A black hole is a physicist's playground: A place where some of the most bizarre and fundamental concepts in physics can be observed and tested. However, there is currently no way to directly observe black holes in action; these bodies of matter don't emit the sort of radiation, like light or X-rays, that telescopes are equipped to detect. Fortunately, physicists have figured out ways to imitate the conditions of a black hole in the lab—and in creating analogues of black holes, they are beginning to unravel some the most fascinating puzzles in physics.
Jeff Steinhauer, a researcher in the Physics Department of Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, recently caught the attention of the physics community when he announced that he had used an analogue black hole to confirm Stephen Hawking's 1974 theory that black holes emit electromagnetic radiation, known as Hawking radiation. Hawking predicted that this radiation would be caused by the spontaneous creation of a particle-antiparticle pair at the event horizon, the point at the edge of a black hole beyond which nothing—not even light—can escape. Under the terms of Hawking's theory, as one of the particles crosses the event horizon and is captured by the black hole, the other would be ejected into space. Steinhauer's experiment was the first to exhibit the sort of spontaneous fluctuations that support Hawking's calculations.
Physicists have cautioned that this experiment still doesn't confirm the existence of Hawking radiation in astronomical black holes, as Steinhauer's black hole isn't exactly the same as one we might observe in space. It's not yet physically possible to create the intense gravitational fields that form black holes. Instead, the analogue imitates a black hole's ability to absorb light waves by using sound.
"It's like you, the sound wave, are trying to swim against a river, and the river is flowing faster than you can swim," Steinhauer says. His team cooled a cloud of gas atoms to near absolute zero, creating an entity known as a Bose-Einstein condensate. By causing that gas to flow faster than the speed of sound, they created a system from which sound waves could not escape.
Steinhauer's observations were published in a Nature Physics paper in early August. In addition to observing Hawking radiation, his experiment was significant in that he claimed to observe that the particles released by the sonic black hole and the particles within it were "entangled." This implies that the two particles are capable of being in multiple physical states, such as their energy levels, at the same time, and that knowing the state of one particle can immediately tell you about the state of the other.
The concept of an analogue black hole was proposed by William Unruh in the 1980s, but only in 2009 was the first created in a lab. Since then, black hole analogues have been adopted by scientists around the world, many of whom are trying to observe Hawking radiation. Though Steinhauer is the first to have success on that front, the analogue systems have already been useful in helping physicists to verify the equations and principles long applied to these theoretical systems only on paper. Indeed, black hole analogues' greatest promise may lie in helping physicists overcome one of the biggest challenges in physics: Combining gravity with the principles of quantum mechanics, which govern the behavior of subatomic particles—but which so far have been incompatible with the laws of gravity.
Black hole analogues' greatest promise may lie in helping physicists overcome one of the biggest challenges in physics.
Though a range of methods are used, the principle for every black hole analogue is the same: Each has a point that, like an event horizon, cannot be crossed by whatever oscillation serves in place of light, as the speed required would be too great. Here are some of the other ways scientists are imitating black holes in the lab.
In 2010, a group of physicists at the University of Milan set the physics community abuzz when they claimed to have observed Hawking radiation from a black hole analogue, which was created using strong laser pulses shone into silica glass. Though the team's claim has since been called into question—according to physicist William Unruh, the radiation they observed was far more intense than Hawking radiation should be, and traveling in the wrong direction—the analogue they created continues to be an intriguing method of modeling an event horizon.
This method works like so: The first pulse sent into the silica is strong enough to change the refractive index—the speed at which light moves in a substance—within the glass. As the second pulse enters the glass, it slows to a standstill due to this change in the refractive index, creating a "horizon" beyond which light could not penetrate. This sort of system is the opposite of a black hole, from which light cannot escape, and as such has been dubbed a "white hole." However, according to Stephen Hawking, white holes and black holes are fundamentally the same, meaning they should exhibit the same quantum properties.
A separate research group showed in 2008 that a white hole could be created in a similar way using optic fibers, and further experiments are working on creating the same sort of event horizon using diamond, which is less likely to be damaged by laser light than silica.
A team led by Hai Son Nguyen demonstrated in 2015 that an acoustic black hole could be created using polaritons—a strange state of matter known as a quasiparticle, formed mixing a photon with a material that the light then excites. Nguyen's team created polaritons by focusing a laser at high power onto a microscopic cavity created out of gallium arsenide, a powerful semiconductor. Inside, the team purposely created a small notch that widened the cavity in one place. When the laser struck the microcavity, polaritons were emitted that flowed toward the notched defect. Yet when the flow of these excited particles reached the defect, they changed speed, moving faster than the speed of sound, implying that a horizon had been created from which sound could not escape.
Though the team has not yet observed Hawking radiation using this method, the researchers propose that in future experiments, any fluctuations caused by particles leaving the field could be detected by measuring a change in the density of the particle fluid. Other experiments using polaritons have also proposed cooling them into a Bose-Einstein condensate, which could then even be used to simulate the formation of wormholes.
Look down at the water swirling into the drain between your feet next time you shower—you might be surprised to learn that you're looking at something similar to a black hole. In a laboratory at the University of Nottingham, Dr. Silke Weinfurtner has been simulating black holes in a "bathtub vortex," a 2,000-liter rectangular tank with a sloped funnel at the center. Water is fed into the tank from the tank's top and bottom, giving the water angular momentum that creates a vortex when it meets the funnel. In this water analogue, the stand-in for light is small ripples on the water's surface; imagine, for example, dropping a pebble into this flow and watching ripples move away from it in a circle. The closer these ripples are to the vortex, the less able they are able to propagate in the direction away from it. At a certain point, these ripples will no longer propagate at all—a point that can be considered an analogue for the event horizon. This analogue has been particularly useful for simulating the bizarre physics that occurs around rotating black holes, a topic that Weinfurtner is studying now.
Claudia Geib is a freelance science writer based out of Boston. Follow her on Twitter @cm_geib.
The lead photograph is courtesy of Wikicommons.


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HomeNewsLaborGreenhouse: A Tried and True Way to Fix Inequality in America: Unions
Greenhouse: A Tried and True Way to Fix Inequality in America: Unions
May 17, 2019 Labor, News
Steven Greenhouse was a New York Times labor reporter for 31 years and is author of Beaten Down, Worked Up: The Past, Present, and Future of American Labor, to be published by Knopf this August. The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely his own.
Reprinted from CNN by Steven Greenhouse on May 17, 2019.
Delta Air Lines has taken a beating on social media in recent days for trying to persuade thousands of its employees not to unionize. It put up posters telling flight attendants and ramp workers that the $700 they would pay in annual union dues would be better spent on video games, rounds of beer or baseball tickets.
While union leaders say these posters insult workers' intelligence, there is no denying that Delta has had considerable success beating back unionization. (In a statement, Delta said, "Delta has shared many communications, which on the whole make clear that deciding whether or not to unionize should not be taken lightly.")
Delta is the least unionized major US carrier, and thanks to its aggressive anti-union campaigns, organizing drives by the flight attendants' union were defeated in 2002, 2008 and 2010. Delta's flight attendants narrowly rejected unionizing in 2010, with 9,216 voting for and 9,544 against.
Corporate executives, of course, applaud such defeats for labor, asserting that unions impede management's flexibility and hurt profits. But while any given union defeat may be good for a corporation's shareholders and managers, the many union defeats, taken together, have taken a substantial toll on workers and society. …
CNN 5/17
About Jeffrey Burman	4461 Articles
Jeff Burman represents assistant editors on the Guild's Board of Directors. He can be reached at jeffrey.s.burman.57@gmail.com.
Sanders Swipes at Rivals, Makes a Case for 'Medicare for All'
Dzieza: Amazon Warehouse Workers Strike to Protest Inhumane Conditions
Senators Ask CBP to Block Imports of Cocoa Made with Forced Labor


The materials reviewed for the Grade 8 do not meet the requirements for alignment to the CCSSM. The materials are explicitly shaped by the CCSSM, but many aspects of focus and coherence are lacking. The limited assessments provided sometimes require students to have knowledge of above grade level topics without providing practice for those topics. Additionally, not all of the standards are assessed. There is limited connection made between supporting and major work, and there are no explicit connections made to prior knowledge. Even though all of the CCSSM are covered in the textbook, the coverage is minimal, leaving the STEM book to give greater depth to the standards. The STEM book leaves some parts of the standards out, so students will not get extensive practice on all of grade-level problems. Overall, the materials fail to focus on major work and fail to provide materials that are coherent and consistent with the standards.
The materials reviewed for the Grade 8 do not meet the requirements for alignment to the CCSSM. The materials are explicitly shaped by the CCSSM, but many aspects of focus and coherence are lacking. The limited assessments provided sometimes require students to have knowledge of above grade-level topics without providing practice for those topics. Additionally, not all of the standards are assessed. There is limited connection made between supporting and major work, and there are no explicit connections made to prior knowledge. Even though all of the CCSSM are covered in the textbook, the coverage is minimal leaving the STEM book to give greater depth to the standards. The STEM book leaves some parts of the standards out, so students will not get extensive practice on all of grade-level problems. Overall, the materials fail to focus on major work and fail to provide materials that are coherent and consistent with the standards.
The instructional materials for Grade 8 do not meet expectations for focus within assessment. The assessment materials are supplemental and were not available for review with the core student and teacher materials. The STEM project book was used as a primary source of assessment materials. Though the STEM projects might offer great ways for students to apply their math knowledge, they are problematic in using them as a source for assessment.
Several Grade 8 standards are not addressed in the STEM project book. There are several places were students need to have an understanding of above grade-level topics to complete the projects, yet the student textbook does not cover those topics and there are projects repeated from earlier grades. If those projects are eliminated from use, then many standards would not be assessed.
The instructional materials for Grade 8 do not meet expectations for focus within assessment.
These reviews only consider the student/teacher editions, the STEM project books, and the art project book. Digital assessment materials are considered supplemental and not considered; therefore, there are limited summative assessments.
In the student textbook, at the end of each lesson there are four questions that can be found in the student edition. These questions were not considered for this indicator because they were formative assessments. However, the STEM projects offer the opportunity for some assessment. In the STEM project books, students complete projects, and based on a rubric teachers can assess their students' understanding. The STEM books incorporate both CCSSM and MP. For that reason, the STEM project books were used to compile evidence for indicator 1a.
In all Grades 6 – 8, the first four chapters are identical. Assuming that students used this series through all of middle school, they could potentially repeat lessons.
Project 18, "Patterns in Data 1: Exponential Patterns." On page 253, the objectives state, "Produce and interpret functions that demonstrate exponential changes." This is F.LE.A.1.
Project 25, "Matrices II." On page 315, the objectives state, "Determine the number of ways a task can be completed. Calculate the product of matrices. Interpret matrices." Matrices are N.VM.C.
The STEM projects do not cover all of the Grade 8 standards. Missing from the STEM project book are 8.EE.A.2, 8.EE.B.6 and 8.EE.C.8.C.
The instructional materials reviewed for Grade 8 meet the expectations that the majority of the class time is spent on the major work of Grade 8. The textbook materials cover every standard for Grade 8. The amount of time spent on each standard is nearly evenly distributed. As a result 80% of the time is spent on major work and 20% of the time is spent on the supporting and additional clusters.
The instructional materials reviewed for Grade 8 meet expectations for time spent on the major work of the grade. Overall, the instructional material spends the majority of the time on the major work of the grade.
For the major work of the grade there are 41 days for textbook work and 106 days for STEM/Art projects, which account for 80% of the instructional time. For supporting work, 9 days are spent in textbook, 34 days spent on STEM projects, one day is spent on art projects. This accounts for 19% of the instructional time spent on supporting clusters.
Grade 8 Year Planner consists of a suggested lesson planner with lessons placed into trimesters. The major work lessons account for 15 of the 34 listed, with 15 lessons aligned to the supporting work and four aligned to the additional work of Grade 8. This works out to 44% on the major work, 44% on supporting work and 12% on additional work. Therefore, STEM/Art projects must be purposefully chosen in order to increase time spent on the major work of the grade.
The instructional materials reviewed for Grade 8 do not meet the expectations of coherence with the CCSSM. The instructional materials miss opportunities to connect supporting clusters of standards to major clusters and the materials do not develop according to the grade-by-grade progressions. Instead, the lessons develop the mathematics in the standards by domain with very little connection among the domains. Overall, the instructional materials for Grade 8 follow the recommendations of time spent on major work of the grade, but fall short of expectations in providing coherence within the grade level and across grade level. Summative assessments were not part of the core materials and thus were not available for review.
The instructional materials for Grade 8 partially meet expectations for focus and coherence in the major work of the grade.
Lessons in statistics and probability (8.SP) promote minimal connections to 8.F.B when asking students to explain connections between two variables (teacher edition, page 548).
The two supporting clusters are 8.NS.A and 8.SP.A (pages 1-31 in teacher edition and pages 1-16 in student edition; pages 534-603 in teacher edition and pages 338-370 in student edition). The material could have made the connection to 8.EE.A but missed it on page 11 by including an irrational radical. 8.SP.A supports 8.F.B and the use of scatter plots models the relationship between quantities.
There is a connection to major work 8.EE.B when the line of best fit of the scatter plot represents a linear relationship, which starts on page 560 in the teacher edition. (pages 534-583).
In lesson 8.NS.A.2, the material uses work with radicals to introduce the idea of irrational numbers. This helps support the work of 8.EE.A with radical and integer exponents.
The instructional materials reviewed for Grade 8 partially meet the expectations that there is viable content designated for one school year in order to foster coherence between grades. The textbook and the materials constitute a total of 187 days of instruction, which meets the expectations for content viable for one year, but not all of the CCSSM are covered in the materials.
Based on the timeline given by the publishers, there are about 52 days spent on traditional assignments in the textbook. It is then expected that students will gain the experience needed to master the standards by completing the STEM/Art projects. About 135 days are devoted to STEM projects that claim to cover the Grade 8 standards. This is a total of 187 days of instruction, which meets the expectations for content viable for one year.
However, the STEM projects do not completely cover all of the Grade 8 standards. For example, there is no explicit practice with irrational numbers or decimal expansion as stated in the 8.NS.A. There is no practice with the properties of exponents in the STEM book as stated in 8.EE.1..
Instructional materials do not meet the expectations of consistency with the progressions in the standards.
The textbook does not provide materials for students to practice repetition of skills to become fluent. Teachers would have to find additional resources for extending the lesson.
In the teacher edition, it clearly states in each section, "What Students Should Know Already." Although the materials offer a statement of what students should already know, and a place in the introduction for connecting to prior knowledge, the connections are not articulated explicitly.
The lesson in 8.EE.C.7.A has examples of linear equations in one variable with one solution, infinitely many solutions or no solutions. However, there are only eight problems to help students understand this concept.
The lesson in 8.EE.C.7.B has problems asking students to solve linear equations with rational number coefficients, including equations whose solutions require expanding expressions using the distributive property and collecting like terms. None of the practice problems have rational coefficients.
The instructional materials partially meet the expectation to foster coherence through connections at a single grade.
The learning objectives are clearly shaped by the CCSSM cluster headings. In most cases the objective is an appropriately simplified version of the CCSSM cluster headings. For example, 8.EE.C.7 says to "Analyze and solve pairs of simultaneous linear equations: solve systems of two linear equations in two variables algebraically, and estimate solutions by graphing the equations." The objective says "students will be able to solve systems of linear equations in two variables algebraically."
The textbook does not present a prescribed order for domains. As a result, it is difficult to connect two or more domains. For example, in the lessons where students are to apply the Pythagorean Theorem to determine unknown side lengths in right triangles in real-world and mathematical problems, students do not gain experience in working with irrational numbers. This is a missed opportunity to connect two domains that have natural connections.


Escalating real-estate costs make life precarious for one key element of the Massachusetts art world - the artist. But with the help of a consultant hired by the state, artists are banding together to buy and build places where they can live and work without fear of eviction Anthony J. Radich, director of art projects for the National Conference of State Legislatures, said he believed the program in Massachusetts, which is home to about 17,000 artists, was the only statewide effort in the country aimed at helping artists acquire permanent, affordable space.
Jero Nesson, the consultant hired last year by the Massachusetts Council for the Arts, helps coalitions of artists cut through the tangles of the real-estate world. His assistance ranges from locating and arranging for the inspection of suitable buildings to developing proposals to be presented to local governments to seeking out nonconventional, low-cost sources of financing.
Most of the Massachusetts projects will be owned by the artists as limited equity cooperatives or condominiums. Agreements on the financing and maintenance of the buildings will guarantee that individual units will be sold only to artists at a fixed rate of profit so they remain affordable.
The group will pay $400,000 for a surplus school in a residential area, spending $45 per square foot when the market rate for property in Newton is about $200 per square foot. When the artists finish renovating the building, at an estimated cost of $1.2 million, it will contain 14 lofts for their working space and 3 housing units that will be sold back to the city, which will then rent them to low-income families.
Mayor Theodore D. Mann said that, besides the housing units, the city will get 14 pieces of art produced by members of the partnership and a more intangible benefit, an invigorated arts community.
One hundred Boston artists have signed an agreement to pay about $5 million for a warehouse of 245,000 square feet in a nearby city that Mr. Nesson said he could not identify until the deal is complete. The purchase would be financed by selling condominiums on the upper floors of the building and selling space on lower floors to art-related businesses with prices set at market rates.
''This isn't just a building, it's the start of an art colony,'' Mr. Nesson said of the project, which will include a gallery and performance space as well as 100 lofts.
Two weeks ago in Boston the private, non-profit Artist Foundation won approval to acquire a one-acre, city-owned site in the Roxbury neighborhood to construct a building that will have 12 lofts, said Mr. Nesson, who will direct the project. And in Provincetown, where a real estate boom threatens the existence of a century-old art colony, Mr. Nesson met with artists last winter to help them get organized. Subsequently, town officials recommended the sale of two and a half acres of public land to the artists. A proposal for loft construction will be considered at a town meeting in the fall, Mr. Nesson said.
On Monday, 50 artists who are working with Mr Nesson in Waltham proposed to buy the mills in which they now live, said Ms. Gilbert, one of the project's organizers. And another 40 Boston artists and 40 more from Lawrence, about 25 miles north of Boston, are assembling a deposit for a mill building on the Merrimack River in Lawrence, Mr. Nesson said.


The AHSAA is saddened to learn of the passing of Wenonah High School girls' basketball coach Emanuel "Tubb" Bell IV. He died Thursday afternoon, Jan. 31, after a long battle with cancer.
Coach Bell's team beat Parker 70-15 Wednesday night to improve to 19-8 with one regular-season game remaining. He compiled a 529-194 overall record in 25 years as the Lady Dragons' head coach. One of the nation's biggest ambassadors of girls' high school educational-based basketball, his teams won five state championships: including his first in 2004 and four in a row from 2014-2017. His team lost in the semifinals last year. Bell received numerous coach-of-the-year honors and was also the recipient of the Frank House Award presented to him by the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame in 2017.
"His legacy will live on in the hearts and soul of those he helped mold into outstanding adults. Our hearts and prayers go out to Coach Bell's family, his team, his school and all who loved him," Savarese added. "He fought a valiant fight and now I can only imagine that he is organizing a team and coaching in heaven tonight. Yes, I am sure with his contagious smile that he is working the crowd and hugging everyone in sight. Heaven has a new angel and we have lasting memories of Coach Bell.
Funeral arrangements were not available at this time.


text:
Cherington est un patronyme et toponyme pouvant désigner:

Patronyme
Ben Cherington (né en 1974), directeur général de baseball américain
Fletcher B. Cherington (1850-1908), révérend méthodiste américain

Toponyme

Cherington, village du Gloucestershire
Cherington, village du Warwickshire

Voir aussi

Homonymie de patronyme
Homonymie de toponyme

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Javascript return false, alert not working i'm trying to make sure certain fields are not left blank in my form. it seems simple enough but for some reason it's not working. The alert is not showing, and return false is not working (it continues to post blank entries into my database) please help, what am i doing wrong. thank you!
the script:
function check(){
var name = getElementById('name');
var date = getElementById('date');
var pri = getElementById('pri');
var asapc = getElementById('asapc');
var asapn = getElementById('asapn');
var obr = getElementById('obr');
var obc = getElementById('obc');
var obn = getElementById('obn');
  if (name.value == "" || date.value == "" || pri.value == "not" || asapc.value == "" ||  asapn.value == "" || obr.value == "" || obc.value == "" || obn.value == "") {
    alert( "One or more fields were not filled out." );
    return false ; }
    return true;
 }

The code:
<FORM ACTION="step2.php" METHOD="POST" onsubmit="check();">
<!-- fields here -->
<INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="CONTINUE">

A: access every element as document.getElementById... and in form tag write this onsubmit="return check();" instead if onsubmit="check();"

A: You are missing return here:
<FORM ACTION="step2.php" METHOD="POST" onsubmit="return check();">

A: You are missing (document) this is the correct syntax:
document.getElementById('id');

<script>
function check() {
var name = document.getElementById('name');
var date = document.getElementById('date');
  if (name.value == "" || date.value == "") {
        alert( "One or more fields were not filled out.");
        return false;
    }
}
</script>

and getElementByID means by ID not my tagName
<FORM ACTION="step2.php" METHOD="POST" onsubmit="return check();">
  <input name="name" type="text" value="" id="name">
  <input name="date" type="text" value="" id="date">
   .....etc..
  <INPUT TYPE="submit" VALUE="CONTINUE">
</FORM>

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It has been a whirlwind Summer. My youngest brother got married in June. My older brother flew in from Seattle with his family, and my niece and nephew stayed for part of the summer. We went fishing and explored some artists while they were here.
Floral and Abstract printed scarves and tops are now available at my Vida Signature Designs site.
Classes have been ongoing at Expressions Graphics (Pronto Plate, May-July), Michael's (Acrylic & Drawing), and the Community Arts Council's Arts Center (Oil & Acrylic Painting, Youth Art Club.
Fly'n Gypsy Arts & Journey's Coloring Books did several shows, including: May-July, What's Blooming on Harrison, Oak Park; June, Green Fest, Aurora; May-September "The Creative Soul: Art, Play & Ritual" at Life Force Arts Center, Chicago; September Dundee Farmer's Market, IL.
Meditation on Abundance with Grace Mary Perez & Jessica Kronika.
Group Show, featuring two of my portrait paintings in oil.
at Life Force Arts Center, 1609 W. Belmont, Chicago IL 60657.


Team registrations for the 2017 CPSA Premier League are now open.
Last year's champion Barrow Heath is set to defend its crown at the final on Owl's Lodge Shooting School on 16 September, but this year there will be eight stages for the series.
New this year is Honesberie Shooting School in Warwickshire, which will be the penultimate competition on 13 August.
Sponsorship comes from Promatic, Sunglasses for Sport and Gamebore, and entry details are on the CPSA website.


These verses contain the climax of Jesus' 'Bread of Life' discourse, which announced a bold promise of eternal life for all who believe in him and partake of his presence in the Eucharist. In unmistakable language, Jesus identifies himself with the elements of our Eucharistic Sacrifice, namely, the Bread and Wine. We feed on Jesus by believing or 'taking in' his Word and acting on it, and by believing in and 'taking in' his divine presence in the bread and wine. Just as we and the substances we eat and drink become one, so Jesus and those who feed on him form an intimate union.
This Gospel also implies that Jesus not merely visits those who feed on him, but he dwells there permanently. Today we celebrate that great feast of Corpus Christi, the Body and Blood of Christ. A feast that reflect back to earlier times of incense, bells, processions and canopies of the Church Militant and the Church Triumphant. One of the Feasts that perhaps best enumerates the ethos of being Catholic. We are so very defined by our belief in the Eucharist, we are a Eucharist centered people, remember the Council tells us that the Eucharist is the 'fount and apex, or the source and summit'. It is where we are from and what we are heading towards. What better way to talk about the Eucharist than source and summit, as fount and apex. The Eucharist is our source, our fount. We are born from the very side of Christ on the Cross. As blood and water flowed from his side we to flow from his side. We are strengthened by his very flesh and blood. We are enlivened by Christ himself. When we testify that Jesus is 'Body, Blood, Soul and divine; this phrase does not tell us what is present but tells us who is present. Jesus Christ flesh and blood created in his humanity, his flesh; breathed into and given life by the Father, is God made man. Jesus in the Eucharist is completely human in His Soul and completely God in his Divinity. Jesus Christ is fully and truly present in the Eucharist.
The Eucharist is a celebration of the love of Jesus for us, his blood shed for us in love and his body scourged, crowned with thorns and crucified for us. The wine poured and the bread broken is the love of Jesus for us, body and blood given for us. Because the Eucharist is the love of Jesus for us we always approach Jesus in the Eucharist with great respect and asking pardon for our sins. That is why it is so necessary at the start of every Mass to ask Jesus for mercy because we are so unworthy of his love, and again before receiving Jesus we express our unworthiness, 'Lord I am not worthy to receive you but only say the word and I shall be healed'. Think of how precious a moment in our Mass it is when we receive Jesus in Holy Communion. When we receive Jesus, Jesus is in us and we are with Jesus. It is like what Genesis says about the marriage of man and woman; no longer two but one cf. Genesis 2:24. It is the same when we receive Jesus. We are no longer two but one "he who eats my flesh abides in me and I in him" John 6:57.
To help us believe, from time to time, God has allowed visible miracles of the Eucharist to occur, Eucharistic Miracles as we call them. These are miracles that occurred during Mass when the bread changed into the form of flesh during the consecration and the wine changed into the form of blood during the consecration. Many such Eucharistic Miracles have occurred in various parts of the world and throughout the two millennia of Christian history and have been authenticated by the Church. In the year 1263 a priest from Prague was on route to Rome making a pilgrimage asking God for help to strengthen his faith since he was having doubts about his vocation. Along the way he stopped in Bolsena 70 miles north of Rome. While celebrating Mass there, as he raised the host during the consecration, the bread turned into flesh and began to bleed. The drops of blood fell onto the small white cloth on the altar, called the corporal.
The following year, 1264, Pope Urban IV instituted the feast of the Body and Blood of Jesus, today's feast, Corpus Christi. The Pope asked St Thomas Aquinas, living at that time, to write hymns for the feast and he wrote two, better known to the older members of our congregation, the Tantum Ergo and O Salutaris. That blood-stained corporal may still be seen in the Basilica of Orvieto north of Rome, and I had the privilege of seeing it personally. The blood has congealed and is now in five clots in the glass chalice. In 1971 and 1981 a hospital laboratory tested the flesh and blood and discovered that the flesh is myocardium, which is heart muscular tissue; so we could say it is the heart of Jesus, the Sacred Heart, and the blood is of the blood group AB.
In 1978 NASA scientists tested the blood on the Turin Shroud and interestingly also discovered that it is of the blood group AB. (The Sudarium, Face Cloth of Christ, in John 20:6 is also of the blood group AB.) Despite the fact that human flesh and blood should not have remained preserved for 1300 years the hospital lab tests found no trace of any preservatives.
One final interesting point about the five blood clots in the chalice is that when you weigh one of them, it is the same weight as all five together; two of them together weigh the same as all five. In fact no matter what way you combine the blood clots individually or in a group to weigh them, they always weigh the same. (This shows that the full Jesus is present in a particle of the Eucharist no matter how small). These are two Eucharistic miracles I have seen and which have been authenticated by the Church after investigation. In spiritual books you will read of many more Eucharistic miracles throughout the world which have been authenticated by the Church. All of these authenticated Eucharistic miracles throughout the world are surely an answer to any doubts we may have about Jesus in the Eucharist. Jesus is really with us in the Eucharist. Jesus comes to us in every Mass under the form of bread and wine.
What we need today is the right attitude to help us in our weak faith, from time to time; God has given us Eucharistic Miracles so that we may believe in the Real Presence of Jesus in the Eucharist. Come to Jesus, not like a scientist trying to analyze, but come in trust, surrender, believe and receive his love. Say to Jesus that you believe he is really present in the Blessed Sacrament and gradually grow from merely believing, to loving Jesus, and being loved by Jesus. Come to visit Jesus in the Tabernacle here in Church often where you will have a wonderful opportunity to trust, surrender, believe and receive the love of Jesus. Because our Archdiocese loves Jesus in the Eucharist so much we have Perpetual Eucharistic Adoration in several Parishes in our Archdiocese among the Holy Family Minor Basilica. Every hour of every day and night, our Archdiocese is trusting, surrendering, believing and receiving the love of Jesus in the Eucharist. It is your turn to trust, surrender, believe in and receive the love of Jesus for you in the Eucharist.
As a symbol of our love for Jesus we will carry him in procession tonight. It is also a symbol of Jesus' love for us. We cannot carry Jesus through every street or road in our parishes but nevertheless we know that Jesus is with us and loves us, his blood is poured out for us and his body broken for us. As Jesus passes you in the Blessed Sacrament adore him and thank him for all He has done for us unworthy sinners. Also as Jesus passes you in the Blessed Sacrament ask him for whatever healing you need. Try to put words on the deepest healing of your life that you need and ask Jesus to heal you. At every Mass this healing always occurs when people ask with true faith. Jesus in the monstrance will pass you by today. Adore him, love him and ask him for help. He is waiting for you. Remember the words of the consecration of every Mass recalling Jesus giving himself for us "This is my Body which will be given up for you....This is the cup of my blood. It will be shed for you..." Roman Canon Eucharistic prayer. May Jesus in the Eucharist always be the very center and heart of our Church, of our faith, of our Parishes, of our families and the center and heart of the lives of each of us.
Today we are exhorted to feed on the word of God which has already become flesh and is living among us. Therefore, participation in the Eucharist implies a commitment to living a Christ-centered life. It is our duty not to entertain obstacles that may prevent us from fulfilling this moment of grace. Let us make it a point that our understanding and believing in the Holy Eucharist improves our participation in the liturgy thus transforming our lives to be like the one we are celebrating. Lord Jesus Christ, we worship you living among us in the Sacrament of your Body and Blood, assist us to offer to our Father in heaven a solemn pledge of undivided love and to our brothers and sisters share a life that witnesses your undivided love.


Utensils and Implements, Household. Tightly woven bag with a strip of darker material at top and bottom. Design on one side is eight light blue squares surrounded by either pink or red triangles edged in blue and black. Other side has blue and red diamonds surrounded by black and red triangles.


SMARTRAC is the global leader for innovative RFID products and IoT-based solutions that are driving the digital transformation. We make objects smart and products come alive by unleashing the Internet of Things, creating additional value for people and businesses.
Our solutions enable to identify, authenticate, track product offerings, and utilize data analytics. SMARTRAC's offerings are suitable for a wide array of applications - such as animal identification, electronics & gaming, automatic vehicle identification solutions (AVIS), automation, keyless car access and immobilization, library and media management, packaging, retail, supply chain management, and many more.
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The handsome and impressive Chiseled Console is hand-wrought in iron. The design is inspired by the fine iron craftsmanship of the mid-twentieth century. The console features a hand applied antique gold metal leaf finish and two black granite shelves. The granite shelves are boxed separately. The console measures 60.5"W X 16.5"D X 34"H. Click on image for greater detail. If you are a qualified designer, please join our trade program!


The focus is on you with these clear white eyeglasses. This graceful frame comes in a matte semi-transparent white acetate finish throughout with round shaped lenses. A keyhole nose bridge, demur lines, and clean design create a look that is universally flattering for both men and women.
I actually love this frame! It fits perfectly on my face!
Love these!! Super comfy and lightweight!


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Matchzone
[ January 15, 2020 ] West Ham re-sign goalkeeper Darren Randolph from Middlesbrough	News
[ January 14, 2020 ] Lukasz Fabianski: West Ham goalkeeper 'out for a couple of weeks'	News
[ January 13, 2020 ] Lukasz Fabianski: West Ham goalkeeper to have scan on hip injury	News
[ January 11, 2020 ] VAR is not wanted in Premier League – West Ham's Declan Rice	News
[ January 10, 2020 ] Sheffield United 1-0 West Ham: VAR denies Hammers injury time equaliser	Matchzone
HomeOpinionPhil Parkes: 'Last summer's cash made this year stress free but West Ham must spend again'
Phil Parkes: 'Last summer's cash made this year stress free but West Ham must spend again'
April 5, 2019 Phil Parkes Opinion 0
As the season draws to a close, many of us will be looking towards the summer and asking ourselves who will sold and who will we bring in.
It's a difficult one to predict – certainly for the players we might bring in – but Arnie has blotted his copy book. It'll be interesting to see whether or not we will listen to offers. If he is sold, I would imagine we would get big money for him and that would boost our transfer budget.
It doesn't look like we will renew Andy Carroll's contract so that will help with recruitment as we'll have a bit more money available on the wage bill. Jack Wilshere has hardly played this season because of his injuries so it'll be interesting to see what happens with him.
Manuel Pellegrini will have players in mind that he wants to bring in, and there are one or two who might have crept into his mind for players to leave based on their recent performances. There are a few that haven't done themselves any favours and, unusually for him, he has been scathing of some of our performances recently. It does feel like some of them already have that end-of-season feeling.
The players need to remember that they need to keep impressing Pellegrini. He's the manager and he makes the decisions about who gets picked or not – he wants good performances week in, week out. We have a big squad and, perhaps for a long time, a big squad of players who can all come into the first team and do a job.
Long gone (I hope) are the days where someone comes in as there's been an injury to a first team regular and you are worried about what will happen. We have had a much better season, once everyone settled down, thanks to the money we spent last summer.
It's certainly been less stressful for the fans because we never really were in any danger of relegation. I think you have to spend every summer to keep competing in the Premier League, especially now with average players costing between 10 and 15 million. It just goes to show what great value we got for Lukasz Fabianski.
I think we have to spend again and it will be another summer of signings – I can't see how we can avoid it. You look at right back and while I've always liked Pablo Zabaleta, age-wise he isn't going to be able to go on forever. At 34, he's probably got another two seasons in him at best. We need better cover for him.
At left back, I think we will be ok with Aaron Cresswell, but I'm not sure about the centre backs recently. Sometimes they look as good as anybody in the league, and the next game they look like they've only met in the car park moments before the game! We've got plenty of options in midfield and Mark Noble keeps putting performances in so I'm not sure which position Pellegrini would want to address in the middle.
As for up top, does Javier Hernandez want to stay? He didn't like the fact he wasn't getting much game time earlier on in the season but he has been playing quite well since then. If he goes, and is followed by Carroll and Arnie, we will be light up top so would need to spend big to get ourselves a decent striker.
Aaron Cresswell
blowing bubbles
pablo zabaleta
Pub talk: Which players do you think will be on their way this summer? Farewell Andy Carroll?
Declan Rice could a hero, just like Martin Peters and Geoff Hurst once were
West Ham Women
Julian Dicks appointed manager of West Ham Ladies
June 19, 2014 David Blackmore West Ham Women 0
Former West Ham defender Julian Dicks has returned to the club as manager of West Ham Ladies. Dicks, who retired from playing in 2001 after a career which included more than 250 games in two
'If real world inflation matched football a loaf would cost us £12'
October 2, 2018 Lucy Woolford Features 0
What would West Ham's stars of yesterday be worth if they were playing today?
West Ham Ladies' determination to lay last season's ghosts to rest
August 18, 2013 David Blackmore West Ham Women 0
After failing to secure a place in the Women's Super League 2 and finishing mid-table in the FA Women's Premier League Southern Division, last season was one to forget for the West Ham Ladies. But
West Ham re-sign goalkeeper Darren Randolph from Middlesbrough
Lukasz Fabianski: West Ham goalkeeper 'out for a couple of weeks'
Lukasz Fabianski: West Ham goalkeeper to have scan on hip injury
VAR is not wanted in Premier League – West Ham's Declan Rice
Sheffield United 1-0 West Ham: VAR denies Hammers injury time equaliser


Just before entering the university, Yanagiba Masahiko's father died in a car accident. His mother died when he was four, which makes him now really an orphan. But even before the death of his father, he didn't have a family life, as his father was always busy or abroad.
When his mother's younger brother and his wife decide to invite him to live with their family, his life takes a turn. But it is not going to be the normal family life he is imagining for himself. What is the "terrible" secret that led his parents to break the bonds with his aunt and uncle? What could be the true nature of his cousin, Shion? And last but not least, will this "terrible" secret eventually get Yanagiba, too?


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Home Posts tagged "Kanye West"
Most Notable Fashion Moments of 2014 – The Holidazed Issue
2014 has been an amazing year, especially in fashion. Ahead, a look back at the ground-breaking moments, whether good bad, or ugly, that stood out among the rest. ♦ JANUARY Sarah Jessica Parker...
By Meets / December 17, 2014
Kanye West Teaches a Class About Fashion Design
Proving that those who can't, teach -- Kanye West spent last Friday at the Los Angeles Trade Technical College sharing his fashion knowledge to eager students as part of his court-mandated community...
By Meets / September 23, 2014
Fashion Watch: Kate Moss's Playboy Cover, the Y-3 Book, Spike Jonze's "Her" x Opening Ceremony
Spike Jonze's latest film, "Her," gets an Opening Ceremony collection (via Opening Ceremony) Look but don't touch. The Y-3 book that will probably never make it into your hands (via Hint) Feeling...
Seth Rogen and James Franco's Hilarious "Bound 2" Parody Will Make You Smile All Day
Last week, Kanye West was on everyone's mind as he debuted his music video for "Bound 2." Confused viewers watched a West riding on a non-moving motorcycle while Kim Kardashian sprawled her naked...
Kanye West Not Giving Up on Fashion and Announces Collaboration With A.P.C.
It looks like Kanye West will live yet another day in fashion after his poorly received collection debut last year. Not one to give up his fashion design hopes and dreams easily, Kim Kardashian's...
By Meets / July 8, 2013
6 Most-Likely Products Kim & Kanye Would Shill in a Joint Business Venture
Now that Kim and Kanye have made a baby, we can now officially call them a kouple. And a famous one at that. With Kim's Shoe Dazzle, Belle Noel jewelry line, Kardashian Kolors OPI nail line, PerfectSkin...
TEXTILE by Elizabeth and James' New, Comic Book-Inspired Fall 2012 collection
Anna Wintour said it a year ago at the Webby Awards, "Sometimes Geeks Can Be Chic," and TEXTILE by Elizabeth and James' new, comic book-inspired Fall 2012 collection is definitely what we would...
By Natalia / May 7, 2012
Kanye West Designs a Sexy, Strappy Women's Shoe for London Fashion Week
Models wearing shoes designed by Kanye West. Courtesy Photo/ Dion Lee _____________________________ Regardless of harsh criticism, Kanye West is just not going to give up on fashion, at least not in the apparel...
By Natalia / February 27, 2012
Fashion Watch: Victoria Beckham Unveils a Handbag, DVF Designs Coke Bottles, Whispers of a Topshop Kanye West Line
Diane von Furstenberg's super-chic prints are found on Coke bottles that will be sold to benefit The Heart Truth, a women's heart health research program (via Fashion Etc.) Spanish brand Pikolinos...
By Audrey / February 14, 2012
Kanye West May be Moving to London for his Fashion Line
Hip-hop superstar and long-time admirer of fashion, Kanye West is reportedly making London his permanent home to pursue his fashion ambitions. As countdown to Paris fashion week approaches, designers...
By Natalia / January 3, 2012
Triple Servings: "Diamonds Are Forever" Served by Shirley Bassey, Arctic Monkeys, and Kanye West
There are those wonderful, rare instances where a film's soundtrack becomes more famous than the film itself. In the case of the James Bond films, the songs are almost guaranteed hits--at least,...
By Yohana / December 2, 2011
"I'll Take Care of You" — Gil Scott Heron, Drake, Florence and the Machine
Undoubtedly one of the best spoken word poets to exist, Gil Scott-Heron left the world far too soon when he passed last May. However, he left behind a veritable treasure trove of poetry and music that...
Hot Links: Pop Culture Edition
Market to men all you want, Dr. Pepper. You can't keep women away from your sugary low calorie drinks. (via USA Today) YouTube tutu-wearing-British-rapping-youngins with Nicki Minaj on Ellen (via...
By Caroline / October 13, 2011
Entertainment Trumps Fashion at Kanye West's Paris Fashion Week Debut
Two looks shown at Kanye West's fashion debut at Paris Fashion Week. The premiere of rap superstar Kanye West's fashion line that has been rumored for months has finally come...
By Tiffany / October 3, 2011


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Una torre civica è una costruzione elevata con la funzione di ospitare campane destinate a scandire i momenti della vita quotidiana civile di una città, differenziandosi così da un campanile, la cui funzione, per analogia, è legata alla vita religiosa. A partire dal XIV secolo si cominciò a munirla anche di orologio.

Le torri civiche sono diffuse ovunque il governo comunale raggiunse uno sviluppo molto avanzato, rendendo necessaria la costruzione di una struttura che sottolineasse la superiorità del governo comunale sui palazzi nobiliari o dei più facoltosi cittadini.
Divennero ben presto un monumento simbolo della potenza economica e militare delle città: quanto più alta era la torre, tanto più potente era la sua città.
Tali edifici sono diffusi in quasi tutta l'Italia del centro e del nord e nel resto dell'Europa centrosettentrionale laddove si è diffusa la forma di governo civico cittadino durante la età dei comuni medioevali.

I Beffroi delle Fiandre

Nell'area dell'Europa settentrionale, un tempo occupata dalle Fiandre, la torre civica assume il nome francese di beffroi , o olandese belfort. Il termine deriverebbe dall'alto tedesco medio bërovrit, o bërvrit, letteralmente "preservare la pace"; dall'etimologie tedesche di bergen, "preservare-conservare" e di Friede, "pace".
Infatti era una torre concepita come struttura chiusa per custodire i più preziosi oggetti di proprietà della città; tra questi spiccavano i diplomi concessi dai grandi feudatari o dall'Imperatore che riconoscevano determinati diritti ed esenzioni alle città; poiché secondo l'usanza del tempo venivano redatti in copia unica, dovevano essere conservati con somma cura, poiché su di essi le città basavano la loro prosperità.

Alcune di queste torri civiche sono state inserite nella lista dei Patrimoni dell'umanità dell'UNESCO. Nelle Fiandre le più rilevanti di queste torri sono quelle di Gand, Tournai e Bruges. Un altro straordinario esempio di torre civica è rappresentato dal Beffroi del Municipio di Bruxelles, nella Grand Place, alto ben 96 metri ed eretto nel 1454 ad opera di Marten van Rode; nella tradizione bruxellese è detto la Tour Inimitable.

I carillon di campane
All'inizio le campane furono utilizzate solo in contesti religiosi, ma più le città si svilupparono e più le campane svolsero funzioni più diverse nella vita quotidiana. La Campana dell'Allerta, detta anche Roland (dal nome del nordico paladino Rolando) venne issata sui beffroi a partire dal XIV secolo, e in seguito suonò anche le ore. Se suonava all'allerta, il suo suono veniva preceduto dai rintocchi di tre piccole campane dai toni differenti: era l'inizio del carillon. Negli anni i carillon vennero man mano ingranditi; oggi ne contano diverse decine, fino ad arrivare, come in quello di Malines, a 98 campane.

Bibliografia

  Sébastien Hamez, Petites histoires de beffrois, Ed. La Voix du Nord, Lilla, 2000.
  Marie-Lavande Laidebeur, Des Beffrois et des Hommes, Ed. Geai Bleu Éditions, Lilla, 2005.
  Jean-Luc A. d'Asciano, Catherine Dhérent, Sam Bellet, Les Donjons de la liberté, beffrois du Nord-Pas-de-Calais et de la Picardie, Ed. Du Quesne, Lilla, 2006.
  Jocelyne Denière, Lysiane Denière, Les Beffrois de Belgique et de France inscrits au PatrimoineMondial de l'Humanité de l'Unesco, Ed J. e L. DENIERE, Dunkerque, 2008 ISBN 978-2-911327-26-1

Voci correlate

 Torri e campanili più alti d'Europa
 Campanile
 Minareto
 Battifredo (torre)

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni


As a new medical school graduate, author Matt McCarthy was unsure of himself, and grateful to be taken under the wing of smart second-year resident whose good looks and charm reminded him of actor Scott Baio. "Dr. Baio" asked McCarthy about the skills he had acquired as a student.
"Can you draw blood?" asked Dr. Baio.
"Can you put in an IV?"
"Can you put in a nasogastric tube?
"Ha! That's a 'no.' Can you write a note?"
"That will actually be a big help. Examine every patient and write a note on them for the chart."
So began McCarthy's first day as an intern in the cardiac unit at Columbia University Medical Center. He felt hopelessly inadequate, as if his time in medical school had not prepared him at all for treating patients.
In his second month, the drama of an accidental needle stick while he drew blood from a patient convinced him his medical career was over before it began. Not only had he just introduced a virulent strain of AIDS into his own bloodstream, even if his blood test did come back negative, he feared his reputation as a doctor was shot because of his careless mistake.
He was prescribed a month-long, gut-twisting pill regimen in hopes of stopping the infection.
McCarthy continued working at the hospital as he waited for the results of his AIDS test (it was, in fact, negative). Each patient McCarthy connected with taught him something — either about medicine, about being a patient, or about himself.
"As the year progressed, I'd stopped viewing my work as a movie, one in which I just happened to have a starring role. This was not The Truman Show," writes McCarthy. "As I became more comfortable doing my job, I felt less like an actor, less like someone playing a part. Medicine was a job and I now felt comfortable doing it. I no longer needed a script. Intern year had fundamentally changed me — altered the way I viewed my world and myself — and it was unquestionably the most fun I never wanted to have again."
McCarthy, a graduate of both Yale and Harvard, is an assistant professor of Medicine at Weill Cornell Medical College and on staff at New York-Presbyterian Hospital. His previous book, "Odd Man Out," which appeared on the NYT bestseller list, details Dr. McCarthy's year pitching in the Anaheim Angels' minor-league system during the 2002 season; following his pitching season, he entered medical school.
Fans of personal memoirs or medical TV shows like "House" will really enjoy this title, available at Carlsbad Public Library.


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U.S. launches criminal probe of eBay: report
Published: Sept. 13, 2011 at 5:35 p.m. ET
Sue Chang
SAN FRANCISCO (MarketWatch) -- U.S. prosecutors are investigating whether eBay Inc. EBAY, +1.96% employees misappropriated confidential information from Craigslist, Reuters reported Tuesday on its website, citing a grand jury subpeona. The subpoena, issued last week on behalf of the Justice Department, seeks a vast amount of information and documents, including those related to eBay Chairman Pierre Omidyar, the news agency said.
Sue Chang is a markets reporter based in San Francisco. She previously worked for Dow Jones Newswires in Asia and served as the agency's bureau chief in Seoul, South Korea. Follow Sue on Twitter at: @SueChangMW.


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Are China and the US on the brink of a Cold War?
Updated / Friday, 17 Jul 2020 16:00
When two tribes go to war: US president Donald Trump with Chinese president Xi Jinping at the G20 Summit in Osaka in June 2019. Photo: Getty Images
By Jim Browne
Analysis: the relationship between the two countries has been transformed from close cooperation to outright competition
The Covid-19 crisis has raised the tension between the US and China, with disagreement and accusations about the source of the virus and claims that China could have done more to prevent it becoming a worldwide pandemic. But the scene for mutual suspicion had already been set by the trade war of the past three years which has damaged both economies. Controversy over Huawei's entry into the global 5G market has also exacerbated the issue.
Well informed commentators talk about the start of a new Cold War. Conflict between the two largest economies in the world over Taiwan, Hong Kong and control of the South China Sea could well boil over. The relationship between the two has been transformed from close cooperation to outright competition.
Concern about the emergence of China as a major power precedes the presidency of Donald Trump. In 2012, an article in The Atlantic suggested that the "Euro Atlantic world had a long run of global dominance but it is coming to an end". That article pointed out that China's share of world GDP was 2% in 1980 when the US accounted for circa 25%. More recent data suggests that the US continued to represent a quarter of global nominal GDP, whereas China's share had increased by more than 16%.
From RTÉ Radio 1's Morning Ireland in May 2019, a discussion on the prospect of an all-out US/China trade war
The stakes in this conflict are high. The West, particularly the US, has engaged significantly with China, over the years since Deng Xiaoping launched a historic reform of the Chinese economy, welcoming inward investment and ultimately joining the World Trade Organisation in 2001.
Thousands of US and European companies have established businesses and manufacturing plants there. Bilateral trade between the US and China exceeded half a trillion dollars in 2019. Hundreds of thousands of Chinese students study in some of the best American and European universities. Major European and American automakers are dependent on the Chinese market. Over a third of VW's and approximately 40% of GM's worldwide sales were in China. The recent launch of the Made in China 2025 programme confirms China's ambition to be a leader rather than a follower in industry and technology.
From RTÉ News, Queen's University Belfast are chartering a plane for students travelling from China
Where might a new cold war lead? One possibility, of course, is escalation to a real war. Professor Graham Allison of Harvard's Kennedy School considered the possibility in his 2017 book Destined for War – Can America and China Escape Thucydides' Trap? Named for Thucydides, the Greek historian of the 5th century BC, the trap suggests that emerging powers end up in inevitable military conflict (as Athens did with Sparta).
Allison generalised this concept. Rising powers threaten established powers, and the issue is frequently resolved through war. He reviewed 16 historical situations since the early 16th century and, in all but four cases, war was the outcome. The four cases he cites as being resolved without recourse to war are all relatively recent, starting with the transition from the British empire to the Pax Americana post 1945, and including the end of the Cold War in the 1980s. Perhaps we have learned something from history.
To understand China's attitudes towards its place in the world, it is worth knowing that many in the country regard it as having had, as the phrase goes, "a difficult 19th century". The latter half of that century up to the early to mid 20th century was particularly challenging. The Opium Wars of the 1840s and 1850s, the ceding of treaty ports, including Hong Kong, to various European and Asian powers, defeat by Japan in the first Sino-Japanese war of 1894-95, major internal strife brought about by the Taiping and Boxer rebellions and the emergence of regional warlords. as the authority of the Empress Dowager Cixi and the central bureaucracy faded, resulted in what is considered by many Chinese to be an era of humiliation.
From It's History, a look at the period between the 1840s and the 1940s which is known as China's Century of Humiliation
China is very conscious of its history and the patterns of the rise and fall of empires and powerful civilisations. How many of us in the West appreciate that China and India were the most advanced economies in the world from the fall of the Roman Empire until well into the 18th century?
Talking to colleagues and students in China over many years, what stands out is their level of ambition. There is an evident commitment to realising that ambition and their sense of pride that China is again "taking its place in the world", after what they consider the humiliation of the past. Their perspective seems to reflect Xi Jinping's bolder stance, and contrasts with the approach widely attributed to Deng Xiaoping to "hide your strength, bide your time and never take the lead".
The response of the US to a more assertive China is clear and is shared across the US political divide. A change of president will not alter the fundamental policy approach, although it will likely lead to more effective engagement with US allies, particularly in Asia. It's unlikely that countries such as India, Japan, Australia and South Korea will want to be led into a binary choice between the US and China.
From RTÉ Radio 1's Drivetime, Professor Rana Mitter from the China Centre at Oxford University on the rise of Chinese nationalism and the vast reach of China's economy
The attitude of the German government, knowing that China is Germany's biggest trading partner, is informative. While critical of the new national security law in Hong Kong, Angela Merkel has emphasised the need for dialogue with China on the basis of mutual respect. Given the interconnectedness of China with the wider world and the global challenges of climate change and biodiversity, Merkel's approach of simultaneously cooperating and competing where appropriate is probably the best way forward. China is unlikely to respond well to aggressive criticism from the west.
Allison concludes his book with the suggestion that "China and US are currently on a collision course for war". Let's hope that the collision, whether an actual war or a cold one, will be avoided and that the behaviour of states in earlier times will not be repeated in the nuclear age. As Allison has shown, the experience of the 20th century gives cause for optimism. But it will require very sophisticated and nuanced leadership in China and the US, supported by the wider global community, to deliver a peaceful and equitable resolution to what appears today an intractable problem.
The views expressed here are those of the author and do not represent or reflect the views of RTÉ
Jim Browne
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Professor Jim Browne is a former President of NUI Galway. He is engaged in academic leadership projects with a number of Chinese universities.


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Private Dancer Tina Turner
Song Lists
The Story of...
More Smooth Radio
The 30 best Christmas songs of all time
18 December 2019, 15:04 | Updated: 18 December 2019, 15:06
Picture: Columbia/BBC
Unlike any other music genre, Christmas songs never seem to get old.
Every December, we guiltlessly wheel them out. We always love singing and dancing along to festive favourites from yesteryear.
The 20 worst Christmas songs of all time
But what are the greatest Christmas songs of all time?
We've ranked our very favourite Christmas crackers below. Is yours in there?
George Michael - 'December Song (I Dreamed of Christmas)'
An underrated modern Christmas song, George released this back in 2009, giving him a top 10 hit at the time.
It samples 'Christmas Waltz' by Frank Sinatra, and is a lovely look back at Christmases as a child. Written for the Spice Girls and then Michael Bublé in mind, George decided to keep it for himself.
Johnny Mathis - 'When a Child is Born'
This song was based on the melody of 'Soleado', a tune from 1974 by Ciro Dammicco and Dario Baldan Bembo. After songwriter Fred Jay added English lyrics, it was covered by various artists, including veteran crooner Johnny Mathis.
Mathis scored an unexpected Christmas number one in 1976, selling over 800,000 copies.
Cliff Richard - 'Mistletoe and Wine'
Sir Cliff became the new King of Christmas after releasing this festive ballad in 1988, becoming that year's Christmas number one.
The song was actually written for a musical called Scraps, which was an adaptation of Hans Christian Andersen's The Little Match Girl, set in Victorian London. Cliff loved the song, and tweaked it to have a more religious angle.
Bonus fact: Smooth's Myleene Klass provided backing vocals in the choir part of the song when she was just 10 years old!
Jethro Tull - 'Ring Out, Solstice Bells'
This song is about the winter solstice, which takes place on the shortest day of the year in the northern hemisphere - either December 21 or 22. The song describes a solstice celebration in medieval times, with dancing druids and ringing bells. Not your usual Christmas hit subject!
It wasn't a massive hit at the time, reaching number 28 in 1976, but we command you to not tap your feet or clap along to it. It will be impossible.
David Essex - 'A Winter's Tale'
Songwriting giants Mike Batt and Tim Rice wrote this ballad after David Essex asked them specifically.
The song was a comeback of sorts for Essex, giving him a number three hit in 1983.
Brenda Lee - 'Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree'
One of the most timeless Christmas songs ever made, Brenda Lee first recorded this festive party anthem in 1958 when she was just 13!
It has continued to return to the charts in recent years, and in 2017 it returned to the top 10 for the first time since 1963, reaching number nine.
Paul McCartney - 'Wonderful Christmastime'
It may be one of Sir Paul's cheesiest ever songs, but it's a feel good Christmas classic.
Paul released the tune in 1979, giving him a UK top 10 hit. While the rest of Wings appear in the knees-up video, they did not actually play on the song.
Mike Oldfield - 'In Dulci Jubilo'
In 1975, Mike Oldfield released an instrumental version of the German Christmas carol 'In Dulci Jubilo', and it's still one of the jauntiest Christmas tunes ever.
In case you wondering, 'In dulci jubilo' is translated as 'In sweet rejoicing'.
The Waitresses - 'Christmas Wrapping'
This underrated song is told from the perspective of a busy single woman trying not to participate in the exhausting Christmas period, while also trying to finally agree to a date with a man she met earlier in the year.
Songwriter Chris Butler wrote the lyrics in a taxi on the way to the recording studio. He explained that the idea came from "just very much that for years I hated Christmas ... Everybody I knew in New York was running around like a bunch of fiends. It wasn't about joy. It was something to cope with."
Darlene Love - 'Christmas (Baby Please Come Home)'
This song was originally included on the 1963 compilation album, A Christmas Gift for You from Philles Records and producer Phil Spector.
It was intended for Ronnie Spector of The Ronettes, but according to Darlene Love, Ronnie was not able to put as much emotion into the song as needed. Instead, Love was brought into the studio, and it became one of her signature tunes.
Jona Lewie - 'Stop the Cavalry'
Jona Lewie has said that this song was never intended as a Christmas tune, and that it was actually a protest song.
However, the line 'Wish I was at home for Christmas' as well as the brass band arrangements, made it an accidentally-perfect Christmas pop song.
John Lennon and Yoko Ono - 'Happy Xmas (War is Over)'
Released in 1971 by Lennon with Yoko Ono and the Plastic Ono Band, this Christmas song is set to the traditional English ballad 'Skewball'.
It is also a protest song against the Vietnam War, and has since become a Christmas standard every December, and is often named in polls as a holiday favourite around the world.
Joni Mitchell - 'River'
This folk song is about the recent breakup of a relationship, with Joni longing to escape her feelings. It is thought to be inspired by her relationship with singer Graham Nash.
Although the song is merely set near Christmas time, rather than being about Christmas, it has become a modern Christmas standard.
Slade - 'Merry Xmas Everybody'
IT'S CHRISTMAAAS!
That's almost all you need to say about this song! Slade's 1973 Christmas number one is a festive banger unlike any other, and has sold over 1.2 million copies in the UK alone.
Shakin' Stevens - 'Merry Christmas Everyone'
It may sum up 'Christmas cheese, but you can't not feel good when you hear this every December.
Shaky actually delayed releasing this in 1984 as he would have been up against Band Aid and Wham! It paid off, as he scored the Christmas number one for '85.
Chris de Burgh - 'A Spaceman Came Travelling'
You might not know this song by title alone, but you'll no doubt know its familiar soaring 'la la la la' chorus.
The song was created after Chris was inspired by a book which made him think "what if the star of Bethlehem was a space craft and what if there is a benevolent being or entity in the universe keeping an eye on the world and our foolish things that we do to each other?"
The Pretenders - '2000 Miles'
The Story of... '2000 Miles' by The Pretenders
This Christmas ballad is one of the best-loved Pretenders song, and gave them a number 15 hit in 1984.
While many people believe the song refers to two long-distance lovers who miss each other at Christmas, it was actually written for James Honeyman-Scott, the group's original guitar player, who died the year before it was released.
Elton John - 'Step Into Christmas'
Curiously, this song was not a huge hit at the time for Elton, only reaching number 24 in 1973. However, it has since become a favourite, and reached a new peak of 11 in 2017.
The track was recorded to echo the famous 'Wall of Sound', made famous by producer Phil Spector in the 1960s.
Andy Williams - 'It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year'
One of the happiest Christmas tunes ever, this was recorded by Andy Williams back in 1963 for his Christmas Album that year.
However, it wasn't actually released as a single at the time, with the label going for a cover of 'White Christmas' instead. Over time, it has become one of the standard Christmas songs of all time.
Carpenters - 'Merry Christmas Darling'
The lyrics of this song were written in 1946 by Frank Pooler, who was the choir director at California State University, where Karen and Richard Carpenter were both part of the choir.
In 1966, at Pooler's request, Richard composed the music, which was first released in 1970. This sparked the interest of a Christmas album by the Carpenters, and in 1978, Christmas Portrait was released.
Band Aid - 'Do They Know It's Christmas'
This was the first time the idea of a charity supergroup single came about, after Bob Geldof and Midge Ure saw Michael Buerk's TV report on the famine in Ethiopia.
Featuring a cast of pop icons from George Michael to Boy George to Sting, the song became the highest-selling ever in the UK until 1997.
Wizzard - 'I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday'
Released the same year as Slade's fellow festive glam anthem, Wizzard amazingly only reached number four at the time.
However, Roy Wood's tune has become a Christmas staple and has charted every year since downloads and streams were included, reaching as high as 15 in 2017.
David Bowie and Bing Crosby - 'Peace on Earth/Little Drummer Boy'
This song was an early form of a mash-up of sorts, featuring the 1941 Christmas song 'The Little Drummer Boy' and new composition 'Peace on Earth'.
David Bowie performed the song with Bing Crosby for the latter's 1977 TV special, filmed just five weeks before his death. The song was preceded with a short skit in which the pair exchanged scripted dialogue about what they each do for their family Christmases.
Bowie admitted to having only appeared on the show because "I just knew my mother liked him".
Chris Rea - 'Driving Home for Christmas'
The Story of... 'Driving Home for Christmas' by Chris Rea
Released in 1988, this Christmas favourite only reached number 53 at the time! However, it's now a national favourite, and reached a new peak of 14 in 2017.
Rea said he wrote the song when he needed to get home to Middlesbrough from Abbey Road Studios in London. The inspiration came as he was getting stuck in heavy traffic, while the snow was falling.
Bing Crosby - 'White Christmas'
The popular Christmas song that arguably started it all. Written in 1940 by Irving Berlin, the Bing Crosby version became the best-selling single in the world of all time.
Bing recorded it for the 1942 movie Holiday Inn, and its mixture of melancholy and images of home became particularly popular during World War II, helping to cement it as one of the most popular Christmas songs ever.
Greg Lake - 'I Believe in Father Christmas'
Emerson, Lake and Palmer member Greg Lake wrote this song as a anti-Christmas commercialism tune.
He said of the inspiration behind it: "For me as a child, it was the visual image of peace on earth and goodwill toward men. It was the symbol of generosity and feeling good. And that's what I think Christmas is all about".
Nat King Cole - 'The Christmas Song'
Bob Wells and Mel Tormé wrote this song in 1945 during a blistering hot summer. In an effort to "stay cool by thinking cool", the most-performed Christmas song was born.
The Nat King Cole Trio recorded it in 1946, and Cole recorded a version in 1953 with a full orchestra with Nelson Riddle conducting. His 1961 version with Ralph Carmichael is generally considered as definitive.
It has been recorded by countless artists, from Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Andy Williams, Stevie Wonder, Glen Campbell, Paul McCartney and Bob Dylan.
Mariah Carey - 'All I Want for Christmas is You'
Released in 1994, this modern Christmas classic continues to be a huge hit every year since downloads and streaming were included in the singles chart. With global sales of over 16 million copies, the song remains Mariah's biggest international hit, and is the 11th best-selling single of all time.
In case you were wondering, that's Mariah's then-husband Tommy Mottola making a cameo appearance as Santa Claus in the video.
The Pogues and Kirsty MacColl - 'Fairytale of New York'
The Story of... 'Fairytale of New York'
Another song to stall at number two for Christmas (this time behind Pet Shop Boys' cover of 'Always on My Mind'), this folk ballad has become a must-listen every single December.
Frontman Shane MacGowan has said that the song came about after a bet made by the their producer at the time, Elvis Costello, that they would not be able to write a Christmas hit single. He was wrong!
Wham! - 'Last Christmas'
The Story of... 'Last Christmas' by Wham!
One of the most popular Christmas pop songs of all time, this track had to settle for the Christmas number two spot in 1984, as it was also the year Band Aid released 'Do They Know It's Christmas' (which George also featured on).
The song returned to number two in 2017, after fans attempted to get it to number one in tribute to George, who died on Christmas Day the previous year.
More Christmas news
See more More Christmas news
Westlife reflect on 20 years since their 1999 Christmas number one
Mariah Carey and Wham! come agonisingly close to finally reaching number one
LadBaby scores second Christmas number one in a row, Wham! finishes at five
Remembering George Michael's beautiful forgotten Christmas song 10 years later
David Bowie in The Snowman: Why did the music icon appear in the Christmas classic?
Remembering when Michael Bublé 'duetted' with Bing Crosby on 'White Christmas'
The Story of... 'River' by Joni Mitchell
Bryan Adams reimagines the nativity in his new Christmas song video
Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas: Who wrote the festive song and what are the lyrics?
The Story of... 'Peace on Earth/Little Drummer Boy' by David Bowie and Bing Crosby
More on Smooth
The 10 best Simply Red songs, ranked
Folk singer David Olney dies on stage mid-song at festival, aged 71
Madonna cancels another tour show 45 minutes before start time due to injury
Unseen David Bowie footage released for the first time


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The Allrounder
Running. Fitness. Exploring.
The RunThrough Races London Runners Guide
Posted byTom Wheatley 26th Jan 2020 Posted inRacesTags:10k, 5k, Half-marathon, Races, running, runthrough
Heard of the RunThrough races? If there's anything I know a fair bit about as a runner, it's the London race scene. And although there may be hundreds of races across the capital put on by dozens of different race organisers, none dominate quite like the RunThrough races behemoth.
As a London resident, I've been doing RunThrough races for the past four years or so and they've become a standard part of most of my weekend and Wednesday evenings. I haven't actually counted how many they put on these days, but trust me, its a lot. And they're not just in London anymore, the team has events popping up all over the country.
Why is it so popular? Well, there's many reasons. The community, the convenience, the fact that signing up for a race means that you're making a commitment to getting out there. For me, it's something that means I put effort into my running. I don't run every race like I'm trying to get a PB, that would be asking for injury, but I do push harder than I would on a normal training run.
I also just really like the RunThrough vibe. It's a great mix of club athletes, newbies, people having fun and everything in-between.
In this guide, I'm going to run through a heap of the RunThrough events in case you're planning on doing one and you want some pointers on what to expect. Race frequency is based on my knowledge of the events.
RunThrough often adds new events throughout the year so the number of events can vary.
RunThrough Races: Greenwich Park 5k/10k
Greenwich Park is probably my favourite of all the RunThrough races. Yes, it's by far one of the toughest courses you'll find across the capital, with a killer 500m long hill (that you have to do three times in the 10k), but as far as beautiful locations go, you're not going to beat it. Especially when you get to the top.
The other thing I love about Greenwich is that even though you have to climb that hill, you know that you've got about 2k of enjoyable flats and downhill afterwards. Mentally that's a nice feeling and once you start thinking about the positives the hill isn't quite so bad.
Distances: 5k | 10k
Laps: 1.5 (5k) | 3 (10k)
Frequency: Fairly often throughout the year. Maybe once every couple of months.
Tip: The toilets are located on the way up the hill. If you're heading up that way to the start nip in first as it's a bit of a walk back and can get busy towards the start of the race.
RunThrough Races: Finsbury Park
I'm a big fan of Finsbury Park, firstly because it's one of the less frequent RunThrough events but also because there's a really nice long section for about 2k that seems to go really quickly.
There is one fairly big hill about a kilometre in, but overall it does feel like you get a lot more declines that you do inclines throughout the race. The Park is also one of London's lesser know outdoor spaces, so it's well worth a visit.
Distances: 5k | 10k | Half Marathon
Laps: 2 (5k) | 4 (10k) | 8 (Half Marathon)
Frequency: Not very often, maybe three or four a year at most.
Tip: If you can maintain your pace on the hill then you can ramp up the speed on the long declines and aim for a quick time. It's really not that long a climb and you get a lot of nice kilometres in this race.
RunThrough Races: Olympic Park
The Olympic Park is the workhorse of the RunThrough calendar and is by far the most frequent of any of the events throughout the year.
It's an incredible location and, as you can probably expect from the fact that the Olympics was held there, it's extremely well designed for running. By that I mean the paths and wide-open space are perfect for a race. It's also largely flat, depending on what route you end up doing – it can change throughout the year depending on what building or events are going on at the Park.
The 2.5 loop is great for anyone aiming for a PB or focussing on speed training as it's very easy to monitor how fast you're going. The park is also a really nice location to run. It's not scenic in the Greenwich Park sense, but there's a lot going on to look at.
Due to the fact that there's lighting and absolutely no roads on the course, it's also the location of the Chase the Moon events; the Wednesday evening runs that take place in winter.
Laps: 2 (5k) | 4 (10k)
Frequency: There are loads of them. Sometimes three or more a month.
Tip: The race starts and ends at The Last Drop cafe/bar, which makes it a great race for spectators. They also do really nice coffee.
RunThrough Races: Crystal Palace
The Crystal Palace race is an awesome route that takes in the impressive and winding park. It's not a fast race due to a load of hills and lots of twisting and turning, but it's by far one of the most enjoyable in the race calendar.
For those living south it's a welcome treat to have one so close, for people like me who live over east it's a nice chance to see another part of London that feels more like you're in the countryside that in the city.
Frequency: Not that many. Four or five a year.
Tip: About 500m into the race there's a really tight path that's on a fairly steep incline. It can get really congested so if you're aiming for a fast time make sure you get further ahead.
RunThrough Races: Lee Valley Velopark
The Velopark race is probably the strangest race that RunThrough do and it's definitely an acquired taste. The event is more like a mini running festival where participants make their way around the one-mile cycling track built for the Olympics.
The range of races runs from one mile to half marathon distance and it's a great family run where spectators or finishers can potter about the little race village and watch the runners as they go round.
For runners who do a handful of races a year and want them to be memorable experiences, it's not the most inspiring event. But if you're looking for a race as part of your training plan or are new to running and want to take on an event where you feel safe in the knowledge that you're always a mile or less from the finish line, it's a great opportunity to enjoy a relaxed race.
In terms of elevation, it's a lot harder than you might think with constant undulation across the full mile course. Good for training, not a great one for a PB.
Distances: 1 Mile | 5k | 10k | 10 Mile | Half Marathon
Laps: One mile = One lap
Frequency: Really frequent. Normally every month.
Tip: The toilets can get quite busy. So get there early.
RunThrough Races: Brixton
I just did this one for the first time in over a year and I forgot how difficult it is. There's a long section that feel likes a constant ascent for over a kilometre and one really steep 300m climb towards the end of the course. The downhills feel significantly smaller in comparison.
The park itself is really nice to run in through and has some great views as you make you're way around. It can get a bit tight in places though so make sure you're in the right starting location.
Distances: 10k
Frequency: Only two or three a year
Tip: Don't underestimate the hills. Find a pace that you can handle as it really hurts by lap three.
RunThrough Races: Victoria Park
Another RunThrough classic and one that is enormously popular every time they put the event on. The race takes in the larger part of the park and is one of the busiest RunThrough events.
I've done this race loads of times now as I live down the road. For me, it's one of the toughest as there are some really long straights that seem to go on for ages. The plus side is that the paths are really wide and there's very little elevation. It's a race that's famous for people trying to get PBs.
Oh yeah, Will Ferrel ran it last year as well. Although I've not been able to find out how fast he did it.
Laps: 1.3 (5k) | 3 (10k) | 6.5 (Half Marathon)
Frequency: There's normally one a month
Tip: Due to the different start points and slightly deviating courses it can get a bit confusing in some parts. So make sure you read the course information and listen to the marshals when they shout instructions at you.
RunThrough Races: Hyde Park
As you'd expect the Hyde Park race is one of the most scenic that RunThough puts on. The course has changed a bit over the years but it's by far one of the nicest races you'll find in London.
There are some slight hills and the paths can get quite busy, so it can be tricky if you're aiming for a fast time. It's also probably the nicest location for the summer Chase the Sun series of races.
Frequency: Fairly often. more so in the summer. Maybe five or six a year.
Tip: The toilets need a 20p coin to use. A RunThrough marshall will be stood outside handing them out to runners.
RunThrough Races: Wimbledon Half
One of the few half marathon only events that RunThrough host, Wimbledon is a beautiful but quite tricky race around one of my favourite running locations in London.
Unlike most RunThrough races, Wimbledon Common's paths are almost trails, so when it's wet you can expect it to get pretty muddy. When it's dry you need to watch out for tree branches underfoot. It can get quite hilly in places too.
It is however, a beautiful course that feels like you're in a forest instead of one of London's parks.
Distances: Half Marathon
Frequency: Only a couple per year
Tip: The race village can be quite tricky to get to so make sure you plan your route well. Often on Sundays transport is down which can make it a bit of a mission.
RunThrough Races: Battersea Park
Battersea Park is one of London's most impressive smaller parks, full of all sorts of impressive landmarks, sports facilities and nice little coffee shops. It's also completely flat, so it makes for a great PB race.
Although the scenery is great, the four-lap route can get a bit repetitive, so it's definitely a race to get your head down and focus on speed. I've done it many times and got some of my fastest 10k times on the course.
Frequency: six or so a year
Tip: There's a noticeable curve in the road throughout the course so aim to get into the centre of it so you're not running around at an angle. It's not good for the ankles.
RunThrough Races: Alexandra Palace
Alexandra Palace is probably the least frequent of all the RunThrough events. I've actually only done it once and I really enjoyed it but it is really tough.
The winding path at the start is a steep climb all the way to the top of the park and it instantly takes it out of you within the first couple of kilometres. After that, there's an amazing view and a lovely incline and flat back to the start.
If you get the chance, make sure you give it a go as it offers a rare opportunity for some of the most impressive race scenery you'll find in London.
Frequency: Very rare. Maybe once a year.
Tip: The start village is actually a fairly tough uphill walk. So account for the extra time and effort when you head over.
RunThrough Races: Regent's Park
Regent's Park, like Battersea, is a fairly flat course that offers a great opportunity for a bit of PB hunting. The park is also an incredible open space that twists and turns around massive chunks of woodland.
The paths aren't the widest, so expect some congestion in parts but the range of scenery you get to pass, from lakes to a long stretch that goes past London Zoo, makes for a lovely race spot.
Unlike many of the other events, there's also only one lap per 5k. So if you're not a fan of repetitive routes, it's one of the better options.
Frequency: Three or four a year
Tip: The path just after the start line is really thin, so unless you want to overtake on the grass (often muddy in winter), make sure you're up the front.
RunThrough Races: Clapham Common
Clapham Common is one of the smaller parks that RunThrough host races, it's also one of the busiest, so you can expect a lot people walking around during the race, which can be tricky if you're aiming for speed.
The other thing to note is that a lot of it is on grass or mud trails. In the summer that's generally fine but it can get a bit muddy if it's been raining.
For me, the best time to do the Clapham Common race is during one of the Chase the Sun events as it's a great little route to enjoy in the summer, followed by a trip to a pub in Clapham.
Frequency: More frequent in the summer evening series. Maybe four or so a year.
Tip: Watch out for dogs. Clapham Common is full of them and there's many a time I've almost had to leap over one.
To see the full list of RunThrough events happening throughout the year, including all of those events outside of London (that I haven't done yet) click on the website here.
All images used in this article are via the RunThrough Facebook page.
Published by Tom Wheatley
All round web chap. Editor of The Allrounder and Get Sweat Go. Loves a pizza, Howard Hawks films, fitness and old British sitcoms. Not a fan of cucumbers. Level 3 Personal Trainer and massively mediocre runner. Recently launched The Run Testers video channel.	View more posts
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