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From the desk of Scott London -
Below are several newsworthy updates from different healthcare areas.
Rural hospitals have been particularly hard hit by the ACA. National Rural Health Association Vice President of Government
Affairs said rural hospitals support the goals of the ACA, but they're struggling under the law. This group is worried that neither Republicans nor Democrats have done enough to stop what is called the "rural closure crisis."
"The laudable goals of the Affordable Care Act were not achieved in rural America," the group states. "Lack of plan competition in rural markets, exorbitant premiums and co-pays, and lack of Medicaid expansion, coupled with devastating Medicare cuts to rural providers collided to create a healthcare crisis in rural America." -- John Wilkerson
In other news, The Health Resources and Services Administration finished a 340B rule that deals with setting prices under the drug discount program, finalizing the so called "penny pricing policy" opposed by drug makers and laying out a formula for drug manufacturers to use when estimating the 340B price of a new drug. The agency also said it will defer to the HHS Office of Inspector General to determine when manufacturers "knowingly and intentionally" charge 340B providers more than the ceiling price, and therefore are subject to penalties.
Another interesting news item is that HHS is asking a federal court to reconsider its order that the department reduce the Medicare appeals backlog at the Administrative Law Judge level every year and eliminate it by 2021, saying the mandate would compromise the Medicare trust fund by forcing CMS to pay claims that may have been appropriately denied just to empty the appeals queue. But the American Hospital Association says HHS is rehashing an older argument and shouldn't be allowed to do nothing to fix the problem, so the order should stand.
As always feel free to contact me about any pressing legislative issues.
Scott London, Esq.
Scott S. London
400 East Pratt Street, # 305
phone: 410 685-3737 / fax: 410 752-0465 / www.fredlondonlaw.com


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Politically Minded
Kasey Cheydleur
Molly Brand (back row, third from the left) with the other 2015 GMMB summer interns. Photo credit: Molly Brand
Molly Brand '15 spent the summer after her sophomore year as a Cole Scholar working on John Connolly's campaign for mayor of Boston. The politics major from Sandy Spring, Maryland, was so moved by the experience that she took the next semester off to continue working for the campaign. While his bid was eventually unsuccessful, Brand was hooked. She knew politics was where she wanted to be.
After graduation, that desire led her to GMMB, a Washington D.C.-based communications consulting firm which consults with campaigns as well as issue advocacy work. Brand says she applied for GMMB because one of the founders is an Oberlin alum, Jim Margolis '79, and because the company shared her values and is known for high quality work. Currently, she works in the media department at GMMB tracking competitive information about political spending on ads. The information she receives helps paint a picture of what is going on before ads actually run and helps the GMMB media buyers make decisions about where they want to place their own ads.
While at Oberlin, Brand participated in College Democrats, Student Senate, Women's Chorale, and was a member of Harkness and Pyle Co-ops. She says her time at Oberlin taught her about how to connect with different people and ideas. "The way people care so deeply about things at Oberlin was a huge part of my education," she says.
In the future, Brand says she would like to continue working in politics and take a more active role in shaping the message and policy goals of the campaigns and political leaders she works with.
After Oberlin
Purposeful Entertainment
Rosie Hertzman '15 is combining her dream of working in entertainment and her passion for social justice as a production assistant at Red Thread Productions and the comarketing and advocacy coordinator for Dark Matter Productions.
Writer, Director, and Marketer
Abigail Barr '15 is making her mark on the New York theater scene using her variety of skills and sense of humor to work with the Upright Citizens Brigade, the Peoples Improv Theater in New York, Full Frontal With Samantha Bee, and Dark Matter Productions.
Aiming for the Orchestra
Hunter Gordon '14 studies bassoon full-time at Rice University's Shepherd School of Music, hoping to begin his career as a professional musician.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Who are the bailouts for? Cars or UAW?
So GM and Chrysler may need as much as $39 Billion just to stay in business for another year or so? My guess is they will get it but not until there's a bit of political finger wagging and tsk, tsking. Oh yeah, there will be some corporate penance to be paid and some lip service about labor but in the end they'll get the money. Why?
Because the car companies are the conduit for financial support for tens of thousands of workers all of whom belong to the UAW. And in turn those workers are just conduits for their UAW dues. And those dues are the basis for huge (over $500 million in the 2008 election year for Democrats!) campaign expenditures and political donations. Not to mention the tens of thousands of "volunteers" and of course, the voters. Almost all of whom will be sure to vote Democrat in thanks for saving their jobs. So, yeah, the car companies will get their bailout. And a huge chunk will end up in Democrat coffers just in time for the 2010 election cycle.
Starting in mid 2008 the US and world economies began a serious and potentially long lasting retrenchment. This was the result of a multi-year credit and leverage expansion of extraordinary proportions. As credit was retracted marginal demand for goods and services declined and as a result, a wide variety of asset values declined dramatically. This resulted in additional credit contraction, additional loss of demand and subsequent asset value reduction in a negative self-reinforcing spiral. As of the current date this process has not yet fully completed.
I believe today's circumstance actually began in May of 1989. That was the start of the last major downward spasm of the Greenspan Fed. The Fed Fund rate was reduced from an interim high of nearly 10% in May 1989 down to a low of 3% in September 1992 that was then held for some 18 months. One could postulate a lagging connection between this downward rate spasm and the 1990's tech boom (see Fed Fund chart below). The resulting liquidity fueled the internet and technology boom which in turn propelled the stock market in general and NASDAQ in particular to record heights. As the chart below indicates (basis S&P 500 Index) the market rallied to new highs in mid 2000 only to collapse following the dual blows of the bursting of the tech bubble and the September 11, 2001 terrorist strike.
What happened next was another aggressive effort by the Greenspan Fed (see chart below) to drastically lower interest rates to what were 40 year lows by providing massive liquidity to the banking system. Fed chairman Greenspan kept rates low and kept supplying liquidity for a full two years. This massive injection of money into the economy had to go somewhere. Bond yields were low and the stock market was a bust so the money bubble was translated into a 5 year housing bubble. Why housing? Because the bursting of the technology bubble frightened investors away from the stock market and the tsunami of baby boomers decided, en masse, to buy houses. Real estate, as everyone knew was a solid and stable investment destined to rise forever. Or so it was thought. That they were aided and abetted by a corrupt Congress and feckless administration does not reduce their individual culpability. Multiple homes, extreme leverage, option ARMS, no down loans and the whole raft of opportunities to profit in real estate lured the unsuspecting few and the great mass of intentional speculators alike.
As the housing bubble grew so too did the stock market. Ever rising housing values begat mortgages, home equity loans and mortgages with cash outs that were sliced and diced and sold multiple times to hedge funds, banks, private equity groups, money managers, mutual funds and anyone who could breathe without thinking. Layered on top were CDS's, CDO's, MBS's and a who's who of alphabet soup derivatives levered one on top of the other often with no connection to the underlying asset. Eventually the good times ended and beginning in the middle of 2008 markets, credit and economies world-wide just died. The recession/depression of 'aught 8' had begun.
The Fed, now led by Ben Bernanke thought they knew what to do and so, as Greenspan did before him, Ben dropped interest rates to record lows and pumped massive amounts of liquidity into the banking system. Alas, his ZIRP (zero interest rate policy) has, as of the current date, had little to no known effect. Proponents will claim – without justification or proof – that ZIRP and TALF and TARP have kept the damage from being even worse. Opponents, of whom I am one, contend that ZIRP, its siblings and cousins have set the stage for even worse problems down the road. Examining Japans policy prescriptions we can see that their outcome was the loss of two – so far – decades of economic growth. This suggests that the US policy will produce more of the same. And why not? We have the same prescription just a different dose. Hard to believe the outcome will be any better than Japan's.
The chart below shows the percent change, year over year of the Japanese GDP from 1980 through 2008. Over those 29 years the average change in GDP was +1.9% (+2.4% prior to 2008). However, over the 1992 to 2003 period, a total of 11 years, the average change was only +1.0%. The -12.7% GDP drop that occurred in 2008 is the worst Japanese GDP showing since 1974. All these average GDP growth rates, whether for the entire 29 years or the lost decade of 1992-2003 hide the effects of the 1980's Japanese bubble and the disastrous 1990's and 2008 crashes. All this in spite of massive injections of liquidity, a series of perhaps a dozen stimulus programs, infrastructure programs and exhortations for the Japanese people to borrow and spend. All this effort has yet to succeed. Most critically, all that government spending, all the borrowing and all the injections of liquidity have not yet translated into generic inflation. Japan is still fighting deflationary forces. Contrast Japan with Sweden.
Japan, in the late 1980's and early 1990's had a real estate and stock market bubble that burst. They followed that with bank bailouts that are roundly credited with creating a series of zombie banks that were technically insolvent but permitted to survive. It wasn't until sometime in the early 2000's that Japan finally closed and/or merged the zombie banks out of existence. The United States appears to be following the Japanese playbook instead of the Swedish playbook. The Swedes took the financial bull by the horns, nationalized troubled banks, closed others down, reorganized their financial system, and sold the cleaned up banks back to the private sector. Did it hurt? Yeah, but it seems to have worked.
If, as I believe the US is following the Japanese financial playbook then our stock market is equally likely to follow the Japanese market. Not in lock step but very likely in the same general pattern. The chart above vividly shows the Nikkei hitting a record high in 1990 and then (with some inter-period rallies) selling off until 2003. There followed a rally, like every other national stock market until mid 2008 when the bottom fell out all over again. A global financial bubble had burst.
So what is an individual investor to do? Here's what to do. I conclude that the stock market is not the place for an investor. A trader can perhaps do well, but not an investor. Since I am attempting to determine how to invest I must look beyond the stock market. I have chosen two areas: (1) private equity and (2) bonds. Both of these options require explanation.
I am a small investor so the usual hedge funds and private equity groups will only sneer at me. However, I can follow similar principals by purchasing a small business. Is that risky? Sure, but then again, so is doing nothing. A buy and hold investor would have lost anywhere from 20% to 40% of their investment last year. Even well diversified portfolios suffered substantial losses. Buying a well run small business on the other hand allows the owner to have a direct role in the success or failure of the enterprise. I can buy a million shares of GE (about 10 billion shares outstanding) and never have a single word on how it is run. But I can direct my small business as I see fit. But that's not the place for 100% of my portfolio.
The second area of investment is income oriented. Or, more properly it is a mix of money market and bond funds. Given the potential cash requirements of a small business a reasonable amount of cash must be readily available. The banks won't lend it after all. The balance of my portfolio will go into a mix of Vanguard mutual funds: intermediate-term investment grade corporate bonds (VFIDX); intermediate-term high yield corporate bonds (VWEHX); and a cash reserve in the prime money market fund (VMMXX). The two bond funds currently provide a combined yield of 7% or better. But what about the potential for loss of principal when interest rates soar? And clearly interest rates must soar as a result of the inevitable inflation that simply must follow the recent series of stimulus plans; liquidity injections and massive government borrowing? Don't they?
First, what inflation? All the official talk is about deflation not inflation. Not that I believe government officials. But once again look at Japan. Did they have inflation? Well, they had a little. Too little actually, since they've spent the past twenty years trying desperately to re-inflate their economy. Yes, I believe inflation is a monetary phenomenon. Yes, I believe that the US will eventually suffer a serious bout of inflation. But when it will suffer I do not know. A recent comment I read was eye opening. First, we have to accept that inflation is a monetary phenomenon that results from too much money chasing too few goods. Anyone noted too few goods lately? Not really since demand, world-wide has diminished significantly. But suppose demand begins to rev higher? As that writer pointed out there is ample capacity for goods producing in China and all of Asia (Near-East, Middle-East and Far-East). The US and Europe too have room for that matter. I do not belittle the prospect of inflation. I lived through the gas lines and price controls of the 70's. I had an 11% mortgage in the 80's. I do assert that at this point in time, and probably for the next few years, inflation will not be the primary economic issue that worries many of us. Further, most of us are on high alert in case inflation rears its ugly head. So we are less likely to be taken by surprise as happened in the 1970's and 1980's.
So, I have purchased a small business along with an operating partner. He is responsible for daily operations and earns a salary and equity. I receive a 10% cash distribution as long as all goes well. And as the financial dust has settled a bit, I have recently begun to move from 100% cash into the two bond areas. That process will continue, slowly, as I dollar average in on a monthly basis. That part of course is quite easy. Some readers may wonder how to buy a small business? Advertise. Read advertisements. I believe there are any number of well run small businesses that could be interested in a financial partner who can bring some value added advice and consultation. Another alternative is to corral several other individuals, pool your resources and purchase stakes in several small businesses. Use a good lawyer, take your time, investigate thoroughly and ensure you and the current owner can work together.
I briefly listened to a Maryland Congressional Representative this morning (Sunday, Feb 15) as she was speaking on Fox News. She noted that Maryland had some large amount of "shovel ready jobs" all approved, permitted and just waiting for the stimulus package to fund. Okay, swell. But will those jobs go to the currently unemployed?
Or will they go to the existing employees of the existing engineering and contracting firms? In other words, will these "shovel ready jobs" be new jobs for newly unemployed or ongoing jobs for the currently employed in which case there will be no new stimulus, unemployment will continue to rise and the national economic problems will continue to fester.
From "The Daily Reckoning" in an article regarding the stimulus, TARP II and the supposed loss of confidence in the economy being a big issue.
Consider that thought when the government tries to help restore confidence in our economy by printing money and throwing it at the banks.
I am a fan of the writer, Charles Krauthammer though I occasionally disagree with his opinions. He has referred to Senator Barack Obama, soon to be President Barack Obama as "The Anointed One". This appellation has the appropriate acronym, TAO as in Taos, New Mexico a hotbed so to speak of New Ageism and ardent believers in myth. And myth is what I am afraid surrounds President Obama.
The near hysterical media adulation for President Obama has destroyed any remaining vestige of either objectivity or responsible journalism. The media instead is busily building a New Camelot myth around the forthcoming administration as a near carbon copy of the old Camelot myth surrounding President Kennedy and his administration. The current generation of journalists, is so eager for its own New Camelot that it is now blind to its responsibilities to the public or history.
All this myth is predicated on President Obama being the great agent of change that the people have long sought to provide the salvation for our contemporary and historical ills. As TAO he will right all wrongs and cure all ills or so the myth goes. Within the aura of the myth is the belief that the change wrought by TAO will be the right change. From outside the aura it appears that the supplicants believe that the change to be wrought is whatever change the supplicant desires. Hence they hope for change.
I too, hope for change but only if it is the right change. I am outside the myth, a non-believer in TAO and extremely skeptical of the media barrage. Indeed, much is made in the media of the groundswell of support for TAO and the overarching hope for his success. Not merely bipartisan support but across generations and genders, red staters and blue. The media desires a hero and will do whatever it takes to create one. Whether TAO deserves this adulation is beside the point. He is TAO and his will be done – and it will be right. Or else.
Unlike the crowds I do not hope for the success of TAO. I do not hope for his failure either. My fear, my concern, my caution is predicated on the reality that if TAO succeeds might America fail? This is not a contradiction but a genuine prospect that if TAO succeeds he may only do so at the cost of destroying the America that created him. Will civil rights succeed finally? What will be the cost? Will it destroy the freedom to associate, to speak, to assemble? Will the nation be subjected to a speech code as in so many of our universities and colleges? Will homosexuals finally succeed in wrenching a civil rights label to their portion of the myth? What will be the cost to assuage liberal white guilt and black anger?
How will our economy survive? If even a Republican President is willing to sell our industry to the state, for the greater good of course, what hope is there for America under TAO and his army of anti-market advisors? Will America seek to join the European Union? Will we emulate them so thoroughly that the flame of opportunity is extinguished under the blanket of social justice? Will the power of the state to control the economy finally reach such proportions that we no longer have a market economy but an American version of the Chinese state run economy? Have we already reached that point?
What will America's enemies make of TAO? Will they bow in awe as the media presupposes or will they exploit his myth to attack from without and within? Make no mistake our enemies are out there, waiting, eager to destroy America and her great purpose. Will TAO become the Great Appeaser? So eager for agreement will he offer America's allies as gifts? Will he send soldiers to their death and risk the destruction of the myth or will he prevaricate and pontificate until the political winds are clear?
The columnist, E.J. Dionne once wrote that he admired TAO for being deliberate and not rushing to make decisions. This was in response to the McCain campaign that quickly offered a plan to save the economy in late 2008. Not until days later, after the media ridiculed McCain and the political winds were obvious, did TAO produced a plan. In many respects similar to the McCain plan but different enough that all the supplicants, including E.J. Dionne, could embrace the calm wisdom of TAO. From inside the aura of the myth all was well.
From outside it appeared that TAO had no plan, waited until the political winds were obvious and only then produced a plan designed to appease and appeal. A plan to resolve the ills of the economy was not necessary. TAO had spoken. All was well in the New Camelot. This I fear will be the hallmark of the new administration. Deliberate until the political winds are clear, offer an appeasement plan regardless of outcome. Protect the myth at all costs.
I too hope for change. I hope for the right change for America. I do not hope for the failure of the Obama administration but I fear for their success. I hope to be wrong.
Not exactly. It won't create private sector jobs, nor will it save them. What it will do is create a government monstrosity that stifles private sector economic development for many years while hanging a debt weight (pun intended) around our nation's neck.
That's only fair since it is only government that created the problem in the first place! When the Fed lowered interest rates to record low levels and kept them there for two years; when Congress repeatedly resisted efforts to rein in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac; when a Republican administration threw away some 3/4 of a Trillion dollars on a hope and a prayer; yes only government could have created such an enormous problem in the first place.
This nation has a severe economic crisis but it has not yet reached the levels of the mid 1970's or the early 1980's. Yet our institutional leaders seem to be in a panic and are running helter skelter throwing billions and trillions of dollars at the situation on the hope that something, anything works. Meanwhile our political leaders are knowingly using this crisis as a smokescreen to subvert our economic system and create a Euro-socialized system. Note Rahm Emanuels policy statement to not let a crisis be wasted. So we end up with a "stimulus package" of outdated, unneeded, wasteful social spending that the President wants passed and fast so the public doesn't have time to understand what is being done. It is a disgraceful and dishonest process that we, our children and grandchildren will rue for many years.


If you have a passion for learning with excellent inter-personal skills and are confident, enthusiastic, calm, supportive, resilient and adaptable with experience in supporting children with social and communication difficulties and would like to help support our KS3 Humanities Curriculum, we welcome you to apply to join our team.
Blossom House is an Ofsted-rated "Outstanding" specialist school for children aged 3 - 19 years of age with speech, language and communication difficulties. We provide a nurturing environment for children from Foundation Stage, Early Years, Primary, Secondary and Post-16.
The role involves teaching and delivering Humanities subjects (Geography, History and Citizenship from Year 7 and Year 9). We have a maximum class size of approximately 8 pupils working alongside an experienced team of Teaching Assistants, Speech and Language Therapists and Occupational Therapists.
Newly Qualified Teachers with Qualified Teacher Status (QTS) and Primary Trained teachers will also be considered for the role, and support will be provided.
Experience of delivering Humanities Subjects at Primary or Secondary level.
If you wish to apply for the post, please download the application form from attached or from the school website. Please send the completed application form detailing how you meet the requirements of the person specification along with the recruitment activity (on the last page of this document) via the button below by the closing date.


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Marie Dentière's A Very Useful Epistle
by Joshua J. Mark
A Very Useful Epistle (Epistre tres utile, 1539) is an open letter by the female reformer Marie Dentière (l. c. 1495-1561) to Marguerite of Navarre (l. 1492-1549) advocating for a greater role for women in the work of the Protestant Reformation. The letter was suppressed by the city council of Geneva, and Dentière's arguments were ignored by male reformers.
The full title of the work, as translated into English, is A Most Beneficial Letter, Prepared and Written down by a Christian Woman of Tournai, and Sent to the Queen of Navarre, Sister of the King of France, Against the Turks, the Jews, the Infidels, the False Christians, the Anabaptists and the Lutherans but is usually shortened to A Very Useful Epistle or A Very Useful Letter. Its supposed purpose was to encourage Marguerite of Navarre in furthering the work of the Reformation in France, but as it was published as a booklet in Geneva, it was actually intended to influence the reformers there, as well as the city council, in allowing women to study, write on and preach scripture.
International Monument to the Reformation (Reformation Wall)
MHM55 (CC BY-SA)
Women were encouraged to read the Bible under the direction of men, but in accordance with biblical passages such as I Timothy 2:12, they were not allowed to preach or presume to have authority over men. Dentière, like the proto-feminist writer Christine de Pizan (l. 1364 to c. 1430), rejected this view, claiming women were just as able as men to interpret scripture and teach others. Whether Dentière ever read de Pizan is unknown, but many of her arguments echo de Pizan's own in The Book of the City of Ladies (1405), which also argued for women's equality.
Like de Pizan's book, Dentière's open letter failed to move the patriarchy. The work was suppressed, Dentière and her husband Antoine Froment (l. 1508-1581) fell out of favor with the reformers Guillaume Farel (William Farel, l. 1489-1565) and John Calvin (l. 1509-1564), and the city council of Geneva prohibited the publication of any other works by women for the rest of the century and placed a ban on any they had not previously approved.
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Dentière's letter was written in 1539 in response to the expulsion of Calvin & Farel.
Marie Dentière was an abbess at a nunnery in Tournai (in modern-day Belgium) when she read the works of Martin Luther (l. 1483-1546), took a sum of money from the nunnery's treasury (allegedly "about five hundred ducats"), and fled to Strasbourg. She married a Reformed priest, Simon Robert, and they had five children before he died in 1533 and she married Froment. The couple moved with her children to a suburb of Geneva, where Froment became involved with Calvin and Farel between 1536 and 1538 before the latter were asked to leave the city when they would not comply with the demands of the city council.
Dentière's letter was written in 1539 in response to the expulsion of Calvin and Farel. She seems to have had an actual correspondence with Marguerite of Navarre, famous for her advocacy of the Reformation in France, but this letter appears to have actually been directed to the Genevan city council, condemning them for their treatment of Calvin and Farel, and making a case for the equal opportunity of women as preachers.
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The text below omits the last part of the letter (owing to considerations of space) in which Dentière attacks the city council as "mute dogs, each gnawing a bone" while "true pastors and ministers of Jesus are persecuted, banished, and exiled" (Wilson, 280). She also strongly urges Marguerite to drive the Catholic clergy from France, characterizing them as "asses, wolves, and impudent hypocritical libertines among the sheep" who "seduce the poor people by their false doctrine and lying conversation" (Wilson, 279). The letter ends by touching on her major point that women be granted the same opportunities as men in advancing the cause of the Reformation and "the edification of all."
Portrait of Marguerite de Navarre
Jean Clouet (Public Domain)
The following text is taken from A Reformation Reader: Primary Texts with Introductions edited by Denis R. Janz cross-referenced with Women Writers of the Renaissance and Reformation edited by Katharina M. Wilson. The "Faustus" mentioned toward the end of the text refers to the poet and scholar Publius Faustus Andrelinus (l. 1462-1518), one of the most popular writers of his day, who advanced the concept of women as weak and more prone to sin than men.
To the Very Christian Princess Marguerite of France, Queen of Navarre, Duchess of Alencon and of Berry: M.D. Wishes salvation and Increase of Grace through Jesus Christ.
Everyone, my very honored lady, especially the true lovers of truth, desire to know and hear how they ought to live in these most dangerous times; so, too, we women ought to know how to flee and avoid all errors, heresies, and false doctrines, just as much those of the false Christians, Turks, and Infidels, as those of others suspect in doctrine, as has already been shown in your writing. Although many good and faithful servants of God were inspired, in times past, to write down, preach, and announce the law of God, the coming of his Son Jesus Christ, his works, death, and resurrection, nevertheless they were rejected and reproved, principally by the wise men of the people. And not only were these people rejected, but also God's own Son, Jesus Christ, the just. Therefore, it should not amaze you if, in our time, we see similar things happen to those to whom God has given the grace of wishing to write down, speak, preach, and announce the same things that Jesus and his Apostles said and preached. We see that the whole world is full of malediction, and its inhabitants troubled, because they see the great tumults, debates, dissension, and divisions of one against the other, greater than have ever happened on earth: gross envy quarrel, rancor, malevolence, greed, wantonness, theft, pillage, drawing of blood, murder, tumult, rape, fire, poisoning, war, kingdom against kingdom, nation against nation. In short, every abomination reigns. Father against son, and son against father, mother against daughter, and daughter against mother, each wishing to sell the other: the mother to deliver her own daughter up to every misfortune.
So surely there are few, in terms of the people who are on the earth, who truly seek how they ought to live, given that such things happen among those who call themselves Christians. And one does not venture to say a word about those people, for one wishes that this thing be done, the other that; the one lives well (or so he says), the other badly; the one is wise, the other foolish; the one has knowledge, the other knows nothing; the one holds this thing dear, the other that. In short, there is nothing but division. Either one of the other must necessarily live badly. For there is only one God, one faith, one law, and one baptism.
Yet still, my very honored lady, I have wished to write you, not in order to teach you yourself, but in order that you may take care with the king your brother, to heal all these divisions, which reign in those places, towns, and peoples over which God has commissioned him to reign and govern, and also to take care for your lands, which God has given you, for the purpose of watching over and giving order. For we ought not, any more than men, hide and bury withing the earth that which God has given you and revealed to us women. Although we are not permitted to preach in assemblies and public churches, nevertheless, we are not prohibited from writing and advising one another, in all charity. I have wished to write this letter not only for you, my lady, but also to give courage to other women held in captivity, so that they will no longer fear being exiled, like me, from their countries, parents, and friends for the Word of God. And principally for those poor little women who desire to know which road, which path they ought to follow. And henceforth they will not themselves be so tormented and afflicted, but now rejoice, consoled and moved to follow the truth, which is the gospel of Jesus Christ. Even to the present day this has been so hidden that one would not dare say a word and it seemed that women ought not read anything or listen to the Holy Scripture. This is my principal cause, my lady, that which has moved me to write to you, hoping in God, that henceforth women will no longer be scorned as in the past. For day to day God changes the hearts of his own people for the good. I pray that this will shortly be so through all the world. Amen.
Not only do we wish to accuse any defamers and adversaries of the truth of very great audacity and temerity, but also any of the faithful who say that women are very impudent in interpreting Scripture for one another. To them, one is lawfully able to respond that all those who are described and named in the Holy Scripture are not to be judged to temerarious. Note that many women are named and praised in the Holy Scripture, not only for their good morals, deeds, bearing, and example, but for their faith and doctrine, like Sarah and Rebecca, and principally among all the others of the Old Testament, the mother of Moses, who, not-withstanding the edict of the king, protected her son from death and caused him to be reared in the house of the Pharaoh, as is fully described in Exodus 2. Deborah, who judged the people of Israel in the time of the Judges, is not to be scorned. I ask, would it be necessary to condemn Ruth, given the fact that she is of the feminine sex, because of the story that is written about her in her book? I do not think so; she is rightly numbered in the genealogy of Jesus Christ. The queen of Sheba had such wisdom that she is not only named in the Old Testament, but Jesus also named her among other sages.
If it is a question of speaking of the graces which have been given to women, what greater grace was given to any creature on earth than that given to the Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus, to have borne the Son of God? She did not have less than Elizabeth, mother of John the Baptist, who had a son miraculously, as she was sterile. What preacheress has done more than the Samaritan woman, who was not ashamed to preach Jesus and his word, confessing it openly before all the world, as soon as she heard from Jesus that one must adore God in spirit and in truth? Or is anyone other than Mary Magdalene, from whom Jesus had driven seven devils, able to boast of having had the first revelation of the great mystery of Jesus' resurrection? And were not the other women, to whom, instead of to men, his resurrection was announced by his angel, commanded to speak, preach, and declare it to others? Just as much as there is imperfection in all women, nevertheless, the men are not exempt from it.
Why then is it necessary to gossip about women? Seeing that it was not a woman who sold and betrayed Jesus, but a man, named Judas. Who are they, I ask you, who have invented and contrived the ceremonies, heresies, and false doctrines on the earth, if not the men? And the poor women have been seduced by them. Never has a woman been found to be a false prophet, just fooled by them. Nevertheless, I do not wish to excuse by this the overly great malice of some women, which outstrips the bounds of measure. But there is no longer reason to make of that malice a general rule, without exception, as some do daily, particularly Faustus, that scoffer, in his Bucolics. Seeing that work, surely, I am unable to fall silent, given that it is more recommended and used by men than the gospel of Jesus, which is defended by us, and given that this fable teller is in good repute in the schools. If God has given graces to some good women, revealing to them something holy and good through his Holy Scripture, should they, for the sake of the defamers of the truth, refrain from writing down, speaking, or declaring it to each other? Ah! It would be too impudent to hide the talent which God has given us, we who ought to have the grace to persevere to the end. Amen!
Dentière had published an earlier work, The War and Deliverance of the City of Geneva (1536), anonymously, but she signed her name (her initials) to A Very Useful Epistle. Printers at this time were publishing Protestant works as quickly as they could because they sold well, and the printer Jean Gerard published 1,500 copies of the letter in booklet form. Gerard sent Froment 450 of these copies, which began to circulate, drawing the attention of the city council, who seized the rest of the booklets, jailed Gerard, and later fined and released him. Froment was called before the council to give an account of his wife's behavior, and this increased the tensions already present in his relationship with Farel and Calvin, who distanced themselves from him and his wife.
Reformation Wall
Henri Bouchard and Paul Landowski (CC BY-SA)
As noted, the city council outlawed any publication that did not receive their prior approval and banned any works by women. Her arguments were not considered heretical, only misguided, and her husband and Gerard seem to have been held more to blame than Dentière herself for allowing a woman such license as a public voice. Scholar Thomas Head comments:
Marie Dentière fought not only for the success of the evangelical reform in her adopted city, but also for the place of women in that movement. One of the chief attractions that the evangelical reform held for the marginal people of sixteenth-century French society was the message of universal access to religious truth. Groups who had long been the recipients of authoritative teaching rallied to the promise of the ability to test the clerical interpretation of Scripture against what they read in the vernacular. Dentière clearly states the aspirations of women to preach and interpret that Gospel message for themselves…[but] the right of Dentière and women like her to preach, to write, and to interpret Scripture, exercised during the period of reform struggle itself, was sharply curtailed as the Reformation consolidated its power. (Wilson, 266)
Dentière continued to preach openly on street corners in Geneva after the suppression of A Very Useful Epistle, even after she was censured by Calvin once he returned to the city in 1541. He later asked her to write a preface to his work A Sermon on Female Apparel (also known as A Sermon on the Adorning of Women, 1555), which some scholars interpret as a reconciliation of the two or even Calvin's eventual approval of her outspoken views.
It is far more likely, however, that Calvin asked her to write the preface to a work that relies on the I Timothy 2 passage, and others, on how women should be obedient to men and not be "impudent" and presume to speak in a man's presence in the hope that she would 'learn her place' in accordance with the biblical passages prohibiting women's participation in public affairs, especially in teaching men. In asking her to write a preface to such a work, Calvin effectively neutralized her as a theologian and preacher.
Dentière died in 1561 of natural causes, and her writings, including A Very Useful Epistle, seem to have been preserved by Froment, who dropped out of the Reformation movement afterwards and lived as a notary, periodically involved in scandals, until his death. How Dentière's writings were preserved afterwards is unclear. Her works were only rediscovered in the 19th century, and her efforts were later recognized through her inclusion on the Reformation Wall monument in Geneva. Today her open letter is frequently anthologized as an example of women's contributions to the Reformation, even though, in her time, her work was largely unappreciated, ignored, and suppressed.
Bibliography Related Content Books Cite This Work License
Editorial Review This article has been reviewed for accuracy, reliability and adherence to academic standards prior to publication.
What is A Very Useful Epistle by Marie Dentière about?
A Very Useful Epistle advocates for the equality of women as preachers and teachers during the Protestant Reformation. It also calls for the expulsion of Catholic clergy in France and denounces a lack of commitment in male pastors.
Why was A Very Useful Epistle written?
Marie Dentière wrote A Very Useful Epistle as an open letter to Marguerite of Navarre to call attention to the poor treatment of reformers John Calvin and William Farel by the Geneva city council, to advocate for the equality of women, and to denounce those she saw as enemies of the Reformation.
What effect did A Very Useful Epistle have on society?
When it was published in 1539, A Very Useful Epistle had little to no effect on society. Most of the copies of the booklet were seized and suppressed. It was only rediscovered in the 19th century.
Was A Very Useful Epistle suppressed because the author was a woman?
A Very Useful epistle was suppressed because it was written by a woman (Marie Dentière) and advocated for the equality of women as preachers and teachers but also because it denounced the Genevan city council.
Christine De Pizan & Richards, E. J. The Book of the City of Ladies. Persea, 2000.
Janz, D. R. A Reformation Reader: Primary Texts with Introductions. Fortress Press, 2008.
MacCulloch, D. The Reformation: A History. Penguin Books, 2010.
Rublack, U. The Oxford Handbook of the Protestant Reformations . Oxford University Press, 2019.
Stjerna, K. Women and the Reformation. Wiley-Blackwell, 2008.
Wilson, K. M. Women Writers of the Renaissance and Reformation. University of Georgia Press, 2000.
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Joshua J. Mark
A freelance writer and former part-time Professor of Philosophy at Marist College, New York, Joshua J. Mark has lived in Greece and Germany and traveled through Egypt. He has taught history, writing, literature, and philosophy at the college level.
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Marie Dentière
Marie Dentière (l. c. 1495-1561) was a French theologian, writer...
Christine de Pizan (also given as Christine de Pisan, l. 1364 -...
John Calvin (l. 1509-1564) was a French Reformer, pastor, and theologian...
Ten Protestant Reformation Facts You Need to Know
The Protestant Reformation (1517-1648) was one of the most significant...
Pizan's The Status of Women & the Reformation
The Book of the City of the Ladies (1405) by Christine de Pizan...
Ten Women of the Protestant Reformation
Women played a vital role in the Protestant Reformation (1517-1648...
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Women Writers of the Renaissance and Reformation
Written by Wilson, Katharina M., published by University of Georgia Press (1987)
A Reformation Reader: Primary Texts with Introductions, Second Edition
Written by Janz, Denis R., published by Fortress Press (2008)
Women and the Reformation
Written by Stjerna, Kirsi, published by Wiley-Blackwell (2008)
The Book of the City of Ladies
Written by Christine De Pizan & Earl Jeffrey Richards & Natalie Zemon Davis, published by Persea (1998)
The Oxford Handbook of the Protestant Reformations
Written by Rublack, Ulinka, published by Oxford University Press (2019)
Mark, J. J. (2022, March 21). Marie Dentière's A Very Useful Epistle. World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1968/marie-dentieres-a-very-useful-epistle/
Mark, Joshua J.. "Marie Dentière's A Very Useful Epistle." World History Encyclopedia. Last modified March 21, 2022. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1968/marie-dentieres-a-very-useful-epistle/.
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New study concludes regular exercise helps prevent cancer
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Why We Need to Start Sharing the Road Now
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Interior Minister chairs the Closing Ceremony of Huawei's 2nd ICT Skills contest
Press ReleaseLast Updated: Dec 8, 2017
The Closing Ceremony of the 2nd ICT Skills Competition, organized by HUAWEI Pakistan in collaboration with the Higher Education Commission (HEC), was held on Thursday, 7th December, 2017, at the HEC Auditorium in Islamabad. Federal Minister for Interior – Mr. Ahsan Iqbal was the Guest of Honor at the colorful closing ceremony of this comprehensive contest.
The Interior Minister was accompanied by other distinguished guests such as; the Chairman of HEC – Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed, the Vice President of Huawei – Mr. XUE MAN, the Chief Executive Officer of Huawei Pakistan – Mr. Chilin Chun along with others. The event featured the performance-evaluation of all the contestants, whereby, prizes were distributed among the top 50 students. Also the top 6 students, who have also qualified to go abroad and compete in the International Final that will soon be held in Shenzhen, China will be given exciting prizes; including; mobile phones, Huawei certification, vouchers and a fully paid tour of Huawei Headquarters in China.
The global technology leader – Huawei began this informative competition on the 15th of August 2017, which featured the skill-sets and intelligence of students from more than 22 Universities belonging to Islamabad, Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan and KPK. There were more than 7000 students who participated in the rounds, held at Huawei's 14 specialized HAINA labs.
At the end of the National Final, the top 6 out of 50 participants were selected. The best of these contestants belonged to prestigious institutions like; UET Lahore, NUST Islamabad, Lahore Garrison University and Virtual University.
On this vibrant occasion, the Vice President of Huawei stated that:
"As Huawei is at the forefront of technologies around the world, we are also nurturing a culture of technological skills and expertise in Pakistan, this competition focused on enriching and optimizing the talents of students in Pakistan's universities". He also congratulates the winning students of ICt competition and said Huawei committed to promote an open Eco system to develop ICT talent as well as planning to develop 14 ICT institutions in Pakistan.
Over the years, this competition has emerged as a resourceful platform for the students, who strive to excel and gain expertise in the relevant fields. The qualifying students will not only receive national recognition, but they will also get an opportunity to demonstrate their ICT skills on an international forum. This contest will also nurture higher standards of performance in Pakistan's ICT sector.


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Greetings. I have a 1990 ? JD 755 that needs: front axle complete or right shaft, spur gear, vertical shaft and gear, and associated small parts, paint, neutral lever, two motor mounts, tires. I have been using it as-is but just took apart the front end (MFWD) to have a look at the problem. It runs OK, hydro is good,etc. $2000 as is or I will try to find a front axle assembly. I am near San Francisco and Sacramento. Larry.
Hi, I have a 855 with a bad engine in Maryville tn if I can't locate a used injector pump for it.


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As we hand-cut and make our pieces to order, we will accept returns due to manufacturer's error ONLY. If you are unsure of your sizing, we encourage you to visit a local boutique to be measured as we do not accept returns for incorrect sizing. We apologize for the inconvenience.


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The Plot: Darius and Twig are best friends. Though they are different races and pursue different passions, the potential they see in each other binds them together as they struggle through the realities of daily life in Harlem. Darius is a great reader and writer. His work has potential to be published in magazines, but it's a little too dark for the masses right now. He wants to get a scholarship and go to college, but the odds of his life are stacked against him. Twig is tremendous track star. He lives to run and thinks of nothing else, but his family wants him to give up on his dreams and take over the family store. Combine these challenges with school bullies, daily neighborhood violence, and all of the normal issues of high school life for an intense, dramatic story about the true power of friendship.
Walter Dean Myers is a YA genius. I would read anything that he wrote just because he wrote it. He creates realistic story lines and characters that demonstrate a perfect blend of gritty honesty and hope. His stories almost always feature characters of color living or working in urban settings, which is why this was the perfect book to read for my 2nd Diversity on the Shelf post. If you liked any of Myers' other books (like Monster or Lockdown), definitely read this book.
Does our library have it? Yes!


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As a huge Big Bang fan, I tend to look forward to their solo activities. So far, I have never been disappointed. I mean, how can you be disappointed with great works like Solar, Heartbreaker, GD & TOP Vol. 1, One of a Kind, etc.?
To be honest Seungri is not my most favorite member. Don't get me wrong. I do like him a lot. I don't think Big Bang would be complete without him. No one does the exasperating maknae act better than him. But vocally, he's always been a so-so for me. He sounds good in certain songs (Blue is the best by far) and alright in others. His first solo album was thoroughly enjoyable – much more than I expected.
So how did his second album fare? Has he improved?
1. Let's Talk About Love (feat. G-Dragon & Taeyang)
I admit I was really looking forward to this song when it was first revealed – only because of GDYB. So when I finally listened to the song, I felt a little disoriented and bewildered. When I heard the song for the first time, I thought it was all over the place. The repetitive "Let's talk about love" felt stilted and boring. There was no punch to it, despite it being the title of the album itself.
But after listening to it multiple times, I'm getting hooked on this song. The beat is clean and infectious, with enough energy to make you want to groove. It's an eclectic mix of different elements that makes it so interesting and addictive. It's the kind of song that you'll find yourself liking without really understanding why. Plus the lyrics are rather refreshingly naughty (something which I didn't quite expect).
GD is on point as always with his rap – it's precise and snappy. But it's Taeyang that I want to talk about. Most of us know that he started off as a rapper before deciding to become a vocalist. While he doesn't possess the swag and flair that GD has or the suaveness that TOP exudes, he's above alright when he raps. So listening to him spewing those lines in that insanely sexy low voice was enough to excite me.
If anything I could say about this song is that I feel Seungri was overshadowed by GD and Taeyang. All 3 of them sound really good but it's just that GD and Taeyang came across a little stronger than Seungri.
2. Gotta Talk To U
Despite this being the title track for the album, I'm not overly crazy about it. It has the same overtones and rhythm like Blue but lack the build-up. A rather subdued and subtle track for me. It showcases Seungri's vocals very well but it's not something I'd spend a lot of time listening to.
3. GG Be (feat. Jenny Kim)
I loved this song almost immediately even before I finished listening to it. It's a playful, snappy number that is absolutely entertaining. It has a nice retro feel to it and the melody is just gorgeous. Very catchy and addictive.
As for Jenny Kim's part – I'm divided. I don't really understand why she gets so much accolade for her talent. Maybe it has something to do with her being the leader of the yet-to-debut group. But honestly, I feel her vocals are just average. So is her rap. Kim Jisoo who featured on GD's album has way better vocals.
4. Come To My
I quite liked this song as it's very easy to listen to. It's uncomplicated and clean with lively chorus. I can almost imagine this song being part of a drama/movie. The Seunglish is pretty evident in this song – adorably so J
5. You Hoo!
This is obviously a filler track coz I don't find anything remotely great about this song. Sounds like a generic club track to me. Something you'd play in the background and forgot about it seconds into the song.
6. Love Box
This is such a pretty song that I couldn't help but liking it. A lot. It's such a relaxed number but the trumpet line really made it come alive. I think this song showcases Seungri's voice to the max. He sounds really, really good – a little husky and tender. Definitely one of the stronger tracks of this album.
The maknae has really come a long way since VVIP. With this new album, Seungri sounds so much more matured, confident and sure. The album is solid with superior production quality. And keeping true to YG style, Let's Talk About Love differs somewhat from VVIP but still it's very much a Seungri sound. It's obvious how much he has grown as a singer and a performer.
But what I love the most about this album is that Seungri has found the sound that complements his voice the best. The improvement he's done is clearly evident in each of the tracks. His vocals are more dynamic and it has grown by leaps and bounds in terms of depth and color.
The album is a joy to listen to and it was definitely worth the long wait.
Favorite track: GG Be, Let's Talk About Love, Love Box
Least Favorite Track: None really
Verdict: 4.5/5.0
-TCS
This entry was posted in Guest Reviews, Reviews, Reviews: Albums, Uncategorized and tagged Album, big bang, Come to my, g-dragon, gd, gg, gotta talk to U, gotta talk to you, let's talk about Love, love box, review, seungri, solo, taeyang, yg, yg entertainment, ygent, yoo hoo!. Bookmark the permalink.
Album Review: Junsu's (Xia) "Incredible"


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29. MAP REDUCE INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM SUPPORTED A PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION BUNCH FORMULA.
Authors: 1. P. Sangeetha, 2. B. Srinivasan.
30. VIDEO COMPRESSION BY USING H.264/MPEG-4 ADVANCE VIDEO CODING (AVC).
Authors: 1. D.Lakshmi Bharathi, 2. K.Prasanthi Jasmine.
31. STRUCTURED EMINENT DYNAMIC AUDITING FOR SECURE DATA STORAGE IN CLOUD COMPUTING.


text:
To all the women who have sacrificed their careers for men who ultimately disappointed them.
Clare Stephens
Natalie Joyce feels "deceived and hurt".
The estranged wife of Australian Deputy Prime Minister Barnaby Joyce has shared her sadness in the wake of news her husband of 24 years, and the father of her four daughters, is expecting a child with his current partner and former media advisor, 33-year-old Vikki Campion.
"This situation is devastating on many fronts," she said, in a statement published by The Australian. "For my girls who are affected by the family breakdown and for me as a wife… who placed my own career on hold to support Barnaby through his political life."
Natalie said her family life had been extensively shared during her husband's career, and campaign and office staff were often invited into their home – a reality that left her feeling "deceived" by the actions of Barnaby and Campion.
She added that she was "deeply saddened" to hear that "this affair has been going on for many months and started when [Ms Campion] was a paid employee".
How must that feel? To give up so much – to put another person's ambition before your own – only to be bitterly disappointed by the person you sacrificed it for?
Listen: Jessie Stephens and Mia Freedman discuss all things Barnaby Joyce – including his new partner, his wife's comments and the hypocrisy of it all. Post continues after audio.
Natalie Joyce met Barnaby while she was studying education at the University of New England, and went on to marry him just a few years after graduating, in 1993. Today, she's listed as a student support teacher at McCarthy Catholic College in Tamworth, although it was reported in 2009 that at one point, she worked as a part-time administrative officer within her husband's office.
Over the last 24 years, Natalie Joyce has no doubt tried to make the best decisions she could for herself, her family, and her marriage. Her profound personal sacrifice, I'm sure, may have at times felt less like a decision and more like a duty.
In 2017, Natalie told the Weekend Australian about the toll her husband's career had taken on their family. She said her youngest daughter Odette, now 15, has never known "anything but politics".
"Every time he'd come home she actually wouldn't go near him because he hadn't been home," she recalled of Odette's early years. "It's taken a long time to get that father-daughter rapport."
"In the end they give up on you. They just don't think you're going to be there," Joyce added of the strain.
Perhaps Natalie imagined that while her husband's political career would be at the centre of their family unit for a significant portion of their lives – it wouldn't be forever. As their daughter's grew up, and Barnaby's career ran its course, they'd have time together again, and work wouldn't always come first.
Perhaps she had hopes for the future of her family – ones that didn't involve her husband leaving and starting a new one.
But ultimately, and especially today, she was left bitterly disappointed.
Barnaby and Natalie Joyce's family. Image via Instagram.
And she's not alone. Because, overwhelmingly, it's the woman in a relationship who makes the sacrifice, and none of us, no matter how in love, how dedicated, or how certain, can predict the future.
In September 2016, a story not unlike today's was making front page news. Today Show host Karl Stefanovic had separated from his wife of 21 years, Cass Thorburn, and just months later, he would make public his relationship with 34-year-old Jasmine Yarbrough.
The couple had three children together, and Stefanovic had spoken at length about the sacrifices his wife had made for his career. "She gave up a promising career at the ABC and I'm forever thankful and tremendously appreciative of that," he told the Herald Sun in 2015.
When the Today Show won the ratings year in 2016, Thorburn made a point on congratulating herself for her contribution to her husband's success. "Apparently Today Show finally won a year," she wrote on Facebook. "This took a huge toll on my family and I, and I'm congratulating myself today for all the effort that went into making that happen."
But for Thorburn, there was no champagne, no accolades, and no pay rise. There was no party or job opportunities. Because such recognition was intertwined with her marriage - the one she had sacrificed her own professional life for. And the one that had broken, despite that investment.
Karl Stefanovic and Cass Thorburn. Image via Getty.
We all know, or perhaps are, women who have given up the pursuit of a career for the benefit of relationships, marriages or kids. For some women, the break down of that partnership can be irreperably destructive - financially or psychologically.
To give up work for a partner is not a decision that can be ever be judged in terms of whether it's fair or right, especially given that it is overwhelmingly a choice a person makes out of love. And if and when that relationship does end, pity isn't a helpful response.
It is, however, important to acknowledge those women, whose achievements might not be seen in the halls of Parliament House or within the walls of a major TV network.
We see you. We see your work, your support, your morning well wishes and your wise afternoon conversations. And on days like today, we see your pain, and we see your sadness.
We see your strength.
Because sacrifice is never easy.
You can follow Clare Stephens on Facebook here.
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Helen 3 years ago
Thank you so very much for acknowledging us, the silent ones, who in many ways remain silenced as the profound grief and pain we are living through is not palatable for most.
This blog and much that I hear and read shows our ignorance on infidelity and in many cases it's traunatic impact on others.
Many will find it hard to believe but you can be in a regular solid marriage , and it can happen. It happened to us.
Myself, our children, friends and family were in shock, in my case for months.
I was one of those mums who stayed at home , although working part time in jobs that allowed for flexibility . My husband travelled the world for most of his career and because it was so very important to him I didn't feel I had the right as a loving and supportive partner to say : enough. Although he did try to cut back, and each new job would apparently require less travel but it never actually happened. He felt important and special as he climbed the corporate ladder but at home he was just a husband and father who was absent a lot - in mind and body. No special attention here. Just resentment at selfish choices. I was probably. " the nagger' as someone labeled Thorburn.
And then my husband office closed, he was unhappily working from home when not traveling. This allowed a secret relationship with a junior work colleague to flourish. And his redundancy was around the corner, his identity was threatened, he felt unfulfilled........and never said a thing.
And we are left while they feel entitled to their quest for a soulmate. They really think they deserve it. And how they can turn away from their kids. They are hurting. Our family is now broken.
Deceit, selfishness, cowardice, adolescent regression cannot be compartmentaised. This must surely flow into their work.
Did Barnaby not see this?
Sarah 3 years ago
I have sacrificed my career to support my husbands. I haven't left my job altogether but I work on a locum basis (health professional). If push came to shove I believe I could pick up my career again to support myself and my children. However, if I was working in it full steam ahead right now I know I would be in a much higher, much better paid position. The decision to stay mostly at home wasn't expected of me but it made the most sense as my husband was earning 3 times as much money plus other benefits. I believe many in my position would have made a similar decision. I love my partner but I'm not an idiot, at the end of the day I know that we all must be able to support ourselves and although I know it won't happen, it would be naive of me to think it could never happen (that my partner could leave). What I tell myself is that the time I have been able to spend with my kids while they're young is something i could never regret and if suddenly I found myself alone, I would probably resent my husband but at the same time I would be content knowing that the time I had with my children was invaluable and I think that would get me through.


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