text:
Tennessee vs Mississippi State Preview
It's youth vs youth Saturday night in Knoxville.
By Will Shelton Jan 20, 2017, 8:00am EST
Share All sharing options for: Tennessee vs Mississippi State Preview
Brett Rojo-USA TODAY Sports
Ben Howland's second team started 3-2 with a 25-point loss to Central Florida and a 14-point home loss to Lehigh. It was easy to write them off. But they're 9-3 since then with a two-point loss to ETSU, a 10-point setback to Alabama to open SEC play, and an 88-81 loss to Kentucky. A win at Arkansas last week made you pay attention, and the Bulldogs bookended it with victories over LSU and Texas A&M to go to 3-2 in league play.
Sophomore guard Quinndary Weatherspoon leads the Bulldogs with 17.7 points per game and 45.2% from the arc. Their roster looks a lot like ours: nine freshmen and four sophomores, with senior guard I.J. Ready the only upperclassman in the rotation. They have been particularly good defending the three, allowing teams to shoot just 31.3% from the arc this year. As we know that isn't a particular strength of Tennessee's, but MSU's perimeter defense won't help.
What needs to start helping Tennessee again is the free throw line. A 13-of-24 performance at Ole Miss was out of character for a team shooting 74.3% for the season. But perhaps more importantly, the Vols must get better at defending without fouling. Tennessee has been whistled 140 times in six SEC games, leading the league with honor. Grant Williams leads the team as you might expect (3.1 per game), but Lamonte Turner and Shembari Phillips are close behind. Lew Evans averages 10.3 fouls per 40 minutes in league play. I'm not even mad, that's impressive.
If the Vols get a little better at helping themselves, they should have every opportunity to beat Mississippi State at home. It wouldn't be the worst thing to see this one come down to the wire and the Vols be the more poised team this time around, something we've really only seen against ETSU in victory. Tennessee's other significant wins (Georgia Tech, at A&M, at Vandy) all featured big late leads via plenty of poise in the first 36 minutes. But there should be plenty more close games on this schedule, and we may need Tennessee's freshmen to be better in the final minutes than Mississippi State's.
Saturday, 6:00 PM ET, SEC Network.


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Your health care provider has recommended observation for you or your child so we can do some additional testing and/or observe you or your child's response to treatment. Observation requires a brief hospital stay, which might include time overnight in a hospital bed.
A decision to order observation is based on the seriousness of the condition and the testing, treatment or close monitoring needed. When someone is under observation, health care providers may continue testing to find the cause of symptoms or to provide treatment that can be completed in a short period of time.
How does observation status affect the treatment you or your child receives in the hospital?
Our hospital provides all treatments your health care provider recommends, regardless of whether you or your child is here under observation or as an inpatient. Statuses such as inpatient and observation are required by insurance for billing.
What if you or your child's condition changes?
If you or your child's condition changes, or tests show that more treatment than originally expected is required, your health care provider will order inpatient admission. For most patients under observation, a decision is made within 24 hours to admit the patient or send the patient home.
Insurers consider care provided during observation an outpatient service. So coverage for observation is based on how your plan covers other outpatient services. That means your copays, co-insurance and deductibles for outpatient services may apply.
For more information on insurance coverage, please refer to your policy or call the number listed on your insurance member card.
During business hours: Call the care manager, 651-325-2323.
After business hours or on weekends: Speak with the charge nurse.
For concerns about your bill, call a Gillette financial specialist, 651-325-2177.
Refer to your Medicare & You handbook.
Call 1-800-MEDICARE (1-800-633-4227). TTY users may call 1-877-486-2048.


text:
Menstruation leave for women- proposal to President Featured
In addition to the entitled leave, the Women's and Children's Bureau has forwarded a proposal to President Maithripala Sirisena to grant women a day leave during their menstruation, according to ministry sources.
This suggestion has been made, taking into consideration the pressure women face during their menstruation.
If a woman suffers immense pain and discomfort during the first two days of menstruation, women in certain parts of China have been granted the opportunity of taking a day or two off work through special laws.
Therefore it is leant that taking into consideration the plight of women in this country, it would be highly appreciated if such provisions would be made for them, the letter has suggested.
For the women in Sri Lanka in addition to the normal holidays under maternity leave they are entitled to 84 days are granted with full pay, another 84 on half pay and a further 84 days no pay.
To be announced on May 1:
This issue will be discussed with the President and Prime Minister and measures will be taken to grant the women of this country menstruation leave, according to Presidential Secretariat sources.
It is expected that a decision in this regard will be announced on Labour Day on May 1, 2017
However, although attempts were made to contact the Women's and Children's Affairs Minister and the Labour Minister to obtain their views with regard to this proposal, our efforts proved futile.
More in this category: « 6 out of every 1000 infants suffer heart ailments Mahinda, Maithri visits Mangala (Pics) »

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Don Cayo: Congestion may signify better productivity, not worse
Don Cayo, Vancouver Sun columnist 06.12.2014
A study suggests congestion may have benefits, such as increased productivity.
Gerry Kahrmann / PNG
Metro Vancouver mayors propose tolls, carbon tax to fund $7.5-billion transit boost
Don Cayo: It's time to lighten up the heavy hand
Mario Canseco: Working at home would ease traffic woes
More roads or cheaper-to-use roads — ones without tolls, for example — lead to less productivity, not more, a recent study concludes.
If you think this sounds paradoxical, so does the study's author, Todd Litman of the Victoria Transport Institute. But he also offers several reasons why it's so.
For one thing, decisions to build roads or subsidize them by not charging users tends to come at the expense of other access options, things such as densification so people need not travel so far, or transit that provides more bang for the buck. These kinds of decisions are often based on politics, thus defying efficient market principles and undermining productivity.
As well, car travel is expensive. This means it increases costs borne by industry, and also sucks plenty of money from household budgets. Much of this money goes to car manufacturers outside the region or the country.
Litman concedes motor vehicle travel is economically important.
"It delivers raw materials to producers, goods to markets, employees to work, students to schools, and customers to markets. All else being equal, an increase in transport system efficiency should increase productivity."
However, cars and trucks aren't the only aspects of transport systems, only the most visible and costly.
And, "a significant portion of vehicle travel is economically inefficient: vehicle travel that consumers would forgo if they had better options and more efficient pricing. In such circumstances, policies that reduce vehicle travel can increase productivity and support economic development."
Conventional planners focus on things such as average travel speeds and delays, he notes. But mobility isn't the real need; access is, and it is affected by things such as the quality of other transportation modes, connectivity between modes and accessibility based on factors like density and land-use mix.
"Planning decisions often involve trade-offs between these," he says. "For example, expanding urban roadways tends to improve automobile access, but creates a barrier that reduces pedestrian and bicycle access, and therefore public transit access since most transit trips include walking and cycling links.
"Similarly, urban fringe locations that are easy to access by automobile tend to be difficult to access by other modes. As a result, the benefits of increased mobility are often partly offset by declines in other forms of access, reducing net efficiency gains."
To add to the paradoxes, he cites research demonstrating that:
• People in compact neighbourhoods experience less congestion than those in sprawling suburban ones.
• Increasing density increases the number of services and jobs available within 10 minutes travel time about 10 times more than proportional changes in traffic speed.
• Roadway expansions that stimulate sprawl increase travel times.
• U.S. cities with the most congestion have the best vehicle access "because their lower traffic speeds are more than offset by higher employment densities which reduce commute distances."
The nutshell conclusion is that future transportation investments should be tested against two principles, that the net result is a choice for consumers, and that it's priced efficiently "so society does not spend $2 on a good (such as roads and parking facilities) that users only value at $1."
It's interesting to speculate how these considerations would have played out in some recent road-related decisions in Metro Vancouver: the Golden Ears Bridge, which apparently many people value less than its costs, and the Port Mann Bridge, which may or may not just foster sprawl.
But it's even more interesting to contemplate how it could affect future decisions — and not just when it comes to road building.
Litman pointed out in an interview his research has major consequences for issues such as urban infill housing versus breaking new ground in the suburbs.
When you just count cars — or just listen to city residents going on about traffic concerns, as they are in my neighbourhood where a 22-storey rental building is nearing completion — infill doesn't look so good., especially when you consider that up to a quarter of the cost of a new building can be for underground parking.
"But when you look at what really matters, at the access that people have to the things they need, it makes much more sense," he said.
The good news from his research, he said, is that neighbourhood debates, which usually focus on conflicting short-term priorities, need not be zero-sum. Solutions can be found that result over time in stronger, better-off communities.
dcayo@vancouversun.com


text:
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp;

namespace ExperimentalTools.Roslyn.Features.AccessModifier.Actions
{
    internal class TypeToInternal : TypeActionProvider
    {
        public TypeToInternal() :
            base(Resources.ToInternal, SyntaxKind.InternalKeyword)
        {
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Trac: Different Gravatars for the same user.
Why does Trac show different Gravatars for the same user in the same ticket?
meta-2483.png (57.1 KB) - added by SergeyBiryukov 2 years ago.
2483.otto42-wporg.PNG (76.6 KB) - added by SergeyBiryukov 2 years ago.
2483.otto42-trac.PNG (15.2 KB) - added by SergeyBiryukov 2 years ago.
Could be related: @Otto42's WP.org profile shows a proper Gravatar, while Trac shows a fallback image.
Trac doesn't handle gravatars correctly because of the way we're doing it. It's complicated and weird.
This is actually a duplicate of #1462 and  should probably be reverted because dots are not allowed in user_nicename.
Trac: Holy can of worms batman!
Reverts  in favor of a more permanent solution in #1462.


text:
Rey de Reyes 2015 fue la decimonovena edición del Rey de Reyes, un evento de pago por visión de lucha libre profesional producido por Asistencia Asesoría y Administración. Tuvo lugar el 18 de marzo de 2015 desde Auditorio Benito Juárez en Zapopan, Jalisco. El evento especial es una lucha en la que el ganador se lleva la espada que lo acredita como el Rey de Reyes.

Originalmente, el evento estaba programado para el domingo 15 de marzo de 2015, pero debido al clima y los problemas con la obtención de documentación en orden, el espectáculo se pospuso para el 18 de marzo.

El evento marcó el regreso a la empresa Rey Mysterio Jr., luego de irse a la WWE y luego volver a principios de 2015. Debido a las fechas de mudanza, el combate entre El Patrón Alberto y Brian Cage fue cancelado, teniendo el reemplazado con un combate entre Blue Demon Jr. y Villano IV.

También marca la última aparición para El Hijo del Perro Aguayo antes de que muriera tres días después.

Resultados
 Venum y Ludxor derrotaron a Carta Brava Jr. y El Apache.
 Ludxor cubrió a Apache después de un «Tirabuzón».
 Mascarita Sagrada, Pimpinela Escarlata y Faby Apache derrotaron a Mini Abismo Negro, Black Mamba y Taya en una lucha de Relevos Atómicos de Locura.
 Escarlata cubrió a Mini Abismo.
 Bengala, Drago y Súper Nova derrotaron a Daga, El Hijo de Pirata Morgan y Súper Fly.
 Ludxor cubrió a Apache después de un «Tirabuzón».
 El Hijo del Fantasma (c) derrotó a Fénix y retuvo el Campeonato Mundial de Peso Crucero de AAA.
 Fantasma cubrió a Fénix después de un «Piledriver».
 Después de la lucha, Fénix le dio un abrazo a Fantasma en señal de respeto aunque era una trampa para que La Sociedad (Dorian Roldán, Konnan, Taya y El Hijo del Perro Aguayo) intentara atacar, pero aparece Rey Mysterio Jr. a salir a detenerlos.
 Blue Demon Jr. derrotó a Villano IV.
 Demon forzó a Villano a rendirse con un «Three-quarter facelock».
  Los Güeros del Cielo (Angélico & Jack Evans) y La Parka derrotaron a Hell Brothers (Averno, Chessman & Cibernético).
 La Parka cubrió a Cibernético después de un «Spinning headlock elbow drop».
 Durante la lucha, El Mesías intervino a favor de los Hell Brothers.
 Después de la lucha, El Mesías y Hell Brothers atacaron a La Parka y a Blue Demon.
 El Texano Jr. derrotó a Aero Star, Psycho Clown y El Mesías en un Fatal 4-Way Elimination Match y ganó el torneo de Rey de Reyes 2015.
 Mesías cubrió a Star después de un «Sharpshooter».
 Clown cubrió a Mesías después de una «Desnucadora».
 Texano cubrió a Clown después de un «Powerbomb».
 Durante la lucha, La Parka ataca con una silla a Mesías.
 Rey Mysterio Jr. y Myzteziz derrotaron a Pentagón Jr. y El Hijo del Perro Aguayo.
 Msterio cubrió a Pentagón después de un «Canadian Destroyer».
 Esta fue la última lucha de Perro Aguayo hasta el 21 de marzo, debido su fallecimiento.

Referencias

Rey de Reyes (AAA)
PPVs de la AAA
Lucha libre profesional en 2015

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Edgewell Personal Care to Pursue Standalone Value Creation Strategy
February 10, 2020, 6:21 AM ·7 min read
Terminates Merger Agreement with Harry's, Inc.
SHELTON, Conn., Feb. 10, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Edgewell Personal Care Company (NYSE: EPC) today announced that following the U.S. Federal Trade Commission's ("FTC") filing of a lawsuit seeking to block the proposed transaction, Edgewell terminated its merger agreement with Harry's, Inc. Harry's has informed the Company that it intends to pursue litigation. The Company believes that such litigation has no merit.
Edgewell Personal Care Company logo (PRNewsFoto/Edgewell Personal Care Company)
Edgewell is now moving forward as a standalone company and is pursuing its strategy to create value for shareholders.
"We are disappointed by the FTC's decision and continue to disagree with its position," said Rod Little, Edgewell's President and Chief Executive Officer. "After extensive consideration and discussion, and given the inherent uncertainty of a potential trial, the required investment of resources and time and the distraction that a continuing court battle would entail, we determined that proceeding with our standalone strategy is the best course of action for Edgewell and our shareholders."
Mr. Little continued, "Edgewell is moving forward standalone with a strong foundation, a revamped management team and improving underlying performance, and we are confident in our ability to create value. We are committed to building a next generation CPG company by leveraging our core strengths, strategically adding to our capabilities and increasing engagement with consumers and retailers to enhance our ability to drive growth and value creation."
Edgewell Has a Strong Foundation and Clear Plan to Drive Growth and Value Creation
Leveraging its Global Scale. Edgewell operates in more than 20 countries with extensive retail reach across 50 countries. The Company has a diversified revenue profile across geographies and segments. North America represents about 60% of the Company's global revenue and its international businesses contributes 40%. By segment, the Wet Shave business represents nearly 60% of its revenue and the Sun Care and Feminine Care segments add up to more than 40% of its revenue.
Building on Unparalleled Technology and Intellectual Property. The Company's technology stack and intellectual property provide clear competitive advantages and an ability to repeatedly bring innovation to the categories. Consistently producing high quality, durable blades is a requirement for sustainable growth in the Wet Shave category, and as such, Edgewell is well positioned for continued success. Additionally, the Company has three different R&D facilities and a leading Sun Care formulation capability.
Focusing on Core Categories. The actions the Company has taken to refine its portfolio position it well in its core categories: Grooming, Sun & Skin Care and Feminine Care. With the successful divestiture of the Infant Care business in the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company is focused on and further investing in growth in support of its strong stable of brands, including Schick, Wilkinson Sword, Banana Boat, Hawaiian Tropic and Playtex, as well as its newer brands, including Bulldog and Jack Black.
Operating Efficiently. The Company is continuing to implement Project Fuel, an enterprise-wide transformational initiative, launched in the second fiscal quarter of 2018, to address all aspects of Edgewell's business and cost structure, simplifying and transforming the organization, structure and key processes. Through expected annual gross savings of $225 to $240 million in total by the end of the 2021 fiscal year, Project Fuel is facilitating further re-investment in the Company's growth strategy while enabling Edgewell to achieve its desired future state operations.
Maintaining a Strong Financial Position. The Company maintains a solid balance sheet, has a strong credit profile and continues to generate significant cash flows. The Company is already working to put in place an optimized capital structure to appropriately support the strategic needs of the business going forward.
Executing a Balanced Capital Allocation Strategy. The Company's strong free cash flow generation and leverage position provide flexibility to allocate capital to the areas of highest returns. The Company's primary use of capital will continue to be investing appropriately in the long-term, sustainable growth of the business, both organic and through disciplined M&A. The Company will use a balanced approach to opportunistically return capital to shareholders.
Benefiting from new leadership team. The Company has revamped its leadership team over the last 18 months with key changes, including a new CEO, CFO, COO and GC, new head of global operations, a new global innovation and marketing leader, as well as new Board members. The Company is working to identify quickly a new leader for its North American business, with focus on a seasoned, dynamic leader who has the right complement of sales and marketing expertise required to lead the business forward in this important geography.
Mr. Little concluded, "I want to personally thank Andy and Jeff, the Co-CEO's of Harry's, for all of their collective efforts in working to get this deal done over the past months. Having said that, we will now move forward with urgency to further strengthen our business, refine our strategic priorities and create sustainable shareholder value. We are focused on innovating and building brands consumers love, strengthening our strategic partnerships with retailers, continuing to simplify through Project Fuel and maintaining a strong financial position. We will also ensure that we continue investing in our people and have top-talent in critical commercial roles. We understand our strengths and know the areas of our business where we can improve performance and are pleased with the progress we are making. In short, we are confident we are well positioned to succeed."
About Edgewell
Edgewell (NYSE: EPC) is a leading pure-play consumer products company with an attractive, diversified portfolio of established brand names such as Schick® and Wilkinson Sword® men's and women's shaving systems and disposable razors; Edge® and Skintimate® shave preparations; Playtex®, Stayfree®, Carefree® and o.b.® feminine care products; Banana Boat®, Hawaiian Tropic®, Bulldog® and Jack Black® sun and skin care products, and Wet Ones® moist wipes. The Company has a broad global footprint and operates in more than 50 markets, including the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Germany, Japan, the U.K. and Australia, with approximately 6,000 employees worldwide.
This press release contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. You should not place undue reliance on these statements. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of words or phrases such as "believe," "expect," "expectation," "anticipate," "may," "could," "intend," "belief," "estimate," "plan," "target," "predict," "likely," "will," "should," "forecast," "outlook," or other similar words or phrases. These statements are not based on historical facts, but instead reflect the Company's expectations, estimates or projections concerning future results or events, including, without limitation, the future earnings and performance of Edgewell or any of its businesses. These statements are not guarantees of performance and are inherently subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict and could cause the Company's actual results to differ materially from those indicated by those statements. The Company cannot assure you that any of its expectations, estimates or projections will be achieved. The forward-looking statements included in this document are only made as of the date of this document and the Company disclaims any obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement to reflect subsequent events or circumstances, except as required by law.
In addition, other risks and uncertainties not presently known to the Company or that it presently considers immaterial could significantly affect the accuracy of any such forward-looking statements. Risks and uncertainties include those detailed from time to time in the Company's publicly filed documents, including in Item 1A. Risk Factors of Part I of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 26, 2019.
View original content to download multimedia:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/edgewell-personal-care-to-pursue-standalone-value-creation-strategy-301001813.html
SOURCE Edgewell Personal Care Company
Southwest Airlines to vaccinate employees against COVID-19 for free
Stock market news live updates: Stocks drift near records as Biden prepares to sign more executive orders addressing pandemic
America's mood has improved on coronavirus, jobs, and more as President Biden era begins
FuelCell Energy fell sharply Thursday after the fuel cell power equipment maker reported a wider-than-expected loss in the fourth quarter. Plug recently traded at $59.36, down 5.02%, and has taken off 284% over the three months through Wednesday.
Inovio's stock falls after it announces public offering
Shares of Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc. were down 5.1% in premarket trading on Thursday, the day after the company announced a public offering of 17,700,000 shares at $8.50 per share. The stock closed Wednesday at $9.72. Inovio said it will use the proceeds to support its clinical pipeline, which includes ongoing development of its COVID-19 vaccine candidate, which is currently being tested in a mid-stage clinical trial, and general corporate expenses. The offering is expected to close Jan. 25. Inovio's stock has rallied 173.0% over the past year, while the S&P 500 is up 14.5%
(Bloomberg) -- Dennis Muilenburg, the former chief executive officer of Boeing Co. who stepped down during the 737 Max crisis, is close to filing for a blank-check company, according to people with knowledge of the matter.Muilenburg, who resigned in 2019 from Boeing's board and top job, plans to raise about $200 million in a special purpose acquisition company, one of the people said, asking not to be identified because the matter is private.The vehicle could file as early as next week, the people said, and will focus on finding targets in futuristic transportation.Muilenburg couldn't be reached for comment.Prominent figures from the business, politics and sports worlds have been rushing into the SPAC market since last year partly due to the lucrative payout for managing these vehicles.The former Boeing chief was ousted in late 2019 after fumbling the planemaker's response to two deadly 737 Max accidents and their aftermath. At the aviation titan, Muilenburg was an enthusiastic supporter of autonomous flying vehicles and the air-traffic control technology that would one day allow them to whisk urban commuters over traffic-clogged streets.Muilenburg surfaced last month as an investor and adviser to Monarch Tractor, a Silicon Valley startup that is developing an all-electric tractor that is "driver optional." The engineer by training formed a consulting business last year and is working with about a dozen firms after a 35-year career at Chicago-based Boeing.Mired in crisis by the 20-month Max grounding and Covid-pandemic, the U.S. manufacturer last year folded its Boeing NeXt venture capital arm. Under Muilenburg, the unit had pursued joint ventures with the likes of Kitty Hawk, a futuristic aircraft maker backed by Alphabet Inc. co-founder Larry Page.For more articles like this, please visit us at bloomberg.comSubscribe now to stay ahead with the most trusted business news source.©2021 Bloomberg L.P.
Options traders look to be preparing for further falls in bitcoin's price in the short-term, according to put-call skew data.


text:
L'immeuble à vélos est un immeuble d'habitation situé 6 avenue Marie-Reynoard à Grenoble au sein du quartier Vigny-Musset. Conçu par l'agence Hérault Arnod Architectes, cet édifice comptant 6 étages à la particularité d'avoir des parties communes et voies de circulations faites pour se déplacer à vélo. Ce cabinet d'architecture a été également à la source de la conception de la Patinoire Pôle Sud à Grenoble.

Concept

À mi-chemin entre le logement collectif et la maison individuelle, l'immeuble à vélos cherche à offrir un habitat urbain en adéquation avec les attentes contemporaines.

Ascenseurs et coursives extérieures sont dimensionnés pour permettre d'y circuler à vélo. L'accès à chaque logement se fait, comme pour une maison individuelle, par l'extérieur. Chaque logement dispose d'une « boîte de stockage » d'environ  pouvant faire office de garage à vélos. Selon ses concepteurs, « Le projet fonctionne suivant des séquences et une relation à l'extérieur empruntées à la maison individuelle : le chemin / les passerelles, le garage / les boîtes de stockage, la maison / l'appartement, le jardin / la terrasse. Cette logique se prolonge jusqu'au dernier niveau où les appartements en duplex sont conçus comme des villas sur le toit, avec de grandes terrasses jardin. »

L'immeuble à vélos fut l'un des 100 projets sélectionnés pour l'exposition d'architecture « Générocité », qui a représenté la France à l'Exposition internationale d'architecture de Venise en 2008.

Réalisation

L'immeuble a été conçu en 2004, et livré en . Il propose 56 logements allant du T2 au T5. Il répond aux exigences du label HQE, avec une consommation énergétique moyenne atteignant 75 kWh/m² par an. La surface hors œuvre nette totale est de , avec une surface utile de  dédiée aux logements et de  dédiée aux commerces.

Notes et références

Voir aussi
 Patinoire Pôle Sud
 Exposition internationale d'architecture de Venise

Bâtiment à Grenoble
Secteur 4 de Grenoble


(1) Holocaust Theater Catalog (HTII/HTC): An expanding digital catalog in the form of a website containing Holocaust related plays from 1933 to the present. The HTC includes informative, annotated entries and is intended for students, scholars, theater artists, teachers and the general public. This growing catalog of over 700 titles (presently listing plays in English and Hebrew) is publicly accessible free of charge. In 2014, it was gifted by NJTF to the UM Miller Center. HTC can be accessed at http://www.htc.miami.edu.


text:
Rules for setting up a new Business in Argentina
Gateway to South America on 14/05/2015 - 14:41 in All categories of countries are, Argentina Lifestyle, Argentina Mendoza, Argentina-General, Argentine farms, Buenos Aires Residential
The Business Associations Law (No. 19550) establishes a wide range of business association forms. The forms most widely used by foreign investors are corporations (sociedades anónimas or SAs as regulated under Argentine law) and limited liability companies (sociedades de responsabilidad limitada or SRLs as regulated under Argentine law). In these cases, unlike branch offices, liability is limited to the amount invested in the business.
Unlike local companies, before foreign companies can set up a company or acquire ownership interests in an existing one, they must submit proof of their formation or incorporation in their countries of origin to the Registry of Companies. They must also file their articles of formation or incorporation, bylaws, their amendments and any other document relating to their legal representatives that may be required to do business.
A branch or representative office, which is created when a foreign company establishes a branch in Argentina, does not imply the creation of a new legal entity. Even though a branch must be registered with the Registry of Companies, the laws governing its existence and validity are primarily the laws of the company's home country.
A branch may undertake all activities pursued by a company's head office (HO) on behalf of the HO through the person appointed as the company's representative. The assets of the entire foreign business, that is, the total value of the HO's capital, not only the capital the HO assigns to its Argentine branch, is subject to liability. The branch's accounts must be kept separately from the HO's operations and its financial statements filed periodically with the Registry of Companies.
The branch must be managed by a legal representative vested with broad administrative and judicial authority—which may be limited in certain circumstances—to ensure that all of the branch's affairs and business transactions are conducted efficiently.
Branch offices are subject to Registry of Companies' supervision and must comply with the same requirements as corporations.
Creation of a new company or acquisition of ownership interests in an existing one:
A corporation (sociedad anónima or SA in Spanish) has a legal existence separate and distinct from its owners. Its shareholders are limited in liability in terms of the amount they have invested in the corporation.
At least two shareholders are required to form a corporation. Ownership interests are represented by shares of stock, which may or may not be offered to the public. A shareholder is not allowed to hold more than the 90% shares of a corporation.
The operation of these companies is regulated by the corporate bylaws. The general business affairs of the corporation are managed by a board of directors, which is made up of one or more members, who may be shareholders or not. The majority of the board members must be Argentine residents. There are no restrictions regarding shareholders' residency or nationality; however, if the shareholder is a foreign commercial company, it should register first with the Registry of Companies.
The board members are jointly and severally liable, without limitations, to the company, its shareholders and third parties for poor performance – there is a mandatory insurance policy to cover for risks concerning performance; breaking the law and/or bylaws; and any other damage arising from fraud, acting ultra vires (beyond the scope of their authorities) and gross negligence.
While a limited liability company (sociedad de responsabilidad limitada or SRL as regulated by Argentine law) shares many characteristics with an SA, there are important differences to highlight:
— An SRL must have at least two members and no more than 50;
— An SA cannot be a member;
— SRLs are not eligible to list on the stock exchange;
— A change in one of the members requires an amendment to the articles of formation;
— The steps to establish an SRL are simpler than an SA; and
— The bylaws are more flexible than an SA.
Ownership interests are represented by membership units (cuotas under Argentine law). As with a corporation, the members' liability is limited to the number of units to which they subscribe. A member may acquire one or more units. There are no statutory restrictions on the transfer of units, but the bylaws may contain imposed by law, although they may be imposed by the bylaws.
An SRL is administered and represented by one or more managers, who may or may not be members.
The managers' liability may be several, but not joint, or joint and several, depending on the management's organization and the provisions of the bylaws or articles of formation.
An SRL may be created through either a public deed (i.e., certified by a notary) or private (i.e., contract) instrument which must be filed with the Registry of Companies corresponding to its domicile.
No minimum capital is required, but the capital should be in line with the company's purpose.
FOREIGN COMPANIES WITH OWNERSHIP INTERESTS IN AN ARGENTINE COMPANY
A foreign company that wishes to purchase ownership interests in a new or existing company must also meet the requirements mentioned above, but first register the company with the Registry of Companies. This procedure involves the following steps:
— Prove that it has been formed or incorporated in accordance with the laws in force in its home country.
— File the company's original articles of formation or incorporation, their amendments and any other qualifying documents, amendments and documents related to its legal representatives with the relevant Registry of Companies (if a corporation, these documents must also be filed with the Registry of Corporations).
— Submit the resolution whereby it was decided to register the foreign company in Argentina in order to establish the local company or purchase ownership interest in a local company, which must include the closing date of the fiscal year, the principal place of business in Argentina and the designated legal representative.
— Notify the existence of any legal prohibition or restriction in the company's home country to carry out any of its activities, demonstrated by the company's articles of formation or incorporation and their amendments, if any.
— Provide evidence that the company meets at least one of the following requirements outside
Argentina on the date of application for registration:
— Existence of one or more branches or representative offices, proven by the relevant good standing certificates issued by the appropriate authorities in their respective locations.
As always, seek independent legal advice when starting a new enterprise.
Contact the Gateway to South America team to learn about the best investment opportunities in the region. The company is a benchmark for foreign investors wishing to invest in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay, providing expert advice on property acquisition and investment tours.
www.gatewaytosouthamerica.com
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Where to buy a vineyard today – you might be surprised
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The World Bank joins a long line of experts criticising Argentina's lack of fiscal management
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I am excited to begin my presidential year and to continue the work begun by past-president Sarah Hill!
Youth Activism through Community Engagement is the theme for my 2017-2018 YALSA Presidential year. I selected this theme for several reasons. The theme reflects a number of the paradigm shifts identified in YALSA's Future's Report and promotes teen involvement in their communities, thus building teens' leadership skills and amplifying their voices. The theme strongly aligns with YALSA's vision, mission, and impact statements by supporting library staff in working with teens to address the unique challenges they face in their communities and creating opportunities for teens' personal growth, academic success, and career development. The theme also demonstrates YALSA's commitment to an asset-based and youth-centered approach to the transformation of libraries and teen services, and will help library staff focus on developing many of the teen outcomes described in the Reimagined Library Services for and with Teens infographic.
But, perhaps most importantly, I selected Youth Activism through Community Engagement as my theme because teens are experts on the issues facing them and their communities because they are living the issues. This is especially true for youth who are experiencing marginalization due to racism, sexism, homophobia, transphobia, classism, ableism, or other forms of oppression. Teens want to make a difference in their communities but often lack the skills to take action. I believe library staff have the ability and the responsibility to help teens develop the skills they need to become agents of positive change in their schools and communities.
Working with YALSA staff to identify and collaborate with potential partners for YALSA who are focused on community engagement and community building with youth such as LAMP, YPAR Hub, Sweet Water Foundation, and Teaching Tolerance.
Working with relevant chairs and member editors to infuse the theme throughout current YALSA projects including the YALSA journals, YALSABlog, Teen Tech Week™, Teen Read Week™, District Days, etc.
Teens to gain skills in a number of areas, such as leadership, critical thinking, teamwork, research, and communication, as a result of being engaged in advocacy and community engagement. Ultimately, teens will become empowered to affect positive community change.
Library Staff to gain an expanded understanding of community issues affecting teens and increase their ability to develop youth- and community-centered programming and services that emphasize the development of teens' knowledge, skills, and abilities to engage in advocacy and community engagement.
YALSA to leverage current programs, activities, and communications to promote the transformation of teen library services, and to implement ongoing curricula to build library staffs' knowledge and skills to bring about the transformation of teen library services (strategies identified in Implementation Plan-Leading the Transformation of Teen Services). YALSA will also expand its connections and partnerships with other national organizations that focus on empowering teens.
At the end of the day, I guess I'm an optimist. With all the turmoil occurring in the world today it would be easy to become despondent, to give up. But I truly believe we can change the world for the better and that our youth are our future. I have a teen-aged son. He and his friends amaze me every day with their compassion, their insight, their optimism, and their motivation to make the world a better place. Through this theme I believe library staff will give teens like my son and his friends the tools they need to create a better now and a better future for all of us.
If you have ideas related to my presidential theme, please reach out and share them with me.
I'm looking forward to working with all of you over the next year to put teens first.
« Don't Forget to Participate in the Top Ten Summer Learning Programs Contest!


text:
The Importance of Batman's No-Kill Rule
The fact that I have to explain this at all makes me want to scream.
Batman has had a sort of identity crises recently, at least in the eyes of the fan. There are those who firmly believe in the Batman of old; the cold, distant, but kind vigilante who refuses to cross certain lines. Then there are those who believe in a certain film director's take on the character, one who is bitter, viscous, and doesn't hesitate to do horrific acts if he thinks them right.
I'll let you decide who I'm talking about. You can't get mad at me, I'm not naming any names.
The keen difference between these two identities of the character all boils down to one thing. A simple thing, but an indescribably important one. That being a simple moral: to kill or not to kill.
Fans of the more recent (not most recent) version of Batman are firmly against the no-kill rule. So much so that they'll cry out nonsense such as, "Not my Batman" when versions of the character they disagree with (such as the most recent version) crop up. They clearly love this version quite a lot.
God only knows why. Their version is the furthest thing from Batman that could possibly exist.
The no-kill rule isn't exclusive to Batman. In fact, it used to be an iron-clad rule that all DC heroes followed, passed down by the editors to the writers. The logic was simple; murder is bad, so the hero can't do it. That would make them decidedly unheroic. So, if a villain were to die, it would be by their own hand. No hero was allowed to kill.
But as time passed, a good many of them simply moved passed this rule. It became a thing of the past. Except for Batman. For him, it became an integral part of his character. One that, up until a certain film came out, was an irrefutable part of his character.
The question remains: why? Why was it so important that Batman never kill, regardless of the circumstances? Why is it that Batman stuck to this rule, while many of the others simply chose to follow it whenever it suited them?
Well, you can come up with any reason. But in the end, doesn't it just make sense? Why would a boy so traumatized by the murder of his loved ones, a boy so smart and strong and kind, inflict that same trauma unto others? Maybe the reasons don't actually matter. Maybe it's just that it makes sense.
That simple fact became ingrained to the identity of Bruce Wayne, of the Batman. Eventually, it became the central conflict of every Batman story. Because let's be honest: nothing else is all that interesting or surprising. Will he beat the bad guy? Yes. Will he save the city? Yes. The more important and interesting question is: will he hold to his morals? And more importantly: should he?
It's in the exploration of these questions that we get the most interesting and compelling stories of the Batman mythos. In 'Under the Red Hood', Jason Todd is frustrated with Bruce's refusal to kill those who clearly deserve it. In the Arkham series of games, the Joker is fascinated by Batman's no-kill rule and is determined to break it. In the Christopher Noland trilogy, his refusal to kill is an essential part of his arc, one that leads him into conflict with the main villains of all three films. In 'The Dark Knight Returns', Bruce shows clear remorse over all the people the Joker has murdered, attributing them to having been killed by Bruce himself simply because he let the Crown Prince of Crime live. So on and so forth.
Should he simply kill some of these villains, such as the Joker? Probably, yes. In sparing them, you could argue that he's only enabling them to murder even more people. But that very moral conflict that makes Batman so compelling in the first place. He doesn't simply kill evil, he tries to heal it, to redeem it. Sometimes it works, and sometimes it blows up in his face. But he never stops trying, even when his task is obviously impossible.
It's this very aspect that makes Batman the hero that he is. It's easy to just eradicate the problem entirely. It's easy to kill. Batman doesn't make the easy choice. He goes down the harder road because that's the road he believes is right.
That is what makes Batman so inspiring for anyone of any age. Bruce Wayne takes a horrifically traumatizing event into something positive, a symbol of good and hope that refuses to become what made him, no matter what. Anyone can be inspired by that kind of moral theme. We may not have had our parents murdered right in front of us, but we can still take the bad things that happen in our lives and use them to fuel more positive actions.
By removing the no-kill rule, the writer who does so strips away all of the depth and intrigue of the character of Batman. They reduce Batman to a simple psychotic vigilante, one who simply slaughters what evil comes into his path. They strip away all that makes the hero interesting and, more importantly, inspiring.
There is a lot that makes Batman entertaining. His combat prowess, his intelligence, and so much more. But it is his integrity, his kindness, and his refusal to give in on the morals that made him that makes him so compelling. It's why he is one of the most popular super heroes of all time.
Unfortunately, Zack Snyder failed to capture any of that.
Oh, fuck, I said his name! Abort! Abort!
Batman, Character Analysis, The Mind of a Character
2 responses to "The Importance of Batman's No-Kill Rule"
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Hello! 🙂


The Griffith Institute has the largest specialized Egyptological archive in the world (http://griffith.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/gri/4.html). The material in the archive includes manuscripts, photographs, drawings, sketches, watercolours, papers, correspondence, notebooks, indexes and plans of Egyptian monuments. Howard Carter's records made during the excavation of the tomb of Tutankhamun are among the most interesting items in the Archive and are systematically being made available, as Tutankhamun: The Anatomy of an Excavation (http://griffith.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/gri/4tut.html), on the Institute's web pages. The database provides a simply search function.


text:
//Darren Farr
#pragma once
#include "Mesh.h"
#include "Material.h"
#include "../../SharedCode/Lights.h"
#include "../../SharedCode/Scene.h"
#include "../../SharedCode/Vertex.h"

//---------------------------------------------------------
// Scene Manager class
// Contains one or more scenes made up of entities, made of meshes and materials
//---------------------------------------------------------
class SceneBuilder
{
public:
	SceneBuilder();
	~SceneBuilder();

	void Init(ID3D11Device*, ID3D11DeviceContext*);
	void BuildMaterials();
	void BuildLights();
	void BuildMeshes();
	void BuildEntities();
	//void BuildParticles();

	//Entity* CreateEntity(Mesh*, Material*, Float3, Float3, Float3);
	Scene* GetScene(int);
	Entity* GetPlayerEntity();

private:
	void SetupScenes();
	void SortEntityList(Scene*);

	Scene* scene1;
	//Scene* scene2;
	//Scene* scene3;
	//Scene* scene4;

	ID3D11Device* device;
	ID3D11DeviceContext* context;
	//void* device;		//ID3D11Device*
	//void* context;	//ID3D11DeviceContext*

	Mesh* playerMesh;
	Mesh* quadMesh;

	/*Mesh* cubeMesh;
	Mesh* sphereMesh;
	Mesh* asteroidMesh;
	Mesh* skyboxMesh;*/

	Material* playerMat;
	Material* grayBoxMat;
	Material* floorMat;
	//Material* backgroundMat;

	Entity* playerEnt;

	// List of temporary Entities for building a test world,
	// did not feel it was necessary to spend time on a level editor or importer.
	Entity* floorEnt1;
	Entity* floorEnt2;
	Entity* floorEnt3;
	Entity* floorEnt4;
	Entity* floorEnt5;
	Entity* floorEnt6;
	Entity* floorEnt7;
	Entity* floorEnt8;
	Entity* floorEnt9;
	Entity* floorEnt10;
	Entity* floorEnt11;
	Entity* floorEnt12;
	Entity* floorEnt13;
	Entity* floorEnt14;
	Entity* floorEnt15;
	Entity* floorEnt16;
	Entity* floorEnt17;
	Entity* floorEnt18;
	Entity* floorEnt19;
	Entity* floorEnt20;
	Entity* floorEnt21;
	Entity* floorEnt22;
	Entity* floorEnt23;
	Entity* floorEnt24;
	Entity* floorEnt25;
	Entity* floorEnt26;
	Entity* floorEnt27;
	Entity* floorEnt28;
	Entity* floorEnt29;
	Entity* floorEnt30;
	Entity* floorEnt31;
	Entity* floorEnt32;
	Entity* floorEnt33;
	Entity* floorEnt34;
	Entity* floorEnt35;
	Entity* floorEnt36;
	Entity* floorEnt37;
	Entity* floorEnt38;
	Entity* floorEnt39;
	Entity* floorEnt40;
	Entity* floorEnt41;

	Entity* bFirstF1;
	Entity* bFirstF2;

	Entity* bSecondF1;
	Entity* bSecondF2;
	Entity* bSecondF3;
	Entity* bSecondF4;
	Entity* bSecondF5;
	Entity* bSecondF6;
	Entity* bSecondF7;
	Entity* bSecondF8;

	Entity* bThirdF1;
	Entity* bThirdF2;
	Entity* bThirdF3;
	Entity* bThirdF4;

	Entity* bFourthF1;
	Entity* bFourthF2;

	Entity* overPass;
	Entity* overPass2;
	Entity* ramp1;
	Entity* ramp2;

	GlobalLight* ambient;
	/*
	directionallight* dirlight;
	directionallight* dirlight2;
	directionallight* dirlight3;
	directionallight* dirlight4;

	pointlight* pointlight;

	spotlight* spotlight;*/

	//Entity* asteroidList[12];

	//Particles Emitter
	//Emitter *emitter;
};


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What are Valium and Xanax?
As a result, the arousal of the cortical and limbic systems in the central nervous system is reduced. Continual daily doses of diazepam quickly build to a high concentration in the body mainly in recreational tissuefar in excess of the actual dose for any given day. valium
The half-life of diazepam eecreational general is valium hours. Medically reviewed by Drugs. Australia: Diazepam is a Schedule 4 substance under the Poisons Standard, making it a prescription recreational medicine. Effects of Xanax last on average 5 hours although there are wide variations between individuals see below.
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Other studies suggest Xanax is less likely to cause drowsiness than diazepam. Individuals who use Valium may become recreational or psychologically dependent on valium drug after recreational it for more than just a few weeks. Absorption by any administered valium and the risk of accumulation is ificantly increased in the neonateand withdrawal of diazepam during pregnancy and breast feeding is clinically justified.
Generally speaking, benzodiazepines with a shorter half life such as Xanax are harder to stop than those with a longer half life such as Valium.
Valium: what is it used for and why are people buying it on the street?
The distribution half-life of diazepam is two to 13 minutes. Particular care should be taken with drugs that potentiate the effects of diazepam, such as barbiturates, phenothiazinesopioidsand antidepressants.
You can also find diazepam in your neighborhood. These substances potentiate the muscle relaxationsedation and amnesia caused by one another and valiuk lead to unexpected loss of consciousness at high doses.
How valium is recreationally abused
The list below contains some common potentially dangerous valium, but may not include all of them. As a result, the difference between resting potential and threshold potential is increased and firing is less likely. This combination can also potentially result in recreational dehydration if hydration is not monitored. Regular diazepam users can quickly develop a tolerance to Valium, which means that they must take more than the recommended dose to get the desired.
You can abuse Valium even if you have a prescription for gecreational. You also put yourself at increased risk of side effects and issues such as the following: Loss of motor coordination. Both drugs readily enter brain tissue which reinforces drug taking and is recreational associated with more severe withdrawal valium.
Because doctors often prescribe this drug and it does have legitimate medical uses, you may be tempted to think of it as safe. More than valium billion tablets were sold in alone. Benzodiazepines like Recreatioanl seemed like the safer and more effective option, and they became the prescription solution for recreational problem. She told Metro.
Diazepam presents cross-tolerance with all benzodiazepinesmeaning that after its consumption all benzodiazepines will have a reduced effect. Recreational use has even more associated recreahional.
What is valium abused for?
Valium is available in three forms: tablets, vqlium and extended-release capsules. Absorption appears to depend on several factors, such as temperature, concentration, flow rates, and tube length.
Its other active metabolites include the minor active metabolites temazepam and oxazepam. Coma Although not usually fatal when taken recreational, a diazepam overdose is considered a medical emergency and generally requires the immediate attention of medical personnel. Valium taking more Valium, you easily glide into addiction.
How do Valium and Xanax work? The Misuse of Drugs Act makes it illegal to possess the substance without a prescription vlium, for such purposes, it is classified as a Class C drug.
Stimulants decrease the sedative effect of benzodiazepines, which is the main factor most people consider when determining their level of intoxication. Research shows that recreationaal.
Continue Reading. Valium is more likely than Xanax to cause drowsiness, but Xanax is reported to have more severe withdrawal effects on discontinuation.
They undermine the seriousness of any prescription drug abuse. They make drugs appear recreatiohal or more fun. This early popularity led to issues and concerns.
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I'd be lying if I said we lived in a non-judgemental world. That couldn't be further from the truth. We go through life perhaps sometimes unaware that we are judging people on a daily basis. Judging them based on what they choose to wear, who they choose to date, what career path they took, which education choices they made, you name it, we've judged it. And I'm not saying we shouldn't judge people, because sometimes judgement leads to the greater good. But what I've noticed, since having what you would call (even though I do not agree with the term) a "disability" is that people are judging me less. Isn't that a positive thing? You may think to yourself as you read this. Not to me it's not. If anything I find it a little insulting.
Let me just explain a recent situation to give you a little more information on why I feel this way. I was out a few weeks ago with a friend, and we bumped into a few of his friends in a pub. I'd never met these people before, and they certainly didn't seem like they wanted to get to know me, either. I tried to join in with their conversation as the night went on but they simply weren't interested. They disregarded my attempts to create a new discussion and avoided as much eye contact as possible. Sneering at each other each time I opened my mouth. At first I wondered whether they just didn't like me, or whether it was something else. Perhaps they didn't like the way I was dressed. The initial plan was to go to a bar and so I'd dressed up a little, whereas they were a little more casual. The more I think about it, they most certainly were looking me up and down as we made our entrance. I slowly gave up trying to have any input and sipped on my drink, wishing I were as far away from the situation as possible. But then something funny happened. Whilst in a world of my own I felt a nudge on my arm. My friend had been pushing me into a conversation I didn't even know had begun. "Tell them about your surgery" he said. I looked at him confused, as I started to catch on to that they were currently discussing. They were talking about disability. Whilst I was a little annoyed that he had associated my surgery with having a disability – for I had undergone emergency ileostomy surgery earlier this year – I took the opportunity to have some involvement in a discussion.
It's not that I would be ashamed to have a disability and by no means am I embarrassed of my ileostomy, I just do not feel disabled. I do not see it as a disability. If anything it enabled me to live. My body is just as able as the next healthy human beings.
I watched these people with wide eyes and dropped jaws as I finished my story. All of a sudden, they were interested in me. They complimented me and told me what a brave and inspiring woman I was. They began asking me questions about my home life and career and seemed intrigued by my potential answers. It was as if I was talking to completely different people. Were these the same people that had ignored me for the past hour?
Which leads me to my point. I found it incredibly saddening how quickly these people were to change their manor. They found respect through what seemed to be pity for me. After finding out something personal about me, they became more and more interested. Would they have been interested should it have been a different story? I'll never know. But why not take the time to get to know me? Why had my story stopped you blatantly ignoring me for the remainder of the night? I feel we as a society should take more time to get to know someone, and less judging, regardless of his or her cover. Regardless of what we imagine them to be like. Because you never know what someone's been through to be here, sitting with you today. And you never know, you just might regret not listening to their story. A story which shouldn't have to be the making or breaking of a friendship. Respect the person, not the disability.
Why Is It Okay To Be Overweight But Wrong To Be Under?
In a world where the majority cannot see past the surface the behaviour you experienced sadly doesn't surprise me. Having crossed virtual paths with you thanks to the awful CDC campaign and having read each and every post I do have a tremendous amount of respect for you.
This may sound a little weird, but when you post the kind of day you can have, the pain you often go through, I can't help but feel a great sense of admiration even though I don't truly understand everything you go through. The things you do, the awareness you have raised in other people is inspiring and encouraging to all.
Interesting read Hattie. I was 21 when I had my ileostomy surgery (now 57) and I remember similar concerns and issue-though of course 2 people experiences are never the same. I have never thought (well I can't remember ever thinking) as having a disability more a case of a gift of life which has allowed me to reach an age where I can enjoy my life with a daughter (and step children) grandchildren a reasonable job that pays the bills etc. None of it would have happened without the skill of a dedicated team of health professionals, I'd not have survived.
Has it been easy? No of course not but life isn't anyway is it, so it is just a case of getting on with it and being happy to be alive.


text:
История калмыков — история части западных монголов (ойратов), мигрировавших из Центральной Азии на Нижнюю Волгу и в Северный Прикаспий, где они сформировались в отдельный этнос, за которым закрепилось название — «калмыки».

Хронология истории калмыков начинается с периода начала миграции в конце XVI — начале XVII века, когда проживавшие в Джунгарии и соседних регионах племена западных монголов (ойратов) разделились: одна часть откочевала в район озера Кукунор, другая, оставшись на месте, составила основное население Джунгарского ханства, а третья — переместилась в пределы Русского царства. В этой статье представлена история последней группы (историю других групп см. Ойраты, Джунгарское и Хошутское ханства).

Основная научная литература по истории калмыков — классические работы Н.Я. Бичурина, Г. С. Лыткина и А. М. Позднеева (2-я пол. XIX — нач. XX вв.), Н. Н. Пальмова (1920-е — 1930-е гг.), а также публикации современных (большей частью калмыцких) исследователей (У. Д. Душана, У. Э. Эрдниева, Г. О. Авляева, В. П. Санчирова, А. Г. Митирова), основанные на средневековых китайских и монгольских хрониках, русских исторических сочинениях и делопроизводственных документах государственных учреждений Российской империи XVIII — XIX вв.

Существует дисциплина в монголоведении — калмыковедение, изучающая историю, культуру, язык, этногенез и быт калмыков.

XVI век
В этот период происходило перемещение небольшой части калмыцких кочевий из Джунгарии и Восточного Казахстана на северо-запад в сибирские пределы Русского царства — в земли по рекам Иртышу, Оми и Ишиму; позже кочевья сместились юго-западнее — на Нижнюю Волгу и Северный Прикаспий, где пока появлялись небольшие группы калмыков.

Во 2-й половине XVI века в Западной Сибири калмыки всё чаще сталкиваются с сибирскими татарами и русскими, а на Нижней Волге с Ногайской Ордой, которая переживала период распада: миграция ногаев на западный берег Волги привела к выделению из неё Малых Ногаев (позже между Кабардой и Азовом), а на восток от Волги, в сторону Аральского моря выделилась Алтыульская Орда.

Хронология

XVII век
В первой трети XVII века большие группы калмыков вышли своими кочевьями к берегам Волги, они окончательно вынудили ногаев уйти на её западный берег и далее к сородичам на Терек, Кубань, Крым, Буджак (часть ногаев была покорена и присоединена к калмыкам).

В вытеснении ногаев с Нижней Волги калмыкам помогло донское казачество, получившее в 1633 году от русского правительства указание «до конца разорити и покорити» Ногайскую орду. Калмыки всё более тесно контактируют и конфликтуют с Русским царством. В 1655 году калмыками дана первая шертная запись на верность русскому царю, впоследствии они неоднократно принимали шерти и нарушали их.

Максимальная территория кочевий калмыцких племён на Нижней Волге и Северном Прикаспии имела границы: на юге — до реки Терек, на севере — до города Самары, на западе — до реки Дон и на востоке — до реки Яик (Урал) (позже ареал проживания уменьшился и стал примерно соответствовать границам современной республики Калмыкия).

Причины такого перемещения части ойратов (в основном торгутских нойонов и тайшей, а также дербетских и хошутских тайшей и нойонов) не известны, ряд исследователей предполагает, что они вызваны внутриойратскими конфликтами в Джунгарии. Так пришедший на русские границы торгутский тайши Хо-Урлюк, первый хан образовавшегося на Нижней Волге калмыцкого государства, конфликтовал и даже имел сражение с родственником джунгарских правителей дербетским тайши Далай-Батыром и хошутскими нойонами, которые хотели вернуть его улусы в состав Ойратской конфедерации. В 1618 году из Тобольска в калмыцкие улусы были направлены Петров и Куницын, которые добирались до улуса Далай-Батыра-тайши два месяца. Там они застали трёх главных тайшей: дербетского Далай-Батыра, хошутского Чокура и торгутского Хо-Урлюка. Послы в своих записках назвали Далай-Батыра

В 1634 году ойраты заключают договор, согласно которому: торгутский Хо-Урлюк должен нести оборону с запада против ногаев; на юге стоял дербетский Далай-Батыр против бухарского хана; хошутский Гуши — против казахских жузов; джунгарский Эрдэни-Батур-хунтайджи — против Алтын хана. Однако торгутский тайши Хо-Урлюк стал проводить самостоятельную политику в отношении Ногайской Орды, Русского царства и прочих, в связи с чем в 1635 году между двумя крупными тайшами — дербетским Далай-Батыром и торгутским Хо-Урлюком — происходит ссора, так как Далай-Батыр был сторонником объединения Джунгарии в единое государство и хотел заставить Хо-Урлюка выполнять условия договора от 1634 года о совместной обороне Зюнгарского (Джунгарского) ханства и совместном кочевании, из-за чего весной 1635 года дважды разбивал Хо-Урлюка, который не хотел подчиняться условиям договора и хотел проводить самостоятельную политику в отношениях с ногайцами, русскими и пр. Летом 1635 года Дайчин и Хо-Урлюк мирятся с Далай-Батыром, из-под власти которого они стремятся выйти. Возможно, эти (или какие-то другие) причины вынудили Хо-Урлюка перекочевать на Нижнюю Волгу и Северный Прикаспий, где он вместе с сыновьями и внуками повёл активную военно-политическую экспансию.

Однако российский историк и востоковед Н. Бичурин (Иакинф), одним из первых российских историков исследовавших историю ойратов (калмыков), на основании переведенных им на русский язык китайских исторических хроник, полагал, что ойраты (калмыки) замыслили восстановить Великую Монгольскую империю, приводя в своём историческом труде «Историческое обозрение ойратов или калмыков» в доказательство своих слов следующие соображения: «По внимательном соображении обоесторонних сведений о переходе Торготов от Алтая в Россию каждый убедится в истине, что сей переход, случившийся в одно время с переселением Хошотов от Алтая же к Хухунору, произошел не от взаимных неудовольствий между Ханами. Это очень видно из того, что выходцы по переселении на новые земли всегда были с мнимыми своими врагами, оставшимися в Чжуньгарии, в самых тесных и родственных, и политических связях. Иначе Хо-Урлук и Гуши-Хан не решились бы ехать в Чжуньгарию на конгресс 1640 года, В помянутых переселениях открывается новый и обдуманный план хитрых замыслов, которых вначале даже и Пекинский кабинет не мог приметить. В то самое время, как Батор-Хонь-Тайцзи приводил к концу начатое отцом его Хара-Хулою соединение Ойратов под единство власти и законов, Гуши-Хан уходит с частию Хошотов на Юго-Восток к Хухунору и основывает там новое царство; потом переходит в Тибет и, убив Тибетского Государя на сражении, получает от Далай-Ламы верховную власть над сим Государством. С противоположной стороны Хо-Урлук удаляется с привольных берегов Иртыша к вершинам Эмбы и Тобола и там действует и против России, и против Киргиз-Казаков в связи с Чжуньгарскими Ойратами; потом, покорив Уральских Ногаев и Турецкие поколения на Восточном берегу Каспийского моря, оцепляет Киргиз-Казачьи Орды с тыла. Таким образом, Ойроты без кровопролития приобрели господство над обширными странами в Азии от Алтая на Запад до Каспийского моря, на Юг до пределов Индии. Из сих обстоятельств очевидно, что Ойроты, размножившись в продолжение 150-летнего мира от Эсэня до Хара-Хулы, замыслили восстановить древнюю Чингис-Ханову Империю в Азии, и начало, увенчанное столь счастливым успехом, много обещало им в будущем, если бы впоследствии домашние междоусобия и хитрая политика Пекинского кабинета не привели дел их в совершенное расстройство». Возможно эти (или какие-то другие) причины вынудили Хо-Урлюка и ряд дербетских и хошутских тайшей и нойонов перекочевать на Нижнюю Волгу и в Северный Прикаспий, где они стали вести активную военно-политическую экспансию.

Эта перекочёвка калмыков совершалась, несомненно, с общего ведома и согласия джунгарских князей и велась она последовательно. Занятие ими берегов Волги приходится на 1630—1632 годы. Главный юрт их в эту пору постоянно находился за Уралом, и отсюда в 1640 году Хо-Урлюк ездил в Джунгарию на съезд князей. По возвращении его калмыки начали предпринимать разбойнические движения к Поволжью. После смерти Хо-Урлюка владычество над калмыками перешло в руки старшего сына его, Шукур-Дайчина, и последний в 1645 году отправился в Тибет, чтобы получить от Далай-ламы утверждение в своём звании. Между тем в 1646 году некоторые из мелких калмыцких князьков отправили посольства в Астрахань и просили покровительства России. В наказе, данном астраханским воеводам в том же 1646 году, говорилось поэтому, что

между тем первым делом Шукур-Дайчина по возвращении его из Тибета (1654) было нападение на русские земли.

Во время русско-польской войны 1654—1667 годов сын Далай-Батыра — дербетский тайши Солом-Церен приходил со своим войском на Дон и Волгу и участвовал в 1661—1667 годах вместе с торгутским тайшой Мончаком в войне против Крымского ханства, что подтверждается союзным русско-калмыцким «шертным» договором от 8 июня 1661 года, а затем в 1672—1674 годах забрав свой улус, окончательно перекочевал с сыновьями из Джунгарии на Волгу. В 1663 году на Волгу прибыли дербетские улусы и войска под руководством дербетского тайши Даян-Омбо (сына Далай-Батыра). В 1755—1759 годах. на Волгу прибыли дербеты из Джунгарии после падения Джунгарского ханства.

Правление Дайчина, как и сына его Мончака (Пунцука), замечательное время в истории калмыков, главным образом, объединением и сплочением многочисленных ойратских племен, перекочевавших из Джунгарии. В 1672 году вступил в управление Аюка, разбил своего дядю Дугара, который ранее помог своему племяннику Аюке вернуть свои улусы, захватил его (Дугара) вместе с сыном его Цереном и объявив их государственными преступниками выдал русским, а сам завладел их (Дугара и Церена) улусами. Аюка продолжал распространять свою власть и обессиливать прочих калмыцких владетелей ссоря и сталкивая их между собой, а затем выступая в роли миротворца. Два брата его возбудили междоусобную распрю, и один из них просил для защиты стрелецкий полк. Близ Чёрного Яра они сошлись для битвы, но Аюка убедил их помириться, после чего все трое, соединив свои войска, напали на стрельцов и всех их перерубили. В 1674 году русские просили Аюку помочь в их «промысле над Азовом и неприятельскими крымскими юртами», но Аюка этой просьбы не исполнил. Калмыки и подвластные им татары постоянно производили нападения на русских, «брали их в полон и учуги разоряли». Сообщение с Астраханью было в эти годы крайне затруднительно: от Царицына до Астрахани ездили только многочисленными компаниями, да и то лишь водяным путём. С 1684 года Аюка перенёс свои военные действия за Урал: воевал с киргиз-кайсаками, потом покорил туркменов мангышлакских; к этому же периоду относятся его войны с дагестанцами, кумыками, кабардинцами и кубанцами.

В 1690 году Далай-лама прислал калмыцкому «владетелю» Аюке ханский титул и печать. Аюка принял эти пожалования, этим поступком демонстрируя некую независимость от России, несмотря на все договоры с ней.

Когда в 1697 году Пётр Великий уезжал за границу, он отправил к Аюке особое посольство с просьбой охранять русские границы. Русские, с своей стороны, обязались помогать Аюке пушками и выдавать ему ежегодно по 20 пудов пороха и 10 пудов свинца, а также без согласия его не крестить калмыков, под опасением пени за окрещённых.

XVIII век

В сентябре 1724 года калмыки дали шерть на верность, которую они признали первой данной ими России. Но они её неоднократно и постоянно нарушали.

После смерти Аюки-хана (1724) российское правительство вмешалось в вопрос о престолонаследии в Калмыцком ханстве между его сыновьями. Поддержанный Россией известный торгутский тайши Дорджи Назаров в итоге отказался отдавать в Россию аманатом (заложником) своего сына и правителем стал Церен-Дондук (законный наследник — старший сын Аюки). Вмешательство оказалось безрезультатным, но сам факт таких действий России вызвал протест калмыков.

В Азии, калмыки (ойраты) ведут непрекращающиеся войны с маньчжурским Китаем и вставшими на китайскую сторону монголами за контроль над Тибетом и территорией нынешней Монголии.

С 1727 года снова начались многократные набеги калмыков на русские пределы. За одну осень (1727) русские потерпели от них убытков на сумму свыше 60 тыс. рублей, калмыки убили 15 человек и увели в плен 17. В предупреждение этих набегов Верховный тайный совет в 1728 году определил завести в каждом городе от Астрахани до Саратова по 20 расшивных лодок для разъездов солдат астраханского гарнизона. В 1729 году калмыцкие владельцы начали сношения с Джунгарией и под председательством Церен-Дондука советовались о том, вести ли им войну против России. В 1730 году было получено известие, что к калмыкам едет китайское посольство, которое везёт Церен-Дондуку ханский титул от богдыхана. Тогда русское правительство решило опередить китайцев и само поспешило пожаловать Церен-Дондуку титул хана. В 1731 году Церен-Дондук начал самостоятельные сношения с Персией и Оттоманской Портой, а от своих князьков требовал особого почёта. Последние восстали против Церена; русские защищали его своими войсками, вследствие чего Дондук-Омбо собрал 11000 кибиток и вступил в турецкое подданство. В 1732 году русское правительство решило потребовать от османского правительства, чтобы калмыки были высланы из турецких владений, а к Дондук-Омбе послать посольство с грамотой, приглашавшей его вернуться в Россию. На требование посла принять эту грамоту стоя Дондук-Омбо отвечал отказом, и стал совершать нападения на русские деревни и переманивать к себе калмыков. В 1734 году у него считалось уже до 28000 кибиток, а так как земли для кочёвок у него не было, то он просил русское правительство о дозволении ему снова перейти на Волгу.

После смерти в 1759 году последнего правителя независимого Ойратского государства Дабачи маньчжурский Китай окончательно завоевал и присоединил территорию Джунгарского ханства.

В Европе волжские калмыки участвуют во всех войнах, которые ведёт Россия, на её стороне.

Калмыки участвуют практически во всех войнах России.

При откочевке торгутов и хошутов в 1771 году в Джунгарию, которая после разгрома Джунгарского ханства в 1757—1758 годах была включена в состав Маньчжурской империи Цин (Китай), основная часть европейских (приволжских) дербетов и дербетских нойонов со своими войсками остались на местах своих кочевок на Дону, Волге и Северном Кавказе, так как были не согласны с откочевкой в подданство Маньчжурской империи Цин и не хотели покидать привольные пастбища в междуречье Дона и Волги и в степях Северного Кавказа. Кроме них, на местах своих кочевий на Волге и в междуречье Волги и Яика (Урала) осталась часть торгутов и хошутов.

Остальная часть калмыцкого народа (в основном торгутов и хошутов) благодаря политике наиболее крупных из торгутских и хошутских нойонов — советников молодого наместника Калмыцкого ханства Убаши — нойона, который в силу возраста и отсутствия жизненного опыта находился под их влиянием, а также влиянию высшего буддистского духовенства, составившего астрологический прогноз и высчитавшего благоприятный для откочевки год и месяц, отправилась в состав Маньчжурской империи Цин. По различным историческим источникам, из 140—170 (33 тыс. кибиток, по другим данным 30 тыс.) до Цинской империи дошли от 70-75 тысяч человек, остальные погибли в пути от болезней, голода, нападений киргиз — кайсацких (ныне — казахских) племен или попали в плен к племенам Центральной Азии.

Лишившись большей части своего населения и двух третей своей армии и народа после ухода Убаши, Калмыцкое ханство значительно ослабло и было упразднено в октябре 1771 года по указу императрицы Екатерины 2-й. Позднее, в 1800 году император Павел 1-й благодаря ходатайствам дербетского тайши Чучея Тундутова, за боевые заслуги оставшихся в России дербетов и торгутов, восстановил Калмыцкое ханство, но ханская власть тогда была ограничена, однако после дворцового государственного переворота и убийства императора Павла 1-го, и изменившейся вследствие этого государственной политики, позднее в 1803 году при императоре Александре 1-ом Калмыцкое ханство было снова упразднено.

XIX век

Набираемая из калмыков кавалерия, как нерегулярная часть русской армии, принимала участие в русско-шведской войне 1788—1790 годов, в войне 1807 года с французами и в Отечественной войне 1812 года. Калмыцкие формирования — Первый Астраханский калмыцкий полк, сформированный из калмыков Малодербетовского улуса Астраханской губернии под командованием своего дербетского (дербетовского) нойона (князя) Джамба Тайши Тундутова, Второй Астраханский калмыцкий полк — из калмыков хошутского (хошеутовского) и торгутского (торгоутовского) улусов Астраханской губернии под командованием своего хошеутовского нойона капитана Серебджаба Тюменя и Ставропольский калмыцкий полк в составе корпуса генерала М. И. Платова участвовали в Бородинском сражении, заграничных походах русской армии и были на параде войск победителей в Париже.

В 1822 году созван был съезд калмыцких владельцев и лам в урочище Зинзили, на котором был составлен полный свод обычаев калмыцкого народа. Семью существовавшими в то время улусами (то есть союзами родов) управляли нойоны — родовые вожди, которые получали свою власть в большинстве случаев наследственно, хотя для получения титула нойон, требовалось ещё признание родичей и утверждение со стороны верховного вождя всего калмыцкого народа, носившего звание тайши или (впоследствии) хана.

Каждый улус состоял из нескольких родов (оток), которые делились на аймаки, не имевшие определённой численности и распадавшиеся, в свою очередь, на хотоны. Для ближайшего управления аймаками нойны раздавали их обыкновенно своим дальним родственникам или доверенным лицам, которые получали название зайсангов. Нойоны могли не только назначать зайсангов, но и отнимать у провинившегося зайсанга аймак; тем не менее, в силу укоренившегося обычая наследственности зайсангского звания из этих правителей образовалось особое сословие зайсангов. За ними следовали простолюдины, [[простонародье|чернь (хара кюн)]]; они сообща, поулусно обязаны были отправлять ратную повинность, платить дань и другие сборы на содержание нойона и зайсангов. Из общего улусного строя выделялось духовенство (ламы), свободное от податей и имевшее для своего содержания особую челядь, «шабинеров», или ламинских людей. Шабинеры также разделялись на аймаки, но стояли вне общей организации родовых союзов, составляясь из людей различных родов, переданных родоправителями хурулам (монастырям) и ламам.

Калмыки вели исключительно кочевую жизнь. Малая производительность почвы, недостаток мест, удобных не только для земледелия, но и даже для постоянных пастбищ, отсутствие проточных вод и вообще хорошей системы водоснабжения делали невозможною жизнь оседлую. Степь свою калмыки признавали общим владением улусов, не установив ни определённых границ между улусами, ни определённых пространств для кочёвки улусных родов. Эта система землевладения была как нельзя лучше приноровлена к условиям большого скотоводства, которое могло идти успешно лишь при обширности и разнообразии кочевых урочищ. Кочёвки шли по определённым степным «путям» и «полосам», направление которых для каждого рода было освящено временем и народным обычаем. Территориальный размер или «размах» кочёвки определялся, с одной стороны, физическими условиями степи, с другой — количеством стад: чем больше скотовод имел скота, и чем менее было в степи подножного корма, тем шире был его кочевой размах. Направление путей регулировалось колодцами, периоды кочёвок распределялись по временам года: весенние — в первых числах февраля, летние — в начале мая, осенние — в течение августа и зимняя — в ноябре. Объявление о снятии кочевья делалось особым знаком — воткнутой вблизи княжеской ставки пикой. Каждый калмык обязан был кочевать со своим родом; отдаляться от родового пути или кочевать «кривыми» путями строго воспрещалось.

Источником благосостояния калмыков был скот. Тот, у кого погибло стадо, превращался в «байгуша», или «убогого». Эти «убогие» снискивали себе пропитание, нанимаясь с дозволения владельца на работы, главным образом на рыболовных ватагах по Волге. Средину между «байгушами» и скотоводами занимали калмыки «сидячие», скотоводство которых было так невелико, что они не нуждались в больших перекочёвках и потому «отставали» в кочевых путях. Пропитание байгушей и предоставление им, а равно и «сидячим» калмыкам, средств и возможности снова войти в состав родов — все это составляло одну из характерных общественных повинностей родовых союзов. Степное хозяйство калмыков в смысле содержания и размножения стад велось крайне рутинно, без всяких улучшений. Единственную заботу калмыков всегда составляла охрана стад от расхищения; по этому вопросу у них было выработано множество обычаев и правовых норм. Для удостоверения принадлежности скота известному хозяину употреблялись особые знаки — тамги.

10 марта 1825 года царское правительство России издало «Правила для управления калмыцким народом», согласно которым калмыцкие дела передавались из ведения Министерства иностранных дел в ведение Министерства внутренних дел Российской империи.

XX век

Великая Отечественная Война
Калмыцкий вопрос. Тема участия калмыцкого народа в Великой Отечественной войне долгое время в СССР и некоторое время в Российской Федерации была под неким негласным политическим табу в связи с проблемой «калмыцкого вопроса» — перехода части населения на сторону нацистской Германии. Мнимость такого запрета очевидна, поскольку, несмотря на имевший место коллаборационизм (например, Калмыцкий кавалерийский корпус), большая часть калмыков героически защищала свою родину в рядах Красной Армии (среди калмыков много получивших различные награды за боевые заслуги, из них 9 Героев Советского Союза).

Калмыцкий участок фронта. Боевые действия на территории Калмыцкой АССР проходили с августа 1942 по январь 1943 года и носили специфический характер, сходный с военными действиями на североафриканском фронте. Линия фронта здесь не была сплошной, театр военных действий представлял собой две зоны, одну — оккупированную германскими войсками (16-я моторизованная дивизия — отдельное соединение, в составе группы армий «А»), вторую — под советским контролем (28-я армия — наспех объединённые, необстрелянные формирования в составе Сталинградского фронта). Границей между ними были простирающиеся на многие сотни километров степи и полупустыни (кроме небольшого участка у Хулхуты) с отсутствием естественных укрытий и малым количеством источников пресной воды. Длительное время боевые действия сводились к тому, что противники, опираясь на отдельные пункты, совершали взаимные диверсионные набеги на коммуникации и базы.

Калмыцкий участок фронта находился на стыке между Сталинградским и Кавказским направлениями и считался второстепенным. Обе стороны неактивно использовали его просто из-за нехватки сил. Стратегическая его важность заключалась в том, что если бы немецким войскам удалось прорваться на Астрахань (например, бросив сюда не одну, а 2—3 моторизованные дивизии, пока направление не было прикрыто гвардейской 34-й стрелковой дивизией), то последствиями была бы потеря волжской водной и ж/д трассы, по которой с Северного Кавказа и Закавказья поставлялось важнейшее для промышленности и транспорта СССР сырьё (в тот период добыча в этих регионах нефти — 86 %, газа — 65 %, марганца — 56 %). План «Фишрейтер» («Серая цапля») германского командования предусматривал захват Астрахани не с запада, из Калмыкии, а с севера, из предполагавшегося захваченным Сталинграда.

Обвинение калмыцкого народа в предательстве опровергается массовым героизмом калмыков на фронте и в тылу. Так, за мужество и отвагу несколько десятков тысяч воинов, в том числе 700 женщин, награждены орденами и медалями. 22 уроженца Калмыкии удостоены звания Героя Советского Союза.

Калмыки, Герои Советского союза: Бадмаев Э. Л., Басанов Б. М., Городовиков Б. Б., Городовиков О. И., Деликов Э. Т., Манджиев Л. И., Санджиров Н. М., Сельгиков М. А., Хечиев Б. М. 6 воинов Калмыкии были удостоены высокой чести участвовать 24 июня 1945 г. в историческом Параде Победы на Красной площади в Москве.

За военный период 1941—1943 гг. Калмыцкая АССР направила на фронт 38 778 человек, а с учётом проходивших до начала войны действительную военную службу на фронтах Великой Отечественной войны сражалось 43 210 уроженцев республики. Кроме них, около 300 человек активно участвовали в разведывательно-диверсионных отрядах, действовавших в тылу врага на оккупированной территории Калмыцкой АССР, Сталинградской и Ростовской областей, Орджоникидзевского края. За это же время республика поставила в Красную Армию почти 30 тыс. лошадей, сотни тысяч тонн мяса и рыбной продукции, зерна и другой продукции сельского хозяйства, значительное количество теплых вещей, белья, обуви, а также сдала более 100 млн руб.

В 1943 году территория Калмыцкой АССР освобождена от частичной германской оккупации. Её органы государственной власти и автономия не были восстановлены. Указом Президиума Верховного Совета СССР Калмыцкая АССР была упразднена, а её территория включена во вновь созданную Астраханскую область, город Элиста был переименован в Степной. Все калмыки, включая женщин, детей и стариков, а также всех военнослужащих, солдат и офицеров, фронтовиков, были депортированы в районы крайнего Севера, Сибири, Средней Азии, Казахстана и Алтая.

Следствием репрессий стала гибель свыше 1/3 выселенного народа, утрата многих элементов и черт материальной и духовной культуры.

Административно-территориальные изменения. Переселения.
На протяжении XX в. в области проживания большей части калмыков (Нижнем Поволжье) была создана, переформирована, упразднена и снова восстановлена калмыцкая автономия в составе СССР (РСФСР), а позже РФ.

Правительство (правители). Политика. Законодательство.

Культура. Общество. Религия. Спорт.

Хронология эмиграции калмыков.
В различные периоды истории XX в. произошло «три волны» эмиграции части калмыков в страны «запада» из Российской империи/СССР/Российской Федерации.

XXI век

Примечания

Литература

 Калмыкия в годы Великой Отечественной войны. — Элиста: АПП «Джангар», 2005. — 312 с.
 Хойт С. К. Белые пятна в этногенезе дербетов
 Хойт С. К. Иноэтничные включения в группах европейских ойрат (калмыков) по данным родословных]
 Хойт С. К. Последние данные по локализации и численности ойрат
 Хойт С. К. Проблема метисации в калмыцком обществе

 «Илэтхэл шастир». Москва, «НАУКА», Главная редакция восточной литературы, 1990 г.
 Митиров А. Г. «Ойраты — Калмыки: Века и поколения», Элиста, Калмыцкое книжное издательство, 1988 г.
 Пальмов Н. Н. Материалы по истории калмыцкого народа за период пребывания в пределах России. — Элиста: Калмыцкое книжное издательство, 2007.
 Колесник В. И. «Русская» политика как фактор возникновения калмыцкой государственности в XVII в. // Древняя Русь. Вопросы медиевистики. 2004. № 1 (15). С. 32-42.
 Хойт С. Как ойраты способствовали развитию антропологии.
 Хойт С. Облик ойратов XVII—XIX веков.
 Хойт С. К. Этническая история ойратских групп. Элиста, 2015. 199 с.
 Хойт С. К. Данные фольклора для изучения путей этногенеза ойратских групп // Международная научная конференция «Сетевое востоковедение: образование, наука, культура», 7-10 декабря 2017 г.: материалы. Элиста: Изд-во Калм. ун-та, 2017. с. 286—289.

Ссылки


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text:
A nanoparticle prognosticator of chemotherapy outcomes
Lebovitz, Russell M.
Marval Biosciences, Inc., Manvel, TX, United States
Search 32 grants from Russell Lebovitz
Search grants from Marval Biosciences, Inc.
Role of VZV latency transcript (VLT) and ORF63 in latency and reactivation
The Role of LMO2 in the Pathogenesis of T-cell Leukemia
Development of N-tert-(Butyl)hydroxylamine (NtBuHA) as a therapeutic agent for treating Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (INCL)
Circumventing Barriers to Effective Oncolytic Virotherapy of Malignant Gliomas
Adolescent Medicine HIV/AIDS Research Network
Low-frequency stimulation of fiber tracts to control seizures
Airway metagenome & metabolome in bronchiolitis and risk of asthma: MARC-35 cohort
HIV, HCV, Hippo, and Liver Disease Progression
Serial Killers to Mosquitos: The Spatial Targeting of Larval habitats in rural Uganda using geographic Profiling
Bayesian modeling of mood-driven decision biases for predicting clinical outcome
Marval Biosciences Inc. has developed a novel liposomal X-ray contrast agent (NCTX)1. With prior SBIR funding (1R43EB04700), we demonstrated facile blood pool imaging, and enabled the simultaneous imaging of cardiac and pulmonary features, something that is not possible to do with conventional contrast agents. Marval is currently developing large scale production facilities for NCTX, and has demonstrated 4 liter production of the agent. We anticipate producing NCTX at the 50L scale under GLP conditions within the next 12 months, and pursuing an IND application shortly afterwards. In a recent, highly significant discovery it was shown that NCTX can predict the outcome of chemotherapy using Stealth Liposomal Doxorubicin (SLD). NCTX consists of a clinically used Iodinated contrast agent encapsulated in a Pegylated liposome. One expects therefore, that NCTX will extravasate in tumors in the same way that SLD (e.g. Doxil(r)) does, by the so-called Enhanced Permeation and Retention (EPR) effect. In addition to the molecular effect of doxorubicin in inhibiting topoisomerase-II, the efficacy of SLD in treating a tumor is fundamentally dependent on (1) the extent of its localization in the tumor and (2) the release of the active drug from the liposomes after localization. It is well-known that the degree of tumor vasculature leakiness differs not only among same type tumors but even spatially within the same tumor. It was therefore hypothesized that the extent of extravasation of NCTX in individual tumors would be a predictor of the extravasation of SLD, and therefore of the efficacy of SLD in treating a specific tumor. To test these hypotheses, NCTX was used to image rat mammary adenocarcinomas using a clinical mammography instrument. It was demonstrated that in individual rats bearing tumors of identical size and morphology, those specific tumors that exhibited high NCTX uptake as visualized by X-ray imaging were the most susceptible to treatment by SLD. There are currently 128 ongoing clinical trials in the US (www.ClinicalTrials.gov), of Stealth Liposomal Doxorubicin (Doxil(r) and various generic equivalence candidates). Even if a small fraction of these trials are successful, one anticipates that the number of patients treated with SLD will dramatically increase in coming years. While liposomal doxorubicin does reduce the side effects of chemotherapy, it still has significant side effects of its own, including cardiotoxicity and hand-foot syndrome12. The ability to predict the efficacy of liposomal doxorubicin in treating a specific tumor, in a patient-specific manner, would therefore be of enormous clinical utility. In Phase 1 of this SBIR project therefore, we seek to develop NCTX as a prognosticator of SLD efficacy. If successful, this project will lead to a new indication for NCTX. To date, we have demonstrated the prognostication ability in a syngeneic rat mammary tumor, the MAT B-III adenocarcinoma. Yet, liposomal doxorubicin (specifically Doxil) is primarily used for Ovarian cancer. In this project, we therefore propose to test the prognostic ability of NCTX in relevant ovarian cancer mouse models.
Small Business Innovation Research Grants (SBIR) - Phase I (R43)
1R43CA141747-01
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-BST-Z (10))
Kurtz, Andrew J
Marval Biosciences, Inc.
Manvel
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Their AAA butcher shop offers a wide selection of red meat, poultry, and pork raised on local Ontario farms, as well as ready-to-cook meals such as stuffed chicken, pork or salmon. They also carry local produce including apples from Hoekstra Farms, and fresh baked goods, Empire Cheese and have an extensive frozen food selection. It's a one stop shop!


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is responsible for the establishment of fair, accurate and equitable property assessments for both residents and businesses of the township. The Assessing Department is also responsible for preparing the Assessment Rolls and Tax Rolls of the Townships for all property classes subject to taxation. The true cash value and taxable status of all taxable properties are determined by the Asssessing Department. The constitution of the State of Michigan alongside state statutes require that the assessed values placed upon the assessment roll shall be at fifty percent (50%) of true cash or market value. Assessment and Tax Rolls are based on the property status as of Dec. 31 (Tax Day) of the previous year.