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Home > Salvador Allende
Tag: Salvador Allende
Published May 24, 2019 by Genyc79
Neruda: The Biography of a Poet – Mark Eisner
On September 11, 1973, Chilean President Salvador Allende was overthrown through a CIA backed coup, that resulted in the seizure of power by General Augusto Pinochet. The removal of Allende satisfied the Nixon Administration which had seen the democratic election of Allende as a threat to the Western Hemisphere. To Washington, it was inconceivable to think that the events in Cuba were spreading across Latin America. The consensus was clear, Allende had to be removed. McCarthyism and the red scare led to anyone having left-leaning political views to be branded as a communist determined to see the fall of Capitalism. Among Allende's supporters was Chile's national poet, Pablo Neruda (1904-193). Twelve days after Allende's removal and death, Neruda died after a long battle with pancreatic cancer. He was sixty-nine years old. Forty-five years later, his poetry is still beloved in Chile and other parts of the world. And he is recognized as being one of the world's greatest poets. I had heard of Neruda before and have been fortunate enough to visit Chile. It is a unique country and there is something special about it which is not easy to put into words. Chile truly is a place you have to see in person, to experience Chilean culture and travel through Patagonia. I admit that I did not know much about Neruda's life, so when I saw this biography in my recommendation list, I did not hesitate to buy it and start reading nearly instantly. And what I have learned is more than I could have ever imagined.
Mark Eisner has researched Neruda's life and has compiled a biography that is nothing short of outstanding. Surely, Neruda took some things with him to the grave as all great figures do. But his large volume of work, speeches and other writings have survived, and they would all help Eisner in what was a monumental task. Neruda's story begins in 1904, an era remotely differently from the era in which we currently live. Eisner has recreated early 1900s Chile and first tells us the story of Neruda's parents. His father, José del Carmen Reyes Morales, is a central character in the story and the beginning of the book focuses on his life before Neruda enters the picture. On July 12, 1904, the story changed for good, when his wife Rosa gave birth to a happy baby boy, Ricardo Eliecer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto, the future Pablo Neruda. The young child enters a world that is marred by affairs, illegitimate children, strict social class and backbreaking work on the railroad which in some cases proved to be deadly. Neruda would inherit some of his father's nefarious traits and the would cause him consternation and scandal in his own life. And through his poetry, he allowed the world to read his emotions. But what many did not know then and may not know now, is that there was also a very dark side to the famed poet.
Eisner does not shy away from Neruda's failings and when necessary, uses Neruda's own words to drive home the point. As I read the book, there were some points at which I shook my head in both shock and disgust. In fact, there are several parts of the book that may prove to be upsetting to female readers. Incredibly, Neruda was able to compartmentalize his life and the ease in which he discarded those around him was quite frankly, disturbing. To the public, he was the rising poet and Eisner follows his developing career which threatened to place him in poverty. But through a series of events, blessed with luck, Neruda persevered and went on to create poetry that has changed the lives of millions of people. But what Eisner also shows, is the two sides of Neruda which were unable to be reconciled and a poet struggling with his own happiness while at the same time, oblivious to the errors of his ways.
Neruda was an outspoken leftist and his affinity for the Soviet Union and the communist system of government, earned him many enemies as well. The author explores this part of Neruda's life and the fear of communism that spread across several continents. His devotion to communism following his admission into the Chilean Communist Party, would prove to be a thorn in his side until his final day. But for Neruda, staying in one place for long was never an option and this story is filled with travel around the world as Neruda works and creates in several countries. Through Eisner's words, we follow Pablo and his many love interests across the globe as he travels to and from Chile both as foreign agent and fugitive. At times, it seemed as if his life was straight out of a Hollywood film. There is no let up and Pablo has forced Eisner to move full speed ahead. Once I started the book, it became increasingly difficult to set it aside for a later time in the day. I was glued to the pages, curious to see where Neruda ends up next and who makes an appearance in his life and who makes their exit. To say his life was unorthodox would be an understatement.
At over six-hundred pages, the book is not exactly a short read but the pace of the story will result in readers forgetting about the length completely. The story is engaging and Neruda was quite the character. But he possessed a natural gift and Eisner's inclusion of his poems, gives the book an added air of authenticity to it. In those sections, he turns the floor over to Pablo who never failed to deliver.
Having completed the book, I have mixed feelings about Neruda. But that is a credit to the author's talent. Eisner does not show the Neruda people want to see, he shows us the Neruda that we need to see in order to come to our own conclusions. A brilliant and talented poet was also at times a cold-blooded monster. He battled loneliness but had fans worldwide. Some would call him a walking contradiction and others might simply accept the label of eccentric. Regardless off the adjective, Neruda did not fit perfectly into any mold and Eisner has captured his complex character which at times did not function based on reason or logic. It is a great story of a unique person, who never faced his own demons but was able to capture the hearts and emotions of millions of people facing their demons. In death, he became a legend of nearly God-like status and remains a cultural icon in Chile. He is to Chile what Jorge Luis Borges is to Argentina. Those looking for a good biography of Pablo Neruda, will be more than satisfied with this gem by Mark Eisner.
ASIN: B072SCL5Z
Augusto Pinochet Mark Eisner Pablo Neruda Salvador Allende
Published December 27, 2015 by Genyc79
A Nation of Enemies: Chile Under Pinochet-Pamela A. Constable and Arturo Valenzuela
The Cuban Revolution, carried today by Raul Castro, set an example for other Latin American nations and became the shining example of a successful campaign to resist U.S. intervention. In time, more countries began to look to Cuba as a model for their own revolutionary goals in an effort to spread Marxist ideology throughout Central and South America. Salvador Allende's efforts to spread the beliefs throughout Chile would be in good faith but severely short-lived. On September 11, 1973, he was overthrown in a military coup led by the late General Augusto Pinochet. Allende, who died of reportedly self-inflicted gunshot wounds, tried unsuccessfully to lead Chile down the path of socialism inspired by his Marxist-Leninist beliefs. The removal of Allende and assumption of power by Pinochet, would bring Chile some of its darkest days. Political suppression, unemployment, famine, murder and corruption became constant aspects of Chilean society under a dictator with an insatiable appetite for power, greed and subordination. Pamela Constable and Arturo Valenzuela bring the past to life with this excellent historical account of a crucial period in the history of Chile. Under Pinochet, the dreams of change, freedom and economic prosperity began to fade as the income gap between the rich and the poor became the largest in the country's history. Poverty, depression, health issues and domestic surveillance by the notorious DINA would transform a once free society in a military state. Freedom of press, expression and religion became archaic ideas subject to intimidation, imprisonment and in some cases, death. Schools and universities were under rigorous scrutiny in efforts to purge them of any ideological teachings by the far left bearing a haunting similarity to Nazi controlled Germany.
Old opposition movements began to re-form and newer organizations began to take shape eventually dividing Chilean society between Communist, Christian Democratics, Humanist parties and pro-regime organizations. Tension began to simmer and Pinochet's time in office began to see its last days. His reign lasted from 1973 until October 1988, when the Chilean people demanded change and elected Patricio Aylwin by a large margin bringing democracy back to a country in need of hope and security. His election was a culmination of years of disillusionment by the Chilean public, and even the Regan administration. The Chile we know today is far removed from its darkest days under one of the most notorious dictators in Latina American history. This book is a must read for anyone interested in the regime of Augusto Pinochet and Chilean politics.
Augusto Pinochet Chile Salvador Allende


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Q: French dependency parsing using CoreNLP I am following the example in this link. I have downloaded the french jar from here. When I call it as follows,
java -mx1g -cp "*" edu.stanford.nlp.pipeline.StanfordCoreNLP -props StanfordCoreNLP-french.properties -annotators tokenize,ssplit,pos,depparse -file french.txt -outputFormat conllu

I always see it loads a english dep-parser model instead of french.
Loading depparse model file: edu/stanford/nlp/models/parser/nndep/english_UD.gz ...
PreComputed 100000, Elapsed Time: 1.341 (s)

Is this a bug?

A: Update -- I found that the default properties file does not specify a depparse model. So now I give it my own config file and now it works.
annotators = tokenize, ssplit, pos, depparse, parse

tokenize.language = fr

pos.model = edu/stanford/nlp/models/pos-tagger/french/french.tagger

parse.model = edu/stanford/nlp/models/lexparser/frenchFactored.ser.gz

depparse.model = edu/stanford/nlp/models/parser/nndep/UD_French.gz

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


PrattandWhitney is a world leader in aircraft engines and auxiliary power units. Headquartered in East Hartford, Connecticut, the company has locations around the United States and across the world.
Fully understand the operation and safety features of all support equipment that is to be used at the pre and post-coating process steps for EBPVD and Plasma.
Ensuring all the operations completed meet the standards provided for that operation.
No operation will be completed without proper documentation and quality requirements understood.
Ability to perform necessary duties in EBPVD and Plasma.


As the partial government shutdown reaches its 23rd day, South Dakotans are feeling the effects.
Feeding South Dakota stated in a news release that they are "preparing for the worst" as they worry about funding as the shutdown continues.
"Nearly 90,000 South Dakotans received SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) benefits in November 2018, and nearly half of those recipients were children under the age of 18," according to the news release.
South Dakota airports have also been affected as well, as all of the government workers are going without a paycheck or have been furloughed.
As D.C. partisanship continues to contribute to the shutdown, the presidents of College Republicans and College Democrats spoke with The Volante on the issue.
Parker Spitzer, a senior economics and strategic communications double major and the president of College Republicans, said while the group has not had a formal meeting yet this semester, they have had many small-scale conversations about the shutdown.
Spitzer said there are some members that are in full support of Trump's and the Republican Party's actions and others that aren't in total agreement.
Courtney Gould, president of College Democrats and senior political science major, said the college Democrats have had one meeting this semester but have mostly focused conversations on the upcoming 2020 election.
"I think my biggest issue is that it's affecting the SNAP, WIC (women, infants, children) and food stamp programs. So that is the most pressing I think because those are people that really need help," she said.
While Spitzer said he thinks both sides need to come to the negotiating table to end the shutdown, Gould is looking for the Republicans to lessen their demands.
As for students across USD's campus, Gould said she doesn't think many are paying attention to the shutdown.
Spitzer said he thinks most students are paying attention to the shutdown and are concerned. With Trump's use of social media, he said it's hard not to see.


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Sovereign (Nemesis #2)
Author(s): April Daniels
SF/Fantasy | Trans & Gender Diverse Fiction
The highly anticipated sequel to Dreadnought, featuring "the most exciting new superheroes in decades." (Kirkus, starred review)
Only nine months after her debut as the superhero Dreadnought, Danny Tozer is already a scarred veteran. Protecting a city the size of New Port is a team-sized job and she's doing it alone. Between her newfound celebrity and her demanding cape duties, Dreadnought is stretched thin, and it's only going to get worse.
When she crosses a newly discovered billionaire supervillain, Dreadnought comes under attack from all quarters. From her troubled family life to her disintegrating friendship with Calamity, there's no lever too cruel for this villain to use against her.
She might be hard to kill, but there's more than one way to destroy a hero. Before the war is over, Dreadnought will be forced to confront parts of herself she never wanted to acknowledge.
And behind it all, an old enemy waits in the wings, ready to unleash a plot that will scar the world forever.
Daniels doesn't just perfectly "queer the capes," she delivers a book that's tightly packed with brilliantly rendered fights, nail-biting scenes of peril, emotional authenticity, and a perfect first kiss." -- Starred Kirkus Review
April Daniels graduated from UC Santa Cruz with a degree in literature. She completed her first manuscript by scribbling a few sentences at a time between calls while working in the customer support department for a well-known video game console.
She has a number of hobbies, most of which are boring and predictable. As nostalgia for the 1990s comes into its full bloom, she has become ever more convinced that she was born two or three years too late and missed all the good stuff the first time around.
Publisher : Diversion Publishing Corp.
Imprint : EverAfter Romance
Dimensions : ---length:- '8.5'width:- '5.5'units:- Inches
Author : April Daniels

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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What will you do with your tragedy?
March 27, 2017 November 23, 2018 Categories UncategorizedLeave a Comment on What will you do with your tragedy?
We've just arrived and Ms. Dinah is telling us how we're visiting just a year shy of her husband's one year death anniversary. One day he's out on his ATV and the whole thing hits a rock and flips over and in the blink of an eye, he's gone.
A pillar in the community taken down by a rock in the road. And just like that, there are 26 grandkids, 5 kids, 1 wife and a whole town reeling.
This after they've already battled their fair share of wounds and hurts at the hands of others.
And Ms. Beth, she's telling us how her first daughter went to the arms of Jesus at six and how her second daughter, yeah her poor mind couldn't handle the stress of being up and down and this whole crazy painful world and one day she's gone too, leaving behind three kids.
And what of Ms. Karen whose husband used his words like fists and held a gun to her head while she slept and then eventually, up and burned her whole closet of clothes?
The stories just keep tumbling out, like it's one ongoing episode of a Lifetime show. Except these are real and you can't make this stuff up.
The most stunning piece of it all: Three women sitting here laughing and smiling in the midst of the shattered and busted up pieces of their lives.
How do you pick yourself up each day from that kind of nightmare and keep living, keep moving, keep praising?
To hear their stories and the stories of their friends, you start to wonder if maybe you shouldn't get out of Dodge real quick before whatever's in the water catches you too. Because this doesn't sound like a fair share of anything. It sounds more like a whole dumping on of ugly pain and meanness and the worst you can think of, and it's not fair at all.
I spend three days with these warrior women and here is the gift they give me:
Tragedy can either be a period or a comma in our lives.
The choice is ours.
It can be the end of the story, the point when everything died and life lost its color and we just started going through the motions, waiting out when this whole miserable existence would be done.
Or, or, tragedy can be a comma, a dramatic shift in the story that is just a pause before glorious good comes bursting up out of the broken ground.
It's a choice and it's the difference between dead men walking and the wounded but dazzling souls among us.
Because each of these stories, yeah, they don't define these women. They shape them, they form them and they grow them.
Ms. Beth, her losing of both her girls was after growing up in a home where Daddy died young and mama who showed as much love as a barbed wire fence. And after having to spend her teenage years selling her body just to survive. But to look at her now, you'd never know the scars that have etched and shaped her soul. She walks with dignity and laughs with delight at the days to come.
And Ms. Dinah, she hasn't slowed down one bit. The sudden loss of her best friend hasn't kept her down. She and Ms. Karen have taken to crisscrossing this whole wide country, and even this world, building homes for pregnant mammas and wrapping arms around other lonely and wounded women.
It's easy to sit in the hurt, to let the pain overwhelm us like a tsunami wave, to wallow in the hatred and shake our fist at the skies. It's easy because it's natural.
It's not natural to forgive.
It's not natural to give love for hate.
It's not natural to wake up and choose to rejoice rather than resent.
It's not natural to keep reaching out with open hands to a hurting world when all you seem to get for your trouble is more hits and bruises.
It's not natural because it's not in us. It takes a super human power to turn the cheek and return grace to every stinging blow. It's not in our nature as humans to do that.
But it was in His.
That Carpenter-Man, he forgave while the sin and filth of humanity piled down on Him.
He loved a world screaming out, "Crucify Him!"
He woke up three days later from His journey to Hell and all creation rejoiced.
And every day, His nail scarred hands are stretched out, inviting us to love and be loved. Even while so many continue to reject. He still keeps reaching.
Yeah, it's not in our nature. But it sure is in His. And when you meet warriors on the journey like Ms. Dinah, Ms. Beth and Ms. Karen with deep water faith, you get what that traveling tent maker meant when he said that we're a new creation when we join up with the Messiah.
It's not in our nature to be kind and gracious and loving in the midst of the worst this world brings. But in Him, oh in Him, we can be all kinds of new and different. Because in Him we find strength, and hope and a reason for getting up each day and loving this bleeding, raging, scared world.
In Him, we find our way. And through Him, tragedy becomes a comma where the world wants to place a period.
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-Drivers CD: * Use after installation process if needed.
Step1. Insert the Windows 7 operating system disk into your DVD drive, and then restart your computer.
you see this press any key immediately.
Step 3 'Starting Windows' with the Windows7 logo will appear.
Step 6. End User License Agreement (E.U.L.A.), check the box to accept, and click "Next".
should be able to choose is Custom (advanced).
Step8. "Where do you want to install windows?" Make sure the partition is highlighted.
Step9. Delete the partition by clicking on Drive options (advanced) on the bottom right corner of the field.
Make sure the partition is highlighted and click on Delete.
partition will not have to be deleted.
to delete any additional partitions that may be listed.
Step11. The next screen will show "Installing Windows".
*NOTE: Do not press any keys during this boot up process so as to not disturb the rest of the installation.
Step12. The next screen will show "Installing Windows" again to complete the installation process.
Step14. The next step will prompt you to create a password for your account (optional).
"Install important updates only" and "Ask me later".
Step16. This screen will allow you to choose your local time zone and also adjust the date and time.
The installation is done! You have successfully installed Windows 7 on your computer.


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Nikšić (Montenegrin: Никшић, Serbian Cyrillic: Никшић; pronounced [nîkʃit͡ɕ]),[a] is the second largest city in Montenegro, with a total population of 56,970 located in the west of the country, in the centre of the spacious Nikšić field at the foot of Trebjesa Hill. It is the center of Nikšić Municipality with population of 72,443 according to 2011 census, which is the largest municipality by area and second most inhabited after Podgorica. It was also the largest municipality by area in the former Yugoslavia. It is an important industrial, cultural, and educational center.
Никшић
Town and municipality
View over Nikšić from Trebjesa hill
Location within Montenegro
Show map of Montenegro
Nikšić (Balkans)
Show map of Balkans
4th century as Anderba and 5th century as Anagastum
Marko Kovačević (DF)
• Ruling coalition
DF–DCG–SNP–URA
• Town and municipality
2nd in Montenegro
• Rural
• Municipality
+382 40
Car plates
ISO 3166-2 code
niksic.me
2.1 Antiquity
2.3 Ottoman Empire
2.4 Principality and Kingdom of Montenegro (1877–1918)
2.5 Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941)
2.6 World War II
2.7 SFR Yugoslavia (1945–1991)
2.8 During the Yugoslav Wars
3 Local administration
3.1 Municipal parliament
3.2 Mayor
5 Cityscape
6.1 Education
7 Sports
8.1 Ethnicity
10.1 Road
10.2 Rail
10.3 Air
11 International cooperation
12 Notable individuals
14.1 Books
In classical antiquity, the area of Nikšić was the site of the settlement of the Illyrian tribe of the Endirudini and was known in sources of the time as Anderba or Enderon.[3] The Roman Empire built a military camp (castrum Anderba) in the 4th century AD, which was known as the Ostrogothic fortress Anagastum (after 459. AD). After Slavic settlement in the region, Anagastum became Slavic Onogošt, which was the name of the town and župa (county) in the Middle Ages. Onogošt was renamed as Nikšić in the middle of 15th century after the Nikšići, a Montenegrin tribe.[4]
AntiquityEdit
The region formed one of the core areas of the Illyrian kingdom with its capital in Rhizon. It was inhabited by the Endirudini, who figure in the list of tribes which surrendered to Octavian in 33 BC. The Endirudini were one of the tribes who were included in the administrative reorganization of the tribal units in the early Roman Empire and became part of the Docleatae with Doclea as their administrative center.[3]
Middle AgesEdit
Anagastum
During the Early Middle Ages, it was located within the South Slavic (Sklavenoi) tribal provinces of Travunia or Duklja (which were under the authority of the Serbian Principality of the Vlastimirović dynasty). With the fall of the Vlastimirovići and the hinterland regions in the second half of the 10th century, Serbia was resurrected with Stefan Vojislav and his Vojislavljević dynasty, succeeded by Stefan Nemanja and his Nemanjić dynasty, at which time the Onogošt župa existed. With the fall of the Serbian Empire, Onogošt came under the rule of Kingdom of Bosnia in 1373, and was under the rule of the Kosača noble family, which held territory in Herzegovina from 1448 until Herzegovina fell to the Ottomans.
Ottoman EmpireEdit
Bedem castle ruins
Carev Most was designed by Nikšić's city planner Josip Slade and completed in 1894.
The Ottoman Empire took control of Onogošt in 1465,[5] and it stayed under control of the Turks for more than four hundred years, as a part of Herzegovina Province.[citation needed] Onogošt was first referred to as "Nikšić" in a document titled Radonia Pribisalich de Nichsich printed in 1518.[6] Evliya Çelebi mentioned Serbs who live in the villages around Nikšić.[7] The name "Nikšić" was used alongside Onogošt until 1767, when the name Nikšić was officially implemented after an ayan council, a high-profile meeting of Ottoman feudal lords which was relatively common at the time.[8] During the later years of Ottoman occupation, the town served as a significant fortified military stronghold. During the course of Ottoman rule, a total of four mosques were built in Nikšić.[9] The first one, Donjogradska, was constructed between 1695 and 1703.[9] A second mosque called Hadžidanuša was constructed sometime in the early 1700s by an Ottoman military captain, Hadži-Husejin Danević; it was colloquially known as the "short mosque" because it had no minarets.[9] A third mosque, known simply as "Pasha's mosque", was the largest in Nikšić. It was said to be architecturally similar to Jashar Pasha Mosque in Pristina.[9] A fourth mosque called Hadži-Ismail's mosque was erected in 1807, and was the only mosque to survive the departure of the Ottoman Empire from Nikšić later that century.[9]
Under the influence of the First Serbian Uprising, in the summer of 1805, the movement of Herzegovinian Serbs wanting to start an uprising appeared in Nikšić.[10] The people of Nikšić relied on and cooperated with the harambašas from Popovo Polje, Trebinje and Trebinje Šuma, (Serbian: Требињска шума),[b] and calculated that 19,000 Serbs could rise up in revolt, while weapons were to arrive from Russia, via Greece. The Turks reacted to that by sending 10,000 soldiers led by pasha Kauzlarić to quell the rebellion. After the suppression of the uprising by the Turks, in which local Slavic Muslims probably took part, there was no more mention of the wider rebellion in historical sources.[10]
In 1807, armed forces led by Petar I Petrović-Njegoš along with 1,000 Russian troops attempted to take Nikšić, but Ottoman forces prevailed.[9] On July 18, 1876, the Principality of Montenegro defeated Ottoman forces in the Battle of Vučji Do in the western edge of the municipality of Nikšić. On 27 August 1877, the rest of Nikšić was taken by the Montenegrin Army under the command of Vojvoda Mašo Vrbica after a 47-day siege against the Ottoman authorities.[11] English archaeologist Arthur Evans witnessed the negotiations between Nicholas I of Montenegro (Nikola I) and the remaining Bosniaks (Muslims) after the siege, and subsequently wrote about them in his diary:
"Prince Nikola upon entering Nikšić directly invited representatives of Muslim citizens and informed them that whoever decides to stay is guaranteed complete personal freedom, freedom to retain homes, land, and all property, complete freedom of religion and that they will enjoy all the rights of Montenegrin citizenry, even including the right to carry arms. On the other hand, those who decide to leave will be allowed to bring any mobile goods and the Montenegrin government will issue a horse and an envoy up to the border."[11]
Principality and Kingdom of Montenegro (1877–1918)Edit
Nikšić was officially recognized as a part of the Principality of Montenegro in the Treaty of Berlin. The small Ottoman hamlet began to transform into a modern urban settlement. The first urban plan was adopted in 1883, commissioned by King Nikola, who appointed Croatian architect Josip Slade to develop the city planning.[12] In addition to designing contemporary Nikšić, he also designed the monumental Carev Most nearby.[12]
Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941)Edit
The ousting of King Nikola and the context of the transition to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes resulted in considerable tension and even violence in Nikšić. On December 23, 1918, Nikšić was the site of a skirmish between Montenegrin Greens and Serbian troops under the command of Dragan Milutinović. The Greens had launched an attack on Nikšić during the Christmas Uprising, although Serbian forces prevailed.[13] Even after the Christmas Uprising ended, some Montenegrin Greens continued a resistance against the Yugoslav government for many years. On December 28, 1923, 11 Montenegrin "Komiti" who continued guerilla activities after the Christmas Uprising were executed in Nikšić by the Serbian Gendarmery.[14]
Nikšić saw the establishment of rail transport during the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. On July 12, 1938, after thirteen years of on-and-off construction, the first train arrived from Bileća at the newly constructed railway station in Nikšić.[15] A gate was decorated in front of the new station, on which a portrait of King Petar II was installed with "Long Live Yugoslavia!" written under the portrait.[15] Approximately 5,000 people waited for the first train to arrive, even when its arrival was delayed by two hours on a hot day.[15] During the delay, much of the public was reportedly impatient, with two war veterans leading a kolo dance on the railroad tracks before the train arrived.[15]
World War IIEdit
During World War II, Nikšić was first occupied by the Italian governorate in Montenegro. The occupation resulted in several insurrections, with one of the earliest started by the Yugoslav Partisans. The first Partisan advances were violently repressed, as Nikšić became the site of a large number of public executions, including those of notable communists Ljubo Čupić and 16-year old Joka Baletić.[16]
Over the course of April 7–8, 1944, Nikšić was bombed by the Royal Air Force, using Vickers Wellington long-range bombers.[17] One of the Yugoslav Partisans' commanders in Montenegro, Peko Dapčević, requested to Josip Broz Tito that allied forces bomb Nikšić in order to force out the Nazi occupation.[17] The recorded number of casualties from the bombing raid vary depending on different sources, ranging from approximately 200[16] to 500 killed.[17]
SFR Yugoslavia (1945–1991)Edit
After the end of World War II, Nikšić became the site of unprecedented industrial and political developments. On September 24, 1948, six unmarked Supermarine Spitfire aircraft landed at Kapino Polje Airport, where they were retrofitted and delivered to the Israeli Air Force in a secret operation.[18] During the operation, the airport was quarantined from the public by Yugoslavia's State Security Administration.[18] The unmarked aircraft were flown by pilots from the Israeli Air Force, and three of them were used in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War less than a month after delivery.[18]
One of the biggest changes in Nikšić were the construction of new factories, particularly the metal processing plant "Boris Kidrič", which Josip Broz Tito first visited in May 1959. Tito visited the Boris Kidrič plant again on May 12, 1969, after it was reported that the plant recorded a positive net revenue for the previous quarter-year for the first time since its establishment.[19] During his second visit to Nikšić, Tito insisted that negative business results be addressed by modernizing machinery in the factory, as opposed to placing responsibility solely on workers.[19] By 1985, the Boris Kidrič metal works employed over 6,500 workers, although that year two strikes took place.[20] Chronic inflation of the Yugoslav dinar had already begun, and the metal works were dependent on imports in order to produce. This added pressure to raise prices of steel products, which in turn made them less competitive with steel from western Europe.[20]
The city population was increased tenfold, and Nikšić became the heart of Montenegrin industrial complex. During the socialist republic era, the city flourished, as steel and iron works, bauxite mines, electricity production, brewery and wood processing industries were set up in and around the city.
During the Yugoslav WarsEdit
With the breakup of Yugoslavia, Nikšić was hit hard with the hyperinflation of the Yugoslav dinar, international sanctions, and overall decline throughout Yugoslavia during the 1990s. Nikšić had a large amount of reservists in the Yugoslav People's Army. Between 62[21] and 77 JNA soldiers killed in the Yugoslav Wars were from Nikšić alone.[22] Political tension in Nikšić was polarized between Serbian nationalist and Montenegrin secessionist groups. Although Nikšić did not experience violence from the war in neighboring Bosnia, there were some extraordinary incidents. In the fall of 1992, Vojislav Šešelj planned to hold Serbian Radical Party rally in Nikšić.[23] However, a local named Brano Mićunović plotted to assassinate Šešelj outside of a tunnel upon entering Nikšić, and Šešelj ultimately cancelled the meeting after hearing about the plot.[24] In June 1993, Hadži-Ismail's mosque was destroyed during unrest.[25]
Years of wartime tension and widespread poverty took a toll on the city. In 1996, Nikšić recorded the second-most suicides out of any city in Yugoslavia.[26] After a period of twenty days during which six suicides and two murders took place, clergymen in Nikšić decided to start an annual public liturgy, or Litija, which was attended by tens of thousands of worshipers who walked all the way from the Ostrog Monastery in May 1996.[26]
Local administrationEdit
Municipal parliamentEdit
The municipal parliament consists of 41 deputies elected directly for a four-year term.
Party / Coalition
DPS–SD–LPCG–PKS
DF–SNP Coalition
Peace is Our Nation
United Reform Action
Popular Movement
MayorEdit
Mayor of Nikšić is the head of the town and municipality of Nikšić. He acts on behalf of the town, and performs an executive function in the municipality of Nikšić. Current mayor is Marko Kovačević, member of the right-wing Democratic Front.
List of Mayors since introduction of multi-party system (1990–present):
Milorad Drljević (DPS) (1990–2002)
Vera Miljanić (LSCG) (2002–2003)
Labud Šljukić (LSCG) (2003–2005)
Nebojša Radojičić (DPS) (2005–2014)
Veselin Grbović (DPS) (2014–2020)
Milutin Simović (DPS) (2020–2021)
Marko Kovačević (DF) (2020–present)
Krupac Lake near Nikšić
Nikšić is situated in north-central Montenegro. It is located at the centre of the spacious Nikšić field (Nikšićko polje), a karst plain[27] with an area of 48 km2, and an elevation of 640 m AMSL. The plain is surrounded by inhospitable rocky mountainous terrain, a typical landscape of western Montenegro. The city itself is located at the foot of the Trebjesa hill.
Zeta river originates in the Nikšić field, and flows near the city of Nikšić, before it becomes a subterranean river south of the city. The river caused frequent flooding of the plain, until the construction of Hydroelectric power plant Perućica in 1960. The construction of the power plant resulted in creation of three large artificial lakes near the city - Krupac Lake, Slano Lake and Vrtac Lake. Today, the lakes are a popular recreation and relaxation retreats for the citizens of Nikšić.
Under the Köppen climate classification, Nikšić has an oceanic climate (Cfb), which is influenced by the Mediterranean climate drying trend during summer.[28] The average temperature in January is 1.7 °C (35.1 °F), while in July it is 20.4 °C (68.7 °F). Average humidity amounts to 69%. Nikšić receives 2,238 hours of sunshine per year, with warm and moderately wet summers, and cool and rainy winters. On average, there are 19 days per year with snowfall.
Climate data for Nikšić (1961–1990, extremes 1949–present)
(−4.4) −17
(1) −11.6
(11.83) 239.1
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)
13 12 12 13 12 12 8 8 8 10 13 13 134
Source: Hydrological and Meteorological Service of Montenegro[29][30]
CityscapeEdit
An older picture of Nikšić
A street in Nikšić
Although Nikšić area has seen human settlements since antiquity, most of the modern Nikšić is a planned city. Very little remains of the Ottoman architectural heritage, despite the long presence of Ottoman Empire in the area. The city layout visible today still follows the 1883 urban plan commissioned by King Nicholas and designed by Croatian architect Josip Slade.
According to this plan, the streets of Nikšić radiate to the north and east from the central city square (today a roundabout), locally known as Skver. The radial streets are intersected by circumferential streets and avenues, thus creating a half-spider web-like street layout.
Layers of different architectural styles and urban patterns are evident along the radial network of streets. Thus, closest to the central roundabout is the historical core of Nikšić, formed after the liberation from Ottoman Empire, and serving as a nucleus for Slade's urban plan. This area, on the foot of Trebjesa Hill, is home to King Nicholas Palace, City Park, and Freedom Square, main city square located along the central Njegoševa Street. The area is composed of mostly single or two storey row housing with basic designs, an architecture typical for late 19th and early 20th centuries Montenegro. The roundabout and the surrounding area is still the focal point of activities in the city, as bus and train stations, as well as commercial and civic services are located in the area.
Freedom Square in Nikšić on the eve of the Statehood Day 2018 as seen from the south
Farther from the central roundabout, the historical core is encircled with a layer of mass residential blocks, built during the SFRY era. The building of the highrise residential blocks facilitated housing of the large population drawn to the city by rapid post-World War II industrialisation. The SFRY era apartment blocks are still home for the majority of residents of Nikšić.
Beyond the blocks, the city expanded in form of a suburban sprawl, that consists of detached housing. Close to the city blocks and major industrial areas, the lowrise single home suburbs are built with well executed urban plans, but farther away from the center, the city expanded in a chaotic and informal way. In addition, the rural areas south of Nikšić have merged with the city, so low density suburbs extend from the city in every direction, covering much of the Nikšić Field.
King Nikola's Palace
Orthodox church in Nikšić
Although mostly perceived as an industrial center, Nikšić is also a city of rich cultural heritage. The most significant cultural institution in the city is Centar Za Kulturu (Cultural Center), which incorporates the city's major public cultural establishments:
Zavičajni Muzej (County Museum), situated in the former royal Palace of King Nikola, documents the historical development of the city.
Nikšić art gallery
Public library and Public archive
Nikšić theater
Zahumlje folk music society
Stari Grad Anderva art society
The most significant cultural event in the city is Septembarski Dani Kulture (September days of Culture), that is one of the most recognizable cultural happenings in Montenegro. Other annual artistic events include Pjesnik na korzu (Poet on the promenade), Međunarodni festival glumca (International actors festival), Međunarodni festival kamerne muzike (International festival of chamber music), Međunarodni festival gitare (International guitar festival). Lake Fest rock festival, held annually at Krupac lake and Bedem Fest rock festival, held at Bedem Castle are gaining ground as one of the most recognizable music festivals in the former Yugoslav region.
Nikšić is known for its distinctive cultural atmosphere and bohemian art scene, with poet Vitomir Nikolić and singers/songwriters like Miladin Šobić or Marinko Pavićević as prominent representatives of the Nikšić bohemian spirit. Živko Nikolić, a native of Nikšić, is considered the most significant Montenegrin movie director.
Media scene of Nikšić is mostly confined to public broadcasters TV Nikšić and Radio Nišić, and a number of commercial radio stations. Riječ and Luča magazines, published by Faculty of Philosophy, as well as Poznanstva children magazine, are also a part of Nikšić cultural scene.
EducationEdit
Nikšić is home to 40 educational institutions. Among those are 11 nurseries, 25 elementary schools of which one is elementary music school and 4 high schools, including the Stojan Cerović Gymnasium.
Nikšić is also home to two faculties of the University of Montenegro:
Faculty of Philosophy - a complex educational and scientific institution which organizes undergraduate, specialist and postgraduate studies as well as doctoral studies within its main activities. Three institutes operate within the faculty:
Institute of philosophy and sociology
Institute of language and literature and
Institute of geography
Faculty of sports and physical education
SportsEdit
Nikšić is regarded as one of the centers of Montenegrin sport. The combat sports are particularly popular in Nikšić, with a strong tradition in judo, karate and boxing. Nikšić judokas have been exceptionally successful at international competitions.
Sutjeska football club is the pillar of the city soccer tradition. The club has risen to the Yugoslav First League during the SFRY era, and is one of the most successful clubs since the Montenegrin First League was established in 2006. City Stadium is the club's home field. FK Čelik is also becoming more prominent as it has reached the UEFA Europa League qualifying phase.
In basketball, not only has Nikšić produced great players (Bojan Dubljevic or Ana Pocek for example), but the local team KK Sutjeska Nikšić became champions of the Montenegrin Basketball Cup in 2013.
Other team sports, particularly handball and volleyball, are also popular in Nikšić.
Besides City Stadium, other significant sporting venue is the Nikšić Sports Center. This facility features a 3,000 seat indoor sports hall, olympic-size swimming pool, 6-lane bowling alley, sports shooting range, tennis and futsal courts, and various other facilities.
Vučje ski resort is 18 km away from the city center, making winter sports a popular recreation among the citizens of Nikšić.
Population (city)
Nikšić is administrative centre of Nikšić Municipality, which incorporates a densely populated fertile plain called "Župa", and has a population of 72,443 (2003. census). Nikšić itself has 56,970 citizens.[1]
Nikšić Municipality can be viewed as a metropolitan area of the city of Nikšić.
EthnicityEdit
Source: Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT, Census 2011[31]
Montenegrins 36,713 64.44%
Serbs 13,584 23.84%
Romani 466 0.81%
Balkan Egyptians 446 0.81%
Bosniaks 216 0.37%
Croats 135 0.23%
Albanians 72 0.12%
ethnic Muslims 63 0.11%
Other 219 0.38%
not declared 3843 6.74%
Total 56,970 100%
ReligionEdit
Eastern Orthodoxy 51,539 90.46%
Islam 1707 2.99%
Atheism 689 1.2%
Catholicism 201 0.35%
Nikšić is, alongside Podgorica, one of the biggest industrial centres of Montenegro. A Steel mill (Nikšićka Željezara), bauxite mine, Trebjesa brewery (Nikšićka Pivara), and many more are concentrated in this city.
These big industries had struggled to survive the collapse of the socialist economy, but have since recovered. The process of privatization is either finished or still in progress for some of these industries.
Today those industry giants cannot employ as many workers as they could back in the days of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and the economy of Nikšić is slowly transforming into one that is more service-oriented. In 1981 Niksic's GDP per capita was 91% of the Yugoslav average.[33]
RoadEdit
Traffic roundabout
Nikšić's main road connection is E762 highway, which connects Nikšić with Podgorica to the southeast, and with Plužine and on to the Foča and Sarajevo (Bosnia and Hercegovina) to the northwest. Another recently reconstructed north/south Montenegrin road corridor passes through Nikšić, the Risan/Trebinje-Nikšić-Šavnik-Žabljak road. This road is the shortest connection Nikšić has with Bay of Kotor and Montenegrin coast. Nikšić also has the distinction of being one of the first Montenegrin towns to have a bypass road. The bypass, built during the SFRY era, has been upgraded in 2011, and now services every transit corridor of Nikšić, directing all transit traffic away from the urban core. Like many cities in the former Yugoslavia, Nikšić is the hub of multiple intercity bus companies, the largest of them being Glušica Nikšić and 4 Decembar Nikšić which operate to destinations as far as Sarajevo and Belgrade.
RailEdit
Construction of the train station in 1938
Nikšić is the terminus of Nikšić-Podgorica railway, which is sole rail connection of the city. This railway line connects with Belgrade-Bar and Podgorica–Shkodër lines in Podgorica.
This rail link has been used mainly to transport bauxite from Nikšić bauxite mine to Podgorica Aluminium Plant. It is currently under reconstruction and electrification, and passenger service will be reintroduced once the reconstruction is completed. Three CAF Civity EMUs have been ordered by Railways of Montenegro specifically to serve this railway, cutting the travel time between Nikšić and Podgorica to only 50 minutes. The first of the new trains will go into service on June 1, 2013.[34][35]
Nikšić obtained its narrow-gauge (760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in)) railway connection with Bosnia and Herzegovina via Bileća and Trebinje when the railway line was extended from Bileća and opened in 1938. Not far from Trebinje, the narrow-gauge line used to branch off in three directions: towards Čapljina in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zelenika in Bay of Kotor in Montenegro (a dead end), and Dubrovnik in Croatia (also a dead end). After reaching Čapljina, the line used to run to the south, to the Ploče harbour in Croatia, and to the north, to the rest of the world via Mostar and Sarajevo.[36] The narrow-gauge extension from Nikšić to Titograd (Podgorica), built by youth work brigades, was opened in 1948. That extension was converted to standard gauge (1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)) in 1965.[37] The narrow-gauge line from Nikšić to Čapljina was closed down in 1976 and dismantled soon after.[38]
AirEdit
Nikšić Airport is located on the western outskirts of the city. It is a small sport airport, that caters to needs of general aviation, and of local enthusiast aviation club. After significant reconstruction and expansion, the airport was chosen to be a host of 2010 FAI World Parachuting Championships.[39] Scheduled passenger service has yet to be introduced.
Podgorica Airport is some 60 km (37 mi) away from Nikšić, and has regular flights to Belgrade, Sarajevo, Budapest, Zürich, Frankfurt, Ljubljana, Paris, Rome and Vienna. Both Tivat and Dubrovnik airports are some 100 km (62 mi) away, and offer regular services to major European destinations.
International cooperationEdit
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Montenegro
Nikšić is twinned with:[40][41]
Arilje, Serbia
Bileća, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bovec, Slovenia
Brindisi, Italy
Chifeng, China
Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Gacko, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Gradačac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Koper, Slovenia
Koprivnica, Croatia
Kumanovo, North Macedonia[42]
Lazarevac, Serbia
Murska Sobota, Slovenia
Nevesinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina
New Belgrade, Serbia
Ohrid, North Macedonia
Prilep, North Macedonia
Rab, Croatia
Ražanj, Serbia
Strumica, North Macedonia
Trebinje, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Valjevo, Serbia
Vrbas, Serbia
Želino, North Macedonia
Notable individualsEdit
Dragomir Bečanović, judoka, World champion
Andrija Delibašić, footballer
Bojan Dubljević, basketball player
Milo Đukanović, President of Montenegro
Grdan (fl. 1596–d. 1612), vojvoda of Nikšić and rebel leader
Goran Jeretin, basketball player
Zdravko Krivokapić, Prime Minister of Montenegro
Radmila Miljanić-Petrović, handball player, Olympic silver medalist and European champion
Milomir Miljanić, singer
Andrija Milošević, actor
Alen Muratović, handball player
Vitomir Nikolić, poet
Živko Nikolić, movie director
Milosava Perunović (ca. 1900 - 1945), war heroine
Vukan Perović, football player
Željko Petrović, footballer
Milisav Popović, fantasy author
Nataša Popović, basketball player
Silvija Popović, Serbian volleyball player, silver medalist at the 2016 Summer Olympics, World and European champion
Zdravko Radulović, basketball player, silver medalist at the 1988 Summer Olympics and European champion
Miladin Šobić, musician
Željko Šturanović, former Prime Minister of Montenegro
Mirko Vučinić, footballer
Filip Vujanović, former President of Montenegro
Miljan Zeković, football player
Rajko Žižić, basketball player, three-time Olympic medalist and 1980 Olympic champion
Milorad Žižić, boxer
Vesna Zmijanac, singer
^ According to the 2011 census, the "mother tongue" of 43.75% of the population of Nikšić was Montenegrin, while 45.44% claimed Serbian as their first language. A further 6.23% of people within Nikšić did not wish to answer the language question.[2] These languages are both represented in the introduction, although they render with identical orthography.
^ Trebinje Šuma is the forested area between Trebinje and Poljica Popovo, along the river Trebišnjica
^ a b "Montenegrin 2011 census". Monstat. 2011.
^ Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT. "Population of Montenegro by sex, type of settlement, ethnicity, religion and mother tongue". Census 2011 - Releases (PDF). p. 12. Table 5a. MONSTAT webpage
^ a b Wilkes, J. J. (1996). "The Danubian and Balkan provinces". In Alan K. Bowman; Edward Champlin; Andrew Linto (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History: The Augustan Empire, 43 B.C—A.D. 69. Vol. 10. Cambridge University Press. pp. 545–585. ISBN 0521264308.
^ Sima Ćirković; (2004) The Serbs p. 131; Wiley-Blackwell, ISBN 0631204717
^ Vasić 2005, p. 85.
^ "O NIKŠIĆU". Mladi Nikšića (in Serbian).
^ Hazim Šabanović, Putopis : odlomci o jugoslavenskim zemljama, 1967, https://www.academia.edu/6486045/Evlija_Celebi_Putopis #page=444
^ Slobodan Drobnjak Sait Š. Šabotić (February 11, 2017). "Kulturne Prilike I Kulturni Stvaraoci Nikšića Iz Osmanskog Perioda". Sandžačka književnost (in Serbian). Retrieved December 28, 2018.
^ a b c d e f Boško Roganović (November 12, 2016). "Nikšić kroz istoriju: Džamije". Onogošt (in Serbian). Retrieved December 28, 2018.
^ a b Hrabak, Bogumil (2005). "Trebinjski kraj u vreme prvog srpskog ustanka". Trabunia. 11.
^ a b Danica-Kaća Čolović (January 8, 2016). "Svaki drevni grad je posebna priča". Novine Nikšića (in Serbian). Retrieved December 28, 2018.
^ a b Boško Roganović (April 24, 2016). "Nikšić kroz istoriju: Izgradnja nove varoši". Onogošt (in Serbian). Retrieved December 28, 2018.
^ Živko Andrijašević. Istorija Crne Gore. (in Serbian) July 2015. p. 261.
^ Vladimir Jovanović (January 16, 2017). "Dvije komitske sudbine". Otvoreni Kulturni Forum (in Serbian). Retrieved December 29, 2018.
^ a b c d Boško Roganović (March 10, 2014). ""Ćiro" je stigao u Nikšić". Novine Nikšića (in Serbian). Retrieved December 29, 2018.
^ a b Rade Radovanović (May 9, 2014). "Danas: Ljubav je jača od svakog rata i svakog zla" (in Serbian). Retrieved August 11, 2017.
^ a b c Ivan Miladinović (January 13, 2015). "Novosti: Peko traži da se gađa Nikšić" (in Serbian). Retrieved August 11, 2017.
^ a b c Siniša Luković. "Kad je Nikšić bio Alabama". Vijesti. Archived from the original (via Wayback Machine) on 1 October 2018.
^ a b "Retrospektiva: Tako je Tito govorio o Željezari "Boris Kidrič"". Onogošt (in Serbian). May 20, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
^ a b "Željezara "Boris Kidrič" Nikšić: Gigant čije ime među metalcima u svijetu izgovara s poštovanjem". Yugopapir (in Serbian). May 1985. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
^ Svetlana Mandić. "U Nikšiću obilježeno 18. godina od NATO bombardovanja". Vijesti. Archived from the original (via Wayback Machine) on 27 March 2017.
^ Veliša Kadić (February 12, 2018). "Diplomatski Skandal U Crnoj Gori: Sramno prema žrtvama". Večernje novosti (in Serbian). Retrieved December 29, 2018.
^ Vladimir Jovanović (March 5, 2010). Брано Мићуновић "сувласник" Црне Горе. Nova srpska politička misao (in Serbian). Retrieved December 29, 2018.
^ "Šešelj za Nedeljnik: Jovica Stanišić mi je spasio život, Brano Mićunović je spremao atentat na mene". Nedeljnik (in Serbian). January 18, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2018.
^ Vreme. June 7, 1993. p. 29
^ a b Veliša Kadić (May 11, 2011). "Litija duga kilometrima". Večernje novosti (in Serbian). Retrieved December 29, 2018.
^ "niksic". travelsradiate: travelsradiate.com. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
^ Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification" (PDF). Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11 (5): 1633–1644. Bibcode:2007HESS...11.1633P. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. ISSN 1027-5606. {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ "Climate: Nikšić" (in Montenegrin). Hydrological and Meteorological Service of Montenegro. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
^ "Dnevni prosjeci i ekstremi" (in Montenegrin). Hydrological and Meteorological Service of Montenegro. Retrieved 6 March 2021.
^ "Popis 2011". Retrieved 2011-09-29.
^ Radovinović, Radovan; Bertić, Ivan, eds. (1984). Atlas svijeta: Novi pogled na Zemlju (in Croatian) (3rd ed.). Zagreb: Sveučilišna naklada Liber.
^ Vlada Crne Gore (The Government of Montenegro) - U junu 2013. godine Crna Gora dobiće tri nova elektromotorna voza (Serbian) Retrieved November 17, 2011
^ ZCG Prevoz - Novosti - U julu 2013. godine, isporuka 3 nova EMV-a Archived 2013-03-06 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved November 2011.
^ "Uskotračne željeznice - Grafikoni" [Narrow-gauge railways - Graphs]. zeljeznice.net (in Croatian). Retrieved 12 April 2017.
^ "ZCG Prevoz - Nikšić - Titograd (Podgorica)" (PDF). zcg-prevoz.me (in Montenegrin). Retrieved 12 April 2017.
^ "Uskotračne željeznice - Hum - Trebinje - Bileća - Nikšić - Titograd/Podgorica" [Narrow-gauge railways - Hum - Trebinje - Bileća - Nikšić - Titograd/Podgorica]. zeljeznice.net (in Croatian). Retrieved 12 April 2017.
^ World Parachuting Championships 2010 Archived 2010-04-23 at the Wayback Machine
^ Parallelus. "Međunarodna saradnja". Retrieved 2021-01-18.
^ "Bratimljenje" (PDF). database.uom.me (in Montenegrin). Zajednica opština Crne Gore. January 2013. p. 29. Retrieved 2019-12-29.
^ "Службен гласник на Општина Куманово" (PDF) (in Macedonian). Kumanovo. 26 September 2019. p. 615 (11). Retrieved 5 September 2021.
BooksEdit
Vasić, Milan (2005). Naselja na Balkanskom Poluostrvu od XVI do XVIII Vijeka (in Serbian). Banja Luka: Narodna I Univerzitetska Biblioteka Republike Srpske. ISBN 99938-0-584-X.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nikšić.
Official site (Montenegrin and English)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nikšić&oldid=1135281422"


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We are a professional carpet cleaning service provider, which started as a small venture with just a few teams of dedicated professionals, serving Melbourne. We grew and now have expanded our coverage to help businesses, landlords, tenants and private homeowners across the city and its suburbs maintain their properties' interior clean, presentable and fresh.
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Flat, empty, and so low-lying that early explorers feared it would slip beneath the sea, Anegada and its accompanying charms are singular among the Virgin Islands. Its attractions are simple: fresh seafood, solitude, and miles of empty white beaches. Athletes and adventurers can complement the quiet times with world-class kitesurfing, or expeditions through the island's wild interior, a land of epiphytes, wild orchids, and rare iguanas. Wherever you go, there is little chance of meeting a crowd. More likely, you won't see anyone at all.
The 15-square-mile island stands guard over the Anegada Passage, a 6,000-foot underwater chasm used as a thoroughfare by ocean liners and cargo ships. The nearby North Drop, where the sea depth plunges from 180 feet to more than 1,200, teems with large game fish. The island is buffered by the Horseshoe Reef, the third largest reef in the world, which extends south and east of the island like an underwater tail. The reef is as famous for the danger it poses to mariners as it is for its size and beauty.
Anegada peaks a mere 25 feet above sea level at its highest point. The west end of the island is dominated by salt ponds, wetlands home to rare and endangered wading birds, including flamingos. The eastern third of the island is a scraggly limestone wilderness, a surprising land of loblolly trees, cacti, epiphytes, wild orchids, and bright yellow century plants. The island is home to the Anegada rock iguana, an ancient-looking lizard that has been the focus of intense conservation efforts since 1997.
The island's only town, The Settlement, is a sparse collection of homes, shops, churches, and government buildings barely touched by the current of change that has swept through other Virgin Islands. Anegada's laid-back lifestyle is not an invention for tourists. It's the real thing.
Boats can sail up to several docks along the island's southwestern shore, but only after navigating a perilous course through reefs that have ensnared more than 300 ships since people started to keep track. While beautiful to look at, the beaches along the southern coast are not standouts for swimming and snorkeling. That honor belongs to the north coast beaches: windswept, wild, and nearly always empty. No land stands between Anegada's north coast and the other side of the Atlantic, and the waves that beat these beaches deposit an intriguing jumble of natural and human-made rubbish.
Anegada is spectacular, but it's not for everyone, least of all people who want to do something besides enjoy the beauty of their surroundings and the society of their companions. But for travelers wishing to truly get away, this is the place to be.
Anegada highlights
Anegada iguanas
Sportfishing
Anegada lobster
Western Salt Ponds
Travel tips for visiting Anegada
The north coast is what most people come to Anegada for, and it does not disappoint. Stretching from Loblolly Bay at the east and winding all the way to West End Point, the north coast is more than a dozen miles of unblemished, uncrowded, perfectly white beaches.
The waves from the often-wild Atlantic Ocean crash onto the barrier reef several hundred yards offshore; smaller waves make their way onto the beach, depositing intriguing ocean riffraff.
A number of small roads branching off from the main loop road provide access to the coast, but many people choose to base themselves at either Cow Wreck Bay or Loblolly Bay, home to two of the most popular restaurants and beach bars. Both have good snorkeling, but the reef is closer to shore and easier to access at Loblolly.
The north coast is a perfect playground for kitesurfing: Cross-onshore winds and the shelter provided by an offshore reef make the area around Keel Point ideal for this exhilarating water sport. Windsurfers and surfers are drawn to the waters near Ruffling Point on far northwest tip of Anegada.
Low cages adjacent to the government administration building are temporary home to dozens of critically endangered Anegada rock iguanas. The BVI National Parks Trust operates the iguana head-start facility, where hatchlings are housed until they grow large enough to survive on their own.
Before the 1960s, iguanas outnumbered people on Anegada. The creatures roamed the island's limestone wilderness, nesting in the summer, while finding plants, fruit, and the occasional centipede for food.
The Anegada rock iguana, also called the stout iguana, grows up to six feet long and can live up to 80 years. It is native to the entire Puerto Rican bank—the islands that stretch from Puerto Rico to St. Croix—but development has pushed the animals out of every island except Anegada, where for many years it was unbothered by hunting, human encroachment, or predators. But development brought new threats for the iguanas, particularly an upswing in the population of feral cats on Anegada. Cats, it turns out, like the taste of iguana hatchlings. Habitat loss and roaming livestock also contributed to their decline. By the early 1980s, estimates put the population at fewer than 300 animals.
In 1997 the BVI National Parks Trust opened an iguana head-start facility with a half dozen young hatchlings collected from the wild. Young iguanas live in screened in cages at the facility for about six years until they are large enough to survive on their own in the wild. Since the facility opened, more than 170 iguanas have been released, and scientists track their progress through satellite devices.
Iguanas do live in the wild, but they are difficult to find. The animals are shy, and they sense your presence long before you know they are there. If you do get near one, you will likely hear it scampering away through the bush before you can lay eyes on it. If you really want to glimpse an iguana—and they are worth seeing—visit the head-start facility.
The conditions around Anegada are ideal for kitesurfing, windsurfing, stand-up paddleboarding, and surfing. A variety of conditions, from flat-water lagoons to windy northeasterly facing beaches, create a variety of experiences perfect for beginners all the way up to experienced athletes.
Kitesurfing is the most popular board sport on Anegada, thanks largely to the presence of an excellent kitesurfing school and rental depot at Keel Point, where prevailing northeasterly wind makes the conditions perfect for learning the sport. More experienced riders will find endless options around the island.
Stand-up paddleboarding is another fun way to explore the shore, and it's easier to learn than kitesurfing; most people get the knack in less than an hour and then delight in the pleasure of exploring astride a board. Paddleboarding is especially easy and fun where there is little wind and chop: The Flats along the southern shore are ideal.
For more information about kitesurfing and stand-up paddleboarding on Anegada contact Tommy Gaunt Kitesurfing. Practitioners of other board sports—windsurfing and surfing—are more or less on their own. The break at West End, Anegada, is the most favored location around the island for surfing, but it is difficult to reach from the shore: You need a boat to get there.
Anegada has two excellent options for sportfishing: hunting for marlin and other game fish on the legendary North Drop, a deep-sea fishing ground near Anegada, and fly-fishing in the flats on the southern shore of the island.
The North Drop is a deep ocean trench that runs north of the Virgin Islands, reaching depths of 1,200 feet and more in places. Anegada is the closest of the Virgin Islands to this famed sportfishing ground, where anglers battle with blue marlin, wahoo, dorado, tuna, and other prized fish.
The game fish are attracted by clouds of baitfish—squid and flying fish among them—that congregate to feed off the upwelling currents that come out from the Drop. Sportfishers from St. Thomas, Tortola, and Virgin Gorda head up to the North Drop regularly, but boats based on Anegada have the shortest sail of all: a mere 20 minutes ride.
The other type of fishing on Anegada is fly-fishing for bonefish, one of the most elusive and challenging game fish around. Spend all or part of a day trying to catch one of these "gray ghosts," which have strength disproportionate to their small size and spook easily. Bonefish feed on the flats from Setting Point eastward to the end of the island, but if you really want to catch one, you will need a guide who knows how to find them.
During daylight hours, stroll out onto any of the restaurant docks in Setting Point, Anegada. You will find living lobsters, lots of them, kept in lobster pots just below the surface. Spiny, pink, and plump, these crustaceans were plucked from the reef by island fishers. They are destined for someone's dinner plate—perhaps yours?
No trip to Anegada is complete without a lobster lunch or dinner. Served simply with drawn butter and grilled by chefs who have been cooking lobster for generations, it is sweet, succulent, and one of reasons to come to this island.
Eating lobster is a messy undertaking, if you are going to do it right. Use your fork and fingers to get at the tail meat, and then ask for crackers to help you break into the arms where little morsels of sweet seafood await discovery. You'll need a second plate on which to place the emptied lobster shell as you work through your meal. Anegada lobster is cooked and served simply, with a small dish of drawn butter for dipping. Side dishes such as rice, potatoes, and vegetables often come separately in family-style platters. A whole lobster, served as two halves, with salad and sides, costs $50-55 and is the most commonly served portion; a half lobster usually costs $35-40.
Part of the pleasure of a lobster dinner is watching the ritual of its preparation. Around sunset, when all the dinner reservations have been made, you will find island chefs preparing the lobsters for dinner: cleaning, seasoning, and grilling them over open-air fires on the beach. It's a ritual that is interesting to watch, and if you come at the right moment, you can get a picture of yourself holding a lobster in each hand.
The BVI Tourist Board and restaurants on Anegada present an annual Lobster Festival every November on the weekend following American Thanksgiving. During the daylong event restaurants on Anegada prepare tasting menus featuring lobster in traditional and inventive preparations.
Anegada's Western Salt Ponds, declared a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention in 1999, cover more than a third of the island. They are home to migrating seabirds and shorebirds and are an important spawning area for a type of mullet fish. Before refrigeration, islanders used salt from the ponds to preserve meat and fish.
The ponds are a bird-watcher's paradise. A trained eye will spot ducks, plovers, sandpipers, herons (including great blue herons), kingfishers, falcons (including peregrine falcons), and flamingos, the most well-known birds to inhabit the ponds.
Greater flamingos are native to Anegada but by the 1980s were all but gone. In 1990, 20 birds were reintroduced in the Western Salt Ponds, where, to the delight of conservationists and the National Parks Trust, they have reproduced steadily and attracted several volunteers looking for a new place to live.
Estimates are that as many as 200 flamingos now call Anegada home.
It can be difficult to see the shy creatures, who spend most of their time wading in the parts of the salt ponds farthest away from roads and people. As you drive around the ponds, keep your eyes peeled for small dots of pink in the distance. Ask around in advance to find out which pond the birds have been frequenting recently. Regardless, binoculars are the best way to watch the birds, and a telephoto lens is required if you want to take good pictures of them. These wild flamingoes are not accustomed to people, so above all else don't try to get near them. Your presence will interfere with nesting, breeding, and feeding, and therefore threaten their continued survival.
The ponds are surrounded by scrubby plants, including several species of mangrove and a number of succulents, including one that Anegadians add to salads for a sharp, briny flavor. You will need a guide to help you identify this plant; don't start nibbling on everything you see. Keep your eyes open for Anegada's endemic plant species: Acacia anegadensis (poke-me-boy), Metastelma anegadensa (wire wist), and Cordial rupicola (black sage).
The Western Salt Ponds are a minimalist landscape: flat, mostly empty, with understated colors. Most tourists don't give them a second glance. But those who do are rewarded; they are uniquely beautiful and can be a nice place to walk if you grow weary of the beach—just keep track of your route so you don't get lost. A number of narrow roads feeding off the main road that circles the island provide easy access to the ponds. Keep in mind that the ponds expand and contract depending on the amount of rainfall, so be careful not to drive too close and get stuck in soft spots. Also be mindful that these lands are protected, so fishing, hunting, and otherwise extracting materials or animals from the ponds are illegal.
Planning Your Time
For most people, Anegada's chief attraction is not planning your time. The established must-dos—seeing the rare Anegada rock iguanas, taking a stroll along the dramatic north coast, eating a lobster, and spotting flamingos at the Western Salt Ponds—can easily be accomplished in a day. But people who love the island cannot get enough of its singular charms, and will want to stay a week or longer.
Overnight visitors to Anegada should assess just how much of the island's jarring solitude they want. Some people stay for weeks and leave rejuvenated; others feel stir-crazy after just a few nights. Regardless of your disposition, it is wise to pack a good book (or two) and a deck of cards, since most hotels do not have television and there is next to no nightlife.
Anegada is a good day-trip destination from Tortola or Virgin Gorda. Due to the lengthy ferry ride, it's a long day – but without question it will be a highlight of your vacation.
Getting to Anegada
Most people arrive by ferry from Tortola or Virgin Gorda. Ferry operators serving Anegada are the Road Town Fast Ferry and the Anegada Express. Inter-Island Boat Services offers occasional trips from St. Thomas and St. John to Anegada on weekends and special occasions.
The tiny Anegada air strip is located in the center of the island. Several air carriers provide charter flights from Tortola to Anegada on small three- to nine-seater aircraft. During peak tourist season, you may find scheduled flights, though this is hit or miss.
Getting around Anegada
Taxis will be at the dock if you arrive with a scheduled ferry on Anegada. If you are traveling with a charter, ask your charter company to arrange for a taxi or recommend one to you or call for one on Channel 16.
A rental car will give you the freedom to explore all corners of the island at your own pace. Expect to pay about $65 a day for a four-door four-wheel-drive vehicle. There are no road signs, few landmarks, and no streetlights, so expect to get a little turned around when you're driving—especially at night—even if you have a map. Driving hazards are few, but be aware of the livestock that roam the island, sometimes stopping to rest in the middle of the road.
Accommodations on Anegada are generally simple, yet comfortable. A clutch of hotels and guest houses along the southern shore are convenient to the ferry and restaurants. Accommodations on the north shore are closer to the beach, but more remote.


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Q: using dollar sign ($) as a password on ios7 simulator I've got stucked inputting a password account (in this case twitter and facebook) in ios 7.03 simulator setting. Its keep Appearing an alert that my account is wrong. Then, I tried on safari (safari in simulator) to input a similar account, and the result is same. But, if I tried to login in web, not in simulator, its hasn't a problem in my account.
I tried again, but this one I tried on ios 6.0 and 6.1 simulator, then the result is, I can login, through setting or in webview on safari. Is it a kind of issue in ios7 simulator or what?

A: I did a little research and the answer is, ios 7 simulator is not accept a dollar sign as a password input. Just dollar sign, the other character like pound(!), at(@), hash(#) and kind of that character is allowed to be a password input. I dont know why the reason ios 7 and ios 6 had a little different with this, but maybe apple had some good reason about security factor.

A: You can copy the $ symbol to clipboard and then paste into the password field. But you can't use paste from the Edit menu. You have to right click in the password field and paste that way. #bugs


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Since Sir Richard Branson launched Virgin Mobile Australia in 2000, we've challenged the status quo in Australian telecommunications. Here's a look back at some of our most memorable moments.


I have been on the move for as long as I can remember, since I was a kid with grubby knees crawling across the deck at our family home in the woods. Call it genetic predisposition. Call it the environmental engineering of my parents who both prefer active to passive activities. Call it whatever you want, but for better or worse, I am more relaxed when my body is in motion.
So, when my son, Charlie, was born premature with a rare syndrome that sent him home attached to cords and tubes, I found myself in the difficult position of being more stressed than I had ever been with no way to relieve it. In order to be the best mother I could be, I needed an outlet, something to release the pressure, but how could I go for a run with a child with a trach? Later, when he was diagnosed with cerebral palsy and it became clear that movement of any kind would be difficult for him, it hit home even harder. Here was a child who could not move his body with ease and here was I, his mother, who found herself easiest in movement.
But as any parent to a child with special needs can attest, nothing is impossible. The minute you say "never," you narrow your life and your child's. This is not a miracle story of Charlie learning to walk and then run and then win at the Special Olympics. This is the story of how we found a place in between, where movement looks different, but still eases both our psyches.
I started small. The day Charlie came home from the NICU, we went for our first family walk. Me, my husband, and Charlie headed down our street in one very slow march, along with the pulse-oximeter, the suction machine for the trach, and the dog. It was a circus. But it wasn't hot yet in late May and the magnolia trees had just blossomed and this would be the first time he was out in the world. I took a deep breath, the first real one since he'd been born. It was beautiful and perfect, for the first twenty yards. And then the pulse-oximeter fell off the stroller and cracked on the sidewalk. I panicked. My husband panicked. Charlie watched the leaves blow in the wind. It was the happiest I'd seen him and despite the kerfuffle, I let that sink in and began to hope. Maybe just maybe we could connect over this kind of movement together.
At seven months old, Charlie had surgery to reduce the size of his tongue. It was brutal and gruesome. It was also our longest stay in the hospital since the NICU. By the time we left, we were all paler and weaker and more tired than we had ever been. The presidential elections were one week after we were discharged. I could have driven up the street to our local voting spot at the agricultural center. But instead, I strapped Charlie in the Baby Bjorn, shouldered the suction machine and we went for a hike. It was a cool, early November afternoon. I was nervous Charlie would be too cold or tired, even in the carrier, but halfway up the hill, when we hit the gravel path that would take us up into the trees to the voting center, he smiled a huge smile with his newly shrunk tongue all covered in stitches and he laughed, and it was everything.
As he grew older, we walked twice a day in the summer when I was off from my teaching job. In the cool of early morning and the late evening when the fireflies lit our way, I would buckle him in the stroller long after he was too big to look "normal" in it. We drew stares, but who cares? We were out and moving and that was the point. He would beg for those walks and sign "more" when our house came into view and he knew it was almost done. After my twins were born, I bought a triple stroller and continued the tradition, albeit a little more slowly. And when he got his first wheelchair, we began an after-school ritual: walking laps at the local park. He would occasionally roll himself if he felt strong enough, but mostly I would push and talk about what we were having for dinner or doing that weekend, or I would point out the flowers I knew the names of and he would wave at all the people we passed.
We've found a way to hike together too, with Charlie in the hiking backpack that can hold him almost until he grows taller than me. We've hiked the Colorado Rockies on vacation and the Tennessee foothills that are our home. We have discovered what I never thought we would: a way to find freedom in movement together.


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Alberta's Freedom of Information procedures are approaching crisis territory according to Jill Clayton, the Information and Privacy Commissioner for Alberta.
Clayton says one of the main issues is the lack of respect for the procedure across the government.
This is critical because freedom of information allows people and organizations, to hold the government to account.
A report found wait times are too long and a lack of staff in an inefficient process. Also odd is that the head of the agency and the senior financial officer review every single request that comes through the door instead of just going through a co-ordinator.
These senior officials don't actually have the authority to be involved in the access process, so this could actually be a violation of the rules in itself especially since some of those officials have the power to authorize requests be disregarded.
Not surprisingly, it seems some requests for certain groups are being pushed to the back burner.
Last year, investigations were ordered on Alberta Justice, Public Affairs and Executive council by requests from the Wildrose Party. The Wildrose say they want to fire some managers and move resources to frontline staff, transition to electronic records, end department interference and change the fee structure - the fee structure that allows the government to charge us thousands of dollars for information.
The more sensitive the information is, the more the NDP don't want you to see it and the higher the price tag.
Freedom of access to information that reveals what the government you elected in is up to is a cornerstone of democracy and the NDP are making it harder for people to to so.
This demonstrates the lack of respect they have for the public and at the very least, should prompt questions about what the government has to hide.
Remember when the NDP claimed a mandate for transparency upon election? Well, so much for that.
I've made 64,000 USD so far this year w0rking 0nline and I'm a full time student. I'm using an 0nline business opportunity I heard about and I've made such great m0ney. It's really user friendly and I'm just so happy that I found out about it..
Lack of disrespect? Sounds like a blooper.
Imagine, the Non-Democratic Party being Non-Democratic. The unelected, regressive mercenaries from out of province are calling the shots in the bureaucracy and they, with their public service union buds, don't want It known how much they have extorted from Alberta.
One can always ask their elected Non-Democratic Party MLA for information and it will be immediately forthcoming, because they are the elected representatives standing up for their constituents. Seriously, they are…you just have to haul one out from under their desk and they will tell you so.
36 months, 28 days to the next election.
Brain Dead Socialist Marxist, ndp morons. Go to Hell in a Basket, you are needed there and it is all you are good for.
Sarah Hoffman is sitting on all the information and they have to hire a crane to lift her up every time there is a request. That gets costly.
Secretive governments always have something to hide from the voter – notice I said voter, instead of media, because the MSM was co-opted into the deep state (the government you don't see) decades ago and has no interest in digging to keep the government accountable, not in any meaningful way.
FOI was implemented, not as a means for public access to info or government transparency, but as an early warning device to alert government/bureaucrats that someone is nosing around in areas where their malfeasance is vulnerable to exposure – the request gives them time to paper shred incriminating docs and fabricate plausible deniability – and what you get for exorbitant costs is redacted so badly it is indecipherable and really proves nothing because of the blanks in the information.
This is how your banana republic junta operates – it's genetic in degenerate socialists to become unaccountable and despotic – statist socialist corruption is inherent, it's just a matter of degree and geography.
Its what communist union pigs do.
Global elitists always think that they are superior to the peasants. The actions of these Marxists says it all, that they do not have the backing of the people, so they will lie and distort the information, and will hide their trail, even when its against the law to do so. Their constant assault on the citizens of AB is coming to an end in the next election.
Holly, just a small correction.
Every gov't engages in this stonewalling. It's time to clean the Canadian swamp and pick politicians who will actually work for US. I'm tired of the secrecy, backroom dealing, corruption, lies and . . . well, you get it.


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01. MATTHEW WATSON & DANIEL THOMAS FREEMAN - Blackened Crystal
02. MATTHEW WATSON & DANIEL THOMAS FREEMAN - A Walk Up Eldon Street/Hunting Through a Locked Door/Falcon (For Jay Ali)/Burning Fields III
03. MATTHEW WATSON & DANIEL THOMAS FREEMAN - Dobrudden
04. MATTHEW WATSON & DANIEL THOMAS FREEMAN - Descent from the Bridge
05. MATTHEW WATSON & DANIEL THOMAS FREEMAN - The Moorland Broke Loose
06. MATTHEW WATSON & DANIEL THOMAS FREEMAN - ...On Calderdale Ridge
07. MATTHEW WATSON & DANIEL THOMAS FREEMAN - Leave This Place
08. MATTHEW WATSON & DANIEL THOMAS FREEMAN - Waiting for the Brake Lights
09. MATTHEW WATSON & DANIEL THOMAS FREEMAN - Monument I
10. MATTHEW WATSON & DANIEL THOMAS FREEMAN - High Tension Wires/The Infinite and the Unknowable (Excerpt II)
11. MATTHEW WATSON & DANIEL THOMAS FREEMAN - Monkey Puzzle
12. MATTHEW WATSON & DANIEL THOMAS FREEMAN - Burning Fields I
13. MATTHEW WATSON & DANIEL THOMAS FREEMAN - Gorse Wind
14. MATTHEW WATSON & DANIEL THOMAS FREEMAN - Under the Sodium Lights
15. MATTHEW WATSON & DANIEL THOMAS FREEMAN - Doubt
16. MATTHEW WATSON & DANIEL THOMAS FREEMAN - Codeine Fuzz
17. MATTHEW WATSON & DANIEL THOMAS FREEMAN - Heath Land Siren
WATSON & DANIEL THOMAS FREEMAN, MATTHEW
Catch Me Daddy OST
IMPREC 424CD IMPREC 424CD
"The crystal in men's heads / Blackened and fell to pieces. / The valleys went out. / The moorlands broke loose" --from "Heptonstall Old Church" by Ted Hughes. So begins Catch Me Daddy (2014), the award-winning feature film directed by Daniel Wolfe and written by Wolfe and his brother Matthew. The film's score consists of beautiful and bleak wind-ravaged music from Matthew Watson (aka Matthew Wolfe) and Daniel Thomas Freeman (whose 2011 debut album The Beauty of Doubting Yourself Norman Records described as "a profoundly moving piece of music... highly recommended"). Set in the desperate and unrelenting West Yorkshire moors, the film follows Laila, a British Pakistani girl, and her Scottish drifter boyfriend, Aaron, in their attempts to escape Laila's violently protective family. The film was screened as part of the Directors' Fortnight section of the 2014 Cannes Film Festival; star Sameena Jabeen Ahmed was named Best British Newcomer at the 2014 London Film Festival; and Ahmed was named Most Promising Newcomer at the 2014 British Independent Film Awards, where she was also nominated for Best Actress, the film was nominated for Best Achievement in Production, cinematographer Robbie Ryan was nominated for Best Technical Achievement, and the Wolfe brothers were nominated for The Douglas Hickox Award. Taking inspiration from such classics as Popul Vuh's score to Werner Herzog's Aguirre, the Wrath of God (1972), Carmine and Francis Ford Coppala's Apocalypse Now (1979) soundtrack, and the opening moments of High Plains Drifter (1973), combined with the influence of Swans, Tim Hecker, and English Tudor-period choral music, Watson and Wolfe's score uses a deliberately limited instrumental palette of piano, percussion, and oscillators, twisted, gnarled, and ghosted beyond recognition to realize the sound of the biting moorland wind as it hammers against metal doors and rusted corrugated roofs and sings in lonely high tension wires and as distant choirs howl into the swirling darkness. The album is completed by a further seven unused themes selected and re-worked from the five hours of music written for the film. "Monkey Puzzle" and "Burning Fields I" narrate the original beauty and innocence of Laila and Aaron's dream, whereas "Gorse Wind" is forever lost in the moorland blackness. The oscillators and ghosts of "Under the Sodium Lights" and "Doubt" lead into the monumental distortion slabs and requiem of "Codeine Fuzz" before, finally, "Heath Land Siren" issues its rusted animal warning across the rain-sodden hills.
Other releases on IMPORTANT RECORDS


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Third set of acts completes 2019 Folk on the Rocks lineup
Published: April 19, 2019 at 10:00am Ollie Williams April 19, 2019 Last modified: April 19, 2019 at 11:26am
Fiver appears in a 2015 photo uploaded to her Facebook page.
An artist who gave voice to 19th-century asylum inmates is among those announced to appear at this year's Folk on the Rocks festival in Yellowknife.
Fiver, aka Simone Schmidt, produced 2017 album Audible Songs from Rockwood, featuring songs based on the stories of women held at an institution "for the criminally insane" almost 150 years ago.
Montreal garage rock band Light Bulb Alley, Igloolik singer Lazarus Qattalik, and Indigenous musician Leanne Betasamosake Simpson were also announced on Friday, in the festival's last of three lineup reveals.
Other acts confirmed on Friday include Frosty Children's Theatre, Brent McCambridge, Harmony On Mars, Aurora Fiddle Society, Beverly Glenn Copeland, and Avery Zingel.
Earlier in the year, Folk on the Rocks had already confirmed headliners Wintersleep, Alex Cuba, La Force, and Lido Pimienta.
Fiver's Schmidt is described on her website as "writing new life into and around folk, country, and rock songs."
Psychedelic rock group The Highest Order, of which she is a part, attended last year's festival.
Light Bulb Alley features Allister Quinn, from Yellowknife, and a range of other musicians who've spent more than a decade playing in Montreal.
The band is in the process of releasing new album Lights and Shades.
Lineup reveal one: Wintersleep, Lido Pimenta, and more
Lineup reveal two: La Force, Alex Cuba, and more
Leanne Betasamosake Simpson, who is Mississauga Nishnaabeg, has taught at universities across Canada and has more than two decades' experience in on-the-land education – including teaching at the NWT's own Dechinta.
Lazarus Qattalik has played festivals in the Yukon and Nunavut. Ten years after writing his first song, Qattalik released his first album, Iqippagit, last year.
Folk on the Rocks takes place from July 12-14, 2019. Early-bird tickets remain available.
Cabin Radio will, for the second year, broadcast full, live coverage from all three days of the festival, based at the Cabin Stage in the centre of the festival site. (Watch out for new merch, too!)


I have been in Israel for two weeks. I am almost exclusively spending my time in Jerusalem, and the reason for that is because it is the place that I know best, it feels like home (and I am not making aliyah). It was eight years ago that I studied here for 10 months as a first-year HUC rabbinic student.
It was 2003-2004 and Jerusalem was a different place. For those of you that I used to write emails to, you might remember my reflections on the heightened state of terror. At that time I went to see the separation fence as it was being constructed. There was a sense in Jerusalem that this was the only hope of stopping the terror attacks and believe me, they needed to stop. I know that I still live with a measure of post-traumatic stress. Even now, eight years later, I can remember where the bombs went off and people died and were injured.
As much as it raises a profound ethical dilemma for me, the separation fence seems to have work (there will be another post about this at another time). Jerusalem is a city transformed. People are out eating in cafes, riding on buses without fear, and going about their daily lives. Jerusalemites did this in 2003-2004 also. They are more resilient than I am.
In restaurants I am not consistently asked by a guard to look inside my bag, some restaurants don't employ them anymore. Almost every night in the German Colony or the Midrachov or the new Mamilla Mall complex there are tons of people walking around. There are the requisite tourists who were certainly absent in 2003-2004, though more significantly there are Israelis walking, shopping, and doing their thing.
At Machane Yehuda there was still security though it was on a different scale then 2003-2004 and when I went there last Friday it was jammed. Speaking of Machane Yehuda, it looks completely different! Perhaps it is gentrification though I would describe it more as a general sprucing up of the place. It was a joy to shop and get the Shabbat essentials. (Yes it included Marzipan chocolate ruggelah though I would also recommend the cinnamon and there is a new store of the same fantastic bakery on Rachel Imeinu).
There is so much more to say. For now, I'm so happy to be here.
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