Hi everyone. I've seen people with battery-operated string lights that I'm certain are UV LEDs, and I'm wondering where I can get them. I've tried looking online, but I've only found one item for sale that explicitly says "UV" or "blacklight". There's tons of "purple" LED string lights out there, but those could be purple or UV, and I know I can't trust the photos.
Most LED's labeled UV are 405nm, emit mostly visible purple light, and aren't really a UV light. Look for products labeled 365nm, these actually emit most of their light in the UV spectrum.
405 nm is actually what I want.
I'm having trouble finding them in string form.
Would this be of any use? You would need your own power supply, but on the plus side, theyre dirt cheap!
I've thought about getting those, but I need to learn more about LED power supplies.
Just get some "purple" LEDs. They'll be in the 405nm range. The "UV" LEDs you'll find around are usually cheap 385nm+ LEDs or so.
However, i would like to learn in depth about LED power supplies techniques & operations before making a purchase. Can anyone help me out in this regard?


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Congaree Foundation
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Q&A with Congaree Professional Ambassador Tommy Fleetwood
Tommy Fleetwood's distinguished career has turned him into a household name among golf fans. The Congaree Professional Ambassador has established himself among the game's professional elite, having won five times on the European Tour, notching second-place finishes in the U.S. and British Opens and suiting up for Europe's Ryder Cup team. Fleetwood visited Congaree ahead of this year's Masters Tournament (where he tied for 14thplace) and sat down with Bruce Davidson to talk about his formative development as a golfer and impart his advice to this year's incoming Congaree Global Golf Initiative class.
Bruce Davidson: Tommy, you and I both grew up in the U.K. - me in Aberdeen and you in Southport. I grew up on a park by the course, a wee golf course called Banchory Golf Club. But any time we got a chance to play on the links course, if you qualified for the Northeast boys or the Scottish boys, you go play at links golf course. Tell us what you experienced growing up in Southport.
Tommy Fleetwood: I grew up on the local muni. My dad played and my brother played and I started when I was like 6. I just wanted to go and they cut a club down and they let me hit some.
I was in a links town, an amazing golfing town. We had The Open Championship come to Birkdale every 10 years, so there was always a massive buzz about that. I grew up on the only part of the course in the town, and whenever I got the chance to go and play the links course it was like the most exciting time.
I went to The Open, and that was the first event I ever went to in 1998 when Mark O'Meara won. That was such an influential thing in my life, it just made me want to always practice. Monday night, Tuesday night, whatever night it was, I would go to the muni and I would try and play nine holes. I would putt on the putting green with my dad. We still do that now. That's something that never changed from when I was 7 up to now. I still love the game whether it be 18 holes or on the putting green with my dad. That time that we spent playing golf together has stuck and it's been so good for our relationship. It's always been a center point of my life.
Bruce: There's a story that I read that you used to sneak onto the golf course at Royal Birkdale through a hole in the fence. The members were fully aware of this, but because of your talent, and because they knew you knew you were a good player, they just kind of let you do that. Is that is that a true story?
Tommy: I didn't know that the members knew. I always thought we were the most stealth people on the planet and I snuck on a few times late. There's a massive field and we would go as a family, and we'd walk the dog. And then we'd go the other way around back and it was on to the 15th hole. You can't do it anymore. It's just bushes and shrubs that are on the ground. But there was always this little gap and we'd try to do a putt at the right time and even if it was just like a one shot on Birkdale... it was amazing. So yes, the story is true.
Then you look 20 years later in 2017 and I was playing in The Open at Birkdale. So that was a very special moment for me where I realized my life has come full circle and I was teeing up at The Open playing with Brooks Koepka and Hideki Matsuyama in the first two rounds in my hometown. It's funny where the game can take you.
Bruce: You did not go to college. You turned pro very early and you were the number one ranked amateur in the world, I believe, when you were 17 years old?
Tommy: I was 19 at that time. You're being very kind to me at 17 but it took me a bit longer.
Bruce: But to be the number one amateur in the world is incredible. Something we try to teach our CGGI kids is to get the opportunity to get an education. It gives you a backdrop if they don't turn out to be Tommy Fleetwood. Do you have any words of advice for our kids coming in here now that you know a little bit more about what the program does?
Tommy: Absolutely. And yes, I don't want to use the word lucky, but there was luck involved. I would say I had a very clear vision and a very clear goal of what I wanted to do. And you know, I didn't have the opportunities that some kids had and I sort of had to turn pro at an early age and make my way that way.
Having said that, I've lived my life at the elite end of the game. I continue to try and do my best and I'm doing okay, but I have hundreds of friends that I spent my life with playing the game of golf and whether they are now playing for fun, whether they're a tour pro, whether they're a coach, or whether they're an agent, a statistician, whatever it is, there are millions of forms of golf in this world. The biggest thing about golf is what good it actually does for people, through friendships, to whatever it is.
As for an education, I would never tell my kids to do what I did. I do believe that the structure, the good habits, surrounding yourself with amazing people, the influences, all of those are a massive part of what makes you the person you are later in life. To have this is an unbelievable opportunity. I'm really excited for the people that do get to go through this and see what joy the game of golf brings them and what opportunities it gives them later on.
Bruce. This is our first year we're going to do a European camp. We've got two groups of 12 young men and women coming to Congaree and then we're taking our team to Archerfield Links, just outside of Gullane, Scotland. A lot of kids have gone to college here and gone to the European tour. Do you see them being better golfers than if they had maybe tried to turn pro early and not make it?
Tommy: I think everybody develops at a different rate. But I think that when I see younger guys, I say younger - they're 22, 23 when they finish college - and they will come back as very well-rounded individuals. I think they have a lot of skills that don't necessarily require the golfing talent that carries them a long way. Again, I go back to structure, belief. I go back to good habits, the way they are with people and their motivations. I feel like a lot of them come out very ready to win from a competitive aspect.
From the day I turned pro and started growing up, I always had a massive interest in this style because I never did it. It was something that I didn't necessarily miss out on, but it was always something that fascinated me because I had gone down a different path.
Bruce: Next week is very important. You'll leave here and you'll go up to the hallowed grounds of Augusta National. I've seen you practice this week at Congaree and I'm amazed at your enthusiasm. You're out hitting balls at 8 o'clock in the morning and you're still hitting balls at 5 o'clock. Has Congaree shaped your practice habits? What is something that you like about our golf course that you think you can take with you?
Tommy: I like that I just walk out of my room and I'm on the chipping green. That's one thing that's great about it. I think the course is incredibly challenging, fast, sloping, firm. And I think when you get the opportunity to train in conditions like that, it's rare that you can find places difficult enough to make your training hard. But when you go into competition, the courses are either similar or actually feel a little bit easier. And that's a massive opportunity for me to use that and be out there practicing.
It's so peaceful when you're here. Golf is right there in front of you. There are people like you who love the game, who love hitting balls on the range and love talking about it and you have amazing conversations. And I think that for me, you know you have to get out of bed and you have to grind it out because it's a passion, but it's also a job and there are times when you just do what you have to do because you know you have to keep going. But when you're surrounded by people who motivate you and inspire you and create that love for the game then that's a massive advantage.
Bruce: Well, you've inspired us, Tommy. We're very proud to have you as an Ambassador of Congaree and we wish you the best of luck and thanks for taking time to talk to our CGGI participants. You're a great man.
Tommy: Thank you very much. I'm happy to be part of it.
Q&A with 2017 CGGI graduate Maeve Cummins
Q&A with 2019 CGGI graduate Cameron Guidry
2019 Congaree Foundation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Midas Touch
An Imperial carved giltwood ceremonial fauteuil, designed by Percier and Fontaine, made by Jacob-Desmalter in 1804, commissioned for Napoléon's Throne Room at the Palais de Tuileries
UK: Greenford Park
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17 October 2018 | 2:30 PM BST
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partially stamped "R.MESLEE"; stamped "TH. with three crowned fleur-de-Iys in an oval"; stenciled in black ink "17222"; inscribed label "Salle du Throne"; printed label "Château des Tuileries / 1829. No." with handwritten inscriptions "1535-8", and "Salon de réception / de Monseigneur / le Dauphin"; also stencilled in ink "1578".
total height: 105cm., floor to seat: 46cm., 67cm. wide, 54cm. deep; 3ft.5½in., 1ft.6in., 2ft.2¼in., 1ft.7¼in.
Delivered in 1804 to the Palais de Tuileries for the Throne Room, where it stayed until 1815; 1815-1822 Drawing room of King Louis XVIII; 1822-1824 Audience Chamber of the Duc d'Angouleme; 1824-1830 Audience Chamber of the Dauphin; 1830-1853 Location unknown within the Palais des Tuileries; 1853-1870 Drawing room of the Duc de Bassano, Grand Chamberlain to Napoleon III.
Property of a Private Collector, sold Sotheby's, Important Furniture, Silver, Ceramics and Clocks, London, 7th July 2009, lot 66;
Property of a Private Collector.
Jean-Pierre Samoyault, Mobilier Francais Consulat et Empire, Paris, 2009, p. 163.
Odile Nouvel-Kammerer (dir), L'Aigle et le Papillon: Symboles du pouvoir sous Napoleon, 1800-1815, (exh.cat.) Paris, 2008, p.197, nr. 100.
Marie-Noëlle de Grandy, Directoire, Consulat, Empire, Paris, Massin, coll. "Le Mobilier Français," 1996.
This very rare ceremonial armchair is the only known surviving example to the present day of the six armchairs commissioned for the Throne Room in the Imperial Palace of the Tuileries. It was designed and created for the 1804 Coronation of Napoléon by Percier and Fontaine, widely considered to be the main inventors of the Empire style, and made by Jacob-Desmalter, one of the greatest furniture makers of this period. This is a magnificent example of the ceremonial gravitas of the Napoleonic era.
Charles Percier (1764-1838) and Pierre-François-Leonard Fontaine (1762-1853)
The present model of ceremonial armchair was designed during the summer of 1804 by Percier and Fontaine, architects and decorators, partners from 1794, appointed architects to the government in January 1801. They had been in Rome from 1785 to 1790, where they had followed David's teaching, and they were fully familiar with Ancient Greek and Roman art, which was a major inspiration for their decoration and furnishing. Relating to their designs for chairs in general, the throne known as Bacchus's throne, produced in 1792 by the Roman sculptor Francesco Antonio Franzoni (which was subsequently installed in 1803 in the Galerie des Antiques of the Musée Napoleon in the Louvre), was a major source of inspiration for furniture makers in France, England and Italy and would have influenced the French designers. Percier and Fontaine transformed Napoleon's palaces into lavish showcases for French art and industry.
François-Honoré-Georges Jacob-Desmalter (1770-1841)
Second son of Georges Jacob (1739-1814), the major chair maker during the reign of Louis XVI, François-Honoré-Georges Jacob added Desmalter to his name in 1803 in memory of a family property at Chény in Burgundy called "Les Malterres". The Jacob Frères Company, set up in 1796, was dissolved on the death of the elder brother Georges in 1803. François-Honoré-Georges set up a new company with his father as business manager and himself as artistic manager. The stamp "JACOB.D. / R. MESLEE" (such as on the present fauteuil) was applied from 1803 to 1813. Established at 77, rue Meslée in Paris, the workshop specialised in woodwork including woodcarving, gilding and bronzes. The quality of its production was exquisite and gained him a Gold Medal at the Expositions des Produits de l'lndustrie Française in 1798, 1801, 1802 and 1806. The jury reported that "the various pieces exhibited by Mr. Jacob are finer than all others of their type, the ornamentation is magnificent, of exquisite taste and perfectly suited to the type of furniture on which it is applied, and to the decoration of the rooms where these pieces are to be placed'. The firm of Jacob-Desmalter had a wide reputation and in 1808 employed 332 workmen. They had numerous orders both from the Imperial household and from private clients, and a third of their production was intended for foreign customers.
Percier and Fontaine supplied Jacob-Desmalter with life-size drawings of the chairs for the Throne rooms at the Tuileries and Saint-Cloud palaces. Between late August and early September 1804, the firm of Jacob-Desmalter produced the frames and the carving, which were then covered with the traditional twelve layers of gesso and gilded. The frames were delivered to the Garde-Meuble's upholsterers who covered them with silk woven by Camille Pernon in Lyon. The chairs were installed in the Throne room at the Imperial Palace of the Tuileries on 1st December 1804, the day before the coronation.
Napoleon's Throne room at the Tuileries Palace
The decree of 28 floreal Year XII (18 May 1804) specified in article 2 that « Napoleon Bonaparte, presently First Consul of the Republic, is Emperor of the French ». Napoleon received the same titles as the Assemblée Constituante had given Louis XVI on 26th May 1791, and then revoked on 12th August 1792. The Tuileries Palace was the Emperor's principal residence. A Throne room was therefore necessary. The former state bedroom of Louis XIV, on the first floor of the palace and lit by three wide windows opening onto the Carrousel courtyard, was chosen for this. The ceiling, painted from 1666 to 1671 by Bertholet Flemael (1614-1675) with a scene showing Religion protecting France, the cartouches by François Girardon (1628-1715) and the stucco decoration by Louis Lerambert (1620-1670), along with the symbols of the Sun King including his motto «Nec pluribus impar», were of such an overwhelmingly royalist character that the Convention government had simply closed up the room.
Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Leonard Fontaine were put in charge of the redecoration and furnishing of the room. They devised a neo-classical scheme inspired by the Roman and Carolingian Empires. Towards the end of July 1804, Percier and Fontaine gave the plans for the throne to General Geraud-Christophe-Michel Duroc (1772-1813), Grand Marechal du Palais, so that they might be submitted to the Emperor. Apart from the final design, two others are known. One can see that the back, on both projects, and the armrests, on the second project, are very close to those for the ceremonial armchairs, such as the present fauteuil. The throne chair of Joseph Bonaparte, King of Spain and the Indies in 1808, visible on the portrait painted by Baron Gerard in 1810 (Musée National du Château de Versailles et des Trianons, MV 4891 ; INV 4783; LP 3066) has many similarities to the second design.
The painting by Innocent-Louis Goubaud (1783-1847) «The deputation from the Roman Senate paying homage to Napoleon I on 16 November 1809» (Musee National des Chateaux de Versailles et de Trianon, MV1506; INV4987; AC1772) provides an accurate view of the Throne room in the Imperial Tuileries Palace. The Throne room was used for ceremonies such as formal audiences, the presentation of the major state organizations, and the homage of civil servants. Napoleon used it to receive the Senate, the Conseil d'Etat, the Corps Legislatif, the Tribunat, the Cour de Cassation, or the representatives of these bodies. It was used also for the award of the Legion d'Honneur. The Emperor either sat on the throne, or stood near the chimneypiece. Some ceremonies took place in the presence of the Empress. From June 1804 it was decided to set up a Throne room in the Emperor's second residence, the Palace of Saint-Cloud, in the room formerly occupied by the Conseil d'Etat. While the throne chair was to be deliberately different, the various ceremonial chairs were all to be the same, and of the same number: six armchairs, six chairs and thirty-six folding stools. However, the Saint-Cloud throne chair was never put in place, as Napoleon preferred to use the Tuileries for solemn audiences.
Of all the ceremonial armchairs for the Throne rooms for Napoleon I, only those for the Tuileries and Saint- Cloud were of a contemporary style; they were specially designed and made for specific places and uses. The ébéniste Jacob-Desmalter, already a favorite of the First Consul Bonaparte, was put in charge of the manufacture of the chairs, including their carving and their gilding. Percier and Fontaine had supplied Jacob-Desmalter with life-size drawings. The two throne chairs and the ceremonial armchairs for the Imperial Palace of the Tuileries were to be produced before any of the other furniture destined for the room, and they were to be ready for the ceremony of the coronation. Immediately afterwards, Jacob-Desmalter produced the set of identical chairs for the Throne room at the Palace of Saint-CIoud.
In 1804, the ceremonial armchairs for the Throne room at the Imperial Palace of the Tuileries comprised: the throne armchair, six armchairs, six chairs and thirty-six folding stools. In 1806, for reasons of etiquette, the arrangement for throne rooms was changed; only two ceremonial armchairs remained, principally reserved for the use of the Empress and of Madame Mère, the Emperor's mother, as well as the thirty-six folding stools. All the chairs from the Tuileries were stored at the Garde-Meuble and four of the armchairs were stored close by in case of unforeseen need. The 1809 inventory indicates that the six chairs were returned from the Garde-Meuble by 1807 for the use of the princesses of the Imperial family.
The Throne room at the Palace of Saint-CIoud was less solemn than the one at the Tuileries. The throne armchair, which was used for the coronation at Notre-Dame on 2nd December 1804, never returned to Saint-CIoud. Stored at the Mobilier Impérial in Paris, it was used for all official ceremonies at Notre-Dame or in other places where the Emperor required it. The ceremonial armchairs, of the same type as the Tuileries ones and in the same quantity, were delivered by Jacob-Desmalter on 16th December 1804. Of the six ceremonial armchairs destined for Saint-CIoud, one frame alone is known at the Mobilier National (GMT 1306).
Provenance and History of the present ceremonial fauteuil
From 1804 to 1815, this armchair was one of the chairs of the Throne Room in the Imperial Palace of the Tuileries. After 1806, its use in the Throne Room was principally, or perhaps exclusively, for the Empresses, Josephine from 1804 to 1809, then Marie-Louise from 1810 to 1815, or for Madame Mère, mother of the Emperor and King.
During the Restauration period, this armchair remained in the King's drawing room of the palace. In 1822, King Louis XVIII decided to refurbish its furnishings. Two of the ceremonial armchairs were upholstered in blue damask and placed in the Audience Chamber of the Duc d'Angoulême, who occupied part of the former apartment of the King of Rome. In 1804, the Duc d'Angoulême became Dauphin of France upon the accession to the throne of his father Charles X. This armchair is marked with the number 1578 which corresponds to an entry in the 1829 inventory which stated that it formed part of the furnishings of the « Salon de Réception de Monseigneur le Dauphin ».
King Louis-Philippe, who reigned from 1830-1848, only moved into the Tuileries in October 1831, after the completion of major redecoration undertaken by the architect Pierre-François Léonard Fontaine. During his reign, and for the Second Republic (1848-1851), we have no information on the use of the Empire ceremonial armchairs. However, they must have remained in one of the rooms in the palace, as they are featured in a painting by Nicolas Gosse of 1838.
While Louis-Philippe's throne was destroyed during the sacking of the Tuileries Palace on 24 February 1848, the ceremonial armchairs from Napoléon I's Throne Room were spared. It appears that, in 1855, eight chairs of this model were in the Tuileries Palace in the Grand Salon of the Duc de Bassano. Napoleon Joseph Hugues Maret, Duc de Bassano, Grand Chamberlain to Napoleon III, and his wife, Pauline Van Der Linden d'Houghvorst (1814-1867), Lady-in-waiting to the Empress Eugenie from 1853 to 1867, resided in the palace. After the surrender of Sedan on 3rd September 1870, this ceremonial armchair may have been removed during the chaos of the emptying of the apartments, either by the Duc de Bassano himself, or by some other high official lodged in the Tuileries Palace. On 10th September 1870, the Provisional Government for National Defense passed a decree terminating the use of the Tuileries as a Palace. As a result, its contents had to be preserved. Some of the furniture was taken to the Mobilier National, while the works of art were stored in the reserves of the Louvre. Much was therefore spared from the tragic fire of 23rd May 1871.
Another possibility is that this armchair was included in one of the auction sales of objects no longer needed by the State or public administrative bodies. This would have had to be before 1894, as this chair does not bear the marks of the inventory taken on that date.
In 1837, King Louis-Philippe ordered from the painter Nicolas-Louis-Francois Gosse (Paris 1787- Soncourt 1878) a history painting showing the reception of the Austrian Ambassador by Napoleon at the Congress of Erfurt in 1808 (Musée National des Châteaux de Versailles et Trianon MV 1734; INV 4980; LP 3677), illustrated here in fig.1. The purpose of this Congress, which took place on 27th September to 14th October 1808, was for Napoleon to ensure that Russia would oppose any attack by Austria or Prussia during his Spanish expedition. On the picture, Napoleon is receiving Baron Vincent, an Austrian diplomat sent by Emperor Francis I. Five of the ceremonial armchairs from the Throne Room of the Tuileries Palace or from the Palace of Saint-CIoud, with their original crimson damask, feature in this painting, which acts as a collective portrait of princes and kings of the Rhine Confederacy. The chairs are placed behind the Emperor Napoleon I, behind the King of Saxony Frederic-William, behind the Russian Tsar Alexander I, behind the Prince Primat von Dalberg, and behind Prince Talleyrand. At Erfurt, Napoleon had done all he could to bolster French prestige. Though it has not been established with certainty, it is generally thought that Napoleon would have taken this suite of armchairs to Erfurt to impress his counterparts and promote French craftsmanship and inventiveness in design.
An overview of the labels and inventory marks
1. 17222 - stenciled in black ink on the far left of the inside of the back-rail, which refers to the Inventory number of the Garde-Meuble
2. Illegible pencil inscription to the right of the previous mark. Probably an upholsterer's note.
3. "Salle du Throne" - manuscript ink inscription on a glued label (damaged), to the right of the previous mark.
4. Château des Tuileries - printed label. / 1829. No. within a double line frame and handwritten inscriptions 1535-8, and Salon de réception / de Monseigneur / le Dauphin. This label is glued to the right of the previous mark.
5. R. MESLEE -Jacob Desmalter's partial stamp (the first part JACOB D. being illegible) is struck on the bottom of the rear seat-rail.
6. TH. and three crowned fleur-de-Iys in an oval brand mark applied to the right of the previous mark, which stands for the Restauration period mark for the Tuileries Palace.
7. 1578 - stencilled in ink on the inside of the right side-rail, just above the rear leg, which relates to another Inventory number of the Garde-Meuble.
Please note that we are grateful to Mr. Philippe Missillier for his extensive research which we partially used in footnoting the present lot.
Nicolas Gosse, The Congress of Erfurt in 1800, second half of 19th century. Photo © RMN-Grand Palais (Chateau de Versailles) Gerard Blot
This armchair is in overall good conserved condition presenting construction cracks as well as minor chips, craquelures and rubbing to gilding, especially on the legs, edges and joints. Retouching to gilding. Signs of a previous upholstery and some wearing and pulling to present brown upholstery. It would be advisable to have it professionally conserved in order to stabilize the gilding.


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February 6, 2013: Remembering Crummell and Douglass
[Last year, to honor Black History Month—which was created by my first Memory Day nominee!—, I remembered amazing African American writers: Lucille Clifton, Harlem Renaissance authors, Anna Julia Cooper, Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, and David Walker. This year, I'll focus on complex and compelling historical conversations. Please share your suggestions for figures, histories, and other African American and American stories and memories for the weekend post!]
On the impromptu debate, between two of the most impressive Americans, that exemplifies one of our most complex and crucial questions.
One of my most common topics in this space, including in this late August series, has been the challenges and yet the importance of remembering our darkest American histories. As I wrote in that week's third post, no national histories are darker nor more important for us to better remember than those of slavery; that's why, whatever its flaws or limitations, I'm on board with Quentin Tarantino's project in his latest film, Django Unchained. Yet in arguing for that importance, I can and should recognize the fact that it's significantly easier for me to say than it is for African Americans, for those who own darkest histories and heritages are directly tied to these national horrors. For that community, it's fair to ask whether remembering the histories of slavery is as important as trying to move beyond them and into a more positive future; and indeed, in the decades after emancipation and the Civil War many prominent African American voices argued precisely for, if not forgetting slavery, at least not focusing on keeping its memories alive.
Perhaps the leader of that movement was Alexander Crummell, the priest, philosopher, professor, and political activist whose impressive 19th century life and career spanned abolitionism, black nationalism and the development of the Liberian state, and many other causes. In the years after the Civil War, Crummell came to feel that only by moving beyond the memories of slavery could African Americans achieve success and equality; he developed that theme with particularly clarity in "The Need for New Ideas and New Aims for a New Era," his 1885 commencement address at Storer College, the newly founded freedmen's college in Harper's Ferry, West Virginia. In the audience was none other than Frederick Douglass, a trustee of the college and one of the few men who could equal Crummell's longstanding prominence in the African American community, and Douglass apparently objected vocally to Crummell's arguments. Unfortunately no specific transcript of Douglass's comments exists, but throughout this era Douglass certainly argued the opposite of Crummell's critique of "fanatical anxieties upon the subject of slavery"; for Douglass, instead, that dark history "could be traced [in American identity] like that of a wounded man through a crowd by the blood," and so must be followed and engaged with.
If we approach this debate from a scholarly perspective, as I did when I used the exchange to open a chapter of my first book, it seems clear enough that Douglass was right, that it's vital to remember even—perhaps especially—our darkest histories. But for those African American college graduates in the audience, just as for all African Americans in the era—and, in less immediate but still present ways, for all their descendents—the question was and remains far from simply academic. Obviously there is value, practical as well as philosophical, in remembering the worst parts of our pasts, for individuals, for communities, and for the nation. But as Crummell noted, to dwell upon such memories can make it significantly more difficult to live in the present and move into an even stronger future. So the key, perhaps, is to remember without getting lost, to engage without giving in to the most limiting or damaging effects. Easier said than done, of course—but both Crummell and Douglass, and many other inspiring and influential voices, give us models for such work.
Next conversation tomorrow,
PS. What do you think? Responses to these figures and questinos? Other Black History Month connections you'd share?
Labels: Historical Events/Issues, Historical Figures
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February 16-17, 2013: Crowd-sourced Love
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February 14, 2013: I Love Three Pages in Ceremony
February 13, 2013: I Love Plath's Most Personal Poem
February 12, 2013: I Love Chesnutt in His Journals
February 11, 2013: I Love the Shaws
February 9-10, 2013: Crowd-sourced Remembering
February 8, 2013: Remembering Baldwin and Buckley
February 7, 2013: Remembering Booker and Teddy
February 5, 2013: Remembering Delany and Lincoln
February 4, 2013: Remembering Wheatley and Washington
February 2-3, 2013: The Crowd-sourced Super Bowl!
February 1, 2013: Football in America, Part Four


Welcome to Bethany Area Realty…a small, independent firm that's big on service and experience! We are a full-service, boutique real estate brokerage that has been doing business in Bethany Beach and all the surrounding communities for more than 20 years. We focus on sales and rentals in the beach communities of: North Bethany, Bethany Beach, South Bethany, Middlesex Beach, Fenwick Island. The area of the Delaware Coast from Bethany Beach to Fenwick Island is known as the "Quiet Resorts", thanks to its beautiful beaches and the family-friendly atmosphere. Select from our list of communities to browse listings of single family homes, condos, and land in beautiful Southern Delaware.


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Home Warehousing TVS Supply Chain plans to invest Rs 1,100-crore in warehousing venture
TVS Supply Chain plans to invest Rs 1,100-crore in warehousing venture
TVS Supply Chain Solutions is planning to invest a whopping amount of $150 million (Rs 1,100 crore) to launch a new warehousing venture this month.
According to reports, the UK government's investment arm CDC is also supporting by investing in $50 million (Rs 369 crore).
Sources say, "The venture will focus on building modern warehouses on the outskirts of large industrial clusters such as Chennai and Pune, etc. The project will also focus on the growing e-commerce opportunities in the country.
A CDC Spokesperson said, "Though the exact area the venture is planning to build is not known, experts said with an investment of Rs 1,100 crore, a developer can build around nine million square feet, given the cost of construction comes to around Rs 1,500 per sq ft and land cost comes around Rs 2 crore per acre."
TVS Supply Chain Solutions is one of the largest warehousing companies with over 300 strategically located warehouses covering over 10 million sq ft of area in 29 states and union territories.
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Jack Nilles – amerykański naukowiec. Twórca pojęć telepracy (teleworking) i teledojazdów (telecommuting), które ukuł w 1973, czyli na dwadzieścia lat, zanim internet został oddany do komercyjnego użytku. Zgodnie z książką "Undress for Success" w 2009 Jack Nilles miał 75 lat.

Przed badaniami nad telepracą
Wcześniej pracował jako inżynier w NASA i amerykańskich Siłach Powietrznych, gdzie zajmował się m.in. projektowaniem systemów komunikacyjnych i pojazdów kosmicznych. Co więc skłoniło tego absolwenta trzech uczelni (Lawrence University, Ohio State University i UCLA), specjalizującego się w fizyce i inżynierii, szanowanego naukowca, by porzucił projekty związane z podbojem kosmosu na rzecz promowania pracy zdalnej? Jednym z bodźców było pytanie zadane Nillesowi przez planistę miejskiego z Los Angeles – "Skoro byliście w stanie wysłać człowieka na Księżyc, to może będziecie w stanie jakoś uporać się z ulicznym korkami?". Była to jedna z rzeczy, które zainspirowały Nillesa do idei, by ludzie zamiast dojeżdżać do pracy mogli wykonywać ją z bliższych lokacji (z domu lub z telecentrum). Teraz może się to wydawać takie proste i oczywiste, ale na początku lat siedemdziesiątych nie tylko nie było internetu, lecz nawet komputer osobisty dopiero wchodził na rynki. Dlatego z początku koncepcja pracy zdalnej mogła się wydawać niewiele mniej abstrakcyjna, niż podróże w kosmosie. Główną motywacją telepracy na samym początku było ograniczenie ruchu ulicznego, a dopiero z czasem okazało się, że telepraca ma szereg innych zalet.

Badania nad telepracą
Jack Nilles związał się z University of Southern California, gdzie kierował zespołem do spraw badań interdyscyplinarnych. W 1973 rozpoczął badania nad czymś, co początkowo nazywano "zastępowaniem transportu telekomunikacją", jednak zastąpiono je szybko nowo powstałymi pojęciami "telepraca" i "teledojazdy". W 1976 została opublikowana jego pierwsza książka "Telecommunications-Transportation Tradeoff: Options for Tomorrow", będąca wynikiem badań nad telepracą. Zachęcony tym sukcesem postawił wdrożyć pilotażowe programy telepracy w urzędach federalnych. Niestety mimo usilnych starań wszędzie spotykał się z odmową. Urzędy te nie widziały jeszcze wszelkich korzyści z telepracy. Przełomowa okazała się jednak współpraca z administracją stanu Kalifornia, która w 1983 zgodziła się sponsorować badania nad energetycznymi konsekwencjami telepracy, a z czasem rezultaty okazały się na tyle zachęcające, że zdecydowano się na wdrożenie pilotażowego programu na 230 telepracowników w latach 1987 – 1990. Program okazał się sukcesem.

W międzyczasie, Jack Nilles w 1980 założył firmę doradczą z zakresu telepracy – JALA International, której od 1989 (po odejściu z University of Southern California) poświęca cały swój czas. W połowie lat osiemdziesiątych nadzorował przygotowanie programów telepracy dla kilkunastu firm z listy 100 najlepszych firm według magazynu Fortune. Był przewodniczącym International Telework Association & Council (ITAC), a także członkiem grupy Management Group of the European Community Telework/Telematics Forum. Zyskał liczne nagrody za swoje badania nad telepracą, w szczególności w aspekcie zmniejszenia ruchu ulicznego, a co za tym idzie redukcji emisji spalin i ochrony środowiska. Na 1998 datuje się premierę jego najważniejszej książki "Managing Telework. Strategies for Managing the Virtual Workforce" (w Polsce wydano jako "Telepraca - Strategie kierowania wirtualną załogą"), która stanowi syntetyczne podsumowanie jego badań i praktycznych wdrożeń telepracy od 1973.

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Jack Nilles, "Telepraca - Strategie kierowania wirtualną załogą"

Amerykańscy naukowcy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: creating a regular link for custom wordpress post type I'm trying to add a link to the admin menu of an existing plugin. This link should point to a script on the server that downloads a csv file from the server.
I added the line - *'all_items' => __( 'Download Donors', 'pfund' ),* and the Download Donors option appeared in the menu. Currently the item points to edit.php. How do I get this link to point to the plugin folder where the csv generating script is located?
$campaign_def = array(
        'public' => true,
        'query_var' => 'pfund_campaign',
        'rewrite' => array(
            'slug' => $pfund_options['campaign_slug'],
            'with_front' => false
        ),
        'hierarchical' => true,
        'label' => __( 'Campaigns', 'pfund' ),
        'labels' => array(
            'name' => __( 'Campaigns', 'pfund' ),
            'singular_name' => __( 'Campaign', 'pfund' ),
            'add_new' => __( 'Add New Campaign', 'pfund' ),
            'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New Campaign', 'pfund' ),
            'download_donors' => __( 'Download Donors', 'pfund' ),
            'all_items' => __( 'Download Donors', 'pfund' ),
            'edit_item' => __( 'Edit Campaign', 'pfund' ),
            'view_item' => __( 'View Campaign', 'pfund' ),
            'search_items' => __( 'Search Campaigns', 'pfund' ),
            'not_found' => __( 'No Campaigns Found', 'pfund' ),
            'not_found_in_trash' => __( 'No Campaigns Found In Trash', 'pfund' ),
        ),
        'supports' => array(
            'title'
        ),
        'capabilities' => array(
            'edit_post' => 'edit_campaign'
        ),
        'map_meta_cap' => true
    );
    register_post_type( 'pfund_campaign', $campaign_def );
    register_post_type( 'pfund_campaign_list' );

A: do not double post again, please.
try this:
add_filter('post_row_actions','download_donors', 10, 2);

function download_donors($actions, $post){
    //check for your post type
    if ($post->post_type =="pfund_campaign"){
        //remove the default edit
        unset($actions['edit']);
        //set new action
        $actions['download_donors'] = 'Download Donors';
    }
    return $actions;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Welcome to our website about Hurricane Fins. We are a producer of high- end fins and keen on windsurfing, too. We think that long- term development and craftsmanship in Germany can create products which pass any competition.
Join Hurricane Fins now. We will meet us on the water!


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Q: Copying from existing project I have some problem in visual studio.Ok here is the scenario
first i add an existing project to my project in visual studio,and after that i tried to compile and run and it works properly...and then i exit the visual studio. and copy the folder or the visual studio solutions into my laptop.after that i open the visual solutions in my laptop after the visual studio loads,the project that i add before is greyed out and empty...can you help me on this please how can i see back my project that i add before.

A: Do you copy the project off your portable drive to your hardrive? Sometimes copying it off external drives has solved that issue for me.

A: When you add an existing project to a solution, you're adding a link.  You didn't copy the actual project, you just copied the link, which shows as empty on your laptop.
Right-click on the project and look at the properties, you should see the location.  This should show you the problem.
You won't be able to recover that project without going back to the source, you don't have the code on your laptop.
-t.


Looking for Myobrace in North Port? For an appointment at Sumter Dental Care call our office today at 941-876-4023 or make an appointment today.
For more information on Myobrace or early orthodontics, contact Sumter Dental Care at 941-876-4023.


A beautiful red flower found on The Wedge.
Did you know you can see the ocean from the top of our West Resort?
Mt. Baden Powell looming in the distance.
Love the view from North.
Our North Resort is currently being used as a heli pad. Thank you to everyone who fought the Blue Cut Fire.
The secret cabin at North.


A perfect afternoon treat for your pup! It's a doggie version of a chocolate chip cookie and it's gluten free! Contains unsweetened carob, wholegrain oats, rice flour and free range eggs covered in melted unsweetened carob drops. Contains 8 bikkies.


* Disable building the -gcj packages (not updated for 3.4.x).
- Clean tarball (no binaries included, no third party libs included).
- Add OSGi information to required build dependencies.
- Build using dependencies from the distribution repository.
don't include the copies included in eclipse.
- Disable the eclipse updater for components shipped with the distribution.


The Memories of Angels is a singular lesson in Montreal history with its famous figures, symbolic places and ordinary citizens. The film moves from the red light district to Jean Drapeau, the Jacques-Cartier market, department stores downtown, textile factories and the construction of Place Ville-Marie. Part of a series of Québec films from the National Film Board of Canada.
A showcase of student films from the Scout Film Festival.


text:
Q: How to programmatically set the margin between icon and title of menu item of Navigation Drawer in Android? I am developing an Android App. In my app, I am using navigation drawer and navigation view. But I set the menu item for them programmatically. For a menu item, I set both icon and title. But I am having a problem with that. That is I cannot set the spacing between icon and title that I programmatically added to menu.
This is how I programmatically add item to menu
Menu menu = leftDrawer.getMenu();
        SubMenu subMenu = menu.addSubMenu(MAIN_MENU_ITEM_GROUP_ID, 99, 99, "Others");

        subMenu.add(MAIN_MENU_ITEM_GROUP_ID,96,96,"Monthly Leaderboard").setIcon(R.drawable.leaderboard_icon).setOnMenuItemClickListener(new MenuItem.OnMenuItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
                startActivity(new Intent(MainActivity.this, LeaderboardActivity.class));
                return false;
            }
        });

        subMenu.add(MAIN_MENU_ITEM_GROUP_ID,96,96,"Settings").setIcon(R.drawable.settings_icon).setOnMenuItemClickListener(new MenuItem.OnMenuItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onMenuItemClick(MenuItem item) {
                startActivity(new Intent(MainActivity.this, SettingsActivity.class));
                return false;
            }
        });

But spacing between between icon and title is not properly set.
This is the screenshot of my problem

As you can see in screenshot, spacing between left side of screen and icon and spacing between icon and title are not same. How can I set the spacing between icon and title of menu item programmatically?

A: They're not supposed to be the same. From the Navigation Drawer guidelines, you'll note this screenshot:

The side margin is 16dp (and 24dp on tablets) while the titles are aligned with the 72dp keyline.
Since the NavigationView seeks to exactly match the material design guidelines, there is no way to change the spacing.


I have a short business statement to make.
The debate on the Address in reply to the Gracious Speech will be continued on Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday of next week and brought to a conclusion on Thursday. 9th July.
The business on Friday, 10th July, will be Second Reading of the National Insurance (Old Persons' and Widows' Pensions and Attendance Allowance) Bill, of the International Monetary Fund Bill and of the Education (Handicapped Children) Bill.
Monday, 13th July, Supply [1st allotted day]: Debate on a topic to be announced.
In congratulating the right hon. Gentleman on his first business statement, may I ask him if he can now answer the question which the Prime 192 Minister said yesterday he was not in a position to answer but which would be dealt with later—whether the Government intend to proceed with the Coal Industry Bill which was introduced in the last Parliament and, if so, when?
May I first thank the right hon. Gentleman for his kind congratulations and say that I hope in my task I shall be able to carry out the same principles of fairness and courtesy which have been handed down to me by my predecessors in this job.
I recognise at once that there are important provisions in the Coal Industry Bill in which hon. Members on both sides of the House are particularly interested. I have represented this to my colleagues and they will take these views carefully into consideration in coming to their decision about the Bill.
Order. The hon. Gentleman cannot discuss the business that he wants to raise. He can ask for time to discuss it.
May I ask the right hon. Gentleman to take account of the fact that it may be necesary to have a debate on this matter next week?
I thank the hon. Gentleman for his kind remarks. I hope that after a few months he will still feel as kindly towards me.
Concerning his comments about the debate, I think it will be right to see how we get on today and what happens thereafter. However, I certainly take note of what he says.


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0 ABO
17 All Covid-19
0 Anaemia
0 Coagulopathy
17 Convalescent Plasma
0 Donor
Filter by Covid-19
0 Haematological Disorders
0 Thrombocytopenia
0 Transfusion
15 Abstract available
16 Full text available
17 COVID-19
Brain and Spinal Surgery
Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery
ENT and Eye Surgery
Gastro, Kidney and Liver Surgery
Genitourinary Surgery
Gynaecological and Obstetric Surgery
17 Blood Components
17 Randomised Controlled Trial
All articles • 17 results
1. Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial
Lancet (London, England). 2021
BACKGROUND Many patients with COVID-19 have been treated with plasma containing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. METHODS This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 177 NHS hospitals from across the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either usual care alone (usual care group) or usual care plus high-titre convalescent plasma (convalescent plasma group). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936. FINDINGS Between May 28, 2020, and Jan 15, 2021, 11558 (71%) of 16287 patients enrolled in RECOVERY were eligible to receive convalescent plasma and were assigned to either the convalescent plasma group or the usual care group. There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between the two groups: 1399 (24%) of 5795 patients in the convalescent plasma group and 1408 (24%) of 5763 patients in the usual care group died within 28 days (rate ratio 1·00, 95% CI 0·93-1·07; p=0·95). The 28-day mortality rate ratio was similar in all prespecified subgroups of patients, including in those patients without detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at randomisation. Allocation to convalescent plasma had no significant effect on the proportion of patients discharged from hospital within 28 days (3832 [66%] patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 3822 [66%] patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·94-1·03; p=0·57). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at randomisation, there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients meeting the composite endpoint of progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death (1568 [29%] of 5493 patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 1568 [29%] of 5448 patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·93-1·05; p=0·79). INTERPRETATION In patients hospitalised with COVID-19, high-titre convalescent plasma did not improve survival or other prespecified clinical outcomes. FUNDING UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute of Health Research.
Patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 and enrolled in the RECOVERY trial (n=11,558).
Convalescent plasma (n= 5,795).
Usual care (n= 5,763).
There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between the two groups: 1,399 (24%) of patients in the convalescent plasma group and 1,408 (24%) of patients in the usual care group died within 28 days. Allocation to convalescent plasma had no significant effect on the proportion of patients discharged from hospital within 28 days 3,832 (66%) patients in the convalescent plasma group vs. 3,822 (66%) patients in the usual care group. Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at randomisation, there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients meeting the composite endpoint of progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death 1,568 (29%) of 5,493 patients in the convalescent plasma group vs. 1,568 (29%) of 5,448 patients in the usual care group.
2. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Convalescent Plasma Versus Standard Plasma in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infected Hospitalized Patients in New York: A Double-Blind Randomized Trial
Bennett-Guerrero, E., Romeiser, J. L., Talbot, L. R., Ahmed, T., Mamone, L. J., Singh, S. M., Hearing, J. C., Salman, H., Holiprosad, D. D., Freedenberg, A. T., et al
Critical Care Medicine. 2021
OBJECTIVES Four peer-reviewed publications have reported results from randomized controlled trials of convalescent plasma for coronavirus disease 2019 infection; none were conducted in the United States nor used standard plasma as a comparator. To determine if administration of convalescent plasma to patients with coronavirus disease 2019 increases antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and improves outcome. DESIGN Double-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING Hospital in New York. PATIENTS Patients with polymerase chain reaction documented coronavirus disease 2019 infection. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized (4:1) to receive 2 U of convalescent plasma versus standard plasma. Antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 were measured in plasma units and in trial recipients. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Enrollment was terminated after emergency use authorization was granted for convalescent plasma. Seventy-four patients were randomized. At baseline, mean (SD) Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (23.4 [5.6] and 22.5 [6.6]), percent of patients intubated (19% and 20%), and median (interquartile range) days from symptom onset to randomization of 9 (6-18) and 9 (6-15), were similar in the convalescent plasma versus standard plasma arms, respectively. Convalescent plasma had high neutralizing activity (median [interquartile range] titer 1:526 [1:359-1:786]) and its administration increased antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by 14.4%, whereas standard plasma administration led to an 8.6% decrease (p = 0.005). No difference was observed for ventilator-free days through 28 days (primary study endpoint): median (interquartile range) of 28 (2-28) versus 28 (0-28; p = 0.86) for the convalescent plasma and standard plasma groups, respectively. A greater than or equal to 2 point improvement in the World Health Organization scale was achieved by 20% of subjects in both arms (p = 0.99). All-cause mortality through 90 days was numerically lower in the convalescent plasma versus standard plasma groups (27% vs 33%; p = 0.63) but did not achieve statistical significance. A key prespecified subgroup analysis of time to death in patients who were intubated at baseline was statistically significant; however, sample size numbers were small. CONCLUSIONS Administration of convalescent plasma to hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 infection increased antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease 2 but was not associated with improved outcome.
Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (n= 74).
Convalescent plasma (n= 59).
Standard plasma (n= 15).
At baseline, mean (SD) Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (23.4 [5.6] and 22.5 [6.6]), percent of patients intubated (19% and 20%), and median (interquartile range) days from symptom onset to randomization of 9 (6-18) and 9 (6-15), were similar in the convalescent plasma versus standard plasma arms, respectively. Convalescent plasma had high neutralizing activity (median [interquartile range] titre 1:526 [1:359-1:786]) and its administration increased antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by 14.4%, whereas standard plasma administration led to an 8.6% decrease. No difference was observed for ventilator-free days through 28 days: median (interquartile range) of 28 (2-28) versus 28 (0-28) for the convalescent plasma and standard plasma groups, respectively. A greater than or equal to 2 point improvement in the World Health Organization scale was achieved by 20% of subjects in both arms. All-cause mortality through 90 days was numerically lower in the convalescent plasma versus standard plasma groups (27% vs 33%) but did not achieve statistical significance.
3. Early versus deferred anti-SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma in patients admitted for COVID-19: A randomized phase II clinical trial
Balcells, M. E., Rojas, L., Le Corre, N., Martínez-Valdebenito, C., Ceballos, M. E., Ferrés, M., Chang, M., Vizcaya, C., Mondaca, S., Huete, Á, et al
Plos Medicine. 2021;18(3):e1003415
BACKGROUND Convalescent plasma (CP), despite limited evidence on its efficacy, is being widely used as a compassionate therapy for hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of early CP therapy in COVID-19 progression. METHODS AND FINDINGS The study was an open-label, single-center randomized clinical trial performed in an academic medical center in Santiago, Chile, from May 10, 2020, to July 18, 2020, with final follow-up until August 17, 2020. The trial included patients hospitalized within the first 7 days of COVID-19 symptom onset, presenting risk factors for illness progression and not on mechanical ventilation. The intervention consisted of immediate CP (early plasma group) versus no CP unless developing prespecified criteria of deterioration (deferred plasma group). Additional standard treatment was allowed in both arms. The primary outcome was a composite of mechanical ventilation, hospitalization for >14 days, or death. The key secondary outcomes included time to respiratory failure, days of mechanical ventilation, hospital length of stay, mortality at 30 days, and SARS-CoV-2 real-time PCR clearance rate. Of 58 randomized patients (mean age, 65.8 years; 50% male), 57 (98.3%) completed the trial. A total of 13 (43.3%) participants from the deferred group received plasma based on clinical aggravation. We failed to find benefit in the primary outcome (32.1% versus 33.3%, odds ratio [OR] 0.95, 95% CI 0.32-2.84, p > 0.999) in the early versus deferred CP group. The in-hospital mortality rate was 17.9% versus 6.7% (OR 3.04, 95% CI 0.54-17.17 p = 0.246), mechanical ventilation 17.9% versus 6.7% (OR 3.04, 95% CI 0.54-17.17, p = 0.246), and prolonged hospitalization 21.4% versus 30.0% (OR 0.64, 95% CI, 0.19-2.10, p = 0.554) in the early versus deferred CP group, respectively. The viral clearance rate on day 3 (26% versus 8%, p = 0.204) and day 7 (38% versus 19%, p = 0.374) did not differ between groups. Two patients experienced serious adverse events within 6 hours after plasma transfusion. The main limitation of this study is the lack of statistical power to detect a smaller but clinically relevant therapeutic effect of CP, as well as not having confirmed neutralizing antibodies in donor before plasma infusion. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we failed to find evidence of benefit in mortality, length of hospitalization, or mechanical ventilation requirement by immediate addition of CP therapy in the early stages of COVID-19 compared to its use only in case of patient deterioration. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04375098.
4. Randomized controlled trial of convalescent plasma therapy against standard therapy in patients with severe COVID-19 disease
AlQahtani, M., Abdulrahman, A., Almadani, A., Alali, S. Y., Al Zamrooni, A. M., Hejab, A. H., Conroy, R. M., Wasif, P., Otoom, S., Atkin, S. L., et al
Scientific reports. 2021;11(1):9927
Convalescent plasma (CP) therapy in COVID-19 disease may improve clinical outcome in severe disease. This pilot study was undertaken to inform feasibility and safety of further definitive studies. This was a prospective, interventional and randomized open label pilot trial in patients with severe COVID-19. Twenty COVID-19 patients received two 200 ml transfusions of convalescent patient CP over 24-h compared with 20 who received standard of care. The primary outcome was the requirement for ventilation (non-invasive or mechanical ventilation). The secondary outcomes were biochemical parameters and mortality at 28 days. The CP group were a higher risk group with higher ferritin levels (p < 0.05) though respiratory indices did not differ. The primary outcome measure was required in 6 controls and 4 patients on CP (risk ratio 0.67, 95% CI 0.22-2.0, p = 0.72); mean time on ventilation (NIV or MV) did not differ. There were no differences in secondary measures at the end of the study. Two patients died in the control and one patient in the CP arm. There were no significant differences in the primary or secondary outcome measures between CP and standard therapy, although a larger definitive study is needed for confirmation. However, the study did show that CP therapy appears to be safe in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with hypoxia.Clinical trials registration NCT04356534: 22/04/2020.
5. Convalescent plasma for COVID-19 in hospitalised patients: an open-label, randomised clinical trial
Sekine, L., Arns, B., Fabro, B. R., Cipolatt, M. M., Machado, R. R. G., Durigon, E. L., Parolo, E., Pellegrini, J. A. S., Viana, M. V., Schwarz, P., et al
The European Respiratory Journal. 2021
BACKGROUND The effects of convalescent plasma (CP) therapy hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain uncertain. This study investigates the effect CP on clinical improvement in these patients. METHODS This is an investigator-initiated, randomised, parallel arm, open-label, superiority clinical trial. Patients were randomly (1:1) assigned to two infusions of CP plus standard of care (SOC) or SOC alone. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with clinical improvement 28 days after enrolment. RESULTS A total of 160 (80 in each arm) patients (66.3% were critically ill and 33.7%, severe) completed the trial. The median age was 60.5 years (interquartile range [IQR], 48-68), 58.1% were men and the median time from symptom onset to randomisation was 10 days (IQR, 8-12). Neutralising antibodies titres >1:80 were present in 133 (83.1%) patients at baseline. The proportion of patients with clinical improvement on day 28 was 61.3% in the CP+SOC and 65.0% in the SOC group (difference, -3.7%; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], -18.8%-11.3%). The results were similar in the subgroups of severe and critically ill. There was no significant difference between CP+SOC and SOC groups in prespecified secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality, days alive and free of respiratory support and duration of invasive ventilatory support. Inflammatory and other laboratorial markers values on days 3, 7 and 14 were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS CP+SOC did not result in a higher proportion of clinical improvement on at day 28 in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 compared to SOC alone.
HighWire
6. Passive Immunity Trial for Our Nation (PassITON): study protocol for a randomized placebo-control clinical trial evaluating COVID-19 convalescent plasma in hospitalized adults
Self, W. H., Stewart, T. G., Wheeler, A. P., El Atrouni, W., Bistran-Hall, A. J., Casey, J. D., Cataldo, V. D., Chappell, J. D., Cohn, C. S., Collins, J. B., et al
Trials. 2021;22(1):221
BACKGROUND Convalescent plasma is being used widely as a treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the clinical efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma is unclear. METHODS The Passive Immunity Trial for Our Nation (PassITON) is a multicenter, placebo-controlled, blinded, randomized clinical trial being conducted in the USA to provide high-quality evidence on the efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma as a treatment for adults hospitalized with symptomatic disease. Adults hospitalized with COVID-19 with respiratory symptoms for less than 14 days are eligible. Enrolled patients are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to 1 unit (200-399 mL) of COVID-19 convalescent plasma that has demonstrated neutralizing function using a SARS-CoV-2 chimeric virus neutralization assay. Study treatments are administered in a blinded fashion and patients are followed for 28 days. The primary outcome is clinical status 14 days after study treatment as measured on a 7-category ordinal scale assessing mortality, respiratory support, and return to normal activities of daily living. Key secondary outcomes include mortality and oxygen-free days. The trial is projected to enroll 1000 patients and is designed to detect an odds ratio ≤ 0.73 for the primary outcome. DISCUSSION This trial will provide the most robust data available to date on the efficacy of COVID-19 convalescent plasma for the treatment of adults hospitalized with acute moderate to severe COVID-19. These data will be useful to guide the treatment of COVID-19 patients in the current pandemic and for informing decisions about whether developing a standardized infrastructure for collecting and disseminating convalescent plasma to prepare for future viral pandemics is indicated. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04362176 . Registered on 24 April 2020.
7. A randomized double-blind controlled trial of convalescent plasma in adults with severe COVID-19
O'Donnell, M. R., Grinsztejn, B., Cummings, M. J., Justman, J. E., Lamb, M. R., Eckhardt, C. M., Philip, N. M., Cheung, Y. K., Gupta, V., João, E., et al
The Journal of clinical investigation. 2021
BACKGROUND Although convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), data from randomized controlled trials that support its efficacy are limited. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial among adults hospitalized with severe and critical COVID-19 at five sites in New York City (USA) and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive a single transfusion of either convalescent plasma or placebo (normal control plasma). The primary outcome was clinical status at 28 days following randomization, measured using an ordinal scale and analyzed using a proportional odds model in the intention-to-treat population. RESULTS Of 223 participants enrolled, 150 were randomized to receive convalescent plasma and 73 to normal control plasma. At 28 days, no significant improvement in clinical status was observed in participants randomized to convalescent plasma (OR 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-2.68, p=0.180). However, 28-day mortality was significantly lower in participants randomized to convalescent plasma versus control plasma (19/150 [12.6%] versus 18/73 [24.6%], OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.22-0.91, p=0.034). The median titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody in infused convalescent plasma units was 1:160 (IQR 1:80-1:320). In a subset of nasopharyngeal swab samples from Brazil that underwent genomic sequencing, no evidence of neutralization-escape mutants was detected. CONCLUSIONS In adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19, use of convalescent plasma was not associated with significant improvement in clinical status at day 28. However, a significant improvement in mortality was observed, which warrants further evaluation. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04359810FUNDING. Amazon Foundation. Skoll Foundation.
8. A randomized clinical trial evaluating the immunomodulatory effect of convalescent plasma on COVID-19-related cytokine storm
Pouladzadeh, M., Safdarian, M., Eshghi, P., Abolghasemi, H., Bavani, A. G., Sheibani, B., Moradi Choghakabodi, P., Feghhi, A., Ghafourian Boroujerdnia, M., Forouzan, A., et al
Internal and emergency medicine. 2021;:1-11
Evaluating the effect of convalescent plasma (CP) on some cytokine storm indices in severe COVID-19 patients. Totally, 62 patients were randomly assigned into two groups for this clinical trial. Patients in the intervention group received one unit (500 mL) plasma on the admission day plus standard drugs while the controls merely received standard treatments. Eventually, primary and secondary outcomes were evaluated. In the CP group, compared with controls, the mean levels of lymphocytes and IL-10 significantly increased while the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ decreased (p < 0.05). The length of in-hospital stay, and mortality rate did not significantly reduce in the CP group compared with controls (p > 0.05) while WHO severity scores remarkably improved (p = 0.01), despite the higher frequency of underlying diseases among the CP group (66.7%) vs. controls (33.3%). Although CP has a remarkable immunomodulatory and antiviral potential to improve the cytokine storm and disease severity in COVID-19 patients, it did not considerably affect the mortality rate.
9. Neutralizing Activity to SARS-CoV-2 of Convalescent and Control Plasma Used in a Randomized Controlled Trial
Freedenberg, A. T., Pan, C. H., Diehl, W. E., Romeiser, J. L., Hwang, G. R., Leiton, C. V., Muecksch, F., Shroyer, K. R., Bennett-Guerrero, E.
BACKGROUND There are limited data on the neutralizing activity of convalescent plasma (CP) administered in randomized controlled trials (RCT) of COVID-19 infection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS As part of an RCT, CP was collected per FDA guidelines from individuals recovered from COVID-19 infection. CP donors had to have ≥145 optical density (OD) units (ideal target ≥300) using a semi quantitative, immunochromatographic test for IgG antibody to the nucleocapsid protein (NP) of SARS-CoV-2 (typical range 0-500 OD units). A random subset of samples [14 control plasma, 12 CP "medium-anti-NP" (145-299 OD units), and 13 CP "high" anti-NP (≥300 OD units)] were tested for neutralizing antibodies using an established viral luciferase antibody inhibition assay to detect the infection of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus that encoded spike protein (SARS2-S(trunc) ) on a human immunodeficiency virus 1 vector (NL43dEnvNanoLuc), using ACE2-expressing 293T cells. The titer needed to neutralize 50% of viral activity (NT50) was calculated. RESULTS The uptake of SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus by 293T(ACE2) cells was inhibited by pretreatment with CP compared to control CP (p<0.001) with control plasma having a median (IQR) 50% neutralization titer (NT50) of 1:28 (1:16,1:36) compared to 1:334 (1:130,1:1295) and 1:324 (1:244,1:578), for medium anti-NP and high anti-NP CP units, respectively. The neutralizing activity of CP met minimum FDA criteria with neutralizing antibody titers >1:80 in 100% of randomly selected samples, using a conservative approach that excluded non-specific binding. DISCUSSION Plasma from donors screened using an immunochromatographic test for IgG antibody to SARS-CoV-2 NP exhibited neutralizing activity meeting FDA's minimum standard in all randomly selected COVID-19 CP units. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
10. Effects of potent neutralizing antibodies from convalescent plasma in patients hospitalized for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection
Gharbharan, A., Jordans, C. C. E., GeurtsvanKessel, C., den Hollander, J. G., Karim, F., Mollema, F. P. N., Stalenhoef-Schukken, J. E., Dofferhoff, A., Ludwig, I., Koster, A., et al
Nature Communications. 2021;12(1):3189
In a randomized clinical trial of 86 hospitalized COVID-19 patients comparing standard care to treatment with 300mL convalescent plasma containing high titers of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, no overall clinical benefit was observed. Using a comprehensive translational approach, we unravel the virological and immunological responses following treatment to disentangle which COVID-19 patients may benefit and should be the focus of future studies. Convalescent plasma is safe, does not improve survival, has no effect on the disease course, nor does plasma enhance viral clearance in the respiratory tract, influence SARS-CoV-2 antibody development or serum proinflammatory cytokines levels. Here, we show that the vast majority of patients already had potent neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at hospital admission and with comparable titers to carefully selected plasma donors. This resulted in the decision to terminate the trial prematurely. Treatment with convalescent plasma should be studied early in the disease course or at least preceding autologous humoral response development.


Each frame of a GIF animation file has the same characteristics of a GIF, which you learned about in Chapter 10. For example, each frame must have 256 colors or fewer, and can have no more than one transparent color.
Just as with static GIFs, animated GIFs will be much smaller if you keep the number of colors to a bare minimum. I recommend choosing a small color palette and then using only those few colors to create all the frames in your GIF animation. For this reason, drawings, text, and illustrations tend to work better as GIF animations. Photographic and continuous tone imagery don't compress well at all and often cause GIF animations to be much too large in file size—meaning they take so long to download that no one ever gets to watch them all the way through.
Aside from the basic GIF optimization settings discussed in Chapter 10, there are a few additional characteristics you need to know when optimizing GIF animations, as discussed in this technique.
• Choose Restore To Background to disable the current frame after it's viewed, so it's not visible if the next frame contains any transparent areas.
• Choose Automatic to allow ImageReady to select the disposal method it thinks is best.
• Adjust the looping. Specify how many times the animation repeats. Click the looping option selection box—which is set to Forever by default—and choose Once, Forever, or Other (to specify an exact number of times to repeat).
• Adjust the timing. For each frame, specify how long the program should wait before displaying the next frame. Click the current delay value below each frame—which is set to 0.0 sec by default—and choose a value from the menu, or choose Other to enter your own value using decimals (for example, 1/2 second should be entered as .5).
• Specify the portion of each frame that should be redrawn as each new frame is placed on top of it. For example, the program defaults to only redrawing those portions that change from frame to frame, to save in file size. If you need to force the program to redraw the entire screen for every frame, click the triangle in the upper-right corner of the Animation palette and choose Optimize Animation. Then, uncheck Bounding Box and Redundant Pixel Removal. Otherwise, leave them checked for optimal performance.


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Press association officers
Nancy Streets, advertising director of the Daily Sparks Tribune, has been installed as president of the Nevada Press Association.
She succeeds Matt Hufman, an editor at the Las Vegas Sun, who remains on the board as a past president.
Other officers are Rhonda Zuraff, publisher of the Elko Daily Free Press; Holly Rudy-James, general manager of the Winnemucca Publishing; and Henderson Home News Publisher Tim O'Callagan.
Elected to two-year terms on the board were Tony Hughes of the Mineral County Independent News, Ken Kliewer of the Ely Times and Peggy Santoro of the Reno Gazette-Journal.


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Home » Space » SpaceX Had Its First 100 Successful Rocket Flights
SpaceX Had Its First 100 Successful Rocket Flights
October 24, 2020 by Brian Wang
On Saturday, October 24, 2020, SpaceX completed its 100th successful flight since Falcon 1 first flew to orbit in 2008. Over the course of these flights, SpaceX landed Falcon's first stage booster 63 times and re-flew boosters 45 times.
SpaceX is approaching the 15000 meter test flight for the fully reusable SpaceX Starship. Felix at What About It? has the details.
The traditional space industry has not commercially flown the Apollo style rockets that they wanted to make from parts of the Space Shuttle parts and the same supply chain. Scott Manley describes the long and failed history of attempts to make a direct Space Shuttle replacement.
The Space Shuttle program missed its goal of reaching $5 million per flight and having an affordable reusable system. The Space Shuttle was reusable but the heat shield made of tiles had a costly repair and maintenance process. The Space Shuttle program cost about $211 billion and it had 133 successful launches. The average cost of the program was $1.5 billion per launch.
SpaceX is on track to pass the Space Shuttle record of 133 successful launches by the end of 2021.
The early 1980s had the Future Space Transportation System program and the later NASA Advanced Manned Launch System program. In the late 1980s, there was the Shuttle II program. There was the National Launch System in 1991. In the 1980s, NASA and the Air Force worked on the X-30 National Aerospace Plane. The Rockwell X-30 NASP was canceled in 1995 after about $5.5 billion was spent. The X-30 could have had more secret Department of Defense money. There was about $10 billion spent on the Constellation program and now about $20 billion on the Space Launch System. All of the programs for creating a Shuttle replacement have so far not created any useful launch capability.
SOURCES – SpaceX
Written By Brian Wang, Nextbigfuture.com
Categories Space, Technology Tags future, space, spacex, technology Post navigation
250-300 kW Combat Lasers Now and Scaling to Megawatts
US Navy Plans 20% Fewer Aircraft Carriers and 20% More Ships


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Mindset Reset
Weighless Program
Getting to your goal faster
November 30, 2020 November 28, 2020 by Monica Reinagel, MS, LDN
I am not much of an (American) football fan. But because it was always a part of our family's (American) Thanksgiving gatherings, turning on a game while cooking dinner always feels nostalgic. Especially this year, when nothing else feels normal or familiar.
As I was half-listening to the game this year, I got to thinking about the difference between passing games and running games. Some teams throw lots of long passes in order to move the ball down the field and into the end zone as fast as possible. Passing games are exciting because the score can change rapidly. They're also exciting because there's a much greater chance of turnovers, incomplete passes, and interceptions.
Other teams prefer to play a running game. They rarely go for big yardage. Instead of putting the ball in the air where it can be picked off, they keep the ball on the ground. They may only move a few yards each play but they rarely turn over the ball. It's a lot less flashy to watch but teams that do this well can be unstoppable.
OK, here comes the analogy you knew was coming!!
Diets that promise fast weight loss are a lot like passing games. The score (on the scale) can change quickly! But there's also a big risk of failure, burnout, or rebound weight gain–which is the equivalent of fumbling the ball on the 1 yard line and having the opposing team run it all the way back for a touchdown.
In the Weighless program, we play more of a running game. We have seen over and over again that playing the slow and steady game of sustainable behavior change gets our members into the end zone more quickly, and with far less chance of fumbles and interceptions.
At first, they might miss the adrenaline rush of seeing those first five or ten pounds come off in a few weeks. But they soon learn to appreciate the reliability and security of a good ground game. Especially when they realize that its the only way to win at sustainable weight loss.
So, ready to try out your running game? We've put together some ideas that you can put into practice this month (yes, even during the holidays!). You can download it here.
Categories How to, Mindset Post navigation
Staying in the game
Making meal-planning easier
Join us for 7 days of free coaching on the Weighless Mindset. Click here to learn more
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