Ekorrrbo Crafts lies 5 km from Ånäset in the direction of Burträsk in the eastern part of the village of Estersmark. This former farmstead, which is nestled up a hill surrounded by trees overlooking beautiful fertile farmland, is home to the Holmstroem family since 1990.
"We are a family company which produces genuine craft, which is all done by hand. Our philosophy is to use craftsmanship in wood and textile techniques where old and new traditions are combined in close harmony with nature. Our shop and workshop is based on our farmstead as we enjoy having personal contact with our customers. We also offer designer gifts based on customer wishes. Our goal is for all generations to enjoy themselves with us.


10: Inappropriate speed – You should drive at a speed suitable for each road and not unnecessarily hold up traffic. Driving too slow is likely to marked as a driving fault and driving much slower than necessary is the 10th most common reason for failing the driving test.
See Progress – Main roads.
9: Turn in the road – People messing up on this exercise is the ninth most common reason for failing the test. You should be able to carry out this manoeuvre showing good control with all round observation, including the rear view check on reversing which is often missed.
See Turn in the road.
8: Lack of steering control – You will need to steer at the correct time for the speed you are driving at with enough steering to maintain control and road position. The tighter the turn then the slower the speed, with the correct gear selected. Hitting the kerb can also be marked as a steering fault.
7: Reversing around a corner – In at number seven is the exercise which requires reversing into a side road on the left. Like all manoeuvres good observations all around is very important and you must stay reasonably close to the kerb on this exercise without hitting it or going too wide.
6: Incorrect positioning: You must make sure you're in the correct position for the direction you're taking. Get in the correct lane early when necessary, look out for road signs and markings. Go the wrong way if necessary.
See Emerging and Approaching junctions to view examples of when to take up various road positions.
5: Use of signals – Failing to signal correctly is the fifth most common reason for failing the test. This may be failing to apply a signal in good time so other road users have enough warning of your intentions, it may be a confusing signal that was applied or simply not applying one when necessary.
4: Moving away safely – Failing to move off under full control and/or without checking properly. You must move off checking mirrors and any blind spots, without causing anyone to change speed or direction as you do so.
See Moving off and stopping.
3: Use of Mirrors – The third biggest reason for failure is not looking in the mirrors when necessary. You must use the mirrors well before changing speed and or direction and act on what you see. It is really important that both the interior and the relevant door mirrors are checked, especially when changing lanes.
2: Reverse parking – The second most common reason for failing is people messing up one of the parking manoeuvres. The observation must be maintained and you must get reasonably accurate, correcting yourself if necessary.
See Parallel Parking and Reversing into a bay.
1: Observation at junctions – The number one reason why people fail their driving test is due to the lack of sufficient observations at junctions to enable them to emerge or turn into a new road safely. You must give priority where necessary and not cause anyone to change speed or direction. You must stop at stop signs to allow proper observations.


A Grundoburst 400G supplied by TT-UK to leading Outer Hebrides contractor Duncan Mackay & Sons, has recently completed some demanding pipe bursting work in Dock Road and South Beach Street in Stornoway, Isle of Lewis, Scotland.
TT-UK Training and Assessment Manager, Lloyd Richards, provided the theoretical and safe working insight of the bursting technique, followed by two days of practical on site tuition bursting 55m on the first day and on the next day 70m of 4� water main was replaced with 125mm PE pipe in mixed ground conditions comprising sandstone beach shingle; additionally, several previous repair collars on the old pipe needed to be overcome. The specialist pipe bursting roller blade tooling purchased with the Grundoburst 400G overcame these problems easily with no serious down time.
Several visitors from Scottish Water and Highlands & Islands Road & Street Council, as well as senior members of Duncan Mackay & Sons, were all present on the second day�s bursting. The feedback from all present was tremendous because South Beach Street is the main street leading down to Stornoway Harbour and the disruption to replace this water main via �open cut� would have been unthinkable.
Hector Mackay and his working gang were delighted with the performance of their newly acquired Grundoburst 400G and have many more kilometres to burst in the coming months.


Crime Log is a compilation of items taken from Hamtramck Police Department Reports from between the dates of Thursday, May 31 and Wednesday, June 6.
	A man was arrested after he was spotted driving a Chevrolet vehicle that had been reported stolen by Detroit Police.
	A woman reported that someone stole her vehicle from a location in the 3200 block of Jacob, but then returned it sometime later. It had been damaged.
	A woman living in the 9300 block of McDougall reported that someone broke into her garage, although she found nothing to be missing.
	A man living in the 9000 block of Jos. Campau reported that someone stole the catalytic converter from his vehicle while it was parked in front of his home.
	Officers recovered a bike and two jackets in an alley near to where they had been investigating an attempted larceny in the 2300 block of Commor.
	A man came into the station to report that someone had stolen his 1993 Plymouth from in front of his home in the 2200 block of Faber.
	A person was arrested for being disorderly, and during a pat-down search, it was revealed that they were carrying a loaded five-shot revolver in an ankle holster on their left foot.
	A man came into the station to report that someone had unlawfully entered his rental property in the 5000 block of Evaline and stolen two water heaters.
	A man was arrested after striking a parked vehicle with the one he was driving, in a location in the 3400 block of Yemans, and then fleeing the scene of the accident. After officers found him, the vehicle was also impounded.
	Officers arrested a man in the 2200 block of Danforth after he attempted to assault a woman, perhaps known to him, with a drinking glass.
	Two juveniles, both of Detroit, were arrested on knife possession and curfew violations after officers investigated a complaint that they were checking out car door handles in the Evaline and Charest area at about 11 p.m. A parental responsibility ticket was issued for each.
	A man reported his 2001 Dodge Durango SUV, license plate BAX 3119, taken from the 2200 block of Alice earlier on this date, between 12:30 and 7 a.m.
	A woman reported her 1998 Dodge Caravan van, license plate CDD 3412, taken from the 2300 block of Evaline sometime between the day before, 6/1, at 4 p.m. and this date at 11:10 a.m.
	A man reported being assaulted by another man with a knife while in the area of Jos. Campau and Lehman on yesterday's date.
	A woman living on Caniff was arrested for felony-level property destruction, as well as obstructing arrest, and also for assaulting officers, after she was seen by officers throwing concrete and severely damaging a vehicle in the Brombach and Yemans area, and then attempting to flee on foot, just before 8 p.m.
	A man reported that someone had tried to steal his 2001 Dodge Durango SUV, license plate BRN 7417, from in the 2300 block of an otherwise-unidentified street, sometime between yesterday's date at 6 p.m. and this morning at 9 a.m.
	A man reported the theft of six shrubs from a location in the 3900 block of Miller.
	A man reported that someone had used his identity to open numerous accounts of (an) unspecified type(s) while he was out of the country.
	A woman reported that a heavy-set white male, wearing a blue shirt and blue jeans, came to her door stating that he was with DTE Energy. She noticed that his story changed several times, until her son came downstairs, whereupon the man fled in a black Chrysler Sebring. There were two other men in the car already, another white male and an Arabic male.
	A woman living in the 2600 block of Trowbridge reported that a vehicle (not described) tried to strike her when she crossed the street.
	A man reported his 1998 Dodge Caravan, license plate CKU 9838, stolen from a location in the 3900 block of Evaline sometime between the previous date at 6 p.m. and this date at 6 a.m.
	A man reported that someone stole his 1996 Jeep, license plate CJL 7469, from in front of a location in the 3300 block of Holbrook sometime between the previous date at 6 p.m. and this date at 8 a.m.
	A woman reported that a man grabbed her purse from off the counter while she was at a drug store in the 9300 block of Jos. Campau. She found the purse right away in the parking lot, and could not determine that anything was missing from it.
	A man living in the 2300 block of Norwalk reported finding a boy in his daughter's room back on Feb. 18 at about 3:30 in the afternoon.
	A woman living in the 12000 block of St. Aubin reported being assaulted by her brother during an argument over money.
	A woman reported that someone used her social security number to file their income taxes.
	A woman reported that someone broke into a building located in Veterans Park at Jos. Campau & Dan.
	A woman living in the 3400 block of Edwin reported being assaulted by her daughter's boyfriend during an argument.
	An officer, along with Hamtramck firefighters, responded to a black Ford pickup truck that was ablaze in the 2000 block of Belmont. Arson is suspected in the incident.
	A man reported his Dodge Caravan, license plate 8 JQF 08, stolen from in front of his residence (no street given).
	A woman reported that someone fraudulently used her identity to rack up a $393.56 bill at Henry Ford Hospital.
	A man reported that someone took his 1998 Dodge (no model or license plate given) from in front of a location in the 2900 block of Roosevelt, sometime on this date between midnight and 9 a.m.
	A man reported having his cell phone grabbed out of his hands while in the 9800 block of Jos. Campau, by a black male approximately 20 years old, 6-foot, and wearing a red, black and white football jersey, jeans, and a black cap, who fled north on Jos. Campau and then east on Caniff.
	A woman living in the 12000 block of Selfridge reported that someone broke into her home on the previous day. No mention of what was taken, if anything.
	A woman reported that someone damaged her vehicle while it was parked in the 3100 block of Jos. Campau.
	A man reported the theft of three pine trees from his front yard, sometime between 10 p.m. the previous night and 11:30 a.m. on this date. Address not given.
	A man reported being assaulted by someone using their shoe as a weapon this previous Monday at around midnight, while he was in the 11700 block of Moran. No description of the suspect.
	A man was arrested at 10 a.m. after a traffic stop showed him to be under the influence and in the company of a suspected female prostitute, who was also arrested for an open intoxicant and possession of narcotics paraphernalia. The man's vehicle was forfeited and towed.
	A man living in the 2200 block of Bernard reported that someone damaged his vehicle at approximately 5 a.m. on today's date, while it was parked out in front of his home.
Officers also made two arrests for driving on suspended licenses; three for outstanding warrants (one including possession of narcotics paraphernalia); five for presenting officers with fraudulent auto insurance; one for repeated loitering/sleeping on the street; two for other domestic violence incidents; and one for disorderly conduct.
They wrote three ordinance violations, one for marijuana possession, one for possession of narcotics paraphernalia and one unspecified.
They took reports of two missing juveniles (one turned back up); the theft of a wallet; a cross-complaint of assault; one incidence of threatening text messages and three of threatening phone calls; one false claim of committing a crime; two cases of theft of appliances by former tenants; and one case of a fraudulent check passed at a payment center.
They investigated two building alarms/open doors; 10 auto accidents; took two juveniles to their father's house after they were left alone by the mother; took a dog that had chased a person; recovered a stolen Detroit vehicle; took over a vehicle stolen here; and notified DPW of a boarded up building.


text:
namespace display {

TEST(DisplayTest, WorkArea) {
  Display display(0, gfx::Rect(0, 0, 100, 100));
  EXPECT_EQ("0,0 100x100", display.bounds().ToString());
  EXPECT_EQ("0,0 100x100", display.work_area().ToString());

  display.set_work_area(gfx::Rect(3, 4, 90, 80));
  EXPECT_EQ("0,0 100x100", display.bounds().ToString());
  EXPECT_EQ("3,4 90x80", display.work_area().ToString());

  display.SetScaleAndBounds(1.0f, gfx::Rect(10, 20, 50, 50));
  EXPECT_EQ("10,20 50x50", display.bounds().ToString());
  EXPECT_EQ("13,24 40x30", display.work_area().ToString());

  display.SetSize(gfx::Size(200, 200));
  EXPECT_EQ("13,24 190x180", display.work_area().ToString());

  display.UpdateWorkAreaFromInsets(gfx::Insets(3, 4, 5, 6));
  EXPECT_EQ("14,23 190x192", display.work_area().ToString());
}

TEST(DisplayTest, Scale) {
  Display display(0, gfx::Rect(0, 0, 100, 100));
  display.set_work_area(gfx::Rect(10, 10, 80, 80));
  EXPECT_EQ("0,0 100x100", display.bounds().ToString());
  EXPECT_EQ("10,10 80x80", display.work_area().ToString());

  // Scale it back to 2x
  display.SetScaleAndBounds(2.0f, gfx::Rect(0, 0, 140, 140));
  EXPECT_EQ("0,0 70x70", display.bounds().ToString());
  EXPECT_EQ("10,10 50x50", display.work_area().ToString());

  // Scale it back to 1x
  display.SetScaleAndBounds(1.0f, gfx::Rect(0, 0, 100, 100));
  EXPECT_EQ("0,0 100x100", display.bounds().ToString());
  EXPECT_EQ("10,10 80x80", display.work_area().ToString());
}

// https://crbug.com/517944
TEST(DisplayTest, ForcedDeviceScaleFactorByCommandLine) {
  base::test::ScopedCommandLine scoped_command_line;
  base::CommandLine* command_line = scoped_command_line.GetProcessCommandLine();

  Display::ResetForceDeviceScaleFactorForTesting();

  command_line->AppendSwitch(switches::kForceDeviceScaleFactor);

  EXPECT_EQ(1, Display::GetForcedDeviceScaleFactor());
  Display::ResetForceDeviceScaleFactorForTesting();
}

TEST(DisplayTest, ForcedDeviceScaleFactor) {
  Display::SetForceDeviceScaleFactor(2);

  EXPECT_EQ(2, Display::GetForcedDeviceScaleFactor());
  Display::ResetForceDeviceScaleFactorForTesting();
}

TEST(DisplayTest, DisplayFrequency) {
  Display display(0, gfx::Rect(0, 0, 100, 100));

  display.set_display_frequency(60);
  EXPECT_EQ(60, display.display_frequency());

  display.set_display_frequency(120);
  EXPECT_EQ(120, display.display_frequency());
}

}  // namespace display

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Metallic Tansanite Blue, Luxurious and well priced new shape !!2011!! Mercedes E220 CDI Blue Efficiency SE Automatic!!, !! Superbly finished in classy Tansanite Blue Metallic and beautifully contrasted with a Full Light Grey Leather Interior, Spec Includes Automatic/Tiptronic Gearbox, Mercedes Bluetooth Telephone System, Parktronic/Front & Rear Parking Sensors, 16" 5 Twin Spoke Alloy Wheels, Heated Front Seats, Audio 20 Radio/CD/MP3 Player with 5" Colour Screen, Multi Function Leather Steering Wheel, Automatic Dual-Zone Climate Control System, Dual Front Fog/Spot Lights, Drivers Lumbar Support, Alarm system/interior protection/immobiliser, Electric front/rear windows with one touch/anti pinch, Electric heated + adjustable door mirrors, Height/reach adjust steering wheel, lectronic Stability Program with Anti Skid Control, Partial electric front seats/backrest/height adjustment, Remote Alarm Locking System, Sporty Brushed Aluminium Interior Trim, Cruise Control & Linguatronic., This car is 1 Owner from new with 66,000 Miles covered by a FULL MERCEDES SERVICE HISTORY!


Dental visits sometimes cause people to be frightened of treatments. They despise the kinds of stuff dental practitioners do – the filling, penetrating and breaking the teeth parts. The individual behind the sedative and drill is probably a good person, and you should provide them with an opportunity. Sedation dentistry has helped patients who experience fear and anxiety during dental procedures and treatment.
The dental procedures may sometimes cause a permanent change in the person's look. This can understandably result in a patient's apprehensiveness to move forward with the procedure, as they might not be willing to take that risk. The advantage of sedative dentistry is that the anxiety can be relieved.
Sedation dentistry saves the time spent on one patient thus advantageous to the dentist too. Sedation dentistry is good for patients who are unable to cooperate with the dentist during the dental procedure. Doctors finds it necessary to apply sedative dentistry and proposes it to their patients for an easy time during the procedure to both the patient and the dentist.
When patients are anxious or worried about dental procedures, a dentist who specializes in sedation can be very beneficial. These dentists are well trained in different techniques to help relax their patient and provide life support if needed. Emergency management and conscious sedation are also key aspects of a sedation dentist's training in anesthesiology. Ultimately, their role is to use sedatives in all their forms to continuously manage the patient's comfort.
There are a number of psychological conditions that can pose a challenge during dental procedures. For instance, patients with tremors or other involuntary body movements may well not be able to stay still, which complicates matters for the dentist. In this case, sedation acts as a hero for a tired dentist finding himself in a bind.
Many patients allow fear to keep them from getting proper treatment. They'll go in for minor fixes that fail to correct the underlying problem for fear of undergoing a significant procedure. Due to increased frequency of the more many and easier procedures, the cost of medicine goes up because the patient over time is being administered more medicine. In this way, sedation lets the patient get the proper treatment done right off the bat.
Local anesthesia is often given to patients by the dentist in efforts to eliminate pain. Patients who're uncomfortable about the things they are facing benefit greatly from having somebody accompany them and do the driving to and from the dentist's office. If you are one of the many people who are fearful of needles, there are alternative methods the dentist can use to prevent pain. Luckily, oral sedation and nitrous oxide are both in a position to be administered without the use of any needles.


»Marketing»What if we all rooted for one another in 2019?
What if we all rooted for one another in 2019?
Can we make 2019 the year we root for one another?
We've been through so much disagreement, so much anxiety and distrust. Sometimes it feels like we are on the brink of a civil war, then Netflix launches a movie about not trusting anyone and 'refusing to look at the world around us' and suddenly we all get along again.
Can we make 2019 the year we all not only try to get over our disagreements, but maybe we make it the year we all support and cheer each other on?
Why are we so afraid of success and hard work paying off? He wasn't bragging on social media. He wasn't sending me a message to make me jealous. He was enjoying the fruits of his hard work. I was truly happy for him.
I've had the opportunity to consult a few friends on businesses they started in 2018. I never knew how much fun it could be to see my friends' dreams become realities. Knowing that their families are better off, they are happier, that's the best. I never thought 'I hope they fail!' I deeply feel the opposite. I was raised to believe when others do better we all do! There's no time for jealousy, nothing could be a bigger waste of time.
We spend so much time working. We spend the best years of our life throwing our best hours at projects and careers. We all do. What's the harm in being happy for each other as we reap the rewards of jobs well done?
Can we make 2019 the year we all congratulate one another and feel genuine happiness for their happiness?
Unscientifically speaking, I bet it does wonders on a personal level. I'm not a motivational speaker, but I know there are studies that probably show that those who are happy for others and generally inspired by their success, likely see personal improvement in their own lives.
Conversely I'm sure those who sit around complaining about others and saying things that sound more like jealousy, are likely also not improving their standing at the same time.
I think some believe happiness is zero sum game. That happiness and success is finite and if my Facebook friend is doing well then it is potentially taking away from me. Nothing could be further from the truth. Happiness should breed happiness.
Look at what happens to a city when a group of millionaires win a championship for the city. Very few of us personally gain from that championship beyond the pride we feel. We proudly root them to achieve their highest success.
After the penguins raise the Stanley Cup or the Steelers win a Super Bowl, how many of us sarcastically think 'look at those show offs. Must be nice to be rich, in great shape, and extremely successful!'? None of us. We all get up the next day and grin from ear to ear, so proud of the guys we root for.
Can we make 2019 the year we see the happiness and success of our friends and family with pride and genuine joy? Try it! You'll really like the result.


Theo Cowley is developing an ongoing body of work that addresses culture, theatre and performance and its relation to everyday life. He works with performers and elements from a variety of backgrounds to inform and represent different genres and forms in a capturing and patterning of identity and convention.
Theo Cowley (1976, GB) studied at Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design, London and the Jan van Eyck Academie, Maastricht. His work has been exhibited and presented at Kunstverein Harburger Bahnhof, Hamburg; NICC, Antwerp; Hedah, Maastricht; Weld, Stockholm; Tate Modern, London; Serpentine Gallery, London and Whitechapel Project Space, London.


text:
\section{An emerging new picture for AGN structure}
\label{sect-torus}

Over the last few years, the study of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) has been going through a transformation. In the standard picture, which has been around for more than 30 years (\citealt{Antonucci85}), an obscuring equatorial `torus' is invoked and believed to surround the accreting supermassive black hole at the center. The physical origin of this torus has not been clear, but it is assumed to be more or less static. Its existence unifies the two major AGN categories: those with a face-on, polar, direct view of the nucleus, called Type 1, and those with an edge-on, equatorial view, with the nucleus hidden, called Type 2.

However, recent mid-IR interferometry has shown that a major part of the mid-IR emission, believed to be from the outer warm ($\sim$300K) part of this putative dusty torus, has a {\em polar-elongated} morphology, rather than the expected equatorially elongated structure (e.g., \citealt{Hoenig12,Hoenig13,LopezGonzaga14}; Fig.\ref{windy-torus}a,b). In addition, this polar-elongated dusty gas is in fact considered to be UV-optically-thick, since the measured IR emissivity is 0.2-0.3 and consistent with directly illuminated UV-optically-thick gas (e.g., Fig.3 in \citealt{Hoenig10model}). Furthermore, at the same spatial scale, ALMA is finding a polar outflow (\citealt{GarciaBurillo16,Gallimore16}; Fig.\ref{windy-torus}c), likely to be an inward extension of the 10-100~pc scale bipolar outflow directly resolved by HST (e.g., \citealt{Cecil02}).

Therefore it is quite likely that there is a nuclear, polar outflow which is UV-optically-thick, i.e., participating in obscuring the nucleus. In fact, the interferometric data showing the polar elongation of Type 1, and the whole infrared spectral energy distribution (SED), can be simultaneously modeled by a clumpy torus + wind model (\citealt{Hoenig17}; Fig.1d). Thus, a new observational scenario emerging here is that the torus is actually an {\it obscuring outflow}, with the polar part hollow, in order to have a Type-1 line-of-sight unobscured. This structure is probably driven by radiation pressure on dust grains from the anisotropic, polar-strong UV radiation from the central accretion disk, as illustrated in Fig.1e. This picture is quite consistent with the results of hydrodynamical simulations (\citealt{Wada12}).

This dusty wind is likely giving strong feedback to the host galaxy, which could be regulating the strong correlation between the bulge and black hole mass in galaxies (e.g., \citealt{Ferrarese00}). This would mean that the `torus' - a notion which has been around for so many years - might actually be the exact location of the black hole's feedback to galaxy evolution. We might be able to directly quantify this feedback process by spatially resolving the region itself.

The key for this big advance is the super high spatial resolution -- the torus has been extensively investigated with SED modeling efforts based on a `traditional' equatorial torus picture, but the high angular resolution enabled by IR interferometry is now radically changing the view of this torus structure. The current and coming instrumentation providing high spatial resolution in the thermal infrared emission should thus have considerable discovery potential.

\begin{figure}[!ht]
\includegraphics[width=1.0\textwidth]{windy_torus.jpg}
\caption{\small
{\bf (a)} Mid-IR Gaussian size observed for the southern brightest Type 1 AGN NGC3783 (from \citealt{Hoenig13}). The polar axis direction inferred from optical polarization measurements is indicated.
{\bf (b)} Three-component Gaussian model image of NGC1068 based on mid-IR interferometry data (from \citealt{LopezGonzaga14}), with the linear jet (i.e.,~polar) direction indicated.
{\bf (c)} CO emission peaks observed in the sub-mm, indicated by circles and color-coded with velocities ($<$$-$70 km/s in blue; $>$+70 km/s in red; from \citealt{Gallimore16}).
{\bf (d)} Clumpy torus + wind model for a Type 1 inclination of 25$^{\circ}$ (from \citealt{Hoenig17}).
{\bf (e)} Schematic picture of an obscuring and outflowing torus.
}
\label{windy-torus}
\end{figure}

\section{AGN broad-line region}

Further down in the spatial scale inside the `torus', fast moving clouds are believed to reside in a relatively low density region around the central supermassive black hole, emitting very broad emission lines - the so-called broad-line region (BLR). The broadening of the lines has been believed mainly due to the fast orbital motion of the clouds. Black hole masses in AGNs have been inferred mostly from this supposed rotational speed of the clouds indicated by the width of the lines, thus the region has been playing a major role in Astronomy. However, the assumed `ordered' rotation has never been directly shown until quite recently. Here, a big advance has been achieved by GRAVITY, one of the second-generation instruments at VLTI.

GRAVITY interferometrically combines the beams from the four 8.2~m telescopes at the VLT site, and it can now produce images at a few mas (milli-arcsecond) resolution. This is already fantastic, but this resolution in fact is not good enough for spatially resolving the BLR. Fortunately, the instrument can accurately measure the variation of interferometric phase with wavelength, meaning that it can measure the relative position of the image photo-center within emission lines. Using this capability, the instrument has now captured the BLR of the brightest quasar on the sky, 3C273 at redshift 0.156 -- measuring photo-center displacements across the broad P$\alpha$ line at $\sim$10 {\it micro}-arcsecond (Fig.\ref{gravity}) precision. From the red side to the blue side of the line, the photo-center gradually moves perpendicularly to the system polar axis (known from the jet), indicating an ordered rotation of the BLR (perhaps except for the bluest point; see sect.\ref{sect-line} below). This really shows that IR interferometry has reached a state of maturity where we can now explore the innermost regions of AGNs in exquisite detail.

\begin{figure}[!t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=6in]{GRAVITY_3C273.jpg}
\caption{\small
{\bf (a)} Differential phase spectra of 3C273, showing a systematic phase shift across the P$\alpha$ line.
{\bf (b)} Photo-center at each wavelength bin over P$\alpha$ line wavelengths with ellipticals representing uncertainties.
Both figures are from \cite{GravitySturm18}.
}
\label{gravity}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{interf_feasibility.pdf}
\caption{\small
{\bf (a)} Spatial resolutions of current facilities are shown on the plane of observing wavelength $\lambda$ and baseline $b$, where the dotted lines indicate the limit given by $\lambda/b$. Approximate scales of various regions for nearby AGNs are also shown.
{\bf (b)} AGN targets on the plane of nuclear K mag vs nuclear J mag. The latter approximately represents the optical AO performance. Current and future  interferometric observations' limits are indicated.
}
\end{figure}

\section{Quest for sub-milliarcsec resolution imaging in the infrared}

\subsection{Morphological studies using continuum}

In the new emerging picture of AGNs described in section~\ref{sect-torus}, the outflow is understood to be driven by the radiation pressure on dust, which has been considered as a plausible candidate for the acceleration source (e.g., \citealt{Fabian08}). In this case, the wind launching region is the innermost dusty region, or the dust sublimation region, and this site must be the origin of the AGN feedback on the ambient gas in the host galaxy. We argue here that we will be able to spatially resolve and scrutinize this critical region, and possibly quantify the effect of such interaction processes, if we push our resolving power and sensitivity further.

Since the dust sublimation temperature is expected to be $\sim$1500 K, the continuum emission of the region must be brightest in the near-IR ($\sim$2 $\mu$m). Over the last several years, intensive efforts have been made to spatially resolve this region with interferometers in the near-IR. With the Keck interferometer and the first generation instrument AMBER at VLTI having $\sim$100 m baselines, the region has been {\em marginally} resolved -- the slight visibility drops show that the overall size of the region is $\sim$1 mas or less for the brightest AGNs (\citealt{Kishimoto11, Kishimoto13KI, Weigelt12}). This is depicted in Fig.3a, which shows the approximate size scale of each layer of the structure and compares various instruments on the plane of wavelength and baseline.

The second-generation instrument GRAVITY at VLTI is gradually reaching the stage to resolve at least the outer part of the region, with a real imaging capability at a resolution of a few mas. The CHARA interferometer, which has a factor of $\sim$3 longer baselines (330~m), but with 1-m telescopes, has already seen a first fringe for an AGN, and the installation of full adaptive optics is now in progress. If it goes through further, already proposed, sensitivity enhancements, we will be able to image the wind-launching region of a few AGNs. The study will be complemented by observations at slightly longer wavelengths in the mid-IR probing slightly lower temperature dust with the newly commissioned second-generation mid-IR interferometer MATISSE at VLTI (Fig.3a). Then, with longer-baseline interferometers, reaching resolutions of 100 micro-arcseconds and beyond, such as the Planet Formation Imager (PFI) planned both for mid-IR and near-IR with higher sensitivity, we can study a substantial sample. We will know whether the dust continuum emission shows a polar elongation even at this innermost scale, gain knowledge of how the wind is launched, and fully characterize this critical scale, approaching the origin of the AGN torus and feedback.

\subsection{Kinematical studies using emission lines}
\label{sect-line}

Together with the morphological continuum study, we should also identify the outflow kinematically, using emission lines from the ionized gas associated with the accelerated dust grains. Any velocity gradient detection spatially coincident with a polar elongation would greatly advance our knowledge. Such observations will also help quantify the feedback effect.

In fact, with the photo-center shifts from the GRAVITY differential phase data, in addition to the ordered rotation, we might actually be seeing a hint of high-velocity outflow along the jet (see the bluest data point in Fig.2b), though with a large uncertainty. At least, imaging of emission-line kinematics at this super high spatial resolution is becoming realistic. Note that this is the data for a broad permitted line, i.e., for the BLR --- the torus outflow might thus be fundamentally and physically related to the BLR. Spatially resolving these scales will definitely advance the way we measure the black hole masses. We would need very long baselines to reach these scales, and high sensitivities to receive enough number of photons to facilitate good spectral resolution for kinematics (Fig.3a,b), but we do believe that the discovery potential lies here at high angular resolutions.

The morphology and kinematics of the bright, illuminated side of the torus would be nicely complemented by molecular line studies of the ``dark" side with ALMA, which comes quite close in spatial scales at its longest baseline (Fig.3a). The torus should also be supplying material to the central black hole, and the route is perhaps at the mid-plane. In fact, an equatorial rotation component is found with high-density tracers of molecular lines (\citealt{Imanishi18}) in addition to the lower-density polar outflow (\citealt{GarciaBurillo16,Gallimore16}).

Current sensitivity of near-IR interferometry is shown in Fig.3b on the plane of nuclear K-band and J-band magnitudes, the latter representing coarsely the quality of the AO performance which is a must in IR interferometry. The distribution of AGNs on this plane demonstrates that we are reaching the ``tipping point": the number of potential targets will soon explode with the future sensitivity improvements --- and note that we will have {\it images} --- we are at the dawn of the field.

\section{Binary supermassive black holes}

There is also a substantial, but very different, aspect to this new exploration of the galactic nuclei at a very high angular resolution. A supermassive black hole is now believed to reside in essentially every galaxy. Naturally, after collision and merger of two such galaxies, a binary black hole would form at the center. Theoretical studies with numerical simulations have suggested that the binary separation quickly decreases by ejection of surrounding stars. However, the shrinking orbit could stall at 0.1 pc scale owing to the absence of a sizable population of stars in the small region -- this is known as the ``final parsec problem" (e.g., \citealt{Merritt05}). Indeed, this inference seems consistent with recent Pulsar Timing Array constraints: low-frequency gravitational waves, expected from supermassive black hole mergers, are not yet detected (e.g., \citealt{Shannon15}).

This spatial scale of $\sim$0.1 pc is exactly the scale which has not been explored in thermal emission. A radio wavelength search for binary structure relies on the presence of two sets of jets, which might not necessarily always be the case. We do not have enough spatially resolved constraints in thermal emission simply because it has not been possible to achieve the required resolving power. We do not really know if there is a binary at the center in the active phase of the black hole accretion. Long-baseline interferometry in the infrared will enable us for the first time to explore this major question of whether there are massive binaries at the center.

\bibliographystyle{aasjournal}
\input{astro2020_agn_interf.bbl}

\end{document}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
OpinionCoronavirus
We want to trust in each other. But it'd be easier if we weren't so isolated
Community support has flourished this past year. But so too has 'call-out' culture
The NHS and key workers are thanked in an artwork on the gates of a closed pub in April. Photograph: Oli Scarff/AFP via Getty Images
Sun 27 Dec 2020 02.30 EST
Last modified on Sun 27 Dec 2020 05.43 EST
Volunteers from Sikh communities – some from as far away as Coventry – provide food for stranded lorry drivers in Kent. Scotland's first minister, Nicola Sturgeon, apologises for breaching Covid rules after a newspaper publishes photos of her talking to three elderly women at a wake, socially distanced but standing and not wearing a mask.
Not just two very different events, but also two events that represent opposite poles of what we might call "public mindedness" in the pandemic. One, an act of giving, the other of finger-pointing, both of which have become essential parts of Covid culture, and which expose the tensions that now define our social relations.
When the pandemic forced the first lockdown in March, there was much hope that the crisis would bring people together. Community support has flourished this year because it has had to – volunteer organisations, mutual aid groups, food banks have all stepped in to cover for the failures of the state. What has also flourished, though, is the kind of "public mindedness" exemplified by the Sturgeon affair – the calling out of individuals for minor infractions of Covid rules.
There is something to be said for greater scrutiny of politicians or other public figures, especially those who impose or demand limits on the behaviour of the public but seem to imagine that such regulations don't apply to them. Yet, if we really want to hold politicians to account it would be far better to challenge the corruption and chumocracy that has become embedded in Covid policy, or the failures of the administrations both in London and in Edinburgh to protect care homes or properly organise testing systems, than merely revel in personal lapses.
What the call-out culture reveals is cynicism not just about hypocritical politicians but also about people more generally, a willingness to see the worst in humans, an unforgiving view of people's indiscretions. Back in the spring, polls showed that most people thought that they were observant of lockdown measures but also that most other people were not. Now a poll suggests that a third of the public blame the government for the recent rise in coronavirus cases, but the majority blame other people.
None of this should surprise us. Trust in others rests on our ability to engage with them, and on a flourishing public sphere. To have a chat at work, argue over a pint in the pub, mingle after worship in a mosque, a church or synagogue, debate in a seminar or public meeting, or simply gossip with a friend you bump into on the street – all these little moments serve collectively as the foundations of a thriving civil society. Much of this the pandemic and the lockdowns and the tiers have taken away. Zoom calls emphasise the distance between people as much as they allow them to interact. In a more atomised, self-isolated society, community-mindedness becomes more difficult, fingering others more natural and acceptable.
Call-out culture and the public shaming of individuals has long been an embedded feature of social media. As real life has become more individuated and fragmented, so sometimes it can begin to resemble the interaction on social media.
In his book Humankind, the Dutch historian and writer Rutger Bregman challenges the "persistent myth" that civilisation is "nothing more than a thin veneer that will crack at the merest provocation". In reality, Bregman observes, the opposite is true, that people are generally sociable and generous, especially in a crisis, while all the time believing that "by their very nature humans are aggressive, selfish and quick to panic".
Covid, though, is a crisis like few others. While other crises – from Aberfan to Grenfell, from Hurricane Katrina to the 2004 tsunami – have compelled people to work together to provide support and aid, Covid, and the authorities' response to it, has required a greater individuation of society, in which social distancing and self-isolation have become the most vital expressions of social solidarity.
What is remarkable is that at a time when the public sphere has been so eroded, and regulations make it much more difficult to engage with each other, such a high degree of community-mindedness remains. What brings out the worst in people is not human nature but the social structures we inhabit that shape the ways we relate to each other, structures that too often incentivise the cynical and the selfish and deprecate generosity of spirit.
Whatever the new normal of 2021, rebuilding the public sphere, and working to be a little less cynical of other people, is perhaps our most urgent task.
•Kenan Malik is an Observer columnist

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Does FieldNotes support a team environment?
Yes, FieldNotes can support a team environment. Whether your team consists of a lead and one assistant or a team of agents, FieldNotes can support you. You can set FieldNotes up to share the team client list, assign team members to certain clients and have an individual in charge of specific tasks.
You also have the ability to limit who has access and visibility by assigning "Admin", "Team Leads" or "Member" access. Admins can view all the tasks and contacts of all others, Team Leads can view the details of all members of their designated teams, while Members can only views the contacts that they own or the tasks that they have been assigned.


HA HA HA! The guy's tattoo!
Too bad the federal government encourage the consumption of empty sugar calories for the PAST 50 YEARS. Now the FDA's the good guy (According to Dana Millbank)? Yeah, the sugar lobby is a bunch of desperate bums looking to keep a good thing going. But, the sugar lobby was CREATED by politicians when they started passing out farm subsidies to gain the votes of mid-western farmers in the US.


text:
+ Recommend Title Publication to library
You must fill out fields marked with: *
Librarian details
Why are you recommending this title?
I need to refer to this publication frequently
This publication is an essential resource for my studies/research
I'll refer my students to this publication
I'm an author/editor/contributor to this publication
I'm a member of the publication's editorial board
Invalid site public key
Invalid site private key
Invalid request cookie
Incorrect. Try again.
Unabled to verify parameters
Could not contact recaptcha for validation
I am not a robot *
IET Communications — Recommend this title to your library
Your recommendation has been sent to your librarian.
Tweets by @IET_Journals
Home > Journals & magazines > IET Communications > Volume 2 Issue 10
eFirst
Online ISSN 1751-8636 Print ISSN 1751-8628
IET Communications
Volume 2, Issue 10, November 2008
Volumes & issues:
Show / Hide details
Robust chaotic communications exploiting waveform diversity. Part 1: Correlation detection and implicit coding
Author(s): C. Williams
Source: IET Communications, Volume 2, Issue 10, p. 1213 –1222
DOI: 10.1049/iet-com:20070467
p. 1213 –1222 (10)
A correlation receiver is presented for communication using the symbolic dynamics of a chaotic system. A chaotic system offers the potential for power efficient transmitters but many proposals to date have either been susceptible to noise and distortion in the channel, or are spectrally inefficient. The proposed system has a spectrum efficiency equivalent to conventional BPSK and offers a 2 dB performance improvement in AWGN. This is achieved by exploiting diversity in the transmitted signal, whereby each data symbol influences the transmitted pulse shape for the preceding symbols. Correlation detection over multiple symbols allows full exploitation of this diversity. In addition, each symbol can be detected multiple times and so a decoding gain is possible without the need for parity symbols. The diversity mechanism is investigated and the performance gains demonstrated.
Robust chaotic communications exploiting waveform diversity. Part 2: Complexity reduction and equalisation
p. 1223 –1229 (7)
The symbolic dynamics method of communication using chaotic systems has previously been shown to offer performance better than conventional binary phase shift keying (BPSK), while also providing similar spectrum efficiency. This is achieved by exploiting diversity in the waveform, through a mechanism similar to partial response signalling. In order to achieve this performance, a correlation method for detection has been proposed, but complexity was high and only performance in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels has been considered. It is demonstrated that the complexity can be reduced from requiring 1024 correlations per symbol down to only 32, while degrading performance only by 0.6 dB. The ability to further reduce the occupied bandwidth is investigated. Spectrum occupancy equivalent to a root-raised cosine-filtered BPSK signal is demonstrated, and performance is maintained when the reference waveforms are similarly filtered to maintain the signal match. Finally, a novel equalisation technique that incorporates a decision feedback structure into the correlation detector is proposed. Performance in multipath channels is investigated and shown to be effective.
New union bound on the error probability of bit-interleaved space–time codes with finite interleaver sizes
Author(s): S.A. Zummo ; P.-C. Yeh ; W.E. Stark
A new union bound on the bit error probability of bit-interleaved space–time (BI-ST) coded systems is derived. Unlike existing performance analysis tools for BI-ST systems, the new bound provides a general framework for analysing the performance of BI-ST systems employing finite interleaver sizes. The derivation is based on the uniform interleaving assumption of the coded sequence prior to transmission over multiple antennas. The new bound is a function of the distance spectrum of the code, the signal constellation used and the space–time (ST) mapping scheme. The bound is derived for a general BI-ST coded system and applied to two specific examples, namely, the BI space–time coded modulation and the BI space–time block codes. Results show that the analysis provides a close approximation to the BI-ST performance for a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios. The analysis can also accurately characterise the performance differences between different interleaver sizes, which is a breakthrough in the analysis of BI-ST coded systems.
Application-controlled handover for heterogeneous multiple radios over fibre networks
Author(s): S.R. Chaudhry and H.S. Al-Raweshidy
The wired-wireless integration network can be categorised as fixed mobile convergence (FMC). FMC means the convergence of the existing wired network and wireless network. Therefore a mobile device needs the function of connection and control to the FMC infrastructure. An application-controlled handover is developed, which keeps channel continuity in the wired-wireless synergy network environment that consists of 3G (UMTS)+WLAN+WPAN (UWB) and optical fibre network. A handover mechanism transmits and receives data by using the proposed application selection criteria. It maintains the channel and the seamless transmission from mobile device to the remote optical fibre network, to provide real-time service continuity for multimedia traffic. The results show that application-controlled handover has a reduction up to 83% in packet drop, 74% reduction in bit error rate, 85% reduction in power consumption and 100% enhancement in application response time (delay) as compared with the network without handover technique.
Maximum-girth slope-based quasi-cyclic (2, k≥5) low-density parity-check codes
Author(s): M. Esmaeili and M. Gholami
A class of maximum-girth geometrically structured regular (n, 2, k≥5) (column-weight 2 and row-weight k) quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is presented. The method is based on cylinder graphs and the slope concept. It is shown that the maximum girth achieved by these codes is 12. A low-complexity algorithm producing all such maximum-girth LDPC codes is given. The shortest constructed code has a length of 105. The minimum length n of a regular (2, k) LDPC code with girth g=12 determined by the Gallager bound has been achieved by the constructed codes. From the perspective of performance these codes outperform the column-weight 2 LDPC codes constructed by the previously reported methods. These codes can be encoded using an erasure decoding process.
Two-dimensional indexing polynomial-based pre-distorter for power amplifiers with memory effects
Author(s): B. Ai ; Z.D. Zhong ; G. Zhu ; R.T. Xu ; Z.Q. Li
An improved segmented polynomial-based pre-distortion method and a novel memory polynomial-based pre-distortion method with two-dimensional indexing are proposed in digital baseband power amplifier pre-distortion systems. Through computer simulations and corresponding analysis, the feasibility and reliability of the proposed methods are verified with three different polynomial formats in the evaluation of relative mean square error, the convergence speed, the random access memory storage units and the power spectral density.
Two incremental relaying protocols for cooperative networks
Author(s): Q.F. Zhou and F.C.M. Lau
The authors investigate a cooperative network with three terminals. By exploiting a simple two-bit feedback message from the destination, two incremental relaying protocols are proposed, namely incremental selection amplify-and-forward (ISAF) and joint incremental selection relaying (JISR) with an aim to balance the load between the source and the relay. The authors derive the asymptotic outage probabilities of the two new protocols and find them to be lower than that of the incremental amplify-and-forward (IAF) protocol, which has been identified as the best protocol so far. Moreover, the spectral efficiencies of ISAF and JISR match that of IAF. Simulation results have verified the asymptotic performance of the protocols and have shown that JISR outperforms ISAF and IAF over all signal-to-noise ratio values.
Precoding in downlink multi-carrier code division multiple access systems using expectation maximisation algorithm
Author(s): A. Haghbin and P. Azmi
The presence of multiple access interference and hardware complexity of the mobile terminal are two major burdens for multi-carrier code division multiple access schemes. Both burdens can be overcome in downlink by precoding the transmitted signal using the knowledge of the channel state information. In multi-user precoding techniques, the transmitter is optimised to combat channel impairments through the use of new spreading sequences that are obtained by solving an optimisation problem based on some criterion. Among these optimisation problems, the problem based on maximum likelihood is hard and complex to solve. In the proposed precoding scheme, the well-suited expectation maximisation algorithm is used to solve this problem. The proposed precoding technique is simulated and its performance is analysed and compared with some other precoding and detecting techniques. The results show that the proposed scheme considerably outperforms the previous precoding schemes.
Diversity–multiplexing trade-off performance of linear dispersive codes
Author(s): H. Yang ; G. Li ; L. Tang
The diversity–multiplexing trade-off function provides a complete view to evaluate both the diversity-based and the multiplexing-based space–time schemes. The trade-off performance of the linear dispersive codes (LDCs) over both the block fading and the fast fading channels is analysed. Results show that LDCs can achieve better trade-off performance than some of the existing space–time schemes over block fading channels. For fast fading channels, the time factor is clearly expressed in the trade-off function, and the analysis shows that LDCs can achieve both the space diversity and the time diversity simultaneously.
Restricting the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing peak-to-mean envelope power ratio by a new set of sequences of length 16
Author(s): X. Liu
A new set of 136 binary sequences of length 16 applied to reducing the peak-to-mean envelope power ratio of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems is reported. A non-systematic encoder is developed. This set of sequences can be used with the existing 384 binary Golay sequences of 16. The resultant set will consists of 512 sequences, an integer power of 2, which expedite implementation.
Communication system model for information rate evaluation of differential detection over time-varying channels
Author(s): Z.B. Krusevac ; P.B. Rapajic ; R.A. Kennedy
A communication system model for mutual information performance analysis of multiple-symbol differential M-phase shift keying over time-correlated, time-varying flat-fading communication channels is developed. This model is a finite-state Markov (FSM) equivalent channel representing the cascade of the differential encoder, FSM channel model and differential decoder. A state-space approach is used to model channel phase time correlations. The equivalent model falls in a class that facilitates the use of the forward–backward algorithm, enabling the important information theoretic results to be evaluated. Using such a model, one is able to calculate mutual information for differential detection over time-varying fading channels with an essentially finite time set of correlations, including the Clarke fading channel. Using the equivalent channel, it is proved and corroborated by simulations that multiple-symbol differential detection preserves the channel information capacity when the observation interval approaches infinity.
Trusted virtual machine monitor-based group signature architecture
Author(s): D. Zou ; H. Jin ; J.H. Park ; H.-C. Chao ; Y. Li
Group communication is an important technique for many network computing applications. In group communication, a member in a group sends a message to others normally by multicast. Group signature guarantees the integrity of the exchanged data and provides source authentication. In a virtual machine (VMs) based computing system, a virtual machine monitor (VMM) allows applications to run in different VMs strongly isolated from each other. A trusted VMM (TVMM) based platform can provide stronger security protection for group signature systems than traditional computing platforms can. The authors first introduce a TVMM-based group signature architecture and a TVMM security protection mechanism for group signature components. Then, the authors propose a group signature scheme using the function of message checking based on the discrete logarithm problem. Finally, the authors prove the correctness of the group signature scheme and analyse its security in virtual computing environments.
Most viewed content for this Journal
content/journals/iet-com
Most cited content for this Journal
Survey of automatic modulation classification techniques: classical approaches and new trends
Author(s): O.A. Dobre ; A. Abdi ; Y. Bar-Ness ; W. Su
Multi-layer clustering routing algorithm for wireless vehicular sensor networks
Author(s): Y. Liu ; N. Xiong ; Y. Zhao ; A.V. Vasilakos ; J. Gao ; Y. Jia
Opportunistic relay selection for cooperative networks with secrecy constraints
Author(s): I. Krikidis
Further results on the capacity of free-space optical channels in turbulent atmosphere
Author(s): W. Gappmair
Improved energy detection spectrum sensing for cognitive radio
Author(s): M. López-Benítez and F. Casadevall


Burglars love nothing more than an unsecured window. Professional thieves don't choose their marks spontaneously—they case whole neighborhoods before selecting homes that seem most vulnerable. And because more than 65% of all burglaries are residential, it's imperative that you increase the security of your home windows, since they offer the easiest access.
Home window safety starts by selecting the right window styles and glazing types and even investing in advanced security features that will have burglars running for the hills. It ends with regular maintenance and upkeep that will keep your home safer for years to come.
Casement window: Not all windows offer the same level of home window security. Casement windows, (pictured above), can only be opened using a hand-operated crank from the interior of your home. This makes them harder to break into. It's important to note, however, that for metal casement windows, hardware (cranks and hinges) can become rusty and impede the window's security if not properly maintained.Proper installation is vital here—if the window doesn't open and close smoothly, the security of the sash could be compromised. If that's the case with your windows, you can bulk up their security by installing a sliding chain lock across the opening, although replacing the window frame altogether is a safer option. Casement windows run an average between $270 and $750 per double crank out hinged window.
Casement windows aren't ideal for every situation. Homes that abut other buildings or where exterior foliage is dense may not make the best candidates for these styles because there is not enough clearance space for the windows to open properly. In this case, the next safest option is a sliding window.
Sliding window: This is the next safest option after a casement window. It works by sliding open horizontally, which makes it difficult to operate from the outdoors, and its cam action lock renders the window immobile, so a burglar won't be able to slide it open. For extra protection, sliding windows can be combined with horizontal security bars.Depending on size and material used, the average cost of a sliding window runs between $320 and $1300. In some cases, sliding windows have been lifted off the tracks by especially enterprising thieves, even while locked. You can prevent this from happening in your home by drilling sheet metal screws into the upper portion of the metal track—just make sure the screws don't obstruct the window's path when you attempt to open it.
Double hung windows and single hung windows and other styles are less protected, so they're not the most secure windows out there. They should always be secured with an appropriate window lock, which we'll cover in the sections below.
Most operable windows require a locking system to make sure burglars can't just pry open the sash and climb right in, but the design of the window will determine what type of lock that is best.
Keyed locks: The most secure of window locking systems, keyed locks are ideal for double or single hung windows and offer extra protection, since the lock can only be opened by someone who holds the key. To make your life at home easier, have all the locks keyed to the same key and keep multiple copies somewhere safe, with a spare placed in a lockbox outside your home or entrusted to a dependable neighbor.
Cam-action locks: Cam-type window locks are ideal for sliding windows (if they're not already included), and they latch into place to keep the window from sliding on its tracks. Conversely, they can be used to hold a sliding window open as well, so if that sounds appealing, install a lock on both sides of the track.
Swivel-action locks: Used mostly for double hung windows, swivel-action locks, also called keepers, have a latch that can be swiveled from left to right to move a locking snib in and out of place.
Lag screws: Lags screwed into place above the lower sash keep single hung windows locked into place, and they can be placed below the open window to keep it ajar. However, these kinds of locks can potentially be knocked out of place with a hard shove, so they don't offer as much security as other kinds of locks.
Window latches: Latches are the most common kind of lock. A latch is screwed to one window and hooks into the second sash when in the locked position.
Of course, quality locks and secure windows will only protect you from criminals hoping to pry open your windows. If a thief is willing to break a window in order to enter your home, no level of sophistication in your locks will make much of a difference.
However, reinforced glazing—also known as impact-resistant glass, laminated glass, or safety glazing—can protect your home by making break-ins more difficult. This glass is made several layers thick and topped with a laminate that protects it from impact. When hit from the exterior, it shatters but remains intact, so that entry through the window is difficult, if not impossible. However, before you select a glazing system, you should check with your local permitting office, since local building codes—particularly in hurricane-prone areas—often dictates the type of windows homeowners can use.
Laminated windows will also cost more to purchase and install, so they're not ideal for every household. A cheaper, retrofitted solution is to install safety or security film over the existing windows.
Window security films designed for safety bond with the existing glass to hold it in place in the event of an impact. Higher-end window films will have better opacity, and can even be designed to manage solar heat gain, as well. Window film costs between for just $7 to $9 per square foot and should ideally be installed by a professional dealer who can ensure that it is properly fitted to the window.
No one wants to put their home behind bars, but if you're really worried about your safety, security bars for windows are a boon to home security. Window bars, in particular, are a great addition for sliding windows and sliding glass doors, because they make it more difficult to slide the window open on the tracks.
Additionally, security grilles and scissored gates are great for basement windows, which are commonly overlooked by homeowners, and are unfortunately a frequent entry point for criminals. Safety grilles can be mortared to the home's foundation to prevent any entry—however they also can't be used as an emergency exit by your family members at that point.
Another option is to install a scissored gate over the window. These attach from the inside of the home so they can be pulled back in the event of an emergency. For extra security, they can be locked with a padlock and key—but make sure to keep the key in a spot that's easy to access in case you need to make an emergency escape.
As you can see, there are many ways to protect your windows and reduce the likelihood of a break into your home. Additional measures, such as outdoor lighting installed around your home's exterior, can also work to keep your family and valuables safer. Best of all, they'll give you priceless peace of mind. Find out more about windows types and cost breakdown with our windows cost calculator.


text:
Daniel Farber Huang
Daniel Farber Huang is a strategic advisor on corporate finance, cyber security and other risk mitigation issues to a broad array of companies and organizations, ranging from entrepreneurial start-ups to multi-national corporations. He has worked closely with numerous federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies across the U.S. on providing solutions to their mobile technology requirements.
Before founding his own independent advisory firm, Huang worked for Goldman, Sachs & Co., Merrill Lynch and other major investment banks advising corporations and investors on domestic and international corporate finance transactions. He was actively involved in capital-raising engagements encompassing in excess of $10 billion. Huang has advised a wide range of investment sponsors and strategies, including private equity, venture capital, infrastructure, real estate, emerging markets, hedge funds and specialized situations.
Huang is an advisor to Princeton University's Keller Center for Innovation in Engineering Education, where he advises startups founders on business best practices. He is a national member of The Explorers Club, a multidisciplinary professional society dedicated to the advancement of field research and the ideal that it is vital to preserve the instinct to explore.
Outside of his consulting work, Huang is a journalist and documentary photographer focused on women's and children's issues and the alleviation of poverty around the world. He is a co-founder of The Power of Faces, a major portrait project raising awareness of the global refugee crisis. As an independent humanitarian advocate, Huang has documented refugee camps around the world, and has actively raised awareness through multiple talks on TED.com and other platforms. His documentary work has been exhibited at Amnesty International, the Middle East Institute, and numerous universities and colleges. His work is included in the permanent collections of The International Center of Photography, The Museum of the City of New York, New-York Historical Society, Museum of Chinese in the Americas, New York City Fire Museum, and other institutions.
Huang is the author of NOWHERE TO HIDE: Open Source Intelligence Gathering – How the FBI, Media, and Public Identified the January 6, 2021 U.S. Capitol Rioters and Practical Cyber Security for Extremely Busy People.
Huang earned his Master's degree (ALM) in Journalism and a Certificate in International Security from Harvard University, an MBA from The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania in Finance and Entrepreneurial Management, and a BA from New York University in Economics.


Due to growing electricity demand, facilities in Montréal's 120-kV system will reach maximum capacity in the coming years. This is precisely the case with those that serve downtown, Griffintown, the port zone south of the Lachine Canal and the Cité-du-Havre. The system will also need to power the new Réseau électrique métropolitain (REM), a light-rail system linking the South Shore with the city centre.
The recommended solution is to build a new 315/25-kV substation near the current Viger substation in the Sud-Ouest borough's Pointe-Saint-Charles district.
The new substation is part of the plan to upgrade the island of Montréal's power transmission system by reinforcing the grid's architecture to 315/25-kV, which entails replacing or adding to existing 120/12-kV and 120/25-kV facilities.
Monday to Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m.
@client_hydro Questions about your bill, electricity use or our services?


We pride ourselves in our commitment to assisting businesses with the highest quality and most responsive attention to staffing requests available.
We go above and beyond to meet the needs of our workers and our clients!
At Maverick Solutions Inc. we have the experience and expertise in the market to assess and provide you with the right talent for the job.
With over 20 years of experience dealing with large and small customers across North America Maverick personnel know the people to talk to.
Our customers include Honda, Chrysler, Boeing, Lockheed, Cessna, Bombardier, Magna, AB Sciex, Pratt and Whitney, Toyota, Volvo, ATK etc. etc.
Maverick has Educated 1000's of Engineers over the last two decades.
Maverick has trained Engineers and Designers on CATIA, Solidworks, AutoCAD, ProEngineer, Inventor, MasterCAM and more over the years. Our database of Engineers is vast and our ability to evaluate their skills is unsurpassed..
Support team at Maverick Solutions Inc..
Any contractor supplied by Maverick, has the option to call our instructors to assist when there are CAD technical areas that are unfamiliar to the contractor..
Upgrade and Skills Development Training.
As Maverick Solutions Inc. has a division dedicated to Training on many CAD/CAM software. The Contractors from Maverick can be updated on new releases and/or new functionality and disciplines that may be required in during the contract.
Maverick Solutions provides manufacturing, aerospace, architecture design and product design services to entrepreneurs and corporations. From prototype to finished product we provide product prototyping with Polyjet technology, industrial and mechanical design, research and development, CAD/CAM rendered drawings and translations.
Maverick Solutions Inc. has provided detailed CATIA experience to some of the most advanced architecture projects ever.
Bard College Performing Arts Center, Hudson, N.Y.


One local salon owner launched her own line of natural, organic and vegan hair care. Read on for all the Good Hair Day details.
If you work so hard to put natural and organic foods in your body every day, shouldn't you do the same for your hair?
That's why Cara D'Ambrosio created her all natural, 100% vegan, organic hair care product line — free of parabens, preservatives, chemicals, sulfates, and gluten — only available at Me Salon Studios.
According to D'Ambrosio, the line has been tested to substantially improve shine, humidity resistance hold, moisture retention for smoothness, manageability and touch-ability. These highly concentrated formulas also put less strain on the environment from their natural product base, as well as amounts needed to generate lather and conditioning. All finishing products also contain sunscreen to further minimize hair damage from sun and heat.
D'Ambrosio brings a bloodline of hair care, and decades of experience into developing this line. In 1992, she began working at her father Pete's hair salon. Learning all about the hair industry and how to make the perfect cut and color, D'Ambrosio fell in love with the craft, and later took over her father's salon in 2007.
The all-natural hair care line available at Me Salon Studios.
Me Salon has since been recognized as one of the "World's Best Salons" by Intercoiffure among other awards. To achieve this level of service, D'Ambrosio travels around the world learning new techniques, studying styling trends, and researching the best products.
With those demands, in addition to becoming a mom of twins 20 months ago, D'Ambrosio decided to increase efficiency by moving her business to a Salon Loft space, located at 9285 Governers Way.
To learn more about Me Salon and the Me Salon organic product line, click here.


With people living longer than ever before, assisted living has become even more important. Many seniors reach a point in their lives where physical or neurological health issues prevent them from being able to live safely and comfortably on their own. The longer you live, the higher your chances of eventually needing to move into one of several different types of long term care facilities.
While long term care is available for people with all kinds of disabilities, it's most commonly associated with seniors. Around 63% of long term care residents are over 65. Among people over 65, there's a lifetime probability of 68% that at some point, the person will become unable to independently handle at least two activities of daily living (ADLs). This can include things like bathing oneself, preparing meals, and handling bills and other financial matters.
By 2050, the number of people in these facilities is expected to double. Many, many seniors will eventually need long term care. For themselves and their families, one of the biggest issues at play is cost. Assisted living can be quite costly, so it's important for seniors — as well as anyone else planning for their eventual retirement — to have a game plan for covering those costs.
There are several different types of long term care options, which range from mostly independent living with a little bit of help here and there, to intensive around-the-clock nursing care from medical professionals. The costs can differ from one another, and vary considerably even within the same facility type.
Retirement communities. These age-restricted housing developments aren't assisted living per se, but often come with quite a few amenities. They tend to be age-restricted, and homes are usually for sale rather than for rent. Equipped with clubhouses, golf courses, swimming pools, and more, these are a great option for socially inclined older people ready to downsize their home or relocate.
Assisted living homes. These apartment-style facilities offer several levels of care and assistance for residents, but aren't necessarily equipped for intensive nursing care for seniors with serious health issues. With plenty of ways to stay busy and socialize with other seniors, this can be a great fit for people who can no longer live completely independently, but are of sound mind overall and have relatively limited care needs.
Memory care. Many facilities offer special services that cater to seniors with age-related or neurodegenerative memory loss and cognitive impairment.
Skilled nursing facilities. These institutions are designed for patients who need intensive assistance and around the clock access to skilled medical care. Residents often include both elderly people, and people under 65 with physical or mental disabilities that prevent them from living independently.
It's relatively common for people to eventually need a progressively higher level of care as they age. This is especially true of patients with neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's, or other health conditions known to worsen over time. For example, a resident in a standard assisted living home who survives a devastating stroke may need to relocate to a skilled nursing facility due to acute and debilitating brain damage and resulting impairment.
When planning for retirement, it's always a good idea to account for the possibility that you may eventually not be able to live independently. It's not necessarily pleasant to think about, but it's an important reality. An Alzheimer's diagnosis or a neurovascular emergency could throw a wrench into your retirement plans, even if you remain in good health for most of your later life up until then.
Unfortunately, assisted living facilities can be relatively costly. Even retirement communities, where you simply own a home in an age-restricted neighborhood subdivision open to people over fifty-five, you're looking at homeowner's association or condo association fees that can be a bit higher than in most places. The cost can often depend on the level of care you need, and in the case of severe medical problems, the cost can be very high.
For the last five years of life for seniors with severe dementia, total end of life care costs can be an average of over $340,000. While quite a bit of this can be covered through Medicare, private health insurance, and long term care insurance, it's not uncommon for most of a senior's estate to ultimately be spent on these kinds of costs.
Per the source above, assisted living costs can also vary geographically. In Manhattan, where the cost of living is very high, the average annual cost of a private room in a nursing home is over $164,000. Meanwhile, in most of Louisiana, where the cost of living is more manageable, the average cost is closer to $64,000. Naturally, that's also quite expensive overall.
Part of the problem is that in many cases, these costs are difficult to manage out of pocket. Despite a median nursing care cost of over $92,000 per year, the average annual income of an individual over 65 is only $22,887.
The good news is that on average, people pay around 21% of the total cost of long-term care out of pocket. That means that an average of 79% is covered by various types of insurance, meaning that the actual financial burden facing seniors and their families isn't nearly as astronomical as the actual total cost of care. To get a more specific and customized estimate of how much long term care is likely to cost in your area — as well as the costs of in-home care for comparison — you can use this online calculator.
With the exception of high net worth individuals, it usually isn't feasible to cover 100% of the costs of long term care out of pocket. Fortunately, you usually won't have to. This is a good thing, because currently, most American seniors struggle to afford these costs, which can be nearly $4,000 per month.
Assisted living facilities can have either all-inclusive pricing, or fee-for-service pricing that adds extra costs for a variety of optional additional services. In most cases, residents have a choice of either option. If the person needs all of those services, the all-inclusive option is usually less expensive overall. If not, it can be less costly to use a fee-for-service structure.
Here's an overview of the fees you can generally expect to pay.
A one-time upfront fee. This usually takes the form of a reservation deposit or community fee. It's usually a couple thousand dollars, and paying it will reserve your room in the facility.
A monthly base fee. This is essentially your "rent' when you're living in a senior care facility full time.
A monthly care services fee. This additional fee often follows a tier structure, varying with which services you need. The services generally include assistance with various activities of daily living (ADLs), such as bathing and personal hygiene, meal preparation, and dressing oneself. As such, the cost is higher for residents with a higher degree of disability. Assessing the actual amount of care the person will need is an important part of the process of moving into a senior care facility.
Medication management and other ancillary services. Many seniors need assistance taking their medications in the right doses and at the right times. These and other additional services may incur their own separate fees.
There are several types of Medicaid programs that can help cover the cost of senior care. The most common are Medicare Waivers, of which there are two main types: 1915 Waivers, and Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) Waivers. These vary in availability from state to state, but are available in more states than not. There are a few states that have opted instead to move toward a "Medicaid managed care model" with a different overall structure and different sets of regulations.
There are forty-three states that have assisted living benefits under Medicaid. For assisted living that isn't skilled nursing care, there's been a general trend toward states increasing the amount that can potentially be covered. With that said, the benefits can be quite different from one state to another.
There's a common misconception that Medicare covers assisted living. It usually does not, and can only cover skilled medical care. So for many assisted living residents, it doesn't cover many costs at all. It's actually Medicaid that can help pay for assisted living, not Medicare.
As we've mentioned, people usually pay an average of around 21% of the total cost of assisted living on their own, out of pocket. This is where your own savings — or assistance from a relative — will come in. You'll need at least some money to cover this part of the cost.
There are also additional options that can help people with low income, below a certain threshold. These usually exist on a state level, so what's available can vary depending on your location. You can find out more about what's available in your state by using the HUD portal.
Another option for covering costs is long term care insurance. As its name suggests, it's a type of insurance policy specifically for covering assisted living costs for seniors who can no longer continue to live independently. First introduced in the 1980s, it can cover many types and levels of care.
The Federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), passed back in 1996, gives certain federal tax advantages to individuals who have this type of insurance. Some states also confer additional tax benefits, adding some extra reasons for investing in a policy.
So should you get a long term care insurance policy? If so, when? This can depend on your age, your current state of health, your family history of medical problems during old age, and your income and assets. The premiums can be relatively high overall, and unfortunately, it isn't always affordable for people for whom Social Security is their main source of current income. You should only buy a policy if you can afford the premiums for it.
Another caveat is that health problems can affect whether or not companies will be willing to insure you. Sadly, if a person already has pre-existing Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, or another serious health condition that affects the need for long term care, you usually won't be able to buy a policy.
You have a good income and/or many assets, giving you a relatively high and stable net worth.
You can comfortably afford the insurance premiums.
You want to make sure you have as much choice as possible in where you receive long term care when that time comes.
In short, the cost to benefit ratio on long term care insurance policies is the most worthwhile for people who are relatively well off and stable financially.
If you do decide to go for it, there are several types of policies you can choose from.
Individual policies. This option is by far the most common. These policies are sold directly to an individual.
Employer policies. Some companies offer employees long term care insurance at a discount through group policies. In many cases, the medical requirements to qualify are relaxed in comparison to individual policies, making it easier to get coverage.
State or federal government policies. If you're employed in the public sector, you may qualify for coverage under the Federal Long Term Care Insurance Program. This applies to active and retired uniformed service members, US Postal Service workers, and many other types of government employees.
There are also a few other, less common variants, like association policies and policies included with some types of health insurance.
If you're a good fit for long term care insurance, and you both qualify and can afford it, it's one of the best ways to minimize out of pocket expenses if you find yourself in need of assisted living care.
Eventually, you'll find yourself needing to make a decision — whether it's for yourself, or for a parent or other older relative.
As we've mentioned, there are quite a few different options that can go a long way toward covering a majority of the total costs. With that said, you still won't have an infinite budget, and you may need to limit your options based on what you can reasonably afford.
Within a given price range, the quality of facilities can vary quite a bit. We recommend touring assisted living centers in person, keeping an eye out for red flags and making sure that residents are taken care of properly.
There's no way around it — assisted living facilities cost money, even those that cater to active and relatively healthy seniors who don't need a very high level of medical care on a daily basis. Fortunately, there are several options you can use to minimize your out of pocket costs.