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ICASA rejects TopTV adult channels
27th January 2012 @ 12:00
South African regulator The Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) has refused to grant permission for local pay TV operator TopTV to launch three adult entertainment channels.
The company had hoped to launch Playboy Europe, Private Spice and Adult XXX on its service but the regulator has turned down its application. ICASA has said that it would provide reasons later for its decision.
"We advise that the Council of the Authority decided, after careful consideration, to refuse On Digital Media Ltd's application for the authorisation of the video channels," ICASA said in a letter to TopTV.
Tags: Regulation, South Africa
Four agencies in for UEFA marketing rights
Four sports marketing agencies have reportedly emerged as the leading bidders in UEFA's club competitions rights distribution auction. According to SportBusiness, UEFA's long-time agency partner Team Marketing – which has distributed the rights since 1992 – has submitted a bid, while other large agencies are also bidders including IMG, Infront and Relevant Sports Group. All […]
Starlink sets out stall for India
SpaceX-owned Starlink has said that it will apply for a commercial licence in India in 2022. Expansion into India would see the company provide broadband and other services in the country. The news comes via Sanjay Bhargava, Starlink Country Director, India at SpaceX, who posted an update on LinkedIn stating: "We hope to have applied […]
Discovery emerges as potential BT Sport suitor
Discovery has reportedly entered into talks with BT to buy BT Sport. This is a late development for the for-sale broadcaster, which is said to be in the late stages of negotiations with DAZN regarding a £600 million takeover deal. By contrast to DAZN, which reportedly wants to buy the broadcaster, the FT claims that […]
New board for Open Fiber following takeover
Italian broadband operator Open Fiber has announced the appointment of Mario Rossetti as its new CEO. The announcement comes less than a month after Australian investment bank Macquarie and state lender Cassa Depositi e Prestiti (CDP) won EU regulatory approval to takeover the operator. In addition to the appointment of Rossetti – who replaces interim […]
Addressable advertising in France ramps up with Bouygues launch
Digital UK and Freesat come together
Pluto TV taps Blue Ant for 650 hours of content
TF1-M6 merger takes a step forward with employee groups' approval


Hello everyone! I'm Lisa over at The Polish Playground. After I heard about the nail break from Essie on Facebook, I wanted to help her out so here I am guest posting for her blog. Since this is my first time doing a guest post, I wanted to make it extra special. I decided to do a manicure which I've always wanted to try which is where all the nails have a different design from one another. Let's see what I created!
First, I applied Julep Nail Therapy as my base coat. The polishes I used to create this manicure are American Apparel Rose Bowl, American Apparel Office, American Apparel Coney Island, Windestine Jeweled Sand, and Finger Paints Tough Art To Follow. I also used a dotting tool. Lastly, I applied Seche Vite Fast Drying Top Coat to seal in the design and to add some shine.
Thank you to Essie for having me guest post over at her amazing blog! It was a pleasure to do so since I'm a huge fan of hers with her amazing photo quality and comparison posts that she does.
I hope everyone enjoyed seeing my manicure as well! You can see more from me over at my blog, The Polish Playground and you can like me over at Facebook for blog updates too. Bye everyone!
These are gorgeous Lisa! I love everything about this manicure:) Thank you so much for taking the time to guest post! Have a great day everyone.
love! the color combo is great - super vintage looking. and i love the roses. you did a great job!
What I love most in this kind of mani is the creativity to mix the colors and textures... really nice!
Thanks! I wanted to try something different so I went a little crazy, haha!
It's a guest post:) I sure wish I could do this! It's from Lisa at Polish Playground.
Theres just something about lite green and pink together! So pretty!


Anyone can experience feelings of burnout, especially when they've been giving themselves wholeheartedly to a cause or charity. The good news is that this philanthropic fatigue doesn't have to be permanent. Here are just a few ways to bring the spark back to your giving.
Clean up a beach. Build a house for the homeless. Sponsor third-world children who send you pictures of their new clothes and backpacks. It's easy to forget about the difference that you're making when you can't actually, physically see the results of your hard work, so engineering that sight can remind you why you're doing it in the first place. There's no shame in wanting proof of your altruism and how it's helping the world.
"End global hunger" is a noble mission, but it isn't the kind of thing that you can accomplish over the weekend. If you're feeling hopeless or listless about your charitable efforts, try scaling them back for awhile. Instead of trying to feed the world, feed one neighborhood. Launch a food drive that you can successfully execute and feel good about accomplishing.
Are you running a nonprofit? Are you bogged down by grants, permits, invoices, tax forms and volunteer applications? Ask yourself how many of these documents are actually necessary. Some of them might be unavoidable, but others can be cut back, combined with other paperwork or streamlined through automated software. You didn't get into charity work to be stuck behind a desk all day, and that's one of the reasons why you're feeling dissatisfied with your current efforts.
Speaking of volunteers, they can be a great way to bring new life to your organization. They're usually bright-eyed and full of energy for the tasks ahead, and they can also offer fresh perspectives to help you solve problems or brainstorm new fundraising ideas. Never doubt the power of one motivated individual to spread their zeal around the whole office.
These are just a few ways to rediscover your passion and dedication for charitable giving. It's perfectly normal to experience a slump every now and then, but it's important that you don't let your current fatigue prevent your future happiness. Good luck!


Large copper hoops of a romantic shape! The heart-shape looks very lovely and is sure to draw much attention! Although the hoops are large, they are comfortable and lightweight. Great for casual wear! You can wear them all day long without any discomfort! If you're a jewelry designer or just fond of making something unusual, you may use the hearts as a base for making beaded earrings! Do you want the hoops in silver? Just write me!


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Home › Issues › OTHER VOICES: Voltairine de Cleyre
OTHER VOICES: Voltairine de Cleyre
By on October 21, 2018 • ( 0 )
America's "Greatest Woman Anarchist" Who Rebelled Against the Accepted Order
Editor's Note: The New York Times has in an occasional series featured obituaries of women whose life stories have been overlooked; this excerpt features one of them.
At 24, Voltairine de Cleyre appeared before Philadelphia's Unity Congregation to deliver a lecture, provocatively titled "Sex Slavery." She appealed to the assembled crowd: "Let woman ask herself, 'Why am I the slave of man? Why is my brain said not to be the equal of his brain? Why is my work not paid equally with his?'"
The year was 1890. It was a time of rampant income inequality, stifling social roles for women and church-mandated morality, and many in the growing American middle class were ready for change.
De Cleyre rebelled against the accepted order and delivered searing critiques of capitalism and state power, whose abuses she saw manifested in many facets of life, from labor to prisons to marriage…. She adopted anarchism as a political philosophy and became one of the movement's most prominent and determined supporters, establishing a reputation as a transfixing speaker and earning the admiration of her fellow freethinkers.
Her contemporary, Emma Goldman, called her "the poet-rebel, the liberty-loving artist, the greatest woman anarchist of America."
De Cleyre, who was named after the Enlightenment philosopher Voltaire, was born November 17, 1866, in Leslie, Michigan. Her father, Hector de Cleyre, was an itinerant tailor from France who won his American citizenship fighting in the Civil War.
The question 'Why I am an Anarchist,' she wrote in 1897, "I could very summarily answer with, 'because I cannot help it.'
The assassination of President William McKinley by anarchist Leon Czolgosz in 1901 unleashed a wave of anti-anarchist sentiment. When Senator Joseph R. Hawley of Connecticut offered $1,000 to anyone who shot an anarchist, de Cleyre responded with a letter telling him to save his money; he could kill her.
"I will stand straight before you at any distance you wish me to, and you may shoot, in the presence of witnesses," she wrote. "Does not your American commercial instinct seize upon this as a bargain?" Voltairine de Cleyre died on April 17, 1912, at the age of 45.
—Michael B. Dougherty, October 15, 2018.
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Categories: Issues, National
Tags: anarchist, de cleyre, women in history
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Reawaken your confidence through rekindling the health of your hair, with this travel size tube of the TIGI Bed Head Resurrection Conditioner. If you were born to experiment with your hair and have gone from dying to frying it, with different colours and straighteners, then you really need this in your arsenal.
This resurrection conditioner was designed for anyone with chemically damaged hair, as it has been specifically made with a formula that repairs the damage caused by chemicals. With this 200ml tube of conditioner, you can revive your luscious locks and bring them back to their former glory, making your colour and style stand out even more.


Congratulations to our teams on a very succesful 17/18 season in the Chelmsford & District League. Our Yr6's winning the cup & Finishing 2nd in league, our Yr9's & Yr10's winning their leagues, our Yr11's finishing 2nd in their league. Also success in various rallys with our teams winning or finishing runners up in a number of different events.
Congratulation to all our players, coaches & team managers on such a successful season.
The club have held some Masterclass Training sessions with England & Superleague Players, the girls have benefitted from specialist training which in turn improves their own performances on court. So far we have had Becky Trippick from Surrey Storm & current Engalnd Goal Shooter Jo Harten & Herts Mavericks, Lindsay Keable with many more to come.
To give us an idea of who's been visiting us here or to leave us a comment, you can write in the guestbook.
Remember to bring a waterproof Jacket & a Drink to training. We train outside in all weathers, except extreme weather conditions.
If you are unable to attend training, please inform your Coach / Team Manager ASAP. Please do not ask another player or friend to pass on a message as quite often this does not reach us.
The club have a regular register of attendance for every training session.


The things you never thought you wanted until now, all under one (virtual) roof!
Below are some of the items you can get in the February Teachtreat gift subscription box. You are welcome to order items separately, or why not save some money and get the whole box for only a tenner!


WASHINGTON (Sputnik) - Earlier in January, US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo warned that if Tehran went ahead with plans to carry out space launches in the coming months, Iran would face more economic and diplomatic pressure.
Iran's failed attempt to launch a satellite into orbit with a three stage rocket demonstrates the Islamic Republic's intent to develop missiles able to reach as far as Europe, Mike Pompeo said in a statement on Tuesday.
— Secretary Pompeo (@SecPompeo) 15 января 2019 г.
Earlier in the day, Iran attempted to launch a satellite into orbit but the rocket's third stage failed to provide enough speed to reach the orbit, Iranian Information and Communications Technology Minister Mohammad Javad Azari Jahromi said.
Iran plans a second satellite launch in the coming days in what the nation claims is a space exploration programme, while claiming that rocket launches do not violate a Security Council resolution, related to the country's nuclear programme.
Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif has insisted that the country's space programme does not violate the aforementioned resolution.
Iran has recently made significant progress in its space programme with the launch of its Simorgh Satellite Launch Vehicle in July 2017. The United States, the United Kingdom, Germany and France in a joint statement condemned the launch, saying it contravened UN Security Council Resolution 2231.
Unanimously adopted on 20 July 2015, United Nations Security Council Resolution 2231 endorsed the international nuclear deal, formally called the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). The resolution laid out a plan for removing the UN sanctions on Iran in exchange for strict monitoring of its nuclear programme, which the country insists is peaceful.
The United States withdrew from the JCPOA in May 2018, and Tehran has since accused Washington of violating the UNSC resolution. Iran has also denied that its missile programme violates the resolution. Washington, for its part, has reimposed sanctions against Tehran that had been lifted under the JCPOA. The first package of US restrictions came into force in August. In early November, Washington imposed new sanctions targeting core sectors of Iran's economy.
Following last year's ministerial meeting on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, China, Russia, and Iran announced that the European Union would establish a financial mechanism, known as a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), to enable trade with Tehran, bypassing the Trump administration's reimposed restrictions.
Last week, Mike Pompeo said Washington was planning to tighten sanctions on Iran. However, Pompeo stressed the United States was ready to "open a new chapter" in relations with the Islamic Republic once it meets the 12 demands that the secretary outlined during an address in May.
Those demands include allowing unlimited international inspections of Iran's nuclear programme, halting Tehran's support for Hezbollah and other militant groups in the region, withdrawing all Iranian military forces from Syria, and releasing all US citizens being detained in the Islamic Republic, among other things.
Tehran, for its part, has responded to those demands by listing its own to European states.


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If you can be funny, experience not blame to put in a sprint of wit to your dialog.
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So as to write a high quality thesis article you might have to be persuasive and can prove your case regardless of what. You have to just take a stand whilst composing a ICSE essay. Find out why it is you're creating what you are writing. They don't get a plenty of time to really contemplate creating a amazing article creating possibility. When composing a report isn't your normal activity, you'll have to rearrange specific matters inside your lifestyle to have the writing done. Really, it really is coherence that generates a piece of writing simple to understand and simple to comprehend. Appeal for their own feelings so the reader forms a personal link by way of your article. That is, utilize an operator that is connected to your own composition subject. Precisely the same is true for an essay.
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The question of whether humans are inherently selfish or selfless has long been a struggle to answer. Yale Ph.D. candidate Adam Bear and Professor David Rand strive to explain human behavior of cooperation and selfishness with a theoretical game theory model.
A study led by André Taylor, associate professor of chemical and environmental engineering at Yale, presents a new method of creating transparent lithium-ion batteries. The development brings science closer than ever before to the realization of invisible electronics.
Richard Lethin YC '85 fell in love with science at a young age as he watched his father work to design radar. He has carried this enthusiasm with him throughout his life, from his time at Yale to his work as an engineer, and now to his role as president of Reservoir Labs.
A new software program from Yale computer science professor Julie Dorsey and her company, Mental Canvas, blends together art and science, allowing people to sketch in 3D.
In Fall 2015, professor Brian Scassellati will be leading CS50 at Yale, a new computer science course. The introductory level course aims to make computer science more accessible to Yalies across all disciplines.


9 Hagner or Australia Post binders each containing 75 mainly size 1 and 2 Hagner sheets. VG condition. To be collected.
Prinz 16 and 32 page and VST 16 page (3) deluxe stockbooks new. Also Hallmark album pages pack of 50 unopened. (10 packs). To be collected.


Major League Baseball season started this week, and the league's rules committee will allow wearables to hit the diamond for the first time. During games, MLB players can wear a Motus Baseball Sleeve to keep tabs on elbow stress and the Zephyr Bioharness heart and breathing monitor. For now, those are the only two approved devices for in-game use. Yes, this means gadgets like Jawbone, Fitbit or other more consumer-friendly devices are still prohibited.
The idea is to use the sleeve and heart-rate sensor for early injury detection by tracking a player's habits. However, the collected data can't be transmitted during games, so teams will have to download it after the ninth inning. Details on a pitcher's throwing motion during a game could be used to prevent serious injuries that lead to procedures like Tommy John surgery. To help ease privacy concerns from the player's union, all of the gathered data can only be used internally and it will be shared with the player. Let's just hope the Cardinals don't get a hold of it.
The rules committee also approved two batting swing sensors for on-field use during workouts from Blast Motion and Diamond Kinetics. However, those two devices still cannot be used outside of warm-ups, batting practice and other training sessions. While some may welcome the use of tech on the diamond, not all players are fans of the change.
"The next thing you know, the pitcher's going to have a phone in his pocket taking selfies," Yankees outfielder Brett Gardner told the Associated Press.


You can expect a lot from the 2015 Nissan Altima. With less than 40,000 miles on the odometer, this 4 door sedan prioritizes comfort, safety and convenience. Under the hood you'll find a 4 cylinder engine with more than 170 horsepower, and for added security, dynamic Stability Control supplements the drivetrain. All of the premium features expected of a Nissan are offered, including: front and rear reading lights, variably intermittent wipers, a trip computer, fully automatic headlights, remote keyless entry, an overhead console, and power windows. Audio features include a CD player with MP3 capability, steering wheel mounted audio controls, and 6 well positioned speakers. Nissan also prioritized safety and security by including: dual front impact airbags, head curtain airbags, traction control, brake assist, a panic alarm, and 4 wheel disc brakes with ABS. This car was designed with safety in mind, allowing you to drive with even greater assurance. This vehicle has achieved Certified Pre-Owned status, by passing Nissan's comprehensive certification process, including a comprehensive 156 point inspection! You will have a pleasant shopping experience that is fun, informative, and never high pressured. Please don't hesitate to give us a call.


How many times have you gotten paid for your writing?
If you're like the 30.5% of writers we surveyed, you haven't even gotten paid once.
That's a big problem. You can't pay your bills with free work, even if that means an article in the Huffington Post, Forbes, or any other giant publication.
You need (and deserve) work that pays well.
Unfortunately, unpaid work is extremely common. 54.3% of our survey respondents said that they have had more unpaid work than paid work.
It's so common that a false narrative has developed around it.
Freelance writers are often taught that they have to take on unpaid work at first in order to build a portfolio. You've probably heard this before.
The idea is that you climb the ladder much like you would in a corporate job, starting out as an unpaid intern and working your way up to a paid employee.
However, it doesn't always work like that. Many writers struggle just to find unpaid writing opportunities in the first place.
So how can a writer ever get paid? You're about to find out.
There are two main reasons why freelance writers don't get paid.
The first reason is not knowing where to get paid.
Many of our survey respondents said they couldn't find anywhere to pay them well for their work.
Content mills are a popular option for getting paid as a writer, but they don't pay well at all (often less than 1¢ per word) and have no flexibility.
But sadly, most writers don't know where else to look. Content mills like Textbroker and freelancing platforms like Upwork have taken over the industry to the point where writers are lost without them.
There are alternatives (more on that in a second), but they're often called unreliable because they don't offer daily work like mills do. Many writers don't even know about these alternatives.
The second reason is thinking paid work is impossible to get.
Because high-paying work is hard to find for so many writers, it's considered a pipe dream. Many writers believe that paid work takes a long time to get or that it's reserved for the upper echelons of writers.
As a result, writers don't actively seek paying work. The lack of knowledge of where to look makes them give up.
Writers don't give up because they're lazy––they give up because they've tried and failed. They develop a mindset that unpaid work is just how it is and maybe someday it'll pay off.
Thankfully, it's a lot easier than you might think to get works that pays you well.
That's not to say that you can get a $1/word job in the next five minutes. It will take some work, but the payoff is great.
At Writing Launch, we value transparency and honesty, so we're not going to sugarcoat things.
The brutally honest truth about high-paying work is that it's not always as consistent as mills or platforms.
It certainly can be, but that's not always the case. Of course, that doesn't make it worse––you're trading low pay and high consistency for higher pay but lower consistency.
You might be getting daily work from a content mill, but does it pay well? Are you happy with your career and where it's headed? Are you doing what you want?
Many writers would say "no" to all of those questions. They're looking for something better.
If you want freelance writing work that pays well, you'll have to consistently put time and effort into finding that work.
You'll have to spend time every day seeking out work, sending pitches, and contacting prospects. You'll need to learn about selling what you do and crafting the right proposals.
If you want to get the freelance writing jobs that you dream of, finding work will have to be part of your daily work routine.
This is why many writers choose mills or platforms. They don't know where to look, and they feel like they don't have time.
But even if you feel like you don't have time to look for work, you do.
And even if you've never gotten paid for your freelance writing, you can.
Without further ado, here's exactly how you can start getting paid without content mills or freelancing platforms.
Before you do anything else, you need to determine what your niche is and what your offer is. Let's tackle each of those one by one.
The ideal niche has three important characteristics: sufficient interest, activity, and pay.
If you only use one or two of these factors to determine your niche, you won't see the best results.
For example, if you choose a niche just based on your interests, you could find out that there's just no market for writing in that niche.
Once you've settled on a niche, think about what you have to offer. In other words, consider why anyone should buy your writing.
How will people benefit from your writing? Focusing on the benefits you provide will help you communicate your value better.
It helps to create a value statement to better understand what you can provide.
You need to be able to communicate your value before you look for work. It's an important step that you can't overlook.
There are two basic methods of finding freelance work: searching and networking.
Searching is exactly what it sounds like: looking for freelance writing jobs. This usually involves perusing online job boards.
Networking is reaching out to people you know (or even strangers) to find work. Your coworker might know someone who needs writing done, or perhaps a friend of a friend needs web copy.
Both of these techniques are good, but we'll focus on searching.
If you haven't had success with getting paid for your writing, you might want to start here. Guest posting (i.e., writing articles for blogs as a guest author) is one of the easiest ways to get paid for your writing.
You don't need any experience to get started, and you can guest post in almost any niche you can think of.
It's a simple process. Find a blog that accepts guest posts, pitch an article, and get published and paid!
It's important to note that usually you shouldn't send any work until after you get paid, but guest posting is the exception to that rule. You have to send the content in first, and then you get paid.
We do recommend that you try to find blogs that initially ask for pitches and not entire articles. Also, be diligent in making sure the blog does indeed pay writers. Who Pays Writers is a helpful resource for this.
To help you get started, here's a list of 50 blogs that accept guest posts.
Still have questions? Check out our webinar on blog writing that's almost an hour and a half long.
This link aggregator site is an unlikely spot to find writing jobs, but it's proven effective for many writers. It looks intimidating, but you get the hang of it rather quickly.
Two communities within Reddit, /r/forhire and /r/hireawriter, are populated with job postings from individuals and companies who need writing done. If you're interested in learning more about finding freelance writing jobs on Reddit, here's a guide.
There are many other job boards that can prove useful for freelance writers. Keep in mind that there's a fair bit of spam on these boards, so you'll need to navigate them carefully.
Look for jobs in your niche, and make sure the payment information is specifically stated.
Remember, never work without a contract, and never send any work until you get paid (unless you're guest posting).
Getting paid well for your work is completely possible.
Content mills and freelancing platforms would like you to think that it's not, but it is.
You will have to actively look for work every day, and it might get discouraging from time to time. However, it gets much easier as time goes on, and you can set your own rates and make your own rules.
If you've never gotten paid before, try out these techniques. And if you have any questions, don't hesitate to ask in the comment section.
Are you having trouble getting paid for your writing? Are you going to try any of these techniques? Let us know in the comments!


Does Clenbuterol Steroids deliver internationally? Yes, Clenbuterol Steroids ship anywhere in the world. Austria as well. Free shipping can be applied for some countries.
There are Several Clenbuterol Products You Can Acquire in Austria, Which is the Most Perfect for You?
Clen or Clenbuterol Hydrochloride is classified as a sympathomimetic drug. Sympathomimetic drugs imitate the results of the hormonal agent epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). Clenbuterol is frequently recommended as a bronchodilator and is regularly used by sufferers of major asthma. It has a great thermogenic result and this is why people use it for weight reduction.
Clenbutrol is a powerful thermogenic and weight loss legal alternative to among the most popular steroids of perpetuity called Clenbuterol (Clen). Historically, Clen has been used by many people due to the fact that it was such a reliable fat burning and cutting steroid.
Clenbutrol is among the best product on the Clenbuterol markets today and it already has managed to prove its efficiency. Where can I purchase Clenbutrol in Austria? You can buy Clenbutrol Clenbuterol online from the official website. You can put an order from numerous parts of the world including Austria.
Purchasing Clenbuterol Ambroxol products on the internet can be a bit complicated. If you're looking to purchase these products on the internet, do your homework and shop around for the best deal. Purchasing Clen Steroids items on the internet can be more efficient than purchasing the products in stores. When purchase Clen Steroids online, make sure to provide we have the most typical payment approaches. The routine credit card, debit card, and Paypal are a must. Extra choices will likewise be useful in increasing conversion rates. Plus, if you are a regional shop then "pay at door action" might also be a practical choice given that a variety of users still are unsure of providing credit card info online.
Labels on Clenbuterol Ambroxol item must consist of the following information: statement of identity, net amount of contents, instructions for usage, a supplement facts panel, listing serving size, quantity and active ingredients, other active ingredients in descending order of predominance, and the name and business of the producer, packer or supplier. Always follow the manufacturer's everyday suggested dosage - more isn't always better. If a producer states to take two capsules per day, that's all you ought to take. If you take multiple supplements, examine to see if you are getting the exact same component from numerous sources to make sure you do not surpass the recommended day-to-day allowance for any private ingredient.
Is There a Website That Provide Clenbuterol to Austria?
CrazyBulk will certainly ship their item worldwide, including to Austria. Customers merely need to choose their country of home when completing their information on the order form. They also show a returns address for global customers and also those from Austria on their returns page, proposing they need to ship to Austria on a regular basis if they really feel the need to reveal a different address for Austria. They provide an explanation of how much shipping prices related to overseas delivery, so users ought to not be concern of any sort of extra hidden expenses. Clenbuterol Ambroxol is only offered online from the CrazyBulk official internet site and ships worldwide, with a 30-day money-back warranty.
Clen generally has a half-life of in between 24-36 hours, and can still be discovered in the bloodstream 2 Days after administering. Due to the relatively moderate half-life, this substance is incredibly popular among athletes who need to pass drug tests.
We covered how a normal clenbuterol cycle consists of 2 weeks on and 2 weeks off, for 6-10 weeks amount to. But there's an argument that cycles with 2 days-on and 2 days-off lessen adverse effects while still providing fantastic results. Nevertheless, the other side of this is that 2 days do not provide you a solid possibility to increase dosages and get the full weight-loss advantages. Going even more, clen has a relatively long terminal half life (2) and can continue producing results throughout off days following a 2-week cycle.
The beta-2 receptors that clen goings to eventually end up being saturated and down regulate after two weeks (or longer), hence reducing results. Taking some time off after 2 Week enables the b2 receptors to clear out and get ready for another round.
Some bodybuilders prefer to run Xenadrine, likewise known as ECA (Ephedrine, caffeine, aspirin), to complete the two weeks off clen. Like buterol, Xenadrine is effective at minimizing body fat while also assisting to maintain muscle. However others say avoid ECA along with clen since it also hits b2 receptors, and you want these entirely clean before your next 2-week run.


With so many body washes out in the market, how do you determine which ones to choose? Choosing the right one will depend on your skin care needs and budget. You'll also have to take into consideration the smell and how it feels on the skin. Here, we find out which body washes are perfect for your skin and budget. Read on and find out more about some of the best body washes available at Mall of Cosmetics.
Products that are made specifically for sensitive skin used to be specialized so that you can only buy them at select stores or your dermatologist's office. As such, they can be really expensive and hard to find. Today, these products are no longer as obscure as they were before. Many skin care products are now made for people with sensitive skin. One such product is the Dove Body Wash for Sensitive Skin. This body wash comes in a large 22Fl. oz. bottle and is less expensive compared to other brands. Its price ranges from less than $10 for a single bottle to over $15 for a bigger bottle.
The Neutrogena Rainbath Refreshing Shower and Bath Gel smell heavenly on the skin. It makes people want to stay in the shower longer than necessary. This bath gel feels smooth and non-sticky and does not leave any residue behind. It contains a fragrant blend of exotic spices and herbs that will awaken your senses and refresh your skin. It does a good job of pampering and cleansing the skin. The shower gel leaves skin soft and smooth to touch. It comes in a 40Fl. oz. handy pump bottle that could last for many showers. Use it every day for a refreshing and cleansing bath. This bath gel is a bit pricey at over $15 but it's well worth the price.
Bath time just got an upgrade with the Dove Men+Care Body Wash, Extra Fresh. This body wash is formulated specifically for men's skin. It effectively cleans away the dirt, sweat, and grime. The body wash contains Dove's MicroMoisture technology, which hydrates and moisturizes skin as it cleans. The body wash leaves skin smelling fresh and clean. It comes in a huge 23Fl. oz. bottle making it a perfect everyday bath companion. Use it after a tough workout and step out with fresh, odor free body. Use it in the morning and invigorate your senses with its amazing smell. The best part, it's affordable at less than $7.
Olay isn't just concentrating on fighting the seven signs of skin aging on your face. It also has something for your entire body. Use the Olay Total Effects Advanced Anti-Aging, Deep Penetrating Moisture Body Wash to fight drying, and skin aging all over your body. This fresh smelling body wash comes in a huge 15Fl. oz. bottle that's perfect for everyday use. It contains VitaNiacin that moisturizes as it cleanses the skin. It also contains all the active ingredients that make Olay's Anti-aging product line effective at smoothing out fine line and wrinkles on the face. Get firmer, younger looking skin with every wash. Its price starts at $12.
Another great Dove product is the Dove Body Wash Deep Moisture. This body wash contains 1/4 moisturizer and Dove's Nutrium Moisture formula that effectively hydrates skin for a long time. The product has a great scent that keeps skin smelling fresh all day. This product helps skin stay soft and supple too. Once you get out of shower, you'd want to smother your skin with kisses. It will smell as good as it feels! Choose this classic scent and lather away to its light pleasant fragrance.
Ditch the soap for luxurious body wash. You won't regret it. Cleansing plus moisturizing effects? Get these benefits with a suitable body wash. Try these recommended products to get the skin you've always wanted.


This cross-sectional view of Angiodynamics' Vortex® Port demonstrates the product's round chamber designed to increase flushing and resist sludge build-up.
Ports (portacaths) are surgically implanted below the skin to allow for repeated injection or blood sampling by syringe. The syringe penetrates the septum on the surface of the port just beneath the skin. The attached catheter connects the port to a vein.


text:
Q: Regex sublime file search I hope this will be a simple regex question, I'm trying to find regex for searching django files (sublimetext) with wrong {% if ... endif %} syntax.
The problem is wrong equality test:
{% if a = b %}<script> a = b; </script>{% endif %}
{% if a == b %}<script> a = b; </script>{% endif %}

First is not correct, second is OK, I tried:
{% if (.*?) = (.*?) %}

pattern witch returns me second line in results.
Maybe this will help django problem link. Second line shouldn't be selected
Thanx

A: {% if (.*?) ==? (.*?) %}
Should match all types of if statements that have either 1 or 2 equals signs.

A: Maybe something like this?
{%\s*if[^=]+=[^=]+%}

It should match only the first line

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The joint effect of air pollution exposure and copy number variation on risk for autism
Dokyoon Kim, Heather Volk, Santhosh Girirajan, Sarah Pendergrass, Molly A. Hall, Shefali S. Verma, Rebecca J. Schmidt, Robin L. Hansen, Debashis Ghosh, Yunin Ludena-Rodriguez, Kyoungmi Kim, Marylyn D. Ritchie, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Scott B. Selleck
Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences
Penn State Neuroscience Institute
Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences
Cancer Institute, Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis
Autism spectrum disorder is a complex trait with a high degree of heritability as well as documented susceptibility from environmental factors. In this study the contributions of copy number variation, exposure to air pollutants, and the interaction between the two on autism risk, were evaluated in the population-based case-control Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) Study. For the current investigation, we included only those CHARGE children (a) who met criteria for autism or typical development and (b) for whom our team had conducted both genetic evaluation of copy number burden and determination of environmental air pollution exposures based on mapping addresses from the pregnancy and early childhood. This sample consisted of 158 cases of children with autism and 147 controls with typical development. Multiple logistic regression models were fit with and without environmental variable-copy number burden interactions. We found no correlation between average air pollution exposure from conception to age 2 years and the child's CNV burden. We found a significant interaction in which a 1SD increase in duplication burden combined with a 1SD increase in ozone exposure was associated with an elevated autism risk (OR 3.4, P < 0.005) much greater than the increased risks associated with either genomic duplication (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.25–2.73) or ozone (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.93–1.54) alone. Similar results were obtained when CNV and ozone were dichotomized to compare those in the top quartile relative to those having a smaller CNV burden and lower exposure to ozone, and when exposures were assessed separately for pregnancy, the first year of life, and the second year of life. No interactions were observed for other air pollutants, even those that demonstrated main effects; ozone tends to be negatively correlated with the other pollutants examined. While earlier work has demonstrated interactions between the presence of a pathogenic CNV and an environmental exposure [Webb et al., 2016], these findings appear to be the first indication that global copy number variation may increase susceptibility to certain environmental factors, and underscore the need to consider both genomics and environmental exposures as well as the mechanisms by which each may amplify the risks for autism associated with the other. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1470–1480.
https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1799
10.1002/aur.1799
Dive into the research topics of 'The joint effect of air pollution exposure and copy number variation on risk for autism'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Ozone Medicine & Life Sciences 67%
Air Pollutants Medicine & Life Sciences 28%
Environmental Exposure Medicine & Life Sciences 23%
Environmental Pollution Medicine & Life Sciences 15%
Logistic Models Medicine & Life Sciences 14%
Multifactorial Inheritance Medicine & Life Sciences 13%
Kim, D., Volk, H., Girirajan, S., Pendergrass, S., Hall, M. A., Verma, S. S., Schmidt, R. J., Hansen, R. L., Ghosh, D., Ludena-Rodriguez, Y., Kim, K., Ritchie, M. D., Hertz-Picciotto, I., & Selleck, S. B. (2017). The joint effect of air pollution exposure and copy number variation on risk for autism. Autism Research, 10(9), 1470-1480. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1799
Kim, Dokyoon ; Volk, Heather ; Girirajan, Santhosh et al. / The joint effect of air pollution exposure and copy number variation on risk for autism. In: Autism Research. 2017 ; Vol. 10, No. 9. pp. 1470-1480.
@article{b694cba48fe54131b9fc4fe112f937db,
title = "The joint effect of air pollution exposure and copy number variation on risk for autism",
abstract = "Autism spectrum disorder is a complex trait with a high degree of heritability as well as documented susceptibility from environmental factors. In this study the contributions of copy number variation, exposure to air pollutants, and the interaction between the two on autism risk, were evaluated in the population-based case-control Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) Study. For the current investigation, we included only those CHARGE children (a) who met criteria for autism or typical development and (b) for whom our team had conducted both genetic evaluation of copy number burden and determination of environmental air pollution exposures based on mapping addresses from the pregnancy and early childhood. This sample consisted of 158 cases of children with autism and 147 controls with typical development. Multiple logistic regression models were fit with and without environmental variable-copy number burden interactions. We found no correlation between average air pollution exposure from conception to age 2 years and the child's CNV burden. We found a significant interaction in which a 1SD increase in duplication burden combined with a 1SD increase in ozone exposure was associated with an elevated autism risk (OR 3.4, P < 0.005) much greater than the increased risks associated with either genomic duplication (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.25–2.73) or ozone (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.93–1.54) alone. Similar results were obtained when CNV and ozone were dichotomized to compare those in the top quartile relative to those having a smaller CNV burden and lower exposure to ozone, and when exposures were assessed separately for pregnancy, the first year of life, and the second year of life. No interactions were observed for other air pollutants, even those that demonstrated main effects; ozone tends to be negatively correlated with the other pollutants examined. While earlier work has demonstrated interactions between the presence of a pathogenic CNV and an environmental exposure [Webb et al., 2016], these findings appear to be the first indication that global copy number variation may increase susceptibility to certain environmental factors, and underscore the need to consider both genomics and environmental exposures as well as the mechanisms by which each may amplify the risks for autism associated with the other. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1470–1480.",
author = "Dokyoon Kim and Heather Volk and Santhosh Girirajan and Sarah Pendergrass and Hall, {Molly A.} and Verma, {Shefali S.} and Schmidt, {Rebecca J.} and Hansen, {Robin L.} and Debashis Ghosh and Yunin Ludena-Rodriguez and Kyoungmi Kim and Ritchie, {Marylyn D.} and Irva Hertz-Picciotto and Selleck, {Scott B.}",
note = "Funding Information: Support for this work was provided by NIH grant P01 ES011269 to MR, NIEHS R01 ES015359, NIEHS P01 ES011269, NIEHS P30 ES023513, NIH UG3 OD023365, NICHHD U54 HD079125, and EPA STAR #R-829388 & R833292 to IH-P and grants NIEHS R21 ES19002 and ES 007948 to HV. We gratefully acknowledge and thank the hundreds of families who generously participated in the CHARGE Study. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.",
doi = "10.1002/aur.1799",
journal = "Autism Research",
Kim, D, Volk, H, Girirajan, S, Pendergrass, S, Hall, MA, Verma, SS, Schmidt, RJ, Hansen, RL, Ghosh, D, Ludena-Rodriguez, Y, Kim, K, Ritchie, MD, Hertz-Picciotto, I & Selleck, SB 2017, 'The joint effect of air pollution exposure and copy number variation on risk for autism', Autism Research, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 1470-1480. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1799
The joint effect of air pollution exposure and copy number variation on risk for autism. / Kim, Dokyoon; Volk, Heather; Girirajan, Santhosh et al.
In: Autism Research, Vol. 10, No. 9, 09.2017, p. 1470-1480.
T1 - The joint effect of air pollution exposure and copy number variation on risk for autism
AU - Kim, Dokyoon
AU - Volk, Heather
AU - Girirajan, Santhosh
AU - Pendergrass, Sarah
AU - Hall, Molly A.
AU - Verma, Shefali S.
AU - Schmidt, Rebecca J.
AU - Hansen, Robin L.
AU - Ghosh, Debashis
AU - Ludena-Rodriguez, Yunin
AU - Kim, Kyoungmi
AU - Ritchie, Marylyn D.
AU - Hertz-Picciotto, Irva
AU - Selleck, Scott B.
N1 - Funding Information: Support for this work was provided by NIH grant P01 ES011269 to MR, NIEHS R01 ES015359, NIEHS P01 ES011269, NIEHS P30 ES023513, NIH UG3 OD023365, NICHHD U54 HD079125, and EPA STAR #R-829388 & R833292 to IH-P and grants NIEHS R21 ES19002 and ES 007948 to HV. We gratefully acknowledge and thank the hundreds of families who generously participated in the CHARGE Study. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. Publisher Copyright: © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
N2 - Autism spectrum disorder is a complex trait with a high degree of heritability as well as documented susceptibility from environmental factors. In this study the contributions of copy number variation, exposure to air pollutants, and the interaction between the two on autism risk, were evaluated in the population-based case-control Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) Study. For the current investigation, we included only those CHARGE children (a) who met criteria for autism or typical development and (b) for whom our team had conducted both genetic evaluation of copy number burden and determination of environmental air pollution exposures based on mapping addresses from the pregnancy and early childhood. This sample consisted of 158 cases of children with autism and 147 controls with typical development. Multiple logistic regression models were fit with and without environmental variable-copy number burden interactions. We found no correlation between average air pollution exposure from conception to age 2 years and the child's CNV burden. We found a significant interaction in which a 1SD increase in duplication burden combined with a 1SD increase in ozone exposure was associated with an elevated autism risk (OR 3.4, P < 0.005) much greater than the increased risks associated with either genomic duplication (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.25–2.73) or ozone (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.93–1.54) alone. Similar results were obtained when CNV and ozone were dichotomized to compare those in the top quartile relative to those having a smaller CNV burden and lower exposure to ozone, and when exposures were assessed separately for pregnancy, the first year of life, and the second year of life. No interactions were observed for other air pollutants, even those that demonstrated main effects; ozone tends to be negatively correlated with the other pollutants examined. While earlier work has demonstrated interactions between the presence of a pathogenic CNV and an environmental exposure [Webb et al., 2016], these findings appear to be the first indication that global copy number variation may increase susceptibility to certain environmental factors, and underscore the need to consider both genomics and environmental exposures as well as the mechanisms by which each may amplify the risks for autism associated with the other. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1470–1480.
AB - Autism spectrum disorder is a complex trait with a high degree of heritability as well as documented susceptibility from environmental factors. In this study the contributions of copy number variation, exposure to air pollutants, and the interaction between the two on autism risk, were evaluated in the population-based case-control Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) Study. For the current investigation, we included only those CHARGE children (a) who met criteria for autism or typical development and (b) for whom our team had conducted both genetic evaluation of copy number burden and determination of environmental air pollution exposures based on mapping addresses from the pregnancy and early childhood. This sample consisted of 158 cases of children with autism and 147 controls with typical development. Multiple logistic regression models were fit with and without environmental variable-copy number burden interactions. We found no correlation between average air pollution exposure from conception to age 2 years and the child's CNV burden. We found a significant interaction in which a 1SD increase in duplication burden combined with a 1SD increase in ozone exposure was associated with an elevated autism risk (OR 3.4, P < 0.005) much greater than the increased risks associated with either genomic duplication (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.25–2.73) or ozone (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.93–1.54) alone. Similar results were obtained when CNV and ozone were dichotomized to compare those in the top quartile relative to those having a smaller CNV burden and lower exposure to ozone, and when exposures were assessed separately for pregnancy, the first year of life, and the second year of life. No interactions were observed for other air pollutants, even those that demonstrated main effects; ozone tends to be negatively correlated with the other pollutants examined. While earlier work has demonstrated interactions between the presence of a pathogenic CNV and an environmental exposure [Webb et al., 2016], these findings appear to be the first indication that global copy number variation may increase susceptibility to certain environmental factors, and underscore the need to consider both genomics and environmental exposures as well as the mechanisms by which each may amplify the risks for autism associated with the other. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1470–1480.
U2 - 10.1002/aur.1799
DO - 10.1002/aur.1799
JO - Autism Research
JF - Autism Research
Kim D, Volk H, Girirajan S, Pendergrass S, Hall MA, Verma SS et al. The joint effect of air pollution exposure and copy number variation on risk for autism. Autism Research. 2017 Sep;10(9):1470-1480. doi: 10.1002/aur.1799


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Emerald Coast Associates upgraded to Topcon FC-5000 field computers as a replacement for its aging data collectors.
Roger Wheeler demonstrates the features of the new unit.
ECA's crews have embraced the new solutions and, in one project, the firm has reduced survey efforts by almost a week.
One of the real challenges facing managers of any business — including surveyors — is knowing when to keep pace with evolving technology. Change for sake of change can be counter-productive. The key is recognizing when change will be productive and even profitable.
The net outcome of implementing a change must present sufficient benefits to warrant making the move to the new solution. Emerald Coast Associates (ECA) recently found itself in such a position, struggling with aging data collecting technology that was increasingly hindering production. Faced with that logjam — and with difficulty getting service and replacement parts — the company swapped out its entire inventory of data collection instruments for an arsenal of five new collectors. At the same time, they added a GNSS capability and upgraded their total station to a newer robotic model.
Since making those moves, ECA's crews have embraced the new solutions and, in one project, the firm has reduced survey efforts by almost a week. That "net outcome" mentioned above…more than positive.
Established in 1979 as Raymond Richardson & Associates, the company now known as Emerald Coast Associates offers a broad range of services including traditional land surveying, environmental work, civil engineering and more. According to Ray Howard, an ECA party chief, a recent project to locate utilities and other assets in advance of a new construction project underscored just how important having the right tools can be to the success of a job.
According to Daryl Burgis, one of ECA's three co-owners, the handhelds also had a tendency to develop blank spots on the screen and needed to be replaced about every 18-24 months.
Actually, the only call Burgis made was to Roger Wheeler, sales associate for the Lengemann Corporation, Florida distributor of construction, engineering and surveying supplies. ECA already had a solid working relationship established with Lengemann and Wheeler — the result of purchases of total stations and other surveying equipment, including a Topcon PS-103. Wheeler was quick to recommend Topcon FC-5000 field computers as a replacement for ECA's aging data collectors. With Burgis's approval, Wheeler brought one of the units out to Ray Howard in the field and, according to Howard, there was no turning back from that point.
The object of Howard's attention, the FC-5000, is a rugged tablet-like handheld computer designed to bring to the field many capabilities that were once relegated solely to the office. Offering a seven-inch display for ease of viewing, even in direct sunlight, ECA's team was able to access or enter data using a finger, glove or small-tip stylus. Even Florida's heat is no match for the FC-5000, which is rated for optimum performance in temperatures as high as 122°F (50°C).
With the press of a key, ECA crews can change the screen orientation from portrait to landscape for added visibility when viewing maps or drawings. The unit also uses an Intel "Atom" Z3745 processor, ideal for driving ECA's Topcon MAGNET Field software and for handling any large design files the firm generates.
On a recent project to locate and mark assets in preparation for construction of a new community resource center at Pensacola's Bayview Park, Howard shot in excess of 3,000 points and got to prove the advantages he was told the new technology could provide.
One of the biggest selling points for the new technology, according to Howard, is how much one man — with the robotic unit — is able to do now.
Some of the features the new data collector offers have allowed Howard and his counterparts at ECA to perform functions that were not possible with the older system. The unit's "Maps" feature, for example, got Howard's attention early on during the community center project.
Tasks like the ability to edit points easily have also struck a chord with Howard as he's grown comfortable with the new system. He counters that with the actions of a former crew member who had a peculiar way of saving points.
At the community center project, Howard took shots that included trees, several utilities, manholes, corners and more in a range of varied settings. Despite the size of the area, the presence of trees, parked cars, and the rolling terrain, he said connectivity between the total station and the data controller was never an issue.
That sentiment was shared by Burgis who, while a seasoned surveyor, says he is still impressed with the level of service Wheeler and Lengemann Corporation provided.


text:
IP Law News
Whether federal courts can review PTAB decisions to institute trial based on timing went before the Supreme Court.
Justices Ponder Reviewability of PTAB Time-Bar Decisions (1)
By Ian Lopez
Dec. 9, 2019, 6:43 PM; Updated: Dec. 9, 2019, 9:45 PM
Court to decide if certain decisions can be appealed
Scope of patent office power in play
The U.S. Supreme Court grappled with whether federal courts could review Patent and Trademark Office decisions to review a patent's validity when the agency determined that the time bar didn't apply.
Justice Elena Kagan said that allowing courts to second-guess the Patent Trial and Appeal Board's choice to institute trial could allow the agency and parties to go through administrative proceedings "soup to nuts," only to have a court throw out the entire process over a missed deadline to challenge "what we know by now is an invalid patent."
The Dec. 9 arguments in Thryv, Inc. v. Click-To-Call Technologies, LP allowed the high court to weigh arguments over whether statutory language and case law allow parties to appeal PTAB decisions to institute certain validity proceedings.
The case, observers say, could determine the PTO's scope over its board's proceedings.
'Unseemly' Undoing
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in 2018 said that Thryv Inc.'s predecessor was too late in bringing its PTAB challenge against Click-to-Call Technologies LP over U.S. Patent No. No. 5,818,836, covering anonymous voice communication.
Now, the Supreme Court is analyzing a section of the law stating that the decision to institute a proceeding known as an inter partes review is "final and unappealable." The justices must decide whether the language allows appeals when the PTAB finds the one-year deadline set out in another section of the law doesn't apply.
Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg said during arguments that there was something "unseemly" about undoing the board's decision on a patent's validity decision rendered on merits because of the time bar.
Justice Neil M. Gorsuch, however, asked what if a party, after trying to invalidate a patent multiple times, falls outside the time limitation to petition for inter partes review, but the PTAB decides to institute anyway.
"You're telling the court there's no review of that decision?" Gorsuch asked Adam Charnes, a Kilpatrick Townsend & Stockton LLP partner representing Thryv in its appeal of a decision wiping out a victory over rival Click-to-Call.
Charnes had argued that federal patent law "makes clear" that PTAB decisions to institute inter partes reviews can't be appealed.
But Click-to-Call counsel Daniel Geyser of Geyser P.C. argued that parties should be able to appeal PTAB time-bar decisions despite patent law language stating that institution decisions are final. The time-bar on an inter partes review is a "safeguard" for patent owner, Geyser said.
The time bar, Geyser added, is a "very important" protection for "a patent owner whose property rights are subject to review in an Article I tribunal," Geyser said.
The case is: Thryv, Inc., fka Dex Media, Inc., Petitioner vs. Click-To-Call Technologies, LP, U.S., No. 18-916, oral arguments 12/9/19
(Updated with additional reporting)
To contact the reporter on this story: Ian Lopez in Washington at ilopez@bloomberglaw.com
To contact the editors responsible for this story: Rebecca Baker at rbaker@bloomberglaw.com; Keith Perine at kperine@bloomberglaw.com
Ian Lopez
Justices to Weigh Patent Board's Power Over Time-Based Trials
Dec. 9, 2019, 10:30 AM
Kilpatrick Townsend
inter partes review


text:
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Q: IS it a good practice to generate Url Like Below format in MVC? IS it a good practice to generate Url Like Below format in MVC?
e.g- ProjectName/Admin/Admin/Edit?customerID=3

A: What would be the concern with it?  I don't see any issue provided you had the necessary underlying security to prevent abuse.  So wrap the controller with proper authority and possibly have the admin in a seperate Area from the bulk of the app.


Pamela J.S. Hutchinson is a member of the University of Idaho, Potato Program of Distinction. She serves as a Principal Investigator on the GLOBAL Project, for which she conducts research on herbicide and agronomics with PCN trap crops. She is also co-leader of the Project's Extension, Outreach, and Education team.
Dr. Hutchinson's Potato Cropping Systems Weed Management Program research and extension efforts are focused on six main areas: 1) hairy nightshade biology and control, 2) weed management in new potato varieties, 3) potato weed control strategies with new and existing tools including herbicide resistance management, 4) herbicide and biopesticide environmental fate, 5) Weed – disease – insect interactions and 6) trap crop management. Dr. Hutchinson received her PhD in Weed Science from the University of Nebraska in 1991 and has been with University of Idaho at the Aberdeen R&E Center since 1999.


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text:
Cantonul Chaumont-Sud este un canton din arondismentul Chaumont, departamentul Haute-Marne, regiunea Champagne-Ardenne, Franța.

Comune

 Buxières-lès-Villiers
 Chaumont (parțial, reședință)
 Foulain
 Luzy-sur-Marne
 Neuilly-sur-Suize
 Semoutiers-Montsaon
 Verbiesles
 Villiers-le-Sec

Cantoane în Haute-Marne

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
[BLOG] Combat and Magic: A Look Back at The First Hungarian RPG
Combat and Magic
Spoiler: Mummies
Role-playing in Hungary does not have a particularly long history. It is telling that people who had started in the early 1990s are considered veterans of gaming, a generation which would barely count as neophytes in the US or the UK. More than that, we know little of that early gaming period. From the first groups in the mid-1980s to its first boom of popularity in 1990-1992, precious little material evidence has remained. By all accounts, people had fun playing (mostly) AD&D, and photocopied translations were circulated among fans (the best known version being The Ruby Codex), but the publication of homebrew materials was minimal, or at least extremely limited. It was a different time: photocopiers were hard to access, and home (or even workplace) printers were expensive equipment mainly found in research institutes and universities. Therefore, we cannot really speak of an age of fanzines, nor extensive home publishing. I know of (and own) one homemade module which was available at the time: The Great Pyramid, a mid-level dungeon whose themes and ideas should be hardly surprising.
Without external support, game groups had to make do with what they had: a few fantasy novels (Tolkien, a dash of Conan, and some disreputable but fun pulp literature), the occasional photocopied game supplement they could get from other groups, an increasing number of computer games, Fighting Fantasy, and their imagination. The results were varied, from the deadly dull to the quite imaginative (or at least somewhat original). One of these results is Combat and Magic [Harc és Varázslat], the first Hungarian RPG, whose brief appearance and fast downfall went mostly unnoticed at the time. But not by all: this was the first "real" RPG I ever played (after a systemless dungeoneering game at the Scouts I then believed to be an innovative sort of puzzle), and I still have good memories of the experience, even though in my first adventure, my nameless Fighter went down into some mines and got summarily killed by orcs in one of the first encounters. I barely knew what hit me, but I was hooked!
Thus, this post: part reminiscence, part a look at a game that's both utterly predictable and compellingly oddball, a product of a naïve fascination with fantasy literature and an exciting new game form.
Combat and Magic was published in 1991 by the completely unknown company "SPORTORG Ltd." Its authors, Tamás Galgóczi and Péter László were AD&D players (a decade later, I would buy Galgóczi's lovingly bound and much used photocopies of the 1st edition AD&D rulebooks – these ancient bootlegs are as treasured parts of my collection as my OD&D set), and they had planned to spread their hobby through an introductory game, to be followed by more "advanced" supplements down the line. Combat and Magic comes in the form of two full-sized 56-page booklets, one for the players and one for the Gamemaster (called, according to local custom, the "Storyteller"). The second booklet also includes a folded map of the three-level intro dungeon (on which more later), and the whole package was originally sold with something called a "lucky die", a ten-sider! (Considering the difficulties involving in obtaining a d10, people would apparently buy the game just for the die alone.)
Combat and Magic proudly wears its influence on its sleeve. The cover on the players' booklet is graced by a notoriously bad rendition of Frazetta's Conan the Destroyer fighting some lizard-things, while the Storyteller's booklet depicts a scene right out of Tolkien, an adventurer menaced by something that looks like a ringwraith. The Conan-meets-LotR theme continues through the entire game in a strange manifestation of schizophrenia – sometimes the game has its semi-naked amazons, war galleys and buff fellows in leather gear holding various murder implements, and sometimes we are in Moria or Rivendell (and not a homage either: it is clearly Frodo and Co. investigating the tomb of Balin, facing the Balrog, or finding the mountain door).
An American Fantasy Game Similar to
As the introduction proclaims, "You have surely read J. R. R. Tolkien's exciting book, The Lord of the Rings. This game leads you to a similar world, and you can live there, adventuring among the creatures of fantasy. You can meet goblins, elves, dwarves, dragons, and you only need a little imagination... If you like our offer, forward to adventure! You are awaited by the forbidding lands of the unknown world, its cities and peoples! Your imagination will wander the land of fantasy, the world of DRAGONFLAME..." In a charmingly earnest way, it goes further – the back cover of both rulebooks reproduces the cover of the Mentzer Set, the caption reading "The cover of one of the American fantasy games similar to Combat and Magic". Similar indeed! Interestingly, just like Original D&D was billed as "Rules for Fantastic Medieval Wargames Campaigns", Combat and Magic is called a "Personality Game" (and on at least one occasion, a "Cooperative Personality Game"), and not an RPG – no common local term for RPGs having been accepted yet.
Vorg saves
an old Priest
As introductory games go, Combat and Magic is remarkably newbie-friendly. The future player is guided on his journey by "Vorg the Wolf", an in-game character. Vorg, a 7th level Fighter, is somewhere between Conan and a wise Indian from a western (showing that the new concept of the barbarian had not yet taken solid shape in the local imagination, and the gaps were filled in by prior references). We first meet Vorg in a short story where he seeks out, confronts and kills Surat, the dark mage who had recently decimated a village, and now lives in a dungeon under a ruined castle built by the dwarves ("You have come to the right place if you seek Surat! He is I!" and "You wanted to kill me, warrior? You shall die instead!"). Vorg helps the player at all stages of character creation, introducing game concepts from an in-character stance that is at once weird, wrong, and completely charming. ("I, Vorg, the wolf, the highest level fighter among the long-haired ones, say to you that the most important attribute in the world is Strength." Or: "You have surely read my adventure. The personality sheet for Surat the evil Mage would look like this: Intellect 88%. Number of languages 4, modifier +30 days. He knew four foreign languages before I killed him, which he had learned over half a year and +30 days. By my sword, I say it was a great accomplishment that I had destroyed him!")
The game, not surprising considering its AD&D roots, uses seven attributes, but measures them on a percentile scale (Intellect, Strength, Agility, Speed, Endurance, Manual Dexterity and Physical Looks). Yes, they are rolled with entirely random 1d100 rolls, in order, no takebacks. Or as Vorg tells us: "Let us begin, and may the gods guide your hand!" These attributes provide modifiers for a whole lot of secondary values from combat ratings to poison resistance and the ability to read and write (Vorg, with a Manual Dexterity of 8%, is completely illiterate, and his 14% Physical Looks is fairly dire – but he has an impressive 92% Strength). Some people say chicks dig scars, but this is clearly incorrect on the world of DRAGONFLAME: when you receive face wounds in combat, your rating drops pretty substantially. On the other hand, chicks receive a 1.2 multiplier to their Physical Looks because "If your personality is a woman (…) you take better care of yourself and your beauty." On the other hand, many other modifiers are fairly moderate, and much of the attribute range does nothing whatsoever or very little: there is, for example, no difference whatsoever between an Endurance of 26 and 70.
Haven't we seen this before?
The three alignments (Good, Evil and Neutral) are followed by the character races: Humans, Elves, Dwarves, Goblins (here mostly thieves and wizards) and Orcs, set apart by ability score modifiers and limits (e.g. Orcs have a maximum Intellect of 60, get +15 on their Endurance, but -15 on their Manual Dexterity) and the occasional modifier to specific weapon types. Furthermore, Elves can sense the presence of the freshly slain dead, and see wandering souls, Dwarves see in the darkness and can withstand extreme temperatures; Goblins are stealthy; and Orcs almost never get lost in the wilderness. Actually, "Goblins" are probably meant to be hobbits, since they live in covered pits close to the earth, and have a democratic worldwide government run by a hidden ten-goblin council.
Combat and Magic has a fairly weird Vitality system: every character starts with 100 Vitality, plus race-based dice (Elves have 1d10 more Vitality, Humans, Goblins and Orcs have 2d10 more, and Dwarves have 3d10 more). At 0 Vitality, you are dead. However, the system also has something called Damage Absorption Percentage (DA), which starts at 20% of your character's full rating, and goes up 2% every level, up to 38% (Fighters also gain a one percent bonus per level, but none of the other classes do). Should you receive more damage than this percentage, you fall into a comatose state, where you bleed out at a rate of 1 Vitality per wound per round – only healing can bring recovery. In practice, your average longsword does 1d10 damage, a staff does 1d5, and a cavalry lance – the mightiest weapon – does 1d10+10, so a few successful hits can dispatch even a relatively hardy character. As an obvious AD&D legacy, saving throws (or their equivalent, "Chance Rolls") also exist as three flat percentile ratings to escape the effects of poison, magic, and dragon breath, respectively (although dragon breath, an oddly specific choice, still causes half damage). The real rating which matters is your DA: it is not entirely clear why the ridiculously high total Vitality is used at all.
This looks oddly familiar
From classes (or, rather, "castes", a really bad word choice which would then gain traction and crop up in almost every subsequent Hungarian RPG), the system offers four: Fighters, Trackers, Priests and Mages. These are somewhat less restrictive classes than D&D traditions would dictate: there is little difference between different classes when it comes to Attack and Defence %, Vitality or Chance Rolls; rather, each class gives a basically competent adventurer a set of bonuses and limitations. Accordingly,
Fighters learn to use multiple weapon types, and have slightly better combat values. Noble fighters (player's choice to try for a 75+ percentile roll) get training with more kinds of weapons, but suffer a small Endurance penalty. Nobles also have to abide by a code of conduct: they may only attack a woman in self-defence, they must always attack from the front, and they may not use poison ("except evil nobles, because they are capable of it"). Even evil nobles, as we learn, "Follow etiquette, and only rarely have their captives tortured – and never by their own hands." Their commoner counterparts start with a small penalty to either mounted or footman's combat, which they "grow out of" by level 5.
Trackers are skilled hunters, who either work alone, or as guides to travelling companies. They can call an "animal companion", with one attempt possible per level (if it is a failure, the beast attacks). A tracker must avenge and mourn two years for a companion if it is ever slain before calling another. They also have versatile wilderness skills: tracking, speaking with animals, hiding, and recognising traps.
Priests are spellcasters, who, unlike fighting classes, can only gain levels by returning to their churches, where they are also required to donate all their unneeded money. Priests are either Good or Evil, but never Neutral (this will become important a bit later). They are not limited by weapon type, but only know to use a few of them (up to 4, while a Fighter would start from 3-4 and proceed from there). Priests can contact the gods directly for advice and help. They also have a bunch of different abilities based on the specific god they worship, who are quite varied. The followers of Perlin, goddess of dreams and fairy tales (Neutral, Priests can be either Good or Evil) can perform divinations, but they must regularly interpret a dream as a form of sacrifice; meanwhile, the Priests of Dorl, god of earth (Neutral, Priests must be Good) have a special spell to hurl pebbles, can sense buried items under their feet, but they must bring home a clod of earth from every land they have visited, and can only use bludgeoning and cutting weapons.
Mages aren't D&D's physical wretches (having lower, but still passable combat abilities and Vitality), although they are limited to daggers and staves, and must not wear armour. They must return to their master to gain levels. Mages belong to one of two schools: Moonlight Mages are Good, and practice white magic; while Grey Mages are Evil, dealing in black magic (these orders also give their members assistance if they show the correct hand signs). Mages sense other spellcasters in a 10 metre circle.
After you determine your class, you must also roll for social status. This is another flat 1d100 roll,: you may start with 40 copper pieces as a "free homeless" (1-14), 1 gold piece as a servant (15-29), 75 gp as one of the "famed" (75-84), or 1000 gp as royalty (00). For reference, 10 gp is the price of a longsword, while for 1000 gp, you get a suit of plate mail.
Like true-blue old-school games, there are no skills in Combat and Magic. However, your character may have a profession, unless you are a noble fighter, because work is beneath nobles. Your choice of profession depends on your social status, your ability scores (with some racial bonuses and limitations), and your class. Here, Combat and Magic again delves into the oddly specific, letting you play a more conventional healer (restore up to 10 Vitality per week), sailor (you can navigate ships) and thief (you get the thief skill), or professions like a gravedigger (you recognise religious symbols and tolerate the stench of the grave), executioner (you can easily kill restrained victims) or miner (you don't get lost underground). Your profession is, once again, rated at an utterly random percentile value, which never, ever improves. You might be the best weaponsmith out there with a 100%, or you can be a random fool who drops the hammer on his feet with a 3%.
Ironically, neither six- nor four-sided dice
are featured in Combat and Magic
Combat in the game is a fairly straightforward but ultimately quite fiddly you-swing-I-swing affair based on an Attack % and a Defence %. Both of these are modified by a whole range of tiny little things which are individually minor, but can add up if taken together
In each round, characters must decide to either attack their opponent or forego it and defend themselves.
Initiative is a simple d10 roll for your whole group.
Your Attack % is used to figure if you score a connecting hit.
Armour (if any) can stop a blow outright, based on a matrix cross-referencing five armour types (leather, studded, chain, scale and plate) and three weapon types (piercing, slashing and bludgeoning) that's reminiscent of AD&D's infamous weapon-vs-AC chart. For instance, chain is 25% vs. piercing, 50% vs. slashing, and 35% vs. bludgeoning.
If a hit is scored, but the subject has chosen to defend himself instead of attacking, he can still roll a successful Defence % to avoid getting hit. Many weapons grant a bonus to Defence %, from 10 (daggers and hammers) to 15-20% (most swords and maces) to 30% (polearms), and you also get some from shields (10% or 20%), but you must choose whether you'd like to defend with your weapon or your shield.
If neither form of defence succeeds, you get to roll damage, which, as previously noted, can be pretty dire.
This system comes with a fair whiff factor, although Defence % tends to be fairly low, and if you know enough weapons, you can use one which gives your opponent a lower Armour roll (it pays to stock up on different weapon types).
No, really
Spellcasting in Combat and Magic uses a spell point system: both Priests and Mages have 10 spell points per level, recovered through meditation (Clerics) or 1d10 hours of sleep (Mages). It is possible to cast spells over one's point limit, at a risk to the character's sanity (the chance of escaping unharmed is 70% the first time, 40% the second, and a mere 10% the third). The spell list goes up five levels, and beyond the Wizard/Priest split, each spell is also associated with an alignment. Characters can use spells of their own alignment, and neutral ones (remember, spellcasters can't be neutral). The spells themselves are mostly D&D ripoffs (Hebron's Smashing Fist, Call Monster I, Tiny Hut, Prayer...), but there are also some compelling oddities, such as…
Almos' Blue Parasol: protection vs. falling rocks, hail, and rain spells
Hair Growth: uncontrollable hair growth entangles victim
The Quarrelsome Door: creates a talking door
Dream Voyage: the victim sleeps for 1d10 days, dreaming of a fantastic voyage that feels like the same number of years, and ages accordingly
The Dark Blue Berries of Pavlovich: creates 30 berries, eater sleeps one day for each, losing 2 Vitality per day
The lands of Rôhen
Although the Storyteller's Booklet is dedicated specifically to running the game, and players are admonished to avoid reading it, it starts with a brief world guide that would probably be a better fit for the main rules. The world of DRAGONFLAME (no longer capitalised here) is a naïve fantasy mishmash, but it has its own creation myth, and a huge, active pantheon of gods with quite silly names (Kayar, Zomur, Serlafor, Zorikon, Xirfon etc.). The planet of Rôhen (note the Tolkienesque diacritic) has three continents, but the game is focused on one called, appropriately enough, Draco, and specifically its north-western corner called the Four Kingdoms. To keep with the tone from the LotR appendices (the definitive model for fantasy world-building in early 1990s Hungary), Draco's history is punctuated by a lot of blood and thunder, like "the Second Metal War", "the rise of Tarrakis, Lord of Darkness" (he had the Twelve Knights of Death on his side, but was eventually driven out of the known world), "the foundation of Divide" by King Farseer the First, "the imprisonment of Agay Khenmare of the Threadbare Cap and eight demon by the Moon Mages", and "the Second Dragon War".
Three of the Four Kingdoms
(the Kingdom of the Dead Land is off to the east)
Draco's geography is no less fancy, with a giant inner sea (divided into the Sea of Three Moons, the Sea of Two Moons, and the Cold Sea), and a bunch of doggerel toponyms like Faradas, Eld Virg, M'Bo, Búrnan and the Forest of Gerildor. However, the published game is focused on the so-called Four Kingdoms, to the north of Shadia, and east of the vast Orc Swamp. Actually, only three of the kingdoms are nice places to visit: the Kingdom of Black Land, the Kingdom of Lagos, and the Bonecrusher Kingdom, whose ruling dynasty has died out, and left behind a war of succession (the most likely successor, Ed Morrison, lives in the town of Helltop; the capital city is named Skull Hill, but the kingdom is actually a fairly normal place with a sheep-based economy). This is less true about the Kingdom of Dead Land, whose southern part is a confederation of independent mercantile towns, but the north has been taken over by bandit gangs lead by the evil wizard, Agay Khenmare of the Threadbare Cap.
Pretty sure this is Éowyn or Galadriel
This mini-setting is quite charming in its own way; half Tolkien, half AD&D, but with the Northwest-European cultural references exchanged for a decidedly Hungarian perspective. This is quite intriguing, since the Hungarian fantasy genre, and Hungarian RPG fandom in specific has shied away from its own history and culture. It is still a European mishmash ranging from Finland and France equivalents to something feeling a bit like fantasy Ukraine (with NPCs named Pierre Vandel, Oleg Isakov, Stefan Schaller, Valdemar Kanagas, Commander Tony Elton, and Arnold Denman), but there is something almost indescribably Hungarian about the land's large plains, agricultural towns and, above all, the slightly rustic tone of its place names. As strange as it sounds, this familiarity is the strangest thing about the whole Combat and Magic experience, because nobody has ever tried anything like this again – Hungarian fantasy has focused on discovering the fantastic in distant lands, to the neglect of our own.
The majority of the Storyteller's Booklet is occupied by the obligatory monsters and treasures. Like the spells, much of this section consists of AD&D ripoffs and a mish-mash of mythology and the stuff you lift out of every fantasy book you have read and liked – that is, it is derivative but actually pretty good. Some of them come from the excellent Book of Imaginary Beings by Jorge Luis Borges, such as the Bao a Ku (a monster tied to a set of stairs, which becomes more and more real as someone goes up, and attacks on the top), and some are just strange in the way RPG bestiaries can be strange:
the Dorag is a huge blue snake with two feathered wings, which lives until you cut off its head… twice;
the Ilmex resembles a rug with a wavy edge, with three three-fingered hands on each side, and a bird's head perched on a long, thin neck at the front – it is a subterranean predator;
Armoured Toads are... toads in black armour, with a hop attack;
Fuzzballs! They are big fuzzballs with... legs capable of long jumps up to three metres. And a large toothy mouth. "They are always on the move to attack any kind of mobile meat."
The Vilotoner is a mixture between a huge eagle and a bat. It is very intelligent, able to converse in three languages, and cast Wizard spells. It is curious, vain, egoistic and easy to offend.
The Caverns of Singing Mountain, LVL I-III
There is some decent guidance on setting up and running a game (actually, more than many subsequent Hungarian games, which often wouldn't think too deep about the question), and a bunch of Storyteller-specific rules, but the other big interesting thing about the booklet is the example scenario, The Dragon of Singing Mountain. Nothing less than a three-level dungeon, it is a tutorial for both the players and the Storyteller. You have to defeat a dragon and save a kidnapped princess – but before that, you have to get through the caverns of Singing Mountain. The caverns – really dungeons – are mostly linear, and the action largely features combat and basic exploration. You get to fight morlochs, dog-headed men, a wererat, skeletons, zombies, black dwarves, and an evil wizard. There is an underground smithy, an evil temple (the idol has gemstone eyes and a poison gas trap), a mirror room, a plant room (with life-draining plants), a library and a well, but disappointingly, it lacks the wahoo nature of some of the rulebooks..
What is interesting is how the adventure starts in a way that explains everything to the Storyteller, with a choose-your-own-adventure structure and readout text, and starts to hand over more and more responsibilities as it goes on. The first level is full of handholding, but halfway through the second, the room descriptions become sparse outlines to be filled out on your own. The third level, with a deep, dark underground lake, is only described in brief and left to your development: here lives Tungar the Dragon in an island tower, there is an old orc Priest who serves as the ferryman, and other mysteries are also in evidence.
Is Combat and Magic a good RPG? Not really. It is simultaneously awkward and simplistic, with fairly fiddly rules to realise simple concepts. The character generation is more complicated than in AD&D for less mileage, and the combat system has its awkward spots. There are puzzling ideas, like the Vitality/Damage Absorption concept. I don't think many people had played by the book – I am pretty sure we didn't, because the combat I remember was far deadlier than the baseline. I do not count the game's high randomness as a design mistake (although many people in the 90s would, if they had even heard of it); it is endearing and almost feels fresh in our day. In practice, all those flat 1d100 rolls would tend to even themselves out, and your character would have a few areas where he would be better than the others (at least I don't remember my PC being overshadowed, which definitely did happen in our attempt to play M.A.G.U.S.,the second Hungarian RPG.
Seen through modern eyes an incredible 27 years later (has it really been that long?), the areas where Combat and Magic feels fresh is the enthusiastic spirit of adventure, the way it embraces the fantastic, and the way it tries to make most of a very narrow set of influences. It owes a lot to The Lord of the Rings and it owes just as much to AD&D, but there are a few things there which are beyond imitation.
Why did Combat and Magic disappear from the public consciousness, so much so that most gamers have never even heard of it? In a way, it came too early, at a time when there were no established communication channels for roleplayers yet – no magazines (the first would come out late 1992), no fanzines, only two game stores in the entire country, and often little contact between the isolated gaming groups out there. Interestingly, the game was by no means unknown. I know multiple people who have started with it, usually for a few months before they would find their way to AD&D (either the bootleg translations or the real deal). It was also a mainstay at a few game clubs; apparently, fans in the city of Miskolc had come up with multiple typewritten fan supplements and their own shared setting ("Sword World").
Combat and Magic had sold well enough to merit a follow-up, and its creators had ideas to bring it forward with new booklets. What happened to it was much more banal: the owners of the publisher, SPORTORG Ltd., had just disappeared with the money and let the company go bankrupt. It was not an uncommon way to make easy money those days – most of these cases would never be solved by a sluggish unprepared court system. It was an ominous sign of things yet to come – and as we will see from later parts of this series, far from the last case where legal issues would intrude upon the hobby.
"And now, stranger, the time of farewells has come. I have told you everything I know about the world of fantasy. I bid you farewell, for I am called by faraway lands, furious battles, and by glory… perhaps we will meet again somewhere. Only the gods know. Good luck!
--Vorg, the Wolf"
What price glory?
Posted by Melan at 22:02
Labels: archaeology, the crypt level
Someone in my earliest gaming group had this, but it felt more like an amusing oddity instead of a must-play thing of coolness (the kick we certainly got even from thumbing through TSR catalogues of the time) even by 1992 standards. We had our reams of photocopied 1st ed. AD&D stuff by then. Btw I don't think that the Hungarian fandom "neglected" our roots, quite simply because we lacked anything resembling the rich soil of pop-culture trash and pulp fantasy lit that served as background overseas, already in place for decades when the first D&D booklets were published.
Ynas Midgard 28 May 2018 at 00:25
Impressively detailed review!
Also, it was just a few months ago that I had an idea of a decidedly Hungarian folk megadungeon. But more on that some other time.
Looking forward to reading further instalmenta of the series.
Frank T 28 May 2018 at 19:01
I must find a copy!
Rudi 2 June 2018 at 12:37
http://www.silverland.hu/termek/915/HARC_ES_VARAZSLAT/
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