A method of and a system for processing an enterpise an application request on an end user application and an application server. This is accomplished by initiating the application request on the end user application in a first language (such as a markup language) with a first application program (such as a Web browser), and transmitting the application request to the server and converting the application from the first language of the first end user application to a language running on the application server, processing the application request on the application server, and transmitting the response from the application server back to the end user application, and converting the response from the language running on the application server to the language of the end user application. The end user application and the application server have at least one connector between them, and the steps of (i) converting the application request from the language of the end user application (as a source language) to the language running on the application server (as a target language), and (ii) converting the response to the application request from the language running on the application server (as a source language) to the language of the end user application (as a target language), each include the steps of invoking connector metamodels of the respective source and target languages, populating the connector metamodels with metamodel data of each of the respective source and target languages, and converting the source language to the target language.
It is also to be understood, that while the invention has been summarized in terms of individual clients and individual servers, there may be multiple clients, multiple servers, and applications that function as both clients and servers, as exemplified by groupware applications, and there might be multiple parallel lines and/or multiple hierarchical levels of application servers, data servers, and databases, as in systems for rich transactions.
FIG. 18 illustrates a commercial transaction where real goods are shipped from a seller to a buyer, and various forms of electronic payment and secured electronic payment are used by the buyer to pay the seller, with banks and financial institutions connected using the common application metamodel described herein.
Common Application Metamodel Overview. The Common Application Metamodel (CAM) brings interconnectivity to the environment illustrated in FIG. 1. FIG. 1 illustrates a typical system  101 with multiple application components, including a Netscape Internet Explorer browser 103, Net.Commerce 105 on a Sun Solaris server 107, Oracle 109 and DB2 111 on a database server 113, SAP 115 running on AIX 117, a CICS 390 server 119, an IMS 390 server 121, DB2 123 and DL/I 125 on a S/390 platform 127, a Windows 2000 client 129, and Baan 131 running on an HP Unix server 133. The Common Application Metamodel (CAM) is metadata interchange method, tool, and system for marshaling and applying information needed for accessing enterprise applications, such as in FIG. 1, in a source language and converting them to a target language. CAM consists of language metamodels and application domain interface metamodels, as shown in FIG. 2, which illustrates the roles of message sets 203, SQL stored procedures 205, legacy applications 207, and programming languages 209 as inputs to the metadata repository 211 of the Common Application Metamodel to facilitate enterprise application integration 221.
Exemplary metamodels include C, C++, Java, COBOL, PL/I, HL Assembler, IMS transaction messages, IMS MFS, CICS BMS, and MQSeries messages models, as shown in FIG. 3, which illustrates the Common Application Metamodel of the invention, with an invocation metamodel  301, an application-domain interface metamodel 303, and a language metamodel 305.
FIG. 4 illustrates an IMS OTMA application interface metamodel  411, with an OTMA Invocation Metamodel 421, an IMS Transaction Message Metamodel 423, a COBOL Metamodel 425, and a C Metamodel 427.
FIG. 5 illustrates the flow of information from an existing application  501, through an interface 503 to an object model containing application interface metadata. This application interface metamodel is stored in the metadata repository 505, and, at an appropriate time, retrieved from the metadata repository 505, combined with a source program 507 in a generation tool 509, and used to generate a target file 511, as an XML file, i.e., an XMI instance file. CAM is highly reusable and independent of any particular tool or middleware.
In this regard, FIG. 6 illustrates a development phase scenario where a Common Application Metamodel Rose file  601, e.g., a COBOL metamodel, a PL/I metamodel, an MFS metamodel, a BMS model, or the like is read into a toolkit 603, to generate a DTD and schema for a Rose model and Java code for a Rose model 605. A source file of an application 607, as a COBOL source file, a PL/I source file, an MFS source file, a BMS source file, or the like, and the Java code for the Rose model 609 are read into an Importer 611. The importer parses the source code and provides, as output, an XMI instance file 613, i.e., XML documents, of the application source files.
FIG. 7 shows a CAM metamodel for application interfaces. This Figure depicts a runtime connector  701 with invocation and transformation capabilities, interfacing with an existing application program 703 through an interface 705 containing the existing application program's interface definition, in accordance with the application interface metamodel 707. The Application Interface metadata is stored in a metadata repository 709.
The flow and messaging middleware  713 invokes applications 703 through the application interfaces 705. These interfaces 705 are the access points to the applications 703 through which all input and output is connected to the middleware 713. The interfaces 705 are described in terms of the Application Interface Metamodel. Transformation processing according to the metamodel could take place in source/client applications, target applications, or a gateway.
FIG. 8 illustrates the application of the Common Application Metamodel during run time. As shown, SOAP compliant XML documents  803 are received in, for example, IBM WebSphere middleware, 805, which contains an IMSConnector for Java 807, and is in contact with an XML Repository 809, containing the XMI instance files for the CAM model. The IBM WebSphere middleware sends the transformed file to the IMS system 811, which contains an instance of IMS Connect 813 and the IMS transactional application program 815. CAM facilitates connectivity between the back-end IMS application 815 and the Web file (e.g., SOAP compliant XML documents) 803. The CAM accomplishes this by using CAM model information (from repository 809) to perform data transformations from one platform to another in the mixed language environment shown.
The common connector metamodel is illustrated in FIG. 3. It has an Invocation Metamodel  301, an Application-Domain Interface Metamodel 303, and a Language Metamodel 305.
The invocation metamodel  301 consists of one or more of the following possible metadata elements. However, for a particular invocation, it could include only one or many of the following metadata elements.
The application-domain interface metamodel  303, as discussed earlier, describes signatures for input and output parameters and return types for application system domains.
The language metamodel  305, e.g. COBOL metamodel, is used by enterprise application programs to define data structures (semantics) which represent connector interfaces. It is important to connector tools to show a connector developer the source language, the target language, and the mapping between the two. The CAM language metamodel also includes the declaration text in the model which is not editable (i.e. read-only model). Because the connector/adapter developer would probably prefer to see the entire COBOL data declaration, including comments and any other documentation that would help him/her understand the business role played by each field in the declaration.
As shown in FIG. 4, an IMS OTMA connector metamodel  401 is composed of an invocation metamodel 403 and an IMS transaction message metamodel 405, as well as a COBOL metamodel 407 and a C metamodel 409. As depicted in FIG. 4, the invocation metamodel 401 is the OTMA prefix, and the IMS transaction message metamodel 405 is the application-domain interface metamodel for the IMS application system which uses language metamodels. Metamodels for COBOL 407 and C 409 are shown.
FIG. 9 illustrates the structure of the TDLang Metamodel, with the TDLangClassifier  501, the TDLangComposedType 503 and the TDLangElement 505.
This metamodel is a MOF Class instance at the M2 level. FIG. 10 shows the relationships within the type descriptor Metamodel, including the PlatformCompilerType  601, the InstanceTDBase 603, the ArrayTD 605, the AggregateInstanceTD 607, the Simple InstanceTD 609, and the InstanceType 611. The InstanceType 611 comprises definitions of the StringTD 613, the AddressTD 615, the NumberTD 617, and the FloatTD 619. FIG. 11 illustrates a higher level view of the TDLanguageElement and the PlatformCompilerType 601. FIG. 12 illustrates enumerations of signCoding 801, lengthEncoding 803, floatType 805, accessor 807, packedDecimalSign 809, and bitModePad 811.
This typedef can be used to create a new typedef for a fixed size array, e.g.
The first argument in the above val function is 1, which indicates the current structure, c. The subsequent arguments are 2 and 3, indicating that the third element, c 7, of the second level-2 field, c4, is the field to be dereferenced.
So if b 1 contains the value 3, then this formula becomes add(8,mod(neg(3),4)), which evaluates to 9. I.e., there is one byte of padding between the structure b and the structure c.
A label constant is a name written as the label prefix of a statement (other than PROCEDURE, ENTRY, PACKAGE, or FORMAT) so that during execution, program-control can be transferred to that statement through a reference to it. In the following line of code, for example, Abcde is a label constant.
This example specifies that the first N characters in the stream are treated as a character string and assigned to NAME. The next 2 characters are skipped. The next  6 are assigned to DATA in character format. The next 6 characters are considered an optionally signed decimal fixed-point constant and assigned to SALARY.
P, E 1, and E2 are entry constants. EV is an entry variable. The first CALL statement invokes the entry point El. The second CALL invokes the entry point E2.
Using the connector method and system, the dealer and customer would configure and order the car at a terminal  3901. The configuration and order entry would be sent to the manufacturer's server 3911. The manufacturer's server queries the servers 3921, 3931, and 3441, (where server 3921 could be the server for the manufacturer's in house components business and for its purchasing function) or its direct vendors, who in turn query third sub-vendors, 3923, 3933, and 3933. The queries could be in the form of "fill in the blank" SQL queries, subject to access authorizations. The sub-vendor servers, 3923, 3933, and 3443 specialized views to the vendor's servers 3921, 3931, 3441, as clients, which in turn would present specialized views to the manufacturer's server 3911 as a client. The data returned to the manufacturer's server 3911 could be optimized with optimization and production scheduling applications, to present a serial number and delivery date to the buyer at the dealer's server.
FIG. 17 illustrates a group ware session spread across multiple group ware applications running on multiple, disparate platforms, and connected by the connectors described herein. Specifically illustrated are two groupware systems  4010 and 4020. Each system contains e-mail enables applications, 4013 and 4023, such as e-mail, schedule/calendar, word processor, spread sheet, graphics, and CTI (computer telephony integration). These are supported by message API's 4015, 4025 and operating systems, 4017 and 4027, and local groupware servers 4011 and 4021. Each of the local groupware servers, 4011 and 4021, has a connector of the present invention, an e-mail server, an e-mail data base, a directory server, and a replication database. The two groupware servers 4011 and 4021 communicate over a telecommunications medium, as the Net, a LAN, a WAN, or even the PSTN.
FIG. 18 illustrates a commercial transaction where real goods are shipped from a seller to a buyer, and various forms of electronic payment and secured electronic payment are used by the buyer to pay the seller, with banks and financial institutions connected through the connectors described herein. Specifically, a merchant or manufacturer  4101 sells a product to a customer 4103 that he has no "history" with. The product is shipped 4605. However, the buyer 4103 does not wish to be parted from his money until the goods are received, inspected, approved, and "accepted", while the seller 4101 does not want to give up control of the goods until he has been paid. This fundamental commercial conflict has led to various paradigms, most involving hard copy "near moneys" or instruments of one form or another. Today, the financial transactions are most frequently those involving electronic fund transfers, and electronic versions of notes, instruments, negotiable instruments, documentary drafts, payment orders, letters of credit, warehouse receipts, delivery orders, bills of lading, including claims on goods, that is, documents of title that purport to transfer title or physical custody of goods to the bearer or to a named person, and security interests in goods. Typically, the customer 4103 executes an instrument in favor of the seller 4101, directing the buyer's bank 4121 to pay buyer's money to the seller 4101 through seller's bank 4125. Normally, this is a simple electronic transaction between buyers and sellers who have dealt with each other before, dealing through banks or financial intermediaries who have dealt with each other before, and who are using the same or compatible software applications. However, in the extraordinary case where these preconditions are not satisfied, the connectors of the invention facilitate the electronic, bank-to-bank, side of the transaction.
3) converting the source language to the PL/I arget language.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the end user application is a web browser.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the end user application is connected to the application server through a web server, and the web server comprises an connector.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the metamodel metadata comprises invocation metamodel metadata, application domain interface metamodel metadata, and type descriptor metamodel metadata.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the invocation metamodel metadata is chosen from the group consisting of message control information, security data, transactional semantics, trace and debug information, pre-condition and post-condition resources, and user data.
6. The method of claim 4 wherein the application domain interface metamodel metadata comprises input parameter signatures, output parameter signatures, and return types.
7. The method of claim 4 wherein the application domain interface metamodel metadata further includes language metamodel metadata.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the language metamodel metadata includes mappings between source and target languages.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the source language is object oriented, and the language metamodel metadata maps encapsulated objects into code and data.
11. The method of claim 4 wherein the type descriptor metamodel metadata defines physical realizations, storage mapping, data types, data structures, and realization constraints.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the transaction is a rich transaction comprising a plurality of individual transactions, and further comprising processing the plurality of individual transactions on one end user application and a plurality of application servers.
13. The method of claim 12 comprising passing individual transactions among individual application servers.
3) invoking the retrieved, populated connector metamodels and converting the source language to the target language.
15. The system of claim 14 wherein the end user application is a web browser.
16. The system of claim 15 wherein the end user application is connected to the application server through a web server, and the web server comprises an connector.
17. The system of claim 14 wherein the metamodel metadata comprises invocation metamodel metadata, application domain interface metamodel metadata, and type descriptor metamodel metadata.
18. The system of claim 17 wherein the invocation metamodel metadata is chosen from the group consisting of message control information, security data, transactional semantics, trace and debug information, pre-condition and post-condition resources, and user data.
19. The system of claim 17 wherein the application domain interface metamodel metadata comprises input parameter signatures, output parameter signatures, and return types.
20. The system of claim 17 wherein the application domain interface metamodel metadata further includes language metamodel metadata.
21. The system of claim 20 wherein the language metamodel metadata includes mappings between source and target languages.
22. The system of claim 23 wherein the source language is object oriented, and the language metamodel metadata maps encapsulated objects into code and data.
24. The system of claim 18 wherein the type descriptor metamodel metadata defines physical realizations, storage mapping, data types, data structures, and realization constraints.
25. The system of claim 14 wherein said system has a plurality of application servers and is configured and controlled to process rich transactions.
3) converting the source language to the target language.
27. The system of claim 26 wherein the end user application is a web browser.
28. The system of claim 27 wherein the end user application is connected to the application server through a web server, and the web server comprises an connector.
29. The system of claim 26 wherein the metamodel metadata comprises invocation metamodel metadata, application domain interface metamodel metadata, and type descriptor metamodel metadata.
30. The system of claim 29 wherein the invocation metamodel metadata is chosen from the group consisting of message control information, security data, transactional semantics, trace and debug information, pre-condition and post-condition resources, and user data.
31. The system of claim 29 wherein the application domain interface metamodel metadata comprises input parameter signatures, output parameter signatures, and return types.
32. The system of claim 29 wherein the application domain interface metamodel metadata further includes language metamodel metadata.
33. The system of claim 32 wherein the language metamodel metadata includes mappings between source and target languages.
34. The system of claim 33 wherein the source language is object oriented, and the language metamodel metadata maps encapsulated objects into code and data.
35. The method of claim 33 wherein the source language and the target language are different object oriented languages, and the language metamodel metadata maps encapsulated code and data between the languages.
37. The system of claim 29 wherein the type descriptor metamodel metadata defines physical realizations, storage mapping, data types, data structures, and realization constraints.
38. The system of claim 26 wherein said system has a plurality of application servers and is configured and controlled to process rich transactions.
39. A program product comprising a storage medium having invocation metamodel metadata, application domain interface metamodel metadata, and language metamodel metadata, and computer instructions for building a metamode metadata repository of source and PL/I target language metamodel metadata.
40. The program product of claim 39 further comprising computer instructions for building connector stubs from said metamodel metadata.
42. The program product of claim 41 wherein the metamodel metadata in the repository comprises invocation metamodel metadata, application domain interface metamodel metadata, and type descriptor metamodel metadata.
43. The program product of claim 42 wherein the invocation metamodel metadata is chosen from the group consisting of message control information, security data, transactional semantics, trace and debug information, pre-condition and post-condition resources, and user data.
44. The program product of claim 42 wherein the application domain interface metamodel metadata comprises input parameter signatures, output parameter signatures, and return types.
45. The program product of claim 42 wherein the application domain interface metamodel metadata further includes language metamodel metadata.
46. The program product of claim 45 wherein the language metamodel metadata includes mappings between source and target languages.
47. The program product of claim 46 wherein the source is object oriented, and the language metamodel metadata maps encapsulated objects into code and data.
48. The program product of claim 46 wherein the language metamodel metadata maps object inheritances into references and pointers.
49. The program product of claim 43 wherein the type descriptor metamodel metadata defines physical realizations, storage mapping, data types, data structures, and realization constraints.


Robert Burbidge is a professional composer and producer from the North West of England.
Initially classically trained, as an orchestral member he's performed at prestigious venues such as the Royal Albert Hall; he went on to work with brass and jazz bands before becoming a respected session trumpeter, playing live over a Louie Vega and Plump DJs set.
His passion for sound and creativity led him to establishing the collective known as Rubberlips, directing locally sourced talent and collaborating and recording with prominent figures within the contemporary electronic music scene.
Robert's arrangements embrace influences from across the musical landscape, yet he designs and creates a sound that also gestures to the present and the future; an approach reflected in his selection of live instrumentation and cutting-edge software. Skilled production techniques combined with an artistic desire and drive, allow for a sound full of depth, texture, and an all-important groove to emerge.
Robert is currently working on an album executively produced by Sylvia Massy, renowned for her work with Prince, Johnny Cash and the Red Hot Chili Peppers; also in collaboration with Day, a singer/songwriter who uses multimedia content to create immersive worlds of sound and vision. Testament once again to Robert's highly regarded musicianship and curiosity for forward-thinking experimentation within the studio. The album promises lush, cinematic soundscapes through Robert's signature skills combining live instruments and electronic beats.
To discuss booking Robert for your future studio-based music projects, soundtracks, remixing or collaborations please email mgmt@rubberlips.co.uk.
Please make all enquiries to management – Attn: Jacqui Thompson mgmt@rubberlips.co.uk.
All photography © Arturo Castillo.


text:
Self-organizable panel for assembling DIY ubiquitous computing
Naohiko Kohtake, Ryo Ohsawa, Takuro Yonezawa, Masayuki Iwai, Kazunori Takashio, Hideyuki Tokuda
This paper proposes the concept of DIY (do-it-yourself) ubiquitous computing, an architecture allowing non-experts to establish ubiquitous computing environments in the real world. This concept has been implemented in the "u-Texture", which is a self-organizable panel that works as a building block. While the traditional scheme attaches devices such as computers, sensors, and network equipments externally to make everyday objects smart, the u-Texture has these devices built in beforehand to assemble smart objects. The u-Texture can change its own behavior autonomously through recognition of its location, its angle of inclination, and surrounding environment by assembling these factors physically. This paper describes the design, the implementation, and various applications of u-Textures to confirm that the concept can contribute to establishment of ubiquitous computing environments in the real world without expert users.
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Building block
Non-expert
Self-organizable panel
u-Texture
Dive into the research topics of 'Self-organizable panel for assembling DIY ubiquitous computing'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Ubiquitous Computing Business & Economics 100%
self-initiated work Social Sciences 87%
Texture Business & Economics 84%
Ubiquitous computing Engineering & Materials Science 69%
Sensor Business & Economics 18%
expert Social Sciences 13%
Sensors Engineering & Materials Science 8%
Kohtake, N., Ohsawa, R., Yonezawa, T., Iwai, M., Takashio, K., & Tokuda, H. (2007). Self-organizable panel for assembling DIY ubiquitous computing. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 11(7), 591-606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-006-0118-z
Self-organizable panel for assembling DIY ubiquitous computing. / Kohtake, Naohiko; Ohsawa, Ryo; Yonezawa, Takuro et al.
In: Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, Vol. 11, No. 7, 01.10.2007, p. 591-606.
Kohtake, N, Ohsawa, R, Yonezawa, T, Iwai, M, Takashio, K & Tokuda, H 2007, 'Self-organizable panel for assembling DIY ubiquitous computing', Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 591-606. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-006-0118-z
Kohtake N, Ohsawa R, Yonezawa T, Iwai M, Takashio K, Tokuda H. Self-organizable panel for assembling DIY ubiquitous computing. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing. 2007 Oct 1;11(7):591-606. doi: 10.1007/s00779-006-0118-z
Kohtake, Naohiko ; Ohsawa, Ryo ; Yonezawa, Takuro et al. / Self-organizable panel for assembling DIY ubiquitous computing. In: Personal and Ubiquitous Computing. 2007 ; Vol. 11, No. 7. pp. 591-606.
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N2 - This paper proposes the concept of DIY (do-it-yourself) ubiquitous computing, an architecture allowing non-experts to establish ubiquitous computing environments in the real world. This concept has been implemented in the "u-Texture", which is a self-organizable panel that works as a building block. While the traditional scheme attaches devices such as computers, sensors, and network equipments externally to make everyday objects smart, the u-Texture has these devices built in beforehand to assemble smart objects. The u-Texture can change its own behavior autonomously through recognition of its location, its angle of inclination, and surrounding environment by assembling these factors physically. This paper describes the design, the implementation, and various applications of u-Textures to confirm that the concept can contribute to establishment of ubiquitous computing environments in the real world without expert users.
AB - This paper proposes the concept of DIY (do-it-yourself) ubiquitous computing, an architecture allowing non-experts to establish ubiquitous computing environments in the real world. This concept has been implemented in the "u-Texture", which is a self-organizable panel that works as a building block. While the traditional scheme attaches devices such as computers, sensors, and network equipments externally to make everyday objects smart, the u-Texture has these devices built in beforehand to assemble smart objects. The u-Texture can change its own behavior autonomously through recognition of its location, its angle of inclination, and surrounding environment by assembling these factors physically. This paper describes the design, the implementation, and various applications of u-Textures to confirm that the concept can contribute to establishment of ubiquitous computing environments in the real world without expert users.
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Canon U.S.A., Inc. has introduced a new multimedia projector category that combines the picture quality of larger installation projectors with the convenience of portable models. Known as Pro AV Compact Installation LCOS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon) Projectors, the new product category consists of the Canon REALiS WUX450, REALiS WUX400ST, REALiS WX520, and REALiS WX450ST Pro AV Compact Installation LCOS Projectors. All are under 14 lbs. each.
The new Canon REALiS WUX450 and REALiS WX520 projectors offer placement flexibility with their lens that delivers a consistent fixed aperture of f/2.8 allowing for no light loss across its 1.8x zoom range.
Designed for short-throw use, the new Canon REALiS WUX400ST and REALiS WX450ST Pro AV Compact Installation LCOS Projectors are equipped with a 1.35x zoom lens with horizontal and vertical lens-shift adjustability for distortion-free image quality in environments where the projector must be located close to the screen or display surface.
The REALiS WUX450 and REALiS WUX400ST provide WUXGA (1920 x1200) resolution imagery with 4500 and 4000 lumens of brightness, respectively. The REALiS WX520 and REALiS WX450ST provide WXGA+ (1440 x 900) resolution imagery with 5200 and 4500 lumens, respectively. All models deliver a 2000:1 contrast ratio, 16:10 widescreen aspect ratio images, connectivity and management controls, image-processing and edge-blending capabilities, energy efficiency, and a lower total cost of ownership as compared to previous models.
Approximately 25 percent smaller than previous Canon Pro AV Series projectors, the new projectors feature a new heat-exhaust design and a flat chassis which allows for a wide variety of installation-placement choices. Optional feet can be installed on the top of each projector for inverted ceiling-type mounts. Two units can be stacked to double light output, yet still fit into a compact space. The 1.8x zoom lens built into the REALiS WUX450 and REALiS WX520 includes a mechanical lens-shift feature for increased installation flexibility, enabling both projectors to be installed vertically, pointing up or downwards.
Meeting mode – to share a participant's screen with everyone (or share between remote sites via the Internet).
Classroom mode – allows an instructor to select which PC screen to project; up to four PC screens can be shown simultaneously.
Broadcast mode – images can be projected at multiple sites simultaneously.
Direct mode – enables a projector to be connected directly to a PC using a LAN cable.
Input terminals on the projectors include a USB port for "PC-less" presentations of JPEGs and other content directly from a thumb drive or other USB-equipped flash-memory data storage device (and for firmware updates). Other inputs include DVI, component video, HDMI, and two mini-jack audio inputs. A Picture-by-Picture Processor allows for the simultaneous use of HDMI and DVI in split-screen mode. A 5-watt mono speaker is built-in for audio playback without peripheral components.
The new Canon REALiS WUX450, REALiS WUX450 D, REALiS WX520, and REALiS WX520 D Pro AV Compact Installation LCOS Projectors have suggested list prices of $5,499.00, $6,199.00, $4,999.000 and $5,699.00, respectively. All are expected to be available through authorized Canon dealers by September 2013.
The new Canon REALiS WUX400ST, REALiS WUX400ST D, REALiS WX520ST and REALiS WX450ST D Pro AV Compact Installation LCOS Projectors have suggested list prices of $6,899.00, $7,499.00, $6,299.00 and $6,899.00, and are expected to be available by September 2013.
For more information, visit www.usa.canon.com/projectors.


text:
James Collins KC
HomeBarristersJames Collins KC
The "clever and commercial" James Collins KC is "a great advocate and a great tactician". He is instructed by UK and international clients to handle a wide range of commercial disputes, with a particular emphasis on commercial contracts, financial services, fraud, insurance, international trade, joint-ventures and shareholder and share purchase disputes. Most of these disputes are substantial and complex; many are multi-jurisdictional and involve foreign law.
James appears regularly as lead counsel in the High Court and appellate courts of England and Wales, and in the Commercial Court and Court of Appeal in the BVI. He also acts as lead counsel, co-counsel (with foreign lawyers) or arbitrator in arbitrations around the World, including in London, Paris, New York, Singapore and Dubai.
James advises and acts at all stages of the dispute resolution process, from strategy development, through pre-action and interlocutory applications (including Freezing Orders, anti- suit injunctions; protection of confidential information, restraint of conflicts and jurisdiction challenges), to trials and final hearings, appellate and review hearings, and enforcement of judgments and awards. Professional and lay clients have consistently praised James as being able to "map a course to the objective" and "excellent at anticipating how a case will unfold and positioning you for a great outcome".
Chambers & Partners UK Bar 2023, International Arbitration: General Commercial & Insurance:
"He's a fantastic cross-examiner and is strong technically." "James is a pleasure to work with and has an excellent grasp of the issues at hand." "He's an amazing cross-examiner with an understated style."
Chambers & Partners UK Bar 2023, Commercial Dispute Resolution:
"A very confident advocate with a relaxed but precise style." "He is an excellent advocate, particularly when it comes to cross-examination." "The perfect blend of intellectual prowess, wit and charm."
Legal 500 UK Bar 2023, Commercial Litigation:
"Calm and assured both as an adviser and as an advocate. Excellent both at first instance and in the Court of Appeal." "His style is effortless and authoritative, with an absolute mastery of the detail of every case. He is also an expert on quantum and complex financial transactions, which alone sets him apart." "An absolute pleasure to work with. Tactically and strategically astute, incredibly hard working and intellectually brilliant. A compelling advocate who really builds a rapport with the tribunal."
"He is coherent and logical in his advice and always puts in impressive performances."
Chambers & Partners UK Bar 2022, International Arbitration:
"He gets to the point and does it in a way that impresses tribunals." "He is very good on his feet."
Legal 500 UK Bar 2022, Fraud: Civil:
"A great advocate, great on the papers and generally great with everything. Very responsive."
"An excellent advocate, particularly good at cross-examination, who is very user-friendly." "James is always ready to roll up his sleeves and get stuck in."
"A very professional operator who conducts himself wonderfully."
Chambers & Partners UK Bar 2021, Offshore:
"He is excellent."
Legal 500 UK Bar 2021, International Arbitration: Counsel:
"A really impressive barrister – he is pragmatic and innovative in the strategies he comes up with."
"Has a great manner with the judge and is calm and very persuasive"
" a very hands-on silk who takes the time to learn and understand the background and details of the case".
Legal 500 UK Bar 2019, International Arbitration:
"Outstanding – a very strong practitioner in the field of international arbitration".
"Stands out for his presentation skills; he narrows down the issues and focuses on the key points"
"He's affable, easy to work with, very bright and dependable".
"An excellent cross-examiner".
"A very confident advocate with a relaxed but precise style".
"Very good. Tactically Savvy".
Legal 500 UK Bar 2018:
"A very thoughtful, proactive and hands-on silk".
Chambers Global 2018:
"Puts difficult points across simply and powerfully" "He is easy to work with and he is client-friendly".
Chambers & Partners UK Bar 2017:
"His advocacy is really exceptional. He makes difficult concepts sound easy".
A "bright and resourceful arbitration silk".
A barrister who is "excellent at anticipating how a case will unfold and positioning you for a great outcome".
Examples of recent cases
Advanced Multi-Technology v. Uniserve [2022] EWHC 264 (Ch). James is lead counsel for the defendant to a £35 million claim relating to the supply of Covid-19 PPE. In February 2022 the Court dismissed the claimant's application for summary judgment (save in relation to one assigned debt of $300k).
Lenkor Energy Trading v. Puri [2021] EWCA Civ 770. James is lead counsel for a claimant seeking to enforce a Dubai judgment for about £35 million. The defendant resisted enforcement on the basis that the Dubai judgment was tainted by illegality in an underlying commodities contract. In 2021, the Court of Appeal dismissed the defendant's appeal. This was the first appellate case of the modern era to consider the application of the illegality doctrine in this context. The defendant has applied for permission to appeal to the Supreme Court.
Manek v. IIFL Wealth and others, [2021] EWCA Civ 264 and [2021] EWCA Civ 625. James acts as lead counsel for two defendants to this £30 million fraud claim. In 2021, jurisdiction issues were resolved in two hearings before, and two judgments of, the Court of Appeal. The first of these judgments clarifies the scope of the tort gateway.
James Kemball v. K-Line [2021] EWCA Civ 33. James acted as lead counsel for the second defendant in this £36 million tort claim. The Court of Appeal struck out the claim, providing important guidance as to the scope of the economic tort of inducing breach of contract.
Wang v. Darby [2021] EWHC 3054 (Comm). James acted as lead counsel for the defendant in this cryptocurrency fraud claim. In November 2021, the Court struck out the proprietary claims.
PCP Capital Parnters v. Barclays Bank PCL [2020] EWHC 1393 (Comm) [2021] EWHC 307 (Comm) [2021] EWHC 1852 (Comm). James acted for PCP, which sued Barclays for fraud in relation to its 2008 capital raise. The claim was for about £600m. In [2020] EWHC 1393 (Comm) the Court clarified how the doctrine of waiver operates when a party is claiming legal advice privilege and ordered Barclays to produce documents that it had been withholding on that basis. Following a 10 week trial, in [2021] EWHC 307 (Comm) the Court held that a senior executive of Barclays had made fraudulent representations to PCP in the course of the capital raise. However, the claim failed on causation. On that point, it provided guidance as to the application of the "loss of chance" principle.
Sotheby's v. Mark Weiss Ltd [2020] EWCA Civ 1570. James acted as lead counsel for the appellant in this dispute about liability to Sotheby's, following Sotheby's decision to refund the purchaser of a painting that was said to be Frans Hals.
Otello Corp ASA v. Moore Freres and Co LLC [2020] EWHC 3261 (Ch). James acted as lead counsel for a minority shareholder (Otello) in a claim against the majority shareholder (Moore Freres) arising from the blocked sale of the minority interest to a third party. An injunction was granted following an expedited trial. When that failed to secure the sale to the third party, a second trial resulted in an order that Moore Freres buy Otello's shares for $48 million and a loan note for $5 million.
Arbitration & related court applications
Recognised as a "bright and resourceful arbitration silk" with "great analytical skills and cross- examination technique", James has extensive knowledge and experience of arbitration law and practice.
He has represented clients in arbitrations in the U.K., Bermuda, Canada, France, Singapore and the U.S., under AAA, CEITAC, ICC, LCIA, LMAA and other procedural rules. These arbitrations have involved many different fields of work and have been subject to a number of different procedural and substantive laws (including the laws of Bermuda, England, France, Liechtenstein, New York and Singapore). Hearings have ranged from short interlocutory applications to trials lasting many weeks. At these hearings, James appears as lead counsel, sole counsel or co-counsel with overseas lawyers.
James has also acted as arbitrator in institutional and ad hoc arbitrations seated in England, Paris and Dubai.
Recent arbitrations include:
KLS v. Sri Lanka (2021-2022). ICSID. James acts for Sri Lanka in this BIT arbitration, defending a $100 million claim in relation to a wind project in the Jafna Peninsula. The seat of the arbitration is in Singapore.
A yacht sale dispute (2022). LMAA. James acted for a buyer seeking to terminate a contract, relying on force majeure resulting from Covid-19.
US Homebuilder v. Bermuda Insurers (2021). Bermuda Form. James acted for a U.S. homebuilder on its claims against two Bermuda-based insurers to recover part of an approximately $230 million loss suffered as a result of water intrusion claims. The substantive law was the law of New York.
Oil Exploration and Production Sharing Dispute (2020). UNCITRAL. James was a party-appointed arbitrator in this dispute between a state and an oil exploration and production company. The arbitration had its seat in Dubai.
Iran Sanctions Dispute. Ad Hoc. James acted as lead counsel for a claimant seeking payment of about $70 million for 2 cargoes of petroleum from Iran. The Defendants alleged breach of US, EU and other sanction regimes; illegality; forgery; and fraud. The Arbitration (and the related court challenges) were resolved in favour of the claimant.
James has also advised and acted in a wide range of arbitration-related court proceedings, including; applications for relief in support of arbitrations (such as anti-suit injunctions and worldwide freezing orders and witness summonses); challenges to awards (eg. under sections 67, 68 and 69); and proceedings to enforce both foreign and domestic awards.
Cases in include:
Stockman Interhold SA v. Arricano Real Estate Plc[2017] EWHC 2909 (Comm)and [2015] EWHC 2979 (Comm). James acted as lead counsel on a number of challenges under sections 67 and 68 of the 1996 Act, including a trial at which it was established that an award was procured by fraud.
Cruz City 1 Mauritius Holdings v. Unitech Ltd & Others [2014] EWHC 3704 (Comm). James acted as lead counsel for the 5th defendant. This case establishes important limitations on the ability of the English courts to grant post-award Freezing Orders in aid of enforcement.
James has advised and acted for or against a number of banks and financial institutions (including Barclays, Goldman Sachs, HIG, Thames Capital and Yukos Capital) and HNWIs in a wide range of domestic and international banking and financial services disputes.
This has included claims by or against funds and corporations in relation to debt and equity investments (typically cross-border), including claims relating to the misappropriation of assets.
Recent cases include:
Cayman and BVI Funds (2022). James is advising and acting for an investor who invested $500m in four funds and is now seeking to have those funds wound up.
UCITS Fund (2021). James is advising and acting for an investor who invested $100m in a UCITS fund. That investment was then used to support other funds run by the same managers.
PCP Capital Parnters v. Barclays Bank PCL [2020] EWHC 1393 (Comm) [2021] EWHC 307 (Comm) [2021] EWHC 1852 (Comm). James acted for PCP, which sued Barclays for fraud in relation to its 2008 capital raise.
TMF Trustee Ltd v. Fire Navigation [2019] EWHC 2918 (Comm). James acted for a guarantor. It is the only case where the prevention principal has been successfully deployed to defeat a claim for summary judgment on a guarantee.
Civil fraud & asset recovery
James has advised and acted in a wide range of cases involving allegations of commercial fraud.
PCP Capital Parnters v. Barclays Bank PCL [2020] EWHC 1393 (Comm) [2021] EWHC 307 (Comm) [2021] EWHC 1852 (Comm). James acted for PCP, which sued Barclays for fraud in relation to its 2008 capital raise. The claim was valued at £600 million.
UCITS Fund. James is advising and acting for an investor who invested $100m in a UCITS fund. That investment was then used to support other funds run by the same managers. The investor says that it was induced to invest by fraudulent representations as to the nature of the fund.
PJSC Tatneft v. Bogolyubov & Others [2018] EWHC 3249 (Comm) (and other refs). James acts for the second defendant in this substantial claim under Article 1064 of the Russian Civil Code. The claim arises from the alleged misappropriation of payments made by a Ukrainian refinery.
Accent Delight v. Bouvier. In this case the claimants allege that Mr Bouvier fraudulently inflated the price of works by artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Van Gough, Picasso, Modigliani, Rothko, Monet and Matisse by about US$1 billion. To date it has involved litigation in Singapore, Hong Kong, Monaco, France, New York and Switzerland, and threatened proceedings in England. James acts for and advises the defendant in relation to global strategy; and jurisdictional issues in in common law and convention territories.
James is recognised as an "excellent all-rounder for a variety of commercial matters". These include:
International trade in goods and services. (See the separate section for this). Recent cases include a dispute concerning the supply of Covid PPE in 2022.
Energy sector disputes, including rig sale and management, pipeline and supply disputes. (See the separate section for this). Recent cases include a dispute in relation to wind farm project in 2022.
Shareholder and share purchase disputes. (See the separate section for this). Recent cases include Otello Corp ASA v. Moore Freres and Co LLC [2020] EWHC 3261 (Ch).
Healthcare and pharmaceutical sector disputes. Recent work includes acting for a Caribbean Island in a dispute with the supplier of its hospital services (2022). Over the past 10 years, this has included advising NHS Trusts in relation to PFI contracts; advising private hospital groups in relation to outsourcing contracts; and acting for pharmaceutical companies in licensing/royalty disputes and Mid Essex NHS Trust v. Compass [2013] EWCA Civ 200.
Joint-venture, partnership, quasi-partnership disputes.
Conflicts of interest, protection of confidential information and professional conduct. (See the separate section for this).
James advises clients involved in commercial disputes in many jurisdictions and represents clients involved in such disputes both in arbitration and in the courts of England and Wales and the BVI.
Conflict of laws & private international law
James has extensive experience of cases focused on issues of jurisdiction and applicable law.
Recent or interesting cases include:
Hoteles Pinero Canarias SL v. Keefe C-419/17 (Supreme Court). James acted for the appellant in the Supreme Court and the CJEU. The dispute concerned the scope of Article 11.3 of the Judgments Regulation (44/2001).
Millicom Tanzania NV v. Golden Globe International (2016, E.C. Court of Appeal). This case concerned stage 2 of the Spilida test and the application of the guidance in Altimo v. Kyrgyz Mobil in circumstances where the claimant alleged that the defendant had corrupted and would continue to corrupt the judiciary in Tanzania.
Integral Petroleum SA v. SCU-Finanz AG [2015] EWCA 144. This appeal focused on identification of the conflicts rule that applies when seeking to establish the law that governs a dispute as to whether or not a foreign company is bound by the signature of one of its officers.
CSAV v. Hin-Pro International Logistics [2015] EWCA Civ 401. One of the principal issues in this appeal was whether a standard form jurisdiction clause in a bill of lading provided for exclusive or non-exclusive jurisdiction.
SFC Swiss Forfaiting Company Ltd v. Swiss Forfaiting Ltd (2015-2016, BVI Court of Appeal). One of the principal issues in this case, and on appeal, was the test to be applied to the forum challenge.
Cruz City 1 Mauritius Holdings v. Unitech Ltd & Others [2014] EWHC 3704. This case established important limitations on the jurisdiction of the English courts to grant post-award Freezing Orders in aid of enforcement of arbitral awards. In particular, there is no jurisdiction to grant Chabra-type relief against foreign parties who were not party to the arbitration agreements or arbitrations as no service-out gateway is available.
Conflicts of interest & confidential information
James acted for the claimant in what became the leading House of Lords authority on the protection of confidential information: Prince Jefri Bolkiah v. KPMG (a firm) [1999] 2 WLR 215. Since then, he has advised and acted in numerous cases involving conflicts of interest, protection of confidential information and professional conduct rules.
James has advised and acted in a large number of energy sector disputes (involving oil & gas, electricity, coal, uranium and wind farms) in cases involving the oil majors, Glencore, Kinder Morgan, National Grid, Odebrecht, Petrobras, Stena Drilling, Vitol and many others. This work has included:
As counsel, disputes (typically in arbitration) relating to rig quality, rig management, pipelines, offtake agreements, supply agreements, oil and gas trading and wind farm disputes.
As arbitrator, disputes concerning exploration and production sharing agreements, and piping systems.
"He is an extremely impressive barrister with an extremely sharp mind, who has extensive knowledge of the Bermuda Form" (Chambers UK).
James has advised and acted in wide range of insurance and reinsurance disputes. This work has included:
A substantial number of Bermuda form arbitrations and other arbitrations where the substantive law of the insurance contracts has been the law of New York. This has involved hearings in London, New York, Toronto and Montreal. Underlying subject matter has included the liability of drug manufacturers, chemical companies, hospitals, a restaurant chain and homebuilders for a range of liabilities, including personal injury, property damage, discrimination and commercial disparagement.
Insurance and reinsurance arbitrations in England and abroad, including reinsurance claims arising from substantial audit and tax advice liabilities incurred by the Big 4 accounting firms.
International trade, transport & commodities
James has advised and acted in a large number of cases involving many different aspects of international trade. Recent cases have included:
An arbitration involving cargoes of petroleum product from Iran.
An arbitration involving an oil production sharing agreement.
James has advised and acted in a number of cases involving art, antiques and antiquities, including:
Scheps v. Fine Art Logistics [2007] EWHC 541. This dispute resulted from the loss of a sculpture by Anish Kapoor. James acted for the defendants.
Offshore litigation
James frequently represents clients in offshore disputes, including in the B.V.I. Commercial Court and Court of Appeal and in the Cayman Islands. Recent cases have included:
Cayman Fund. James is advised the independent directors of a limited partner in relation to a dispute between the ultimate investors in, and the general partner of, a Cayman fund.
Millicom Tanzania NV v. Golden Globe International (2016 and ongoing, BVI Commercial Court and E.C. Court of Appeal). In this case the claimant alleges that the first defendant (a BVI company) conspired with others and corrupted court officials in Tanzania in order to misappropriate shares in a mobile telephone company said to be worth US$192m.
The claimant commenced proceedings in the BVI and obtained a US$100m Worldwide Freezing Order. James acted for the first defendant on its successful application to discharge the WFO and stay the BVI proceedings, and on appeal.
Sonara Limited v. Akolyn & Others (2015-2016, BVI Commercial Court). In this case James acted for minority shareholders bringing a derivative action on behalf of a Russian company in relation to a series of related-party transactions that had resulted in the company loosing approximately US$200m. The defendants successfully applied to have the claim stayed on forum non conveniens.
SFC Swiss Forfaiting Company Ltd v. Swiss Forfaiting Ltd (2015-2016, BVI Commercial Court and Court of Appeal). This dispute concerned fees alleged due for forfaiting services provided by a Swiss company to a BVI fund. The Commercial Court stayed the BVI proceedings in favour of Switzerland. This decision was upheld on appeal.
Independent Asset Management Company v. Swiss Forfaiting Ltd (2015-2016, BVI Commercial Court). In this action, the BVI fund's investment manager brought an unfair prejudice claim in which it complained about the dilution of its shareholding. James acted for the claimant at the injunction return date and trial.
Itum v. Kteili & Others (2014-2015, Commercial Court and Court of Appeal). This was an unfair prejudice claim. James acted for various defendants at a jurisdiction hearing (leading to a decision that established that there is no "necessary or proper" party jurisdiction where the claims against the anchor defendants have been stayed in favour of arbitration) and in the Court of Appeal.
James frequently acts for shareholders or former shareholders in disputes with managers, other shareholders, buyers or sellers, and related parties. Recent work has included the following:
Independent Asset Management Company v. Swiss Forfaiting Ltd (2016 trial, BVI Commercial Court). In this claim, an investment manager complained that its shareholding in a BVI fund had been unfair diluted.
David v. Infinite Renewables (2017). James was instructed on the appeal from the judgment in this case about the management of wind generation company.
Derivative claims. A recent example is Sonara Limited v. Akolyn & Others (2015-2016, BVI Commercial Court). James acted for minority shareholders making a claim on behalf of a Russian company in relation to a series of related-party transactions that had resulted in the company loosing approximately US$200m.
Claims on warranties in SPAs. Recent work has included, representing a defendant to a claim that certain warranties in the SPA were made fraudulently.
Shipping & admiralty
James has advised and acted in large number of disputes before the English courts and arbitral tribunals involving shipping, shipbuilding, ship repair contracts and ship sale and purchase. This work has included:
Yacht sale and purchase.
Charterparty, BL and COA disputes involving diverse subject matter including short delivery, cargo damage, hire, speed and consumption, safe port, drydocking, demurrage and bunkers.
Shipping partnership, agency, management and supply disputes.
Shipbuilding, ship repair and ship sale and purchase, including technical disputes (eg. in relation to tank coatings, paint, wiring, piping, cranes etc.).
1995 Call: Gray's Inn
1994 Essex Court Chambers
1994 BVC, Inns of Court School of Law
1993 BA, Downing College, Cambridge
"A very confident advocate with a relaxed but precise style."Commercial Dispute Resolution
"He is an excellent advocate, particularly when it comes to cross-examination."Commercial Dispute Resolution
"The perfect blend of intellectual prowess, wit and charm."Commercial Dispute Resolution
"He's a fantastic cross-examiner and is strong technically."International Arbitration: General Commercial & Insurance
"James is a pleasure to work with and has an excellent grasp of the issues at hand."International Arbitration: General Commercial & Insurance
"He's an amazing cross-examiner with an understated style."International Arbitration: General Commercial & Insurance
"An absolute pleasure to work with. Tactically and strategically astute, incredibly hard working and intellectually brilliant. A compelling advocate who really builds a rapport with the tribunal"International Arbitration: General
"His style is effortless and authoritative, with an absolute mastery of the detail of every case. He is also an expert on quantum and complex financial transactions, which alone sets him apart"Fraud: Civil
"Calm and assured both as an adviser and as an advocate. Excellent both at first instance and in the Court of Appeal"Commercial Litigation
"He gets to the point and does it in a way that impresses tribunals." "He is very good on his feet."International Arbitration: General Commercial & Insurance
"Very approachable and makes himself available. He is coherent and logical in his advice and always puts in impressive performances."Commercial Dispute Resolution
"A great advocate, great on the papers and generally great with everything. Very responsive – at any time of day or night"International Arbitration: General
"A great advocate, great on the papers and generally great with everything. Very responsive"Fraud: Civil
"He is excellent."Offshore
"A very professional operator who conducts himself wonderfully."International Arbitration: General Commercial & Insurance
"An excellent advocate, particularly good at cross-examination, who is very user-friendly." "James is always ready to roll up his sleeves and get stuck in."Commercial Dispute Resolution
"A very thoughtful and hands-on barrister."International Arbitration: Counsel
"He is great at getting to the point and is clear and concise."Offshore
"A bright and reasonable advocate who gets straight to the point of a matter."Int. Arb. General Commercial & Insurance
"One of the most user-friendly QCs you could ever work with." "He's a very confident advocate with a relaxed but precise style."Commercial Dispute Resolution
"Has a great manner with the judge and is calm and very persuasive. James is a very hands-on silk who takes the time to learn and understand the background and details of the case."Commercial Dispute Resolution
"An excellent cross-examiner."International Arbitration: General Commercial & Insurance
"Stands out for his presentation skills; he narrows down the issues and focuses on the key points. He's affable, easy to work with, very bright and dependable."Offshore
"His practice includes cross-border art fraud cases."Offshore
"Outstanding – a very strong practitioner in the field of international arbitration."International Arbitration: Counsel
"Very good. Tactically savvy."Chambers UK Bar 2018International Arbitration
"Puts difficult points across simply and powerfully. He is easy to work with and he is client-friendly."Chambers UK Bar 2018Offshore
"A very confident advocate with a relaxed but precise style. He goes over well with the courts, and he has the ability to make himself available at short notice."Chambers UK Bar 2018Commercial Dispute Resolution
"A very thoughtful, proactive and hands-on silk."The Legal 500 UK Bar 2017International Arbitration: Counsel
"Collins is very responsive, bright and not taken aback by difficult technical points. His advocacy is really exceptional. He makes difficult concepts sound easy."Chambers UK Bar 2017International Arbitration
"A bright and resourceful arbitration silk."The Legal 500 2016International Arbitration: Counsel
"He is excellent at anticipating how a case will unfold and positioning you for a great outcome."The Legal 500 2015International Arbitration: Counsel
"He is very easy to work with." "He is an extremely impressive barrister with an extremely sharp mind, who has extensive knowledge of the Bermuda Form."Commercial Dispute Resolution
25 October 2022Commercial Court considers Contractual Termination Triggers where there is a "Sole and Exclusive" Remedy Clause
17 November 2021Cryptocurrency trust High Court judgment
26 May 2021Role of public policy and illegality in the enforcement of foreign judgments
26 February 2021High Court Judgment handed down in PCP v Barclays
9 February 202110 in 10: Episode 8: The FCA test-case


YEREVAN (Armenpress)–During its November session–the Slovak parliament will discuss a resolution condemning the 1915 Armenian genocide. The resolution is supported by five factions of the Slovak legislature making up the absolute majority. The lawmakers will also be watching a documentary on the genocide–to be aired later on Slovak TV. The Armenian community of Slovakia and the political and diplomatic forces of Armenia are in full support of the resolution.


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Piazza Vecchia and Palazzo Nuovo (new Palace) during dusk. Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy.
Artiste: ClickAlps
691×1037px
* Prix final selon l'usage, non pas la taille du fichier.
ClickAlps
crépuscule (nuit)
européen (relatif à l'Europe)
italien (relatif à l'Italie)
monument (tourisme)
New Palace
petite ville
site historique national
Fontana del Contarini and Palazzo Nuovo(New Palace) during dusk. Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy.
Duomo Square during dusk. Bergamo (Upper Town), Lombardy, Italy.
Piazza Vecchia from above at dusk, Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy.
Cathedral of Bergamo with Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore from above at dusk, Bergamo (Upper town), Lombardy, Italy.
Bicycles parked in PIazza Duomo during snowfall at dusk. Milan, Lombardy, Northern Italy, Italy.
Piazza Vecchia with civic tower and Fontana del Contarini. Bergamo(Upper Town), Lombardy, Italy.
Pigeons in Piazza Duomo during a night snowfall. Milan, Lombardy, Northern Italy, Italy.
Piazza Vecchia and Palazzo Nuovo (New Palace) from above during sunset. Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy.
Fontana del Contarini and Palazzo della Ragione. Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy.
Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore from a breach in the Civic Tower during sunset. Bergamo(Upper town), Lombardy, Italy.
Dusk at the square of the gothic duomo, Milan, Lombardy, Italy, Europe
Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II after a snowfall seen from Scala Square. Milan, Lombardy, Northern Italy, Italy.
Artillery exposed in the park of Rimembranze(Parco delle Rimembranze), located outside the fortress of Bergamo(Rocca di Bergamo). Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy.
Artillery exposed in the park of Rimembranze (Parco delle Rimembranze), located outside the fortress of Bergamo (Rocca di Bergamo). Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy.
Palazzo Terzi (Terzi Palace) baroque architecture in Upper Town (Città Alta). Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy.


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Smith's Castle
a fireplace big enough to feed the whole plantation
In July 2018 I visited Smith's Castle in North Kingstown, Rhode Island, which is not a castle, nor does it belong to anyone named Smith.
Today it is a museum complete with informative tour guides and a gift shop, but the story is that a fortified, fenced structure once existed in the same spot owned by a guy named Richard Smith. While the colonists of Rhode Island got along okay with the Narragansett people, those in Connecticut, Plymouth, and Massachusetts Bay did not, and believed them to be harboring Wampanoag warriors that had plagued them for years. Since Smith was friendly with the governor of Connecticut, even going so far as supporting the ceding of Rhode Island land, he allowed soldiers from the three surrounding New England colonies to stay at his house and launch an attack from there into the nearby swamp. No Wampanoag were found, and the Narragansett were slaughtered in one of the bloodiest battles of those times. In retaliation, the Narragansett burned down every single home on the western shore of the bay in 1676, including that of Richard Smith, even though it was tucked away in the end of a tiny cove.
Note: As it turns out, the site where the Narragansett were attacked is the very same place where I had seen the swamp monument several months ago and several miles away. At last I knew something of where it came from!
Soon after, a new home was built in the same spot, which survives to this day (though only a fraction of the wood is original). The house stayed in the Smith name until 1737, when the owner having no sons, it was given to a nephew by the name of Daniel Updike, a lawyer and Rhode Island attorney general who was instrumental in acquiring four counties from Massachusetts – Tiverton, Little Compton, Bristol, and Cumberland. He also had a plantation where he (or, rather, his slaves) grew corn and raised cattle and horses. He sold cheese and candles. In 1812, the place was passed to the Congdon family, then the Babbitt family, and finally the Fox family, who held it until the late 1930s.
Each room is packed with much to look at. There are heating jugs for the beds, spinning wheels, and candle molds. I saw the seashell plaster they used on the outer walls. I saw the types of beams used to support the house called gunstock beams, which are wider on the top. The beams still bear the marks telling where each one was to attach to its neighbors. Houses of this type in those days were often assembled at one location, marked, and then disassembled and shipped to where they would remain. It was hard to know what questions to ask, but the docent was very helpful.
Daniel Updike's jacket


Badgers Lane, Lisburn Image .
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The article about Badgers Bathrooms was uploaded on July 25, 2018 at 12:06 am. This blog post is uploaded at the Bathroom category. Badgers Bathrooms is tagged with Badgers Bathrooms, Badgers, Bathrooms..
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December is here, and with Christmas just around the corner we've compiled a gift guide of all of the best food and drink gifts to buy for your favourite foodies and drinks connoisseurs this Christmas. What's more, everything listed is available to buy online.
Chosen from our favourite Scottish restaurant in London, Mac & Wild's pre-mixed range of cocktails are an ideal stocking filler. Hand crafted in small batches by the restaurant's own mixologist Luke Leiper, these cocktails are made using some of Scotland's finest whiskies, all infused with locally sourced Scottish herbs and botanicals. With four varieties available, the 'Ginger Laddie' is a Manhattan-style cocktail; 'Auld Pal' is based on the classic Negroni, albeit with Dalwhinnie 15-Year-Old whisky in place of gin; 'Bonnie Brae' is best with a splash of sparkling water; and 'The Forager' is a riff on the classic Old Fashioned. Alongside these 50cl bottles, a gift set featuring miniature sample bottles of all four is available, perfect for any whisky-lover.
Mac & Wild Scottish Cocktails are available from macandwild.com. The gift set is priced at £23.38.
An ideal stocking filler for any food fanatic, 'The Ten (Food) Commandments' presents renowned restaurant critic Jay Rayner at his sharpest. Offering some 21st century guidance for the world of food, this pocket-sized collection of ten essays includes chapters such as 'Honour thy pig' and 'Thou shalt choose thy dining companions bloody carefully' – all of which are backed up by some relatively simple recipes and topical, well-researched rants. What's more, if ever you were in need of fodder to spark a Christmas dinner table argument, you'll find plenty within the pages of this book.
'The Ten (Food) Commandments' is available from amazon.co.uk, £6.
T2 'Mulled Wine Magic' is available from t2tea.com, £16.
Looking to support local, artisan produce and business this Christmas? Look no further than The De Beauvoir Deli in Hackney, having added a new selection of hampers to their collection, all available to purchase online or in store. From the new collection, 'The Hackney Produce Hamper' includes some of the area's best produce: granola from Husk & Honey, Roasting Shed coffee, Five Points Brewing Co. ale, Dalston Chillies sauce, Newton & Pott chutney, Joe's Tea, De Beauvoir biscuits and (of course) De Beauvoir Deli jam.
The Hackney Produce can be ordered online from thedebeauvoirdeli.co.uk with nationwide delivery, or picked up in store. £56.
There's been a huge boom in popularity surrounding Japanese whisky in recent years, and with the struggle to meet demand, most of the good stuff is incredibly rare. Hibiki Japanese Harmony from Suntory, for instance, is a harmonious blend of numerous malt and grain whiskies with a rich flavour profile. Prominent notes of oak and candied orange are prominent on the nose, continuing onto the palate with sweet notes of toffee and white chocolate. In addition, the liquid is bottled in a visually appealing 24-faceted bottle to represent the 24 seasons of the traditional Japanese calendar, a true embodiment of Japanese craftsmanship.
Hibiki Japanese Harmony is available from Waitrose, £53.99 for 70cl.
Named after the owner's cat, Monty Bojangles offer a delicious range of chocolates and retro sweets. These 'Milky Mischief' truffles are lovingly made in Angers, France to a traditional recipe that dates back to the 1930s. Inside, the milk chocolate is indulgent, sweet and remarkably smooth, while a dusting of cocoa powder on the outside adds a touch of bitterness, just enough to cut balance the truffles and steer them away from intense sweetness. Besides, you can never have too much chocolate at Christmas.
Monty Bojangles 'Milky Mischief' are available to buy from Waitrose and montybojangles.com.
From Spirit of Harrogate, this London Dry Gin is named after William Slingsby, an adventurer who allegedly discovered the unique properties of the natural spring water from Tweit Well in Harrogate in 1571. Distilled with the the famous water of Harrogate (the first place in Britain to bottle water) and 24 locally grown botanicals, Slingsby has a prominent citrus character with notes of grapefruit, herbal accents from rosemary and thyme, and liquorice sweetness that continues on the tongue. This is a remarkable gin, best paired with premium tonic and a garnish of choice, although we'd suggest a sprig of dried lavender.
Slingsby London Dry Gin is available from wslingsby.co.uk, £39.99.
Long before the likes of Heston Blumenthal were pleasing crowds with molecular gastronomy, iconic artist Salvador Dalí published this exceptionally rare French cookbook in 1973. Inspired by the opulent dinner parties thrown by the artist and Gala, his wife and muse, the book has been recently reprinted by Taschen with 136 recipes (many of which are actually quite practical). Each of these recipes are set across 12 chapters, each illustrated in Dalí's typical style. Recipes include the likes of decadent but reasonable 'Roast Duckling' and 'Vegetable Pie', alongside 'Snail Stew' and 'Frog Cream' especially for the less faint of heart. As well as a beautifully bound work of art, 'Les Diners de Gala' is the ultimate surrealist cookbook.
Les Diners de Gala is available from all good bookstores and taschen.com, £44.99.
Celebrating the 150th anniversary of their Lynchburg distillery this year, Jack Daniel's have added a second offering to their Single Barrel collection. With rye whiskey undergoing a renaissance of sorts, this new expression follows limited release batches Rested Rye and Un-aged Rye. Just one out of every 100 barrels are granted Single Barrel status, set aside by the Jack Daniel's Master Tasting Panel to mature in the highest reaches of its barrelhouses. Here the liquid is subjected to dramatic temperature changes to create a unique whiskey. The first new grain bill in 150 years (since Old No. 7), Jack Daniel's Single Barrel Rye is full bodied and smooth with notes of dried fruit, toasted oak, caramel, vanilla and – of course – rye.
Jack Daniel's Single Barrel Rye available from store.jackdaniels.co.uk, £49.99.
From the Scottish Hebridean Island of Islay, better known for its whisky production, The Botanist is a gin from Bruichladdich Distillery. A huge total of 31 botanicals are used throughout the distilling process, giving The Botanist a unique, complex flavour profile. Classic gin botanicals such as juniper berries, cassia bark and angelica root join a further 22 ingredients locally foraged from the island. These include less traditional ingredients such as apple mint, birch leaves, lemon balm, white clover and sweet chamomile. A further nod to the gin's ingredients, The Botanist is encased in a glass cylindrical bottle that's etched with the names of each botanical used to create this remarkable gin.
The Botanist Gin is available from waitrose.com, £36.99.
Why not treat somebody that you love to an immersive, educational culinary experience for Christmas? Having been at the forefront of innovation in the kitchen for almost a century, KitchenAid recently opened their first 'Experience Store' in Marylebone. As well as showcasing the brand's small appliances, the store will also offer fortnightly cookery courses, each with a different theme. These include the likes of special Valentine's Day, Mothering Sunday and Father's Day classes alongside a Chinese class in January for Chinese New Year, right the way through to December classes in preparation for next Christmas.
Each class will be priced at £70pp and can be booked directly through KitchenAid. Further information on each class and booking details can be found at kitchenaid.co.uk.
Inspired by family tradition, R&B Distillers launched two brand new whiskies at the end of last year, setting the blueprint for what's to expect from an ongoing project to build not one, but two new distilleries. Expected to be completed by Summer 2017, the brand's distillery on the Isle of Raasay will be the area's first legal distiller. We've still a while to wait, but until then R&B Distillers has crafted 'While We Wait', a whisky that shows what's to expect from the new distillery. A blend of two whiskies (one peated, one unpeated) Raasay 'While We Wait' is non-chill filtered and finished in French oak Tuscan wine casks to deliver prominent dry fruit notes on the palate alongside a balance of smokiness.
R&B Distillers Raasay While We Wait is available from rbdistillers.com, £56.95 for 70cl.