Gardening provides a worthwhile way to spend one's time, but it's also a great way for you to spend money … on great gifts for the gardener in your life!
As the holidays approach, remember that your special someone might secretly be hoping to receive a nifty gardening accessory. Gardeners can always use something new!
And nowadays, there are many non-tool garden gift categories that can make your gardeners hobby more fun, and their garden more inviting.
So, assuming your gardener has all the tools they need, here are some accessories they might love to have!
A backyard can easily be turned into a welcoming habitat for many species of birds. All you need to do is feed 'em, bathe 'em and give 'em a home for the night!
A birdbath is a favorite bird haven, and many, many styles are available. The splashing birds provide entertainment and interest, too.
If an aquarium helps people relax indoors, then the same must be true for an outdoor bird feeder. There's nothing like the feeling you get when you fill a feeder and watch the birds feast, especially on a cold winter day. The better models are squirrel proof, too.
Finally, a birdhouse provides a home for certain birds and a backyard attraction for all.
Hip gardeners are moving away from magic markers and sticks to identify and support their garden plants.Weatherproof garden markers and more decorative planting stakes can be used year after year to identify or tie-up flowers and herbs. Outdoordecor.com features "Planter pets." These are tall ornamental stakes featuring wildlife subjects like frogs or turtles.
Garden plaques are more popular. These unique garden enhancements give a garden an identity all its own (a favorite is "Welcome to my Garden").
Stepping-stones add a stylish, welcoming touch to a garden walkway, and can also be used as decorative wall plaques. Today's poly-resin materials are very lightweight, for easy installation and decorative durability.
Lanterns or torches add a soft glow of romance and mystery to nighttime surroundings, and make the night worth waiting for.
A portable watering cart is a hot gardening accessory. A tank can hold 3 or more gallons, and moves easily between the garden rows. No more wrestling with clumsy hoses!
A quality potting bench is an "ultimate" gift for someone who does lots of repotting. A potting bench will hold all potting accessories, and provide a convenient, ample work surface.
Planters do more than hold flowers. They can be attractive conversation pieces too. Some planters feature garden critters, or you can go more conservative with an English-style box planter.
Tool carts are handy and convenient way to move supplies from one location to another. Eliminate juggling multiple items around the yard!
Weather monitoring has come a long way from the basic mercury thermometer. With digital technology, anyone can have their own "weather station." One model we looked at included a self-emptying rain gauge, outdoor temperature/humidity sensor; anemometer for monitoring wind speed and direction; plus a digital clock/calendar/alarm.


text:
The Aesthetics of Thomas Aquinas
Jahsonic (Talk | contribs)
← Previous diff Revision as of 22:01, 6 March 2011
''Il problema estetico in San Tommaso'' (1956 - English translation: ''[[The Aesthetics of Thomas Aquinas]]'', 1988, Revised) is a book by [[Umberto Eco]]. ''Il problema estetico in San Tommaso'' (1956 - English translation: ''[[The Aesthetics of Thomas Aquinas]]'', 1988, Revised) is a book by [[Umberto Eco]].
+ Product description
+ :The well-known Italian semiotician and novelist Umberto Eco discloses for the first time to English-speaking readers the unsuspected richness, breadth, complexity, and originality of the [[aesthetic]] theories advanced by the influential medieval thinker [[Thomas Aquinas]], heretofore known principally as a scholastic theologian. Inheriting his basic ideas and conceptions of art and beauty from the classical world, Aquinas transformed or modified these ideas in the light of [[Christian theology]] and of developments in metaphysics and optics during the thirteenth century.
+ :Setting the stage with an account of the vivid aesthetic and artistic sensibility that flourished in medieval times, Eco examines Aquinas's conception of transcendental beauty, his theory of aesthetic perception or [[visio]], and his account of the three conditions of beauty--integrity, proportion, and clarity--that, centuries later, emerged again in the writings of the young [[James Joyce]]. He examines the concrete application of these theories in Aquinas's reflections on God, mankind, music, poetry, and scripture. He discusses Aquinas's views on art and compares his poetics with [[Dante]]'s. In a final chapter added to the second Italian edition, Eco examines how Aquinas's aesthetics came to be absorbed and superseded in late medieval times and draws instructive parallels between Thomistic methodology and contemporary structuralism. As the only book-length treatment of Aquinas's aesthetics available in English, this volume should interest philosophers, medievalists, historians, critics, and anyone involved in poetics, aesthetics, or the history of ideas.
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}
Il problema estetico in San Tommaso (1956 - English translation: The Aesthetics of Thomas Aquinas, 1988, Revised) is a book by Umberto Eco.
The well-known Italian semiotician and novelist Umberto Eco discloses for the first time to English-speaking readers the unsuspected richness, breadth, complexity, and originality of the aesthetic theories advanced by the influential medieval thinker Thomas Aquinas, heretofore known principally as a scholastic theologian. Inheriting his basic ideas and conceptions of art and beauty from the classical world, Aquinas transformed or modified these ideas in the light of Christian theology and of developments in metaphysics and optics during the thirteenth century.
Setting the stage with an account of the vivid aesthetic and artistic sensibility that flourished in medieval times, Eco examines Aquinas's conception of transcendental beauty, his theory of aesthetic perception or visio, and his account of the three conditions of beauty--integrity, proportion, and clarity--that, centuries later, emerged again in the writings of the young James Joyce. He examines the concrete application of these theories in Aquinas's reflections on God, mankind, music, poetry, and scripture. He discusses Aquinas's views on art and compares his poetics with Dante's. In a final chapter added to the second Italian edition, Eco examines how Aquinas's aesthetics came to be absorbed and superseded in late medieval times and draws instructive parallels between Thomistic methodology and contemporary structuralism. As the only book-length treatment of Aquinas's aesthetics available in English, this volume should interest philosophers, medievalists, historians, critics, and anyone involved in poetics, aesthetics, or the history of ideas.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "The Aesthetics of Thomas Aquinas" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on original research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
Retrieved from "http://artandpopularculture.com/The_Aesthetics_of_Thomas_Aquinas"

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Supporting the military can get you a car for a week plus a tank of gas!
I got a call from GM about this program and thought, hey, this is kinda cool, so I am going to pass it along to you. General Motors is recognizing local Illinois heroes by giving away complimentary week-long vehicle loan with a special "hero" package through the Our Town, Our Heroes program.
GM wants you, residents of the Land of Lincoln to recognize the military personnel, families, supporters, veterans and volunteers who continue to inspire by nominating them for the General Motors' Our Town, Our Heroes program. For an official nomination form, click here.
From their official Web site:
The word "hero" is virtually synonymous with our troops. Nearly all Americans know someone in the military who has left his or her neighborhood to serve under the red, white and blue. Military heroes are not only those in combat boots, but also include a mom raising her kids while dad is deployed overseas, the leader of a school group who organizes care packages to send abroad or a retired military officer who continues to volunteer in his community.
We celebrated the day of America's Independence on July 4th, and now we want to continue the celebration of patriotism by recognizing YOUR Illinois military heroes. Tell us the story of the military personnel, families, supporters, veterans and volunteers who inspire you and nominate them for the Our Town, Our Heroes program.
The winning hero, and his or her nominator, will receive a one-week loan of an all-new Chevrolet, Buick, GMC or Cadillac vehicle, not to mention a special Hero package filled with other surprises. So tell us about your town's heroes.
The deadline to submit nominations for this round is July 21st.
What I like about this program is that they get that without hometown support, our GIs aren't as capable and strong. Not saying at all that flag waving or stocking stuffing is the same thing as pulling the trigger on an M4 or walking a patrol, but you get the idea. So if you know someone who really cares about our boys in green or tan or blue or whatever, click on the link. You could get driving a 'Vette for a week. That would be fun though myself, I'd go for a Camaro. Yellow. My son, 5, would think it's Bumblebee from the Transformers.
Author Andy KravetzPosted on July 13, 2011 July 14, 2011 Categories HomefrontTags homefrontLeave a comment on Supporting the military can get you a car for a week plus a tank of gas!
The Nice Section
From hometown news releases:
Air Nationa l Guard Airman 1st Class James C. Garber graduated from basic military training at Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas.
The airman completed an intensive, eight-week program that included training in military discipline and studies, Air Force core values, physical fitness, and basic warfare principles and skills.
Airmen who complete basic training earn four credits toward an associate in applied science degree through the Community College of the Air Force.
He is the son of James Garber of Banta Road, Lowpoint, and brother of Josie Ehrat of West Farmington Road in Trivoli
Author Andy KravetzPosted on July 13, 2011 Categories Homefront, The nice sectionTags nice sectionLeave a comment on The Nice Section


Continuing with our topic, Roman Adventure, we were lucky to have been able to receive a visit from a representative from Tunbridge Wells Museum who brought a number of genuine roman artefacts for us to see. It was fascinating for the children to be able to actually handle mosaics and pots that were 2000 years old! There was also a very rare piece of early Roman glass.


Yes, the (D)emocrats have declared they will not lose gracefully. In fact they have declared they will not lose, even if you vote Bush to victory. You think we have too many lawyers? Do you really want a trial lawyer chasing ambulances around Pennsylvania Avenue?
Yes, Nickelodeon declares Kerry the winner, but some statisticians say Bush has it, and those nescient electoral votes have taken a turn from yesterday. Though Kerry is still ahead, it seems to be a bit closer.
Whoever wins, we are all best served if it is over when the election ends, not when the lawyers are done fighting.


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Book by G. John Ikenberry Named Among 'Best of the Year' by Foreign Affairs
A book written by international relations theorist G. John Ikenberry has been named among Foreign Affairs' "Best of the Year." It was also a finalist…
Book by Harold James Named to Financial Times' Best Books of 2021: Politics List
A book authored by historian Harold James has been named to the Financial Times' Best Books of 2021: Politics list.
Endnotes: Indebted Societies (Andreas Wiedemann)
Whether it be earning a college degree, buying a house, or addressing income shortfalls, access to credit is essential for many people's well-being…
How the Pandemic Could Erase Decades of Progress for Women in the Workforce
Big Tobacco, Racial Marketing, and the Untold Story of the Menthol Cigarette (Keith Wailoo)
"I can't breathe." Those were George Floyd's final words before he was murdered by police in Minneapolis — just outside a store known for being the …
Mas, Mian Elected Fellows of the Econometric Society
Two Princeton University faculty members are among the 51 new fellows elected to The Econometric Society (ES).
A fund offered through Princeton University's School of Public and International Affairs will support creative, interdisciplinary research projects…
Mummolo Receives Microsoft Funding for Police Body-Worn Camera Project
Microsoft has awarded $250,000 in funding to professor Jonathan Mummolo and a team of fellow social scientists to fund the development of a novel…
Princeton Researchers Awarded Funding for Cross-Disciplinary Education Research Projects
Researchers based at Princeton University will receive funding from the Overdeck Innovation Fund to work on innovative, cross-disciplinary education…


We celebrate the 100th anniversary of the birth of George Dantzig today. In his obituary post we talked about his work on optimization, particularly the simplex method for solving linear programs.
For this centenary let's recall the urban legend of the famous mathematician (I heard it as John von Neumann) who as a student wasn't paying close attention in class. The professor wrote down four of the major open problems in the field. von Neumann wrote them down thinking they were homework problems. The next day he went back to the professor, ashamed that he could only solve two of them.
In 1939, Dantzig resumed his studies at the University of California at Berkeley, studying statistics under mathematician Jerzy Neyman. An incident during his first year at Berkeley became a math-world legend.
As Dr. Dantzig recalled years later, he arrived late for class one day and saw two problems on the blackboard that he assumed were homework assignments. He copied them down, took them home and solved them after a few days. "The problems seemed to be a little harder to do than usual," he said.
What were these problems? If they were indeed "two of the most famous unsolved problems in statistics," surely he must have subsequently published them, possibly jointly with Neyman. Anyone has the references?
Anon, you should check out this website, Google. You can find all kinds of information on it. For example, this web page, with the full story, including how it became an urban legend, quotes from Dantzig, and references to the two papers in Annals of Mathematical Statistics http://www.snopes.com/college/homework/unsolvable.asp.
I have heard a similar story about Ketan Mulmuley and Dana Scott. Scott hands over a list of unsolved problems to Mulmuley, who's seeking a thesis topic, saying if he solves any, a thesis is assured. Mulmuley returns a few of weeks later with solutions to a couple of these problems. Not sure the extent to which the story is true or is an urban legend.


A netblock is a range of consecutive IP addresses, for instance: 196.25.0.0-196.25.255.255. Netblocks are sometimes displayed in Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation. For instance, 196.25.0.0-196.25.255.255 is 196.25.0.0/16.


Can I have two different phone numbers with TekTalk?
Yes, you can have two different numbers with TekTalk! You can even run them both through the same ATA!
This is an advanced feature which may require significant manual configuration of the device for the 2nd line. If your ATA was purchased from us, please contact us for assistance or click here if you have a Grandstream HT502. If your ATA was purchased from a third party, please contact their support line for information on how to set it up with multiple lines.


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Q: Running a process with nobody user with gosu I am trying to run a process with nobody user in Linux, currently this is being run as a root user but since this process doesn't require the root access so I want to use nobody with gosu. The problem is even after activating the nobody user and running the process with that, when I do " ps aux" it shows that all processes are being run by root. Do I need to do something more after activating the nobody user to make it possible to run the process. The process I am trying to run with nobody is rails s -b 0.0.0.0
Below is my dockerfile
FROM ruby:3.0.1
EXPOSE $PORT
WORKDIR /srv
COPY Gemfile Gemfile.lock /srv/
COPY . /srv
RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y build-essential iproute2 libpq-dev nodejs && apt-
get clean && bundle install --no-cache

#activating the nobody user account
RUN chsh -s /bin/bash nobody

RUN set -eux; \
    apt-get install -y gosu; \
    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \
    gosu nobody true
COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /
RUN chmod +x /docker-entrypoint.sh
ENTRYPOINT ["/docker-entrypoint.sh"]
CMD ["server"]

Here is the docker-entrypoint.sh
#!/bin/sh
export BASH_SHELL=$(cat /etc/shells | grep /bash)
export ASH_SHELL=$(cat /etc/shells | grep /ash)
#Setting available Shell to $SHELL_PROFILE
if [ -n "$BASH_SHELL" ];
then
 SHELL_PROFILE=$BASH_SHELL
elif [ -n "$ASH_SHELL" ];
then
  SHELL_PROFILE=$ASH_SHELL
else
  SHELL_PROFILE=sh
fi
rm -f tmp/pids/puma.5070.pid tmp/pids/server.pid

XRAY_ADDRESS="$(ip route | grep default | cut -d ' ' -f 3):2000"
export AWS_XRAY_DAEMON_ADDRESS=$XRAY_ADDRESS
echo "export AWS_XRAY_DAEMON_ADDRESS=$XRAY_ADDRESS" >> /root/.bashrc

case "$*" in
  shell)
    exec $SHELL_PROFILE
    ;;
  server)

    # gosu command to run rails s -b 0.0.0.0 process as nobody user
    gosu nobody:nogroup bundle exec rails s -b 0.0.0.0
    ;;
  *)
    exec $@
    ;;
esac

A: Don't bother installing gosu or another tool; just set your Docker image to run as the nobody user (or some other non-root user).  Do this at the very end of your Dockerfile, where you otherwise declare the CMD.
# Don't install gosu or "activate a user"; but instead
USER nobody
ENTRYPOINT ["/docker-entrypoint.sh"]
CMD ["rails", "server", "-b", "0.0.0.0"]

In turn, that means you can remove the gosu invocation from the entrypoint script.  I might remove most of it and trim it down to
#!/bin/sh

# Clean up stale pid files
rm -f tmp/pids/*.pid

# (Should this environment variable be set via `docker run`?)
export AWS_XRAY_DAEMON_ADDRESS="$(ip route | grep default | cut -d ' ' -f 3):2000"

# Run whatever the provided command was, in a Bundler context
exec bundle exec "$@"

If you need an interactive shell to debug the image, you can docker run --rm -it the-image bash which works on many images (provided they (a) honor CMD and (b) have bash installed); you don't need a special shell artificial command and you don't need to detect what's installed in the (fixed) image.

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Recipe was first seen onhttp://www.yourhomebasedmom.com/30-minute-rolls/ .
Diana Gale has also shared the recipe (40mins bread roll) on her blog and on CK FB.
I converted to metrics measurements as I find it more accurate this way.
* 1. I did not use mixer but hand kneaded for the entire process. As I was knead, I added more flour as it's a bit sticky. Just knead till smooth (I took about 5mins), no need window panel stage.
2. Divide the dough into 80g x 8pcs and place in a greased tube pan (23 or 25cm diameter). Remaining, divide into 3 equals part and place in a small loaf tin or may bake into buns.
*Note: I used redman yeast, it yields a yeasty smell. Perhaps can try to avoid that brand.
Overall, this recipe produce a very soft bread and very easy to do.


If you want to know about physics so it is not easy to study correct psychic. There are tons of phony ers that faux they are genuine psychic er, but they all are not genuine.
If you want to know about physics so it is not easy to study correct psychic. There are tons of phony ers that faux they are genuine psychic er, but they all are not genuine. The reason behind that they get information from internet and make fool to the other people. Most of the psychics give some fees or cost to and give assure that their predictions are always right.
However, not all visit the up coming post are on the mark. More often than not, they wind up discovering subjects that might not have any importance for you. To ensure you get the best psychic studying possible, it's essential to check your anticipations and communicate with your psychic during your studying.
Dress well and look prosperous. Wealth is more important to women than height or appears to be like. This is one thing that both short women and tall ladies have in wide-spread. Expect tall models to have higher financial expectations out that face men. Since your goal is to tall models, dress extra sharp.
Predictions will give us time to change before we face a lot more situation. But as always in all varieties of life situations, forewarned is forearmed. Readers can go for information which predicts a health problem love psychics for human being can. They should always pass this message on in a kind way not scare customer.
The major advantage of love psychic readings is that you just not can just learn about this follies furthermore solutions that are going to make you steadily a champion inside your relationship. The observations were created on the minor issues in your which others would have skipped by, but not these experienced. Tarot cards is one of several of psychic readings. Tarot cards might the psychics understand and solve using and provide emotional fulfillment to the clients. The love psychic readings end up being best for you to see your relations precisely. You would get replies a lot of questions possess been hampered your mental calm.
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Many people use Online Psychics these days for all sorts of reasons. Occasionally individuals are just lonely and want someone to listen to them. Other people may want specific answers to specific questions. It doesn't make a difference what you want to inquire an online psychic as you can speak about what you want and they will pay attention and then give you their input on issues. It is one of the most common methods of getting a psychic reading and you can chat with a real person and arrive absent feeling a great deal more good.
Career consultation is also one reasons why men business women go for psychic readings. Which career path should I take? Individuals who are confused relating to career often ask for the help from a psychic. Even those that don't have permanent job are asking the reader if they'll be able to land from a good and stable occupation. The psychic reader may not give them an exact answer, but at least, he or she will have a way to guide them of their career making decisions.
Who else is thinking about calling an online psychic service? Are you curious what all the fuss is about..or simply require some great guidance to assist with a significant lifestyle choice? The simple reality is that a great psychic studying can be an simple, inexpensive and Extremely impactful way to help make important choices, and if you know WHICH solutions to choose, is almost Always an entertaining encounter to boot!
It depends on exactly where you go..or who you contact! The reality? My Very best reading ever (and I've had hundreds) was a adore psychic, and it price me just about 20 bucks. If you don't know what you're performing..you can also spend hundreds, or even 1000's of dollars on a love visit the up coming post. (although I wouldn't suggest it) The sincere to goodness truth is that you CAN get a fantastic adore studying for under thirty or 40 bucks if you know exactly where to appear, and often get the exact same "nudge" you need for a bargain basement price.
Being nervous and excited when going for a psychic studying is apparent. If you are heading via any kind of tension or issue, this anxiousness raises. This is all-natural and comes below human character. Psychics are also aware of this and so they give sometime to the person looking for advice to calm down and get acquainted with the atmosphere so that he can effortlessly and much more easily ask questions and get satisfactory solutions as well. visit the up coming post are useful also when the person believes in all this and asks the correct query in the right way.
I informed her to get out of my space where she was having to pay a extremely cheap price to talk to me and arrive back into my free space so we could attempt function out this issue. Which she duly and most immediately did.
Brief description: If you want to know about physics so it is not easy to study correct psychic. There are tons of phony ers that faux they are genuine psychic er, but they all are not genuine.


text:
Home>All About Books>Rubble and Repression: An Intimate Look at Germany in the Decade After Hitler
Rubble and Repression: An Intimate Look at Germany in the Decade After Hitler
January 9, 2022 120
It was a startling disappearing act, one for the ages. Right at the moment when Hitler killed himself in his bunker on April 30, 1945, Germany was magically transformed from a genocidal Reich to a place where there were barely any Nazis to be found.
"No one was a Nazi," the journalist Martha Gellhorn wrote about the end of World War II in Europe, mordantly recalling how all the Germans she met insisted they had hidden a Communist or were secretly half-Jewish. The photojournalist Margaret Bourke-White heard the phrase "We didn't know!" with such "monotonous frequency" that it sounded "like a kind of national chant for Germany."
In "Aftermath: Life in the Fallout of the Third Reich, 1945-1955," the Berlin-based journalist Harald Jähner is similarly skeptical, describing how the majority of surviving Germans were so preoccupied with their own suffering that the dominant mood was one of self-pity. "They saw themselves as the victims," he writes, "and thus had the dubious good fortune of not having to think about the real ones."
The pointedness of this sentence is quintessential Jähner; he does double duty in this fascinating book (translated into English by the gifted Shaun Whiteside), elegantly marshaling a plethora of facts while also using his critical skills to wry effect, parsing a country's stubborn inclination toward willful delusion. Even though "Aftermath" covers historical ground, its narrative is intimate, filled with first-person accounts from articles and diaries. The original German title was "Wolfszeit," or "Time of the Wolf." The postwar Germans were fond of animal metaphors. Those who stockpiled supplies were "hamsters," while those who stole from the hamsters were "hyenas." One could never be sure what the wolf was up to, "since the 'lone wolf' had just as frightening a reputation as the whole pack," Jähner writes.
This duality between the loner and the group reflected the postwar emergence of the apathetic Everyman known as Ohnemichel, a play on the name Michael and the German words for "without" and "me," a figure whose solitary inwardness was like the flip side of the Nazi Volksgemeinschaft, or "people's community." It was as if the country had lurched from one extreme to the other, from collective euphoria to lonesome despair. The nonaggressive Germany of today, which hosts more than a million refugees, seemed unimaginable at the time. As Jähner puts it, "How could a nation that perpetrated the Holocaust become a dependable democratic country" — so dependable that it gets caricatured as a "paradise of mediocrity"? Considering all the chaos in the years after the war, boredom might be seen as a formidable achievement.
Jähner sets out to tell the tumultuous story of the postwar decade in all of its contradictions, conveying the breadth of experiences amid the "extreme challenges" the German people faced. With their defeat, "laws had been overruled," he writes, "yet no one was responsible for anything." A recent book by Volker Ullrich, "Eight Days in May," minutely chronicled what happened in the days between Hitler's suicide and the Wehrmacht's unconditional surrender on May 8, 1945, pointing out that most Germans didn't consider it a day of liberation but "an unprecedented catastrophe." Jähner's "Aftermath" gets going where Ullrich's epilogue leaves off, with the Germans assiduously avoiding any reckoning with what the Nazi regime had done in their name, devoting themselves instead to clearing the rubble with what Ullrich aptly described as "grim diligence."
Jähner gives over an entire chapter to the rubble, which was everywhere; not only was it an overwhelming physical fact, but it also made for a potent cultural symbol. There were Trümmerfilme ("rubble films") and Trümmerliteratur ("rubble literature"); the women known as Trümmerfrauen would be retrospectively remembered as "mythical heroines," Jähner writes. Even though any number of those women had been pressed into service as punishment for their Nazi pasts, the photographs of them in their aprons and kerchiefs, surrounded by ruins to be painstakingly removed with their shovels, were appealing and ultimately useful, offering "an excellent visual metaphor for the sense of solidarity that the broken-down German society urgently needed."
The Trümmerfrauen also happened to reflect the country's postwar demographic reality: In 1950, there were 1,362 women for every 1,000 men. The soldiers who did return were often maimed or psychologically destroyed. During the war, women drove trams and operated bulldozers; they learned that cities didn't need men in order to function. Jähner tells us that the men's consequent feelings of humiliation often weighed more heavily on their psyches than the war crimes they committed. He quotes one returning soldier complaining that his wife "had learned to say 'I' while I had been away." The Germans who married in haste, during short leaves after early victories on the front, were haunted by memories of "the Nazi regime's heyday," Jähner writes. "Those grandiose fantasies still echoed as man and wife now sat facing one another in their new squalor."
"Aftermath" wends its way through sex, love and modern art; the book also covers more straightforward political terrain like the repatriation of displaced persons and the official division of East and West in 1949. Jähner inevitably explores the postwar economic situation, too, showing how strictly controlled ration cards yielded a flourishing black market. People stole from their neighbors and helped each other out. "Morality didn't just dissolve," Jähner writes. "It adapted." Cologne's Cardinal Josef Frings felt moved to tell Germans that they could put the commandment of "thou shalt not steal" into perspective; they could take what they needed in order to survive. The German language adjusted accordingly, with people calling theft Fringsing, as in "I Fringsed the potatoes." Even Cardinal Frings was eventually caught Fringsing; the British found that Cologne's churches were full of illegally stored coal.
Jähner trains his focus on such details because it's through them that so much of the real transformation in postwar Germany first came about. If anyone deserved punishment and retribution, it was the Germans after the war — Jähner unsparingly points to the tendency of many to indulge "so expansively in their own suffering," to reach for stock platitudes that made it possible for "even the most devoted Hitler-worshippers to feel duped rather than guilty."
But top-down attempts by the Allies to "re-educate" the Germans into recognizing what they had done could only go so far with a populace that averted its gaze; the creation of civil society required a "change of mentality" that emerged when people were forced in their everyday lives to confront the reality before them. A robust economic recovery in both the East and the West was a boon, Jähner says, but such "good fortune" had "nothing to do with historical justice."
Germany's current self-image as a country that has wholly come to terms with its past might be, this book suggests, a bit of wishful thinking. "How stable and open to discussion German democracy really is has not yet been put to the test in a truly existential crisis," Jähner writes. He ends by quoting the philosopher Karl Jaspers, who in 1946 warned against the blind spots that were so tempting to cultivate: "Let us actually seek out that which contradicts us."
An Illustrated History of Bad Art Friends
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JIM HARRISONComplete PoemsEdited by Joseph BednarikA lot of people know Jim Harrison's fiction, and there's a lot of it to
Book News: Some school librarians fed up with book bans are organizing and fighting back
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Book Review: Is That Your Final Answer? – Independent Book Review


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Two Takes: UnREAL "Casualty"
Team TV Goodness, July 13, 2016
How do you react after you've experienced a trauma? For everyone it's different. But on Lifetime's UnREAL, when you have a history of instability, your bosses claim to care for you but are convincing you to bury it and you still have a job to do, the answer is probably…
Two Takes: UnREAL "Infiltration"
Team TV Goodness, July 6, 2016
Things move oh so quickly on Lifetime's UnREAL. The dynamic duo of Rachel and Coleman seemingly had the upper hand. Until Quinn took over. Forget about Chet's "you're the love of my life" mantra kick he's on. Who needs that pathetic soul when a billionaire media mogul enters the picture?
Two Takes: UnREAL "Treason"
Team TV Goodness, June 27, 2016
Paralysis is no joke. It's not something to mess with. Ever. Unless, of course, you're on a hit reality TV show and then, as they say, the show must go on. And go on it does.
Two Takes: UnREAL "Guerilla"
One of the things both Rachel and Quinn specialize in on Lifetime's UnREAL: head games. They know how to manipulate. They know how to position the girls against each other. They know how to make sure everybody before them bends to their wills including the Suitor, the behind-the-scenes crew, and…
Two Takes: UnREAL "Insurgent"
Everlasting Spring Break Party or Soulmate Love Search — what over the top insanity do Everlasting viewers want more?! That was the question this week and now that Chet and Quinn are pitted against one another, it's time for everyone to choose sides. Let the best man (or woman) win!
Two Takes: UnREAL "War"
Team TV Goodness, June 6, 2016
UnREAL's Quinn and Rachel start the second season at the top of their game. Quinn is the new Chet. Rachel is the new Quinn. The daring duo are even sporting new matching mantra tattoos.
Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. "Heavy is the Head"
Tobey Jeffery-Greer, October 3, 2014
I'm not entirely sure what the title of this week's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D episode is referring to. Which head is heavy? Carl Creel's (Brian Patrick Wade, The Big Bang Theory) because it can turn into any material? Phil Coulson's (Clark Gregg) because of all his responsibilities and the fact his…
Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Season Premiere Preview: "Shadows" [VIDEO and PHOTOS + Clark Gregg Interview]
Kara Howland, September 22, 2014
Warning: Spoilers Ahead Director Coulson. It does have a nice ring to it, doesn't it? And he's got a momentous job ahead of him. Not only does Coulson have to rebuild S.H.I.E.L.D., but the team are wanted fugitives with no resources. And no one trusts them. So, where does that leave…
Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. "End of the Beginning"
Tobey Jeffery-Greer, April 3, 2014
Why, SHIELD, why? Why did you take this long to get this good? Is it because Captain America: The Winter Soldier is coming out on Friday? It's because The Winter Soldier is coming out on Friday, isn't it? Something about TWS is going to affect SHIELD world, and you have…


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25 Jan 2008 – 17 Feb 2008
Kate MacGarry Gallery
27 Old Nichol Street
E2 7HR
8, 26, 47, 48, 55, 78, 149, 242, 243, 388
Shoreditch High Street / Liverpool Street / Old Street
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A New Line - a selection of films by Chicks On Speed
Chicks on Speed's video work explores different aspects of fashion and subjectivity. The group look at clothing as performance, dressing-up and dressing down as daily rituals. Working within and against a tradition of feminist video art, Chicks on Speed simultaneously carry forward the political challenge set down by the movement and lovingly parody the genre.
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text:
/* Generated by ./xlat/gen.sh from ./xlat/sysctl_net.in; do not edit. */

static const struct xlat sysctl_net[] = {
#if defined(NET_CORE) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_CORE) && HAVE_DECL_NET_CORE)
 XLAT(NET_CORE),
#endif
#if defined(NET_ETHER) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_ETHER) && HAVE_DECL_NET_ETHER)
 XLAT(NET_ETHER),
#endif
#if defined(NET_802) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_802) && HAVE_DECL_NET_802)
 XLAT(NET_802),
#endif
#if defined(NET_UNIX) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_UNIX) && HAVE_DECL_NET_UNIX)
 XLAT(NET_UNIX),
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#if defined(NET_IPV4) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_IPV4) && HAVE_DECL_NET_IPV4)
 XLAT(NET_IPV4),
#endif
#if defined(NET_IPX) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_IPX) && HAVE_DECL_NET_IPX)
 XLAT(NET_IPX),
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#if defined(NET_ATALK) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_ATALK) && HAVE_DECL_NET_ATALK)
 XLAT(NET_ATALK),
#endif
#if defined(NET_NETROM) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_NETROM) && HAVE_DECL_NET_NETROM)
 XLAT(NET_NETROM),
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#if defined(NET_AX25) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_AX25) && HAVE_DECL_NET_AX25)
 XLAT(NET_AX25),
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#if defined(NET_BRIDGE) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_BRIDGE) && HAVE_DECL_NET_BRIDGE)
 XLAT(NET_BRIDGE),
#endif
#if defined(NET_ROSE) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_ROSE) && HAVE_DECL_NET_ROSE)
 XLAT(NET_ROSE),
#endif
#if defined(NET_IPV6) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_IPV6) && HAVE_DECL_NET_IPV6)
 XLAT(NET_IPV6),
#endif
#if defined(NET_X25) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_X25) && HAVE_DECL_NET_X25)
 XLAT(NET_X25),
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#if defined(NET_TR) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_TR) && HAVE_DECL_NET_TR)
 XLAT(NET_TR),
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#if defined(NET_DECNET) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_DECNET) && HAVE_DECL_NET_DECNET)
 XLAT(NET_DECNET),
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#if defined(NET_ECONET) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_ECONET) && HAVE_DECL_NET_ECONET)
 XLAT(NET_ECONET),
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#if defined(NET_SCTP) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_SCTP) && HAVE_DECL_NET_SCTP)
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#if defined(NET_LLC) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_LLC) && HAVE_DECL_NET_LLC)
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#if defined(NET_NETFILTER) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_NETFILTER) && HAVE_DECL_NET_NETFILTER)
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#if defined(NET_DCCP) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_DCCP) && HAVE_DECL_NET_DCCP)
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#if defined(NET_IRDA) || (defined(HAVE_DECL_NET_IRDA) && HAVE_DECL_NET_IRDA)
 XLAT(NET_IRDA),
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};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


friends traveling together on a golf holiday, or couples on a romantic getaway. When walking into one of our one, two, or three bedroom condos, your first impression of the accommodations is one of spaciousness and light. Tastefully decorated in luxurious southwestern style, each condo is uniquely accented by the work of local artisans. The modern design of each suite provides open areas for socializing and dining as well as privacy for getting a good nights sleep.


Runshaw College has a proud tradition of academic excellence and providing outstanding education and training in South Ribble and Chorley.
If you have any questions or queries please get in contact with us - we'd love to hear from you.
Policies covering Access to Information, Fees, Equality and Diversity, IT Access, Usage and Online Safety, Recruitment and Selection, Safeguarding and our website terms and conditions.


For most people, a home is the most significant asset they own. Properly insuring that asset is critical to protecting your family's financial well-being as well as the belongings that take years to make a house a home. HM helps our clients find the proper insurance coverage to make sure your goals are met and to know you're protected.
Personal Liability Limit options – $300,000, $500,000 up to $1,000,000.
Medical payments to others – up to $10,000.
Cash Settlement option – available.
Identity Theft / Kidnap Ransom – available.
Contents – 0% up to a 100% of the dwelling amount (depending on the carriers and each state).
Other permanent structures – 10% to 20% of the dwelling amount for other structures coverage.
Additions and alterations – a single limit for Additions & Alterations and Contents coverage can be offered.
Business property – covered loss to business property owned or leased at a particular residence. Optional limits are available.
Earthquake Coverage – coverage can be purchased to cover losses to dwellings contents or other permanent structures (this coverage can be subject to underwriting discretion).
Earthquake Coverage Extension for Loss Assessment – Provides Earthquake coverage for Loss Assessment claims.
Each insurance carrier we represent offers a variance of coverage and eligibility requirements may apply to these coverages.


We've hired three new researchers!
We have hired three new researchers for our Scene / Asia project. Haruka Iharada is an assistant professor at Tokyo Arts University Graduate School of Global Arts. She is a specialist in Asian art and activism, most specifically, with regard to activities in Okinawa. Mika Eglinton is an associate professor at Kobe City University of Foreign Studies. As well as being a Shakespeare specialist, she strenuously continues Asian research by participating in research groups such as Asian Shakespeare Intercultural Archive and Asia Women's Performing Arts Collective. Kenichiro Egami is an anthropologist who has a Masters degree from Goldsmiths, University of London Anthropology and Cultural Politics Course. He now resides in Fukuoka and continues his life-long research on Asia, alongside co-running an alternative art space called Tetra. We are hugely excited to welcome the extremely talented members to our team!
The Scene / Asia website relaunched on February 29th, 2016. Most of the content is currently only available in Japanese, but articles will be translated into Chinese, Korean and English in the coming weeks!
The first annual symposium of Scene / Asia, titled 'Trans-forming Scenes: Reconstituting Democracy' has been held at SHIBAURA HOUSE, Japan on 16 February 2016. The content of the symposium will be reported on the website soon!


Petoskey greets you with a wide choice of dining options. Enjoy a fine gourmet restaurant or a casual easy-going setting. Whatever kind of food you're in the mood for, you'll find it here served with a smile. Several of the restaurants offer water views that are nearly as incredible as the food.


Designed for broadcasters and A/V professionals, Blackmagic Design's ATEM Television Studio Pro HD Live Production Switcher is an 8-input live production switcher with integrated control panel. Four of each HDMI and SDI inputs are available on the rear of the chassis, with both sets of inputs supporting SD and HD resolution from both professional and consumer cameras. The relatively small chassis fits in a standard equipment rack, allowing it to be installed on a sliding rack shelf or packed into a "fly-away-kit" for use on location.
The control surface is replete with control buttons, knobs, and a fader bar. All this enables selecting camera inputs and controlling transitions, keyers, settings, and the DVE. Inputs and outputs are located on the rear of the unit. PGM output is available via SDI while multiview can be sent via SDI or HDMI. An AUX output lets you send video to an external display, which is great for live events with a projection setup. Four of the SDI outputs have embedded talkback audio for studio setups.
· Cut: When you press the cut button, ATEM instantly changes from your current program source to the preview source. Cuts can be performed by directly selecting sources or by pressing the cut button to switch to the next source on the preview bus.
· Mix: The mix, or dissolve transition, gradually transitions from one source to the next by creating a smooth blend. You can set custom timings to manually blend the transition.
· Dip: Just like mix transitions, a dip transition is a gradual blend that includes either a solid color, graphic, or another clip between the two video sources. Dips to black or white between sources are the most popular, or you can use logos or sponsor graphics.
· Wipe: ATEM Television Studio Pro HD has built-in wipe patterns. Choose from circles, diamonds, squares, and more. Shapes and patterns can be inverted, softened, or even have customized colored borders. You can even insert live video into the borders for further customization.
· DVE: With the powerful built-in Digital Video Effects processor, or DVE, you can push, spin, squeeze, or swoosh your live video from one camera to the next with incredible built-in transitions. DVE transitions can be flip-flopped and reversed, giving you even more transition options. With 35 built-in preprogrammed moves, you can get started with advanced transitions. Graphic wipes can also be created by combining a DVE transition with a logo created in Photoshop.
Layer live video over other video sources or graphics with the Upstream Keyer. You can use luma key, linear key, pattern key, or shoot against a green screen and use chroma key to instantly composite the video over virtual sets.
· Luma key: Luma keys are sometimes known as "self" keys because the same video source is used for cutting the key and overlaying the video image. Luma keys work best with high-contrast images, like white elements on a black background, so you can use the contrast to cut the black background and replace it with live video or graphics.
· Linear key: Get clean, high-quality results with linear keying by using two separate sources for the fill and the key to create one video image. The fill signal contains the video to be stacked over the background, while the key signal contains a grayscale mask to cut out, or mask, the area to be filled.
· Chroma key: Used every day for TV weather forecasts, chroma keys are a powerful way of combining live images together in real time. The presenter typically stands in front of a green or blue background and the chroma keyer will remove only that color and combine it with another image, such as a video or graphic.
· Pattern key: Combine live images with any of the 18 built-in wipe patterns to combine live images or graphics with geometric shapes. You get full control over softness, symmetry, size, and position to create unique picture-in-picture effects that can be transitioned to as easily as any live source.
The ATEM Television Studio Pro HD includes two downstream keyers, so you can add high-quality graphics like logos, bugs, and titles from the built-in media players over the live "on air" program output. Downstream keyers are the last layers of keying, so they overlay all video switched to the main program output.
To automate complex sequences of precisely timed actions on your ATEM switcher, you can now create powerful shortcuts called macros. Record a sequence of transitions between video sources, including key effects, audio mixer adjustments, camera control settings, and more using the ATEM software or hardware control panel. Macros are saved as XML files that can be edited with a standard text editor, so you can combine them together to build sophisticated sequences that would be impossible to execute manually during a live production. That means you can create unique looks that can be recalled instantly, copied between switchers, and used repeatedly when you require them.
The built-in audio mixer lets you control camera and external audio with precision level and balance adjustments on all 10 available channels. You can enable or disable channels, or activate audio-follow-video (AFV) mode instantly. Adjust the mixer via the ATEM Control Software, or plug in an external Mackie standard USB fader panel.
Multiview allows you to see your sources, graphics, preview, and program outputs on a single screen so you don't need separate monitors for your individual cameras. You get HDMI and SDI multiview outputs so you can connect professional broadcast SDI monitors, computer monitors, or even consumer HDTV sets.
Eliminate external character generators by storing up to 20 broadcast quality RGBA graphic files in the media pool. The two media players appear as input sources to your switcher. You can transition to graphics as full-frame video, or feed them to the keyers for overlaying video. Popular image formats such as PNG, TGA, BMP, GIF, JPEG, and TIFF are supported.
The ATEM Television Studio Pro HD features a built-in CCU and DaVinci Resolve primary color corrector, which can be used to balance camera color and create unique looks. You can use the buttons on the hardware panel to make basic adjustments, or use the DaVinci Resolve primary interface on the software control panel.
The bright LCD screen built into the ATEM Television Studio Pro HD lets you monitor program and audio levels, as well as view menus for adjusting switcher settings. The spin knob control, menu and set buttons work together with the LCD to give you fast access to all switcher settings.
A physical transition slider provides tactile control of a transition, for moments when a manual slider is preferable to a preprogramed transition.


Trying my hand at the current challenge of posting 7 things about yourself–but making it my reading self (which is after all one of the most important!) Many thanks to Marguerite Ferra for the idea!
1. Sometimes (rarely) I break down and skip to the end to see what happens/whodunit/if my favorite characters survived or got together. And yes, The Deathly Hallows was one of those (rare, I swear!) times.
2. I am hard on books. I try to read during other, incompatible activities like taking baths, doing dishes, cooking and eating ice cream cones. This results in a lot of puffy, ruffly-paged paperbacks. I usually refrain from reading while driving, though.
3. Some of my favorite writers are men, but I am much more likely to buy books by women.
4. I still have all my children's books from when I was a kid. I still read them. Sometimes I buy them. For myself.
5. I can't fall asleep without reading first. This seems to be hereditary–my mom couldn't, my daughter can't…I picture my long-ago maternal ancestors staring at the cave wall and complaining,"I just feel like there's something else I should be doing before I fall asleep." (Stares disconsolately at empty primordial hands).
6. I re-read books over and over again. There are some I read every winter or every summer. Others I read even more often than that.
7. I have been told I "inflict books on people." (I believe the person who said this was staggering from my house with a pile of my books and fending me off as I tried to add more. Hey, people have different hospitality styles).
The bookwormrrriot blog was an effort to channel #7 into a socially acceptable channel. What are your reading characteristics?
And I hardly ever surreptitiously check people's bookshelves to see if some of those "inflicted" books are lurking there, unreturned….
#4, 5, 6, and 7!!!


text:
Holiday Hiatus...
As the holidays approach, a number of other family responsibilities have arisen which severely limit my ability to do weekly updates to this blog. I also have a number of blog-related projects which are almost complete yet are being delayed by an increasing number of comments which I am dealing with though the comment system which limits the use of graphics and equations. Many of these comments will be far easier to refute with some of the demonstration projects I've had under development. I'm tempted to avoid significant postings again until I'm ready to release Project 1 (described below). There may not be significant activity here again until January 2011.
Some of these projects are, in order of highest to lowest priority:
Redshift quantization demonstration: This has applications to many creationist and plasma cosmology claims. I've made considerable progress on this and am now concentrating on some of the introductory material needed to explain why just about ANY non-zero distribution produces a power spectrum with 'peaks'. Basically, I start with simple distributions WITHOUT periodicities installed in the data and show they generate peaked power spectra similar to those reported by supporters of redshift quantization. Then I do the test that redshift quantization supporters never do - actually install the reported periodicities in the data and demonstrate just how different the power spectra appear. This project will probably be a long series of posts which I have started mapping out.
GPS relativistic corrections: Definitely needed considering how many relativity deniers in the Electric Universe and creationist communities make totally false claims about the size of the relativistic corrections in the GPS system.
The Physics of Lagrange Points: More than the Inverse Square Law. I've done a lot of work on this recently in my day job, so I should assemble it while it's fresh in my mind.
Follow-up to instrument teams on the Michelson interferometers operating on-board satellites: Michelson interferometers are routinely used for precision wavelength measurements. I've even used one in undergraduate physics optics labs. Another problem created by the geocentrists claiming c is really c+v is for high-frequency resonance cavities in space, of which there are many!
N-body code demonstration: I already have a really nice demonstration code that does non-interacting particles in electric and magnetic fields. I even have the interface generating output to nice renderers like POVray to generate movies. My next step is to install particle interactions and to expand the for gravitational simulations and gravito-electromagnetic simulations.
Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulation: This is a follow-on to the N-body code. I also have a need for a generalized capability for this in my day job.
I'd like to make the codes for doing this generally available, but after the flack from the "ClimateGate" code (Guardian.co.uk: If you're going to do good science, release the computer code too) I'm trying to upgrade my coding habits to install regular unit testing, etc. rather than using comments to control test cases. I'm better than many scientists when it comes to programming (I had a decade of business programming experience before I went into science), but I do need to adopt some of the newer programming tricks, even for my hobby projects.
I'm also in the process of configuring a new multi-core desktop computer system which will be more dedicated to simulation runs (running these codes on a laptop just sends the cooling fans into overdrive). It's a real headache to get everything installed 64-bit so I'm currently in a configure-build-test-delete-change configure-... cycle. I'll probably post some configuration details on the blog so others can possibly reproduce the work AND see that this work does not always require high-end supercomputing resources (a common complaint by pseudo-scientists is whining that they can't test their ideas because they are blocked from access to the types of resources of professionals).
I will probably post responses to some existing comments on the site but new comments will be let through as I have time to deal with them. Those who insist on posting their long tomes, usually poorly referenced, which often trigger the Blogspot posting bug, may find themselves waiting a while.
If you want to follow any sparse activity without repeatedly visiting the site, you can subscribe to the post and comments feeds via RSS (links in left sidebar under "Subscribe To").
Happy Holidays! (just to piss off the fundamentalists and militant atheists bothered by those things :^)
Reading: "Cauldrons of the Cosmos" by Rolfs & Rodney
My my original studies for my Ph.D. were in nuclear astrophysics, it has been a while since I last really explored the topic in terms of what we know about the atomic nucleus, and what that knowledge tells us about the cosmos. For this blog, I decided to 'recharge' my nuclear physics background since nuclear physics comes up often in creationists and electric universe claims.
To do nuclear astrophysics, one must have a broad understanding of both nuclear physics (how the atomic nucleus works) and astrophysics (to understand the types of environments where energies are sufficient that the nuclear structure can undergo change). In graduate school, my nuclear astrophysics classes were taught by the man that wrote the book. In this case, Principles of stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis, by Donald Clayton.
However, Don Clayton's interests were in later stages of stellar nucleosynthesis, the formation of the heavier elements. In situations I deal with, crank claims usually try to claim few to no nuclear reactions are taking place in stars. For that case, I needed a book that placed more emphasis on the nuclear reactions earlier in the star's life. It would be even better if I could find a book that covered the status of experimental verification of stellar nuclear reactions.
The book I found which did an excellent job of covering these two topics was
C. E. Rolfs and W. S. Rodney. Cauldrons in the cosmos: Nuclear astrophysics. 1988.
This book presented a lot of material on theoretical and experimental nuclear astrophysics, and a number of items I had not seen covered to the level of detail before.
Going Backwards to Go Forwards
One of the major difficulties in doing experimental nuclear astrophysics is that it is very difficult to reproduce stellar interior conditions in Earth laboratories. But sometimes nature provides a 'back door' on the process. We have yet to find a violation of the principle of microscopic reversibility - that all atomic and subatomic reactions can run backwards and forwards. If we can have the reaction
A + B -> X + Y
X + Y -> A + B
is also possible. As in chemistry, there are physical principles we can use to mathematically relate the reaction rates in the forward and reverse reaction.
Photodisintegration, where a high-energy photon 'breaks' a nucleus into smaller components, is very hard to measure. It requires a high density of high-energy photons that is very difficult to produce in a lab but easy to occur at the center of a million kilometers of hydrogen (for an example where the lab is reaching the capabilities of the stellar environment, see 'Out There' Astrophysics Impacts Technology (again)). In some of these cases, we can measure the capture cross-section of the particles created in the original reaction and then compute the photoionization rate using quantum mechanics (pg 148).
Similarly, the very important triple-alpha reaction (wikipedia), where three helium nuclei (alpha particles) collide to form a carbon nucleus, be examined by exploring the reaction from the opposite direction (pg 282):
Proton+Proton Reaction
One nice part of Rolfs and Rodney text is the level of detail it covers on the theoretical AND experimental aspects of nuclear reactions in stars, starting with the proton-proton chain and covering the individual reactions. The reaction at the base of the chain,
has never been observed under laboratory conditions. The reason why is that the coulombic repulsion between two protons at stellar core temperatures is too large to be overcome by the classical mechanical means of overcoming an energy barrier. However, quantum mechanics gives the process a very small probability of the two protons tunneling through the coulombic barrier to interact (the same process used with electrons in the tunnel diode). The tunneling probability is LOW. At a temperature of 10,000,000K, this probability is 9e-10 (pg 155). Yet even with this low probability, there is so much hydrogen at the center of the Sun, at sufficient density, that the interaction rate makes up for this low probability and accounts for the energy release we measure from the Sun.
In terms of measuring this reaction rate in the laboratory, the calculation on pg 334 puts this in perspective. The total cross-section for the reaction at a lab energy of 1 MeV is about 1e-47 cm^2. With a proton beam of 1 milliamperes on a THICK target of pure hydrogen with 10^23 atoms/cm^2 in the beam, the time between reactions would be 1 MILLION YEARS. This experiment is clearly impractical to do with current technology.
If the proton+proton reaction had a much higher reaction probability, sufficient for us to measure in current laboratories, then the reaction rate at the centers of stars would be so high that stars would have burned out long ago.
While there are very few nuclear reactions which we can measure in the laboratory at relevant stellar energies, the practice is calibrate the data to the cross-section computation in the energy ranges where we can measure, and then extrapolate this function to lower energies. The advantage of this is that any other interactions which could influence the reaction rate would increase the reaction cross-section (pg 189).
Over 100 pages of the book (pg 190-327) is devoted to descriptions of experimental nuclear astrophysics techniques.
Once some of the techniques are described, the book goes into more detailed explorations of nuclear reactions with more complex nuclei heavier than helium. There is discussion of the nuclear reactions around Be7, which decays via electron capture. This creates the interesting effect that the beryllium-7 nucleus is stable, while the beryllium-7 atom is not. This is because the electron wave-function in the innermost electrons has a significant amplitude in the nucleus itself, increasing the probability of electron can react with the protons for the inverse-beta decay reaction (pg 346):
This effect from electrons suggested that for beta-decays, the CHEMICAL environment could influence the nuclear decay rate - a fact that was explored experimentally in 1947(ref) and realized theoretically by Bethe & Pierels in 1934 (1934Natur.133..689B). The neutrino from this reaction, since it is a branch of the proton-proton chain, is also discussed as a means of testing the reaction (pg 364). This reaction is also an important step in the formation of neutron stars (link).
Modern experiments with this method of altering radioactive decay rates have occasionally been invoked by Young-Earth Creationists as evidence that nuclear decay rates could have been significantly higher in the past (See Accelerated Radioactive Decay According to
Answers in Genesis)
The theoretical and experimental work around more complex reactions is explored as well. I was surprised to find how many of the heavier nuclei experiments so important for described the steps of stellar reactions beyond hydrogen and helium burning actually have significant laboratory experiments behind them.
Because researchers don't have the resources to explore EVERY possible nuclear reaction hypothesized to occur in stars, they must rely on nuclear models to compute the structure of the nuclei of interest and then compute the cross sections of the reaction of interest. One model that has found successful use is the Hauser-Feschback statistical model which can be used to compute an energy-averaged cross-section for nuclei were there are many resonances (pg 432). While these models are used for reactions where we don't have data, they are often tested and calibrated by applying them to reactions where we can obtain experimental data (pg 434).
Pages 493-495 covered some of the early ideas (about 1988) for solving the solar neutrino problem which was still unsolved at that time.
Stellar Composition Effects
One of the other interesting applications in the book was a discussion of limiting cases in stellar composition. In a simple case of a chemically homogeneous star, the structure is largely determined by the mean molecular weight, mu. This value can be approximated in atomic mass units, by the equation
mu= 1/(2X+0.75Y+0.5Z)
where X is the mass fraction of hydrogen, Y is the mass fraction of helium, and Z is the mass fraction of every element with an atomic mass greater than helium, often referred to as 'metals'. Since everything must add up to 1.0, we require that Z = 1-X-Y. In the text, the authors examined two interesting limiting cases, a star of all iron (Z=1, X=Y=0) and all hydrogen (X=1, Y=Z=0). In the early 1900s, it was believed that stars were largely iron due to the large number of iron lines in the Sun's spectra. However, once astronomers understood how spectral lines were formed, largely through the work of Cecilia Payne, it was eventually understood that they were largely hydrogen. In the example, we see that the mean molecular weight of an all hydrogen star is mu=0.5, while for an all iron star it is mu=2.0. In terms of gas pressure, this means that the iron star must have about four times higher pressure than a hydrogen star to maintain hydrostatic balance (pg 96).
One of my motivations for reading this book was to refresh my nuclear physics background but also to explore possible alternative sources of information for dealing with the cranks that claim the Sun and other stars are not nuclear powered. While the book is now over 20 years old, it directed me to some of the earlier research in experimental nuclear astrophysics from which I was able to track more modern work and updates via ADS.
One of the most useful items I found was the computation of what was required to produce the proton+proton -> deuteron reaction in the laboratory. While various cranks like to claim that the failure to produce the reaction in the laboratory is a failure of nuclear astrophysics, the facts paint a different picture. It is not that researchers tried to produce the reaction and failed, but they probably have never tried to produce that reaction specifically because it had such a low probability at the energies available in the Sun's core. There have been many experiments in the late 1930s to the 1950s colliding protons together over a broad range of energies (refs).
While this twenty-year old book provided an excellent overview of stellar nuclear reactions, I suspect significant revision of some experimental results will take place as the National Ignition Facility (link) enables these reactions to be explored at significantly higher densities.
Labels: books, nucleosynthesis


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VATICAN CITY, APR 28, 2000 (VIS) - This morning in the Holy See Press Office, there was the presentation of the Jubilee Day dedicated to the commemoration of the witnesses to the faith in the 20th century. This day marking the "new martyrs" will take place on May 7 at the Colosseum, according to Cardinal Roger Etchegaray, president of the Central Committee for the Great Jubilee of the Year 2000.
Recalling that Pope John Paul asked for this commemoration in "Tertio Millennio Adveniente" in November 1994, the cardinal said that May 7 "is the date which will allow the Church to become better aware of her true identity: the Church of witnesses, the Church of martyrs." He added that "sometimes we have an idea of martyrdom which is too romantic and reduced to extraordinary stories which open the door to canonization, while this should be the habitual horizon in every Christian life."
Who are the new martyrs? Cardinal Etchegaray asked. "They are those who are persecuted by a clear hatred for Christ and His church, ... (or) who are victims of new Caesars. ... Today the seed of martyrdom is often found in the Church's alliance with the poor, the excluded, the oppressed."
The cardinal observed that May 7 will be a day in which to show a "greater solidarity" with those who suffer to witness to their faith," and pointed out that Pope John Paul has asked that this solidarity include other Christian denominations.
Archbishop Cresenzio Sepe, secretary general of the Jubilee committee, said that "the 'memory of martyrs' is one of the new emblems - together with others such as the 'purification of memory' and the commitment to reducing foreign debt for peace and for justice - introduced by John Paul II to characterize the Great Jubilee 2000. Consequently, the May 7 celebrations, dedicated to commemorating witnesses to the faith in the 20th century, takes on a particular importance, both within the Holy Year and in the light of the entire Magisterium of John Paul II, who has dedicated all the 22 years of his pontificate to venerating those who have witnessed the truth of the Gospel with their lives."
Bishop Michel Hrynchyshyn, C.SS.R., president of the Jubilee Commission "Witnesses to the Faith of the 20th Century," stated that "the Holy Father has charged the 'new martyrs' commission with the noble task of preparing lists, or rather catalogues, of witnesses to the faith in the 20th century. Given that Christians have been persecuted and killed for their faith 'to the limits of the earth,' the commission has set about organizing its task on a geographical and continental basis."
"Estimates of the numbers of martyrs vary greatly," continued the bishop from Ukraine. "Indeed David Barret, an independent scholar, in his 'Encyclopedia of the Christian World,' suggests that the 20th century has produced double the number of Christian martyrs of all the previous 19 centuries put together."
Historian Andrea Riccardi pointed out that "John Paul II, with his call to rediscover the memory of witnesses to the faith, has started a process that is not yet finished. The Pope experienced first-hand the events of World War II, when the new Nazi order imposed on the Polish people the role of nation of slaves. He lived through the years of communist persecution. His experience of the suffering of confessors and witnesses to the faith has been personal and direct."
Bishop Piero Marini, papal master of ceremonies, stated that "the ecumenical Commemoration of Witnesses to the Faith in the 20th century, to be held on Sunday, May 7 ... is linked to the Holy Father's statement in the Apostolic Letter 'Tertio Millennio Adveniente: 'In our own century the martyrs have returned, many of them nameless 'unknown soldiers' as it were, of God's great cause. As far as possible their witness should not be lost to the Church. ... This gesture cannot fail to have an ecumenical character and expression, Perhaps the most convincing form of ecumenism is the ecumenism of the saints and martyrs. The 'communio sanctorum' speaks louder than the things which divide us'."
He explained that the commemoration "takes place at Evening Prayer of the Third Week of Easter; it thus falls in the Easter season and in particular on the Lord's Day when the Church celebrates the victory of the Risen Christ over sin and death. ... The site chosen for the commemoration is the Colosseum which, together with the other places nearby, like the Circus Maximus, calls to mind the witness of faith given by the early martyrs of the Church in Rome."
Turning to the ceremonial aspect of the commemoration, Bishop Marini said that "the initial rites include a 'statio' inside the Colosseum, the procession to the area outside the amphitheater, the Holy Father's introduction and the opening prayer. ... An invocation of praise to the Holy Trinity follows, recited by the representatives of the Churches and ecclesial communities."
This is followed by a procession with the Cross and Gospel Book, the enthronement and incensing of the Gospel, the Holy Father's opening prayer and the Liturgy of the Word. The Apostles' Creed is recited in three different languages by three representatives of other Churches.
There will then be the specific commemoration of the witnesses to the faith in the 20th century which will include the following groups: Christians who bore witness to their faith under Soviet totalitarianism; witnesses to the faith who were victims of communism in other nations of Europe; confessors of the faith who were victims of nazism and fascism; followers of Christ who gave their lives for the proclamation of the Gospel in Asia and Oceania; Christian faithful persecuted out of hatred for the Catholic faith; witnesses of evangelization in Africa and Madagascar; Christians who gave their lives for love of Christ and of their brothers and sisters in America and witnesses to the faith in different parts of the world.
The final blessing and dismissal follow these witnesses.


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Home Health Tips Gout patients have higher risk of advanced kidney disease, study finds
Gout patients have higher risk of advanced kidney disease, study finds
Health Tips Blog 3:34 AM 0 comments
Patients with gout are at increased risk of chronic kidney disease and kidney failure, according to new University of Limerick (UL), Ireland led research.
In one of the largest and most detailed studies ever conducted, patients recruited in general practice with a diagnosis of gout were more than twice as likely to develop kidney failure than those without, according to the study led by researchers at University of Limerick's (UL) Graduate Entry Medical School (GEMS).
The largest and most detailed study ever published on this subject used data from more than 620,000 patients in the UK health system.
It found that gout patients were also more likely to suffer a short-term deterioration in kidney function, as well as a sustained deterioration of function to less than 10% of normal, compared to patients without gout.
The researchers based their findings on results of a large UK-wide study that analyzed data from the Clinical Research Practice Data Datalink (CPRD), a research database that collects clinical information on patients attending primary care centers from across the UK.
In their analysis, researchers analyzed the risk of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in 68,897 gout patients followed for an average of 3.7 years and compared them to 554,964 patients without gout.
"The results were quite astonishing," said Professor Austin Stack, Foundation Chair of Medicine at UL GEMS who is lead author of the study and Principal Investigator for the UL Kidney Health Consortium at the Health Research Institute and Consultant Nephrologist at UL Hospitals.
"While we always believed that high levels of uric acid might be bad for kidneys and that patients with gout may have a higher risk of kidney failure, we were quite surprised by the magnitude of the risk imposed by gout in these patients. We were particularly interested in the risk of advanced kidney disease, as these patients in general have a higher risk of kidney failure and death.
"In our analysis, we defined advanced kidney disease based on four specific criteria; need for dialysis or kidney transplant; failing kidney function to less than 10% of normal; doubling of serum creatinine from baseline; and death associated with CKD.
"Overall, we discovered that patients who suffered from gout had a 29% higher risk of advanced CKD compared to those without gout. Indeed when we analyzed each of the components of advanced kidney disease, we found that in general gout patients were at higher risk of a deterioration in kidney function compared to those without.
"Astonishingly, when we looked at the risk of kidney failure and those who needed dialysis or a kidney transplant, we found that gouts patients had more than a 200% higher risk of kidney failure than those without gout," Professor Stack added of the study, which has just been published by medical journal BMJ Open.
The study sheds new light on the importance and potential impact of gout on kidney function. Although previous studies have shown that gout patients have a higher burden of kidney disease, none has convincingly shown that gout can contribute to the development of kidney failure.
Our study had several important strengths that overcame the limitations of previous studies. It is one of the largest studies ever conducted with over 620,000 patients included.
Second, the study was representative of patients that are typically seen in general practice within the UK health system. Third, the analysis accounted for known confounders - factors that may have contributed to the development or kidney disease like hypertension and diabetes - and our findings were further confirmed in several additional analysis. Taken together, the findings from this study suggest that gout is an independent risk factor for progression of CKD and kidney failure."
Professor Austin Stack, Foundation Chair of Medicine at UL GEMS
Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis which causes severe pain and suffering due to a build-up of uric acid in joints. It affects almost 2.5 % of the adult population and causes significant pain and disability due to its effects on joints, tendons and bone. Treatments that lower uric acid levels in the blood stream are effective in preventing both the acute flares of gout and the long-term damage it causes in joints, however current evidence shows that gout remains poorly managed in the population.
CKD is a common chronic condition that affects around 15% of adults in the Irish health system and has a major impact on a person health.
"Each year over 450 patients develop kidney failure in Ireland and require some form of dialysis treatment or a kidney transplant," explained Professor Stack.
"This continues to be the case despite our best efforts at controlling blood pressure m diabetes and other well established risk factors. In fact in over a decade, the numbers of patients who develop kidney failure in Ireland has increased from 2,848 in 2005 to 4,440 in 2017 (a growth of 56%).
"The result of this new research suggests that gout may also play an important role in the progression of kidney disease. The identification of gout as a potential risk factor opens up new opportunities for the prevention of kidney disease and its consequences," added Professor Stack.
The research was conducted in collaboration with researchers from OXON Epidemiology in the UK, and AstraZeneca in the UK and US.
Stack, A.G. et al. (2019) Gout and the risk of advanced chronic kidney disease in the UK health system: a national cohort study. BMJ Open. doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031550.
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About the Millbrook Society
The Millbrook Society was founded in 1984 at the request of the late Mrs. Charles Harper Smith of Horsham Township, PA. The vision of Mrs. Smith and the Society's founders was to honor the legacy of Charles Harper Smith who was a renowned local historian, educator, and author.
The original intent of the Society was to receive and hold in trust the land and buildings that make up the Kenderdine Mill tract called "Millbrook." We also were tasked with continuing the late Charles Harper Smith's work in the areas of preservation and education of local, state, and national history.
Due to events beyond our control, the only thing we received from the initial arrangement was our name, "Millbrook." While we were not able to acquire the property, our mission of preservation and education of history has not changed. In some ways, by not having a property to care for, we have been able to extend our reach into areas of history and preservation we never would have been able to reach before. Should The Millbrook Society be offered a historic property, we will accept it and the challenges that go with ownership, providing we have the ability to cover its costs.
Throughout the years, we have worked on many projects spanning vast categories of history:
Supervised several archaeological projects at sites throughout the area and hosted several archaeological field schools in collaboration with Penn State Abington.
Produced books, such as Hatboro Then & Now (2021), Saving and Restoring The Lukens Clock At the Loller Academy (2017), a compendium of Charles Harper Smith's histories of Hatboro and Horsham with combined index (2016), and Images of America: Hatboro (1999).
Assisted as subject matter experts in the creation of the movie documentary, The Battle of Crooked Billet.
Led local initiatives for street-side markers placed at historic sites throughout Hatboro.
Education - school programs, adult education, community events, community advocacy.
The Millbrook Society and the Amy B. Yerkes Museum are located on the second floor of the historic Hatboro Baptist Church on York Road in the heart of Hatboro. We are open most Wednesday evenings from 7:30 to 9:30. The Society is led by our current leadership team, including a Board of Directors, dedicated department leaders, and staff.
We all are volunteers! We invite current and new members to attend our programs and activities and to volunteer their time and talents to help us continue our mission-driven work. Visit the News & Events page on our website for activities and program highlights over the year.
The Millbrook Society is a non-profit organization that inspires passion for preserving and protecting the rich history of Hatboro and local communities.
We achieve our mission through three interrelated activities:
PRESERVATION…by collecting and maintaining artifacts, documents, manuscripts, and maps.
PROTECTION…by archaeology, and recording and researching historical data on buildings and other assets.
EDUCATION…by presentations, programs, publications, reenactments, and related activities.
Learn more about our:
VOLUNTEERS ARE ALWAYS NEEDED AND WELCOMED:
We are all volunteers! Please consider sharing your time and talents with us. Meet others who share an interest in history. Explore the many opportunities available to satisfy your interests and talents. Join in with others who also value sharing and serving.
Financial support and active membership help make possible the things we do. It keeps Millbrook and its mission ALIVE!
32 North York Road | PO Box 506
Hatboro, PA 19040 | 215-957-1877
millbrooksociety@gmail.com
Copyright © Millbrook Society.
Millbrook Society


Home » Why Move to Knoxville? It's Just Dang Friendly.
It's not often that you want to move to a below average city, but when we're talking about cost of living…well, that's another story! While a little higher than rural towns in the East Tennessee region, the cost of living in Knoxville it less than 90% of the national average. As of June of this year, the median home price in Knoxville was under $200k, making your family dream home oh, so much more attainable than it is in many places! And did we mention, NO state income tax!?
Speaking of family…if you have kids, a move to Knoxville makes darn good sense! The city is jam-packed with things to do with little ones and many activities are free or inexpensive. Some of the best kid friendly vacay spots are just down the road – Dollywood, Gatlinburg, and indoor water parks, Oh My! To top it all off, Knoxville's schools rank higher on diversity scales than the rest of TN (by a good bit!) and you'll have a number of educational options for your kids in both public and private schools.
No matter what your flavor of adventure is, (even if it's calmly dining out), Knoxville's got it. Outdoors, you'll find an abundance of hiking, climbing, paddling, skiing and even just bird watching and sightseeing nearby. If your adventurous streak leans a little more towards air conditioning, you'll find nightlife in the Old City or Market Square and craft beer fueled daylife on the Knoxville Ale Trail. Shopping? Restaurants? And Arts? Check, check, and check. Choose your own adventure!
No matter where you live and how great it is, sometimes you just need to get out and about. That's what road trips are for and when you move to Knoxville, you're moving to a road tripper's paradise! In less than a day's drive, you can hit up lots of the hottest spots – Nashville, Asheville, Charleston, Atlanta, and Charlotte included. There is someplace interesting to visit in every direction and often the roads between start and end are stunning to boot!
Even friendlier than the road trippin', you won't believe the people in Knoxville! Nice human beings abound, and you won't feel like a stranger long when you move to Knoxville. Southern hospitality is real, ya'll and Knoxvillians have got it! They'll be friendly to you in your neighborhood, in your grocery store and even on your own front porch!
No matter what your reason for considering a move to Knoxville, we don't doubt that you'll find our city to be just DANG friendly when you get here. If you need some help with the transition, just let us know. Fox Movers are pretty dang friendly themselves!


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Santa Maria della Purità, även benämnd Santa Maria della Purità all'Archetto, var en kyrkobyggnad i Rom, helgad åt Jungfru Maria. Den var belägen vid den numera försvunna gatan Via dell'Arco della Purità i Rione Borgo.

Kyrkans historia
Kyrkan uppfördes under påve Clemens VII:s (1523–1534) pontifikat. I maj 1527 ägde Roms skövling rum; kejsar Karl V:s legoknektar skövlade, brände och plundrade Rom. Bland ruinerna i Borgo påträffades en Mariabild från 1200-talet – Madonna della Purità, det vill säga Vår Fru av Kyskheten.

Påve Paulus III (1534–1549) förlänade kyrkan åt Confraternita dei Caudatari dei Cardinali, det vill säga ett brödraskap vars huvuduppgift var att bära kardinalernas släp (cauda), främst släpet som tillhör en cappa magna, vid högtidliga tillfällen.

Kyrkan genomgick en restaurering under påve Leo XII (1823–1829), men den övergavs vid slutet av 1800-talet. Kyrkans interiör hade ett altare, vid vilket Madonna della Purità vördades.

Åren 1936–1950 anlades Via della Conciliazione och en fullständig omstrukturering av Rione Borgo genomfördes. Samtliga byggnader mellan Borgo Vecchio och Borgo Nuovo nedrevs. År 1936 revs kyrkan Santa Maria della Purità.

Den italienske historikern och arkeologen Mariano Armellini hävdar att kyrkan var identisk med San Sebastiano in Via Pontificum, men denna teori avvisas av Ferruccio Lombardi.

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Noter

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Romersk-katolska kyrkobyggnader i Rom (rione Borgo)
Ej längre existerande kyrkobyggnader i Rom
Mariakyrkor i Rom
Romersk-katolska kyrkobyggnader invigda under 1500-talet
Romersk-katolska kyrkobyggnader rivna under 1900-talet
Rione Borgo

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This course will be delivered by one of our leading tutors who has many years of experience within the field and is designed for delegates who are involved in delivering care to people suffering with Diabetes. It will develop their knowledge and understanding of this illness which will help in their role as a Care Provider, knowing about the illness, how it presents, the complications arising and how they may support a person with Diabetes.
The day will run with both Formative and Summative assessments taking place and a practical element that covers the use of equipment provided by the Care Environment. This will be for training purposes and to ensure that training is applicable to the equipment that is actually used and to ensure competency of Delegates attending. Certificates of Attendance will be issued. Learning will be fun and interactive and delegates will be expected to participate in their learning experience.


text: Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington and his music have been an integral part of the American scene for most of the 20th Century. This interpretive biography offers insights into Ellington's enduring appeal, not only as a composer and piano-playing leader of a jazz orchestra, but as a cultural icon. Janna Tull Steed traces Ellington's journey from a protected childhood in Washington, D.C., through his early career as a jazzman in Harlem nightclubs to the presentation of his music in the world's grandest cathedrals in his last years.