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Elected Officials to Protect California
Posted on February 14, 2020 January 1, 2021
On Valentines Day, 300+ Elected Officials Ask Gov. Newsom to "Show His Love for California" and Phase Out Oil and Gas Production
On Valentines Day, 300+ Elected Officials Ask Gov. Newsom to "Show His Love for California" and Phase Out Oil and Gas Production
SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA.— On Valentines Day, a bipartisan group of hundreds of mayors, county supervisors, and local elected officials made a plea to Governor Gavin Newsom to "show his love for California" by enacting a comprehensive Climate Emergency Plan to phase out the production and burning of fossil fuels. The lawmakers said the plan must end new permits for oil and gas drilling, enact 2,500-foot science-based public health setbacks on drilling, and achieve 100% clean energy in all sectors.
Gathered at the State Capitol, the officials personally delivered a "love letter" to Governor Newsom, signed by over 300 local electeds from 49 counties, including 75 mayors. The letter highlighted the emergency action that the state must take to address the public health and climate harms caused by fossil fuels.
"Oil and gas industries continue to threaten our safety, the public's health, and are heating up our climate beyond safe levels," said Davis Mayor Brett Lee. The climate crisis demands action at all levels of government. Many cities have taken action, now it's time for the state to step up."
In the absence of comprehensive state oil and gas policy that protects Californians and the climate, the letter highlights the rapidly growing number of policies that more than 110 local governments across the state have enacted to protect their communities from fossil fuel production and burning. Concerned that Australia's apocalyptic fires are a dire warning for California's increasingly life-threatening fire season, local elected officials from across the state stood in solidarity at the State Capitol and called on the Governor to declare a climate emergency.
Already, more than 110 local governments in California have passed more than 165 local policies to protect their communities from fossil fuels, including phase-out plans and setbacks on oil and gas drilling, climate lawsuits or divestment from fossil fuel companies, or opposing expansion of fossil fuel production or infrastructure.
"With refineries surrounding the area I represent in Solano County, pollution is degrading the quality of life for many of our most marginalized residents. In the portion of Vallejo that I represent, we have high rates of asthma, cancer, other health issues related to pollution," said Solano County Supervisor Monica Brown. "The time to transition to clean energy is now – to protect our citizens. It's our moral obligation."
With the climate crisis polling as the top issue for California voters, deadly fires and climate disasters worsening, the elected officials highlighted how the state's fossil fuel production threatens the health and safety of our communities and emphasized that fossil fuel production drives the climate crisis and kills 12,000 Californians each year.
"Since Chico became the first city to declare a climate emergency, many others have followed. It's high time the State issued a Climate Emergency Decree. That way we can start to take emergency action to abate the climate crisis before it's too late," said Chico Mayor Randall Stone. "It's time we put our people above the profits of corporations."
On November 19, 2019, Governor Newsom announced a halt on new oil extraction wells that use high-pressure steam injection drilling, an independent review of new fracking permits, and a new rule-making process for public health and safety protections near oil and gas extraction facilities set to take place in 2020. The officials welcomed the state's policy shift concerning fossil fuel production, and stand ready to work with the Governor. But they consider his actions to date baby steps.
The officials said transitioning to a clean energy economy will grow jobs, and stop grave environmental health injustices happening in low-income communities and communities of color which are disproportionately affected by fossil fuel production.
"We must start transitioning to renewable energy. It's a golden opportunity to grow jobs, and improve the health and well-being of our citizens. We have the knowhow, now we need legislative action," said Fireburgh Former Mayor and current City Councilmember Felipe Perez. "Renewables can help ensure everyone has clean water. It's time for bold action from our governor."
The push from elected officials comes after the Bureau of Land Management announced its analysis of the potential effects of hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas resources on public lands and Federal minerals within the planning area in California.
Despite its reputation as a global climate leader, California is one of the nation's top oil-producing states. Oil produced in California is some of the dirtiest and most climate-damaging crude in the world. Governor Newsom has taken small steps with the recent moratorium on certain types of drilling, yet there is no comprehensive plan to ramp down extraction. In fact, more than 21,000 permits for new drilling have been issued since 2011. Of these new oil and gas wells permitted by the state, 76 percent are located in communities with above-average poverty rates for California, and 67 percent are located in communities of color.
"We seriously need to reduce emissions and the only way to do that is to phase out the production and use of dirty fossil fuels. Gov. Newsom should take strong steps to protect Californians from the worsening effects of global climate chaos, which include fires, floods, drought and toxic air," said Millbrae Vice Mayor Ann Schneider. "It's outrageous, our kids can't play outside on bad days. During those days the air is so dangerous our recreation, public works and landscape employees can't work outdoors."
Elected county, city, school board, and local officials from across the state, who launched Elected Officials to Protect California in 2018, are taking action both within their respective jurisdictions and across California to end the extraction of dirty fossil fuel that harms their constituents and the environment.
The most damaging health risks of oil and gas drilling occur within a one-half mile radius of active oil and gas development, according to the California Council on Science and Technology. Yet, California has no statewide policy limiting the proximity of drilling to homes, schools or other sensitive areas. According to a recent poll, nearly two-thirds of California voters support phasing out oil and gas drilling within half a mile of homes, schools and other vulnerable sites.
More than 6 million people, including tens of thousands in California, marched in the September Climate Strike demanding action to phase out fossil fuels. More than 750 grassroots organizations in California and around the world are urging the Golden State to set a global precedent by announcing a statewide plan to completely phase-out existing dirty fuel production and enact 2,500 foot setbacks on drilling to protect public health and the climate.
The letter and signatories of Elected Officials to Protect California are at californiaelectedofficials.org.
Photo credit: Elected Officials to Protect California
Contact: Alexander Cornell du Houx, President of Elected Officials to Protect California Cell: 207.319.4511
After climate summit, 250 CA mayors, officials urge Gov. Brown to walk his talk, end permitting of fossil fuels
For Immediate Release, September 17, 2018
Press Contact: Christian Brock, Elected Officials to Protect California, christian@californiaelectedofficials.org, (618) 520-4231
Elected officials say leading on climate means ending drilling that harms climate, communities
SAN FRANCISCO, Calif.— Days after Governor Jerry Brown hosted the U.N. Global Climate Action Summit in San Francisco, 250 mayors, county supervisors, and elected officials from a majority of counties across California are urging the Governor to walk his talk on climate leadership by creating a statewide plan to phase out oil and gas drilling that is harming public health and worsening climate change.
"The Governor says that no state has done more on climate change," said Culver City Vice Mayor Meghan Sahli-Wells, co-chair of Elected Officials to Protect California. "Tell that to the 5.4 million Californians that live with a mile of oil and gas wells, including in my community, breathing poisoned air from dirty drilling."
A growing bipartisan network of state, county, and city officials, which launched as Elected Officials to Protect California in June, is continuing to press Gov. Brown and the state of California more broadly to end oil and gas drilling after the Summit.
"This summit brought the clear message that leaders everywhere must pledge to do everything to keep fossil fuels in the ground," said Carmen Ramirez, Mayor pro tem of Oxnard. "Half measures won't get us where we desperately need to be to protect the future."
The officials are taking action both within their respective districts and across California to end the extraction of dirty fossil fuel that harms their constituents and the environment. The network is asking Gov. Brown to take the first step by halting permits for new fossil fuel projects, prohibiting drilling within 2,500 feet of homes and vulnerable areas.
"Governor Brown has been a global champion for climate action, and now we need him to be our champion for California," said Hillary Ronen, San Francisco Supervisor. "We're joining with hundreds of elected officials across California calling on Governor Brown to start phasing out oil and gas production in order to protect our public health and communities."
Despite its reputation as a global climate leader, California is one of the nation's top oil-producing states. Oil produced in California is some of the dirtiest and most climate-damaging crude in the world, yet there are currently no plans to ramp down extraction. In fact, during the Brown administration, more than 20,000 permits for new drilling have been issued. Gov. Brown has previously stated that he is committed to decarbonizing the world – we're asking him to take action to solidify his commitment.
"Governor Brown stood up to Trump's offshore drilling plans, yet he has permitted 20,000 wells onshore in the middle of our communities, which are poisoning our families," said Jovanka Beckles, Councilmember of Richmond. "We need Governor Brown to act now to phase out refinery and drilling pollution by ending new permitting of drilling."
In addition to the climate damage caused by California's dirty fuel extraction, thousands of oil and gas wells operate next to homes and schools, releasing toxic air pollutants that cause cancer, asthma, and other health problems. Drilling often occurs disproportionately in low-income communities and communities of color who already suffer from some of the worst air quality in the nation.
"100% clean energy means no new fossil fuels. You cannot claim to be a climate leader and frack and drill our state," said Xilonin Cruz-Gonzalez, Azusa School Board Vice-President. "Climate leadership in California means stopping the drilling that's poisoning our families."
Though the most significant health risks occur within a one-half mile radius of active oil and gas development, California has no statewide policy limiting the proximity of drilling to homes, schools or other sensitive areas. According to a recent poll, nearly two-thirds of California voters support phasing out oil and gas drilling within half a mile of homes, schools and other vulnerable sites.
"Much of the fossil fuel production in the Bay Area and California happens in low-income communities of color that receive few economic benefits but must suffer from the deadly pollutants emitted," said Sandra Fewer, San Francisco Supervisor. "The history of fossil fuel production in the State of California is a history of the worst form of environmental injustice."
The elected leaders noted that phasing out fossil fuel extraction would create hundreds of thousands of jobs in the state through increased investment in renewable energy, clean vehicles and buildings, energy efficiency, public transportation and other innovative solutions.
"We regularly hear from constituents about the tremendous burdens that fossil fuel production places on our communities and public health, especially low-income communities and communities of color," said Congressman Ro Khanna (D-CA17). "Transformative climate leadership must include bold action on the production side of fossil fuels. California can lead the way on limiting fossil fuel extraction just as we have led in the transition to renewable energy by ending the issuance of new permits for fossil fuel development and infrastructure."
More than 800 environmental, public health and community groups have joined the "Brown's Last Chance" campaign similarly demanding that Gov. Brown halt new oil and gas drilling in the state and devise a fair and equitable plan to phase it out entirely.
"In signing SB100, Gov. Brown has recognized the need to phase out oil and gas. He has heard our voices," said Elizabeth Patterson Mayor of Benicia, home of the Valero Benicia oil refinery. "We look forward to working with the Governor and his leadership to begin the policy and legislative process of phasing out oil and gas drilling, while accelerating our economic independence of oil and gas. I thank the Governor for his leadership."
"California has never been afraid to lead," said San Francisco Supervisor Rafael Mandelman. "The world is counting on us to take the first step and start phasing out the dirty oil and gas production that is the source of the climate emergency and deadly pollution. We need Governor Brown to act now to protect our communities and public health."
Statement from Culver City Vice Mayor Meghan Sahli-Wells | Co-Chair:
STATEMENT ON BEHALF OF 240 CALIFORNIA LAWMAKERS REGARDING GOV BROWN SIGNING SB100
Bipartisan Group of Hundreds of Officials Commends Signing, Urges Governor to End New Permitting for Oil & Gas Projects to Protect Public Health
SB100 Commits State to Power From 100% Clean Electricity by 2045, Does Not Address Fossil Fuel Extraction in California
"On behalf of 240 elected officials from a majority of California counties calling to phase out fossil fuel production and transition to clean energy, we commend Governor Brown for signing SB100 and Senator Kevin de León's visionary leadership in crafting this bill. It is a historic day for California and our nation.
"While SB 100 should be celebrated, it does not address the climate impacts and terrible public health impacts of ongoing oil and gas production in our communities. More than 5.4 million Californians live within a mile of drilling. Pollution from wells, refineries, and pipelines causes asthma, cancer, and reproductive harm, impacting disadvantaged people and people of color the most. Despite the known harms, California has permitted 20,000 new oil and gas wells during Governor Brown's administration and has no statewide setbacks on drilling from homes, schools, and hospitals.
"There is a disconnect between transitioning to 100% clean energy without ending the terrible impacts of oil and gas production on our communities today. We cannot hold our breaths until 2045 and continue to suffer the dire consequences of fossil fuel extraction. We cannot do one without the other.
"That's why we call on the Governor to end new permits for fossil fuel projects and create a 2,500-foot drilling setback from homes, schools, and vulnerable areas. This is the leadership that we urgently need to protect our public health and communities."
Elected Official's to Protect California's letter urging Governor Brown to phase out oil and gas production can be viewed here.
Posted on May 24, 2019 January 1, 2021
100+ Local Electeds Launch New Network with Letter Calling on Gov. Brown to Phase Out Oil and Gas Production in CA
For Immediate Release, June 26, 2018
Press Contact: Phillip Vander Klay, Elected Officials to Protect California, phillipvanderklay@gmail.com, (916) 764-7056
Letter Says Keeping State's Fossil Fuels in the Ground Necessary to Protect Public Health and Lead on Climate Change
SACRAMENTO, Calif.— Echoing serious concerns from citizens whose health and safety are threatened by fossil fuel production, a group of more than 100 local elected officials across California sent a letter to Governor Jerry Brown today calling for a statewide plan to phase out oil and gas drilling.
Today's letter marks the launch of Elected Officials to Protect California, an independent elected officials network working to demand an end to the dirty fossil fuel extraction that harms their constituents and the environment. The network is urging Gov. Brown to take the first step by halting permits for new fossil fuel projects, prohibiting drilling within 2,500 feet of homes and vulnerable areas and committing the state to 100 percent renewable energy.
"Oil fields make dreadful neighbors. In Culver City, we're taking steps to end oil extraction in our city," said Meghan Sahli-Wells, Vice Mayor of Culver City. "I urge Governor Brown to follow suit and protect Californians' health and our planet's future from dirty drilling operations."
Despite its reputation as a global climate leader, California is one of the nation's top oil-producing states. Oil produced in California is some of the dirtiest and most climate-damaging crude in the world, yet there are currently no plans to ramp down extraction. In fact, more than 20,000 permits for new drilling have been issued during the Brown administration.
In addition to the climate damage caused by California's dirty fuel extraction, thousands of oil and gas wells operate next to homes and schools, releasing toxic air pollutants that cause cancer, asthma and other health problems. Drilling often occurs disproportionately in low-income communities and communities of color who already suffer from some of the worst air quality in the nation.
"Our highest priority is ensuring the health and safety of our communities as we insure job security for a just transition," said José Gurrola, Mayor of Arvin. "This means holding the oil industry accountable and protecting our most vulnerable residents from fossil fuel production happening near their homes and schools."
Though the greatest health risks occur within one-half mile from active oil and gas development, California has no statewide policy limiting the proximity of drilling to homes, schools or other sensitive areas. According to a recent poll, nearly two-thirds of California voters support phasing out oil and gas drilling within half a mile of homes, schools and other vulnerable sites.
"Our city has never been afraid to tackle climate change by taking on the oil industry," said Serge Dedina, Mayor of Imperial Beach. "This letter is our challenge to Governor Brown to do the same."
Today's letter comes as more than 800 environmental, public health and community groups have joined the "Brown's Last Chance" campaign similarly demanding that Gov. Brown halt new oil and gas drilling in the state and devise a fair and equitable plan to phase it out entirely. If Gov. Brown does not act, he will lose those groups' support for his Global Climate Action Summit in September.
Additional Statements:
"I have devoted my life to serve my community and to achieve environmental and climate justice in the San Joaquin Valley on the frontlines of massive contaminating industries," said Rey León, Mayor of Huron. "Independent elected leaders like myself are standing together to call on Governor Brown to develop a comprehensive plan to 100 percent renewable energy that will phase out fossil fuels while integrating and empowering low-income and farmworker families to be effective stakeholders."
"We are here with a message to Governor Brown and the nation," said Elizabeth Patterson, Mayor of Benicia. "We are local elected leaders taking bold steps to ask the state's leaders including Governor Brown to clean up our cities, towns and agricultural lands and protect our people by calling for an end to the extraction, processing and burning of fossil fuels that makes California one of the largest oil producers on the globe."
"We turned the corner a couple of years ago in being able to produce and store energy from renewable sources," said Rex Parris, Mayor of Lancaster. "The only reason to continue supporting the fossil fuel industry is greed. We are out of time because of climate disruption, and must stand up for our children."
"We must think of the future that our children will inherit, so it is our responsibility not to be short-sighted," said Carmen Ramirez, Mayor Pro Tem of Oxnard. "We must act now to save that future, and we will be held accountable."
"A ban on fracking is essential to protecting the health of low-income people in California," said Yolo County Supervisor Jim Provenza
"Pollution continues to plague air quality in the Central Valley and has such harmful effects on our children, seniors and those with asthma and other lung diseases that too often end up in a doctor's office, the hospital or emergency room." said Fresno-area State Center Community College District Trustee Eric Payne. "Phasing out oil and gas drilling is a step in the right direction to better protect our loved ones."


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Election Commission (EC) has announced the schedule for the forthcoming Assembly elections in four States and one Union Territory. The States are Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Assam and Puducherry(U.T.). Election in West Bengal will be held in 6 phases in which the polling for 1st phase will take place on 4th and 11th April. Polling for the second phase will be held on 17th April, third phase on 21st April, fourth on 25th, Fifth on 30th April and sixth phase on 5th of May.
Assam will go to poll in two phases on 4th and 11th of April. Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Puducherry will go to poll in a single phase on 16th May. The Counting for all Assembly Constituencies in all five States will be held on 19th of May.
Detailed analysis of Election Schedule
1) West Bengal
Voters: 6.55 crore
Polling booths: 77247
Constituencies: 294
Phases: 6
Phase 1: 18 seats (Apr 4), 31 seats (Apr 11)
Phase 2: 56 seats (Apr 17)
Phase 6: 25 seats (May 5)
2) Assam
Phase 1: 65 seats, April 4
Phase 2: 61 seats, April 11
3) Tamil Nadu
Voters: 5.8 crore
Phase: One
Poll date: May 16
4) Kerala
5) Puducherry
Voters: 9,27,000
Polling booth: 913
Constituencies: 30
Dates: May 16
Constitutional Provisions regarding EC
Under Article 324(1) of the Constitution of India, the Election Commission of India, is vested with the power of superintendence, direction and control of conducting the elections to the offices of the President and Vice-President of India. Detailed provisions are made under the Presidential and Vice Presidential Elections Act, 1952 and the rules made thereunder.
The same Article also vests in the Commission the powers of superintendence, direction and control of the elections to both Houses of Parliament. Detailed provisions are made under the Representation of the People Act, 1951 and the rules made thereunder.
Election Commssion was not a multi member body from the beginning. It was a single member body when it was first set up in 1950 and up to 15th October, 1989 with only the Chief Election Commissioner. From 16th October, 1989 upto the 1st January, 1990, it became a three-member body. From 2nd January, 1990 to 30th September, 1993, it was a single-member Commission and again from 1st October, 1993 it has become a three-member Commission.
The State Election Commissions constituted under the Constitution (Seventy-third and Seventy-fourth) Amendments Act, 1992 for each State / Union Territory are vested with the powers of conduct of elections to the Corporations, Muncipalities, Zilla Parishads, District Panchayats, Panchayat Samitis, Gram Panchayats and other local bodies. They are independent of the Election Commission of India.
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Simulations for Designing and Interpreting Intervention Trials in Infectious Diseases
M. Elizabeth Halloran, Kari Auranen, Sarah Baird, Nicole E. Basta, Steve Bellan, Ron Brookmeyer, Ben Cooper, Victor DeGruttola, James Hughes, Justin Lessler, Eric T. Lofgren, Ira M. Longini, Jukka-Pekka Onnela, Berk Ozler, George Seage, Thomas A. Smith, Alessandro Vespignani, Emilia Vynnycky, Marc Lipsitch
Here we urge the adoption of a new paradigm for the design and interpretation of intervention trials in infectious diseases, particularly in emerging infectious disease, that more accurately reflects the dynamics of the transmission process. Interventions in infectious diseases can have indirect effects on those not receiving the intervention as well as direct effects on those receiving the intervention. Combinations of interventions can have complex interactions at the population level. These often cannot be adequately addressed with standard study designs and analytic methods. Simulations can help to accurately represent transmission dynamics in an increasingly complex world which is critical for proper trial design and interpretation. Some ethical aspects of a trial can also be quantified using simulations. After a trial has been conducted, simulations can be used to explore possible explanations for the observed effects. A great deal is to be gained through a multidisciplinary approach that builds collaborations among experts in infectious disease dynamics, epidemiology, statistical science, economics, simulation methods and the conduct of clinical trials.
Source: https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-017-0985-3
Models and analyses to understand threats to polio eradication
James S. Koopman
To achieve complete polio eradication, the live oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) currently used must be phased out after the end of wild poliovirus transmission. However, poorly understood threats may arise when OPV use is stopped. To counter these threats, better models than those currently available are needed. Two articles recently published in BMC Medicine address these issues. Mercer et al. (BMC Med 15:180, 2017) developed a statistical model analysis of polio case data and characteristics of cases occurring in several districts in Pakistan to inform resource allocation decisions. Nevertheless, despite having the potential to accelerate the elimination of polio cases, their analyses are unlikely to advance our understanding OPV cessation threats. McCarthy et al. (BMC Med15:175, 2017) explored one such threat, namely the emergence and transmission of serotype 2 circulating vaccine derived poliovirus (cVDPV2) after OPV2 cessation, and found that the risk of persistent spread of cVDPV2 to new areas increases rapidly 1–5 years after OPV2 cessation. Thus, recently developed models and analysis methods have the potential to guide the required steps to surpass these threats. 'Big data' scientists could help with this; however, datasets covering all eradication efforts should be made readily available.
Online Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference: Theoretical Foundations via Sequential Monte Carlo
Vu Dinh, Aaron E Darling, Frederick A Matsen IV
Systematic Biology
Phylogenetics, the inference of evolutionary trees from molecular sequence data such as DNA, is an enterprise that yields valuable evolutionary understanding of many biological systems. Bayesian phylogenetic algorithms, which approximate a posterior distribution on trees, have become a popular if computationally expensive means of doing phylogenetics. Modern data collection technologies are quickly adding new sequences to already substantial databases. With all current techniques for Bayesian phylogenetics, computation must start anew each time a sequence becomes available, making it costly to maintain an up-to-date estimate of a phylogenetic posterior. These considerations highlight the need for an online Bayesian phylogenetic method which can update an existing posterior with new sequences. Here, we provide theoretical results on the consistency and stability of methods for online Bayesian phylogenetic inference based on Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) and Markov chain Monte Carlo. We first show a consistency result, demonstrating that the method samples from the correct distribution in the limit of a large number of particles. Next, we derive the first reported set of bounds on how phylogenetic likelihood surfaces change when new sequences are added. These bounds enable us to characterize the theoretical performance of sampling algorithms by bounding the effective sample size (ESS) with a given number of particles from below. We show that the ESS is guaranteed to grow linearly as the number of particles in an SMC sampler grows. Surprisingly, this result holds even though the dimensions of the phylogenetic model grow with each new added sequence.
Source: https://academic.oup.com/sysbio/advance-article/doi/10.1093/sysbio/syx087/4735261
Comparative epidemiology of poliovirus transmission
Navideh Noori, John M. Drake, Pejman Rohani
Understanding the determinants of polio transmission and its large-scale epidemiology remains a public health priority. Despite a 99% reduction in annual wild poliovirus (WPV) cases since 1988, tackling the last 1% has proven difficult. We identified key covariates of geographical variation in polio transmission patterns by relating country-specific annual disease incidence to demographic, socio-economic and environmental factors. We assessed the relative contributions of these variables to the performance of computer-generated models for predicting polio transmission. We also examined the effect of spatial coupling on the polio extinction frequency in islands relative to larger land masses. Access to sanitation, population density, forest cover and routine vaccination coverage were the strongest predictors of polio incidence, however their relative effect sizes were inconsistent geographically. The effect of climate variables on polio incidence was negligible, indicating that a climate effect is not identifiable at the annual scale, suggesting a role for climate in shaping the transmission seasonality rather than intensity. We found polio fadeout frequency to depend on both population size and demography, which should therefore be considered in policies aimed at extinction. Our comparative epidemiological approach highlights the heterogeneity among polio transmission determinants. Recognition of this variation is important for the maintenance of population immunity in a post-polio era.
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-17749-5
Effective Online Bayesian Phylogenetics via Sequential Monte Carlo with Guided Proposals
Mathieu Fourment, Brian C Claywell, Vu Dinh, Connor McCoy, Frederick A Matsen IV, Aaron E Darling
Modern infectious disease outbreak surveillance produces continuous streams of sequence data which require phylogenetic analysis as data arrives. Current software packages for Bayesian phylogenetic inference are unable to quickly incorporate new sequences as they become available, making them less useful for dynamically unfolding evolutionary stories. This limitation can be addressed by applying a class of Bayesian statistical inference algorithms called sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) to conduct online inference, wherein new data can be continuously incorporated to update the estimate of the posterior probability distribution. In this article, we describe and evaluate several different online phylogenetic sequential Monte Carlo (OPSMC) algorithms. We show that proposing new phylogenies with a density similar to the Bayesian prior suffers from poor performance, and we develop "guided" proposals that better match the proposal density to the posterior. Furthermore, we show that the simplest guided proposals can exhibit pathological behavior in some situations, leading to poor results, and that the situation can be resolved by heating the proposal density. The results demonstrate that relative to the widely used MCMC-based algorithm implemented in MrBayes, the total time required to compute a series of phylogenetic posteriors as sequences arrive can be significantly reduced by the use of OPSMC, without incurring a significant loss in accuracy.
Selection on non-antigenic gene segments of seasonal influenza A virus and its impact on adaptive evolution
Jayna Raghwani, Robin Thompson, Katia Koelle
Virus Evolution
Most studies on seasonal influenza A/H3N2 virus adaptation have focused on the main antigenic gene, haemagglutinin. However, there is increasing evidence that the genome-wide genetic background of novel antigenic variants can influence these variants' emergence probabilities and impact their patterns of dominance in the population. This suggests that non-antigenic genes may be important in shaping the viral evolutionary dynamics. To better understand the role of selection on non-antigenic genes in the adaptive evolution of seasonal influenza viruses, we here develop a simple population genetic model that considers a virus with one antigenic and one non-antigenic gene segment. By simulating this model under different regimes of selection and reassortment, we find that the empirical patterns of lineage turnover for the antigenic and non-antigenic gene segments are best captured when there is both limited viral coinfection and selection operating on both gene segments. In contrast, under a scenario of only neutral evolution in the non-antigenic gene segment, we see persistence of multiple lineages for long periods of time in that segment, which is not compatible with the observed molecular evolutionary patterns. Further, we find that reassortment, occurring in coinfected individuals, can increase the speed of viral adaptive evolution by primarily reducing selective interference and genetic linkage effects mediated by the non-antigenic gene segment. Together, these findings suggest that, for influenza, with 6 internal or non-antigenic gene segments, the evolutionary dynamics of novel antigenic variants are likely to be influenced by the genome-wide genetic background as a result of linked selection among both beneficial and deleterious mutations.
Source: https://academic.oup.com/ve/article/3/2/vex034/4614565


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Haptics may refer to:

 Haptics, any form of interaction involving touch
 Haptic communication, the means by which people and other animals communicate via touching
 Haptic perception, the process of recognizing objects through touch
 Haptic poetry, a liminal art form combining characteristics of typography and sculpture
 Haptic technology, technology that interfaces with the user through the sense of touch

See also
 Somatosensory system, the biology of sensory receptors
 Tactile signing, method of deafblind communication
 Tactile (disambiguation)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Daylight acceleration time
by Chris Woodside | Mar 6, 2014 | Get This
U.S. Senate Sergeant at Arms Charles P. Higgins turns the Ohio Clock forward for the first Daylight Saving Time in 1918. Senators William M. Calder (NY), Willard Saulsbury, Jr. (DE), and Joseph T. Robinson (AR) stand in front. WIKIMEDIA COMMONS
Daylight saving time returns to the United States on March 9, 2014.
Thousands of years of history prove that people like to use some kind of a clock to regulate economic and domestic life. It's true also that the species does respond to an inner clock, the circadian rhythm, which scientists say is roughly a full day long (actually close to 25 hours). Whenever we jar our inner clocks, we should feel ill at ease for a while. Going into the woods for a period can re-set the inner clock, allowing the chance to recoup without clock pressures.
Most people in the Western world are so trained to rely on clocks that we might believe we can't escape them, even in the woods. The reality, if you spend more than a day or two there, is that you tend to think of time on a grander scale, as in geological time, according to Michael Downing, a writing teacher in Boston who wrote the book Spring Forward(Shoemaker & Hoard, 2005), a critical history of daylight saving time. In his book, Downing makes a case that daylight saving time is unnecessary, perhaps even silly. "I think that clock time is designed to move us away from that sense of how minute we are," he said in an interview. "Our lives are part of a genuine planetary project which, if we have that thought and let those thoughts rise to the surface, really confounds the notion of getting up and being at work on time at 8 o'clock."
On March 11, 2007, the United States began the longest period of daylight saving time since the energy crisis of the mid-1970s. The country moved the clocks ahead three weeks earlier than last year. Daylight saving time will continue until the first Sunday in November. This extension, set by federal law, is expected to save electricity. Daylight saving time, first tried during both world wars and then made permanent in the mid-1960s, makes the actual number of sunlit hours coincide better with people's preferred summer schedules, many claim. In the evening, we feel as if we gain time as the sunset comes late. But the changeover does cause some havoc in schedules at first.
Daylight saving time now prevails for the majority of the year. In March, the dark mornings remind us of the winters of 1974 and 1975, during the Middle East oil embargo and subsequent drop in supplies. In those winters, just as now, Americans set out to work and school in the dark so that the evenings would be lighter. Pay attention to your circadian rhythms. How will you fare in March, when the clock went ahead? How will you do in November, when the country regains the "lost" hour?
Daylight saving time was first proposed by a British man who was disgusted that most people slept too late. Daylight saving time places a new time on the sunset, fooling us into rising earlier to get those pleasant evenings. For some reason, we respond better to changing the clock than to deciding to get up earlier.
In the recreational backcountry—the mountains, wilderness lands, along rivers, and on the ocean—when adventurers have no electricity or business appointments, you can't do much without the sun. No one but you expects you to be anywhere in particular when you are away from cities and towns. The only good thing about a clock is that it helps you plan your day by a map or guidebook. But even then, the usual ticking of each hour slows down, and life takes on a rhythm that is seasonal. In the backcountry, no one can pretend that every day is the same.


This entry was posted in Society, Terrorism and tagged 9-11, Eagle.
Did you draw this? Nicely done.
I did. Thanks! After I inked and scanned it and began adding color, I stopped after the eye. I thought it looked pretty interesting as it was.
Oh yes. That b&w with one spot of color–just the right one.


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Should You Buy a Foldable Smartphone
Folding mobile phones were a big deal in the 1990s, but no one really expected a foldable smartphone to gain traction in today's market. Folding screen phones like Samsung's Galaxy Z Fold 3 and the Motorola Razr 2020 are making folding cool again, although they bear little resemblance to their 1990s ancestors.
Is the foldable smartphone the next step in phone evolution, or just a fad? Let's examine the advantages of foldable phones, how they work, and if they're worth their price tags.
How Foldable Screens Work
Foldable smartphones come in two basic styles. Like the Galaxy Z Fold 3, some fold open to reveal a tablet-like screen with a hinge in the middle. When closed, this style of folding mobile phone has a secondary screen on the outside, which can be used as a regular smartphone.
The second type of folding screen looks like a regular smartphone when unfolded, and folds in half for easy transportation. When folded, you can use a small secondary screen to view notifications.
A foldable smartphone screen is either made from ultra-thin glass or, in the case of the Motorola Razr, a foldable OLED screen. Both types of foldable screen support Flex Mode, where the bottom half of the screen is used as a base.
Advantages of a Foldable Phone
Foldable screens have several advantages. Of the two, those that open to reveal two screens are more versatile than those that reveal a regular smartphone. The main advantage of a phone like the Motorola Razr is its small size when folded, as you don't get a larger screen, and the secondary screen has limited capabilities.
The advantages of foldable phones such as the Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 3 are more obvious. With the larger double screen, you gain a number of features:
Foldable smartphones offer screen protection when folded.
Screen size makes it easier to read books, play games, and browse the internet.
Up to three apps can be open and visible on the Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 3 screen at once.
Larger screen sizes can increase your productivity.
You get a larger screen without taking up more space in your pocket.
Product specifications on a foldable mobile phone are similar to those found in high-end single-screen phones.
Disadvantages of Folding Screens
A folding mobile phone is not for everyone. As the newest technology on the smartphone circuit, foldable smartphones are more expensive than single-screen phones. Folding hinges are moving parts that can be susceptible to damage, and ultra-thin materials increase the risk of screen damage. Folding smartphones cannot be used with traditional phone protectors, so if you're tough on your phone, folding screens may not be for you.
Folding mobile phones are thicker than single-screen phones when closed, which can be an issue for some people. You get a more compact phone for the corresponding screen size, but the folded phone will be about twice as thick as a normal smartphone.
The Best Foldable Smartphone
Of the folding screen phones on the market, the Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 3 leads the pack with a durable design and water-resistant housing. Folded open, you have access to a 7.6-inch edge-to-edge Dynamic AMOLED display. When closed, you still have access to a 6.2-inch external display. Add in 5G capabilities and S Pen stylus support, and you have an excellent tablet-phone hybrid if you're looking at buying a new phone.
Considering it has to power a small tablet screen when unfolded, the battery life of the Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 3 is impressive: approximately 21 hours unfolded and 26 hours folded. Camera capabilities offer a 12MP wide, 12MP Ultrawide, and 12MP telephoto lens, a 10 MP cover camera, and a 4MP hidden display camera on the unfolded screen. 4K video recording, auto framing, and hyper-lapse capabilities are all included.
The Best Folding Screen Flip Phones
Two phones stand out from the crowd when it comes to clamshell folding screen phones. The Motorola Razr 2020 is a water-repellant little phone with a 16 MP camera and 4K video. The Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 3 5G includes a multi-active window setting so you can access two apps simultaneously.
If you are buying a foldable smartphone, take the time to decide what to do with your old phone. Depending on what your old phone is worth, you may be able to use it to reduce the overall cost of your new folding mobile phone.
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Japan, U.S. reaffirm cooperation on N. Korea issues
by Koichiro Ashikaga
NEW YORK (The Japan News/ANN) - Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga and U.S. Vice President Mike Pence agreed that North Korea's firing of ballistic missiles on Thursday was extremely regrettable and pledged to closely cooperate on a response to the issue during their meeting at the White House in Washington on Friday.
Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga and U.S. Vice President Mike Pence agreed that North Korea's firing of ballistic missiles on Thursday was extremely regrettable and pledged to closely cooperate on a response to the issue during their meeting at the White House in Washington on Friday.
They also agreed to take concerted action to resolve the issue of the abduction of Japanese nationals by North Korea.
In the about 40-minute meeting, Suga and Pence agreed on the importance of fully implementing U.N. Security Council sanctions resolutions on Pyongyang in response to the launching of ballistic missiles.
"The firing of ballistic missiles violates the Security Council resolutions," Suga told reporters after the meeting.
Regarding the abduction issue, Suga told Pence that Prime Minister Shinzo Abe is determined to meet directly with North Korean leader and chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea Kim Jong Un without preconditions, and again called for U.S. cooperation to resolve the issue. Pence said he intended to continue to support the Japanese government's efforts.
Suga also renewed requests for U.S. cooperation regarding the realignment of U.S. bases in Japan, telling Pence, "It is extremely important to work to ease the burden on Okinawa Prefecture, where U.S. military land and facilities are concentrated."
The two confirmed that both countries will steadily proceed with the relocation of the U.S. Marine Corps' Futenma Air Station in Ginowan, Okinawa Prefecture, to the Henoko area of Nago in the same prefecture.
They also addressed U.S.-China trade friction in the talks, with Suga telling Pence, "Japan hopes that both the United States and China will attempt to constructively solve the issue through dialogue."
After the talks, Suga attended a symposium on the abduction issue at the U.N. headquarters in New York on Friday afternoon. The symposium was organized by the Japanese government and other entities.
In his keynote speech, Suga pledged to dedicate all his strength to solving the abduction issue and asked for the cooperation of the international community.
"We'll break the shell of mutual distrust with North Korea and make a fresh start [on the issue]," he said.


Gold coin of Croesus, Lydian, around 550 BC, from modern Turkey.
To go and start a whole new war again.
چوتھی بادشاہت لوہے کی ہوگی اور جس طرح لوہا تمام چیزوں کو توڑ پھوڑ دیتا ہے، اسی طرح یہ بادشاہت بھی تمام طاقتور جتھوں اور حکومتوں کو ختم کر کے رکھ دے گی۔ اس کے بعد وہ پر، جو مٹی اور لوہے کے ملغوبے کے بنے ہوئے آپ نے دیکھے تھے، اسی طرح آپ کی بادشاہت بھی آخر کار دوحصوں میں تقسیم ہوجائے گی.
-1- Slay the Nemean Lion.
-2- Slay the nine-headed Lernaean Hydra.
-3-Capture the Golden Hind of Artemis.
-5-Clean the Augean stables in a single day.
-7- Capture the Cretan Bull.
-8- Steal the Mares of Diomedes.
-9- Obtain the girdle of Hippolyta, Queen of the Amazons.
-10-Obtain the cattle of the monster Geryon.
-11-Steal the apples of the Hesperides.
-12-Capture and bring back Cerberus.
Hercules had a greater number of "deeds on the side" (parerga) that have been popular subjects for art.
And every kingdom went he out to see.


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Amazon Prime Day UK
Paul McCartney music available on iTunes
By Rob Mead (TechRadar ) 2007-05-13T23:00:00.132Z Hi-fi & radio
Solo work gets online release. The Beatles to follow?
Paul McCartney's solo and Wings years are going online soon. Could The Beatles be next?
Ex-Beatle Paul McCartney is to sell his back catalogue through iTunes and other online music stores. EMI said in a press statement :
"EMI Music and MPL confirm the release of the entire Paul McCartney solo catalogue digitally for the first time ever.
"EMI Music has retained Paul McCartney's solo catalogue and is preparing a comprehensive re-launch, including new digital campaigns as well as physical re-releases. This means that, for the very first time, McCartney and Wings albums will be made available across all digital platforms - more details to be announced shortly.
"This amazing catalogue stretches from Paul's first solo album McCartney through his releases with Wings to his latest critically-acclaimed studio album Chaos And Creation In The Backyard. Within these albums lies a breathtaking list of singles including Band On The Run, My Love, Let 'Em In, and Jet."
Apple and The Beatles
The news is sure to throw fans of The Beatles into a frenzy and this clearly opens the door to a release of the Fab Four's catalogue online. It's also something that Apple CEO Steve Jobs has long been waiting for - he said Apple would do "whatever we can" to get The Beatles on to iTunes.
Apple (the computer company) and Apple Corps (The Beatles' company) kissed and made up in February following years of rancour and lawsuits between the two.
Steve Jobs dropped heavy hints about a possible deal during the Apple iPhone launch in January. His presentation made frequent references to The Beatles. And they even placed music from and the artwork to The Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album.
EMI music goes DRM-free
This all dovetails nicely with EMI's move into DRM-free music . EMI announced a tie-in with Apple in March and also has the distribution rights to much of the Beatles' musical output. EMI has already begun making DRM-free content available online including the first album from The Good, The Bad and The Queen .
Paul McCartney releases his next studio album Memory Almost Full on Monday 4th June 2007.
See more Hi-fi & radio news
Amazon overtakes Google and Apple to become the world's most valuable brand


With extensive global management experience to draw on, Intelligent CIO talks to Khalid Jalal, Senior Group ICT Manager at GARMCO, about successful leadership, CIO versatility and the progressive nature of the IT scene in Bahrain.
Khalid Jalal is one of the leading IT figures in Bahrain – a country that is at the sharp end of Digital Transformation.
He has extensive experience across the sector and is now firmly established as the IT leader of Bahrain-based Gulf Aluminium Rolling Mill (GARMCO) with a multitude of global responsibilities.
This is one of the largest downstream aluminium facilities in the Middle East and is a one-stop source for a wide range of premium aluminium flat rolled products, delivered to over 45 countries, directly from the Kingdom of Bahrain.
GARMCO's annual production capacity has been continuously expanded to include high-quality flat rolled aluminium products in various sizes and alloys, including sheets and coils.
These products are exported to key markets around the world – stretching from Australia to the USA – to over 2,000 customers in more than 45 countries.
Established in 1981 by the governments of Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Iraq and Qatar, GARMCO has steadily developed into a truly global organisation with a network of six subsidiaries and its associate companies spanning the Middle East, Asia, Far East, Australia, Europe and the USA.
Today, the group employs over 600 people worldwide, and has an annual turnover exceeding US$450 million.
Not surprisingly, leading its IT operations is a demanding task but Jalal has led by example to deliver outstanding performance – not just at the company's headquarters but also for its global subsidiaries.
After more than five years in his current role, he has been praised by colleagues for his excellent people management skills and has received their respect for his technical knowledge, comprehensive project management skills, as well as his understanding of business needs.
Intelligent CIO talks with him about the need for IT leaders to be excellent communicators, a subject rarely mentioned in the tech community, and the requirement for continuous learning due to the dynamic nature of the IT sector.
We also discuss the importance of IT leaders valuing their team, the versatility demanded of a modern CIO and the advanced nature of the IT scene in Bahrain.


What Is Enterprise Output Manager?
Save money in the future by purchasing Unisys Enterprise Output Manager now, to replace all those other Print Formatting and Distribution software packages. You get online print distribution, printing, and document reengineering in a single Windows-based application.
Enterprise Output Manager (E.O.M.) is a Windows-based application that delivers information where you need it, in a format you can use. You can "unfreeze" application output files produced from most platforms, such as Unisys ClearPath Plus, Windows, IBM, Sun Microsystems, HP, UNIX, and Linux. With Enterprise Output Manager, you can automatically customize and send selected output file data to the destination of your choice: PC, file server, mainframe, email system (for example, MS Outlook or Lotus Notes), fax, CD/DVD, XML file, printer, Web site, PDF file, customer-written program, or software application. In summary, the Enterprise Output Manager information delivery strategy creates many opportunities to reduce costs and improve productivity.
E.O.M. distributes information directly to users, around the world.
It accommodates both distributed and centralized print and data delivery needs. You can use Enterprise Output Manager to customize and distribute/print your data to thousands of network locations. To minimize high-volume printing and distribution costs, any E.O.M. site can send large print jobs to high-speed printers that are located at the distribution centers. You can set up E.O.M. so that, for files meeting your criteria, all such operations are automatic.
Enterprise Output Manager Capabilities Overview.


We can show our theme, Lost in Love, to others in our school and to people in the world. This theme is a very good theme that reminds us to love one another. Like just be nice to each other and show God's love to everyone in the world.
We can show this theme at school. I can show it to people by just simply loving them and showing them God's love by being nice and being a leader to the rest of the school. Or by saying hi to a little kid from your family group in the hallway or showing leadership in chapels,small groups,family groups and everything.We can show our theme, Lost in Love, to others in our school and to people in the world.
As Christians, we can also show this theme to the world. By loving people everywhere you go. Like they should see you and know that you are a christian by how you love people and how you treat people and how you go about life. They should know that we are christians by our love. We should be lost in love.We can show our theme, Lost in Love, to others in our school and to people in the world.
We can show our theme, Lost in Love, to others in our school and to people in the world. I think that it was a perfect theme for our grade to choose because it kinda reminds us that actions speak louder than words.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged 8B, LA, Mrs.Roskamp, Roskamp by cmeyaard22. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Q: How to make TouchableOpacity onlongPress custom duration I would like to make TouchableOpacity to fire event after 5seconds of pressing....
Is there a way to make a custom duration?

A: You can use this prop:
delayLongPress={5000}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Developer, Springfield council at odds with Galloway neighbors over proposed historic site
Katie Kull
News-Leader
Members of Springfield's Galloway neighborhood found themselves at odds once again with a developer and the Springfield City Council over a failed attempt to add a 90-year-old former filling station and general store to the city's list of historic sites.
Armed with the unanimous support of the city's Landmarks Board, the Galloway Village Neighbors came to council Monday night asking to help preserve 3535 S. Lone Pine Ave., which most recently housed the One of a Kind store.
Neighborhood residents said the white building and its offshoots, constructed in 1929, were a key gathering place for the community and one of the last vestiges of a time before the area was undergoing heavy development.
But the neighbors didn't have the support of the property owner, Mitchell Jenkins of Elevation Development Co., which proved to be the deciding factor in their resolution's demise.
Jenkins told council he didn't want the historical designation because he planned to sell the property and he hadn't known about the neighborhood's application until April.
"I feel that this is a threat to our owner's property rights," he said. "This is concerning for us in an area of the community that eagerly desires growth."
Last year, Jenkins purchased the property across from Sequiota Park with the intention of building a mixed-use development with apartments and retail space.
More: Springfield strikers reach deal with company
But his proposal galvanized the neighborhood to fight back, in part because his initial renderings included razing the historic Sequiota Bike Shop building.
Council eventually put Jenkins' project on hold when it placed a nine-month moratorium on development in the area and gave the neighbors time to outline a plan for approved development.
The moratorium is set to expire next month, and neighbors said they wanted extra insurance for their beloved historic buildings, like the former Treadway's General Store & Gas Station.
The historic site designation doesn't protect the building forever, and it doesn't require the property owner's consent.
Once a building is on the Springfield Historic Register, any attempts to alter the exterior or demolish the building require approval by the city's Landmarks Board. If the board denies those plans, the property owner must wait 60 days to apply for the necessary permits.
Several council members said they were conflicted about accepting the neighborhood's application given the importance of history and the apparent lack of communication between the parties. But they couldn't hold the resolution for another meeting due to council rules.
Councilman Craig Hosmer wasn't conflicted, however. He said the store was important to the neighborhood and the developer should be sensitive to the history and character of the place.
More: What's being built on West Sunshine next to the FFO Home store?
"One of the things that was good about Galloway was the charm that those old buildings have, and to build another apartment complex … I think in a way, we as a city are doing something where we can never go back," he said.
Mayor Ken McClure also didn't mince words, calling the tactics by the neighborhood "disrespectful."
"Not to reach out to the property owner in advance ... in my opinion is not appropriate and is inexcusable," he said.
But Ron Boles, a member of the Galloway Village neighborhood, said in an interview it stung to hear the mayor speak that way.
"We weren't trying to be unethical," he said. "We weren't trying to be deceiving or malicious. We were going by the letter of the law and what little advice we have to go by. There's not exactly a playbook on this."
Jenkins didn't respond to a request for comment Tuesday.
But at the meeting, he described the neighbors as unwilling to work with him on his previous projects even when he decided to make the Sequiota Bike Shop a "focal point" of his development.
"We held a ... neighborhood meeting that unfortunately had to stop short due to the hostility," he said.
Boles said he was frustrated the neighborhood didn't get to rebut that characterization in front of council since Jenkins was the last speaker.
"We can agree to disagree, but I don't know what kind of picture he's trying to paint making us out to be the thugs," he said. "It's just sad to see something dismissed, and it's sad to see Galloway going away."
When it came time to vote, the Galloway neighbors initially thought they had gotten their way — five members of council, including Mayor McClure, voted in favor of the resolution.
Then McClure, who had been clear in his intention to vote no, realized he had voted "yes" in error and moved to reconsider the vote. The majority of council obliged, and the final vote had four council members in favor.
Ultimately, council voted 5-4 against putting the property on the Springfield Historic Register. Zone 4 Councilman Matthew Simpson, Zone 2 Councilman Mike Schilling and general Councilmen Andrew Lear and Hosmer voted in favor of it.


can tone it down a bit.
From the main Outlook window, click File ➝ Options (Alt, F, I), and then select Mail.
notification method you don't want. Click OK to save your changes.
you empty the trash, which removes them permanently.
bottom of the shortcut menu.
in the folder. Click Yes, and you've taken out the trash.
In your inbox, the subject of any message you haven't read yet appears as bold text.
inbox no longer displays that message's subject as bold; it's just normal text.
section and click Mark Unread (Alt, H, U).


Illinois lawmakers appear determined to delay a resolution of state budget problems until the last possible moment before a new budget year begins.
Called back to Springfield on Tuesday by Gov. Pat Quinn, who wants lawmakers to approve an income tax hike, both the House and Senate met only briefly before adjourning without taking any action.
In fact, after a two-hour plus meeting with legislative leaders Tuesday night, Quinn said lawmakers will leave Springfield Wednesday with plans to return next week.
"We will hopefully get the job done," Quinn said.
The state's new fiscal year starts July 1.
Rep. Frank Mautino, D-Spring Valley, said lawmakers will take up issuing $2.2 billion in pension obligation "notes." That would essentially free up money that could then be used to pay for human service programs that now face severe cuts. It would also mean the state pays the full amount into the pension systems so they do not fall further into debt. Notes are issued for a shorter term than bonds, saving the state interest money over the life of the issue.
"I think it's a good fiscal tool to help us balance our budget," Quinn said of the proposal.
Mautino said the maneuver would allow human service grants to be funded at approximately 70 percent of their full cost. A budget approved by the General Assembly in May only provided for about 50 percent funding.
Quinn initially said he wanted lawmakers to take another stab at approving an income tax hike by Wednesday. But when he arrived at the Capitol on Tuesday, he softened that deadline.
"Hopefully, we are done by next Tuesday at midnight," Quinn said. "I'm prepared to wait to get the job done, whatever it takes."
Quinn's office has outlined drastic cuts that it says will be necessary if lawmakers to not approve an income tax hike. That includes cutting off money to community providers and laying off 10,000 state workers. However, Quinn didn't directly answer questions about when those cuts would be implemented.
"I'm not going to preside over a dismantling of that fundamental human safety net," Quinn said. "I just can't believe that legislators of both parties will accept that kind of dire outcome."
Quinn held private meetings with the various General Assembly caucuses except the House Republicans, the one minority party group whose votes are essential to approve an income tax hike. When a Quinn meeting with House Democrats ran long, the House Republicans left, planning to meet with Quinn on Wednesday.
House Democrats said they wanted more details from Quinn about which programs will be funded and which would still be cut under various budget scenarios. They said Quinn assured them he would provide those details.
Meanwhile, Comptroller Dan Hynes sent a letter to Quinn criticizing the governor's approach to the budget problems.
"I believe you have needlessly incited fear and panic among those who rely on state-funded human services," Hynes wrote.
He said lawmakers should approve a 60-day budget, then embark on a complete review of state spending to see what can be cut without harming the public. Hynes said consulting contracts could be cut, eliminating "non-essential" programs like foreign trade offices and the state airplanes. Hynes said the possible $1.2 billion in savings from that would have to be augmented with new revenue, including from expanding gambling and by taxing "luxury" services like travel services and tanning salons.


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Mitsubishi Rayon to Double Carbon Fibre Production Capacity in U.S.
By Andrew Brooks
In Business NewsInvestmentsNews
Mitsubishi Rayon has announced plans to expand production capacity of the carbon fibre plant at its Headquarters in Irvine, California.
The company plans to install new facilities capable of 2,000 tons of annual carbon fibre production at its existing site in Sacramento, California. The site expansion, scheduled to be completed by mid–2016, will double the annual production capacity of currently 2,000 tons up to 4,000 tons.
Worldwide demand for carbon fibre is increasing for industrial applications at an annual rate of more than 20%. Among industrial applications, carbon fibre reinforced pressure vessels are becoming widely used for CNG fuel tanks as well as large-scale CNG transporting vessels. In particular, large buses and trucks proceed with fuel conversion toward CNG; all due to the increased cost efficiency of using natural gas partly attributed to shale gas development and the tightening of automobile exhaust gas regulations.
MRC will utilise MRCFAC as production centre of high-performance regular tow carbon fibre to serve the growing demand in the North American market, while also expanding value chains related to industrial applications including pressure vessels, windmills, and automobiles.
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Strata & Solvay Complete Construction of New Composites Facility in Al Ain
Previous U.S. Navy Testing Radar Absorbing Carbon Fibre Clouds to Hide Ships
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Paul Smith Callaway,  (August 16, 1909 – March 21, 1995)  was a prominent American organist and choral conductor, particularly well known for his thirty-eight years at the Washington National Cathedral, Washington, D.C., between 1939–1977. A friend of Leonard Bernstein and Ned Rorem, he was also active in opera and a frequent guest conductor of the Lake George Opera Company (now Saratoga Opera) and was the founding musical director of the Opera Society of Washington in 1956, now the renowned Washington National Opera. By the time of his death in 1995, he was acclaimed for his great influence on the musical life of the nation's capital. In 1977, Callaway was appointed an Honorary Officer of The Order of the British Empire (OBE) and invested by Ambassador Peter Jay on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II.

Early years and education
Born in Atlanta, Illinois, in 1909, Callaway attended Westminster College, Missouri, and subsequently studied organ with T. Tertius Noble (1930–1935), followed by studies with Leo Sowerby at the American Conservatory of Music in Chicago and then Marcel Dupré in Paris. While pursuing his advanced studies, Callaway was organist and choirmaster at St. Thomas Chapel in New York (1930–1935) and later St. Mark's Episcopal Church in Grand Rapids, Michigan (1935–1939).

At Washington National Cathedral
On September 1, 1939, Callaway became organist and choirmaster at the Washington National Cathedral, where he founded the Cathedral Choral Society in 1941. During World War II, Callaway was drafted into the Army as a bandmaster in the South Pacific., returning in May 1946.  During his tenure at the Cathedral, Callaway expanded the music program's support of American liturgical music and also oversaw considerable expansion of the organ in the 1950s–1970s as construction of the Cathedral's nave was completed. He was quite short in stature, necessitating the installation of a custom-made adjustable pedalboard operated hydraulically so that the diminutive organist could comfortably reach the pedals of the Washington Cathedral's organ.

Notable appearances
In addition to his principal duties at the Cathedral, Callaway frequently served as a guest conductor at prominent venues. He was a guest conductor of Washington's National Symphony Orchestra and also conducted the world premiere of Gian Carlo Menotti's ballet, The Unicorn, the Gorgon, and the Manticore in 1956. At New York City's Riverside Church in December 1962, he conducted the world premiere of John La Montaine's religious opera Novellis Novellis about the  Annunciation.
Other La Montaine operas conducted by Callaway at their world premiers were The Shephardes Playe and Play of Herode. Callaway was the founding music director of the Washington National Opera in 1956. He played the solo organ part in the world premiere of Samuel Barber's Toccata Festiva in 1960 with the Philadelphia Orchestra, conducted by Eugene Ormandy.

On April 17, 1966, Callaway directed the 51-voice choir of the Washington National Cathedral at Westminster Abbey in London. It was the first time an American choral group had sung there and an American flag was raised outside the Abbey for the occasion.

Works
Callaway's works include The Great Organ of Washington Cathedral, recorded in 1974, An hymne of heavenly love, composed in the late-1930s while at St. Mark's Episcopal Church in Grand Rapids., and "Hark! the Glad Sound!" composed in December 1944 for the Cathedral Choral Society.

Retirement and death
Upon Callaway's retirement as the Cathedral's third organist and choirmaster in 1977, he was succeeded by assistant organist Richard Wayne Dirksen, the Canon Precentor. Washington Post music critic Paul Hume said of Callaway at the time, "It seems incontrovertible that he has had a larger influence on the musical life of this city than any other person". Callaway then served as organist and choirmaster at St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Washington. He was a member of the Church of the Ascension and Saint Agnes in Washington, where his requiem was held following his death from cancer on March 21, 1995. A memorial tuba rank was installed on the organ of the Church of the Ascension and Saint Agnes in his memory.

References

1909 births
American classical organists
American male organists
Cathedral organists
Westminster College (Missouri) alumni
1995 deaths
Musicians from Washington, D.C.
People from Atlanta, Illinois
20th-century classical musicians
20th-century American musicians
American Conservatory of Music alumni
20th-century organists
20th-century American male musicians
Male classical organists


Image Title: Lenox China Autumn Small Oval Serving Platter 13 1 2 Gold Stamp For Decorations 19. Filename: lenox-china-autumn-small-oval-serving-platter-13-1-2-gold-stamp-for-decorations-19.jpg. Image Dimension: 1000 x 750 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Ernie Ondricka. Uploaded Date: Sunday - June 10th. 2018 03:31:13 AM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: housetohome.co.uk.
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Brazil, the world's fifth largest country, is famous for its natural beauty and vibrant energy. Brazilian people, with rich African, European, Asian, and Middle Eastern heritages, are known for their warmth, openness, and humor. As one of the most beloved cultures in the world, you may already be familiar with its Bossa Nova music, Carnaval, the dazzling array of cuisines, capoeira, soccer, and love for celebration.
A city of some 11 million people, São Paulo is South America's financial powerhouse and melting pot. The city, also known as "Sampa", has Michelin-starred restaurants, architectural masterpieces, a dizzying artistic culture, and contagious social energy. It is home to some of the world's largest diasporas, as seen in neighborhoods such as traditionally-Japanese Liberdade or historically-Italian Bixiga. Our faculty often opt to live in a range of similarly vibrant neighborhoods, such as Morumbi, Itaim, Moema, Pinheiros, and Vila Madalena.
Time Out São Paulo - An English-language magazine/guide to São Paulo events and highlights.
New York Times, "36 Hours in São Paulo" - a classic article that captures the enormity and vibrancy of the city.
Monocle, São Paulo 25/25 - a handy snapshot of tips and highlights for visitors. Print a PDF version to have on hand as you explore the city.
With its vast and varied territory, Brazil is an incredible country to explore. The Graded curriculum has several trips built into it, starting in fourth grade. As South America's major hub, São Paulo is the perfect jumping off point to explore the country and continent.


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Fortingall Hotels
Hotels in Fortingall, United Kingdom
Search & Compare Fortingall Hotels
Map of Fortingall hotels
Best hotels in Fortingall
What's Fortingall Like?
Fortingall is a relaxing place known for its restaurants and bars. Fortingall might not have many well-known attractions, but you don't need to travel far to find places worth a visit like Loch Tay and Taymouth Castle. In the surrounding area, you won't want to miss out on seeing Fortingall Yew and Scottish Crannog Centre.
Things to See and Do in Fortingall
Things to See near Fortingall:
• Loch Tay (5.3 mi/8.5 km from the city center)
• Taymouth Castle (2.8 mi/4.4 km from the city center)
• Schiehallion (6.1 mi/9.9 km from the city center)
• Castle Menzies (6.5 mi/10.4 km from the city center)
• Ben Lawers (7 mi/11.3 km from the city center)
Things to Do near Fortingall:
• Scottish Crannog Centre (1.4 mi/2.3 km from the city center)
• Mains of Taymouth Golf Course (1.8 mi/2.9 km from the city center)
• Bolfracks Garden (5.8 mi/9.3 km from the city center)
• Dewar's World of Whisky (8.1 mi/13 km from the city center)


Wolky shoes and sandals are designed with care, respect, and attention to detail. The craftsmanship offers comfort, the styling guarantees grace, and the materials - from heel to toe - will give you lasting value. Wolky provides the world's finest fashion comfort footwear to ensure that you can put your best foot forward with healthy support and fashionable style.


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A Associação Nacional de História (ANPUH) é uma associação civil sem fins lucrativos que organiza e representa os historiadores do Brasil (professores e pesquisadores) e fomenta o estudo e o ensino de história. A ANPUH é associada à Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência na área de Ciências Humanas.

História
Fundada em 19 de outubro de 1961 na cidade de Marília (São Paulo) como Associação Nacional dos Professores Universitários de História no âmbito dos profissionais ligados aos cursos de graduação e de pós-graduação em História, a instituição foi gradativamente ampliando sua base de associados, incorporando também professores dos ensinos fundamental e médio e, mais recentemente, profissionais atuantes nos arquivos públicos e privados e em instituições de patrimônio e memória espalhadas por todo o país.

A partir de 1993, a abertura da entidade ao conjunto dos profissionais ligados à área de história levou também à mudança do nome, que passou a se chamar Associação Nacional de História, preservando-se contudo o acrônimo que a identifica há mais de 40 anos.

Atividades
A cada dois anos, a ANPUH realiza o Simpósio Nacional de História. No intervalo entre dois simpósios nacionais, as Seções Regionais organizam seus respectivos encontros estaduais.

Publicações
A ANPUH também é responsável pelos periódicos Revista Brasileira de História e Revista História Hoje, esta dedicada à temática de História e Ensino.

Ver também

 Lista de sociedades científicas associadas da SBPC

Referências

Ligações externas

História do Brasil
Associações do Brasil
Academias e sociedades científicas do Brasil
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Wikiconcurso de edição)


Of each of the resources and utensils applied from the kitchen today, it really is likely the knife that benefits essentially the most mindful assortment. After you take into consideration it, a knife is undoubtedly an extension of your respective hand. To fillet, slice and chop involves handbook dexterity. If a knife permits you to maneuver and tackle your elements inside of a purely natural and straightforward way, this will likely include to your cooking enjoyment and mastery cold steel.
There are actually a large number of cooks knives available right now. Furthermore into the top quality standard European makes this sort of as Henckels, Wusthof and Sabatier, there's a intriguing array of Japanese and oriental brands, this sort of as World wide, I.O. Shen, Tojiro and Kai. These Japanese brand names are usually created of more difficult metal and also have thinner blades. They maintain their edge for longer and are sharper, producing them great for precision and accuracy. Nonetheless they do consider for a longer time to sharpen and retain than their European counterparts, that are typically regarded as easier to appear immediately after, extra strong and terrific for chopping for instance.
Substance: Higher carbon steel is generally thought of the ideal performer, but can discolor with use, though that is purely cosmetic. Substantial carbon stainless steel is actually a common selection, will seem terrific and can just take and sustain a sharp edge. Chrome steel is generally less costly, will retain its good looks but is just not challenging enough to maintain the absolute best edge. Ceramic blades are so difficult which they will preserve a sharp edge for months or years with tiny routine maintenance. However, they're more expensive to purchase and will need diamond-sharpening.
Handles: The following materials choice to look at is to the handle. Handles commonly drop into 3 categories; wooden, stainless steel or composition. Some chefs desire the come to feel of wood although wood will not be authorized in many commercial kitchens. Composition handles assist make sure a safe grip on the knife when dealing with damp items, and therefore are frequently most well-liked in excess of additional slippery chrome steel. On the other hand, both equally are sanitary and practically maintenance-free.
Styles of knives: There are many projects while in the cooking area which, if done frequently, warrant owning a particular knife to the position. However, you'll find three knives that can most likely see the most dress in and tear; a chef's knife, a paring knife along with a serrated knife.
A good chef's knife will normally use a blade 6″ – 12″ prolonged. It's going to be used for slicing, dicing, chopping and mincing. I'm able to even be used for boning massive cuts of meat if you really don't have got a cleaver. The facet with the blade is terrific for crushing garlic and so on.
A paring knife may have a 3-4″ lengthy blade and can be used for peeling and paring fruit and greens and for trimming where a bigger blade could be cumbersome knives.
A serrated blade is used for cutting via bread, bagels, baguettes and so on and may have a very blade log enough to cut through a large loaf or a sandwich cake.
These 3 kitchen work-horses will serve you very well and, if you're on the restricted finances, will serve most functions.
If selected correctly, a quality established of cooks knives will increase your cooking satisfaction and become a valuable expense for years to come back.


These Japanese translations are now becoming more available for free download in pdf format. Several key translations have already been made available through the ICRP website for free download. Effective immediately, Japanese translations of ICRP Publications 1-10, 10A, 12, 13, 15-17, 21-22, 25-29, and 30 Parts 1-4 are also available.


Come to the Table...: Kirkepiscatoid: "Oh, you wanted me to GUARD the sheep?"
we say we, churces, want to be places of compassion and hope, we want to "grow", we want people to come and be a part of our community. And then we fail to acknowledge our dark side, the place where abuse takes place in many forms and is tolerated. It's not just CSM but abuse in many forms - parishioners gossiping and abusing other parishioners with cruelity, parishioners abusing their clergy - not usually sexual abuse, but abuse nonetheless - and ALL allowed to remain hidden, not discussed, and secretive. And tolerated. All because we don't really understand what it means to love and forgive - we mistake the heart and truth of those actions (love and forgiveness) for silence and tolerance of abuse.
I'm sorry for your friend, for her abuse, and the added pain of struggling to find a safe way to move forward.
Thanks for the blog shout-out, Catherine, and thanks for your bravery.
I also appreciate Mompriest's comment. One can argue that she brings up the most important thing, the need for this "code of slience" to be broken on many fronts.
Churches are difficult places to break the "code of silence" because we all want to be "nice" at church, right? Not to mention churches have their own rules, their own forms of discipline, and we tend to not think of them in the ways we do secular civil law.
But as children of the light, we need to learn to call the darkness what it is.
Dear Mompriest, that she is me.
Thank you for sharing this post. The statistics you reported are shocking!


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Remembering Revolutionary Community Scholar Grace Lee Boggs (1915-2015)
It is with a heavy heart and great sadness that the UCLA Asian American Studies Center and Department read the news of the passing of the remarkable and revolutionary activist scholar Grace Lee Boggs. She is well-regarded for her bold theories in advancing social movements at the intersections of black radical thought, labor, civil rights, environmental justice, feminism, and praxis. For many in Asian America, Grace Lee Boggs is an inspiration and represents how Asian Americans, in particular female activists, could work in coalition with Black and other social justice movements.
Based in Detroit, she was a co-founder of Detroit Summer and the Boggs Center, but her impact was felt beyond that city. Grace Lee Boggs engaged students, researchers, staff, and faculty across the nation in meaningful discussions at universities, such as UCLA Asian Americans Studies and beyond. In 1970, she spoke at the Asian-American Reality Conference at Pace College in New York, and expressed, " Revolutionary students are those who have the courage both to develop and to internalize revolutionary ideas and to relate these ideas to the people in the community, to learn from them as well as to teach them." [December 6, 1970. Copy of talk provided by the UCLA Asian American Studies Center Reading Room/Library]
In 1998, the Center had the distinct honor and privilege of co-hosting a conference, "Serve the People: Asian American Community Activism", which featured Grace Lee Boggs along with legendary activists Yuri Kochiyama, Bill Gallegos, and Leon Watson in a plenary panel entitled, "Interracial Unity and the Struggle for Liberation". This event was organized by students and activists, such as Scott Kurashige, who was a UCLA Asian American Studies MA student at the time and is now professor at University of Washington, Bothell. Kurashige co-authored a book with Grace Lee Boggs -- The Next American Revolution: Sustainable Activism for the Twenty-First Century in 2011.
Grace Lee Boggs gifted us and future generations with a body of work and scholarship that is second to none. The Asian American Studies Center's Press was fortunate to publish a few of her rare and powerful works in Asian Americans on War and Peace and in Amerasia Journal (Issue 25:2 "Crossing the Color Line: The End of the 20th Century" and Issue 26:3 "Across the Colorline 2001"). Jennifer Jung Hee Choi also profiled Lee Boggs in the article "At the Margins of the Asian American Political Experience: The Life of Grace Lee Boggs" that was featured in issue Amerasia Journal 25:2.
Most recently, the Center, through the generosity of the Yuji Ichioka and Emma Gee Endowed Fund in Social Justice and Immigration Studies, co-sponsored a community event "Grace Lee Boggs: A Conversation on Revolution" in June 2013, which allowed Grace Lee Boggs to travel to Los Angeles and share insights on the direction and future of activism, in particular how we think about revolution and evolution. Lee Boggs teachings and scholarship remain among the most significant studies of how we critically think about race relations, capitalism and revolution in America.
Grace Lee Boggs died at the age of 100 in Detroit.
Our deepest condolences go out to her family and friends. May she rest in power and peace and the impact of her teachings and activis


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LegCo Panel on Education visits Parliament of Finland (with photos)
The following is issued on behalf of the Legislative Council Secretariat:
The delegation of the Legislative Council (LegCo) Panel on Education continued its duty visit in Helsinki, Finland yesterday (September 11, Helsinki time) and visited the Parliament of Finland.
The delegation started the day by visiting Töölön Upper Secondary School. Members were briefed by the Principal, Ms Pirkko Majakangas, on the upper secondary education system of Finland.
Members of the delegation then visited the Parliament of Finland and exchanged views with members of the Education and Culture Committee of the Parliament of Finland on key issues and challenges in education.
The delegation also attended a lunch meeting hosted by the Second Deputy Speaker of the Parliament of Finland, Mr Juho Eerola, to gain a better understanding on the latest development in rules and practices of the Finnish Parliament. Members then toured the Building of the Parliament of Finland and observed the proceedings of the plenary session.
The delegation then departed for Oulu, the largest city in Northern Finland, in the evening.
The delegation will visit the University of Oulu and its Teacher Training School, today (September 12, Helsinki time).
SNP must work 'proactively' to tackle shortage of residential drug rehab Councils awarded over £750,000 to improve services through digital technology


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Targeting Myotonic Dystrophy with Small Molecules
Coonrod, Leslie
Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is one of the most common forms of muscular dystrophy, characterized by its hallmark symptom myotonia. DM is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a toxic gain of function RNA. The toxic RNA is produced from expanded non-coding CTG/CCTG repeats, and these CUG/CCUG repeats sequester a family of RNA binding proteins. The Muscleblind-like (MBNL) family of RNA binding proteins are sequestered to the expanded CUG/CCUG repeats. The MBNL proteins are regulators of alternative splicing, and their sequestration to the toxic RNA leads to mis-splicing events, which are believed to cause the symptoms observed in DM patients. A previously reported screen for small molecules used to identify compounds that could disrupt MBNL from binding the toxic CUG repeats found that pentamidine was able to rescue splicing defects associated with DM. Herein, we present a new class of molecules (phenolsulphonphthaleins) that inhibited MBNL1/CUG repeat complex formation in a competitive electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Additionally, one of these molecules, bromophenol blue (BPB), acted in a synergistic manner with the previously described inhibitor pentamidine. We also demonstrated that the halogenation of the phenolsulphonphthalein dyes is an important factor for activity. Moreover, we presentant analysis of a series of methylene linker variants of pentamidine that revealed heptamidine (an analog of pentamidine) could reverse splicing defects in a DM1 tissue culture model and rescue myotonia in a DM1 mouse model. Finally, we report on a new crystal structure of CUG repeats, crystallized in the context of a GAAA tetraloop/receptor which facilitated ordered packing within the crystal. This structure was consistent with previous structures showing that the repeats are essentially A-form RNA, despite having a U-U mismatch every third base pair. We also identified six types of U-U mismatch in the context of the 5'CUG/3'GUC motif, suggesting that the interactions between the uridines are dynamic. This structure also contains the highest resolution GAAA tetraloop/receptor structure (1.95 Å) reported to date. This dissertation includes previously unpublished co-authored material.
Coonrod_oregon_0171A_10367.pdf
View / Open Coonrod_oregon_0171A_10367.pdf (format: PDF)
Biology Theses and Dissertations [256]


With an increase in the number of people deciding to purchase conservatories in 2018 it is important to find the right company to use for your new conservatory and one that you trust to get the job done on time and one that focuses on the quality of the conservatory roof. Failure to have a tiled conservatory roof can cause a variety of problems for you and your home and in some cases means that your conservatories are unusable during summer and the winter months! This is due to the poor insulation and heat retention properties with traditional materials used for roofs. Here at Guardian Roofs we are specialists at installing the Guardian Warm Roof and we have been working in the conservatory roofing industry for the past 10 years and in that time constantly review the service we offer and listen to what our customers say to ensure that our customers are constantly satisfied with the conservatory roofs that we offer and supply.
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Here at Guardian Roofs UK we are proud to offer the Guardian Warm Roof to all of our customers across the entirety of the UK and still ensure a local service through our team Guardian Members. The Guardian Warm Roof is essentially a solid lightweight tiled alternative to the traditional Glass and Polycarbonate roofs. The roof directly corrects the problems experienced with traditional roofs and allows you to use your conservatory throughout the year no matter what weather. The Roof itself is able to produce a U Value of 0.18 which is a lot lower than traditional conservatory roofs and means that during the winter months your heating bills will be a lot lower than usual. The Guardian Warm Roof comes in a variety of styles to suit your taste and preference and allows you to fully customise your conservatory. In addition to the style of the conservatory, you can also change the finish of your conservatory which relates to the material used on top of the conservatory, we have a variety of our own slate products and also can use the Metrotile on the roof to allow your new conservatory roof to fit in seamlessly with the rest of your homes aesthetic appearance.
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Where is your nearest Conservatory Roof Company?
We have team Guardian members across the whole of the UK and ensure national coverage with a local service. You can find your nearest Guardian Warm Roof Approved installer by heading over to the link provided. The good thing about having an installer local to you is that if there are ever any problems with your Tiled Conservatory then we can be on hand promptly to sort and fix the problem.
Who are Guardian Roofs UK?
Guardian Roofs UK has over 10 years of experience in the Guardian Roofing industry and in that time we have been dedicated to ensuring that standards are constantly raised within the conservatory roofing industry and that customers are always pleased with our Tiled Conservatory Roofs. Something we are extremely proud of is our installation time. We install conservatory roofs in as little as 3 days and if we start a job on a Monday we guarantee to be finished by the Friday we are able to do this because the Guardian Warm Roofs are prefabricated and manufactured in a warehouse away from the installation site which speeds up our job massively.
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