joined the cast of Hooperman.
READ ALSO: Geraldine Hakewill – Bio, Husband, Net Worth Of The Actress
Jillie made her first appearance in a feature film in 1991 when she was cast in Silverfox, an action/adventure/crime movie to play the role of Joanie. She was widely hailed for her work in the film. Jillie appeared as Charlotte in Frasier, a TV Series in 1996. The same year, she voiced the role of Brittany in Adventures of Nicholas at Roaring Camp, a TV Movie.
In 1997, Jillie Mack starred in Fired Up, a TV Series in which she played Eleanor. In 2000, she scored a role in The Queen's Nose. Nearly two years later, she was cast in ER, another TV Series.
READ Who Is Jackee Harry? All About Her Husband, Son & TV Shows


D5175 Tina is a two piece Roma Ponte knit dress w/ faux leather trim. Rayon Roma Ponte. Dry Clean Only. In stock in M. Can be special ordered in Black/Black or Navy Blue w/ Black trim in your size, or cut to measure. Please ask.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Congress, BJP kick-start process to pick contestants for Gujarat battle
27/10/2017 by ganesh
Updates from : The Hindu :
BJP board has been holding meetings in Ahmedabad; Cong. screening committee meets in Delhi
With the announcement of poll schedule for the Gujarat Assembly polls, both the BJP and the Congress have begun an elaborate exercise for candidate section. The BJP's State parliamentary board has been holding meetings in Ahmedabad to discuss potential candidates.
The board will make a panel of two candidates for each seat and then the final decision will be taken by the national parliamentary board. "The State parliamentary board will continue to meet till October 27," a party leader said. BJP president Amit Shah is also attending all meetings of the State parliamentary board.
In the Congress, its screening committee has been meeting in Delhi to discuss the names of potential candidates for various seats. "The screening committee meeting was held in Delhi. We have finalised names for more than 50 seats but the final announcement will be made only in the second week of November," a Congress leader part of the deliberations said.
Senior Congress leader and in-charge of Gujarat Ashok Gehlot and other screening committee members, State party chief Bharatsinh Solanki were present in the meeting in New Delhi.
On Wednesday, the Election Commission of India announced the schedule for the Assembly polls to be held in two phases on December 9 and 14 while counting will be on December 18 along with Himachal Pradesh results.The Aam Aadmi Party has already announced candidates for 11 seats while remaining candidates will be announced in next few weeks. Former Congress leader Shankersinh Vaghela's Jan Vikalp Party will field candidates in all seats.
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Tasty Spinach Salad with Sweet Potatoes and Quinoa Leftovers!
Earlier this morning I was feeling frenzied and unhappy about all the clean-up and labor that comes with having small children. My wrists hurt and my back hurts.
It occurred to me that the only thing you ever really "have" is the moment you're in, so why not be happy about it? Why not make the most of it and fully own it?
Like everyone else, I'm chasing after that "final product", that "accomplishment" and because I'm not there, ever, I find myself unhappy. The cleaning is never finished, the laundry is never done, the kid's hair is always smeared with food, and all of my side projects are being ripped apart by my children.
I had to finally accept that "I'm never really there, because I'm always in the middle of some project or some cleaning rampage". And, I'm ALWAYS BEHIND!
What if there was a way to take this moment and turn it into something better? Pretend like it's glorious and surreal and have that eventually become my reality? Easier said than done.
Speaking of my accomplishments, I'd like to present you with a salad that I made. This salad is an inspiration (and variation) from a salad I saw on the Alaska Airlines menu (mine doesn't contain chicken, has cherry tomatoes, avocado, arugula and a different dressing). I really like the combination of flavors and it's great if you already have some of the ingredients on hand and want to use these leftovers in your salad.
So without further ado, may I share with you some pics of my healthy salad adventure?
Chop your sweet potatoes into cubes, put some tin foil on a cookie sheet, spray that foil with cooking spray and set your oven to 400 degrees. You can make an olive oil marinade and drizzle it over the potatoes before baking. You'll roast the sweet potatoes for 20-25 minutes (turn them over with a fork half way through).
I like to drizzle my pre-roasted sweet potatoes with a mix of: olive oil, chopped up garlic, garlic salt, garlic powder and dried parsley flakes.
Once your potatoes are done, cool them in the fridge!
Other ingredients you may want to include in your salad are as follows. Just use as much or as little arugula or baby spinach as you see fit (that will be your salad base).
Make sure to cut a piece of garlic in half and smear your entire salad bowl (especially the bottom) before inserting any salad ingredients. Like many other novice salad makers, I make salad dressing with these ingredients here. Don't forget a splash of sea salt!
And here it is! Just cut up the veggies however and how much you want. Mix up your entire salad with the homemade olive oil, lemon juice, garlic and sea salt dressing your made. You get the picture.
Voila! Very simple healthy salad using leftover ingredients.
I had acne scar subcision on my forehead and temples yesterday and I wanted to show you the video! I've been trying to upload these, but as always, my issue with making anything online is ALWAYS THE TECHNOLOGICAL PART, not the motivation to do so. I'm struggling to figure out how to get these here on my blog.
Acne scar subcision is an important, yet less known technique for significantly reducing the appearance of atrophic acne scars.
No portion of these videos may be copied or used without my consent. These videos are a bit graphic (at least by my taste).
If you have acne scars, forget microdermabrasion, forget LASERS, forget peels and most certainly forget any and every topical cream/gel/lotion/concoction on the market!
The BEST THING FOR deeper acne scars is ACNE SCAR SUBCISION. Hands down. I cannot emphasize this enough. Fraxel laser will certainly help smooth out your skin, but that comes with a cost: For me it was a "thinner, over-all look" to my face; a more "gaunt look", if you will. Many of us with numerous and deep acne scars had thicker skin with more volume—especially when we were teenagers! Once you have a few laser treatments (I had Fraxel) you'll see a slight change in the thickness of your skin—and you might not be happy with it!
The first time I learned about subcision for acne scars was in 2000. I read about the technique online. I was living in Seattle then and I remember calling every dermatology and medispa clinic I could find asking "Whether they performed subcision for acne scars" and "how much it cost".
The response, even in a thriving metro like Seattle was pretty much the same, "We suggest you try LASER treatment." Or, "Maybe if you have one or two scars the doc can subcise them, but she's not going to want to spend all day addressing acne scars all over your face in a piecemeal fashion." They must have not been performing very many subcisions in those days so the technique was not yet really developed or refined.
If you've endured the brutal agony (both physical and mental) of nodular-cystic acne and the subsequent scars, find someone competent in acne scar subcision. This could be a plastic surgeon, a general MD, a nurse, or, in my case, an Esthetician-turned medical assistant.
The medical assistant I had was AMAZING! I've looked everywhere for this kind of treatment but have had difficulty finding anyone who knows how to effectively wield a needle or blunt-tip cannula underneath the surface of the skin to break up the scar tissue HORIZONTALLY.
Remember, dermal rollers/needles and LASERS all work vertically. You need to address acne scars horizontally TOO because fibrous bands of scar tissue attach and pull from all directions which add to the distortion and disfigurement of the skin! This fact is often overlooked in the esthetics world.
Acne scars have thick bands of fibrous tissue that tether them to the deeper regions of the dermis. This, combined with tissue loss from inflammation creates the indentations, depressions, rolling, boxcar and ice pick scars on the surface of the skin.
Deep rolling and boxcar acne scars respond wonderfully to subcision because the underlying bands of scar tissue are being slashed apart, broken down and "subcised".
The body will initiate a healing response where the scar tissue has been subcised. The skin that was once pulled down by fibrous tissue can lift itself up, reducing the appearance of the depression. Clotting factors will arrive on the scene, a hematoma will form and then matrix remodeling can occur. Collagen and elastin tissue will form like scaffolding where the scar has been subcised. It will not be perfect—but the scar will not be quite as deep.
In this video I'm having my medical assistant perform acne scar subcision on my forehead and temples.
It was a very painful experience (at least for me) because I had really deep bands of scar tissue in my face that needed to be broken up. Thankfully, she did inject a lidocaine numbing agent in each area prior to subcision.
SIMPLE MINI CHOCOLATE GANACHE CAKE FOR VALENTINE'S DAY!!!
I've found myself so busy with everyday life that I decided to stop doing Facebook. What do I mean? I mean, I decided I needed a break. No. I wouldn't use it that much, just when breastfeeding. I would stop scrolling through all the posts and reading comments and getting agitated or curious.
BUT….this was taking WAY too much time and removing me from things that I wanted to accomplish, like blog, write, sew, bake, paint… work on my online course–anything more productive that Facebook.
The list of things I want to try grows by the day and I find myself overwhelmed with ideas and unable to tackle any of them. Having two children is great because it really gets you thinking of all the things you could be doing or learning–meanwhile, I've got a bucking bronco and I'm trying to change his diaper as he runs off screaming mid-diaper change EVERY SINGLE TIME.
On this blog I like to post what I'm doing; what I just whipped up–even if it's a bit boring or "imperfect". What else are you going to blog about if you can't fit it into your "everyday happenings", right?
With Valentine's Day coming up very soon, I thought I'd share a pic of a cake I recently made.
This is a simple little Valentine's Day Cake. I thought this one up but I'm sure there are a million similar versions out there.
Instead of using a big cake pan (like the big one pictured below) I used the two little ones.
Once the chocolate cake was baked and cooled in the fridge, I whipped up a chocolate ganache (there are a million recipes on the internet). I just used the ones with heavy whipping cream, chocolate chips and light corn syrup.
I made a raspberry filling. I cooked up red raspberries in a little pot with a squeeze of lemon juice and some sugar and corn starch.
Then I made a little raspberry heart shape on the top of the ganache (once the ganache had hardened).
Let your imagination take you away this Valentine's Day!


Effect of Different Salt Concentrations on Mineral Content of the Fish Hydrocynus spp.
Bakhiet. H.H.A. Khogali F.A.H and Ahmed F.A.M.
Tahmanesh, A. and Tahmanesh, R.
Azimpour A., Neasi A. Shehni-Yailagh M., Arshadi N. and Beshlide K.
Nursyam H. Widjanarko S.B. Sukoso And Yunianta.
Javanmard A., Hoshmandja M and Ahmadzade L.
Mirjalili B, Barzegar F, Bafrooei K and Khezri H.
Imani J. Mehtarpour M. Asadi Piran N.
Rahi S. and Bahrami H.
Soliemanifar O. and Shaabani F.
Raeisipoor Z. Fallahchai R. and Zarei E.
Mohammadi Farani S. and Bahrami H.
Negahi M. Ghashghaeizadeh N. and Hoshmandja M.
Ramzi Radchobeh Z. Biyabani S. and Nikoumaram H.


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Q: Antd design - Heap out of memory - webpacker I am using rails gem mina for deploying my RubyonRails & React application into  production
added antd npm  package and deployed. so far no issue
when I try to import something from antd  eg:
import { Icon, List } from 'antd'

Below issue is coming
FATAL ERROR: CALL_AND_RETRY_LAST Allocation failed - JavaScript heap out of memory
        1: node::Abort() [/usr/bin/node]
        2: 0x8cd14c [/usr/bin/node]
        3: v8::Utils::ReportOOMFailure(char const*, bool) [/usr/bin/node]

A: Which version of node, webpack-dev-server are you running? Some older versions of webpack-dev-server had a memory leak
You might want to specifically allow the V8 engine more RAM with something like this :
node --max-old-space-size=4096 yourFile.js

or in your package.json if you're using create-react-app :
"start": "react-scripts --max_old_space_size=4096 start"

(I put 4096 for 4GB of RAM but you can go higher if needed obviously).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


NJ Audubon: Wayrick Gallery Volunteer Art Show!
A variety of artworks showcasing the awesome talents of New Jersey Audubon volunteers, staff, and board members, will be on view in the Gallery from November 30, 2018 through February 25, 2019. Entrance is free.
Sorry, you missed NJ Audubon: Wayrick Gallery... at Scherman-Hoffman Wildlife Sanctuary.
Demand that Scherman-Hoffman Wildlife Sanctuary gets added to the next tour!
Demand that Bernardsville gets added to the next tour!
You missed NJ Audubon: Wayrick Gallery... at Scherman-Hoffman Wildlife Sanctuary.
We're generating custom event recommendations for you based on NJ Audubon: Wayrick Gallery... right now!


We continue to release incredibly popular game series Bedtime Stories! This time, free educational games are expanded with a new game Lullaby. Characters of our story will be funny characters from our favorite seaside Hippo town. And it will be not only all the members of Hippo family. Today we will visit a mysterious pirate ship "Red Snapper" and find out what bedtime stories its inhabitants know. Are you ready for new exciting stories and adventures? Then Lullaby game is waiting for you!
We continue to release incredibly popular game series Bedtime Stories! This time, free educational games are expanded with a new game Lullaby. Characters of our story will be funny characters from our favorite seaside Hippo town. And it will be not only all the members of Hippo family. Today we will visit a mysterious pirate ship "Red Snapper" and find out what bedtime stories its inhabitants know. Are you ready for new exciting stories and adventures? Then Lullaby game is waiting for you!
Lullaby game is a special type of games. Like any bedtime story, this game is designed to help the player to fall asleep. Simple gameplay makes it easy. A favorite cute Hippo town characters create wonderful mood before going to bed. You will see the most sweet and good dreams. Our free educational games can make that real.
In a series of Bedtime stories games player need to perform some simple actions to put into bed a game character. This time we do it with more than one character, but the whole Hippo family and mysterious inhabitants of the pirate ship "Red Snapper". Everyone does something special before going to bed. Some need to tidy up the room before going to bed, and someone has to finish work that was done during the day. Papa Leo, for example, likes to write exciting bedtime stories. And our grandfather Hippo is a famous developer! He looks through his telescope at the night sky and launches new unknown stars. You will need to help all our heroes. And, of course, our Lullaby game includes elements of development. After all, all our games are, first of all, educational games.
Try our new game from series of free educational games. Hippo and all the inhabitants of the seaside town are waiting for you. Get into the sea of positive emotions! Stay tuned and stay with us. Our free games will always make you happy!


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The First Amendment Encyclopedia
Presented by the John Seigenthaler Chair of Excellence in First Amendment Studies
Encyclopedia Table of Contents | Case Collections | Academic Freedom | Recent News
The Free Speech Center operates with your generosity! Please donate now!
Home >> Encyclopedia >> Articles
Coronavirus and the First Amendment
By John Vile
Other articles in Issues Related to Speech, Press, Assembly, or Petition, Issues Related to Religion
Church services have been the focal point of some religious liberty challenges to coronavirus-related restrictions on the size of gatherings. Here, an usher wipes down pews after a Sunday mass at a New Jersey Catholic church after the state eased its pandemic restrictions in June 2020. (AP Photo/Seth Wenig)
During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, local, state and federal governmental entities and officials have ordered restrictions on gatherings and, in some cases, have required vaccines to try to lessen the spread of the virus and protect public safety.
Some of these mandates have been criticized, defied and challenged by citizens who believe the government is interfering with their rights, including First Amendment rights to freely exercise their religion or peaceably assemble.
For example, at the beginning of the pandemic in March 2020, a Tampa evangelical pastor held church services in defiance of a local emergency order that largely banned groups of 10 or more from gathering. Sheriff deputies arrested the pastor, the Rev. Rodney Howard-Browne. He was charged with two misdemeanors, but charges were later dropped.
Around the same time, a Baton Rouge, La., pastor, Tony Speel, was charged with violating the governor's crowd-restriction order after he held Sunday morning services for well over a thousand people. He claimed that his church was helping to handle the pandemic by the laying on of hands of the sick. Speel filed a lawsuit against the state, saying the governor's order was unconstitutional. State and federal courts struck down the challenge, affirming the governor's right to issue such orders during a health emergency. The Supreme Court declined to hear the case on appeal.
More than a year and a half later, in September 2021, President Joe Biden created a vaccine requirement for employees of federal contractors and businesses with more than 100 employees, as well as for health care workers. The order allows exemptions for religious and medical reasons. Lawsuits have been filed challenging Biden's order, including one by a group of federal workers that claims it violates First Amendment religious rights.
Would restrictions during coronavirus violate First Amendment?
The First Amendment guarantees both the free exercise of religion and the right to peaceable assembly. The scholarly consensus appears to be that states and localities have the right to take actions consistent with their state police powers over matters of local health and welfare, which are recognized by the Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
For example, in 1905 in Jacobson v. Massachusetts, the U.S. Supreme Court recognized such state powers and upheld a state's mandatory compulsory smallpox vaccination law over the challenge of a pastor who alleged that it violated his religious liberty rights.
In terms of limiting the size of gatherings during a genuine public health crisis, churches, synagogues, and mosques would be no more exempt than any other institutions from neutral and generally applicable laws designed to protect health.
Russell Moore, the president of the Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention, which has long been committed to the separation of church and state, likened such limits on crowd size to occupancy limits in local fire codes that apply equally to theaters, diners and other buildings.
Restrictions that single out churches could violate First Amendment
However, any laws that single out churches or religious activities for special restrictions would likely violate not only the First Amendment but also the due process requirements in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments.
In reviewing state restrictions on gathering sizes during the pandemic in light of the First Amendment, the U.S. Supreme Court has granted injunctive relief in three cases.
On Nov. 25, 2020, the court prevented the application of New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo's executive order that limited the number of individuals who could gather in places of worship. In that case, Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo, the court ruled that COVID-19 regulations on houses of worship in New York were stricter than those for comparable businesses and thereby were not neutral but discriminatory.
On Feb. 5, 2021, the court granted a major portion of injunctive relief requested in the California case South Bay United Pentecostal Church v. Newsom. The court prohibited the state from enforcing its prohibition against indoor worship services in "Tier 1" communities — communities that the state determined were most at risk for disease spread. Justice Elena Kagan wrote that federal courts "owe significant deference" to officials with the expertise to assess public health but that California's "present determination — that the maximum number of adherents who can safely worship in the most cavernous cathedral is zero — appears to reflect not expertise or discretion, but instead insufficient appreciation or consideration of the interests at stake."
On April 9, 2021, the court again weighed in on California's gathering restrictions, granting an injunction in Tandon v. Newsom against a state pandemic-related regulation that had the effect of restricting at-home Bible studies and prayer meetings by limiting all gatherings in private homes to no more than three households at a time.
Vaccinations and the free exercise clause
As vaccines have been developed to provide immunity against COVID-19, questions have arisen about when the government can require them as a condition of employment, admission to certain large events or attendance at schools.
Although the national government monitors diseases through the Center for Disease Control (CDC), most regulations dealing with issues of health and safety have traditionally been the purview of the states under what are known as state police powers. The Supreme Court's decision in Jacobson dealt with Massachusetts' requirement for the smallpox vaccine, not a federal requirement.
President Biden's vaccination order is to be a regulation enforced by the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which is part of the U.S. Labor Department, and is limited to workplaces and only certain employers.
At the state level, government COVID-19 vaccination rules vary greatly, often depending on the political party of the governor.
At least 20 states as of September 2021 have banned or limited local or state government entities from requiring vaccination or proof of vaccination to access services. However, public colleges in other states do require COVID-19 vaccinations for eligible students, with some allowing unvaccinated students to be enrolled if they submit to regular COVID-19 testing.
Vaccine requirements are not new for public educational institutions, which have long required vaccinations as a condition to enrollment for a number of contagious diseases such as measles, mumps, whooping cough, and polio. Often the regulations permit exemptions for religious reasons. Even prior to COVID-19, some clusters of diseases like measles were attributed to those who had refused to have their children vaccinated for religious reasons.
While no major U.S. denomination (including adherents to Christian Science) prohibits its members from getting vaccinated, rights under the free exercise clause of the First Amendment do not depend upon such an affiliation. Moreover, the Constitution does not require that individuals show the validity of their beliefs and rarely requires more than a cursory examination of the sincerity of such beliefs, which can, in any event, be quite difficult to gauge.
Would COVID-19 vaccine requirements by the government be upheld by the Supreme Court if challenged on First Amendment grounds?
The Supreme Court has upheld laws in the face of a First Amendment challenge when the law was neutrally applied, served a compelling state interest, and was the least restrictive means of achieving the state interest.
In 1990 in Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith, the Supreme Court upheld a denial of unemployment benefits to drug rehabilitation counselors who had been fired for ingesting peyote. The employees had argued that since they ingested peyote as part of a religious rite of the Native American Church, it should be protected under the First Amendment. But the court noted that the state was pursuing a legitimate government interest through a neutrally applied criminal drug law.
Concern about the decision prompted Congress to adopt the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) of 1993 to boost citizen protection against laws that might infringe on their religious liberty.
However, in 1997, in City of Boerne v. Flores the Supreme Court struck down RFRA's provisions as they applied to state and local laws while permitting the provisions to continue in relation to federal laws. The court had said that RFRA violated the principle of separation of powers and upset an important federal-state balance of powers by interfering with states' traditional authority to regulate the health and safety of its citizens.
John R. Vile is a Professor of Political Science and Dean of the University Honors College at Middle Tennessee State University and the author of A Companion to the United States Constitution and Its Amendments, soon to be published in its 7th edition. Updated September 24, 2021.
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Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon v. Smith (1990)
Jacobson v. Massachusetts (1905)
Least Restrictive Means
Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993 (1993)
Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo (2020)
South Bay United Pentecostal Church v. Newsom (2020)
Tandon v. Newsom (2021)
Dallas, Kelsey. 2020. "Yes, the government can force churches to close. Here's why." May 21. Deseret News.
Mazzei, Patricia. "Florida Pastor Arrested After Defying Virus Orders." The New York Times. March 30, 2020.
Moore Russell. "Does it violate religious liberty to close churches over coronavirus?" ERLC. March 20, 2020.
Nextar Media Wire. "Louisiana church hosts more than 1,800 people amid COVID-19 outbreak." March 23, 2020.
Yu, Stella Yue. "Bill allowing religious exemptions from COVID-19 vaccines advances." USA TODAY NETWORK – TENNESSEE. April 2, 2021.
Cerullo, Megan. "What constitutes a 'sincerely held' religious exemption to a vaccine mandate?" CBS News. Sept. 10, 2021.
Graham, Ruth. "Vaccine Resisters Seek Religious Exemptions. But What Counts as Religious?" The New York Times. Sept. 11, 2021.
Kesslen, Ben, Megan Watkins and Kanwal Syed. "Confusing rules, loopholes and legal issues: College vaccination plans are a mess." NBC news. May 20, 2021 [Updated Aug. 25, 2021].
Kouba, Annie E. "Growing Use of Religious Exemptions for Mandatory Immunizations: Problems Created by their Use and Solutions for Greater Societal Protection." First Amendment Law Review 13: 471-497. 2015.
Kreidler, Mark. "No major religious denomination opposes vaccination, but religious exemptions may still complicate mandates." CNN. Sept. 9, 2021.
Martin, Doreen S., Allison Be. Gotfried and Taylor A. Bleistein. "Employers' Guide to the Religious Exemption for the COVID-19 Vaccine." Venable. June 24, 2021.
Interested in First Amendment current events?
John Vile. Coronavirus and the First Amendment [electronic resource]. The First Amendment Encyclopedia, Middle Tennessee State University (accessed Jan 29, 2023). http://w1.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/1777/coronavirus-and-the-first-amendment


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Banger Brewing to Close on Fremont Street
By Scott Roeben, on December 12 2022
2 min read 10 comments
Downtown Las Vegas Las Vegas Las Vegas Bars
A beloved downtown brewery, Banger Brewing, is closing.
The brewery, located in the Neonopolis complex, is expected to close by the first week of January, but could close as soon as the end of the year. (We trust they'll hold for New Year's Eve.)
We don't drink beer, but we might have to pour one out for Banger.
During a call to Banger Brewing, we were told employees have been informed of the closure by ownership, and no further details are available about the sad turn of events.
We've visited Banger Brewing often, despite never having had a beer, because our friends and co-workers (we used to work a few feet away at Fremont Street Experience) love it so much.
We stopped by more often when they upped their food game.
Banger Brewing was special because it was founded by five friends. Here's more about Banger Brewing.
Sadly, Banger's flights have been canceled.
"Banger" is actually a nickname of one of the company's partners, Michael "Banger" Beaman.
The closure of Banger Brewing has yet to be officially announced.
It appears Banger Brewing is up for sale. The asking price is $250,000. A listing gives some details about the business, with gross revenue at $536,743. The venue seats 95 and produces 1,000 barrels a year.
The listing also says, "Retail frontage space on The Strip," so take the listing with a grain of salt.
What's accurate in the listing is this part, "Millions of people per year that walk right in front of business, allows the business to do zero marketing." Facts.
Another fun fact: Banger Brewing's rent is $10,200 per month.
Banger Brewing opened in 2013.
Local breweries have taken some hits lately. The popular brewery at Ellis Island recently closed as well.
Businesses some and go, but the closure of Banger Brewing hits hard. It has always seemed like a business with a heart, and it's always been a go-to for beer lovers visiting Las Vegas.
We'll share more if additional details become available, and tanks for the memories, Banger.
Update (1/18/23): It appears the closure of Banger has been delayed until, potentially, April 2023. A deal was struck to sell the business, but it fell through. There are other interested parties circling, but no word of a deal yet.
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Leave your thoughts on "Banger Brewing to Close on Fremont Street"
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TS January 11, 2023
Loved their products.....hated that you couldn't get them to go.
Jimbo December 15, 2022
They have the capacity to brew 1000 barrels a year, that doesn't mean they did. When you consider that there is virtually zero transportation, packaging, advertising costs with brewing at this location and they are selling beer for around $7 a pint that traveled about 50 feet from where it was barreled, you wonder why it isn't more profitable.
mattbob77 December 13, 2022
The craft beer industry is shrinking nationwide. Alcoholic seltzers and canned cocktails are consuming pieces of the pie that used to be dominated by craft. In Indianapolis, for example, virtually all of the craft breweries are for sale except for the 3-4 largest.
Sacco and Vanzetti December 13, 2022
If you can't make money selling beer in Vegas to the massive daily crowds that Banger Brewing drew, you shouldn't be selling beer. Even purveyors of crappy food -- Heart Attack Grill -- are still in business long after their gimmick played out. Failing at selling craft beer in Vegas is like failing to sell a shiv to a convict in prison.
Rohit J. December 13, 2022
I find it ironic that Neonopolis is about as lively as it has been since it opened to great fanfare, only to quickly tank. There's more draws and more activity there than we've seen since the days of Poker Dome. Surprised there wasn't more fanfare for the 20th anniversary of Neonopolis earlier this year.
Gregm December 13, 2022
According to Wikipedia, Banger has a 3000 sq ft place. That comes out to be about $3.40 a sq ft, which is not out of line for Vegas. Cat's Meow is 10,000 sq ft. They are paying $34,000 a month? How is that possible?
Michael Garcia December 12, 2022
Not only will I miss the beer, ill miss the people. Till we meet again. Cheer. Mike Garcia.
Jp December 12, 2022
Banger, I didn't even know her!
Editor December 12, 2022
Businesses some and go, Or come and go
R E December 12, 2022
Loved the place. Always good beers and great bartenders. If ten grand a month is true that is a problem. Wish the best for owners. Find cheaper place and I will support you.
January 26 2023 — 2 min read — 20 comments
January 26 2023 — 2 min read — 3 comments
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Vital Vegas is your go-to source for news and opinions about all things Las Vegas, from award-winning blogger and Las Vegas insider Scott Roeben. Yes, he uses the first person plural, "we," but it's just one person and mostly for comic effect.
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