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Entry-ID
01-05477-2021BC
01 – Corporate Design & Identity
Type of Entry
Starlab Corporate Identity
Bringing fun back to the world's leading labs, we created a radical redesign for the life-science company Starlab International.
Project video
Design Statement
Our Head of Design Boris says:
Melting Experience created and realized a radical new brand identity for the company Starlab. Starlab specialises in Liquid Handling Technology and laboratory products. A new brand identity was needed in order to unify all of the company's products, sub-brands and activities. Based on a scientific approach to branding and design, we developed a bold, colorful, and illustrative brand identity, which clearly stands out in the white and sterile conformity of today's lab environment. Aimed towards the modern, educated researchers in the world's leading labs, Starlab now lives its claim "Passionate for science" as much as they do.
The challenge was to come up with a brand identity which expresses the inner values and soul of the company. Starlab as well as their clients are truly passionate for science and it was time for them to show it. As younger generations enter labs to join the noble mission to develop solutions that will change the world, they themselves and their passion should be celebrated. Now more than ever it has become clear how science can benefit humanity as a whole. The white and grey world of laboratory products and equipment does not do the young and passionate in the field of science justice.
Science is colorful and full of possibilities. We want to honour all of the great scientists who do great work in the lab. The direct impact their work can have on our life can be seen in the case of COVID-19 vaccine development. Starlab have taken it upon themselves to express the diverse nature of their work and science as a whole throughout the new CI. We chose vivid, bold, color combinations as seen in research applications and combined them with our unique illustrations. While abstract, they are always connected to the specific product group and use case, and scream "liquid" - Starlab's core business - with every curve.
Despite being as colourful as the rainbow across an endless amount of applications (Website, Social Media, Print, Ads, packaging, spatial installations), a clear design system of color combination, visible base grid, cheeky headlines, and vivid illustrations create a design language that is recognisable at a glance. Through consistant colorcoding, larger elements and the use of product renderings on the "shelf sides" in case of the packaging, Starlab provides users with a whole new experience in the lab. Time is always of the essence in a lab environment and the faster the products are found, the sooner the science can continue.
For decades, lab products, their packaging, as well as their marketing have been white, functional, and sterile in appearance. B2C brands have, on the other hand, continued to set the bar high when it comes to their design. Starlab has set itself up as a brand for the future and in turn wants to inspire young and passionate scientists around the world that are used to a certain design standard. With their new CI, Starlab bring a happy and diverse, yet strong and scientific brand to labs around the world. Through this, Starlab will be recognised from the outside as the sustainable, modern and innovative brand that it has been for years.
The new brand identity has been making waves throughout the life-sciences industry, as it has set the bar high in terms of its consumer-oriented brand strategy. The fun yet professional approach is welcomed by scientists and the 300 Starlab employees because it is bringing back emotions to the cold and precise world of science. The new CI also expresses one of Starlabs most important values: sustainability. Reusable pipette tip packaging, recycled cardboard boxes and a radical shift towards digital media optimised for screens instead of print shows that Starlab is working their way towards their vision of a sustainable lab.
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Melting Experience GmbH


The Iowa Democratic Party is preparing to implement the most sweeping and radical changes to its first-in-the-nation caucuses in 50 years, including potentially adopting online elements that could increase participation by upward of 100,000 voters, according to party leaders.
"We have spent many, many months and thousands of hours of conversations with a whole lot of different folks about what is the best solution. And we're in the process right now, literally this month, of crafting that into a draft of a delegate selection plan," Iowa Democratic Party executive director Kevin Geiken said Thursday.
Iowa party officials have not formally decided what options to pursue, he emphasized. But a detailed discussion with Geiken and Democratic National Committee officials is strongly pointing to the likelihood that Iowans will be able to participate in 2020's caucuses using online tools.
Geiken said the party is hoping this month to complete its report assessing these options and then move toward working out the considerable details to implement their plan at caucuses to be held in Iowa's 1,679 precincts. The DNC must approve each state's procedures.
In 2016, there were 171,500 participants in Iowa's Democratic caucuses — out of 629,000 registered Democrats in the state. Iowa has similar numbers of independents (no declared party) and Republicans. Iowa's GOP uses a straw poll for its presidential nominating process.
The mix of offering same-day registration to any voter willing to join the party and an ability to remotely caucus will pose unprecedented outreach, organizing and turnout possibilities for Democratic candidates. When asked if the 2020 participation rates could double or triple, Geiken didn't blink.
The changes coming to Iowa's Democratic presidential caucuses will be the first big makeover in a half-century. After 1968's violence-plagued national convention in Chicago and electoral rout that fall, the DNC made Iowa's caucuses and New Hampshire's primary their lead-off contests. In 1976, a relatively unknown Georgian, the state's ex-governor, Jimmy Carter, won Iowa after spending months traveling the state and speaking to locals. Presidential contenders have followed that same template ever since.
The biggest challenge is not what will likely draw the early headlines: that Iowa likely will be conducting online voting in 2020's caucuses. Nor will it concern what online technology, vendor, security and authentication would be used. Instead, the party will have to create a counting process where the votes coming into its 1,679 caucus sites are electronically tabulated in an open and coordinated fashion with each round of voting in the caucus sites — where participants break off into groups for each candidate.
Under Iowa's caucus rules, presidential candidates with less than 15 percent of the votes are excluded from subsequent voting rounds. The caucus ends when all of the remaining contenders are above that threshold. In a typical caucus, supporters of the apparently marginal candidates realign with others, literally by moving across the room to join other groups as the voting continues. To keep this event's spirit alive, which the Iowa party and DNC say is crucial, the participation and tabulation of voting has to be sequential, coordinated, transparent and verifiable.
Geiken cited one example of the details associated with caucusing online.
And all of these details are preludes to tabulating the votes, including what's likely to be untold thousands of first-time caucus participants.
In late December, the Democratic Party released their 2020 Delegate Selection Rules to encourage greater participation in 2020's presidential caucuses and primaries.
The guidelines came after a two-year "Unity Reform" process triggered by the contentious 2016 race between Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders. For caucuses, the rules require voting by mail and/or online for voters who are not physically present. The rules also require same-day registration to lift participation. The DNC is leaving it up to state parties to figure out what specific protocols and technologies would be used. State parties are to submit their plans later this spring to be approved by the DNC.
For example, the Iowa party will have to design some kind of ballot or an interactive template for remote participants. That design, in an Iowa-style caucus, would likely resemble ranked-choice voting, several officials said. The DNC rules also leave to state parties to orchestrate the counting, which, in a modernized caucus, could involve multiple voting systems. The rules also require a capacity to audit and undertake recounts.
National party officials say there are precedents for caucus states to use online voting or absentee ballots. Michigan used online voting in its 2004 caucuses. In 2016, Utah Republicans used online voting in the state's presidential caucus. That year, Washington state and Nebraska used mail-based voting in their Democratic caucuses.
While the DNC is bullish about their 2020 reforms, government officials with experience administering elections are skeptical that so many changes can be well executed the first time they are introduced. A Florida election supervisor — now retired after decades of running elections in that state's capital county — had a one-word reply when asked what could go wrong: "Everything!" he said. The first concern cited by a former state election director from a blue state was "authentication," which refers to confirming voter identity and is part of the foundation for ballot security and custody.
There are recent examples of Iowa presidential contests naming a disputed winner. The top example is not 2016's virtual tie between Sanders and Clinton — with the party announcing Clinton won 700.47 delegate equivalents to the process's next stage, compared to 696.92 for Sanders, but not releasing raw votes. In 2020, the caucus totals will be released.
Nonetheless, top DNC officials are committed to reforming caucuses.
Roosevelt said that the new DNC rules do not require using ranked-choice ballots, which is where voters select candidates in descending order, which is simple. Tabulating ranked choice contests is more complex, however, as ballots must be carefully scrutinized when the top choices are no longer relevant and other candidates are disqualified.
Geiken, the Iowa Party's executive director, recounted the pluses, minuses and challenges in every approach to bring remote participation to the 2020 caucuses. There are three main pathways: using some form of absentee balloting or voting via the mail; having voters who are not present sign some version of a proxy allowing someone else who is present to cast their vote; or having an online platform where voters can participate remotely.
Voting by mail raises red flags, Geiken explained. To start, the state party must pass what he called "a New Hampshire test," which means the caucus cannot be turned into a primary election — as New Hampshire is as strongly committed to being the first primary state as Iowa is committed to being the first caucus state. That means the Iowa party cannot urge every registered Democrat to request an absentee ballot to caucus by mail.
Going a bit deeper, even if the Iowa party wanted to offer that option — and Geiken said that county election officials have been telling him this is not easy to administer — there is the question of ballot design. What does that ballot look like so that it gives participants a way to revise their choice in sync with the successive rounds of caucus voting? Also, tabulating mail ballots with the in-person numbers generated in 1,679 caucus sites across Iowa is quite a logistical challenge.
The second option for remote participation would be some form of proxy. There are two possible approaches, Geiken said. Either the attendee holding another Democrat's proxy is "restricted" with who they can vote for, or they are "unrestricted." However, as soon as the voting goes into successive rounds, it's inevitable that an attendee holding multiple proxies will be expected to be in more than one candidate's camp — which is physically impossible.
There are other complications with using proxies, he said. The party has thought about limiting how many proxies an attendee can hold. Geiken said he could envision campaign volunteers going door-to-door to collect proxies and then show up at caucuses. There is some possibility of undue pressuring of people to sign over their votes, he said. There's also a potential to create different classes of caucus-goers — literally super-voters.
The third option for remote participation is using an online platform, Geiken said. While there are many coordination issues to be worked out surrounding authentication of voters, the sequencing of votes, tabulation and balloting records (for transparency and recounts), it was becoming clear that some version of an online interface offered the most flexibility for users and party officials —and that interactivity matches the pace and caucus process.
While there are many critics of online voting, there is one central feature in caucuses that makes the security challenges somewhat more manageable and akin to online banking. That key feature is Iowa's caucus participants are not casting anonymous votes — unlike the November election. Thus, there are many tools available to confirm a voter's identity and track online voting choices while guarding against electronic ballot box stuffing.
However, integrating the online tabulations with the rounds of physical voting at every caucus site will be challenging — requiring a sophisticated infrastructure. In election administration, generally speaking, new systems are not first deployed in the most high-profile and high-stake races, because unintended errors are inevitable.
Geiken said the manpower and training challenges present an opportunity, because large numbers of Iowa Democrats are uniquely dedicated to their presidential caucuses. But that is further down the road. The next stage of this planning process — after the state party formally decides what remote voting pathway to take — is working with vendors to customize the needed technology. The DNC has set goals and the state must meet them, he said.
Even Roosevelt, who has been DNC Rules Committee chair for more than two decades, said the 2020 rules were "uncharted territory." The DNC hasn't been talking to private vendors or technical consultants, he said, because that is up to the states — as Iowa will soon do.
Roosevelt said the DNC would encourage caucus states to do test runs, but elections, despite the best of intentions, inevitably have hiccups. However, there are few contests in the American political world that are as high profile and have as high stakes as the Iowa presidential caucuses.
"We did test runs on electronic voting when we chose the DNC chair two years ago. The test runs were all great. When we got to it [the actual vote], we had to go to paper ballots because the electronic system didn't work when everybody was online," he said, then laughing.


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Epidemiological Triangle For Yellow Fever
The Atlantic slave trade brought an influx of diseases, particularly malaria and yellow fever, to the Caribbean. Malaria and yellow fever were already rampant in.
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consequently it was very desirable that these earlier accounts of epidemics should be re-examined in the light of more exact information as to the epidemiology of yellow fever. The early history of.
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September 17, 2018 07:00 ET | Source: BioCryst Pharmaceuticals, Inc. RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, N.C., Sept. million to support clinical trials of galidesivir in patients with yellow fever. Yellow.
The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) has confirmed an outbreak of the yellow fever virus in Edo state. stated also that the centre is collaborating with the Edo state epidemiology team,
the three most basic epidemiological models for microparasitic infections. The study. yellow fever. Mumps dengue rcver. Rubella encephalitis. Smallpox tick fever lnnucnza. reasonable region in the SI plane is the triangle given by. T = {(S.
Answer: The Epidemiologic Triangle is a model that have been developed for studying health problems.It helps to understand infectious diseases and how they.
uses modern genomic and epidemiology techniques to investigate in detail the mode of transmission of South America's largest yellow fever virus outbreak in recent history. Techniques such as portable.
Oct 20, 2014. Rice said no one is really sure how the yellow fever epidemic started. It might have arrived on a blockade runner or another ship with a sick.
Nov 15, 2016. Epidemiology, Transmission, Public health, Disease outbreak and up to 75% of. Triad of myalgias, periorbital edema and eosinophilia [63]. Nematodes. Nile virus [42]. Yellow fever, Dengue and Rift Valley are causes of.
Allegations that the United States military used biological weapons in the Korean War (1950–53) were raised by the governments of People's Republic of China, the Soviet Union and North Korea.The claims were first raised in 1951. The story was covered by the worldwide press and led to a highly publicized international investigation in 1952.
African Field Epidemiology Network, with medical experts from the state Ministry of Health, we have jointly concluded that there is a yellow fever outbreak in Kwara State. "From their research, the.
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Testing urine and semen samples to diagnose yellow fever could also reduce false-negative results and strengthen the reliability of epidemiologic data during outbreaks of the disease, such as the.
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Experts say adults and children alike can benefit from avoiding canned goods and certain plastics and substituting natural products for commercial cleaning products.
Aug 7, 2017. Yellow fever virus (YFV) strains circulating in the Americas belong to two distinct. Most epizootic/epidemic outbreaks of YFV reported in Brazil during the. support (clade credibility >0.99) are indicated with dark full triangles.
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conduct epidemiological research on suspected and confirmed cases, and update health care guidelines and protocols. This year, PAHO teams have traveled to Minas Gerais to assist with the.
The federal government on Thursday began a mass vaccination campaign to prevent the spread of yellow fever in the country. to the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control in its first epidemiological.
Division of General Medicine & Clinical Epidemiology. There is a national shortage of yellow fever vaccine and our clinic can no. Passport Health Triangle
The major step forward in epidemiology occurred in 1662. John Graunt. Triad of descriptive epidemiology. Time. Cholera; Plague; Yellow fever. Group B.
Mar 2, 2018. viral hemorrhagic fevers (including Ebola Virus Disease) and yellow fever. partners such as Research Triangle Institute (RTI) International.
As human settlements encroach more and more on animal habits, zoonotic diseases like yellow fever are going to increase. This is basic epidemiology. Because of the under-funding we've seen for so long.
Sudan is at high risk for the spread of yellow fever due to a combination of climate and ecological factors, and because there are still areas of low population immunity. Recent years have seen global.
In 1900, Dr. Walter Reed confirmed the theory that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes, not by contact with bodily fluids of human sufferers, an advance that sparked the new fields of.
The Kwara State Government tuesday confirmed two cases of yellow. epidemiology team for pooling effort and investigation in the affected area and surrounding communities, and took samples of 38.
yellow fever research has been under-funded compared to other pathogens so new techniques could bring fresh insights. "Crucially, using a combination of genomic and epidemiological approaches we are.
The Edo State Government has urged residents in the state to take advantage of the state's vaccination drive against Yellow Fever disease. and the Edo State Epidemiology Team, to contain the.
Yellow Fever: an Epidemiological and Historical Study of its Place of Origin. By Dr. Henry Rose Carter Laura Armistead Carter Wade Hampton Frost. Pp. xii + 308. (Baltimore, Md.: The Williams and.
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Illinois marks COVID-19 testing milestone
By Kevin Haas Rockford Register Star
2,887 new cases reported Friday for 14% positivity rate
Illinois marked a milestone in COVID-19 testing on Friday as public officials announced that more than 20,000 tests had been conducted statewide in a 24-hour period for the first time.
The state reported that 2,887 people had tested positive for the disease, representing a 14% rate of positive results among the 20,671 tests conducted.
"Testing is fundamental to our ability to reopen the economy while controlling the spread of the virus. That's what it takes to keep the public safe," Gov. JB Pritzker said during his daily news briefing in Chicago. "The progress we've made on testing over the last two months, building a statewide testing program from scratch to around (15,000) to 20,000 tests per day is tremendous."
An additional 130 deaths were reported from the disease, marking the 13th time the state had reported more than 100 deaths in a single day. It is also the fourth time this week that more than 100 deaths were reported in 24 hours.
Of the 399,714 total tests conducted, 73,760 cases of COVID-19 have been confirmed. The disease has claimed the lives of 3,241 people.
Cases by day
Illinois ranks second among the 10 most populous states in the number of tests complete per capita over the past seven days, Pritzker said.
"Even if we're one of the best states in the nation on testing, we know it's not enough to be where we need to be on a longer time frame," Pritzker said. "I'm committed to continuing our successes on this front because it is fundamental to our economic future and keeping Illinois safe while COVID-19 is still out there."
There are now 244 public testing sites across the state, up from 177 a week ago. An additional three drive-thru sites will be set up next week, Pritzker said.
The testing sites include 22 in the Rockford region, 22 in the Peoria region and eight in Springfield, Pritzker said.
Other daily statistics shared Friday:
• 4,750 people are hospitalized with COVID-19.
• 1,222 patients are in intensive care units.
• 727 patients are on ventilators.
"We must continue to take care of ourselves — our total health, body, mind and spirit," said Dr. Ngozi Ezike, director of the state Department of Public Health.
Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot said Friday that she is determined to reopen Chicago Public Schools on time this fall. Pritzker said he shares that goal.
"None of us knows what the future exactly holds, but I think we have a great hope and desire for reopening schools when they usually would," Pritzker said.
Pritzker, who has been criticized by some downstate lawmakers for staying primarily in Chicago during the coronavirus pandemic, said Friday that he will travel around the state to speak with people about the challenges they're facing.
"Most importantly, I think rather than traveling, is just addressing those challenges, which is what we've been doing for two months now," Pritzker said. "This is my 61st day straight on the job, not just standing in front of a microphone but working for the people of Illinois on this coronavirus crisis.
"I'm not going to stop until we overcome it. I'm not going to stop until we revive the economy," he said. "We've got to get things moving again, safely, for our families."
Tracking the curve
Kevin Haas: khaas@rrstar.com; @KevinMHaas


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Yahoo Sports Canada
Canada off to gold medal game after another flawless outing
Justin Cuthbert
Canada was pretty much perfect yet again as it crushed Russia in the semifinals of the world juniors to advance to the gold medal game. (Getty)
Canada will contend for gold at the 2021 world juniors.
Behind 27 saves from standout netminder Devon Levi, the Canadians shut out the rival Russians and advanced to the tournament final with a 5-0 victory in Edmonton.
Dylan Cozens once again led the way offensively, taking the tournament lead in goals and points with a three-point outing. In addition to Cozens, Alex Newhook, Connor McMichael, Cole Perfetti, and Braden Schneider also had goals for Canada.
It will be either the United States or Finland next for the Canadians, who haven't looked vulnerable for even a moment across six games to begin the tournament after their dominant semifinal win over Russia.
Defence wins championships
Defensively, the Canadians have been near-flawless in this tournament. Allowing multiple goals once (in a blowout victory over the Germans, no less), and still without a blemish at even strength, and now shutting out an opponent for the third time in the tournament, this will go down as one of the best defensive teams in history, barring a collapse the gold medal final.
The superb top pairing of Bowen Byram and Jamie Drysdale are the anchors for head coach Andre Tourigny. Together, they are in complete control of the game. But the detail and dominance has been absolute for the Canadians, who are putting on perhaps the best imitation of Canada's performance at the Olympics in Sochi, where it just seemed implausible that an opponent would break through.
Puck support is the specialty of this group. Players are always in position. And that relentless support and all the hard work it does defensively is what sets up the attack for Canada — just as you might read directly from the hockey handbook.
It is just the little things, constantly, for the Canadians, who had their head coach nearly blushing after the game. And while there are so many examples to choose from, fourth-line forward Dawson Mercer strung some of that tremendous work together in the second period, providing a perfect snapshot of what the group has done so impeccably and relentlessly well for the entire tournament.
This clip is split into two, with the plays coming only a few seconds apart. First Mercer tracks back to eliminate one of the few glimmers of hope for the Russians, allowing a teammate to drag the puck into the attacking end. He then finds himself in a one-on-two battle along the sideboards, takes the puck — because he wants it more — and feeds to Ryan Suzuki, who finds Schneider for the goal.
Dawson Mercer with a heads up backcheck to shut down a potential Shakir Mukhamadullin chance.
Leads to a Canada goal.#NJDevils pic.twitter.com/6d7CLOmC7E
— Devils Insiders (@DevilsInsiders) January 5, 2021
Like it did on this shift, it is all adding up for Canada. One more performance even in the realm of this one will surely result in Canada's second consecutive world junior gold.
Making a name for himself
While the Canadians can submit an all-time performance as a group, their netminder can do it as an individual with one more repeat performance as well. A virtual unknown before the start of the tournament, Devon Levi has ascended the list of top performers for Canada in the history of the event.
Levi matched the record with his third shutout in what was his best game up to this point. After making another 27 saves, Levi has now stopped 115 of the 118 shots he's faced, which works out to a .975 save percentage through six games.
He, much like the team, is performing in this faultless way. Levi is, without fail, square to shooters, eliminating rebounds and second chances basically every time the puck hits his padding. It's reached the point where a player without any pedigree or known momentum leading up to the event has convinced a country that nothing is getting past him.
And what makes it all even more stunning is that he demonstrated this brilliant technique and composure while one of the most prized goaltending prospects of the last couple decades imploded at the other end.
Forget his stick: Russia's Yaroslav Askarov couldn't hold a candle to Levi on Monday night.
The right notes
For all the incredible things that Canada did from a goal-preventing standpoint, it seems there were a few important developments offensively, too.
Two immensely important offensive players — Alex Newhook and Cole Perfetti — will be riding a little bit of momentum heading into the gold medal game after scoring in the semifinal.
Newhook was shot out of a cannon on his first shift after missing the last game with what's believed to be a shoulder injury. He was so caught up in that terrorizing initial interval that he didn't even notice that he beat Askarov clean from point-blank range.
It wasn't until game ops called down to blow the play dead did Canada — and Newhook — get awarded with this icebreaker.
Newhook returns, NEWHOOK SNIPES! 1-0 for Canada #WorldJuniors pic.twitter.com/MXkyw8gGEh
— TSN (@TSN_Sports) January 4, 2021
Then before the period was up, Perfetti broke out of a little slump by doing what he does best on a Canadian power play.
Knees not weak, arms not heavy, it's COLE PERFETTI #WorldJuniors pic.twitter.com/tKJbNrs1aa
Newhook and Perfetti haven't had dream tournaments to this point, but both now have the opportunity to build on something, and be difference-makers in the final.
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Automated reputation/trust service
A reputation/trust service provides reputation information to requesting clients. The reputation/trust service may obtain remuneration in response to providing the reputation data. The reputation/trust service may be automated and may support on-line access via a network, such as a computer network or a telecommunications network. The reputation/trust service is especially well adapted for use on the Internet. The reputation/trust service may provide reputation information for various types of parties, including but not limited to persons, groups of persons, organizations and companies. Reputation data may be held for multiple traits of any given party. Reputation data may be updated and validated on an ongoing basis.
Lang, Ken (Wellesley, MA, US)
LANG KEN
705/26.1, 707/999.104, 707/999.107
G06Q30/02; G06Q30/06; (IPC1-7): G06F17/60; G06F7/00; G06F17/00
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HAVAN, THU THAO
NELSON MULLINS RILEY & SCARBOROUGH LLP (FLOOR 30, SUITE 3000 ONE POST OFFICE SQUARE, BOSTON, MA, 02109, US)
1. A method, comprising the steps of: providing an automated reputation service for furnishing information regarding reputations of parties relative to multiple traits; and providing a first client with access to the reputation service via a communications network to furnish the information regarding a reputation of a selected party relative to the given trait.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of providing a second client access to the reputation service to furnish information regarding the reputation of the selected party relative to the given trait.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of providing the first client access to the reputation service to furnish information regarding a reputation of the selected party relative to an additional trait.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of providing a second client access to the reputation service to furnish information regarding a reputation of an additional party relative to an additional trait.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first client is assessed a charge for providing the first client with access to the reputation service.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the communications network is a computer network.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the computer network is a wide area network (WAN).
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the computer network is the Internet.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the communications network includes a wireless communications path.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the selected party is a person.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the selected party is an automated agent of a person.
12. A business method, comprising the steps of: providing a collection of reputation data regarding at least one selected party; furnishing at least a portion of the reputation data to a client; and accepting remuneration for furnishing the portion of reputation data to the client.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the remuneration is monetary remuneration.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein the client provides the remuneration on behalf of the client.
15. The method of claim 12, wherein a third party provides the remuneration on behalf of the client.
16. The method of claim 12, wherein the collection of reputation data holds reputation data for multiple parties.
17. The method of claim 12, wherein the selected party is a person.
18. The method of claim 12, wherein the selected party is an organization.
19. The method of claim 12, further comprising the steps of: furnishing the portion of the reputation data to an additional client; and accepting remuneration on behalf of the additional client for furnishing the portion of the reputation data to the additional client.
20. The method of claim 12, wherein the portion of the reputation data is furnished to the client via a computer network.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the computer network is the Internet.
22. A system, comprising: a collection of reputation data regarding multiple parties; and an automated reputation service for accessing the collection of reputation data on behalf of clients to provide clients with data from the collection of reputation data.
23. The system of claim 22, wherein the automated reputation service accesses charges for accessing the collection of reputation data on behalf of the client.
24. The system of claim 22, wherein the automated service includes an interface for the clients to access the automated reputation services via a network.
25. The system of claim 22, wherein the interface enables clients to access the automated reputation service via the Internet.
26. The system of claim 22, wherein the collection of reputation data contains reputation data for multiple traits for as least one of the parties.
[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to co-pending U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 60/213,638, filed Jun. 23, 2000, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
[0002] The present invention relates generally to information processing and more particularly to an automated service for providing reputation and trust information.
[0003] During everyday activities, a person relies upon the reputation of another party in many situations. For example, in picking a doctor, a person typically attempts to ascertain the reputation of the doctor and selects a doctor that has a reputation for being competent and friendly. Similarly, in conducting business transactions, a person generally seeks to conduct business transactions with parties that are trustworthy and reliable.
[0004] One difficulty that has arisen with the growth of the Internet is the lack of ability to determine the reputation of parties that are accessible via the Internet. For example, when a person wishes to purchase an item from a website, the person has no information regarding the authenticity of this website, the reputation for quality service provided by the website, etc. The lack of reputation/trust information in conventional systems has also prevented the development of new applications that exploit the true power of the Internet to readily interconnect large numbers of parties for activities that rely, at least in part, on reputation.
[0005] The above-described limitations of conventional systems are overcome by the automated reputation/trust service of the present invention. The reputation/trust service enables reputation information to be accessible on-line via a computer or telecommunications network. The reputation/trust service may be accessible via the Internet. Clients may be assessed a charge and may be required to provide remuneration for obtaining reputation information.
[0006] The reputation information provided by the automated reputation/trust service may contain data for multiple parties. In addition for any given party, data may be stored for the party's reputation regarding multiple traits. In some embodiments, the data may be stored within one or more databases. Parties may include a person, groups of people, companies, organizations and other entities.
[0007] In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, an automated reputation service is provided for furnishing information regarding reputations and parties relative to multiple traits. The client is provided with access to the reputation service via a communications network to furnish the information regarding a reputation of the selected party relative to a given trait.
[0008] In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, selection of reputation data is provided regarding at least one selected party. At least a portion of the reputation data is provided to a client, and remuneration is accepted on behalf of the client for furnishing the portion of reputation data to the client.
[0009] In accordance with an additional aspect of the present invention, a system includes a collection of reputation data regarding multiple parties. The system also includes an automated reputation service for accessing the collection of reputation data on behalf of clients to provide the clients with data from the collection of reputation data.
[0010] An illustrative embodiment of the present invention which will be described below relative to the following drawings.
[0011] FIG. 1 depicts data flow between the reputation service of the illustrative embodiment and multiple clients.
[0012] FIG. 2 is a block diagram depicting an environment that is suitable for practicing the illustrative embodiment.
[0013] FIG. 3 depicts an example of reputation information that maybe stored for a party in the illustrative embodiment.
[0014] FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C illustrate examples of fields that may be stored for a given reputation.
[0015] FIG. 5 shows an exemplary set of database tables for accessing reputation information.
[0016] FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating data flow from client to database to obtain reputation information.
[0017] FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating steps that are performed in the illustrative embodiment to access reputation information for a requestor.
[0018] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating possible charging options for charging a client for accessing reputation information regarding a party.
[0019] FIG. 9 illustrates another example of an environment that is suitable for practicing the illustrative embodiment of the present invention.
[0020] FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating the steps that are performed in updating reputation information stored within a database in the illustrative embodiment.
[0021] FIGS. 11A, 11B and 11C show examples of screens that are presented to a user when the user seeks to obtain reputation information regarding a party from the reputation service.
[0022] The illustrative embodiment of the present invention provides a reputation service that may furnish reputation/trust information to requesting parties. In the illustrative embodiment, the reputation service may be generalized so as to hold information regarding the reputation of a party as to multiple traits or characteristics. A party may have multiple reputations corresponding to multiple traits. The parties need not be limited to persons but rather may include persons, groups of persons, organizations, corporations, automated agents for persons and the like. The reputation service may seek remuneration for providing information regarding reputations to requesting clients. Remuneration may take many forms including monetary remuneration.
[0023] The information stored by the reputation service for any given party may be updated so as to keep the information current. Safeguards may be provided for ensuring that the information upon which a reputation is based is valid and reliable. Access to certain reputation information via the reputation service may be restricted so that only authorized persons can access the reputation information.
[0024] FIG. 1 depicts the basic relationship between the reputation service 10 and clients 12, 14, 16 in the illustrative embodiment. Client 12 submits a request 18 to the reputation service and receives back a response 20. The response 20 may take many forms. For example, the response 20 may be an email containing the requested reputation information. Alternatively, a hard copy of the requested reputation information may be sent via conventional mail or courier service to the client 12. Still further, the response 20 may take the form of an electronic communication other than an email message. The client 12 may be a programmatic entity (such as a computer program) that is capable of taking the electronic communication (constituting the response 20) and extracting the information that it needs. For security purposes, the response 20 may be encrypted or may include encrypted information. Digital signatures and other information may be affixed to the response 20 to prevent fraudulent communication of reputation information. Clients 14 and 16 follow the same interaction pattern of submitting respective requests 22 and 26 and receiving respect from responses 24 and 28.
[0025] FIG. 2 depicts a block diagram of an environment 30 that is suitable for practicing the illustrative embodiment. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the depiction in FIG. 2 is intended to be merely illustrative and not limiting of the present invention. For example, the reputation information need not be stored in a database, but rather may be stored in flat files or in a format other than a "database." Moreover, the parties that use the reputation service need not access the reputation service via a network; rather they may have a hardwired connection to the reputation service. Furthermore, the configuration may include different numbers of servers, user machines and networks.
[0026] The environment 30 depicted in FIG. 2 includes a reputation service 10 that is automated and implemented, at least in part, by computer program instructions. One suitable implementation is to implement the reputation service via a computer program or suite of computer programs. Nevertheless, those skilled in the art will appreciate that in alternative implementations the reputation may, at least in part, be implemented by firmware or hardware. In FIG. 2, the reputation service 10 is shown being executed on a server 32. This server may take many forms including that of a dedicated server computer system, a workstation, a person computer system, a mainframe computer system, or another variety of suitable electronic device. It is presumed that a database management system (DBMS) is executing on server 32 to manage access to the database 36. The database 36 holds reputation information that the client seeks to access from the reputation service 10.
[0027] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may have more than a single database 36. Some embodiment may employ multiple databases for holding the reputation information. In the example depicted in FIG. 2, a business database 38 and a sports database 40 the are shown in phantom form to hold reputation information relating to business and sports, respectively. These additional databases 38 and 40 may work in conjunction with database 36. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the multiple databases may, instead of being split along data content lines, be partitioned along different logical partitions.
[0028] Server 32 may be in communication with another server 46 that runs application programs 48. For example, the server 46 may be a web server that runs applications 48 that require access to the reputation service 10. The server 46 may support a website that access the reputation service 10. Server 46 need not be directly coupled to server 32 but rather in some instances may be accessible to server 32 via a network 42. The network 42 may be a computer network, such as a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN). The network 42 may be a computer network such as the Internet, an intranet, an extranet or another variety of computer network. The network 42 may also include a communications network, such as a telephone network, including a public switched telephone network (PSTN) or a private telephone network. The network 42 may, in some instances, be a hybrid of both computer networks and telephone networks. The network 42 may include wireless networks where wireless communication paths are used. User machines 44 are connected to the network 42 and may gain access to services provided by the server 46 and the server 32.
[0029] In order to clarify the discussion below, it is helpful to define a few terms. The term "reputation" refers to the general estimation in which a person or thing is held by the public or other group. A reputation may be specific to a character or trait that is ascribed to the person or thing. The term "trust" refers to a firm reliance on the integrity, ability or character of a person or thing. Alternatively, "trust" refers to a confident belief. For purposes of the illustrative embodiment, trust is used in two fashions. First, a party may have a reputation as to trustworthiness. Second, a client may need to know the extent to which a given reputation is trustworthy or not.
[0030] FIG. 3 depicts an example of reputation information that may be stored by the reputation service 10 for a given party in the illustrative embodiment. The reputation information 50 depicted in FIG. 3 includes a name field 52 to identify the name of the party as well as an identification number (ID #) 54 that uniquely identifies the party amongst the parties for which reputation data is held by the reputation service 10. The ID #54 helps to distinguish cases where parties have the same name. Information regarding the reputation for truthfulness 56 of the party is stored. This information may identify whether the party is generally truthful or is generally not truthful. The reputation information 50 also includes information regarding a reputation for the business savvy 58 of the party. Such information may be used by recruiters, competitors and other individuals, for instance.
[0031] The reputation information 50 includes information regarding the reputed athletic ability 60 of the given party. General reputation information of athletic ability may be stored as well as information regarding particular sports. For example, reputation information regarding basketball ability 62, tennis ability 64, bowling ability 66, golf ability 68, softball ability 70, soccer ability 72 and hockey ability 74 are stored for the party in FIG. 3. More generally, information regarding reputed abilities may be stored within the database 36 for individuals, as well as teams, leagues, etc.
[0032] The reputation information 50 may also include a party's reputation for accurately judging things. For example, the reputation information 50 of FIG. 3 includes information regarding the party's reputation for judging restaurants 76 and information regarding the party's reputation for judging music 78. Individuals with excellent reputations for judging restaurants may have the ability to financially exploit, such an ability via a computer network, by holding themselves out as on-line restaurant critics. Individuals with an excellent reputation for judging music may have opportunities to act as record critics or talent scouts. Along a similar vane, the reputation information 50 includes information regarding a reputation for judging wine 82. When a restaurant wishes to hire a sommelier, the restaurant may, for example, access the reputation service 10 to obtain the reputation for judging wine of applicants for the position.
[0033] Information regarding reputation for trustworthiness of a party 80 may be held in the database 36.
[0034] Reputation information regarding ability need not be limited to sports but may also be applicable to other activities. As a result, the reputation of information 50 may hold reputation for musical ability 84, reputation for writing ability, reputation for manageability 88. The reputation information 50 may include information regarding game playing ability 98. This reputation information may be broken down by particular categories of games, such as information regarding chess playing ability 100 and information regarding card playing ability 102. Card playing ability may be further broken down into information regarding bridge-playing ability 104 and information regarding poker-playing ability 106, for example. The reputation information 50 may also hold information regarding video game playing ability 108.
[0035] Some reputation information has applicability to businesses. For example, lawyers may have a legal reputation that serves as a basis for them attaining business. As a result, the reputation information 50 may include information regarding legal reputation 92, information regarding medical reputation 92, information regarding artistic ability 94 and information regarding timeliness 96. The reputation information 50 may hold information such as reputation regarding stock picking ability 110. This information may have particular value to financial advisors, investment houses and the like.
[0036] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the depiction of reputation information 50 in FIG. 3 is intended to be merely illustrative and limiting of the present invention. Reputation information 50 need not include the fields depicted in FIG. 3. In some instances, a subset of the information depicted in FIG. 3 may be maintained. In other instances, a superset that includes the information depicted in FIG. 3 may be maintained. In still other instances, the reputation information may be entirely different from the exemplary varieties depicted in FIG. 3. In general, the reputation information maintained by the illustrative embodiment may vary depending upon the application(s) that requires reputation information.
[0037] The reputation information for a particular characteristic or trait may include multiple fields or facets. As shown in FIG. 4A, a given reputation 120 (representing, for example, one of the boxes shown in FIG. 3) may hold information such as a reputation name 122, a reputation value 124 and a trustworthiness metric 126 that identifies the trustworthiness of the reputation value. Empirical data 128 justifying the reputation may also be stored along with other data 130. FIG. 4B shows an example of a reputation 120 with values in the respective fields. The example in FIG. 4B shows a reputation for truthfulness (see field 122). Parties are given a score ranging from 1-10, with 10 being the highest reputation for truthfulness and 1 being the lowest reputation for truthfulness. In the example depicted in FIG. 4B, the party has a reasonable reputation for truthfulness and is given a value of 7 on the scale ranging from 1-10. The trustworthiness metric 126 implies that the true value of the reputation of truthfulness that the party probably varies from 6.5 to 7.5 and, thus, has a variance of ±0.5. The empirical data 128 indicates that the party passed a lie detector test and that a former employer says that the party is truthful. The other data 130 indicates the age of the party.
[0038] FIG. 4C shows another variety of the same reputation 120 as depicted FIG. 4B, where the reputation value and trustworthiness metric are not numerical but rather are associated with categories or labels. In the example depicted in 4C the party has a poor reputation for truthfulness and, hence, has been assigned the "liar" category. The trustworthiness metric 126 is of the "certain" category. The empirical data 128 notes that the party has been previously convicted of fraud.
[0039] The reputation information used by the reputation service 10 may be organized in multiple fashions, including that of a database, as mentioned above. The data may be organized in a relational database where a series of tables reflect the relations between the data. As mentioned above, the parties for which reputation information is maintained may take many forms including but not limited to people, automated agents, groups and companies. FIG. 5 depicts an example of higher level tables 150, 152, 154 and 156 for use in such a relational database. The people table 150 has an entry of each of the people for whom reputation information is held. Entry 158 in the table 150 is for John Smith, and the entry includes information for accessing the information for John Smith 160. Similarly, the agents table 152 holds an entry 162 for John Doe's agent. Entry 162 may be used to gain access to the reputation information for John Doe 164. In an analogous fashion, the groups table 154 holds information for groups and includes an entry 166 for a garden club that facilitates access to reputation information for the garden club 168. Lastly, the companies table 156 holds an entry 170 for Company X that may be used to gain access to reputation information for Company X 170.
[0040] Those skilled in the art will appreciate the depiction of the database and tables in FIG. 5 is intended to merely illustrative and not limiting of the present invention. The depiction has been purposely simplified so as to not obfuscate the nature of the illustrative embodiment. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that multiple tables may be utilized and that the table depicted in FIG. 5 may not be utilized in some embodiment. Moreover, the tables may be organized into a hierarchy having additional levels that are not depicted in FIG. 5.
[0041] In order to appreciate the operation of the illustrative embodiment, it is helpful to review the process by which a request is forwarded to the reputation service. FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating the passage of information between components in the illustrative embodiment. This block diagram will be described in conjunction with the flow chart of FIG. 7. A client 180, such as a user, an application program or the like sends a communication 182 to the reputation service 10 to request reputation information regarding a party (step 200 in FIG. 7). The reputation service may include an interface 184 that facilitates communication with the client 180. This interface 184 take many forms, such as a web page or a programmatic interface, like an application program interface (API). Interface 184 receives the communication 182 and forwards the request 186 contained in the communication 182 to a query builder 188. The query builder 188 is responsible for taking the request 186 and translating the request into a query 190 that may be processed by the DBMS 34.
[0042] In some instances, it may be necessary to determine whether the requester (i.e. the client) is authorized to access the requested information (see step 202, shown in phantom form in FIG. 7). If the reputation information is particularly sensitive, only selected parties may be able to access this information. Authorization step 202 may require that the requesting that the requester provide the user ID and password in some instances. If the requestor is a program, the program may be required to perform certain handshaking or other protocols before the request is deemed to be authorized.
[0043] If the request is authorized or if no authorization is required, the database 36 is accessed by the DBMS 34 processing the query (step 204 in FIG. 7). The retrieved reputation information may then be returned to the requester (step 206 in FIG. 7). As was mentioned above, the information may be returned in multiple fashions. For example, the information may be returned in an electronic mail message or returned in a web page. Alternatively, a hard copy of the information may be returned via conventional mail or via courier service. Still further, the information may be returned via other communication media, such as via an automated voice message or the like. The information may be encrypted or stored in secured digital form so as to insure that the information reaches the appropriate party and is only modifiable by the appropriate requesting party. Still further, digital signatures or other things may be attached to the information to confirm that the reputation information is authentic.
[0044] The requester or other appropriate party may be charged in some instances for obtaining the reputation information. The appropriate party in some cases may be a corporation for which the party is acting or some other beneficiary. (see step 208 in FIG. 7). As shown in FIG. 8, there are a number of different approaches to charging for information requests. FIG. 8 outlines a number of charging options 220. The depiction in FIG. 8 is not intended to be exhaustive and merely lists several options that are available. One option is that a requester is charged a one-time fee 220 and then is able to access the reputation service thereafter without charge. The reputation service and the requester may enter a contact or other arrangement to facilitate such a charging option. Another charging option is for charges to be based per transaction 224. One possible scenario is for a charge to be levied every time a request is received. The charges may be variable 230 or may be constant 234. Variable charges may vary based upon the type of reputation information requested, the time or date at which the information is requested and other factors. With a constant charge case, the requester may be levied a charge based purely on a fixed value per transaction.
[0045] Charging options may also include the charging of a flat rate fee 226 for periods of time such as a monthly period 236 or a yearly period 238. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the periods may include weeks, days, hours, minutes and the like. Charging options 220 may also include hybrids 228 that are combinations of the above-described approaches. Charging options may even include other charging scenarios 230 that have not been explicitly set forth herein.
[0046] FIG. 9 shows another environment that is suitable for practicing the illustrative embodiment. In the example of FIG. 9, the network 240 is the Internet. In addition, multiple instances of the reputation service, 258, 250B and 250C are operating on separate respective servers to 248A and 248B and 248C. The servers 248A, 248B and 248C may be located at remote geographic locations. The instances of the reputation service 250A, 250B and 250C may cooperate with each other or may run independently. Separate databases 254A, 254B, and 254C may be provided for the respective reputations service instances, 250A, 250B, and 250C. In such a case, there are separate DBMS instances 252A, 252B, and 252C. This approach may be a particularly appropriate to facilitate load balancing and to reduce latencies. The servers 248A, 248B, and 248C may be accessible via respective web servers, 246A, 246B, and 246C. User machines 242 may include web browsers 244 for accessing information to request reputation information from the reputation service.
[0047] In order for the reputation information provided by the reputation service to retain value, the reputation information must be kept current. As such, the illustrative embodiment provides a facility for updating the information. FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating the steps that are performed to update reputation information. Initially, the reputation service 10 receives new information affecting the reputation of a party (Step 270 in FIG. 10). In some instances, there may be a need to validate that the information. One can envision instances where a party might provide erroneous information to either bolster or harm the reputation of a party. If the information is deemed to be valid, an algorithm may be applied to calculate how the new information effects the reputation of the party (step 272 in FIG. 10). One example of such an algorithm applies in the case where numerical values are assigned to a reputation (such as the 1-10 scale discussed in the example of FIG. 4B). In such a case, the new information provides a basis for calculating a numeric value for the reputation for the instance represented by the new information. The new information may then be added to the other data points representing other instances to calculate a new mean value that represents the reputation for the party. For example, suppose that the reputation service has data for the reputation of a party from three previous instances. In the three previous instances, the party was assigned reputation values of 5, 6 and 7. The reputation value is 6, representing the mean of the collected values. Suppose that new information for a fourth instance is received that assigns the party a reputation value of 10. The 10 value is added to the other values to produce a sum value of 28 (i.e., 5+6+7+10). The sum (28) is divided by the number of samples (i.e., 4) to produce a mean value of 7.
[0048] Once the calculation has been performed in step 272, the reputation value for the party is updated (step 274 in FIG. 10).
[0049] As has been mentioned above, the requester may be a person or an automated process. For example, the requester may be a web site that utilizes reputation information in a particular application. Similarly, the requester may be a program that is not a website that utilizes the requested information. Still further, the requester may be a person that requires user interfaced access and submit requests from the reputation service.
[0050] FIGS. 11A, 11B and 11C show an example where a website is provided for enabling users to obtain reputation information for parties. The webpage provides an interface that allows the users to request information. FIG. 11A shows an example of initial screen display 280 which welcomes a person to the reputation service. This initial display 280 includes textual information 282 asking the requestor to identify the party for which reputation information is sought. In the example depicted in FIG. 11A, the display 280 includes a list box 284 including a text box 286 in which the name of the party may be typed and a list 288 from which a name may be selected. A "cancel" button 289 allows the requester to terminate the process. Once the requestor has selected a party, a second display 290, as shown in FIG. 11B, may be displayed. A list box 292 sets forth reputation traits for which the reputation service has information on the selected party in a list 296. The example in FIG. 11B, presumes that the requestor has selected "Aaron Andrews" as the party for which information is sought. The requestor may then select to obtain information regarding the reputation of honesty, basketball ability or musical ability for Aaron Andrews. The second screen display 290 also includes a "cancel" button 297.
[0051] Suppose that the requestor selects basketball ability as the trait for which information is sought. FIG. 11C shows an example of a third display 300 that is then displayed to the requester. Textual information 302 identifies the cost of obtaining information regarding the basketball ability of Aaron Andrews. The requestor then may select the "no" option 304 to not obtain the information or the "yes" option 306 to obtain the information. If the requestor selects the "yes" option 306, the requestor is required to provide a credit card number 308. After the credit card number is entered, the requestor may choose the "submit" button 310 to obtain the requested information. If the requestor wishes to terminate the request session, the requestor may activate the "cancel" button 312.
[0052] While the present invention has been described with reference to an illustrative embodiment thereof, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the intended scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
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Home > List of families > Lamiaceae > Orthosiphon > thymiflorus
Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleesen
Selected images: Click on each image to see a larger version and details of the record View all images (12)
Photo: Bart Wursten
Chitengo Camp, Gorongosa National Park
Along entrance road to Gorongosa National Park near EN1.
Detailed records: Display species records QDS maps by: Google Maps Point records by Google Maps
Synonyms: Ocimum suffrutescens Thonn.
Ocimum thymiflorus Roth.
Orthosiphon australis Vatke
Orthosiphon glabratus Benth. var. africanus Benth.
Orthosiphon suffrutescens (Thonn.) J.K. Morton
Straggling, somewhat shrubby perennial herb, up to 1.5 m tall, not or hardly aromatic. Stems several ascending to erect, 4-angled, normally well branched, retrorsely pubescent along the angles, sometimes with dense spreading hairs. Leaves ovate to elliptic, usually 1-4 cm long, but larger in well-shaded plants, glandular punctate and hairless or pubescent above, pubescent, particularly along the veins beneath; margin scalloped or toothed; petiole up to 25 mm long. Inflorescence fairly lax with 6-flowered verticils 8-20 mm apart; bracts 2-3 mm long, ovate-triangular. Calyx 3-4 mm long, conspicuously purple on the upper lip, green otherwise; lobes of lower lip awn-like, 2-3 mm long. Corolla usually pink, sometimes white or mauve, 8-16 mm long; tube straight.
Derivation of specific name: thymiflorus: with flowers like thyme.
Habitat: Wooded grassland; deciduous woodland, bush and more open dry forest; also in disturbed places.
Altitude range: 38 - 1800 m
Worldwide distribution: Widespread in tropical Africa, South Africa, Madagascar and tropical Asia from India and Sri lanka to China and Indonesia.
Mozambique distribution: Z,MS,M
Growth form(s):
Insects associated with this species:
Content last updated: Thursday 30 June 2016
Chapano, C. & Mamuto, M. (2003). Plants of the Chimanimani District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 41. As Orthosiphon suffrutescens
Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 56. as Orthosiphon suffrutescens
Paton, A.J. et al. (2009). Lamiaceae Flora of Tropical East Africa Pages 185 - 186.
Paton, A.J. et al. (2013). Lamiaceae Flora Zambesiaca 8(8) Pages 151 - 152.
Phiri, P.S.M. (2005). A Checklist of Zambian Vascular Plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32 Page 70. as Orthosiphon suffrutescens
Setshogo, M.P. (2005). Preliminary checklist of the plants of Botswana. Sabonet Report no. 37. Sabonet, Pretoria and Gaborone Page 79. as Orthosiphon suffrutescens
Other sources of information about Orthosiphon thymiflorus:
Flora of Botswana: Orthosiphon thymiflorus
Flora of Malawi: Orthosiphon thymiflorus
Flora of Zambia: Orthosiphon thymiflorus
Flora of Zimbabwe: Orthosiphon thymiflorus
African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Orthosiphon thymiflorus
African Plant Database: Orthosiphon thymiflorus
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Orthosiphon thymiflorus
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Orthosiphon thymiflorus
ePIC (electronic Plant Information Center): Orthosiphon thymiflorus
Flora Zambesiaca web site: Orthosiphon thymiflorus
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Orthosiphon thymiflorus
GRIN (Germplasm Resources Information Network): Orthosiphon thymiflorus
iNaturalist: Orthosiphon thymiflorus
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Orthosiphon thymiflorus
JSTOR Plant Science: Orthosiphon thymiflorus
Kew Herbarium catalogue: Orthosiphon thymiflorus
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Orthosiphon thymiflorus
Plants of the World Online: Orthosiphon thymiflorus
Tropicos: Orthosiphon thymiflorus
Wikipedia: Orthosiphon thymiflorus
Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T., Ballings, P. & Coates Palgrave, M. (2021). Flora of Mozambique: Species information: Orthosiphon thymiflorus.
https://www.mozambiqueflora.com/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=150430, retrieved 19 January 2021
Site software last modified: 24 September 2019 10:58am


You can download Yahoo messenger app by clicking download link here or by clicking on the below image.
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According to the Book of Church Order, the office of General Synod professor serves to prepare and certify candidates for the ministry of Word and sacrament, as part of the work of the two RCA seminaries and the Ministerial Formation Certification Agency. It also has a "ministry of teaching within the RCA as a whole." In fulfilling both of these roles, the professors meet collectively as the "professorate."
The Rev. Carol M. Bechtel, Ph.D.
The Rev. Thomas A. Boogaart, Ph.D.
The Rev. Timothy L. Brown, D.Min.
The Rev. James V. Brownson, Ph.D.
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The Rev. Chad T. Pierce, Ph.D.