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The Chilobwe murders were a series of murders, numbering at least thirty killings, which took place over several months starting in November 1968 in the suburbs of Blantyre, Malawi, particularly in Chilobwe. A number of rumours grew up around these murders, and many blamed them on the South African Government which, according to various popular accounts, wanted repayment of loans it had given to the Malawi Government, either in human blood or by the enslavement of Malawians to work in South Africa. These rumours were politically damaging to the government of Hastings Banda, which cultivated friendly relations with South Africa's white minority government, and he treated the murders as a serious issue requiring urgent resolution. The murders were never fully solved. Several men were arrested in connection with the murders in 1969, but acquitted for lack of evidence. This caused popular outrage at the criminal justice system which, at that time, was still based on English law and practice. In 1970 another man, Walla Laini Kawisa, made several confessions admitting to some of the murders. He was condemned to death and probably executed in May 1972. It is unlikely that the murders were the work of a single individual, and various theories have been proposed, some linking them to opposition to Banda. Banda himself blamed the murders on ex-ministers involved in the Cabinet Crisis of 1964, and removed Gomile Kumtumanji, a Member of Parliament cabinet minister for the Southern Region from office and had him tried for treason, allegedly for complicity in them.

Murders
Between September 1968 and March 1970, a large number of brutal murders occurred at night and in the victims' own homes in the suburbs of Malawi's largest city, Blantyre. At least 31 murders were said to have been committed by the same person or group, and they are collectively known as the Chilobwe murders. The murders were often accompanied by mutilation of the victims' bodies, and these mutilations were said to be suggestive of a belief in witchcraft or magic by whoever carried out the killings. Although these murders were particularly identified with the suburb of Chilobwe, they also took place in other areas. Many of the victims were poor and lived in housing with badly fitting doors and windows or unreliable locks, which offered little resistance to forced entry. The Government's failure to make any arrests caused panic and led to criticism of the police and government. One persistent rumour was that the Government was itself responsible for the murders, and had drained the victims' blood to send to South Africa.

In 1969, five people were arrested and charged with one of the Chilobwe murders in the Nakulenga case (named after the lead defendant). The accused were said to have entered a house, killed a man and a woman and left another man seriously injured. At first, the injured man told the police that he could not identify the attackers, but eleven days later he claimed that he was now able to identify some of them. At the close of the prosecution in the High Court, the defence argued that there was no case to answer. Justice Bolt, the trial judge, observed that these inconsistent statements affected the main witness's credibility, and that other witnesses had also given inconsistent evidence. One of the charges against the defendants was dismissed because, although there was some evidence, it was clearly unreliable. The President made a statement saying that, if the judge had any conscience, he should resign. There were no further proceedings on the other charges, but the defendants remained in detention, because Banda said that lack of evidence was not proof of innocence.

Parliamentary reaction was hostile, and several speakers, including ministers, openly suggested that European judges and the European-style legal system had allowed clearly guilty defendants to escape the punishment they deserved. One speaker suggested that expatriate judges were particularly unfitted to deal with cases involving witchcraft, which this case involved. It was also suggested that African custom and tradition did not require such conclusive evidence of guilt as systems based on English law did, as they did not involve such English law principles as the Presumption of innocence, the establishment of guilt beyond reasonable doubt and sufficient corroborating evidence. This criticism and the consequent resignation of Justice Bolt, the formation of Traditional Courts, where lawyers were generally prevented from appearing and the abolition of the right of appeal to the High Court led to the resignation of the other four High Court judges, all English, on the basis that justice was not adequately safeguarded under the new arrangements.

Legal background
From 1902, English law had been established as the normally-recognised legal code in Nyasaland, and a High Court was established on the English model. Customary law was allowed (but not mandatory) in cases involving Africans, if "native" law or custom was not repugnant to English legal principles. A form of Indirect rule was instituted in 1933, with the chiefs and their councils who became Native Authorities, which operated Local Courts with limited criminal jurisdiction and subject both to control by European District Officers and the right of appeal to the High Court.

Malawi has adopted "an administrative view of law": its courts are regarded as instruments for achieving the goals set forth by officials, as a White Paper of 1965 states:
"The function of a judge is not to question or obstruct the policies of the
Executive Government, but to ascertain the purpose of these policies by
reference to the laws made by Parliament and fairly and impartially to give
effect to those purposes in the Courts when required to do so."
The verdict in the Nakulenga case did not achieve the government's objective of finding guilty parties so, in these terms, the European-style legal system had failed to deliver the correct result.

After the Nakulenga case, the Local Courts became Traditional Courts with extended criminal jurisdiction, including in cases of murder, using "customary" rules of evidence and procedure. The President of Malawi and the Chief Traditional Courts Commissioner gained extensive powers to supervise the Courts and review cases. The law itself remained unchanged, but it was to be administered in a different way. From 1970 the Traditional Courts were given jurisdiction to hear all homicide and treason cases involving Africans.  Each Court consisted of three traditional chiefs, a chairman who was also a chief and one lawyer.

Case against Kawisa
Walla Laini Kawisa was arrested on 7 March 1970 after his fingerprints were matched to those at an attempted break-in, unconnected with any murder. Following his arrest, he was implicated in three of the Chilobwe murders in which eight people were killed. The police produced some evidence, amounting to the finding of items said to have been stolen from some victims at Kawisa's house, and of thumb- or palm-prints "similar" to his at two murder locations. His fingerprints were not found on a murder weapon recovered from one murder scene. The Prosecutor at his trial accepted that, without his confessions, there was nothing to link him to any murders other than these three.

During 19 months in detention, Kawisa made three contradictory confessions, although in each of these he confessed to murder. In his first confession, he implicated Henry Chipembere, an ex-minister, and also a local Malawi Congress Party Chairman, and claimed to be part of a group of 13 killers. In the second confession, he said that he was one of four murderers, and in the last confession he claimed to have acted alone. In his last confession, he said that the police had forced him to give the names of associates, which he invented: he also retracted the names of the politicians he had mentioned.

The case against Kawisa was heard by the Southern Regional Traditional Court on 19 October 1971. Kawisa had no legal representation, and he pleaded guilty to the three counts against him, involving eight murders. The Prosecutor told the Court that Kawisa had agreed to have other charges taken into account, but no evidence was produced in these other cases. Kawisa pleaded guilty to all the details of the three charges specified. As Traditional Courts rely heavily on confession evidence, the Court had to choose from the three conflicting confessions. It accepted the last confession as being most consistent with the evidence, but it indicated that the murders may have been politically motivated. The court's decision that Kawisa had acted alone was greeted with outrage, and Banda expressed his disbelief that Kawisa could have acted alone. As one of the three counts against Kawisa involved the murder of three adults and two children without the neighbours being alerted, and as the murder weapon in this case bore fingerprints that could not be identified, this disbelief was reasonable.

However, even after the review by the National Traditional Court of Appeal and its assertion that Kawisa could not have acted alone, no further action was taken to find any of his possible associates. Kawisa was almost certainly mentally abnormal, however according to traditional beliefs, this could have been caused by the misuse of magical substances (which Kawisa had claimed in his confessions to have used to silence his victims) and was no defence. If he were legally insane, the Traditional Court should not have found him guilty, but it relied on a brief medical statement that he was sane. Malawian Traditional Courts have generally been unwilling to accept the defence of insanity.

On 30 October 1971, Kawisa was found to be solely responsible for thirty-one murders and fifteen attempted murders. He was sentenced to death by hanging and the court denied him the possibility of an appeal, as he had pleaded guilty. The case was, however, reviewed by the National Traditional Court of Appeal, which upheld both conviction and sentence although it also suggested that Kawisa could not have acted alone. In June, 1972, there were rumours that Kawisa had been hanged in Zomba prison, although no public announcement was made.

Aftermath
After the end of Kawisa's trial, no attempts were apparently made to track down any associates he might have had, and his execution (whenever it took place) prevented his being questioned further. Despite Banda's expressed disbelief in Kawisa acting alone, it was probably politically expedient, particularly from the point of view of relations with South Africa that further action was dropped. However, as the murders were probably not the work of a mentally unbalanced individual, there has been considerable speculation about any organization that may have arranged the murders, if Kawisa did not act alone, and whether there was any political motivation behind the killings.

It has been suggested that the downfall in 1976 of Albert Muwalo, a cabinet minister who was later executed, and of Focus Gwede, Head of the Police Special Branch, (who was sentenced to death, but reprieved), resulted from their being implicated in the Chilobwe murders. Informers accused both men of trying to discredit Banda by spreading the politically damaging rumours of Malawi Government involvement in the murders. It was also claimed that Gomile Kumtamanji, as Minister of Health, had access to chloroform, used to silence the victims. Since the overthrow of Banda in 1993, some Malawian writers have suggested that the Chilobwe murders represented opposition to the Banda regime among urban workers, and that the murders were random and intended to destabilise Banda's government. These also argue that Gomile Kumtamanji at least did lead opposition to Banda, so that his trial was not merely a dictator's paranoid fantasy.

See also
List of fugitives from justice who disappeared

References

Sources
P Brietzke, (1974). The Chilobwe Murders Trial, African Studies Review, Vol. 17, No. 2.
R Carver, (1990). Where Silence Rules: The Suppression of Dissent in Malawi, Human Rights Watch.
Y Juwayeyi, M Makhambera and D D Phiri, (1999). Democracy with a price: The history of Malaŵi since 1900, Heinemann Educational. .
Z Kadzimira (1971), Constitutional Changes in Malawi, 1891–1965, Zomba, University of Malawi History Conference 1967.
O J M Kalinga, (2012). Historical Dictionary of Malawi, Rowman and Littlefield. .
J Lwanda, (2009). Politics, Culture and Medicine in Malawi: Historical Continuities and Ruptures with Special Reference to HIV/AIDS, University of Malawi Press, .
J Power, (2010). Political Culture and Nationalism in Malawi: Building Kwacha, University of Rochester Press, .
L Rosen, (1978). Law and Social Change in the New Nations, Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 20, No. 1,
R I Rotberg, (1965). The Rise of Nationalism in Central Africa: The Making of Malawi and Zambia, 1873–1964, Cambridge (Mass), Harvard University Press.

Fugitives
History of Malawi
Law of Malawi
Murder in Malawi
Politics of Malawi
Unidentified serial killers


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US Refuse To Sign International Agreement To Stop Social Media Hate
The U.S. has said it stands with the goals of Christchurch Call, and the global effort to condemn the spread of extremist content online, but will not sign on it as it could affect people's right to speak freely.
On Wednesday, there was praise from the White House for Christchurch's call for action, led by Jacinda Ardern, Prime Minister New Zealand and Emmanuel Macron French President, but also word saying that it was currently unable to join on the endorsement.
The United States thus becomes an outlier. Allies like Japan, United Kingdom, Australia, India, Germany, Spain and Italy are all set to sign the call. Major tech giants like Amazon, Google, YouTube, Facebook and Twitter are also involved.
The White House said it will continue proactive efforts to restrict online extremist content while simultaneously respecting people and the press' right to express freely.
Ardern wrote, in an article for The NY Times op-ed last weekend, the Christchurch Call will be a voluntary structure wherein signatories will commit to counter terrorism drivers and implement certain specific measures for preventing the upload of violent content.
The mass shooting at Christchurch's mosque by an alleged white supremacist, saw the death of 51 people, on March 15. The shooter had live-streamed part of the shooting on Facebook.
Such digital footprints, along with his claims of how he gathered his views from the internet, has pushed for this call to various social media websites to take better action against hate speech.
Facebook announced on Wednesday, it will implement new rules for its livestreaming feature, in its effort to contain the spread of terrorist content.
In a typical joint statement, Amazon, Google, Facebook, Microsoft and Twitter have resolved to come together to address technology abuse and to improve their capabilities to detect terrorist content and promptly remove them.
Categorized as Top Stories Tagged US Refuse To Sign International Agreement To Stop Social Media Hate
Alphabet To Fund Development Of An Injectable Treatment For Heart Disease
Executive Order By President Trump To Safeguard US Computer Networks From Foreign Foes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Refined Study Design with Spirometry
Spirometry is a widely known clinical pulmonary test measuring volumes and flows expired by patients that is used to confirm a diagnostic of respiratory disease or follow treatment. SCIREQ's flexiVent's offers an analogous test for preclinical research with its Negative Pressure Forced Expiration (NPFE) extension. By exposing the subject's airway opening to a negative pressure to rapidly draw out air from the lungs, the system can generate flow-volume loops or volume-time plots, from which the flexiWare software can then extract clinically relevant volume and flow parameters (e.g. FEVx, FEFx, FVC, PEF).
A recent publication by Devos et al.1 characterized forced expiration measurements in some well-established mouse models of lung diseases, which specific phenotypes were confirmed by a concomitant respiratory mechanics assessment. The researchers observed that disease-induced changes in forced expiration-related charts and parameters were generally similar to what was observed in the clinic. For example, when compared to a control group of healthy mice.
Mice with fibrosis exhibited a typical restrictive profile, with a reduced PEF & FVC and a normal FEV0.1/FVC ratio.
Mice with emphysema displayed a decrease in PEF characteristic of an obstructive phenotype.
Mice presenting an acute lung injury had significantly reduced PEF.
Mice with features of asthma showed a decrease in FEV0.1 following methacholine challenges.
SCIREQ's flexiVent is the first platform that allows forced expiratory manoeuvres to be performed side-by-side with respiratory mechanics, pressure-volume loops, or lung volume measurements in mice and rats. This unique feature enables a refined study design with outcomes susceptible to translate between preclinical research and clinical settings.
1Devos, FC et al. 2017. Forced expiration measurements in mouse models of obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. Respiratory Research 18: 123.
http://blog.scireq.com/2017/11/comprehensive-lung-function-assessments_27.html
Leaving Nothing Out
The functional residual capacity (FRC) plays an important role in maintaining optimal ventilation. FRC is a subdivision of the total lung capacity (TLC) and represents the volume of air left in the lungs at the end of an expiration. It is involved in keeping the small airways open for an efficient gas transfer between the air and the blood. Variations in that volume can be seen under several physiological or pathophysiological conditions and can be associated with clinical symptoms like dyspnea.
FRC is a clinically important parameter which is determined, along with other lung volumes/capacities, when performing a full lung function assessment. It is inversely related to airway resistance, such that a reduction in FRC will increase the level of opposition to airflow. At the preclinical level, while measurements of airway resistance are routinely performed in many research laboratories, the determination of FRC is rarely reported as it can prove to be technically challenging, especially in subjects as small as mice.
It is possible to obtain FRC from a full-range pressure-volume (PV) curve. This was done until now in mice by determining the volume at a conventionally or arbitrarily defined equilibrium pressure (e.g. 0 cmH20), since FRC represents the volume at rest. In a recent report1, FRC was estimated by a novel approach in rodents, following the automation of the full-range PV curve technique with SCIREQ's flexiVent system. It was estimated by volume subtraction and took advantage of the access to varied, precisely controlled, automated maneuvers within a single device. In comparison to the previously established methodology, this novel approach demonstrated a more accurate estimation of FRC, particularly in diseased subjects.
The estimation of FRC by volume subtraction can be performed in rats and mice along with the determination of other lung volumes/capacities, measurements of respiratory mechanics, or partial PV curves. The authors showed that the FRC estimate more than tripled in a mouse model of emphysema, representing the most important change in a panel of lung volumes/capacities. Including measurements of FRC and other lung volumes/capacities in the characterization of respiratory models or novel therapeutic strategies can contribute to generate comprehensive and robust functional assessments.
No model fully recapitulates human respiratory diseases. Let's reconsider the endpoints typically reported so that nothing that matters gets ignored.
1Robichaud, A et al. 2017. Automated full-range pressure-volume curves in mice and rats. Journal of Applied Physiology 123: 746-756.
Empower yourself
Attending a training such as the Phenotyping Mice Models of Human Lung Disease organized by the Jackson Laboratory is a great way to advance skillsets or simply get started in the field of respiratory research. It represents a wonderful opportunity for researchers of all stages to learn and network in a structured yet informal environment. The uniqueness of the event lies in the roundness of the approach, which combines theoretical sessions and practical experience in all topics.
SCIREQ has been a partner in this event for years now and has contributed with providing hands-on experience to participants with lung function measurements using the flexiVent alongside authorities in the field. Practical exercises are designed to demonstrate a response to a particular intervention, highlight unique measurements (including partitioning the lungs between airway and tissue effects), and analyze outcomes with respect to their physiological implications.
JAX Experiments
As an example, participants were guided during the last workshop to utilize pressure-volume loops to confirm the effects of an intervention with implications on lung surfactant and atelectasis.
Figure 1: Pressure-volume loops from a subject before (left) and after (right) a lung lavage. The red line represents the Salazar-Knowles equation fit to the deflation limb of the pressure-volume curve.
They were also invited to examine the effect of increasing the positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) during ventilation and lung function measurements while exploring the impact on detailed respiratory mechanics parameters before and after the intervention.
Airway responsiveness to a specific bronchoconstrictor agent before and after a therapeutic treatment or an assessment of various lung volumes are also typically part of the repertoire of techniques taught.
Figure 2: Single (left) and broadband (right) forced oscillation outcomes prior to and following increasing doses of nebulised methacholine in presence or absence of a bronchodilator treatment.
The event runs every second year in Bar Harbor, Maine, and accepts a limited number of participants. Plan ahead to take part in the workshop, which we highly recommend to both senior researchers and students alike.


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Calum Hood Net Worth
How much is Calum Hood Worth?
in Richest Celebrities › Singers
Calum Hood Net Worth:
Calum Hood net worth: Calum Hood is an Australian musician and singer who has a net worth of $20 million. Calum Hood was born in January 1996. He is best known for being the bass guitarist and backing vocalist of the band 5 Seconds of Summer. 5 Seconds of Summer started out as YouTube celebrities covering songs from other artists and got their big break when One Direction invited them to go on their Take Me Home Tour. Their self-titled debut studio album was released in 2014. The album reached #1 in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, and the United States (and #2 in the UK). Their 2014 EP She Looks So Perfect reached #1 in the Canada and #2 in the US. The group's single "She Looks So Perfect" was certified 3x Platinum and reached #1 in the Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, and the UK. Their other popular singles include "Don't Stop", "Amnesia", "Good Girls", and "What I Like About You". 5 Seconds of Summer has also won many awards including from the iHeartRadio Music Awards, Kids' Choice Awards, People's Choice Awards, Teen Choice Awards, and MTV Video Music Awards. They released their second album, "Sounds Good Feels Good" in October 2015. That album went gold in England and sold over 1 million records combined worldwide. They released their third album "Youngblood" in June 2018. Their title track of the same name was #1 in several countries. It peaked at #7 in the US.
Michael Clifford Net Worth
Luke Hemmings Net Worth
Ashton Irwin Net Worth
Date of Birth: Jan 25, 1996 (24 years old)
Profession: Bassist, Singer, Songwriter
Nationality: Australia
George Ezra Net Worth
Neil Finn Net Worth
Tim Finn Net Worth
Mónica Naranjo Net Worth
Reece Mastin Net Worth
Marina and the Diamonds Net Worth


text:
Susan B. Glasser - Events
Covering politics in a "post-truth" America
What Americans (especially evangelicals) think about Israel and the Middle East
What Americans Think About the Fight Against ISIS
The Ukraine Crisis and Russia's Place in the International Order
Foreign Policy and the Presidential Election: A Post-Debate Analysis
The Challenges to the World Trade Organization: It's All About Legitimacy
Shifting Balance of Power: Has the U.S. Become the Largest Minority Shareholder in the Global Order?


Okay, so technically I haven't tried that many black bean burgers in my life, so to call these "the best" may be a minor exaggeration. Regardless, tonight – a mild Wednesday evening in January – they were all I wanted.
I've been wanting to make black bean burgers for awhile, and, as a result, have been trolling food blog after food blog, continuously bookmarking recipes that I'd like to try. The irony here is that I ended up not using any of these recipes. In fact, I used no recipe at all.
But okay, I'll admit that I cheated slightly in my creation, since reading so many other black bean burger recipes gave me a pretty good grasp of what had to go into my own. Still, I was pleased when the mixture I created actually managed to form a patty and actually managed to taste delicious. I am so proud.
Our Magic Bullet – bless its little mechanized heart – was an integral part of the burger making process, and was the perfect device the mash and blend the black beans, corn, cilantro and egg whites. Everything else just kind of worked out after that lucky streak, and the result was a filling, high-in-protein meal that even the most ardent of carnivores wouldn't turn down.
Add 1 cup of the black beans, 1/2 cup of the corn, cilantro and egg whites to the Magic Bullet cup or food processor. Blend until the mixture is smooth and well combined. If you don't have a Magic Bullet or a food processor, mash together the ingredients and stir well to create a smooth mash.
Add in the remain black beans, corn and red pepper. Mix in the cumin, oregano and chili powder. Finally, sprinkle in the bread crumbs and combine well to create a mixture which has a thick enough consistency that you can form a patty.
Using your hands, create two patties, pushing together the mixture with your fingers and flattening it out onto your palm.
Place on a large, non-stick pan that has been lightly greased with olive oil. Cook of medium heat for 10 minutes. Flip and cook on the other side for the same amount of time.
Serve on a lightly toasted kaiser bun with a spreading of Mayonnaise, salsa, avocado and whatever else your heart desires.
This looks awesome! I love my magic bullet, who knew it could make stuff like this?!
Get in my tummy! They look delicious (after the inital let down that they weren't, in fact, chocolate cookies with M&Ms in them – ha!).
This is uncanny! I bought some beautiful black beans in Hong Kong a few weeks ago and today I cooked them to make a soup. Then I saw your post. I think your burgers is a better idea. Off to the store for peppers and avocado! Thanks!


Vasant Vihar is one of the best colonies and nice places to stay in South Delhi. It is home to HNI's, Top Businessmen, Embassies and Diplomats. The place is very central and a mile away from Diplomatic Area Chanakayapuri. The Colony is mainly divided into 6 Blocks starting from A,B,C,D,E and F comprising plots of 250 Sq yds, 400 Sq yds, 600 Sq yds, 800 Sq Yds and 1200 Sq Yds. Corner plots are of bigger sizes and vary from location to location. The place is very famous among Expats as being calm, quite and well secured.
Vasant Kunj Farmhouse is one of the Best and Top luxury farmhouse developments in South Delhi. Vasant Kunj Farmhouses have a very prominent location being nicely placed between South Delhi and Gurgaon. The area is well connected via the Vasant Kunj Marg – Mahipalpur Airport Road next to Village Kishangarh. The Ambience Mall,DLF Promenade and DLF Emporio Malls are 10 Minutes Drive from the area.
The DLF Chhatarpur Farms community was developed by realty major DLF and are most sought after address among HNI's Expats Diplomats Embassies. The Farms range from 3 BHK, 4 BHK, 5 BHK and 6 BHK and are developed on sizes staring from 1 Acre to 2.5 acres each. Farmhouse are available for Buy/Sale/Purchase depending on size, construction and location in DLF Chhatarpur Farms, South Delhi, New Delhi.
The Westend Greens farms initially developed consisted of 190 farms measuring 2.5 Acres each. One has few options of 1 Acre and Mini Farms as well. The place is very quite and lush green and is home to top Industrialists, HNI's, Country Ambassadors & Embassies, Expats.
DLF THE ARALIAS – The Golf Drive in DLF5 along the DLF Golf Course in the backdrop of the Aravalli's leads you to The Aralias, a super luxury condominium which is the address of choice for top HNI's, Expats and Corporate honchos living in Gurgaon. Walk into any of the apartments here, located right next to The Magnolias and upcoming The Camellias, and you know exactly why. They are ultra Modern and have been done up according to the luxury specifications provided by the buyer.


Lying at the mouth of the Rive Ouse, Newhaven is an East Sussex port town renowned for its annual fish festival. The festival not only serves as a showcase for wonderful local fish and shellfish, but also offers cookery demonstrations, local art displays, music, sports and a children's parade.
Away from the fish festival, Newhaven's marina is a thriving hub of activity. There are many sailing, scuba diving, water skiing and surfboarding clubs. If activities on dry land are preferred, the town offers a wealth of maritime and local museums, including the Newhaven Fort.


Soft, strong leather upper with suede sole and composite heel. Cool cotton lining. Split sole design for flexibility.
Soft, strong leather upper with suede sole and composite heel.
Split sole design for flexibility.


In this lesson for the Books app on the iPhone, I look at how you can view your account information including where you can see your books that need updating, purchased books, and books that you've hidden from your library.
To view your account information, you need to be in the Reading Now tab at the bottom of the Books app. From there, you tap on your avatar in the upper right corner of the Books App. This will open your account where you can view various information including purchased and hidden books.
When viewing your account information, you can view your purchases. This includes any purchased book that has updates, your purchased books, and your purchased audiobooks. Tap on any one of these to view them.
This is where your books are that you've hidden from your library. When you tap on this, the Books app will ask for your password. Once you type it in, what you can do is unhide any books you've hidden. Once you unhide them, they will show back in your library.
If you have a gift card or code, tap on this to enter or scan that code in.
When you tap on this, you can view your account settings including the Apple ID associated with your Books account, family sharing options, payment options, ratings and reviews, if you want to receive personalized recommendations, subscriptions, and purchase history. You can also remove your device from your account.


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Cândido Mendes de Almeida (14 October 18181 March 1881) was a Brazilian lawyer, journalist and politician.

He was representative and senator of the Empire of Brazil (1871–1881). He was decorated with the Order of St. Gregory the Great and the Order of the Rose.

The Universidade Cândido Mendes was named in his honor.

Works
Mendes was author of several works in the fields of Law, History, and Politics:
 As Eleições da Província do Maranhão em 1842 sob a Presidência do Dr. Venâncio José Lisboa (1843);
 Os Serviços relevantes de Manoel Telles da Silva Lobo, na Província do Maranhão (1851);
 A Carolina, ou, a definitiva fixação de limites entre as provincias do Maranhão e de Goyaz (1852);
 Atlas do Império do Brasil (1860)
 Memórias para a história do extincto estado do Maranhão (1860-74), dois volumes;
 S. Luiz e o Pontificado: Estudo Histórico (1869);
 Código Filipino (1870-78) (edição anotada das Ordenações Filipinas com erudita introdução de sua autoria sobre a história do Direito)
 Direito Civil Eclesiástico Brasileiro (reunião de toda legislação canônica ao longo da história do Brasil com introdução de mais de quatrocentas páginas com a história das relações entre o Estado e a Igreja no Brasil)
 Legislação e Jurisprudência no Brasil;
 Direito Mercantil Brasileiro (edição anotada do livro do visconde de Cairu com erudita introdução de mais de oitocentas páginas com a história do comércio marítimo no Brasil).

Bibliography
  Antônio Carlos Villaça. O Senador Cândido Mendes'' (1981).

References

1818 births
1881 deaths
Brazilian politicians
19th-century Brazilian lawyers
Brazilian journalists
Knights of St. Gregory the Great
19th-century journalists
Male journalists

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Fall Season means different things to all of us. One thing is for sure- the Fall has always been a time celebrate the year's harvest. Cupa Cabana has chosen to honor the Harvest by creating a Hot Chocolate & Warm Cider bar that is the perfect accentuation for any Fall merriment! Allow us a chance to help put a bit of warmth into your guests to curve the chill in the air.
Gourmet chocolate with steamed milk and silky caramel. Topped with whipped cream and a chocolate and caramel drizzle and a pinch of sea salt.
Gourmet chocolate with raspberry syrup and steamed milk. Topped with whipped cream and a chocolate raspberry drizzle.


NEW ALBANY, Ohio--(BUSINESS WIRE)--McKesson Corporation announced the launch of Health Mart Atlas, the largest network of high-performing community pharmacies dedicated to delivering high quality care with a personal touch. The new joint venture, created with McKesson AccessHealth and American Pharmacy Cooperative, Inc.'s (APCI's) American Pharmacy Network Solutions (APNS), will manage core PSAO services, including third-party PBM and payor contracting, credentialing, central pay, and MAC pricing appeals for community pharmacy, including all current AccessHealth and APNS members.
With the new joint venture, more than 6,600 pharmacies will take advantage of being a member of the nation's largest PSAO.
Health Mart Atlas is focused on making managed-care easier for community pharmacies by helping to identify opportunities that are right for their needs, and giving pharmacies the time to focus on those opportunities. Health Mart Atlas also provides key partnerships with vendors such as EQuIPP, Mirixa, PrescribeWellness and RelayHealth Pharmacy to provide access to tools and solutions designed to help improve pharmacy performance.
Health Mart Atlas is the managed-care solution for more than 6,600 small and medium chain pharmacies, nationwide. Health Mart Atlas provides its pharmacies with access to narrow networks through strategic contracting, increases pharmacy efficiencies through its consolidated reimbursement processes, and delivers the tools needed to help its pharmacies remain top clinical performers in today's shifting industry. As a market leader in managed-care solutions and support for community pharmacies, Health Mart Atlas provides the expertise and tools needed to help its pharmacies have continued access to patients and the right networks to compete in the evolving market. Click here to learn more.


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Former Hailo CEO Jay Bregman was one of more than 50 speakers to appear at WIRED2014
James Day
This article was taken from the January 2015 issue of WIRED magazine. Be the first to read WIRED's articles in print before they're posted online, and get your hands on loads of additional content by subscribing online.
This month WIRED travels further than ever before -- to the outer limits of the Universe. Strap yourself in for an epic voyage of discovery into the innermost workings of Stephen Hawking's amazingly agile mind. Sit tight as we take you into a stellar fight among astronomers about who discovered what could be the first Earth-like planet in outer space. And marvel as we go inside Framestore, the amazing London special-effects house whose visuals recently won an Oscar for its work on the movie Gravity.
You can see Eddie Redmayne playing Stephen Hawking in cinemas this month -- but there's nothing like the thrill of meeting the man himself. Our science editor, João Medeiros, was excited when the call came to visit the professor in Tenerife in October. Hawking had to travel there by boat, as his health precludes flying, and as well as lecturing he gave WIRED time to explore his latest thinkign about the origins of the Universe -- and why he would like to play a James Bond baddie. As one of Britain's most celebrated living scientists, Hawking has a rare ability to transcend the complexity of physics to communicate big ideas in an accessible way. His answers to WIRED's questions will help you understand some of the biggest unresolved mysteries of space science. And as for the innovations that are allowing Hawking to communicate despite his physical constraints, we were fascinated to learn how far he and Intel had come in designing ways for him to speak and write.
If you missed WIRED2014, our flaship two-day event in October, and our Next Generation event to inspire teenagers, you can read about some of the key speakers in a special section in these pages.
Catch the videos of the talks too, at wired.co.uk/wired-2014.
This year, we brought together the inaugural WIRED Innovation Fellows, a dozen emerging stars in the fields from bio-science to motorcar manufacture, who we invited to London to share their storeis on our stage. We're just launching our search fro 2015's WIRED Innovation Fellows, so spread the word: we don't care how old the applicants are, where in the world they are based, whatever their background. All we're looking for are exceptional people who are changing the world in their own way, and who have already achieved a degree of success. This year, we're also partnering with The Space to award £100,000 to three digital artists who will create an artwork as part of their fellowship.
See wired.co.uk/fellows for more.


I started a new segment in my blog since a lot of my followers asked for a sample travel itinerary. I called it, the Globetrotter's Path. In this section, I'll be making blog entries on how I spent my travels in a very brief and detailed way which includes tour destinations and timetables. Here is my travel route when I was in HCMC or Saigon, VietNam.
0100H – Arrived at Tân Sơn Nhất International Airport and went directly to Passport Control.
0300H – Settled in the room and got some rest.
0700H – Call time! Took a bath, getting dressed, and ate breakfast.
0930H – Start of the free and easy day tour in Saigon. First on the itinerary was Saigon Opera House.
Seeing Saigon Opera House will only take minutes if you are not planning to get inside the opera house. It was never in my schedule to take a peek on the insides of the opera house. I only spent 10 minutes just taking photos of the Saigon Opera House.
1005H – Next was the famous Dong Khoi Street which is also known as the famous shopping street in Saigon. Since Saigon Opera House is already located in Dong Khoi street, I just followed the street to my next destination.
1010H – Following the Dong Khoi street, we got to see Ủy Ban Nhân Dân Thành Phố Building or also known as the People's Committee Hall but unfortunately, Ho Chi Minh Square was currently under renovation when we were there.
1030H – Got to Reunification Palace which was my next destination but I also didn't include it in my itinerary to see the inside of the museum and its gallery.
It has an entrance fee and opens from 0800H to 1200H with 1 hour lunch break and resumes from 1300H to 1600H daily. It is known also as the Independence Palace.
1100H – Few blocks from the Reunification Palace was the Saigon Notre-Dame Basilica. I spent 30 minutes in the basilica and took the time to pray and gave thanks for all the blessings I received. I also had time to snap some photos.
The basilica is in honor of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception. It is located in downtown city and is also inspired in a French architecture.
1130H – Across the Saigon Notre-Dame Basilica is the Central Post Office.
1200H – Left the Central Post Office and went out to grab lunch. Whenever I travel, I always make sure to have time to take a rest. I went back to the hotel and took a nap.
1600H – Went back to the road and that time, I went out to the market. The most famous market is the Ben Thanh Market. It took about almost an hour to get there by walking even though it was just 1.3km away from the hotel due to I got easily distracted by how the Vietnamese people spend their everyday life on the streets. The very reason why I like walking and wandering around downtown cities.
It is a large marketplace in central Ho Chi Minh and is popular with tourists seeking local handicrafts, textiles, souvenirs, as well as local food cuisine. I spent an hour in the market just to get souvenirs.
1800H – I passed by Mariamman Hindu Temple but the neighborhood where the temple was located was a little bit suspicious at that time so, I didn't bother checking out and went out to get dinner before heading back to the hotel and sleep.
0600H – the next day, I checked out from the hotel and went to the bus station in Pham Ngu Lao Street to head to my next destination.
A *traveler/backpacker who loves to see the beauty of what the world has to offer and believes that, '**Traveling is an opportunity to find one's self and enjoy the many things life can offer.' I'll be posting my adventures usually on a Friday due to conflict with my work schedule. NOTE: Articles/ blogpost being published are not all up-to-date, some are adventures a year back, others are a month late while few are up-to-date. Just a heads up, I go by a lot of names. I am used to making up aliases than telling my real name. Meanings Behind Words: **Traveling doesn't mean to go to other countries a lot. It also connotes how he journey his life. *A traveler/backpacker doesn't only mean wandering around with a backpack. It can also signify bringing with him the necessary things, knowledge, values, ideas, perspectives to his odyssey in life.
Love it! This is so timely. We have plans to go there. I have an aunt who lives in Hanoi. I hope we can squeeze in Ho Chi Minh in our itinerary. Or basin next time na kay layo pud xa from Hanoi. Haha! Anyway, according to my aunt, Vietnam traffic is the worst.


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Olympic Medals Revealed for Rio 2016
admin 12:00 am January 9th, 2017
Olympic Medals Revealed for Rio 2016 with Strength and Sustainability at their Heart.
We're on countdown for that moment when the best athletes from around the globe compete in the largest sporting event in the world, the Olympics Games. To mark the milestone the Rio 2016 organisers, along with the Brazilian Mint, have launched the Olympic medals the athletes will be battling for.
From 05 – 21 August Rio 2016 will see thousands of athletes and Paralympians compete against each other in the first ever Olympic Games to be staged in South America. The Olympic medals features laurel leaves, which traditionally symbolised victory in ancient Greece. The laurel leaves surround the Rio 2016 logo and also celebrates the relationship between the strength of the Olympic heroes and the forces of nature. The obverse side of the Olympic medal features an image of Nike, the Greek goddess of victory.
The medals have all been created with sustainability at their heart. Those topping the podiums will receive gold medals that have been extracted without the use of mercury. The silver and bronze medals have been produced using 30% recycled materials and half of the plastic in the ribbons will come from recycled materials. The beautifully crafted medal cases have been made from freijó wood certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC).
2,488 Olympic medals have been produced for the top world's athletes: 812 in gold and 812 in silver and 864 in bronze. (And if anyone can explain to us why more medals are produced in bronze that would answer a question that has been confusing us for days!…)
Olympic Medals revealed with strength & sustainability at their heart.
Rio 2016/Alex Ferro
Olympic Medals feature Greek goddess of victory, Nike.
Beautifully crafted medal cases in freijó wood.
2,642 Paralympic medals have been produced: 877 in gold, 876 in silver and 889 in bronze. All Paralympic medals have been produced with a device inside that uses steel balls to make a sound, allowing the visually impaired athletes to identify the colour by the sound, with the noise increasing in volume from bronze to gold. The bronze medals have 16 steel balls inside, with silver having 20 and gold containing 28. And all of the medals produced also have the words 'Rio 2016 Paralympic Games' featured on them in Braille.
And in line with the sustainability theme of the Games all of the of podiums produced on which the athletes will receive their Olympic medals are made from organic materials and have been designed to be reused in the future as furniture.
This has really whet our appetite for this year's Games where the pressure is really on for our British athletes to repeat the success of the 2012 home games and win more Olympic medals than the last event, four years ago, and ever. We're certainly behind them all rooting for their success, and we know you are too.
Paralympic Medals feature Braille and audio devise for visually impaired athletes.
Paralympic and Olympic Medals.
British History, Medals and Trophies, Sport, Uncategorized
Tags:Braille, Brazilian Mint, Bronze Medals, Forest Stewardship Council, Freijó Wood, FSC, Gold Medals, Greece, Greek Goddess, Laurel Leaves, London 2012, Medal Cases, Medal Ribbons, Nike, Olympic Games, Olympic Medals, Paralympians, Paralympic Games, Rio 2016, Rio 2016 Paralympic Games, Rio Olympic Games 2016, Silver Medals, South America, Sustainability
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Bruin Advertising and Marketing Team The Bruin Advertising and Marketing Team is an entirely student-run organization that works as a fully-integrated advertising agency. We bring the best copywriters, designers, thinkers, editors,...
Collaborative Game Development Our club's main focus is to develop games as a team. Club members will collaborate together to create a variety of games. Our club is open to anyone that has an interest in creating games. We want to...
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CreativeHub Mission: Foster driven independent creators as they attempt to accomplish their most outlandish ambitions. The CreativeHub at UCLA seeks to be a space where the most creatively frustrated Bruins can...
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Magic, The Gathering @ UCLA A club focused on the popular trading card game Magic: the Gathering. This club focuses on all aspects of the game such as deck-building, strategy, camaraderie, and fostering a healthy competitive...
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Tag: Claire McCaskill
U.S. Senate Democrats Unwisely Re-elect Harry Reid as Leader
Senator Harry Reid
Today, November 13th, the Senate Democrats re-elected Senator Harry Reid as their leader, now Minority Leader, for the next Session of Congress starting in January. [1]
Although the voting was by secret ballot, it was not unanimous. At least four of the Senators rejecting Reid have been identified: Claire McCaskill of Missouri, Heidi Heitkamp of North Dakota, Joe Manchin of West Virginia and Mary Landrieu of Louisiana. McCaskill said, "When you have an election like this, common sense says we need to change things. The voice was very loud and unmistakable. To me that means changing leadership, and it was just that simple." Heitkamp added, "This was a change election. I think that we needed to demonstrate that we heard the American public."
Over the last several months, these four were part of a group of about 10 more junior Democratic senators have begun more openly registering their dissatisfaction with Mr. Reid's approach. Others include Senator Angus King of Maine and Senator Jon Tester of Montana.
The leadership votes went ahead after several in the caucus asked for a delay to give them an opportunity to consider others for the leadership posts.
Senator Reid apparently responded to these negative views of his leadership by appointing Senator Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts as the Caucus' Strategic Policy Advisor, Senator Amy Klobuchar of Minnesota to chair a caucus committee that handles outreach to outside allies and activists and Senator Tester as Chair of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee.
As a Democrat, I think the re-election of Reid is a horribly unwise. I have cringed every time Reid appears on television as the voice of the Senate Democrats. He comes across as tired, old, cranky, dull, weak and unpersuasive. When he appears on television with the Republican leader, Senator Mitch McConnell, soon to be the Majority Leader, the personal animosity between the two often is apparent. The Democrats and the country do not want to see a continuation of this outworn drama.
Senator Amy Klobuchar
As a Minnesotan, I believe our Senator Amy Klobuchar would be an excellent new Minority Leader. She would be a fresh face, younger (age 54) and female in sharp contrast to McConnell. She also has a record of being able to get along with Republicans in the Chamber. In the final debate this year for Minnesota's other U.S. Senate seat, the unsuccessful Republican candidate, Mike McFadden, frequently praised Klobuchar and said "I'm here to say Amy Klobuchar sets the bar for work ethic and authenticity."
Scott Lehigh, a Boston Globe columnist, said the 74-year old Reid "should announce that when this session of Congress ends, [he] will relinquish [his] role as leader of [the] . . . Democratic [caucus]." Reid is a "tired face, stale voice, entrenched presence in Washington. . . . After a certain period, congressional leaders' caricatured images get so ingrained that they become electoral liabilities for their parties." (Lehigh makes the same argument about why Nancy Pelosi should not be the Democratic leader of the House in the new Congress, but that is an argument for another day.)
Another columnist in the Wall Street Journal, Gerald Seib, posed a similar question, "Where are the [Democrat] party's fresh young leaders?" But he assumed that Reid would be the new Minority Leader, and instead mentioned Senator Elizabeth Warren as a potential national leader of the party along with "highly capable younger Democrat [Senators]:" Mark Warner, . . . a 59-year-old moderate from a key swing state, as is Colorado's 49-year-old Michael Bennet. New York Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand, 47, is a rising star."
I have no quarrel with any of these prominent Democratic Senators, and any of them would change the public persona of the Senate Democrats, but I point out that they have less experience in the Senate than Senator Klobuchar's eight years: Warner (six years), Gillibrand (six years), Bennet (four years) and Warren (two years).
Here is a personal plea to Senator Reid. Wake up. Give someone else the opportunity to lead. Do not be a liability to your party. Stand down.
[1] This account of the re-election of Senator Reid is based upon articles in the New York Times, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal and Politico.
Posted on November 13, 2014 November 13, 2014 Categories PoliticsTags Amy Klobuchar, Angus King, Boston Globe, Claire McCaskill, Democrats, Elizabeth Warren, Gerald Seib, Harry Reid, Heidi Heitkamp, Joe Machin, Jon Tester, Kirsten Gillibrand, Mark Warner, Michael Bennet, Mike McFadden, Mitch McConnell, New York Times, Politico, Scott Lehigh, U.S. Senate, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post2 Comments on U.S. Senate Democrats Unwisely Re-elect Harry Reid as Leader
A Citizen's Response to Washington Skirmishing Over Changing the U.S. Senate's Filibuster Rule
The U.S. Senate, in my opinion, is dysfunctional. One of the major sources of this failing is its filibuster rule that at least since 2009 has made it necessary to have the votes of at least 60 of the 100 Senators in order to do almost anything. I have railed against this rule and the way it has been used in many prior posts.
In anticipation of the new Congress' convening in early January 2013, a group of Democratic Senators is developing support for modest changes to the filibuster rule. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid is supportive of this effort. The exact nature of the proposed changes apparently has not been set, but would at least include banning the filibuster on motions to take up proposed legislation for debate on the Senate floor and motions to take Senate-approved legislation to conference with the House of Representatives' negotiators plus requiring those invoking the filibuster rule in other instances to stand up and speak on the Senate floor.[1]
Under the standing Senate rules, any amendment to the rules requires a two-thirds (67) votes. In the next session of Congress in January this would mean that all 53 Democratic Senators plus the 2 Independent Senators plus 12 Republican Senators would have to vote in favor of any amendment. All Washington observers agree that such a vote could not be attained for the proposed change to the filibuster rule.
Therefore, the supporters of changing the filibuster rule argue that at the start of a new session of Congress the Senate may change or adopt new rules by a simple majority vote (51).
This possibility has caused some of the Republican Senators to go apoplectic. Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky said adopting this proposed rule change by a simple majority vote would be like throwing "a bomb into the Senate, have it blow up, and have everybody mad as heck." Senator John Cornyn of Texas, the incoming Republican whip, said, this would "shut down the Senate" and was an abuse of power. Senator Tom Coburn of Oklahoma added that it would "destroy" the Senate and cause a severe backlash. Similar comments have been made by Republican Senators John Barrasso of Wyoming, Lamar Alexander of Tennessee and Senator Mike Lee of Utah. Such remarks, in my opinion, are absurd.
There are even some Democratic Senators who have expressed opposition or skepticism about changing the rules by a simple majority vote. Senator Carl Levin of Michigan said he preferred "not to use a mechanism which I believe is dubious." Senator Bill Nelson of Florida said he did not like the simple majority-vote option. Newly re-elected Senator Claire McCaskill of Missouri stated that although she fully supported changing the rule, she was "not 100 percent in support" of the simple-majority-vote approach to doing do. Senator Daniel Inouye of Hawaii merely said he was studying the proposal. In addition, Democratic Senator-Elect Joe Donnelly of Indiana said he was concerned about not protecting the things that make the Senate unique.
Much of this Democratic opposition or skepticism is the concern that someday they will be in the minority and wanting to block Republican proposals. However, this concern implicitly endorses eternal stalemate and the current Republican agenda of opposing most federal government action.
What then can U.S. citizens do to support changing the filibuster rule? I propose the following:
Sign the electronic petition supporting the change.
Write an email or letter to the Senators and Senators-Elect who are the initiators of the petition thanking them for doing so: Jeff Merkley, Tom Udall, Kirsten Gillibrand, Tom Harkin, Amy Klobuchar, Jeanne Shaheen and Elizabeth Warren.
Write to other Senators and Senators-Elect (Angus King, Maria Cantwell, Tammy Baldwin, Martin Heinrich, Mazie Hirono, Tim Kaine and Chris Murphy) who have publicly stated the need for changing the rule and urge them to join the petition campaign.
Write to Majority Leader Harry Reid and urge him to press forward with changing the rule by a simple majority vote.
Write to Democratic Senators (Carl Levin, Bill Nelson, Claire McCaskill and Daniel Inouye) and Senator-Elect Joe Donnelly who have expressed opposition or skepticism about the simple-majority-vote approach and urge them to change their minds and support this approach for the filibuster rule.
Write to the Senators from your State and urge them to support changing the filibuster rule by a simple majority vote.
Write letters to the editors of newspapers and express your support for this effort.
Contact information, including email forms, for current Senators is available on the web. You will have to search for similar information for Senators-Elect.
[1] The recent developments discussed in this post are drawn from the following sources: Noah, Die, Filibuster, Die, New Republic (Nov. 16, 2012), http://www.tnr.com/article/politics/magazine/110215/die-filibuster-die;Weisman, The Senate's Long Slide to Gridlock, N.Y. Times (Nov. 24, 2012), http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/25/us/politics/new-senates-first-task-will-likely-be-trying-to-fix-itself.html?hp&_r=1&pagewanted=print&;Raju, GOP warns of shutdown over filibuster, Politico (Nov. 25, 2012), http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=ACE6831F-56E7-419A-8137-85D3D3E7BF5E; McAuliff, Mitch McConnell: Filibuster Fight Is An Unnecessary "Bomb" in the Senate, Huffington Post (Nov. 27, 2012), http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/27/mitch-mcconnell-filibuster_n_2200494.html?utm_hp_ref=politics; Bernstein, No, Republican obstruction isn't because Harry Reid is mean to them, Wash. Post (Nov. 27, 2012), http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-partisan/post/no-republican-obstruction-isnt-because-harry-reid-is-mean-to-them/2012/11/27/232d2276-38dc-11e2-9258-ac7c78d5c680_blog.html; Collins, Happy Talking, N.Y. Times (Nov. 28, 2012), http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/29/opinion/collins-Happy-Talking.html?pagewanted=print; Steinhauer, Resistance on Method for Curbing Filibuster, N.Y. Times (Nov. 28, 2012), http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/29/us/politics/method-for-curbing-filibuster-faces-resistance.html?pagewanted=print.
Posted on November 30, 2012 December 4, 2012 Categories History, Law, Personal, PoliticsTags Amy Klobuchar, Angus, Bill Nelson, Carl Levin, Chris Murphy, Claire McCaskill, Daniel Inouye, Elizabeth Warren, filibuster, Harry Reid, Jeanne Shaheen, Jeff Merkley, Joe Donnelly, John Barrasso, John Cornyn, Kirsten Gillibrand, Lamar Alexander, Maria Cantwell, Martin Heinrich, Mazie Hirono, Mike Lee, Mitch McConnell, Tammy Baldwin, Tim Kaine, Tom Coburn, Tom Harkin, Tom Udall, U.S. Senate2 Comments on A Citizen's Response to Washington Skirmishing Over Changing the U.S. Senate's Filibuster Rule


Many airlines let very young children fly free in the lap of mom or dad, but for reasons of safety and comfort, purchasing a seat for your little one is a wise move. Also, most airlines allow only one free child per adult, so if you're flying solo with multiple kids under the age limit, all but the first will require a ticket.
Many airlines allow children 2 years old and younger to fly free on domestic flights, sitting on their parent's lap, though some carriers might let you put your child in a seat if a spare one is available. Other carriers require tickets for children of any age though, so call ahead and check on your airline's policy. Also, know that many carriers no longer allow families with young kids to board early.
While some airlines don't allow any children to fly free, they might offer discounted tickets for infants and toddlers. Other airlines charge a flat free for a baby sitting in your lap, usually in the neighborhood of 10 percent of the standard adult ticket price, though it does not necessarily entitle her to a seat of her own. On international flights, you might have to reserve a seat no matter your baby's age, but special rates might be available.
Even if your child is young enough to fly for free on your lap, buying him a seat is safer. Children have been injured and even killed when their parents were unable to hold onto them during incidents like severe turbulence. A car seat approved by the Federal Aviation Administration for use on planes will keep him securely in place. Flying is also likely to be more comfortable for parents if they don't need to hold their child the entire time.
If you book a seat for your child, bringing a car seat onto the plane for her should not be a problem. If you don't get her a ticket, though, you still can try bringing one, though it might be checked if there is not enough room. Babies weighing less than 20 pounds will be safest in a rear-facing car seat, according to BabyCenter, while those weighing more should be placed a forward-facing model.
BabyCenter: Should I Book an Airplane Seat for My Child?


text:
2 min readScientists Make Important Step in Understanding the Architecture of Our 'Second Brain'
Written by Mindzilla on May 22, 2017 . Posted in Uncategorised.
London, UK — Scientists have made an important step in understanding the organization of nerve cells embedded within the gut that control its function — a discovery that could give insight into the origin of common gastrointestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome and chronic constipation.
The findings, published in Science, reveal how the enteric nervous system — a chaotic network of half a billion nerve cells and many more supporting cells inside the gut wall — is formed during mouse development. The research was led by the Francis Crick Institute, in collaboration with the University of Leuven, Stanford University, the Hubrecht Institute and the Quadram Institute Bioscience. The work was funded by the Francis Crick Institute, the Medical Research Council and the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council.
Often known as the 'second brain' for its vast number of neurons and complex connectivity, the enteric nervous system has a crucial role in maintaining a healthy gut. Therefore, understanding how this neural mosaic is organized could help scientists find treatments for common gastrointestinal disorders.
"The gut wall is home to many types of nerve cells which appear to be distributed randomly," says Vassilis Pachnis, Group Leader at the Francis Crick Institute. "But despite this chaos, the neural networks of the gut are responsible for well organized and stereotypic functions such as production of stomach acid, movement of food along the gut, communication with immune cells and bacteria, and relay of information to the brain. We wanted to find out how organized activity emerges from such a chaotic system."
During development, a unique and dynamic population of cells known as progenitor cells divide to produce copies of themselves, which can then generate many other types of cells. Using genetic tools, the team labelled individual progenitor cells of the enteric nervous system with unique colours and followed their descendants — also marked with the same colour — through development and into the adult animal. By examining the type of cells produced by single progenitors, they could understand their properties.
They found that some progenitors only produced nerve cells, others only produced nerve-supporting cells called glia, and some produced both. Neurons and glia originating from the same parent stayed close to each other, forming relatively tight groups of cells. Cell groups that descended from different but neighbouring parent cells overlapped like a Venn diagram that could be viewed on the gut surface. Interestingly, this close relationship was maintained by the descendants of single progenitors down through all layers of the gut wall thereby forming overlapping columns of cells.
"We uncovered a set of rules that control the organization of the 'second brain' not just along a single gut layer but across the 3D space of the gut wall," says Reena Lasrado, first author of the paper and researcher in Vassilis's lab at the Crick.
The team explored whether this intricate structure of the enteric nervous system also contributes to nerve cell activity in the gut.
"A subtle electrical stimulation to the enteric nervous system showed that nerve cells generated by the same parent cell responded in synchrony," says Vassilis. "This suggests that developmental relationships between cells of the enteric nervous system of mammals are fundamental for the neural regulation of gut function."
"Now that we have a better understanding of how the enteric nervous system is built and works, we can start to look at what happens when things go wrong particularly during the critical stages of embryo development or early life. Perhaps mistakes in the blueprint used to build the neural networks of the gut are the basis of common gastrointestinal problems."
Article adapted from a The Francis Crick Institute news release.
Publication: Lineage-dependent spatial and functional organization of the mammalian enteric nervous system. Reena Lasrado et al. Science (May 2017): Click here to view.
Support & share this article:
Cellular Processes


text:
Q: Как замедлить скроллинг? Данный код имеет якорь. Как замедлить скроллинг?

$(document).ready(function() {
  var tpls = ['1.php', '2.php', '3.php', '4.php', ];

  $('.loadBtn').click(function() {
    loadContent($(this).index());
  });
  loadContent(0);

  function loadContent(index) {
    if (!tpls[index]) return;
    $.ajax({
      url: tpls[index],
      cache: false,
      success: function(html) {
        $("#content").html(html);
      }
    });
  }
});

1

2

3

4

A: Раз используете jquery у него есть метод animate - и свойство scrollTop, через click обработать a и берем аттрибут href, где #якорь - это ид нужного нам блока, берем у него $('#якорь').offset().top и через animate скроллим.
$('.loadBtn a').click(function() {
    event.preventDefault();
    var id  = $(this).attr('href'),
        top = $(id).offset().top;
    $('body,html').animate({scrollTop: top}, 1000);
});

А также есть плагин .scrollTo который переходит к нужному элементу.
Плагин нужно скачать и подключить.
$('.loadBtn a').click(function() {
    event.preventDefault();
    $.scrollTo($($(this).attr('href')), 1000);
});

Если требуется выставлять якоря в адресную строку, воспользоваться window.location.hash

A: В моём примере два кода jquery
1) делает плавную прокрутку до якоря
2) фиксирует меню при скролле до якоря
Описание работы первого скрипта jquery дал пользователь And

$(document).ready(function() {
  $("#menu").on("click", "a", function(event) {
    //отменяем стандартную обработку нажатия по ссылке
    event.preventDefault();

    //забираем идентификатор бока с атрибута href
    var id = $(this).attr('href'),

      //узнаем высоту от начала страницы до блока на который ссылается якорь
      top = $(id).offset().top;

    //анимируем переход на расстояние - top за 1500 мс
    $('body,html').animate({
      scrollTop: top
    }, 1500);
  });
});

$(window).scroll(function() {
  body = $(window).scrollTop();
  if (body > 200) {
    $("#menu").addClass('back');
  } else {
    $("#menu").removeClass('back');
  }
});
* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

a {
  text-decoration: none;
}

li {
  list-style: none;
}

.link {
  float: left;
  margin: 4px 10px;
  background-image: linear-gradient(#eee, #ddd);
  padding: 4px 8px;
}

.menu {
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
}

.menu:after {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  clear: both;
}

.a,
.b,
.c {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100vh;
}

.a {
  background: red;
}

.b {
  background: blue;
}

.c {
  background: green;
}

.back {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  margin-top: 0!important;
  background: rgba(200, 200, 200, .5);
  width: 100%;
}

Блок А

Блок Б

Блок С

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
> Literary studies: general
> Literary studies: classical, early & medieval
The Histories PDF
by Polybius
Part of the Oxford World's Classics series
'no one else in our times has attempted to write a universal history'Polybius' ambitious goal was to describe how Rome conquered the Mediterranean world in less than fifty-three years.
This great study of imperialism takes the reader back to Rome's first encounter with Carthage in 264 and forward to her destruction of that renowned city in 146.
Polybius, himself a leading Greek politician of the time, emphasizes the importance of practical experience for the writing of political history as well as the critical assessment of all the evidence.
He attributesRome's success to the greatness of its constitution and the character of its people, but also allows Fortune a role in designing the shape of world events. This new translation by Robin Waterfield, the first for over thirty years, includes the first five books in their entirety, and all of the fragmentary Books 6 and 12, containing Polybius' account of the Roman constitution and his outspoken views on how (and how not) to write history.
Brian McGing's accompanying introduction and notes illuminate this remarkable political history. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe.
Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Category: Literary studies: classical, early & medieval
Paperback / softback from £11.99
Paperback / softback | Published 11/11/2010 | £11.99 | View now
EPUB | Published 23/12/2019 | £11.99 | View now
Hardback from £19.95
Hardback | Published 23/10/2012 | £19.95 | View now
PDF from £11.82
PDF | Published 27/11/2019 | £11.82 | View now
Also by Polybius | View all
The Rise of the Roman Empire
The Histories
The Histories, Volume I
The Histories, Volume II
Also in the Oxford World's Classics series | View all


Chiltern Mills - Chiltern Mills is a family run business whose Head Office is based in Leeds, West Yorkshire and has been running since 1992. We are a well-established discount retailer with 14 Retail Stores throughout Yorkshire and the North East. Chiltern Mills is a specialist in household linens and other homewares, including Duvets, Pillows, Bedlinen, Curtains, Blinds and Nets/Voiles.


Update: The day I posted this blog was the last day of the year of the snake in the Chinese tradition. I found out the next day. So when I arrived the farm not only was it the cycle of the serpent, it was also the rounding up of all the remaining snake energy.
When I arrived at the Mystical Yoga Farm on January 5th, it was the day of the serpent. The farm follows the Peruvian Inca Medicine Wheel where an animal represents each cardinal point. The direction of the wind and the animal that compliments that direction guide the cycle of life at the farm. The serpent is the wind of the south who teaches us the way to walk on the earth with gentleness, beauty and care, who teaches us to shed our past and egos, who is the primary life force, who drives deep into the darkest places, and who is healer and helps us return to innocence. Instantly, this serpent energy spoke to me.
I came to the Mystical Yoga Farm to deepen my journey inward, to strengthen my physical body, to live in harmony with everything around me, to break down walls within me and to stare truth in the eyes. I came to make important changes within myself so that I can be the best version of myself possible and shine my fullest light. I came to grow into the best anchor for others and to life a live where I bring positivity to all.
Many things lead me here. Life lead me here. Sometimes it feels like everything lead me here.
For years I've known that I want to dedicate a huge portion of my time studying at an Ashram and living at a spiritual community. This past year at Burning Man, I had a huge wake-up call as to how I was living my life. Saturday morning at Burning Man I rode my bike to the Temple, tears streaming down my face as soon as it was in view. Everything that made me feel happy and complete flooded my mind: health and wellness, eating wholesome food, being outside, practicing yoga, traveling, writing, reading, helping others, fulfilling relationships and connections with people and on and on. After crying and meditating at the Temple, I realized that I was ready to devote myself to practicing yoga and reaching a higher spiritual state. I was ready to connect with my true self and live life through her.
I knew I was ready I just didn't know where to go. I want to go to India at some point, but at the time I didn't feel ready to take that step. After traveling in Costa Rica and falling in love with Latin America a few months prior, I wanted to continue learning Spanish. So I knew in my heart I wanted to go back to Latin America.
A couple weeks after Burning Man I volunteered at Symbiosis, a conscious-awareness music, yoga, art, and dance festival in California. The first day of the festival I talked to some volunteers about studying yoga.
"Then you should definitely check out the Mystical Yoga Farm in Guatemala," one girl said. Those combination of words: Mystical. Yoga. Farm. Guatemala. were enough to pull me in. Shortly after that I met another girl who recommended the same place. Then I ran into some traveling friends who I hadn't seen since Costa Rica. They couldn't stop raving about Guatemala. I've always felt called to Guatemala, and then everything was aligned.
The Mystical Yoga Farm is an intentional spiritual community that focuses on self-sustainability, growing fresh organic food and growing healthy yogi's, teachers and practitioners. Off the grid in a roadless forest along Lago de Atitlán, the only way to access the Mystical Yoga Farm is by boat. The farm blends into the beauty around it. When approaching by boat, you'd miss the farm if you didn't know it was there. The beauty surrounding the farm is endless.
believe that shamans' souls come here when they die. Lush jungle plants and coffee trees grow around us. They call this part of Guatemala the land of eternal spring. Mornings and nights are chilly, but days are sunny and warm.
We use solar panels for electricity and composting toilets for the bathroom. At night we barely use electricity and instead stick with candles. The internet is spotty and slow, and we don't use it often.
The Farm holds yoga teacher trainings through SchoolYoga Institute, hosts retreats, welcomes guests for the day, night or multiple nights, and has an active community of volunteers (karma yogi's) who contribute through various projects. I'm staying on the farm as a Karma Yogi with the Ayani Harmony Tribe. As a member of the Ayani Harmony Tribe I'm a hostess for the farm. I greet guests when they arrive, show them around, and set up their rooms. I help with house-keeping duties, cooking, and gardening. I help with whatever projects are needed. Other than house-keeping duties, I've created space for a bench, painted the bench, painted trash bins, learned how to saw steel, and stained bamboo since I've been here. Soon I'll be helping out with editing and social media.
As a Karma Yogi I also get to participate in the daily life of the farm. We meditate and practice yoga in the morning, have a lecture or workshop in the late afternoon and gather for satsang (community reflection usually involving singing) at night. It's been an incredible experience so far, and I fall more in love with my surroundings each moment.
Want some Mystical Yoga Farm in your life? Hop on a boat!
From Santiago a private boat should cost no more than Q40 cuarenta quetzals.
The closest village is Chacaya, a ten-to-fifteen minute walk along the lake. The closest boat ride is from Santiago. Check out the farm's website for the getting to the farm guide.
The farm's website also has tons of information about retreats, visits and volunteering. The volunteer commitment is for one month. If I wasn't at the farm volunteering, I'd definitely visit as a guest. It's the perfect place to relax, reflect and go deep within yourself.
My view at the farm as I was writing this blog post.
The view from Restaurante Bambú.
On the fourth day of 2014 I left the United States to begin a life in Guatemala. A year prior I left the US around the same time to live in Costa Rica. The past two years for me have begun by migrating south for exploration, for warmth, for discovery and for freedom. After falling in love with Latin America, I couldn't wait to return and fall deeper.
My United Airlines flight was oversold and filled with primarily Guatemalan families. I was among the very few native English-speaking passengers. I sat next to a nine-year-old Guatemalan girl and her mother who was in her twenties. Between hearing Spanish all around me, sharing my snacks with the girl sitting next to me and helping her pick televisions shows to watch, my immersion began before I arrived in Guatemala. After months of not speaking Spanish, I was so thankful for this ease into the language.
When I arrived at the airport in Guatemala City I was surprised to see multiple signs first written in English and then Spanish written underneath in a smaller type. After exiting the plane, there weren't separate lines for Guatemalan citizens and foreigners. Everyone went to the same line to meet the same Immigration officers. As a US citizen without a visa you're only allowed to remain in Guatemala for 90 days. I fly back to the US after 90 days. As I walked toward the officer I felt my heart race, and nervousness set in. I memorized Spanish phrases, "Cuantos dias en Guatemala? Cuando es su vuelo de vuelta?"and repeated the responses in my head. "Relax. Remain confident," I told myself. When I slid my passport through the officer's window I said, "Hola, buenos noches." He didn't say one word. He just stamped my passport, and I was on my way.
A crowd of Guatemalans stood outside the airport doors. People of all ages circled the gate. My host told me later that going to the airport in Guatemala is like going to the market. "When someone flies back to Guatemala, their whole family comes to the airport to pick them up: their grandparents, aunts, cousins," he said.
I spent my first night in Guatemala City at G-22, an environmental non-profit that educates people about sustainability and hosts guests. The director, Alfredo Maul, picked me up from the airport and explained some of G-22's projects as we drove through the city. Before he even told me that some parts of Guatemala City were Americanized, I sensed it from seeing establishments like Dominos Pizza and a Shell Gas Station almost immediately after leaving the airport.
We talked about his degree in Architecture and how he wants to spread sustainability to urban life and show people how to live simpler lives. I felt really connected to G-22 and their goals. I have strong interests in sustainability, especially when it comes to urban life. In a similar regard, I'm passionate about living a simpler life by being conscious of my purchases, reusing as much as I can, and giving new life to things I already have.
The next morning I left Guatemala City to begin my story at the Mystical Yoga Farm.


PMA Technologies' Chief Technology Officer, Tim Mather, will present at the upcoming 2019 Construction CPM Conference in San Diego, CA.
Tim is a collaborative, innovative, business-minded executive with a talent for aligning information technology with the goals and objectives of a business. He orchestrated the launch of PMA Technologies LLC and its flagship product, NetPoint®. Tim has extensive experience in program and project management, change management, P&L, executive leadership, analysis, business processes, business development, software development, and implementation.
Get an excellent overview of NetPoint focusing on the basics of building a NetPoint plan efficiently as well as tips and tricks gleaned from thousands of hours of use in the field. You will have the chance to explore new features and more advanced functions including NetRisk™. Presented by Tim Mather of PMA NetPoint.


text:
Mount Morgan water solution business case awarded
Annabelle Powell November 29, 2021 November 29, 2021 News, Projects, Water 0
The business case to develop a long-term water solution for Mount Morgan has been awarded to global infrastructure firm AECOM, in a milestone step for the Rockhampton region.
Rockhampton Mayor, Tony Williams, said AECOM and Rockhampton Regional Council had wasted no time in getting down to work.
"Council officers and AECOM have already gotten stuck into this body of work and I'm pleased to say Councillors could be looking at the preliminary evaluation of the options before Christmas," Mayor Williams said.
"What this process does is allow us to look at all the possible options so that we can select one to two options to take through to the business case stage and then, hopefully with funding support from other levels of government, through to detailed design.
"This body of work needs to be done now, so that when we come to other levels of government seeking funding support, they are satisfied that what we are advocating for is the best option for a range of reasons.
"The reality is that any long-term solution will require external funding and we're hopeful we can see partnerships just like the Queensland Government has done at Stanthorpe with Southern Downs Regional Council.
"We're hopeful to have the business case completed by April next year but it is something we are absolutely talking to both levels of government about now."
Water and Environmental Sustainability Councillor, Donna Kirkland, said this is an important milestone and a step closer to a solution.
"Our Mount Morgan community has shown great strength and resilience especially this past year and they have been doing their very best under tough level six restrictions," Cr Kirkland said.
"We understand that it is frustrating not to have answers straight away – but we are making progress.
"Long-term water security for the community is not possible without first delivering this business case – so we are asking the community to continue to be patient and trust in this process."
Divisional Councillor, Cherie Rutherford, said awarding a contractor to work on the business case is the first in a series of milestones that will pave the way toward a solution.
"We are in this together with the Mount Morgan community and we will continue to keep the lines of communication open and provide updates as soon as they come to hand," Cr Rutherford said.
"In the meantime, we need the community to keep water conservation in the front of mind, which I know is a challenge in the warmer months, but we really need to do our best to conserve that carted water supply."
Annabelle Powell
Goulburn Valley Water appoints three new board members
Imogen Hartmann May 13, 2020 May 13, 2020 Company news, News, People and appointments, Water 0
Goulburn Valley Water (GVW) has appointed three new members to its Board of Directors, including a new Chair. Mark...
Northern Territory and Tasmania complete first transition to the NBN
Utility Journalist March 2, 2015 April 26, 2021 News, Telecommunications 0
Homes and businesses in the Northern territory and Tasmania are set to complete the transition to the National Broadband...
New Electricity market laws for South Australia
Lauren Cella April 28, 2017 July 10, 2019 Electricity, Gas, Instrumentation, Control & Monitoring, News, Policy 0
New State Government powers over the electricity market are now in place, putting effective control back in the hands...
Old STP out, pipeline in
Utility Journalist August 28, 2014 April 26, 2021 Civil Construction, Maintenance, News, Pipelines, Projects, Water and Wastewater Treatment 0
Unitywater (QLD) has closed its Suncoast Sewage Treatment Plant at Finland Road, Bli Bli. The closure completes Unitywater's major...
Water Quality Mentoring Program for ACT
Utility Journalist June 18, 2015 July 10, 2019 Maintenance, News, Water 0
Icon Water is asking Canberra homeowners to participate in their Water Quality Monitoring Program, to assist them in keeping...
Solar resources available online for off-grid power planning
Charlotte Pordage October 2, 2019 April 26, 2021 Digital Utilities, Electricity, News, Projects, Renewable Energy, Solar, Sustainability, Telecommunications 0
The Northern Territory's Power and Water Corporation has released a suite of detailed documents relating to learnings from its...
FNQ powering up its electric vehicle infrastructure
Charlotte Pordage October 16, 2019 October 16, 2019 Digital Utilities, News, Spotlight, Sustainability 0
Electric vehicle users in Tropical North Queensland are getting ready to charge, with installation works on track for six...
Turnbull talks NBN in Cairns
Utility Journalist September 7, 2015 April 26, 2021 Civil Construction, News, Telecommunications 0
Cairns is powering ahead in terms of NBN construction, says Malcolm Turnbull, with rollouts continuing throughout the region. "There...
Proposed route for major VIC transmission line announcedSA Water to install 8,000 metres of new water main


RIO DE JANEIRO (REUTERS) – Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil's far-right president-elect, said on Saturday (Nov 24) he tentatively plans to undergo a medical procedure to remove a colostomy bag on Jan. 20, nearly three weeks after he takes office.
Bolsonaro, who was elected last month on a promise to rid Latin America's largest economy of graft and crush Brazil's violent drug gangs, said the procedure would depend on a medical evaluation.
His inauguration is on Jan 1.
"If I am able, given the serious and continuing risk of infection, I will be operated on the 20th, and if not, it will be postponed again," he told reporters in Rio de Janeiro.
Bolsonaro nearly died from a stab wound on the campaign trail. The former army captain is still wearing a colostomy bag after a series of emergency medical procedures.
He also said on Saturday he was in no hurry to finish selecting members of his cabinet but wished he had identified all the potential choices by now.


text:
#pragma once

#include "targetver.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <tchar.h>

// TODO: reference additional headers your program requires here

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub