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Organization Profile:
Institute for Public Accuracy (IPA)
Sam Husseini, (202) 347-0020; or David Zupan, (541) 484-9167
* Re-Purposing Military * Stop Arming Syria Rebels * Admitting Israel Nukes
MIRIAM PEMBERTON, miriam at ips-dc.org
A research fellow at the Institute for Policy Studies, Pemberton just co-wrote the piece "Beating Swords Into Solar Panels: Re-Purposing America's War Machine."
DAVID SWANSON, davidcnswanson at gmail.com, @davidcnswanson
Swanson is with RootsAction.org, which recently launched a petition, now at over 22,000 signatories: "We helped prevent U.S. missile strikes on Syria. Public pressure made Congress turn against an attack, opening the door to diplomacy. Now let's stop the flow of 'lethal aid' to Syria. 'The CIA has begun delivering weapons to rebels in Syria,' the Washington Post reported. Those shipments have combined with 'separate deliveries by the State Department of vehicles and other gear — a flow of material that marks a major escalation of the U.S. role in Syria's civil war.'" See: StopWeaponsToSyria.org.
A recent CNN/ORC poll found what when asked "In the conflict in Syria, do you think that the United States should take the side of the Syrian government, or take the side of the Syrian rebels, or not take either side?" a full 85 percent of Americans responded "neither side." Swanson is author of the new book War No More: The Case for Abolition.
STEPHEN ZUNES, zunes at usfca.edu, @SZunes
Last night, in an interview aired on Fox News Channel, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad referred to a Syrian proposal in 2003 to make the Mideast a weapons of mass destruction-free zone. See report on CNN from 2003: "Syria Proposes Mideast Free of WMD."
Never Miss a Beat.
Professor of politics and chair of Middle Eastern Studies at the University of San Francisco, Zunes recently wrote "The U.S. Has No Credibility Dealing With Chemical Weapons," which states: "UN Security Council Resolution 687, the resolution passed at the end of the 1991 Gulf War demanding the destruction of Iraq's chemical weapons arsenal, also called on member states 'to work towards the establishment in the Middle East of a zone free of such weapons.' Syria has joined virtually all other Arab states in calling for such a 'weapons of mass destruction-free zone' for the entire Middle East. In December 2003, Syria introduced a UN Security Council resolution reiterating this clause from 12 years earlier, but the resolution was tabled as a result of a threatened U.S. veto."
Victor Gilinsky, a former member of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and Henry D. Sokolski, a former deputy for nonproliferation policy in the defense department just wrote the New York Times op-ed "Let's Be Honest About Israel's Nukes" which states: "This witches' brew [WMDs in the Mideast] was supposed to become the subject of an international conference, mandated in 2010 by the unanimous vote of the members of the nonproliferation treaty, including the United States. But that conference hasn't happened, in part because of White House ambivalence about how it might affect Israel.
"In April, the American assistant secretary of state for international security and nonproliferation, Thomas M. Countryman, expressed hope that the conference would be held by this fall. And earlier this month, Russia's foreign minister, Sergey V. Lavrov, urged all parties to set a conference date 'as quickly as possible.' He also argued that it should include Israel and Iran. Russia attempted to include the conference in last week's agreement, but Secretary of State John Kerry resisted. It is not going to go away.
"If Washington wants negotiations over weapons of mass destruction in the Middle East to work — or even just to avoid making America appear ridiculous — Mr. Obama should begin by being candid. He cannot expect the countries participating in a conference to take America seriously if the White House continues to pretend that we don't know whether Israel has nuclear weapons, or for that matter whether Egypt and Israel have chemical or biological ones."
A nationwide consortium, the Institute for Public Accuracy (IPA) represents an unprecedented effort to bring other voices to the mass-media table often dominated by a few major think tanks. IPA works to broaden public discourse in mainstream media, while building communication with alternative media outlets and grassroots activists.
IPA (Press Center)
Iran, Syria, Israel, Egypt, Russia, Bashar al-Assad


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Harvard Semitic Museum Publications E-Book Collection
Publications E-Book Collection
This is an online collection of all published volumes from the Harvard Semitic Studies, Harvard Semitic Monographs, and Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Levant series. Including volumes from the early 20th century through the present, the collection includes over 100 volumes that have never appeared in digital format. The entire collection will be full-text searchable. Buy now at Brill
The Material Culture of the Northern Sea Peoples in Israel
Stern E. The Material Culture of the Northern Sea Peoples in Israel.; 2013.
This monograph is the product of Stern's two decades of excavation at Tel Dor on the Carmel Coast, a city that Egyptian sources indicate was ruled in the eleventh century BCE by a Sikil king. Near the end of the period during which he directed excavations there, Stern began to notice the unique material culture of the Northern Sea Peoples and connected this material with discoveries in adjacent regions and in the north of Israel. A related survey of the 'Akko Valley conducted by Avner Raban resulted in a further accumulation of data that supported the conclusion that the Sea Peoples that Egyptian sources indicated had settled in this region had in fact left behind evidence of their presence. This realization preceded the appearance of additional information—both material culture and inscriptions—that reflected the presence of Northern Sea Peoples throughout portions of northern Syria and southern Anatolia.
Two main principles guide Stern's study. (1) Historical sources provide the best evidence for contemporary events—in this case, specifically, the evidence concerns the Sikils and Sherden, as well as biblical sources that refer to Northern Sea Peoples as "Philistines" and that recount their wars with Israel in the north of the land, in the Jezreel Valley, and in Gilboa. (2) Ethnic archaeology is a genuine concept: every people that settles in any area naturally leaves marks of its own culture. The conclusion that is traced here, then, is that the culture of the Northern Sea Peoples, though difficult to identify, nonetheless did leave clear evidence that becomes apparent when the relevant strata at sites along the coast from the Yarkon and farther north and in the 'Akko and Jezreel Valleys are examined.
In this volume Stern presents the most complete picture that can be drawn from the evidence uncovered in the past few decades. Lavish illustrations accompany the discussion.
The Material Culture of the Northern Sea Peoples in Israel (SAHL 5)
See also: Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Levant - SAHL
Select an itemFinal Reports of The Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon - ASHK (5)Harvard Semitic Monographs - HSM (32)Harvard Semitic Studies - HSS (41)Studies in the Archaeology and History of the Levant - SAHL (7)Tel Miqne-Ekron Final Field Reports (EFFRS) (4)
Tel Miqne-Ekron Excavations, 1985–1988, 1990, 1992–1995: Field IV Lower—The Elite Zone, Part 1: The Iron Age I Early Philistine City
Tel Miqne-Ekron Excavations, 1985–1988, 1990, 1992–1995: Field IV Lower—The Elite Zone, Part 3B: The Iron Age I and IIC Early and Late Philistine Cities Plans and Sections
Tel Miqne-Ekron Excavations, 1985–1988, 1990, 1992–1995: Field IV Lower—The Elite Zone, Part 9/3A: The Iron Age I and IIC Early and Late Philistine Cities Database
Sea Peoples of the Northern Levant: Aegean-Style Pottery from Early Iron Age Tell Tayinat
Excavations at the Early Bronze IV Sites of Jebel Qa'aqir and Be'er Resisim

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Controller at Minnesota golf club made a lot more money from her job than she was supposed to
By Ryan Herrington
These days when you see a tweet about the Secret Service and golf, you naturally assume there's something going on with President Trump at one of his toney courses. So we were pleasantly surprised to see this post had nothing to do with the Commander in Chief, but just a good old-fashioned embezzlement accusation.
The link leads to a press release from Wednesday announcing the indictment of Julie Ann Lee. According to the release, the 53-year-old had been working as controller at Town & Country Club in St. Paul, Minn, from 2008 to 2016. Town & Country Club dates back to 1888 and is referred to by some as the first "country club" in Minnesota. The course hosted the 1951 U.S. Women's Amateur and was the scheduled site of the 1940 Walker Cup before it was postponed due to World War II.
According to the indictment, Lee was responsible for managing TCC's finances and used her position to embezzle more than $1 million from the club over eight years. She has been charged on four counts of wire fraud and six counts of filing false tax returns.
The release goes on to offer details of a rather elaborate "scheme" that Lee allegedly undertook. Lee is reported to have issued herself more than 50 checks totaling more than $150,000 directly from the club's bank account (in her job she reportedly had the authority to sign and issue checks on behalf of TCC). Lee is also reported to have taken roughly $250,000 in cash from the club and money from the club's bank accounts to pay approximately $600,000 in personal credit cards.
The indictment accuses Lee of trying to conceal the missing money by taking advances on the club's line of credit at a local bank. Lee's actions at one point left the club without enough money in its account to make a quarterly payroll tax payment to the IRS. Her actions also reportedly cost the club more than $300,000 in interest and penalties with the IRS.
Lee is alleged to have used the money, according to the release, "on things unrelated to TCC, including personal travel, home improvements and her mortgage, a 2013 Dodge Charger, a 2015 GMC Sierra K3500 pickup truck, a motorcycle, a recreational vehicle, and 81 acres of land in northern Minnesota."
The Loop could not reach Lee for comment. Reached by the St. Paul Pioneer Press, Lee said she had no comment.
WATCH: GOLF DIGEST VIDEOS


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American Roundtable
An Architectural League initiative offering on-the-ground perspectives on the condition of small to mid-size American communities.
How can we see with fresh eyes the condition—the successes, failures, and opportunities—of the American landscape? How can we more deeply understand the relationship of individuals and communities to their environments, and the constraining and empowering impacts that the built environment has on daily life, and the trajectories of lives?
These are the questions asked by American Roundtable, an initiative of The Architectural League that brings together on-the-ground perspectives on the condition of American small to mid-sized communities and what they need to thrive going forward.
Reports—published digitally on archleague.org and in a set of forthcoming printed booklets—along with a robust series of public programs will explore nine communities or regions and consider topics and issues central to their health and vitality. The communities and their editorial teams were selected through an open, national call for proposals in early 2020. They are:
Africatown, Alabama
Along the Lumbee River, North Carolina
Appalachia, West Virginia
Cheyenne River Reservation, South Dakota
Lower Rio Grande valley region, New Mexico
River Valley, Maine
South Beach, Washington, and
Youngstown-Warren-Lordstown, Ohio.
By providing platforms for individuals, groups, and organizations too often overlooked or ignored in the past, and by asking how design and an understanding of the built environment can empower communities, American Roundtable hopes to find new ways for Americans to imagine a future more dynamic, just, equitable, sustainable, and beautiful.
American Roundtable is supported, in part, by the National Endowment for the Arts. Additional support has been provided by the Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts.
The project is also supported by the J. Clawson Mills Fund of The Architectural League.
Foreword to American Roundtable
Project acknowledgments from League Executive Director Rosalie Genevro.
An Introduction to American Roundtable
Project Director Nicholas S. Anderson contemplates our American places and describes the hopes and goals for this project.
Understanding the Past/Documenting the Present/Imagining the Future
American Roundtable: Appalachia Rising, West Virginia
To promote comparison and synthesis across the reports, American Roundtable is organized around five broad themes: Public Space, Health, Work and Economy, Infrastructure, and Environment.
In the weeks to come, as additional reports are published, we invite you to explore these themes and the ways they operate in the built environment of American communities. Check back on January 26, when the next two reports are released and this feature becomes available.
Call for Proposals: American Roundtable
American Roundtable Steering Committee: Mario Gooden, Paul Lewis, and Lyn Rice
American Roundtable Selection Committee: Nicholas Anderson, David Dowell, Anne Marie Duvall Decker, Rosalie Genevro, Mario Gooden, Paul Lewis, Jonathan Massey, Sue Mobley, Erin Moore, and Jason Schupbach
Project Director: Nicholas Anderson
Executive Director: Rosalie Genevro
Digital Editor and Copyeditor: Sarah Wesseler
Project team: League staff members Nanase Shirokawa and Anne Carlisle and former staff member Katie Rotman
Website design: Jameson Proctor with Nathan Brouillet, Allison Connell, Lorraine Kim, and Britton Walker (Athletics)
Logo and identity design: Britt Cobb and Michael Bierut (Pentagram)
Project typeface: Papanekst by Dinamo
Print publication advisor: Kris Graves (Kris Graves Projects)


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EAUC Future Business Council
Ground-breaking EAUC Future Business Council starts to bridge graduate skills gap
Executives from leading businesses, universities and colleges now meet regularly as a pioneering Council to tackle the worsening issue of the graduate skills gap.
Members of the Council include Marks and Spencer, HSBC, Prudential, Unilever, PwC, National Grid, BP, SSE & Universities of Glasgow, Cork, Harvard, Southampton, Manchester and Nottingham Trent. Full list of Council members below.
An understanding of sustainable development was identified as one of the biggest skills missing from the average graduate. Often associated with only environmental practices, sustainable development is actually an incredibly broad term that is generally accepted to mean 'development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs'. To give focus to the concept, sustainable development works to balance three priorities: economic, social and environmental concerns.
It is an integral skill for most graduate positions at global companies and education is widely accepted as key to bringing about this ability to balance, with tertiary education playing a particularly strong role. The EAUC Future Business Council aims to bridge the skills gap at its roots by suggesting practical action to ensure students of all disciplines understand the need for balance and can use this understanding to handle complex problems with interdisciplinary perspectives.
Mike Barry, Director of Plan A at Marks and Spencer, said: "We must create a society, and economy that serves it, that works for all. That means radical changes to how we run business. This will require a new cohort of leaders and a wealth of sustainable innovation to spring from the higher education sector. We believe that EAUC Future Business Council (FBC) can align the considerable hard work being done in individual higher education establishments and companies to ensure that our activity is 'more than the sum of its parts' and we can together accelerate the shift to a sustainable future."
Professor Janet Haddock-Fraser, Chair in Sustainability and Leadership at Manchester Metropolitan University's Faculty of Business and Law, said: "As leaders and educators of today, we have a responsibility to ensure our future leaders, educators and consumers understand the interplay of society, economy and environment to ensure sustainable futures for all. Creating the EAUC Future Business Council (FBC) has brought together businesses and universities to work in an action-orientated collaboration to seek solutions to enable this. There is substantial good practice and exciting innovation in individual universities and businesses which are great building blocks towards sustainability. The EAUC FBC will be the cement that holds them together."
FBC latest:
3 September 2018:
Business Members of the Future Business Council met and agreed there was a good opportunity for EAUC Future Business group to act as a bridge between universities and business on sustainability research and insights. Sharing relevant research and white papers in a plain English, accessible way.
To this end we will test a simple newsletter containing plain English summaries of relevant research which we'll share with EAUC FB members in October.
The meeting noted that the primary interest of the business members of the FBC is in the graduates available for them to recruit. The hard and soft graduate skill needs of future oriented industry need to be more clearly and consistently stated. So a principle objective of the FBC is to create an aligned 'one voice' from the corporate sector which will be more audible to university leadership. Decision was made to revisit and update the FBC draft paper on Graduate Attributes. This needs to relate to general graduates/recruits and not specialist environmental ones. Recognition that we need HR Depts involved.
30 May 2018:
As a high level interface between sector and employer senior executives, the EAUC– led Council met in May to review its initial two lines of enquiry. 1. Graduate attributes – developing a common understanding of what these need to be so that employers and universities are aligned in their inclusion of what is needed for 'graduateness' and sustainability, and 2. Governance and board membership - building a greater understanding of how universities operate, and seeking means by which new Board members with sustainability credentials from businesses can be appointed onto Boards.
For details of the first FBC meeting, click here.
FBC Business members:
FBC Education members:
Borders College


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Quincy Jones on the new Michael Jackson record: "They're trying to make money"
In a CBC radio interview with Jian Ghomeshi, Thriller producer Quincy Jones said he thinks that L.A. Reid, producer of the newest posthumous Michael Jackson record Xscape, is just "trying to make money."
"I understand that. Everybody's after money. The estate, the lawyers. It's about money," Jones goes on to say.
In the two-part interview set to air Friday, Jones also talks about his relationship with Jackson.
"What am I gonna learn from Michael? I don't want to be a singer and a dancer." Jones said. "We told him what songs he was going to sing. A producer has to do that."
It's refreshing to hear that from one of the greats, and I think it's a tenet that should be followed more closely in the modern era. I've always blamed so many of the sophomore and junior slumps on a producer's unwillingness to say no and give honest critiques to young acts that have suddenly had the word "genius" applied to them.
Listen to Quincy, everybody. He made Thriller.
Hear the full interview:
Tags: la reid, michael jackson, quincy jones, xscape
May 21, 2014 by seamus
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Is In-N-Out Opening A Location In The Mission District?
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Coachella 2015 Lineup Revealed – AC/DC, Drake, and Jack White to Headline
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Make huge profit margins while offering your customer the latest in eyewear and accessories. We offer today's latest trends of the top selling sunglass companies. Ask about the huge profit margins available.


Red Maple will surely make you feel like a Canadian for a day!
Its a newly opened Canadian Restaurant at Ortigas.
Yes, its our cheat day that time and we ordered a bunch of food here. #NORAGRETS Haha!
For appetizers, we had the Cheese Fest (Deep fried mozzarella balls with a cheese and marinara dip).
We also tried the Poutine (A dish that is originated from Canada).
Its a bowl of thick fries covered with their house beer gravy and mozzarella cheese!
It tastes so good I almost finished the whole bowl. Hehe.
And lastly, the Crispy Pork Wraps.
This is one of their best sellers, if you want something crispy and unique this is the perfect appetizer for you!
For the main dish, we had the Smoked Beef and Smoky Pork.
The meat was tender and it was well cooked!
For our drinks, we tried their Deconstructed Root Beer.
We had fun making our root beers!
This is definitely a nice restaurant to chill and dine in with your friends.
Their price for each dish ranges from 150 and above. All of our tummies were happy after eating!


Cowtown Pizza makes a personal promise to deliver quality Italian cuisine to its patrons, even going as far as to comparing its pizza and strombolis to an art form. Although this pizza joint has limited seating and a delivery-style storefront, there is nothing limited about the variety of menu choices that will please both meat and vegetarian lovers. It wasn't easy, but we chose the Personal-Size Everything Stromboli ($6.97) as our favorite because the mix of pepperoni, Italian sausage, fresh mushrooms and provolone cheese all rolled up in a garlic butter and herb crust was incomparable.


Trump, Jobs, and the Economy - What's Next?
He said 'stupid' because of glaring obviousness of how vital the economy is in everyday life. Dividing the gap between all socioeconomic backgrounds are jobs.
But how does the economy look now? And how is the economy expected to grow with upcoming policies of President-elect Donald Trump?
The recently released Bureau of Labor Statistics report on November stated that the unemployment rate declined 0.3 percentage points to 4.3%. The business services, health care, and construction industries all saw upward movement with 63,000, 28,000, and 19,000 jobs added in November respectively.
While great news for most of Americans, there are cracks in the armor which allow for a cause for concern. Manufacturing has continued the very long trend of slow and steady decline, much like a beachside cliff facing erosion. Most notably, however, there was an increase in marginally attached persons* (approx. 215,000), thus slightly skewing the true meaning of the unemployment rate.
So while there are reasons to be concerned, overall the U.S. economy and job market are healthy and continue to see an upward trend. President-elect Trump has claimed to want to add 25 million more jobs within the next decade. What are his proposals and what is the most likely effect of those policy initiatives once they are separated from the jargon of the campaign?
Instinctively, we know that reducing taxes correlates with economic growth. This is because income that is otherwise collected by the government is instead spent into the economy, whether that is personal spending (i.e. buying bread) or corporate spending (i.e. hiring a baker). The Trump camp has argued that a tax cut across the board will encourage job growth, while other independent organizations argue that the GDP growth will be insignificant compared to the U.S. debt increase.
Tariffs, taxes on foreign goods sold domestically, are something that Trump has constantly threatened to impose on countries that don't adhere to fair trade practices. In theory, a tariff on a product entering the U.S. would increase domestic jobs. This is made true because of the increased selling price of the foreign good, allowing for less competition for domestic producers in the U.S.. The threat of a tariff would, also theoretically, discourage unfair trade policies in other countries.
An unfortunate truth about tariffs is that they aren't in a vacuum; other countries almost always retaliate with a tariff of equal measure. This would hurt our domestic job market by reducing our exports (U.S. goods sold to other countries).
No doubt, the deal to provide Carrier with a subsidy in order to keep approx. 1,000 jobs in Indiana was a savvy political move. The impact is easily felt and understood. The consequence of the deal, however, is more clouded as we look to the future. Subsidies from the state of Indiana incentivized United Technologies (Carrier Corporation's parent company) to keep the jobs in the U.S. that would have otherwise left for Mexico. The question that everyone is asking is: Is this a new precedent for retaining jobs? Subsidies are given usually as incentives to move across state lines but they have not been used to discourage companies moving abroad. Is it possible to operate this way from a logistical or debt standpoint? Time will tell.
The economy is a tricky beast to understand because of how everything is connected. The President-elect will be able to influence a wide variety of variables that go into making the economy run and spur job growth. There are also factors that are not under the President's control. The strength of the dollar (it's very strong), the Federal Reserve rate (it's going to increase), environmental influences (think droughts or heatwaves), and technological advances all influence how many jobs are created/lost.
This is all assuming the recent Time's Person of the Year can get his plans through Congress, the entity that controls the purse strings.
But with the unprecedented election of Donald Trump, a person that has always been in the private sector, and the new way he is already approaching jobs, it's going to be a wild ride. Buckle up.


text:
Leah Silverman
Leah is the Assistant Editor for All That's Interesting. Her work has appeared in Town & Country, Women's Health, Esquire, and Publishers Weekly.
Earth's Animals Will Shrink By 25% This Century Due To Humans' Destruction Of The Planet
As humans take up more land for themselves, small animals are expected to survive while larger ones are at greater risk of extinction.
Pemulwuy: The 'Troublesome Savage' Who Led The Aborigines Against Australia's Colonizers
Pemulwuy so successfully evaded death at the hands of the colonizers he resisted that his people came to believe he was actually impervious to lead.
Inside The Baffling, Unsolved Case Of The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum Heist
The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum heist remains the largest private property theft in American history — and its last surviving link has just slipped through the authorities' fingers.
Alice Roosevelt Longworth: The Original White House Wild Child
Alice Roosevelt Longworth was just as strong-willed and outspoken as her father Theodore Roosevelt, who admitted even he could not control her.
Stonehenge Design May Have Been Brought Over By Prehistoric Sailors From Northwestern France
There are actually thousands of sites like Stonehenge across Europe. And one of them may have just unlocked the mysteries of the iconic megalith's origins.
Russian Island Invaded By Packs Of Desperate Polar Bears
The remote island region of Novaya Zemlya has issued a state of emergency as packs of polar bears descend on their community.
Nine-Year-Old Trips Over Rock That Turns Out To Be Fossil Of Human "Missing Link"
It is believed that the 2 million-year-old skeleton fills the gap between our apelike ancestors and those early humans who used tools.
English Marathoner Mark Fellows Revealed To Be A Hitman Based On His GPS Watch History
A four-year streak of gang violence in northwestern England has ended as hitman Mark Fellows was brought to justice via his Garmin Forerunner.
Military Horse Prepped To Rescue Victims Of Pompeii Found In Its Stable
The horse was found in full saddle suggesting that it was being prepped to rescue those fleeing the volcanic eruption.
DNA Of An Extinct Wolf Found In A Pack Of Wild Dogs In Texas
Conservationists and biologists alike are optimistic that these findings could repopulation what was once thought to be a lost species.
Horned Sex Offender Arturo Martinez Arrested Trying To Lure A Minor Into His Home
Arturo Martinez was arrested by San Bernardino County police for posing as a woman online and soliciting sexual services from a minor.
Milwaukee Mother Amelia Di Stasio Tied Up Son With Autism And Set Him On Fire
Gabe Paoletti
A witness who lived in the same apartment building as Amelia Di Stasio said that she "wasn't friendly and kept to herself."
Florida Teacher Diane Tirado Was Fired For Giving Zeros To Students That Failed To Hand In Their Work
Bernadette Deron
"It's absurd to give someone something for nothing and to do that is creating a future that is pretty darn bleak."
Opioid Addiction Is So Pervasive That U.S. Hospitals Need 'Baby Cuddlers' To Help Newborns In Withdrawal
Marco Margaritoff
As America's opioid crisis affects millions, babies nationwide are born with harrowing inherited-withdrawals from their addicted mothers.
25 Medical Oddities On Display At The Mütter Museum
The collection of Dr. Thomas Mütter begat this funhouse of morbid curiosity, and currently houses over 20,000 specimens of medical abnormalities.
The New Biggest Dinosaur Ever Has Been Found And It's 10 Times Larger Than A T-Rex
Annie Garau
It's as big as 14 elephants, two semi-trucks, or 10 T-rex.
Timothy Treadwell Devoted His Life To Grizzly Bears — Until They Ate Him
Katie Serena
Timothy Treadwell spent his life living with grizzly bears and forming close relationships with them. He never imagined they would one day turn on him.


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Q: C# is printing float value of -0.0 wrong Console.WriteLine(" 0.0 float: 0x00000000, {0}", (float)0x00000000);
Console.WriteLine("-0.0 float: 0x80000000, {0}", (float)0x80000000);

C# prints 0.0 for the first one, and instead of -0.0 prints 2.147484E+09 which is not what I expected. According to this online IEEE-754 floating-point format converter 0x80000000 should be a -0.0, since floating-point format uses sign-magnitude format, which supports -0.0.
https://www.h-schmidt.net/FloatConverter/IEEE754.html
How do we get C# to print -0.0 for UInt32 bit pattern of 0x80000000?

A: When you do (float)0x80000000 you are taking an integer value (0x80000000 = 2.147484E+09) and casting it to float (the value is the same, but now it's a float). What you want is take the byte array and interpret it as float:
uint l = (uint)0x80000000;
float f = BitConverter.ToSingle(BitConverter.GetBytes(l), 0);
Console.WriteLine("-0.0 float: 0x80000000, {0}", f);

Output:
-0.0 float: 0x80000000, 0

A: What I'm after is converting the UInt32 pattern of 0x80000000 into the correct value of -0.0f and printing this value as -0.0 – DragonSpit
I have a bad news, apparently there's no way to get what you want:
By PETER SESTOFT:
 Some of the confusion over negative zero may stem from the
fact that the current implementations of C# print positive and negative zero in
the same way, as 0.0, and no combination of formatting parameters seems to affect
that display. Although this is probably done with the best of intentions, it is unfortunate. To reveal a negative zero, you must resort to strange-looking code like this, which
works because 1/(-0.0) = -Infinity < 0:
public static string DoubleToString(double d) {
 if (d == 0.0 && 1/d < 0)
 return "-0.0";
 else
 return d.ToString();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Three Kentucky Space Payloads Headed To Space Station
An unmanned Japanese Spacecraft will launch Saturday with three payloads from the Kentucky Space scientific association on board.
The payloads each contain a science experiment organized by a school or business. They are based on technology developed by Kentucky Space and the NanoRacks company.
The payloads will remain on the International Space Station for several months. Kentucky Space sent several experiments to the station last year, and several more are planned for this year. President Kris Kimel says each experiment benefits the commonwealth. "For us to have this kind of access to the International Space Station—which is quite rare—and to have regular flight opportunities to space station with this partnership with NanoRacks has opened up a whole new array of new research and commercial and education opportunities for Kentucky," he says.
"We are finding information out that, in some cases in the biomedical area, that we think has the potential to be game-changing for the further development of certain kinds of drugs and even medical procedures, perhaps on the issue of tissue regeneration or things of that nature."
The experiments launching tomorrow test, among other things, plant growth and microscopes. These and other experiments may lead to breakthroughs in life sciences.
Published January 21, 2011 By Gabe Bullard
Categorized as Local News Tagged International Space Station, Japan, Kentucky Space, nasa, Science, Technology
Kentucky Jobless Rate Edged Upward In December
Conway To Seek Second Term As AG


This report sets out a proposal to revoke structural weight limits of 7.5 tonne on two bridges in Irwell Vale and replace them with an 18 tonne environmental weight limit. The structural weight limits are no longer appropriate as the bridges have been strengthened. The 18 tonne weight limit is considered necessary to protect the private roads in Irwell Vale from unsuitable heavy vehicles but allow a reasonable level of access for deliveries to the area.
The proposals have been advertised in the local press and one objection has been received.
Contact: Chris Nolan Email: chris.nolan@lancashire.gov.uk Tel: 01772 531141.


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Q: Preloading images in a PHP session I am using sessions to keep track of user data. I have many pages that access the same set of images. Is there a way to preload the images into a session so that they are loaded for the rest of the session?
-Mike

A: Browsers automatically keep a copy of images once they have been loaded the first time so they don't have to be downloaded again.

A: When your script starts, you can run the following:
if (!isset($_SESSION['images']))
{
  $_SESSION['images'] = get_my_images();
}

Then, use $_SESSION['images'] whenever you need to access the set of images.

A: why do you want to keep image in the session?
you can serve resources like images with lighttpd or via CDN.
if you are talking about returning image links, you can cache the links with memcached etc.

A: On the first page after login/session establishment, just load all the images into a hidden div, at which point the browser will take care of cacheing them for you:

   ...

There'll be a hit on the server for that first page load, but after either nothing for the duration of the browser cache, or at most a '304' check-if-newer type request.


There are things that actually make America great, and a couple of them are Lady Gaga and Starbucks. Because honestly, where would we be without our mother monster? Or our 9 a.m. espresso? We are thankful for good, fierce women and coffee, and that's why we're so excited that Starbucks and Lady Gaga have teamed up for Cups of Kindess, a line of four bold and bright drinks that support Gaga's Born This Way foundation.
Starbucks will be selling the line starting on June 13th, so get ready, because you're going to want in on this ASAP.
Four colorful drinks are included in this line: the beloved Pink Drink and Ombré Pink Drink, as well as two new editions, the Matcha Lemonade and the Violet Drink.
Lady Gaga "instantly" fell in love with the Matcha Lemonade, according to Starbucks, and we don't blame her. The drink is made with matcha and lemonade shaken up and poured over ice. The Violet Drink is made with the Very Berry Hibiscus Refresher and coconut milk, and yes, it's purple.
Twenty-five cents from each drink sold will be donated to the Born This Way foundation, so you have an excuse to try all these flavors — no guilt involved.
The campaign only runs until June 19th, so if you want to support a great cause and drink some delicious drinks, head to your local Starbucks. And don't worry, the Matcha Lemonade and Violet Drink aren't going anywhere.


text:
Posts tagged "today in food history"
April 1 is Soylent Green Day: "For the people, by the people."
Interesting Food Facts about Soylent Green
Soylent Green, introduced 1966, is usually considered the original "green" food.
It was first marketed as a, "Miracle food of high-energy plankton gathered from the oceans of the world."
Throughout the years the company has adopted many slogans:
"Food for the people, by the people."
"Make room, make room for green."
"It's easy being green."
"You're in good hands with Soylent."
You can find many recipes for homemade Soylent Green, but there's nothing like the real thing.
It is said that Charlton Heston was this snack's #1 fan, keeping mass quantities in his home.
The Soylent Green Biscuit Co. is planning on world distribution by 2022.
The Soylent Green Biscuit Co's famous snack has been a cult classic since its inception in 1973. People everywhere were delighted to have this affordable snack that "tastes just like grandmas."
Charlton Heston says that, "When April 1st heralds the coming of Spring, I always think fondly of Soylent Green."
1582 France adopted the new Gregorian calendar. Prior to that, the new year was celebrated on April 1.
1755 Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin was born. In his books, dining is treated as an art form and contains many delightful and witty observations on the pleasures of the table.
1893 The first dishwashing machine became an award winning success at the 1893 Columbian Exposition, which used Josephine Garis Cochran's hand operated, mechanical dishwashers in its kitchens. (She patented her original version on December 28, 1886.) Her company eventually evolved into KitchenAid.
1911 Seaman Asahel Knapp died. An American agriculturist, he began the system which evolved into the U.S. Cooperative Extension Service.
1932 Actor Gordon Jump was born. The 'Maytag Repairman' in commercials, also Arthur Carlson on 'WKRP in Cincinnati'
1960 Tiros I, the first weather observation satellite was launched from Cape Kennedy.
1976 Jimmy Buffet's 'Margaritaville' was released.
1976 Carl Peter Henrik Dam died. Dam was a Danish biochemist who discovered vitamin K in 1939.
1994 Ray Geiger died (born Sept 18, 1910). Editor of theFarmers' Almanac from 1934-1993, and editor of American Farm & Home Almanac from 1964-1990.
1996 The Taco Bell fast food chain played an April Food joke on the American public by claiming to have bought the Liberty Bell to help pay down the national debt
1999 The first minimum wage goes into effect in Britain, £3.60 an hour for adults and £3.00 an hour for those under 22 years old.
1999 In April 1999, Restaurant Nora in Washington DC became America's first certified organic restaurant. This means that 95% or more of everything that you eat at the restaurant has been produced by certified organic growers and farmers.
Tagged: charlton heston, comedy, cult classic, daily quote, five food finds, food, foodimentary, fun, green, green food, jokes, life, national food holidays, national soylent green day, parody, soylent, soylent green, the history of soylent green, today in food history, wordpress
October 4 is National Taco Day
Here are today's five thing to know about Tacos:
Founder, Glenn Bell, first opened the chain "Del Tacos," a hot dog and taco franchise.
He was the first to fry his taco shells in advance. Before then, they were fried on demand.
They were the first fast food chain to have move tie-in promotions.
In 1962, a tacos only cost 19 cents.
Even though the 1990 Chihuahua was an advertising phenomenon, taco sales actually went down during that period.
The word taco started in the 18th century silver mines in Mexico. Back then, a taco was just some paper wrapped around gunpowder.
Taco Bell has tried to enter the Mexican market twice, failing both times, even after branding their food "American" food.
In 1914, the first recipes for tacos were put into an English cookbook.
1925 Teaching the theory of evolution became illegal in Tennessee.
1984 A section of Central Park is renamed 'Strawberry Fields' to honor John Lennon.
1994 Due to bad harvests, there is a shortage of Japanese grown rice. Japan's Imperial Palace begins serving royal meals to the Emperor & Empress with rice grown in the U.S., China and Thailand.
1999 Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones landed in the Egyptian desert, having completed the 1st 'Around the World' hot air balloon flight. According to the BBC, they carried fresh food, including bread, cheese and pre-cooked steaks to last for 6 or 7 days, after which they made due with dried foods such as cereals and powdered milk. The flight began in the Swiss Alps, took 19 days, 21 hours and 55 minutes, and covered 29,056 non-stop miles.
Tagged: crunchy taco day, five food finds, foodimentary, john-bryan hopkins, national crunchy taco day, original social media foodie, social media foodie, taco bell history, today in food history
April 5 is National Raisin and Spice Bar Day
minimalistbaker.com
Here are today's five thing to know about Raisin and Spice Bar:
Raisin spice bars are typically made with cinnamon, allspice, chopped pecans or walnuts, and raisins.
The the creator and origin of National Raisin and Spice Bar Day is not clear.
Raisin – comes from the Latin racemus and means "a cluster of grapes or berries".
Raisin grapes were grown as early as 2000 bc in Persia and Egypt, and dried grapes are mentioned in the Bible (Numbers 6:3) during the time of Moses. David (Israel's future king) was presented with "a hundred clusters of raisins" (1 Samuel 25:18), probably sometime during the period 1110–1070 bc.
Raisin colors vary by drying process. For example, a dark purplish/black raisin is sun-dried. A light to medium brown raisin is mechanically dehydrated in special drying tunnels.
1764 The Sugar Act passed in Britain, placing new restrictions on the import of molasses to America.
1806 Isaac Quintard patented the apple cider mill.
1858 W. Atlee Burpee was born. Founder of the world's largest mail-order seed company in 1876.
1881 Edwing Houston and Elihu Thomson patented a centrifugal separator, which could be used in separating milk.
1981 Bob Hite died. Singer with Canned Heat.
1994 Andre Tchelistcheff died. Tchelistcheff was a Russian-born U.S. enologist, was a pivotal figure in the revitalization of the California wine industry following Prohibition (1919-33) and used his Paris training in viticulture and wine making to pioneer such techniques as cold fermentation and the use of American oak barrels for aging. He was also an authority on the types of soil suitable for growing various grape varieties.
Encyclopedia Brittanica (CD-2002)
1998 The Spice Girls first U.K. concert in Glasgow
Tagged: five food finds, national raisin and spide bar day, today in food history
April 4 is National Cordon Bleu Day
http://www.creationsbykara.com
Here are today's five thing to know about Cordon Bleu:
The phrase "Cordon Bleu" means "Blue Ribbon" when referring to the dish.
Another use of the phrase "Cordon Bleu" comes from a distinguished order of sixteenth-century French knights, who apparently wore blue sashes and were therefore popularly referred to as the "Cordon-bleus."
Cordon Bleu is a thinly pounded piece of meat (most often chicken, but also veal or pork) stuffed with ham and cheese, then breaded and fried.
Chicken Cordon Bleu is a relatively recent American creation, first found mentioned in the written word in 1967.
Common variations on this recipe include baking instead of frying, skipping the breading, and switching the order of the meats.
The dish did not originate at any of the prestigious Cordon Bleu cooking schools of Europe as often thought. It is not exactly clear who was the first person to prepare and name the dish chicken cordon bleu.
There are many regional dishes from Europe that share characteristics with Chicken Cordon Bleu. Some of the countries that include roulades, or roll ups of meat, in their cuisine are Germany, France and Italy.
In largely Muslim-populated countries, the halal versions of chicken cordon bleu are also popular, but to cater to the halal requirement for the Muslims, the chicken is rolled around a beef instead of a pork product.
1828 Casparus van Wooden of Amsterdam, patented chocolate milk powder.
1871 Mary Florence Potts of Ottumwa, Iowa patented the 'Mrs. Potts' pressing iron. It had a detachable handle so several iron bodies could be heated and used in turn as one cooled down.
1883 Peter Cooper died. American inventor and founder of the 'Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art.' He also obtained the first American patent for the manufacture of gelatin. In 1895, a cough syrup manufacturer, Pearl B. Wait purchased the patent and developed a packaged gelatin dessert. Wait's wife, May David Wait named it Jell-O.
1884 Adolphe Duglere died. A pupil of Careme, head chef of the Rothschild family, and head chef of the famous 19th century Paris restaurant, the Cafe Anglais.
1887 William Cumming Rose was born. An American biochemist, he researched amino acids, and established the importance of the 8 essential amino acids in human nutrition.
1893 Alphonse Pyrame de Candolle died. A Swiss botanist, author of 'Origin of Cultivated Plants.'
1899Benjamin F. Jackson patented a gas burner.
1932 Vitamin C is first isolated by C.G. King at the University of Pittsburgh.
1998 A locust plague in Ethiopia was reported that covered almost 4,000 acres
Tagged: 8 essential amino acids, chicken cordon bleu, cordon bleu, essential amino acids, facts, five food finds, food, food holidays, foodimentary, fun, gelatin dessert, life, national cordon bleu day, national food holidays, restaurants, today in food history, wordpress
April 1 is National Sourdough Bread Day
http://www.kloppskitchen.com
Here are today's five thing to know about Sourdough Bread:
The liquid alcohol layer referred to as 'hooch' comes from an Native American tribe called Hoochinoo. The Hoochinoo used to trade supplies with Alaskan gold miners for the 'hooch' off the top of their sourdough starters.
Barm is the English term for sourdough starter. It is derived from the term 'barmy' which means tipsy, or ditzy. This is because of the alcohol!
Sourdough likely originated in Ancient Egyptian times around 1500 BC and was likely the first form of leavening available to bakers.
Baker's yeast is not useful as sourdough starter for leavening rye bread, as rye does not contain enough gluten.
Most bread is leavened with yeast, but sourdough is leavened with the Lactobacillus bacterium.
1582 France adopted the new Gregorian calendar. Prior to that, the new year was celebrated on April 1. (The new year actually started on March 25, which fell during Holy Week – so the celebrations were delayed until the first day of April). One explanation of the origin of 'April Fools Day' is that those who failed to accept the new start of the year on January 1 became the object of practical jokes. (Pope Gregory XIII introduced the new Gregorian Calendar in 1582. It is possible that Charles IX of France may have changed the start of the New Year to January in 1564).
1755 Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin was born. A French politician and author of the 8 volume Physiologie du goût, ou Méditation de gastronomie transcendante, ouvrage théorique, historique et à l'ordre du jour ("The Physiology of Taste, or Meditation on Transcendent Gastronomy, a Work Theoretical, Historical, and Programmed") published in 1825. It treats dining as an art form and contains many delightful and witty observations on the pleasures of the table.
1932 Actor Gordon Jump was born. The 'Maytag Repairman' in commercials, also Arthur Carlson on 'WKRP in Cincinnati'.
1976 R.I.P. Carl Peter Henrik Dam. Dam was a Danish biochemist who discovered vitamin K in 1939.
1996 The Taco Bell fast food chain played an April Food joke on the American public by claiming to have bought the Liberty Bell to help pay down the national debt.
Tagged: Bread, five food finds, food, Food Holiday, food holidays, foodimentary, fun, life, sourdough, sourdough bread, today in food history, wordpress
March 27 is World Whisky Day
wall.alphacoders.com
Here are today's five thing to know about Whisky:
Whisky and whiskey are actually the same liquor. In American-English and Irish-English, it is spelled "whiskey". In British-English, it is spelled "whisky".
A whisky stops maturing after it is bottled.
The dark color of whisky comes from the wooden barrels in which it is aged. The wood expands and contracts with the change in temperature, making the movie in and out of the wood. The compounds from wood give whisky its dark color.
There are more than 5000 types of Single Malt Whisky.
The barrels made from American White Oak have been claimed to produce the tastiest whisky.
The word whiskey comes from the Irish uisce beatha or "water of life." From Ireland, whiskey spread across the North Channel to Scotland.
The number next to the Whiskey's name refers to the age of the youngest whiskey to produce that specific product. If there is no number, then it is probably a minimum of three years old
A closed bottle of whisky can be kept for more than 100 years and it will still be good to drink. After opening, it will remain good for around five years.
1860 M.L. Byrn patented a new and improved corkscrew.
1901 Carl Barks was born. He worked for Disney Studios and illustrated Donald Duck comics.
1923 R.I.P. Sir James Dewar. He invented the 'Dewar Flask,' the original 'thermos bottle'.
1958 Sheb Wooley recorded 'Purple People Eater' on this day.
2001 China reported that its population is now 1.26 Billion.
Tagged: five food finds, foodimentary, history of whisky, national whisky day, original social media foodie, social media foodie, today in food history, whisky, world whisky day
March 25 is International Waffle Day
domesticfits.com
Here are today's five thing to know about Waffle:
International Waffle day originated in Sweden.
Vårfrudagen, a Swedish name for "Our Lady's Day" sounds (in Swedish) like Våffel-dagen (waffle day).
Waffles are descended from the flat cakes baked in ancient Greece. These cakes were prepared with cheese and herbs and cooked between two metal plates.
The waffles we know today first appeared in the Middle Ages.
Thomas Jefferson's Belgian cook brought one of the first waffle irons to the US.
"A waffle is like a pancake with a syrup trap." – Mitch Hedberg
The word "waffle" is from the Dutch, meaning "wafer".
Eggo Waffles were first brought into supermarket freezer sections in 1953.
Parry Gripp created a song called "Do You Like Waffles" because of his love of waffles.
1775 Pecan Day. George Washington planted pecan trees (some of which still survive) at Mount Vernon. The trees were supposedly a gift to Washington from Thomas Jefferson.
1848 William Keith Brooks was born. An American zoologist, he was a champion for the conservation of the Chesapeake Bay oyster. Author of 'The Oyster' (1891).
1867 R.I.P. Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge. A German chemist who developed a method for obtaining sugar from beet juice.
1867 The 2 mile long, 5 foot diameter Chicago Lake Tunnel was activated. It was the first water supply tunnel for a U.S. city.
1914 Norman Ernest Borlaug was born. American agronomist, Nobel Peace Prize winner for efforts to overcome world hunger. Developed the wheat/rye hybrid called 'triticale' with higher yield and protein content.
1995 Pizza Hut introduced its Stuffed Crust Pizza.
2008 R.I.P. Herb Peterson, creator of McDonald's Egg McMuffin breakfast sandwich.
Tagged: Eggo Waffles, five food finds, George Washington, International Waffle day originated, international waffles day, national waffles day, original social media foodie, Parry Gripp, social media foodie, Thomas Jefferson, today in food history, waffle, waffles, William Keith Brooks
March 22 is World Water Day
http://www.kangensui.us
Here are today's five thing to know about Water:
Over 70 percent of an adult's body is made up of water.
The recommended daily intake of water is 8 cups per day, but it can come through the consumption of food as well.
There's more fresh water stored under the ground in aquifers than on the earth's surface.
Drinking too much water too quickly causes water intoxication, caused by reduced sodium (salt) levels in the blood stream. Some confuse this with a "runner's high".
Of all the water on the earth, humans can use about three tenths of a percent of it for drinking water.
The world water day is a mean of focusing attention on the importance of freshwater and advocating for the sustainable management of freshwater resources.
The theme in 2015 is Water and Sustainable Development.
Roughly 75% of all industrial water withdrawals are used for energy production.
1841 Cornstarch was patented by Orlando Jones in England.
1960 R.I.P. Agnes Arber the British botanist who wrote 'Herbals: Their Origin and Evolution' (1912) and 'The Gramineae: A Study of Cereal, Bamboo and Grass' (1934).
1975 'Lady Marmalade' by LaBelle is #1 on the charts. (Marmalade is a French name for Jam or Jelly.)
Tagged: five food finds, foodimentary, national food holidays, national water day, today in food history, world water day
March 17 is National 'Eat Like the Irish' Day
valentinexday.com
Here are today's five thing to know about Irish Cuisine:
In 2010, the average Irish person aged 15+ drank 11.9 litres of pure alcohol, according to provisional data. That's the equivalent of about 44 bottles of vodka, 470 pints or 124 bottles of wine.
There is a famous Irish dessert known as Drisheen, a surprisingly delicious black pudding.
Traditional dishes include Irish stew, coddle, and Irish breakfast.
The leprechaun, famous to Ireland, is said to grant wishes to those who can catch them.
The first fish and chips was served in Dublin in the 1880's by Italian imigrants.
St. Patrick is well known for being the patron saint of Ireland and having a day named for him that most of the world uses as an excuse to get incredibly drunk. However, St. Patrick, despite popular belief, was not actually Irish.
St. Patrick's Day has been celebrated in North America since the late 18th century.
One of the shortest St. Patrick's Day parades in the world lasts only 100 yards, from one pub to another, and is held in Dripsey, County Cork, Ireland.
1751 Anders Dahl was born. A renowned Swedish botanist, the Dahlia flower was named for him.
1845 Stephen Perry received a patent for the rubber band. It was made from vulcanized rubber.
1864 Work began on a 2 mile long, 5 foot diameter, water supply tunnel for Chicago. It was completed in 1867.
1944 John Sebastian of the music group 'Loving Spoonful' was born.
1967 Billy Corgan of the music group 'Smashing Pumpkins' was born.
Tagged: eat like the irish, five food finds, foodimentary, history of irish food, irish cuisine, irish food, national eat like an irishman day, original social media foodie, social media foodie, today in food history
March 16 is National Artichoke Heart Day
http://www.drannblog.com
Here are today's five thing to know about Artichoke:
The artichoke is the unopened "flower" bloom of a thistle plant.
A medium sized globe artichoke is fat free and has only 25 calories.
3% of the world's herbal tea consumption is dried artichoke tea.
40% of the world's artichokes are canned or jarred.
California is known as the artichoke capital of the world. They supply nearly 100% of North American fresh artichokes.
The first mention of artichokes in literature was around 40-70 AD in a book on the medicinal uses of plants called The Greek Herbal of Dioscorides.
Artichoke was first introduced the artichoke to France in the 16th century by King Henry II's wife, Catherine de Medici. She said, "If one of us had eaten artichokes, we would have been pointed out on the street. Today young women are more forward than pages at the court."
1915 Absinthe is outlawed in France and several other countries. Absinthe was a licorice/anise flavored liqueur that contained wormwood, and was 132 proof. The high alcohol content, and the presence of the toxic oil thujone from the wormwood, often causing hallucinations, convulsions, and severe mental problems amongst hard core absinthe drinkers. Absinthe is now legal in the European Union.
1975 RIP T-Bone Walker, blues guitarist
1990 A Third Michelin star was awarded to Restaurant Louis XV in the Hotel de Paris. Chef Alain Ducasse, 33, is the youngest chef ever to have his restaurant receive 3 stars.
Tagged: five food finds, foodimentary, national artichoke day, today in food history
March 15 is National Peanut Lovers' Day
pecangirl.wordpress.com
Here are today's five thing to know about Peanut:
Nuts are most healthy in their raw form. The reason is that over 15% of the healthy oils are lost in the roasting process.
Studies show that people who eat nuts regularly live 2-3 years longer than those who don't.
The nut allergy is among the most common food allergies.
Roasted nutshells were used as a coffee substitute during the civil war.
Half of the world's nuts are inedible or poisonous to humans.
Peanuts account for two-thirds of all snack nuts consumed in the USA.
Archibutyrophobia is the fear of getting peanut butter stuck to the roof of your mouth.
Everybody loves peanuts; so much so, that there's a saying: "Will power is the ability to eat one peanut!"
1858 Liberty Hyde Bailey was born. He was a world famous American botanist who studied cultivated plants. He was dean of Horticulture at Cornell University for 15 years.
1891 Sir Joseph William Bazalgette died. A British civil engineer, he designed the main sewer system for London. Allowing for running water .
1980 McDonald's test marketed Chicken McNuggets in Knoxville, Tennessee. They are so popular that they have to look for a second supplier.
Tagged: five food finds, foodimentary, national peanut lovers day, peanuts, today in food history
March 14 is National Potato Chip Day
www-partyexcuses-com
Here are today's five thing to know about Potato Chip:
The first potato "chips" appeared in 1853. Served at the Lodge at Saratoga Springs, New York. They were referred to for decades as "Saratoga Chips"
Native American chef, George Crum is credited with creating & first serving the "Saratoga Chips"
The average potato chip is .04 to.08 of an inch thick.
During WWII production of potato chips halted because they were deemed an "unessential food"
in Great Britain and many other parts of the world Potato Chips are referred to as "crisps". Chips, to them are French Fried potatoes.
George Crum created the first potato chip from being annoyed by a customer's complain on his thick french fries.
It takes 1,000 pounds of potatoes to make 350 pounds of potato chips.
The most popular US Potato Chip flavours are Regular, Barbecue and Sour Cream and Onion.
1794 Eli Whitney patented the cotton gin.
1903 President Theodore Roosevelt established the first U.S. national bird sanctuary to protect pelicans and herons nesting on Pelican Island, near Sebastian, Florida.
1958'Tequila' by The Champs is #1 on the charts.
Tagged: five food finds, foodimentary, national potato chips day, potato chips, today in food history
March 13 is Chicken Noodle Soup Day
foodrecipez-com
Here are today's five thing to know about Chicken Noodle Soup:
Campbell's first introduces 'Noodle soup with Chicken' in 1934
During a radio program on "Amos 'n Andy" Amos misread his script and said "Chicken Noodle Soup". Within a few weeks, Campbell's changed the name.
Research has shown that each can of soup contains around 216 noodles measuring 32 to 34 feet of noodles.
Campbell's create over a million miles of noodles for soup per year. Enough to go around the Earth 40 times.
In 1898, Herberton Williams, a Campbell's executive, adopted the carnelian red and white color scheme; he was taken with the Cornell University football team's uniforms
Soup can be dated back to about 6000 B.C. and was first made of hippopotamus.
The inspiration of Andy Warhol to paint his "Campbell's Soup Cans" series from eating it for lunch every day for 20 years.
2014 is the 80th birthday of the Campbell's Condensed Chicken Noodle soup.
1764 Charles Grey, 2nd Earl, was born. Earl Grey was supposedly given the recipe for Earl Grey Tea by a Chinese mandarin with whom he was friends.
1813 Lorenzo Delmonico, famed restaurateur was born at Marengo, Switzerland. In 1851 he joined his uncles in their catering and pastry shop in New York City. He transformed the business into one of the most famous restaurants in the country.
1893 The original Waldorf Hotel opened. It had 450 rooms and almost 1,000 employees.
1915 Wilbert Robinson (Uncle Robby), manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers, attempted to catch a baseball dropped from an airplane. Someone had substituted a grapefruit instead, which virtually exploded in his glove on impact, covering him with grapefruit pulp and juice, much to the amusement of his team.
2006 While a Poultry and Food Science professor at Cornell University from 1949-1989 he developed chicken nuggets (keeping the breading on was the key), turkey ham, poultry hot dogs and many other products. He founded Cornell's Institute of Food Science and Marketing in 1970, and in 2004 was inducted into the American Poultry Hall of Fame.
Tagged: chicken noodle soup, chicken noodle soup birthday, five food finds, food events of march 13, food holidays, foodimentary, Happy 80th birthday to Campbell's chicken noodle soup, national chicken noodle soup day, national food holidays, original social media foodie, social media foodie, today in food history
March 12 is National Milky Way Day
blindenreport.de
Here are today's five thing to know about Milky Way:
The Milky Way bar was created in 1923 by Frank Mars.
In the 1920's it came in two flavors chocolate and vanilla.
It was the first mass produced chocolate bar with a filling.
The name 'Milky Way' was taken from a popular malted milkshake NOT the galaxy.
Outside of North America the Milky Way is a completely different kind of candy bar.
The European version the Milky Way has no caramel topping and low density that it floats in milk.
There was vanilla flavored Milky Way called "Forever Yours" until 1979.
The first slogan of Milky Way was "The sweet you can eat between meals."
The most recent slogan is "Life's Better in the Milky Way."
1841 Orlando Jones of Middlesex, England received a U.S. patent for a process to make starch from rice or corn.
1894 Coca Cola was first bottled by Joseph A. Biedenham of Vicksburg, Mississippi. Before that it was only mixed to order at the soda fountain.
1912 Juliette 'Daisy' Gordon Low founded the Girl Scouts of the USA in Savannah, Georgia.
1929 RIP Asa Griggs Candler, In 1887, Asa Candler, a wholesale druggist, purchased the formula for Coca-Cola from John S. Pemberton, an Atlanta pharmacist, for $2,300. He sold the company in 1919 for $25 million.
1930 Mahatma Gandhi began his march to the coastal village of Dandi, to protest the British salt monopoly.
1993 RIP Christian Kent Nelson, He was the inventor of the Eskimo Pie in 1919 in Iowa.
Tagged: five food finds, foodimentary, milky way, today in food history
March 6 is National Oreo Day
Here are today's five thing to know about Oreo:
In 1912, Nabisco had a new idea for a cookie – two chocolate disks with a creme filling in between.
The first Oreo cookie looked very similar to the Oreo cookie of today, with only a slight difference in the design on the chocolate disks.
Little did they know that the Oreo cookie would become the largest selling cookie of all time.
The origin of the name Oreo is unknown, but there are many theories, including derivations from the French word 'Or', meaning gold (as early packaging was gold), or the Greek word 'Oreo', meaning beautiful, nice or well done.
Starting in January 2006, Oreo cookies replaced the trans fat in the cookie with non-hydrogenated vegetable oil.
Tagged: five food finds, foodimentary, history of Oreos, national oreo day, oreo, oreos, original social media foodie, social media foodie, today in food history
March 5 is National Cheez Doodle Day
http://www.sugafari.com
Here are today's five thing to know about Cheez Doodle:
Cheetos cheese-flavored puffs became a hit in the 1950's soon, Cheez Doodles appeared.
"Cheez Doodles fingers" is the official word used to when you get cheese powder on your fingers after eating ANY cheese flavored snack food.
Cheez Doodles are said to be one of the only packaged snack foods preferred by Julia Child.
They have recently entered pop culture as the preferred snack of ESPN NBA analyst Stephen A. Smith, and are the favourite snack of Lincoln Peirce's comic character Big Nate.
Wise (the company that produces Cheez Doodles) recently made their Crunchy Cheez Doodles "cheezier," more akin to Cheetos' flavor.
1836 Charles Goodnight was born. He is said to have devised the first 'chuck wagon' from an Army wagon in the 1850s with various shelves and compartments for food, equipment, utensils, medical supplies, etc.
1893 Emmett J. Culligan was born. He was the founder of the water treatment company that carries his name.
1910 Momofuku Ando was born in Taiwan. Mr. Ando was the founder of Nissin Food Products, and invented 'Instant Ramen' noodles.
1991 Patent # 5,000,000 was issued to Lonnie O. Ingram of the University of Florida. The patent was for a genetically engineered form of the E. coli bacterium that converts plant material into ethanol.
Tagged: cheese doodle history, cheese doodles, cheez doodle history, cheez doodles, five food finds, foodimentary, national cheez doodles day, original social media foodie, social media foodie, today in food history
December 17 is National Maple Syrup Day
bakingsoda1.blogspot.com
Here are today's five thing to know about Maple Syrup Day:
Maple syrup is boiled even further to produce maple cream, maple sugar, and maple candy.
Usually a maple tree is at least 30 years old and 12 inches in diameter before it is tapped
The maple season may last eight to 10 weeks, but sap flow is heaviest for about 10-20 days in the early spring.
It takes 30-50 gallons of sap to make one gallon of maple syrup.
It takes one gallon of maple syrup to produce eight pounds of maple candy or sugar.
1843 Charles Dickens' 'A Christmas Carol' was published. It contains numerous and elaborate descriptions of Christmas food and dinners.
"Oh! All that steam! The pudding had just been taken out of the cauldron. Oh! That smell! The same as the one which prevailed on washing day! It is that of the cloth which wraps the pudding. Now, one would imagine oneself in a restaurant and in a confectioner's at the same time, with a laundry nest door. Thirty seconds later, Mrs. Cratchit entered, her face crimson, but smiling proudly, with the pudding resembling a cannon ball, all speckled, very firm, sprinkled with brandy in flames, and decorated with a sprig of holly stuck in the centre. Oh! The marvelous pudding!"
1892 The first performance of Tchaikovsky's 'The Nutcracker' in St. Petersburg.
1940 'Corn Silk' was recorded by Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians.
1948 Jim Bonfanti of the music group 'The Raspberries' was born
Categories: December Food Holidays, Food Facts, Food Holidays
Tagged: december food holidays, five food finds, maple syrup, today in food history
April 6 is National Caramel Popcorn Day
Interesting Food Facts about Caramel Popcorn
Popcorn is made by boiling the water inside the corn kernel. As the liquid water becomes gaseous, it occupies much more volume and therefore causes incredible pressure in the kernel that causes it to explode into being inside-out.
Unpopped popcorn kernels are called "old maids."
Americans consume 17 billion quarts of popped popcorn annually, or 54 quarts per man, woman and child.
United States citizens consume more popcorn than any other country's.
Being corn, popcorn that is unsalted, unbuttered, and otherwise unaltered is a very healthy snack.
Caramel popcorn or "caramel corn" used to be directly associated with Halloween for trick or treaters.
Popcorn is scientifically known as Zea mays everta.
The Wyandot Popcorn Museum is the largest collection of restored popcorn antiques.
1859 Massachusetts created the first Inspector of Milk position in the U.S.
1869 John Wesley Hyatt patented celluloid, the first synthetic plastic.
1896 Opening day of the first modern Olympic games. The last Olympics were held 1,500 years ago.
1930 'Twinkies' go on sale for the first time.
1932 C. Glen King, at the University of Pittsburgh, isolated vitamin C from lemon juice.
1938 Roy J. Plunkett accidentally discovered Teflon.
1947 John Ratzenberger, actor, was born. He played 'Cliff Clavin, Jr.' on the TV series 'Cheers.'
1954 TV dinners are introduced. C.A. Swanson & Sons introduced the first TV dinner: roast turkey with stuffing and gravy, sweet potatoes and peas. It sold for 98 cents and came in an aluminum tray, so you could just open the box and heat the dinner in the oven. (No microwave ovens back then).
Supposedly executive Gerald Thomas came up with the idea when the company had tons of leftover turkey from Thanksgiving (Didn't we all?). The idea for the aluminum trays came from the trays used for airline food. They were an immediate success, and Turkey dinners are still the most popular Swanson frozen dinner. Swanson stopped calling them TV dinners in 1962.
1988 McDonald's opened its 10,000th restaurant in Dale City, Virginia.
Tagged: five food finds, national caramel popcorn day, today in food history
Interesting Food Facts about Raisin and Spice Bar
Recipe of Raisin and Spice Bar
Interesting Food Facts about Cordon Bleu
April 2 is National Peanut Butter and Jelly Day
Interesting Food Facts about Peanut Butter Jelly
Studies show that there is a 75% chance that if you drop a slice of peanut buttered bread, it will fall face down.
50 percent of all the peanuts grown around the world are used to make peanut butter.
It is estimated that the average American school child will have munched through 1500 Peanut Butter and Jelly sandwiches before graduation.
An 18 ounce jar of peanut butter will contain about 850 peanuts.
The largest recorded peanut butter and jelly sandwich in the world was lovingly crafted in Peanut, Pennsylvania in 1993. It was 40 ft long and contained 150lbs of peanut butter and 50lbs of jelly.
By law, any product labeled "peanut butter" in the United States must be at least 90 percent peanuts.
Peanut butter was first introduced to the USA in 1904 at the Universal Exposition in St. Louis by C.H. Sumner, who sold $705.11 of the "new treat" at his concession stand.
A 2002 survey showed the average American will have eaten 2,500 of these sandwiches before graduating from high school.
742 Charlemagne was born. Charlemagne, Charles I, Charles the Great, King of the Franks, Charles le Grand, Carolus Magnus, Karl Der Grosse, King of the Lombards, master of Western Europe, Emperor. Some of the food related 'facts' I have come across related to Charlemagne:
* the peacock was first served in Europe during his reign;
* Sauerbraten was invented by Charlemagne;
* Roquefort cheese was a favorite of his;
* the knife began to be used to eat food for the first time during his reign (rather than the fingers);
* Roses were used to cover tables for meals.
I have no real corroboration for any of these 'facts' think 'truthy'
1819 The periodical, 'American Farmer' was founded by John Skinner
1827 Joseph Dixon began manufacturing the first lead (graphite) pencils. Necessary to write recipes and menus
1840 Emile Zola was born. French writer and critic who was also known as a gourmand. His detailed descriptions of simple meals, banquets and eating in his novels are among the best to be found anywhere. He was also known for his own luxury dinner parties. "What will be the death of me are bouillabaisses, food spiced with pimiento, shellfish, and a load of exquisite rubbish which I eat in disproportionate quantities."
1863 THE RICHMOND BREAD RIOTS – Shortages of food caused hundreds of angry women gathered in Richmond, Virginia to march on the governor's office and then on the government commissary to demand bread. It ended in a riot when they broke into the commissary and then other shops & buildings and carried out anything they could carry. Even the hospital reported losing over 300 pounds of beef. Arrests were made, but at the request of authorities, the newspapers downplayed the incident, and records were later destroyed when the Confederate government fled and burned much of the town behind them.
Tagged: facts, food holidays, foodimentary, jelly, national food holidays, national peanut butter and jelly day, original social media foodie, original twitter foodie, pb&j, peanut butter, peanut butter and jelly, peanut butter and jelly sandwich, peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, social media foodie, today in food history, twitter foodie
Interesting Food Facts about Whisky
Interesting Food Facts about Waffles
Interesting Food Facts about Water
The theme in 2014 is Water and Energy.
March 21 is National Crunchy Taco Day
Interesting Food Facts about Taco Bell
Interesting Food Facts about Irish Cuisine
Interesting Food Facts about Artichoke
Interesting Food Facts about Peanut
Interesting Food Facts about Potato Chip
Happy Birthday to Campbell's Favorite soup!
Interesting Food Facts about Campbell's Chicken Noodle Soup


Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack on Thursday will announce a batch of regulatory reforms designed to deliver services to farmers and ranchers "in a streamlined way" without sacrificing quality in his department's work.
On the eve of a speech to the National Association of Farm Broadcasters in Kansas City, Mo., Vilsack spoke to Government Executive about his role as a manager responding to President Obama's April executive order tasking federal agencies with making regulations more efficient.
The specific reforms Vilsack will unveil are aimed at speeding rural disaster assistance, expediting reviews of pending product applications and simplifying crop acreage reporting dates.
"It's important that we constantly look at process improvement at USDA or any government agency," Vilsack said. "So I had challenged our mission areas to focus on more quickly delivering services in a streamlined way. It's kind of wonkish and detail-oriented, but at the end of the day, time is money" for farmers and agricultural businesses, he said. These changes will "allow companies greater predictability on when their products get to market."
In particular, Vilsack praised the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service for shortening its process for license applications for veterinary biologics -- substances used to treat animals -- by as many as 100 days. APHIS also has trimmed the average length of the petition process for companies seeking to have their genetically engineered organisms delisted from regulatory monitoring. And it is cutting the enforcement process from 215 days to 165 against parties who jeopardize plant and animal health or welfare.
The Farm Service Agency is hoping to reduce the time it takes farmers and ranchers hit by natural disasters to receive a secretarial disaster designation, which allows them to receive loans and other assistance, by cutting the process from six steps to two. Visack said he met last week with disaster victims in Illinois who were "impressed" with the department's two-week turnaround. "When you've been devastated by a natural disaster, the last thing you want is an excuse that these things take time," he said.
FSA also is permitting producers to apply to its Conservation Reserve Program with a single visit to an agency office. And it is working with Agriculture's Risk Management Agency to share data to reduce what had been 71 acreage reporting dates for hundreds of crops to 15 common dates.
Vilsack said the streamlining plans got rolling when one of the department's mission area managers showed him a design schematic of the current process for reviewing genetically engineered crops to respond to a company's assertion that its experimental farm product has been proved safe. "It was a decision tree with many steps, so I asked if all the steps were necessary, because it was hard to pin down who actually was making each decision," he said. It turned out some of the decisions could be made simultaneously, and now "the shorter time frame will allow a company to get it into the stream of commerce more quickly."
Asked why such streamlining hadn't been accomplished a long time ago, Vilsack said, "You'd have to ask the guys who had my office and job before. I came in as a former governor. USDA historically was set up with the secretary as the spokesman, but management was done at the department level. I'm heavily engaged in management. And the reason is, we're facing historically challenging times in the budget."
The reforms being announced Thursday follow another set of changes implemented in October, when the National Agriculture Statistics Service said it was eliminating dozens of reports on the population of farm animals and inventoried produce.
The department, which is preparing to celebrate its 150th anniversary, said in a statement that U.S. agriculture is "currently experiencing one of its best years in decades thanks to the productivity, resiliency and resourcefulness of our producers."
Vilsack said he wants to "send a message to our customers that we're trying to improve services without sacrificing quality."


text:
Your Mystery and Thriller Book Bargains for December 23, 2017
FREE BOOK OF THE DAY
Close to the Bones
by Lee Hayton
Eleven talented authors. Eleven remarkable thrill rides. One incredible thriller collection.
From the frozen waste to a tropical paradise, nowhere is safe. Nearly 350 pages of thriller short stories to capture your imagination and keep you on the edge of your seat. Start at the beginning and you may find that you can't stop until you've reached the end.
Category: Mystery – Collections & Anthologies
by Netta Newbound
Do you love gripping psychological thrillers full of twists and turns? If so you'll love best-selling author Netta Newbound's stunning new Maggie.
When sixteen-year-old Maggie Simms' mum loses her battle with cancer, the only family she has left is her abusive stepfather, Kenny.
Horrified to discover he intends to continue his nightly abuse, Maggie is driven to put a stop to him once and for all.
However, she finds her troubles are only just beginning when several of her closest allies are killed.
Although nothing seems to be linking the deaths, Maggie believes she is jinxed.
Why are the people she cares about being targeted?
And who is really behind the murders?
Sometimes the truth is closer than you think.
Netta Newbound is the best-selling author of novels including, The Watcher and An Impossible Dilemma
Category: Crime Fiction
The Man of Legends
by Kenneth Johnson
New York City, New Year's weekend, 2001. Jillian Guthrie, a troubled young journalist, stumbles onto a tantalizing mystery: the same man, unaged, stands alongside Ulysses S. Grant, Theodore Roosevelt, and Gandhi in three different photographs spanning eighty-five years of history.
In another part of town, Will—an enigmatic thirty-three-year-old of immense charm, wit, and intelligence—looks forward to the new year with hope and trepidation. Haunted by his secret past and shadowed by a dangerous stranger, he finds himself the object of an intense manhunt spearheaded by an ambitious Vatican emissary and an elderly former UN envoy named Hanna.
During the next forty-eight hours, a catastrophic event unites Will, Jillian, and Hanna—and puts them in the crosshairs of a centuries-old international conspiracy. Together, the three must unravel an ancient curse that stretches back two millennia and beyond, and face a primal evil that threatens their lives and thousands more.
Award-winning science-fiction mastermind Kenneth Johnson blends epic adventure, romance, and evocative drama into an intense supernatural thriller rooted in one of the great untold legends of human history.
Category: Suspense
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text:
Tesla Sued by Driver Over Autopilot Crash, Broken Foot
By Lisa M. Schaffer, Esq. on September 07, 2018 3:40 PM
In yet another Tesla Autopilot crash, Heather Lommatzsch filed suit against Tesla in a Utah state court for negligence, among other claims. She crashed her Tesla Model S into a fire engine in May 2018 while Autopilot was on and she was looking at her phone. Lommatzsch was under the erroneous impression that the car would safely stop on its own if another object, like a fire engine, was in its way. She broke her foot in the accident, but also claims she has lost "the pleasures and enjoyment of life and physical impairment."
Tesla Autopilot -- Unsafe at Any Speed?
In 2015, Tesla rolled out its Autopilot program, which, when engaged, automatically takes on all of the car's breaking, steering, and lane switching duties. But due to multiple Tesla crashes, including two that were fatal, the Autopilot program apparently does not always do its job adequately. Lommatzsch claims that Tesla was negligent in putting a defective product on the market that doesn't do what it claims to do: avoid accidents. Also, she is is suing for failing to warn Tesla owners that it doesn't, in fact, avoid accidents.
To prove defective product, the plaintiff will need to prove that Tesla's Autopilot doesn't drive the car safely. And this may very well be proveable. Though Tesla has repeatedly claimed that its Autopilot feature reduces crash rates by 40%, this may be fake news. According to NHTSA, there is very little scientific data to back that claim. Many other competitors have similar technology, yet they have not rushed to put their product on the market. Plaintiffs may dig deeper into this, and find that there is a viable reason why the competitive landscape for self-driving cars is so desolate.
Autopilot Not Synonymous With Autonomous
Regarding failure to warn, Tesla claims that it has repeatedly stated Autopilot does not shift blame for accidents from the driver to Tesla. In fact, Elon Musk has been quoted as saying "The onus is on the pilot to make sure the autopilot is doing the right thing ... We're not yet at the stage where you can go to sleep and wake up at your destination. We would have called it autonomous ... if that were the case."
But saying it doesn't necessarily make it so. Drivers quickly get into the habit of paying very little attention to the road, lulled into being a passive passenger rather than an active driver. And it's possible, according to other companies in the driverless car space like Google and Zoox, that Tesla should have seen this coming.
If you or someone you love, has been involved in a Tesla crash with the Autopilot engaged, contact a local personal injury attorney, who can review the facts of your case, and provide you with sound legal guidance and recommend best next steps.
Find a Local Personal Injury Attorney (FindLaw's Lawyer Directory)
Tesla Model S Autopilots Itself Into a Parked Police Car (FindLaw Legal Grounds)
Tesla Pushes Back Requests for Crash Data (FindLaw Technologist)


text:
package org.jf.dexlib2.writer.builder;

import com.google.common.collect.*;

import org.jf.dexlib2.iface.reference.*;
import org.jf.dexlib2.immutable.reference.*;
import org.jf.dexlib2.writer.*;

import java.util.*;
import java.util.Map.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

import javax.annotation.*;

public class BuilderFieldPool
        implements FieldSection<BuilderStringReference, BuilderTypeReference, BuilderFieldReference, BuilderField> {
    @Nonnull
    private final BuilderContext context;
    @Nonnull
    private final ConcurrentMap<FieldReference, BuilderFieldReference> internedItems =
            Maps.newConcurrentMap();

    BuilderFieldPool(@Nonnull BuilderContext context) {
        this.context = context;
    }

    @Nonnull
    BuilderFieldReference internField(@Nonnull String definingClass, String name, String type) {
        ImmutableFieldReference fieldReference = new ImmutableFieldReference(definingClass, name, type);
        return internField(fieldReference);
    }

    @Nonnull
    public BuilderFieldReference internField(@Nonnull FieldReference fieldReference) {
        BuilderFieldReference ret = internedItems.get(fieldReference);
        if (ret != null) {
            return ret;
        }

        BuilderFieldReference dexPoolFieldReference = new BuilderFieldReference(
                context.typePool.internType(fieldReference.getDefiningClass()),
                context.stringPool.internString(fieldReference.getName()),
                context.typePool.internType(fieldReference.getType()));
        ret = internedItems.putIfAbsent(dexPoolFieldReference, dexPoolFieldReference);
        return ret == null ? dexPoolFieldReference : ret;
    }

    @Nonnull
    @Override
    public BuilderTypeReference getDefiningClass(@Nonnull BuilderFieldReference key) {
        return key.definingClass;
    }

    @Nonnull
    @Override
    public BuilderTypeReference getFieldType(@Nonnull BuilderFieldReference key) {
        return key.fieldType;
    }

    @Nonnull
    @Override
    public BuilderStringReference getName(@Nonnull BuilderFieldReference key) {
        return key.name;
    }

    @Override
    public int getFieldIndex(@Nonnull BuilderField builderField) {
        return builderField.fieldReference.getIndex();
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemIndex(@Nonnull BuilderFieldReference key) {
        return key.index;
    }

    @Nonnull
    @Override
    public Collection<? extends Entry<? extends BuilderFieldReference, Integer>> getItems() {
        return new BuilderMapEntryCollection<BuilderFieldReference>(internedItems.values()) {
            @Override
            protected int getValue(@Nonnull BuilderFieldReference key) {
                return key.index;
            }

            @Override
            protected int setValue(@Nonnull BuilderFieldReference key, int value) {
                int prev = key.index;
                key.index = value;
                return prev;
            }
        };
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Hertz to Go Public This Week
Hertz Global Holdings is set to go public this week on the New York Stock Exchange for proceeds of about $1.43 billion. The company is offering about 88.2 million shares from $16 to $18, with the $1.43 billion total assuming a $17 midpoint price.
The Park Ridge, N.J.-based company was acquired in December from Ford Motor Co. for $5.6 billion in cash and assumption of $10 billion in debt by a group of private equity companies including Clayton, Dubilier & Rice; Carlyle Group and Merrill Lynch Global Private Equity. Proceeds from the offering will be used to repay debt and to pay related transaction fees and expenses. The company will pay a special cash dividend of about $1.83 per share before the offering, with the bulk going to the equity funds, which also received a payout of $991.2 million in a special dividend in June.
Hertz' stock will trade under the symbol HTZ.
Hertz operates car rental businesses at about 7,600 locations in 145 countries, and has about 265 equipment rental branches in North America and about 95 in Europe. Hertz Equipment Rental Corp. is No. 3 on the RER 100.
TAGS: Homepage Syndicate News & Analysis


A student may take an independent, individually supervised reading/research course, provided that the student and the course meet the requirements as set out by the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Professional Studies and those established by the department. Note: Independent reading/research courses require a signed agreement between the student and faculty member, as well as the approval of the section coordinator and undergraduate director. Note: Please consult the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Professional Studies Academic Advising and Student Responsibility section of the calendar for detailed regulations regarding independent reading courses. Course credit exclusions: None. Prior TO FALL 2009: Course credit exclusion: AS/JP 4900 6.00.
Please click here to see availability.


text:
Cheap DNA test diagnoses genetic diseases
Ex Contributor / May 3, 2019 February 16, 2010
Quick, cheap gene tests for many diseases could be just around the corner, with the development of a DNA test that works on a drop of saliva.
"This technology offers a speedy, cost-efficient alternative to existing methods of DNA analysis," says Dr Juan Diaz-Mochon of Edinburgh University's School of Chemistry.
"Our method could help reach the goal of complete genome analysis in a few hours for less than $1,000."
The researchers say that the test, based on chemical analysis, delivers reliable results without the need for expensive enzymes used in conventional DNA testing.
It's successfully been used to detect genes linked to cystic fibrosis, they say. CF is known to be caused by a single faulty gene.
The team hopes soon to test whether it can decode entire human genomes.
"We plan to test the technology further, extend our collaborations with leading researchers and companies in the DNA sequencing field and establish our first commercial operations within the next six months," said the university's Professor Mark Bradley.
Such a test, say the researchers, would enable improved personal diagnosis, allowing prompt, appropriate treatment for patients.
We think the insurance companies might quite like it too.
The study appears in Angewandte Chemie.
Categories SciencePost navigation
Sexting attracts teens to Blackberry Messenger
Capcom retools Street Fighter IV for the iPhone


text:
Der Glaube, dass "die Sprache" der Eskimo (tatsächlich gibt es mehrere Eskimosprachen) im Vergleich zu anderen Sprachen besonders viele Wörter für Schnee habe, ist ein verbreiteter Irrtum. Tatsächlich sind es nicht mehr als in anderen Sprachen, denn in den Eskimo-Sprachen erscheinen Zusammensetzungen wie feuchter Schnee als ein Wort. Außerdem haben auch andere Sprachen viele Wörter für Schnee, anders als es Franz Boas fälschlich in den Mund gelegt wird, auf den diese aus dem Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts stammende moderne Sage zurückgeht.

Geschichte
Der Ethnologe und Sprachwissenschaftler Franz Boas erwähnt dieses Thema erstmals 1911. Boas war Kulturrelativist und wollte unter anderem mit diesem Beispiel zeigen, wie verschiedene Völker sich ihrer Lebensumwelt sprachlich anpassen und die phänomenale Welt über die Sprache unterschiedlich klassifizieren. Er nannte zunächst vier unterschiedliche Lexeme, die ihm zufolge "Schnee am Boden", "fallender Schnee", "driftender Schnee" und "Schneewehe" bezeichnen, und kontrastierte sie mit Englisch snow, mit dem alle diese Erscheinungen bezeichnet werden können. Er betonte dabei allerdings weniger die terminologische Vielfalt, als vielmehr die Tatsache, dass im Eskimo ein allgemeiner Oberbegriff fehlt, unter den alle diese Schneearten taxonomisch subsumiert werden können. Dasselbe gelte im Eskimo auch für den Unterschied von Trinkwasser und Salzwasser, und das Fehlen eines Allgemeinbegriffs für Wasser. Damit wollte er zeigen, dass sich in dem Vokabular der verschiedenen Sprachgemeinschaften Züge ihrer kommunikativen Interessen widerspiegeln. In diesem Zusammenhang wird das Thema 1940 auch von Benjamin Whorf, einem der namensgebenden Vertreter der Sapir-Whorf-Hypothese, angeführt, um das Verhältnis von Sprache und Weltsicht neu zu bestimmen.

Diese Überlegungen wurden von der Öffentlichkeit aufgegriffen und immer weiter popularisiert und dabei verändert. Im Laufe der Zeit vermehrte sich die vermeintliche Anzahl der Wörter für Schnee im vermeintlichen Eskimo von vier auf 100 Wörter.

Hintergrund
Die eskimo-aleutische Sprachfamilie umfasst eine ganze Reihe von Sprachen, die im Norden Kanadas, Alaska, Sibirien und Grönland gesprochen werden. Die Anzahl der Wörter für Schnee variiert hierbei je nach Einzelsprache. Für die Sprache Yupik zum Beispiel wird eine Zahl von ca. 24 lexikalischen Einheiten angesetzt, die aber teilweise durch Wortbildung aufeinander bezogen sind (wie im Deutschen Schnee und Pulverschnee). Es gibt jedoch keinen Allgemeinbegriff, wie "Schnee", der ausnahmslos alle diese Erscheinungsformen gefrorenen Wassers unter einen Oberbegriff subsumiert (vergleichbar mit dem Fehlen eines nichtzusammengesetzten Oberbegriffs für "Eis" und "Schnee").

Im Grönländischen existieren folgende drei semantische Allgemeinbegriffe (Kategorien), wobei innerhalb des ersten (teils durch ableitende Wortbildung) weiter differenziert werden kann:
 aput "Schnee am Boden" (< api.voq "schneien" + -ut Nomen acti/loci/instrumenti)
 aperlaaq "Neuschnee" (< api.voq + -er.poq Privativ + -laaq Diminutiv)
 aput aqitsoq "loser Schnee" (< aqip.poq "weich" + -toq PPA)
 aput aajuitsoq "Firnschnee" (< aap.poq "schmelzen" + -juip.poq "niemals" + -toq PPA)
 aput qaasinartoq "feuchter Schnee" (< qaas.er.poq "feucht" + -nar.poq Resultativ-Passiv + -toq PPA)
 manngeqqak, manngertaq "Harsch" (< mannger.poq "hart" + -taq PPP)
 qinoq "Schneematsch"
 apusineq "Schneeverwehung, Wächte" (aput + -si.voq "werden zu" + -neq nom.abstr.)
 apussarineq "hoher Schnee" (aput + -sar.poq  hab. + -neq nom.abstr.)
 maagaliornartoq "Tiefschnee" (< maagar.poq "im Schnee einsinken" + -lior.poq "herstellen" + -nar.poq Resultativ-Passiv +-toq PPA)
 qanik "fallender Schnee, Schneeflocken"
 sullarneq "Schneegestöber" (< sullap.poq "mit Schnee gefüllt" + -neq nom.abstr.)

Im Alaska-Yupik finden sich folgende Wörterbucheinträge für "Schnee":
 aniu "Schnee am Boden"
 apun "Schnee am Boden"
 qanikcaq "gefallener Schnee am Boden" (< qanuk "Schneeflocken")
 kanevvluk "leichter Schnee"
 muruaneq "weicher Tiefschnee"
 natquik "Schneewehe"
 nevluk "klebriger Schnee"
 qanisqineq "Schnee auf dem Wasser"
 qetrar "Harsch"
 utvak "Schneeblock"
 navcaq "Schneeverwehung, Wächte"
 nutaryuq "Neuschnee"

Eine solche Anzahl von verschiedenen Bezeichnungen ist angesichts der meteorologischen Erscheinungsformen von Schnee nicht ungewöhnlich (vgl. Schnee#Schneearten). Das Wortfeld Schnee umfasst daher auch in anderen Sprachen etliche Wörter, die aber vor allem im nicht-ländlichen Kontext weniger bekannt sind. Im Deutschen unterscheidet man etwa sowohl nach Alter des Niederschlages – Neuschnee (maximal drei Tage alt) und Altschnee – sowie nach seiner Konsistenz, z. B. Pulverschnee (locker, unter null Grad gefallen), Harsch (überfrorener Pulverschnee), Bruchharsch (eine besonders massive Schicht aus Eisschnee), Pressschnee (an Hängen, meist durch Wind angewehter und verfestigter Schnee),
Pappschnee oder Feuchtschnee, Sulzschnee (nass und schwer), Schneematsch oder Faulschnee (gemischte Konsistenz ohne Zusammenhalt), Griesel (wiederholt gefrorener, körniger Schnee) und Firn (mindestens ein Jahr alt, wiederholt gefroren). Weiter gibt es die Wörter Lawine, Wechte und Schneewehe. Dazu kommen weitere Unterschiede zwischen den schweizerdeutschen und bairischen (und darin eingeschlossen den österreichischen) Dialekten.

Auch das Englische hat mehr als nur ein einziges Lexem für schneebezogene Konzepte (snow, slush, sleet, blizzard und so weiter).

Sämtliche eskimo-aleutischen Sprachen sind polysynthetische Sprachen. Das bedeutet, dass viele Konzepte, die in nicht-polysynthetischen Sprachen nur auf phrasaler Ebene ausgedrückt werden können, in diesen Sprachen via multipler Affigierung durch ein einziges Wort realisiert werden. So gibt es im Deutschen etwa keine andere Möglichkeit, als beispielsweise phrasale Kombinationen wie Schnee, der zu schmelzen begonnen hat zu verwenden, um den gewünschten Inhalt auszudrücken. In eskimo-aleutischen Sprachen kommen solche Einheiten in der Regel als ein einziges, komplexes Wort daher. Die Anzahl der einfachen Wörter für "Schnee" wird dadurch nicht erhöht, solche komplexen Wörter sind immer auf einfache lexikalische Wurzeln zurückführbar, deren Anzahl nicht signifikant höher ist als in anderen Sprachen. Diese Unterschiede sind auf den Sprachtyp zurückzuführen.

Eine große Anzahl an Ausdrucksformen für Schnee bietet die isländische Sprache mit 16 Wortstämmen. So heißt beispielsweise Schneefall "fannkoma", schwerer Schneefall mit großen Flocken bei ruhigem Wetter "hundslappadrífa", Pulverschnee "lausamjöll" und Schneefall bei Wind "ofanbylur".

Die wahrscheinlich umfangreichste Schneeterminologie besitzt das Scots mit 421 Termini, wie snaw "Schnee", sneesl "leicht zu schneien beginnen", feuchter "leichtes Schneien", spitters "kleine Schneeflocken im Wind", skelf, "große Schneeflocke", blin-drift "Schneeverwehung", snaw-pouther "feines Schneetreiben", flindrikin "leichter Schneeschauer", feefle "herumwirbelnder Schnee", snaw-ghast "Erscheinung im Schnee". Zwar schneit es in Schottland nicht besonders viel, aber die Tatsache, dass auch andere Domänen des meteorologischen Vokabulars eine ähnliche Ausprägung aufweisen, scheinen zumindest darauf hinzudeuten, dass in Schottland über Wetter gerne sehr differenziert gesprochen wird.

Literarisches Echo

Ein literarisches Echo fand das Phänomen in Kathrin Passigs Erzählung "Sie befinden sich hier", mit der sie 2006 den Ingeborg-Bachmann-Preis gewann:

Auch in Siegfried Friesekes metalinguistischem Roman GLIBBER bis GRÄZIST (2011) wird auf den modernen Mythos angespielt:

Ebenfalls wurde dieser Irrtum überspitzt, in dem 2013 von K.I.Z veröffentlichten Lied "Ein Affe und ein Pferd", von Tarek als Punchline aufgegriffen und in diesem Kontext als Anspielung auf die Droge Kokain verwendet.

Eine Erwähnung des Mythos findet sich auch in Ulrich Woelks Roman Nacht ohne Engel (2017).

Literatur
 Franz Boas: The Mind of Primitive Man. Macmillan, New York 1911.
 Oliver Ernst, Jan Claas Freienstein, Lina Schaipp: Populäre Irrtümer über Sprache. Philipp Reclam jun, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-15-020238-8, S. 102–129.
 Geoffrey K. Pullum: The great Eskimo Vocabulary Hoax and other irreverent Essays on the Study of Language. Chicago University Press, Chicago 1991, ISBN 0-226-68533-0.
 John Steckley: White Lies About the Inuit. Broadview Press, Peterborough 2008, ISBN 978-1-55111-875-8. ()
 Laura Martin: "Eskimo Words for Snow": A Case Study in the Genesis and Decay of an Anthropological Example. (PDF; 870 kB). In: American Anthropologist. 88(2), 1986, S. 418–423.

Weblinks
 Erklärung von Geoffrey K. Pullum bei Language Log

Einzelnachweise

Schnee
Eskimo-aleutische Sprachen
Lexikologie
Moderne Sage

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