Have you heard of Maptia yet? Not only do I wholeheartedly agree with their manifesto - but I'm loving the fantastic interviews going up on their blog. As part of their project to spread their manifesto around the world, we took a photo of it while we were camping on Lopez Island this past month.
I'm working on creating my first trip video with footage from Lopez Island, WA - so I've been watching lots of others for inspiration. Some of my favorites found via Afar; a couple's journey in South America, surfing in Bali, and a trip around the world in 60 seconds. And via Adventure Journal; climbing in Greenland.
My roommate from Camp Mighty has been reflecting on her 21 days in Vietnam.
Lessons Learned from 11 Years of Travel.
Marin County is one part of California I just can't get over - so I love this tour of Mill Valley.
Did I ever tell you how I left Christchurch just hours before that major earthquake? Dave wrote a wonderful piece about returning to his hometown after the quake.
Annie wrote a wonderful piece about the Fort Greene neighborhood of Brooklyn.
Fantastic round up of all things gluten free bread baking.
I'm becoming incredibly enamoured with traveling through Canada.
Can't wait to see Girl Rising.
Hidden caves in Barcelona? Well I guess I'll just have to go back!
I'm not so into yoga, despite my best wishes, but anything to make my body happier on long flights!
A gluten free (except for the beer) cider bar has opened in Seattle!
I shared recipes for Rhubarb Tea Bread, Split Pea Soup, Rhubarb Scones, & Rhubarb Curd.
I wrote about walking through Northwest Seattle, hiking to Lake Serene, and eating gluten free in and around Dijon, France.


Self-operating, two-headed running hare model driven by a powerful and durable 400V motor. Its remote control has a button that allows to stop the silhouette anywhere. The side of model is being changed automatically after every run so it allows to shoot both sides alternatively.
The total lenght of track is 12m.


At Barrowby CE Primary School, we take e-safety very seriously. Below you may read in more detail, our school's E-Safety Policy as well as our E-Safety Leaflet, which you can print off, at home.
Below you will find a presentation, providing guidance and 'top tips' for keeping you, and your child safe whilst using the internet, at home.
Child Exploitation and Online Protection Centre (CEOPS) To find out more about e-safety and to report a concern visit the CEOPS site.


text:
by Brian 15. March 2011 21:18
When we think of apologetics, case-for arguments come to mind. But sometimes the apologetic enterprise is about guiding towards what is true by steering away from what is false. As C. S. Lewis wrote: Good philosophy must exist, if for no other reason, because bad philosophy needs to be answered.[i]I can think of no better example of this in recent months than a response to the book written by Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow. Having just finished The Grand Design (TGD), the primary message of the book is still very clear in my mind: Science is the only means of discovery; philosophy is dead; God is unnecessary.
One would expect minimal impact from facile rehash sprinkled with the words quantum mechanics. But throw in the media support for Hawking and anything attempting to undermine theism these days, and I am not so sure. When the new philosophy is addressed by the greatest scientist in the world, you have mass appeal ad verecundiam. Though sales of TGD are not likely to surpass Hawking's previous book, A Brief History of Time (which sold over nine million copies), many will read this new work and be influenced by it. And even though I've seen a good deal of criticism online, I am also seeing a lot of positive posts on Amazon and Goodreads. Christians might fail to recognize the potential impact here. A pastor of a large church could preach to a different congregation each week for his entire career and not convey a perspective to as many individuals as just one popular book like Hawking's last one. Do the math!
To be fair to the authors, I should tell you parts of the book were good. I enjoyed the physics and cosmology overview as well as revisiting some of the moments from science history. I also appreciated the author's strong affirmation of cosmic fine-tuning. But the rest of the book was downright sloppy and in this blog I intend to cover what I thought were the most egregious areas.
Traditional philosophy is dead. The oracle of the new philosophy is the scientist.
M-theory is our best hope for a unified theory
The Hartle-Hawking no boundary model does away with the cosmological argument
The multiverse does away with the teleological argument from fine tuning
Realism is dead. Antirealism is in.
Traditional philosophy is dead
Right at the outset the reader is hit with an astonishing paragraph:
"What is the nature of Reality? Where did all of this come from? Did the Universe need a creator? … Traditionally these are questions for philosophy, but philosophy is dead. Philosophy has not kept up with modern developments in science, particularly physics. Scientists have become the bearers of the torch of discovery in our quest for knowledge.[ii]"
Hawking has a Ph.D. in natural science and Mlodinow a Ph.D. in theoretical physics. Although neither of the authors are experts in philosophy, we should expect men of their caliber to at least have a cursory understanding of the field. Two of his three opening questions are primarily philosophical! A good philosopher will draw from science in answering these questions, but it is naïve to think a good scientist could tackle them without philosophy. I was so taken aback by this opening statement my mind grasped for some kind of plausible explanation for their position. But after reading the book and wading through one bad assumptive argument after another, it does appear the authors wandered out of their league. Here is a sample of what they try to embark upon in this book relying heavily on (or falling squarely in) the domain of philosophy:
Model-dependent realism (which is an odd sort of scientism + antirealism)
Why is there something rather than nothing?
Are the laws of physics prescriptive or descriptive?
Scientific determinism, freewill and the reality of miracles
Ontological relativism and observer-created reality
Applying aesthetics in determining the superiority of theories
The extrapolation of Feynman's sum over histories into an ontological model
Since there is practically no new science in TGD (it rehashes what has been known for years, and even decades), one can reasonably say the novel material in this book is almost entirely philosophical! So what audacity for the authors to start out with the claim, philosophy is dead.
They like M-theory; the no-boundary model and the multiverse
I will not attempt to argue the merits of m-theory, which has been around for about 15 years. It is worth noting however, some of the world's leading theorists in the field hold this work-in-progress very tentatively [iii]. The jury is still out for string theory as a whole and m-theory in particular. But then don't take my word for it, see Hawking and Mlodinow's own words:
"People are still trying to decipher the nature of m-theory. But that may not be possible. It could be that the physicist's traditional expectation of a single theory of nature is untenable, and there exists no single formulation.[iv]"
Yet despite the tentativeness of ten-dimensional string theory and the uncertainty of the very nature of m-theory, the authors base a large part of their metaphysical worldview on it by applying their particular physical interpretations to these models with no observational support[v] and then gratuitously extrapolating.
In TGD we also see the 1983 Hartle-Hawking no-boundary proposal reheated. Again, there is nothing novel here. It is the same quantum gravity idea proposed in Hawking's last book[vi]. Using imaginary numbers for the time variable allows Hawking to round off the beginning point of the big bang singularity. In TGD, the authors describe this by using the South Pole as an analogy. The South Pole is much like any other point they say, and nothing is south of the South Pole[vii]. Therefore, no absolute beginning to universe is necessary – problem solved. Even though a physical interpretation of this mathematical trick using imaginary numbers is tough to swallow, we'll see how the authors believe model-dependent realism takes care of this. For more information on the Hartle-Hawking model and how it applies to the cosmological argument, check this out.
Then we get to Hollywood's favorite from cosmology – the multiverse. Paul Davies' treatment of this in The Goldilocks Enigma is far better than what is presented in TGD. So I won't go into too much detail as you can read more about it here. I was surprised though by the author's metaphysical extrapolation of Feynman's mathematical path integration tool into an ontological model. They write (and note the tangential defensiveness):
Some people make a great mystery of this idea, sometimes called the multiverse concept, but these are just different expressions of the Feynman sum over histories[viii]…The multiverse idea is not a notion invented to account for the miracle of fine-tuning. It is a consequence of the no-boundary condition as well as many other theories of modern cosmology.
Apart from the brash dive into metaphysics from the so-called new bearers of discovery, the physical interpretation is dubious at best. Simply because a particle could take more than one path from A to B, as described by Feynman's path-integration, doesn't mean a particle actually takes all possible paths. Feynman and others might assume they do, for the purposes of applying the tool, but the paths are not observable. The idea a particle actually takes an infinite number of possible paths is just one physical interpretation of the mathematical model – and an odd one at that.
In the double–slit experiment Feynman's ideas mean the particles take paths that go through only one slit or the other; paths that thread through the first slit, back out through the second slit, and then through the first one again; paths that visit the restaurant that serves that great curried shrimp, and then circle Jupiter a few times before heading home; even paths that go across the universe and back.[ix] Really?!
The authors fail to mention other interpretations and leave the reader thinking Feynman's sum over histories substantiates the multiverse. This get's downright funny when you consider model-dependent realism which essentially says for Hawking, a particle actually does take all possible paths. But for someone else who interprets the same mathematical models differently, the particles do not – and neither interpretation can be said to be more real than the other!
So that I am not accused of argumentum ad ignorantiam let me be clear in saying that I am not claiming m-theory, Hawking's quantum-gravity model and the multiverse are false because they haven't been proven true. What I am saying is one cannot leap from tentative mathematical models to one's preferred physical interpretation with no observational support and then leap again to profound metaphysical conclusions without doing so hastily and gratuitously. And you certainly cannot do it without entering the realm of philosophy!That is precisely what has been done in TGD.
Let's get real
Hawking and Mlodinow's model-dependent realism was by far the most bizarre part of the book for me. Here's how they describe it:
It [model-dependent realism] is based on the idea that our brains interpret the input from our sensory organs by making a model of the world. When such a model is successful at explaining events, we tend to attribute to it, and to the elements and concepts that constitute it, the quality of reality or absolute truth. But there may be different ways in which one could model the same physical situation, with each employing different fundamental elements and concepts. If two such physical theories or models accurately predict the same events, one cannot be said to be more real than the other, rather, we are free to use whichever model is more convenient…According to model-dependent realism; it is pointless to ask whether a model is real, only whether it agrees with observation.[x]
The authors give an example by comparing the 13.7-billion-year-old-universe model versus the young-universe (literal Genesis interpretation) model and say the old-universe model is more useful, but still, neither model can be said to be more real than the other[xi]. Ha! I'd love to hear how the new-atheists like Hitchens and Dawkins feel about the idea their perspective is no more real than the creationist's! But seriously, the authors come across disingenuous here. Are we really supposed to believe Hawking and Mlodinow do not consider their interpretation more real than the creationist's? Furthermore, the authors appear to equivocate with their terms: model, theory, physical-theory and hypothesis. They seem to use them interchangeably. But regardless, the statement: If two such physical theories or models accurately predict the same events, one cannot be said to be more real than the other, seems to disregard other factors for weighing a proposed explanation for an observed phenomenon, like: simplicity, scope, fruitfulness, conservatism along with testability[xii]. Such evaluation would involve meta-science, which may be why it is overlooked.
The fact is, one of the two hypotheses; the 13.7-billion-year or the literal-6-day-creation, is more real than the other! A careful reading of the author's statement "one cannot be said to be more real" might lead one to conclude they are being somewhat reasonable by suggesting the problem is merely epistemic – that is to say, one is more real, we just do not know which. But that is not what they are claiming. Hawking and Mlodinow are saying neither model is more real ontologically. The authors are antirealists and reject the notion of an observer-independent world[xiii]. There is only one reason I can think of for them to choose this route: They recognize the huge gulf between their tentative mathematical models and the profound metaphysical statements they make. The only way to bridge this gulf is to do away with realism altogether and then judge their models using a narrow scientific perspective. By disregarding the philosophy of science, they can ignore qualities like conservatism which would compare and contrast their metaphysical conclusions with other knowledge-systems to see how well they hold up.
In conclusion, Hawking and Mlodinow set out on a very ambitious journey to make their case for what they believe are the answers to some very profound metaphysical problems. Why is there something rather than nothing? The authors do not answer this and only present one possible view as to why there is something rather than something else[xiv]. Is God unnecessary? According to TGD, He should be replaced by some sort of cosmic life principle, a First-Law, Physics (with a capital 'P'); or a Force which is more at home with Star Wars than reality. Has cosmic fine-tuning been addressed? No. Although the book does a good job in emphasizing the problem, they leave the reader with the dubious multiverse – a hypothesis Roger Penrose has said is worse than useless in explaining the anthropic fine-tuning of the universe. Finally, just when I thought postmodernism was dead, it is resurrected by scientists!
[i] C.S. Lewis, The Weight of Glory (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1949), 50
[ii] Location 42 of 2387 Kindle edition
[iii] Go to http://afterall.net/clippings/491891 for excerpts from Roger Penrose. Also see Paul Davies in the Goldilocks Enigma.
[iv] Location 1179 of 2387 Kindle edition
[v] Roger Penrose - http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/bdf3ae28-b6e9-11df-b3dd-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1FVNqJmyB "M-theory enjoys no observational support whatever"
[vi] A Brief History of Time pg. 136
[vii] Location 1361 of 2387 Kindle edition (also in A Brief History of Time pg. 138)
[viii] Location 1383 and 1659 of 2387 Kindle edition
[ix] Location 731 of 2387 Kindle edition
[x] Location 61, 436 of 2387 Kindle edition
[xi] Location 483 of 2387 Kindle edition
[xii] Schick, Theodore; Vaughn, Lewis (2002)
[xiii] Location 351, 412 of 2387 Kindle edition
[xiv] They never address creation from real nothingness – a quantum vacuum is not nothing
Tags: Grand Design, Hawking, multiverse, cosmology
by Brian 11. September 2010 23:31
The combination of ABC's Nick Watt and master physicist Stephen Hawking the other night was about as disappointing as it gets within mainstream television news. I've witnessed a pattern on ABC going back to Peter Jennings. They appear to have an anti-religious and especially an anti-Christian agenda – perhaps fodder for a future post. We see evidence of this once again, just a few months after a similarly specious interview. As for Stephen Hawking's latest comments, I respectfully suggest he is looking to go out with a big bang of controversy or his mind is quickly approaching maximum entropy. Hawking has coauthored a soon-to-be-released book with Leonard Mlodinow called The Grand Design and makes some astonishing, if not outlandish statements – such as:
"It is not necessary to invoke God to light the blue touch paper and set the universe going…because there is a law such as gravity, the universe can and will create itself from nothing. Spontaneous creation is the reason there is something rather than nothing, why the universe exists, why we exist."
Oh Really? What happened to the 2500 year-old metaphysical principle of ex nihilo nihil fit (from nothing, nothing comes) and what is this new theory conveniently called spontaneous creation? Did Hawking discover something recently to wipe away one of the surest and most fundamental axioms of ontology? Of course not! I heard nothing mentioned in Nick's interview or any other news save for the dubious M-theory which has been around for years. Nick Watt even sums up his piece with Hawking by saying "It may take years, generations, centuries perhaps, for scientists to test Hawking's theory that our world was created by physics alone." That hardly sounds convincing. Hawking most likely; and other proponents commenting on this topic most certainly; offer nothing more than a thought experiment. Real nothingness remains impotent.
Hawking appears to be offering the metascientific idea of a First Law preceding the universe. But this is fraught with problems. First of all, scientists ought to reject ad hoc or prodigal explanations that cannot be verified – whether we speak of multiverses, mother-universes or Physics as a first-cause. Second, an ontologically-prior Law spontaneously generating a rich, complex and fine-tuned universe suitable for conscious life is so pregnant with telic implication one can only be disingenuous to offer the idea within a naturalistic framework. This may be why Hawking also throws out Einsteinian versions of God like Intelligence or Sagan's Cosmos. If we just capitalize the first letter then all is well. It reminds me of scientists who recognize the mathematical difficulties of abiogenesis on Earth, so they push the problem further into space by suggesting life on Earth was seeded. Same deal here…heaven forbid the first-cause is God, so let's suggest Physics instead. It used to be God or the Universe as the eternal Alpha. Now we know the universe began to exist, so Hawking leaves us with the choices of God or Physics - and he chooses Physics. Deconstructing what is really going on here...
Hawking, just prior to the release of his new book, joins the irreligious team at ABC to offer a few teasers from his forthcoming bestseller. Robin of ABC introduces Hawking as the physicist who "has been called the smartest man in the world." Nick goes on to refer to Hawking as "our world's most famous scientist," obviously referring to 'living' scientist. Nick says, "Hawking has no need for God." Hawking says, "God is unnecessary," and "there was no hand of God" at the beginning. He goes on to say, "The laws of physics can explain the universe without the need for a creator. " So, according to the master scientist, the universe began to exist for no other reason and by no other cause than…wait for it…wait for it…Physics! Nick smiles looking forward to a few beers with his infidels.org buddies and Hawking smiles because he's in the limelight and book sales are promising.
All joking aside, allow me to conclude with the facts all sides of the debate should be able to agree upon:
1. Nothing substantive has been offered as an explanation for Hawking's new pronouncement. Yet ABC promotes spontaneous self-creation and the non-necessity of God as if it were the sort of thing smart physicists believe.
2. Even if Hawking does lay out a theory of everything where the universe creates itself out of nothing, it's unlikely to be confirmed by science. More likely; what will be offered by Hawking, if anything, will be a metaphysical principle, and will need to be dealt with by philosophers of whom Hawking is hardly qualified.
3. The idea of simply capitalizing the first letter of physics, laws of nature, gravity, etc., offers no explanation whatsoever as to the first cause of the universe. Something more has to be offered and by Hawking's own self-imposed standard for truth, a scientific explanation - one that is verifiable and falsifiable. Of course neither of which is likely considering we are talking about a 13.7 billion year old singularity.
Supporting links:
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-1308599/Stephen-Hawking-wrong-You-explain-universe-God.html
http://www.reasonablefaith.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=5887
Tags: Hawking, ABC news, Nick Watt, m-theory

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Ronaldo Schemidt/AFP via Getty Images
What Do the Letters Mean in LGBTQIA+?
Kaitlin Miller
LGBT 101
LGBT is an abbreviation that has evolved in recent years to the longer acronym LGBTQIA+ to be inclusive of a spectrum of sexual orientations and gender identities. What each letter stands for and even what each individual term means can vary from person to person. But if you're planning on celebrating Pride Month or want to be more supportive of the LGBT people in your life and community, here's a quick primer on the commonly accepted meaning of each letter in LGBTQIA+ based on definitions from the non-profits OutRight Action International and the Trevor Project.
L: Lesbian
Compassionate Eye Foundation/David Oxberry
LGBTQIA+ is meant to be a unifying umbrella, though each letter does represent a subset within the larger group. The L in LGBTQIA+ stands for "lesbian," meaning a woman who is sexually and/or emotionally attracted to other women, though some women personally prefer the term "gay."
G: Gay
The G in LGBTQIA+ stands for "gay." In the past, this term was predominantly used for men who are sexually and/or emotionally attracted to men. However, today, "gay" can be used to refer to anyone who is attracted to their same sex or gender.
B: Bisexual
The B in LGBTQIA+ stands for "bisexual." People who identify as bisexual are sexually and/or emotionally attracted to both men and women, or to more than one gender identity.
T: Transgender
The T in LGBTQIA+ stands for "transgender" or "trans" for short. This term is used to describe someone whose gender identity or expression differs from what is expected based on the sex they were assigned at birth. Some people who have transitioned to their true gender choose to identify as just "male" or "female" instead of as transgender.
Q: Queer
AGUSTIN PAULLIER/AFP via Getty Images
The Q in LGBTQIA+ stands for two things, one of them being "queer." In the past, the word queer was used as a discriminatory slur, but the term has been reclaimed by the LGBTQIA+ community. Queer is often used as a broad term for anyone who is not straight and not cisgender. Cisgender people are those whose gender identity and expression matches the sex they were assigned at birth. Although some people proudly identify as queer, some LGBTIQA+ people still find the term offensive.
Q: Questioning
Mixmike via Getty Images
The Q in LGBTQIA+ also stands for "questioning." Questioning refers to someone questioning their sexual orientation and/or their gender identity so they are not quite sure how to identify themselves.
I: Intersex
JasonDoiy via Getty Images
The I in LGBTQIA+ stands for "intersex." Intersex people naturally have biological traits, such as genetic, hormonal or anatomical differences, that don't fit the typical definitions of female or male. Being intersex is not linked to sexual orientation or gender identity.
A: Asexual
Brendan Smialowski/Getty Images
The A in LGBTQIA+ can stand for two different terms. The first is "asexual," which is often shortened as "ace." Individuals who identify as asexual do not experience sexual attraction or do not have an interest in or desire for sex. People of different sexual orientations and gender identities can be asexual.
A: Ally
JOSH EDELSON/AFP via Getty Images
The other meaning of the A in LGBTQIA+ is "ally," which means someone who identifies as cisgender and straight but supports social and legal equality for LGBTQIA+ people.
Plus: Everything else
ARUN SANKAR/AFP via Getty Images
The plus sign is often included at the end of the acronym LGBTQIA+ to encompass anyone else who doesn't feel included in the other categories. This includes people who identify as pansexual, demisexual or other sexual orientations and gender identities not easily summed up in one term. Teaching children to be accepting of someone regardless of how they choose to identify is just one thing that parents should do in their lifetime.
Life Lessons Our Parents Taught Us
How the Environment Impacts Your Health
Foods That Boost Your Immune System
35 Ways to Create a Healthier Home
Beautiful Spring Flowers Around the World


Slushing waste paper/broke/virgin pulp in a continues or batch operation.
Used for slashing of all type of waste paper and machine, Broke from paper machine.
The Reject Chamber is provided with a glass which helps to observe the rejection collected in to chamber.
Effective Separation of heavy & light material (Metal pieces, Pins, Plastics) from pulp.
Treatment of rejects from high consistency cleaner and other screening.
Thickner remove excess water from stock it made from CI moulds and M.S. / S.S. Vat.
The ideal screen for waste paper stock preparation (white and brown grade).
Vertical screen designed for fine screening of all kind of stock suspensions at low consistency range of 0.4-1.1%.
Excellent former assembly for good formation and paper pick up of 32 to 120 gsm.
It is the heart of a paper/board machine.
Wire Section is available either with cantilever type or run out type wire changing arrangement.
Press section is designed for 180kg. - liner cm. load for efficient water removal.
Dryer Section designed to optimize the drying rate, reducing the investment cost.
M.G. Cylinder can be provided with scooping system for removal of condensate efficiently.
Before the reeler camber pipe or camber roll are installed for creasing free reeling.
Hi - Tech Machinery'S performance oriented journey began in the year 1995 as the brain child of Shri P.D. Patel, who has a wide technical experience in the field of Pulp and Paper Machinery. Today Hi - Tech Engineers is running successfully with co-union of the experienced old persona Mr. P.D. Patel and young professionals Mr. Alkesh Patel, Mr. Dipak patel and Mr. Ketan Patel.


Self-Immolation and the Threat of Hell: Why Is Hell Insufficient to Prevent Altruism?
*There's a Science Sunday post waiting to happen. A friend of mine in the engineering management field and I are drafting a paper on this topic.
Back to self-immolation. When I finished my major study on self-immolation, I was left with many unanswered questions, which is to be expected considering I can't get into the minds of dead people. One of these questions was: What role does religion play in compelling people to set themselves on fire to protest a social wrong? Unfortunately, if you're here looking for answers, stop reading now. Currently, I have no answers. This is merely to show a gap in our knowledge.
Out of the data for I collected on 488 cases of self-immolation from 1963 to 2012, all of them professed a religious component to their decision. I should clarify. Not all of them left suicide notes, but those who did were explicit in the religious aspect of their suicidal act of protest. This is very interesting if we look at who are killing themselves.
The vast majority — upwards of 70% — committed suicide by self-immolation in states with Indic religions. Almost 30%, however, committed suicide by self-immolation in states with predominantly Abrahamic religions. Since we've already determined that all of the victims of self-immolation who left suicide notes professed a religious aspect to their suicides, this raises very interesting questions, which I will present by quoting my research (which quotes from Michael Biggs).
This religious theme uncovers interesting questions. First, is belief in god correlated with the decision to self-immolate? Michael Biggs notes that the vast majority of self-immolations from 1963 to 2002 were "most frequent in countries with Buddhist or Hindu religious traditions…" Additionally, he points to belief in a supernatural being as a motivational factor in the decision to self-immolate. He writes, "Self immolation is an exchange: in return for the sacrifice, a supernatural agency will intervene on behalf of the cause." While this might indeed be a motivation for believers in the Eastern gods, it cannot definitively be stated that it serves as a motivation for believers in the god of Abraham; the Abrahamic god promises no eternal reward for suicide, but rather eternal suffering.
That last sentence is the important one. Why did roughly 150 Christians and Muslims commit suicide — even altruistic suicide — when the teachings of their faiths had them believe suicide was an eternal sin?
Let me break this down and give some context.
These are people who kill themselves because they believe their deaths will have a positive impact on the society in which they live. This is altruistic suicide, not selfish suicide. They believe this so much that they are willing to spend eternity in hell in order to better serve their fellow human beings. In other words, not even the threat of hell can dissuade them from acting in a self-destructive manner. Additionally, these were all very religious people who surely must've known about the teachings of hell within their respective religions.
To put this into context, zero known cases of self-immolation were carried out by self-professed atheists (which raises yet another question, but that's beyond the scope of this post).
That is, self-immolation appears on the outside to at least withstand the idea of eternal punishment, but it does so in a strictly religious context. If the opposite were the case, we might expect more atheists to commit suicide protest. At most we might be able to say the victims of self-immolation acted because they believed their suicides would not only make the world a better place, but also god would look favorably on them for their sacrifice. Unfortunately, we can only speculate this because dead people aren't very good at telling us the answers.
This is a very interesting topic to me, and I expect I will continue examining this phenomenon in the future. There is a lot more research needed, and I hope I will be able to provide some insight into how we can make better sense of these acts. The very, very unfortunate reality of my research is, however, that in order to better understand self-immolation, more people will regrettably die. That is, I need more data points, and I must confess, that's a reality I struggle with every time I add a person's name to my database.
This entry was posted in Research and tagged Atheism, political science, Religion, Self-Immolation. Bookmark the permalink.
3 Responses to Self-Immolation and the Threat of Hell: Why Is Hell Insufficient to Prevent Altruism?


Day Tripping to Birmingham on the Quest for New Ink!
I can't believe its been nearly a month since my last blog post... time is flying by! I've wanted to do this wish list post for a while now as its coming up to Christmas and I have been spying loads of great stuff in the shops that I would love to get my hands on!


I have been hanging on to this color palette for a while and was finally inspired enough to put this board together. I think this board definitely works for any season...and you can keep the palette warm for the cooler seasons but using more of the midnight and less of the bright peony pink!
Have a fab Wednesday! See ya' tomorrow!
Midnight and Peony is so pretty. Peonies are my favorite flower - so ruffly and gorgeous. Peonies makes me smile. Thanks for sharing.


Three generations of a German family unite in an urban apartment for a family meal in this slow and sometimes hypnotic feature. Rarely do we see the characters leave the kitchen for long, which gives a not-unpleasant sense of claustrophobia. Food is prepared, Grandma naps, the washing machine gets fixed, people drink milk and kids play with remote helicopter toys. More and more people show up.
The Strange Little Cat suffers from a lack of protagonist. The characters are almost all so aloof that it is hard to be attached or to care about anything they do. The exception is Clara, the youngest child, and she seems like a natural choice for a point of view. She has childhood to put her strangeness into perspective. She screams along with the blender and the espresso machine, but in a world where you are marginalized and told what to do, this seems to make a lot of sense.
I enjoyed the screen time given to the family cat and dog -- as much as is given to most of the many family members who come and go constantly. We are often told in the film how crazy the dog and cat are, but there is nothing strange about them at all. Perhaps they are meant to be the only normal ones, but the family itself does not seem overly eccentric or weird. They sometimes lapse into reverie and tell a serious story about a mundane feeling or event, but this supposed oddness never quite rings true.
I think that first-time director Ramon Zurcher was attempting to make a quirky, understated scenario which would slowly gain momentum in its collection of details. Most of the elements are enjoyable and they do come close to achieving something, but to just miss the mark.
The film plays on September 27th at 9:30 pm at SFU Woodwards and October 10th at 2:00 pm in the Rio Theatre.


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Global Fashion Capitals
Image: Installation view of the New York section, photo by Eileen Costa
Exhibition Dates: June 2 – November 14, 2015
Exhibition Location: The Museum at Fashion Institute of Technology
Fashion & Textile History Gallery
The globalization of fashion has given rise to new fashion cities that now annually host hundreds of fashion weeks around the world. Each city's cultural identity and particular economic, political, and social circumstances combine to elevate its designers to international attention. Global Fashion Capitals explored the history of the established fashion capitals—Paris, New York, Milan, and London—and the emergence of 16 new fashion cities.
The exhibition opened with a digital style map that geographically located the fashion capitals and showcased their latest runway and street style photographs. Global Fashion Capitals continued city-by-city, starting with Paris, the birthplace of haute couture, represented by designs from Charles Frederick Worth, Gabrielle Chanel, Christian Dior, and the emerging couturier, Bouchra Jarrar.
The New York section began with a circa 1938 iridescent evening gown by Nettie Rosenstein and ended with Alexander Wang's sporty spring/summer 2015 neon orange dress. New York also included styles by Claire McCardell, Halston, and Ralph Lauren.
Milan claimed its place as Italy's fashion capital during the 1970s. Brands such as Versace and Prada helped establish the city's respected prêt-à-porter. Now, newer designers, such as Stella Jean, bring fresh perspectives to Milan.
Image: Installation view, photo by Eileen Costa
London captured international attention with youthquake fashions during the 1960s. Provocative designers such as Vivienne Westwood, John Galliano, and Alexander McQueen established London as a creative fashion hub during the decades since.
When selecting which emerging fashion capitals to include in the exhibition, the curators considered a number of indicators to show that a city's fashion scene is growing. All the featured cities are home to forward-thinking designers who have achieved domestic success and attracted international interest. They also hold fashion weeks attended by international press and fashion buyers.
Image: Installation view of the Antwerp, photo by Eileen Costa
Several factors drive the development of a city's fashion scene—politics, economics, and government support among them. For example, Johannesburg fashion blossomed during the post-apartheid era, led by designers such as Nkhensani Nkosi of Stoned Cherrie. Current events in Ukraine have ignited the creativity of designers such as Anton Belinskiy, who staged a photo shoot amid Kievs street protests.
China's economic growth over the last decade created consumer demand for international fashion, developing into support for successful domestic designers, such as Shanghai's Masha Ma. Nigeria's economy, the largest in Africa, supports Lagos' developing fashion industry and the growing international reach of brands like Maki Oh and Lisa Folwaiyo. The governments of Copenhagen and Seoul actively fund and promote their fashion industries.
The exhibition also examined fashions from:
St. Petersburg/Moscow
Sydney/Melbourne
São Paolo
Video: Interview With Curator Ariele Elia by Gregory DelliCarpini Jr.
Global Fashion Capitals was organized by Ariele Elia, assistant curator of costume and textiles, and Elizabeth Way, curatorial assistant, The Museum at FIT.
See the exhibition online.
Global Fashion Capitals Symposium
The Museum at FIT, in conjunction with CUNY Graduate Center and School of Visual, Media & Performing Arts at Brooklyn College, hosted a one-day symposium on the topic of global fashion capitals. The morning session took place on the FIT campus and consisted of a student fair, where visitors interacted with members of the international fashion community. The morning also included a fashion show featuring five designers from emerging fashion capitals and a panel discussion moderated by MFIT curators Ariele Elia and Elizabeth Way. The afternoon session took place at the CUNY Graduate Center.


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Q: Is there a way to rotate gameobject using Quaternion.LookRotation() on Y axis only? So, I'm working on Unity project. I have a mortar, which is leaned towards player gameobject. I want to rotate it so it follows player movement.
I came up with this simple code in my Update method:
        Vector3 directionToFace = _player.position - transform.position;
        directionToFace.y = 0;
        Debug.DrawRay(transform.position, directionToFace, Color.green); // for visualization
        transform.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(directionToFace);

But setting y to 0 caps rotation of x axis to 0 but I want my mortar to be leaned forward a bit. I've tried setting y to many different values but then distance between two objects determines how much the mortar leans. Yes, I know that I can make it child of an empty gameobject and apply script to the parent but if there is any other way to fix this problem inside my code... Your help will be appreciated.
The only idea I have is to calculate distance between two gameobjects and change value of directionToFace.y accordingly. But I will have to get local rotation that's assigned to mortar in the inspector and then calculate the value using Pythagorean Theorem... but I don't want to torture myself that much :D

A: Hope I understand your problem! I found it was possible to lean your gameObject forward by adding in this line after your code
transform.rotation = Quaternion.Euler(xOffset,transform.rotation.eulerAngles.y, transform.rotation.eulerAngles.z);

where xOffset is the amount you want your game object leaning, it would also be possible to add an explicit value for z in a similar way.

Let me know if this isn't what you meant.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Handling Specialty engineered to order lifts for the beginning and end of a van final assembly process as part of a plant expansion at a major truck manufacturer. At the beginning of the final assembly process, van bodies arrive on a chain conveyor and are elevated via two, mechanically actuated, two-stage scissor lifts situated on either side of the conveyor. This pair of 3,000 lb capacity lifts is synchronized electronically to elevate each van approximately 73" and then lower it onto the supports of an overhead conveyor. Integrated motion encoders monitor lift motion and height.
The van bodies proceed through the assembly process until they are complete in everything but the wheels. At this point, the van arrives over a single pit-mounted hydraulic scissor lift supplied by Handling Specialty. The 5,500 lb. capacity lift rises 85", contacts the vehicle underbody, and then lifts the vehicle another 10" off of the overhead conveyor support points. The conveyor moves away allowing the lift to lower the van approximately 4' for the wheel mounting operation. Once the van wheels are mounted, the lift lowers into the pit and the van is driven off the end of the line.


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You must never lose your ownCloud password, because you will lose access to your files. Though there is an optional recovery option that your ownCloud administrator may enable; see the Recovery Key Password section (below) to learn about this.
If your ownCloud administrator has enabled the recovery key feature, you can choose to use this feature for your account. If you enable "Password recovery" the administrator can read your data with a special password. This feature enables the administrator to recover your files in the event you lose your ownCloud password. If the recovery key is not enabled, then there is no way to restore your files if you lose your login password.
If your ownCloud administrator elects to disable the Encryption app, you will be prompted to go to your Personal page and enter your password on the Encryption form to decrypt your files.
If your files decrypt successfully, you can click the Delete encryption keys button. There is no reason to save them after disabling decryption, because if encryption is enabled again you'll generate a new set of keys. Your keys are preserved in case something goes wrong with the decryption and you need your keys to access your files.


Having lived in NYC I had heard Scott Metzger's name for years but I didn't really know his music. So one day I googled him, went on his website and listened to some tunes (note this was before JRAD) and I had a hard time telling what his "thing" was. As you'll see in this interview I was not just being a dolt (although I have that propensity) It turns out Scott doesn't have "A THING" he has many. I remember saying to Jason Crosby "he sounds amazing but does he speak jamband" After seeing Scott perform with Joe Russo's Almost Dead in front of 30,000 people losing their minds I think its safe to say he does. That said of all the material I've listened to or watched the video that blew me away the most is Scott playing and singing Richard Thompson. It gave me the chills.
John Leccese is the lead rock bass player and founding member of Assembly of Dust. He and I have known each other for more than 20 years. He is my musical compadre, confidant and one of my closest friends. John wears many hats in Assembly of Dust including musical director (he knows the songs better than I do), setlist writer (he knows the songs better than I do), master of the one-eyed stage shame hammer (he knows the songs better than I do). In addition to being my broseph and our musical map John has a host of wonderful approach to life. His personality is like his bass playing - buoyant.
n 1996 guided by the vision of our manage Brett Fairbrother and the hard work of a handful of New England bohemianswe hatched a homegrown "Sanford and Son" gathering of Strangers in northern VT. The first garden of Eden was in fact in Eden Vermont, hence the name. That weekend would become the heart of an organism called Strangefolk, Some 2 decades later summon that unusual cocktail (pardon the pun) with a self-assurance that those moments, that singular indelible place in the collective of our minds still exists. #WeWillRemain.
Scott Rosowsky aka Quiz Daddy aka Quizzie McGuireis is America's favorite new game show celebrity. He's like Bob Barker 3.0. Scott is beloved because he is genuinely funny but it's more than that its because he is genuine, he's a good dude and an authentic entertainer - he's real. Whats more Scott's a huge Jamband fan.
There is something unique about Terrapin Crossroads and the performances that occur there that's worth exploring. For me, a big part of it is that every day of the week a community of musicians gets up on that stage, "dusts off those rusty strings" and in earnest makes them shine again and again. The other powerful thing for me about Terrapin Crossroads is that The Grateful Dead and all of the musical offshoots represent a spiritual place in one's mind. Terrapin Crossroads is actually a physical place that holds that same emotion. You can tangibly touch it.
Face melting soft rock at its finest.
When you look back on your life, your memories come in different shapes and sizes with varying intensity and a range of ingredients composed of your senses, your emotions, and your psychology. Memories have multiple axes by which they are defined. Some are vague – like a feeling or a sense that you associate with a time in your life, a person or a place that is tangible - but you can't quite describe it.


text:
College of Letters & ScienceChemistry & Biochemistry
Chemistry With Biochemical Option
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Declare Your Minor
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Undergraduate Student Awards
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Application FAQ
Postdoctoral / Research Associates
Research Instrumentation Staff
Research & Instrumentation
Analytical Measurement and Instrumentation
Biological Chemistry/Structural Biology
Materials and Nano Science
Shimadzu Analytical Instrumentation Laboratory and Research Center
Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery
Other Local Resources
NMR Spectroscopy
Scientific Glass Shop
Single Crystal X-Ray Diffraction
Research Symposium 2015
George and Christine Sosnovsky Lectureship Series
The Science House at UWM
Opportunities for Highschool Students and Teachers
Milwaukee Analytical Chemistry Conference
Chemistry & Biochemistry Newsletter
LIVE New Chemistry Webcam
New Chemistry Building Construction Photos
Graduate Applicant Questions
Syllabi Archive
Research Opportunities for High School Students and Teachers
Students Modeling a Research Topic (SMART) Teams
In this multi-faceted program, students develop teamwork as they delve into the molecular world, explore science as a process and not just a collection of facts, and work closely with a researcher to understand and model the structure-function relationship of a protein the researcher studies. After designing and building a model of the protein using Rapid Prototyping technology, SMART teams create an oral presentation explaining their work to a lay audience and a poster which is presented to a scientific audience.
Upward Bound Math and Science (UBMS)
UWM Upward Bound Math and Science is an academic support pre-college program funded through the U.S. Department of Education, and sponsored by the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. The program works with students in grades 9-12 to help them realize their potential to excel in math and science, and encourage them to pursue a postsecondary degree in these fields.
Research Experience for Teachers (RET)
RET at UWM is supported by the National Science Foundation and is administered through the Departments of Physics, Chemistry, and Geosciences, and the Manfred Olsen Planetarium at the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee. The general objectives the RET program are: to improve the quality of local science teaching and thus stimulate the interest and imaginations of students who might not otherwise pursue science studies at college; to further develop and nurture the links between UWM and the local and extended educational community; to further the professional development of high school instructional staff; and to allow educators to develop specific teaching projects which they will take back to and use in their classrooms; to develop online courses to support the continuing education of high school science teachers in Wisconsin. A major goal of the program is to seek ways of improving the quality of teacher training and providing enrichment and support for in-service teachers.
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The full moon on April 29th is known as the "Pink Moon", marking the time on the calendar when springtime is in full bloom. The "Pink" moon is represented by the moss pink flower (Phlox subulata), which is abundant this time of year. I will guide a 20 minute meditation focused on allowing our own abundant blossoming of life to pulse in and through our body and spirit. We'll then transition to water, enjoying a peaceful hour + long paddle while the sun is setting and the moon is rising.
Please bring a flashlight or head lamp that you may fix onto your board or person as you paddle in.


Kaila Philo / Washingtonian: We Asked a Law Professor: Does Devin Nunes Even Have a Case?
Lawsuit accusing Trump of violating Constitution gets hostile reception — RICHMOND — A federal appeals court panel was indisputably hostile Tuesday to a lawsuit accusing President Donald Trump of violating the Constitution by profiting from his business dealings with foreign countries seeking to curry favor with his administration.
Former Speaker of the House Paul Ryan joins board of Fox Corporation — New York (CNN Business)Former Speaker of the House Paul Ryan is joining the board of the newly slimmed-down Fox Corporation, the parent company of Fox News. — Ryan and three other board of directors were appointed on Tuesday.
This is a snapshot of memeorandum at 7:00 PM ET, March 19, 2019.
Steven Hayward / Power Line: A New Dem, um, . . . Front-Runner?


Used as both a core textbook in PT programs and as a clinical reference, Physical Therapy for Children, 4th Edition, provides the essential information needed by PTs, both student and professional, when working with children. Like the previous bestselling editions, the 4th edition follows the practice pattern categories of the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice and uses the IFC model of the disabling process as it presents up-to-date evidence-based coverage of treatment. In this latest edition, Suzann Campbell DeLapp, Robert J. Palisano, and Margo N. Orlin have added more case studies and video clips, additional chapters and Medline-linked references online, and Evidence to Practice boxes to make it easy to find and remember important information.
Provides comprehensive foundational knowledge in decision making, screening, development, motor control, and motor learning, the impairments of body function and structure, and the PT management of pediatric disorders.
Reflects a family-centered care model throughout to help you understand how to involve children and their caregivers in developing and implementing intervention plans.
Emphasizes an evidence-based approach that incorporates the latest research for the best outcomes.
Follows the practice pattern guidelines of the Guide to Physical Therapist Practice, 2nd Edition which sets the standard for physical therapy practice.
Features the International Classification of Function, Disability, and Health (ICF) of the World Health Organization (WHO) as the model for the disabling process, emphasizing activity rather than functional limitations and participation rather than disability in keeping with the book's focus on prevention of disability.
Provides extensive case studies that show the practical application of material covered in the text and are often accompanied by online video clips illustrating the condition and its management.
Makes it easy to access key information with plenty of tables and boxes that organize and summarize important points.
Clearly demonstrates important concepts and clinical conditions you'll encounter in practice with over 800 illustrations.
10 additional video clips help you deepen your understanding of more disorders and their management.
UNIQUE! The latest research is incorporated throughout the text with evidence-based boxes that make it easy to find evidence supporting case management.
UNIQUE! The Evolve website now includes references linked to Medline abstracts for easy access to research cited in the text.
Patient and client cases are accompanied by an Evidence to Practice box in the text that clarifies the evidence and provides related references to help you better understand many of the decisions made in each case.
UNIQUE! Special topics such as gait, genomics, and assistive technology are covered in chapters on the Evolve website, making it easy to search related links and additional information.
Summary boxes at the end of each chapter help you focus your review of key points.
More case studies expand the number of clinical scenarios to help you understand how concepts apply to practice.
More cardiopulmonary coverage helps you consider important factors, including evaluation information and typical values across the lifespan for blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate.
More coverage of fetal development explains how and why various disorders occur.


Allowed signs at Devens are determined by the uses allowed in the district by the By-Laws and in accordance with the Reuse Plan. The following matrix references use categories from the By-Laws with applicable sections of 974 CMR 6.04.
In the event a permitted use in Devens is not included in the above Table, the Applicant shall request in writing that the Director determine the appropriate Sign Regulation section that applies for the use. The Director may delegate such authority to the Building Official. Such determination shall be made within seven days of the receipt of the written request. Should the Director not render a determination within the seven days, the Applicant may erect signs in accordance with Section 5. Industrial-Institutional. The Applicant may appeal the Director's determination by requesting a Reconsideration pursuant to the By-Laws and 974 CMR 1.00: Administration.
The following signs may be erected on all premises within Devens. These signs do not require a permit from the DEC.
(a)	Type 3 Directional signs -- Signs for the express purpose of directing persons through the site (ENTER, EXIT, VISITORS, etc.) including signs within parking areas and signs for vehicular and pedestrian traffic shall not be limited as to number, but shall not exceed 4 square feet in size per individual sign and be erected so that they do not reduce visibility for vehicles.
In residential areas, occupants may erect a single 2 square foot freestanding or building mounted accessory sign, showing name, address, and allowed home occupation (if any).
(a)	Commercial areas in Devens consist of any of the following: retail/service centers with multiple occupants (such as shopping centers, "mini-malls," strip malls, etc.); free-standing (or one user per structure) retail/service uses; convenience retail, either free-standing or contained within structures; and small-scale accessory retail uses contained within structures devoted primarily to other uses. Small-scale offices, providing services to the public or to clients, and located within areas of retail centers, free standing retail, and convenience retail establishments may erect signs according to 974 CMR 6.04.
Signs erected in retail areas include Type 1 Freestanding signs, Type 3 Directional signs, Type 4 Building-mounted signs, window signs (both Type 5 Permanent signs and temporary window signs), and Type 6 Hanging signs. Window signs, in retail areas may not exceed 25% of the window area to which they are attached.
Type 1 Freestanding signs. One free-standing sign may be erected. For buildings containing multiple occupants, a single sign is allowed and should be restricted to a common name or the building's name or other identifying information. If individual business names are displayed, the design of each shall be as uniform as possible, and incorporated in such a way to resemble a single sign to the greatest extent possible, with total area of signs not exceeding the maximum allowed for a single sign.
The maximum size of the signboard or signboard envelop of freestanding signs is 72 square feet in area. For two-sided signs, the maximum size of each message board on each side is also 72 square feet. The total area of the structure erected, inclusive of the signboard and the base, pedestal or superstructure that encompasses the sign, shall not exceed 100 square feet in area or a a ratio of 1�:1(one & one-half to one), sign area to total structure area (measured on the same area plane as the sign.) Free-standing signs should be set-back 20 feet from the edge of roadway to allow for full visibility of persons entering and exiting the site. No portion of a free-standing sign may exceed 20 feet in height.
Free-standing signs may be illuminated in compliance with 974 CMR 4.00. Free-standing signs shall not be illuminated when the premises is not open for business.
Type 4 Building signs. Illuminated and non-illuminated signs may not occupy more than 3% of the building facade on which they are mounted [974 CMR 4.04(3)(i)] up to a maximum of 100 square feet in area. For buildings containing multiple retail and commercial occupants, each occupant with direct access to the outside shall be allowed a sign, not to exceed 3% of the portion of the building facade that the premises occupies, with a minimum of 20 square feet and a maximum of 100 square feet in area. Perpendicular or hanging signs may be erected instead of the individual building-mounted signs.
Buildings located on a corner may erect a building-mounted sign on each facade of the building with a smaller (up to a maximum of 1% of the portion of the building facade that the premises occupies, with a minimum of 10 square feet and a maximum of 50 square feet in area) sign on the second side. Ideally, the larger sign will be located on the side with the larger facade, the side facing the principal access street, or the side with the principal entrance to the premises.
Type 3 Directional signs for the safety of the public may be erected as needed.
Type 5 Windows signs, temporary and permanent, may be erected in accordance with 974 CMR 6.00.
Type 1 Free-standing sign, as above, if the building is located on a single lot with at least 200 feet of frontage. Free-standing signs shall not be illuminated when the premises is not open for business.
Type 3 Directional signs as needed.
Type 4 Building-mounted signs as described above. A secondary sign may be erected for buildings on corners.
(e)	Small-Scale Accessory Retail Uses. A small-scale accessory retail use located within another structure may erect a Type 4 building-mounted sign not to exceed twenty square feet in area, provided it has external entrance directly to the parking area or building access areas and the establishment is open to the general public, not restricted to the occupants of the building.
(f)	Lodging establishments may erect signs in accord with section (c) Free-Standing Retail/Service Uses above. A restaurant within a hotel, motel, or other lodging establishment being open to the general public and having an external entrance to the parking or access areas may erect either a hanging sign (Type 6 above) or a building-mounted sign, not exceeding 20 square feet in area, in addition to any permanent or temporary Type 5 window signs otherwise allowed.
Signs erected in these areas include Type 2 On-premises signs, Type 3 Directional signs, Type 4 Building-mounted signs, window signs (both Type 5 Permanent signs and temporary window signs), and Type 6 Hanging signs. Window signs in industrial-institutional areas may not exceed 25% of the window area to which they are attached.
(a)	Type 2 - Each building may erect an on-premises sign, complying with the size and illumination limitations listed in the sign type description above. The sign shall be located adjacent to the street right-of-way adjacent to the primary vehicular entrance to the site. This sign shall contain the name of the business or entity occupying the premises, or in the case of multiple occupants, the name of the building, the address, or other identifier for the premises. On corner lots with vehicular access from both streets, the DEC may allow a second on-premises sign to be erected.
(b)	Type 3 Directional Signs as needed and complying with 974 CMR 6.00.
(c)	Type 4 Building-mounted signs. Illuminated and non-illuminated signs may not occupy more than 3% of the building facade on which they are mounted (from 974 CMR 4.04) up to a maximum of 100 square feet in area. For buildings containing multiple occupants, occupants with direct access to the outside shall be allowed a sign, not to exceed 3% of the portion of the building facade that the premises occupies, with a minimum of 20 square feet and a maximum of 100 square feet in area. Perpendicular or hanging signs may be erected instead of the individual building-mounted signs.
(d)	Type 5 Permanent window signs. Both permanent signs and temporary window signs may be used.
(e)	Type 6 Hanging signs. Perpendicular or hanging signs in the size and located in accord with 974 CMR 6.00 may be erected in lieu of a building-mounted sign as detailed in 974 CMR 6.04(5)(c).
(f)	Restaurants in Conference Centers open to the public and having a direct external entrance to the parking or access areas may erect either a hanging sign (Type 6) or a Type 4 building-mounted sign, not exceeding 20 square feet in area, in addition to any permanent or temporary window signs otherwise allowed.
(g)	To identify the premises within planned or coordinated developments, a planned subdivision or planned unit development, multiple buildings on a single lot with multiple owners or tenants, the DEC may permit a single freestanding Type 1 sign may be erected in lieu of a Type 2 on-premises sign.
For buildings containing multiple occupants, a single Type 1 sign is allowed and shall be restricted to a common name or the building's name or other identifying information. If individual business names are displayed, the design of each shall be as uniform as possible, and incorporated in such a way to resemble a single sign to the greatest extent possible, with total area of signs not exceeding the maximum allowed for a single sign.
The maximum size for freestanding signs is 100 square feet in area. Free-standing signs should be set-back 20 feet from the edge of roadway to allow for full visibility of persons entering and exiting the site. No portion of a freestanding sign may exceed 20 feet in height.
Lots or developments located on corners may erect a free-standing sign along the street having the higher volume of traffic with an on-premises sign (Type 2) along the second street. In planned developments or for buildings on very large lots, the DEC may, during site plan review, allow a freestanding sign along the second street if the DEC determines the sign will better direct the public to the premises, enhance the appearance of the site, or because of topographic conditions.
Buildings and premises within the Historic District shall be subject to review by the Massachusetts Historical Commission pursuant to the section 1.06 Programmatic Agreement between the Army and the Commonwealth and approval by the DEC as the Local Historic District Commission. The Commission may utilize more stringent standards and restrictive criteria than contained in 974 CMR 6.00. The Commission may also allow signs of a form not otherwise permitted by 974 CMR 6.00 or allow signs to be mounted in locations not otherwise permitted by 974 CMR 6.00, if, in their opinion, such sign may more appropriately fit with the character the premises and the district.
Signs within the viewshed shall comply with the allowed signs for the use category of the premises. Any sign, whether free-standing, on-premises, or building mounted, to be erected within a viewshed area shall be located below existing or new tree canopies, but may not in any case exceed a maximum of 20 feet in height.
Illuminated signs are generally discouraged within the viewshed.


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NYC Statists Want to Enforce Law That Requires a License for Pet Sitting
Health Department rules ban anyone from taking money to care for an animal outside a licensed kennel — and the department has warned a popular pet-sitting app that its users are breaking the law, reports The New York Daily News.
NYC Health Department general counsel Thomas Merrill sent a letter last October to DogVacay.com, which has since been bought by Rover, warning that its users were breaking the law and asking the company to require sitters to confirm they have a license before joining up. The app has not done so.
The company has 95,000 pet owners registered in the city, and 9,000 sitters, who brought in $4.1 million over the last year.
. "You [are telling] the middle class you can't own dogs unless you can pop in your Range Rover and drive to Connecticut for a boarding facility," Rover's general counsel John Lapham. said.
The Daily News notes that no full-scale crackdown followed, but at least two apartment residents were slapped with violations in November and December for caring for pets without a permit. Fines start at $1,000.
Note, this statist advance appears to be coming from apartment dwellers who don't want their neighbors sitting for pets. I get it. But the solution shouldn't be calling in the state but rather a Private Property Society solution. Let each building owner set the rules for his building,
No need for draconian statist "solutions" that simply pit one special interest group against the other.


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Zalando says private delivery test sees "excellent" results
today Sep 24, 2019
With the seamless handling of delivery and returns being a key weapon that the biggest online retailers can deploy in the fashion sector, it's interesting to hear that Zalando's recent test in Denmark of a pick-up and drop-off pilot has seen a strong response.
Homerr/Zalando
It sees community members, known as "Din Nabo" (or, "your neighbour"), becoming service points for packages and Remko Bakker, the company's head of Logistics Platform Services, said that 95% of customers who had their package delivered to a Din Nabo reported an "excellent service" when collecting or returning their package.
The pilot is taking place in residential areas of Copenhagen and Aarhus and "first learnings from the pilot test indicate that the concept will function even better in rural areas," he said. That's because "there are fewer stores and opening hours are shorter, which calls for a more convenient pick-up and drop-off option. Also, in rural areas of Denmark, more houses are accessed via the ground floor, which increases convenience."
Mark Pieterse, co-founders of Homerr, the Dutch delivery partner with which Zalando is working, said the service also seems to be appealing to Danes because of the sustainability element.
"Danish people are increasingly aware of sustainability. This is a chance for individuals to positively impact their community by reducing the number of delivery attempts made by providing a single drop-off or pick-up point. Many Din Nabo are happy to support and be part of their local communities, interacting with others and helping them by providing a convenient service. People who have signed up to become Din Nabo also earn a small commission for their service."
Juriaan Matthijssen, Homerr's other co-founder, added that this is important as "private delivery and return points will help reduce the environmental impact (up to 50 grams per package in the case of this pilot concept) by taking the pressure off the last mile. Zalando orders will be bundled to fewer addresses and, as a result, there will be fewer but more efficient delivery routes."
Zalando's Bakker also said that "feedback from customers is very much in line with our preliminary market research, which predicted that proximity, opening hours and accessibility are the most important criteria when deciding on a specific pick-up point. Furthermore, 72% of Danish customers state that they are highly likely to use pick-up points in the near future knowing that they are more environmentally friendly."
The company will continue to test the concept until the end of October and will then assess how to proceed.
Zalando and Fast Retailing boost sustainability commitments
Karl Lagerfeld CEO Pier Paolo Righi on showing at Pitti, booming worldwide and the house becoming custodian of Karl's legacy
German retailer Douglas lays foundation for possible IPO
Zalando to sell subsidiary Kickz due to product overlap and core strategy
Zalando launches cyber week deals in customer acquisition drive
Nike to end its deal with Amazon
Zalando adds unusual twist to Christmas campaign
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Leishman, M.R., Gallagher, R.V., Catford, J.A., Grice, T., Morgan, J. & Setterfield, S. (2017) Invasive plants and pathogens in Australia. In 'Australian Vegetation'. 3rd EDITION, pp.207-229 (Ed. David Keith) Cambridge University Press.
Gallagher, R.V. & Leishman, M.R. (2014) Invasive plants and invaded ecosystems in Australia: implications for biodiversity. In Austral Ark: The state of wildlife in Australia and New Zealand (A. Stow, N. Maclean & G. Holwell), pp. 105-133. Cambridge University Press.
Leishman, M.R. & Harris, C. (2010) Seed Ecology. In Encyclopedia of Invasive Introduced Species (eds D. Simberloff and M. Rejmanek), pp. 627-631. University of California Press.
Ryder, D., Brierley, G., Hobbs, R., Kyle, G & Leishman, M. (2008) Vision Generation: What do we seek to achieve in integrative river rehabilitation? In River Futures. An Integrative Scientific Approach to River Repair, (eds G. Brierley & Fryirs, K.), pp. 16-27. Island Press, USA.
Moles, A. T. & Leishman, M.R. (2008) The seedling as part of a plant's life history strategy. In Seedling Ecology and Evolution (eds Leck, M. A., Parker, V. T. & Simpson, R. L.), pp. 217-238. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Leishman, M.R., Wright, I.J., Moles, A.T. & Westoby, M. (2000). The evolutionary ecology of seed size. In Seeds – the ecology of regeneration in plant communities (ed. M. Fenner), pp. 31-57. 2nd edition. CAB International, Wallingford.
Westoby, M. & Leishman, M.R. (1997). Categorizing plant species into functional types. In Plant Functional Types: their relevance to ecosystem properties and global change (eds T.M. Smith, H.H. Shugart, and F.I. Woodward), pp. 104-121. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Waryszak, P., Lenz, T.I., Leishman, M.R., Downey, P.O. (2018) Herbicide effectiveness in controlling invasive plants under elevated CO2: Sufficient evidence to rethink weeds management. Journal of Environmental Management 226, 400-407.
Gufu, G.D., Manea, A., Vorreiter, L., Leishman, M.R. 2018. Do invasive exotic and native freshwater plant species respond similarly to low additional nitrate doses?. Aquatic Botany 151, 1-8.
Geedicke, I., Oldeland, J. & Leishman, M.R. (2018) Urban stormwater run-off promotes compression of saltmarshes by freshwater plants and mangrove forests. Science of the Total Environment 637, 137-144.
Berthon, K., Esperon-Rodriguez, M., Beaumont, L., Carnegie, A., Leishman, M.R. (2018) Assessment and prioritisation of plant species at risk from Myrtle Rust (Austropuccinia psidii) under current and future climates in Australia. Biological Conservation 218, 154-162.
Fernandez Winzer, L., Carnegie, A.J., Pegg, G.S., & Leishman, M.R. (2018) Impacts of the invasive fungus Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust) on three Australian Myrtaceae species of coastal swamp woodland. Austral Ecology 43, 56-68.
Wright, I.J., Dong, N., Maire, V., Prentice, I.C., Westoby, M., Díaz, S., Gallagher, R.V., Jacobs, B.F., Kooyman, R., Law, E.A., Leishman, M.R., Niinemets, U., Reich, P.B., Sack, L., Villar, R., Wang, H., Wilf, P. Global climatic drivers of leaf size. Science 357 (6354), 917-921.
Harris, C.J., Manea, A., Moles, A.T., Murray, B.R. & Leishman, M.R. (2017) Differences in life-cycle stage components between native and introduced ranges of five woody Fabaceae tree species. Austral Ecology 42, 404-413.
Yanjie, L., Oduor, A.M.O., Zhang, Z. Manea, A., Tooth, I.M., Leishman, M.R., Xu, X., van Kleunen, M. (2017) Do invasive alien plants benefit more from global environmental change than native plants? Global Change Biology 23, 3363-3370.
Manea, A. & Leishman, M.R. (2014) Competitive interactions between established grasses and woody plant seedlings under elevated CO2 levels are mediated by soil water availability. Oecologia 177, 499-506.
Gallagher, R.V., Randall, R.P. & Leishman, M.R. (2014) Trait differences between naturalized and invasive plant species independent of residence time and phylogeny. Conservation Biology 29, 360-369.
Leishman, M. R., Cooke, J., Richardson, D. M. (2014), Evidence for shifts to faster growth strategies in the new ranges of invasive alien plants. Journal of Ecology 102, 1451–1461.
O'Donnell, J., Fryirs, K. and Leishman, M. R. (2014) Can the regeneration of vegetation from riparian seed banks support biogeomorphic succession and the geomorphic recovery of degraded river channels? River Research and Applications 31, 834-846.
Moles, A. T., Perkins, S. E., Laffan, S. W., Flores-Moreno, H., Awasthy, M., Tindall, M. L., Sack, L., Pitman, A., Kattge, J., Aarssen, L. W., Anand, M., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., Cavender-Bares, J., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Cornwell, W. K., Díaz, S., Dickie, J. B., Freschet, G. T., Griffiths, J. G., Gutierrez, A. G., Hemmings, F. A., Hickler, T., Hitchcock, T. D., Keighery, M., Kleyer, M., Kurokawa, H., Leishman, M. R., Liu, K., Niinemets, Ü., Onipchenko, V., Onoda, Y., Penuelas, J., Pillar, V. D., Reich, P. B., Shiodera, S., Siefert, A., Sosinski, E. E., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Swaine, E. K., Swenson, N. G., van Bodegom, P. M., Warman, L., Weiher, E., Wright, I. J., Zhang, H., Zobel, M., Bonser, S. P. (2014), Which is a better predictor of plant traits: temperature or precipitation?. Journal of Vegetation Science 25, 1167-1180.
Birnbaum, C., Bissett, A., Thrall, P. H. & Leishman, M. R. (2014) Invasive legumes encounter similar soil fungal communities in their non-native and native ranges in Australia. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 76, 210-217.
Beaumont, L. J., Gallagher, R. V., Leishman, M. R., Hughes, L., Downey, P. O. (2014), How can knowledge of the climate niche inform the weed risk assessment process? A case study of Chrysanthemoides monilifera in Australia. Diversity and Distributions 20, 613–625.
Manea, A., Leishman M.R., (2014) Leaf area index drives soil water availability and extreme drought-related mortality under elevated CO2 in a temperate grassland model system. PLoS ONE 9(3): e91046.
Zanne, A.E., Tank, D.C., Cornwell, W.K., Eastman, J.M., Smith, S.A., FitzJohn, R.G., McGlinn, D.J., Moles, A.T., O'Meara, B.C., Royer, D.L., Wright, I.J., Aarssen, L., Bertin, R.I., Govaerts, R., Hemmings, F., Leishman, M.R., Oleksyn, J., Reich, P.B., Sargent, R., Soltis, D.E., Soltis, P.S., Stevens, P.F., Swenson, N.G., Warman, L., Westoby, M., Beaulieu, J.M. (2014) Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments. Nature 506, 89-92.
Harris, C.J., Dormontt, E.E., Le Roux, J.J., Lowe, A., & Leishman, M.R. (2012) No consistent association between changes in genetic diversity and adaptive responses of Australian acacias in novel ranges. Evolutionary Ecology 26, 1345-1360.
Gallagher, R. V. and Leishman, M. R. (2012), Contrasting patterns of trait-based community assembly in lianas and trees from temperate Australia. Oikos 121, 2026–2035.
Birnbaum, C., Barrett, L. G., Thrall, P. H. & Leishman, M. R. (2012) Mutualisms are not constraining cross-continental invasion success of Acacia species within Australia. Diversity and Distributions 18, 962–976.
Cuneo, P. & Leishman, M.R. (2012) Ecological impacts of invasive African Olive (Olea europaea ssp cuspidata) in Cumberland Plain Woodland, Sydney, Australia. Austral Ecology 38, 103-110.
Cooke, J. & Leishman, M.R. (2012) Trade-offs between foliar silicon and carbon-based defences: evidence from vegetation communities of contrasting soil types. Oikos 121, 2052-2060.
Cooke, J. & Leishman, M.R. (2011) Silicon and leaf longevity: is silicon a player in the leaf dry mass spectrum? Functional Ecology 25, 1181–1188.
Kattge, J. et al. (2011) TRY – a global database of plant traits. Global Change Biology 17, 2905-2935.
Cooke, J., Leishman, M.R. (2011) Is plant ecology more siliceous than we realise? Trends in Plant Sciences 16, 61-68.
Manea, A., Leishman, M.R., Downey, P.O. (2011) Exotic C4 grasses have increased tolerance to glyphosate under elevated carbon dioxide. Weed Science 59, 28-36.
Manea, A. & Leishman, M.R. (2011) Competitive interactions between native and invasive exotic plant species are altered under elevated carbon dioxide. Oecologia 165, 735–744.
Cuneo, P., Offord, C.A. & Leishman, M.R. (2010) Seed ecology of the invasive woody plant African Olive (Olea europaeasubsp. cuspidata): implications for management and restoration. Australian Journal of Botany 58, 342-348.
Gallagher, R.V., Hughes, L., Leishman, M.R. & Wilson, P.O. (2010) Predicted impact of exotic vines on an endangered ecological community under future climate change. Biological Invasions 12, 4049-4063.
Gallagher, R.V., Beaumont, L.J., Hughes, L. & Leishman, M.R. (2010) Evidence for climatic niche and biome shifts between native and novel ranges in plant species introduced to Australia. Journal of Ecology 98, 790-799.
Phillips, M.L., Murray, B.R., Leishman, M.R. & Ingram R. (2010) The naturalization to invasion transition: are there introduction-history correlates of invasiveness in exotic plants of Australia? Austral Ecology 35, 695-703.
Leishman, M.R., Thomson, V.P., and Cooke, J. (2010) Native and exotic invasive plants have fundamentally similar carbon capture strategies. Journal of Ecology 98, 28-42.
Moles, A.T., Warton, D.I., Warman, L., Swenson, N., Laffan, S.W., Zanne, A.E., Pitman, A., Hemmings, F.A., Leishman, M.R. (2009) Global patterns in plant height. Journal of Ecology 97, 923-932.
Beaumont LJ, Gallagher RV, Downey PO, Thuiller W, Leishman M.R., Hughes L (2009) Modelling the impact of Hieraciumspecies on protected areas in Australia under future climate. Ecography 32, 757-764.
Cuneo P, Jacobson C & Leishman, M.R. (2009) Landscape scale detection and mapping of invasive African Olive (Olea europaea L.subsp. cuspidata (Wall ex G.Don Ciferri) by remote sensing in SW Sydney, Australia. Applied Vegetation Science 12,145-154.
Kyle, G. and Leishman, M.R. (2009) Functional trait differences between extant exotic, native and extinct native plants in the Hunter River, NSW: a potential tool in riparian rehabilitation. River Research & Applications 25, 892-903.
Gallagher, R.J., Hughes, L. & Leishman, M.R. (2009) Phenological trends among Australian alpine species: using herbarium records to identify indicator species. Australian Journal of Botany 57, 1–9.
Leishman, M.R., Haslehurst, T., Ares, A. & Baruch, Z. (2007) Leaf trait relationships of native and invasive plants: community and global-scale comparisons. New Phytologist 176, 635-643.
Cuneo, P. & Leishman, M.R. (2006) African Olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. cuspidata (Wall ex G.Don) Ciferri as an environmental weed in eastern Australia: a review. Cunninghamia 9, 545-57.
Wright, I.J., Leishman, M.R., Read, C. & Westoby, M. (2006) Gradients of light availability and leaf traits with leaf age and canopy position in 28 Australian shrubs and trees. Functional Plant Biology 33, 407-19.
Murray, B.R. & Leishman, M.R. (2003). On the relationship between seed mass and species abundance in plant communities. Oikos 101, 643-645.
Gore, D.B., Snape, I. & Leishman, M.R. (2003). Sediment provenance, transport and deposition, Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica. Antarctic Science 15, 259-269.
Gore, D.B., Rhodes, E.J., Augustinus, P.C.G., Leishman, M.R., Colhoun, E.A., Rees-Jones, J. (2001). Bunger Hills, East Antarctica: ice free at the Last Glacial Maximum. Geology 29, 1103-1106.
Leishman, M.R. & Murray, B.R. (2001). The relationship between seed size and abundance in plant communities: model predictions and observed patterns. Oikos 94, 151-161.
Leishman, M.R. (2001). Does the seed size / number trade-off model determine plant community structure? An assessment of the model mechanisms and their generality. Oikos 93, 294-302.
Leishman, M.R. & Wild, C. (2001). Vegetation abundance and diversity in relation to soil nutrients and soil water content in Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica. Antarctic Science 13, 126-134.
Leishman, M.R., Masters, G.J., Clarke, I.P. & Brown, V.K. (2000). Seed bank dynamics: the role of fungal pathogens and climate change. Functional Ecology 14, 293-299.
Leishman, M.R., Sanbrooke, K., & Woodfin, R. (1999). The effect of elevated CO2 and light on growth and reproductive performance of four annual species. New Phytologist 144, 455-462.
Leishman, M.R. (1999). How well do plant attributes correlate with establishment ability? Evidence from a study of 16 calcareous grassland species. New Phytologist 141, 487-496.
Leishman, M.R. & Westoby, M. (1998). Seed size and shape are not related to persistence in soil in Australia in the same way as in Britain. Functional Ecology 12, 480-485.
Lord, J.M., Egan, J., Westoby, M., Clifford, H.T., Dunlop, C., Jurado, E.Y., Leishman, M.R. & Williams, R. (1997). Larger seeds in tropical floras: consistent patterns independent of growth form and dispersal mode. Journal of Biogeography 24, 205-211.
Augustinus, P.C., Gore, D.B., Leishman, M.R., Zwartz, D. &. Colhoun, E.A. (1997). Reconstruction of ice flow across the Bunger Hills, East Antarctica. Antarctic Science 9, 347-354.
Westoby, M., Leishman, M.R. & Lord, J.R. (1996). Comparative ecology of seed size and dispersal. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 351, 1309-1318.
Leishman, M.R., Westoby, M. & Jurado, E. (1995). Correlates of seed size variation: a comparison among five temperate floras. Journal of Ecology 83, 517-530.
Westoby, M., Leishman, M.R. & Lord, J.R. (1995). On misinterpreting the "phylogenetic correction". Journal of Ecology 83, 531-534.
Westoby, M., Leishman, M.R. & Lord, J.R. (1995). Further remarks on phylogenetic correction. Journal of Ecology 83, 727-729.
Westoby, M., Leishman, M.R. & Lord, J.R. (1995). Issues of interpretation after relating comparative datasets to phylogeny. Journal of Ecology 83, 892-893.
Lord, J., Westoby, M. & Leishman, M.R. (1995). Seed size and phylogeny in six temperate floras: constraints, niche-conservatism and adaptation. American Naturalist 146, 349-364.
Leishman, M.R. & Westoby, M. (1994). Hypotheses on seed size: tests using the semiarid flora of western New South Wales, Australia. American Naturalist 143, 890-906.
Leishman, M.R. & Westoby, M. (1994). The role of large seed size in shaded conditions: experimental evidence.Functional Ecology 8, 205-214.
Leishman, M.R. & Westoby, M. (1994). The role of large seeds in seedling establishment in dry soil conditions – experimental evidence from semi-arid species. Journal of Ecology 82, 249-258.
Hughes, L., Dunlop, M., French, K., Leishman, M.R., Rice, B., Rodgerson, L. & Westoby, M. (1994). Predicting dispersal spectra: a minimal set of hypotheses based on plant attributes. Journal of Ecology 82, 933-950.
Oakwood, M., Jurado, E., Leishman, M.R. & Westoby, M. (1993). Geographic ranges of plant species in relation to dispersal morphology, growth form and diaspore weight. Journal of Biogeography 20, 563-572.
Westoby, M., Jurado, E. & Leishman, M.R. (1992). Comparative evolutionary ecology of seed size. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7, 368-372.
Leishman, M.R., Hughes, L., French, K., Armstrong, D. & Westoby, M. (1992). Seed and seedling biology in relation to modelling vegetation dynamics under global climate change. Australian Journal of Botany 40, 599-613.
Leishman, M.R. & Westoby, M. (1992). Classifying plants into groups on the basis of associations of individual traits – evidence from Australian semi-arid woodlands. Journal of Ecology 80, 417-424.
Leishman, M.R. (1990). Suburban development and resultant changes in the phosphorus status of soils in the area of Ku-ring-gai, Sydney. Proceedings of the Linnean Society NSW 112, 15-25.
Leishman, M.R. & Eldridge, M.D.B. (1990). Life history characteristics of two sympatric Onychophoran species from the Blue Mountains, New South Wales. Proceedings of the Linnean Society NSW 112, 173-185.
Pouliquen, O., Leishman, M.R. & Redhead, T.D. (1990). Effects of radio collars on wild mice Mus domesticus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, 1607-1609.
ecosystems?, in Vietz, G; Rutherfurd, I.D, and Hughes, R. (editors), Proceedings of the 7th Australian Stream Management Conference. Townsville, Queensland, Pages 268-273.
Downey, P.O., Lenz, T.I., Sea, W.B., Higgisson, W., Lavier, G., Waryszak, P. and Leishman, M.R. (2012). Does the tolerance of weeds to herbicide change with elevated levels of CO2? In: 18th Australasian Weeds Conference, Melbourne, 8-11 October 2012:273-274. Victorian Weeds Society, Melbourne.
Wilson, PD, Downey, PO, Leishman, M.R., Gallagher, R, Hughes, L & O'Donnell, J (2009) Weeds in a warmer world: predicting the impact of climate change on Australia's alien plant species using MaxEnt. Plant Protection Quarterly 24: 84-87.
Gallagher, R, Beaumont, L., Downey, P.O., Hughes, L., and Leishman, M.R. (2008) Projecting the impact of climate change on bitou bush and boneseed distributions in Australia. National Bitou Bush and Boneseed Forum Proceedings, published in Plant Protection Quarterly 23 (1), 37.
Gallagher RV, Beaumont LJ, Downey PO, Hughes L & Leishman M.R . (2008) Predicting the potential for hawkweed range expansion in Australia: climate change projections for 2030. 16th Annual Australian Weeds Conference – Cairns, Queensland, May 2008.
Downey, PO., Gallagher, RV., Beaumont, L., Leishman, M.R. & Hughes, L. (2007) Weeds and climate change: what do we know and where to from here. Proceedings of the14th NSW Weeds Conference, University of Wollongong 25-27 September 2007.
Gallagher, R, Beaumont, L., Downey, P.O., Hughes, L., and Leishman, M.R. (2006). Assessing the potential impacts of climate change on weeds in New South Wales: establishing priorities. Proceedings of the 15th Australian Weeds Conference, Adelaide.
Hughes L, Downey P, Englert Duursma D, Gallagher R, Johnson S, Leishman M, Roger E, Smith P, Steel J (2012) Prioritising naturalised plant species for threat assessment: developing a decision tool for managers. National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility, Gold Coast, pp. 69.
Leishman, M.R. (2010) Human impacts on natural vegetation. In 'Field Guide to the Bushland of the Lane Cove Valley' (ed. John Martyn), pp 88-91. STEP Inc., Turramurra.
Wilson, P.D., Downey, P.O., Gallagher, R.V., O'Donnell, J., Leishman, M.R. and Hughes, L. (2011) Modelling climate suitability for exotic plants in Australia under future climate. Final Report on the potential impact of climate change on the distribution of national priority weeds in Australia. Macquarie University and New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage, Sydney, Australia.
Keating, D., Spink, A., Brooks, A., Sanders, M., Miller, C., Schmidt, T., Kyle, T., Fryirs, K., Leishman, M.R. (2008) The UHRRI Rehabilitation and Research Report 2003-2007. Macquarie Lighthouse Press.


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So, I wrote a little something that shows a mini-preview of what a link points to when you hover over it. I call it… MiniPreview.
See the Pen Mini-Preview Links by Will Boyd (@lonekorean) on CodePen.
It's open source, so feel free to grab it from the MiniPreview GitHub repo and do what you will.


text:
Q: Which controller for external SAS tape drive We're about to buy an external LTO-4 tape drive for our HP DL380g6 server, and since SCSI is on the way out, we'll buy a SAS drive, probably the HP StoreEver LTO-4 Ultrium 1760 SAS External Tape Drive (but feel free to recommend something else).
Now we haven't got any SAS ports available, so also need to buy a controller card. Would the following controllers work (listed from cheap to expensive)? Are these cards reliable? Or would you recommend other cards?
Lycom PE-123e
HP Smart Array P212/Z
HP SC44Ge Host Bus Adapter
HP SC08Ge Host Bus Adapter

If the only thing it has to control is a single external tape drive is there any reason to go for more expensive models?
Which cable do I need?

A: You have a couple of options.

*

*Buy the tape drive bundled with a SAS controller.

*Buy the purpose-built SC44Ge SAS controller for your server.

Don't buy anything else. I don't even know what a Lycom is :)
The tape drive will come with the right CX4 -> SAS SFF-8088 cable or SAS SFF-8484 -> SFF-8088 cable needed for use.