text:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">

   <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
      <title>
         KUKA Fast Robot Interface C++ SDK (version 1.7): KUKA::FRI::LBRState Class Reference
      </title>
      <link href="reference.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
      <link href="tabs.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">

         <colgroup><col width="30% a"><col width="40%"><col></colgroup>

KUKA Roboter GmbH

KUKA Fast Robot Interface C++ SDK (version 1.7)

Main Page

Namespaces

Classes

Files

Class List

Class Index

Class Hierarchy

Class Members

KUKA::FRI::LBRState

KUKA::FRI::LBRState Class Reference
Wrapper class for the FRI monitoring message for a KUKA LBR (leightweight) robot.
More...

List of all members.

Public Member Functions

double 	getSampleTime () const

 	Get the sample time in seconds.

ESessionState 	getSessionState () const

 	Get the current FRI session state.

EConnectionQuality 	getConnectionQuality () const

 	Get the current FRI connection quality.

ESafetyState 	getSafetyState () const

 	Get the current safety state of the KUKA Sunrise controller.

EOperationMode 	getOperationMode () const

 	Get the current operation mode of the KUKA Sunrise controller.

EDriveState 	getDriveState () const

 	Get the accumulated drive state over all drives of the KUKA LBR controller.

EClientCommandMode 	getClientCommandMode () const

 	Get the client command mode specified by the client.

EOverlayType 	getOverlayType () const

 	Get the overlay type specified by the client.

EControlMode 	getControlMode () const

 	Get the control mode of the KUKA LBR robot.

unsigned int 	getTimestampSec () const

 	Get the timestamp of the current robot state in Unix time.

unsigned int 	getTimestampNanoSec () const

 	Get the nanoseconds elapsed since the last second (in Unix time).

const double * 	getMeasuredJointPosition () const

 	Get the currently measured joint positions of the robot.

const double * 	getCommandedJointPosition () const

 	Get the last commanded joint positions of the robot.

const double * 	getMeasuredTorque () const

 	Get the currently measured joint torques of the robot.

const double * 	getCommandedTorque () const

 	Get the last commanded joint torques of the robot.

const double * 	getExternalTorque () const

 	Get the currently measured external joint torques of the robot.

const double * 	getIpoJointPosition () const

 	Get the joint positions commanded by the interpolator.

double 	getTrackingPerformance () const

 	Get an indicator for the current tracking performance of the commanded robot.

Static Public Attributes

static const int 	NUMBER_OF_JOINTS = 7

 	number of axes of the KUKA LBR robot

Protected Attributes

FRIMonitoringMessage * 	_message

 	FRI monitoring message (protobuf struct).

Static Protected Attributes

static const int 	LBRMONITORMESSAGEID = 0x245142

 	type identifier for the FRI monitoring message corresponding to a KUKA LBR robot

Friends

class 	LBRClient

Detailed Description

Wrapper class for the FRI monitoring message for a KUKA LBR (leightweight) robot.

Member Function Documentation

          double KUKA::FRI::LBRState::getSampleTime
          (

           )
           const

Get the sample time in seconds.

This is the period in which then KUKA Sunrise controller is sending FRI packets.

Returns:

sample time in seconds

          ESessionState KUKA::FRI::LBRState::getSessionState
          (

           )
           const

Get the current FRI session state.

Returns:

current FRI session state

          EConnectionQuality KUKA::FRI::LBRState::getConnectionQuality
          (

           )
           const

Get the current FRI connection quality.

Returns:

current FRI connection quality

          ESafetyState KUKA::FRI::LBRState::getSafetyState
          (

           )
           const

Get the current safety state of the KUKA Sunrise controller.

Returns:

current safety state

          EOperationMode KUKA::FRI::LBRState::getOperationMode
          (

           )
           const

Get the current operation mode of the KUKA Sunrise controller.

Returns:

current operation mode

          EDriveState KUKA::FRI::LBRState::getDriveState
          (

           )
           const

Get the accumulated drive state over all drives of the KUKA LBR controller.

If the drive states differ between drives, the following rule applies: 1) The drive state is OFF if all drives are OFF. 2) The drive state is ACTIVE if all drives are ACTIVE. 3) otherwise the drive state is TRANSITIONING.

Returns:

accumulated drive state

          EClientCommandMode KUKA::FRI::LBRState::getClientCommandMode
          (

           )
           const

Get the client command mode specified by the client.

Returns:

the client command mode specified by the client.

          EOverlayType KUKA::FRI::LBRState::getOverlayType
          (

           )
           const

Get the overlay type specified by the client.

Returns:

the overlay type specified by the client.

          EControlMode KUKA::FRI::LBRState::getControlMode
          (

           )
           const

Get the control mode of the KUKA LBR robot.

Returns:

current control mode of the KUKA LBR robot.

          unsigned int KUKA::FRI::LBRState::getTimestampSec
          (

           )
           const

Get the timestamp of the current robot state in Unix time.

This method returns the seconds since 0:00, January 1st, 1970 (UTC). Use getTimestampNanoSec() to increase your timestamp resolution when seconds are insufficient.

Returns:

timestamp encoded as Unix time (seconds)

          unsigned int KUKA::FRI::LBRState::getTimestampNanoSec
          (

           )
           const

Get the nanoseconds elapsed since the last second (in Unix time).

This method complements getTimestampSec() to get a high resolution timestamp.

Returns:

timestamp encoded as Unix time (nanoseconds part)

          const double* KUKA::FRI::LBRState::getMeasuredJointPosition
          (

           )
           const

Get the currently measured joint positions of the robot.

Returns:

array of the measured joint positions in radians

          const double* KUKA::FRI::LBRState::getCommandedJointPosition
          (

           )
           const

Get the last commanded joint positions of the robot.

Returns:

array of the commanded joint positions in radians

          const double* KUKA::FRI::LBRState::getMeasuredTorque
          (

           )
           const

Get the currently measured joint torques of the robot.

Returns:

array of the measured torques in Nm

          const double* KUKA::FRI::LBRState::getCommandedTorque
          (

           )
           const

Get the last commanded joint torques of the robot.

Returns:

array of the commanded torques in Nm

          const double* KUKA::FRI::LBRState::getExternalTorque
          (

           )
           const

Get the currently measured external joint torques of the robot.

The external torques corresponds to the measured torques when removing the torques induced by the robot itself.

Returns:

array of the external torques in Nm

          const double* KUKA::FRI::LBRState::getIpoJointPosition
          (

           )
           const

Get the joint positions commanded by the interpolator.

When commanding a motion overlay in your robot application, this method will give access to the joint positions currently commanded by the motion interpolator. This method will return NULL during monitoring mode.

Returns:

array of the ipo joint positions in radians (or NULL in monitoring mode)

          double KUKA::FRI::LBRState::getTrackingPerformance
          (

           )
           const

Get an indicator for the current tracking performance of the commanded robot.

The tracking performance is an indicator on how well the commanded robot is able to follow the commands of the FRI client. The best possible value 1.0 is reached when the robot executes the given commands instantaneously. The tracking performance drops towards 0 when latencies are induced, e.g. when the commanded velocity, acceleration or jerk exceeds the capabilities of the robot. The tracking performance will always be 0 when the session state does not equal COMMANDING_ACTIVE.

Returns:

current tracking performance

Friends And Related Function Documentation

          friend class LBRClient [friend]

Member Data Documentation

          const int KUKA::FRI::LBRState::NUMBER_OF_JOINTS = 7 [static]

number of axes of the KUKA LBR robot

          const int KUKA::FRI::LBRState::LBRMONITORMESSAGEID = 0x245142 [static, protected]

type identifier for the FRI monitoring message corresponding to a KUKA LBR robot

          FRIMonitoringMessage* KUKA::FRI::LBRState::_message [protected]

FRI monitoring message (protobuf struct).

         <colgroup><col width="30% a"><col width="40%"><col></colgroup>

            All Rights Reserved
© 2014-2015 KUKA Roboter GmbH, Germany

            created 24 Mar 2015


text:
.. This file is part of the OpenDSA eTextbook project. See
.. http://algoviz.org/OpenDSA for more details.
.. Copyright (c) 2012-2016 by the OpenDSA Project Contributors, and
.. distributed under an MIT open source license.

.. avmetadata::
   :author: Cliff Shaffer
   :requires: exchange sort; shellsort; heapsort; mergesort; quicksort; radix sort; sorting lower bound
   :topic: Sorting

Sorting Summary Exercises
=========================

Sorting Summary Exercises
-------------------------

Here is a complete set of review questions, taken from all of the
questions in the modules of this chapter.

.. avembed:: Exercises/Sorting/SortChapterSumm.html ka

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Deji Adeyanju's Attack: Femi Fani Kayode Warns Government, Says: "power is transient"
By The Nigeria Voice
Femi Fani-Kayode, former minister of Aviation has narrated how activist, Adeyanju Deji was beaten by alleged President Muhammadu Buhari supporters during protest on Monday in Abuja.
It was learnt that Adeyanju alongside some other protesters were attacked while on their way to the Human Rights commission to summit a letter demanding the release of the Convener of ' RevolutionNow', Omoyele Sowore.
Fani-Kayode giving details on the incident said, 'Deji was attacked by a 150-strong crowd of young, wild drug-crazed almajiris shouting, "sai Baba" which left him unconscious.
He further warned President Muhammadu Buhari of the consequences of the happening under his adminstration, adding that power is transient.
On his Twitter page, the former minister wrote: "I spoke to Adeyanju Deji and I can confirm to you that he was badly beaten until he was unconcious. He barely escaped with his life.
"As he was about to submit his letter on Yele Sowore at the Human Rights Commission in Abuja he was attacked by a 150-strong crowd of young, wild drug-crazed almajiris shouting "sai Baba" whilst the police and DSS stood by and did nothing to help.
"They were carrying placards with Buhari's face on it and they kept on chanting his name. Hear this: beating up opposition members changes nothing. It only strengthens our hand and our resolve and swells our ranks.
"Finally remember that you will not be in power forever and one day you will be called to account for your wickedness, brutality and tyranny."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Revisioning Gender and Sexuality on Cook's Voyages in the Pacific
Margaret Jolly
James Cook and the Exploration of the Pacific (James Cook und die Entdeckung der Südsee)
Robert Fleck and Adrienne L. Kaeppler
Jolly, M. (2009). Revisioning Gender and Sexuality on Cook's Voyages in the Pacific. In Robert Fleck and Adrienne L. Kaeppler (Ed.), James Cook and the Exploration of the Pacific (James Cook und die Entdeckung der Südsee) (1st ed., pp. 98-102). Thames and Hudson. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/32937
Jolly, Margaret. / Revisioning Gender and Sexuality on Cook's Voyages in the Pacific. James Cook and the Exploration of the Pacific (James Cook und die Entdeckung der Südsee). editor / Robert Fleck and Adrienne L. Kaeppler. 1st. ed. London : Thames and Hudson, 2009. pp. 98-102
@inbook{f4acf33cee61470886ed641b512ef93a,
title = "Revisioning Gender and Sexuality on Cook's Voyages in the Pacific",
author = "Margaret Jolly",
editor = "{Robert Fleck and Adrienne L. Kaeppler}",
booktitle = "James Cook and the Exploration of the Pacific (James Cook und die Entdeckung der S{\~A}¼dsee)",
publisher = "Thames and Hudson",
Jolly, M 2009, Revisioning Gender and Sexuality on Cook's Voyages in the Pacific. in Robert Fleck and Adrienne L. Kaeppler (ed.), James Cook and the Exploration of the Pacific (James Cook und die Entdeckung der Südsee). 1st edn, Thames and Hudson, London, pp. 98-102. <http://hdl.handle.net/1885/32937>
Revisioning Gender and Sexuality on Cook's Voyages in the Pacific. / Jolly, Margaret.
James Cook and the Exploration of the Pacific (James Cook und die Entdeckung der Südsee). ed. / Robert Fleck and Adrienne L. Kaeppler. 1st. ed. London : Thames and Hudson, 2009. p. 98-102.
T1 - Revisioning Gender and Sexuality on Cook's Voyages in the Pacific
AU - Jolly, Margaret
BT - James Cook and the Exploration of the Pacific (James Cook und die Entdeckung der Südsee)
A2 - Robert Fleck and Adrienne L. Kaeppler, null
PB - Thames and Hudson
Jolly M. Revisioning Gender and Sexuality on Cook's Voyages in the Pacific. In Robert Fleck and Adrienne L. Kaeppler, editor, James Cook and the Exploration of the Pacific (James Cook und die Entdeckung der Südsee). 1st ed. London: Thames and Hudson. 2009. p. 98-102


Are you seeking Hd Iron Man Wallpaper? Right here are 10 brand-new and most recent Hd Iron Man Wallpaper for desktop computer with FULL HD 1080p (1920 × 1080). You can download and install the wallpaper and also use it for your desktop computer COMPUTER. If you want to know other wallpaper, you could see our gallery on sidebar.
Related Posts of "10 New Hd Iron Man Wallpaper FULL HD 1080p For PC Desktop"


Overflowing with energy and often guided by his natural instincts, your faithful companion does not always know his limits. Need to protect flowerbeds or other landscaping? Want to keep your dog out of the pool? More importantly, how do you keep your dog out of the dangerous road? The Classic Dog Fence from Eyenimal is a modern and highly-effective system that enables you to keep one or more dogs within a perimeter (that you set), fenced or unfenced, but still allow your dog(s) the freedom to roam. You define your dog's play area by installing a wire around the authorized perimeter. This wire can be placed on the ground (with the use of our optional sod staples), buried, or raised on an existing non-metal fence. The system will support up to 1300 feet of wire (500 feet included - additional wire available for purchase separately). When your dog is wearing a receiver collar and approaches the wire, he is warned by beep sounds. If he continues on to the area where he is not allowed, static stimulation will be emitted by the collar. The beep and stimulation continues until your dog retreats back to the allowable area. The included collar is fully waterproof and offers 8 stimulation levels to match your dog's sensitivity and temperament. Weighing less than 2 ounces, the collar takes a basic user-replaceable battery (included) and includes a strap that fits neck sizes from 6.7" to 21.7". An unlimited number of collars can be used with one transmitter (extra collars sold separately). Adjustable settings on the transmitter allow you to increase or decrease the width of the warning zone and the stimulation zone, making this system truly configurable for your dogs and your yard. Safety features include a wire-break alarm, a warning zone evacuation feature, a stimulation zone evacuation feature, and an automatic safety shut-off.
Collar dimensions: 2.32" x 1.53" x 1.22"
Transmitter Dimensions: 4.60" x 4.33" x 1.60"
Strap fits neck sizes from 6.7" to 21.7"


text:
Veiled Truth
Amelthia a citizen of ville has witnessed something dreadful and fearful, that turns into her trauma. She stays in the witnesses protection department without a proper identity and background, for her safety. Amelthia meets Felix;the head of security department young and handsome. Amelthia got attracted to Felix. What would be their story?? What did Amelthia witness?? What is Amelthia's real identity??
The Secrets behind our breakup
She lost herself after losing the person she loved the most and vowed to leave no stone unturned in taking revenge from the person she hated the most. The war she engaged herself in, cost her the greatest price, her love. Will she be able to save her relationship?
The Billionaire's Xmas Love BWWM
Three days to Christmas, Adaora, Nigerian billionaire business woman grudgingly leaves for America to attend a destination wedding. There, she meets Kelvin Hathaway, a broken British-American and the two journey through friendship and love, emotional healing and a whirlwind romance. But there is little time by their side due to their geographical locations. What happens at the end of the three days when they have to face reality; separation, or working of another kind of permanent deal? SHE'S THE GRINCH, AND A LITTLE BIT OF AN EBENEZAR SCROOGE. HE'S THE ONE WHO DIDN'T THINK HE WOULD CELEBRATE CHRISTMAS THIS TIME, SINCE THE MUSIC HAS COME TO REMIND HIM OF HIS LOSS AND PAINS. BUT WITH ONE BEAUTIFUL ENCOUNTER, THE GRINCH COULD HEAL HIM, AND HE COULD TEACH HER, WHAT THE SEASON MIGHT JUST MEAN TO THEM. IT IS SIZZLING HOT ROMANCE, IT IS BEAUTY TO THE SOUL,IT IS CHILD-LIKE HAPPINESS. IT IS LOVE.
lead me to the mansion
Horror&Thriller
The last descendants of Arlott have died and left the wife with the family's surname. A mansion passed through generations, yet she was unaware of this mansion's existence. Her husband died in an odd and despicable way as if he knew his doomsday, was it a disease that corrupted him or was it the works of someone? Lilith is to unravel everything by what her husband had left for her. The mansion. Stuck in the forgotten era, she came to a stop before the wooden door. It was loose and the door is barely hinged, the knob rattled open. In her sight, stood a 'person' ? ? her hands waver in fear, her scream is just behind her throat, she felt her knees give up. The clock ticked slowly with every second felt eternity. "It was you two" she exclaimed.
NAN'S DREAM AND SECRET
Contemporary Romance ROMANCE R-18 COMEDY MODERN DRAMA BOYSLOVE ACTING SELF-DISCOVERY DIRECTOR DREAMCOMETRUE
Question: "How to be a human being?, How to live as a proper social being?" ___ There are many new things learned from movies or series and thought that is something that people need to watch. It's not just romance or gender or just being boys love fan, but things give her some thoughts about, "How to be a human being?, How to live as a proper social being?" HUMANITY is what Nan sees through those series she watched, made her want to become a person who produces those kinds of series. And one day, she seriously takes a step to achieve her dream. ___ Nan, a girl who had a dream of becoming a drama series director in Thailand. She has a secret about her having a thing to watch a Boy's Love series and it makes her crazy about the actors! Then one day when she's worked to pursue her dream, she got the chance to meet and work with the famous rising actor, Din Vachikorn. The actor on the most recent famous BL series that she been watching. What kind of encounter will Nan face? From now on, a heart-throbbing experience is about to happen ahead of both her career and romance!
I must confess
Zac lives a carefree life as a model with his famous mother. He is suddenly sent away with his aunt when the truth about his mother is revealed to him by an unknown source. Only when the pieces are finally put together does Zac realize that not everything is as it seems. One action can cause the ruin of a person's entire life and Zac finds out that his mother was on the receiving end of that action.
ZIZWE
Zizwe's life has been constantly plagued by troubles, while she has to deal with their destitution and her mom being in and out of hospitals, she also has to deal with Nicks mom constantly reminding her that she'll never accept her in her sons life since she comes from a poor family. One fateful day Zizwe's life is turned upside down when Nick's mom spews the most horrendous and humiliating words to her while Nick just stands there and does Nothing to stop her from attacking Zizwe, having had enough of Nicks mom and being degraded she runs away in tears to save herself but what she doesn't know is what fate has instore for her as she finds herself thrown inside a massive muddy pit with no way out. Gage Hart, Multi Millionaire and business man is mesmerized when his eyes land on this beautiful trapped girl. He finds himself enchanted and having a sudden urge to protect her, he vows to take her away from the slums she's living in but what Gage doesn't know is that Zizwe's heart already belongs to Nick. Unless he can steal her heart
She thought getting married would curb her failures but she never knew that it was the beginning of a nightmare for her. Joanne an ambitious child who takes decisions as quick as possible without minding the consequences involve in it. Desmond a young and vibrant Doctor who like adventures and sees things beyond the human eye, finds Joanne attractive even with her flaws. But what would their fate be, will they settle as spouse or as friends.
LOVE AND MADNESS
Felicity Genson is a college student having her version of a roller coaster ride of life. As she deals with her problem, Drake Montessario came into the picture. They became friends and developed feelings. Thus, it was a U-turn to their fantasy life. Stephanie Beatrix came and ruined their bubbles. Should Fely hate her or support her best friend, Drake? In life, one thing that we should always remember is to never trust anybody. Even yourself. We make the stupid decisions we could when we're in love. Just like Felicity. "If you love a person, you don't need a reason."
Ungranted
Sci-fi Romance ROMANCE ACTION ADVENTURE R-18 MYSTERY THRILLER FEMALE LEAD PSYCHOLOGICAL DYSTOPIAN FUTURISM
"For those clueless souls, those lights means salvation. However, that light was the opposite of the salvation of what mankind wanted". In the 22nd Century, Alpha City was built in order to make mankind prosper with the help of advanced technology. Alongside the neighboring city, Omega City is the second best after Alpha City the main capital. Due to the advanced technology, people spend their time inside an AR man-made Wishmaker app to visualize their wish, so does Aria Schneider. A 20-year-old girl loves being alone and mentally unstable. Not long after the release of the search engine, Alpha City was hit with a sudden terrorist attack that involves millions of people dying. What will Aria do to survive this chaotic terrorist attack?
If I Let Go
Teen ROMANCE COMEDY MODERN DRAMA-COMEDY-MELODRAMA
Felicity is just an ordinary teen, but her life turned 360° on the day she lost everything, she moves back to live with her grandparents house and suddenly finds out about her past. All her life, was it all a lie? How will she overcome all the obstacles and her life's deepest darkest secrets slowly unfold. What will you do? A.N. UPDATES DAILY! & Feel free to comment, vote, and rate! It'll inspire me to do better. Thank you!!!
A miracle (Every soul desire for)
Elle recently moved to Seoul after being forced by her parents to get married . She decides to work day and night. Continues efforts and suffering made her strong but turned her into a dull one. Park Soo Jin seemed to be the light for her dull life. But you never know where your fate will take you and someone else beyond your imagination will make you to shine bright.
Hapuch's Diary
"Being separated was not the plan, neither was falling in love with him." A sad blow on Nathan's family throws Keren, their teenage daughter off balance. While Addison, the mysterious son of the wealthy Don Carlo, appears after 20 years. Fate caused their paths to cross at a time when Addison battled with his traumatic past. For some special reasons he was spellbound to Keren, the girl whom he found solace in. Thus, he offered her the needed support to achieve her dreams and reunite with her family. That was the plan, but it all changed, when simple lies turn deadly and every heart bore deceptive secrets. The unimaginable, wrecks not just her romance with Addison but her sole objective. The truth was no kinder neither was the lie. Face it? Run? Or leave it? To Addison, it was impossible. To Keren, it was a challenge. In the face of these challenges, will she achieve her dreams? Reunite with her family or the man she loves? ********** The story is dedicated to the families separated due to immigration policies. Disclaimer Hapuch's Diary is an original story and purely a work of fiction. Cover photo from Pinterest
Simply Because
15 Year old Daniel lives his life as a regular high school student would, with a decent social status and relations with everyone in school. Everything appears fine for him. However in reality he looks upon everything he does in school as nothing more than a waste of time and disregards his peers as fools in his head, isolating his heart from those around him. Until he meets Jasmine, a girl who has the intellect and wit to match his cynicism. Read as their high school journey progresses. Will Daniel finally find someone he can open up to?
For you... My love
Fantasy Romance ROMANCE MODERN LOVE STRONG MALE-LEAD HATE-LOVE RELATIONSHIP OFFICE ROMANCE OFFICEROMANCE OFFICECOUPLE
She had a mark behind her ear... had always been told that it was a tattoo made after getting a blessing from a priest Was it really? 'You should not come near me... I will be the cause of your harm', he said. He was fatal to her. Was he really? There was someone who came to ask for her hand in marriage. He said, 'I will always keep you happy.' Could he really? They lived together. Had a life... very similar to any other person on earth. Was it really? Start reading to know more ;) you can find me here on Twitter https://twitter.com/butterscotch_98?s=08 and on discord choco#3778 for any questions. :)
Valerie Jenz, a shy college student has a best friend named Juan Garcia. She falls in love with his best friend's friend Christopher Morales. Juan wanted her to be happy and something you never expect happened to her. Will she find a way to be her old self again? Intimacy isn't always about sex right? Relationships are far way more than just having sex with your partner. It's more than that. "The things you do for a person you love not only the things you want to do to the person you love."
Love On Chaos
Contemporary Romance ROMANCE ADVENTURE MODERN LOVE MYSTERY ROYALTY FATE DESTINY LIFE AND DEATH PUZZLE
Tears were streaming through Eli's cheeks, his eyes were bloody red, its been so long yet the pain, the aches, the memories were haunting him, he can't escape his fantasy, is he dreaming, tell him, he is because, he doesn't know if he can win this battle, this game, played by me, her, and destiny. Today 6th of December, its been years since they met, the most beautiful woman, the most caring, the brightest star in the sky the one he thought who'll never leave his side, yet here he is, in their favorite place, the place where they smiled as wide as they can, laugh as hard as they could, the place where they witness the beauty of the sun descending and the gorgeousness of the moon ascending, but now, he's alone, reminiscing the past. After waiting for the sun to set, he left there hidden spot and spoke in a low baritone voice. "I'll hold on to your promise, my love." Little did they know, everything already happened, as they fulfill the prophecy, they are waking the two Phoenix that will prevail who will win, on— Love on Chaos.
"Do you believe in destiny? I think i am looking at mine." * All Alaia Crowe ever wanted in life was for her family to be happy and to not have to worry about money all the time. But because of her blindness, there was not so much she could do to help. So when an opportunity to 'fix' things comes along, though unsure of what she is getting into, she agrees to marry her father's billionaire boss. Anything for her family. After all, it's only for a year. But soon after, she realises nothing is ever that simple. The situation gets complicated when her beauty and innocence gets the attention of the three men around her. All different, yet all important and none willing to let go. * Nickolas Bishop has no time for love. What he has is Money, Family, Power and Influence. But his whole world is turned upside down, when he has to marry for business and she quickly becomes his whole world. And now he has to fight for her and prove his love or risk loosing her to someone else. *** "You want to know my biggest fear, my worst nightmare? It keeps me up at night, it's losing you. And the funny thing is, i just might, because everything you want in a man, everything you described, everything you deserve, everything you need, i am not. I was stupid to think that you would choose me after what we have been through, because even though i love you desperately with my feelings, i could never seem to show you correctly with my actions."
~You have to be careful or the darkness might just breach your walls when you least expect it. Needless to say, you have to stay fortified. The word of the Lord is a strong tower, the righteous runneth to it and is safe~ A war is on. A war between the light and darkness. As an age long push and pull ensue, which side will give in, which side will surrender? The dark is scary and yet enticing. It is easy to fall off a cliff when the voice on the other side is so alluring, so sweet. √√√√√√√√√√√√ It's been eight months since Luke died in a freak accident that inevitably changed Adriel's life forever. College has started and Adriel doesn't know how she would manage without her brother. Alex, his best friend just upped and left not being able to handle his death, the consequence being, she'd had to handle it alone. Relief came in form of Jayden Crow a goergeous senior who gave her everything she needed and wanted. He was a drug and she was soon getting addicted, but wasn't that how the darkness worked? Be the sweetest thing you've ever tasted until it becomes poison in your gut. Everything was normal until he came and turned it upside down and she let him in till he became her ruin. He was the darkness and she was supposed to be the light. Truths are told, faith is renewed, wounds are healed and strength is found—but at what cost?


UK - 10. jeans. 28/29. Women. 40. L. US - 6/8. UK - 12. jeans. 30/31. Women. 42. XL. US - 8/10. UK - 14. jeans. 32. Clothes. Men. XS. Pants. 36. Suits. 44. Shirts.
During inspection, the VPSS Office for Krasnodar Kray and Republic of Adygea revealed that, in fact, 3697 heads .... International Livestock Trading) and is, sailing tinder the flag of the Marshall Islands ...... shall also have ample hayracks suit.
, Their evacuation was being carried out for the good of mankind, and to end all .... It was at this stage that the people of Bikini filed their first lawsuit, demanding that, Back to barren Kili, Ejit and Majuro, the Bikinians went.
Welcome to our new website same great service with a fresh new feel. Receive our latest offers and news. Sign up for our newsletter today. ok. Links.
The Compact of Free Association (COFA) is an international agreement establishing and governing the relationships of free association between the United States and the three Pacific Island nations of the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands,, In 2003, the Compacts with the RMI and FSM were renewed for 20 years.
30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA. First edition 2005, 16 Designing buildings and cities for 3 ° C of climate change. 344 ...... past decade, the island of Majuro (Marshall Islands) has lost up to 20% of its beachfront.
For the Marshall Islands assemblages, the inclusion of. 24 ..... assemblage, and should be modified to suit the diverse assemblages, taxa, and taphonomic. 299.
Deschamps, le patron Le sélectionneur de l'équipe de France est entré dans, il ramène une 2e étoile à la France avec le costume de coach sur les épaules., de forte chaleur se multiplient inévitablement aux quatre coins de France.
All of our suites are uncommonly spacious for added comfort. Penthouse, Suite & Stateroom Amenities. Queen-size, +Available in Penthouse Suites, except Suite 8001, 2018 Oceania Cruises S. de R.L. Ships' Registry: Marshall Islands.
WhatsApp for Business is the new kid on the block. Learn how it works and the ways in which marketers can use this platform wisely!
Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's ...... boundary conditions of Majuro atoll (Kraines et al., 1999). ..... However, substrate suit-.
of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, mainly concerned with heritage ..... the cultural resource management plan for Majuro. Atoll, the ...... Suit/Jacket . Shirt ?
This section of our safety products line includes fire protection pants, jeans and full body suits. We also carry a selection of fire protection shirts and jackets.
Marshall Islands. 12. Nauru, the region and for many of our island nations, tourism has become our, that suit the needs of any traveler or adventure seeker.
The trust agreement permitted the U.S. to close off the Marshall Islands for security ...... The people of Bikini file suit in U.S. Dktrict Court for the Dtstrict of Hawaii.


text:
Anna Margareta Hedborg (ur. 17 września 1944 w Hudiksvall) – szwedzka polityk, urzędniczka i działaczka związkowa, w latach 1994–1996 minister.

Życiorys
Absolwentka Wyższej Szkoły Handlowej w Sztokholmie z 1967. Pracowała kolejno w urzędzie do spraw rozwoju międzynarodowego SIDA (do 1969), resorcie finansów (do 1972), centrali związkowej Landsorganisationen i Sverige (do 1988) i zrzeszeniu władz lokalnych Svenska Kommunförbundet (do 1990). W latach 1990–1991 była sekretarzem stanu w resorcie spraw społecznych. Następnie przez rok zatrudniona we frakcji poselskiej Szwedzkiej Socjaldemokratycznej Partii Robotniczej, po czym w latach 1992–1994 była dyrektorem rady okręgu administracyjnego Kopparberg. Od 1994 do 1996 pełniła funkcję ministra bez teki w trzecim rządzie Ingvara Carlssona, pracując w departamencie spraw społecznych. Objęła następnie stanowisko dyrektora generalnego Riksförsäkringsverket, krajowej administracji ubezpieczeniowej. Zarządzała nią do 2004; w tymże roku powołana na przewodniczącą Statens kulturråd (państwowej rady do spraw kultury), instytucją tą kierowała do 2008.

Przypisy

Szwedzcy ministrowie
Politycy Szwedzkiej Socjaldemokratycznej Partii Robotniczej
Urodzeni w 1944

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Suite de mon carnet de voyage, toujours à Séoul.
Highly energetic article, I liked that a good deal.
actually still worth the cost!
for your post. They're very convincing and definately will definitely work.
from next time? Thanks to the post.
Neat blog! Is your theme custom made or have you download it from somewhere?
stumbled upon it for him... lol. So let me reword this.... Thank YOU for the meal!!
post at this particular website.


Scowling at the camera is not a good look and now I'm writing this post the sun has gone in... Sorry for the squints, scowls and seething looks - it honestly felt like I was smiling the whole time.
Yesterday I went to Wimbledon Car boot sale. It was awesome and I'll be going again. Don't get me wrong it was a giant jumble of jumble in its purest form but then there were lots of tiny treasures floating about everywhere. I spent a total of £8 yesterday and came back with a bag full of goodies.
I love this skirt so much, and the footwear pairing, such a tricky length! I want to go on and be a massive creep about your necklace and shawl too but I'll leave it there for now, just so much outfit love!


text:
Q: how can I introduce myself in emails? My question is, if I'm writing an email to some one for the first time, do I introduce myself with sentance like:'I'm ...'? or like in the phone:'This is...'?
Thanks!

A: I'm not sure of convention, but personally, I try to avoid opening with "I'm..." or "my name is...".  If you're emailing someone you have a connection to, mention that and how/when you met the person.  Your email address and signature will have your name, so it's better to link your face to the name, rather than write it out again.  If you're emailing someone cold, I'd open with your purpose - why your emailing them.  If your position or job title is important, perhaps slip your name in there.  Focus on the purpose though, the key to good email is getting the point across in less text.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Total Contribution (USD) 0
Earmarked (USD)
Donor Ranking Overall N/A
Donor Ranking per capita N/A
Total Contribution (USD) 10,000
Donor Ranking Overall 38
Donor Ranking per capita 39
Total Contributions US$ million
Earmarked
Non-earmarked
0 0 0 0 10K 0 0 10K 0 0
Total Contribution
Projects in Myanmar
Building Resilience : Action for Strengthened Institutions, Communities and Systems in Myanmar 31-Jul-2018 30-Nov-2019 Ongoing $308,079
Yangon Informal Settlement - Resettlments programme 14-Jun-2018 30-Sep-2019 Ongoing Sweden $395,303
Rohingya Crisis 05-Jun-2018 31-Jul-2018 Closed $21,400
Strengthening community and institutional resilience to natural hazards in Myanmar 01-May-2016 31-Oct-2017 Closed $359,463
The Project For Emergency Support To Poor And Vulnerable Communities In Ethnic Areas 27-Apr-2016 30-Apr-2018 Closed Japan $5,589,833
A Short Step from Improved Water, Sanitation and Hygiene to Healthier Communities 01-Jan-2016 31-Dec-2018 Closed $4,400,000
Resilience Strategy Process in the City Of Mandalay 01-Aug-2015 30-Nov-2017 Closed $205,718
Mapping Yangon, Myanmar - The Untapped Communities 01-Jun-2015 30-Jun-2017 Closed $200,000
The Programme For Emergency Assistance To Poor And Vulnerable Community In Ethnic Minority Areas And Yangon 27-Mar-2015 31-Mar-2018 Closed Japan $5,329,883
Building Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Extremes and Disasters 01-Jan-2015 31-Dec-2018 Closed $990,499
Transformation Of Urban Management In Myanmar 01-Oct-2014 30-Nov-2016 Closed $1,800,284
Myanmar Consortium for Capacity Development on Disaster Management 01-Sep-2014 31-Jul-2017 Closed United States of America $4,673,456
Safer Coastal and Urban Communities through Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction in Myanmar 01-May-2014 31-Dec-2016 Closed $590,430
Myanmar Climate Change Alliance 19-Dec-2013 30-Jun-2018 Closed European Union $8,319,967
The Programme for Development and Rehabilitation of Community in Ethnic Minority Area in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar 23-May-2013 18-Oct-2016 Closed Japan $6,853,528
Land Administration and Management Program for Myanmar 01-Nov-2012 31-Dec-2016 Closed $2,765,148
Disaster Risk Reduction for Safer and Resilient Burmese Coastal Communities 01-Oct-2012 31-Oct-2016 Closed United States of America $840,916
Partnerships for Safer Myanmar Initiative 01-Jun-2012 31-Mar-2014 Closed $574,870
Shae Thot, The Way Forward - Water and Sanitation Project in Myanmar 01-Jan-2012 31-Dec-2017 Closed United States of America $16,041,166
Post-Cyclone Giri Community-Based Emergency and Early Recovery Initiative 01-Jul-2011 31-May-2016 Closed $931,214
Rakhine Settlement Support Project 18-Apr-2011 31-May-2016 Closed Norway $1,046,052
Emergency Shelter Support for Homeless and Vulnerable Populations 15-Mar-2011 31-Dec-2011 Closed $499,904
Safe and Sustainable Access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Rural Communities 01-Jan-2011 30-Jun-2011 Closed Australia $554,330
Operationalizing Disaster Risk Reduction into Early Recovery and Post-Disaster Transition To Development 15-Jul-2010 15-Sep-2010 Closed $58,315
Coastal Settlement Sustainable Recovery in Myanmar 01-Jun-2010 31-Dec-2012 Closed United States of America $946,000
Coastal Settlements Programme in Myanmar 01-Jun-2010 01-Oct-2010 Closed New Zealand $250,000
Coastal Communities Livelihoods Assistance Program 01-Mar-2010 28-Feb-2011 Closed $1,092,012
Disaster Responses & Preparedness - Resilient Coastal Communities and Urban Risk 01-Dec-2009 31-May-2017 Closed Norway $4,809,254
Shelter Improvement and Disaster Risk Reduction Project 15-Jun-2009 15-Dec-2009 Closed $50,000
Community Water Supply and Sanitation Recovery Project 01-May-2009 31-Dec-2010 Closed Japan $4,000,000
Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction 01-Jan-2009 31-May-2010 Closed $459,542
Myanmar Shelter Coodination Project 01-Jan-2009 30-Jun-2009 Closed United Kingdom $493,300
Multi-purpose tents for schools, health and community centers 15-Jul-2008 30-Sep-2009 Closed $154,096
Emergency Shelter Cluster Recovery in Myanmar 01-May-2008 31-Dec-2008 Closed $10,000
Implementing Partners registered in Myanmar
Partner Category
Agency for Technical Cooperation and Developpment Civil society
Ashoka Social Development Association Civil society
Goethe-Institut Myanmar Civil society
Handicap International - Myanmar Civil society
Helpage International - Myanmar Civil society
IOM - Myanmar UN Agencies
Myanmar Engineering Society Civil society
Myanmar Geosciences Society Civil society
Myanmar Journalism Institute Civil society
Pyo Mae Eain Development Associatio Civil society
Shwe Nyar Thu, Pakokku Township Magway Division Local Authority
Swan Saung Shin, Myanmar Local Authority
UNDP-Myanmar UN Agencies
UNICEF-Myanmar UN Agencies
Yangon Film School Civil society
Cote D'ivore
Democratic Rep. of Congo


text:
«Into Asylum» es el vigésimo primer episodio de la tercera temporada de la serie de televisión, Héroes y el octavo episodio del volumen 4: Fugitivos.

Argumento
Claire y Nathan aterrizan en México. Una vez allí, ambos intentan hospedarse en un hotel pero su dinero es escaso, así que ambos procuran reunirlo. Por un lado, Claire reúne una considerable cantidad, mientras que a Nathan se le ocurre la idea de ganar más dinero en una apuesta con un grupo de jóvenes mexicanos: aquel que beba más tequila y permanezca en pie será el ganador. Nathan tranquiliza a Claire asegurando que no es la primera vez que hace algo así. El concurso comienza y los participantes van cayendo sucesivamente, hasta que solo Nathan y un joven llamado Sligo quedan en pie. Finalmente, Nathan cae también ebrio. Justo cuando Sligo se encuentra a punto de reclamar su premio, Claire interviene y decide competir por el dinero y el reloj de Nathan, que introduce en la apuesta para persuadir a Sligo de seguir compitiendo. Las horas pasan y Claire, a pesar de continuar bebiendo, no muestra estar ebria en ningún momento, Sligo cae agotado, Claire toma el dinero y despierta a Nathan.

Más tarde, en su apartamento, Nathan le comenta a Claire que "tirará la toalla". Sin embargo ella le dice que toda su vida anheló conocer a su padre biológico y admite su admiración por Nathan. Abandona el apartamento y se marcha, al día siguiente es alcanzada por Nathan, vestido en traje y sin su reloj, pero sí con la cadena de Claire; él entonces pregunta si ella desea que la lleve a algún lugar y Claire sonríe.

Angela en compañía de Peter llegan a una iglesia en Maracaibo para refugiarse. Una vez dentro, Angela le explica a Peter que necesita dormir para saber que es lo que deben hacer ahora. Ella entonces comienza a orar pero Peter aún se mantiene escéptico sobre lo que pueda suceder, el tiempo transcurre y los agentes entran en la iglesia buscando al par. Ellos se esconden, y Angela comienza a explicarle a Peter que antes ella quería ser maestra, pero que cuando su poder se manifestó comenzó a ver futuros sangrientos y catastróficos; de manera que eso la obligó a manipular y engañar a los demás por su propio bien. Un agente la encuentra, Noah, sin embargo, fingiendo no haber hallado nada se marcha. Más tarde Angela le dice a Peter que ha podido dormir y ya sabe lo que deben hacer. Entonces ella le explica que primero deben encontrar a Nathan y a Claire y más tarde irán a ver a su hermana.

Danko se ha apoderado por completo de la operación de Nathan; sin embargo él ve con mucha desesperación que sus agentes sean asesinados por un humano evolucionado que se burla de él y su gente. Noah entonces le sugiere que sea más específico cuando se trata del poder del individuo, sin embargo Danko no le presta mucha atención y se dirige a su auto. Allí él recibe la visita de nada más y nada menos que de Sylar. El asesino comienza a explicarle que él podría llegar a ayudarlo si así lo desea; Danko saca su arma solo para descubrir a Sylar que viene e intenta matar a Martin, pero Danko persuade de matarlo sin abrirle la cabeza. Él accede, más tarde cuando Noah llega al club ve asombrado lo que parece ser Sylar muerto; una mujer recoge el cuerpo y lo mete en una camioneta donde esta Danko. Una vez adentro, la mujer se transforma en Sylar.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
  en NBC.

Episodios de Héroes


Weather Change; What Weather Change?
The corporate-owned media has all but ignored the Louisiana flood disaster. Most people in the United States probably know little or nothing about it, but the destruction from the sudden dumping of two feet of rain in less than three days can be compared with Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy, except it has no name and did not involve a massive whirling storm with a name.
Another disaster story you may not know much about . . . most of the State of California is burning. The extreme drought has set up the state for an ongoing flaming disaster that is burning thousands of acres, destroying entire communities and leaving thousands of people homeless and destitute.
The biggest fire on this date (Aug. 18, 2016) is sweeping Cajon Pass. Called the Blue Cut Fire, it has forced the evacuation of 82,000 people, and has already engulfed 15,000 acres. Over 10,000 firefighters are currently battling eight different wildfires in the state.The smoke in the air is so thick that people all over California are seeking treatment for lung and health problems from the toxic atmosphere. Health officials are advising people, especially the sick and elderly, to remain indoors and wear face masks if possible.
In Louisiana the City of Baton Rouge was "utterly devastated" one report stated. Whole neighborhoods were washed away. Tens of thousands of people have been left homeless. Major highways and roads are left destroyed. Ninety percent of the homes in adjoining Denham Springs have been destroyed by flooding. Reports from many other communities are yet to be learned.
Authorities said such flooding is unprecedented in the area. An estimated 20,000 residents of Louisiana have lost their homes. About 10,000 are taking refuge in makeshift shelters.
While the rain has stopped, the rivers and streams are still rising from all of the runoff and the flooding is getting worse.
So what are you seeing on your nightly news this week? Its all about Trump, Michael Phelps and the Olympics, a few more shoot-outs with police, and the stock market. We don't want to forget about the stock market, something that affects only the one percent that gambles away their billions.


text:
British Friends Of Neve Shalom - Wahat Al-Salam
Ethics and values
Peace education
School for Peace and Conflict Transformation
Children's Educational System
Pluralistic Spiritual Centre (PSC)
Oasis of Peace is the English translation of the name of Neve Shalom in Hebrew and Wahat al-Salam in Arabic - NSWaS
Oasis of Peace UK supports the Educational Institutions of NSWaS - a unique intentional community of Jewish and Palestinian-Arab Israeli citizens, located midway between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem.
Based on the ethos of NSWaS, our mission is to advance social equity and cohesion in both Israel and the United Kingdom.
We fundraise and raise awareness through events, newsletters, presentations, talks, visits of delegates from the community. We make applications to Trusts, inter-governmental organisations and other bodies to fund particular projects.
NSWaS is a pioneering role-model for Palestinian-Arab/Jewish projects. Its educational system paved the way for the growing number of Jewish/Palestinian-Arab primary schools. At present there are six schools in Israel that follow the NSWaS model.
NSWaS stands as a testament against extremism; a living example of equality between Jews and Palestinian-Arabs; education for peace and shared citizenship.
To find out more information about NSWaS, their website is accessible here.
Published: 3rd May, 2019
Festive fun in the village
Staff and school children mark the festive season by decorating olive trees.
The 12th Annual Rueff Lecture with Professor Philippe Sands QC
We are delighted to bring you a recording of October's enthralling lecture from Professor Sands
Autumn at the School for Peace
In August we brought you news of the busy summer being enjoyed by the Neve Shalom-Wahat al-Salam School for Peace. With winter just around the corner we are now delighted to bring you an update on the school's autumn activities.
12th Annual Rueff Lecture with Professor Philippe Sands QC
New starters and familiar faces; we can't wait to introduce them to you!
The ethical background of the community was to create a place of peaceful co-existence between Palestinian and Jewish Israelis of the three Abrahamic faiths.
Devastating Fire Hits School For Peace
It is with great sadness that we share the news that during the night of Monday 31st August the School for Peace at Neve Shalom-Wahat al-Salam was devastated by fire.
In 1972 Father Bruno Hussar's dream of a place for the co-citizens of Israel to exist in harmony became a reality when the first couple came to join him on a barren and waterless hillside.
The School for Peace (SfP) assimilates the principles upon which WaSNS was founded in conducting courses and seminars for Arab and Jewish youth and adults in Israel and the Palestinian Autonomy.
Statement from Rita Boulos on Recent Events in Israel-Palestine
We are pleased to bring you this statement on recent events from the chair of the municipal council.
Recording of the 11th Annual Rueff Lecture with Bishop Rose Hudson-Wilkin
We are pleased to bring you the recording of Bishop Rose Hudson-Wilkin's Oasis of Peace UK 2020 Rueff Lecture
192B Station Road
Middx HA8 7AR


text:
Safety manager in Kingston coal ash spill cleanup admits workers denied respirators, masks
Jamie Satterfield
Tom Bock, the man tapped by TVA to keep workers cleaning up the nation's largest coal ash spill safe, wasn't about to give one of those laborers a respirator — even if a doctor said it was needed to protect their health.
"I'm not a pharmacist, and Jacobs (Engineering) isn't a pharmacy, and I don't think TVA is either, so I don't think they really care whether somebody has a prescription or not," Bock said in a sworn deposition obtained by USA TODAY NETWORK —Tennessee.
Bock, a Knoxville resident, was tasked by Jacobs Engineering to serve as safety manager for the firm as it oversaw the $1 billion cleanup of the 5.4 million cubic yards of coal ash that spilled out of a dike at the TVA Kingston Fossil Fuel Power Plant in Roane County in December 2008.
He said TVA, which hired Jacobs, asked him to be the agency's safety manager, too, as the years-long cleanup progressed.
Bock is accused in a lawsuit of denying workers protective gear such as dust masks and respirators and lying to them about the dangers of wet coal ash and dry fly ash. Two years after the cleanup ended, at least 24 workers are dead. Dozens more are dying.
More than 50 of the dying and survivors of the dead are suing Jacobs Engineering. They can't sue TVA because that agency — with EPA approval — put Jacobs in charge of the clean up.
Report: Arsenic levels high in Kingston fly ash
Bock says he didn't know if fly ash was dangerous when he went to work at the site in 2009.
"We didn't necessarily bring the expertise to the table about fly ash," he said in his deposition.
Bock did not return a phone message left with his current employer, Strata-G.
The Tennessee Department of Energy and Conservation said samples of wet and dry fly ash taken from the cleanup site proved it was dangerous.
"The ash does contain metals and radioactive material," an agency report filed in 2009 stated.
The report said fly ash was particularly dangerous because all those toxic chemicals and metals in the wet stuff became concentrated in small particles that lodged in the lungs when the ash dried. That mirrors an EPA report made public two years earlier.
Samples of fly ash taken from the site — where laborers toiled without protective breathing gear — showed levels of arsenic more than 36 times higher than nearby dirt.
TDEC opined an occasional "accidental" exposure to the fly ash wouldn't cause immediate harm, but it said nothing about prolonged exposure — such as that experienced by workers. TDEC warned citizens to stay away from the ash and wash — thoroughly — if exposed to it.
TDEC wasn't tasked with warning workers.
The EPA won't say whether worker safety fell on its shoulders. The EPA seized control of the site, designating it a so-called superfund disaster, but ceded authority to TVA. Part of the terms of the EPA-approved cleanup safety plan included the rights of workers to wear masks or respirators.
Jacobs, TVA at odds over responsibility
But Bock said in his deposition that provision didn't mean what it said on paper. He admitted workers complained of breathing problems and began asking for masks and respirators — at least 25 of them as he recalled. But he said workers who wanted to wear protective breathing gear needed to prove the fly ash was hurting them.
"(If)I had 25 people tell me they just got back from the moon, it doesn't necessarily mean that I'm going to believe them because all of those people told me that," he said. "And so I have to have some evidence, some results, some science to back that up."
He contends in his deposition it was TVA that nixed protective gear. His sworn testimony mirrors that of Gary McDonald, a TVA supervisor over the spill.
McDonald has said in a deposition he refused to give a worker a respirator even though the worker had a prescription for one and told the worker he had "no job" for him if he needed one.
Bock said TVA talked to complaining workers and had them evaluated. None of the other TVA supervisors who testified in depositions recalled that, though. Most said they didn't even know workers were complaining or asking for gear.
Bock said TVA relied upon readings from fly ash monitors at the site to determine if it was dangerous enough to merit a respirator or mask. But a USA TODAY NETWORK -Tennessee story revealed secret video footage of fly ash being dumped from those monitors before they were packaged for testing.
TVA stays silent
TVA won't talk about it — the workers, the conditions, the allegations or even the words of its own supervisors captured in depositions. Spokesman Scott Brooks cited the lawsuits as cause for the agency's silence. TVA is not being sued, though. Jacobs is.
TVA Inspector General Richard W. Moore headed up a probe of the spill soon after it happened. His report, issued in 2009, lambasted TVA not only for causing the spill but "spinning" the public in the aftermath and minimizing the risk of coal ash exposure.
Moore, who has been tapped by President Donald Trump to serve as a U.S. Attorney in Alabama, remains inspector general for now. Asked whether he would or has launched a review of TVA's role in protecting workers, his office demurred.
"In order to safeguard the outcome of any potential investigation, our office can neither confirm nor deny if one exists," an email stated.
Roane County's top prosecutor, Russell Johnson, wants a criminal probe by the TBI and the federal government. He said he's still researching his authority to initiate one. The U.S. Attorney's Office has declined to comment.
Mayor unconvinced of workers' stories
TVA paid Roane County more than $40 million for lost "economic development" as a result of the spill. Roane County Mayor Ron Woody said in an interview the workers aren't his concern. He said he's not sure if they're telling the truth or even if coal ash is dangerous.
Asked if he would "eat a pound a day" of coal ash — a claim Bock is captured in a recording making to workers as something they could safely — Woody responded, "I wouldn't eat a pound of hot dogs either. I wouldn't eat a pound of anything. We're all exposed to chemicals every day."
But he does want to assure the public the soccer fields and other recreational areas TVA donated to the Swan Pond Community as payback for the spill is free of coal ash.
"There's nothing there," he said. "I'm not sure there was anything there. If you overlay photographs, I don't think the coal ash got that high."
Four workers who toiled directly in building up the soccer fields told USA TODAY NETWORK -Tennessee there was ash on some of that land, but they dug out most of it before covering it with truckloads of "clean" dirt.
Unlike Woody, TVA's Brooks did not assert there was never ash on that land. Instead, he said whatever was there was removed.
"Any ash that was on the areas now being turned into recreation spaces by the county was REMOVED and returned to the failed cell," he said.


text:
Isolation Mixes
DJ Dropz
"Having grown up in the scene in Manchester from the start of the early 90s watching the birth of jungle and DnB I was soon hooked on the sound becoming a fan of Hip hop, Rap, Reggae, Dance and rave.
I learned to DJ with a group of friends where we did a few private partys that then led to a playing in a few clubs. It was a real buzz at that time in the record stores and around the city. Life eventually took over and turned into a mere hobby at that time.
After a long break I relocated to Inverness and thought about getting back into my music. I decided to purchase a set of cheap decks and created a mix which I sent on to a certain local legend Ryan Mclean aka (Dj Ryz) who at the time was doing a night called 'Urban Meltdown' with Ally Ridgers and close friend Rab Hamill aka (Raboon).
They let me have a play and I soon got the thirst back. Shortly after that myself and Rab started a night called 'Highland Junglists' doing something that no other night was doing at the time, raw jungle music. We had some great nights in and out of the city, where we played Belladrum festival and also supported the legendary 'Goldie' at the ironworks. Although this night still exists it's taking a wee sleep for now to move onto other ventures… but watch this space for new events!
I also featured on Fridub nights as a resident DJ set up by Rab Hamill supprting artists like Rudy Alba and Mungos Hifi, playing Global Reggae bar in Ibiza which was a blast!
In-between this time, me and a good friend who at the time were playing with the Highland Junglists as a dubstep and DnB DJ decided to start a night called 'Digitized' which was an infusion of party bangers geared for festival lovers. The highlight of this was smashing the mothers ruin @ Belladrum which was great fun.
I am currently featuring now on 'Illicit' DnB nights, a group created by myself and some friends with the same music interests. Illicit has already been causing a stir with our no nonsense tune selection and will continue to deliver good beats to the dnb fans in the city and surrounding areas.
The story goes on…………….." DJ Dropz
© 2022 Shenanigan Inverness. All Rights Reserved.


With loans, you can access from $1000-$25000 with no trouble. Also you can choose payment approach according to your convenience. As evaluate to secured personal loans, nevertheless, the rates of interest would not be low. Some time that banks usually opt to pay loans off, is between 1 to 10 years. This prospect works for anyone aswell who don't maintain a record that is good in terms of repaying loans. Due to undesirable behavior of nonpayment of mortgage, they are named delayed loan payers, CCJs, IVAs etc. when they go for internet loans, they will reduce the hassle of security and resource identification.
In order to obtain loans on the internet, that you do not have to distribute files and credit score files. By utilizing internet loans you can even steer clear of the extended and annoying means of credit checking. The excess availability of 'payback period' allows you to maintain an economic environment that is continual. This is actually answer for all your monetary requirements and troubles and the fastest technique.
When it comes to fast online loans, the typical sum taken out by Americans stages from $300 to $500 which will helps link the space before next salary comes their approach. These providing fast cash generally demand a flat cost of $15 per $100 consumed which works out to become a serious fair add up to pay off.
To be able to keep pay day loan creditors at the bottom of the set of available cash choices the other choice would be to develop your credit history. People who have small or poor credit tend to have these lenders towards the top of the list since most others will fall a software because of the bad credit history.
You are permitted to properly manage your money together with the aid of this unsecured loan because it does give advantages, among which is a fair interest-rate when comparing to different online fast money lenders to you. This is another alternative for combination and never have to make an application for another credit card where the rates of interest may be much higher, as a way to set your entire balances into one. A combination is only one solution ofcourse, the money is there for you yourself to use it however you need it. However, since many people are presently under-water of having a lot of bills, occasionally missing funds for those trying to relieve that burden in terms, this may be a low-awareness option.
It is too early to create your credit rating your focus. Retain your entire economic possibilities as opposed to counting on the direct payday lenders lenders, open. You are able to bounce back using a plan and reliable motion towards it. Remember the five components that are used-to figure the report. Consideration is needed by each one as a way to build or rebuild your credit. These five facets will help preserve you from requiring payday loan lenders down the road, even although you have superior credit rightnow.
Carry on a second vacation. Nothing might be more affectionate than going on a honeymoon for that second-time around. Who claims vacation is for newly weds just? So long as you spot couple, you have most of the right to observe your love everywhere and anytime you need. Consequently save up, approach your vacation, and luxuriate in your old love on your anniversary.
Cash Loan Online – Solve Financial Crisis .
Precisely The Difference Between Some Tax Lien Together With Levy?


independente do corpo que você tenha. se ame acima de tudo. ❤❤❤❤ Black/withe or Collor .
We don't grow when things are easy, we grow when things are difficult.
Léa, Gabin et Jade, pour MONOPRIX été 2019. ⛱.
Yorgun argın da olsam, keyifsiz de olsam çıktığım kapılarda batan güneş gözümü alıyorsa dur derim.
Is it love ? .
Kim sikiyo belli koçumm 😂 .
В жизни нет большего удовольствия , чем преодолевать трудности и продвигаться вперёд по пути успеха , ставя перед собой новые цели и радуясь их достижению. Того, кто трудится во имя благой и великой цели , вначале питает надежда , а потом радость.
Shahrukh Ki Saaliyan coming very soon to #GeoEntertainment ❤ It is surely going to be a treat to watch with these two talented cuties together in lead roles, and even bigger treat to watch Ahsan in a comic role after so long! 😍 @khanahsanofficial @ramshakhanofficial #shahrukhkisaaliyan #7thskyentertainment .
.Le domeniche... Quelle belle 😊 .
Contamos con entregas personales en #tijuana .


text:
Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science
Living Edition
| Editors: Todd K. Shackelford, Viviana A. Weekes-Shackelford
Benefits of Commitment and Marriage
Corry Gellatly
Living reference work entry
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_222-1
Download entry PDF
Conjugality; Fidelity; Loyalty; Mating; Pair-bonding
Commitment and marriage are human behaviors that occur in the context of family formation, sexual fidelity and cohabitation.
There are a number of benefits of pair-bonding and sexual commitment, which may have favored the evolution of monogamous and polygynous marriage systems: (1) marriage enables mate guarding, which, for men, helps to ensure paternity of the children that they commit to rearing and for women secures the resources, protection, and labor of a man; (2) pair-bonding enables reciprocal division of labor in the rearing of children, thereby optimizing the investment of parental care by each sex; (3) sexual intercourse is a powerful route for transmission of disease, which has selected against promiscuity and favored having one or a few sexual partners; (4) pair-bonding enables a reciprocal care relationship, which promotes good health and longevity.
Why Marriage?
There is much flexibility in the human mating system, with examples of monogamous, polygynous, polyandrous, heterosexual, and homosexual relationships in different cultures throughout history. However, in most cultures, we find some formal rules around the union of men and women, which we may describe as marriage. In many societies, particularly in Africa, the Middle-East, and Muslim parts of Asia, polygynous marriage is allowed, whereas in much of the rest of the world, polygyny is discouraged or illegal and marriage is a monogamous commitment. In recent years, it has been allowed for individuals of the same sex to become married in some countries, but historically, marriage has meant a commitment between a man and a woman, in which obligations of sexual, emotional, and financial loyalty are entered into.
It is often said that marriage is an institution, in reference to its central role in the structure and organization of societies. It is typical for children to be raised in a household which is headed by a married couple and often for those children to leave the household when they themselves enter into a marriage. It is also seen that factors linked to social status, such as wealth and employment, affect the desirability of individuals in the marriage market (Goldman 1993; South 1991). However, biological factors, such as health, age, and height, may be much more important to the choice of a marriage partner (Kiernan 1988; Lipowicz 2014). It is likely that much of the decision-making about a potential marriage partner occurs at a subconscious level, for example, individuals may evaluate the level of genetic similarity or dissimilarity in a potential partner through their body odor (Kromer et al. 2016; Roberts et al. 2008).
Taking an evolutionary perspective, we may assume that the organizational structure of society is to a large extent evolved, which is not to say that the institution of marriage has been hard coded into our genetic makeup via natural selection. It is to say that the social structures that currently exist have succeeded through the trials of many generations, with cultural institutions contributing to that evolution, but not necessarily dictating it. The evolutionary hypotheses that have been put forward in relation to marriage are here dealt with in turn:
Marriage Is a Form of Mate Guarding
In polygynous and monogamous marriage, other males are excluded from sexual encounters with the wife, thereby ensuring the paternity of the children that the husband commits to rearing. It is possible to view marriage as an institutionalized form of mate guarding, which has evolved because the most dominant males are the most successful when it comes to getting married, and it is in their interests to defend in law what might be viewed as the ultimate form of paternalism. But while there is evidence that healthier and more successful males are more likely to marry (e.g., Lipowicz 2014; Goldman 1993), it may be too simplistic to argue that males are the only ones who are mate guarding within marriages. It has also been argued that women practice mate guarding to secure the resources of their husband, as these are often vital for the rearing of children (Buss 2002).
In comparative studies, we find that monogamous species consistently show less dimorphism than polygynous ones, including in primates (e.g., Clutton-Brock 1985), most likely because males are not engaged in violent combat for access to mates in monogamously pairing species, as compared to polygynous ones. It has been argued, based on the fossil record, that sexual dimorphism declined over the course of human evolution, suggesting that a transition from polygyny to monogamy may have begun prior to the evolution of Homo sapiens (Lovejoy 1981). A difficulty with this argument is that polygyny does occur in many human societies, although it may not necessarily be the dominant form of marriage, with many monogamous marriages also occurring within such societies (White et al. 1988).
An issue to consider with mate guarding is that it can imply that one partner is exerting control over the behavior of the other to enforce their loyalty. In these circumstances, it may be in the interests of the guarded partner to circumvent the enforcement and seek extramarital partners. The question of how human behavior is evolved to deal with these issues is an active area of research in evolutionary psychology (e.g., Buss and Shackelford 1997; Shackelford et al. 2006).
Marriage Facilitates Reciprocal Division of Labor in the Raising of Children
The raising of children requires investment of time, energy, and resources – the same time, energy, and resources that are required for one's own survival and well-being. In economic theory, it has been argued that there is a quality-quantity trade-off in the raising of children, whereby parents face a choice of having more children or investing more in fewer children (Becker 1960; Becker and Lewis 1973). The principle that humans must raise socially competitive offspring means that parents must balance family size against offspring success (Lawson and Mace 2011). If we also take into account sexual selection – whereby individuals of the highest perceived quality are those who gain the greatest reproductive success – we see the importance of investing in the development of children. For parents, the question is how to provision children with an optimal level of investment while still producing enough children that the risks of not leaving any genetic heirs are too high.
It has been argued that humans would never have evolved without the combined effort of males and females to raise children, given the very long phase of infancy and the demand that this places on parents (Hrdy 2011). This is also the argument put forward by Fortunato and Archetti (2010) based on inclusive fitness theory-that monogamous marriage is an evolutionarily stable strategy for the allocation of resources to the next generation, promoting the survival of offspring by not fragmenting inherited resources. The importance of female choice and faithfulness in the development of monogamous pair-bonding systems (as compared to promiscuous mating systems) is emphasized by Gavrilets (2012), because providing for a female and her offspring becomes a viable strategy for low-ranked males to increase their reproductive success.
Marriage Reduces Transmission of Diseases Through Sexual Intercourse
The close proximity and exchange of bodily fluids involved in sexual intercourse is a powerful means by which human diseases are transmitted. There are numerous examples of bacterial (e.g., gonorrhea and syphilis) and viral sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) (e.g., genital herpes, hepatitis, and HIV). The impact of STDs ranges from irritation to premature death, with many causing chronic debilitation, infertility, and even damage to unborn children. It is for this reason that natural selection may favor monogamous over promiscuous behavior, simply because those with a tendency for promiscuity suffer higher mortality and morbidity through disease (Bauch and McElreath 2016).
In smaller groups, with a small degree of mixing with other groups, disease transmission would have been less of a problem, as may promiscuity, but as the human ancestor transitioned to a bipedal ape, able to cover long distances and make contact with far flung groups, the potential for the transmission of disease would have increased, and we can hypothesize that less promiscuous behavior would have been favored by selection. In the modern world, STDs are abundant, and there is little doubt that promiscuity, including unprotected extramarital sex, increases the human disease burden (e.g., Reniers and Watkins 2010).
Marriage Is a Reciprocal Care Relationship
A number of studies have identified that married persons tend to live longer than singles (e.g., Hu and Goldman 1990; Lillard and Waite 1995), though the exact reasons for this are not clear. There are broadly two theories to explain the phenomenon. The first is that marriage itself has a protective effect on survival, through the support network and socioeconomic advantages that it brings. The second theory is that there is selection into marriage of individuals who are likely, even prior to marriage, to live longer, because of a high-quality genetic or physical profile, which also makes them attractive to the opposite sex.
It has proved very difficult to disentangle the protective effect of marriage from selection into marriage, because individuals move in and out of the married category, while the impact of becoming widowed or divorced may be more harmful to health and longevity than remaining as a lifetime single (Ben-Shlomo et al. 1993; Tucker et al. 1996). It appears, however, that marriage is more beneficial for men, in terms of its effect on longevity, particularly when men are married to younger women (Drefahl 2010; Foster et al. 1984; Gellatly and Störmer 2017).
Indications are that women exhibit a stronger preference for an older man in their first marriage than men do for a younger woman (Bozon 1991), which possibly relates to the desire for a "provider." However, it may be the case that women are choosing men who, having lived longer, have demonstrated their survival and their ability to acquire skills or wealth. It might similarly be in men's interest to select among older women, who have had longer to demonstrate their survival abilities, except that there is a shorter reproductive window for women, which causes men to select more heavily on traits associated with fertility.
The importance of family formation and raising of children is no doubt fundamental to the existence of marriage, but we must also consider that reduction of disease transmission, mate guarding, and reciprocal care are important contributory factors to the existence and benefit of marriage.
Bauch, C. T., & McElreath, R. (2016). Disease dynamics and costly punishment can foster socially imposed monogamy. Nature Communications, 7, 11219. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11219.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
Becker, G. S. (1960). An economic analysis of fertility. In J. F. Dusenberry & B. Okun (Eds.), Demographic and economic change in developed countries (pp. 209–240). New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Becker, G. S., & Lewis, H. G. (1973). On the interaction between the quantity and quality of children. Journal of Political Economy, 81(2), S279–S288. https://doi.org/10.2307/1840425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben-Shlomo, Y., Smith, G. D., Shipley, M., & Marmot, M. G. (1993). Magnitude and causes of mortality differences between married and unmarried men. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 47(3), 200–205. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.47.3.200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bozon, M. (1991). Women and the age gap between spouses: An accepted domination? Population: An English Selection, 3, 113–148.Google Scholar
Buss, D. M. (2002). Human mate guarding. Neuro Endocrinology Letters, 23(Suppl 4), 23–29.PubMedGoogle Scholar
Buss, D. M., & Shackelford, T. K. (1997). From vigilance to violence: Mate retention tactics in married couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(2), 346–361. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.72.2.346.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
Clutton-Brock, T. H. (1985). Size, sexual dimorphism, and polygyny in primates. In W. L. Jungers (Ed.), Size and scaling in primate biology (pp. 51–60). Boston: Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3647-9_4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drefahl, S. (2010). How does the age gap between partners affect their survival? Demography, 47(2), 313–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fortunato, L., & Archetti, M. (2010). Evolution of monogamous marriage by maximization of inclusive fitness. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 23(1), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2009.01884.x.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
Foster, D., Klinger-Vartabedian, L., & Wispe, L. (1984). Male longevity and age differences between spouses. Journal of Gerontology, 39(1), 117–120. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/39.1.117.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
Gavrilets, S. (2012). Human origins and the transition from promiscuity to pair-bonding. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(25), 9923–9928. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1200717109.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
Gellatly, C., & Störmer, C. (2017). How does marriage affect length of life? Analysis of a French historical dataset from an evolutionary perspective. Evolution and Human Behavior, 38(4), 536–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2017.02.002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldman, N. (1993). Marriage selection and mortality patterns: Inferences and fallacies. Demography, 30(2), 189–208. https://doi.org/10.2307/2061837.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
Hrdy, S. B. (2011). Mothers and others: The evolutionary origins of mutual understanding. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press.Google Scholar
Hu, Y., & Goldman, N. (1990). Mortality differentials by marital status: An international comparison. Demography, 27(2), 233–250. https://doi.org/10.2307/2061451.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
Kiernan, K. E. (1988). Who remains celibate? Journal of Biosocial Science, 20(3), 253–264. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932000006593.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
Kromer, J., Hummel, T., Pietrowski, D., Giani, A. S., Sauter, J., Ehninger, G., …, & Croy, I. (2016). Influence of HLA on human partnership and sexual satisfaction. Scientific Reports, 6, 32550. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32550.
Lawson, D. W., & Mace, R. (2011). Parental investment and the optimization of human family size. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 366(1563), 333–343. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0297.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
Lillard, L. A., & Waite, L. J. (1995). Til death do us part: Marital disruption and mortality. American Journal of Sociology, 100, 1131–1156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipowicz, A. (2014). Some evidence for health-related marriage selection. American Journal of Human Biology, 26(6), 747–752. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22588.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
Lovejoy, C. O. (1981). The origin of man. Science, 211(4480), 341–350. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.211.4480.341.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
Reniers, G., & Watkins, S. (2010). Polygyny and the spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A case of benign concurrency. AIDS, 24(2), 299–307. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAD.0b013e328333af03.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
Roberts, S. C., Gosling, L. M., Carter, V., & Petrie, M. (2008). MHC-correlated odour preferences in humans and the use of oral contraceptives. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 275(1652), 2715–2722. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.0825.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
Shackelford, T. K., Goetz, A. T., Guta, F. E., & Schmitt, D. P. (2006). Mate guarding and frequent in-pair copulation in humans. Human Nature, 17(3), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-006-1007-x.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
South, S. J. (1991). Sociodemographic differentials in mate selection preferences. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53(4), 928. https://doi.org/10.2307/352998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tucker, J. S., Friedman, H. S., Wingard, D. L., & Schwartz, J. E. (1996). Marital history at midlife as a predictor of longevity: Alternative explanations to the protective effect of marriage. Health Psychology, 15(2), 94–101. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.15.2.94.CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
White, D. R., Betzig, L., Mulder, M. B., Chick, G., Hartung, J., Irons, W., …, & Spencer, P. (1988). Rethinking polygyny: Co-wives, codes, and cultural systems [and comments and reply]. Current Anthropology, 29(4), 529–572. https://doi.org/10.1086/203674.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1.University of LeicesterLeicesterUK
Section editors and affiliations
Tara DeLecce
1.Department of PsychologyOakland UniversityRochesterUSA
Cite this entry as:
Gellatly C. (2018) Benefits of Commitment and Marriage. In: Shackelford T., Weekes-Shackelford V. (eds) Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science. Springer, Cham
JabRef
Received 06 March 2018
eBook Packages Behavioral Science and Psychology
Type for suggestions
About this reference work
Binocular Disparity
Biology of Human Gender, The
Biosemiotics
Biosociology
Biosociology of Dominance and Deference
Biparental Care
Bipedal Locomotion
Bird Clutch Size
Bird Tool Use
Birth Order and Parental Investment
Birth Order and Sibling Relationships
Birth Spacing and Birth Order
Birthing Complications
Birthrights and Bloodlines
Blood Sharing by Vampire Bats


text:
Title Carotid Artery Calcifications Can Be Identified on Panoramic Radiographs and May Assist in Early Detection of Cardiovascular Disease
Clinical Question Can the risk of cardiovascular disease be predicted by the identification of cervical calcifications on dental panoramic radiographs?
Clinical Bottom Line Cervical atheromatous plaques can be identified on panoramic radiographs as carotid artery calcifications and may be the first clinical sign that a patient has cardiovascular disease.
#1) 25232373 Alves, N et. al/2014 Prevalence: 31 studies with 35,110 subjects. Reliability: 7 articles with 430 subjects. Review of Literature
Key results Prevalence of 0.43% to 9.4% was reported in the general population, and was much higher at 38.8% for subjects with systemic disease. Of the 7 studies accounting for reliability of panoramic radiographs to detect common carotid artery calcification, a wide variation of sensitivity (22.2%-79.8%) and specificity (36.8%-90%) were reported, and the authors concluded that "calcified atheroma in the common carotid artery can be demonstrated in panoramic radiograph, and this is an important tool for early detection…" of the calcifications.
Evidence Search (calcified carotid arteries AND panoramic radiography AND Review[ptyp]) MeSH Terms: radiography, panoramic; carotid arteries Publication Type: review
The Evidence Validity: The prevalence range is acceptable due to the large subject pool studied from a broad 33-year range. The reliability statistics varied widely, which may be due to differences in sample sizes and the application of different gold standard measurements (Doppler, color ultrasound, magnetic resonance angiography, subtraction angiography and computed tomography." Perspective: Due to the variations in populations studied and their confounding variables, no clear prevalence rate was established, but rather a range. The varied reliability data led the authors to their conclusion, but no suggestion was made to replace the gold standard diagnostic assessment of carotid artery stenosis with panoramic radiography. However, there was enough evidence to suggest that the appearance of carotid artery calcifications on panoramic radiographs warrants referral for positive diagnosis by a cardiologist. The only exclusion criteria used was if an article did not have an abstract or if it was a case report. More specific inclusion and exclusion criteria could have narrowed the scope of this review and provided for more definitive prevalence and reliability.
Applicability The presence of atheromatous plaque in the common carotid arteries is "associated with greater severity of coronary artery disease and also stroke". Possession of a high index of suspicion due to the prevalence rates reported will guide dentists to evaluate panoramic radiographs, a frequently utilized diagnostic aid in dentistry, for cervical calcifications, identify the incidental findings as potentially pathologic (common carotid artery calcification) or a normal variation of anatomy (calcified triticeous or thyroid cartilage, ligament or lymph node) and confidently refer their patient to cardiology for evaluation and definitive therapy.
Specialty/Discipline (Public Health) (Oral Medicine/Pathology/Radiology) (Endodontics) (General Dentistry) (Oral Surgery) (Periodontics) (Prosthodontics) (Restorative Dentistry)
Keywords Carotid Artery; Common Carotid Artery; Calcification; Panoramic Radiograph; Cervical Calcification
E-mail hershbergers@livemail.uthscsa.edu
Author Sean Hershberger DDS


text:
<?php
# $Id$
# Multi-line data labels, TTF at -30 deg
# This is a parameterized test. See the script named at the bottom for details.
$tp = array(
  'suffix' => ', TTF @ -30 deg',           # Title part 2
  'angle' => -30,          # Label text angle
  );
require 'multiline-label.php';


text:
Q: SQL subqueries coding style How to make this subqueries  to good-looking code? And I looking guides about SQL optimization and code style.
 SELECT foo FROM table WHERE foo_id IN
    (
    SELECT idchild FROM table2 WHERE idparent IN
    (SELECT idchild FROM table2 WHERE idparent IN
    (SELECT idchild FROM table2 WHERE idparent = @id)
    ))
 AND txt_type ='some_cat'

A: Try :
   Select a.foo,b.idchild from Table as a inner join table2 as b
   on a.foo_id=b.idchild and b.idparent=@id  AND a.txt_type ='some_cat'

A: For better performance and readability, do this:
select t4.foo
from table2 t1
join table2 t2 on t2.idparent = t1.idchild
join table2 t3 on t3.idparent = t2.idchild
join table t4 on t4.foo_id = t3.idchild and t4.txt_type ='some_cat'
where t1.idparent = @id

Notice how the first table selected from has an indexed predicate in the where clause. This query will use indexed access all the way through the query and be very efficient.
Also notice how I moved the predicate for txt_type into the on clause, where it can be applied at the time the row is read, rather than after the joins have been assembled.

A: Either use Praveen's solution or following one. Both are properly optimized.
SELECT foo
FROM   table1
WHERE  EXISTS (SELECT 1
               FROM   table2
               WHERE  idparent = @id
                      AND table2.idchild = table1.foo_id)
       AND txt_type = 'some_cat'


text:
Pasifika students return to the Fale in first Samoan architecture symposium
6 September 2018 Kate Palmer
It's hoped that emerging Pacific Island architectural talent will find a deep connection to their culture during a three-day immersive workshop later this month.
That's certainly the outcome organiser Carinnya Feaunati, WSP Opus Architectural Graduate is hoping for.
"Cultural changes in the Pacific mean there is a real risk of losing knowledge around traditional design as there isn't the younger generation willing to learn the skills and craft. By introducing Pacific architectural students, who are informal training, to traditional learning we can start to bridge the gap of generational knowledge," she says.
Earlier this year Carinnya secured funding from the US Embassy in Canberra after her proposal to run the first Samoan Architecture Talanoa (Workshop) was accepted.
The Talanoa will see 14 students from Unitec travel to Samoa to participate in a three-day symposium which includes workshops with Tufuga Faufale (traditional master carpenters), insights into climate change, and impact on the built environment.
"This Talanoa isn't about churning out future architects to keep designing with distinctive pacific typologies. We're looking to foster a cross-cultural and generational movement that will see future Pacific architects and designers rooted in their cultural origins, whether they are designing a future Fale Samoa or the next Eiffel Tower."
Carinnya expects the impact of attending the Talanoa to be long-term for attendees but has also factored in a more immediate outcome. Those participating in the workshop will be collaborating on the design for a Malumalu to be built in the village of Poutasi.
"Malumalu signify places of social, cultural and spiritual significance. In pre-colonial times, they were used to honour war gods and since then this honour has been transferred to the church. In this case, the Malumalu will memorise the impacts of the 2009 earthquake and tsunami on Poutasi, with the design acknowledging the disaster's influence on the local culture and way of life."
Carinnya says local experts are excited about the opportunity to share their knowledge of Samoan architecture with the visiting students.
For more information, contact Kate.Palmer@wsp-opus.co.nz
Connect with Carinnya on LinkedIn


text:
Success: Down to earth focus earns growing revenue
10 Apr, 2011 09:30 PM 4 minutes to read
More revenue means Grasslanz can fund more research, says John Caradus. Photo / Christine Cornege
Research and development business specialises in NZ's key crop - grass.
Palmerston North company Grasslanz Technology is flourishing in the space between science and commercialisation.
The firm has made a name for itself creating and licensing intellectual property (IP) for pasture seeds: its latest licence is for a type of grass that deters birds.
The biotechnology, developed by scientists at Government-owned AgResearch, involves fungi called endophytes that, on contact with grass, produce a compound which repels birds, some insects and grazing animals. Grasslanz has licensed it to PGG Wrightson Seeds, and Christchurch, Hamilton and Auckland airports have planted it along runways to help prevent collisions between birds and aircraft.
Grasslanz' role is to "join the dots" between technology and the companies prepared to commercialise it, says chief executive Dr John Caradus. A small subsidiary of AgResearch - it employs just 12 people, including a business manager in the United States - it can get products to market faster than the larger government-owned organisation.
A former plant breeder for the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Caradus says much of his job simply requires "good personal chemistry" and involves building trust and understanding "that we're in it for [customers'] good as much as anything".
Identifying commercial partners who are prepared to invest and put skin in the game can be challenging, he says.
"They have to be convinced there is value in the new innovation or product. Timing is an issue. They're in it for long haul and there's a huge cost for them taking new product to market, so they have to be sure it's worth it at this stage. We work hard to demonstrate the value."
Scientists, mostly from AgResearch, approach Grasslanz with their ideas. Grasslanz then helps fund further development of those ideas and ensures the IP is protected from competitors with patents, trademarks and plant variety rights. By retaining partial or full ownership of the IP, the company maintains the value of the products it licenses.
In last year's NZ Trade & Enterprise International Business Awards, Grasslanz won the Best use of Intellectual Property category.
The company has 14 patents in 14 countries, 15 trademarks in five countries, and 185 plant variety rights applications or grants in six countries - "pretty exceptional" statistics for a New Zealand company, says Caradus - and earns royalty revenue in places including Australia, the United States, Europe and South America. Grasslanz also has a joint venture with PGG Wrightson Seeds, in the form of Grasslands Innovation, which develops forage plant breeds exclusively for that company.
It also earns a good income from the four-leaf clover seeds it has licensed to a Japanese company. The trait that produced such clover was discovered unintentionally, but "no-one could work out how to make money out of it", says Caradus.
Then, in 2009, a Japanese seed company approached Grasslanz about the seed, and bought the licence for sale in Japan.
A kilo of four-leaf clover seed now earns Grasslanz probably a hundred times the profit that it gets from a kilo of normal white clover seed, Caradus reckons.
The economic downturn of the past few years has been challenging, says Caradus, who took the helm at Grasslanz in 2006, and there has been less demand for seed from farmers. However the company's revenue growth has been 15 per cent year-on-year for the past five to six years and is now "approaching $10 million".
This growth has meant more freedom to take risks and to "fund more of the R in R&D", he says. Research into grass endophytes has shown they could be useful in other plant species, such as cereals, potentially a "huge" market, says Caradus.
Grasslanz aims to use a $50,000 grant from the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology to fund further investigation in that area. The company also plans to exploit AgResearch's expertise in biotechnology to develop forage grasses that help improve animal health, preventing problems such as bloat.
According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation, the world needs to produce 70 per cent more food for the projected 2.3 billion extra people by 2050, providing a growing market for anything that makes agriculture more efficient.
Success: Hooking on to a winning formula
31 Oct, 2010 04:30 PM Quick Read
Success: The science behind the branding
23 Jan, 2011 04:30 PM Quick Read
Success: Health guinea pigs now lead world
Awards for central firms
25 Apr, 2011 05:30 PM Quick Read


I've never put together a proper CV. I've always felt too busy to build one, frankly. Here's where I'll start correcting that, but it'll grow gradually, as I come across (remember) things I've done.
Wringing Out Light: Poems & Prayers at St. Stephen's Episcopal Church, Houston, TX under the Breath & Bone/Orts Performance banner, three performances, July 19-21.
"In Memory, In Silence" in Saint Katherine Review, Volume 3 Numbers 3 & 4.


text:
Send Flowers for Ronald
Ronald E. "Ron" DiCarlo, Sr.
February 6, 1945 ~ August 11, 2019 (age 74)
Ronald E. "Ron" DiCarlo, Sr., 74, of Mingo Junction, OH, passed away Sunday August 11, 2019 in the Valley Hospice Care Center North, Steubenville, OH.
He was born February 6, 1945 in Steubenville, OH, a son of the late Frank J. and Geraldine S. "Jerry" (Cox) DiCarlo. In addition to his parents, he was preceded in death by two brothers, Gary and Randy DiCarlo.
Ron retired from Wheeling Pittsburgh Steel where he worked for 33 years. He was the owner of the former DiCarlo's Market in Mingo Junction for 15 years and he also built and established the Dollar General store on Paps Lane in Mingo. Ron served his country for 4 years in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve. He was the former Mayor of the Village of Mingo Junction. He was a member of the Schutzen Club in Mingo and enjoyed traveling and fishing. Ron loved rooting for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Pittsburgh Steelers. Mostly Ron enjoyed spending time with his grandkids and family, his family was everything to him.
Surviving are his wife, Pamela (Figel) DiCarlo, whom he married August 20, 1966; a son, Ronald E. DiCarlo, Jr. of Mingo Junction, OH; two daughters, Heather (Michael) Crawford of Westerville, OH and Tracy L. DiCarlo and her companion Dimas Cintron of Mingo Junction, OH; two sisters, Marlene (Frank) Fuscardo of Steubenville, OH and Bonnie Lou (Gary) DiLoreto of Ft. Meyers, FL; and five grandchildren, Michael, Micah and Aubriana DiCarlo and Ashley and Gabrielle Crawford.
Friends will be received at the Wheeler Funeral Home, 101 Longview Ave., Mingo Junction on Thursday from 4-8 p.m. Graveside services with military honors at Oakland Cemetery will be private.
Memorial contributions may be directed in Ron's memory to Valley Hospice, Inc., 10686 State Route 150, Rayland, OH 43943.
Offer condolences at www.wheelerfuneralhomes.com.
To send flowers to Ronald's family, please visit our floral section.
101 Longview Avenue
Mingo Junction, OH 43938