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Q: Confused on MOSFET terms (velocity limited, mobility limited, constant mobility) So we're learning about transistors, but we don't much of the physics behind how they work (yet) so these terms are quite strange to me. The models we've used are "velocity limited", "mobility limited", and "constant mobility". In some models, the relation between drain current and gate-source voltage is linear and in others it's based on a square law. What do these terms mean, and where do the square or linear relationships come from?
Here's the equation for velocity-limited characteristics:
\$I_d=V_{sat} C_{ox} W_g (V_{gs}-V_t) (1+\lambda V_{ds})\$
And this is for mobility limited (which they also refer to as constant mobility):
\$I_d=\frac{1}{2} \mu C_{ox} \frac{W_g}{L_g} (V_{gs}-V_t)^2 (1+\lambda V_{ds})\$

A: Although MOSFET are linear voltage control switches, the gate charge during transition means you have to dump current from the driver to the gate capacitance during transition. Since you know the square law of V for the Cap current, it is quadratic during transition and linear beyond that. My rule of thumb is assume 50:1 impedance ratio for driver on gate to load on drain or source. For faster transition times they use Diacs to dump a capacitor storage into the gate or low impedance MOSFETs to drive even lower power MOSFETs. eg 50mΩ drive to gate with 1mΩ output.  100:1 is also possible. Anything where Source does not match line and load will lead to skew, ringing from mismatched impedances from source to load.
The same holds true for high power IGBT's.

A: There are various modes of operation in MOSFET transistor. The standard modes are: cut-off, linear and saturation. The FET transitions between these modes in accordance to applied bias (bias = voltages).
The equations you posted refer to a single mode of operation - Saturation. It is fine, because FETs  are indeed most commonly used in saturation, but you must keep in mind that the below explanations may not be relevant to other modes (cut-off and linear).
Note that the term \$(1+\lambda V_{ds})\$ is common to both equations, therefore it may be omitted for the sake of current discussion (in fact, this term, which represents Channel Length Modulation, is completely irrelevant to your question). Therefore, let us concentrate on two forms of MOSFET I-V characteristic equation for saturation region:
1) $$I_d=\frac{1}{2} \mu C_{ox} \frac{W_g}{L_g} (V_{gs}-V_t)^2$$
2) $$I_d=V_{sat} C_{ox} W_g (V_{gs}-V_t)$$
We must also recall the definition of current (amount of charge per unit time):
$$I=\frac{Q}{t}$$
In light of this simple equation, we will be able to understand the differences between the above two equations if we can identify what is the charge and what is the time in each case.
The "usual" relation
The basic model of MOSFET (where gate is seen like a simple capacitor) states that:
$$Q_{inv}\propto C_{ox}(V_{gs}-V_t)$$
The time it takes a charge carrier to transit from source to drain (distance divided by velocity) is:
$$t=\frac{L}{v}=\frac{L}{\mu E}=\frac{L}{\mu \frac{V}{L}}\propto \frac{1}{\mu (V_{gs}-Vt)}$$
Take the above and substitute for \$I\$:
$$I \propto \mu C_{ox}(V_{gs}-V_t)^2$$
You can see that under assumption of \$v=\mu E\$ we came to a quadratic dependence on Gate-to-Source bias.
There is one fine point here: why do I claim that the electric field which accelerates the carriers is related to \$V_{gs}-V_t\$? I won't get into explanations here, but this is true for saturation mode only.
Velocity saturation relation
Velocity saturation has no effect on the inversion charge, therefore:
$$Q_{inv}\propto C_{ox}(V_{gs}-V_t)$$
However, when calculating the transition time we assume that the velocity of the charge saturates. In other words: the velocity does not increase for stronger electric fields and we must replace \$\mu E\$ with \$v_{sat}\$ (saturation velocity is assumed to be constant):
$$t=\frac{L}{v}=\frac{L}{v_{sat}}$$
Take the above and substitute for \$I\$:
$$I \propto v_{sat}C_{ox}(V_{gs}-V_t)$$
This time we observe a linear dependence on \$V_{gs}\$.
Summary
The only difference in assumptions which led to the discrepancy between these equations is that in the "usual" case we assume \$v=\mu E\$ (carrier's velocity is proportional to the electric field), whereas in "velocity saturated" case we assume that the velocity saturates at some constant value and will not increase in stronger electric fields (therefore the name "velocity saturated equation").
Hope this helps.

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National Security Act (1947)
Truman establishes the CIA (1946)
John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-1963) was the 35th president of the United States, serving between January 1961 and his assassination in November 1963. Though his presidency was brief, it spanned several critical Cold War events.
John F. Kennedy was born in 1917 to a large Irish-American family (he would eventually have eight siblings, including fellow politicians Robert and Edward 'Teddy' Kennedy). Kennedy had an ideal pedigree for high office. He was Harvard-educated, graduating in 1940 with a degree in international studies. In 1939, he travelled extensively through Europe, even spending brief periods in Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.
Kennedy's father, Joseph, served as ambassador to Great Britain in the late 1930s; the younger Kennedy was an interested spectator in the British House of Commons immediately after the outbreak of World War II. Kennedy was also a military hero. He joined the US Navy after the bombing of Pearl Harbour and served as a patrol boat commander in the Pacific. When his boat was sunk by a Japanese destroyer, Kennedy single-handedly saved the lives of several men, a feat for which he was decorated.
Kennedy was elected to the House of Representatives in 1946, followed by a successful run for a Senate seat six years later. By the mid-1950s, Kennedy was a potential candidate for the US vice-presidency, despite his youth and his family's Roman Catholicism (many Americans still harboured some anti-Catholic sentiment).
In July 1960, Kennedy received the Democratic Party's nomination as president for that year's election. Kennedy proved himself an energetic campaigner, capable of delivering articulate, witty yet optimistic speeches. He answered questions about his youth, inexperience and Catholicism with clear and convincing arguments. On the latter issue, for example, Kennedy told a group of Protestant churchmen that he was "not the Catholic candidate for President. I am the Democratic Party candidate for President who also happens to be a Catholic. I do not speak for my Church on public matters, and the Church does not speak for me".
Kennedy's performance in a series of televised debates, where he prevailed over Republican candidate Richard Nixon, was also instrumental in his success.
Kennedy, the witty and charismatic public speaker, on the campaign trail in 1960
Kennedy was elected to the United States presidency in 1960 in one of the narrowest election results in American history. He became the 35th president, the youngest man to hold the office and the first – and so far only – Catholic.
His rise to the presidency triggered an exaggerated fascination with Kennedy and his family, fuelled by the media and a public craving for more pictures, information and gossip about the 'first family'. Kennedy's youth, good looks, Massachusetts drawl and charming wit endeared him to many Americans. The fashions of his beautiful wife Jacqueline drew the interest of American women. During Kennedy's thousand days in office, the White House became what one journalist described as 'Camelot'.
Kennedy at work in the Oval Office while his son, John Junior, plays under his desk
Kennedy the anti-communist
Beyond the public glamour and youthful idealism of his presidency, Kennedy remained a stringent anti-communist. As a young congressman, Kennedy had criticised the Truman administration for allowing both China and North Korea to fall into communist hands.
Like others in his family, Kennedy was friendly with and supportive of communist witch-hunter Joseph McCarthy (something that both helped and hindered his public image). Kennedy also backed US intervention in Korea, Berlin and other theatres of the Cold War. His election campaign in 1960 was filled with promises to be "tough on communism". During his inauguration speech, Kennedy reiterated the Truman Doctrine, promising the world that America would assist any nation under threat of communist takeover:
"Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledge – and more. To those old allies whose cultural and spiritual origins we share, we pledge the loyalty of faithful friends… To those new States whom we welcome to the ranks of the free, we pledge our word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away, merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom – and to remember that in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger, ended up inside."
Kennedy was determined to back these promises with action. In April 1961, he authorised Operation Zapata, a clandestine mission to overthrow Cuban leader Fidel Castro. Though the operation had been drawn up by the CIA and the US military during Eisenhower's presidency, Kennedy gave it final approval to proceed. Zapata would be conducted by around 1,500 expatriate Cubans, exiles since Castro's rise to power. They were recruited and trained by CIA agents, outfitted with American equipment and provided with US air and naval support.
Their invasion, which began on April 17th, was a disaster from the outset. Poor weather and human error were factors, as well as Castro and his forces having prior knowledge of the operation. Kennedy took final responsibility for what became known as the Bay of Pigs fiasco, though privately he was furious at the CIA and its bungling. For the rest of his time in office, the president remained cautious and sceptical about advice and recommendations provided by both the military and the CIA.
A US front page in the aftermath of the Bay of Pigs fiasco
Kennedy and Khrushchev
Both Kennedy's election and the blundering Bay of Pigs campaign delighted Moscow. Nikita Khrushchev and other Soviet powerbrokers perceived the new president to be young and weak, unable to withstand pressure, either from the Soviet Union or the military 'hawks' in Kennedy's own administration.
When the two leaders agreed to a summit in Vienna in July 1961, Khrushchev was determined to gain the upper hand over the inexperienced Kennedy. Instead, the grizzled Soviet leader found the young president a tougher and more determined negotiator than he expected. Kennedy was especially steadfast in his support for West Berlin; Khrushchev repeated his threat to leave the fate of Berlin entirely to East Germany, but Kennedy called his bluff.
The two men left the summit still at loggerheads over Cold War issues but with a newly formed personal respect for each other.
Kennedy's leadership was further tested by the Cuban missile crisis in October 1962. He approached this crisis with calm resolve, gathering experts and government leaders into an 'executive committee' to analyse the situation and find possible solutions.
Knowing that US aggression would necessitate a Soviet response, which may lead to a nuclear conflict, Kennedy resisted calls for airstrikes or a military invasion of Cuba. The Cuban crisis was eventually eased with a secret deal between the White House and the Kremlin.
Despite his determination to avoid war with the USSR, Kennedy's anti-communist rhetoric and policies endured. He acted to limit the spread of communism in South and Central America, while the number of American personnel in Vietnam increased twenty-fold during his presidency. Kennedy also established the Peace Corps, an organisation to help young college-educated Americans undertake volunteer work in poor or developing nations; this program continues today in more than 70 countries.
Death in Dallas
Sadly, Kennedy's presidency is best remembered for its horrific end. In November 1963, Kennedy made an official visit to Texas, accompanied by his wife Jacqueline and vice president Lyndon Johnson. While the presidential party was riding through the streets of Dallas in an open-top motorcade, Kennedy was shot in the lower neck by a high-powered bullet. As he lurched forward in pain, another bullet tore into his skull, killing him almost instantly.
The alleged gunman, Lee Harvey Oswald, was arrested and charged within hours. Oswald never faced trial: he was himself gunned down by a local businessman just days later.
The public assassination of a young and charismatic leader shocked the world and cast the US into weeks of grief, mourning and introspection. The perpetrators and motives for the Kennedy assassination have never been definitively identified.
Kennedy's murder has been mired in conflicting evidence and conspiracy theories about whether Oswald acted alone or whether he was a decoy or 'patsy' for another party. Some of the people and groups accused of Kennedy's assassination at various times include Cuban leader Fidel Castro, Cuban expatriates, the CIA and FBI, the KGB, the US military, the Mafia, American business interests, lone wolf political extremists, the Ku Klux Klan, even vice president Lyndon Johnson himself.
John F Kennedy Jnr salutes his father's coffin during the president's state funeral
1. John F. Kennedy was the scion of a powerful Catholic family from New England. His father Joseph Kennedy was a successful businessman and former ambassador to England.
2. Kennedy entered politics after decorated service in the US Navy during World War II. Fourteen years later he declared himself a candidate for the US presidency.
3. Kennedy narrowly defeated incumbent vice president Richard Nixon in the 1960 election. Articulate, charismatic and with a young family, Kennedy's presidency attracted much public interest.
4. In early 1961 Kennedy authorised a CIA plan to overthrow the Castro regime in Cuba through an invasion via the Bay of Pigs. The failure of this mission caused him significant embarrassment.
5. Kennedy was a fervent anti-communist who sought to limit the spread of communist in both Europe and Asia – an attitude that brought him into conflict with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev.
Title: "John F. Kennedy"
URL: https://alphahistory.com/coldwar/john-f-kennedy/
Date published: October 2, 2018
This Cold War site contains articles, perspectives and sources on global events and tensions between 1945 and 1991. This site is created by Alpha History and contains 313,290 words in 409 pages. It was updated on March 7th, 2022. For more info, visit our FAQ or Terms of Use.

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Marcus: Just make your Iran nuclear case Mr….
Marcus: Just make your Iran nuclear case Mr. President
By Daily Local | dailylocal@dailylocal.com |
August 17, 2015 at 3:00 p.m.
WASHINGTON — President Obama says those who oppose the Iran nuclear deal are either ideological or illogical. I support the deal, yet I think this assessment is incorrect and unfair. It diminishes the president's case for congressional approval.
That case is strong but not overwhelming; it is not, to use a loaded phrase, a slam dunk. Reasonable minds can — and do — differ on whether to back it.
Obama once understood, even celebrated, this gray zone of difficult policy choices. He was a man who took pains to recognize and validate the legitimate concerns of those on the opposite side of nearly any complex debate.
The new Obama, hardened and embittered — the one on display in his American University speech last week and in the follow-up spate of interviews — has close to zero tolerance for those who reach contrary conclusions.
Certainly, there is a significant element of reflexive opposition on the part of the deal's Republican critics. The gulf between the inflamed political reaction to the deal in the United States and the near-absence of debate among European allies is telling. If Obama is so weak-kneed to support a flawed deal, how to explain the backing of the United Kingdom's Conservative Party government and Germany's center-right Christian Democratic Union?
Certainly, too, there is a group — Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, first among them — for whom no imaginable deal with Iran would be deemed acceptable.
At the same time, they insist that Iran cannot be trusted to live up to any agreement it enters into. For this crowd, it is heads, no deal/tails, no deal.
So Obama's exasperation is understandable, but it does not bolster his argument. This Obama will brook no disagreement, accommodate no uncertainty as to the correct result. "So this deal is not just the best choice among alternatives — this is the strongest nonproliferation agreement ever negotiated," he said at American University.
This Obama does not grant the legitimacy of his opponents' concerns; he questions their bona fides in expressing them. "Many of the same people who argued for the war in Iraq are now making the case against the Iran nuclear deal," he observed.
And he misleadingly overstates the case when he contends that the deal "permanently prohibits Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon."
The best argument for the deal is, simultaneously, the most infuriatingly circular: Support this agreement because at this point no other alternative is or can foreseeably be available.
Indeed, if Congress were to muster the votes needed to override a presidential veto, the result would not be to send the P5-plus-1 back to the negotiating table to hammer out a stronger better deal, it would be to witness the existing international sanctions regime crumble, the United States becoming isolated and weakened as a credible negotiator, and the Iranians freed from agreed-upon limitations and therefore far closer to developing a nuclear weapon.
This argument is compelling, but it leaves no space for those who have legitimate concerns about the deal.
In the end, the strongest noncircular argument for the deal is the simplest. Absent a deal, Iran's breakout time to a nuclear weapon would be just a few months. A military strike would likely set back development three years or so. The deal lasts for 10 (restrictions on centrifuges) to 15 years (restrictions on enriched uranium).
That's a lot of time bought — despite the risk of cheating, and despite the steep price. The more the president makes that case, the less he insults his critics the better.
Ruth Marcus' email address is ruthmarcus@washpost.com.
Daily Local
LETTER: There's no question Chester County courthouse is safe
LETTER: Shenk misses the mark on climate change
PLANNING AHEAD: Different types of taxes can be confusing [Column]
LETTER: Chester County Hospital is one of the very best in the nation


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Hilton Head's Biking Trails
All American Bikes
As the weather gets warmer, you might start looking into outdoor activities you can do while you plan your vacation. An enjoyable endeavor that can be enjoyed by yourself or with the whole family is bike riding. Whether you are looking for a lengthy ride to get your heart rate up, or you want to [...]
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Historic Hilton Head
Even though Hilton Head Island wasn't incorporated as a town until 1983, William Hilton actually landed in the Low-country in 1663. But he wasn't the first to see the beautiful beaches of the island. The Yemassee Indians were already there to greet him, and other Indians could have been there as early as 4,000 years [...]
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Russell Foster, professor of molecular neuroscience in the Faculty of Medicine at Imperial College, and his associate Katharina Wulff, faced the crucial topic of sleep-wake cycles in brain health (The rhythm of the rest and excess. (Perspectives). Nature Reviews Neuroscience 6, 407-414, 2005).
In 2004, Foster co-wrote Rhythms of life with Leon Kreitzman. Wulff, who moved from Berlin to join Russell Foster's laboratory, is an expert at abnormal circadian cycles in patients suffering from schizophrenia. Their critical review focuses on the stark contrast between our attitudes to sleep and the healthier ones of the pre-industrial age. They wrote that in Shakespeare's Julies Caesar we are told to "Enjoy the honey-heavy dew of slumber". There seems little chance of this today, as we crave more, work more and expect more, and, in the process, abandon sleep. Our occupation of the night is having unanticipated costs for both our physical and mental health, which, if continued, might condemn whole sectors of our society to a dismal future.


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Charles Koo
Associate Investment Officer
Charles is an Associate Investment Officer at Aperture.
Charles has over 14 years of experience investing throughout the credit cycle and has invested across the credit spectrum from performing to distressed opportunities in Europe and Asia-Pacific.
Before joining Aperture, Charles was the Head of the EuroAsia Special Assets and Private Distressed Group at Goldman Sachs in London where he was responsible for managing their European and Asia-Pacific based portfolios of private and public corporate performing and distressed debt. Prior to Goldman Sachs, Charles worked in Hong Kong and London at Strategic Value Partners where he focused on distressed debt and private equity opportunities in Europe and Asia. Charles began his career as an analyst at Goldman Sachs in Hong Kong in the Credit Capital Markets/Leveraged Finance Group.
Charles has a Bachelor of Commerce (Hons)(Finance), Bachelor of Laws (Hons) and a Diploma of Modern Languages (Mandarin Chinese) from the University of Melbourne.
John Keaveny Quantitative Strategist Bill Kornitzer, CFA Portfolio Manager


Expats in Shanghai quickly learn the need for installing China apps for air quality and monitoring them on a regular basis. My experience of coming to work in Shanghai taught me this need very quickly.
When the 13-hour flight had finally landed in the Pudong International Airport, I kept imagining what my reaction would be to my first breath of the notorious Shanghai air. I had heard all the rumours, seen the news articles, and read jokes about how polluted the air in China was.
I imagined myself stepping out of the airport, taking a deep breath in, and inevitably… choking.
However, this is NOT what happened at all.
The air did not feel as bad to breathe as I expected - it was hardly noticeable, actually. Subsequently, since I was not choking every time I stepped out the door, I assumed I would be fine and did not pay much attention to the air quality. I also did not feel the need for downloading any China apps for air quality.
Air Quality in China is Serious!
It was not until a couple weeks later that I began to experience headaches and occasionally a strange lack of focus in my work - both of which I had not faced before.
I realized that just because I did not explicitly 'notice' the bad air quality in Shanghai it did not mean that it was not affecting me. It reminded me of the saying "what you don't know can't hurt you".
In this case, what we do not know or see is actually hurting us! And it could prove to have irreversible effects on our health. I quickly asked around and found a number of good China apps for air quality, as I list below.
Making sure you monitor both outdoor and indoor air quality in China and take preventative measures accordingly can be critical for your health.
Studies completed by organizations including the World Health Organization and the Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning concluded that every year across China, there are approximately between 350,000 and 500,000 premature deaths due to the effects of air pollution.
Another study done in 2010 by Fuming Guo studied the effects of pollution levels in 8 urban districts in Beijing between 2004 and 2008. The study showed that life expectancy was cut between 15.1 and 16.2 years due to China air pollution. Years of life lost (YLL), was higher for men than women, and higher for people aged up to 65 years than those older than 65 years.
There has been an increasing awareness of the air quality issue in China as well as all over the world, with a special focus on PM 2.5. PM 2.5 is particulate matter that has a diameter of 2.5um or less, allowing it to penetrate deep into our lung tissues and cause various health problems.
However, how can you prevent yourself from being exposed to something that you cannot even see?
Multiple software and app developers have been paying attention to this issue and have designed many China apps for both indoor and outdoor air quality in China. These apps on smartphones or web browsers, can display real-time readings on air quality, especially the Air Quality Index (AQI) and PM2.5 levels.
Most of these China apps gather their data from material published by the local branches of the China Ministry of Environmental Protection (China MEP) or the U.S. Embassy and Consulates.
The China Air Quality Index app, developed by Fresh Ideas, is a particularly popular one amongst foreigners in Beijing and Shanghai. Users can quickly share air quality information on social media, and the app has also recently added support for Apple's iWatch for quick checks.
Apart from PM2.5, it also shows Ozone and other pollutant data.
Another advantage is its ability to connect to the Origins Laser Egg Device which measures PM2.5 indoors (see below).
This app has rebranded as Air-Matters to include more cities around the world.
This is a free Android app that offers charts showing the air quality data from the past 24 hours as well as the past 7 days. For quick updates, the app also has widget ability to provide the user with an AQI number on the dashboard of their phones.
The official app of the Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center. This app is only in Chinese. It shows the center's little girl mascot with various facial expressions depending on the real-time AQI level; deteriorating from ecstatic to balling her eyes out.
You can find the average Shanghai AQI as well as the exact real-time readings from their many testing stations around the city. Also the readings for all 6 pollutants are available.
They have an English version on their website.
A free app that is available for both Android and iPhone with widget capability.
The user can choose between U.S. or Chinese standard AQI measurements and view data from multiple testing sites around each city including from the US Embassy and Consulates.
You can also choose between the standard 24-hour average PM2.5 number or the more useful real-time number. The app also provides a history chart of the AQI from the past 30 days.
This app has stopped updating for a few days to a few weeks on occassion, but eventually comes back online.
One of the best new China apps for air quality, it provides current AQI readings as well as 3-day air quality forecasts for thousands of cities around the world. It also can be connected to its own AirVisual indoor air quality monitor (see below).
While staying informed about China outdoor air quality is important, we often overlook the indoor air quality (IAQ) i.e. air quality of indoor spaces, which may be just as bad, if not worse, than outside.
When you think that we spend over 80% of our time indoors, the outdoor air quality problem just becomes a fraction of the size of the overall air quality problem in China.
We tend to overlook or are simply unaware of the 'off-gassing' from materials used in the interiors of our homes, offices, schools, health clubs, restaurants, and all those other public spaces that we regularly visit.
There are now many tools available for consumers which monitor the indoor air quality of spaces in China, so long as they have a monitoring device installed.
Some of these devices are also accompanied by proprietary China apps developed for specific monitors, and which stream real-time indoor air quality (IAQ) data to your smartphone.
Below is a list of China apps for Indoor Air Quality.
This handy little device priced at RMB ¥ 499 monitors PM2.5 and PM0.3 levels. These readings are displayed on the monitor along with the according AQI by both China and US standards. You can also stream the data to your phone through their own BreatheSpace app or the China Air quality index app mentioned above. As it is relatively small you can take it with you to monitor the PM2.5 level of wherever you are.
This device priced at RMB ¥ 988 monitors PM2.5 and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) levels, as well as shows both indoor readings and outdoor readings on the display. Connects to its own AirVisual app mentioned above.
This app accompanies the Air Mentor IAQ monitor. It can detect concentrations of CO2, VOC together with CO, PM2.5, PM10, temperature, and relative humidity. There is no actual number displayed on the monitor. However, the smartphone app provides an actual number for several factors of air quality. Air Mentor holds the first place title of the Computex d&i 2015 awards, Asia's largest technological innovation trade fair.
RESET is an app that differs from the aforementioned, as it was developed independently from any accompanying hardware.
RESET was developed by GIGA. Founded by Canadian architects in Shanghai, GIGA is an independent third-party organization that combines building material research with cloud software.
RESET gives their clients the option to make their IAQ numbers public, enabling other users to track the healthiest public places in Shanghai, Beijing, Suzhou or Chengdu, such as schools, offices, fitness gyms and more. Data can be made public through the app to everyone, or only to those you choose with password access.
RESET is linked to multiple certified, cloud-based, and wireless monitors, giving flexibility to the consumer's needs and budget.
The app contains a dashboard, which displays the current local outdoor air quality, as well as the indoor air quality of locations the user follows. The factors of air quality that are displayed include: TVOC, CO2, PM2.5, temperature, humidity and reduction factor.
RESET stresses PM 2.5 levels are an important factor, and should be kept as low as possible; however, PM2.5 levels alone do not equal air quality. For example, a school could keep windows shut, turn on air filters, and lower their PM2.5 level, but CO2 levels may skyrocket, leaving brains less and less oxygenated.
Monitoring other factors of air quality besides just PM 2.5 levels has enabled RESET to sign up many users in China including Pure Living China, Haworth, Lendlease, Glumac, Dulwich International School and ever more.
If you are interested in having your space connected to RESET contact them here.
Melissa Mark is from Toronto, Ontario, Canada and is working as a research intern at GIGA Shanghai. Melissa studies Environmental and Social Sustainability and her blog includes sections for self-made travel videos, paleo recipes, fashion, food photography, and lifestyle. Her food photography has also been featured in the Canadian newspaper The National Post.
Return to the homepage to learn more about Shanghai expat health and safety issues.


Hubsan specializes in Drone technology, providing a wide range of different Drones catered to different users. They provide First-Person-View (FPV) drones, quadcopters, racing drones and other drones accessories. Similarly to most drones companies, they cater from recreational uses, to commercial usage through camera/sensors attached to such drones.
Newcomers to the industry, Shenzhen Hubsan Intelligent Company Limited of FCC (Federal Communications commission) Wireless Applications, better known as Hubsan, was founded in 2010 and took the drone industry by storm. In just 5 years, a 2015 Q3 ranking, Hubsan took 15 spots in the top 20 drones outshining many recognized industry leaders.
This Quadcopter is GPS precise positioning and one key smart automatic return drone.
Stand in GPS module 4.3 Inch LCD screen can achieve precise control over long distance to keep Safety this drone from harm.


MortgageRates.ca is your source for the best mortgage rates in Canada.
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That saying has a second part…"when you're having fun". My previous blog done October 30 was about the one day special event in Mountain Home. I took my spinning tops and Easy Wood Tools. Our Club members didn't let the cold wind keep them home but the audience was not as many as we could have had if weather had been good. The afternoon warmed up to make the environment outstanding. My sales for tools were good but only one top sold.
Work activity in November changed from October as my pulled hip muscle done Sept. 25-28 by moving out of the Folk Center got back into normal abilities. October became a gradual process of installing upper shelf boards for needed storage capacity in the work shops and then putting things where they would fit. Due to many changes I made a file in my iPad Notes called "Where At – workshops". So many changes were made to improve storage that I cannot find things where they used to be and I can't find where they are now. It is funny most of the time.
In November we did several tree service jobs, started the annual gathering of leaves and I volunteered helping at a local business and at the Calico Rock Museum where I sell tops in the Artist Cooperative. Many friends know me as a "numbers guy" just like my father was…it rubbed off. My college minor of 20 quarter hours in Accounting followed my many experiences in business accounting make my psyche good enough to be effective yet a bit dangerous. So the leaf work project has 46 hours earned this month. By mid-January it will likely total 65 hours for our 33 hardwood trees.
I'll catch you later. Be safe out there!
Next post: I wrote five weeks ago about how time flies.


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Q: How do I return failure details from a method without using exceptions and optionally include a value? First some background:
I already have a Result class that I've implemented to carry result information. They were implemented particularly for failures, a success result generally carries no additional information. I use them in public methods at the outside of a core API in one of my projects, or in methods one or two layers deep where I need to carry detailed information back up to the public API. This API is consumed in-container and a command line client and was previously very checked exception happy. The alternative was adding this failure context information to the exceptions, and adding several more distinct exception classes, where they just didn't belong. I guess this reflects my general approach:
http://blogs.atlassian.com/2011/05/exceptions_are_bad
Result has a supporting enum and interface:

*

*ResultStatus: SUCCESS, FAILURE, CONDITIONAL_SUCCESS etc. Holds int return codes and generic messages (eg "Operation was successful")

*ResultCode: Empty interface for tagging enum result codes, FILE_NOT_FOUND, FILE_INVALID, FILE_INCOMPATIBLE. These are mostly for unit and functional testing, but are also used for online help (Maven's help on failure is functionally similar to what I'm doing)

Result provides static factory methods for the status, and builder methods to set the other key fields and is immutable. Here's what building a result looks like:
Result.success().withCode( ResultCode ).withMessage( "" );

And evaluating the returned Result:
result.isSuccessful();
result.hasCode( ResultCode );
result.getMessage();

My problem:
The approach has been very successful, particularly making functional tests a breeze, however I have one major gap: while in the majority of cases I only care about the Result, in some critical areas I need to return a value with the result.
I'm not happy with my first attempt: ResultPair<T> which contains the result and the value where T is the value's type. Unless I duplicate all of the Result methods, using the class is verbose and clumsy: get a Result, add it to a ResultPair, and fish the result and value out before evaluating. At first glance, inheritance won't work because of the builder pattern and I can't quite think of a way of getting clear, clean code that Result allows without duplicating the Result class completely.
Ideally, the approach would allow Result to return a value optionally, but I can't think of a way of doing it in a type safe way that ensures method signatures clearly indicate the type of the value, but avoids having a meaningless generic parameter everywhere I don't return a value.
I really don't mind having two classes and it's not the end of the world to duplicate the Result builder and evaluation code, it just feels wrong and I feel like a lack of experience is getting the better of me and I'm missing an (obvious or not so obvious) solution. I'm using Guava and I'll want to disallow null values in a friendly way, so may additionally wrap all values in a Optional, but I'd still need generic parameters (and compose it into the class to avoid result.value().get()... Okay, I'm thinking out loud now. I should ask a question...).
Is there a way of meeting these apparently mutually exclusive requirements?

A: You could create your ResultPair<T> as a base class to the void result class:
public class Result extends ResultPair<Void> { ... }

All relevant methods would be declared in ResultPair<T>.
UPDATE:
Better yet, have just one type Result<T>, and use Result<Void> whenever you don't want to have a return value. Or rather, if using Void as a type argument looks weird to you, create a new uninstantiatable (or singleton) type that means "there's no result", and use it instead: Result<Unit>, for example.


The Association currently has around 18 Activity Groups including: Crafts, Spanish Language, Spanish Culture, Classical Music and Petanca. Some of the activities are weekly and some are monthly. You can attend any group activity in advance of becoming a member but you should always contact the Group Leader before attending an event for the first time. If you decide that you would like to join a group, and you are not already a member of U3A Marina Baixa, then you should join at the first monthly General Meeting afterwards.


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Big Time è il prossimo sesto album in studio della cantautrice americana Angel Olsen e la sua prima uscita originale dai tempi di All Mirrors (2019). L'uscita dell'album è prevista per il 3 giugno 2022 tramite l'etichetta Jagjaguwar. Prodotto da Olsen e Jonathan Wilson, l'album è stato preceduto dai singoli All the Good Times, Big Time e Through the Fires. Il disco sarà accompagnato da una controparte visiva di 28 minuti, diretta da Kimberly Stuckwisch.

Tracce

Note

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Another technique: spraying cold metal particles at Mach 4.
Cold spraying has been around for some time and is being used both to manufacture and to repair parts.
Mass production metal printing. Technique is similar to Markforged but engineered for high volume throughput. This company has some big name capital backing.
3D printing in space (spinoff post from Private Space Port).
More "Made In Space" company videos.
Ultrasonic welding for 3D printing. Heat stays below 200 deg F so they do things like embedding fiber optics and electronics into the part. Also, they can make parts using dissimilar metals.
Interesting presentation from Desktop Metal on how their "nature based" part design software works. The idea is to take advantage of 3D printing to build parts optimized for function without regard to machine tool constraints. This creates bone like designs that look organic.
What a waste of tax dollars. AR-15 receiver cad files have been online, all over the damn place, for years.
As long as the apparatchiks at the State Department deem it so, maybe the federal courts in their infinite wisdom will next recognize the danger in exporting the CAD designs for the wheel?
As stated, this information has been widely available all over the globe (electronically) for at least a decade or more. The genie is out of the bottle.
The dissenting judge lays it out quite well and her full dissent is worth reading. This is yet another attempt by the Obama Administration (and its political allies) to harm domestic firearms makers, designers, and hobbyists by restricting the sharing of information that is otherwise legal.
As an attorney who has taken an oath to support the United States Constitution, the 5th Circuit's opinion is beyond chilling.
This matter has now been resolved and common sense prevails.
State and Defense Departments comply with revised regulations from May 2018.
Last week the U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. Department of State settled a lawsuit and agreed to end their prior restraint of distribution of computer files for the production of 3D printed firearms. . . .
in May 2018, the Trump administration proposed revising revise the ITAR regulations. The move for regulatory reform actually began under the Obama administration, but the proposed reforms were never published. Now they have been. Export controls for many ordinary firearms and accessories will be removed from the ITAR list. Exports of such items will instead by controlled by the Department of Commerce. Among the items remaining under the ITAR system are automatic firearms, firearms of greater than .50 caliber, magazines with more than 50 rounds, and sound moderators (a/k/a "silencers"). Non-automatic firearms of.50 caliber or less will no longer be covered under ITAR; among the firearms no longer under ITAR is the semiautomatic AR-15 rifle, the most common rifle in American history. Its typical calibers are .223 and .308--well under the new .50+ caliber rule.
Accordingly, the government defendants revisited the Defense Distributed case. If a particular arm (e.g., the AR-15) is no longer part of ITAR, then it would be illogical for ITAR to be applied to instructions for making the arm. Under today's settlement agreement, plaintiffs and others may freely publish 3D printing instructions for firearms that are not covered under ITAR. Restrictions on distribution of 3D printing information for items that are still under ITAR, such as machine guns or rifles over .50 caliber, remain in place.
This is the coolest thing I've seen!
PARIS, 20 July 2018 (ESA PR) — A new ESA-led project is investigating the ways that 3D printing could be used to create and run a habitat on the Moon. Everything from building materials to solar panels, equipment and tools to clothes, even nutrients and food ingredients can potentially be 3D printed. But if you were headed to the Moon, what would you want to 3D print, to turn a lunar base into a place that feels like home? Tell us your idea, to win a chance of actually getting it printed.
Global space agencies are focused on the concept of a lunar base as the next step in human space exploration – and 3D printing represents a key technology for making it happen.
The aim would be to 'live off the land' as much as possible, by printing as many structures, items and spares out of lunar regolith as possible, or by using and reusing materials brought for the mission, rather than continuously relying on the long, expensive supply line from Earth.
Maximised 3D printing would also allow on-demand production of items and spares with routine recycling of materials available within the base, making lunar settlement much more self-sufficient and sustainable.
Boeing invests in DigitalAlloys 3D metal printing which uses electric current heating of wires to deposit mixed composition metals at high speed. Similar to the Sciaky EBAM system of depositing rough net shape at very high speed.
3D printed tool for 777x folding wingtip.
Screen grab from a Stratasys ad. Any guesses? The rear model has an Aurora logo but I'm not sure if that refers to Aurora Flight Sciences.
On the flying wing model there appears to be some small Air Force insignias which may indicate this could represent a fairly large aircraft.
The rear model looks to be the Aurora Flight Sciences Goldeneye or a development thereof, without the main wings attached.
A take on 3D printing's impact on future industry which I think overstates the case. "Customers" of 3D printing are more likely to be other companies and not individuals. Surface finishing and integration/assembly of parts to create a finished product incorporating electrical/electronic and other components will still require traditional methods.
3D printed heart. They take a biopsy of the heart and then transform the cells to adult stem cells to create the various types needed in the different structures of the heart.
I was surprised when they mentioned how many people died while waiting for donor replacement hearts. I thought artificial hearts had reached a point of maturity and availability to reduce this problem.


EPC Price List: EPCs just £45.00 fully inclusive with nothing more to pay.
All fully inclusive, with nothing more to pay.
B Birmingham Includes the city of Birmingham and towns of Alcester, Bromsgrove, Cradley Heath, Halesowen, Henley-in-Arden, Oldbury, Redditch, Rowley Regis, Smethwick, Solihull, Studley, Sutton Coldfield, Tamworth, West Bromwich and all surrounding areas and villages with B1-B98 Postcodes.
DY Dudley Includes the towns of Bewdley, Brierley Hill, Dudley, Kidderminster, Kingswinford, Stourbridge, Stourport-on-Severn, Tipton and all surrounding villages with DY1-DY14 Postcodes.
More than 1 property? Discounts may be possible if you need 5 or more EPCs in a similar area on the same day.


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<!DOCTYPE html>

Copy Right

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Russia finished third with 268 points after scoring points across eight sports including winning the Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championships.
France (who won the Mountain Bike World Championships), Cuba (who won the Amateur Boxing World Championships), the Netherlands (who won the Road Cycling World Championships), Uzbekistan, South Korea, Great Britain and Mongolia rounded out the Top Ten for the month.
The full rankings for the month – in which 70 countries scored points - are set out below.


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Your online guide to Britain's unique and distinctive towns.
Folly/tower
Mill (wind and water)
Cathedral/churches
Beaches/coast
Blue Flag Beach
Film/TV Locations
Port/Harbour
River trips
Spa Towns
Town Criers
Harbour, Historic Towns, Maritime, News, Places, Scotland
Lerwick, the most northerly town in Britain
Lerwick is the Capital of the Shetland Islands and its main port. It is about 100 miles north of the coast of mainland Great Britain. The name comes from the Old Norse Leirvick meaning muddy bay.
The Shetlands are rich in archaeology and people have settled here for about 5,000 years. On the coast the many Iron-Age brochs are the remains of ancient defences. Jarlshof prehistoric and Norse settlement is a group of ancient settlements going back to the Bronze Age. Visitors can view the remains of oval Bronze Age houses, and an Iron-Age Broch. From later eras there are Norse long houses and even later a medieval farmstead. For more information about the heritage of the island and its excellent museums visit here.
Lerwick Harbour
Fishing was an important industry throughout history. In medieval times fish, often cod or ling, would be traded for money, beer, cloth and a wide range of goods. In the C18th herring provided employment and a good income for the islanders. Fish remained the mainstay of the islands until oil was discovered in the 1970s.
The gigantic oil terminal at Sullum Voe today has earned fortunes for the local economy. As a result the population has multiplied. The careful management and planning of the terminal has protected the environment. And, the wealth it creates has improved local amenities.
The Tolbooth dates from about 1767, and stands on the site of an earlier tolbooth. The building is Grade B listed. It temporarily lost its clock tower between 1927 and 2005. Until 1910 the building was the town's Post Office but it is now the RNLI station.
Creative arts in Lerwick
Shetland Arts Development Agency runs the Mareel Centre for creative industries, the most northerly cinema in Great Britain. It sits on the quayside overlooking the North Sea beside the Shetland Museum and archives. Visitors to the performances can also enjoy the performance by the seals and wildlife right outside their window.
Validation Code * 8+0=?
Previous PostTaunton in Somerset – a treasure which is waiting to be discovered
Next PostEnjoy the sandy beaches at Lytham on the Fylde coast where the Ribble meets the sea
Hebden Bridge, West Yorkshire: a thriving pocket of culture
Stockport, home of silk, hats and heritage!
Worsley, Greater Manchester was one of the first industrialised towns
Cottoning on to the Industrial Revolution – Cotton in Britain
Luciana Haill on It's Time to Explore Clock Towers
Tom Daldry on Step back in time to the C13th at the Battle of Evesham between Prince Edward and Simon de Montfort
Avril O'Connor on Step back in time to the C13th at the Battle of Evesham between Prince Edward and Simon de Montfort
Victor Balsdon on Mere in Wiltshire a historical and archaeological hidden gem
Hillary Randall on Bexhill in Sussex, home of the iconic De La Warr Pavilion
West Midlands England
About Discover Britain's Towns
As a travel and tourism publisher, we've been writing about lots of the best of Britain's towns, and the individual neighbourhoods within bigger cities and communities (including London) for quite a few years. So we decided to share what we know, and to start this site for others to contribute later knowledge and suggestions too!
Copyright © 2016 Discover Britain's Towns


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Q: Send command from PC application to Jailbroken iphone I am making an simple application on PC by C# to send command to jailbroken iphone (exp: open app, get list application installed on iphone..e.t.c..) but I do not know how to send to iphone, searching google but can not find a thing to do this. Anyone know how to send command to iphone please point me out or some documents to learn about this.
Thank you.

A: in my opinion the best way to go is using SSH, here's the steps
On the Jailbroken device (Skip this steps if you already have an ssh server installed and running)

*

*Download the SSH server from Cydia

*Take note of your device's IP address

*Default username: root and password: alpine Remember to change that!, also i would recommend creating another user for your app
In your application

*

*Download and install the SSH.NET library from NuGET here

*Implement your appropriate methods to connect,disconnect and send commands, se those examples:
using (var client = new SshClient("phoneIp", "phoneUsername", "phonePassword")) {
    client.Connect();
    //Open the Facebook app and show your profile
    client.RunCommand("open fb://profile");
    //Alternative method using `uiopen`
    client.RunCommand("uiopen fb://profile");

    //Read device network info (install network-cmds first)
    Console.WriteLine(client.RunCommand("ifconfig"));

    //List all apps installed via Cydia
    Console.WriteLine(client.RunCommand("dpkg –list"));

    //List all apps that are installed from iTunes/Appstore
    Console.WriteLine(client.RunCommand("cat /private/var/mobile/Library/Caches/com.apple.mobile.installation.plist"));
    client.Disconnect();
}

I haven't tested this code of course, and I have no Jailbroken iOS device, but this should put you on the right path at least!

A: First you have to create a daemon on your jailbroken iDevice. It will contain a TCP server, which accepts connections from your PC and translates them into your commands. After that commands will be executed by your daemon and you have to write code to process each type of command.

A: Another one easy solution would be to use Cycript in conjunction with SSH.
If Cycript is installed on the jailbroken phone and a SSH server is running, you could write some scripts and upload it to the phone.
By running them, it would output relevant informations to the standard output.
You would still have to do some very basic reversing stuff to know what you want to to display (i.e. asking the right SpringBoard controller to have the desired information)


Business education is a term that encompasses a number of methods used to teach students the fundamentals of business practices. These methods range from formal educational degree programs, such as the Master of Business Administration (MBA), to school-to-work opportunity systems or cooperative education. Business education programs are designed to instill in students the basic theories of management and production. The main goals of business education programs are to teach the processes of decision making; the philosophy, theory, and psychology of management; practical applications; and business start-up and operational procedures.
Traditional academic business education programs include college courses that teach students the fundamentals of management, marketing, ethics, accounting, and other relevant topics. These have been supplemented in recent years with extensive course offerings in computer skills, e-commerce management, and other elements of the "new economy." Students can earn degrees ranging from an Associate to a Ph.D (Doctor of Philosophy) in business administration. Some programs may consist of classwork only, while others—such as tech-prep and cooperative education programs, internships, and school-to work opportunities—combine academics with on-the-job training.
A tech-prep program is a four-year planned sequence of study for a technical field which students begin in their junior year of high school. The program extends through either two years of college in occupational education, or a minimum two-year apprenticeship. Students who complete the program earn either certificates or Associate degrees. Cooperative education (co-op) is a program which offers students a combination of college courses and work experience related to their majors. Co-op programs are available in a wide range of business disciplines, e.g., information systems, accounting, and sales. Participants enroll in a postsecondary educational program while employed in a related job. Most co-op participants are paid by their employers. The co-op program provides students with the work experience they need to obtain full-time employment after graduation. More than 1,000 postsecondary educational institutions and 50,000 employers participate in co-op programs throughout the United States.
All of these types of business education programs provide participants with career paths for high-skill technical and professional occupations by formally linking secondary and postsecondary education, and by integrating academic and occupational learning. Students who complete such programs gain an advantage over people who concentrate solely on the academic part of business education. Whichever route students use to acquire a basic knowledge of business skills and principles, there exist ample opportunities to prepare them for business careers.
In the past, many entrepreneurs viewed the Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree as unnecessary to small business success, and some believed that it stifled the creativity that allowed small businesses to develop and grow. Most entrepreneurs counted on their energy, work experience, industry knowledge, and business connections rather than on their formal business education. But in recent years, increasing numbers of entrepreneurs have chosen to pursue an MBA degree. Jay Finegan, writing in Inc., suggested two reasons for this change. First, today's business world often requires small companies to compete for the same customers as much larger, professionally managed corporations. Second, entrepreneurs are finding that even their smaller competitors are likely to be run by MBAs, as more downsized executives decide to start their own companies.
When they face the fact that their competitors' business training might offer them an advantage, many entrepreneurs choose to pursue an MBA in order to even the playing field. The MBA degree offers entrepreneurs a set of sophisticated management tools that can be brought to bear on the challenges lenges of running a small business, including economic analysis, marketing knowledge, strategic planning, and negotiating skills. In addition, a business education can help many small business owners to broaden their viewpoints and recognize trends within their business or industry.
Avis, Ed. "Plugged-in Professors: Business Schools Must Balance Traditional Lessons with Tech Trends." Crain's Chicago Business. October 2, 2000.
Finegan, Jay. "Too Cool for School: For Generations, Entrepreneurs Have Loathed Everything about the MBA. So Why Are So Many Now Going Back to Get One?" Inc. October 1996.
Sharp, Arthur G., and Elizabeth O. Sharp. The Business-Education Partnership. International Information Associates, 1992.


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Find federal government forms from agencies that begin with the letter N. Click the name of the agency that publishes the form you're looking for.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Forms
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NOAA Fisheries Forms
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About British F4
Race in British F4
Drivers & Teams
British F4 & Formula Ford History
Hall of fame: Previous Champions
Race results archive
DRIVER NEWS: Linus Lundqvist takes podium on disrupted weekend at Oulton Park
Supplied by driver's PR.
21 MAY, 2017 – Linus Lundqvist swept to his fourth British F4 podium of the season at Oulton Park.
Lundqvist took third in the first of three scheduled races at the undulating venue, enjoying a good start to the weekend.
"We had an alright first race; things were going well," said Lundqvist. "We got a podium out of it and had a car that got quicker and quicker the longer we raced, so it was all quite promising."
On his way to the podium, Lundqvist also posted the fastest lap of the race by a hefty half-second margin, leaving the young Swede confident of a competitive showing in the up-coming two races.
However, the weekend then took a confusing turn, as a multi-car pile-up in a Porsche Carrera Cup GB race brought about lengthy delays on Saturday afternoon and forced the second F4 race to be moved to Sunday.
While that decision was significant in itself, it also had a knock-on effect, as the tight Sunday time table meant Race 3 had to be lifted off the agenda altogether – organisers eventually opting to provisionally reschedule it for August's Knockhill round (which will effectively become a four-race meeting).
As Race 2 then actually edged into view on Sunday afternoon, another support-class crash – this time in Clio Cup – then signalled another delay. Once the race did eventually start, it only ran for seven laps before being red-flagged when championship leader Jamie Caroline suffered a heavy accident.
Caroline escaped serious injury, but the race was not restarted and half points were awarded. Lundqvist was classified fifth.
"It's been a bit of a chaotic weekend," concluded Lundqvist. "The most important thing in all of this is that Jamie is OK, and as for my own results, I'm reasonably pleased. I've made further progress in the championship, and we scored a podium as well as a fastest lap. Hopefully the next event will be less compromised and we can have a good fight for victory in all three races."
Linus Lundqvist now sits fifth in the standings, just 5.5 points behind third-placed Logan Sargeant.
The next round of the F4 British Championship certified by FIA – powered by Ford EcoBoost takes place at Croft on June 10-11.
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XtreemOS : A Linux-based Operating System to support Virtual Organizations for next generation Grids
Documentation & Support
Open Testbed
XtreemOS 3 Release 2012-02-10
XtreemOS: new life after the end of the European project 2011-09-21
XtreemOS 3.0 coming soon! 2010-12-21
XtreemOS Announces Public Access to Open Test Bed 2010-11-23
Give us your feedback on our video demos! 2010-11-05
Welcome to XtreemOS!
XtreemOS is a grid operating system based on Linux. The main particularity of XtreemOS is that it provides for Grids what a traditional operating system offers for a single computer: hardware transparency and secure resource sharing between different users. It thus simplifies the work of users by giving them the illusion of using a traditional computer while removing the burden of complex resource management issues of a typical Grid environment. When a user runs an application on XtreemOS, the operating system automatically finds all resources necessary for the execution, configures user's credentials on the selected resources and starts the application.
Learn more about XtreemOS here, or watch the video below.
Try XtreemOS right now in the open testbed.
Download the last stable version.
Watch some featured applications running with XtreemOS.
Take a look at our testimonials
This video is an introduction to the capabilities of XtreemOS, presented by some key XtreemOS members.
The XtreemOS Project gathers 19 partners from Europe and China, from academic and industrial backgrounds. The main objective of the XtreemOS project is to design and develop the XtreemOS grid operating system. XtreemOS is a silver organizational member of the OGF community. XtreemOS is funded by the European Commission through the Information Society Technology under contract IST-FP6-033576.
Learn more about the XtreemOS Project.
From XtreemOS Grids to Contrail Clouds:
The goal of the Contrail project is to design, implement , evaluate and promote an open source system in which resources that belong to different operators are integrated into a single homogeneous Fedarted Cloud that users can access seamlessly. Contrail will vertically integrate an open source disitrbuted operating system for autonomous resource management in Infrastructure-as-a Service environments, and high level services and runtime environments as foundations for Platform-as-a-Service.
Contrail will leverage the open source XtreemOS system, which was designed for large scale dynamic infrastructures.
-------- --------- ----------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ----------
XtreemOS is also experimented with Nimbus and Open Nebula.


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Die Grafen von Saurma, Freiherren von und zu der Jeltsch sind eine schlesische Adelsfamilie.

Geschichte
Das Geschlecht stammt ursprünglich aus Gefrees in Oberfranken bei Berneck und beginnt seine Stammreihe 1420 mit Conrad Sauermann. 1508 erwarb der Breslauer Schöffe, Ratsherr, Kaufmann und Patrizier Konrad Sauermann die Herrschaft Jeltsch. Er ließ 1518 die dortige Burg auf einer Oderinsel wiederauf- und umbauen. Am 29. August 1530 wurde er mit einer Wappenbesserung in den Adelsstand erhoben und seine Nachkommen 1647 in den Reichsfreiherrnstand (als Saurma von und zu der Jeltsch).

1798 wurde die ältere katholische Linie (auf Jeltsch-Laskowitz) in den preußischen Grafenstand erhoben, unter Beibehaltung des Reichsfreiherrntitels, als Grafen von Saurma, Freiherren von und zu der Jeltsch. Die jüngere katholische Lorzendorfer Linie wurde 1840 in den preußischen Grafenstand in der Primogenitur erhoben, die übrigen Linienangehörigen führten den Freiherrentitel Saurma von der Jeltsch; gleichzeitig wurde auch die evangelische Ruppersdorfer Linie in den primogenen Grafenstand erhoben, sie schrieb sich teilweise Sauerma.

Die Familie stellte zahlreiche schlesische Rittergutsbesitzer sowie preußische Beamte und Politiker.

Besitzungen
Älteste Besitzung der Familie war seit 1508 die Herrschaft Jeltsch im Fürstentum Ohlau, die seit 1569 zusammen mit drei weiteren ehemals bischöflichen Gütern zum Fideikommiss vereint wurde, der 2.200 Hektar umfasste. Im Jahre 1623 zerstörte ein Brand die Burg Jeltsch, dem Wiederaufbau folgten die Wirren des Dreißigjährigen Krieges, durch welche die Anlage erneut verwüstet wurde. Die Familie nahm im benachbarten Laskowitz ihren neuen Sitz, später diente das dortige Schloss der in Breslau lebenden Familie als Jagdsitz. 1829 ließ Gustav Graf von Saurma-Jeltsch nordöstlich des Ortes Laskowitz ein neues Schloss erbauen, das in den Jahren 1886 und 1894 erweitert wurde. Mit dem Jeltscher Fideikommiss waren auch die Güter Zindel (Landkreis Breslau) und Suckau (Kreis Glogau) verbunden.

Einer jüngeren Linie der Familie gehörten die Güter Lorzendorf und Oberstruse bei Neumarkt sowie der Fideikommiss Sterzendorf. Eine weitere Linie besaß das Majorat Ruppersdorf mit Zülzendorf, Kreis Nimptsch (heute Sulisławice, Powiat Ząbkowicki). Um 1900 war auch die Burg Nimmersath im Besitz der Saurma.

Durch die Flucht und Vertreibung Deutscher aus Schlesien und die damit einhergehenden Enteignungen verlor die Familie 1945 ihren schlesischen Güterbesitz. Durch Heirat ist heute das Schloss Plausdorf in Hessen im Familienbesitz.

Wappen

Das Stammwappen zeigt in Blau einen goldenen Schrägrechtsbalken, darin einen laufenden roten Wolf. Auf dem Helm mit rot-goldenen Helmdecken der Wolf wachsend mit blankem Schwert im Fang.
Das Wappen von 1530 (Linie Jeltsch) ist beidseits in Blau gespalten, rechts ein halber silberner Adler am Spalt, links das Stammwappen. Die Helmzier wie bei dem Stammhelm.
Das Wappen von 1600 (Linien Jeltsch, Lorzendorf und Zülzendorf) zeigt in gespaltenem Schild rechts in Schwarz einen gold gekrönten goldenen Löwen, links in Gold einen schwarzen bekrönten Adler. Auf dem Helm mit schwarz-goldenen Decken der Adler.
Das Wappen von 1846 (Linie Ruppersdorf und Zülzendorf) zeigt in gespaltenem Schild rechts in Blau einen halben goldenen Adler am Spalt, links in Rot in goldenem Schrägrechtsbalken einen laufenden natürlichen Fuchs. Drei Helme: Auf dem rechten mit rot-goldenen Decken ein gold gekrönter und -bewehrter schwarzer Adler, auf dem mittleren mit rechts rot-goldenen und rechts blau-goldenen Decken der Fuchs wachsend mit gold-begrifftem blanken Schwert im Fang, auf dem linken mit blau-goldenen Decken drei (rot-gold-blau) Straußenfedern. Schildhalter: zwei vorwärts-sehende, um Haupt und Lenden grün bekränzte wilde Männer, sich mit der freien Hand auf je eine Keule stützend.

Bekannte Familienmitglieder
 Anton Saurma von der Jeltsch (1836–1900), deutscher Diplomat
 Anton Johannes von Saurma-Jeltsch (1832–1891), schlesischer Rittergutsbesitzer und preußischer Hofbeamter
 Arthur von Saurma-Jeltsch (1831–1878), Gutsbesitzer und Reichstagsabgeordneter
 Douglas Graf von Saurma-Jeltsch (* 1966), Betriebswirt, Botschafter des Souveränen Malteserordens in Litauen
 Friedrich von Saurma (1908–1961), deutsch-amerikanischer Raumfahrtingenieur
 Gustav von Saurma-Jeltsch (1824–1885), Herrschaftsbesitzer und Mitglied des Deutschen Reichstags
 Hugo Freiherr von Saurma-Jeltsch (1837–1896), deutscher Numismatiker, Sphragistiker und Heraldiker
 Johann Georg von Saurma-Jeltsch (1842–1910), Fideikommissbesitzer und Mitglied des Deutschen Reichstags
 Johannes von Saurma (1851–1916), schlesischer Gutsbesitzer und Politiker
 Lieselotte E. Saurma-Jeltsch (* 1946), Schweizer Kunsthistorikerin und emeritierte Hochschullehrerin
 Max von Saurma (1836–1909), schlesischer Gutsbesitzer und Politiker

Siehe auch
 Codex Saurma, ein Wappenbuch aus dem Jahre 1490, eine Quelle für Johann Siebmachers Wappenbuch

Literatur
 Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Adelslexikon Band XII, Band 125 der Gesamtreihe GHdA, C. A. Starke, Limburg an der Lahn 2001, S. 272–274.
 Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Gräflichen Häuser 1896, Jg. 69, Justus Perthes, Gotha 1895, S. 966
 Ernst Heinrich Kneschke (Hrsg.): Neues allgemeines deutsches Adels-Lexicon. Band 8, Friedrich Voigt, Leipzig 1868, S. 59–61
 Ernst Heinrich Kneschke: Deutsche Grafen-Häuser der Gegenwart in heraldischer, historischer und genealogischer Beziehung, Band 2, T.O. Weigel, Leipzig 1853, S. 348–350

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Schlesisches Adelsgeschlecht

Gesellschaft (Preußen)


85 days. Similar to red-fruited Cherokee but much darker. Vigorous indeterminate plants produce slightly flattened, 13-14 ounce tomatoes with a purple cast and a good, rich flavor. Shoulders will remain green when ripe. When we first began selecting and developing our strain it was fairly stingy with its yields. Now it's one of the best-producing heirloom tomatoes we grow.
Favorite of the season! Beautiful, superb flavor. I will plant every year!
I had one plant this year of this variety. I weigh all of my harvest and this one was fabulous at over 30 pounds of fruit for the one plant. Next year, I'll plant more than one.
The tomatoes are beautiful and tasty but don't produce as much as my Black Krim in the same raised garden bed. Nice tomato but don't expect a big yield.


Stephen Miller serves as a worship pastor at Prestonwood in Dallas, Texas. He is a husband, father of five, songwriter, and author of two books, including Liberating King.
Sometimes it seems as if many believers feel the need to alter who they are when they come to God in prayer, particularly when others are around. As if God will not hear them if they are themselves, they play characters, hoping to be more acceptable to God and others.
I have personally struggled over the years with what to say and how to say it when I pray. I'm in good company. Even the apostles asked Jesus to teach them to pray. And with kind, compassionate patience in his voice, he taught them to pray simply, humbly, confidently, according to God's word, and for God's glory.
You could sum up Jesus's teaching into a few guiding principles.
1. Slow down and be okay with silence.
There is no need to use filler language to take up every ounce of space in prayer, as if the Lord can't handle the silence or doesn't have time to listen. You don't have to speed through like an auctioneer.
I know that I am not God, but in my flesh, I might be too weirded out to get a burger with that guy. If we would naturally react to someone talking to us that way, why do we feel the need to speak that way to God? He knows our hearts. Slow down. Be okay with pauses. Perhaps God wants to speak to you in the silence.
2. Pray to God as Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
God is Trinity: one God, three distinct persons, each person fully God. It is truly a great mystery, and I don't know that we will ever understand it this side of heaven. Yet each person within the Trinity is distinct. The Father is not the Son, and the Son is not the Spirit. We rightly relate to God as a Trinity, adoring and thanking and pleading with Father, Son, and Spirit in our prayers. Yet while doing this, it can be easy to get confused and begin to thank the Father for dying on the cross and so on and so forth.
While God knows what we mean and sees past our broken prayers, this has got to confuse people who are listening to our prayers, trying to pray along in agreement. When you pray, consider the person of the Trinity to whom you are praying. The Father sends the Son to be the Savior of the world. The Son came obediently, died in our place, rose from the dead, then sent his Spirit to convict of sin, to convince of truth, and to equip and empower us. So as we pray, pray with that in mind.
My Great Grandpa was a firm believer that the only inspired word of Scripture was the King James Version. When he quoted Scripture (and he could quote most of the Bible I think), it was always KJV.
While he was one of the biggest spiritual influences in my life, it was odd to me when he began to pray out loud, because he prayed in old English. "Our Gracious Heavenly Father, Thou hast bestowed upon us this bountiful feast and the glory belongest to Thou and Thou alone. Wouldst Thou blesseth this meal by Thine own good pleasure . . . " Then, once he said amen, he would resume speaking in modern language. When you pray, there is no need to speak like someone from a bygone era in order to sound more spiritual or reverent. Use normal language, and pray like yourself.
4. Use your normal voice.
We have all heard the hyped-up emotional vocal inflections of a man trying to sell a prayer the way a voice-over actor sells a product. He may talk like Ron Burgundy in real life, but as soon as he begins praying, his voice takes on a reflective Enrique Iglesias whisper that sounds a bit like being on the verge of tears while trying to woo someone into making an emotional decision.
We should pray with all of our emotions and affections, but it must be sincere and authentic. If you're moved, be moved, but be real about it. No need to alter your voice or manufacture emotion. God knows our hearts better than we know ourselves.
Our prayers can be simple and still faith-filled. I often say that God can use a three-minute worship song as much as a nine-minute worship song. The same is true of prayer. God won't hear us any more because of our long-windedness. Prayer isn't a love bank where many words equal a more substantive deposit. Our prayers don't have to be long or eloquent.
When Jesus taught his disciples to pray, he taught them a short prayer that exemplified the vertical (glorifying God) and the horizontal (edifying others) aspects of prayer. When praying with others, aim to build them up with short, thoughtful prayers, and if you feel the need to pray longer, go to God "in secret" (Matthew 6:6).
It's never too late to be yourself. God is looking for a relationship with us, not whomever it is that we are trying to act like when we come to him. Prayer starts with our adoption in Christ. That's why Jesus taught us to begin with God as "Our Father." There is an intimate reverence there — a humble familiarity.
Prayer is naturally one of the most spiritual things we can do as believers, so we don't need to add anything extra to over-spiritualize it. We can simply come as deeply joyful sons and daughters with reverent awe that we have been rescued by a God who loves us and hears us.
Stephen Miller (@stephenmiller) serves as a worship pastor at Prestonwood in Dallas, Texas. He is a husband, father of five, songwriter, and author of two books, including Liberating King.


China accounts for nearly half of the incidence and mortality of lung cancer in the world. Furthermore, trends in lung cancer in China are increasing younger in age and the situation is deteriorating. As a whole although screening for early lung cancer may cause a small fraction of overdiagnosis and anxiety of the population, screening for lung cancer can significantly reduce the mortality of the leading malignant disease. Large scale screening usually faces the diameters of small pulmonary nodules less than 10 millimeters of which the malignant feature can't be directly judged. Follow up the status of these suspicious small nodules and select and the ideal treatment model. China must take measures to avoid lagging behind developed courtiers in combating with this malignant disease which is deteriorating.
An estimated 733,300 new cases of lung cancer and 610,200 related fatalities occur in China each year.1 The number of cases in China accounts for almost half of the total cases worldwide. Furthermore, the incidence of lung cancer in China is increasing, and patients are becoming younger.
Overall, although screening for early lung cancer may result in a small fraction of overdiagnosed cases and lead to patient anxiety, lung cancer screening can significantly reduce the mortality of the leading malignant disease. Screening can identify a proportion of patients with early-stage disease who are able to undergo curative therapy timely; which could lead to the increase in the overall survival rate.
With China's economic development and reform of its medical health system, the government must undertake measures to avoid lagging behind developed countries in combating this malignant disease.


Are you presenting your organization and your work in ways that both engage donors and inspire giving? Let Barefoot Creative help ensure your donors are loyal and your programs are funded. Explore these strategies of fundraising to get you started, then give us a call to set your plan in motion.
Many not-for-profits are eager to inspire people with their work, but hesitant to ask supporters or pre-supporters to join their efforts. The best fundraising clearly defines the call to action with a specific offer personalized to their audience.
Ask boldly and ask often. Within the organization, you may feel your donors are fatigued by online, email, social, letters and offers. In contrast, that donor may receive mail daily from a multitude of sources. Without your offer in the mix, you could be losing out.
Remember, the donor is excited to join in your work! As non-profits, we need to re-think the way we approach our supporters. They are not supporting our organization – they are investing in change.
Whether it's humanitarian relief, reaching the lost, post-secondary education, or whatever your focus, you're empowering the donor to accomplish something they could never do on their own!
According to an Ignite Lab public opinion poll, 82% of Canadians believe charities are important and 76% of Canadians think charities have a positive impact.
People believe in what you do!
Whatever your organization's mission, we know you're doing great work. Let your accomplishments motivate your fundraising to inspire others to join the work.
You give ordinary people to a chance to change their community, and the world. Build a long-term relationship with supporters, making them a partner in your mission.
B - When you give $30, a child in Africa is given everything they need to start school – books, pencils and a uniform. Without this education, they're sentenced to a life of poverty.
The choice is obvious, yet we see option 'A' being used often as organizations try to ensure all bases are covered in funding their programs. All tests show that to raise more funds, strategically drill down to a more specific and understandable offer.
Also, make your response device clear and simple. If a donor has to work too hard to give you a gift, they're likely to give up trying. Your online form should be as simple as iTunes or Amazon. If you are sending a paper form, clear the form of unnecessary information. Make sure the donor can fill the form out easily (even better – fill it out for them).
Aunt Mae is not trend-setting. Cousin Billy, while his complaint about your online approach to raising money may be valid, it may not fit your audience. We know that, in some cases, campaigns that have the most complaints also have the highest return on investment. Why? Because they create an emotional response.
Practise graphing results, analyzing the big picture. While your donor/customer service team should always engage personally with donors/customers, marketing decisions are made on the basis of trends, not personal opinion.
True story… a client requested an entire mail campaign be written with a "country rose" coloured font. Of course, we balked. They insisted. It was a fantastic experience (the client will never suggest that again). We know you have similar stories. Testing is fantastic. Trust the results because they will help you understand the trends of your audience.
We can learn so much by monitoring the trends of giving, not the individual statistics. Keep moving forward, track and study the trends, then look at the big picture.
For some charities, including a premium gift with the mailing will boost donations. In others, that same premium will make giving plummet. We can only know what works best with your audience if we test.
Be strategic. The component you're testing must have measurable, not anecdotal, results. Keep all other aspects the same to ensure a more accurate test.
For example, if you're testing your outer envelopes, ensure all inside components between segment A and segment B are identical. If not, you won't have a definitive understanding of the role the outer envelope played in overall giving.
There are times to test creative and make a whole new package. The winning package then becomes the control and you can start testing that package. Knowing the trends of your donor base takes the guess work out of marketing.
Our studies show that the biggest barrier to organizational growth is acquisition. TV, once very successful at inviting new donors to join, has plummeted (with a few exceptions). It is tempting to cut out the acquisition budget, as the short-term ROI is often in the negative. Inexperienced fundraisers are appalled at the cost of new acquisition.
Cultivating your loyal donors has a much bigger pay-off in the short-term.
But discontinuing acquisition is devastating. Acquisition is a key component of long-term success.
We have seen it. For two or three years the organization sees a rise in revenue and a real rise in ROI. Then it starts to drop. Within five years, there is a real problem. Old donors drop off, and without a solid acquisition strategy, your revenue begins to plummet.
Integration is imperative when attempting to cut through the noise of today's busy world and get your brand noticed. Online, face-to-face and direct mail work together to reinforce a consistent message to potential donors.
Today, the organizations with the fastest growth are organizations invested in brand and acquisition.
Yes, acquisition costs money. But keep your eyes on the goal. The lifetime value of your donor is what to keep in mind when acquiring new partners. There is no ideal cost per new donor – you need to look at your own history to reveal the lifetime value of each donor, how long before the acquisition cost is recouped and how many new donors become major donors.
But one thing is definitive – without any acquisition initiatives, your organization will most certainly be in trouble down the road.
95% of donors in a recent study stated they would appreciate a thank-you call within a day or two of the organization receiving their donation.
84% said they would definitely, or probably, give a larger gift.
We can further build relationships with our donors by investing in your relations team. Software like Barefoot DIGITAL helps your team to quickly access, on their smartphone, data about a particular donor – their giving preferences, donation history and any other notes you've acquired.
This makes personal visits and phone calls easy and helps you donor feel appreciated.
Whether mass, middle or major donor, make sure you're listening and responding to keep the conversation going and the relationship strong.
Lapsed donors are important to our overall fundraising strategy – that's why we haven't deleted their names! There are many reasons a person might not give a gift. Perhaps this is a temporary season in their life when they cannot give, but they're still engaged with your organization, so don't forget about them!
At least twice a year, consider sending a special appeal that recaptures this donor group's attention. Something hard-hitting and personal. You can also consider an integrated phone campaign to do a quality check on these donors.
Who should be considered part of the "deep lapsed" donor group? We would suggest you include donors who have not given a gift in up to 60 months. One client reached out to donors who hadn't given in 5-10 years. The result? Huge success... over 5% of the donors they reached out to gave a gift.
While there are several strategic factors involved in creating a successful fundraising appeal, we need to capture the donors' attention with an emotional hook.
Your story should be told the way we learned in grade school – set the scene, illustrate the crises, tell the climax of the story… but then leave the donor wanting a bit more. In a traditional story arc, we would normally solve the crises in the 'falling action' stage of our story before wrapping everything up nicely for the end.
When telling a story in fundraising, we need the donor to remember the crises are only solved when they give a gift. The DONOR is the solution. If we wrap up the story and solve the crises in the appeal letter, we're telling the donor they aren't needed in our story.
Remember, your organization's work is valuable. There is no need to inflate the truth or create unnecessary drama – trust your mission, trust your donor and honour the beneficiaries by telling the true story of need.
Part of cultivating your donors is letting them know when their support has accomplished great things! Thanking your donors should be a regular habit – done quickly and after every gift.
But if you're able to share a more in-depth success with your donors through a special evening or online event, go for it! Seeing the results of their donations both affirms their decision to give to you and encourages them to keep giving more.
There's a rhythm to donor cultivation and fundraising. To create long-term donors who are faithful to your mission, you need to be consistent in building that relationship.
If you're constantly reinventing yourself, your visual brand, your offers, your message… your donors aren't going to recognize you. They know the organization they first gave to – nurture that relationship with consistency, familiarity and appreciation to ensure long-term donors.
True story… a client was really excited about adding new programs to their mission. With each new program, they created an entirely new brand. It was exciting! We had long discussions about building the parent brand, ensuring long-term donor loyalty. They weren't convinced. From their perspective, the excitement around new images, names and icons created more support.
Then the executive director came face-to-face with the power of brand. During his annual visit with one of his most faithful and generous donors, he learned that the donor was changing allegiances. The donor's son had had a life-changing experience that summer, and the father was putting his financial support towards that organization. Politely, the E.D. asked what the organization was. The E.D. was grateful to hear it was one of their programs – branded and communicated in a way that it was impossible to link it to the mother brand.
Make sure your brand is strong and stick to the brand, even if you like making new icons.
When you visit faithful donors, know the background. The E.D. should have known that the donor's son was a volunteer in their program. Ensure that kind of data is easily available to your face-to-face fundraisers.


text:
"AUTUMN IN NEW YORK"
(2000) (Richard Gere, Winona Ryder) (PG-13)
Drama: A middle-aged playboy with an aversion to commitment finds himself falling for a woman half his age who may not have long to live.
Will Keane (RICHARD GERE) is a successful and suave New York restaurateur and renowned ladies man, whose age of forty-eight has neither hampered nor slowed down his efforts in either field. Charlotte Fielding (WINONA RYDER), on the other hand, is a still somewhat awkward 22-year-old woman known best for making bizarre hats. When the two meet on Charlotte's birthday through her salty grandmother, Dolores (ELAINE STRITCH), whom Will has known for quite some time, the sparks immediately fly between them, despite their differences in age.
Ever the womanizer and after an amorous evening, Will tells Charlotte that this romance won't work between them. She agrees, but for different reasons as she then informs him that she's living on borrowed time since she has a non-cancerous tumor growing inside her heart that should have killed her by now. Despite warnings from Dolores and advice from his friend and restaurant worker, John (ANTHONY LaPAGLIA), not to get involved with Charlotte, her candid disclosure has now made him fall for her.
With word from Charlotte's physician, Dr. Sibley (MARY BETH HURT), that Charlotte probably has less than a year to live, Will sets out to make her remaining time as enjoyable as possible. Yet, his involvement with several women from his past, Lynn (JILL HENNESSY), a former girlfriend and Lisa (VERA FARMIGA), the adult daughter he's never met, soon impact his and Charlotte's relationship. As Charlotte's condition continues to deteriorate and her love affair with Will hits its share of bumps in the road, they try to make things work out before time runs out for both her and them.
If they're fans of Gere, Ryder or attempted tearjerker romantic dramas, they just might (the target audience among kids seems to be teenage girls).
For language and some sensuality.
RICHARD GERE plays a middle-aged restaurateur with a reputation as a ladies man. He ends up falling for Charlotte and wishes to move on after bedding her, but changes his mind after hearing of her terminal disease. He can't change his ways, however, and has sex with an old girlfriend on a building rooftop (not seen) at a party he's attending with Charlotte. As her condition worsens, however, he changes his ways and tries to care for her while also finally taking responsibility for being the absent father to another young adult woman. He also briefly uses strong profanity.
WINONA RYDER plays a young woman facing a terminal illness who becomes smitten with Will and ends up in bed with him. Looking for love in her remaining time on Earth, she becomes angry with him upon learning of his return to his womanizing ways.
ELAINE STRITCH plays Charlotte's salty grandmother who cusses some and bemoans what age has done to her.
ANTHONY LaPAGLIA plays Will's friend and restaurant worker who tries to advise him about his relationship with Charlotte and briefly uses some strong profanity.
VERA FARMIGA plays Will's adult daughter who's finally tracked him down.
JILL HENNESSY plays an old girlfriend of Will's who apparently seduces him at a party (since they end up having sex on the rooftop).
Curious if this title is entertaining, any good, and/or has any artistic merit?
Then read OUR TAKE of this film.
(Note: The "Our Take" review of this title examines the film's artistic merits and does not take into account any of the possibly objectionable material listed below).
The following is a quick summary of the content found in this PG-13 rated romantic drama. Profanity is rated as heavy due to 2 uses of the "f" word, while a handful of other expletives and colorful phrases are also uttered. A sexual encounter is partially seen (but mostly obscured), while two others occur off camera. Some non-explicit sexually related dialogue is also present.
The male protagonist is known as a womanizer and in one instance he cheats on his girlfriend with an ex-girlfriend and we learn that he fathered a child in the past but wanted nothing to do with her. Some viewers may also not like the May-December romance angle between him (age 48) and a 22-year-old woman. One character is dying from a terminal illness and much of the material revolves around that issue.
Beyond that, several characters drink and some brief smoking occurs. The rest of the film's remaining categories, however, have little or nothing in the way of other major objectionable content. That said, should you still be concerned about the film and its appropriateness for anyone in your home, you may want to take a closer look at our detailed content listings for specific examples of what occurs in the film.
Some people in Will's restaurant have drinks.
Charlotte and her friends have wine or champagne, while Delores has a drink.
People have wine/champagne at a reception.
John pours Will a drink.
Delores has a drink and offers one to Will who asks for Scotch.
Will tells Charlotte that her mother was rather straight and only tried drugs once (when a lifeguard gave her a hash brownie that she threw up back on him).
People, including Charlotte, have wine in Will's restaurant.
Will has a glass of wine.
People drink at a party, including Will who has a beer.
Will visits Charlotte in the hospital where she's on some sort of painkillers. He asks her how she feels and she replies, "Stoned."
Will is a womanizer who retreats to his old ways (having casual sex with an old girlfriend and lying to Charlotte about that) despite being involved with Charlotte. Some may also see him as having a bad attitude for dating/sleeping with Charlotte who's young enough to be his daughter.
Will lies to Charlotte about him having a date that then cancelled on him, but does so in order to go out with Charlotte.
After succeeding in bedding Charlotte, Will tries to put an end to any romantic thoughts she might have about them.
Some may offended by a comment Delores makes about "one day you're as rich as an Arab, the next day you're lucky if you can afford pistachio nuts."
We learn that Will wanted nothing to do with the daughter he had as a result of one of his womanizing flings. We also learn that he cheated on the mother of that child.
Will tells Charlotte that in his opinion women seem to love it when they're lied to.
Will lies to Charlotte about where he went one day (but only to keep her from getting mad about him seeing a doctor about her).
The few scenes where Charlotte has an adverse reaction to her condition and/or passes out and has to be rushed to the hospital may be unsettling or suspenseful to some viewers.
Phrases: "Bullsh*t," "You're sh*tting me," "Pissed," "Kicked my ass," "Bitch," "Uncultured swine," "Creep" and "Nuts" (crazy).
A tiny bit of suspenseful music plays in one scene.
At least 2 "f" words, 4 "s" words, 3 S.O.B.s, 2 damns, 1 ass, 1 hell, 4 uses each of "Oh God" and "Oh my God," 3 of "God" and 1 use of "G-damn" as exclamations.
Charlotte's gay friend jokingly says that she might have a fight on her hands after both get an initial look at Will.
John makes a comment along the lines of too much sex being bad for the brain, while his wife then makes a comment about them having sex three times a week.
Charlotte shows some cleavage in a low-cut dress.
Will and Charlotte make out for the first time on their first date (at a reception) and we then see her in his bed (under the sheets with a few glimpses of the top of her bare back) the next morning, implying that they had sex (she even states that he looks guilty about their encounter).
Charlotte tells Will, "If you wanted to seduce me, all you had to do was ask." He then points out that that wouldn't be considered a seduction then.
Charlotte discovers Will and Lynn coming down some stairs from a rooftop setting. Later, she asks if he had sex with Lynn. He asks "ever?" and then denies doing so at the party (saying that it's not his "style"). Eventually, however, Charlotte gets the truth out of him and he admits to having sex with Lynn on the roof during the party (although he says it meant nothing to him). Later, Will admits this to John (that he had sex with Lynn up on John's roof).
Charlotte states that her definition of a womanizer is a man who has sex with many women and is good at lying about it.
Delores tells Charlotte that her mother (Charlotte's) never slept with Will, but does say that he was "knocking up" the mother's friend while seeing her.
We see Will and Charlotte making out while lying down (clothed) and then see the palm of her hand pressed against a smoked pane of glass. We then see just their heads sticking out beyond this glass with him behind her, apparently having sex (we see some implied movement but no nudity, as well as her pleasured facial expression, brief related sounds and their hands clasped together).
Charlotte asks whether an opportunity that Will mentioned he had on a trip was professional or sexual and he jokingly kids that it was sexual (it wasn't).
Delores smokes once while some miscellaneous characters also smoke.
Although we never really learn what happened to Charlotte's parents, it's implied that they were killed in an accident sometime in the past.
Will finally meets Lisa, his adult daughter he's only once seen in a photograph (meaning he was never there to help raise her as a child).
May-December romances and whether there's anything wrong with them and whether the ages (20 and 50 vs. 40 and 70, etc.) make any difference.
Terminal illnesses and what one would hope to do in their last weeks and months.
Reviewed August 11, 2000 / Posted August 11, 2000