text:
Skills shortages
How to get a job in Italy
Italian visas
How to explain your qualifications to employers
What it's like to work in Italy
Work in Italy
Daniel Higginbotham, Editor
Globally renowned for its rich culture and outstanding natural beauty, if the prospect of working in Italy sounds appealing, you may find it presents the perfect opportunity to develop your career
Italy is a country that regularly features on the top destinations lists of the leading travel websites. This is unsurprising, as it's a nation that has everything. Steeped in culture and historical significance, by living and working here you'll enjoy its sunny climate, breath-taking landscapes, inspiring architecture and fine food.
While the Italian economy has not kept pace with the growth of other major European countries and competition for jobs is high, Italian-speaking foreign workers with the right combination of skills, qualifications and experience may still be able to find work - especially in cities such as Florence, Milan, Genoa and the capital Rome.
While Italy has the eighth largest economy in the world according to the 2018 International Monetary Fund, it is still feeling the effects of the global financial crisis and has the second highest level of public debt in Europe (after Greece).
The majority of the country's 60 million inhabitants reside in the north, and ambitious graduates are more likely to find work in large northern towns and cities.
The contrast between the north and the south is quite stark - northern Italy is more industrialised and developed and known for its abundance of private companies, while the south relies heavily on agriculture and farming. Unemployment in the southern regions is as high as 29%.
As millions of travellers flock to Italy every year to see its many famous sights, casual work and temporary contracts in the tourism industry are much easier to find than permanent employment in other sectors.
Popular graduate jobs
Most locals are not fluent in English, and therefore it's unlikely you'll secure work without a strong grasp of the Italian language. On the other hand, your English speaking ability will be highly valued, particularly in tourism and teaching. Because of this, jobs teaching English as a foreign language are readily available.
The services sector dominates the economy with wholesale, retail sales and transportation. Driven by the manufacturing of luxury items such as fashion, cars and furniture, industry also accounts for a fair amount of Italy's output. In terms of agriculture, Italy is one of the world's largest producers of wine, olive oil and fruit.
The number of multinational companies in Italy may be smaller than in other European countries but strong Italian brands include automobiles, such as Ferrari and Lamborghini, and fashion designers Gucci, Prada, Versace and Armani.
Vacancies are commonly advertised in local newspapers and magazines as well as on the internet.
Search online for jobs in Italy at:
Clicca Lavoro (in Italian)
EURES Job Search
Lavorare.net (in Italian)
Reed - Jobs In Italy
The Local Italy
Total Jobs - Jobs In Italy
TrovoLavoro.it
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 2017 report Getting Skills Right: Italy highlights the following as areas where Italy is currently suffering a critical shortage of knowledge, skills and abilities:
engineering, mechanics and technology
mathematical knowledge.
Networking through friends and family is generally considered the best way to find a job in Italy. Finding work when you're already in the country will be easier, as you can begin making contacts directly - wherever you decide to look for work.
If you're currently employed with a company that has a presence in Italy, you could enquire about possible secondment opportunities.
If this isn't feasible, you could instead try making speculative applications, which are welcomed in Italy as many jobs aren't advertised. If you go down this route, be sure to do your research and send your application to the most appropriate person at the organisation.
For jobs that are advertised, the application is usually completed online and consists of a CV and cover letter, or an application form. All applications should be submitted in Italian unless otherwise stated. To save some time, it might also be a good idea to get your academic transcripts and certificates translated too.
Long interview processes are the norm and generally involve a series of interviews and psychometric testing.
As tourism is such big business in Italy, casual or temporary work should be easy enough to find.
There are plenty of seasonal jobs on offer including bar, hotel and restaurant work. You could find employment in summer camps or holiday resorts and if you possess some skills on the slopes, you could work at a ski resort in the Italian Alps.
The agricultural sector also provides casual summer jobs such as fruit picking and other outdoor activities.
If you have some childcare experience you might consider finding work as an au pair.
As long as you have the funds to work for free, volunteering is a great way to build your skillset and learn a new language. Voluntary work looks great on your CV and gives you the chance to network and build contacts.
For those aged 17 to 30 looking to volunteer abroad, Erasmus+ Volunteering projects are available in a number of different areas such as social care, environmental protection, youth work and cultural activities.
Italy is one of the European Union (EU) countries offering these unpaid, full time positions lasting between two weeks and 12 months. All essential costs (accommodation, food and local transport) are covered by the scheme, and you may be given a small personal allowance.
English teachers are in high demand in Italy, so competition for posts is fierce.
The majority of teaching jobs are available in large towns and cities such as Rome, Florence and Milan, although opportunities exist throughout the country. You could teach in state schools, private language schools, universities or within businesses teaching their staff English.
You can enrol online to study for a relevant Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) qualification, while some teaching jobs may even require a Bachelors degree.
Recruitment for teachers typically begins in early spring for positions available in September/October.
For more information, go to TEFL jobs in Italy, and for a list of language schools in Italy see ESL Base - English language schools in Italy.
There are also opportunities to teach English through the British Council's English Language Assistants programme.
As networking is such an important part of finding a job, a work placement is a great way to build up your Italian contacts. Internships are also useful for sharpening your language skills.
Internships in Italy usually last between three and six months with the country especially popular with those looking to get work experience in fashion, architecture and art.
Internships and summer work placements are available at:
AIESEC UK - a youth organisation that offers career-focused internships for students and recent graduates.
GoAbroad.com - an online search engine for global internships.
IAESTE - traineeships for science, engineering, technology and applied arts students (apply via the British Council website in the autumn).
If you're an EU citizen, or come from Norway, Iceland or Liechtenstein, you won't require a permit to work in Italy. However, to remain in the country longer than 90 days, you'll need to apply to your local town hall (comune) for residency. They will be able to advise you on the documentation to be submitted along with your application.
Non-EU citizens will require a visa, residence and work permit to live and work in the country. There are different types of visa available depending on the purpose of your stay. When applying, you'll need to submit a completed visa application form, a valid passport, recent passport photographs and supporting documents, which will depend on the type of visa you're applying for.
If you're a foreign national, you'll need to apply for a residence permit as soon as you arrive.
For more information about Italian work visas, contact the Italian embassy or consulate in your home country, or visit the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation website.
This visa information is still valid following the UK's decision to leave the EU and will be updated if changes occur.
In most cases, knowledge of Italian is essential for securing a job.
Proficiency in the language will make life in the country a lot easier too, as many parts of the population don't speak English. English is more likely to be spoken in tourist areas and large towns and cities, but less so in rural areas.
Italian language courses in the UK, as well as many good websites, will help you to learn the language or further improve your skills.
UK qualifications are directly comparable to those in Italy, so they should be easily recognised by employers. You can find out more about comparing international qualifications by visiting ENIC-NARIC.
Family time is an important aspect of Italian culture and as such workers in the country try to strike a healthy work-life balance. According to Eurostat, Italians work 39 hours per week on average (2017 data), with the maximum average working week set at 40 hours plus eight hours of overtime. You'll typically work Monday to Friday 8am to 1pm, take a two-hour lunch and then work from 3pm to 7pm.
All employees are entitled to at least four weeks of paid annual leave as well as 12 public holidays.
There are five income tax bands ranging from 23% on income up to €15,000, to 43% on income over €75,001.
Discover what it's like to study in Italy.
Written by Daniel Higginbotham, Editor
Prospects · June 2018
Gap Year Opportunities


Rhus typhina 'Laciniata' is an interesting large flowering shrub / small tree native to North America. Commonly know as Stag's Horn Sumach, Rhus is widely recognized in the UK, since in was introduced in the early 17th century.
Sumach flowers during late spring with large candle shape yellowy green flowers set of brilliantly by the bright red young stems. During late summer, clusters of fruit appear, ripening to a red colour by autumn and often lasting on the tree throughout the winter. In autumn, the bright green tones of the foliage give way to a brilliant array of colour, from red through to orange and yellow. 'Laciniata' is a female form with deeply incised leaflets which create a fern like effect.


Our answers to frequently asked questions about automations, actions, and engagement triggers.
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text:
'use strict';

/**
 * Dime - model/activity.js
 *
 * Register Activity model to namespace App.
 */
(function ($, Backbone, _, App) {

    // Create Activity model and add it to App.Model
    App.provide('Model.Base', Backbone.Model.extend({
        relations: {},
        /**
         * Get a value on an attribute
         * enhanced - get relation via dot-separation
         *
         * @param attr 'id' or 'relation.id'
         * @param defaultValue
         * @return {*}
         */
        get: function(attr, defaultValue) {
            if (attr.search(/\./) > -1) {
                var parts = attr.split('.'),
                    next = parts.shift(),
                    relation = this.get('relation');
                if (next && relation && relation[next]) {
                    return relation[next].get(parts.join('.'), defaultValue);
                }
            }
            return Backbone.Model.prototype.get.call(this, attr) || defaultValue;
        },
        getRelation: function(name) {
            var relations = this.get('relation');
            if (this.hasRelation(name)) {
                return relations[name];
            }
            return undefined;
        },
        hasRelation: function(name) {
            var relations = this.get('relation');
            return (name && relations && relations[name]);
        },
        parse: function(response, options) {
            if (this.relations) {
                response.relation = {};

                // cycle through model relations
                for (var name in this.relations) {
                    if (this.relations.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
                        var relatedTo = this.relations[name];
                        // name does exist in response
                        if (response[name]) {
                            // relation has defined model
                            if (relatedTo.model) {
                                // get model function
                                var modelFunc = relatedTo.model;
                                if (_.isString(modelFunc)) {
                                    modelFunc = App.provide(modelFunc.replace('App.', ''));
                                }
                                // relation is a collection
                                if (relatedTo.collection) {
                                    // get collection function
                                    var collectionFunc = relatedTo.collection;
                                    if (_.isString(collectionFunc)) {
                                        collectionFunc = App.provide(collectionFunc.replace('App.', ''));
                                    }

                                    // create new collection
                                    var collection = new collectionFunc(),
                                        ids = [];

                                    _.each(response[name], function (item) {
                                        // create back ref to model
                                        if (relatedTo.belongsTo) {
                                            var split = relatedTo.belongsTo.split(':');
                                            if (split[1]) {
                                                item[split[0]] = response[split[1]];
                                            } else {
                                                item[split[0]] = response['id'];
                                            }
                                        }
                                        // create submodel
                                        var newModel = new modelFunc(item, { parse: true });
                                        // store model ids in list
                                        ids.push(newModel.id);
                                        // save submodel in collection
                                        collection.add(newModel);
                                    }, this);

                                    // store collection in relation
                                    response.relation[name] = collection;
                                    // store submodel ids in response
                                    response[name] = ids;
                                } else {
                                    // important because submodels can be only an id
                                    if (_.isObject(response[name])) {
                                        response.relation[name] = new modelFunc(response[name], { parse: true });
                                        response[name] = response[name].id;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            return response;
        },
        toString: function() {
            return this.get('name') ? this.get('name') : this.get('id');
        }
    }));

})(jQuery, Backbone, _, Dime);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How to implement click listeners for an item of a RecyclerView I have implemented recyclerview in a fragment. Now I want to click an item of recyclerview and then go to the next Activity. I have called OnclickListener inside OnBindViewHolder of the adapter class but it's not working. Please help me out to solve this issue.
I am going to post all codes below.

Fragment Home

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/colorWhite"
    tools:context=".view.ui.HomeFragment">

    <include
        android:id="@+id/toolbarHome"
        layout="@layout/layout_toolbar" />

    <androidx.appcompat.widget.SearchView
        android:id="@+id/svSearchCountry"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginStart="@dimen/_15sdp"
        android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/_15sdp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="@dimen/_15sdp"
        android:background="@drawable/layout_rectangle_edittext"
        android:textCursorDrawable="@null"
        app:iconifiedByDefault="false"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/toolbarHome"
        app:queryBackground="@null"
        app:queryHint="Search Country" />

    <androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/rvCountries"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="@dimen/_5sdp"
        android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/_15sdp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="@dimen/_5sdp"
        android:layout_marginBottom="@dimen/_5sdp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/svSearchCountry" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

layout_country_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/ivCountry"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:padding="@dimen/_5sdp"
        android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/_5sdp"
        android:src="@drawable/kenya"
        app:layout_constraintDimensionRatio="1:1"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tvCountryName"
        style="@style/CustomTextViewMedium"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Kenya"
        android:textColor="@color/colorText"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/ivCountry" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

CountriesAdapter.kt

package com.logicielhouse.tripo.adapter

import android.content.Context
import android.content.Intent
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import android.widget.Filter
import android.widget.Filterable
import android.widget.ImageView
import android.widget.TextView
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
import com.bumptech.glide.Glide
import com.logicielhouse.tripo.R
import com.logicielhouse.tripo.model.CountriesModel
import com.logicielhouse.tripo.view.ui.HomeActivity
import java.util.*
import kotlin.collections.ArrayList

/**
 * Created by Abdullah on 9/10/2020.
 */
class CountriesAdapter(
    val context: Context, var countriesList: ArrayList<CountriesModel>
) : RecyclerView.Adapter<CountriesAdapter.CountriesViewHolder>(), Filterable {

    var countryFilterList = ArrayList<CountriesModel>()

    init {
        countryFilterList = countriesList
    }

    inner class CountriesViewHolder(itemView: View) : RecyclerView.ViewHolder(itemView) {
        val ivCountryImage: ImageView = itemView.findViewById(R.id.ivCountry)
        val tvCountryTitle: TextView = itemView.findViewById(R.id.tvCountryName)
    }

    override fun onCreateViewHolder(parent: ViewGroup, viewType: Int): CountriesViewHolder {
        val view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.context)
            .inflate(R.layout.layout_country_item, parent, false)
        return CountriesViewHolder(view)
    }

    override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: CountriesViewHolder, position: Int) {
        val countryItem = countryFilterList[position]
        Glide.with(holder.ivCountryImage.context).load(countryItem.imageURI)
            .into(holder.ivCountryImage)
        holder.tvCountryTitle.text = countryItem.title
        holder.itemView.setOnClickListener {
            context.startActivity(Intent(context, HomeActivity::class.java))
        }
    }

    override fun getItemCount(): Int {
        return countryFilterList.size
    }

    override fun getFilter(): Filter {
        return object : Filter() {
            override fun performFiltering(constraint: CharSequence?): FilterResults {
                val charSearch = constraint.toString()
                countryFilterList = if (charSearch.isEmpty()) {
                    countriesList
                } else {
                    val resultList = ArrayList<CountriesModel>()
                    for (row in countriesList) {
                        if (row.title.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT)
                                .contains(charSearch.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT))
                        ) {
                            resultList.add(row)
                        }
                    }
                    resultList
                }
                val filterResults = FilterResults()
                filterResults.values = countryFilterList
                return filterResults
            }

            @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
            override fun publishResults(constraint: CharSequence?, results: FilterResults?) {
                countryFilterList = results?.values as ArrayList<CountriesModel>
                notifyDataSetChanged()
            }

        }
    }
}

HomeFragment.kt

package com.logicielhouse.tripo.view.ui

import android.os.Bundle
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import android.widget.ImageView
import android.widget.TextView
import androidx.appcompat.widget.SearchView
import androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.GridLayoutManager
import com.logicielhouse.tripo.R
import com.logicielhouse.tripo.adapter.CountriesAdapter
import com.logicielhouse.tripo.model.CountriesModel
import kotlinx.android.synthetic.main.fragment_home.*

class HomeFragment : Fragment() {

    private lateinit var countriesAdapter: CountriesAdapter
    lateinit var toolbar: Toolbar
    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?,
        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_home, container, false)
    }

    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
        toolbar = view.findViewById(R.id.toolbar) as Toolbar
        setupUI()
        setupRecyclerView()
        setupListeners()
    }

    private fun setupListeners() {
        svSearchCountry.setOnQueryTextListener(object : SearchView.OnQueryTextListener {
            override fun onQueryTextSubmit(query: String?): Boolean {
                return false
            }

            override fun onQueryTextChange(newText: String?): Boolean {
                countriesAdapter.filter.filter(newText)
                return false
            }
        })
    }

    private fun setupRecyclerView() {
        countriesAdapter =
            CountriesAdapter(
                requireContext(),
                CountriesModel.countriesList as ArrayList<CountriesModel>
            )

        rvCountries.apply {
            layoutManager = GridLayoutManager(context, 4, GridLayoutManager.VERTICAL, false)
            adapter = countriesAdapter
        }
    }

    private fun setupUI() {
        toolbar.title = "Home"

        val searchIcon = svSearchCountry.findViewById<ImageView>(R.id.search_mag_icon)
        searchIcon.setColorFilter(R.color.colorPrimary)
        val cancelIcon = svSearchCountry.findViewById<ImageView>(R.id.search_close_btn)
        cancelIcon.setColorFilter(R.color.colorText)
        val textView = svSearchCountry.findViewById<TextView>(R.id.search_src_text)
        textView.setTextColor(ContextCompat.getColor(activity as MainActivity, R.color.colorText))
    }
}

A: You're doing it right, the only problem is that you're trying to set the OnClickListener to the itemView itself and not one of its children, this means that when you click on an item, you don't want that item's children to gain focus.
So now what you need to do is to give your itemView the ability to be clicked and focused, and remove these features from its children, do this by adding to your itemView (which is the parent ConstraintLayout in the layout_country_item.xml):
android:clickable="true"
android:focusable="true"
android:focusableInTouchMode="true"

And the same for the children but with a false value.

A: In my opinion, you should not set the context object to the adapter. if you do not pay attention, the issue may occur memory leak.
You can create an interface named CountriesAdapterListener like this:
public interface CountriesAdapterListener {
    fun onClickedItem()
}

later, you set the interface object instead of the context object at the constructor.
then you can replace code like below:
override fun onBindViewHolder(holder: CountriesViewHolder, position: Int) {
    val countryItem = countryFilterList[position]
    Glide.with(holder.ivCountryImage.context).load(countryItem.imageURI)
        .into(holder.ivCountryImage)
    holder.tvCountryTitle.text = countryItem.title
    holder.itemView.setOnClickListener {
        listener.onClickedItem()
    }
}

Lastly, You implementation CountriesAdapterListener inside HomeFragment.kt like this:
val listener = object: CountriesAdapterListener {
    override fun onClickedItem() {
        startActivity(Intent(requireActivity(), HomeActivity::class.java))
    }
}
...
...
...
private fun setupRecyclerView() {
    countriesAdapter =
        CountriesAdapter(
            listener,
            CountriesModel.countriesList as ArrayList<CountriesModel>
        )
        ...
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The best way to tackle the Philippines' capital is to immerse yourself in it. Malay, Chinese, Spanish, Arabic, American – all these influences and more are found in everything from Manila's food scene to its architecture.
As well as having some of the best restaurants and street food in Asia – beef ramen is almost an obsession – the city offers some great sightseeing opportunities. Combine these with visiting the world's oldest Chinatown, in the Binondo district – the food, specifically the Hong Kong fare sold by the hawkers, is unbelievable.
There are 16 districts in what's called Metro Manila. The City of Manila – the western part of Metro Manila – is in turn made up of eight districts. To see the best sights, spend most of your time in Intramuros. The name – intra and muros – means 'within the walls' in Spanish. The Spaniards left in Intramuros some beautiful colonial houses and Fort Santiago, now a museum.
Also worth a visit in this district are Manila Cathedral, Metropolitan Theatre and National Art Gallery. South of Intramuros is Ermita, which also has must-see sights – Rizal Park, the Manila Ocean Park, and Museum of the Filipino People – and is a good place for bistros, restaurants and nightlife venues.
Manila is built around its energetic nightlife, creative community, and one of Asia's coolest indie music scenes. They all come together in the city's modern galleries and live music venues. But before you hit the town, take a jeepney – old US military jeeps used as public transport – to the Port Area to see the sunset at Manila Bay.
A tour of Intramuros – the 'walled city' – is a must for anyone visiting Manila. For the best alternative guide, take a tour with the very knowledgeable, very funny, very theatrical Carlos Celdran. If he can't get you excited about the city's history, no one can.
Manila has some of the most exciting markets in Asia. Salcedo Market runs every Saturday; its fresh produce is unbeatable, and it also attracts the city's trendsetters. Go there on an empty stomach – from local fare to crepes and baklava, there's delicious food on every stand.
A jeepney is what public transport looks like in Manila – old US military jeeps painted all the colours of the rainbow. They each have their own names – Delilah, Rosa – and they're basically the boss on Manila's busy roads. Jeepney Tours' shopping and spa tour ticks many a box.
Very popular with Manila's foodies in the know, Peking Garden is a fine-dining Chinese restaurant that serves the best Peking duck in town. The lunch menu is also good value, but if you're feeling flash you can reserve your own VIP room.
Prior to the launch of Vask, Chef J Luis Gonzales earned his stripes in the kitchens of three of the 10 best restaurants in the world. He brings all that experience to the table, mixing Spanish cooking with Asian ingredients. The highlight is a 14-course taster menu.
Combining two of Manila's favourite pastimes – shopping and eating – Chef Robby Goco proves it is possible to find great food in shopping malls. Green Pastures serves organic, farm-to-table food, from exotic pasta dishes to amazing tuna burgers. The homemade cheeses are not to be missed.
With rooms under $50, Casa Bocobo Hotel is one of the best mid-range properties in town. You're just a short walk from Rizal Park and around a kilometre from Intramuros, so all the best sites and places to eat and shop are on your doorstep.
This boutique hotel offers five types of rooms and five-star service, so there's something for every budget. Located in the gorgeous Intramuros district, where all the best attractions are, this makes a great base for those wanting to see the most historic sites in Manila.
As you might be able to guess from the name, Orchid Garden Suites sits in its own tropical gardens. It's a little oasis off the busy streets, and because of this some locals describe it as a 'secret hotel'. The renovated pre-war mansion is small, subtle and very stylish.
Whilst many think of Cebu as a base for island hopping, it has much more to offer than access to stunning beaches.
Emirates offers flights to Manila (MNL) and 137 other destinations. Below you'll find a selection of our flight destinations to spark your interest. Get inspired and plan and book your next flight or holiday. With Emirates you'll experience the most comfortable flight across our cabin classes. And we continually get the best reviews for onboard service. Whether you fly Economy Class, Business Class or First Class, fly with us for a great way to travel.


Prepare the file with the data.
Starting from 6 row and further there is an information on product variations.
- Attribute Values. Generate the product variations is formed on the basis of the selected (assigned) attribute. Therefore, the file should contain an attribute in a separate column.
- Parent column contains the SKU number of the parent product to which the simple ones (variations) are related to.
If the file is ready you can launch the import process in Store Manager.
2. Find and click on the 'Import Data' option in the top toolbar (or in the context menu) to start.
4. Select delimiter character step - leave the data as the they are by default or specify your own separators and delimiter characters in case you use the specific ones.
5. Link the columns from your file with the appropriate fields of the store database. Note, all linked data will be imported, the other ones will be skipped.
Make sure all necessary fields related to the attribute and variation details (like 'Attribute Values', 'Parent', 'Product Type') are assigned properly.
6. Please take into account the next stage - open the Advanced mode to be able to see the extra fields.
Note, in our example file there is a SKU as an identifier.
Launch import in case complete with the preparation.
Once the process is finished - see the results in the Store Manager.
If you have any questions or need some help to process importing of products with the variations properly - contact us and we will gladly assist you.


text:
ICAP Partner Sites
10th Conference
Membership Donate
January 13, 2020 2:36 pm Published by
Happy New Year 2020! As we recently tweeted, this year marks our 10th anniversary. PLEASE SAVE THE DATE for our 10th Annual CONFERENCE & AGM that will be divided into two sessions: a Reception & Showcase on Thursday, September 10th and our Conference & AGM on Friday, September 11th. Full details will be released in spring.
Our 9th conference in late October at Brock University, dedicated to the theme of The Italian-Canadian Experience in the Workplace was a rousing success. Featuring the workplace experiences of Italian-Canadian workers from the Niagara Region, with St. Catharines at its center, presentations on the first evening of proceedings included a glimpse into the heart-wrenching stories of the building of The WellandCanal by Arden Phair, retiredCurator of the St. Catharines Museum from his work as co-author of his work titled, Triumph and Tragedy: The Welland Ship Canal; as well as, dramatic stories of those who lost their lives in Canada, the seminal and groundbreaking collection titled the Italian Fallen Workers Memorial Project by Marino Toppan and Paola Breda and presented by Paola Breda. Led by David Sharron, Head of Archives & Special Collections at Brock University, the session shed enormous light on how to deal with the challenges and successes of collecting, working and managing archives and special collections. The dinner speaker was Donald Ziraldo, the Canadian winemaker and businessman; Member of the Order of Canada who donated his personal papers to the Special Collections, Brock University Library Archives. He commented on his immigrant family, farming, and nursery roots in the Niagara region and the events that led to his role as entrepreneur, to eventually evolve into one of the most important figures in Canadian wine history, credited with starting the first winery in Canada since Prohibition with his partner in winemaking, Karl Kaiser and, together, founding Inniskillin Winery in Niagara.
On Saturday, our second guest speaker and renowned photographer, Vincenzo Pietropaolo presented his collection The Italian Immigrant Experience Revealed, bringing to a close his two-week exhibition in the MIWSFPA Visual Art Gallery(VISA Gallery), which we all visited. As is ICAP's usual practice, we heard updates on Models of Community Activity and Support from our board members, Caterina Sotiriadis (Winnipeg) on her team's progress in collecting oral history recordings and collaborating with the Manitoba Archives; Nancy Marrelli (Montreal) on her latest work, at the Italian-Canadian Archives of Quebec, housed at the Casa d'Italia and assisted by he successful intern from Young Canada Works program; Antonella Fanella (Calgary) on moving forward with the oral history of Gina Attanasio Bloomer and Nancy Spina (P.E.I) on her work in establishing links with the local Italian Canadian Cultural Association (ICCA) established in 1973 and on the success of her Halifax grant on a project titled Italian-Canadian Women's Voices, a collection of ten stories.
Eminent historian and Professor Emerita, Carmela Patrias, author of Jobs and Justice: Fighting Discrimination in Wartime Canada, 1939-1945, chaired the first afternoon session on Discrimination, Fatal Accidents and Labour Disputes. Matteo Brera, Post-doctoral Fellow presented documents from Il Lavoratore on Mediatizing Worker'Rights, Social Politics and Anti-Fascist Propaganda in Inter-War Canada (1936-1937) using fonds from Clara Thomas Archives,York University; and Gilberto Fernandes, Post-Doctoral Visitor, Robarts Centre for Canadian Studies, York University presented Episode 2, "The Jungle" on the Brandon Union Group and Strikesof 1960-1961 taken from his seminal documentaries and website archive titled City Builders, A History of Immigrant Construction Workers in Postwar Toronto.
A feature of the afternoon was a round table and book presentation on the most recent publication by Konrad Eisenbichler, one of ICAP's board members, titled Forgotten Italians: Julian-DalmatianWriters and Artistsin Canada. This collection of articles on the Giuliano-Dalmata community in Canada is published by the University of Toronto Press (2019). After a historical introduction by Eisenbichler on the exile of this community from their native lands in Istria, Fiume/Rijeka, and Dalmatia and a chapter by Rosanna Turcinovich Giuricin on the dynamics between esuli and rimasti, the book presents eleven articles by scholars in Canada, the USA, Italy, and Croatia on various artists and writers from the Giuliano-Dalmata community in Canada such as Mario Duliani, Gianni Angelo Grohovaz, Diego Bastianutti, Caterina Edwards, Vittorio Fiorucci, and Silvia Pecota. For further information, see: https://utorontopress.com/ca/forgotten-italians-2
ICAP is also pleased to announce that ICAP members and collaborators, Marino Toppan and Paola Breda, co-authors of the Fallen Workers Memorial Project (Monumento ai Caduti; http://www.monumentoaicaduti.com/) have been awarded a gold medal by the Government of Italy, an award given for the first time ever outside Italy. The Medaglia d'Oro was presented to the Italian Fallen Workers Memorial Project and to Toppan and Breda for their ground-breaking archival research on Italian-Canadian immigration.
Last, but not least, ICAP wishes to remind our readers that a list of collaborations (research projects and the like) may be found on https://icap.ca/collaborations/. Examples of ICAP's 2019 successes include: (1) materials now permanently housed at the Clara Thomas Archives at York University, such as the Angelo Principe collection of Italian-Canadian newspapers, just to name one; (2) funding from the federal government (DHCP) for Sarnia-Lampton Archive (ICAP Sarnia); (3) the private donation for the Gianna Antanasio Bloomer oral history (ICAP Calgary); (4) the new collaboration with Manitoba Provincial Archives to house the oral history project underway in Winnipeg (ICAP Manitoba); (5) the OMEKA website platform (hosted by the University of Guelph) to house all ICAP-related projects across Canada (e.g. student oral history projects, local communities' projects ; teaching materials, and more); (6) the donation of Noelle Elia's project, the Franco Grosso cart and materials, to the Canadian Museum of History.
ICAP is a national network and registered charity that promotes a systematic, national strategy to secure the Italian-Canadian contribution to Canada's narrative, past and present.
Disclaimer: ICAP depends on its members, volunteers and collaborators to support its mandate.
Website proudly created by Simplistics Web Design Inc.

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Charter of Venice - Origin and significance
Conservation / Charter of Venice
Origin, significance and relevance for the work of restorers today
In 1964, this document was the most recognised text for international guidelines on the preservation of monuments. It is often referred to as the most important text on monument conservation of the entire 20th century.
What is the Venice Charter?
In terms of content, the Venice Charter deals with fundamental values and procedures for the conservation and restoration of monuments. The introduction to the Venice Charter emphasises the importance of monuments as living testimonies to centuries and old traditions that convey spiritual messages. It is a further development of the Athens Charter of 1931 and was developed on the basis of an international congress of architects and monument conservators.
Why does the Charter exist? The historical context of its creation
The idea for the preservation of historical monuments by means of conservation and restoration was born before the then very obvious consequences of the Second World War. In the post-war years, it became increasingly clear what an immense loss of cultural assets and, ultimately, a loss of cultural identity had occurred. The necessary reconstruction throughout Europe led to a striving for modernization, which also affected cultural assets. In this context, historians speak of a turning point in European modernity. In view of the loss of the past decades, the Venice Charter was an attempt to bundle the efforts of the past 100 years in the field of monument conservation. Moreover, all measures were redesigned with a view to contemporary and future requirements. The cultural losses in the 20th century have made all those responsible aware that the protection of cultural assets requires consistent and professional care. In this regard, the Charter should be read as a practical guide to this.
Why is it quoted more often than other charters?
The Venice Charter is still often quoted today or practically implemented in the preservation of historical monuments, as it is basically more up-to-date than ever. It still sets central standards for the conservation and restoration of cultural assets. It can therefore be considered the cornerstone of modern monument conservation, as it is practiced today by professional restorers.
Areas of application summarised in compact form
To assess its scope, it should be noted that the Charter is a final declaration of a private congress of technical experts. In contrast to the Hague Convention, it is not part of a binding international law. It is therefore not a binding law, but 'only' internationally recognised guidelines. However, a look at practice shows that the described principles for the preservation/restoration of monuments are observed by many experts.
What exactly does the charter refer to?
Compared to other charters, the openly formulated concept of monument was new. The charter thus refers to individual monuments as well as urban and so-called rural sites. Artistic creations and works whose cultural significance has yet to grow also fall within its scope. The size of the artistic creation is irrelevant. In this sense, industrial buildings may only be able to retain their cultural significance at a later date. The charter also covers ground monuments, movable monuments and areas of monuments. In terms of content, the charter essentially demands that the preservation of historical monuments and associated building interventions must not change their structural form. Should reconstructions be necessary, building contributions from all relevant epochs must be taken into account. In principle, according to the text of the charter, a restoration should always be a measure with exceptional character.
Today's significance and topicality
Although the document is now more than 50 years old and must be regarded as historical, it has lost none of its radiance and meaningfulness. Today, many of the restoration measures described are still being implemented or are in some way part of the legally established protection of historical monuments. As a classic in the field of monument conservation, this important document may be considered a canon of principles for conservation and restoration. This historical document is legitimised with unbroken topicality by the fact that it is recognised worldwide and is also practiced in the work of restorers. The objectives formulated for the preservation of cultural monuments in the Venice Charter have been incorporated in the main features of German legislation on the preservation of historical monuments.
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Category: NCAA Basketball News
Iowa State: Probe started with hoops aide
April 10, 2013 Cody Buchard NCAA Basketball News
Iowa State released fresh details Wednesday of its internal investigation into NCAA recruiting violations, saying it found "a significant number" of impermissible calls and text messages made by coaches in football, men's basketball and several other sports.
Source: UCLA to fire Howland after 10 seasons
March 24, 2013 Cody Buchard NCAA Basketball News
UCLA is expected to announce on Sunday that basketball coach Ben Howland has been fired, a source with direct knowledge of the situation said late Saturday night.
No. 1 Gonzaga survives upset bid by Southern
The Zags got pushed to the limit by Southern on Thursday, pulling out a 64-58 victory in the closing minutes to avoid becoming the first No. 1 seed to lose to a 16 in the NCAA tournament
Reports: Syracuse hoops under NCAA probe
Syracuse University's basketball program has been the subject of a wide-ranging NCAA investigation, according to multiple reports.
Braswell out as Cal St. Northridge hoops coach
Bobby Braswell is out as men's basketball coach at Cal State Northridge after 17 years that included three 20-win seasons and two NCAA tournament appearances.
ACC coaches not pleased with tourney snubs
Atlantic Coast Conference coaches are still reeling from the league's poor representation in the NCAA tournament.
Committee chair: '13 may be best tourney ever
The NCAA Selection committee claims that this year's tournament should be one of the best ever.
Announcer suspended after saying 'choke job'
February 20, 2013 Aaron Garcia NCAA Basketball News
North Dakota has suspended men's basketball play-by-play radio announcer Paul Ralston for two games after he used the phrase "choke job" following an overtime loss to Northern Arizona.
Cal coach: 'No excuse' for pushing star player
California coach Mike Montgomery said Tuesday there was no excuse for him shoving his star player during a game and that the action was completely out of character for him.
Indiana stays at No. 1 in Top 25 despite defeat
Indiana remains at No. 1 in The Associated Press' Top 25 despite losing a game this week, surviving a week of upsets to become the first team in over a month to hold onto the top ranking.


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Farewell to Rabbi Brent Gutmann
Rabbi Adi Cohen, chair of the Moetzah, shares a heartfelt farewell to Rabbi Brent Gutmann (pictured), who has served as rabbi of Beth Shalom in Auckland for the past three years.
Three years after their arrival to Auckland NZ, as the rabbinic contract ends, Rabbi Gutmann, Jill and their girls are relocating back to the U.S.A.
During the past three years, Rabbi Gutmann has made an indelible imprint in a great number of areas in his congregation, community, and region.
At home at Beth Shalom, he inspired more dynamic and musically vibrant services, and attracted a minyan more consistently than any other congregation in New Zealand. Rabbi Gutmann has enhanced a number of Beth Shalom's special observances including Slichot, Simchat Torah, Purim, and Shavuot. He contributed to expanding Beth Shalom's Shabbaton retreat into the largest annual gathering of any Jewish congregation in New Zealand.
Rabbi Gutmann would not have been so successful if not for the support of his wife, Jill. Rabbi Gutmann and Jill welcomed congregants into their home constantly during their time in New Zealand. Together they co-founded Beth Shalom's popular 20/30's young adult group and co-created a beloved Tot Shabbat program.
The couple restructured the congregations Community Care committee to support their members and singularly developed Beth Shalom's landmark Jewish chamber music concert entitled "Echoes of the Eternal," which brought esteem to Beth Shalom in the eyes of Aucklanders and significantly contributed to the congregation's 2015 budget.
Rabbi Gutmann and Jill shared knowledge through robust, regular adult learning courses and were integral to the "Auckland Florence Melton School's" Faculty. Rabbi Gutmann also served on the Faculty of the Auckland Catholic Mercy Spirituality Centre and as an Executive Board Member of the Auckland Interfaith Council.
He grew Beth Shalom in a demographically static Jewish community, created new revenue streams and encouraged more efficient financial management which allowed the congregation for the first time to simultaneously balance their annual budget and support the presence of a Rabbi.
Rabbi Gutmann brought Auckland's two Jewish congregations, Beth Shalom and Gray's Avenue closer than ever before through close relationships with Rabbis Altschul and Friedler.
Rabbi Gutmann is well regarded through our region. As the only Progressive Rabbi in New Zealand for over two years, He consulted with congregations in Dunedin, Hamilton, Christchurch and Wellington and has been an active and constructive member of the Moetzah (Union for Progressive Judaism Rabbinic Assembly).
I would like to express my gratitude to Rabbi Gutmann and his family for their passionate contribution to our region and wish him growth, satisfaction and joy with his new congregation in the States
Rabbi Adi Cohen, Temple David , Perth WA


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Milan Bartovič (* 9. duben 1981, Trenčín) je bývalý slovenský hokejový útočník.

Klubový hokej
S hokejem začínal v Dukle Trenčín. Draftovalo ho Buffalo Sabres v roce 1999. V následujících sezónách působil na farmě tohoto mužstva Rochester Americans v AHL. Svůj první zápas v NHL odehrál 2. dubna 2003 za Buffalo Sabres proti Atlantě Thrashers. Před ročníkem 2005/06 byl vyměněn do Chicago Blackhawks, ani v tomto klubu se však neprosadil.

Před sezónou 2006/07 se rozhodl vrátit do Evropy. Sezónu začal ve švédské Elitserien v klubu Malmö Redhawks, v jejím průběhu přestoupil do ZSC Curych Lions. Od roku 2007 byl oporou českého extraligového oddílu Bílí Tygři Liberec.

Sezónu 2010/11 začal v mužstvu KHL Atlant Mytišči, za které odehrál 23 zápasů, následně se vrátil zpět do Liberce. Před sezónou 2012/13 podepsal dvouletou smlouvu se Slovanem Bratislava. Zůstal v ní až do konce sezóny 2015/16. Poté se rozhodl vrátit do extraligového klubu Bílí Tygři Liberec, kde podepsal smlouvu na tři roky.V sezóně 2017/18 odehrál 24 zápasů za Bílé Tygry Liberec, pak ale přestoupil do HC Vítkovice Ridera. V létě 2018 se vrátil do rodného Trenčína.

Milníky
 2. dubna 2003 - první zápas v NHL: Buffalo Sabres - Atlanta Thrashers
 5. dubna 2003 - první gól v NHL: Buffalo Sabres - Boston Bruins

Klubová statistika

Reprezentace
 Statistiky reprezentace na Mistrovstvích světa a Olympijských hrách:

Reference

Externí odkazy

Slovenští hokejoví útočníci
Hokejisté ZSC Lions
Slovenští olympionici
Hráči draftovaní Buffalo Sabres
Hráči Buffalo Sabres
Hráči Rochester Americans
Hráči HC Liberec
Hráči HC Vítkovice
Narození v roce 1981
Narození 9. dubna
Narození v Trenčíně
Žijící lidé
Muži

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Ministries, Groups and Organizations in Saint Maximilian Kolbe Parish
Saint Maximilian Kolbe Parish invites parishioners of all ages and with varied interests to review the following list of Parish Ministries, Groups and Organizations and to become an active parish member or volunteer.
If you are interested in joining a Parish Ministry, Group or Organization, we ask you to contact the office staff at (609)-390-0664.
We will ensure that a contact person is informed of your interest.
1st Friday, 9:00 am to 4:30 pm Contact Deb, (484)-883-8905. Temporarily postponed due to COVID.
"When kids volunteer it tells others that they don't have to be perfect or famous or even grown up to make a difference." Kalynn Dobos, age 7
Contact: Cathy in the Parish Office, (609)-390-0664, to set an appointment with Monsignor Pete if you would like to be an Altar Server.
Contact Parish Office, (609)-390-0664.
Are held at Church of the Resurrection on the 3rd Sunday of the month at Noon. Saint Casimir Church is by appointment, Contact Cathy, (609)-390-0664.
Monday Evening Bible Study
See how the Holy Spirit turned frightened men and women into fearless evangelists proclaiming Christ crucified and risen from the dead as our Bible Study group studies and discusses The Acts of the Apostles using commentary by Scott Hahn, who was a prominent Presbyterian minister converted to Catholicism. We meet in the double classroom of St. Maximilian Kolbe Church in Marmora on Monday nights from 6:30-8:30 pm. If interested, call Bill at 609-602-8421 or Dianne at 609-287-3521 or just show up.
Bulletin Submissions
Due one week in advance of date when the announcement will run. Contact Helen in the parish office at (609)-390-0664.
Charismatic Prayer Group
Meets every Tuesday, 9:15 am, Church of the Resurrection classroom #2.
Adult & Children's, Contact Jack, (609)-390-2223 or [email protected]
Church Decorating Committee
Sacrament of Confirmation is held at Church of the Resurrection once a year please contact, PREP Director, Agnes, (609)-390-2203 for more information.
Meets every Wednesday, 3:00pm, Church of the Resurrection (in church), Marmora.
Meets every Wednesday, 3:00 pm, St. Casimir Church.
Eucharistic Ministers \ Lectors
We thank you for prayerfully considering our Lord's call to serve in His Name
Eucharistic Ministers are trained lay ministers with a deep understanding of the Real Presence of Jesus Christ in the bread and wine. Eucharistic Ministers share the Body and Blood of Christ with the community of parishioners united by a common faith. They assist the priest in distributing the body and Blood of Christ during Mass and by taking the body and blood into the community to those not able to be in church. Through their service, members strive to fulfill the Lord's command to Peter, "Feed my sheep." John 21:17
"Go out to all the world and proclaim the Good News." Mark 16:15
The Lector/Reader is responsible for reading aloud excerpts of the scripture during the liturgy. From the very beginning, Christians have gathered together to hear the word of God, and, from the very beginning, there have been individuals entrusted with the task of reading the word.
Please contact Cathy at the office for more information (609)-390-0664.
Family Promise
Deeds of loving-kindness are equal in weight to all the commandments. Jerusalem Talmud
Parish Volunteers – Caring for the Homeless in our Community, through this Interdenominational/ National Program.
For information please call Dianne at (609)-390-9658 or Millie at (609)-624-9023.
Sacrament of First Eucharist is held at Church of the Resurrection once a year, please contact PREP Director, Agnes, (609)-390-0664 for more information.
First Friday Meditation Group
1st Friday from 2:00 pmto 3:00 pm, Church of the Resurrection double classroom, contact Deb at (484)-883-8905.
The Food Pantry in Marmora is open Wednesday from 2:00 pm to 5:00 pm, (609)-390-0664.
The Food Pantry in Woodbine is open Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday from 9 AM to 12 PM, (609)-861-5992.
Gift Card Sales
You may purchase gift cards to various local retail stores to assist the parish. Sales are done in the parish office.
Sunday Mass is held at 10:30 am at St. Casimir, Woodbine.Temporarily postponed due to COVID.
Holy Hour & Eucharistic Adoration
1st Thursday, 6:00pm. Contact the Parish Office at (609) 390-0664.
Contact Father Pete at (609)-390-0664.
Home bound Visits
Contact the Parish Office at (609)-390-0664.
"No one cares what you know, unless they know that you care."
Members meet as needed to graciously serve parish gatherings, enhancing these functions with food and fellowship.
Contact Trish, (609)-703-9126.
…Being a man or a woman who makes a difference is a matter of choice. Byron Garrett
Monsignor James J. Zegers, Resurrection Council 9113 – Contact: Doug, (856)-207-0424, Meeting – 2nd Wednesday/mo, 7:30 pm Resurrection Church, Dbl. Classroom.
Women's Auxiliary, Council 9113 – Contact: Jacquie at (732)-691-1192, Meeting. – 2nd Wednesday/mo – 7:00 pm Resurrection Church, Rm. 6.
Contact Cathy at (609)-390-0664.
Contact the Parish Office.
Life & Justice Ministry
For more inoformation contact the Stephanie at [email protected]
1 year in advance to date of wedding, contact Cathy at (609)-390-0664 to set up an appointment.
Meditation Groups- Advent & Lent
Seasonal at Church of the Resurrection, contact Deb at (484)-883-8905. Temporarily postponed due to COVID.
Tuesday mornings at Church of the Resurrection following the 8:30 am Mass.
Instruments, contact the Parish Office, (609)-390-0664.
Nar-Anon Family Group
Nar-Anon Family Groups are a worldwide fellowship for those affected by someone else's addiction. As a twelve step program, we offer our help by sharing our experience, strength and hope.
Contact Shelly at [email protected]
"Being good is commendable, but when combined with doing good, it is useful."
Parish Nurses provide care of mind, body and spirit by offering screening, education and assistance for our parish community. Nurses and volunteer lay persons are invited to join.
Meetings are held on the 4th Tuesday of the Month in the double classroom at 6:00 pm. For further information Call Gretchen at (610)-416-9816 or email us at [email protected]
Consider being a catechist or aide for Religious Education. The only requirements are a love of your faith and children, and a willingness to share your faith with our Parish children. You do not have to be a teacher by profession. The Religious Education Office will train you and offer support throughout the year. Please contact Agnes, at (609)-390-2203 for further information.
Parish 12 Step Program ~ AA
Resurrection Church, Marmora
Meetings for AA are held every Thursday Night at 7:30 pm, Double Classroom.
Saint Casimir Church, Woodbine
Meetings for AA are held in the St. Joseph's Building
Every Monday at 10:00 am
Every Thursday at 5:30 pm Women Group
Every Friday at 6:00 pm
2nd Thursday, 7:00 pm, Immaculata Hall, contact Parish Office (609)-390-0664.
Pastoral Financial Council
Quarterly meetings in Immaculata Hall at 6:00 pm, contact Fr. Pete (609)-390-0664.
3rd Wednesday, 7:00 pm, Church of the Resurrection, contact Veronica (609)-390-1353.
Peanut Butter and Jelly Sandwich Making
4th Monday of the month, 5:00 pm via Zoom, contact Agnes (609)-390-2203.
Praying for our Adult Sons and Daughters
4th Wednesday, Church of the Resurrection double classroom, contact Debbie, (609)-214-5713.
Wednesday, 5:30 pm to 6:00 pm (except the first Wednesday of the month) at Church of the Resurrection.
Saint Casimir by appointment.
Contact Fr. Pete at (609)-390-0664.
Rosaries for our Troops
4th Tuesday, 6:30 pm, Church of the Resurrection, contact Agnes (609)-390-2203. Temporarily postponed due to COVID.
Recited Monday – Friday 8:00 am before Mass at Resurrection Church.
Tuesday, 7:00 pm, Church of the Resurrection Extension.
Contact Agnes at (609)-390-2203.
Saint Maximilian Kolbe's Adult Social Club
Contact Nadine at (302) 528-5743.
Saint Maximilian Kolbe Thrift Shop
This Thrift Shop is located in Woodbine and is open Tuesday – Saturday 9:00 am to 1:00 pm, the food pantry is open 9:30 am to 12:00 pm. For more information call (609)-861-5992.
Saint Maximilian Helpers are parishioners who volunteer to help fellow parishioners with a variety of tasks such as rides to medical appointments; Mass or confession; running errands; shoveling your steps and sidewalk; putting out the trash; vaccination appointment scheduling and transport; occasional meals; help with setting up live-streaming of the Mass on your computer; and friendly visiting by telephone. This is a pilot program, so we need to start small. At the moment, we are able to assist parishioners in the vicinity of Saint Casimir Church (Woodbine, Dennis, Tuckahoe, Belleplain). We serve adult parishioners of all ages (18 +) and all life stages. Parishioners who would like some help or telephone visiting, need to opt-in by completing a form. Then, a helper is assigned to them. Right now, there are no in-person meetings for volunteers. We stay in touch by phone and email. More volunteers are gladly welcomed! Questions? Please call Lisa at 609-861-0198. We look forward to hearing from you!
Saint Maximilian's Mosaic
4th Wednesday, 7:00 pm, Church of the Resurrection, contact Janice (609)-602-3858.
In the Gospel today, Jesus says "Whoever serves me must follow me, and where I am, there also will my servant be. The Father will honor whoever serves me."
When we help the poor, we are truly followers of Jesus, servant of the poor. And now, the need is truly intense. Many neighbors are struggling to get full week's work and manage the health impacts due to COVID. We have served our neighbors in rent, utilities, transportation, and infant supplies. In the past two months, over $4500 has been disbursed in your name! We thank you for your generosity, through which you have been the servant of the poor.
By placing a gift in the Poor Box for the Society of St. Vincent de Paul, you will give a sign of God's love to those who are suffering, and you will inspire them with Easter hope and joy.
You can share in the role as "servant of the poor" ministry by calling 609-938-6553. We welcome the many talents you can muster!
Meetings, 1st Wednesday/month 6:00 pm
Classroom area, Resurrection Church
To contact St. Vincent DePaul Society please call 609-938-6553. Leave your name, phone number and short message explain why you are contacting them.
Our website can be found at http://www.svdpmarmora.com
Thursdays, 9:15 am to 10:45 am, Church of the Resurrection classroom #2, Contact Deb: (484) 883-8905. Temporarily postponed due to COVID.
Our Ushers engender a spirit of hospitality and welcome to our faith community. They also assist individuals in sharing gifts of the spirit on behalf of the liturgy.
Contact Parish Office (609)-390-0664.
Women's Auxiliary, Council 9113 – Contact: Jacquie at (732)-691-1192, Meeting. – 2nd Wednesday/mo – 7:00 pm Resurrection Church, Double Classroom.
Saint Maximilian Kolbe Young Adult Ministry serves our young people ages 18-39. Our goal is to empower the young people to live as disciples of Jesus Christ and as active members of our parish community. Serving our young adults is important to our parish. You bring life and energy to our parish and the Church in a unique and much needed way. The Young Adult Ministry team recognizes this is a wide range of ages. We are committed to providing for the vast needs of our young people.
Please contact Susan Phillips, Coordinator of Youth and Young Adult Ministry at [email protected]
Youth Group Ministry
Saint Maximilian Kolbe Youth Ministry serves our High School youth. Our goal is to empower these youth to live as disciples of Jesus Christ and draw them into the parish community while helping them develop personally and spiritually.


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All Sound
Vesa Vehviläinen pays tribute to one of Finland's true originals, the influential musician, composer and producer Mika Vainio, who passed away earlier this month.
Writer: Vesa Vehviläinen
Photos: Karstein Volle
Karstein Volle
I'll start this off with a random personal anecdote. In 2005 I was staying in Rome for a while, and Mika Vainio had a solo concert scheduled there. I was looking forward to catching up with him and of course seeing and hearing him play. On the day of the concert I found out that the show had been cancelled because Pope John Paul II had just died, and apparently arranging any cultural activity was out of the question. Oh well. Another year, another Pope, another batch of Ø records and concerts that would keep on coming for a good while.
For two decades Mika Vainio was prolific with releases. I would try to get my hands on all of them, and each of them was nothing less than a lesson in concentration and gravity. I remember at times feeling frustrated at how good they were. Every time he would bring on new ways of condensing his sound and reaching maximum intensity with minimal means.
Every time he would bring on new ways of condensing his sound and reaching maximum intensity with minimal means.
When Panasonic's first album hit the streets in 1995, the band was already getting hyped as the next big thing. However, actually listening to the record caused an incurable confusion. These guys were the Finnish saviours of techno, sure, but not in a way you'd expect. To start with, the first track featured only static, slowly interfering sine waves. The rest of the album is equally sparse and raw. The sleevenotes told me that the music had been recorded live in the studio directly to a DAT tape. I wasn't sure if that was cool or not.
Meanwhile, Mika's solo output as Ø was the quietest and most concentrated music you could have. Way past ambient music, he dissected sounds with a surgeon's precision and presented them on a light table of silence, usually one sound at a time. Despite the initial disbelief, it wasn't hard to give in to Mika's singular vision, in either solo or collaborative format. And of course Panasonic turned out to be the greatest live band.
Mika Vainio's body of work is like a brutalist architectural monument. It finds beauty in a rough surface and is able to block the sun with its sheer heaviness and volume. His dedication to his craft was unparalleled. Both playing live and offstage he seemed uncannily restrained, but through all the seriousness a most deadpan sense of humor was apparent. Neither was humor lost when the just-renamed Pan Sonic named their new album "A" and "all sound" was given as a translation for the new band name.
Mika Vainio's body of work is like a brutalist architectural monument. It finds beauty in a rough surface and is able to block the sun with its sheer heaviness and volume.
Mika Vainio's music set a standard for all of us, aspiring makers and fans of electronic music and seekers of new ideas in marginal arts. "There is no theory" he famously said of Pan Sonic. This was pure electricity, pure intuition.
Find Mika's music at Discogs
Vesa Vehviläinen forms one half of electronic duo/visual artists Pink Twins.
Vesa Vehviläinen
Author info not found.
40 years of Thrill Power: celebrating 2000 AD (Part One)
OQM Competition: win Spoon tote bags!
An unlikely return to form: the peculiar re-emergence of Roger Waters as a viable creative force
By: Jean Ramsay
Jean Ramsay discusses the renaissance of Roger Waters as a creative force and delves deep into Waters past to explain how we've got to the here and now...... Read more
One Quart Magazine Playlist: Mopo
Our playlist returns for the first time this year with a new selection from Mopo. The band's musical eclecticism is perfectly reflected in their choices...... Read more
Cats of Transnistria send postcards from a state between dreaming and being awake.
With their new single, Astrid Swan finds that Cats of Transnistria's perpetual dream state grows into a vast, echoing and melancholy poem about love. One...... Read more
One Quart Magazine Playlist: 24 songs that made me want to start a band by Pylon King
By: Pylon King
UK based producer and musician Pylon King takes us on a formative musical adventure with this week's playlist. '24 songs that made me want to start a band'...... Read more
My Trip To Oulu Music Video Festival
By: Jaakko Mattila
Jaakko Mattila returns to his hometown as a judge at this year's prestigious Oulu Music Video Festival. Oh, and there's air guitar for you too. ... Read more
Premiere: White Balance – Girl
One Quart Magazine brings you the first view of Helsinki based electro-pop duo White Balance and their video for the hopeful breeze of Girl. ... Read more
Playlist: Antti Autio – Syksyn soittolista
Laulaja-lauluntekijä ja näyttelijä Antti Aution soittolistalla on biisejä ja artisteja, joita tekee mieli kuunnella tänä syksynä uudestaan ja uudestaan....... Read more


text:
Birthstone color list
Birthstone Chart
February Birthstone Color
The birthstone for February is the amethyst, which makes the official February birthstone color purple. Amethysts are made out of the 2nd most abundant mineral that is found in the crust of the earth, the quarts. Geodes are often lined with quartz and will sometimes contain amethyst as well. Amethysts can range in color from a rich purple to a faint mauve. Some scientists think that the purple color comes from the iron oxide content of the amethyst and others think that hydrocarbons or manganese.
History of Amethysts
The amethyst has a history of legend and lore. The stone can be traced back at least 25000 years in France where prehistoric humans used it as a decorative stone. There are also amethysts found among remains of Neolithic men.
The signet that was worn by Cleopatra is said to be amethyst and engraved with Mithras who was a deity that symbolizes the divine idea of life and light. The amethyst is said to be Saint Valentine's stone as he wore an amethyst that was engraved with Cupid, his assistant. St. Valentine's day is observed in the month of February.
Amethyst comes from amethystos, which is Greek for "not drunk." People believed that the stone would help them from becoming intoxicated. According to a story from Greco-Roman mythology, Bacchus who is the god of wine was offended by the huntress Diana. Determined to have his revenge, he declared that the first person that he would meet when he went through the forest would be eaten by tigers. The first person that he crossed was a maiden named Amethyst who was on her way to worship at a shrine to the huntress. She called for the goddess to save her and Bacchus watched the maiden turn into a white, sparkling stone image. As he realized what he had done, Bacchus poured wine over her, which is what gave the stone the violet/purple color. It was quite logical to carry over the myth that amethyst would ward off intoxication. This is why the Romans would serve wine in amethyst glasses, to prevent overindulgence.
Early Egyptians thought that the stone had good powers and would put the stones in the tombs of the pharaohs. It was used in the middle ages as a medication and was believed to dispel sleep, protect the person from sorcery, and sharpen one's intellect.
February Birth Flower
The birth flower for the month of February is the violet. This is an herbaceous plant that comes in several shades of cream, yellow, mauve, and blue. There are several varieties that are identified as pansies. The flower is the symbol for humility, faithfulness, and chastity.
Folklore states that Attis, who was an earth god who was dying, mutilated himself while standing underneath a pine tree. As a result, in the spring equinox the goddess Cybele would bring to earth a pine tree. The tree would be wrapped up in wool and decorated with violets. It was believed the flowers appeared from the blood of Attis that was on the ground.
← January Birthstone Color
March Birthstone Color →
January Birthstone Color
March Birthstone Color
April Birthstone Color
May Birthstone Color
June Birthstone Color
July Birthstone Color
August Birthstone Color
September Birthstone Color
October Birthstone Color
November birthstone color
December Birthstone Color


text:
Q: How to Get Passed Props Values in React I want to pass data to another page and use this data in that page in React.
I pass the data like below to home page:
this.props.history.push({
      pathname: '/home',
      state: { a: a, b: b, c: c}
    })

In home page, I print the state on console like this:
componentDidMount() {
   console.log(this.props.location.state);
}

It prints to the console, it works fine, however I want to print the state's a value. I tried to do this:
componentDidMount() {
   console.log(this.props.location.state.a);
}

It gives an error saying "a is undefined". So how can I get the values in state?


Seph Rodney, PhD, is a staff writer and editor for Hyperallergic and has written for CNN, MSNBC, American Craft magazine, and other publications. He has appeared on AM Joy with Joy Reid. He is featured on the podcast The American Age. He has a forthcoming book from Routledge press on the changing nature of the art museum visit. Find him at sephrodney.com.


Bulgarian Foreign Minister Daniel Mitov and Deputy Secretary General of the Council of Europe Gabriella Battaini-Dragoni visited the village of Khurvaleti near the occupation line.
They assessed on the ground the humanitarian situation resulting from the installation of barbed wire fences by the Russian occupation troops. The Bulgarian Foreign Minister and the CoE Deputy Secretary General met representatives of the local population as well.
Daniel Mitov and Gabriella Battaini-Dragoni said that they keep a close watch over the developments in Georgia's occupied territories, where, according to them, violations of human rights and property rights continue to be reported, and there is an urgent need to find peaceful ways to resolve the situation.
As part of their visit to Georgia, the Bulgarian Foreign Minister and the CoE Deputy Secretary General paid tribute to the memory of those who died for the unity of Georgia and laid a wreath at the Fallen Heroes Memorial.


The High Court of Australia and the Victorian Supreme Court of Appeal have recently handed down important decisions in connection with the duty of care owed under the Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004 (Vic) (OHS Act). The first of these decisions deals with the concept of "reasonable practicability" and will therefore have application beyond Victoria to all States and Territories operating under harmonised work health and safety laws. Both of these decisions serve as a timely reminder to review OHS compliance in your business and ensure the adequacy of your safety management system.
On 30 March 2012, the High Court handed down its decision in Baiada Poultry Pty Ltd v the Queen  HCA 14. The decision clarified what reasonable practicability requires in the context of the OHS Act.
reduced in so far as is reasonably practicable.
The test of reasonably practicable is an objective test.
The High Court's decision in Baiada confirms that control is a necessary element in the consideration of what is reasonably practicable. It also confirms that in some circumstances, a duty to do what is reasonably practicable can be discharged by engaging specialist contractors, and that the duty can be discharged even if the duty holder has not taken every possible step that it was capable of taking.
Baiada Poultry Pty Ltd (Baiada), a broiler chicken processing business, engaged independent contractors DMP Poultech Pty Ltd (DMP) and Azzopardi Haulage Pty Ltd (Azzopardi) to round up and pack chickens into crates, and transport the crates to a processing plant.
During the operation on 4 December 2005, an unlicensed DMP forklift driver used a forklift to load steel pallets carrying the crates onto a trailer. The DMP employee asked the director of Azzopardi to help shift the steel pallets to even up the load and as this was being done one of the steel pallets fell on and killed the director.
Baiada was charged with breaching s.21(1) of the OHS Act by failing to provide and maintain, so far as was reasonably practicable, a safe working environment (attributed to its failure to control how the forklift was to be operated).
Baiada pleaded not guilty, arguing that it did not have the right to control how the forklift was used because the forklift was within the control of DMP, and that Baiada was entitled to rely on DMP, as a competent and experienced contractor, to carry out the work that Baiada could not do itself.
The trial judge rejected Baiada's argument on the basis that it had contractual power to give safety directions relating to the loading activities at the farm, and that it was "entirely practicable for [Baiada] to require the contractor to put loading and unloading safety measures in place." Baiada was fined $100,000.
duty holders should assess the degree of control they have over an activity to ensure they are meeting the requirements imposed upon them under work health and safety legislation.
On 3 May 2012, the Victorian Supreme Court of Appeal in Orbit Drilling Pty Ltd v Queen  VSCA 82 upheld a $750,000 fine imposed on a Victorian employer for recklessly engaging in conduct which placed its employee in danger of serious injury.
Under s.32 of the OHS Act, a person (company or individual) who, without lawful excuse, recklessly engages in conduct which places or may place another person at the workplace in danger of serious injury, may be prosecuted. Potential penalties include fines and imprisonment.
Conduct is reckless if there is foresight on the part of an accused of the probable consequences of their actions and they turn a blind eye to the risk of serious injury arising from the danger.
Unlike the general duties which are strict liability offences, this offence is only established by proof of the requisite state of mind on the part of the accused.
On 9 December 2006 a 21 year old employee of Orbit Drilling Pty Ltd (Orbit) was killed while driving a Mack truck with defective brakes. At the time, Orbit was performing drilling works for a mining company, and the employee had been working for Orbit for just over a week.
The employee was driving a heavily loaded truck when instructed to park the truck on a drill pad which involved driving down a steep slope. At the time the truck's brakes were defective and the employee had not been effectively trained. The employee was unable to control the truck on the sleep slope, which resulted in the truck becoming airborne, rolling and killing the employee.
Orbit admitted that it had recklessly engaged in conduct which placed the employee in danger of serious injury, thereby breaching s.32. The drill crew supervisor's recklessness was attributed to the company. The company was fined $750,000 ($966,870.00 being the maximum fine available at the time).
Mr Smith, Orbit's sole director, pleaded guilty to breaching s.144 of the OHS Act, thereby admitting that Orbit had breached its general duty under s.21 (failing to provide and maintain a safe working environment) because of his failure to take reasonable care. Mr Smith was fined $120,000.
The Court of Appeal rejected Orbit and Mr Smith's argument that the fines were manifestly excessive. Unchallenged evidence showed that the truck had not been adequately maintained, nor had the employee received appropriate training. The Court was satisfied that the fatal injury to the employee highlighted the gravity of the danger to which the employee was exposed by Orbit, and the high degree of culpability attaching to its reckless conduct.
The Court endorsed the trial judge's findings that Orbit's response to the incident demonstrated how easily it could have been prevented.
The Court rejected the argument that the fines had the effect of imposing a double penalty because Mr Smith was the sole director of Orbit. The Court held there was a fundamental distinction between Mr Smith's personal liability and Orbit's corporate liability.
Interestingly, the Court expressly recommended that the adequacy of the maximum penalty under s.32 be examined "as a matter of urgency to ensure that it accurately reflects the seriousness of the offence as Parliament conceived of it." In making this recommendation, the Court noted the corresponding provision under NSW's Work Health and Safety Act which carries a maximum fine of $3 million.
the primary factor to consider when determining penalty is the objective seriousness of the offence. Subjective factors, such as an early guilty plea, cooperation with investigations and subsequent measures to improve safety, play a subsidiary role in determining penalty.
Have a comprehensive understanding of the significant safety risks arising from your business' operations.
Implement an OH&S management system that complies with applicable OH&S legislation and incorporates applicable Australian Standards, Codes of Practice and other guidance material.
If you become aware of the probability that an aspect of your business' operations will place, or may place, another person (e.g. employee, contractor or visitor) at the workplace in danger of serious injury (including death) you must act to eliminate or reduce the risk.


To explore the feasibility of using a distributed data model for ongoing reporting of local healthcare spending, specifically to investigate the contribution of utilization and pricing to geographic variation and trends in reimbursements for commercially insured beneficiaries younger than 65 years.
Commercial claims were obtained for beneficiaries in 5 states for the years 2008 to 2010 using a distributed data model. Claims were aggregated to the hospital service area (HSA) level and healthcare utilization was quantified using a novel, National Quality Forum–endorsed measure that is independent of price and allows for the calculation of resource use across all services in standardized units. We examined trends in utilization, prices, and reimbursements over time. To examine geographic variation, we mapped resource use by HSA in the 3 states from which we had data from multiple insurers. We calculated the correlation between commercial and Medicare reimbursements and utilization. Medicare claims were obtained from the Dartmouth Atlas.
We found that much of the recent growth in reimbursements for the commercially insured from 2008 to 2010 was due to increases in prices, particularly for outpatient services. As in the Medicare population, resource use by this population varied by HSA. While overall resource use patterns in the commercially insured did not mirror those among Medicare beneficiaries, we observed a strong correlation in inpatient hospital use.
This research demonstrates the feasibility and value of public reporting of standardized area-level utilization and price data using a distributed data model to understand variation and trends in reimbursements.
This study explored the use of a distributed data model and a novel method for calculating utilization to track local trends in spending for commercially insured beneficiaries.
Recent growth in spending for commercially insured beneficiaries was due principally to increases in prices, rather than increases in utilization.
Commercial utilization and spending varied across local areas and was not highly correlated with Medicare utilization and spending.
A distributed model may allow for nationwide reporting of spending and utilization to track the local effects of healthcare reform efforts.


text:
Job Title: Staff Scientist
Company Name: Health Effects Institute
Location: Boston, MA United States
Job Categories: Science
Position Announcement: Staff Scientist
Apply through: https://www.healtheffects.org/opportunity/position-announcement-staff-scientist
The Health Effects Institute (HEI) is seeking a person who has expertise in air pollution exposure assessment, epidemiology, environmental health, or related field to join our science team. The successful candidate will work closely with HEI's scientific staff and Director of Science in an intellectually engaging and collaborative work environment.
About HEI
HEI is a nonprofit corporation chartered in 1980 as an independent research organization to produce high-quality, impartial, and relevant science on the health effects of air pollution in the United States, Europe, and around the world. The research that HEI produces and funds is frequently cited in major air quality decisions by national and regional governments and international agencies. HEI typically receives balanced funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the worldwide motor vehicle industry. Other public and private organizations periodically support special projects or certain research programs. For further information about HEI, please visit www.healtheffects.org/about.
We are seeking to hire a staff scientist with 1-2 years of work or research experience post-PhD. The position is entry-level with the opportunity for promotion to a more senior role over time. The successful candidate will engage in a broad range of activities aimed at understanding and communicating the effects of air pollution on human health to inform national and international decisions on public policy interventions. The candidate will contribute to planning new research on key questions, develop requests for applications, manage the review and selection of studies for funding, oversee ongoing studies, and review reports of completed HEI studies and write commentaries on them, among other functions. The candidate might also participate in the preparation of comprehensive and authoritative reviews of important areas in air pollution research and represent HEI at professional and other meetings, both national and international, as needed. The candidate will collaborate closely with staff, directors, and our expert committees and will be engaged widely in science communication. Note that HEI staff are not actively involved in conducting independent research themselves and that this is not a research position, per se. HEI is committed to advancing diversity, equity, and inclusion in the environmental health sciences, and the candidate will be expected to contribute to these efforts.
Ph.D. or equivalent degree in a quantitative discipline relevant to air pollution, environmental health, and policy (e.g., environmental or social epidemiology, exposure assessment, environmental health, atmospheric sciences, or biostatistics).
Work or educational experience related to air pollution or environmental health and project management.
Excellent writing, public speaking, and science communication skills; fluent in English.
Strong interpersonal skills, ability to work with people from diverse technical and geographic backgrounds.
A self-starter, able to work independently, within collaborative teams, and across multiple projects.
Strong quantitative, analytical, and data-visualization skills; reference management skills a plus.
Authorization to work in the United States without sponsorship required.
HEI is an equal opportunity employer that offers competitive salaries, excellent benefits, and a stimulating environment.
Excellent work-life balance.
Starting salary $78-108k, based on a 35-hr work week and factors such as candidate experience, skills, training, and internal team equity.
Generous vacation, holiday, parental, and sick leave.
Generous contribution by HEI to a 403(b)-retirement plan.
80% of health and 100% of dental premiums are covered by the organization.
Fully paid life insurance.
Flexible spending accounts offered for health, child, and elder care expenses.
Pre-tax commuter benefits.
HEI values opportunities for in-person interaction among staff and with its scientific committees but provides flexibility for working remotely.
The Health Effects Institute is an equal opportunity employer committed to inclusive hiring and dedicated to diversity within and across its work and staff. We maintain that staff from diverse backgrounds, beliefs, and culture help us to fulfill our mission and therefore encourage candidates from all cultures, races, colors, religions, sexes, national or regional origins, ages, disability status, sexual orientation, gender identity, military, and protected veteran status or other status protected by law to apply for this position. We endeavor to provide a safe and welcoming environment for all at HEI, free from discrimination of all types.
Interested applicants should submit their applications to HR@healtheffects.org
and include the following items:
Cover letter that briefly expresses interest in and qualifications for the position. Please include salary expectations, authorization to work in the United States without sponsorship, and any need for assistance or an accommodation due to a disability. Please also indicate where you saw the job advertised.
Curriculum vitae.
Two samples of independent writing.
HEI will not consider incomplete applications. Final candidates will be asked to provide names of three references who will not be contacted without advance notice to you.
Please include "Staff Scientist 2023 Position" in the subject line. Review of applications will begin in early January, with interviews in late January; however, the position will remain open until a suitable candidate is found. Anticipated start date is in spring 2023. All applications received before January 15, 2023, will receive full consideration. Interviews will be conducted virtually.
Health Effects Institute
75 Federal Street, Suite 1400, Boston, MA 02110
Contact Email: hr@healtheffects.org


Ghonchu was a smart, competitive professional who had the excellent ability to talk to people face-to-face. However, his telephonic conversation skills were yet to improve, hitherto as seen previously.
Ghonchu was having his regular afternoon siesta in his office cabin when sudden music filled his cabin - "Main tera hero oo oo hero oo". Ghonchu turned comfortably in his sleep feeling happier with the music. He began to dream of singing these words to Sweetu.
The music continued - "Tu mera hero oo oo Tu mera hero". Ghonchu's subconscious realized that it was highly unlikely that Sweetu would sing those words back to him and jerked wide awake suddenly as he realized that was his phone ringing.
"Hello", spoke an obviously irate Ghonchu.
"Telugu Radu." (I don't know Telugu).
There was a pause. Ghonchu wondered if he should try speaking Telugu, but his past experiences in speaking a language he didn't know had not been good.
Now Ghonchu got disturbed. Sweetu was the last thing on his mind now. He now changed his tone. Virat Kohli would have been proud him.
(Ghonchu added 'I don't know Kannada' and 'I don't know Tamil' as a safety measure not sure what language was being spoken).
Something of the sort did happen with Abhijk.
But ringtone and first part is purely fictitious.


We look forward to hearing from you. If you do not receive a response within 3 working days, please try again.
Reach us in Costa Rica at (office) 011-506-2444-0321 (cell) 011-506-8357-9893) We also use Whats App or Facetime.


text:
To Find The Next Antibiotic, Scientists Give Old Drugs A New Purpose
By Luisa Torres
Published August 12, 2019 at 3:29 PM EDT
Scientists are exploring new drugs that can fight antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as MRSA.
With antibiotic-resistant bacteria on the rise, scientists are urgently trying to find drugs that will work against persistent infections. But coming up with new ones does not have to be the only strategy.
A recent study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that they can repurpose bithionol — a drug formerly used to treat parasitic infections in horses — to kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including MRSA, a common hospital-acquired infection.
The results not only suggest a promising treatment for this infection but hint at new ways scientists could tackle the problem of antibiotic resistance, by exploring new uses for old drugs and also using them in combination with traditional antibiotics.
"There's a whole lot of effort these days to try and repurpose compounds to address the antibiotic resistance challenge," says Gerry Wright, a professor in the department of biochemistry and biomedical sciences at McMaster University in Canada who studies how bacteria become resistant to antibiotics.
"It's nice to see a result like this because it does tell us that there's lots of interesting molecules out there, even molecules that used to be used for something else," says Wright, who was not involved in the study.
The work was a collaborative effort among researchers at Brown, Emory and Harvard universities. Their idea was to find an existing drug that could target the bacteria's membrane, a part of the bacteria that most antibiotics don't attack.
The membrane "is the only target that you can go after that the bacteria can't really avoid," says Dr. Eleftherios Mylonakis, professor of infectious diseases at Brown University and corresponding author of the study.
MRSA, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is the bug responsible for some cases of pneumonia, as well as skin and blood infections. The bacteria are especially dangerous for older or sick patients who don't have strong immune systems.
MRSA infections contain bacteria known as persisters, which protect themselves against antibiotics by becoming "couch potatoes," says William Wuest, associate professor of chemistry at Emory University and one of the authors of the study. They go into a low-energy, dormant state, and this allows them to escape the attack of common antibiotics, which target the ability of the bacteria to grow and reproduce.
A membrane that controls what comes in and out surrounds the inside of all bacteria. The membrane is always there, even if the bacteria are not actively growing. This makes the bacterial membrane an attractive point from which to attack persisters.
The scientists started by looking for existing drugs that could penetrate the membrane of MRSA persisters.
They performed a screen of more than 80,000 known drugs. They infected worms known as C. elegans with MRSA and then tried the drugs to see which would kill the MRSA bacteria, but not the worms. They found 185 drugs that passed this screen, but only a few of them, including bithionol, could penetrate the membrane of persister bacteria.
The scientists then showed that bithionol could kill MRSA persisters in a lab dish within 24 hours, while conventional antibiotics like daptomycin and linezolid could not.
While it was known that bithionol had some antibacterial activity, the results from this study indicate that it "is actually much more potent than what had been previously reported," says Meghan Blackledge, assistant professor of chemistry at High Point University, who researches treatments for MRSA. Blackledge was not involved in this study.
But the researchers found a potential problem with bithionol — it's destructive. When used in high doses, it makes the bacteria burst open and die. For bithionol to be a safe antibiotic treatment in humans, the scientists had to show that it could penetrate only the membranes of bacteria, not those of human cells.
Unlike the membranes of bacteria, the membranes of human cells and those of other mammals contain cholesterol, which makes for a more densely packed and difficult-to-penetrate membrane. Using computer simulations, the scientists showed that bithionol could penetrate only the membranes of bacteria, not those of mammalian cells.
Another problem with antibiotics that kill bacteria by bursting them open is that they might generate resistance. This is because bacteria adapt to being attacked and can change in ways that reduce the effectiveness of antibiotics.
The researchers designed an experiment to see whether the drug could work without bursting the bacteria's membranes. They tried the drug in mice that had an established MRSA infection in their thighs. They used a lower dose of bithionol that couldn't kill the MRSA persisters on its own and combined it with the traditional antibiotic gentamicin. The combination eradicated 90% of the MRSA thigh infection, while other common antibiotics alone did not.
The lower dose of bithionol penetrated the membrane of MRSA persisters, but instead of breaking the membrane open, it loosened it up to allow gentamicin to kill the bacteria from the inside.
An advantage of bithionol is that it can be used at a concentration at which it's not able to kill MRSA on its own and that it can be combined with traditional antibiotics that can finish the job. For example, gentamicin isn't normally used to treat infections in humans because the dose at which it works might cause kidney damage. But by combining it with bithionol the researchers were able to use gentamicin at lower concentrations.
"I really think that the future for overcoming antibiotic resistance is these combination therapies where we can use lower doses of the more toxic antibiotics," says Wuest.
Wright says the potential for bacteria to become resistant to bithionol still exists. "In my view, there's no such thing as a compound that bacteria cannot get resistance to," says Wright. "It's not obvious to me how it'll happen, but I'm quite sure that at some point it will happen."
Wuest agrees. "I would hesitate to say that [bithionol] would never be able to have resistance generated against it," he says. "But the mechanism by which it works ... makes me more optimistic."
Luisa Torres is an AAAS mass media fellow on NPR's science desk. She's on Twitter: @luisatorresduq
NPR HealthAntibioticbacteriabithionol
Luisa Torres
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