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Владимирский собор — православный храм в Киеве; памятник неовизантийской архитектуры, над украшением которого работали ведущие художники Российской империи.

История
В 1852 году митрополит Киевский и Галицкий Филарет (Амфитеатров) в письме российскому императору Николаю I выразил идею сооружения в Киеве храма, который был бы памятником князю Киевскому Владимиру Святославичу. Предполагалось, что храм будет сооружён исключительно на благотворительные пожертвования.

12 июля 1853 года Николай I утвердил доклад Святейшего синода о сооружении в Киеве соборного храма во имя Святого равноапостольного князя Владимира, в августе был создан строительный комитет, в который вошли преимущественно духовные лица. Проектирование храма было поручено архитектору Ивану Штрому.

С 1857 года со смертью митрополита Филарета количество пожертвований ощутимо уменьшилось. Новый митрополит Исидор не так активно, как предшественник, следил за строительством храма. Он добился, что для сооружения храма был выделен участок земли рядом с Киевским университетом святого Владимира, хотя раньше участок для собора был выделен в пределах города Ярослава. Однако в 1857 году в Киев прибыл император Александр II, который заинтересовался проектом. Ознакомившись с ходом подготовки к строительству собора, он повелел возвести его на пустыре между Бибиковским бульваром и Фундуклеевской улицей.

В 1859 году Иван Штром представил чертежи собора на рассмотрение строительного комитета. Собор был спроектирован в неовизантийском стиле, в плане он был крестовым. Собор должны были увенчать тринадцать золотых куполов. Строительный комитет, рассмотрев и одобрив проект, отправил чертежи в Петербург, где его утвердил лично Александр II.

В марте 1860 года была спланирована площадка для строительства храма. Учитывая дефицит средств, строительный комитет поручил епархиальному архитектору Павлу Спарро переработать проект Штрома с целью уменьшения размеров сооружения и сметы на его строительство. Спарро, чтобы полностью не переделывать проект, решил снять боковые нефы, то есть изменить крестовидную основу. Вместо тринадцати куполов он оставил семь.

Непосредственный надзор за строительством строительный комитет поручил Александру Беретти, который внёс значительные изменения в проект Штрома — Спарро.

15 июля 1862 года, в день празднования памяти князя Владимира, в присутствии местной аристократии и духовенства митрополит Киевский и Галицкий Арсений заложил первый камень будущего храма.

В 1866 году собор был выстроен до куполов. Однако неожиданно стены, а вслед за ними арки и перекрытия дали глубокие трещины. Стало понятно, что они не выдержат веса куполов. Работы прекратили, был создан специальный технический комитет из ведущих киевских архитекторов, из Петербурга вызвали Ивана Штрома. Выяснилось, что ситуация вызвана допущенными при переделках проекта ошибками в математических расчётах.

В 1875 году в Киев снова приехал император Александр II. Осуществляя инспекционный осмотр города, он поинтересовался и строительством соборного храма. Увидев пустую строительную площадку и полностью прогнившие леса, он приказал продолжить строительство. Из Петербурга немедленно вызвали архитектора Рудольфа Бернгарда, который совершил точные математические расчёты нагрузок на стены и перекрытия, а затем нашёл и техническое решение для ликвидации трещин. Внешние несущие стены было предложено укрепить пристройкой боковых нефов и контрфорсов.

В июне 1876 года были возобновлены строительные работы, которые возглавил киевский архитектор Владимир Николаев. Он разработал проекты боковых нефов. Внутри храм был разделён на три нефа: средний и два боковых, а те, в свою очередь, разделены хорами на две неравные части. Округлость строению предоставляли апсиды, соответствовавшие ширине внутренних нефов. В соборе планировалось сделать пять притворов (три внизу и два на хорах). Однако по византийским традициям было решено, что во Владимирском соборе будет один престол в среднем нефе, в правом же разместится жертвенник, а в левом — ризница. Ещё два алтаря — Ольгинский и Борисоглебский — должны были находиться на хорах.

В 1882 году двадцатилетнее строительство собора завершилось. Возник вопрос о внутреннем убранстве собора. Член Киевского церковно-археологического общества и профессор Киевской духовной академии Иван Малышевский выразил мнение, что внутренний вид собора должен стилистически и канонически соответствовать храмам эпохи, во время которой жил князь Владимир.
За создание проекта оформления и отделки собора взялся археолог и профессор искусствоведения Адриан Прахов. Через год он представил строительному комитету и Церковно-археологическому обществу детальный проект художественного оформления собора, указав место размещения каждого сюжета, его размеры, а также представив рисунки мраморных иконостасов и кивория. Однако строительный комитет этот проект отклонил. Создание нового проекта художественного оформления было поручено архитектору Владимиру Николаеву.

Однако в это время Адриан Прахов представил свой проект оформления собора на рассмотрение Петербургского археологического общества, которое не только его одобрило, но и, заручившись поддержкой бывшего обер-прокурора Синода и министра внутренних дел Дмитрия Толстого, назначило профессора искусствоведения руководителем художественного оформления собора. Для росписей собора Адриан Прахов пригласил в 1885 году Виктора Васнецова, а впоследствии и Михаила Нестерова, Павла Сведомского, Вильгельма Котарбинского и некоторых других художников.

Предполагалось, что отделочные работы будут закончены к июлю 1888 года, к празднованию 900-летия крещения Руси, которое наиболее торжественно отмечали именно в Киеве. Одновременно с собором должно было состояться установление памятника Богдану Хмельницкому. Но если памятник гетману был установлен, то освящение Владимирского собора ко дню празднества провести не смогли по причине опоздания отделочных работ. Невозможность соединить освящение храма во имя святого равноапостольного князя Владимира, «наподобие того, как это было во время коронации, когда был освящён Храм Спасителя в Москве», стала очевидна уже к началу июня. Это послужило причиной большого разочарования организаторов.

Весной 1896 года роспись и отделка собора практически были завершены, за исключением Ольгинского и Борисоглебского приделов на хорах. Освящение должно было состояться , в день памяти князя Владимира, но торжества перенесли на более позднее время: ожидали приезда в Киев императора Николая II.

20 августа 1896 года в присутствии императорской семьи, сановников, высшего духовенства митрополит Киевский Иоанникий (Руднев) освятил собор.
30 мая и 1 июня 1913 года в соборе проводились торжественные богослужения, возглавлявшиеся патриархом Антиохийским Григорием IV, бывшем в России с визитом.

В мае 1914 года при соборе основано Свято-Владимирское братство.

 в соборе состоялось торжественное богослужение памяти Тараса Шевченко.

В 1929 году Всеукраинский центральный исполнительный комитет одобрил решение о закрытии собора и превращении храма в Музей антирелигиозной пропаганды. Некоторое время здесь находились архивные фонды местных органов власти, потом книгохранилище педагогического института.

Во время немецкой оккупации собор был отреставрирован, на конец 1943 года намечалось его торжественное освящение. После освобождения Киева в 1944 году стал кафедральным храмом митрополита Киевского и Галицкого, экзарха Украины.

В 1988 году в храме прошли торжества, посвящённые 1000-летию Крещения Руси.

В 1995 году в храме состоялся Собор Украинской православной церкви Киевского патриархата (УПЦ КП), на котором митрополит Филарет (Денисенко) был избран патриархом Киевским и всея Руси-Украины. Собор не был признан ни одной из Поместных православных церквей.

После объединения УПЦ КП и УАПЦ в декабре 2018 года и создания на их базе Православной церкви Украины (ПЦУ) храм остался под фактическим контролем Филарета (Денисенко), который 20 июня 2019 года провёл здесь собрание, заявившее о воссоздании Киевского патриархата. Министерство культуры Украины, впрочем, отрицает восстановление УПЦ КП.

См. также
 Крещение Руси (фреска)

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт
 Собор-шедевр. Иллюстрированная справка о Свято-Владимирском соборе в Киеве.
 Владимирский собор на SkyscraperPage.com
 3D-модель Свято-Владимирский кафедральный собор в слое «3D-здания» в Google Планета Земля
 Владимирский собор — памятник традициям меценатства. Журнал «Антиквар»

Владимирский
Храмы Украинской православной церкви Киевского патриархата
Киев
Киев
Здания и сооружения, заложенные в 1862 году
Храмы, построенные в 1882 году в России
Православные храмы XIX века
Памятники архитектуры Украины национального значения
Православные храмы Киева


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New Organic Certification Will Help Shoppers Choose Sustainable Products
Regenerative Organic Certification is the highest standard for organic agriculture in the world.
Published August 20, 2020 12:30PM EDT
Apricot Lane avocado oil is one of the newly certified products.
Apricot Lane Farms via Patagonia (used with permission)
There's a new certification in the farming world. Called the Regenerative Organic Certified (ROC) standard, it uses the U.S. Department of Agriculture's organic certification as its baseline, then adds further criteria for soil, animal, and worker health and wellbeing. This makes it "the highest standard for organic agriculture in the world." It will be used for food, fiber, and personal care products.
The ROC standard was created by the Regenerative Organic Alliance, which formed in 2018 to respond to the growing need for a better agricultural economy. As a press release explains, it "exists to heal a broken system, repair a damaged planet, and empower farmers and consumers to forge a brighter future through better farming." The Alliance includes big names such as Patagonia, Dr. Bronner's, Textile Exchange, Fair World Project, and the Rodale Institute, all of which are known for their own progressive agricultural standards and add some real credibility to the new ROC certification.
The standard is built upon three pillars of soil health, animal welfare, and social fairness, and participants can achieve bronze, silver, or gold levels of certification, based on the extent of their participation. For optimal soil health, the farming method must use cover crops and rotate them, avoid GMOs and synthetic inputs, protect biodiversity, and more. Regarding animal welfare, animals must be free from discomfort, distress, hunger, pain, and allowed to express natural behaviors; they must be pastured-raised, not kept in tight quarters, and minimally transported. As for social fairness, farmers must be paid fairly, be part of democratic organizations, enjoy good working conditions and living wages, benefit from long-term commitments, freedom of association, and more.
A coconut farmer working for Dr Bronner's in Sri Lanka. Dr Bronners via Patagonia (used with permission)
Last year a pilot project was conducted to see how food, textiles, and personal care products could be made to meet the new standard, and now, this summer, the standard is being launched officially in the marketplace. A number of brands who participated in the pilot project are now ROC-certified, with products ranging from avocado oil and coconut oil to oats, bananas, Basmati rice, and popcorn, among others.
In the words of Elizabeth Whitlow, executive director of the Regenerative Organic Alliance,
"The success that these leading, regenerative organic businesses have achieved in only one year is proof that ROC is not only a viable and attainable certification, but that indeed we are shaping the future of agriculture supply chains and consumer demand for truly regenerative organic products. I look forward to growing the certification in the years ahead with many more brands."
While it remains to be seen how well the ROC takes in the marketplace, it's precisely the kind of thing we need – a simpler, clearer approach to certifying food and agricultural products as sustainable, particularly since this year's COVID-19 pandemic has "revealed the underlying risks and inequalities in the global food system." Even food policy professor Corinna Hawkes called for something similar to B-Corp certification for food growers in a recent piece in The Conversation, "some sort of instantly recognizable qualification that notifies shoppers of its healthfulness." ROC sounds like a perfect fit.
Patagonia Provisions, the branch of the bigger Patagonia company that sells food (learn more about that interesting project here), will now be the go-to e-commerce store for all ROC products, including ones in the pilot phase and undergoing the transition to full certification.
How Do We Reset the Global Food Economy?
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Welcome to Hondupalma, the World's First Sustainable Certified Palm Oil Cooperative!
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The Lush Spring Prize Celebrates Social and Environmental Regeneration
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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I watch as his little brain gets sucked out his eyes.
At least that's what it looks like when my toddler watches videos. His jaw is slack. His eyes dart around the screen, taking in the fast moving images.
It makes a bit sick to my stomach, actually, and I have to make it stop.
A few months ago, we introduced our little man to the power of YouTube. This helped a great deal during our seemingly unending hours of travel. We maintained some sense of sanity and peace as Ari stared in awe at a cartoon Russian girl conversing with a bear, and he watched the animal videos on loop.
Then, in Oklahoma, Ari rode a horse. Twice.
Since December, he now asks multiple times per day, "Horsey? Up?"
We become the horses. He romp, he giggles.
Sometimes we are tired. Sometimes it feels good to have a toddler snuggled in my lap, quiet and calm for a moment.
Plus, it's not really tv, right?
I grew up in a television rich environment. I can tell you about my fascination with Sesame Street, The Thundercats, Voltran, He-Man and She-ra, and a host of confusing movies I watched with my parents - to this day, I think they let me watch them only because they knew I wouldn't understand the sexual innuendo. I've watched some of these movies as an adult and am SHOCKED at what those movies were actually about. Ah well, it was the eighties, and television was good for kids. It was educational.
I could quote the studies on the deleterious effects of television when viewed by children under two, but it's not really the experts that make me want to keep him from the screen, it's that blank look my son gets on his face. He is utterly absorbed in a way I don't like.
I've tried to be okay with this. After all, I don't live on a farm, and my child craves images of horses, chickens, goats, and sometimes, bunnies. Youtube videos allow him the chance to "interact" with these animals (Yes, I know we could take him to a farm or a petting zoo, but he makes these requests at 7 p.m. on weeknights, a time when it is much easier to oblige the request than to run off to pet a goat).
I'm over my own rationalizations, though. If the blank stare, paired with the occasional gleeful shout ("Horsey!" "Chicken! Chicken! Chicken!"), wasn't enough, there are now the nuclear meltdowns that come after we turn off the videos that have me convinced it's time to eliminate the screen time.
Monday, we turned off the screen so we could read together, and he started screaming, "Goaaaats. Goaaaaattttttts." He bawled. His face turned red. He started sweating. I grabbed a book and started reading to distract him. He got somewhat involved in the book, there were horses after all. I thought he had forgotten about the videos. Then he would turn to us and whimper, "Goat." He was a mess.
Wednesday, he was all about chickens. We watched a few videos, then I was ready to move on to a new activity. He was having none of this turn off the computer screen nonsense. He bawled, he cried, he turned red..."Chicken! Chicken!" I was glad we were at home, where no one but the dog could bear witness to this complete meltdown. We had watched videos for ten minutes max. He screamed for twenty. He asked me to get up. I would ask him to say please. "No." He wanted to be picked up, then would go limp noodle. Finally, after he had completely forgotten why he was crying, he collapsed in my arms, rested his head on my chest, and sighed. His little heart raced against mine. His breath was ragged. He sniffled. All over chicken videos.
No more videos. Sorry, buddy.
On a completely unrelated note, anyone have ideas for how to indulge a farm animal crazed toddler without the use of animal videos?


Boulder's newest open mic night! In the heart of downtown, underneath the historical Hotel Boulderado, License No. 1 offers a unique open mic listening environment. Hosted by local songwriters from Foxfeather, all genres of musicians, comedians and poets are encouraged to participate!


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Natalie Laura Mering (born June 11, 1988), known professionally as Weyes Blood (pronounced ), is an American singer, songwriter, and musician. She was primarily raised in Doylestown, Pennsylvania. She has been performing her own material under variations of the name Weyes Blood since 2003.

Her music has undergone significant changes throughout her career. She has been involved in the underground noise music scene and was briefly bassist of the Portland, Oregon-based group Jackie-O Motherfucker and was the singer for the band Satanized. As Weyes Bluhd she made three self-released albums, changing to Weyes Blood to release The Outside Room (2011) on micro-label Not Not Fun Records. She then signed a recording contract with independent label Mexican Summer, releasing The Innocents (2014) and Front Row Seat to Earth (2016). She released her fourth studio album, Titanic Rising (2019) on Sub Pop, to critical acclaim. Her fifth studio album, And in the Darkness, Hearts Aglow, was released on Sub Pop on November 18, 2022.

Life and career

1988–2002: Early life
Natalie Laura Mering was born on June 11, 1988, in Santa Monica, California, into a deeply religious born again Pentecostal Christian family. Commenting on her upbringing, Mering said: "I was raised in a real spiritual, Bible Belt household. So I developed my own cynicism because there are always things in the Bible that really bum me out.... I became really obsessed with the Kids in the Hall as a kid, and they had Scott Thompson, who's like the one gay member. I remember having this feeling that 'Oh, Scott Thompson isn't going to heaven? How could that be?' That was my first big tipoff that something wasn't quite right with dogmatic Christianity. And then I was just trying to undo it at the age of 12."

Mering's family moved several times throughout her childhood; she spent her early life in Scotts Valley, California before they settled in Doylestown, Pennsylvania in 1999, where she attended high school. Both her older brothers and parents are musicians and music played an important part in her upbringing. Her father, Sumner Mering, is a musician and guitarist who was in the Los Angeles new wave band Sumner in the late 1970s.

2003–2014: Career beginnings and The Innocents

At the age of 15, Mering began using the moniker Wise Blood (a reference to the 1952 Flannery O'Connor novel) to write songs. She changed to Weyes Bluhd on several self-released records before changing the spelling to Weyes Blood. After finishing high school, Mering relocated to Portland, Oregon to attend Lewis & Clark College, where she majored in music and had a radio show on the campus radio station. However, Mering dropped out after her first year of studies. She subsequently began touring the underground music scene, performing as a bassist in the Portland-based band Jackie-O Motherfucker and playing keyboards and singing with noise rock band Satanized.

In 2011, she released her debut studio album The Outside Room as Weyes Blood and the Dark Juices on Not Not Fun Records. Uncut magazine described the album as ''devotional and ethereal, but with an edge", while Beatbots found it "an impressive and ambitious album". Mering released her second studio album in October 2014 called The Innocents, which was released through Mexican Summer. It was recorded in rural Pennsylvania, Mering's apartment and Gary's Electric Studio in Greenpoint, Brooklyn. It included contributions by Jacob Brunner (drums) and James Strong (bass). Mering described the theme of the album as being "about my first real relationship that went really awry."

2014–2021: Front Row Seat to Earth and Titanic Rising
After the album's release, Mering relocated from New York to Los Angeles, California. She commented: "I was in New York alone: no friends, no money, no record deal at the time. Literally I had nothing." In 2016, she released her third studio album Front Row Seat to Earth, on Mexican Summer to critical acclaim, and toured throughout Europe and the States. NPR wrote that the album reexamines "intimacy and idealism in ways that showcase Mering's gift for measuring and mediating heady emotions." Mering stated the songs on the album were largely inspired by the isolation she felt while living in New York.

On February 12, 2019, a new studio album titled Titanic Rising was announced and available to pre-order on her website, along with dates of her upcoming tour. The album was released by Sub Pop on April 5, 2019 to critical acclaim. Mering describes Titanic Rising as "The Kinks meet WWII or Bob Seger meets Enya." Other influences include Kate Bush and Karen Carpenter of the Carpenters. Titanic Rising is described as a record about romantic disappointment, damaged reality, and finding hope.

The record received high placements on year-end and decade-end lists from publications such as Pitchfork, Uproxx, Paste, Uncut, Dazed, The Guardian, and NPR. On July 16, 2019, she had her TV debut on Late Night with Seth Meyers, where she performed her single "Everyday" from Titanic Rising. Live performance highlights include sold-out tours in the US and Europe, as well as opening for Kacey Musgraves in the fall of 2019 and singing with Lana Del Rey at the Hollywood Bowl.

Mering was heavily involved in the 2020 Tim Heidecker concept album Fear of Death, singing on all twelve tracks, co-writing two and receiving a co-producer credit. She received wider attention when she featured (along with Zella Day) on the closing track of the 2021 Lana Del Rey studio album Chemtrails over the Country Club, a cover of the Joni Mitchell song "For Free".

On October 29, 2020, she helped canvass for the Democratic Socialists of America.

2022–present: And in the Darkness, Hearts Aglow
On September 12, 2022, Mering announced her fifth studio album And in the Darkness, Hearts Aglow would be released on November 18, 2022, and released its lead single "It's Not Just Me, It's Everybody" the same day. In promotion of the album she will embark on the In Holy Flux Tour across North America and Europe in 2023. The second single, "Grapevine", followed on October 11, 2022. Upon its release, the album received critical acclaim, aggregating a weighted average score of 88 on Metacritic based on 24 critic reviews.

Musical style and influences
Mering's musical style has been labelled as chamber pop, psychedelic folk, soft rock, noise and experimental rock.

Mering has stated that church music, which figured prominently in her upbringing, has been an influence on her songwriting. "Most of the great classical music and early music of our time is written for God in a sacred space," she said. "So sacred music and sacred space music — that was my favorite thing about music. Not so much content-wise. Not so much the theory and concept of God, but just the idea that we've built this gigantic, stone cathedral palace for people to sing in...When I record, I think about sacred space and I think about what would be the sound of your soul if there is music coming out of it. It would probably be an echoey, strange chamber." In an interview with Nardwuar in 2019 she revealed that she is also influenced by the Velvet Underground, Wolf Eyes, and experimental artist Inca Ore. Mering states in the same interview that early in her career while making experimental music, people likened her songs to horror film soundtracks, so she began to listen to and be influenced by film soundtracks such as Jaws (1975) and The Wizard of Oz (1939).

Mering is also highly influenced by the late singer-songwriter Harry Nilsson, in both singing style and songwriting.

Discography

Studio albums

Extended plays

Singles

Music videos

Guest appearances

Awards and nominations

Notes

References

External links

 Official website

 Weyes Blood at Bandcamp

 Weyes Blood on YouTube

1988 births
American contraltos
Living people
Lewis & Clark College alumni
Mexican Summer artists
Musicians from the San Francisco Bay Area
Musicians from Santa Monica, California
Musicians from Portland, Oregon
People from Doylestown, Pennsylvania
Singers from Los Angeles
Singers from Oregon
Singers from Pennsylvania
21st-century American women
Feminist musicians
Jackie-O Motherfucker members

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Dr. Oz is perhaps America's most famous doctor, and yet, he shills a load of anti-science B.S.
If I were a member of the United States Senate, there are a number of people whose opinions I would not solicit about how to handle various pressing problems. I wouldn't ask Donald Sterling for tips on improving race relations. Rick Perry wouldn't be my first call when seeking information about combatting LGBT intolerance. And of course, I'd know better than to ask Jenny McCarthy for the facts about vaccines.
When contemplating how to solve a problem, seeking counsel from people who are making the problem worse doesn't make a lot of sense. So why is Senator Claire McCaskill inviting Dr. Mehmet Oz to testify about weight-loss diet scams? Is she looking for tips in how to sell them?
According to a statement from Sen. McCaskill's office, the cardiologist and Oprah Winfrey protégé will testify this coming Tuesday about sham obesity remedies, specifically green coffee. It seems that shortly after the product was featured on his show, a purveyor of this miracle weight-loss treatment started hawking it at $50 for a one-month supply. I suspect Dr. Oz will express shock (shock!) that some bad actor out there would abuse people's trust, and the Senator will bask in the attention his celebrity brings to CSPAN.
Except, of course, that green coffee is totally worthless as a weight loss supplement in the first place.
Dr. Oz's involvement with sham obesity treatments isn't just limited to green coffee. He is also quite happy to shill for garcinia cambogia, which he calls the "newest, fastest fat-buster." Never mind that no studies have shown a weight-loss benefit after 12 weeks of taking it, and several studies have demonstrated no such benefit at all. The only thing that seems supported by reliable evidence is that it probably won't hurt you, which I guess is reason enough for Dr. Oz to fall all over himself promoting it.
The unmitigated claptrap that Dr. Oz promotes doesn't stop at weight-loss treatments, either. He'll help you choose "the right cleanse for your body type." (Correct answer: none of them.) He'll give you tips about creating a homeopathy starter kit, despite homeopathy being a preposterous pile of pseudoscientific malarkey. He's featured Dr. Joseph Mercola, a man who (among other things) urges parents to skip the vitamin K shot that will prevent a potentially devastating bleeding disorder in their infants.
As a physician, Dr. Oz's credentials are truly impressive. He is the vice-chairman of surgery at one of the nation's top medical schools, after all. But somewhere along the way he decided that his fame was more important than his credibility, as demonstrated by his willingness to promote treatments that fail to withstand even the barest scientific scrutiny.
Even so, if Sen. McCaskill were inviting him to offer testimony about innovative surgical treatments, I'd have nothing to say about it. But she's not. She's asking him to speak about a problem to which he has repeatedly contributed. Unless Sen. McCaskill is drawing the spotlight in order to ask Dr. Oz why he is selling worthless goods to his viewers, the spotlight itself must be the only point in asking him to show up at all.


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Volvo Localization Begins With The XC90 Expect Price Drop and More Modes To Follow In India
Car NewsVolvo
By Mohit Soni Last updated May 20, 2017 0
Volvo Localization Begins With The XC90, more models will follow soon as they are launched
Volvo Cars, the premium carmaker, announced today that it will start vehicle assembly operations in India in 2017. This positions the company for further growth in the fast-expanding premium car segment in India. The assembly operations will be located near Bangalore in southern India and focus on models based on Volvo's SPA modular vehicle architecture. The first Volvo model to be assembled there is going to be the XC90 premium SUV. Additional models slated for local assembly will be announced at a later stage. We expect the S90 and XC60 and S60 to follow the suite.
Volvo is establishing its assembly operations, Volvo Cars is working together with Volvo Group India – the truck, bus, construction equipment and Penta engines manufacturer. Volvo cars will make use of Volvo Group India's existing infrastructure and production licenses near Bengaluru. No further contract and financial details will be disclosed by Volvo on this now. Starting vehicle assembly in India is an important step for Volvo Cars as aim to grow our sales in this fast-growing market and doubling the market share in the luxury segment in coming years is of high importance for Volvo in this highly competitive market.
Backed by a robust sales growth, expanding network and an array of new product launches the local assembly will give a sizeable segment share in the medium to long-term. Each locally assembled Volvo Car will have same International standards as anywhere else in the world. With the continued efforts Volvo will make sure they get a large chunk of their cars and cash on the same. Volvo's decision to start assembly in India and market its vehicles as 'Made in India' fits well with a similarly named initiative launched by the national government, which seeks to highlight and promote Indian manufacturing prowess.
While the Indian luxury market is still relatively small for now, it is forecast to grow rapidly in coming years is confirmed. Volvo currently has a premium segment share of close to 5 per cent and aims to double the same in three years, which is by 2020. Volvo Cars in India have 32% growth in sales volumes in the past 2 years and the 2017 trend is as per the plan to achieve 2000 cars, this will give Volvo a growth of 25% year-on-year. Volvo has some serious and potent products coming up to disrupt its ideal competitor Jaguar Land Rover and Audi.
LocalizationVolvo
Mohit Soni
NOT A Commander, Director, Editor-In-This/ That, CEO, MD, President, Entrepreneur, etc etc. Just a first employee at Thrust Zone with a team of enthusiasts who love car and motorcycles more than anything else in the world, just like I do. Hashtag blessed
GM India Quits! After 20 Years Couldn't Grab Market Share Or Gain Profits – Exports and Customer Support To Continue
Volvo XC40 Spied Testing in UK For The First Time – Audi Q3 and GLA Slayer
Hyundai Kona Electric Enters Guinness World Records – Know How!
Audi Approved Plus Karnal Showroom Goes Live
Audi adopts Overspray-free painting in series production
2021 New Toyota Fortuner Facelift Spied Testing For The First Time


text:
Patronyme

(Classement par ordre alphabétique du prénom)
 Eugène Stuber, (1887-1959), acteur français ;
 Georges Stuber, (1925-2006), joueur de football suisse ;
 Jean Georges Stuber, (1722-1797), pasteur alsacien ;
 Nicola Stuber, météorologue britannique ;
 Nikolaus Gottfried Stuber (1688-1749), peintre allemand ;
 Werner Stuber (1900-1957), cavalier suisse de saut d'obstacles.

Enseignement
 L'Alphabet Méthodique de Jean Georges Stuber, est un outil d'apprentissage de la lecture et de la langue française, fondé sur l'acculturation.

Cinéma
 Stuber, est un film américain sorti en 2019

Homonymie de patronyme germanique


Fuchs bracelet from The Mechanists.
The Fuch rims, famous for having equipped the most beautiful Porsche, inspired this elegant bracelet!
The Mechanists bracelets are handmade in the UK.
Fuchs Bracelet - The Mechanists: The Porsche legend on your wrist!
The Fuchs bracelet from the English workshop The Mechanists is inspired by the famous Fuchs rim that equipped some of the most beautiful Porsche models. This sterling silver bracelet is limited to 911 pieces (of course!). You will find it in different colours: English green, green, yellow, blue, royal blue, metallic black, orange and red. An elegant accessory loaded with automotive passion! Porsche lovers should love this 911 wink! Combine it with a Briston watch or a pair of Stradale gloves and you will have the perfect gentleman driver's outfit.
- Year of production: 2018.
- Limited to 911 copies.


text:
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Tekiner H
Karamanou M
Article in PDF (835 KB)
Menahem Hodara a...
Reception of Hod...
Subsequent Devel...
The forgotten hair transplantation experiment (1897) of Dr. Menahem Hodara (1869 − 1926)
Halil Tekiner1, Marianna Karamanou2
1 Department of Medical History and Ethics, The Gevher Nesibe Institute of the History of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
2 Department of Community Medicine and Health, The University Institute of the History of Medicine and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Date of Web Publication 6-Apr-2016
Dr. Halil Tekiner
Department of Medical History and Ethics, The Gevher Nesibe Institute of the History of Medicine, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri
Tekiner H, Karamanou M. The forgotten hair transplantation experiment (1897) of Dr. Menahem Hodara (1869 − 1926). Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2016;82:352-5
Tekiner H, Karamanou M. The forgotten hair transplantation experiment (1897) of Dr. Menahem Hodara (1869 − 1926). Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol [serial online] 2016 [cited 2020 Jan 17];82:352-5. Available from: http://www.ijdvl.com/text.asp?2016/82/3/352/179089
Menahem Hodara (1869 − 1926) was an Ottoman dermatologist, acclaimed internationally for a number of contributions to the specialty in a career spanning 36 years. Some of his notable acheivements include identifying the bacilli responsible for the formation of comedones in acne and describing a type of trichorrhexis nodosa for the first time, which later came to be known as Hodara's disease. He also developed a novel form of glycerine jelly that melted at a lower temperature which helped to make its use less painful in patients with dermatoses.[1] However, none of his contributions to dermatology became as popular in his time as his hair transplantation experiment in 1897 which fell into oblivion after his death. Considering the long-neglected gap in medical history, this paper aims to present a detailed account of Hodara's experiment and its early reception in the field of dermatology.
Menahem Hodara and His Hair Transplantation Experiment of 1897
Menahem Hodara was born in 1869 in Istanbul, Turkey, to a modest Ottoman-Sephardic family. Following his graduation from the Imperial Military Medical School in 1890 as a lieutenant, Hodara was appointed in the Central Marine Hospital in Istanbul. Between 1893 and 1896, he studied at the Unna Clinic in Hamburgand became the first Ottoman dermatologist to specialize in dermatopathology. After his return to Istanbul in 1896, Hodara resumed his work at the Central Marine Hospital. He was appointed as a physician to the court pharmacy in 1905. Following his retirement from state employment in 1908, he launched his private practice in the district of Péra (modern day Beyoglu) in Istanbul [Figure 1]. In 1919, Hodara et al. established the Society for Dermatology and Venereology of Turkey and he was elected its first president. His health gradually deteriorated in the 1920s and he finally passed away on July 9, 1926.[1]
Figure 1: Dr. Menahem Hodara in the early 1910s (Courtesy of the Hodara Family)
During his tenure as a dermatologist at the Central Marine Hospital, Hodara conducted a hair transplantation experiment in 1897. Favus is a fungal infection of the scalp that was once quite common in the Middle East and Africa, leading to scarring alopecia. Hodara implanted hair taken from the unaffected areas of the scalp on to the scars that were left bald by favus. He first presented his findings in a session of the Imperial Society of Medicine in Istanbul held on March 26, 1897. He shared his subsequent findings in two other sessions on October 22, 1897 and March 25, 1898. Later, this communication was also published in German and French [Figure 2].[2],[3]
Figure 2: Hodara's article on his hair transplantation experiment was published in Monthly Journal of Practical Dermatology in 1898 (Courtesy of the Countway Library of Medicine, Boston)
According to the article which was titled "On the growth of hair in favus scars after scarification and implanting of portions of the hair," Hodara cut hair from the head of young patients and trimmed these hair with scissors on both ends into lengths rangingfrom 1 to 4 mm. He also made several shallow incisions on the scars that were close together and crossing each other. After clearing the area properly until bleeding completely ceased, he steeply planted the hair fragments into the incisions. The areas were covered with a paper and then a sort of plaster. After 4 weeks, he removed the dressing and observed that although most of the implanted hairs came away with it, enough still remained to form the basis of a growth adequate to cover a large patch. After 3–4 months, some of the remaining hair became pigmented and robust, while the rest were rather thin and colorless.[2]
Later, Hodara performed microscopic examinations of these implanted hairs and noticed that they were normal in shape with new bulbs formed at the base of each. He repeated this experiment several times with other patients, each time observing that a few hair took root and grew. He finally concluded that his technique might be considered a promising commencement, despite being at a very early stage, he admitted, of a future hair transplantation practice but that it should be improved with new methods and instruments, allowing more regular and deeper incisions on the scars.[3]
Reception of Hodara's Experiment
Soon after its publication, Hodara's experiment received massive attention from the international press media [Figure 3].[4],[5],[6],[7],[8] Being conscious of the topic's great popularity, some of these reports even bore very assertive titles, such as "Baldness conquered at last" and "No more bald heads."[9],[10] Interestingly enough, Hodara's experiment received very little attention in the dermatology literature and was not discussed in detail for a long time, with a few exceptions.[11],[12] In 1906, Kapp wrote that he saw no positive success with the method described by Hodara.[13] At the 11th Congress of the German Society of Dermatology that was held in March 1914 in Vienna, Havas criticized Hodara's method of hair implantation, claiming that Hodara's method was inaccurate and that the hair taking root was merely a fantasy. Havas also repeated his opposition to Hodara's experiment in his article published in Archiv für Dermatologie und Syphilisin the same year.[14]
Figure 3: An imaginative cartoon of Dr. Hodara as a hairdresser was published in Musée des Familles in 1899 (Courtesy of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris)
Hodara answered this critique in a letter published in Dermatologische Wochenschrift. He insisted on the accuracy of his results stating that he had satisfying histological results and that he believed his findings would be confirmed by another researcher in the future.[15] At the end of Hodara's letter, Unna, the editor of the journal, also commented on this issue by stating that 16 years earlier he had also tested the excision material of Hodara and found his data to be absolutely correct. Unna also pointed out that Hodara's positive results should stimulate research on implanting hair, on the broad base of animal experiments.[16] Inthe same year, Krusius referred to Hodara's study in his article about the implantation of live hair to create eyelashes.[17]
Subsequent Developments in Hair Transplantation Surgery
During the decades following Hodara's experiment, several distinguished dermatologists, including Schweninger, Kromayer, Székely, and Kapp, published articles on scalp hair grafting, demonstrating that success occurred only when a restricted number of hair in a small area was considered.[18]
The 1930s marked the true beginning of hair replacement surgery with great achievements accomplished mainly by the Japanese School of Dermatology: Sasagawa proposed a novel method for insertion of hair roots (1930), Passot succeeded in moving hair from a viable hair-bearing part of the scalp to a bald area (1931) and Okuda used cylindrical punches of hair from a donor site (1939).[19],[20],[21] Moreover, Fujita succeeded in grafting scalp fragments on the eyelid regions of lepers in 1953.[19]
The hair transplantation technique of modern days, however, was developed in the early 1950s by Orentreich. He developed the concept of "donor dominance" to explain the ability of the transplanted hair to retain the same characteristics of the hair from where it was taken.[22],[23] Punch grafts or "plugs," were introduced in the 1970s with unsatisfactory cosmetic results. At the International Congress of Plastic Surgeons in 1975, Juri presented a flap procedure that bears his name. In Juri's procedure, two long flaps of hair-bearing scalp were used to cover bald regions.[24],[25] The following decades have also seen considerable progress in hair transplantation and some new techniques have been developed, such as the "follicular unit transplanting" that was introduced in the 1990s by Limmer. This technique still remains popular as a truly natural look has been made possible, thanks to individually transplanted hair follicles.[22],[23]
Dr. Menahem Hodara's experiment of 1897 might be considered as one of the initial premises for hair transplantation – at least in a theoretical sense – which places him among the pioneers of hair transplantation and one of the outstanding figures in the history of dermatology.
The authors thank Messrs Mario and Sami Hodara, grandsons of the late Dr. Menahem Hodara, for their courtesy in granting access to the Hodara family archive.
Tekiner H. Dr. Menahem Hodara (1869-1926) and his contributions to dermatology. Int J Dermatol 2016;55:114-6.
Hodara M. [On the growth of hair in favus scars after scarification and implanting of portions of the hair]. Monatsh Prakt Dermatol 1898;27:53-64.
Hodara M. [The growth of hair in favus scars after scarifications and implanting of portions of the hair]. Paris: Imprimerie Daix Frères; 1899.
Anonymous. [The cultivation of hair]. La Croix Supplément; 30 January, 1899. p. 1.
D'Araujo O. [Hair planting]. Sci Française 1899;9:14-5.
Anonymous. [A work of patience against baldness]. J Chartres; 27 January, 1899. p. 8.
Anonymous. Hair planting. The Newcastle Courant; 21 October, 1899. p. 2.
Anonymous. Bald spots ploughed and sown. The Evening Post; 4 May, 1900. p. 6.
Anonymous. Baldness conquered at last. Science Siftings; 11 March, 1899. p. 1.
Anonymous. No more bald heads. The Washington Bee; 8 July, 1899. p. 2.
Anonymous. The operative treatment of baldness. BMJ 1899;1:492-3.
Chatelain E, Méheux F. [Precise Iconographic Skin Diseases]. Paris: A. Maloine; 1905.
Kapp J. [A new method of hair transplantation]. Monatsh Prakt Dermatol 1906;43:169-71.
Havas A. [On hair transplantation]. Arch Derm Syph 1914;119:154-7.
Hodara M. [On Havas's critism of my study: On the growth of hair in favus scars after scarification and implanting of portions of the hair]. Dermatol Wochenschr 1914;59:84-6.
Unna PG. [Editor's afterword]. Dermatol Wochenschr 1914;59:86.
Krusius FF. [On the implantation of living hairs to form eyelashes]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1914;40:958.
Segrave K. Baldness: A Social History. North Carolina: McFarland & Company; 1996.
Bouhanna P, Dardour JC. Hair Replacement Surgery: Textbook and Atlas. New York: Springer; 1996.
Stough DB, Haber RS. Hair Replacement: Surgical and Medical. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book; 1996.
Leavitt ML. Follicle facts. In: Haber RS, Stough DB, editors. Hair Transplantation. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2006. p. 187-90.
Kuntzman G. Hair: Mankind's Historic Quest to End Baldness. New York: Random House; 2001.
Unger WP. The history of hair transplantation. Dermatol Surg 2000;26:181-9.
Mayer TG, Fleming RW. Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Scalp. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book; 1992.
Vallis CP. Hair Transplantation for the Treatment of Male Pattern Baldness. Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publications; 1982.
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Gonzo Review: Hunter, 1972 and Today
By Jeralyn, Section Media
Posted on Sat Jul 05, 2008 at 07:37:00 AM EST
Tags: Hunter S. Thompson, Gonzo Journalist (all tags)
I watched Gonzo yesterday -- twice. (Make that three times, once to be able to write this post.) Details of the film about Hunter S. Thompson that opened nationally on July 4th are in my earlier post here.
The first time I watched it on a personal level. The second time I watched it for some political and historical comparisons to today. My thoughts on both are below. [More...]
As a prelude, the film opens with Hunter writing on the morning of 9/11 about the planes going into the Twin towers. Johnny Depp reads it aloud -- really classic Hunter. The film then moves to the mid to late-60's, Chicago '68, Hubert Humphrey. You can read any number of film reviews for those sections and for details on those interviewed in the movie, from Tom Wolfe, Jann Wenner, Jimmy Buffett, Pat Robertson, Gary Hart and Jimmy Carter to Hunter's ex-wife Sandy, son Juan, my favorite Sheriff, Bob Braudis and of course, his second wife and my good friend, Anita. (Also see the New York Times review.)
After that, we get to the 1972 campaign, with George McGovern running on a platform of immediate withdrawal from Vietnam. He was for amnesty for draft dodgers, a cut in the defense budget, he was pro-choice and pro-women's rights. (Hunter covered the campaign for Rolling Stone from Dec. 1971, writing in campaign diary style.)[More...]
McGovern says in the film he's sick of the old men in Washington sitting around air-conditioned rooms and dreaming up wars our young kids can die in.
Hunter hated Hubert Humprhey and Ed Muskie, in large part for supporting Mayor Daley in Chicago during and following the 1968 convention. Chicago galvanized Hunter. He called Humphrey a "treacherous, gutless old war hero." He blasted Nixon continuously from his "barbie doll wife" and children to his being "a cheap crook and mercilous war criminal" who "slithered into the White House." He was "so crooked he needed servants to screw on his pants in the morning."
Hunter focused his rage on Muskie, who was competing with Humphrey and McGovern for the nomination. He even made stuff up about him. Like a rumor about Muskie's being treated with a strange Brazilian drug called Ibogaine. Amazingly, Rolling Stone published it. The rumor began to spread, and Hunter started writing that all Muskie's strange behaviors were the result of his being treated with Ibogaine. Pretty funny stuff. Then Hunter said he made the rumor up, pointing out he never said it was true, only that it was a rumor and would explain his behavior..
Others interviewed in the film say Hunter initially didn't think McGovern could win, he was just along for the ride. And then, McGovern picked up steam. He realized McGovern might have a chance.
But McGovern became mainstream, going from Rolling Stone to the cover of Time and Newsweek. He got the 1972 Democratic nomination in Miami.
McGovern seemed to be a lock, for a week or so, until July 13 when he started to stumble. The biggest thing that went wrong: His choice of Thomas Eagleton for the vice presidency. Eagleton, it turned out, had been hospitalized for depression and treated with electroshock therapy.
Eagleton was the peace offering to the establishment that Muskie or Humphrey would have chosen. Hunter turned on McGovern, calling him a compromiser and a sell-out.
Finally, Eagleton stepped aside. It made McGovern look like a waffler. The campaign never recovered. McGovern complains that the press over-focused on his mishandling of Eagleton rather than the issues of the day like the war and Watergate.
In the film, McGovern gives a rather lame excuse for choosing and sticking by Eagleton. Gary Hart has a better explanation, but in essence, it's that politics is about compromise and it's unrealistic to expect anything else.
Hunter lost his appetite for writing about the election. He wrote that on election day, he'd get out of bed and go to the poling place and vote for McGovern but then he'd go right back home and go to bed and watch tv.
And of course, Nixon won by a landslide. According to reporter Tim Crouse, Hunter went from mockery to rage and then despair. Crouse also makes the point that in many ways, the nightmare we are in today with Bush is the same as the nightmare we were in back then.
Hunter later said it was a tragedy that McGovern lost because he really understood what this country could have been.
That's the end of any political comparisons I see between then and now. My point: I think Hunter would jump on a candidate who moved to the center after campaigning on leftist platforms and exciting unprecedented numbers of young voters to become engaged in politics.
Anita has a good post today on Hunter and the Politics of "We" -- she'll also have an article on this at Huffington Post later tonight or tomorrow.
The film portrays Hunter as then becoming disillusioned with politics. But he was blown away by a speech Carter gave to lawyers and judges on law day in May, 1974. The speech was about the defects in our judicial system. Carter quoted Bob Dylan "I ain't going to work on Maggie's farm no more." He criticized the lawyers for blocking an ethics bill. He blasted them and the bar association for their treatment of Martin Luther King, Jr.
Hunter said the speech changed his life. He wrote a cover story for Rolling Stone endorsing Carter. He went around the country supporting Carter, playing the speech.
Oddly, the film drops the subject here and switches gears to complaints by Hunter's ex-wife and a few others about Hunter's drug use and how a trip to Africa to cover the Ali-Forman fight started a decline that they claim lasted the rest of his life. (As Anita points out Hunter wrote more in the last five years of his life than he did the 15 years before that. His ESPN columns Hey Rube were terrific writing. He also published his second volume of letters and another book, Kingdom of Fear.)
One fun section of the movie is Hunter's run for Sheriff in Aspen. The film is worth seeing for that section alone. His platform was land use (anti-development)and drug reform. Drugs should be free and those who sold it for money should be publicly shamed on the courthouse lawn.
My favorite single shot in the movie: Keith Richards entering Hunter's kitchen with a hat, black and white scarf and huge smile. I'm not sure I'll ever be able to stand in Hunter's kitchen again without thinking of that shot. If I can find a screen shot, I'll post it.
Minor complaints with the film: Too much of Hunter's ex-wife Sandy and not enough Anita or Juan for my taste. It makes sense on one level since the film concentrates on the 60's to 80's when Sandy was married to him, but she makes a lot of criticisms about the final years of Hunter's life when she wasn't around him and Anita disagrees strongly with her assessment.
Hunter's ex wife is wrong, wrong, wrong, on this. John Nichols from the Nation (who wasn't too lazy to research Hunter's later work) has already said that some of Hunter's most astute political writing is tucked away in his sports writing after 2000. Most of you already know, if you had paid attention, that Hunter wrote more in the last 5 years of his life than he had in the previous 15 combined.
....Some journalists will never accept the fact that Hunter GOT AWAY WITH IT. He wrote what he wanted and when he wanted for his entire career and never sold out an ounce of his soul. He had fun, he moved mountains, and surrounded himself with those that loved him. He was sexy (even for the short time he was in a wheelchair!), smart and productive all the way to the end. Those of you reviewers and "friends", ex girlfriends, and jealous ex editors who can't accept the beauty that was Hunter, it's time you step aside.
Also the sound track is pretty lame. There are plenty of better '60s hits they could have used. Although ending the film with Warren Zevon's "Send Lawyers, Guns and Money" brought a big smile to my face, remembering how much Hunter loved criminal defense lawyers.
Bottom line: I liked the parts of the film about Hunter's writing and politics, the photography and videos and the historical perspective. I didn't like the portrayal of Hunter as a has-been or failure at the end of his life and I don't think it's accurate. It doesn't match my recollection of him during his last two years (the only years I knew him) nor does Anita, who knew him best during the last five years of his life, agree.
My recommendation: By all means, see the film. But then read or re-read Hunter's writings. They remain both brilliant and a great read.
< Sen. Church v. Sen. Obama | On Flip Flops And Contrast >
Gonzo Review: Hunter, 1972 and Today | 9 comments (9 topical)
Looking for change all over again (5.00 / 3) (#1)
by Prabhata on Sat Jul 05, 2008 at 12:59:39 AM EST
Although there are similarities between those who support Obama and those who supported McGovern, there are also many deep differences. The main is that McGovern was a better candidate than Obama. McGovern went down in flames but he maintained his positions, unlike Obama, who is all over the place and has no respectable experience. Maybe that's why Obama does so very poorly with my generation.
http://politicalwire.com/archives/2008/06/20/baby_boomers_could_be_key_swing_vote.html
He sure hasn't reached out to us (5.00 / 2) (#3)
by Jeralyn on Sat Jul 05, 2008 at 01:11:37 AM EST
with remarks like these:
One of the saddest episodes in our history was the degree to which returning vets from Vietnam were shunned, demonized and neglected by some because they served in an unpopular war. Too many of those who opposed the war in Vietnam chose to blame not only the leaders who ordered the mission, but the young men who simply answered their country's call. Four decades later, the sting of that injustice is a wound that has never fully healed, and one that should never be repeated.
As Politico said:
Not only is Obama underlining his generational distance from the boomers, but he's also reaching out to swing voters with a back of the hand at the cultural left.
But, he's better than McCain. So maybe like Hunter, we'll vote and then go home and go to bed and watch tv.
Please repost your comment without the overly long link. If you can't figure out how to link, use tinyurl.com. Thanks.
How long does the left tolerate (5.00 / 2) (#4)
by zfran on Sat Jul 05, 2008 at 01:18:34 AM EST
his movement to the center and beyond to lure and pander for that vote. If a candidate knows he has your votes, no matter what, he doesn't change. Someone posted that they will hold their nose and vote Obama. Aren't we all tired of this? How far does Obama go where ya say, can't vote for him anymore.
At first when (none / 0) (#11)
by Jgarza on Sat Jul 05, 2008 at 08:18:04 AM EST
I read this I was confused, about who "us." After I reread I figured it out.
I think this is a legitimate criticism. His message of change in the Dem party was aimed toward boomer age liberals.
I understand why some of his lines of attacks have been offensive.
But also, imo, based on ignorance of the 60s (5.00 / 0) (#12)
by BackFromOhio on Sat Jul 05, 2008 at 01:32:42 PM EST
What part of the 1960s civil rights and
anti-Communist wars bolstering petty dictators
does Obama reject? That historically it took some real conflict to achieve goals now taken for granted? Some strong partisan stands to say that people of all races should have the right to ride at the front of a bus, sit wherever at lunch counters and vote?
His 'Hey Rube' (none / 0) (#9)
by Jackson Hunter on Sat Jul 05, 2008 at 06:59:49 AM EST
columns were really under appreciated. I remember reading him on 9/11 in my office and thinking "Yep, nailed it again." I think people confused his physical breakdown and sometimes broken speech for a breakdown of his mind, which is a common mistake.
Why would the Director trash the guy by giving his Ex-wife (yeah, no grudges there, eh?) so much time unless it somehow reflected on his writing? Just more paparazzi Bull Spit I suppose. And it makes no Marketing sense, it is really only his true devotees who are going to seek out this movie, so I just don't get it. The guy is going out of the way to offend his base...wait a minute...(places tinfoil sleuthing cap on tightly)...this sounds like someone I have heard of. Just where was Sen. Obama when this film was being made? (He certainly wasn't in the Senate.) Was this put out by WORM Productions? The Nation needs to know! /snark
I still want to see it though, thanks for the review Jeralyn.
Great post.... (none / 0) (#13)
by oldpro on Sat Jul 05, 2008 at 05:21:22 PM EST
Looking forward to the film thanks to the trailer and your comments.
I look back with 'fear and loathing' to '68 and '72...and that is in large part why I cannot do this again - face doing this again - with Obama driving the Democrats bus off the cliff.
In my book, he isn't fit to shine George McGovern's shoes...much less his combat boots...or Hunter Thompson's either...
Just sayin'....I'm with Hunter. PUMA
please do not shill for puma here (none / 0) (#14)
by Jeralyn on Sat Jul 05, 2008 at 09:07:26 PM EST
or your comments will be deleted. Your opinion is one thing, but using TL as an advocacy site or organizing ground for movements we do not endorse is not allowed. Thanks.
OK. Agreed. (none / 0) (#15)


An Open Letter to Salem Sue: Where's the Gift Shop?
An Open Letter to Salem Sue: Where's the Gift Shop?
Anyone who knows me well, knows that I love Salem Sue. It is without a doubt my favorite spot in the Bismarck-Mandan vicinity.
In fact, when my parents came to visit me last summer, on our way out to Medora, I made sure to make a pit stop at Salem Sue. My parents weren't so impressed. But what do they know?
Sunset at Salem Sue is really the best part of the whole thing. I posted some pictures for your pleasure last July. I have many more than that though because I was at Salem Sue at least once a week during the summer. I will be making plenty of return trips this summer.
There's just one thing Salem Sue is missing. It needs a gift shop. I want a tiny Salem Sue figurine. I want a Salem Sue snow globe. I want a Salem Sue t-shirt. I want a children's book telling me about the adventures of Salem Sue. There should be Salem Sue coloring books and mugs. I want to sleep on Salem Sue sheets.
On your way to Salem Sue, there's a sign that says, "You'll love the view from Salem Sue." It only makes sense to sell t-shirts that say, "I loved the view from Salem Sue."
For those who don't know, Salem Sue was built in 1974 in honor of the dairy industry. And now more than ever, the dairy farmers in our area need help. In 2002, North Dakota had 350 dairy farms. Currently, there are only 86.
Part of the funds from the Salem Sue gift shop can be given to dairy farmers and put back into the declining dairy industry.
And I already have the perfect name for the Salem Sue gift shop: Salem SUEvenirs.
P.S. -- To all the people out there who deface Salem Sue and put graffiti on her... I hope you step on a lego.


The Patriots are returning to work after a bye week and quarterback Tom Brady said he spent the time off going through the first 10 games of the year.Brady said on WEEI that he watched "the entire season a couple of times" and found that "some weeks it has been easier than others" to move the ball and put points on the board. Brady didn't delve into the things he believes lead to those results Shaq Mason Color Rush Jersey , but he did make it clear that he thinks things go better when tight end Rob Gronkowski can play.Gronkowski has missed three of the last four games due to back and ankle injuries and there was a report on Sunday that he's on track to play against the Jets. Brady doesn't know if that's how things will play out, but knows he'd like to have him on the field."We'll see. I don't know. We鈥檒l see how it goes, we haven鈥檛 even practiced this week," Brady said.聽"I think he鈥檚 itching to get back. He鈥檚 a big difference-maker when he鈥檚 on the field. I hope he is out there, but we鈥檒l see. It is up to the trainers and coaches and up to Rob to see how he feels. We have practice this week LaAdrian Waddle Jersey , and we鈥檒l see what we can do."Gronkowski has not had 100 receiving yards or a touchdown since the first game of the season, but that clearly hasn't diminished Brady's view of what the tight end means to the team. We've seen this before haven't we? Those of us who remember the Patriots vs. Colts battles back in the day have seen this before. When I sit back and analyze the matchup between New England and the Kansas City Chiefs I'm brought back to that place in time. Why do I feel like this is a blast from the past? Let's discuss and I'll paint a picture.Quarterback playThe Chiefs have a highly touted quarterback who is rolling at the moment. While he's not a Peyton Manning by any means, he comes into this game with similar intangibles. Both are accurate throwers with Patrick Mahomes having a cannon for a arm. The biggest difference between the two at this stage is Mahomes has scrambling ability unlike Peyton who was a true pocket passer. Look for the Patriots defense to try and keep Mahomes in the pocket without letting him extend plays with his legs.Running back playEdgerrin James and Kareem Hunt both possess the ability to take over a game on the ground. When I think about it they have a similar set of skills. While it is a different league now than when James played, the headache is still there. The Patriots always handled James, something they weren't able to do last season with Hunt. The Patriots have to keep him in check for them to be successful in this game.Wide receiversWhere to begin with this one? The Colts brought in Marvin Harrison as their number one receiver. The Chiefs bring in Tyreek Hill who can flat out fly. I know you can't allow Hill to go off in this game. The absolute lethal speedster can cause havoc both as a wideout and a punt returner. Don't even kick it near him if you don't have to. The Patriots defense will need to be very aware of him at all times. I suppose you can say Sammy Watkins would be the Chiefs' equivalent of Reggie Wayne. I don't personally believe that James Develin Color Rush Jersey , but for this we can roll with it. The Kansas City wideout is a bit of a wildcard. They gotta be aware of him on the field, assuming he suits up. The Patriots defense will have their hands full this week just like they did back in the day with the Colts.I hope I connected the dots for everyone in my comparisons. We've seen this song and dance quite a few times haven't we? Let's hope like the other times the Pats get a win Sunday night.You can follow me on Twitter @Chris_Blackey and as always – Go, Pats!


Gomphurus modestus is a strikingly marked dragonfly that is very similar in size and appearance to the closely related G. dilatatus and G. lineatifrons. This elusive species is rather widely distributed throughout Mississippi, and it also occurs in a few streams in west and south Alabama. The habitat is most often medium to large, silty rivers (where it occasionally co-occurs with G. dilatatus); however, it also can be found at smaller, tannic, sandy streams, especially in the extreme southern parts of both states.


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It was that day in Tortuguero, Costa Rica — when, from our small flat-bottomed boat we saw spider and white-throated capuchin monkeys, three species of toucans, iridescent iguanas, "Jesus Christ" lizards that actually walk (or run) on water, Day-Glo butterflies with wingspans as wide as your head, several large caiman, and frogs and birds of every hue — that out of the mist suddenly I heard Jake.
I shivered. The hair on the back of my neck stood up, ancient horrors revived. Jake the Doberman had been my nemesis as a kid. Now I heard his growl, only louder and more werewolfian. Our guide, Ray Hooker, assured me that what I'd heard, then seen, were simply howler monkeys leaping from tree to tree high above us.
It's a jungle out there! Wet with rain and smelling faintly of sweet decay, we were privileged to be in this fecund country in which five percent of all known species of life on Earth occupy less than 0.003 percent of Earth's land area. The place is supremely beautiful. No wonder Costa Rica attracts some two million visitors a year, most of them drawn by ecotourism. Like so much of this country, the Costa Rican government fiercely protects Tortuguero Park.
Hooker, who has spent all his life in this remote area whispering its secrets to tourists like me, pointed to a small green heron that catches insects only to drop them into the black water as bait, fishing for bigger game. What a show-off!
Early that morning, as I explored the Caribbean beach behind our comfortable casita, I found tracks of a loggerhead turtle. Apparently, just hours before, she had fulfilled her destiny by returning to the place of her birth some 30 years earlier, struggling ashore to dig a hole in which to lay 100 or so eggs — one of which may be lucky enough to return here in another 30 years — continuing this 160-million-year cycle of life.
Such sightings are uncommon at this point in June, but from the middle of August until mid-September, I can almost guarantee that you will see this miracle unfold as the Atlantic green sea turtles return here each year. Even the rare Costa Rican jaguar is sometimes seen swimming across the river for a breakfast omelet.
Our Caravan Tour actually began two days before at the luxurious San Jose Palacio, an "all-inclusive" hotel where drinks, meals, tips and extra towels are all included. Since then, we had toured the capital city, visited the cloud-forest with its steam-belching mile-wide Poas Volcano crater (one of seven active in the country), seen the cascading waterfalls of Braulio Carrillo Park, taken a guided hike through yet another rainforest, and slipped through a forest canopy on an aerial tram.
There are 43 of us on this tour. Mostly professionals — doctors, engineers, some retirees — we're aged 15 to 82. All are interested in ecology, travel, and nature.
For my wife, Carolyn, and me, this is our first group tour. And I can tell you we weren't looking forward to getting herded from place to place.
But it wasn't like that. Our tour guide, Patricia Alfaro, surely one of the most knowledgeable in the world about all things Costa Rican, kept us moving, learning, and laughing without ever feeling "grouped." As it turned out, when I asked folks at the end of the tour what they liked best, most answered, "The fascinating new friends I made."
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Democrats, Media Panic Over Potential Howard Schultz Presidential Run
David Rutz - January 31, 2019 5:00 AM
Howard Schultz's announcement that he might run for president as a "centrist independent" in 2020 has been met with widespread disgust and anger by Democrats and media allies.
The former Starbucks CEO is an ex-Democrat who left the party over its lurch to the left, and Democrats are frothing at the mouth that the billionaire could split the anti-Trump vote in 2020 and send the 45th president back to the White House.
Anyone watching cable or network news could see the talking points were in: If Schultz runs, Trump wins.
Democrats like Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D., Fla.), Rep. Katie Hill (D., Calif.) and Julian Castro said his efforts would catapult Trump back into the White House, while CNN "conservative" commentator Ana Navarro said his running would help Trump and "maybe Putin."
"Majority Report" host Sam Seder said Schultz didn't "get to be king just because he's so rich," and liberal MSNBC analyst Karine Jean-Pierre said his actions were "very dangerous" and "we cannot allow this to happen." Center for American Progress president Neera Tanden tweeted she would boycott Starbucks and called Schultz's "vanity project" a "disgusting" thing that would destroy democracy.
Left-wing comedian Stephen Colbert said he'd had enough of billionaires running for president, telling them to find "new hobbies," and "The View" co-host Joy Behar said Schultz's decision would hand Trump reelection. "Community" actress Yvette Nicole Brown told Colbert that Schultz clearly didn't care about the country and said 2020 was not his time to run, telling him to do it in 2024 instead.
"Pod Save America" co-host and former Obama speechwriter Jon Favreau called Schultz's potential run a "f—king awful thing to do," and former Obama adviser David Axelrod simply called it a "gift" for Trump.
MSNBC anchors Ali Velshi and Stephanie Ruhle scolded Schultz over the idea by pointing out Michael Bloomberg had already realized an independent run for president was useless. Velshi accused Schultz of "hubris" similar to Trump's.
Those interviewing Schultz and his adviser Bill Burton over the past few days pressed them on the viability of his campaign and his motives—Erin Burnett at one point asked if he was running for the "right reasons."
"Morning Joe" co-host Willie Geist pointed out to Schultz "votes are so precious" in the middle, as we learned in the 2016 election, and "Morning Joe" panelist Mike Barnicle wryly told him that plenty of self-described independents tilt right or left. Co-host Mika Brzezinski attempted to gotcha him by asking what a box of Cheerios at the supermarket cost.
CNN's Poppy Harlow wondered why he would run with no party backing or infrastructure—again, Schultz had already said he would run as an independent.
This entry was posted in Politics and tagged 2020 Election, Ali Velshi, CNN, David Axelrod, Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Howard Schultz, MSNBC, Stephanie Ruhle, SUPERcuts. Bookmark the permalink.
David Rutz is senior writer at the Washington Free Beacon. He was previously a sports reporter for two years in Atlanta and has done freelance sports reporting for the Washington Post. He graduated from Vanderbilt University in 2010 and lives in Marietta, Ga. His Twitter handle is @DavidRutz. He can be reached at rutz@freebeacon.com.


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Harry Potter 7b Review
I think the worst decision in the film franchise is splitting up Deathly Hallows into two parts. I understand that it's meant to give time for the audience to 'feel' the desperation, loneliness, and helplessness of the main trio. What ended up happening is a bunch of close-up shots of the main characters delivering lines. Now, I don't think the acting is particularly bad. The problem is that all the characters, throughout the two movies, are extremely one-note. They're all just acting heroically defiant. The side characters are all heroically scared.
Part 1 was flawed because there was no real resolution. The movie just ended at a point that's not even really the climax. Some people excuse this because it is the first part of "Deathly Hallows", but that argument is bunk. A movie should be able to be viewed in isolation.
Anyway, 7B is much better than the first part mostly because stuff actually seems to happen in this film. Unfortunately, the stuff that happens fall under two categories.
1) Harry/Gang pleads with somebody or something to inspire them to help.
Example: Gringott goblin, Dumbledore's brother, Ravenclaw ghost
2) Harry is put on the right track by some coincidence/external force.
Example: Multiple horcrux visions… first leading him to the room, then more visions telling him exactly which object. Voldemort fucking off immediately after touching Snape, allowing Harry to get Snape's memories.
Harry and gang coincidentally running away in the same alley as Dumbledore's brother in Hogsmead.
Through the entire series, Harry has been told what to do and where to go. He's had this expectation since birth due to his history with Voldemort. Dumbledore has manipulated Harry for years, giving him cryptic hints of what to do. I don't think Harry's really made any important choice by himself. I would have loved to see Harry question his destiny at the end of the movie. He was prepared to sacrifice himself to save the world, but we never really saw him try to weasel out of it. Yeah, Harry Potter's just that good… but even Jesus had doubts about his crucifixion at Gethsemane.
Fun things:
I recall of couple of scenes where there was a clearly more important objective, but the trio decides to do some other stuff first like visiting the main hall and seeing the injured.
Where were the students running to/from after the hall scene? Harry was running to the Ravenclaw tower, and there were tons of kids running down it. In the previous scene, all the students were in the great hall!
I find it hilarious that wizards are battling/running entirely on foot. You have brooms. Probably a harder target to hit while in the air. They'd travel faster too.
After Snape jumps out of the window, but before the shield is put in place, there were establishing shots of dementers/ghosts/death eaters floating around the castle. Good job, guys. They didn't even try to help.
There was a deatheater who said something along the lines of "Maybe we should wait" to Voldemort regarding the attack on Hogwarts. That line was never explained at all and seems out of place. What would waiting to break down the shield possibly do? Voldemort should have killed him for being a dumbdumb.
I like that they never even bothered to explain what happened to Harry and why he didn't die in the Forbidden Forest. Oh? The elder wand refuses to kill him? Good thing it was dialed back enough to kill Voldemort's horcrux, but not enough to kill Harry.
Voldemort knows that the gang is destroying his horcruxes. He doesn't seem to really put any effort in protecting them with his guards. What he really should have done was send one of the objects into deep space. Good luck tracking that down, Harry.
After the movie ended, I asked a friend. "Did you like that?"
"I like that the series is over."
I am glad that the series is over. This movie is way more entertaining than Part 1, so there's that. It provides a conclusion with reasonable answers, but it is clear that certain things don't mesh correctly. (ie. Time-Turner from Book 3, kids teleporting everywhere, the whole disarming wands/new owner thing.) Pt2 is worth the time if you've already seen the other movies. Just sad that it didn't end on the best note.


Is there room for another competitor in this space? China-based Kaiyun Motors think so--and without the history and branding to bolster their product, they're betting they can compete on price. The Ford F-150, the bestselling vehicle in the U.S., has a broad pricepoint of roughly $30,000 to $70,000 dollars, depending on options and trim. Kaiyun's Pickman, in contrast, rings in at $8,950.
The Pickman isn't a full-size pickup, of course, and certainly can't replace one. The diminutive vehicles are electric, requiring some 10 hours of charge time, and top out at 28 miles per hour with a 75-mile range. They don't exude the "truck lifestyle" look that many buyers presumably purchase trucks to attain. But the Pickman can reportedly haul the 1,000 pounds required to earn the colloquial "half-ton pickup" designation, and Kaiyun reckons they'll be attractive to farmers for on-property use.
[Kaiyun founder Wang Chao] said his company shipped a small volume of Pickmans to the U.S. over the past year to test them out and get consumer feedback, and has continued to tailor the vehicle to the market.
In the 1970s Japanese cars, which were then considered tiny pieces of junk by many Americans, surprisingly began making inroads in the U.S. auto market, fueled in part by the oil crisis. By the 1980s Japanese cars featured top-notch design and reliability, and their surging sales dominance left the Big Three scrambling to catch up. Detroit never really regained the sedan mantle, and has now largely yielded the category to focus on their truck dominance.
The question is, can another foreign peddler of what appears to be junk, once again alter the market? The Pickman's utilitarian and affordable philosophy appeals to me--particularly as someone who lives on a farm--but my first thought is, The vehicle must be garbage. Folks said the same thing about the first Honda CVCC's when they arrived in America--and years later, that car practically kickstarted the Fast & Furious franchise.
I say the analogy isn't perfect because right now there's no oil crisis, gas is cheap, and Detroit makes an average profit of $17,000 per pickup truck, which is almost twice the U.S. retail price of a Pickman. It seems unlikely that the Big Three would lower their healthy profit margins to make a lower-cost vehicle. Time will tell whether that proves to be a mistake or not.
I think a fairer comparison would be between this electric pick up and the Canam Defender or Polaris Ranger. I can't speak for America but these are becoming popular in Australian Rural communities especially with aging farmers who can no longer swing a leg over a quad bike but still want something small that they can get around in, get in and out quickly to open gates etc and still carry a small load. Driving between narrow orchard rows where a conventional truck might be too wide would be a great application for these. The main Con for us with the Defender/Ranger is they are currently not road registerable. So for farmers who's property may span a public road this small road legal get about would do the job.
I'm interested to see how these go.
If it were possible, I'd short sell on this in a heartbeat. I think their 10,000 sale target is a dream.
That trailer is a promise of a load. I hates manure.
in minnesota we need doors.
"It seems unlikely that the Big Three would lower their healthy profit margins to make a lower-cost vehicle."
In fact it would be nearly impossible for them to do so. That's the classic Innovator's Dilemma (see book by that name). History repeats: American light trucks were once the bare-bones cheaper alternative to cars until the Japanese ate the car market. American manufacturers shifted to making trucks (including SUVs) more luxurious and also more profitable. Leaving a vacuum at the low end, just waiting for a Disruptor to come along. Ford, GM, even Toyota can't come down market, and Pickman has nowhere to go but up.
Great for a small tradesman in cities as they rarely travel far and the vehicle can charge while they work. If it was a van it would be even better, more so if it was secure and had good locks with real keys.
The only problem is that the Pickman will almost certainly not be street legal. So that limits its commercial use to cities that are golf cart friendly.


Göteborg : Chalmers tekniska högskola, 2011. 40 s. Examensarbete. T - Institutionen för energi och miljö, Avdelningen för energiteknik, Chalmers tekniska högskola, ISSN 9897232, 2011.
Global environmental concern with possible near-term political policies to increase cost for greenhouse gas emissions and an inclusion of aluminium production in the European emissions trading system have sparked an interest for CO2 capture within the aluminium industry. The aluminium manufacturing process produces large quantities of CO2 emissions through a noncombustion process, this limits the potential technologies for CO2 capture to post combustion only. A commercially available post combustion technology utilizes a solvent that is degraded in an oxidising environment, as is the case in aluminium manufacturing. The CO2 capture technology investigated in this study uses ammonia as solvent. Ammonia is not degraded by oxygen. The process integration of the chilled ammonia process CO2 capture technology in a novel aluminium manufacturing plant was investigated from a required reboiler duty and available heat from an integration point of view. The process gas leaving the aluminium manufacturing process is characterised by low CO2 concentration and high flow rates compared to applications such as coal-power plants and sour-gas removal from natural gas. The effects on performance and behaviour of the chilled ammonia process for these low CO2 concentrations have not been fully established and have therefore been investigated. The process integration was performed for a case with varying process gas flow rate and CO2 concentration. Gas properties were obtained from Hydro, the company operating the Sunndalsøra aluminium manufacturing plant studied in this report. To isolate and investigate the effects of varying CO2 concentration, a case with constant process gas flow rate was also studied. The CO2 concentration was varied between 4, 7, 10 and 15 vol%. To determine the amount of surplus heat available for process integration, a model of the process gas treatment train was created using the process simulation software Ebsilon Professional. The model consists of the existing process gas treatment train with the addition of two heat extractions for the top and bottom cycle process integration. The chilled ammonia process was described in two separate models in order to determine the required reboiler duties, one for CO2 capture in the bottom cycle and another for ammonia recovery in the top cycle. The simulation software Aspen Plus, handling heat and mass transfer, chemical reactions and complex solutions, was used for modelling. All components, except the top and bottom cycle absorbers, were modelled using an equilibrium calculation approach that assumes infinitely fast mass transfer and reaction kinetics in reactors. The absorbers were modelled using a rate-based approach in which also kinetics is considered, creating limiting factors for the speed and performance of the process. The CO2 capture rate was predetermined to 85% with a maximum ammonia slip of 10 ppmv. Through simulations it was observed that CO2 only has a moderate effect on the bottom cycle specific reboiler duty, in kJ/kg CO2 captured, but that the absolute reboiler duty increases as CO2 concentration and total CO2 content increases. The opposite effect was observed for the top cycle; with the absolute reboiler duty remaining relatively unchanged and the specific reboiler duty decreasing with increasing CO2 concentration. The reboiler temperatures were found to be 111°C for the top cycle and between 194-207°C for the bottom cycle. Through simulations of the process gas treatment train, it was established that surplus heat is available at temperatures sufficient for integration with the chilled ammonia process. It was found that the total heat demand for the chilled ammonia process could be covered to 50% by process integration for the best case scenario. The highest share of heat demand covered through process integration was achieved for the 4 vol% CO2 concentration case. The share then decreases with increasing CO2 concentration to 32% heat demand covered through integration for the 15 vol% case. The study concluded that increasing the CO2 concentration not necessarily will be economically favourable. The lower process gas flow rate associated with the higher CO2 concentration allows for the use of smaller process equipment, lowering investment costs. The lower share of heat demand covered through process integration will however increase operational costs meaning that the most economically feasible CO2 concentration is a trade-off between investment costs and operational costs.
Björk, H. och Aronsson, J. (2011) Process Integration and Performance of Chilled Ammonia CO2 Capture Technology. Göteborg : Chalmers University of Technology (Examensarbete. T - Institutionen för energi och miljö, Avdelningen för energiteknik, Chalmers tekniska högskola, nr: ).
AB Global environmental concern with possible near-term political policies to increase cost for greenhouse gas emissions and an inclusion of aluminium production in the European emissions trading system have sparked an interest for CO2 capture within the aluminium industry. The aluminium manufacturing process produces large quantities of CO2 emissions through a noncombustion process, this limits the potential technologies for CO2 capture to post combustion only. A commercially available post combustion technology utilizes a solvent that is degraded in an oxidising environment, as is the case in aluminium manufacturing. The CO2 capture technology investigated in this study uses ammonia as solvent. Ammonia is not degraded by oxygen. The process integration of the chilled ammonia process CO2 capture technology in a novel aluminium manufacturing plant was investigated from a required reboiler duty and available heat from an integration point of view. The process gas leaving the aluminium manufacturing process is characterised by low CO2 concentration and high flow rates compared to applications such as coal-power plants and sour-gas removal from natural gas. The effects on performance and behaviour of the chilled ammonia process for these low CO2 concentrations have not been fully established and have therefore been investigated. The process integration was performed for a case with varying process gas flow rate and CO2 concentration. Gas properties were obtained from Hydro, the company operating the Sunndalsøra aluminium manufacturing plant studied in this report. To isolate and investigate the effects of varying CO2 concentration, a case with constant process gas flow rate was also studied. The CO2 concentration was varied between 4, 7, 10 and 15 vol%. To determine the amount of surplus heat available for process integration, a model of the process gas treatment train was created using the process simulation software Ebsilon Professional. The model consists of the existing process gas treatment train with the addition of two heat extractions for the top and bottom cycle process integration. The chilled ammonia process was described in two separate models in order to determine the required reboiler duties, one for CO2 capture in the bottom cycle and another for ammonia recovery in the top cycle. The simulation software Aspen Plus, handling heat and mass transfer, chemical reactions and complex solutions, was used for modelling. All components, except the top and bottom cycle absorbers, were modelled using an equilibrium calculation approach that assumes infinitely fast mass transfer and reaction kinetics in reactors. The absorbers were modelled using a rate-based approach in which also kinetics is considered, creating limiting factors for the speed and performance of the process. The CO2 capture rate was predetermined to 85% with a maximum ammonia slip of 10 ppmv. Through simulations it was observed that CO2 only has a moderate effect on the bottom cycle specific reboiler duty, in kJ/kg CO2 captured, but that the absolute reboiler duty increases as CO2 concentration and total CO2 content increases. The opposite effect was observed for the top cycle; with the absolute reboiler duty remaining relatively unchanged and the specific reboiler duty decreasing with increasing CO2 concentration. The reboiler temperatures were found to be 111°C for the top cycle and between 194-207°C for the bottom cycle. Through simulations of the process gas treatment train, it was established that surplus heat is available at temperatures sufficient for integration with the chilled ammonia process. It was found that the total heat demand for the chilled ammonia process could be covered to 50% by process integration for the best case scenario. The highest share of heat demand covered through process integration was achieved for the 4 vol% CO2 concentration case. The share then decreases with increasing CO2 concentration to 32% heat demand covered through integration for the 15 vol% case. The study concluded that increasing the CO2 concentration not necessarily will be economically favourable. The lower process gas flow rate associated with the higher CO2 concentration allows for the use of smaller process equipment, lowering investment costs. The lower share of heat demand covered through process integration will however increase operational costs meaning that the most economically feasible CO2 concentration is a trade-off between investment costs and operational costs.


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