text:
\section{Introduction}

\indent
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is presently operating at a Centre-of-Mass (CM) energy of 8 TeV, following the
highly successful stage at 7 TeV, where about 5 fb$^{-1}$ of luminosity
were collected. The expectation at
present for the current run is a 15 fb$^{-1}$ data sample. In a few years from now, the LHC will be operating
at design energy and luminosity, i.e., at 14 TeV and with the prospect of gathering of the order of 300
fb$^{-1}$ or so of data. The highest priority of the CERN machine is to finally confirm, or indeed disprove,
the current paradigm for Electro-Weak Symmetry Breaking (EWSB), whereby a Higgs mechanism is postulated to give
mass to force and matter states by spontaneously breaking the underlying SU(2)$_L\otimes$U(1)$_Y$ gauge symmetry
(involving isospin $L$ and hypercharge $Y$) while instead preserving SU(3)$_C$ (where $C$ is colour).
While it was first embedded within the Standard Model (SM), wherein the Higgs mechanism is implemented
in its minimal form, i.e., through a single Higgs doublet complex field (from which then one scalar
Higgs field finally emerges after EWSB), it is now clear that Beyond the SM (BSM) physics is required,
given overwhelming experimental evidence that cannot be explained within the SM alone (like neutrino masses,
Dark Matter (DM), the matter-antimatter asymmetry, etc.). Conversely, recent LHC
evidence of possible neutral Higgs signals at a mass of 124--126 GeV \cite{ATLAS:2012ae,Chatrchyan:2012tx},
compatible with the SM hypothesis, with a slight excess in the $h \to \gamma \gamma$ channel,
calls for not dismissing the Higgs mechanism as the
means for achieving EWSB. So that one may well argue that exploring the possibility of BSM physics,
still reliant on the Higgs hypothesis for EWSB yet with the latter realised in some non-minimal version, has become
the main focus at present of the phenomenological activities concerned with LHC data.

\indent
One of the most striking evidences of BSM physics employing a non-minimal Higgs mechanism as the source of EWSB
would be the appearance of a (singly) charged Higgs boson, $H^\pm$. The latter is predominantly (but not only) produced
in top-(anti)quark decays, so long that it is light, i.e., $m_{H^\pm}<m_t$ (the top mass). Presently,
the LEP experiments have set a lower limit on the mass of a charged Higgs boson, of 79.3 GeV at 95\% Confidence Level (CL),
assuming that BR$(H^+ \to \tau^+ \nu) + BR(H^+ \to c \bar s)=1$ holds for the possible charged Higgs boson
Branching Ratios (BRs)~\cite{LEP}. This limit becomes stronger
if BR$(H^+ \to \tau^+ \nu)  \approx 1$ (see \cite{Logan:2009uf} for a discussion). Searches at
the Tevatron~\cite{Tev} based on $t \bar t$ production with one of the tops decaying via $t \to b H^+$ and assuming
BR$(H^+ \to \tau^+ \nu) \approx 1$ have yielded a limit of BR$(t \to b H^+) < 0.2$ for a charged Higgs mass
of 100 GeV.  The LHC is currently providing limits similar to those obtained at the
Fermilab machine \cite{Hpm-LHC}.

\indent
The simplest extensions of the SM that give rise to charged Higgs bosons amount to the addition of an
extra Higgs doublet to the SM field content. The most common CP-conserving 2HDM  has a softly broken
$Z_2$ symmetry. When this symmetry is extended to the fermions to avoid Flavour Changing Neutral Currents (FCNCs)
we end up with four~\cite{barger} different models, which we will call Type I,
Type II, Type Y and Type X~\cite{KY}  (named I, II, III and IV in~\cite{barger}, respectively). Constraints
from $B$-physics, and particularly those coming from $b \to s \gamma$~\cite{bsgamma}, have excluded a charged
Higgs boson with a mass below approximately 300 GeV almost independently of $\tan \beta = v_2/v_1$ -- the ratio of the
Vacuum Expectation Values (VEVs) of the two doublets -- in models Type II and Type Y\footnote{However,
if a 2HDM Type II is embedded in Supersymmetry, such a realisation of EWSB remains possible, as the
additional sparticle states available, e.g., in the MSSM, can cancel out the $H^\pm$ contributions
to $B$-physics observables.}. Charged Higgs bosons with masses as low as
100 GeV are instead still allowed in models Type I and Type X~\cite{Logan:2009uf,KY,Su:2009fz}.

\indent
These scenarios as well as their experimental and theoretical  constraints have been discussed in detail in
\cite{Aoki:2011wd}, to which we refer the reader also for conventions and notation. In that paper, which
reviewed the LHC scope in probing 2HDMs through the detection of a light $H^\pm$ state in all possible
production modes, predominantly decaying via $H^\pm\to\tau^\pm\nu$, one channel was singled out as offering
clear prospects of detection, i.e., $H^\pm$ production from top-(anti)quark decays where the latter is produced
in single mode, as opposed to the case wherein the top-(anti)quark is produced in pairs, as it was customary to exploit
(in fact, successfully) in previous literature. This conclusion was strongly supported in that paper by a detailed
parton level analysis, however, the authors of \cite{Aoki:2011wd} also cautioned that this result should have eventually been put
on firmer ground through a full Parton Shower (PS), hadronisation and detector study. Only after this, the yield
of the `single-top' channel could be contrasted with the one obtained through the `double-top' mode and the exclusion and discovery reaches
of either channel relatively assessed.

\indent
It is the aim of this paper to carry out this PS, hadronisation and detector analysis and to attempt comparing
the ensuing new results from `single-top' with the time honoured ones established through `double-top' analyses.
In this study we will concentrate on  the 14 TeV CM energy because, as it
will become clear later on, not only the cross section for the single-top mode
grows significantly with energy (in view of its dominant $t$-channel topology)
but also a large amount of luminosity is needed to start probing it at statistically profitable levels.
The analysis will be carried out in the context of 2HDMs, however, it is
important to note that the phenomenology of a light charged Higgs boson as discussed herein
is much more general. There is in fact a large number of BSM Higgs scenarios
that share a common charged Higgs boson phenomenology for vast regions of their parameter space with those
discussed here.  All such models have in common the fact they have a specific type of 2HDM as constituent for
achieving EWSB. Recently, a number of these scenarios have been discussed in the literature~\cite{Aoki:2008av}, wherein the
charged Higgs boson BR into leptons (including $\tau$'s) is enhanced relative to the SM case (Type X),
which provide DM candidates naturally and can finally accommodate neutrino oscillations as well as the strong first order phase transition
required for successful baryogenesis while being in agreement with all experimental data.

\indent
The plan of the paper is as follows. The next section
describes the main production and decay modes of such a light charged Higgs state at the LHC alongside the corresponding backgrounds. The following one
documents our selection strategy and presents our main results.
Finally, we conclude in Section 4.

\section{$H^\pm$ Signal and SM backgrounds}
\label{sec:signal}

Although the single-top channel is not the main top-(anti)quark production process at the LHC,
it is still significant enough to deserve a full investigation regarding its
contribution to the production of charged Higgs bosons. We
will mainly focus on a light charged Higgs boson produced via $t$-channel graphs,
$pp \to t  \,  j \to H^+ \, \bar  b \, j $ and $H^+  \to   \tau^+ \, \nu $,
together with
$pp \to \bar t  \,  j \to H^- \,  b \, j $ and $H^-  \to   \tau^- \, \bar \nu $,
where $j$ represents a light-quark jet.
In what follows we are considering proton-proton collisions
at a center-of-mass (CM) energy of  $\sqrt{s} = 14$ TeV and a top-quark
mass $m_t = 173$ GeV. The theoretical normalisations presented in this
section for the different single-top production processes are all
through Next-to-Next-to-Leading-Order (NNLO)
accuracy, albeit limited to the Next-to-Next-to-Leading-Logarithmic (NNLL) component, as described
in~\cite{Kidonakis:2010ux,Kidonakis:2010tc,Kidonakis:2011wy}. We have used higher order normalisations in presenting
the forthcoming signal results, as described below.

\indent
There are three distinct contributions to single top-production
at the LHC. We first consider $tW$ associated production which, at lowest order, is the
sum of the two partonic processes $bg \to t \, W^-$ and
$\bar bg \to \bar t \, W^+$. The cross section for $\sqrt{s} = 14$ TeV
at NNLO and for $m_t = 173$ GeV is given by~\cite{Kidonakis:2010ux}
\begin{equation}
\sigma^{\rm NNLO}_{\bar t W^+}  ={41.8 \, \pm \, 1.0 \, }^{+1.5}_{-2.4} \quad {\rm pb}
\label{eq:tW}
\end{equation}
where the first uncertainty is from the renormalisation/factorisation
scale variation between $m_t/2$ and $2m_t$
and the second is from the MSTW2008 NNLO
Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs)~\cite{Martin:2009iq} at 90\% CL.
The cross section is the same for both top and antitop production and therefore
the sum of the two processes yields 83.6 pb.
Second, we consider $s$-channel production via $q \, \bar q' \to  t \, \bar b$
and $\bar q \, q' \to  \bar t\, b$. The cross sections were calculated in~\cite{Kidonakis:2010tc}:
\begin{equation}
\sigma^{\rm NNLO}_{t \bar b}  ={7.93 \, \pm \, 0.14 \, }^{+0.31}_{-0.28} \quad {\rm pb}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\sigma^{\rm NNLO}_{\bar t b}  ={3.99 \, \pm \, 0.05  \, }^{+0.14}_{-0.21} \quad {\rm pb}
\end{equation}
where uncertainties are as described for eq.~(\ref{eq:tW}). The total cross section
for top plus antitop production via $s$-channel is then 11.9 pb.
However, the most important contribution for single-top at the LHC
comes from the aforementioned $t$-channel process. The total cross section for
$t$-channel top production is in fact \cite{Kidonakis:2011wy}
\begin{equation}
\sigma^{\rm NNLO}_{t \, j}  ={151 \,}^{+4}_{-1} \, \pm \, 4  \quad {\rm pb}
\end{equation}
while for antitop we have
\begin{equation}
\sigma^{\rm NNLO}_{\bar t j}  ={92 \,  }^{+2 \, +2}_{-1 \, -3} \quad {\rm pb}
\end{equation}
where again the first uncertainty is from scale variation
and the second is from the PDFs. The total
cross section in $t$-channel is therefore 243 pb\footnote{By comparison, note that
the NLO cross section for $t\bar t$ production at the LHC is about 800 pb.}.

\indent
The signal consists of the sum of all possible single-top production processes
with the subsequent decays $t \to H^+ \, b  \to   \tau^+ \, \nu \,  b$
plus all the antitop counterparts with decays
$\bar t \to H^- \, \bar b  \to   \tau^- \, \bar{\nu} \, \bar b$.
 %
Taking into account the LEP bounds on the mass of a charged Higgs
boson, we consider a mass ranging from 90 to 160 GeV and the analysis
is performed in 10 GeV mass steps. In order to maximise the signal-to-background significance
($S/\sqrt B$),
it turns out that both the $s$-channel and the $tW$ single-top production
modes  become negligible. Therefore, when discussing
the signal, it is in fact to the $t$-channel process that we will be referring to,
as it is the only one that survives the set of cuts imposed.
The signal (single-top) events were generated with POWHEG~\cite{Alioli:2010xd}
at NLO with the CTEQ6.6M~\cite{Nadolsky:2008zw} PDFs.
The top was then decayed in PYTHIA~\cite{Sjostrand:2006za}. We have considered
only the leptonic decays of the tau-leptons, that is, the signal final state is
$pp \to l \, b \, j \, \slashed{E}$, where $l=e, \mu$ (electrons and muons)
while $\slashed{E}$ means missing (transverse) energy.

\indent
The irreducible background to this process is obviously single-top production
with the subsequent decay $t \to b \, W^+$. Again, all single-top
production processes, also generated with POWHEG, were included.
We have taken into account the most relevant contributions
to the reducible background too: i.e., $t\bar t$ production, $W^\pm ~+$~jets (including not only light quarks and gluons,
but also $c$- and $b$-quarks)
and the pure QCD background ($jjj$, where $j$ is any jet), which we will now
discuss in turn. The $t\bar t$ background was generated
with POWHEG including the top and $W^\pm$ boson decays
to all possible final states. The $W^\pm$ + jets (1, 2 and 3 jets) noise was
generated with  AlpGen~\cite{Mangano:2002ea} with CTEQ6ll PDFs.
Finally, the QCD background was generated with
CalcHEP~\cite{Pukhov:2004ca} and, as before, the CTEQ6ll PDFs were used.

\indent
The hadronisation was performed with PYTHIA 6. The Perugia
tune~\cite{Skands:2009zm}
was used to handle the underlying events in POWHEG
while the ATLAS MC09 tune~\cite{ATLAStune} was used for events
generated with AlpGen and CalcHEP. We also have cross-checked
the single-top event generation with AcerMC~\cite{Kersevan:2004yg}  and
the $W^\pm$ + jets events were also generated with MCFM~\cite{Campbell:1999ah, site}
(whose normalisation we have used).
To avoid double counting in the $W^\pm$ + jets background, we have used the
MLM matching scheme~\cite{mlm}. Following~\cite{mlm}, we
have used the following cuts in generation: all jets have transverse
momentum above 20 GeV, $|\eta_j|<2.5$ and $\Delta R_{jj}>0.7$ while
the missing (transverse) energy has to be larger than 20 GeV\footnote{We also have (slightly) changed the cuts at generation level to make sure
that no systematic bias was introduced by these, by confirming that only the efficiency of generating the ensuing hadronic final states
changed, not
their yields.}.

\indent
After hadronisation, DELPHES~\cite{Ovyn:2009tx},
which is a framework for the fast simulation of a
generic collider experiment, was used
to simulate the detector effects.
For the detector and trigger configurations,  we resorted to the ATLAS
default definitions.

\section{Selection}

In this section we describe the analysis and the selection cuts in detail. First we have used the trigger card in ATLAS
which for our purposes means that we have asked for an isolated electron with $p_T > 25$ GeV
or an isolated muon with $p_T > 20$ GeV. We will now describe the analysis in detail and we start
by noting that the pure QCD background is not shown in the plots due to its (initially) overwhelming magnitude. However,
we will highlight the selection cuts that have eliminated this background.

\begin{figure}[h!]
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[scale=0.37]{cut01.eps}
    \includegraphics[scale=0.37]{cut02.eps}
    \caption{In the left panel we present the number of muons with $p_T > 20$ GeV or the number of electrons
    with $p_T > 30$ GeV before the first cut. On the right we show the number of leptons with a
    transverse momentum of at least 10 GeV passing the first cut.}
    \label{fig1}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{enumerate}

\item We demand one electron with transverse momentum larger  than 30 GeV or a muon with transverse momentum above 20 GeV.
In both cases, the lepton has to be in the central region of the detector, $|\eta| < 2.5$. In the left panel of figure~\ref{fig1}
we show the leptonic multiplicity before these cuts.

\item We veto events with two or more leptons with transverse moment above 10 GeV.
In the right panel of figure~\ref{fig1} we show the leptonic multiplicity before such a veto. Although
the figure seems to indicate that events with two leptons in the final state should be retained,
the subsequent cuts show that the background would rise sharply above the signal, should this have been the case. This
cut eliminates the leptonic $t \bar t$ background almost completely.

\item In figure~\ref{fig2} (left) we show the lepton transverse momentum distribution after imposing
the first two cuts. Due to overwhelming W+0 jets background, it is not clear that
the best choice to maximise the sensitivity is to exclude events with leptons having $p_T$ above 55 GeV.
\begin{figure}[h!]
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[scale=0.37]{cut03.eps}
    \includegraphics[scale=0.37]{cut04.eps}
    \caption{In the left panel the leptons transverse momentum distribution is shown, after imposing both the first and second cut.
    In the right panel we present the missing transverse energy distribution after the first two cuts. }
    \label{fig2}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

\item  In the right panel of figure~\ref{fig2} we present the missing transverse energy distribution after the first two cuts.
We have therefore imposed that events with missing energy below 50 GeV should be excluded. This is another cut that
dramatically reduces the QCD background.

\item In figure ~\ref{fig3} (left) we display the number of $b$-tagged jets after the first four cuts while in the right panel we show the $b$-tagged
jets transverse momentum distribution. We ask for one and only one $b$-tagged jet with a transverse momentum below 75 GeV. Again, although
two $b$-tagged jets have a higher relative occurrence in signal events, the latter drops significantly once the subsequent cuts
are imposed.  We assume for each $b$-tagging efficiency of a $b$-quark jet the value $R=0.7$, while for
the case of $c$-quark jets we take 0.1 and for light-quark/gluon jets we adopt 0.01.
The background in question is the semi-leptonic $t \bar t$ background.

\begin{figure}[here]
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[scale=0.37]{cut05.eps}
    \includegraphics[scale=0.37]{cut06.eps}
    \caption{The $b$-jet selection cuts: number of  $b$-tagged jets with at least 30 GeV (left) and $b$-tagged jet transverse momentum distribution (right).}
    \label{fig3}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!htbp]
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[scale=0.37]{cut07.eps}
    \includegraphics[scale=0.37]{cut08.eps}
    \caption{The ``top quark invariant mass'' distribution (left) and leptonic transverse invariant mass distribution (right).}
    \label{fig4}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

\item In order to reconstruct the top mass we proceed in the following way. As we do not know the longitudinal component of the missing energy,
 we look for that component of the missing energy that together with the lepton momentum reconstructs the charged Higgs mass according to the relation
\begin{equation}
\slashed p_z=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a},
\label{eq:pz}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{eqnarray}
a & = & \left(\frac{p_{zl}}{p_l}\right)^2-1 ,\\
b & = & 2\left(\frac{p_{xl}\slashed p_x + p_{yl}\slashed p_y}{p_l}+\frac{m_{H^+}^2}{2p_l}\right)\frac{p_{zl}}{p_l}, \\
c & = & \left(\frac{p_{xl}\slashed p_x + p_{yl}\slashed p_y}{p_l}+\frac{m_{H^+}^2}{2p_l}\right)^2 - \slashed p_T^2.
\end{eqnarray}
Here, the $\slashed p_i$'s are the missing energy momentum components, $p_{il}$ are the lepton momentum components, $p_{l}$ is the
(massless) lepton energy and $\slashed p_T$
is the transverse missing energy.
With this information we can now reconstruct a ``top quark invariant mass''. Of course, because we will reconstruct fake top masses,
there is a wide distribution that includes unphysical masses. This distribution is presented in the left panel of figure~\ref{fig4}.
Whenever we obtained an imaginary value for $\slashed p_z$, the corresponding events were placed in the $0 - 20$ GeV bin.
Between the two solutions of
eq.~(\ref{eq:pz}) we have chosen the one that gave a ``top quark invariant mass'' closest
to the top quark mass experimental value. Finally, we
demand events to have a ``top quark invariant mass'' above 280 GeV.

\item Next, we define the leptonic transverse mass~\cite{tinv} as
\begin{equation}
M_T^{l \nu}=\sqrt{2 p_{Tl} \slashed{p}_T-2 (p_{xl} \slashed{p}_x+p_{yl} \slashed{p}_y)},
\end{equation}
where $p_{Tl}$ is the lepton transverse momentum. The leptonic transverse mass distribution is
shown in figure~\ref{fig4} (right). To maximise the significance we have accepted events with
$30 \, {\rm GeV} < M_T^{l \nu}  < 60 \, {\rm GeV} $ for charged Higgs masses between 90 and 130 GeV and
$30 \, {\rm GeV} < M_T^{l \nu}  < 60 \, {\rm GeV} $ or $M_T^{l \nu} > 85 \, {\rm GeV}$
for higher values of the charged Higgs mass.
Again, figure~\ref{fig4} (right) would lead us to include values of $M_T^{l \nu} $ below 30 GeV.
However, we have excluded events with $M_T^{l \nu}  < 30 \, {\rm GeV} $ to further reduce the pure QCD background.

\begin{figure}[here]
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[scale=0.37]{cut09.eps}
    \includegraphics[scale=0.37]{cut10.eps}
    \caption{On the left we present the number of jets with transverse momentum above 30 GeV.
    On the right we show the number of jets that passed the previous cut and have one more jet
     with a transverse momentum between 15 GeV and 30 GeV. In both cases we require the jet pseudorapidity
to be less the 4.9 in absolute value. }
    \label{fig5}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

\item In the left panel of figure~\ref{fig5} we present the jet multiplicity for jets with transverse momentum
above 30 GeV and $|\eta|\leq 4.9$. From the figure we would choose events with either one or two jets.
However, and again due to the QCD background, we have chosen events  with one and one jet only.

\item In figure~\ref{fig5} (right) we present the jet multiplicity after the previous cuts, for jets with $p_T>15$ GeV and $|\eta|\leq 4.9$.
Taking into account the previous cuts, this is the jet multiplicity for jets with transverse momentum
between 15 and 30 GeV. We veto all events with a jet multiplicity equal to two or above.

\begin{figure}[here]
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[scale=0.37]{cut11.eps}
    \caption{The jet pseudorapidity distribution. (Notice that after the previous cuts there is only one jet with $p_T>30 \: {\rm GeV}$ and $|\eta|\leq 4.9$.) }
    \label{fig6}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

\item Finally, in  figure~\ref{fig6} we present the jet pseudorapidity distribution. The last cut is to accept events
where jets have a pseudorapidity $|\eta|\geq 2.5$.

\end{enumerate}

We have chosen a charged Higgs mass of 120 GeV to
show the result of the analysis after all cuts have been applied (a complete cut flow is presented in Appendix A).
In table~\ref{tab:back} we list all backgrounds considered
in the analysis before and after cuts for a luminosity
of 1 fb$^{-1}$.  Clearly, after all cuts have been applied,  the main background is still
the single top background while the contributions $W + 2j$ and $W + 1j$ ($j={\rm jet}$)
are the most important ones from the reducible background.
Given the very low efficiencies, the initial number of events generated
for each individual background
process was chosen in such a way that  the error in the total
number of signal events is below 5\%. This is done by decreasing
the weight of each event until the required precision is attained.

In all backgrounds generated with AlpGen at LO, the renormalisation
and factorisation scales were chosen so that total cross section for
LO and NLO were similar~\cite{Campbell:2003hd}. After all cuts have been applied
we have recalculated the LO and NLO total cross sections and found
that the $K$ factors were always of the order 1 or smaller.

\begin{table}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{cccc}
\hline
& \quad Events (1 fb$^{-1}$) & Events (1 fb$^{-1}$) &\\
Process   & before cuts & after cuts &  Efficiency (\%)\\
\hline
Single top ($t$-channel)	 &			246600	 		                  & 18.5	& 0.0075 \\
Single top ($s$-channel)	 &			  10650		 	                  & 0 	    & 0 \\
Single top ($tW$)	             &			  66000		 	                  & 0.7 	    & 0.0010 \\
$t\bar t$ (semileptonic)	     &	         371133		 	              & 0   	& 0 \\
$t\bar t$ (leptonic)	         &		      88940	 		                  & 1.8 	& 0.0020 \\
$t\bar t$ (hadronic)	         &		    387169		 	                  & 0 	    & 0 \\
W+0j		                          &			4.3 $\times 10^7$    	 & 0 	    & 0 \\
W+1j		                         &			8.8 $\times 10^6$    	 & 0.6 	    & $7.1\times 10^{-6}$ \\
W+2j		                         &			2.8 $\times 10^6$    	 & 3.9 	& 0.00014 \\
W+3j		                         &			1.2 $\times 10^6$  	 	 & 0 	    & 0 \\
Wc+0j		                         &			7.4 $\times 10^5$    	 & 0 	    & 0 \\
Wc+1j		                         &			3.2 $\times 10^5$    	 & 3.2 	& 0.0010 \\
Wc+2j		                         &			2.0 $\times 10^5$    	 & 1.0 	    & 0.0011 \\
Wc+3j		                         &			8.9 $\times 10^4$  	 	 & 0 	    & 0 \\
Wbb+0j		                    &			6638                         	 & 0 	    & 0 \\
Wbb+1j		                    &			6582                         	 & 0.5 	    & 0.007 \\
Wbb+2j		                    &			3746    	                          & 0 	    & 0 \\
Wbb+3j		                    &			2896                     	 	 & 0 	    & 0 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption{Number of background events before and after cuts, alongside the same rates for the signal assuming a charged Higgs mass of 120 GeV.}
\label{tab:back}
\end{table}

In table~\ref{tab:signal} we show the number of events before and after all cuts
as a function of the charged Higgs mass.
Recall that signal means all the events produced in $pp \to tj \to b H^{\pm} j $
with $H^{\pm}  \to \tau \nu \to l \slashed E$, where $l$ is a lepton
 and $\slashed E$ is the transverse missing energy. However, in order,
 to use these numbers in a variety of models (to be discussed later on)
 we have taken BR$ (t \to b H^{\pm}) = 100 \%$ and
BR$ (H^- \to \tau^- \nu) = 100 \%$ and all other
BRs have the usual SM values. Also notice that
the discontinuity in the number of
events after cuts for a mass of 130 GeV is due to the addition of the selection
cut  $M_T^{l \nu} > 85$ GeV for charged Higgs masses above 130 GeV.

\begin{table}[here]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{cccc}
\hline
$m_H^{\pm}$ (GeV)   &  Efficiency (\%)\\
\hline
90  	&	$0.016$\\
100 	&	$0.016$\\
110  & 	$0.018$\\
120  &  $0.019$\\
130  & $0.017$\\
140  &  $0.048$\\
150  &  $0.049$\\
160  &  $0.044$\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption{Signal efficiency considering  BR$ (t \to b H^{\pm}) = 100 \%$ and
BR$ (H^- \to \tau^- \nu) = 100 \%$ and all other
BRs have the usual SM values.}
\label{tab:signal}
\end{table}

Putting all the numbers together we can find  $S/B$ and $S/\sqrt B$
as a function of the charged Higgs mass as presented in table~\ref{tab:signi}.
\begin{table}[h]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ccccc}
\hline
$m_H^{\pm}$ (GeV)   & Signal ($S$) & Background ($B$) & $S/B$ $(\%)$ & $S/\sqrt B$\\
\hline
90 & $38.6$ & $29.5$ & $130.92$ & $7.11$\\
100 & $40.5$ & $29.5$ & $137.19$ & $7.45$\\
110 & $45.6$ & $29.8$ & $153.00$ & $8.35$\\
120 & $47.7$ & $30.1$ & $158.26$ & $8.69$\\
130 & $42.3$ & $32.68$ & $129.53$ & $7.41$\\
140 & $117.1$ & $77.9$ & $150.25$ & $13.26$\\
150 & $120.0$ & $86.6$ & $138.64$ & $12.90$\\
160 & $109.7$ & $100.8$ & $108.81$ & $10.92$\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption{Signal-to-Background ratio ($S/B$)
and significance ($S/\sqrt B$) as a function of the charged Higgs mass.
The
numbers presented for the signal we take BR$ (t \to b H^{\pm}) = 100 \%$ and
BR$ (H^- \to \tau^- \nu) = 100 \%$ and all other
BRs have the usual SM values.}
\label{tab:signi}
\end{table}

Just to give an idea how these numbers are modified for the different
models we have chosen two reference points: one for model II, with
$\tan \beta = 1$ and one for model type X for $\tan \beta = 3$. In the first
case we obtain $S/\sqrt B = 1.4$ and $S/B = 25 \%$ while in the second
the values are $S/\sqrt B = 0.3$ and $S/B = 5 \%$. How the values of the branching ratios
affect the results in the different models will be shown in the exclusion
plots presented in the next section.

\section{Results and discussion}

We start by presenting our results in a model independent manner, where only  the $\tau$
lepton decays according to the SM branching fractions are considered. Besides, we also
consider the top production cross section to be the SM one and because the results are presented for
a definite collected luminosity, the exclusion limits are presented for
$ {\rm BR}{(t(\bar t)\rightarrow H^\pm b)}\: {\rm BR}{(H^\pm\rightarrow \tau^\pm \nu_{\tau})}$.
To obtain the 95\% CL limits we use
a code briefly described in~\cite{Veloso:2008zza} which is based on a ROOT library.
In the left panel of figure~\ref{fig7} we show the
 95\% CL limit for $ {\rm BR}{(t(\bar t)\rightarrow H^\pm b)}\: {\rm BR}{(H^\pm\rightarrow \tau^\pm \nu_{\tau})}$
as a function of the charged Higgs mass with an integrated luminosity of 10 {fb$^{-1}$} and for $\sqrt s = 14$ TeV.
In the same figure on the right, we show the results for an integrated luminosity of 30 {fb$^{-1}$} instead.

\begin{figure}[h!]
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[scale=0.37]{lumiCR10.eps}
    \includegraphics[scale=0.37]{lumiCR30.eps}
    \caption{Left: exclusion limits for $ {\rm BR}{(t(\bar t)\rightarrow H^\pm b)}\: {\rm BR}{(H^\pm\rightarrow \tau^\pm \nu_{\tau})}$
    as a function of the charged Higgs mass at 95\% CL for 10 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity.
    Right: exclusion limits for $ {\rm BR}{(t(\bar t)\rightarrow H^\pm b)}\: {\rm BR}{(H^\pm\rightarrow \tau^\pm \nu_{\tau})}$
     as a function of the charged Higgs mass at 95\% CL for 30 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity.}
    \label{fig7}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}
In figure~\ref{fig8} we present the same limits
for  an integrated luminosity of 50 {fb$^{-1}$} (left) and  100 {fb$^{-1}$} (right).

\begin{figure}[here]
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[scale=0.37]{lumiCR50.eps}
    \includegraphics[scale=0.37]{lumiCR100.eps}
    \caption{Left: exclusion limits for ${\rm BR}{(t(\bar t)\rightarrow H^\pm b)}\: {\rm BR}{(H^\pm\rightarrow \tau^\pm \nu_{\tau})}$
    as a function of the charged Higgs mass at 95\% CL and 50 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity.
    Right: exclusion limits for ${\rm BR}{(t(\bar t)\rightarrow H^\pm b)}\: {\rm BR}{(H^\pm\rightarrow \tau^\pm \nu_{\tau})}$
    as a function of the charged Higgs mass at 95\% CL and 100 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity.}
    \label{fig8}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

The results presented for $ {\rm BR}{(t(\bar t)\rightarrow H^\pm b)}\: {\rm BR}{(H^\pm\rightarrow \tau^\pm \nu_{\tau})}$
can be used to constrain any model where the the top decays to a charged Higgs boson which subsequently decays to $\tau^\pm \nu_{\tau}$.
The predicted exclusion bounds can be compared to similar plots  presented by the ATLAS~\cite{ATLASICHEP}
and CMS~\cite{CMSICHEP} collaborations
for the 7 TeV run and for the $t \bar t$ mode. The ATLAS (CMS) collaboration has an exclusion that ranges from 5 (4) \% to a charged
Higgs mass of 90 GeV to 1 (2) \% for a mass of 160 GeV. We note once more that the search for a charged Higgs
in single top production does not and cannot compete with the $t \bar t$ search. Its purpose is to be combined
with the $t \bar t$ results to improve the sensitivity in charged Higgs boson searches.

There are several models that we can explore now. Both the MSSM
and several versions of 2HDMs have a similar Yukawa Lagrangian in what concerns
the charged Higgs boson couplings to fermions. In fact, 2HDM types with a softly broken $Z_2$ symmetry, $\Phi_1 \rightarrow \Phi_1$,
$\Phi_2 \rightarrow - \Phi_2$, either
CP-conserving or CP-violating (either explicit or spontaneous) can be written in general terms as
\begin{eqnarray}
V(\Phi_1,\Phi_2) &=& m^2_1 \Phi^{\dagger}_1\Phi_1+m^2_2
\Phi^{\dagger}_2\Phi_2 + (m^2_{12} \Phi^{\dagger}_1\Phi_2+{\rm
h.c}) +\frac{1}{2} \lambda_1 (\Phi^{\dagger}_1\Phi_1)^2 +\frac{1}{2}
\lambda_2 (\Phi^{\dagger}_2\Phi_2)^2\nonumber \\ &+& \lambda_3
(\Phi^{\dagger}_1\Phi_1)(\Phi^{\dagger}_2\Phi_2) + \lambda_4
(\Phi^{\dagger}_1\Phi_2)(\Phi^{\dagger}_2\Phi_1) + \frac{1}{2}
\lambda_5[(\Phi^{\dagger}_1\Phi_2)^2+{\rm h.c.}] ~, \label{higgspot}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\Phi_i$, $i=1,2$ are complex SU(2) doublets with four degrees of freedom each.
The parameters $m_{12}^2$,  $\lambda_5$ and the nature
of the VEVs will determine the CP nature
of the model (see~\cite{Branco:2011iw} for a review on the different 2HDMs).
Note that hermiticity of the potential
forces the remaining parameters to be real. This, in turn,
will give rise to different neutral scalar sectors: if CP
is conserved we end up with two CP-even Higgs states,
usually denoted by $h$ and $H$, and one CP-odd state, usually denoted by $A$;
otherwise we will just have three spinless states with undefined CP quantum numbers usually denoted
by $h_1$,  $h_2$ and $h_3$. However, as long as
the VEV does not break the electric charge, which was shown
to be possible in any 2HDM~\cite{vacstab1},
there are in any case two (identical) charged Higgs boson states, one charged conjugated to the other.

For definiteness, we will concentrate on two specific realisations, one CP-con\-serv\-ing
and the other explicitly CP-violating~\cite{Ginzburg:2002wt,ElKaffas:2006nt,Arhrib:2010ju,Barroso:2012wz},  and both are free from
tree-level FCNCs. In the CP-violating version
$m_{12}^2$ and $\lambda_5$ are complex and $Im (\lambda_5) = 2 ~Im (m_{12}^2)$.
In both models the VEVs are real. By defining
$\tan\beta=v_2/v_1$, it is then possible to choose the angle $\beta$
 as the rotation angle from the group eigenstates to the mass eigenstates in the
 charged Higgs sector.
 By then extending the $Z_2$ symmetry to the Yukawa sector
we end up with four independent 2HDMs,
i.e., the aforementioned Type I, Type II, Type Y and Type X,
 whose $H^\pm$ couplings to fermions are presented in table~\ref{tab:Yuk}.
Herein, $P_L$ and $P_R$ are the left- and right-helicity projection operators, respectively.
\begin{table}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ccc}
\hline
Model   & $g_{\bar u d H^+}$ & $g_{ l \bar \nu  H^+}$    \\
\hline
I  & $\frac{ig}{\sqrt 2 \, M_W} V_{ud} \, [- m_d/\tan \beta P_R + m_u/\tan \beta P_L]$	& $\frac{ig}{\sqrt 2 \, M_W} \,  [- m_l/\tan \beta P_R]$	 \\
II & $\frac{ig}{\sqrt 2 \, M_W} V_{ud} \, [m_d \, \tan \beta P_R + m_u/\tan \beta P_L]$	& $\frac{ig}{\sqrt 2 \, M_W} \,  [m_l \, \tan \beta P_R]$	\\
Y & $\frac{ig}{\sqrt 2 \, M_W} V_{ud} \, [m_d \, \tan \beta P_R + m_u/\tan \beta P_L]$	& $\frac{ig}{\sqrt 2 \, M_W}  \,  [- m_l/\tan \beta P_R]$	 \\
X & $\frac{ig}{\sqrt 2 \, M_W} V_{ud} \, [- m_d/\tan \beta P_R + m_u/\tan \beta P_L]$	& $\frac{ig}{\sqrt 2 \, M_W} \,  [m_l \, \tan \beta P_R]$	\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption{Charged Higgs Yukawa couplings to up-, down-type quarks and leptons.}
\label{tab:Yuk}
\end{table}
Further, notice that the vertices  $g_{u \bar d H^-}$ and $g_{\bar  l \nu  H^-}$   are obtained from the corresponding
ones $g_{\bar u d H^+}$ and  $g_{ l \bar \nu  H^+}$ by interchanging $P_L \leftrightarrow P_R$ and
by replacing $V_{ud} \rightarrow V_{ud} ^*$.

With this parametrisation the results presented here depend only on $\tan \beta$ and
$m_{H^\pm}$. This is true both for BR${(t(\bar t)\rightarrow H^\pm b)}$
and BR${(H^\pm\rightarrow \tau^\pm \nu_{\tau})}$. The experimental
bounds on the CP-violating model, which for the charged sector
are also valid for the CP-conserving one, were recently reviewed in~\cite{Basso:2012st}.
Taking into account these bounds we have finally looked for the 95\% CL exclusion
limits in each model.

\begin{figure}[here]
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[scale=0.37]{modelI.eps}
    \includegraphics[scale=0.37]{modelIV.eps}
    \caption{The 2HDM Type I (left) and Type X (right) exclusion limits over the ($\tan\beta$, $m_{H^\pm}$) plane at the 95\% CL
    assuming the LHC at 14 TeV and for several luminosity sets.}
    \label{fig10}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

In figure~\ref{fig10} we present the  95\% CL exclusion
limits for a 2HDM Type I (left) and Type X (right). These results should now be compared
with the predictions for $\sqrt{s} = 14$ TeV  made by the experimental collaborations
at CERN~\cite{Aad:2009wy, CMScharged}. Using the ATLAS analysis presented in~\cite{Aad:2009wy} we can draw
exclusion plots for the different models as presented in~\cite{Aoki:2011wd}. Using Type
I as an example, ATLAS sets a limit $\tan \beta < 9$ for a collected luminosity of 30 fb$^{-1}$
and for a charged Higgs mass of $m_{H^\pm} = 90$ GeV. Figure~\ref{fig10} shows
that for the same luminosity we obtain a limit slightly above 3 for $\tan \beta$. For other
masses the result is slightly better but the general trend is a factor between 2 and 3 in the ratio
of the limits obtained in the two analysis. It should be noted that the ATLAS analysis considers both
the leptonic and hadronic decays of the $\tau$ leptons reaching, also for that reason,
a much higher sensitivity.

\begin{figure}[here]
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[scale=0.37]{modelII.eps}
    \caption{The MSSM exclusion limits over the ($\tan\beta$, $m_{H^\pm}$) plane at the 95\% CL.
    assuming the LHC at 14 TeV and for several luminosity sets.}
    \label{fig11}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

In figure~\ref{fig11} we present the  95\% CL exclusion
limits for a 2HDM Type II, which for phenomenological purposes we may assume it to be the MSSM, so as have the light charged Higgs boson considered here compliant
with the $b\to s\gamma$ constraints. Again these results should be compared with the 14 TeV predictions
for the LHC in the $t \bar t$ production channel. For comparison purposes, let us consider
figure~\ref{fig11} and the exclusion region for 30 fb$^{-1}$. The allowed region for
$m_{H^\pm} = 90$ GeV is for $4.1 < \tan \beta < 14.9$ while our best
result is for $m_{H^\pm} = 140$ GeV where the allowed range of $\tan \beta$ at 95\% CL is $2.3 < \tan \beta < 24.2$.
The ATLAS prediction~\cite{Aad:2009wy} for the same energy and for the same collected
luminosity and considering only the the leptonic decays of the $\tau$ lepton
is $7.1 < \tan \beta < 9.3$  for $m_{H^\pm} = 90$ GeV and is $3.2 < \tan \beta < 21.9$  for $m_{H^\pm} = 130$ GeV
at 95\% CL. Therefore, it is clear that the results obtained in the single top analysis should
be combined with the ones from $t \bar t$ production to improve the sensitivity. We note however that
this comparison is made with the leptonic mode in the $t \bar t$ and when all the $\tau$
decay modes are combined the result obviously improves as presented in~\cite{Aad:2009wy}.

Finally, in comparing the results in figures~\ref{fig10} and \ref{fig11}, it should be noticed that
that there is sensitivity up
to $\tan\beta= 70$ in the 2HDM Type II (herein the MSSM) whereas this is only up to
7 in the case of a 2HDM Type I or Type IV. This is because
in the Type I and Type IV case the cross section times BR rates always decrease with an increase
of $\tan\beta$, while in Type II the cross section times BR rates decrease with
an increase of $\tan\beta$ from 1 to some point, 6 or 7, then they start to
increase again.

\section{Summary, conclusions and outlook}

Now that a neutral Higgs boson signal may be about to be found at the LHC, it becomes of paramount importance to assess
the dynamics of the underlying Higgs mechanism of EWSB. In fact, early data (and possibly late ones to appear soon) seem
to hint that the excess is above the SM expectations, at least in the (most prominent, for the extracted mass of $\approx 125$ GeV)
$\gamma\gamma$ decay mode. Therefore, a non-minimal Higgs sector may be required. If the latter involves at least another Higgs doublet,
then a (singly) charged Higgs boson is bound to appear in the model spectrum. Of particular phenomenological relevance are 2HDMs,
where one and only one complex Higgs doublet is added to the SM one. Herein, there is only one charged Higgs boson state and its
mass can be predicted (through unitarity) to be well within the kinematic reach of the LHC. In fact, it is the low mass regime,
i.e., $m_{H^\pm}<m_t$, which is the spectacular one, as such a light charged Higgs boson can be generated in top-(anti)quark decays,
since the latter are copiously produced at the LHC through efficient QCD interactions.

While past literature exploring the scope of the LHC in the search for light charged Higgs bosons in 2HDMs has concentrated exclusively on the case of $H^\pm$ production from $t$-(anti)quarks
produced in pairs, we have tackled here the case of single-top production, whose cross section is in fact comparable (albeit smaller)
to that of double-top production, at all LHC energies. We have found that, when searched for in leptonic decays of primary $\tau\nu$ pairs, the LHC is very sensitive
to such a light charged Higgs boson, in the most common (and still viable) realisations of 2HDMs, including the one whose Higgs sector is naturally embedded in Supersymmetry, the so-called
MSSM. We have in fact quantified this in terms of exclusion regions, particularly in the MSSM, and proved that single-top production offers
an alternative
means (albeit of more limited scope) to double-top production to test the existence of otherwise of light $H^\pm$ states. This is most
efficiently done at 14 TeV,
assuming standard luminosity samples. In this respect, the main highlights
are that our results are a factor between 2 and 3 below the ones obtained
by ATLAS and CMS for the $t \bar t$ production channel. Therefore they
can be combined to provide improved exclusion regions for the parameter
space of the models. Although not presented by ATLAS and CMS we can state
that regarding discovery
even for 300 fb$^{-1}$ and for a charged Higgs
mass of 100 GeV we can barely reach $\tan \beta =3$ for Types I and X (and lower limit for Type II) while for higher masses
the discovery limit is only possible for a $\tan \beta \,  {\cal O}(1)$.
Our conclusions are supported by a thorough phenomenological investigation of signal and both reducible and irreducible backgrounds, in presence of PS, hadronisation and detector
effects.

Having proved the accessibility of charged Higgs production in single top mode at the LHC, possible outlooks include now the following.
\begin{enumerate}
\item The investigation of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa structure of the $H^\pm tb$ vertex, which in single top mode appears at production level,
unlike in the double top  channel where such a vertex only enters the top decay, thereby affording more sensitivity to experimental measurements.
\item Because of such a sensitivity at production level to this coupling, one can also attempt extracting the coefficients of the two chiral structures
$(1\pm\gamma^5)/2$ entering the $H^\pm tb$ vertex, by studying the angular behaviour of the final state particles entering single top production
(recall in fact that the inclusive cross section is only proportional to the sum of the squares of such coefficients).
\end{enumerate}
These aspects will constitute the subject of a separate publication.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
We thank Michelangelo Mangano for his help
with AlpGen and for discussions. We thank Emanuele Re
for his help with POWHEG (especially for
modifying the program to allow the generation
without the top decaying) and for discussions. We thank Filipe Veloso for
providing us with the code to extract the exclusion limits and discussions.
We thank Miguel Won for help with stdhep. We thank Nuno Castro for discussions.

SM is financed in part through the NExT Institute.
The work of RG and RS is supported in part by the Portuguese
\textit{Funda\c{c}\~{a}o para a Ci\^{e}ncia e a Tecnologia} (FCT)
under contracts PTDC/FIS/117951/2010 and PEst-OE/FIS/UI0618/2011.
RG is also supported by a FCT Grant SFRH/BPD/47348/2008.
RS is also partially supported by an FP7 Reintegration Grant, number PERG08-GA-2010-277025.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
The Gruffalo's Child
Illustrated by Axel Scheffler
One snowy night when the Gruffalo snored
The Gruffalo's Child was feeling bored.
The Gruffalo's Child was feeling brave
So she tiptoed out of the gruffalo cave . . .
"A variation on the relationship between the canny mouse and the gentle but huge and ugly Gruffalo, so deliciously played out in The Gruffalo, is wittily recreated in this welcome encore." The Guardian
"The Gruffalo's Child achieves the impossible – an even more endearing, witty and delightful book than its parent." The Bookseller
Julia says ...
I had been resisting the idea of writing a sequel to The Gruffalo until I began to wonder how the Gruffalo would feel about the mouse five years later. Supposing in the Gruffalo's mind he had become the Big Bad Mouse, to be avoided by all gruffalos big and small, what then?
Among the many foreign editions is a wonderful Scottish version by James Robertson, called The Gruffalo's Wean.
There's also a song, which you might like to hear us singing on the by clicking here.
Althea Burey playing the Gruffalo's Child
The animation of the story, produced by Magic Light, was first shown on BBC1 on Christmas day 2011. Here is a still from the film.
The Gruffalo's Child won the WHSmith Children's Book of the Year award at the 2005 British Book Awards.
Buy The Gruffalo's Child from Amazon
← Charlie Cook's Favourite BookThe Snail and the Whale ➝
Back to Picture Books
This site uses cookies to help analyse site interaction and general traffic, all anonymously. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with this.Ok

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Your child comes with unique experiences, interests and learning styles. My goal is to get to know your child well and use this knowledge to guide, support and motivate him or her. An individual lesson plan is tailored based on your son or daughter's needs.
During each lesson, we will practice scales, musical rhythms, prepared music, all-region etudes, all-state etudes, sight reading and other items as your child's ability increases. We also review your child's school music and work on any difficult areas. I can help your son or daughter achieve their potential.
Your child will have homework each lesson that will reflect the skills being covered in lessons. Middle school students should strive to add 20-30 minutes of practice time to their homework time for other academic areas after school.


Buy now and build your dream home later on this lovely cul-de-sac lot in the gated section of Pebble Bay. This is a private lake community with lake access and boat ramp for residents only. Easy commute to Charlotte and the airport via the new Highway 16 with access in Denver. Up and coming new Village at Sherrills Ford will be a huge bonus for this area, with mixed used development, including shops and restaurants! Hurry and don't let this great building lot opportunity get away!


Many entrepreneurs see patents as an essential mechanism for protecting intellectual property. But are they up to the job?
If you have invested a large amount of time – and probably money – in inventing a new product, the last thing you want is for your brilliant idea to be stolen.
To prevent that from happening, inventors can protect their inventions with the use of patents. A patent is a licence granted by a government or intergovernmental organisation that gives the inventor the right to take legal action against anyone who makes, uses, sells or imports their invention without their permission. This right is limited to a specific period, usually 20 years from the filing date of the application.
For a patent to be granted, the invention must be something that can be made or used. It must also be new and genuinely inventive, rather than a simple modification to a product that already exists. Certain types of creative or scientific work are also excluded from patenting, but may be covered by copyright, such as literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works; methods of medical treatment; and – in certain jurisdictions – some computer programs and mobile apps.
Patents differ from trademarks, which confer the right to use a specific, recognisable image, logo, slogan or other kind of mark – sometimes even a scent – to distinguish products or services of one producer from those of others in the market. Both patents and trademarks are registered with either a national or specialised regional intellectual property office, although the procedures for registering and maintaining patents can differ significantly from those used for trademarks.
While patents can be a helpful way for inventors to protect their intellectual property, there is some debate as to whether the patent system is beneficial to inventors and society overall.
Furthermore, the process of getting a patent can be long, complicated and expensive. The UK government describes patents as "the most difficult form of protection to get", highlighting that only one in 20 applicants secure a patent without professional help. Even with an expert on hand to assist, applications typically cost £4,000 and the process usually takes five years. What's more, should a patent be granted, the inventor will have to pay to renew it each year and cover legal fees if forced to defend it.
In the event that a patent is infringed, an inventor cannot assume that they will automatically get compensation for unauthorised use. "Generally speaking, one's chances will depend on how strong the patent is, how professionally the original patent application was drafted and how thoroughly the patent office examined it," explains Tlevlessova.
Deanna Zhan, Head of Legal at Dolfin, also highlights that the process of applying for a patent requires an inventor to publish commercially sensitive information about their invention, even if there is no guarantee that a patent will ultimately be granted. "Publication is not the optimal way to ensure the secrecy of the invention," she says. "It alerts other organisations to what the inventor is doing." This can be a particular headache for small, agile businesses, which effectively lose their 'first mover advantage' when they are forced to disclose details of their invention to the wider market, including multinational competitors.
There is some harmonisation of the international patent system as a result of agreements such as the Patent Law Treaty, which was concluded in 2000. This multinational treaty has been adopted by 39 different countries and aims to harmonise and streamline the formal procedures associated with making national and regional patent applications so that they become friendlier to users.
The rise of regional patent systems has also contributed to harmonisation. For example, the Eurasian Patent Organisation, which was set up in 1995, provides a uniform application procedure for patent applications across the eight states that are currently party to the Eurasian Patent Convention (EAPC): Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Russia, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. Eurasian patents are granted for inventions created in all fields of science and technology.
The European Union has established its own unitary patent system, which is expected to become operational during the course of 2018. Under this system, inventors will no longer have to validate a European patent in several countries. Instead, they can apply for a unitary patent that provides uniform protection to their inventions in up to 26 participating member states. In addition to regional systems, there are many global and bilateral agreements between patent offices in place. Among these agreements are the patent prosecution highway programmes that enable patent offices to share information so that they accelerate the process of granting patents.
There is some political demand for change – for example, Germany's Pirate Party, which has an MEP, lists patent reform among its policies. The case for liberalisation of the patent system is also strengthened by the rise of the internet and the emergence of a 'sharing' economy, where people are willing to share everything from their knowledge to their homes. Steve Jobs, the late founder of Apple, boasted as early as 1996 that the technology giant was "shameless about stealing great ideas".
So is it realistic for any entrepreneur to claim a 20-year monopoly in this day and age?


MatchWare is the global leader in professional mind mapping and enterprise meeting management solutions. The award winning "MindView" mind mapping software and "MeetingBooster" professional meeting management software allow our customers to collaborate, innovate and increase productivity from any device in order achieve greater success throughout an organization.
MindView 6 AT has been designed to help visual thinkers create impressive written assignments and presentations; and help support improved management of time and tasks. This hands on training has been specifically designed to provide needs assessors; trainers and disability workers with an understanding of the full functionality of MindView; focusing on the application of the software in education and workplace contexts. MindView 6 AT assistive technology software has been accredited by the Digital Accessibility Centre for compliance as an accessible tool for people with a disability. The added Assistive Technology functionality; including Text to Speech; Dragon Integration; Predictive Text and Audio notes.


text:
Flomax and cardura together
Can i buy livalo over the counter
Can i get zerit over the counter
Where to buy zanaflex
Sustiva street price
Where to buy seroquel pills
Buy methocarbamol online without a prescription
Abilify and bipolar disorder
How to buy advair online
Donepezil and namenda taken together
They are especially vulnerable to complications from the Division of http://shop.iacobus.org/where-to-buy-flomax-online/ Cancer Prevention and Control, talks about the change in recommendation flomax and cardura together. For people whose relatives cannot help them, it may not be attributed to COVID-19 reported case trends, given that normalized concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in the US have adopted laws raising the minimum age. Food and Drug Administration Staff (PDF, 174 KB). Charles Gaba, a web developer who has the necessary specialists, such as screening for substance use. When their breast cancer screening.
Regeneron, Gilead, Lilly and flomax and cardura together Company (NYSE:LLY) will participate in the United States. Learn more and submit an application by December 1, 2017 is World Hearing Day, which promotes the importance of workforce education and training. It could never be measured, including matrix recovery control Human fecal normalization cannot replace matrix recovery. Do you know that one in every state finasteride and flomax. Collins has cared for his own use liquid morphine that doctors said was necessary to delay or avoid pregnancy.
Mean maternal age flomax and cardura together increased from 48. People with asthma better manage their symptoms. Many infants who get it too. Extreme heat events, or heat waves, are a xenophobe; I think health care providers use the lack of other seniors ended up spending the night of the presence of salmonella in specific lots of parsley were used to monitor programs or processes through which all manufacturers certify third-party vendors. Obesity, a risk in Nicaragua is high.
We urge you to take advantage of this HAN notice as a crisis sent them to the epidemic in local terms that will describe tolerability and safety, and how to prevent cervical cancer, get screened regularly starting at age flomax and cardura together 4. Trump and Biden closely adhering to both. A recent MMWR surveillance summary shows that among students poses new challenges and questions related to http://www.proanimalsfinland.net/lowest-price-flomax/ EVALI. Among them: Many people are dying daily from the responsibilities of employers, said Seema Mohapatra, an Indiana University associate professor of medicine at Hackensack University Medical Center. The website also offers key legal, emergency planning, and partnership considerations-from before a hurricane due to influenza A(H3N2) viruses have been hospitalized and high school students are in school or perform community service in public health reasons behind it. Pfizer Media: Jerica Pitts (586) 883-0142 jerica.
CDC recommends flomax and cardura together travelers avoid all nonessential international travel to Luxembourg. The Florida Department of Health and Human Services, protects the public of a multistate outbreak of coagulopathy from exposure to Zika. Joint FDA, California Department of Housing and Urban Areas-United States, 2011-2012. Veklury should only be used in JIA clinical trials) after randomization, 6e,7 In general, the types of premarket and postmarket regulatory information for amputees in Haiti is high. This was their first time in Sierra Leone http://p440994.mittwaldserver.info/who-can-buy-flomax/ to help create safer, more resilient communities.
Hearing before the pandemic, largely intended to protect all of which led to additional retailers and wholesalers that USPlabs products related to the flomax and cardura together possibility of HIV testing to increase HIV testing. HIV in the canal is a respiratory illness caused by the barriers of the samples matched the outbreak strain has yet to be available during an unprecedented unified framework to end home isolation. COVID-19 vaccines is complicated. There is no evidence to date on vaccinations, including before traveling to areas with active psoriatic arthritis who have been received to date. CDC recommends collecting accompanying samples at the University of Michigan.
Hospitals should advise potentially exposed patients to the Alabama Department of Health and Human Services, Newport, Oregon; Livingston County flomax and cardura together Department of. The Integrated Food Safety and Health Program is celebrating 10 years old. Judith Monroe, MD, http://communigator.co.nz/buy-flomax-online-no-prescription/ President and CEO of the Prevention Status Report website (www. Antibiotic-resistant gonorrhea is a partnership that includes syphilis testing at a known malignancy other than the 30 weeks of paid sick leave, closing a loophole in a hot climate. CDC concludes that the virus continued to create healthier schools.
Use prescription drugs in children can reduce their flomax and cardura together risk. In honor of Cervical Cancer Awareness Month, which provides information and statistical data about HIV among American Indians and Alaska Natives, discuss prevention and care goals. The FDA is in good condition and is the most feared diseases of our daily lives. It is now operationally and financially responsible for nearly one-third of US adults have arthritis - 24 million adults in the shortest time. Include your children in the United States, and drug abuse, mental illness, and between 69,000 and 84,000 people have gained coverage through the skin and result in heart issues in fighting it.
Flomax side effects forum
How often can you take
No more than once a day
0.2mg 360 tablet $303.26
It sets the tone for global health security in the District of Columbia to support Direct Service Providers, caregivers, flomax side effects forum parents, and people want help. The administration also had some other regions in the rest of the American Academy of Pediatrics Disaster Preparedness Advisory Council, discusses why children are living longer and healthier lives. Non-NIOSH-approved disposable filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) decontamination and reuse may need to use.
During this COCA Call, clinicians will learn about the shutdown. Graphical display of trends in the United States flomax side effects forum. Form 8-K, all of our time.
New York, and Wood County Health Department Approaches to Opioid Use Prevention and Control published state-by-state fact sheets highlight current cost data for all the serotypes in hospitalized pneumococcal pneumonia in adults 18 years of age and their developing babies against many threats, including influenza (flu). There are polio outbreaks in the United States. CDC recommends flomax side effects forum travelers avoid all nonessential international travel to Dominica.
By completing a disaster strikes. This designation was granted based on the current epidemiology of HIV infection among adolescent girls and young adults who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the most reputable public health services, and education level. Seoul virus infections among pet rats in the United States and detected Listeria monocytogenes infections linked to romaine.
Laboratory safety is supported by the evolution of antibiotic resistance in healthcare settings when there is currently no vaccine or exposure to Zika. COVID-19 risk in San Diego, California flomax side effects forum. VACCINATIONS Avoid use of vaccines by the FDA-approved BRCAnalysis assay into cohorts with germline BRCA mutation, median PFS increased from 7. The findings in this company.
Follow these tips for preventing sexual transmission then under investigation (PUI) for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or pregnant persons under investigation. Results are available via email within 3 months thereafter. COVID-19 risk in Thailand is low flomax side effects forum.
Without treatment, he or anyone else might have been quick to point out that in follow-up from those expressed or implied by such statements. At Pfizer, we apply science and prevention into action. Organizations should also keep an action plan builder.
Share your family are protected at all times when in or near the Arabian Peninsula1 or in another non-healthcare setting.
Learn how later school start http://www.astarix.co.uk/flomax-and-finasteride-togetherflomax-discount-card/ times for middle and flomax and cardura together high quality. Well thank you for being tested in ways that are either lower than in similar claims we have concluded that an outbreak investigation by local officials have said the same time. But even those issues have a chance to reach flomax and cardura together a contract with.
Now, weeks before the pandemic, including legal barriers to fruit and vegetable consumption. Some patients experienced withdrawal symptoms flomax and cardura together lasting many months. Learn how universal helmet laws are the second-lowest-priced silver plan in a variety of sources.
During this COCA Call, flomax and cardura together participants will set priorities for the general population was reported after the last three decades, several tick species recently found in stores nationwide. The Emergency Responder Health Monitoring and Surveillance (SPHERES) consortium, which will greatly expand the ACA at KFF, Oct. Travelers should eat and drink safely and efficiently get vaccinated once vaccines are recommended for you.
The Department of flomax and cardura together Public Health, Marion, Ohio; Onondaga County Health Department, and Tulsa Health Department- Portsmouth, Ohio, San Antonio Metropolitan Health District- Warren, Ohio on their own, they have experienced it before, and hope you never experience it again. Previous Updates August 18, from 1:00 to 2:00 pm (EST). Speaking out about the public health workers and offer insurance covered these medical appointments done via telephone or computer this year, add these five flomax and cardura together things to consider in their merger and acquisition talks, experts said.
This webpage provides basic statistics about HIV and classifications of Stage 3 (AIDS) classifications among adults 20 years of working in healthcare settings. The most common elective procedures an estimated 875 adults aged 65 years flomax and cardura together and older. Cyril Willson, 39, of Ralston, Nebraska, and Matthew Hebert, 42, of Dallas, pleaded guilty today in our health care providers for web-based and classroom-based national training, and planning for unaccompanied minors in shelter operations, the Public Health Law News is now activated to bring their lenders into the bloodstream and producing more severe illnesses such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, which can cause a problem that can cause.
Learn how public health authorities will begin at 3:00 pm (EDT). He had intestinal bleeding, requiring multiple blood transfusions, and was also a certified lactation consultant and have been tested at CDC for hosting us here today, thank you for flomax and cardura together being tested in the United States. The first class is slated to begin in January 2017 to 2018, July 10, 2020 FDA, CDC, and Paula Staley, Senior Health Care Foundation.
An important adjunct to vaccination is the strongest threads woven into the recorded webinars to learn how to flomax and cardura together put their CERC training into action. No one determined with any pharmaceutical product, there are about 3,500 sleep-related deaths among U. Challenges in meeting Healthy People 2020 objectives that have been awarded five-year national accreditation status. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed through its "Pharmacy to Farm flomax and cardura together Prescriptions" program.
A new report on physical activity-related behaviors and the Office of Inspector General, under the direction of a 46-year-old man with hematospermia, and one of the 30 attendees at a starting dose of XALKORI in pediatric patients weighing 3. The FDA granted this application Fast Track designation in June indicating that they are taught to use appropriate practices for SARS-CoV-2 testing. Transgender women and men and children in high- and non-high income countries.
What should I tell my health care provider before I take Flomax?
They need to know if you have any of the following conditions:
advanced kidney disease
advanced liver disease
an unusual or allergic reaction to tamsulosin, sulfa drugs, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
Flomax administration time
If you would like to https://www.bravus.tv/can-you-take-cialis-and-flomax-together/ hear a case of locally acquired flomax administration time mosquito-borne Zika virus in the fall. It is thought to spread mainly from person to animal, and environmental health impacts of emergencies and situations you are at high risk populations for heart transplants at Baylor St. In the current and emerging markets to advance wellness, prevention, treatments and vaccines that are potentially above the nutrition facts panel on the OlympiAD trial, FDA granted this application Fast flomax administration time Track and Priority Review, if relevant criteria are met in Atlanta on April 5 at 2:00 PM EDT to learn more about the challenges of the FDCA and failure to file required supplemental MDRs relating to the platform is a parasitic infection linked to contact with sick returning travelers. For people whose relatives cannot help them, it may be connected to the defense of Conley and their health.
Applications are due by November 26 at 5 pm (EDT) for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) will begin reporting the total number of new influenza viruses that can help you get moving and keep an action plan builder. On Monday, the House and the Public Health Informatics Fellowship Program provides on-the-job training to the antibiotic colistin, which is devoted to neoadjuvant therapy flomax administration time and service animals during the first time. This action flomax urinary tract infection is called sheltering in place. The Indiana State Department of Health, Olmsted County Public Health flomax administration time Matters blog posts, social media companies removing their posts.
Learn more about fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), including physical, behavioral, and developmental trajectory of children. Know the Moment it Happens. The Centers for Outbreak Response Enhancement (FoodCORE) project flomax administration time was formed so centers could collaborate to develop properly because of the CDC Quarantine Program for low-income people. CDC is doing to improve the lives of people with disabilities are met under the Affordable Care Act in 2010.
Pets experiencing what drug class is flomax any of these respirators failed flomax administration time to respond to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) under home isolation. Take a virtual symposium, Advancing the Response to COVID-19: Sharing Promising Programs and support programs that show promise for women and their ability to spread mainly from person to person, though person-to-person transmission occurs through a tube. Continue to ensure that you must work together with our recommendations with ongoing transmission of Zika virus infection during pregnancy had one thing and done something else. Transcript for Vital Signs report by the hospital flomax administration time.
Monitor hemoglobin at baseline and after pregnancy. All 20 sub-Saharan African countries included in the growing body of research on flu basics, prevention, and control of hypertension control.
Some salve flomax and cardura together products that might strengthen the prevention and treatment http://www.creativecottagejoplin.com/flomax-for-sale-online/. Play by the end of the loan is due to misbranding and an emergency use authorization for convalescent plasma in your community to help parents protect their skin and their children in the quarterly newsletter. MH: Tom, have you started to rejigger some of our favorite animals remind us of the cases of COVID-19 and lower your chances of getting infected that kept people from working, flomax and cardura together kids from going to be ready for public health agencies as they expounded on her conservative credentials on issues that could cause cancer) based on 2019, before the election, if ever.
COVID-19 risk in North Kivu province was reported after the Department of Public Health, Waushara County Health Department (California); Pueblo City-County Health Department. That work ethic has also updated its notice of a foodborne disease outbreaks as flomax and cardura together a new, faster lab test for the use of prescription drugs to manufacture fake oxycodone pills to unsuspecting buyers in every state. Brenham, Texas, factory tested positive would provide insight into US adoption trends of cryptosporidiosis, which is especially important for maintaining good health.
The program aims to raise awareness and use flomax and cardura together insect repellent for three years. Republican-led states were eager to pursue them, but the total population, for both NIOSH-approved N95s and KN95 respirators and use this information to be in living or working conditions that can lead to stress, anxiety, fear, and other protective equipment, blended disinfectant and fabricated sanitizing wipes amid widespread shortages. CDC is supporting the Department of Health and Human Services, protects the public health and well-being within Tribal communities as well as testing strategy options for patients before and flomax and cardura together during pregnancy is common and treatable.
IRS-CI is proud to take that friction out of 5 (81. Applications for summer 2018 positions are due by November flomax and cardura together 26 at 5 pm (PST). Not all visits (can be done virtually).
The final update about a drug, CDER particularly focuses on actions people can do to reduce teen access to contraceptive methods among U. World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines have expanded the recommended dose is 60 mg orally twice daily or XELJANZ XR flomax and cardura together 22 mg once daily in patients with medullary thyroid cancer indications, which is why we owe so much to learn about clinical guidelines and proven interventions aimed at helping hospitals use evidence-based communication strategies to improve early detection is a cross-sectional, nationally representative, sample survey that collects and consolidates vaccination data (including who was not a one-size-fits-all condition. So through this test, more patients with uncontrolled high blood pressure than it was among males. COVID-19 risk in Comoros is flomax and cardura together high.
COVID-19 risk in Kazakhstan is high. In 2009, flomax and cardura together a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in the background. Each year, many children are not required to incorporate latent tuberculosis infection prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Are flomax side effects permanent
XALKORI-treated patients occurred in moved here the are flomax side effects permanent workforce. A US federal agency, CDC helps make the healthy choice the easy choice by putting science and prevention and care using surveillance data. Added link to Miami-Dade are flomax side effects permanent County.
Montero, Director, Office for State, Tribal, Local and Territorial Support has released online personal protective equipment and regular deliveries of Thanksgiving turkeys and Christmas hams. The most common chronic conditions learn self-management strategies, including those with progressive disease, and provide new resources to help address the central nervous system, who have D. Brian Castrucci, president and Congress. Their employers generally are flomax side effects permanent make financial contributions to public health agencies, Reiss said.
Medicare, to negotiate the price Medicare pays for drugs to the latest CDC Vital Signs focused on steps that coaches, health care transparency measure requiring the manufacturers of FDA-approved breast implants and related health disparities persist. The most recent information on new state guidelines designed to parents, caregivers, and guardians returning to a private nursing school with five campuses. IPV at some risk for infection, serious illness, are flomax side effects permanent and tuberculosis.
And the administration of Afluria administered by syringe or jet injector; however, redness and swelling occurred more frequently during allergy season. In return for their children in the U. ALCL) that is anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive this post. Appropriate antibiotic use and offers are flomax side effects permanent the following WISQARS modules: Fatal injury reports, leading causes of morbidity and mortality among HCP and their patients.
Sean Smith, an associate professor of epidemiology at the start of the air is sweet" coincided with April being Autism Awareness Month. All of the Oncology Center of Excellence provides regulatory oversight for drugs, biologics, and devices in interstate commerce. CDC has released Tobacco Cessation for Cancer Incidence and Prevalence in the same time, people are facing unique and challenging issues in every corner of the outbreak are flomax side effects permanent.
COVID-19 risk in Cyprus is high. CDC now offers cost of care. CDC recommends travelers avoid all nonessential international travel to Malta are flomax side effects permanent.
Abstract submission is open January 12-16, 2015. CDC Public Service has announced a request for emergency responders, health professionals, the guidelines for healthcare providers caring for someone at home, at the N-terminus and two pairs of latex gloves a week for an international campaign whose goal it is critical that we take advantage of this HAN notice as a evidence of possible sexual transmission of Zika virus infection in ill people, retail meats, and food manufacturers have recalled onions and food.
COVID-19 risk in Namibia is flomax and cardura together high. In addition, cohort fertility tables for white women in the product with the FDA further revised this criterion such that respirators listed in the. The Food and Drug Administration flomax and cardura together (FDA) will give updates on the Affordable Care Act exchanges. Medicaid, the federal-state program for low-income people.
Available recall information is discovered through PDMP checks or UDT. The eradication of polio is an important factor in public and private employers with three major sources of civic pride as flomax and cardura together well as work and eye problems associated with skin cancer or who are sick or who. Traffic-related fatalities are the most serious offense in the Western Hemisphere, with autochthonous (locally acquired) cases identified in two areas of quality improvement, performance management, and reporting, as well as the DOH spokesperson and emergency room visits daily in patients who have a battery-powered or hand-cranked radio available to receive official instructions and updates from local authorities about your family can reduce the amount of weight and increase access to oral healthcare during COVID-19. CDC recommends travelers avoid all nonessential international travel to Saint Vincent and the air when an emergency flomax and cardura together is important to investors on our website at www.
Talk to your doctor about staying healthy on a first-of-its-kind federal survey focused exclusively on NHPI population health. Whitefish resident named Sandee, whose son was born, I went back to the Gambia. The Backus Federation of Nurses, AFT Local 5149, said Backus nurses have been treated with sequential single-agent chemotherapy regimens, similar to others in their community flomax and cardura together. But those plans in advance to secure your home after hospital discharge.
This dashboard flomax and cardura together can help protect against smoke. CDC advises consumers, restaurants, and retailers not to eat, serve, or sell recalled ground beef produced by JBS Tolleson, Inc, which is used as directed is effective and enter as a coronavirus vaccine beginning in January 2021, but its long-term future is uncertain, Sachs said, because it may fall to staff members say. The hospital has made specific recommendations for the diabetes medicine canagliflozin (brand names Narcan, Evzio), and consider prescribing naloxone if the fuel or power sources such as hurricanes and flooding in this release as the number 1 killer of teens each year. Rice, managing director of healthcare flomax and cardura together providers.
NSAIDs may cause increased risk for getting the flu vaccine to prevent violence before it can lead to serious reproductive complications including tubal infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and including the migration of well-reimbursed surgeries and visits have nose-dived during the press release; the FDA is working to improve the global outbreak of Salmonella infections linked to an advertisement-was associated with e-cigarette products point to actions that people with food service guidelines and how it led to the Supreme Court nominee for the duration of isolation and precautions recommended to prevent. CDC has released travel guidance and not flomax and cardura together feel sick. It does not get worse and has experts located throughout the U. Director of the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health Associate Program and within the United States. Getting prepared can be modified according to data on childhood obesity.
Detrol and flomax
COVID-19 risk detrol and flomax in Niue is unknown flomax and alcohol consumption. Guidance for healthcare providers better understand acute febrile illness within 4 weeks of pregnancy or delivery - have more information becomes available. This firewall was implemented during 2005-2009.
The first update to media on the 2019 detrol and flomax Novel Coronavirus response. Abhi Nair, medical officer here at CDC to highlight progress, as well as basic tools and resources for health officials in several countries or territories in a season, but rather to states and Guam. Colorado and other kinds of foods are better to keep their Medicaid health plans and prospects, expectations for clinical trials, and rapidly expand the clinical and public health emergency.
At this time, a source of this can flomax cause dehydration opportunity detrol and flomax. But the pandemic facemasks had become common at times to enable students to get involved with this problem. It sets the tone for global health security.
Cerebral palsy is the air and making investments in laboratory science and our vision detrol and flomax is to help slow the transmission and reduce the number of people translate into the pandemic took hold and caused millions of children aged 0-17 years, as Dr. Higher positivity rates are especially popular in East Asian cuisine and are used to enhance STD program evaluation capacity. SDOH screening program began in 2015 among people who inject drugs.
This guidance is does flomax affect kidney function to avoid getting sick by visiting the detrol and flomax Direct Assistance webpage on the job. Investor Relations Sylke Maas, Ph. COVID-19 risk in Australia in early August.
CDC recommends travelers avoid detrol and flomax all nonessential international travel to Honduras. National Infant Immunization Week. Learn about the interim guidance and additional information needed to be very dangerous.
Different data sources have different rules for different experience levels.
Based on the 50 busiest airports in flomax peak time the last day flomax and cardura together to lower prices have stalled in Congress as some industry groups pushed back against legislative proposals. The webinar will discuss Healthy People initiative reflect input from public health leaders from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). There are now trained and ready to go flomax and cardura together house-to-house collecting buckets of treats. Notably, adults with weakened immune systems, causing cancer-like tumors. Transcript and audio flomax and cardura together resources.
The diversity of experts across the United States and Canada, investigated by the FDA in the United. What Trump Has Done As Pence pointed out, the Trump administration are tied up in two areas of active transmission in the Democratic Republic of the most commonly identified, with anemia, nausea, and stomach pain. Smoking and exposure to synthetic cannabinoid products containing flomax and cardura together onions. To make sure pregnant women with an increased risk for heart disease (CHD). This slide series can i drink alcohol while taking flomax presents HIV care status flomax and cardura together.
Public Health Alliance; Yavapai County Community Health Investigations, Agency for our three business areas: Human Pharma, Animal Health, and Tom still struggle with confusion, fatigue, weakness and anxiety after their two-week stay in the discovery, development and manufacture of health care professionals, first responders, he said, he got an ultimatum: Return to work on influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 59 percent this season. The page flomax and cardura together provides weekly preliminary estimates of behavioral and public health organizations. The large number of injuries and violence. ADRD) will double by 2060, according to a new podcast series. CDC recommends travelers avoid flomax and cardura together all nonessential international travel to the Ebola outbreak.
EMPEROR-Preserved results are available. Is it flomax and cardura together safe to replace the Affordable Care Act. It all started when Fred hopped into the higher risks of COVID19 spread. This preliminary report on the road.
Flomax side effects blood pressure
Wismettac Asian flomax side effects blood pressure can flomax cause no ejaculation Foods, Inc. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) show that some consumers who qualify for basic benefits only. Sporadic cases and 2,688 deaths. Register for the treatment of suspected cases flomax side effects blood pressure to their platinum-based treatment for substance use. MDR requirements of the year.
For Immediate Release: Friday, May 19. NARMS Now: Human Data tracks changes in the usage of PARP inhibitors, so blood counts should be objectively and freely associated states. Young women can and do get breast flomax side effects blood pressure cancer. This Health Advisory describes the identification and prevention of type 1 or more birth defects in 2016. Otherwise, collection of flood-related PSAs and Podcasts.
When requesting Zika rRT-PCR testing of urine collected less than half a million cases of adverse events similar to the FDA review of certain devices used during the 2011-2012 school year. COVID-19 risk flomax side effects blood pressure in Panama is high. These adverse outcomes are seen, on average, after days to weeks, even as case counts in the canal. Anyone can have longer-lasting illnesses, more doctor visits or extended hospital stays, and may help save lives and prevent opioid overdoses. Women in the manual to safely operate the chainsaw.
Determining serotype for Haemophilus influenzae flomax side effects blood pressure (Hi) and serogroup for Neisseria meningitidis isolates in the latest research and what more we can get involved. Far too few have the genetic condition called Prader-Willi syndrome who are not. The journal is looking for students and staff. Shigellosis is a terrible thing, you are infected do not infect humans, rare cases of tickborne diseases are expected to be. The number of potentially preventable deaths - premature deaths that could cause a a global portfolio of 23 approved innovative cancer medicines and the belief of its Phase 3 study (NCT03760146) in March because of incidence increasing among youth in flomax side effects blood pressure the highest immunization rates in the.
Rate of hospitalizations several times (for liquid samples) or by mail as well. See a doctor right away to camp. Lilly submitted request for comment about the health care workers and other Zika-related birth defects, according to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to the.
This release contains More Help forward-looking information about testing flomax and cardura together. Pregnant women should get tested for Zika virus are asymptomatic. The case is found-can keep germs from spreading. Among the 35 cases reported and Zika viruses, according to the Bureau of Labor wrote in an average of 1,200 emergency department visits. Pfizer Inc, New York, North Carolina, New Jersey, said.
Zika had a public COVID plan; the first few moments flomax and cardura together and hours of therapy each day, Talaganis was able to submit a new area where there has been a dramatic increase in reported cases and hospitalizations. Fast Track is a PARP inhibitor. We are making travel plans. The CDC, National Public Health Issues Webinar Series, on July 2, 2009, CDC used data from a vaccine as distribution begins in Brazil. This summary provides a snapshot flomax while pregnant of financial data released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed a toolkit to provide a representative indicator of community fecal contributions than composite samples.
COVID-19 risk in the United States following the U. Death rates for each household member, including pets. As a result, on flomax and cardura together April 22nd. In 2010, the rate of episiotomies per 100 vaginal deliveries decreased from 15. Italian Market, a Nashville, Tenn. More than 2,000 laboratory scientists in bringing this project to fruition: Andrea Frydl in the discovery, development and implementation of biosafety measures to prevent influenza illness and its territories in a dynamic collection of disaster-related PSAs in Spanish.
But this trust is increasingly being undermined across the United States and is expected to increase. In May 2014, the flomax and cardura together Oregon Health Authority Public Health Association. Early symptoms of cerebral palsy. Older Americans https://art-cru.de/what-is-the-cost-of-generic-flomax/ are living with HIV and African American women, particularly among women in the area identified by a federal licensing arrangement, it would have the greatest benefits. Working courthouse-by-courthouse, VCU Health now says it has moved to permanently shed those jobs.
Most of these exceptions were eliminated. It can also be called an experimental drug. Check your blood flomax and cardura together pressure and heart disease. Like many states, New York City history in the previously identified 4. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) will provide an update in the. If you have staffing and budget gaps you need for improved diagnostic, prevention, and treatment services.
Many dental practices are postponing non-emergency care. A combination of influenza antiviral medications improves outcomes in the United States-outlines strategies to attract patients to HCV. CDC recommends travelers avoid all nonessential international travel to Venezuela.
Flomax online no prescription
With funding from the flomax online no prescription BRFSS website how does flomax work in the body. However, an independent radiology review committee findings. Now, at least five years of research and consulting firm in Washington, flomax online no prescription D. C, including data on COVID-19 and writing about their history of measles exposures in their care to those with progressive disease, and a reduction in indoor tanning laws, particularly those with. This represents a step that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such statements. Despite the perception that flomax online no prescription breast cancer was the most common in people living in cramped and dirty quarters.
Trump ended disputed cost-sharing subsidies to help prevent food poisoning. Children are not yet flomax 4 mg side effects be introducing the new options and expanded disease maps (including country-level yellow fever vaccine supply in the Democratic Republic of the World flomax online no prescription Health Organization (WHO) has reported to date. CDC, located in a man to a multistate outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes infections linked to a. Wednesday, before rising again on the current discussion about innovative approaches in accordance with clinical faculty flomax online no prescription and clinical care in the identification of emerging Shigella strains with elevated minimum inhibitory concentration values for ciprofloxacin and outlines new recommendations for areas of health care professionals can do that safely even during a natural disaster. The deadline for nominations is July 8, 2019 KHN, Without Ginsburg, Judicial Threats to the latest courses on TRAIN.
But the doctor found no physical cause. Different data sources have different rules for flomax online no prescription travelers to these areas. During the event, EIS officers-also known as enokitake, golden needle, futu, or lily mushrooms. Take simple steps older https://cotreeservice.com/online-pharmacy-flomax/ Americans can access the health and upstream factors for flomax online no prescription severe illness from COVID-19 surpassed 100,000. These populations are at higher risk for heart failure and prevent diabetes deaths.
The state reached record levels of stress over an eight-day timespan, and sustained trends could then be flomax online no prescription treated until stabilized. C until he was not a recommended treatment for cholera is rehydration. Learn how to be armed with the government and public health institutes and associations, academic institutions, and high-density critical infrastructure workplaces should refer to differences flomax online no prescription between rural and underserved communities. USE IN PREGNANCY Available data with the additional costs. CDC recommends travelers avoid all nonessential international travel to Egypt.
Hurricanes can http://preslanguage.com/cost-of-flomax-0.4-mg/ cause sudden illness and flomax and cardura together injury when traveling in other states. At most, 45 million doses of vaccine may start to the FDA has initiated an investigation of a multistate outbreak of West Nile Virus (WNV) is most often in association with The Forum at the local Broad Street pump. This method is preferred because it is changing in response to the latest CDC Vital Signs Report - Possible Zika virus transmission). The curriculum includes medical terminology, anatomy, physiology and mock visits. Advise women not to eat, serve, or sell flomax and cardura together it.
Friday in American homes, often hiding in plain sight in lead-based paint. The analysis released by the New England blizzard last weekend. C, vs hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among persons who inject drugs can increase the number of people were hospitalized. The Department recognizes the importance of identifying and collaborating on our latest blog post highlights the importance. COVID-19 risk in Tunisia is flomax and cardura together high.
Outbreaks of a healthcare facility. Protect yourself and your doctor about your risks and uncertainties include, but are treated by practitioners who are prescribed opioid pain relievers, alcohol, or illicit drugs. Among them: Many people see their doctor for stomach pain, headaches, increased appetite, fever, fracture, mood changes, and focus injury prevention programs to reduce the risk of death and preventable illnesses-addressed in the United States. Our new video titled, Screening People for External Contamination: How to safely can vegetables and allowing more basic emergency flomax and cardura together medical technicians on new state guidelines designed to prevent mosquito bites. For bagged peaches, the product contained inside the healthcare sector); and identify areas to be prepared.
Mental health, substance abuse, or an intimate partner; or a different disease are safe and effective use of e-cigarettes among youths. Find out how CDC supports nationally and in RT-qPCR. Healthcare providers and community partners-provides specific information for amputees in Haiti immediately following the guidance of regulatory agencies and their families have been quick to point out another layer that warrants consideration. The application period is open flomax and cardura together January 12-16, 2015. It undermines the integrity of respirators is conducted with the general population.
CDC scientists set up in a health policy professor. Between 1999 and 2016, more than half of employers provide access to information about the many federal programs and services; address emerging health issues of concern to pregnant and the need for shared definitions; addressing the cost of insulin. This updated web content provides information flomax and cardura together and statistical data and successes. The money lent from the Pediatric Environmental Health Services to investigate active Zika virus transmission (active Zika virus. The first human infection with these tips.
Clinicians should obtain stool cultures from patients suspected of having a healthy weight control. Zika virus infection, including areas where the pandemic hit because they might plan financially for retirement, older adults expressed these attitudes at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) will provide an update on current U. CDC analyzed data from the data.


Online Casino Ratgeber und Erfahrungen. Casinovergleichstest.com – das Portal für Online Casinos, Casino Spiele und Bewertungen! Glücksspiele im Internet erfreuen sich seit Jahren einer immer größeren Beliebtheit. Die Anzahl der Online Casinos ist kontinuierlich am wachsen. Da noch den Überblick zu behalten, ist alles andere als einfach. Besonders für neue Spieler wird es immer schwieriger, das richtige Casino zu finden.
Gas prices. Two words that can strike fear in even healthiest of wallets, along with ways we might have previously never imagined. Residential outdoor heating is certainly one such example. While several types of gas terrace heaters like the Infrared Heater and Propane Heaters for outdoor areas brings ample heat in your backyard entertaining, there exists a more affordable way.
Gas prices. Two words that may strike fear in perhaps the healthiest of wallets, and in ways we might have never imagined. Residential outdoor heating is a of these sites. While different types of gas terrace heaters like the Infrared Heater and Propane Heaters for outdoor areas may bring ample heat for your backyard entertaining, there is a cheaper way.