Native American Jewelry – What Are the Different Constituents?
Caddo is, understandably, a Caddoan language originating in the Southern Plains. It is the sole Southern tongue from the family and is spoken by very few among the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma.
Caddo is a Caddoan language originating in the Southern Plains. It is the sole Southern tongue from the family and is spoken by very few among the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma. Efforts are being made to incorporate the language into the newest generations, however.
The main Caddo homeland was positioned to the south of the Arkansas River, with valleys and tributaries of rivers. Caddo speakers resided there until the Trail of Tears. It's been called the "Southern Caddoan Area" due in large part to the great evidence that Caddo-informed people lived there for up to 4,000 years or longe.
Back then, the Caddo were a single people with a language called Proto-Caddoan. It has evolved into various forms of Caddo, yet remained fairly close to the Iroquoian languages, such as that of the Iroquois or Cherokee. Caddo is close to the Sioux languages of Dakota and Crow as well. The language involved a lot of splitting over the years.
The Caddo were farmers who lived in a land that was good for being so. They lived in places that had adequate rainfall, temperate temperatures, and plenty of spaces to park plots for beans, squash, and corn.
There were various sources for water. They had sturdy trees that produced yummy nuts and made flexible weapons. They used bows and arrows for hunting and war, and manufactured other beautiful things out of their wood.
The speech is a tone language that contains six vowels, like English. Three are short and three are long; the long ones are referenced by a colon.
The language has three tones: mid, high, and falling, and pitches are used for nearly every word, making it a very lively tongue. Like with the Chickasaw Native Americans, Caddo words that have double letters must be said with a break in them.
Caddo is pronounced "cad-oh" and it comes from the word "Kadohadacho", the tribe's name for themselves meaning "true chiefs". A Caddo word that is familiar to most people is Texas, which is translated as tayshah or "friend."
In addition to everyday speech, the Caddo have a ceremonial tongue, preserved in lots of song and prayer.
Caddo is an endangered language because most kids aren't being taught it anymore. Some Caddo people are working to keep the tongue around, though. Overall, the people are prospering and doing well.
They have nice schools, and their living conditions could be compared to that of middle-class Americans. They participate in many of the same activities as any other average American , with traditional twists thrown in.
Jacob Lumbroso is an enthusiast for foreign languages, history, and foreign cultures. He writes articles on history and languages and has used Pimsleur foreign language courses to learn various languages.


text:
Escola milanesa (pintura) - uma escola de pintura do século XVIII
 Escola de Milão (psicoterapia) - uma escola psicoterapêutica do século XX

Desambiguação

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Speaking: How To Say in Chinese
12 Ways to Say Sorry in Chinese | Apologize in Chinese
How to Say Vegetarian, Allergic and Healthy Food in Chinese | Eating Habits in Chinese
14 Ways to Avoid A Question in Chinese | No Comment in Chinese
12 Ways to Say Thank You In Chinese | Thanks in Chinese
11 Ways to Say Hello in Chinese | Greetings in Chinese
14 Ways to Say Goodbye in Chinese | Bye Bye in Chinese
10 Ways to Say What's Your Name in Chinese | Ask People's Name in Chinese
12 Ways to Say My Name Is in Chinese | Introduce Yourself in Chinese
11 Ways to Say No in Chinese Nicely | No Way or Not Okay in Chinese
18 Ways to Say Really in Chinese | Express Surprise in Chinese
12 Ways to Say Delicious in Chinese | Yummy & Tasty in Chinese
8 Ways to Say What Are You Doing in Chinese
11 Ways to Say OK in Chinese | No Problem in Chinese
12 Ways to Say I Don't Speak Chinese | I Don't Know Chinese
22 Ways to Say You're Welcome in Chinese | No Problem in Chinese
12 Ways to Say It's OK in Chinese | No Worries in Chinese
How to Say the 12 Chinese Zodiac Animals in Chinese
12 Ways to Say Congratulations in Chinese | I'm Happy For You in Chinese
14 Ways to Say Good Luck in Chinese | Wish You Success in Chinese
12 Ways to Say I Speak Chinese | I Know Chinese
Oops...Members Only!
Speaking: How To Say in Chinese 12 Ways to Say It's OK in Chinese | No Worries in Chinese
HOW TO SAY IT'S OK IN CHINESE – SAY IT DOESN'T MATTER IN CHINESE
Just like you can say "it's OK", "no worries", "It doesn't matter", "it's fine" or "it's okay" to express the same thing in English. There are so many different ways of how to say no worries in Chinese. Watch this video lesson and learn 12 useful expressions. Next time someone apologizes to you in Chinese, try some of these expressions and make them feel "it's fine".
LESSON NOTES
How to Say It's OK in Chinese
1. 没关系
pinyin. méi guān xi – literal. no matter liberal. it doesn't matter The most commonly used way to say no worries in Chinese is 没关系, which literally means it doesn't matter in Chinese. You can never go wrong with it, but if you want to learn some other ways of how to say it's OK in Chinese, please continue reading.
How to Say It's OK in Chinese Besides Meiguanxi
2. 没事
pinyin. méi shì – literal. no thing liberal. no worries 没事 means "it's nothing", by saying 没事, you can make the person feel like it's not a big deal.
3. 无所谓
pinyin. wú suǒ wèi – literal. no matter liberal. no worries 无所谓 is a very useful expression. You can use it to say it doesn't matter in Chinese. In other situations, it can also mean "I don't care" or "whatever it is, it is okay with me".
4. 不要紧
pinyin. bú yào jǐn – literal. no matter liberal. it doesn't matter In Chinese, the character 紧 can mean "urgent" or "serious", and the character 要 can mean "important". So if you say 不要紧, it means that you don't think it's a big deal. It's usually used in spoken language.
5. 不打紧
pinyin. bù dǎ jǐn – literal. no matter liberal. it doesn't matter 不打紧 has the same meaning as 不要紧, only it's a more casual and colloquial to say no worries in Chinese. If you use 不打紧 to say it's OK in Chinese, it can help you bring out a genuine and friendly tone.
6. 没什么(大不了的)
pinyin. méi shén me (dà bu liǎo de) – literal. nothing (no big deal) liberal. it's nothing (it's no big deal) If you feel what the person is apologizing for is no big deal, you can say 没什么 or 没什么大不了的. Even if the matter might be important or serious, you can still use these two expressions to say it's OK in Chinese, just to make the person feel that "it's fine".
How to Say It Doesn't Matter in Chinese to Make People Feel Better
When people apologize to you and you want them to feel that it's OK, there are some expressions that work really well, just like the four listed below. By using these expressions, you might not be saying no worries in Chinese directly or exactly, but the effect might work even better because people connect with you much more when they hear them.
7. 这事不怪你
pinyin. zhè shì bú guài nǐ – literal. this thing (should) not blame you liberal. it's not your fault 这事不怪你 is a very useful expression. It is good for situations where it really is not the person's responsibility, or if you're just trying to make them feel better.
8. 别放在心上
pinyin. bié fàng zài xīn shàng – literal. don't put (it) in your heart liberal. don't worry about it 别放在心上 – don't bear it in your heart. 放在心上 is a common expression in Chinese. It literally means "to bear something in one's heart", because one believes it's important or it worries them. If you say 别放在心上, this means that you're not worried about it and you don't want them either.
9. 我本来就没放在心上
pinyin. wǒ běn lái jiù méi fàng zài xīn shàng – literal. I at first didn't put (it) in my heart liberal. I wasn't even worried about it If 别放在心上 means you don't want people to worry about it, 我本来就没放在心上 implies that perhaps you wasn't even expecting an apology.
10. 这些都是小事
pinyin. zhè xiē dōu shì xiǎo shì – literal. these were all just little things liberal. these were all just little problems 这些 means these. Even if someone is apologizing for only one thing, not a few things, you can still use 这些都是小事 to say it's OK in Chinese.
Other Interesting Ways to Say No Worries in Chinese
11. 我原谅你了
pinyin. wǒ yuán liàng nǐ le – literal. I've forgiven you liberal. it's okay This is an interesting way of how to say it's OK in Chinese. Just as it is is in English, "我原谅你了, I've forgiven you" might sound just as condescending as in Chinese. But if used properly, it can work really well. Below are some possible situations that 我原谅你了 can be used:
between friends that know each other really well; 我原谅你了 can create a joking tone
from one child to another
from parents to their children
To sum up, 我原谅你了 can be used between people who know each other very well. And don't use it unless you are 100% sure that they are not going to get offended.
12. 这次就算了
pinyin. zhè cì jiù suàn le – literal. this time (let's) just forget (about it) liberal. it's okay this time What if you are already really mad for something and even after they apologized you're still not feeling 100% over it? You can say 这次就算了, this means that you don't really like it but since it's only "this time", you will try to get over it. And guess what usually goes after 这次就算了? It's 下次可不行了 xià cì kě bù xíng le, meaning "next time it's not OK"!
Do you know some other useful ways to say no worries in Chinese? Comment and share with us!
I have read the Moderation Guidelines: 1) Questions commonly shared by Chinese learners are answered regularly in detail for better clarification, or turned into full video lessons later. Please browse sticky comments for answers to frequently asked questions about this lesson. If the answer to your question is not provided among the sticky comments, please post one. 2) Questions might not be displayed for reasons such as - if it does not apply to the majority of learners, goes beyond the course level, is based on misconceptions, etc... 3) For errors and other issues, we will assist you with private emails. Emails will be sent to the email address that your account is registered with.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: java.sql.ResultSet getBigDecimal when it's null I'm trying to read from a resultSet a BigDecimal which is null
bean.setAuthorizedAmount(res.getBigDecimal(columnIndex++));

and it's giving the following exception
java.sql.SQLException: Fail to convert to internal representation

Can you suggest the simplest code that could simply map on BigDecimal, whether the column is null or not, for instance as you can do for String?
Hope I was clear enough, thanks in advance.

A: This is happen when your column data can not be converted to the BigDecimal or any type you are looking for. I think you have started columnIndex from 0 in that case you won't be able to get the exact column you want. It says java is unable to convert data to BigDecimal from the column value.
EDIT :
As stated by Luiggi Mendoza in comment, it would be much better to use column name instead of column index to avoid such problems and yes it increases the readability as well.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Springtime in Yerevan is my favorite season. As the city crawls its way out of winter, spring reveals itself with such grace and splendor in our city. The trees bloom and flower, then turn a rich green before the dry heat of summer pales their hue, the air is fresh and clear, Mount Ararat comes out of hiding and there's a lightness that can be felt both physically and spiritually.
Taking advantage of the weather, I decided to walk to work a few days ago. I estimated it would take me about 40 minutes to walk from my apartment in Monument (by Mother Armenia) to Republic Square. Taking into consideration my advancing age and the fact that I hadn't exercised in years, I thought it was about time I started to take care of myself. So I got up early, took a shower, had a boiled egg and a coffee and very happily started walking down my street, extremely proud of myself.
Needless to say, I reluctantly got into the taxi because it was now blocking traffic and drove down to Northern Avenue, and ended up paying for the cab fare. I walked but only for about 10 minutes, so much for my early morning exercise.
Several days passed since that mis-adventure, so this morning, with even greater resolve and determination, I did manage to walk to work, although it took me just over 50 minutes to reach my office.
The walk afforded me the opportunity to see things I would normally have missed while driving, like the beautiful trees that line Azatutyun Street with Mount Ararat in the distance, or the sculptures at the top of the Cascade, or the palatial home that is purportedly Hovik Abrahamyan's (Speaker of the National Assembly, member of the Republican Party) which is the almost exact replica of the parliament building itself.
After walking down the stairs of the Cascade complex and reaching the Cafesjian gardens, I saw men and women busily working planting new flowers and cutting the grass, the smell of which reminded me of our neighborhood in Toronto when on Saturday mornings people would be out in their yards cutting the grass and tending to their gardens. It was a feeling of familiarity that was both nostalgic and pleasant.
As I continued walking through Opera Square I thought how blessed I was to be here in the land of my ancestors, which in turn reminded me of the conference in LA, "Independence and Beyond: In Search of a New Armenian Diaspora, Post 1991" I had watched being livestreamed two days earlier. The event was organized by the Central Committee of the ARF Western Region and the USC Armenian Studies Institute. I had managed to watch most of the presentations, albeit with some skipping ahead, but the questions being asked not only about a new vision or framework for the Diaspora in the future but also questions of homeland, identity and belonging had made me wonder.
As I continued walking, I pondered those questions of the mythical homeland or the "step-homeland" a term, which Dr. Sosi Kasparian from the University of Lancaster had referred to in her speech, "Return to Homeland, Challenging Concepts and Realities." I listened to one presenter after the next posing critical questions rooted in our history and of the essence of Diaspora, language, literature and identity. As a Diasporan Armenian who had repatriated, burning all her bridges in the process, I too began thinking about the reasons why we moved if this was simply our "step-homeland." While this particular homeland, the Republic of Armenia was not the actual homeland of my ancestors from Cilicia, I hadn't questioned that reality. For me the equation was very simple – our people had not had a homeland for centuries, with the exception of the short-lived First Republic (1918-1920), present-day Armenia was not the land or the soil my ancestors had tilled but it was for all intents and purposes our homeland. The narratives of Western Armenia or the metanarratives that Dr. Stepan Astourian had referred to in his presentation at the same conference that made up the Diaspora, the one created post-Genocide, had been kept alive for several generations and had contributed to some sort of cohesiveness in a growingly diversified Diaspora.
I am not a scholar or an academic. My education, training and life experiences have not given me the tools or the time to delve deeply into these very difficult areas of defining identity, of Diasporas, of history. Something that Dr. Khachig Tololyan of Wesleyan University who was moderating the panel, "[Re] Defining Diaspora and Nationalism," said regarding the definition of Diaspora got me thinking. He asked who defines the social forms, the people who live in the social form or the intellectuals and scholars who study them? While many Armenian scholars in the West study Diaspora, identity, return to the homeland, we the Diasporans who repatriated didn't ask many of the questions that were being raised at the conference. And most of us are here engaging in a way that might not have any significant impact or any impact at all, but we certainly know how to differentiate the ruling regime from the state or the homeland itself.
As Dr. Astourian duly noted most Armenians in the Diaspora (and the homeland) are disillusioned with the state. In his remarks he said that Diasporans don't trust the "state" because of a lack of legitimacy and any attempt by the state to interfere in Diaspora affairs is perceived as unacceptable. Successive regimes have indeed failed to deliver their promises of a brighter future, I consistently write about those missteps and lost opportunities, however the regime for me does not define the homeland.
There is no doubt that this conference was an extremely important and timely one. It was important because it got those who participated and the rest of us who watched it from Armenia to begin thinking about those national issues which will impact the future of both the homeland and the Diaspora. If we all agreed with everything that was being said then the event would not have achieved its objective of stimulating a new national discourse and therefore, I can comfortably say, I didn't agree with some of the positions and was even slightly taken aback with others, i.e. "The future, I am glad to report belongs to the Diaspora." Well, that's very good for everyone in the Diaspora, but without the homeland, how long can the metanarratives of Kharpert and Mush and Urfa be sustained?
In the coming weeks and months, I hope there will be more discussion and debate about some of the presentations and perhaps even some humble perspectives – a view from Armenia if you like – to the broad spectrum of opinions expressed there (I was not the only person following the livestream from Yerevan). I also hope the organizers of this initiative would consider sponsoring a similar conference in Armenia in collaboration not with state bodies that are obviously so mistrusted but perhaps with a university or an independent foundation/ think tank from Yerevan. Such an endeavor would serve several purposes but the immediate two that come to mind are that we begin to initiate this dialogue here, with participants from both Armenia and the Diaspora, and by doing so would not only be building bridges of mutual understanding but would also be enabling and encouraging civil society organizations in the country that are in great need of support. For me, both the Diaspora and the homeland are inextricably linked to one another, we need each other and although the current ruling regime might not seem conducive to meaningful engagement with the Diaspora (their objective is to use the Diaspora and if possible dominate it), the perimeters of which were set during the Levon Ter Petrosian era and as there is no serious reflection of the concept of statehood in the Diaspora, as Dr. Stepan Astourian noted in his presentation at the conference, these kinds of discussions are crucial to our future survival and empowerment.
Dear Maria: Thank you for this great article. The conference was, indeed, very interesting.
By the way, the following ("The future, I am glad to report belongs to the Diaspora.") was meant to be bitter humor.
Not only should you continue to do these early morning walks and show our sisters and brothers in Armenia an alternative healthier living style, but also fulfill your promise to come and visit us on the top of our mountain in 'y'. Should you come, we could walk down from our mountain top to the silk-road in the valley below and have lunch at the Sisakanots on the Yeghegis torrent. They cook wonderful live fish for you there and the atmosphere is priceless.
Excellent article Maria, I agree with all the points you have raised. I watched the conference as well and I found quite a lot of academic theories which did not quite relate to my experience. The only thing that I felt was relevant to me and a number of people that I know was the comment that a number of people who are marginalised in diasporan communities are gravitating towards Armenia to assert their identity which I think is a very positive thing.


text:
District Court Judge Blocks Changes to Iowa's Absentee Voting Law
Polk County District Court Judge Karen Romano blocked four features of Iowa's Election Modernization and Integrity Act (HF 516) late Tuesday afternoon.
Photo credit: Tom Arthur (CC-By-SA 2.0)
Grassley and Ernst Discuss Kavanaugh Confirmation on U.S. Senate Floor
Absentee Voting,
Iowa Legislature,
Iowa's Election Modernization and Integrity Act,
Karen Romano,
League of United Latin American Citizens,
Paul Pate,
Taylor Blair,
Terry Branstad,
(Des Moines, Iowa) Polk County District Court Judge Karen Romano blocked four features of Iowa's Election Modernization and Integrity Act (HF 516) late Tuesday afternoon. The changes to Iowa's voting passed by the Iowa Legislature in 2017 was signed into law by former Governor Terry Branstad.
The League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) of Iowa and Taylor Blair, a student at Iowa State University, filed suit to block certain aspects of the law.
"I am disappointed to learn a temporary injunction was placed on some parts of Iowa's Election Modernization and Integrity Act today. We will be appealing this decision to the Iowa Supreme Court immediately. Out-of-state dark money and Washington, D.C. lawyers have come into Iowa to try to overturn our election laws. The people of Iowa overwhelmingly support voter ID and their elected representatives enacted a law that makes it easy to vote, but hard to cheat. My office has worked diligently with organizations across the state, including the plaintiffs in this case, to inform all Iowans about the provisions of this new law. The plaintiffs have not shown a single Iowan has been disenfranchised by this bill," Iowa Secretary of State Paul Pate said in a released statement responding to the ruling.
Romano's injunction primarily deals with changes in Iowa's absentee voting laws, specifically it:
Restores the absentee voting period to 40 days from 29 days.
Blocks the ability of county auditors to reject an absentee ballot request forms or absentee ballots if the signature on the absentee ballot request form or returned absentee ballot envelope does not match the signature on record.
Blocks the requirement to provide an ID number (driver's license number, non-operator state-issued ID, or voter identification card) on the absentee ballot application.
Romano also ordered that the Iowa Secretary of State's office not to include language on absentee ballot request forms that "(a)n absentee ballot cannot be issued until ID number is provided."
She also ordered that the Iowa Secretary of State's office stop their advertising campaign that indicates IDs are needed this year. The ID requirement of HF 516 will not go into effect until 2019.
Reading through the ruling, I disagree that a shortened absentee voting window causes "irreparable harm" to voters. Frankly, if 2018 showed us anything, voting too early isn't good. The fact that voters who typically vote between the 40th and 29th day would have to change their voting habit does not mean they are disenfranchised; it just means they have to vote 11 days later. If the window was shortened causing the absentee ballot cut-off to be eleven days earlier then I could see their point, but that isn't what HF 516 did.
The complaint about requiring an ID number on the absentee ballot request form is ludicrous as well. LULAC's point that prospective voters did not want to fill out and submit an absentee ballot request form with their canvassers shouldn't matter. Legal residents of voting age have a right to vote by absentee ballot. They do not have a right to apply for a ballot through a third party organization, especially when they can download the request form and mail it to their county auditor in time so it can be received by 5:00p on Friday, 11 days before the election (for a general election by Saturday, 10 days before the election).
When LULAC is out canvassing and someone does not want to provide an ID number I would think either they 1. don't want to give that data out to a canvasser (and I don't blame them) or 2. they are not eligible to vote. In the case of data privacy, why can't LULAC just leave an absentee ballot request form with the voter? If they are canvassing away from people's homes and they don't have their ID on them then, again, leave a form with them. It should not be the state's responsibility to ensure it is easier for LULAC to canvass their voters. Any organization that does canvassing could have this complaint, but they need to make the necessary adjustments.
I sympathize with the plaintiffs' complaint about the signature requirements. I agree that county auditors are not handwriting experts, but this makes it even more critical that the absentee ballot request includes an ID number.
I also sympathize with their complaint that voter education material does not say an ID is needed for this upcoming election since that requirement does not take effect until 2019. That could keep people from the polls in November.
Romano in her ruling made it clear she believed the Plaintiffs would prevail in court so it is unlikely she would find in favor of the state. I don't have much faith that the Iowa Supreme Court would overturn her ruling however.
Read the ruling below:
Iowa Sets Voter Registration Record
Republicans lead Democrats by 20,590 registered voters in Iowa, and Republicans have outpaced Democrats in their voter registration efforts since July.
Zaun Leads Boswell in Iowa 3rd Congressional District Poll
A Victory Enterprises poll conducted on June 17, 2010 shows State Senator…
By Bryan English Yesterday, the Iowa House voted to suspend the rules…
Reynolds Now Recommends Iowa Schools Close For Four Weeks
Upon discovery of the existence of substantial community spread of COVID-19 in the Iowa, Gov. Kim Reynolds recommends schools close for four weeks.


Happy Monday, Friends!!! To all our friends in Florida - we're praying for you!!! I can't imagine having to evacuate and not knowing what you're going to return home to OR trying to ride out one of the worst hurricanes in recent history. Praying that y'all are safe and dry and that your homes are safe and dry as well!
Saturday was a busy day in our house. Mason had his very first flag football game and he was SO EXCITED!!!
I mean... have you EVER seen anything cuter?!?! Flag football wasn't really on our activity roster (honestly, I've always steered my boys away from football), but when friends of his started talking about it and he wanted to play we decided to give it a shot. Little did I know that he would LOVE it!
I wasn't able to be at his game (more on that in a minute) but an awesome friend sent me these pictures and I am so grateful! He played quarterback and had an absolute blast. Y'all should hear him yell, "down set hut" ;) He plays every Saturday until November and I can't wait to watch him!
While Dave and Mason were at flag football, Luke, Griffin and I headed to Arlington for Beau's second birthday party!
And GG even got a turn!
It's crazy because I feel like it was yesterday that Beau was that size!
... a few laps around the yard and we were off! Such a great morning celebrating Beau!
Sunday morning it was just me and this cutie for church.
One-on-one time can be hard to come by around here and it was so sweet!
Meanwhile these sweet boys were heading to watch the Rangers play!
Today on 9/11 I invite you to join me in praying for the families who lost a loved one in the attacks, during the recovery or now, years later as a result of being involved in clean up and rescue.
One inond time is the best! What awesome football pics. Including the spit string!
Oh my goodness!! That little flag football team group shot is the cutest thing!
What an awesome weekend! It's homecoming at the school that I teach at too! Woo hoo! Have a great week!
Mason playing flag football. oh my sweetness!
Love the one on one time. So sweet!
Love that you two got to go on a girls date -- I can't wait to have kids and start little traditions like that!
Love that she wanted hummus!! And Mason in his football uniform is adorable!!
Love how you divided and conquered the weekend! :) And how fun that the boys went to a Rangers game!
Those pics of Mason are adorable!!! My kids are in need of some one on one time, we need to make that happen soon!
Great pictures! I loved flag football.
What a great weekend and Mason looks like a natural. Dak Prescott better watch out;).


text:
package main

import (
	"bytes"
	"crypto/sha512"
	"fmt"

	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
)

// CreateHash Will create hash password
// It should never panic if plainText is given properly
func CreateHash(plainText string) (hashText string) {
	preparedPlainText := preparePasswordInput(plainText)
	passwordHashInBytes, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword([]byte(preparedPlainText), bcrypt.DefaultCost)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	hashText = string(passwordHashInBytes)
	return
}

// CompareHash compares hash to plain text, if same it will no return error
// If not same, it will return error
func CompareHash(plainText string, hashText string) (err error) {
	preparedPlainText := preparePasswordInput(plainText)
	plainTextInBytes := []byte(preparedPlainText)
	hashTextInBytes := []byte(hashText)
	err = bcrypt.CompareHashAndPassword(hashTextInBytes, plainTextInBytes)
	return
}

// Bcrypt truncates strings which are longer than 72 characters.
// This prepares the plainText input, so that more than that can be used.
func preparePasswordInput(plainText string) (preparedPasswordInput string) {
	// Creates a SHA512 hash, trimmed to 64 characters, so that it fits in bcrypt
	hashedInput := sha512.Sum512_256([]byte(plainText))
	// Bcrypt terminates at NULL bytes, so we need to trim these away
	trimmedHash := bytes.Trim(hashedInput[:], "\x00")
	preparedPasswordInput = string(trimmedHash)
	return
}

// This is example for make a hash string and comparing whether plain string is same as hashed string
// This useful when you are working in password.
// For example, you must never try to save password using plain text from user directly in db.
// bcrypt is todays solution to save password in db rather than md5,
// because it will generates wide range combination of hash result
func main() {
	// specify the password
	password := "mypassword"

	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		hashedPassword := CreateHash(password) // should return different random string
		err := CompareHash(password, hashedPassword)
		if err == nil {
			// You'll see that there is no same hash in each iteration
			fmt.Printf("%s is an hash version of %s \n", hashedPassword, password)
		} else {
			fmt.Println(err.Error())
		}
	}

	// Real case
	// For example, get user password from input
	userPassword := "this-is-user-password"
	userPasswordWrong := "wrong-password-input-by-user"
	userPasswordHashed := CreateHash(userPassword)

	// Should return no error, since user input == real password that has been hashed befoe
	if err := CompareHash(userPassword, userPasswordHashed); err == nil {
		fmt.Printf("You have inputed the right password!\n")
	}

	// Will return wrong password, because err is not nil
	// And hashed string (userPasswordHashed) is not one of any version of plain string text (userPasswordWrong)
	if err := CompareHash(userPasswordWrong, userPasswordHashed); err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("You have inputed the wrong password!\n")
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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We are often asked how a traditional orangery can be attached to a single storey house, with a tiled sloping roof.
In the above example of an orangery on a bungalow near Chichester, West Sussex, after removing the existing conservatory, we also took away the roof gable. The orangery roof was scribed into the house roof, and the tiles replaced over leading.
The dwarf wall has second-hand bricks to match the existing house brick.


text:
Urban Affairs
Rural Policy
You are here: Home1 / Articles2 / Demographics3 / Tribes And Trust
Tribes And Trust
July 23, 2010 /in Demographics, Religion
Appearing in:
Only Tribes held together by a group feeling can survive in a desert.
–Ibn Khaldun, 14th century Arab historian
Time to chuck into the dustbin the cosmopolitan notions so celebrated at global conferences: a world run by wise men of the United Nations, science-driven socialists or their ostensibly more pragmatic twins, global free marketers. We are leaving the age of abstractions and entering one dominated by deep-seated ethnic, religious and cultural loyalties, some with roots from centuries and millennia ago.
The 14th century Arab historian Ibn Khaldun noted that what most holds people together is biology and shared history. These create the critical bonds of kinship and trust and a sense of common purpose that have animated every ascendant group from the days of the Greeks and Romans through the British empire, America and modern day China.
You rarely hear such notions discussed by academics, policy wonks and politicians. The well-behaved shy away from the hoary reality that people usually put the interests of their extended family ahead of others.
Yet the more we struggle to be true cosmopolitans, the more humanity expresses our fundamentally tribal nature. In the two decades since I wrote my book Tribes, in-group loyalties appear to have become stronger and more dominant.
Take the Arabs, Ibn Khaldun's own tribe, now blending ethnic nationalism and religion into a powerful, epoch-shaping mixture. Much as in the 7th or 8th centuries.
Arab Muslim tribalism will remain a powerful force, if for no other reason than their dominance of easily accessible fossil fuel resources. You see signs of a renewed, self-conscious Arab civilization in the new mosques, shining cultural edifices, mega-hotels and office spires sprouting across Kuwait, Dubai, Qatar and Abu Dhabi.
With Arabs, like others, intense tribal feelings can often get out of control. Racial pride and religious fervor have chased many productive cultural minorities–Armenians, Christians, Jews–from once cosmopolitan cities like Damascus, Cairo and Beirut. The Shiite Iranians have followed a similar unfortunate course. Even some in Israel feel an uncontrollable urge to exclude, as evident in a proposal to allow ultra-orthodox Haredi rabbis to determine who is–and who isn't–a Jew.
The power of the new tribalism is particularly evident among the Chinese. Maoism might have been a radical internationalist movement, but today's Chinese are seeking to revive the great 15th century "middle kingdom" that led the world in industriousness and commerce, and briefly even "ruled the seas."
The Han are easily the world's largest tribe with a common history, language and mythology, and they constitute over 90% of China's billion-plus population. In contrast, India, the other great rising super power of our time, remains a patchwork of diverse ethnic, linguistic, caste and religious groupings.
The new Middle Kingdom, as Martin Jacques warns in his influential When China Rules the World, may well prove extraordinarily ethno-centric and self-referential. The newly powerful Han may find little use for other races except as customers and suppliers of raw materials.
Despite huge internal pressures, the Chinese are increasingly scornful of the Western business model. A good example of this change of mood: the downgrade of American and European debt by the Dagong rating agency earlier this month.
Other tribes, meanwhile, are waning: Take the Japanese. The Japanese ascendency last century was was built upon imagination, courage and military, followed by a corporate, esprit de corps.
Nothing speaks to tribal decline more than Japan's shocking birth dearth. The Japanese are running out of new blood about as quickly as any nation on earth. They also seem constitutionally incapable of making the demographic shortfall with immigrants. By 2050 more than one in three Japanese will be over 60, and the workforce 40% smaller than in 2000. The same fate may await some of their Asian cousins, but Japan's demographic time bomb will go off first.
Europeans face similarly bleak demographic prospects. Many traditional linchpins of trust–national pride, family and religion–have weakened. Lacking some sort of "group feeling," today's Europeans seem unmotivated about creating a great future, as shown by their unwillingness to start businesses or create offspring.
The trendy concept of "European" may also need to be dismissed as archaic given the mounting rift between the frugal and productive north and the anarchic south. After all, how can you speak of one Europe when the Belgians themselves remain congenitally divided between their French and Dutch speakers.
So what other tribes, besides the Chinese, are on the upswing? Best look at the arc of rising countries across Asia–from Turkey and India to Vietnam. All appear to be entering an aggressive, expansive phase.
The new dynamic has restored one historic aspect in the role of cities as hosts for a gathering of tribes. Singapore, for example, has evolved into a modern-day Venice: a convenient, authoritatively ordered place hosting Chinese, Malays, Indians, Vietnamese and those Westerners who want in on Asia's action.
Many well off Indians, Chinese and others scour the globe for the prospect of a better life–easier admission to college or the prospect of owning a large flat or even a single family house in the suburbs. This lures them to London, New York, Los Angeles, the Bay Area or Houston. Chinese yuppies still fork out big bucks to have their babies born in California.
Tribalism has spread even to that paragon of modernism, Silicon Valley. In the end, technology often fails to trump family and cultural ties. Chinese investors push firms to set up shop with their ethnic compatriots in Taiwan, Singapore or China; the Indians for Bangalore, Chennai or Hyderabad; the Israelis for expanding Tel Aviv.
In our informational age, of course, not all trust networks are based on ethnic DNA. The Mormons have thrived as a tribe based on theology and their remarkable culture of mutual self-help. More than half of the "Saints" now live outside of America, but still Salt Lake City serves as their own ecclesiastical Mecca.
Even decidedly secular groups increasingly display tribal characteristics. Green activists are united by a passionate "group feeling" as powerful as that which mobilized Mohammed's followers; just substitute "sustainable" for holy.
Smaller tribes like investment bankers, techno-geeks or gays each share their own iconography, rites of passage, tastes in politics and culture. They cluster not only in cyberspace, but in the same neighborhoods, conferences and resorts, and increasingly intermarry.
These secular tribes often insist they, unlike ethnic groups, are motivated by a more enlightened spirit of science, global consciousness or individual self-awareness. But don't be taken in by such protestations. Nothing could be more tribal.
https://joelkotkin.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/crowd.jpg 265 355 Joel Kotkin /wp-content/uploads/2017/01/jkotkin_logo.png Joel Kotkin2010-07-23 18:53:242017-01-31 19:15:10Tribes And Trust
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text:
'We're ready and raring!' says Greens boss after a gruelling summer on the treadmill
16th July 2008 By Latest News Leave a Comment
Gorleston boss Jon White has admitted that the club is 'buzzing' ahead of tonight's clash with the Canaries at Emerald Park.
And while he wasn't bold enough to predict an upset, White will be hoping that some hard graft in pre-season will pay off against Glenn Roeder's men.
White, who took charge this summer after the departure of his cousin and business partner Glenn Haylett, called his squad in for training almost a month ago and under the guidance of ex-Marine Andy Gray, they have been putting in some gruelling shifts.
Promotion back to the Ridgeons Premier League is certainly the number one aim this season, but the new Greens boss is hoping that they can put up a good fight against their more illustrious opponents this evening.
"We started pre-season training on the 19th June so we've been back a while," White told me earlier. "We came back a little bit earlier this year and we've played a couple of friendlies already.
"I've been trying to find out what some of my newer players are all about. Some lads have come up through borough football that I don't know much about so it's been an interesting time.
"But hopefully I've got a squad that can give City a half decent game. I've got a fitness coach here, Andy Gray, who is an ex-Marine and a former pro boxer and he's been coming in and putting them through their paces.
"He's put some hard sessions on and the players have felt it. I've been watching and it was certainly tough; the lads should be fit."
Whatever the outcome of tonight's match ? and only a very brave man would predict anything other than a convincing win for the Championship side ? it will be an occasion to remember for the Greens.
With a capacity crowd expected on the East Norfolk coast, these nights don't come along very often for clubs of Gorleston's ilk. And White insisted they are determined to enjoy it.
"The club is buzzing at the moment and all the people behind the scenes will be up there now putting the final touches together to make sure everything will run as smoothly as possible.
"It costs a fair amount of money to run a club of our stature and this is the perfect start to the season for us. Hopefully with the money we make this evening, we can aim to make more in the future. With tonight's revenue, it can help us put on other events.
"There is a capacity of 1,350 and I would have thought that it will be sold out. As it stands, there are only about 40 tickets or so left in my shop."
Coming up against a team who ply their trade just one tier below the most powerful league in world football is sure to be a once-in-a-lifetime experience for some of the Gorleston squad.
And with the prospect of facing Messrs Hoolahan, Marshall and Cureton on the horizon, White revealed there were some heartbroken faces when he announced the team to face City tonight.
"They're excited about playing against Championship players," continued the Greens' chief. "We had a training session last night where I announced the squad and who was going to be involved and there were some disappointed lads; but it had to be done.
"We'll be taking a squad of 21 but only 17 will play a part in the match and it will be interesting for me as the manager to see how they get on."
It's certainly been a period of upheaval for their Norfolk neighbours this summer and with nine players being released from the club ? including talisman Darren Huckerby ? it will be a new-look squad that travels down the A47 this evening.
And while there are sure to be more additions to come, White believes City are heading in the right direction.
There may be a hangover after the failed Peter Cullum takeover and it's fair to say that Canary supporters are not at their most optimistic at present.
But under Glenn Roeder, the Greens boss is not ruling out a successful season for Norwich – which, after last season's relegation-haunted campaign, will be a big ask for the Carrow Road club.
"Things can change very quickly in football," White continued. "I think they have got one of the best managers in the Championship and I'm sure he'll do whatever is necessary to get them back into the Premier League.
"It will be good for me and my assistant, Martyn Sinclair, to pit our wits against an ex-Premier League manager.
"I'm not sure I'll be asking him for any tips, we'll have to see how the game pans out. But I'll be happy if we keep them at 0-0 for the first 30 minutes and then we'll go from there!"


text:
School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
Monitoring human decomposition products collected in clothing: an infrared spectroscopy study
Collins, S Stuart, B Ueland, M
Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2019
Closed Access
Monitoring human decomposition products collected in clothing an infrared spectroscopy study.pdf Published Version 1.51 MB
This item is closed access and not available.
dc.contributor.author Collins, S en_US
dc.contributor.author Stuart, B
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9540-4435 en_US
dc.contributor.author Ueland, M
dc.date.issued 2019-01-01 en_US
dc.identifier.citation Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 2019 en_US
dc.description.abstract © 2019, © 2019 Australian Academy of Forensic Sciences. The ability to monitor changes in human decomposition chemistry provides a potentially valuable tool for an understanding of the fate of human remains. This study reports the findings of an experimental study of a decomposing human cadaver investigated using infrared spectroscopy. This study was carried out at the Australian Facility for Taphonomic Experimental Research (AFTER) with a donated human cadaver clothed in cotton. An examination of the fluid retained by the cotton revealed that lipids and proteins, and their corresponding decomposition products, could be identified for the different stages of decomposition. The mechanisms for the changes to the lipid and protein components can be inferred from the spectroscopic changes observed and correlated with the corresponding decay processes observed for the cadaver. This study demonstrated that the use of this non-destructive technique allows the components of the decomposition fluid produced by decaying remains to be simultaneously monitored over time. en_US
dc.relation http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LE150100015
dc.relation.ispartof Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon 10.1080/00450618.2019.1593504 en_US
dc.subject.classification Legal & Forensic Medicine en_US
dc.title Monitoring human decomposition products collected in clothing: an infrared spectroscopy study en_US
pubs.organisational-group /University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group /University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
pubs.organisational-group /University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CFS - Centre for Forensic Science
utslib.copyright.status closed_access
© 2019, © 2019 Australian Academy of Forensic Sciences. The ability to monitor changes in human decomposition chemistry provides a potentially valuable tool for an understanding of the fate of human remains. This study reports the findings of an experimental study of a decomposing human cadaver investigated using infrared spectroscopy. This study was carried out at the Australian Facility for Taphonomic Experimental Research (AFTER) with a donated human cadaver clothed in cotton. An examination of the fluid retained by the cotton revealed that lipids and proteins, and their corresponding decomposition products, could be identified for the different stages of decomposition. The mechanisms for the changes to the lipid and protein components can be inferred from the spectroscopic changes observed and correlated with the corresponding decay processes observed for the cadaver. This study demonstrated that the use of this non-destructive technique allows the components of the decomposition fluid produced by decaying remains to be simultaneously monitored over time.


If you enjoyed my write up on Tegmark's Level II multiverse, you might enjoy this guest post that he makes on Sean Carroll's blog, which includes a link to the chapter on inflation from his book, including those visual aids I referenced!
What does the theory of inflation really predict?
What physics does it assume?
Doesn't creation of the matter around us from almost nothing violate energy conservation?
How could an infinite space get created in a finite time?
How is this linked to the BICEP2 signal?
What remarkable prize did Alan Guth win in 2005?
via Guest Post: Max Tegmark on Cosmic Inflation | Sean Carroll.
This entry was posted in Zeitgeist and tagged Alan Guth, Albert Einstein, Andrei Linde, BICEP2, Big Bang, Cosmology, Inflation (cosmology), Max Tegmark, Science, Sean Carroll, Space. Bookmark the permalink.


Concerning the traditions that make St. Sixtus and St. Sinicius the earliest apostles of Soissons as envoys of St. Peter, see REIMS. Sts. Crepinus and Crepinianus martyrs (c. 288) are patrons of the diocese. According to Mgr. Duchesne, the establishment of a see at Soissons dates from about 300. Among its bishops are: St. Divitianus (c. 310-20); St. Onesimus (c. 350-361); St. Edibius (c. 431-62); St. Principius (462-505), brother of St. Remy of Reims; St. Lupus (505-35); St. Baldarinus (Baudry) (535-545), whom Clotaire I exiled for seven years to England, where he served as gardener in a monastery; St. Ansericus or Anscher (623-52); St. Drausinus (657-76), founder of the monastery of Notre Dame de Soissons and of the Abbey of Rethondes; St. Adolbertus (677-85); St. Gaudinus (685-707), assassinated by usurers; Rothadius (832-869), famous for his quarrel with Hincmar; Riculfus (884-902), whose pastoral issued in 889 is one of the great extant treasures of the ecclesiastical literature of that period; St. Arnuel de Paméle (1081-1082), elected through the efforts of Hugues e Die legate from Gregory VII, and who was disturbed in the possession of his see by two bishops nominated successively by Philip I; Jocelyn de Vierzy (1126-52). who aided in the victory of Innocent II over the antipope Anticletus, and wrote an explanation of the Apostle's Creed and the Lord's Prayer; Hugues de Champfleury (1159-75), chancellor of Louis VII; Gui de Château Porcein (1245-50), who accompanied St. Louis on the Crusade and was killed in Palestine; Languet de Gergy (1715-30) who wrote the life of Mary Alacoque. In 1685 Louis XIV nominated the famous littérateur Huet Bishop of Soissons, but the strained relations existing then between France and Rome prevented him from receiving his Briefs, and he exchanged that see for Avranches in 1689.
The Diocese of Laon was evangelized at an uncertain date by St. Beatus; the see was founded in 487 by St. Remy, who cut it off from Reims and made his nephew St. Genebaldus bishop. Among the bishops of Laon are: St. Chagnoaldus (c. 620-3), brother of St. Faro, Bishop of Meaux, and of St. Fara; Hincmar (857-76); Adalbero Ascelin (977-1030) driven from his see (981) by the Carlovingian Louis V who accused him of undue intimacy with Emma, widow of Lothaire, and who was afterwards very loyal to the interests of Hugh Capet, to whom he handed over the Carlovingian Charles of Lorraine, and Arnoul, Archbishop of Reims. He was the author of a satirical poem addressed to King Robert; Gaudri (1106-12), who held out against the commune movement, and who was slain in a brawl at Laon; Barthélemy, de Vir, or de Viry (1113-51), who attracted St. Norbert to the diocese; Gautier de Mortagne (1155-74), author of six small theological treatises; Robert le Cocq (1352-8), who in October, 1356, and March, 1357, after the imprisonment of John II by the English held an important position in the States General, took the side of Stephen Marcel, conspired with him and Charles the Bad, King of Navarre, against the dauphin, the future Charles V and then fled to Aragon, where he became Bishop of Calahorra; Pierre de Montaigut (1371-86), cardinal in 1383; the historian Jean Juvenel des Ursins (1444-9), afterwards Archbishop of Reims; Louis de Bourbon Vendôme (1510-52), cardinal in 1517; César d'Estées (1653-1681), cardinal in 1672, was elected to the French Academy, and in Rome was involved in the difficulties between Louis XIV and Innocent XI, Alexander VIII and Innocent XII; Jean de Rochechouart de Foudoas (1741-77), cardinal in 1761. Louis Séguier, nominated by Henry IV, Bishop of Laon in 1598, refused the nomination to make room for his young nephew Peter de Bérulle, afterwards cardinal and founder of the Oratorians; de Bérulle refused the see.
The Bishop of Soissons as senior suffragan of Reims had the privilege during a vacancy of the metropolitan see to replace the archbishop at the ceremony of anointing a King of France. The Bishop of Laon ranked as Duke and peer from the twelfth century. As second ecclesiastical peer, he had the privilege of holding the ampulla during the anointing of the king. The chapter of Laon was one of the most illustrious of the kingdom. From the twelfth century its members numbered eighty-four; it had to engage in bitter struggles with the communal regime; three popes, Urban IV, Nicholas II, and Clement VI, sixteen cardinals, and more than fifty archbishops and bishops belonged to it. Jacques Pantaléon who became pope as Urban IV was a choir boy, then canon of the cathedral of Laon. He arranged the cartularium of the church of Laon, and was commissioned by Gregory IX to settle the dispute between the chapter and Enguerrand de Coucy. As Archdeacon of Laon he assisted in 1245, at the council of Lyons. Under the direction of St. Anselm of Laon, appointed by Eugene III to restore theological studies in France, the school in connexion with Laon cathedral drew young men from all parts of Europe.
Besides the saints already mentioned, the following are specially honoured as connected with the religious history of the diocese: St. Montanus, hermit, who foretold the birth of St. Remi (fifth century); St. Marculfus, Abbot of Nanteuil (sixth century) in the Diocese of Coutances, whose relics, transferred to Corbeny in the Diocese of Laon, were visited by the kings of France who, after their anointing at Reims, were wont to go to the tomb of St. Marculfus to cure the king's evil (see ARCHDIOCESE OF REIMS); St. Sigrada, mother of St. Leodagarius, exiled by Ebroïn to the monastery of Notre Dame at Soissons (seventh century); St. Hunegundis, a nun from the monastery of Homblières (d. c. 690); St. Grimonia, an Irishwoman martyred at La Chapelle (date uncertain); St. Boetianus (Bosan), husband of St. Salaberga, and St. Balduinus, martyr, his son (seventh century); St. Voël, or Vodoalus, hermit (d. c. 720). Among the natives of the diocese may be mentioned: Pierre Ramus (1515-72), Racine (1639-99), La Fontaine (1621-95), Dom Luc d'Achéry (1609-1685), Charlevoix (1683-1761), Camille Desmoulins (1760-1794). The chief pilgrimages are: Notre Dame de Liesse, a shrine founded in the thirteenth century, and replaced at the end of the fourteenth century by the present church; Notre Dame de Paix at Fieulaine, which dates back to 1660. Before the application of the Congregations Law (1901), there were in the Diocese of Soissons Jesuits, Trinitarians, and several teaching congregations of brothers. Some congregations of women had their origin in the diocese: the Nursing and Teaching Sisters of the Child Jesus, with mother-house at Soissons, founded in 1714 by the Madame Brulard de Genlis; the Sisters of Notre Dame de Bon Secours, a nursing and teaching order, founded in 1806, with mother-house at Charly; Sisters of Notre Dame, nursing and teaching order, with mother-house at Saint-Erme, founded in 1820 by the Abbé Chrétien; the Franciscan nuns of the Sacred Heart, a nursing order, founded in 1867, with mother-house at St-Quentin; the Servants of the Heart of Jesus, of whom there are two branches, the "Marys" who lead a contemplative life, and the "Marthas" who nurse the sick; they were founded at Strasburg in 1867, and brought to St-Quentin after the war of 1870-1.
MLA citation. Goyau, Georges. "Soissons." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14130c.htm>.


text:
Q: Thread struct as function parameter C I'm having a trouble passing a struct pointer into a function because I'm a bit confused with those pointers and references. I want to modify the thread.thread_num value from the thread_startfunction.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> //malloc, free
#include <pthread.h>

#define N 5

// void    *malloc(size_t);

struct thread {
     pthread_t thread_id;
     int       thread_num;
     // int       thread_sum;
};

void *thread_start(void *thread)
{
   struct thread *my_data;
   my_data = (struct thread *)thread;
   printf("num T: %i\n", my_data->thread_num);
   my_data->thread_num=4;
   printf("num T: %i\n", my_data->thread_num);

   return NULL;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   int i;
   struct thread  pthread_data;
   struct thread *thread = &pthread_data;

   thread->thread_num=2;
   pthread_create(&thread->thread_id, NULL, thread_start, (void *)&thread);
   printf("num: %i\n",thread->thread_num);

   pthread_exit(NULL);
   return 0;
}

But the value that print the main doesn't change (2).
And then I want to create an array of thread struct, but I don't know how exactly do that:
I guess it should be something like this:
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   int i;
   struct thread  pthread_data;
   struct thread *thread[N-1] = &pthread_data; // I don't know how to manage this.
   for(i=0; i<N; i++)
   {
   thread->thread_num=i;
   pthread_create(&thread[i]->thread_id, NULL, thread_start, (void *)&thread[i]);
   printf("num %i: %i\n",i,thread[i]->thread_num);
   }
   pthread_exit(NULL);
   return 0;
}

Any thoughts?

A: I recommend you to read http://www.advancedlinuxprogramming.com/alp-folder/alp-ch04-threads.pdf
And here what you wanted:
 #define N 5
typedef struct thread {
     pthread_t thread_id;
     int       thread_num;
     // int       thread_sum;
} ThreadData;
void *thread_start(void *thread)
{
   ThreadData *my_data  = (ThreadData*)thread;
   //there is no guarantee that prints will be in order
   //  we will use its initial thread->num ,cause it differs for each thread
   //plus you will see how threads will behave
   int order=my_data->thread_num;
   printf("%i) before num T: %i\n",order, my_data->thread_num);
   my_data->thread_num=4;
   printf("%i) after assignment num T: %i\n",order ,my_data->thread_num);

   return NULL;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   int i;
   ThreadData thread[N];
   for(i=0; i<N; i++)
   {
      thread[i].thread_num=i;
     pthread_create(&(thread[i].thread_id), NULL, thread_start, (void *)(thread+i));

   }
   //wait for all threads
   for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
       pthread_join(thread[i].thread_id, NULL);
   //print results of each thread
   for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
       printf(" %i)thread: number %i\n",i,thread[i].thread_num);
   return 0;
}

A: I can see multiple mistakes in your code.
First you have your pointers wrong. In the first example, it is enough to pass &pthread_data to pthread_create, &thread is the address of the thread pointer, so you are passing struct thread ** to your function instead of struct thread *. In the second example you should use (void *) thread[i]. &thread[i] is again struct thread **.
When you want each thread to write to its own thread data, then you should make an array of thread data, so that each thread has its own piece, else you will run into race conditions.
As others have already pointed out, you should call pthread_join before calling printf to ensure that the main thread will wait for all worker threads.
Also note that if you are calling pthread_join from other function that the one that spawned those threads, you have to ensure that the array of tread data will not go out of scope (in this case it would be probably better to use malloc or a global array).

A: You can't. As soon as main exits, which it does when you call pthread_exit, pthread_data ceases to exist, since it's local to the main function. So it can't be modified.


Ridgeway Breast Care Support Group is a totally self-funding group that supports both NHS and private breast cancer patients and their families and was established in 2010 as no such group existed in the Wiltshire area. Whilst some of their funds have bought equipment for local hospitals, their greatest contribution to the support of breast cancer patients is the programme of events they run - all of which are free to the patients. Their biggest event of the year is their Consultants' Evening, which brings together all of the consultants at the local hospitals who deal with breast cancer - surgeons, oncologists, radiographers, etc. - in one place to talk, advise and answer questions. This event is quite unique and a great help and support to cancer patients in this area.
The Support Group have now also been able to include in our events calendar a number of Pamper Days offering a variety of complimentary therapy taster treatments, including Aromatherapy, Reiki, Acupuncture, Facials and Manicures to all who have received a diagnosis of breast cancer, giving a much needed pick-me-up.
Sadly, breast cancer touches so many lives. I admire the volunteers, most of whom have themselves had a breast cancer diagnosis, who give so freely of their time and energy to provide emotional and practical support to others.


675. Day 24 and 25 | Sunsets in Oia | LEFTBANKED.
In my last post, I left off when we arrived in Oia after a few-hours-long hike over from Imerovigli. We arrived just minutes before the sunset so we weren't able to properly find a good spot to watch it.
Oia is quite different from Thira and Imerovigli. The streets here are lined with luxury boutiques and seems to be a better place for shopping (both fashion and souvenirs). In Thira there are better restaurant/dining options though.
As we arrived later than expected that first night, we ended up coming to Oia again the following day. We made sure to arrive earlier so that we got a good spot for the sunset, and to have a few hours to explore the town as well.
Santorini is well-known to be one of the best places to watch the most beautiful sunsets in the world. So that was what our days were structured around. My favourite was watching it from the cruise boat (which I will post about in the following post). It was the perfect view since we sailed right up to it, or as close to it as possible. We also managed to get the best spot on the boat (the tip at the front) so there were unobstructed views. Also there was a live jazz player so it added to the atmosphere. My second favourite was watching it from our hotel terrace lounge chairs. That was on the first night. Even though there were a few people at the neighbouring terraces, it felt the most private and peaceful. My least favourite was watching it from Oia with the hundreds of other people. It was a different experience altogether.
One of my favourite photos of us.
Excellent way of explaining, and pleasant article to get information on the topic of my presentation subject, which i am going to deliver in university.
and give you a shout out from Porter Tx! Just wanted to mention keep up the fantastic job!


text:
Q: How to replicate what django-allauth does when it creates a user, or how to programmatically submit a form in django? I am trying to import a bunch of users from an old database into a new system, and I am running into problems when I just create users and add their email addresses.  Apparently allauth does some hidden magic behind the scenes that I'm having trouble figuring out, because when one of these users logs in, I get an error from the email template Invalid block tag on line 298: 'user_display'. Did you forget to register or load this tag?  This doesn't happen when a user that is registered via a form, which subclasses allauth.account.forms.SignupForm logs in.
I thought that maybe I could just send the data through the form, but it requires a request to save, so I either need to figure out all the things that the SignupForm does when it creates a new user, or I need to figure out how to manually create the user using the form, which means I have to supply a request, or at least a fake request.
I would appreciate any help here.

A: The way I got around this was to create an EmailAddress instance from allauth.account.models for each user, and set primary and verified to True.
EmailAddress.objects.create(user=user, email=user.email, primary=True, verified=True)

This obviously isn't what happens when a new user is signed up, because verified should not be true until the address is verified, but it worked for my purposes.


text:
Q: OpenLayers 6: GeoJSON polygons not displaying without any error I have two GeoJSON files, the data should be Cartesian already. One GeoJSON (https://jsonblob.com/a4e3c8c9-0970-11ea-98b2-a57dd05dc415) file works fine but the polygons from the second one (https://jsonblob.com/d0ada7b7-0970-11ea-98b2-afb1520d8a49) don't show up and I don't get why.
OpenLayers do not throw any errors at all so it's difficult for me to find out the issue. Btw. I don't need any map tiles etc. I just want to see my polygon map. I can see all polygons in application like QGIS or mapsharper.org.
Here is a little bit code:
var vectorSource = new ol.source.Vector({
    features: (new ol.format.GeoJSON).readFeatures(geoJsonFeatures)
});

var vectorLayer = new ol.layer.Vector({
    source: vectorSource,
    style: stylePoligon
});

map = new ol.Map({
    //renderer: (['webgl', 'canvas']),
    target: 'map',
    layers: [
        vectorLayer
    ],
    view: new ol.View({
        //zoom: 14
    }),
    interactions: interactions,
    controls: ol.control.defaults({
        attribution: false,
        zoom: false,
    })
});

map.getView().fit(vectorSource.getExtent(), map.getSize());


Portable, track-mounted impact, cone & jaw crushers can be very useful tools for contractors, in rock mining operations, aggregate producers, road building operations, demolition / recycling companies and more.
Frontline is proud to carry the best Jaw Crushers in Canada. Having a reliable, agile, and fuel-efficient jaw crusher is important when processing recycled concrete and construction materials or quarrying for hard stone and semi-abrasive appliions, which is why Frontline carries Keestrack and GIPO machines.
Jaw Crusher,Xuanshi jaw crushers,crushing equipment Xuanshi jaw crushers are primarily used for reducing various kinds of stones and .
Powerscreen jaw crushers are designed to exceed the primary crushing needs of customers in the mining, ... Home > Crushing Equipment > Jaw Crushers.


text:
Das Deutsche Generalkonsulat Istanbul () ist die konsularische Vertretung Deutschlands in Istanbul, das im Stadtteil Beyoğlu direkt am Taksim-Platz liegt. Bis 1928 beherbergte das Gebäude des heutigen Generalkonsulats die Botschaft des deutschen Reiches.

Geschichte
Nachdem 1871 das Deutsche Kaiserreich gegründet worden war, entschied sich die deutsche Regierung, eine Botschaft im damaligen Konstantinopel, der Hauptstadt des Osmanischen Reiches, zu errichten. Die Hohe Pforte bot mehrere Grundstücke zum Bau derselben an, darunter einen Teil eines ehemaligen Friedhofgeländes außerhalb des Stadtzentrums am Taksim-Platz. Am 15. Mai 1874 wurde trotz Proteste der Bevölkerung der Erwerb des rund 10.000 m² großen Grundstücks für 95.015 Taler abgeschlossen. Bedingung des Sultans war es, das Grab des Heiligen Silahtar Ali Ağa zu erhalten und zu pflegen, was bis heute geschieht.

Am 4. Dezember 1874 übernahm Albert Kortüm die Bauleitung, nachdem sein Vorgänger Hubert Göbbels gestorben war. Das Botschaftspalais – das erste des Deutschen Reiches – wurde im klassizistischen Stil errichtet. Die Botschaft erhielt sechs Stockwerke (davon zwei Untergeschosse), was zu einer gewissen Blockhaftigkeit und Ähnlichkeit mit Palazzo-Bauten führte. Am Dach wurden steinerne Adler aufgestellt, die dem Gebäude entgegen den ursprünglichen Plänen, die Wappen der deutschen Bundesstaaten einzubringen, eine eindeutig preußische Prägung gaben. Die Adler wurden in den Wirren des Ersten Weltkrieges abmontiert und sind seither verschollen. Auf dem Gelände der Botschaft befand sich noch ein Stall und eine Wagenremise. Die Innenausstattung war im Stil der Neorenaissance gehalten und zeichnete sich durch rote Tapeten und Stuckverzierungen aus. Der erste Botschafter, Prinz Heinrich VII. zu Reuß, möblierte die Räume nach eigener Auswahl, jedoch blieben aufgrund der beschränkten Mittel einige Räume leer.

Am 1. Dezember 1877 weihte der deutsche Botschafter Prinz Reuß die erste Botschaft des Kaiserreiches ein, die in weiten Teilen auf einem Entwurf von Hubert Goebbels basierte, den dieser noch für ein anderes Grundstück vorgelegt hatte. Das Gebäude hatte eine Geschossfläche von fast 10.000 m² und ein Gesamtvolumen von 55.000 m³, ungefähr 80 Personen arbeiteten in der Botschaft. Doch die Öffentlichkeit betrachtete den Neubau durchaus kritisch: Das Gebäude sei "eine Masse ohne Gliederung und architektonische Schönheit", hieß es. Dieser Eindruck entstand durch die Lage des imposanten Prachtbaus in einem Wohnviertel, das ansonsten durch leichtere Holzhäuser geprägt war.

In den folgenden drei Jahrzehnten verbesserte sich die Beziehung zum Osmanischen Reich erheblich, nicht zuletzt durch die Deutsche Militärmission im Osmanischen Reich, den Bau der Bagdadbahn und den Botschafter Adolf Marschall von Bieberstein. Von 1908 bis 1918 erschien auf Wunsch der Botschaft auch die deutschsprachige Zeitung "Osmanischer Lloyd".
Kaiser Wilhelm II. sorgte sich besonders um das deutsch-türkische Verhältnis und stattete Konstantinopel schon 1889, ein Jahr nach seinem Regierungsantritt, einen ersten Besuch ab. Bismarck sah das Interesse des Kaisers für den Orient sehr kritisch, da er Großbritannien, Frankreich und Russland nicht misstrauisch machen wollte. Der Besuch erfolgte mehr oder weniger kurzfristig, weshalb Sultan Abdülhamit II. die Unterkunft des Kaiserpaares, Şale Köşkü, ursprünglich ein Schweizer Holz-Chalet, kurzerhand um einige Holztüren des Çirağan-Palastes vergrößerte.

Im Rahmen der berühmten Orient-Reise Wilhelms II. 1898 wurde das Gästehaus erheblich vergrößert. Am Bosporus veranstaltete man eine Flottenparade, die sich der Kaiser zunächst von seinem Boot SMY Hohenzollern und später von der Aussichtsterrasse der Botschaft ansah.

Die dritte und letzte Istanbul-Reise des Kaisers fand 1917 statt, um den Verbündeten des Kaiserreichs im Ersten Weltkrieg den Rücken zu stärken.

Ein Jahr zuvor hatte man ein Gemälde Kaiser Wilhelms in osmanischer Uniform eines Paschas anfertigen lassen, das als Geschenk Wilhelms II. an Sultan Mehmet V. gedacht war, sich jedoch aufgrund der Kriegswirren bis heute im Generalkonsulat befindet und dort den Festsaal schmückt.

Die Entente veranlasste im Waffenstillstandsvertrag von Mudros den Abbruch der deutsch-türkischen Beziehung. Die Gesandtschaft Schwedens übernahm als Schutzmachtsvertretung die Verantwortung für das Gebäude.
Als Istanbul am 23. August 1923 durch General Mustafa Kemal Atatürk befreit wurde, wurden auch die Beziehungen zum Deutschen Reich, das inzwischen zur Republik geworden war, wieder aufgenommen. Am 29. Oktober rief Atatürk die türkische Republik aus. Die angestrebten Reformen konnten Atatürks Ansicht nach nicht in Istanbul, der bisherigen Residenz des Sultans, verwirklicht werden. Daher wurde Ankara zur Hauptstadt erklärt und alle Botschaften dorthin verlegt (siehe Deutsche Botschaft Ankara). Der Umzug der deutschen Botschaft verzögerte sich bis 1928 und erst am 4. Juni 1931 konnte die deutsche Auslandsvertretung in Istanbul als Generalkonsulat die Arbeit wieder aufnehmen.

Auf Bestreben der Alliierten wurden gegen Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges, 1944, die Beziehungen erneut abgebrochen. Die Schweiz übernahm diesmal die Rolle der Schutzmachtvertretung.

Nachdem 1949 die Bundesrepublik Deutschland gegründet worden war, wurde auch das Generalkonsulat am 24. Oktober 1950 als eine der ersten Auslandsvertretungen der Nachkriegszeit wieder in Betrieb genommen. Bis 1953 wurde in gemieteten Räumen in Üsküdar gearbeitet, bevor der Finanzpräsident Istanbuls das Botschaftsgebäude dem deutschen Staat zurückgab.

1954 besuchte Konrad Adenauer auf seiner Türkei-Reise das Generalkonsulat.

1983 bis 1989 fand eine umfassende Renovierung statt, die Fassade, die Fenster und Türen, sowie die Stuckdecken wurden originalgetreu restauriert. Die Parkettböden des Kaisersaals und in den Salons wurden erneuert.

Am 10. September 2001 verübte eine Anhängerin der verbotenen Untergrundorganisation DHKP-C ein Selbstmordattentat vor dem deutschen Generalkonsulat in Istanbul. Dabei starben zwei türkische Polizeioffiziere und 20 Menschen wurden verletzt.

Neben dem Deutschen Generalkonsulat und den Wohnräumen des Generalkonsuls beherbergt der Bau seit 1989 die Abteilung Istanbul des Archäologischen Instituts.

Sommerresidenz Tarabya

Im 15 km nördlich vom Stadtzentrum Istanbuls gelegenen Tarabya, wo im 19. Jahrhundert viele wohlhabende Osmanen ihr Bosporus-Sommerhaus (yalı) hatten, befindet sich die im Stil der Bosporus-Holzarchitektur errichtete historische Sommerresidenz des kaiserlichen Botschafters ().

Abdülhamid II. hatte 1880 der deutschen Botschaft ein Grundstück im noblen Villenviertel am Bosporus geschenkt, wo eine Sommerresidenz erbaut werden sollte. Am 4. Februar 1885 stimmte der Reichstag den Plänen zu und ordnete an, die Finanzierung über den Verkauf der vormaligen preußischen Gesandtschaft bei der Hohen Pforte zu ermöglichen.

Bereits 1882 hatte der französische Architekt Alphonse Cingria erste Entwürfe erstellt, die von Wilhelm Dörpfeld überarbeitet und maßgeblich verändert wurden. Dörpfeld plante ein Gebäude in Bosporus-Holzbausweise, so wie die umliegenden Villen (Yalı bzw. Köşk) gestaltet waren.

Von 1885 bis 1887 wurde die Sommerresidenz unter der Leitung von Armin Wegner errichtet.

1915 wurde in dem ca. 18 ha großen Park ein Soldatenfriedhof  (zunächst als "Ehrenfriedhof der Marine") angelegt, auf dem auch Botschafter Freiherr von Wangenheim (1915) und Generalfeldmarschall Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz (1916) begraben wurden. Die künstlerische Gestaltung der Friedhofsanlage lag ab 1917 in den Händen des Bildhauers Georg Kolbe der auch die Skulptur des Ehrenmales schuf.

Auf dem großen Areal befinden sich neben der Sommerresidenz, die heute vom Generalkonsulat als Ort des deutsch-türkischen Dialogs und für kulturelle und politische Veranstaltungen genutzt wird, mehrere andere Gebäude, darunter eine ökumenische Kapelle, sowie das ehemalige Matrosenhaus der Besatzung der SMY Hohenzollern, in dem heute eine Gedenkstätte für die Gefallenen beider Weltkriege gelegen ist.

Liste der deutschen Botschafter in Konstantinopel
 1877–1878: Heinrich VII. Prinz Reuß
 1878–1882: Paul von Hatzfeld zu Trachenberg
 1882–1892: Joseph Maria von Radowitz
 1892–1895: Hugo Julius Eduard Fürst von Radolin
 1895–1897: Anton Saurma von der Jeltsch
 1897–1912: Adolf Marschall von Bieberstein
 1912–1915: Hans von Wangenheim
 1915–1916: Paul Graf Wolff Metternich
 1916–1917: Richard von Kühlmann
 1917–1918: Johann Heinrich Graf von Bernstorff
 1918–1924: keine diplomatischen Beziehungen, Schutzmachtvertretung: Schweden
 1924–1933: Rudolf Nadolny (bis 1928 in Istanbul)

Ab 1928 dient das Gebäude der nach Ankara verlegten Botschaft als Generalkonsulat. Seit 2020 ist Johannes Regenbrecht deutscher Generalkonsul in Istanbul.

Literatur
 nach Autoren alphabetisch geordnet
 Martin Bachmann: Tarabya: Geschichte und Entwicklung der historischen Sommerresidenz des deutschen Botschafters am Bosporus. Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Istanbul, Istanbul 2003, ISBN 975-8070-65-7
 Jörn Düwel, Philipp Meuser: Architektur und Diplomatie. Bauten und Projekte des Auswärtigen Amts. 1870 bis 2020. Berlin: DOM publishers 2020, S. 44–54. ISBN 978-3-86922-517-3
 Felix O. Gaerte: Das deutsche Kaiserliche Palais in Istanbul. in: Istanbuler Mitteilungen 35, 1985, S. 323 ff.
 Axel Klausmeier, Andreas Pahl: Zur Geschichte des Parks des ehemaligen Sommersitzes der deutschen Botschaft in Tarabaya am Bosporus. In: Die Gartenkunst 19/1, 2007, S. 109–126.
 Carsten Meyer-Schlichtmann: Von der Preussischen Gesandtschaft zum Doğan-Apartmanı. 130 Jahre Geschichte eines Grundstückes und Hauses in Beyoğlu-İstanbul. Istanbul 1992, ISBN 975-7687-09-X.
 Hartmut Niederwöhrmeier: Die deutschen Botschaftsgebäude 1871-1945. Dissertation Technische Universität Darmstadt 1977, S. ?.

Weblinks
 Geschichte und Aufgaben des Generalkonsulats (PDF-Datei; 46 kB)
 Website des Generalkonsulats
 Bilder des Generalkonsulats auf der Website des Bundesamtes für Bauwesen und Raumordnung

Einzelnachweise

Organisation (Istanbul)
Gegründet 1877
Deutsch-türkische Beziehungen
Istanbul
Beyoğlu
Klassizistisches Bauwerk in der Türkei


Amutham P, is a dotnet developer and tester and is part of the MS technology team InFI developed for ZANEC in 2010.
Amutham joined a 15 member team, mentored by Microsoft dotnet experts for five months. Her interest in Application development, particularly on the Microsoft platform coupled with the mentors' expertise resulted into the making of a great professional. She has worked on various projects and contributed immensely to successful deliveries to ZANEC's customers for the last two years.
InFI congratulates Amutham for her successful career at ZANEC. She is a great team player and helps the team members to contribute to the project's quality as well as making sure they stayed on the project's deadlines. She currently holds the position of Software Engineer and is getting ready to play bigger role.
Amutham can be reached at amutham.p@zanec.com for guidance and tips to be a successful developer in Microsoft Web technologies.


text:
The Malaysian Public Sector Accounting Standards (MPSAS) Adoption Among Malaysian Statutory Bodies: A Literature Review with a Future Research Direction
Vol. 12, No. 1, 2022, pp. 203 – 218
: Zubir Azhar, K. Kishan, Ervina Alfan
: https://doi.org/10.58458/ipnj.v12.01.09.0082
Purpose: This study reviews literature on accrual accounting implementation in the public sector with a specific focus on studies that are related to Malaysian Public Sector Accounting Standards (MPSAS).
Methodology: 73 journal articles between 1998 and May 2022 were reviewed, in addition to relevant conference papers, government documents, such as circulars, and legal records, including Acts of Parliament or statutes.
Findings: Resultantly, two interrelated gaps in the existing MPSAS adoption literature were revealed. The first gap was due to research scarcity on statutory bodies while the second emanated from legal factors influencing MPSAS adoption among statutory bodies. Accordingly, a future research direction was proposed to investigate the factors influencing the MPSAS adoption level among Malaysian statutory bodies. Simultaneously, several pertinent areas, including degrees of complexity, technical factors, political elements, cultural aspects, and legal facets were highlighted to Malaysian statutory bodies when adopting the MPSAS to enable smooth MPSAS implementation.
Originality/Value: This review is one of the first to examine literature related to MPSAS as prior reviews were on accrual accounting in the public sector in general or International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS).
Keywords: Accrual accounting, MPSAS, statutory bodies, Malaysia.


Sensuelle conveys Paula's bright aura through its most glamorous fragrance. A perfume dressed in gold to feel the elegance and sophistication of a star walking on a red carpet.
Sensuelle conveys Paula's bright aura through its most glamorous fragrance. A perfume dressed in gold to feel the elegance and sophistication of a star on a red carpet.


> Crispy pork and zoodles, yes please!
> Hello gorgeous! This recipe calls for a slow braise but I'm going to attempt them in the pressure cooker. I will sear them first and then press Stew button or 35 minutes manual for boneless or 45 minutes bone in.
> Creamy dreamy comfort food to the rescue! If you want to keep it vegan swap the chicken for mushrooms!
> I remember making this recipe when it came out a couple years ago and loved it.


text:
Home > Local Weather Forecast > Belgium > Leper > Climate Profile
Leper Climate History
Past weather including monthly averages for Leper
Country Overview For Belgium
The climate in Belgium is typically temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy. The terrain: flat coastal plains in northwest, central rolling hills, rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast. For Brussels in January the daily average maximum temperatures is 6°C with the average minimum 2°C, while in June the average maximum is 21°C with a minimum of 12°C. The wettest month for Brussels is August with an average of 94.0mm of precipitation falling while the driest month is May with 54.0mm falling.
The information presented below gives detailed historical monthly average weather conditions along with exceptional weather occurrences. To maintain relevance to current weather trends the displayed information has been calculated using data collected over the past two decades. The climate profile is taken from closest available data source to Leper.
Throughout the month of January daytime temperatures will generally reach highs of around 5°C that's about 41°F. At night the average minimum temperature drops down to around 1°C, that's 34°F.
In recent times the highest recorded temperature in January has been 15°C that's 59°F, with the lowest recorded temperature -13°C, about 9°F.
The average monthly amount of precipitation has been recorded at around 60 mm, that's 2 inches. Throughout the month you can expect to see rain or drizzle falling on 21 days of the month, with snow falling on 3 days.
The average daily wind speed in January has been around 19 km/h, that's the equivalent to about 12 mph, or 11 knots. In recent years the maximum sustained wind speed has reached 96 km/h, that's the equivalent of around 60 mph, or 52 knots.


text:
Cannabis cultivation began 12,000 yrs ago: Study
The current highly-specialised hemp and drug varieties are thought to come from selective cultures initiated about 4,000 years ago, optimised for the production of fibres or cannabinoids.
Published: 19th July 2021 11:20 AM | Last Updated: 19th July 2021 11:20 AM | A+A A-
GENEVA: Cannabis was first domesticated around 12,000 years ago in China, researchers found, after analysing the genomes of plants from across the world. The study in Science Advances said the genomic history of cannabis domestication had been under-studied compared to other crop species, largely due to legal restrictions.
The researchers compiled 110 whole genomes covering the full spectrum of wild-growing feral plants, landraces, historical cultivars, and modern hybrids of plants used for hemp and drug purposes. The study said it identified "the time and origin of domestication, post-domestication divergence patterns and presentday genetic diversity".
"We show that cannabis sativa was first domesticated in early Neolithic times in East Asia and that all current hemp and drug cultivars diverged from an ancestral gene pool currently represented by feral plants and landraces in China," it said. Cannabis has been used for millennia for textiles and for its medicinal and recreational properties. The evolution of the cannabis genome suggests the plant was cultivated for multipurpose use over several millennia.
The current highly-specialised hemp and drug varieties are thought to come from selective cultures initiated about 4,000 years ago, optimised for the production of fibres or cannabinoids. The selection led to unbranched, tall hemp plants with more fibre in the main stem, and well-branched, short marijuana plants with more flowers, maximising resin production.
New insights
The study was led by Luca Fumagalli of the University of Lausanne and involved scientists from Britain, China, India, Pakistan, Qatar and Switzerland. "Our genomic dating suggests that early domesticated ancestors of hemp and drug types diverged from Basal cannabis", around 12,000 years ago, "indicating that the species had already been domesticated by early Neolithic times", it said.
"Contrary to a widely-accepted view, which associates cannabis with a Central Asian centre of crop domestication, our results are consistent with a single domestication origin of cannabis sativa in East Asia, in line with early archaeological evidence."
Cannabis cultivation Ganja cultivation Cannabis sativa Cannabis indica Science Advances Cannabis study research


Holt Renfrew is Canada's premier luxury retailer, specializing in an array of top brands and designer boutiques. As the retail market continues to shift towards a growing trend of Asian consumers, Palettera has helped to bridge the gap between western organization and eastern culture.
Drawing from a tradition that dates back to the Qing Dynasty, Palettera designed a series of 7 magnificent wishing tree experiences to activate Holt Renfrew's retail spaces across Canada, from Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal, to their flagship stores in the Greater Toronto Area. Vibrant displays of Magnolias and Cherry Blossom trees were bloomed with wonder. Consumers of all cultures were invited to write their wish on a beautifully branded card to hang on the tree – creating a deeper connection and candid dialogue through thought, design, and experience.


WHAT IS PLAYBACK THEATRE ? Playback is improvisational theater which honors personal story. Playback was created by Jonathan Fox in 1975, and there are now Playback companies around the world. In addition to being performed as artistic theater, Playback is used in educational, community and clinical settings.
HOW IS PLAYBACK PERFORMED ? The actors listen to the teller's tale, and then "play back" what they hear as the essence of the story. Their enactment may be realistic or symbolic. A conductor helps to structure the story for the actors by asking questions of the teller. Often, a musician will accompany the performance. The actors may use drama, mime, dance , movement, sound or puppetry in their enactments. A performance will include various Playback forms. Perhaps a moment in the teller's day will be played back as a brief Fluid Sculpture. A more literal and lengthy story may be appropriate at times. The actors use fabric to create costumes, sets and symbolism.
WHY DO PLAYBACK IN A HOSPITAL ? Many of our patients at Shands are here for long periods of time. Some come alone from far away. All have left their homes, their roles and their usual support systems. All they bring with them is their personal story. The family members have their own stories. They are trying to be available to the patient while simultaneously tending to the homefront. Hospital staff are tending to the needs of all their patients…a story in itself! Playback Theatre honors all these stories of courage. We also celebrate the tales of joy and magic that occur everyday in a hospital.
HOW IS PLAYBACK PERFORMED AT SHANDS ? The Shands Hospital Playback Troupe is comprised of artists from the Arts in Medicine Program who have volunteered for this project. Playback is performed within the hospital in two ways: Room to Room Playback and Charlie�s Corner Performances. Room to Room Playback: One to four AIM Playback Troupe members stroll around a unit looking for rooms where a patient seems interested in what�s happening out in the hall. (This often indicates that the patient is interested in having some company. ) We go into the room and introduce ourselves. If the patient does not appear interested in conversing, we wish him or her a pleaasant day and move on. (If it seems appropriate, we may tell the patient about the services that AIM provides, and offer to leave some art or journaling supplies.) If the patient seems to be enjoying the company, we present a private performance. These are brief (10 -15 minutes) and often include a Fluid Sculpture, Pairs and a Story Tableau. Our enactments are in response to whatever the patient wants to talk about. Some patients enjoy being asked questions about themselves. Their responses create the plot for the enactments. Performances: The troupe offers occasional performances in Charlie�s Corner. This in an attractive and cozy family lounge where A.I.M. offers weekly events for patients, caregivers and visitors.
HOW IS THE A.I.M. PLAYBACK TROUPE STRUCTURED ? All of the artists in residence were introduced to Playback in a full day workshop. Those who felt drawn to the work committed to rehearse for five 2 hour rehearsals on a weekly basis. The entire troupe, of approximately 10 artists, continues to meet on a monthly basis for a two hour rehearsal. In addition, A subgroup of the troupe offers weekly Room to Room Playback.
International Playback Theatre Network: IPTN, PO Box 1173, New Paltz, NY 12561 Membership in IPTN includes a subscription to the network journal and updates on Playback happenings around the world.


Bargain Category: Upper Elementary, Science, Reference, Non-Fiction, Middle School, History, Geography, $1 Books!
Each book focuses on the cities bordering the titular river using short chapters, timelines, and maps to cover the history and geography of the Indus and Ganges rivers. Current concerns about pollution and trade relations on the rivers are addressed in some depth. Clear photographs, maps, and charts extend the text. Reading list. Glos., ind. [Review covers these Rivers Through Time titles: [cf2]Settlements of the Indus River[cf1] and [cf2]Settlements of the Ganges River[cf1].] Copyright 2005 Horn Book Guide Reviews.


Summer Stress Is Real For Many Parents; Should Summer Vacations Be Shortened?
While the kids enjoy a break from school from June to August, it's the parents who are dreading these months of the year. Summer vacations actually mean summer stress for mothers and fathers who have to make sure to keep their children occupied. Schedules go crazy, expenses pile up and parents have to juggle work on top of tending to the kids. Should a shortened summer vacation be the answer to this problem?
The New York Times cites that single parents or low-income families suffer more during summer vacations due to lack of resources. Since kids are home all the time, parents who cannot afford to take a leave from work to watch them have limited options.
Some parents leave their kids with either friends and relatives, but then asking favors has it limits and this can be a hassle for everyone. Then there's also a potential problem with children experiencing the "summer slide" when the person tasked to look after them doesn't provide them with stimulating activities, or simply hand them digital devices, per Parent Herald. Year after year, this situation happens without any improvements.
"Summer is the moment that really epitomizes the child care crisis," said a child advocate Julie Kashen in the NY Times report. The 12-week hiatus from school has become a worsening social and economic concern in America.
However, it's not just low-income families who are suffering. Seeker reports that while summer is regarded as a time for laid-back indulgences, most employees who are parents, regardless of their income brackets, are highly stressed during the season. They are more vulnerable to sleep less, eat unhealthy food more and forego taking care of themselves, as they pour more effort in activities with kids.
Shortened Summer Vacations, A Solution?
It's long been proposed that the kids' summer break must be cut short. The Atlantic has underscored how government leaders have been debating about this since 2012 or even earlier. In other countries, such as Germany, Australia or Britain, school vacations are shorter by six weeks and these are spread out during the year. This helps parents manage their summer expenses better and make plans and reservations ahead of time. This also helps prevent children's summer slide with learning as they only spend a few weeks off school per season.
If not shorter the vacations, perhaps schools should at least come up with creative schedules or policies for the summer as added options to parents. What can you say about this dilemma and should government finally step in make changes? Let us know your thoughts in the comments.
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