text:
What Is the Scale of the Literary Object?
Feb 1, 2019 Edited by: Rebecca L. Walkowitz
We're not arguing for a turn to scale in modernist studies. It's too late for that. The turn to scale began geographically at least 15 years ago, with the new theories of world literature and with the call, within modernist studies, to recognize larger ambits for the sourcing, making, developing, and adapting of modernist art. What has been called "the transnational turn" and, later, "global...
Placing Du Bois's Ophelia: Multi-Scalar Black Modernity
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To encounter black modernity via W. E. B. Du Bois is to tangle with questions of exemplarity and exceptionality. For my students in a large...
Feb 1, 2019 By: Katherine Fusco
To encounter black modernity via W. E. B. Du Bois is to tangle with questions of exemplarity and exceptionality. For my students in a large lecture class on the "American Experience," many of whom are the first in their family to receive a college degree, many of whom are first- or second-generation immigrants, Booker T. Washington's message of casting one's bucket down can resonate more strongly than what they sometimes read as the elitism of Du Bois's talented tenth. As a member of that tenth, Du Bois does not always speak to them—yeah, well, that guy went to Harvard, but that's not most people; that's not me.
Lately, I've been pitching Du Bois differently, paratextually, via the images that flooded the Crisis offices, particularly in response to the Education and Children's Numbers of the magazine. In the unsubtle space of the lecture hall, I've presented a simple "it's hard to be what you can't see" message, projecting slide after slide of black graduates, young men and women in mortar board and tassel looking proudly at the camera. As would-be graduates themselves, my students seem to resonate more strongly with this approach.
But spending time with the images and letters in the University of Massachusetts Du Bois archives, I hear a different voicing of my students' initial skepticism, an objection with which Du Bois would wrangle, and one we see in the discussions of close and distant reading in literary studies. It is a tension between hot emotions and cool analysis, one between individuality and exemplarity. In political and pedagogical work alike the scale of analysis matters, and the solution is not so simple as opposing or even synthesizing scalar extremes.
Questions of distance matter in a particular way when helping students approach minority-authored texts. Du Bois's sociological tendencies can, at first encounter, harden bad scalar habits of approaching historical documents of black life. Although all "old" texts bear the burden of representing the past, this burden perhaps weighs especially heavily on the works of minority authors. Whereas white authors may be particular, black authors are either seen as speaking for the race, and thus operating on a very large scale—or, for students who insist upon race blindness, black writers are "just people," a kind of localizing move (Du Bois is just Du Bois, not black) allowing universal feelings of identification that are equally problematic. What I propose in this essay is that the paratextual materials surrounding Du Bois's writings, and the Crisis "Children's Number" in particular, dramatize struggles with exemplarity and particularity in a pedagogically useful manner. And further, that the shuttling back and forth between scales that emerges in the contest between Du Bois and his readers may be the kind of scalar activity best suited for helping orient students to black modernity.
Paratextual Orphans
Fig. 1. "Ophelia," from the October 1919 issue of The Crisis.
In the UMass special collections Du Bois's readers can be heard asking a question very near to that of my first-gen students. The question goes something like this: okay for you, Dr. Du Bois, but what about my babies and me?
The particular baby with whom this essay is concerned is Ophelia. She can be located online by anyone who searches The Crisis's digitized issues. There, in a "Children's Number" dated October 1919, Du Bois closes his five-page "Opinion" section with a picture of an infant and a two-paragraph subsection titled "Ophelia":
Ophelia wants to be somebody's baby. She has never known the love and gentleness that most little babies find waiting when they come into the world, for her mother "gave her up" when she was very tiny. She is now four months old and in splendid physical condition. She is light in color, with soft, pretty hair, and round, bright eyes. She comes of good family.
If Ophelia is to grow into a healthy, happy little girl, she must have a home and the care and affection of a kind father and mother. Anyone who is interested should write immediately to THE CRISIS.[1]
In his introduction to the child, Du Bois makes Ophelia the active agent, desiring, particular—"Ophelia wants to be somebody's baby"—and in the paragraph that follows, we learn of Ophelia in increasingly granular detail, ranging from the mother who cannot keep her to her looks and genealogy. By the second paragraph, though, Ophelia becomes less individualized and localized, transforming into a hypothetical child, whose status as a "healthy, happy little girl" depends upon the conditional "if" that can only be made good by Du Bois's magazine's quality readership. With her Shakespearian name, place in the children's issue, and abrupt insertion at the end of Du Bois's column, it's a little hard to know how to take Ophelia. Did Du Bois really intend to act as adoption agency? Did readers follow up on this offer? As it turns out, he did and they did. The following month, Du Bois reveals that Ophelia "has selected a home!"[2]
But in addition to traversing one little girl's journey to adoption, when Du Bois ties her future to text—"Anyone who is interested should write"— Ophelia also begins her expansion into a paratextual being. Many anyones do respond to Du Bois's call, sending the contemporary scholar and student to seek Ophelia's fortunes in new textual, visual, and regional spaces. The letters in the archive come from Philadelphia, Oklahoma, and Texas. And, as Du Bois reports in the next issue, many more fill his mailbox. Within the follow-up column, in which he notes that Ophelia had "twenty-six states and one hundred and forty-six towns to choose from!," Du Bois reminds his readers of the magazine's extensive geographic network, making the matter of one black child's adoption speak to larger matters of black publishing and reading practice ("Opinion," 337). At the level of text, then, Ophelia and her potential adoptive parents evidence a national black middle class full of respectable potential families.
Personal Testimonies and Particularity
But even as she expands geographically to be an exemplary baby of the race, in the letters themselves, we see that "Ophelia" calls forth testimony that is particular and personal, both regionally specific and deeply intimate. The readers write in to demonstrate their fitness—often in class or religious terms—as well as the sincerity of their longing for a child, as is the case in the October 18 letter of a Mrs. Laura James:
Dear Crisis,
How my heart did spring for joy when I read the want ad for little Ophelia. We should be very glad to get her and to be a real kind father and mother to her and also to educate her to the highest. The only thing lacking around this home of ours is a darling sweet baby and I think Ophelia would be satisfied with her new home for we would do every thing to make her a happy, healthy baby. We are both christians, belonging to the catholic church. We have a six room house and a seven passenger car awaiting her arrival.
Hoping to receive a favorable reply, I am
Mrs. Laura James[3]
Here, Mrs. James's bodily reaction spurs a flight of fancy that places baby Ophelia within a very specific domestic scene, wandering the rooms of the James's upper-middle-class home and touring in the "seven passenger car" that awaits her arrival. By engaging both text and paratext, the contemporary reader shifts scales of analysis, allowing the national and the local as well as the political work of Du Bois's exemplary orphan and the personal yearnings of the individual would-be parents to exist in a layered vision, rather than one eclipsing the other.
The Shifting Scales of Ophelia's Case
Such multi-scalar shuttling allows us to see more, but may require resisting the contemporary reader's own desire to extrapolate from the particular. In the edited collection The Correspondence of W.E.B. Du Bois, for example, Du Bois's spare paragraphs are made to seem typical. The editors note, "There were few services that Du Bois's Crisis did not perform. From time to time, for example, the magazine helped arrange for the adoption of a child. In the October 1919 issue (18:287), a baby named Ophelia was so offered."[4] What's unclear, however, from a perusal of the children's issues from this time is whether this practice occurred more than once. As readers seeking meaning, we may wish to press particular instances into larger significance, but risk losing specific and local meanings in the process.
I admit to pushing timid undergraduates to scale up in such a fashion when I talk about close reading—"Don't be afraid to riff a little; what are you seeing here?" This small girl in a bit of column is so suggestive: with her literary name, Du Bois's perhaps eugenic descriptions of her good breeding, and a very middle-class portrait, Ophelia may be a little baby, but she is also a wonderful anecdote. And she's an anecdote with a heightened affective charge—an orphaned baby! —thus exemplifying the secular humanist appeals Heather Love has located in our disciplinary commitments to the close and deep as well as what Lauren Berlant describes as both the potential and the danger of "the case."[5] Introducing Critical Inquiry's special double issue "On The Case," Berlant explains, "This project presumes that to ask the question of what makes something a case, and not merely a gestural instance, illustration, or example, is to query the adequacy of an object to bear the weight of an explanation worthy of attending to and taking a lesson from; the case is actuarial. It raises questions of precedent and futurity, of canons of contextualization, of narrative elucidation."[6] Ophelia is an awkward case, not the sort of exemplar the editors of Du Bois's letters seem to wish her to be, nor precedent-setting for Du Bois's future social work through the magazine. However, citing Andrew Abbot, Berlant reminds us, "It is precisely in the reflection about what x is a case of that real theory arises," and, a little later in the essay, she cautions that the singularity of some cases opens them to broader significance: "Sometimes, though, an event more than perturbs; it disturbs, creates a louder noise that opens up the field of debate about expertise, modes of description, narration, evaluation, argument, and judgment" ("On the Case," 669, 671). Though Berlant here imagines the particularly scandalous case, with the matter of Ophelia, and as I'll suggest momentarily, the babies who appear throughout Du Bois's publications and letters, we find ourselves in the realm of cases that are particularly sticky, not for their scandalous nature, but for the emotional intensity surrounding infantile examples. As one shifts between the nationalist vision expressed in Du Bois's writing and the more local and personalized claims of the letter writers, it is precisely a debate about what kind of example one's child can be that emerges.
The scale of Du Bois's ambitions is very different from those of his readers. As Donal Harris has argued, while Du Bois saw the periodical as "the ideal print form for wedding his political and aesthetic goals," as the magazine became increasingly popular in the 1910s "it confronted an increasingly diverse readership that . . . ambivalently responded to the magazine's representations of African American life."[7] In the case of Ophelia and the magazine's children, we see an ambivalence about the scale of care: The Crisis positions love for the black child as part of racial love, a measurement of care that is at least national, if not global, in scope, but the readers' letters simultaneously disperse that love across the nation and localize it, personalize it. In the archive, Ophelia expands and contracts, she is both a name that crosses state lines and in the imaginings of the readers she becomes their baby. The fact that she is lots of somebodies' potential baby does not dampen the emotional intensity of the letters. For example, Ophelia calls forth this scale-shifting testimony from Houston, Texas:
The Crisis,
I would like very much to know if the Babies that came out in your October number are they Orphans? The reason I ask. I have several families that have no children like myself and they own nice homes and are able to take a child and give it the best care and education and if some one has beat me to Little Ophelia please look out for me another and let me no how to get her and on what terms. My wife wrote you concerning a baby girl and I hope we wont be disappointed. We colored people hear don't and can't get our own colored orphans the whites take them and put them in some place they call a home, just raising them up for their own use. I am married and have a nice home and a couple of lots. But home don't seem to be complete without children somehow. And myself and wife would be so proud if we could adopt a little girl of our own. So do the best you can for us and you will never regret it. I will pay you for your trouble.
Obligingly
Mr. Press Lester
Mrs Belle Lester[8]
Here the Lesters' toggle scales, moving between an appeal to the broader legal and political situation of black communities faced with racist adoption policies and their strong personal desires to "complete" their home with a baby of their own. Moreover, this letter also indicates the distracting pull of the images accompanying The Crisis's text, which lead Mr. and Mrs. Lester to conflate Ophelia with other babies in the magazine. Here, the photos appearing throughout the issue reverse the typical relation between Du Bois and his description of black children—while he only writes to promote the adoption of one child, the appealing images of children throughout the issue lead the Lesters to imagine Ophelia to be a much more exemplary case than she was.
The Brownies' Book's Failure to Particularize
It's an interesting coincidence that the issue in which Du Bois confuses the Lesters by donning the role of adoption agency is also that in which he declares his ill-fated intention to take over the schooling for all children of the race, including those who are very much in possession of parents. Just ahead of his notice about Ophelia, Du Bois announces his launch of The Brownies' Book, a magazine especially for young black boys and girls. For a number of reasons, the magazine is not a success, but perhaps one is because Du Bois doesn't hear the call for particularity in his readers' letters. In the announcement, he scales his readers' affections upward: "The Children's CRISIS has been published annually for nine years, and is easily the most popular number of the year—that is, it makes the widest appeal to our readers. This is as it should be. Of course, we are and must be interested in our children above all else, if we love our race and humanity" ("Opinion," The Crisis 18, no. 6, 285). While Du Bois operates at the abstracted scale of love for race and humanity, his readers once again insist upon their more local and personal experience. This can be seen in part through The Crisis's readers' refusal to use Du Bois's language when writing in about the special issues. Though Du Bois titled these special issues "The Children's Number," correspondence reveals his audience's insistence upon referring to these installments as "the baby issue," an emotionally-charged renaming that occurs across a number of letters. Additionally, Du Bois receives several pointed letters asking what it will take for the writers' particular children to appear in the pages. One mother, for example, takes Du Bois to task:
I would like very much to no what is the trouble I never see my Babies in the Crisis as I sent them last November. As I subscribed for the Crisis for one year last November and I can see all kind of babies in the Crisis but I never see mine what is the trouble may I ask and how much money do I half to send before the babies will appear in the Crisis would you kindly let me no on return mail this is the 4th or 5th letter I have ritten. I have just receive Oct number and my babies are not in this one now you look this matter up at once and let me know where or not they will come out in November or December number if not you may kindly return them to me and Oblige. the names is Octavia Garey and Marie Garey
Yours very truly
Mrs. C.C. Garey[9]
Du Bois replies, "The difficulty about our Children's number is very easy to explain: —we receive four and five times as many pictures as we can possibly publish . . . However, we are going to publish a book especially for children, called the BROWNIES' BOOK, and we hope in that to have more space for the interesting children's pictures."[10] From the archives, we don't know whether Du Bois found the Garey children's images "interesting" enough to print. What we might imagine, though, from reading Mrs. Garey's letter, is that she'd likely be unimpressed with Du Bois's response, or with his habit of printing photographs of children unlabeled, simply listing the numbers of children present in an issue—"Pictures of Seventy-four Colored Children," reads the October 1919 Crisis's table of contents. Despite the seeming indication of abundance in this caption, Mrs. Garey's letter as well as the photographs of various children and graduates sent into the magazine evidence the much larger group of individuals never pressed into service as examples for the race. If, for Du Bois, art must be propaganda, the letters in the archive make different claims, as the impulse of I, me, mine demonstrates an insistent indifference to Du Bois's concerns for exemplarity and scalability.
Conclusion: Scaling as Activity
We see misunderstandings, too, in anxieties about scaling our scholarly loves. For example, eminently patient ambassador for the digital humanities Ted Underwood has spoken to the false divide between "distant" and "close" reading as a confusion that keeps conversations among literature scholars "needlessly parochial and polemical."[11] Or, more provocatively, as Katherine Bode argues, distant and close reading may amount rather problematically to the same thing: "Where distant reading and microanalysis are celebrated—or decried—for their departure from close reading, these approaches share a disregard for textual scholarship and an assumption that literary works are stable and singular entities."[12] For Bode, close and distant reading alike would be better served by a less exclusionary vision of textual meaning. One example of this kind of scholarship forms the mission of The Black Press Research Collective, a DH group founded by Kim Gallon, which "strives to avoid homogenizing newspapers of the Diaspora but to explore how they operate in specific periods and settings."[13] Bode's and Gallon's calls to keep multiple scales in view appear motivated by the ethical treatment of texts themselves, but answering these calls has the added benefit of keeping options open for the scholar and teacher. In the context of my own students, the case of Ophelia shows what becomes pedagogically possible when we resist choosing scales and instead see the dilation and contraction of our reading practices as a crucial interpretive activity, rather than a process of arriving at a fixed perspective. Establishing a truly multi-scalar reading may mean turning more and more frequently to a topic's dispersal across language and image, text and paratext. Tracking the geographically and also textually dispersed Ophelia across the archive allows a quotidian black modernity to emerge, one that includes deep longing, interpretive errors, personal aspirations, political ideals, and private claims on children. Whether considering differences in state-based adoption practices, catching glimpses of personal domestic life, or (for example) looking with students at images preserved in the archive but not selected for inclusion in the magazine, paratextual multi-scalar reading might allow us to have more robust conversations about Du Bois's visions of black modernity and who is left out of these visions, failing to rise to the level of example.[14] Perhaps most importantly, a multi-scalar investigation that reveals the tension between Du Bois's national and racial commitments and the more individualistic wants of parents and would-be parents makes poignant the way desires for representation can be both deeply personal and broadly political.
I'd like to thank Laura McGrath for her help with this essay. Research in the Du Bois Papers was made possible by grants from the Modernist Studies Association and the University of Nevada, Reno.
[1] W. E. B. Du Bois, "Opinion," The Crisis 18, no. 6 (1919): 283–87, 287.
[3] Laura James, "Letter to Crisis," October 18, 1919, MS 312, W. E. B. Du Bois Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries.
The letters appear here as they were written. Spelling and punctuation are as they originally appeared.
[4] The Correspondence of W. E. B. Du Bois: Selections, 1877–1934, ed. Herbert Aptheker (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1997), 235.
[5] See Heather Love, "Close but not Deep: Literary Ethics and the Descriptive Turn," New Literary History 41, no. 2 (2010): 371–91.
[6] Lauren Berlant, "On the Case," Critical Inquiry 33, no. 4 (2007): 663–72, 666.
[7] Donal Harris, On Company Time: American Modernism in the Big Magazines (New York: Columbia University Press, 2016), 62, 82.
[8] Press and Laura Lester, "Letter to Crisis," October 19, 1919, MS 312, W. E. B. Du Bois Papers.
[9] C. C. Garey, "To W. E. B. Du Bois," October 1919, MS 312, W. E. B. Du Bois Papers.
[10] W. E. B. Du Bois, "To Mrs. C. C. Garey," October 23, 1919, MS 312, W. E. B. Du Bois Papers.
[11] Ted Underwood, "Distant Reading and Recent Intellectual History," Debates in the Digital Humanities (2016).
[12] Katherine Bode, "The Equivalence of 'Close' and 'Distant' Reading; or, Toward a New Object for Data-Rich Literary History," Modern Language Quarterly 78, no. 1 (2017): 77–106, 91.
[13] "About," The Black Press Research Collective.
[14] New work on Du Bois's sociological vision offers yet another important avenue for considering the significance of scale to understandings of black modernity. Published this year, Whitney Battle-Baptiste and Britt Rusert's new edited volume W. E. B. Du Bois's Data Portraits: Visualizing Black America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton Architectural Press, 2018) is already an indispensable resource for the field.
Paul Saint-Amour, University of Pennsylvania


text:
'Elite' Scottish Universities paper over education cracks
LET'S FACE IT – Scotland doesn't really lead the world in anything much. Our sports teams are mediocre, we have almost no globally significant businesses, and our economic performance is sluggish.
But there is one field in which Scotland really does lead the world – in the performance of our universities. In the league table of world universities there are five Scottish institutions in the world's top 200. For a population of five million people this is a phenomenal score, much better proportionally than Canada's six, Australia's eight or France's four. Scotland has more elite Universities per head of population than any other country on earth.
So maybe we should be asking the question – are we actually doing far too well? Is it appropriate that we have the single best higher education system in the world.
With a limited amount of national wealth to spend, we have to make judgments about where our resources are to be directed. Walk around any Scottish university campus today and you cannot fail to be highly impressed by the quality and quantity of their estates. So, at a time where there is a permanent chronic shortage of hospital beds in our NHS, or where schools need to teach classes in portacabins, is it appropriate that the well-equipped lecture theatres and laboratories at our universities are empty and unused for more than half of the year?
The last PISA international league tables of school performance showed that Scotland has performed worse than ever against 34 other developed countries. Since 2006 Scotland has dropped from 11th to 26th in reading and from 11th to 24th in mathematics and there are 4000 fewer schoolteachers today than when the SNP came to government in 2007. The traditional view that Scottish education is one of the best in the world has long gone.
Of course, our high quality universities are excellent at attracting international students, bringing fees that are welcomed. And it's not just their money that is appreciated – most academics in science and engineering find that international students arrive with higher skills in mathematics than Scottish ones. In fact many Scottish universities find that they need to provide remedial courses for domestic students to bring them up to an equivalent standard.
To justify their position in society – and their funding – universities have made a pact with Government – if supported they will transform the economy; and there is no doubt that a highly skilled workforce is essential to a modern society and that our university system contributes a core part of this task.
But this calculation is now beginning to fail with regard to international students. The UK Home Office has been discouraging non-EU applicants – the number of Indian students coming here to study has dropped by 60% since 2012 – and has curtailed the right to work after graduation. The pioneering 'Fresh Talent' post-study visa for Scotland was arbitrarily cancelled by the Westminster Government in 2012. And Brexit is likely to mean that restrictions imposed on non-EU students may well be extended to EU ones after 2019.
If we are to maintain the best university system in the world then there should be a good reason to do so. By discouraging international students from coming here and then forbidding them from working in Scotland afterwards it means that Scotland's world-leading universities will make a significantly poorer contribution to our economic performance.
It looks like we need to urgently increase the quality of our own education system – all of it – and not just rely on our 'elite' institutions.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Classes described in this section are defined in PT.java file. Any template project created for task solving on Java imports this file.
The PT class provides tools for task initialization and data input-output. A solution of task should be developed in solve function, which must contain calls of methods of the PT class.
The task method initializes a task named name. It must be called at the beginning of the solve function that contains task solution. If the solve function does not contain the task method call then the program output the error message "The task function with a task name is not called".
The get methods must be used to input initial data values in the program. They must be called after the task method, otherwise the program output the error message "The task function with a task name is not called at the beginning of the program".
The put method must be used to output results on the screen and compare obtained results with control data (i.e., correct results). It must be called after the task method, otherwise the program output the error message "The task function with a task name is not called at the beginning of the program".
The put method may be used for output data of any admissible type: boolean, int, double, char, String, and Node. Due to a parameter type Object... it is possible to use any number of parameters in the put method. If one of parameters is of invalid type then the program raises the IllegalArgumentException exception with the error message "The put method has an argument of invalid type". A parameter type must correspond to the type of output data item, otherwise the program output the error message "Invalid type is used for an output data item".
The string parameter may contain explicit line-breaks as follows: '\r' (carriage return), '\n' (new line) or their combination "\r\n".
The hideTask method hides all sections of the Programming Taskbook window with the exception of the debug section (and therefore increases the debug panel height). If the debug panel contains no data then the call of the hideTask method is ignored. All subsequent calls of this method are ignored too.
The Node class is an internal class of the PT class and is used in the Dynamic and Tree group tasks. In the introductory tasks of the Dynamic group (Dynamic1–Dynamic2) and in the tasks devoted to stacks and queues (Dynamic3–Dynamic28) the Data and Next properties of the Node class are used. In the tasks devoted to lists (Dynamic29–Dynamic80) all properties (Data, Next, Prev) of Node class are used. In the most tasks devoted to binary trees the Data, Left, and Right properties of the Node class are used. The Parent property is used in the tasks devoted to doubly linked binary trees (Tree48–Tree56 and Tree70–Tree71).


Presbyterian College and head softball coach Britne Stubbs announced the signing of outfielder Shircoria Bosket (North Augusta), outfielder Madison DeGennaro (Lebanon, Ohio), infielder Katelyn Petty (Union), pitcher Jaiden Tweed (Black Mountain, N.C.), and pitcher Taylor Ward (Mission Viejo, Calif.) to play for the Blue Hose in 2018.
Personal: Born Shircoria Marlena Bosket in Greenwood, S.C. ... Daughter of Derrick and Tanisha Gibson and Marcus Bosket ... She chose PC because of the atmosphere, it felt like home and she loved the coaching staff, so did her family ... Intends to major in Biology.
Personal: Born Madison Sabra DeGennaro in Landstuhl, Germany, Jan. 24, 2000 ... Parents are Brian and Cathy DeGennaro ... She chose PC because of the academic opportunities, campus, and softball program ... Intends to major in Business Administration.
Personal: Born Katelyn Brianna Petty in Union, Feb. 2, 2000 ... Parents are Tom and Karen Petty ... Father played baseball and Spartanburg Methodist and USC Upstate ... She chose PC because it is a great academic school, has a small classroom environment, and she loved the softball coaches ... Intends to major in accounting.
Personal: Born Jaiden Paige Tweed in Asheville, N.C., Nov. 11, 1999 ... Parents are Heath and April Tweed ... She chose PC for the family atmosphere and because really enjoyed the student to professor ratio, as well as the rigorous classes offered ... As soon as she stepped on campus she had a sense of home, Coach Stubbs and Coach Butler had a lot do that with that ... Major is undecided.
Personal: Taylor Nicole Ward was born April 4, 2000 in Mission Viejo, Calif. ... Daughter of Patrick and Julie Ward ... She chose PC because she loved the family environment ... She enjoyed the small community, the beautiful campus, and she fell in love with the coaching staff very quickly ... Intends to major in Psychology.
Four tournaments, including a spring break trip to Jacksonville, Fla., and games against six 2017 NCAA Regional participants highlight Presbyterian College softball's 2018 schedule released last Wednesday by Head Coach Britne Stubbs.
The Blue Hose open the first 17 of 19 games on the road, the only home series in February a doubleheader against Furman.
PC takes part in the Coastal Carolina Tournament Feb. 9-11, to open the 2018 season. The Blue Hose face 2017 NCAA Tournament team St. Francis, as well as UNCG, Iowa State, and the host Chanticleers.
The Blue Hose head down to Charleston Feb. 17, for the Cougar Classic, taking on DePaul and Iona in their one-day stop.
Presbyterian College is closer to home Feb. 24-25, when the Blue Hose participate in the Spartan/Paladin Invitational for the second year in a row. PC takes on Marshall and Furman in Greenville, S.C., on the 24th, and then travels to USC Upstate to face the Spartans on the 25th.
For spring break, the Blue Hose head to Jacksonville, Fla., for the Osprey Classic/Dolphin Invitational. PC faces Middle Tennessee State and UNF on the campus of UNF Mar. 2, before facing Virginia Tech and Jacksonville on Jacksonville's campus Mar. 3. The Blue Hose return to the UNF campus Mar. 4, to take on Middle Tennessee State to round out tournament play.
Spring break concludes with a stop in Atlanta Mar. 7, to play Georgia State, and then a three-game home series against Tennessee Tech Mar. 10-11.
After hosting East Tennessee State in a doubleheader Mar. 16, the Blue Hose head to Boiling Springs, N.C., Mar. 16-17, to open Big South play against Gardner-Webb. PC then heads to Cullowhee for a non-conference doubleheader against Western Carolina, Mar. 20.
The Blue Hose host Liberty Mar. 24-25, then travel to Charleston Southern Mar. 30-31. A five-game home stand awaits PC afterwards with South Carolina State doubleheader April 4, and a three-game series against Winthrop April 7-8. Just a couple of days later the Blue Hose head to UNCG for an April 10, doubleheader, before returning home for the final time to face Longwood April 14-15.
PC is at Georgia Tech April 18, then at Campbell April 20-21. The Blue Hose round out the regular season at Radford, April 27-28. The Big South Tournament is at Radford May 9-12, with the winner earning an automatic bid to the 2018 NCAA Tournament.


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"We created the Tool specifically to help with the planning of website content. All too often time is spent on the look and feel of the website, but the content is ignored. Many businesses know they need a strong web presence but have no idea how to get one," said Dr Katherine Bean PhD, Managing Director at DVANA.
The SSE-OPT™ is immediately available from the DVANA website at http://dvana.com/, there are links from the Marketing Section or at http://dvana.com/marketing/simple-seo-planning-toolkit.
More information on DVANA's products or DVANA can be found at dvana.com.
If you'd like more information about this topic, or to schedule an interview with Dr. Katherine Bean, please call Sheila Bean at 01244 566 216 or email Sheila at sheila@dvana.com.


text:
Q: SQL - SELECT statement syntax In a select statement to open a flat file on my desktop, I used the following code, but it failed.
SELECT * FROM C:\Users\MikeAD\Desktop\DistributionFile.txt

Does anyone know the correct syntax for this?
I also tried
  SELECT * FROM OPENDATASOURCE(
           'Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0',
           'Data Source=C:\Users\MikeAD\Desktop\DistributionFile.txt)

A: Try to use the following query:
select *
from OpenDataSource( 'Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0',
'Data Source=C:\Users\MikeAD\Desktop;Extended Properties="Text;HDR=YES;"',
'select * from DistributionFile.txt')

or
select * from OpenDataSource('Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0',
'Text;Database=C:\Users\MikeAD\Desktop\;HDR=YES')...[DistributionFile#txt]

Also see the article Connect to Text Files with the Microsoft Jet ODBC Text Driver
by Steve Kass

A: In this way, normally, I can select form text files:
select *
from openrowset('MSDASQL'
               ,'Driver={Microsoft Text Driver (*.txt; *.csv)}'
               ,'select * from C:\Temp\test1.CSV')

In order to get this working, you have to enable adhoc distributed query as follow:
ad hoc distributed queries Server Configuration Option
Let me know
Giova

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I know his team is 4-6 and just gave up 52 points to Eastern Illinois and all (who at 3-7 themselves won't exactly be going to the Rose or Sugar)** but that is no reason to flee the "let's hire Will Healy!" bandwagon so fast. Have some faith in your convictions.
** Yes, I know that FCS schools have a playoff and don't go to bowls. Healy won't be going to the FCS playoffs this season any more than he is going to the Rose or Sugar bowls. Or even the Idaho Potato Bowl.
Re: What happened to "let's hire Will Healy!" - ???
Commodoredave wrote: Feel better now?
No. Not until the "hire Will Healy" brigade arrive to defend their choice to be the next head coach.
They are probably busy swearing to never support VU sports again if the guy from Army is hired as A.D. (even though he was an associate A.D. at both Duke and Notre Dame).
Let me see if I got this right... Army, Duke and Notre Dame = not good enough. APSU = plenty good enough.
You are truly a tool.
commadore wrote: You are truly a tool.
No. You are. I just saw your picture.
I will be at the game Friday night. Want to come say that to my face.


Diana had always been interested in movement any physiology, so she decided to quit her job in recruitment to pursue a more fulfilling career where she could make a difference to people's lives.
Since qualifying as a physiotherapist in 1997 she has developed her skills working as a Senior Physiotherapist in Musculoskeletal Outpatients and gaining further qualifications in Acupuncture and Pilates.
By attending many post graduate training courses Diana has become an expert at treating chronic pain and post injury rehabilitation, she uses a combination of therapies to help people get back to exercise and gain control over stubborn pain. As an AACP (Acupuncture Association of Chartered Physiotherapists) member Diana finds it very useful to incorporate acupuncture into her combination of therapies to treat many painful musculoskeletal conditions.
Diana's favourite form of exercise is a combination of Pilates and yoga, she is a Matwork instructor and frequently includes Pilates exercises in her treatments as well as personally taking part in weekly classes, she believes Pilates is a great way to stay strong and flexible.


The stories in A Manual for Cleaning Women make for one of the most remarkable unsung collections in twentieth-century American fiction.
With extraordinary honesty and magnetism, Lucia Berlin invites us into her rich, itinerant life: the drink and the mess and the pain and the beauty and the moments of surprise and of grace. Her voice is uniquely witty, anarchic and compassionate. Celebrated for many years by those in the know, she is about to become - a decade after her death - the writer everyone is talking about. The collection will be introduced by Lydia Davis.


The tracer detects that the second segment is on the planet Calufrax - somewhere that the Doctor is less than enamoured with.
The TARDIS makes a very bumpy landing and when the Doctor and Romana leave to find the segment they discover that they are not on Calufrax at all, but on a planet called Zanak. Zanak is in fact a hollow planet, which has been fitted with engines so that it can transmat through space and materialise around other planets - such as Calufrax - and drain them of their energy and minerals, leaving them as shrunken husks held by gravitational forces in a 'trophy room' on Zanak.
Zanak is governed from a complex known as the Bridge by the Captain, half-man half-robot, who is in thrall of his Nurse, in reality a projection of the aged Queen Xanxia whose real body is held in stasis by a time dam. She is using the power taken from the plundered planets to keep the dam operational until her new, younger form becomes stable and permanent.
The Captain prepares Zanak to 'jump' again and this time the target is a planet rich in PJX18 (quartz) which can be used to repair the engines. The planet chosen is Terra, known to the Doctor as Earth.
The Doctor realises the truth about Xanxia - that there is no amount of energy that will give her a permanent new form - and attempts to stop Zanak from destroying the Earth. In this he is aided by the Mentiads, a gestalt of telepathic dwellers on Zanak who are sensitive to the life force of the planets that are destroyed. Under the Doctor's supervision they damage the engines by using telekinesis literally to put a spanner in the works.
The Captain asserts his independence and tries to free himself from the Nurse's control but she kills him instead. The Nurse herself is destroyed by Kimus.
The Doctor obtains the key, which he has realised is the whole planet Callufrax, by dropping the compressed husks of the planets into a space/time vortex created by the TARDIS in the centre of Zanak and then picking up the key at his leisure.


Is there a better alternative to Calculator+?
Is Calculator+ really the best app in Mathematics category?
Will Calculator+ work good on macOS 10.13.4?
Calculator+ is a lightweight scientific calculator for Mac OS X written in Cocoa Java. It supports trigs, stats, combinatorics, and algebraic functions, multiple memories, simple RPN operations, and simultaneous base conversion in base 2,8,10,16.
Calculator+ needs a rating. Be the first to rate this app and get the discussion started!


text:
Home » Lessons » Injunctive Relief for Trademark Infringement
Injunctive Relief for Trademark Infringement
This lesson introduces you to the rules governing the award of injunctive relief in actions for trademark infringement. In trademark infringement cases, the harm or loss suffered by a plaintiff is often difficult to prove because of the lack of evidence of a causal connection between the harm and the defendant's wrongful conduct. To account for this evidentiary shortfall, the judicial preference in awarding relief in trademark infringement cases is injunctive relief. Despite this judicial preference, monetary remedies remain available for trademark infringement. For a more detailed analysis of monetary remedies for trademark infringement, refer to lesson "Recovery of Damages for Trademark Infringement."
Lesson Completion Time
Access to CALI Lessons is restricted to people affiliated with CALI member organizations and those who have purchased individual memberships. You may register or login to run CALI Lessons.
CALI Topics
Lesson Authors
Danielle Conway
Dean and Professor of Law
University of Maine School of Law
Lesson ID
Recovery of Damages for Trademark Infringement
Preliminary Injunctive Relief
Lanham Act Section 43(d): Cybersquatting
Trademark Dilution: Defenses and Remedies
Appealing Injunctions
Runs in past 30 days


Application aware approach to compression and transmission of H.264 encoded video for automated and centralized transportation surveillance.
is shown to yield over 80% bitrate savings for comparable tracking accuracy.
iTRAC : intelligent video compression for automated traffic surveillance systems.


text:
Anthroposophy: General
Body, Mind, Health & Healing: General
From Sunspots to Strawberries . . .
Answers to Questions (CW 354)
Pages 240 pp.
14 lectures, Dornach, Jun 30 - Sept 24, 1924 (CW 354)
The remarkable discussions in this volume took place between Rudolf Steiner and workers at the first Goetheanum in Dornach, Switzerland. At Rudolf Steiner's instigation, the varied subjects were chosen by his audience. He took their questions and usually gave immediate answers. The astonishing nature of these responses—their insight, knowledge, and spiritual depth—is testimony to Steiner's outstanding ability as a spiritual initiate and profound thinker. Accessible, entertaining and stimulating, the records of these sessions will be a delight to anyone with an open mind.
Here, Steiner discusses Lemuria and Atlantis; vegetarianism; children's nutrition; manure and soil; hardening of the arteries; the sense of smell; weather and its causes; origin of the human being; Darwinism; earth strata and fossils; Biela's comet; lightning; volcanoes; and much more.
This volume is a translation from German of Die Schöpfung der Welt und des Menschen. Erdenleben und Sternenwirken (GA 354).
Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925) was born in the small village of Kraljevec, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now in Croatia), where he grew up. As a young man, he lived in Weimar and Berlin, where he became a well-published scientific, literary, and philosophical scholar, known especially for his work with Goethe's scientific writings. At the beginning of the twentieth century, he began to develop his early philosophical principles into an approach to systematic research into psychological and spiritual phenomena. Formally beginning his spiritual teaching career under the auspices of the Theosophical Society, Steiner came to use the term Anthroposophy (and spiritual science) for his philosophy, spiritual research, and findings. The influence of Steiner's multifaceted genius has led to innovative and holistic approaches in medicine, various therapies, philosophy, religious renewal, Waldorf education, education for special needs, threefold economics, biodynamic agriculture, Goethean science, architecture, and the arts of drama, speech, and eurythmy. In 1924, Rudolf Steiner founded the General Anthroposophical Society, which today has branches throughout the world. He died in Dornach, Switzerland.


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"Debt Crisis:" The Myth Behind the Myth
Ira Chernus,
While the two major parties plot strategy for the next battle in the federal debt-reduction war, another war rages among economists over the question, "Is debt really the federal government's biggest problem?" Some insist that unless Washington cuts spending substantially to reduce the debt quickly, we are headed for disaster. Others insist with equal fervor that growth is the number one priority: Aggressive pro-growth policies will reduce the debt in the long run with far less pain.
If the pro-growth economists could gain public support they would give liberal Democrats a powerful weapon to resist the Republican's budget-slashing ax. But the pro-growth faction makes little headway in the public arena because the political wind is blowing so strongly against it. Why should the wind blow that way?
It's not because voters have studied the competing theories carefully and concluded that the debt-crisis faction has the stronger case. When it comes to economic theory, few of us draw any conclusions at all. We get lost in the esoteric arguments so quickly that we give up trying to understand. Politicians know this; most of them are probably just as lost as the rest of us amidst the esoteric arguments.
But the best politicians know something else: Few voters care much about theories at all. Few of us make up our minds through careful logical analysis of the facts. Instead we rely on myths to organize of the vast barrage of information constantly bombarding us.
The two economic theories represent two myths, deeply rooted in American political culture, that have competed for dominance throughout our history. The debt-crisis theory is so powerful now because it evokes the more compelling myth.
(Again, to clarify: when I speak of myth, I don't mean an outright lie. Like most historians of religion, I take myths to be the stories — compounded of fact and fiction — that we take for granted, stories we use, often unconsciously, to make sense out of life and turn it into meaningful experience.)
The pro-growth view is summed up by its most prominent spokesman, Paul Krugman: The size and danger of the debt are overstated. And the best way to reduce the debt we do have is to spend more government money now to stimulate growth. Yes, it will raise the federal debt for a while. But soon the expanded economy will be putting enough back in the government coffers to erase that increased debt.
Here we have the cherished American myth of progress, or, as Barack Obama rechristened it, the myth of hope and change: America's mission is to make a better life for all its people and, in the process, for the whole world. Head out to a new frontier. Believe in your vision of the future. Invest in it. When that future arrives, things are bound to be better than they are now. So take some risk. Show some courage. That's what America is all about.
But the debt-crisis party won't buy it. The heart of their economic theory is fear, especially of federal debt. As Republican economic guru Bruce Bartlett put it, "The debt limit is the real fiscal cliff." Like individuals or families who spend beyond their means, the party can continue just so long, they say. Then comes the day of reckoning, when it's impossible to pay back the borrowed money: Bankrupt!
No one can predict when that tipping point will come, the prominent columnist Robert Samuelson has written. Like any cliff, it can remain unseen until we go over it, suddenly and unexpectedly.
He quotes economist Barry Eichengreen, "a leading scholar of the Great Depression," who warns that if the U.S. debt grows large enough bond traders will stop funding it: "This scenario will develop not gradually but abruptly. Previously gullible investors will wake up one morning and conclude that the situation is beyond salvation. They will scramble to get out. … The United States will suffer the kind of crisis that Europe experienced in 2010, but magnified."
Americans are very familiar with such warnings of a surprise attack, though not from bond traders but from foreign evildoers, be they fascists, communists, or terrorists. To draw on the current parlance, it's our myth of homeland insecurity: America is constantly at risk. Its chief mission is to protect itself from forces that would destroy it.
So let's arm ourselves well, circle the wagons, and proceed with utmost caution. Any morning we may wake up and find our nation under attack. Any misstep might plunge us over the cliff into the abyss of national catastrophe.
Economists like Krugman can argue with the most compelling logic that a nation is not like a family. Governments don't have to repay all their debts. They need only "ensure that debt grows more slowly than their tax base." And a nation's debt is largely "money we owe to ourselves." They can point out that the current federal debt is no higher (perhaps lower) that it was in the post-World War II years, when the U.S. was beginning its greatest economic boom ever.
But the myth of homeland insecurity is a formidable foe. Like any deep-seated myth, it's largely impervious to logic.
Most historians agree that Franklin D. Roosevelt's warnings about German bombers attacking Kansas City were exaggerated, to say the least. So were the warnings about a Soviet nuclear "bolt out of the blue" from Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Reagan. Nevertheless, the sense of permanent insecurity they created has become a firm pillar — perhaps the central pillar — of American political culture.
It's the foundation on which the Republicans build virtually all their rhetoric and policies. And they can tie the rising federal debt to traditional fears of foreign foes by citing warnings that the debt is "the most significant threat to our national security" (Admiral Mike Mullen) and puts the U.S. "at risk of squandering its global influence" (New York Times analyst David Sanger).
Of course even the most conservative Republicans still pay lip service to the American faith in progress. But even most Democrats agree that, when it comes to making policy, national security trumps every other concern. There's a bipartisan consensus that we must always be on the alert for threats, old and new, and ready to resist them by any means necessary. That consensus is bound to keep us insecure, constantly ready to see every new development as a potential crisis, which gives a clear edge to "homeland insecurity" in the war of the myths.
Barack Obama has paid homage to the myth of homeland insecurity ever since he first won the presidency by promising to stave off an impending financial collapse. He has promoted his major policies not only in the name of hope and change but, even more often, as ways to prevent things from getting worse. Now he constantly reassures the public that he takes the idea of an impending debt crisis very seriously and is dedicated to resolving it.
Most Democrats follow the president's lead, insisting that debt reduction is at the top of their agenda, just as Republicans insist it must be. This bipartisan consensus is a testament to the enduring dominance of the myth of homeland insecurity. It's the power of this mythology, not any facts or logic, that deprives the pro-growth view of any serious public hearing. Every day that the debate over debt reduction dominates the headlines cements America more deeply into its long-standing dominant mythology.
Every society has the right to choose its myths. But every right has a correlated responsibility. As we grow more self-conscious about the role of mythology in political life, we also have a growing responsibility to recognize the consequences of our choices. America's obsession with homeland security has already had grave consequences. The debate between debt-crisis and pro-growth economists gives us a chance, from an unexpected quarter, to consider whether we want to dig ourselves deeper into that hole.
Ira Chernus
Ira Chernus is a professor emeritus of religious studies at the University of Colorado and author of MythicAmerica: Essays. He blogs at mythicamerica.us, hosted by History News Network.


text:
sports home page | forum »
Ship Wrecks in the Cape Verdes
There are more than 70 shipwrecks from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries in Cape verde waters. For every known wreck there are probably another three or four unrecorded.
Cape Verde was an important destination for ships bound from Europe to the East and South America. It was a source of fresh water and food and a trading point for slaves, Ships sank in bad weather or sometimes because of poor navigation or charts. Sometimes a ship hits a reef off the coast at night when the pilot had no idea she was near land.
The Garthpool
The Garthpool, a large four masted sailing ship from Liverpool was wrecked off Ponta Reef in November 1929. Survivors of the Garthpool came ashore at Cantao and were then taken to Sal Rei and Sao Vicente to be shipped home to Liverpool. The locals on Boa Vista and the British consul at Mindelo looked after them well until they could returned on a Royal Mail Lines steamship on the Soutn American run, which called at Mindelo in those days for bunkering.
The Hartwell
The East Indiaman Hartwell is one of 26 shipwrecks wrecked on the Rifona Reef off the island of Boa Vista . The Hartwell sank on May 24, 1784 on her maiden voyage to China. The ship was laden with 320,000 Spanish portrait dollars valued at £770,000 for trading . During two salvage expeditions in 1788 and 1789, the brothers John and William Braithwaite recovered a good deal of general cargo including over $100,000 worth of silver coins. In 1993, permission was granted by the Cape Verde government to an begin the surveying and salvaging various shipwreck sites on the Rifona Reef. In the same year, divers began the preliminary identification and excavation of the "Hartwell." This was carried out in accordance with accepted archaeological principles, with a minimum disturbance to the site. The excavation continued until 1996. Due to rough sea conditions and strong currents characteristic of the area, diving could only be done in summer.
The Norfolk of 953 tons was built at Blackwall in 1857. She left Bathurst, in the River Gambia, on the 2nd of July, bound to Marseilles, having on board a crew of 19 hands all told, a cargo of rather more than 600 tons of ground nuts, and about 400 tons of ballast. Having crossed the bar she lay off the mouth of the river, expecting the pilot-boat to come off and take the pilot ashore; and on the 4th of the same month, whilst standing on and off the shore, she touched the ground.. Finding that the pilot-boat did not come off, they bore away for Goree, which is a little to the south of Cape Verde, for the purpose of landing the pilot; but it was not until the 9th that they succeeded in putting him on board a fishing-boat, and at 4 p.m. the same day they took their departure, Cape Verde bearing N.N.E. distant about 10 miles.
From this point the vessel was kept close hauled to the wind on the starboard tack. At midnight the second officer came on duty, and the vessel was continued on her course close hauled to the wind on the starboard tack until about half-past 1 a.m., when all the watch, including the look-out man, were called to work the pumps. On its being reported, however, to the second officer that the pumps would not act, he went off the poop on to the main deck to see what was the matter, and on lifting the upper box found that it was choked with ground nuts. Having cleared it, he proceeded to raise the lower box, but finding that he could not do so he sent for the carpenter, and while the carpenter was engaged in clearing it the vessel struck.
At this moment the boy, who was at the wheel, came running forward to say that he saw a light ahead, upon which the second officer ordered him to go and put the helm hard down, and he himself ran aft to assist in doing it. The captain, hearing a noise on deck, came up, but by that time the vessel had been got round on to the port tack. Before, however, her sails were properly full she struck again, and almost immediately afterwards she struck a third time. She was now fast, and soon afterwards fell over to port, and her masts having gone over the side she soon became a complete wreck.
An attempt was then made to launch the lifeboat, but in doing so a stanchion passed through her bottom, and the boat having filled with water went adrift, taking two of the hands with her. The pinnace was then got out, and two boats from the shore having come to their assistance, all the hands, including the two men who had gone away in the lifeboat, succeeded in landing safely at Boa Vista, whence they were taken to Sao. Vincente. The place where the vessel grounded and where she ultimately became a total wreck, was on the Hartwell Reef, a dangerous reef of rocks lying off the extreme N.E. point of Boa Vista at a distance of from 3 to 4 miles from the shore.f the Island of Boa Vista in 1787.
The Varandinha Wreck
Possibly an East Indiaman lost in about. 1850. It wrecked on the East Coast
The Sao Francisco Wreck
A 17th century trading vessel of which the name and home port are yet unknown, was discovered off the west coast of Santiago Island. It sank in about 1650. Historical research is presently being conducted in close cooperation with archaeologists to identify this ship.
Le Dromadaire
The Dromadaire, a French East Indiaman shipwrecked in bad weather in 1762, is was believed to be carrying a cargo of gold and silver worth at least $6.8 million,
It was lost in a crevice, just off the coast of Sao Vicente island, so its cargo is in small area. A 61-year-old retired British navy commander John Grattan, who directs operations for Arqueonautas, discovered the Dromadaire using a system whereby a line of up to 10 divers search for a wreck by diving parallel to the shore. Historians later identified the ship from the recovered objects. Divers found 20 iron cannons at the wreck site and a French gold coin with a picture of King Louis XV, minted in 1760. The ship was carrying 154 people when it was engulfed by rough seas. Only 77 survived, according to historical records. Gold, silver and other artefacts the divers expect to find, ranging from brass cannons to jewellery and Chinese porcelain, will be sold off by auction or offered to museums.
The Lady Burgess
An East Indiaman of 820 tons and 30 guns and with a crew of over 100, she sailed in a convoy escorted by naval ships during April of 1806 bound for Madras. Early on April 20 she and the Lord Melville became separated from the rest of the fleet and close to an uncharted reef. This is now known as the Leton reef and lies between Boa Vista and Maio. It lies entirely below the surface but is steep on the north side, rising out of deep water. , She was unable to avoid this and became lodged on it in heavy seas. The reef was 200 foot long but only 6 foot below the surface. As she started to break up longboats from the Lord Melville rescued the crew She broke up and sank in less than three hours. Her cargo was listed as iron. Lead, and general merchandise. So salvage was not attempted for over 200 years.
The Princess Louisa
The Princess Louisa was built in 1733 at Deptford in south-east London by Bronsdon and Wells, a famous firm of shipbuilders who built ships for the Royal Navy as well as very fine merchantmen. She was designed for the East India Company, which had a monopoly of England's trade with Asia, and so, although privately owned by a syndicate of merchants and businessmen, she had to conform to specifications laid down by the Company. At this period, this meant that she was a three-masted, two decker ship, about 104 feet in the keel, just over 33 feet in breadth and with a depth of hold of 14 feel, 2 inches. She had a pronounced rake in her bow and a smaller one in her stern, where her roundhouse and great cabin were built up from the deck, and would have been about 120 feet long overall at the level of her upper deck. She mounted 30 guns and was rated at 498 tons like all East Indiamen of this period, though this tonnage was an administrative fiction and the Princess Louisa would have been rather bigger, about 550 tons. Many of the ships built for the East India Company were named for royalty and the Princess Louisa was named in honour of the youngest daughter of King George II, an eight-years-old girl who was to become the Queen of Denmark in the same year that the ship met its tragic fate.
Ships like Princess Louisa were the largest, and indeed the most beautiful, in the British merchant marine and were exceeded in size in the contemporary world of merchant ships only by the larger galleons of Spain and Portugal. They had evolved during the 130 years that England had been trading with the east and were now big but graceful ships, strong, fast, well-armed and eminently suited for the long and dangerous passages that they had to make. Management of the ship was entrusted to one of the owners known as the ship's husband, in this case a businessman with wide-ranging interests called Thomas Hall, and he now had to fit out the ship, a process which could double her cost as sails, cordage, guns, provisions and the innumerable range of artifacts necessary for successful operation were purchased from specialists in the port of London. Once the ship was ready for sea, he made a charter-party for the voyage with the East India Company, an immensely complex document which covered every conceivable occurrence but, most importantly, laid down the amount of freight which was to be paid to the owners by the Company.
East Indiamen were designed to make four voyages to the east in their working lives, making the immense and arduous voyage from England south round the Cape of Good Hope and then into the Indian Ocean, calling at ports in Arabia, Persia, India, Sri Lanka, and China, depending on the vagaries of trade. The Princess Louisa set sail for her maiden voyage in November 1733 under the command of Captain Richard Pinnell. She loaded coffee at Mocha in Arabia and then sailed to Bombay to load more cargo and was back in England in April 1735, a voyage of seventeen months which was described by the young nephew of one of the owners as "very pleasant, I like the seas very well."
This was fairly short for an East India voyage which averaged between 18 months and two years. Once back in England, the ship underwent a long process of overhaul and refitting so that it was not till late in 1736 that the Princess Louisa set out on her second voyage, this time to Calcutta and back, and not till 1739 that she sailed on her third voyage to Madras, Calcutta and Bombay. These three voyages had their share of alarms and adventures, as did all voyages to the Indian Ocean, but they were on the whole successful and profitable, so that owners and crew were not particularly apprehensive when the Princess Louisa got ready for her fourth and fatal voyage early in 1743.
This time she was captained by John Pinson, his second voyage in command, and she was chartered to sail to Bombay and Persia. The crew consisted of six mates, purser, surgeon, boatswain and 91 other officers and seamen, and she also carried 14 soldiers for the service of the Company in India, a total of 115 men. This was about average for the period, though some East Indiamen carried considerable numbers of paying passengers in addition to their crews. The Princess Louisa's cargo is listed in the Commerce Journal of the East India Company and it was a typical cargo, woolen textiles for the Persia market and a mixed cargo for Bombay consisting of gunpowder, iron guns, sailcloth, cordage, iron, lead, and rather unusually ivory or "elephants' teeth", 822 tusks in all. However, the Company could never find sufficient goods with a market in Asia to pay for what they wanted to bring home and so much the most valuable part of the cargo was money, 20 chests of Spanish and Spanish American pieces of eight, a total of 69,760 ounces of silver. If this fourth voyage had been successfully completed, the return cargo would have been silk and cotton textiles, indigo, pepper and spices, saltpeter for gunpowder manufacture and a host of other things.
The Princess Louisa set sail from Portsmouth on her last voyage on 20 March 1743 in company with another East Indiaman, the Winchester commanded by Captain Gabriel Steward, 26 smaller merchantmen and, since this was a time when England was at war with Spain, a naval escort in the form of the 70-gun two-decker warship, H.M.S. Sterling Castle. However, the early stages of the voyage were uneventful and once clear of the cruising grounds of the Spanish privateers, the two East Indiamen parted from their consorts and sailed south towards the Cape Verde Islands, the Winchester struggling to keep up with the Princess Louisa who was the better sailer.
On 17 April, four weeks out of Portsmouth, Boa Vista in the Cape Verde Islands was sighted and the two ships set a course to pass through the islands. As night fell on the following day, both ships shortened sail as they entered dangerous water, the Princess Louisa's lights clearly visible about a miles ahead of the Winchester. By midnight, the island of Maio could just be seen to the south-west and about an hour later the Princess Louisa fired her guns as a signal of danger.
Shortly afterwards, the Winchester saw her sister ship "in or very near the breakers" on a reef, just in time to tack and save herself from sharing the same fate. At daybreak, the stricken ship could be seen "among the rocks without ever a mast standing and the sea making a free passage over her." The Winchester launched two boats to try and save the men from the Princess Louisa, but the sea was too high to get close and they had to pull away from the reef, while the men on the wreck despairingly "waved their hats and called to us, but we could not distinguish what they said."
A second attempt was equally unsuccessful and, by now, the upper works of the Princess Louisa had all been washed away and there was not a man to be seen. Reluctantly, the Winchester hoisted in her boats and set sail again, "there being no possibility of saving anything." "I am afraid", wrote Captain Steward in his log, "there is not a man alive of the to tell their tale."
This was too pessimistic, as we can tell from a letter written by Stephen Lightfoot, surgeon of the Princess Louisa. By his account, the ship ran onto the reef off the island of Maio at half past one in the morning. She struck several times before she was held fast by the rocks and, although severely damaged, she remained in one piece until nine in the morning when she broke in two, her forepart veering round to the poop. By now, the breakers were crashing over her to a very great height and, once it was clear that the Winchester's boats could not help them, there was no choice but to abandon ship and let each man try to save his own life.
Lightfoot saved himself by clutching onto a piece of wreckage, and "by its assistance and swimming got safe on shore, though not without great difficulty, for the breakers broke over my head several times; when I had got near land a large shark swam by me, but never offered to attack me." Forty other men, including the captain and most of the senior officers, saved their lives in similar ways, most of them being badly cut and bruised in their passage to land and some severely sunburned, like Lightfoot himself who had stripped naked before committing himself to the sea.
The remaining 74 men aboard the Princess Louisa were all drowned, most of them according to Lightfoot, in the forecastle where despairing of saving their lives, they had drunk themselves into oblivion, drinking off whole bottles of brandy to ease their passage into the next world. Nothing was saved from the ship, except what was washed up on the coast of Maio, and both survivors and corpses were stripped of their valuables by the islanders, even the naked Lightfoot being relieved of his diamond ring and a pair of gold buttons which he had hoped to save by carrying them in his mouth.
Soon Portuguese officials arrived to prevent further looting and the survivors made various arrangements to return to England, some taking passage on a ship sailing to Barbados and some to Virginia before they eventually got home to tell their story. Captain Pinson and his surviving officers were found not guilty of negligence in losing their ship and were seen to be the victims of unknown currents and inaccurate charts. Reports on the condition and location of the wreck convinced the East India Company that salvage was unlikely to be successful, though they were prepared to sign a contract on terms very favorable to the salvors, a private syndicate headed by the ship's own husband, Thomas Hall. The syndicate fitted out a galley and a sloop, both well-armed, in an expedition designed to combine privateering with the salvage of the Princess Louisa. However, they were unsuccessful in both ventures and one of their vessels was captured by the French on the way home and taken into Bayonne, thus leaving the treasure of the Princess Louisa to be discovered two and a half centuries later.
Grev Ernst Schimmelmann
A Danish East Indiaman of 1400 tons commanded by a nobleman of the same name. the ship was bound from Copehagen to China with a valuable cargo of cannon and Swedish coin. She was then one of the largest ships in the world. She hit a reef off the North coast of Maio on April 24 1781, the crew being saved. Many of the ships timbers were used in the construction of th new church at Porto Ingles on Maio.
An auction of part of the Swedish copper coins (approx. 25% of the over 800 coins recovered, of which half remain in Cape Verde for public display, with Thomas Hoiland of Copenhagen, ended with an excellent result of over €100,000. This was twice as much as expected, mainly due to the interest of Danish collectors in their own maritime history - well reflected by this beautiful and unique coins. The coin was recovered in 1999, north of Maio from the Danish " Grev Ernst Schimmelmann " wreck of 1780. The auction took place at the Danish National Maritime Museum in Kronborg Castle (also known as Helsingor castle in Shakespeare`s Hamlet), a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
USS Yorktown
A 16-gun sloop laid down in 1838 in the Norfolk Navy Yard. And commission in 1840. Her first voyage was around Cape Horn to be based in Chile. Later she operated top protect American whalers in the Pacific. After being laid up for a couple of years she was recommissioned to the Africa squadron based at Praia. She operated off the African coast as far south as Cape Town capturing the slave-ships Pons, Panther, and Patuxent. In 1850 she was again on anti-slaving duties when on September 6 she struck an uncharted reef off Maio. Although the ship broke up in a very short time, not a life was lost in the wreck.
JC from Divernet reports
"At present it isn't possible to dive the older wrecks, but in the capital, Praia, you can see a great exhibition of items brought up from 400-year-old ships during an archaeological survey. Included are large lumps of fused "pieces of eight", and a gold crucifix with diamonds and emeralds still intact. Much more treasure lies down there, waiting for the government to allow marine archaeologists to recover it."


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text:
Playstation plans to rebrand PS NOW to compete with Xbox Game Pass…Will it work?
Pokémon Brilliant Diamond | Time-Warp Renewal [Review]
Sony understands that the gaming space is changing and although they are not starved for success it doesn't mean that they rest on their reputation. With the success of Xbox Game Pass, Sony knows that they have to compete because Microsoft's subscription based service is an undeniable and incredible value in a still very much unstable economic time we're still living in.
Xbox Game Pass is currently 18 million subscribers strong and Forza Horizon 5 and Halo Infinite Multiplayer are massive successes having shown staggering player numbers in the millions and with next week's Halo Infinite campaign player numbers surely to also be in the millions, Sony knows it's time to address the elephant in the room and make some big changes to keep fickle gamers involved in their ecosystem.
Sony has had a subscription based service in PS Now for quite a few years but it's largely flown under the radar because Sony tends to do what Sony does and not promote what could be some of its best hardware and services in favor of just games regardless how much its community may want it, remember the PS Vita anyone?
Sony's new service code named Spartacus is set to be their newest or rebranded version of their subscription service PS NOW. According to reporting, the service is set to launch in March 2022 and as it stands now Sony intends to offer three tiered services that based on whatever tier you subscribe to, that will determine what games you are ultimately able to play. Sony will be allowing access to PS2, PS3, PS4, PSP and eventually PS5 games. This of course is all tentative and subject to change and as of yet subscription tier pricing is also not known.
This looks to be a big move for Sony and great for gamers if Sony can pull this off the right way. Microsoft and their unlimited pockets and native infrastructure make something like Game Pass very easy. Sony isn't cash strapped and don't have Microsoft's deep pockets and infrastructure but they do have the benefit of having the better game library in terms of meaningful and classic single player games such as God of War, Horizon Zero, The Last of Us, Uncharted, Ratchet & Clank and the list goes on. Sony is unmatched in this area.
The big question that remains for Sony is, are they going to match Xbox in terms of Day One launch title availability or are they going to remain reliant on game sales? This is what is going to make or break the service and realistically speaking, if Sony chooses not to do this with at the very least their first party titles then this endeavor will end up being kind of a failure because Day One releases is the singular selling point of Xbox Game Pass. You can use your Game Pass on older devices like your Xbox One and One S and then there's Xcloud for PC and mobile. This is an ecosystem that allows anywhere gaming access on any of their legacy and current hardware. Sony has to know that what they do going forward must be on a similar level. The game has changed (No pun intended).
I don't think Sony will allow this to fail but they have their work cut out for them. Good news is, there are over 116 million PS4's compared to Xbox One's 40 million or so and the PS5 is still the hottest console on the market so Sony if they get this right can make some big noise and cut into those Game Pass subscriptions or put gamers in a position to have both subscriptions. That remains to be seen but it's only Sony that can screw this up. Hopefully they've been reading the room and they're seeing what works and what won't. It's a good thing and it's good for gamers. We should all look forward to this.


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The Washington dining scene is abuzz with the anticipation of the city's first-ever Michelin restaurant guide coming later this week. But who will make the list?
We already know who won't make it: Restaurants on Michelin's Bib Gourmand roster of more "affordable" eats can't receive stars, meaning the popular Filipino restaurant Bad Saint and four of José Andrés's outposts won't be included.
To get further insight on who might reign victorious, The Post asked chefs, restaurateurs and others heavily involved in the industry for their predictions on which restaurants will receive one, two or the highly coveted three stars. Created before last week's Bib Gourmand announcement, the poll allowed respondents to choose any number of restaurants within a single category, as well as add write-in candidates. About 60 individuals responded.
Six New York restaurants earned three stars in the city's most recent guide, but our poll results suggest D.C. won't have as much to boast about. Seventeen respondents didn't select any winners in the three-star category. And while it's certainly possible that D.C. will strike out in the category, there's a good chance the city will have at least one winner, with the most promising contenders being restaurants with fixed-price tasting menus.
The leading favorite for three stars was Pineapple and Pearls, Aaron Silverman's $250-a-head Barracks Row dining room next door to his first eatery, Rose's Luxury. Not far behind was Minibar, José Andrés's longtime avant garde experience.
The Minibar pick is backed by the data crunchers at General Assembly, an education organization that's holding a contest on Michelin Guide predictions. Two of the models, created by a General Assembly data science instructor and a student, used average meal prices and the prevalence of positive words in reviews, among other factors, to predict a three-star honor for the Penn Quarter restaurant.
Onto the two-star results: The favorites in this category aligned heavily with the three-star picks. Again, Pineapple and Pearls landed at the top, this time sharing the No. 1 slot with Johnny Monis's Komi. Close behind: Fabio Trabocchi's duo of Fiola and Fiola Mare, plus Eric Ziebold's Métier, which also made a respectable play for three-star consideration. These favorites overlap in part with the General Assembly predictions, with one model predicting two stars for Fiola Mare, and the other pinning Komi as a two-star honoree, along with the Dabney, Pineapple and Pearls and the recently overhauled 1789.
Things were a little closer in the top tier for the one-star candidates. Fiola Mare and Kinship both made strong showings in the one- and two-star lists. Bad Saint was also a favorite for one star, but with its presence on the Bib Gourmand list, it won't be part of this week's reveal.
Perennial favorite Rose's Luxury didn't find itself a shoo-in for one star, according to respondents, but that may be because higher numbers of them picked it for the two- and three-star lists. Both General Assembly models award Rose's one star.
The full list of winners will be announced Thursday.


God has made it clear to me and our church leadership that we need to place a renewed emphasis on prayer. While we have a few that are attending our various Sunday morning and Monday evening prayer times, we need more! We need more people praying, seeking God's face, asking for His Spirit to move and intercession for others. We need prayer warriors!
Sunday, January 15th we will begin our Worship Prayer Team!
We need people to sign up to pray during our Sunday morning and evening services. The Worship Prayer Team will pray for the worship team, pastor, deacons, and the hearts of those who listen to the sermon. We need to pray protection over our church. We need people to lift up the names on our prayer list.
One of the greatest gifts we can give to someone is an invitation to church. Did you know that more than 9 out of 10 of the unchurched said they would come to church if they were invited? Friend Day is an opportunity for you to invite someone to church.
Where Do I Invite Them?
1. Invite someone to Sunday Morning Bible Study at 9:30 am. These small groups provide support, friendship, prayer and encouragement for all ages. These classes give a personal touch and an opportunity for people to plug into the life of the church.2. Invite someone to our worship services. Visitors will experience the warmth of a loving congregation, Christ centered worship and biblical preaching.Who Do I Invite?
This past Saturday, the Homeland Park youth attended the Clemson-Wake Forest basketball game. We were able to do some tailgating before the game. Once in the game, the students had an awesome time enjoying the sights and sounds and hanging out with one another. What's amazing about an event like this is how God uses something as a basketball game to deepen relationships between students and between the leaders and the students! Below are some highlight pictures, including a picture with some of the students with the Tiger and a group photo from after the game.
This upcoming week features our weekly Wednesday night Bible study from 6:30-7:30 in the Family Life Center. The gym doors will open at 6:00 for anyone wanting to hang out before we move up to the Loft at 6:30. We will be continuing our study through the Parables of Jesus and we hope that you invite family and friends to join for an amazing time together!
This Wednesday night, we are continuing our study through the parables of Jesus! Bible study is from 6:30-7:30 in the loft of the Family Life Center. The gym opens at 6:00 for anyone wanting to hang out! Invite your family and friends!
This Saturday, the youth will be attending the Clemson-Wake Forest basketball game at Littlejohn Coliseum. Tip-off is at noon and we will meet to leave from the church at 9:45am. Lunch is provided and the tickets are $5.
We have several tickets already reserved and we are taking a total of 10 students. In order to reserve a ticket, please submit the signed permission and medical forms from the student-parent packet by Wednesday night, January 21. The first 10 to submit the form will have a ticket reserved and those who turn in the packet after will be put on a waiting list.
If you have any questions, let me know by emailing me at jason@homelandparkbc.org!
I received this letter the other day from the local soup kitchen/food bank that recognized two of our members for their continued service there. I believe in handing out roses to the living, so I wanted recognize Pauline Tate and Margaret Brickman for their service. Also, thank you to the many others in our church that help the homeless and needy in our community.
Thank you Pauline and Margaret for representing God and our church so well.
On behalf of our church I would like to thank Odell Williams, Gary Bryant and Larry McLees for putting our painting of Jesus by Kerry Jackson in a more prominent place. These men spent several days wiring lights, switches, dimmers and more to make it possible to place emphasis on this painting. Now with our glass doors, the painting can be seen from the road. It is amazing how the light makes the red blood stand out, because Jesus' blood is what made the difference in our lives.
This Sunday we recognize as a nation the "Sanctity of Human Life" Day. Many may think this is a Southern Baptist thing or church thing. Actually, it began by President Ronald Reagan designating on January 16, 1984 that January 22, 1984 would be known as "National Sanctity of Human Life Day". He did this in response to the Supreme Court's decision eleven years previously to allow abortions to be legal in the Roe vs Wade case. Since then some presidents have recognized this proclamation and others have not. However, other institutions like the Southern Baptist Convention and churches like ours continue to recognize this proclamation.
The "Sanctity of Life" extends from the womb to the grave. If we do not see life as precious then it affects the way we treat our unborn, children, adults and elderly. We must hold to the fact that life began from the moment God created us and breathed life into us..
Last week was a busy and exciting week in the life of Homeland Park Baptist Church and for the youth. We started our Bible study through the parables of Jesus this past Wednesday night and they learned of the immeasurable value of God's kingdom from Matthew 13:45-46. On Sunday night, the church hosted a reception for my seminary graduation (which was incredible!). This provided an awesome time for the youth to hang out with the church body and to grow deeper in our relationships with one another.
This Wednesday night, the Homeland Park youth are kicking off the new semester together with Bible study at 6:30 in the Family Life Center! Bible study lasts until 7:30 and we invite the youth to hang out with one another beforehand at 6:00. During the first half of the semester, we will be going through the parables of Jesus. This will be a great opportunity to engage with the truths of God's Word in a thought-provoking and life changing way!
The other event to keep on your radar is our trip to see the Clemson-Wake Forest basketball game on Saturday, January 24. The game tips-off at noon and we will meet to leave from the church at 9:45. Lunch will be provided and the cost for the trip is $5.
The Homeland Park youth have had a wonderful fall semester. From Bible studies, to fellowship dinners, to our ENGAGE retreat, we really got to know each other on a deeper level, and more importantly, learn more about God, His Son Jesus, and the nature of our relationships to Him.
Over the course of the semester, our main study topic during Bible study was relationships. We began with an individual's relationship to God. God is our creator and judge. He created us in His own image, but we rebelled against God in sin. Though we all deserved God's judgment for sin, He sent His Son, Jesus, to be born as a man to live a perfect life to fulfill God's law. He died in our place to take away the punishment we deserve and was raised from the grave to give new life. By turning from sin and trusting in Jesus and His work alone for salvation, an individual becomes a child of God, saved from sin into a new relationship with God as His child.
Thank you so much for the support and love you continually bestow upon Donna and I. Your cards, gifts and encouragement during this season mean the world to us. We thank God for Him sending us to this wonderful congregation. Please know that you all are appreciated and loved.
Thank you so much to Pastor James and each one of you for all of your concern, visits, cards, calls and most of all your prayers during my recent surgery and hospital stay. It means so much to be a part of such a wonderful and caring church. Please continue to keep me in your prayers as I recover. Merry Christmas and God's Blessings on each one of you!
We would like to thank the church family for everything you did in the loss of our loved one. We want to thank Pastor James for his visits and prayers, also Dr. Wayne. Thanks for all the food that was furnished. Most of all thanks for your prayers.


text:
plomb
===

Sugar macros for linking [Om](https://www.github.com/swannodette/om/) components with core.async chans.

```clj
(ns examples.simple.core
  (:require
      [om.core :as om :include-macros true]
      [om.dom :as dom :include-macros true]
      [plomb.core :as plomb :include-macros true]))

(plomb/defcomp app
  [data owner opts]
  {:init-state
   (fn [_] {:count 0})
   :render-state
    (fn [_ state]
      (dom/button #js {:onClick #(plomb/emit! owner :foo {})} (:count state)))
   :catch {:foo
           (fn [e] (om/update-state! owner :count inc))}})

(om/root app (atom {}) {:target (.-body js/document)})
```

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Guest Write
The Talon
Overall School Improvement Due to Efforts of Both Students, Staff
Tutorials spent on STAR test prep may have finally paid off. Staff members find it difficult to pinpoint a defining reason for testing improvement, but the rising Academic Performance Index (API) score shows that the school is on the right track.
This year, the school raised its score to 853—a 28-point increase from last year. API scores are evaluated by colleges and are partially based on STAR test results. Though staff responses as to why the jump happened are varied, and factors may not have been entirely academic, there is no doubt that the school has made a collaborative effort to raise scores through test-taking practice and curriculum alignment. Nevertheless, in order to sustain these scores, the school must maintain its work ethic and continue to strive for improvement.
The faculty holds staff meetings every month and has intradepartmental meetings at least once every two weeks. Meetings are held to discuss curriculum and alignment along with other ways to improve the learning environment, and demonstrate staff enthusiasm in fostering student learning.
One result of such meetings is the rearrangement of class curriculum. In an effort to emphasize certain areas of learning that the STAR test covers, Algebra II teachers reorganized their curricula so that students would be better prepared for the test. The History Department had a two-day world history review session before the STAR test. In addition, certain science classes have accelerated the pace of covering curriculum in order to teach more topics.
Regardless of whether these implementations are reasons for improvement, the school shows dedication to its students by taking time to evaluate lessons and teaching styles.
It's not just the staff that's working to improve test scores. Students are becoming more motivated when it comes to testing as well. Though they're not held individually accountable for STAR test results, students realize that API scores do in fact affect college admissions. Some who may not be college-bound, one teacher cited, still realize their scores affect their peers.
Faculty infer what may have caused the API increase, but no particular reason has been credited. Without further study, the school's yearly API is not guaranteed to remain at its high score. Staff members must continue to collaborate, and students must follow through with diligence.
The school should be proud of its improvements this year, and should continue to re-evaluate curriculum and strive for gains. But students and staff must not forget that higher standardized test grades can only be maintained by continued motivation and reflective work ethic.
API score
school efforts
Editorial: Faillace and Teksler for MVLA Board
Editorial: Kalkat, Meadows and Weinberg for Los Altos City Council
Editorial: Abe-Koga, Gutierrez, Lashlee and Showalter for Mountain View City Council
Letter from The Talon's managing staff
Editorial: Making decisions in Twitter thread news article
The student news site of Los Altos High School in Los Altos, California
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Forum » Trails & Recreation Areas » Trail Info & Other Destinations » "how an obsessed explorer found and lost the world's oldest subway"
"how an obsessed explorer found and lost the world's oldest subway"
The Atlantic Avenue Tunnel was sealed in 1861, shortly after Brooklyn banned steam locomotives within city limits. Legend has it that the tunnel was reopened in the 1920s when it was used for mushroom growing and bootlegging, and in the 1940s when the FBI opened it looking for Nazis. But soon after, it was lost. In the 1950s two historians attempted to find it and failed.
When Diamond rediscovered the tunnel in 1980, he was just a 20-year-old engineering student on a scholarship. The media made him a hero. He decided to restore the tunnel for the city instead of taking an engineering job. Gradually he built a career — and an identity — around the 169-year-old underpass.
Re: "how an obsessed explorer found and lost the world's oldest subway"
That would be so cool to see.
What a cool story. I'm surprised I've never heard of it. Too bad the powers that be shut it down.
Has any thing happened since?