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Home ■ Technology ■ AI ■ Aristotle and the chatbot
Aristotle and the chatbot
Ancient rules of logic could make AI more human.
Credit: Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino
By David Ireland and Dana Bradford, CSIRO
Many attempts to develop artificial intelligence are powered by powerful systems of mathematical logic. They tend to produce results that make logical sense to a computer program — but the result is not very human.
In our work building therapy chatbots, we have found using a different kind of logic — one first formalised by the Greek philosopher Aristotle more than 2,000 years ago — can produce results that are more fallible, but also much more like real people.
The different kinds of logic
The underpinning science of our chatbots is formal logic. Modern formal logic has its basis in mathematics — but that wasn't always the case.
The discovery and formalisation of logic is attributed to Aristotle (384-322 BC) in his collected works, the Organon (or "instrument").
Here he documented the first principle of reaching a conclusion from a set of premises. This would be later called inference, guided by rules known as syllogisms.
Since the 20th century, the field of logic has moved away from Aristotle's approach towards systems that use predicate and propositional logic. These types of logic have been developed by mathematicians for mathematical applications; hence they are referred to as mathematical logics. Their reasoning is required to be infallible.
Human reasoning, on the other hand, is not always infallible. We mainly reason via deduction, induction and abduction.
You can think of deduction as using generalised rules to reason about a specific example, while induction and abduction involve looking at a collection of examples and trying to work out the rules that explain them.
While deduction tends to be most accurate, induction and abduction are less reliable. These are complex processes not easily programmed into machines.
Arguably, induction and abduction are what separate human intelligence, which is vast and general but often inaccurate, from the narrow yet increasingly accurate intelligence of machines.
Chat logic
We have found that using mathematical logic makes our chatbots less able to have meaningful interactions with humans.
For example, a single human utterance often makes little sense without a large context of what linguists call entailments, presuppositions and implicatures.
While our brains factor in this context automatically, machines must use some form of equivalent logic.
Artificial general intelligence
One school of thought suggests parts of Aristotle's logic, nowadays referred to as term logic, and his rules of inference, could form core components of an artificial general intelligence (AGI).
The OpenCog and OpenNars are prominent AGI research platforms with term logic at the core. At present these platforms are capable of general-purpose reasoning for potential applications in health and robotics.
A robot using the OpenCog system in 2016.
Term logic
Term logic is composed of basic units of meaning, which are linked by what linguists call a "copula". To write "a bird is an animal" in term logic, we could use the copula denoted "->" which intuitively means "is a special kind of", like this:
Bird -> Animal
This is a very simple example, but more complex and expressive statements are also possible.
Term logic and syllogisms also avoid some of the logical paradoxes that often occur when fitting natural language into a logical framework.
For example, in most systems of formal logic, a nonsense statement like "if the moon is made of cheese, the world is coming to an end" counts as a valid argument. (This is called the paradox of material implication, and occurs because if often has very different meanings in natural language and in formal logic.)
Aristotle, however, stated syllogisms are what must follow from two independent premises that share one (and only one) term. This rule lets us dismiss the argument above, as the two pieces of the argument ("the moon is made of cheese" and "the world is coming to an end") don't share a term.
Fallible reasoning
AGI researchers have extended Aristotle's syllogisms by allowing conclusions that may be true with a degree of uncertainty (fallible reasoning) as well as those that must be true (like those from deductive reasoning). Term logic readily supports these forms of reasoning.
Examples of different forms of reasoning that term logic aptly supports. Conclusions are given in red. Deduction is infallible while induction and abduction are fallible.
Beliefs and truths
Now that we can derive conclusions that may be true, we need to identify these as beliefs with a corresponding truth value.
How to determine the truth value of a belief is where some AGI researchers differ. The OpenNars project approach is most similar to the human belief system, where it counts the number of independent pieces of evidence for and against a belief to to determine how much confidence to place in it.
Virtual AI companions
So how can Aristotle's voice be heard in our chatbot technology?
At the CSIRO Australian e-Health Research Centre we are developing chatbots to help people better manage their health and wellbeing.
We have started to use AGI in our chatbot technology for those with communication challenges and who benefit from technology interactions. Our version is mostly inspired from the OpenNars platform but infused with other components we found useful.
Rather than just computing a response from a sequence of words, responses from the chatbot are derived from the relationships between billions of terms. Beliefs with low confidence can be sent back to the user (for example, a person asking a health chatbot about symptoms) as questions.
In the future we think this will allow for more engaging, deeper and natural interactions between humans and machine. The beliefs and "personality" of the chatbot will become tailored to the user.
Aristotle's 2,000-year-old logic has had a profound influence on Western civilisation. A revamp of his ancient works could very well shift us into a new frontier of human-computer interaction.
David Ireland, Research Scientist at the Australian E-Health Research Centre., CSIRO and Dana Bradford, Senior Research Scientist, CSIRO
The Conversation is an independent, not-for-profit media outlet that uses content sourced from the academic and research community.
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Gondwana in amber


Reflecting on Whiteness, included specifically to expand conversations and action specific to race and inequity in higher education, is a three-hour pre-conference workshop facilitated by Karin Cotterman and Michelle Montagno from the University of San Francisco. Based on a pilot study, the pre-conference will examine building capacity in white faculty and staff to talk about structures of inclusion and exclusion on campus and in community engagement. This is a model for teaching about white privilege, racial identity development, and unlearning white social conditioning as a means to develop structures of inclusion. The pre-conference session will include information about the structure of the series, the findings from the research, and facilitated dialogues and reflection.
Dr. Michelle Montagno is the Chair of the Director Department of Integrated Healthcare and Director of the Psy.D. Program in the School of Nursing and Health Professions at the University of San Francisco. As a licensed psychologist, she also practices in San Francisco. A long-time social justice advocate, Dr. Montagno worked in nonprofit and government sectors prior to pursuing a career in clinical psychology. Her areas of clinical and research interest include clinical training, cross-cultural therapy, white racial identity development, and supervision.
Karin Cotterman directs Engage San Francisco, an intentional, systematic and transformative university-community initiative focused on achieving community-identified outcomes supporting children, youth and families in the Western Addition through student learning, research and teaching consistent with University of San Francisco's mission and vision 2028. Prior to working at USF, Karin was the Associate Director for Engaged Scholarship at the Haas Center for Public Service at Stanford University. Her interests include ethical considerations in service, community-campus partnerships, the intersections of identity and service, anti-racist work, and strategic thinking both organizationally and institutionally.


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Q: How do you create this triangle thingy?
How does one create the triangle thing for a container that points to something? Is it photoshop?

A: It can be done in pure CSS, but an image would be the more sane option.
HTML:

    Yes we can

CSS:
#bubble {
    border:2px solid #036;
    font-size:20px;
    padding:10px;
    -moz-border-radius:10px;
    -webkit-border-radius:10px;
    width:100px;
    position:relative;
}

#arrow {
    border-color: #036 transparent transparent transparent;
    border-style:solid;
    border-width:20px;
    height:0px;
    width:0px;
    position:absolute;
    bottom:-40px;
    left:20px;
}

#arrow-border {
    border-color: #fff transparent transparent transparent;
    border-style:solid;
    border-width:20px;
    height:0px;
    width:0px;
    position:absolute;
    bottom:-37px;
    left:20px;
}

A: If you look here:
http://flowplayer.org/tools/demos/tooltip/index.html
The image that makes the tooltip thingy you're looking at is found here:
http://flowplayer.org/tools/img/tooltip/black_arrow.png

For a CANVAS (non-image) version, see jQuery's BeautyTips:
http://www.lullabot.com/files/bt/bt-latest/DEMO/index.html
CANVAS is like drawing to the screen. Don't ask me for an example, since I've never used it and I'm not real sure how it works. :P Note, browser support may be an issue with CANVAS.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Application of advanced investment management techniques in a laboratory setting. Bond portfolio management, quantitative stock screens, derivatives trading, portfolio optimization. Off-site visits and presentations.


I just installed Elastix 1.0 on a brand new Dell PowerEdge SC440 server with a Sangoma 101DE card (http://www.sangoma.com/products_and_sol ... /a101.html).
Thanks a lot for any help on how to get this card working with the nice 1.0 distribution.
Do I understand right that the automatic detection doesn't work for this Sangoma card with Elastix 1.0-15 ?
Thanks for any further help !


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The Surprising Jobs Your Favorite Celebrities Had Before Getting Famous
By Sweetest Betch You'll Ever Meet | April 10, 2019
Gather 'round children, I'd like to tell you a story. Once upon a time, in a land far far away, there were celebrities that became famous after lots of hard work, years of failed efforts, and many sh*tty jobs, and not because they were a pre-pubescent performer with a YouTube channel. I know! It's hard to believe, but it happened. That time was known as the dark ages the 90s. Some famous people had to waitress or bartend, and the idea of an Instagram model was just a twinkle in Kevin Systrom's eye. I myself had to work at the movie theater on my way to the top middle management, where the Icee machine constantly exploded on me and I spent hours explaining that I did not set the prices of the food and I too thought that $9 for a small popcorn should be illegal.
But this is article not about me. This is not even about Kim Kardashian, who we all know spent her early days arranging the underwear in Paris Hilton's closet. It's not even about Channing Tatum, who was the real life Magic Mike before he gyrated to "Pony" on the big screen. No, this is about the other celebrities. The celebrities that had surprising jobs before they hit it big, the ones we rarely hear about because we're busy reading about another basketball player that cheated on poor, innocent Khloé Kardashian. So today I'm here to tell you about your favorite celebrities that had surprising jobs before getting famous.
Rachel McAdams Worked At McDonald's
The Patron Saint of Mean Girls herself, Regina George, actually deigned to ask "would you like fries with that," for three years straight when she was in her teens. At the time she was also directing kid's theater which "didn't pay the bills." I'm sure! It didn't pay the bills and she probably ended up with the poop of a tiny human on her hands at least once (the kids I know poop everywhere). Thankfully she has been quoted saying she was an obsessive hand washer, so we know they were clean by the time she got to Ronald McDonald's house. A major relief to all of you who frequented Canadian McDonald's in the mid-90's, I'm sure!
Taylor Swift Worked On Her Family Christmas Tree Farm
Take me home ?
A post shared by Taylor Swift (@taylorswift) on Jul 13, 2018 at 10:44am PDT
Taylor Swift grew up on a farm in Reading, PA, and just like with my parents, they didn't give birth to her because they wanted her to become an international popstar, they just wanted the free labor. Taylor's family had a Christmas tree farm on the property, and she has said it was her job to get rid of the praying mantises that resided in the trees so they wouldn't hatch their babies in customers' houses. It would be better for my jokes if her job was to remove snakes from the trees, but I'm sure I can come up with something about bugs too. How about this one: I'm sure Taylor just kindly asked the vermin to exclude her from their narrative, one she never asked to be a part of, and they got tf out of those trees. Okay that was bad, but I've only had one coffee today so please take pity.
Hugh Jackman Worked At 7-11
Everyone's favorite X-Men (or is it man?) once worked at a 7-11. I feel like this job has its pros and cons. On the one hand, you get unlimited slurpees. On the other hand, every time I'm in a 7-11 I get the feeling that I'm 90 seconds away from a meth addict robbing the place with a sawed-off shotgun. Thankfully that never happened to our friend Hugh, probably because he was in Australia and not in Florida, but also because he's chattier than the girl that sits next to you talking about her Keto diet, and it got him fired. That's right, some lady complained that Hugh talked too much and 7-11 would NOT stand for that. Good to know they draw the line somewhere. My male boss just volunteered to search the ladies' bathroom in the event of a fire, and everyone laughed. Brb going to 7-11 to fill out an application.
Miley Cyrus Cleaned Houses
This one is a little perplexing, since Miley Cyrus has been getting that Disney paper since her Hannah Montana days, but the internet says she used to clean houses. And obviously everything on the internet is true. Word on the street is that she used to work for a company called "Sparkles Cleaning Service." Are we sure this was not a plotline on her show, because it certainly sounds like a company an 11-year-old would make up. It's a good thing she got that experience, though, because years later she offered herself up as a naked maid for charity. God, I forgot there was that period of time where Miley was imitating in real life everything she saw in a porno. Liam and I are glad we've moved past that.
See, celebrities are just like us! That is, until they make enough money for their own private jet and the closest they ever get to a McDonald's again is when their assistant forgot to fast-forward through that commercial on their DVR. Here's hoping we all get that rich one day!
Images: Shutterstock; Giphy (2); taylorswift/Instagram
Sweetest Betch You'll Ever Meet

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A create-a-character tool for The Sims 2 will be available for free in May - months before the full game is expected to hit shelves.
Body Shop will allow players to create new 3D Sims from scratch, with it being possible to tweak hairstyles, facial features (such as nose length, eyebrow thickness and chin shape), body textures and even clothing patterns, for which you'll need access to an image-editing program such as Microsoft Paint or Adobe Photoshop.
The application will be purely based around visuals though: characteristics such as personalities or family lines can only be tinkered with in the Create-a-Sim mode in the final game. However, all characters designed with the tool can be exported into a file that can be traded with other players via email or posting on the web.


text:
NEW: Voyageur COVID Links
Scouts Canada's COVID Response (Updated often)
Important Update on Camping
Welcome to Scouts Canada
Voyageur Council (charitable # 10776 1694 RR0204) is 1 of 20 Councils within Scouts Canada and is located in Eastern Ontario, hosting 7000 members in 100 Groups. The Council generally covers the territory from Petawawa to Kingston to the Quebec border, and includes communities in and around Gatineau, Quebec.
Voyageur maintains 10 properties within its 9 Service Areas which benefit members by providing a variety of locations for delivering exciting, year-round outdoor program activities. The Council also runs a vibrant residential summer camp program out of Camp Opemikon near Perth, ON for youth ages 7 to 16.
The Council is supported by the Scouting Service Centre (OTTAWA) in Ottawa, Ontario; and also serves Quebec and Northern Ontario Councils.
Space Exploration Kit for Cub Scouts in Ottawa Scout shop available for borrowing. Read more...
Updated list coming soon!
Important Update on Camping in Ontario...Read More
September 2, 2020 -- Novel Coronavirus Update...Read More
New Council Youth Commissioner announced...Read More
New Council Relationship Manager and Scouting Relationship Manager announced...Read More
Gone Home -- Jim Armour...Read More
New Council Commissioner announced...Read More
Marketing Materials for Loan...Read More
New Voyageur Council Scouting Relationship Manager announced...Read More
Registration Coming Soon
More What's Happening
Scouts Canada, the country's leading youth organization, offers seven challenging programs for boys, girls and youth age 5-26 in thousands of individual groups in most cities and towns across Canada. Over 74,000 young people enjoy Scouts Canada's programs, which are provided by 23,000 caring and dedicated volunteers. Scouts Canada's national office is located in Ottawa.
Scouts Canada is a not-for-profit organization (Charitable Registration No. 10776 1694 RR0028) and a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement.
Find a Scouts GroupCreate an Account


Atlanta Compounding Pharmacy has recognized how often pressure sores and skin wounds have troubled people. If you are one of those who are suffering from hard-to-heal wounds, our custom compounding solutions may be right for you.
Some of the reasons why wounds do not heal easily are aging, being bedridden, illness and immobility. Weight bearing areas are commonly the ones subjected to hard-to-heal wounds, often without relief. Other factors that can also affect wound healing would include age, nutritional status and weight.
There are several ways in which we can treat your skin wounds. One is to improve mobility so that pressure sores can be relieved. Improving the nutrition of the client by increasing collagen and Vitamin C intake, for instance, may also work. Topical medications can also be applied to the respective wounded areas.
Other ways in which our medications can help is when they are applied to the surrounding areas of the wounds. Doing so will help promote better blood flow which therefore hastens the healing process. These medications can be offered to those who have poor circulation problems, even if they do not have wounds, as long as they have prescriptions to do so.
Atlanta Compounding Pharmacy will assist you not just in healing your difficult wounds but also in preventing them. With our expertise in creating customized medications, we can help you develop the right solutions to your would related problems!


Sailing is best learned where local waters present as many flavors of sailing as can be hoped for in one place: Winds from all points of the compass, and wind speeds from gentle wafts to violent gales. Tidal and river currents, ships, barges, and recreational boats. Shoals and lee shores, bridges, and locks. Parades and races. State of the art aids to navigation and local marks in use for thousands of years. And within a day's travel, an ocean, the other way, a mountain river gorge! All these assets and more are available to us. We live in a grand place to sail.
After too many years of teaching a watered down curriculum crafted to plug into places with few or none of these gifts, we produced our own book. A Forest of Sails was written based on decades of teaching and sailing on these local waters. AFS brings to life the myriad lessons right before us that only need a nudge and a bit of scrubbing to fix. It was edited by David Ritchie, Ph.D., Professor of History, author and playwright, and illustrated by Fae Young, professional artist and former student of PSC.
A Forest of Sails was reviewed by local professionals. Dale Waagmeester, sailmaker, sailing writer and arguably the most respected sailing authority in Oregon reviewed and approved every word we wrote about sails and what to do with them. Scientists from Oregon State University and NOAA reviewed those chapters dealing with the Columbia River Bar and local winds, respectively. Capt. Ann McIntyre, past president of Columbia River Pilot's Association, reviewed and approved the chapter on Columbia River navigation.
The reviews have been great! Students say the book is engaging and fun, readable, and relevant.
These three chapters discuss the context of sailing on the Columbia River. Wind and current top the list, followed by discussions about navigation and traffic conditions and hazards, seasonal and daily characteristics of the river, and particular safety considerations. These are challenging waters. If you can manage the Columbia River you are well set for waters anywhere in the world.
These eight chapters cover the meat of sailing, the terminology, techniques, maneuvers, and "how-tos;" including countless references to local conditions and examples. Everything from knots to overboard recovery techniques are touched on here; also Rules of the Nautical Road, sailing theory, wind formulas, heavy weather sailing, docking and anchoring. Much of this is optional reading for new sailors, but it is all written in plain language, with local references, and occasional spritzes of humor.
These five chapters introduce big boats, their particular hardware, and how to operate them. Two of of these chapters discuss Columbia River piloting, the bar, and a bit about local coastal sailing.


text:
Q: tar folder without current folder When I tar my folder dist with file t.txt:
$ tar -czvf ../dist.tar.gz .
./
./t.txt

I see that ./ added. Check
tar -ztvf dist.tar.gz.

show me two entry
./
./t.txt

How create archive without ./ folder?
Thank you!

A: You can achieve this by not letting tar process the . directory (and generate the files ./a.txt, ...)
Let bash do the expansion:
tar -czvf dist.tar.gz *

Won't work if filenames contain spaces, or if there are too many filenames that are too long (see xargs --show-limits </dev/null)


text:
English at Oxford: Finding News
Remember when using websites to always evaluate the news you find. Even if you think you are reading a reputable news source, fake news can still be found.
General News Websites
Associated Press - Independent, non-for-profit news cooperative based in New York
AFP - International news agency based in France
Reuters - International multimedia news agency
Newspapers LibGuide
You can find more information about all the newspapers available, in both print and electronic, by visiting the Bodleian LibGuide: http://libguides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/newspapers
Newspapers on Databases A-Z
You can find links to a large number of British and foreign newspapers in the Newspapers section on Databases A-Z
Individual titles include: the Guardian (1821-2003) /Observer (1791-2003), the Irish Times (1859-2007) and the Scotsman (1817-1950) - which are all available via Proquest Historical Newspapers; the Times Digital Archive and the Times Literary Supplement Centenary Archive.
There are also fully searchable newspaper collections, such as ProQuest Historical Newspapers, and the 17th and 18th Century Burney Collection Newspapers and the 19th Century British Library Newspapers collections, and databases such as Nexis UK and Factiva, which include links to newspaper articles.
For help wth using some of these resources see the following guides:
17th-18th Century Burney Collection online help
19th Century British Newspapers online help
(These resources are only accessible from a computer connected to the University of Oxford network, or by logging on remotely using your SSO username and password)
Proquest Historical Newspapers online guide
Nexis UK
Search for articles where the search term appears in the headline?
Search for two terms within the same sentence?
Search for articles from a particular publication?
(N.B. If you are not connected to the Oxford network you will need to login with your Oxford Single Sign On username and password to gain full access to the above online resources)
<< Previous: Evaluating Websites
Next: Find out more >>


amoxicillin Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email.
Forecasters have been predicting it for months, but last weekend it happened. 2018 has been the wettest year in the Washington DC metro area since 1889, when recordings were first made – over 61 inches and we're not done yet.
Whole weeks have passed without sun, as if the sky was taking a prolonged tantrum, and like a toddler needed to catch a breath before launching into a fresh bout of hysterical crying. You knew what was coming, and all you could do was brace yourself and wait. This hasn't been gentle rain, but sustained, flood-level, torrential downpours.
I know gray on gray tones for days on end are normal some places, but they aren't here, and they aren't for me. Noticing the light – the way it intensifies, clarifies, and alters is often my impetus to pick up a camera. My muse was on extended hiatus this year, and I yielded to the gloom her absence created rather than fight against it.
But when the she did grace us, on those few precious days that were brilliant, each ray was a revelation. It may seem as though Brutalist architecture was my subject in this set of images, but the concrete, glass and mirrors were just the tools I had at hand with which to appreciate and the honor the light.
Wishing all of you light and warmth in these closing days of 2018, and then another generous portion to carry you into and through the new year.
Oh, you are experiencing Seattle gray! You did manage to find some stellar light, along with beautiful lines and shadows. Your photos are so good.
Love this set so much! Gotta love that golden, evening, haven't-seen-the-sun-for-days light! 🙂 Thanks for sharing these with us. You've inspired me to pursue the light, even in these dark, winter days.


text:
#pragma once
#include <aws/groundstation/GroundStation_EXPORTS.h>

namespace Aws
{
template<typename RESULT_TYPE>
class AmazonWebServiceResult;

namespace Utils
{
namespace Json
{
  class JsonValue;
} // namespace Json
} // namespace Utils
namespace GroundStation
{
namespace Model
{
  /**
   *

See Also:
   AWS
   * API Reference

   */
  class AWS_GROUNDSTATION_API TagResourceResult
  {
  public:
    TagResourceResult();
    TagResourceResult(const Aws::AmazonWebServiceResult<Aws::Utils::Json::JsonValue>& result);
    TagResourceResult& operator=(const Aws::AmazonWebServiceResult<Aws::Utils::Json::JsonValue>& result);

  };

} // namespace Model
} // namespace GroundStation
} // namespace Aws

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Julia's Coffee & Books
About Julia's Coffee
Julia's Coffee is a division of Habitat for Humanity Charlotte. Julia's exists not only to support Habitat, but also to create a place where the community can get a sustainable, conscientious cup of delicious coffee. Our certified organic beans are grown in El Salvador and are roasted locally in Durham. We pay above fair market (or Direct Trade) price per pound to ensure that workers are paid a living wage.
We chose El Salvador not only for their high quality of shade grown coffee, but also because of Habitat Charlotte's close relationship with Habitat El Salvador. Finca Mauritania, where our coffee is grown, overlooks Santa Ana and hundreds of homes built in El Salvador with hands from Charlotte. This truly gives new meaning to the term "House Coffee".
Who is Julia?
Julia's Coffee Shop is named after one of Charlotte's pioneering public servants, Julia Maulden. As the first volunteer executive director, she helped get Habitat for Humanity started in Charlotte. She not only worked on the first Charlotte Habitat home, she also brought Jimmy Carter to the Optimist Park Neighborhood for a fourteen house Build-a-Thon.
Julia grew up poor in the segregated South, borrowing and working her way through Greensboro Women's College during the Depression. That experience, combined with her religious beliefs shaped the course of her life. She said, "You can't just sit around loving your neighbor abstractly; you have to get out and do something for him."
Her public service began in Kannapolis with the local Girl Scout movement where she helped to build the Girl Scout camp that still bears her name - Camp Julia. In 1945 she was named Kannapolis' woman of the year.
In 1960 she moved to Davidson, North Carolina with her family where she became active in the school system for her kids. Her involvement led to her eventual membership in the Charlotte Mecklenburg school board, which lasted from 1966-1974. This time proved to be an extremely turbulent period, when people were openly at odds over the desegregation of schools. With her firm beliefs, she became a strong advocate for integration, despite the risk and ridicule it involved. "Her innate intelligence helped her see the world in broader terms than most people around her," said her Reverend, Will Terry. Julia's determination to fight for what she knew was right earned her Charlotte's Woman of the Year in 1973.
At the age of sixty she resigned from the school board and spent the next eighteen months in the Peace Corps teaching children in the African nation of Zaire in a very challenging environment. When she returned, she spent the next chapter of her life bringing her former students to the US and paying their way through prominent schools such as Columbia University and Davidson College.
In 1991 she told the Charlotte Observer's Tom Bradbury that to ask yourself, "Am I better off," is the wrong question. "Are we better off?" is the question. Because of Julia, we know that the answer to that questions is "Yes."
All proceeds from Julia's Coffee Shop will go toward building homes for families in need.
1133 North Wendover Road
Charlotte Quilters Guild
Omimeo Mime Theatre
The Charlotte Film School


text:
New THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN Images
Check Out: New THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN 2 Images
XOXO! Ed Westwick In Talks To Play Vampire In THE KITCHEN SINK
Roberto Orci And Alex Kurtzman Return For STAR TREK 3
Denis Leary Boards THE KITCHEN SINK, Vanessa Hudgens (Still) In Talks
Two new stills from Marc Webb's upcoming The Amazing Spider-Man movie are here, so make sure you check them out. This time we could be nice and say that we finally have some action from Peter Parker, but that would be a terrible mistake, because, as you see, the guy is just sitting out there doing absolutely nothing. The other image shows Andrew Garfield in a computer-room, or whatever that thing is… I'm not fascinated with this project, although they say it's the first in a series of movies that will tell us a different side of the Peter Parker story. That includes Peter who is trying to figure out who he is and how he got to be the person he is today. In his journey to put the pieces of his past together he uncovers a secret his father held…a secret that will ultimately shape his destiny as Spider-Man. The good thing (I guess) is that Roberto Orci and Alex Kurtzman are currently rewriting the screenplay for a follow-up to The Amazing Spider-Man, so who knows, maybe a miracle will happen after all. The Amazing Spider-Man also stars Emma Stone, Rhys Ifans, Martin Sheen, Sally Field and Denis Leary, and opens on July 3rd, 2012.
Related Topics:Alex Kurtzman, Andrew Garfield, Denis Leary, Emma Stone, Marc Webb, Martin Sheen, Rhys Ifans, Roberto Orci, Sally Field, The Amazing Spider-Man
More in Movie Photos
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By May 29, 2018
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SUBMERGENCE Movie Photos – Alicia Vikander
SUBMERGENCE Movie Photos - Alicia Vikander
DISOBEDIENCE Movie Photos – Rachel Weisz and Rachel McAdams
By Allan Ford May 29, 2018
DISOBEDIENCE Movie Photos - Rachel Weisz and Rachel McAdams
New THE DARK KNIGHT RISES Viral Campaign Launches Ahead of Trailer
25 THE DARK KNIGHT RISES Photos


text:
Kontryhel obecný (Alchemilla vulgaris) je léčivá rostlina z čeledi růžovitých. Náleží do skupiny několika desítek velmi podobných a systematicky často problematických druhů, z nichž nejběžnější je kontryhel žlutozelený (A. xanthochlora), kontryhel holý (A. glabra) a kontryhel pastvinný (A. monticola).

Lidové názvy
 husí nožka
 alchemilka
 rosička
 kontík
 klobouček

Popis
Je to vytrvalá bylina s dlouhým oddenkem, pokrytým zbytky odumřelých listů, z něhož vybíhá bohatá přízemní růžice dlouze řapíkatých, poměrně tuhých, v obrysu ledvinitých 9-11laločných listů, které jsou svrchu lysé, na spodní straně a řapících ochlupené, v mládí charakteristicky řasnatě složené podél hlavních žilek. Lodyha je 10 až 30 cm vysoká, vystoupavá až přímá a v horní části větvená. Drobné žlutozelené kvítky tvoří koncová vrcholičnatá květenství podobná klubku. Květy jsou pravidelné, oboupohlavné, se čtyřmi kališními i korunními lístky. Tyčinky jsou také čtyři, jeden pestík dozrává po oplození v nažku, uzavřenou v češuli. Kvete vytrvale od května do září.

Výskyt
Je velmi hojně rozšířen od nížin do hor na loukách, pastvinách, travnatých návsích, prameništích, ve světlých vlhčích lesích, u cest a potoků. Vyskytuje se téměř v celé Evropě, v mírné a severní Asii a ve východní části Severní Ameriky. Na jih zasahuje až na Kavkaz a do Himálaje, na severu do Grónska.

Účinky
Účinnou drogou je nať nebo listy (Herba resp. Folium alchemillae), obsahující 6–8 % hydrolyzovatelných tříslovin, hořčiny, silice, stopy kyseliny salicylové, vitamín C a další. Kvetoucí nať nebo listy se sbírají od května do září a suší se běžným způsobem ve stínu, co nejrychleji a ve slabých vrstvách, poněvadž droga je velice choulostivá, snadno se zapaří a suchá je naopak velmi drobivá. Suchá má původní zbarvení, je bez pachu a má svíravou nahořklou chuť. Drogu znehodnocují především jinak zbarvené části a cizí organické příměsi.

Dříve byl kontryhel považován za důležitou, v lidovém léčitelství často používanou rostlinu především proti průjmům, střevním katarům, při silné menstruaci, špatném trávení, nadýmání, katarech dýchacích cest, plicní tuberkulóze, žaludečních vředech, cukrovce, vodnatelnosti, jaterních a ledvinových chorobách, zánětech močového měchýře, krvácení a k posílení dělohy před porodem. Zevně se používal k omývání špatně se hojících ran, ekzémů, bércových vředů, ke kloktání při zánětech dutiny ústní a k výplachům při krvácení z nosu a různých výtocích. Význam mu přikládali také středověcí alchymisté, kteří při hledání zlata a "kamene mudrců" používali tzv. nebeskou rosu – kapky vody, nápadně se třpytící na listech kontryhele. Svědčí o tom i rodový název Alchemilla.

Dodnes se v lidovém léčitelství používá jako svíravý prostředek při průjmech, při silné menstruaci a preventivně k potlačení klimakterických příznaků. Má i mírný protikřečový a močopudný účinek. Je také součástí metabolických čajových směsí používaných při redukční dietě. Vnitřně se používá zápar ze dvou čajových lžiček řezané drogy na šálek, který se po 10 minutách zcedí. Pije se neslazený dvakrát denně. Při silné a bolestivé menstruaci se doporučují dva šálky záparu denně v druhé polovině cyklu. K zevnímu použití slouží buď zápar nebo odvar z dvojnásobného množství drogy.

Vedlejší účinky: Ani při dlouhodobějším užívání nebyly zjištěny žádné vedlejší účinky.

Externí odkazy

Růžovité
Léčivé rostliny
Flóra Česka
Flóra jihovýchodní Evropy
Flóra jihozápadní Evropy
Flóra severní Evropy
Flóra střední Evropy
Flóra východní Evropy
Flóra ruského Dálného východu
Flóra Sibiře
Flóra Indického subkontinentu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I was red and made a big mistake here, and it probably cost me the match. I know my take point is 19.8 percent, and I know that the value of gammons is 1.0. I estimated my wins at 40 percent, and I was right on. But I estimated gammons at 20 percent. Using my method of calculating takes, I subtracted 20 from 40 and came up with a bare take. I looked at this a long time and really thought I would anchor most of the time and not get gammoned so much. I was wrong. The gammon rate here is 30 percent making this a big drop.
Since I was on the boarder, and playing a very good player (Bob Steen) I decided to take.
In the actual game, I didn't get gammoned, but I still lost the game and then the match.


RG Joinery - Carpenter based in Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire.
RGJoinery has over 10 years experience in the industry and provides all customers with a high standard of Workmanship at very competitive prices.
Over that time I have managed to build up good Relationships with customers who always use me again.


text:
Clinical Images | June 2013
Barium Sulfate Aspiration
Joseph M. Shulan, DO; Naeem A. Ali, MD
From The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center in Columbus
Address correspondence to Joseph M. Shulan, DO, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210-1267. E-mail: shulanjoe@gmail.com
Imaging / Pulmonary Disorders / Clinical Images
The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, June 2013, Vol. 113, 495. doi:10.7556/jaoa.2013.113.6.495
Shulan JM, Ali NA. Barium Sulfate Aspiration. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2013;113(6):495. doi: 10.7556/jaoa.2013.113.6.495.
A woman was evaluated for dyspnea after she inhaled barium sulfate during an upper gastrointestinal barium study that was administered by means of a percutaneous endo scopic gastrostomy tube. A plain radiograph of the chest revealed alveolar barium sulfate depositions (arrows) in the middle lobe of the right lung and in the lower lobes and the posterior aspects of the upper lobes of both lungs (image). Because of substantial hypoxia (SpO2, 58.4%), the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit, where she received endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilator support for 2 weeks. The patient then underwent tracheotomy and was discharged to a long-term acute care hospital, where she continued to receive ventilator support. At 2-month follow-up, the patient's symptoms had not improved, and she needed intermittent ventilator support.
Oral barium sulfate aspiration is an uncommon but well-reported complication of upper gastrointestinal contrast material studies and is associated with a mortality rate of 30% to 50%.1 Postural techniques (eg, lying on the side, rotating the head, moving the head downward so the chin touches the neck) may minimize the risk of aspiration during oral administration of barium sulfate.2 Although a well-recognized complication of oral administration, aspiration can still occur with direct gastric instillation. Clinicians should pay attention to the postural support of patients undergoing direct gastric instillation.
View Original | Slide (.ppt)
Financial disclosures: None reported.
Franquet T, Giménez A, Rosón N, Torrubia S, Sabaté J, Pérez C. Aspiration diseases: findings, pitfalls, and differential diagnosis. Radiographics. 2000;20(3):673-678. http://radiographics.rsna.org/content/20/3/673.full.pdf+html. Accessed November 20, 2012.
Rasley A, Logemann JA, Kahrilas PJ, Rademaker AW, Pauloski BR, Dodds WJ. Prevention of barium aspiration during videofluoroscopic swallowing studies: value of change in posture. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993;160(5):1005-1009. http://www.ajronline.org/content/160/5/1005.long. Accessed October 26, 2012.


text:
Soumaya Mestiri (La Marsa, Túnez; 8 de julio de 1976) es una filósofa tunecina. Sus investigaciones se enfocan principalmente en temas como la historia del liberalismo, el republicanismo, al igual que en teorías de la justicia y el feminismo.

Vida
Después de sus estudios, fue una conferencista en la Universidad de París, donde sustentó en 2003 una tesis titulada "La Concepción de la Persona en la Filosofía de John Rawls: Ensayo de la Reconstrucción de la Teoría de la Justicia como Equidad", frente a un jurado presidido por Emmanuel Picavet, además de estar conformado por Catherine Audard y Monique Canto-Sperber.  Después realizó una investigación postdoctoral en la University of Louvain-la-Neuve, y en 2005, regresó a la docencia en Túnez. Fue profesora en la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales de Túnez.

Su tesis fue publicada como libro en 2007, por la Casa de las Ciencias del Hombre con el título "Del Individuo al Ciudadano: Rawls y el Problema de la Persona", posteriormente en 2009 se publicó el libro "Rawls: Justicia y Equidad. Empezó a estudiar los textos filosóficos de la tradición árabe-musulmana, traduciéndolos y comentando sobre el filósofo persa medieval Al-Fârâbî, el filósofo y matemático Al-Kindi, así como del escritor, teólogo y naturalista Al-Jahiz.

A inicios de 2009, sus investigaciones tomaron un nuevo enfoque, centrándose en temas árabes-musulmanes como la democracia y el Islam;  Al-Kindi y Ibn Khaldoun; y Amartya Sen. De igual forma, se dedica a estudiar la relación entre el feminismo, la sociedad Occidental y la sociedad Islámica, aunado a esto también explora el debate en Francia sobre los burkinis, destacando reacciones feministas francesas qué llaman a los burkinis una forma de "compasión sobresaliente" frente a la mujer musulmana.

Obras

Artículos

 L'islam, un interlocuteur démocratique:Vers un concept global de démocratique.
 Collective Rights, Liberalism, and Tolerance:A Debate between Rawls, Kymlicka, Taylor, and Habermas.

De Tocqueville au républicanisme:Sur quelques publications récentes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Soumaya Mestiri en Universität des Saarlandes

Filósofas de Túnez


I have often commented on your blog posts about how you guys in the US get the best shopping deals.
Where I live in Canada, not too far from the border, the clearance sections in the stores take off about 10% and call that a clearance. What? A $100.00 item is clearance priced at $90.00? I don't think so.
Yesterday I went to a clearance centre for the Sears store to look for some tops for work mostly. This is a separate store not part of the regular stores and is all clearance items.
Finally someplace that understands how to clear out merchandise.
Not only was this stuff at a low clearance price but they were taking a further 25% off at the checkout. If I had used my Sears credit card they would have taken off more still.
The column on the left is a black skort, a coral, white and cream coloured turtleneck (think fall) and a black tee.
The second column is a nice green faux suede jacket with a zip front and an ivory colour silky shirt.
The 3rd column shows a coral sleeveless shirt and a lovely striped shirt.
Last but not least was a 2 piece set. A beautiful yellow silky tee with a sheer overshirt with a pretty butterfly design.
What did I pay for all this booty? 10 pieces of clothing for $74.00 before our taxes. I would have bought a lot more but because I am only 5' tall but wear a large size of clothing the sleeves are often too long for me. I will shorten the sleeves on the green jacket but the clothing I left behind had fancy cuffs and stuff that I would not want to try to alter.
That my friends, is what I call a clearance!!!
You did very well! I wish we had good bargains over here in Australia. I so agree with you about the prices of things in the US. It is so expensive here too.
I love a deal! Good job.
Nice haul! Don't you love it?!
sweet deal...you really scored some beauties!
I always love a deal! And you got a great stash there for just a little moola!
Think what all of it would have been full price! I love bargain shopping!
Great deals! Sounds like a place I'd like to visit!
Seriously, 10% off is a clearance?? Oy!
Good stuff!......I'm a 6 footer.... learned to sew when I was a rugrat. I got tired of buying pants and wearing peddle-pushers. I guess they are called "capi" now days.... don't like them either.
Man your page has really grown!


In the malls, many parents do not know how to choose the best and the most suitable wet wipes for babies because there are too much types of wet wipes with different brands. In order to help parents to solve this problems, NOX-BELLCOW, wet wipes manufacturer will give some suggestions for parents on how to choose a kind of wet wipe that is most suitable for your babies.
First, products' dates Although only a small one wipe, there are many things should be considered. Wipes is hygiene products, so their health requirements will certainly be higher to customers. Therefore, buying wipes in malls should pay more attention to the brands and quality guarantee period. Some outdated wipes may missed by the sellers, thus, checking the dates of wet wipes is important. The anti-bacteria ability of babies is not as strong as adults. Outdated or low quality baby wet wipes are harmful for babies' health. Besides, parents would better not buy too much wet wipes once; otherwise keep for a long time used up will result in waste.
Second, the material Wipes are made of a variety, suitable for babies of only one, is spunlace nonwoven fabric. A lot of people may not have heard of this name, in fact, we do not understand too much, just look at product descriptions, pay attention to the raw material of spunlace nonwoven wipes it. If moms want to know a little more detailed, is one of viscose and polyester 5:5 ratio is the best. When buying baby wipes in thickness have a choice, generally marked with 50g per square meter, which is good, and more suitable for baby to use.
Third, liquid Baby wet wipes liquid cannot be too complicated, the general is pure water and some skin care ingredients, more common is the aloe Vera and green tea, in fact, these ingredients are similar, the biggest difference is not the same as adding spices, so the taste is not the same. Mothers do not need to choose the time at which entangled better. But there is never allowed inside the alcohol wipes, which is a great baby skin irritation. Some have antibacterial wipes dosing can prevent red buttocks, outdoors is recommended to use this kind of situation in the indoor hygiene standards, then use ordinary wipes enough.
Fourth, the concept Mom bought wipes when you want to change the concept, not advertising wipes is good, nor is occupying a place on the shelves of most is the best, but not the price expensive is good. Brands will have some good company flagship product, so advertising overwhelming, but may not be suitable for your baby to use, select wipes depend ingredients. Recommends mothers use baby wipes to the usual frequency is not too high, although very convenient, is always rub the baby's skin, the baby will be uncomfortable is not manifested.
Nox-bellcow (ZhongShan) Nonwoven Chemical Limited established in 2004, the Sino-Hong Kong joint Venture enterprise .We steadfastly delivers on our business philosophy of creating a "win-win" situations by collaborating with the world's best', providing reliable and O D M services to our clients, specialized in wet wipes OEM & ODM services. Nox-bellcow primarily develops and produces Varions kinds of personal care products with three Main categories: Wet tissues and wipes: wet wipes, baby wet wipes, adult wet wipes, feminine wet wipes, household wet wipes, etc. Facial mask: for face, eye and nose. Skin care products: such as moisturizing lotions and cleansing milk.


text:
Q: How do I make a TreeNode not visible? (C#) There is probably a really straightforward answer to this but I'm having difficulty finding it.
Simple, I have a TreeNode and I would like to make its visibility false. (or another way of not allowing it to be shown until required).
Edit - Another Question?
I'm confused as to how there isn't a Visible attribute but then there is the property:
Node.PrevVisibleNode;

What is the difference between this and Node.PrevNode?
Thanks,

A: I don't think you can do that. There is an IsVisible property, but it is readonly and will indicate whether the node is currently visible within the client area of the TreeView control. I think you will need to remove it from the nodes collection in which it resides (and optionally remember the position of it to be able to restore it.

A: Hmm... I originally (and incorrectly) mentioned IsVisible. However, on inspection I expect the answer is simply: don't add it until you need it.
This is easier if your UI model is an abstraction above your actual data model, so you can store items in the data model regardless of their visibility, and simply update the UI (add/remove/update nodes) as necessary.

A: I don't think you can. You'll have to remove the node.

A:
Node.PrevVisibleNode;

I think this means visible as in it's visible to the user (all parent nodes are expanded)


text:
TBI Tech & Analysis: Unpacking the $70bn+ online video ad market
By Kia Ling Teoh, Matthew Bailey, Tony Gunnarsson, Marija Masalskis
15th February 2021 @ 17:18
Last week, we explored the huge potential of the global video advertising market, with revenues expected to hit $120bn by the end of 2024. Now, we take a deeper dive to find out how the sector is changing in specific countries with analysis from research powerhouse and TBI sibling, Omdia.
As we have already discovered, global online video ad revenues will grow from $70bn in 2020 to reach $120bn by the end of 2024, providing huge opportunity for those operating across the sector.
Driven by the post Covid-19 online video consumption surge that is here to stay, video (including in-stream and out-stream), will account for 52% of online display advertising revenue by the end of 2024, growing from 47% in 2020. Here, we explore the potential in four markets.
French broadcasters braced
Omdia estimates that broadcast video on demand (BVOD) generated €130m ($157m) in ad revenue in France during 2020, contributing 16% of the country's €800m total online video ad revenue.
TF1 was the market leader with revenue of €66m, despite a fall from the year before. The company's ad-supported service, MyTF1, had 27 million registered users in 2019, when the service recorded 1.8 billion video views (up 24% year on year). Rival M6's service 6Play had 27 million registered accounts in 2019 and 110 million videos viewed per month, up 10% year on year.
In 2020, 59% of France's online video ad revenue was generated by Facebook and YouTube. This share grew from 52% in 2017. Both YouTube and Facebook are forecast to grow more strongly than French broadcaster BVOD services. Omdia forecasts that broadcaster share of the online video advertising market will decrease to 14% in 2024.
UK's growing appetite
In 2020, 53% of the UK's online video ad revenue was generated by YouTube and Facebook, reflecting the duopoly's increasing dominance of the market: this figure stood at just 43% in 2017.
Broadcaster online video ad revenue accounted for 15% of the market in 2020, representing £424m ($580m) of the total online video ad revenue market of £2.8bn. Omdia forecasts that broadcasters' share of online video advertising will drop before expanding toward the end of the forecast period as broadcasters bolster their digital ad offerings in the face of increasing OTT competition.
The importance of online video to UK broadcasters shifted up a gear in 2020. Channel 4 stated in the autumn of 2020 that digital advertising accounted for 14% of its overall revenue in 2019 and should account for 17% by the end of 2020. ITV also announced a major restructure, which elevated its on-demand services (including the ad-supported ITV Hub) within the company structure. The broadcaster said that on-demand viewing also allows for more targeted advertising, and it sees this as an opportunity for ad revenue growth. ITV reported in September 2020 that ITV Hub had 32.1 million registered accounts, up 7% from 2019.
The BBC iPlayer also has an impact on the UK broadcaster online video market too. While the BBC is publicly funded and receives no advertising revenue, the iPlayer service can be credited with helping to drive growth and adoption of long-form online video in the UK.
Indian innovation
India will generate INR65bn ($890m) in online video revenue by the end of 2020, according to Omdia. The market is dominated by YouTube, which controlled 34% of the market by the end of 2020.
This is followed by Facebook at 9% and Star India at 7% during the same period. The market is rather fragmented with other players taking 44% of revenue in 2020. These include a bunch of homegrown AVOD players such as MX Player, JioTV, and TVF and social platforms such as Twitter.
Facebook's share of the country's video revenue will swell to 12% by the end of 2024 as a result of its vast investments in a populous market that boasts 800 million unique mobile users. Omdia estimates that India accounted for 13% of Facebook's global monthly active users but only contributed 0.5% of the company's global online video advertising revenue in 2020.
This indicates plenty of room to grow in a market driven by small businesses, which is the key segment of Facebook's advertisers. The company's $5.7bn investment in digital technology company Jio Platforms also underlines its ambition to push WhatsApp payment in the market to create a seamless social video and e-commerce mobile experience.
Star India, the operator of Disney+ Hotstar, generated INR4.2bn ($58m) from its online video operations in 2020. This represents 4.1% of the group's TV advertising revenue, a share that will grow to 9.3% by the end of 2024 according to Omdia's estimates. Sony Pictures' SonyLIV commands a sizeable INR1.8bn ($25m) online video ad revenue, about 6% of the network's TV advertising revenue. Zee Network operates Zee5, which Omdia estimates made INR347m ($5m), or 1% of its TV advertising revenue, in 2020.
US goes next generation
While YouTube and Facebook made up 42% of online video advertising revenue in the US in 2020, their combined share will decline by several percentage points in the period to 2024 as new social platforms and a new generation of AVOD services gain traction.
The broadcaster segment will expand its market share from 14% to 18%. Growth will almost exclusively come from the new generation of AVOD services, which were launched or acquired by major US channel groups in 2019–20. Omdia expects Hulu, Peacock, Pluto TV, and Tubi (owned by Disney, Comcast NBCU, Viacom CBS, and Fox respectively) to grow in size to be comparable to flagship broadcast networks in terms of revenue within the next five years. For example, Disney's Hulu and TV Everywhere services (e.g., Disney Now) will bring in over 33% of total ad revenue across the conglomerate's linear TV and online properties.
The excerpts above come from Omdia's extensive recent paper, 'Global Online Video Advertising Report, 2020', which provides an in-depth exploration and analysis of the market in an array of countries.
It was written by: Kia Ling Teoh, senior analyst for TV, video & advertising; Matthew Bailey, senior analyst for digital content & advertising; Tony Gunnarsson, principal analyst for TV, video & advertising; and Marija Masalskis, senior principal analyst for TV, video & advertising. Omdia is the global research powerhouse which, like TBI, is part of Informa.
Tags: OMDIA
TBI Tech & Analysis: Diving into advertising's effect on content in 2023
Advertising has become a key source of revenue as streamers look to fight subscriber fatigue, but what does 2023 have in store and what are the key trends? Omdia's Matthew Bailey explains the story so far and picks out how content owners can benefit. Digital's march on advertising revenue has continued largely unabated over the […]
TBI Scripted: Behind 'The Last Of Us' post-apocalyptic love story
Launching just over two weeks ago, post-apocalyptic drama The Last Of Us is already shaping up to be one of HBO's tentpole scripted series. A second season renewal was confirmed at the end of last week and prior to that, the show's second episode was watched by 5.7m viewers across HBO and linear telecasts in […]
TBI Weekly: What Amazon & HBO Max's TV ads tell us about global content trends
If you want to make sense of the content industry right now, just turn on a US network and watch Amazon's advert featuring both its flagship Lord Of The Rings spin-off and HBO's Game Of Thrones prequel. Richard Middleton explores why partnerships are key in 2023. Barely six months ago, rights owners such as HBO […]
With GrowthLab, a major new event from the team at Indielab, just around the corner on 9 February, TBI sat down with Indielab CEO Victoria Powell to discover why it should be in every indie founder's diary. Why have you launched GrowthLab now? The market is in flux like never before and there are many […]
TBI Tech & Analysis: How Italian viewers are adapting to OTT
TBI Tech & Analysis: Why TV will trump cinema for post-pandemic US audiences
How to adapt FAST in the 'golden age of VOD'
Getting the most out of hybrid working


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DOJ revises export control and sanctions enforcement policy
By Jaclyn Jaeger2019-12-16T20:12:00+00:00
The Department of Justice announced it has revised its policy regarding voluntary disclosures of export control and sanctions violations, effective as of Dec. 13.
The Voluntary Self-Disclosure Policy builds on guidance the National Security Division (NSD) issued in October 2016 and will be formally incorporated into the Justice Manual. Companies are encouraged to voluntarily self-disclose all potentially willful violations of the statutes implementing the U.S. government's primary export control and sanctions regimes—the Arms Export Control Act, the Export Control Reform Act, and the International Emergency Economic Powers Act—directly to the NSD.
The revised policy differs from its predecessor guidance in three key ways. Firstly, the policy clarifies the benefits available to companies that voluntarily disclose a violation, fully cooperate with the NSD, and timely and appropriately remediate. Absent aggravating factors, the revised policy states that "there is a presumption that the company will receive a non-prosecution agreement and will not be assessed a fine."
If aggravating circumstances warrant an enforcement action other than an NPA, but the company satisfies all other criteria, the policy states the Justice Department will recommend a fine at least 50 percent lower than what would otherwise be available under the alternative fine provision and will not require the imposition of a monitor. The prior guidance did not provide a presumption of any kind and did not assign any concrete benefits to companies that met certain criteria.
Secondly, the revised policy clarifies disclosures of potentially willful conduct made to regulatory agencies, and not to the Justice Department, will not qualify for the benefits provided in the revised policy.
Thirdly, the revised policy more closely resembles existing and analogous guidance from the Justice Department "in an effort to standardize, to the extent possible, DOJ voluntary disclosure policies," the agency said. Specifically, the definitions of "voluntary self-disclosure," "full cooperation," and "timely and appropriate remediation" closely mirror those provided in the FCPA Corporate Enforcement Policy.
The policy applies only to export control and sanctions matters brought by the NSD's Counterintelligence and Export Control Section. It does not apply to any other section in the NSD and any other part of the DOJ or any other agency.
Jaclyn JaegerJaclyn Jaeger is an editor with Compliance Week and has written on a wide variety of topics, including ethics and compliance, risk management, legal, enforcement, technology, and more.
Follow @@Jaclyn_Jaeger
FCPA Corporate Enforcement Policy
Voluntary Self-Disclosure Policy
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Unwrapping the new FCPA Corporate Enforcement Policy
The Justice Department just announced its new FCPA Corporate Enforcement Policy. How different is it from the FCPA Pilot Program? And how will it change self-reporting misconduct?
More Regulatory Policy
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OCC finalizes controversial 'Fair Access' rule as acting head departs
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'A very strong and vocal regulator': Biden taps Gary Gensler to lead SEC
Gary Gensler, former chairman of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, has reportedly been picked to be the next chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission by President-elect Joe Biden.


text:
Q: Bash subsitution: Error if missing, remap if exists I want to do something like this, but in a clever way:
var=${1:?This is an error:+--arg ${1}}

This isn't valid syntax, but basically if someone passes $1 as foo I want var to be --arg foo but if they don't, I want an error.
Is there a clever way to do this?

A: You don't need both tests, just use a plain assignment with the error test:
var="--arg ${1:?This is an error}"

If $1 was passed, it assigns it (with the prefix "--arg") to the variable; if it wasn't passed, it prints the error and exits (hence no assignment happens).
BTW, It looks like you're trying to store multiple arguments (to some other program) in a plain variable. This isn't safe, because $1 might contain spaces and/or wildcards, and if you refer to that variable without double-quotes (someprogram $var) it'll be split on all whitespace, and any wildcards will be expanded. On the other hand, if you double-quote it, the --arg part will be passed as part of the same argument.  Instead, use an array to store multiple values safely:
arrayvar=("--arg" "${1:?This is an error}")
someprogram "${arrayvar[@]}"

A: You can't combine multiple parameter expansion operators.
Do it in two steps. First check for error, then do the concatenation.
: ${1:?This is an error}
var="-arg $1"


text:
The Effect of Rain on Player Performance
Jon Bales (JonBales)
Created 7 years ago, Last Updated 3 years ago (Premium) Part of the product The Hidden Edge: How to Use Weather to Win MLB
Jonathan Bales is the founder of RotoAcademy and author of the Fantasy Sports for Smart People book series.
Rain rain go away,
Come again another day.
I had a friend who moved from our hometown (outside of Philly) to L.A., and he complained all the time about how he missed the rain and that the weather was "too nice" in California.
I think he's out of his mind because rain is awful. Granted, I stay inside pretty much all day anyway, but I do sit by a window most of the time, so it ruins my entire work-and-watch-TV ambiance. How am I supposed to tackle a subject as exhilarating as how a light drizzle affects walk rates in Major League Baseball if it's dark and gloomy outside?
I don't like it to rain wherever I'm located, but from the months of April to October, I hope for as much precipitation as possible everywhere else in the country. I'm a huge advocate of utilizing the weather in daily fantasy baseball decisions and understanding how rain affects player projections is really, really important. Rain can also lead to a big edge, which is why I love it.
As you know, it's extremely risky to roster pitchers who are in a game that could see rain. Even if the game doesn't rain out, any sort of delay can be devastating to your lineup since starters almost always get pulled if they need to sit for any significant period of time. I might take a chance on a pitcher in a game with a small chance of rain in a tournament—although even that's rare—but you simply can't take unnecessary risks with your arms in cash games.
Batters are another story because they don't get pulled if there's a delay. Actually, a rain delay (or perhaps the precipitation itself) might actually help your bats. For one, the starter could get pulled early. Second, it could be the case that pitching itself is more challenging in the rain; I'm not a professional baseball player, but a wet baseball seems like it is more difficult to throw accurately than a dry one.
Stats in the Rain
Using Baseball Reference's Batting Game Finder, I was able to examine every game played since 2000, which I broke up into three buckets: no precipitation, drizzle, and rain/showers. What's considered a 'drizzle' and what's considered an actual 'shower'? I have no fucking idea, but let's go with it.
Here's a look at five different stats sorted by precipitation.
Stats in red are the ones that are best for hitters, while blue is the worst. You can see the only stat that improves for batters in games with no rain is HR/AB. That makes some sense since you'd think rain might knock down fly balls so that they don't travel as far as they would otherwise. Still, those results are all similar: 0.27 HR/AB in rain, 0.28 in a drizzle fo' shizzle, and 0.29 in clear skies. Basically no difference.
After HR/AB, however, every batter stat is best when a game has some form of rain—and the more rain, the better. Batters get on base 33.1 percent of the time in rain compared to 32.0 percent of the time in clear skies.
When I saw the OBP numbers, it made me think that perhaps a lot of this has to do with a lack of control from pitchers, which would be reflected in both walk and strikeout rates. And indeed, pitchers walk significantly more batters and strike out fewer in the rain.
With all of those numbers, it shouldn't be surprising that teams have historically scored 3.6 percent more runs in games with rain than in those without any precipitation. The biggest effects are on walks and strikeouts: 9.6 percent more walks and 10.1 percent fewer strikeouts in rainy games.
Using Precipitation to Your Advantage
I think that there's a general misunderstanding of how to use the likelihood of precipitation to your advantage in daily fantasy baseball. A greater likelihood of rain—and thus more risk—isn't always a negative.
While I wouldn't roster a stack of hitters in my cash lineup if they're in a game with a 70% chance of rain, I might do just that in tournaments to help separate from the pack. Users get scared off when there's a high likelihood of rain, even in GPPs.
Although lots of games experience delays, not too many are actually postponed—certainly not enough to make up for sharp drops in usage that we see in games considered "high-risk."
Rostering batters in games with a high likelihood of rain but a low probability of getting postponed is probably a really underrated tournament strategy. It's something I like to do a lot, targeting high-upside offenses whose ownership will be down due to perceived risk. The reduced usage combined with the expected improvement in batting stats—due both to wet conditions and the potential for the starter to get pulled after a delay—combine to form the perfect storm (← You like that?) for daily fantasy baseball players.
And at this point, I think we need to change the old nursery rhyme.
Just kidding stay around for a little while and force the opposing pitcher out of the game but don't get out of hand because we need to get this game in I have the Blue Jays at five percent ownership.
I'll be singing that one to my kids for years to come.
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text:
The term Harding test is generically understood to mean an automatic test for photosensitive epilepsy (PSE) provocative image sequences in television content. This is properly known as a PSE test since the publication of the Digital Production Partnership (DPP)  technical requirements and the DPP PSE Devices document (in the UK) updated in November 2018.

The Harding Flash and Pattern Analyser (FPA) is proprietary software that is used to analyse video content for flashing and stationary patterns which may cause harm to those who suffer from photosensitive epilepsy. It is an implementation of the guidelines set by the regulator Ofcom in the UK largely based on the findings by Professor Graham Harding. It is available in both tape-based and file-based versions, allowing video streams from SDI, composite, component, HDMI, and files to all be analysed, in resolutions up to 8k. Versions for both Microsoft Windows and Apple Mac OS X are available. There are other manufacturers of similar and different solutions available which are also approved on the DPP Devices list.

Photosensitive epilepsy
Photosensitive epilepsy affects approximately one in 4,000 people and is a form of epilepsy in which seizures are triggered by visual stimuli that form patterns in time or space, such as flashing lights, bold regular patterns, or regular moving patterns.  In 1993, an advert for Pot Noodles induced seizures in three people in the United Kingdom, leading to the then regulator the ITC introducing these guidelines.

The Broadcast Code of Advertising Practice requires that TV ads are tested and pass the 'flash test'. Clearcast, the company responsible for clearing ads for UK commercial broadcasters, is flash testing all ads before clearance.

Testing procedures
The algorithms behind PSE testing look at video frames from second to second and analyse for potentially provocative image sequences. Luminance flashes, Red flashes and spatial patterns over prescribed amplitude and frequency limits are then logged. Any such over limit violations give rise to the media being failed. Otherwise the media is passed fit for broadcast and a pass certificate can be automatically generated.

The first PSE test was developed by Cambridge Research Systems Ltd. and are based on research by Professor Graham Harding. All Harding FPA products implement the same guidelines. There are also other approved manufacturers' products which either use the same algorithm in different packages or have independently developed software and algorithms that broadly provide PSE checks to the same specifications.

The PSE testing is currently used by all television stations in the UK to check for compliance with the guidelines. If a programme fails, it usually means re-editing the offending scenes. Normally the problem can be rectified by reducing the number of flashes in the scene and/or reducing the intensity of colours (most notably saturated red). After re-editing the problem areas, the entire programme has to be re-tested in order to obtain a PSE test certificate.

In 2010, HardingTest.com was launched to provide users with a way of testing video remotely, without the need to have an in-house Harding FPA machine. This provided a much-needed service for freelance editors and production companies who previously had to export their movie to video tape to send to a larger post-production facility for testing, all of which increased time and expense. This service means users can upload a digital video file and have it tested and results returned within minutes rather than hours.

References

Epilepsy types
Medical software


The Danfoss MBS 32 and MBS 33 standard pressure transmitters are designed for use in almost all industrial applications, and offers a reliable pressure measurement, even under harsh environmental conditions.
The flexible pressure transmitter programme covers different output signals, absolute and gauge (relative) versions, measuring ranges from 0-1 to 0-600 bar and a wide range of pressure and electrical connections. Excellent vibration stability, robust construction, and a high degree of EMC/EMI protection equip the pressure transmitter to meet the most stringent industrial requirements.
MBS 32: 0 – 5 V, 1 – 5 V, 1 – 6 V or 0 – 10 V d.c.


Social epidemiology is the study of how the social world influences -- and in many cases defines -- the fundamental determinants of health. This link was substantiated in the first edition of Social Epidemiology, and the generation of research that followed has fundamentally changed the way we understand epidemiology and public health.
The result is a bold, brilliant text that will serve the new world of epidemiology in which scientists both observe health and design interventions to improve it. Social Epidemiology again sets an intellectual agenda and provides an essential foundation for those interested in social determinants of health around the world.
Lisa F. Berkman, PhD, is the Thomas D. Cabot Professor of Public Policy, Epidemiology, and Global Health and Population at the Harvard School of Public Health. She is the Director of the Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies.
Ichiro Kawachi, MD, PhD, is Professor of Social Epidemiology and Chair of the Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences at the Harvard School of Public Health, where he has taught for over 20 years.
M. Maria Glymour, ScD, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics at the University of California, San Francisco, where she directs the PhD program in Epidemiology and Translational Sciences.


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HDBaseT is a connectivity standard for whole-home and commercial distribution of uncompressed ultra-high-definition multimedia content. The cornerstone of HDBaseT technology is 5Play, a feature set that converges uncompressed ultra-HD digital video and audio, 100BaseT Ethernet, USB 2.0, up to 100W of power over cable, and various control signals through a single LAN cable for up to 100 meters/328 feet. The latest specification of HDBaseT also enables the transmission of audio & video, Ethernet, USB and controls over fiber optic, for even longer distances.
HDBaseT delivers ultra-HD/3D and 2K/4K uncompressed video to a network of devices or to a single device (both point-to-point and multipoint-to-multipoint). Since the video is passed through the HDMI chipset, HDBaseT is compatible with all HDMI formats, and supports all key features, including EPG, CEC, EDID, and HDCP. The unique video-coding scheme ensures the highest video quality at zero latency.
In addition, HDBaseT audio is also passed through directly from the HDMI chipset. HDBaseT audio supports all standard formats, including Dolby Digital, DTS, Dolby TrueHD, and DTS HD-Master Audio.
HDBaseT supports 100Mb Ethernet, enabling communication between televisions, sound systems, computers, and other CE devices as well as access to any stored multimedia content (such as music or video streaming). HDBaseT also supports Ethernet Fallback Mode, which enables seamless integration between an HDBaseT device and an Ethernet-only infrastructure. In such a case, only the Ethernet capabilities of the connection are enabled.
HDBaseT enables multiple control signals for multiple purposes: Consumer Electronic Controls (CEC), Recommended Standard (RS)-232, and infrared (IR). IP control is also enabled due to the support of an Ethernet channel. HDBaseT's wide range of control options provides manufacturers with virtually endless opportunities.
HDBaseT supports native USB 2.0, and can be configurable either as USB Host or Device. USB expands the functionality supported by HDBaseT to include KVM switches (keyboard-video-mouse), touch-screen functionality, industrial PCs and USB extensions.
Up to 100W of DC power can also be delivered over the same CAT6a cable. This major aspect of 5Play provides the freedom to place equipment where you want it and not where an available power source happens to be installed.
HDBaseT uses an asymmetric method, sending video, audio, Ethernet and controls from source to sink, but only 100Mb are transferred back (Ethernet and controls). Unlike conventional data communication which is a symmetrical application by nature, with required a bit error rate (BER) of at least 10 to the minus 12, the asymmetric nature of HDBaseT is based on an innovative DSP engine and an AFE (Application Front End) architecture.
A special line coding scheme was developed to provide a better transfer quality to some kinds of data (audio, controls, Ethernet) without the need to pay the protecting overhead for the video content which consumes most of the bandwidth.
HDBaseT uses a proprietary version of Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) technology, where digital data is represented as a coding scheme using different levels of DC voltage at high rates. This enables the 5Play feature-set to be maintained over a single 100 m CAT cable, without the electrical characteristics of the wire affecting performance. Although HDBaseT uses the same coding technology as Ethernet and even has an Ethernet channel, its packet-based technology is different from the traditional Ethernet packets. HDBaseT simply relies on the same physical cabling which provides the inherent benefits of the cost-effective CAT infrastructure.
HDBaseT 2.0 is the latest specification released by HDBaseT Alliance in August 2013. The new specification introduces HDBaseT HomePlay feature set that, based on the HDBaseT 5Play capabilities, will make it simpler and more cost-effective for consumers to turn their entire homes into multimedia entertainment centers. HomePlay features an elegant, affordable plug-and-play solution that will allow the average consumer to enjoy the same multimedia benefits of HDBaseT that the professionals have become accustomed to.
HDBaseT HomePlay defines the adaptations across all seven layers of the Generic communication OSI 7 model to allow the support of time-sensitive, high throughput video/audio and other time sensitive applications.
While HDBaseT 1.0 addresses the Physical and Data Link layers only, HDBaseT 2.0 adds networking, switching and control point capabilities. HDBaseT 1.0 defined a point-to-point connectivity standard, HDBaseT 2.0 defines point-to-multi point connectivity, thereby providing multi-stream support.
Spec 2.0 also adds inherent support for USB 2.0, and other native interfaces which enable manufacturers to remove multiple interfaces and conversion components required for HDBaseT 1.0 products. The result is a smaller and a simpler-to- implement switch.
HDBaseT 1.0 was defined to support the transmission of "video, audio, Ethernet, power and controls, what we refer to as the "5Play" feature set. Spec 2.0 establishes a specification that will allow HDBaseT HomePlay switches to control and distribute multimedia throughout consumers homes.
Works exactly as expected; Quality material; Great service w ..


This magnificent acrylic award features a grooved swoosh design that frames a personalization area. The black plastic weighted base offers a refined yet sturdy foundation to this noble award. Polished acrylic offers value in an artful award design.


text:
Dannon Admits Their Yogurt Isn't So Great
You could get up to $100 for the yogurt you've already eaten.
By Hasani Gittens	• Published at 4:34 pm on September 18, 2009
Getty Images/Dorling Kindersley
Talk about a culture of deceit.
The Dannon Co. will reimburse consumers for up to $100 of Activia and DanActive yogurt purchases and change its marketing and labeling to settle a class-action lawsuit, they announced Friday. As part of the settlement Dannon will set up a fund of up to $35 million to reimburse qualified consumers for purchases.
The lawsuit, filed in 2008, alleges Dannon overstated the yogurt's health benefits. The company claims the products can strengthen the body's defenses or regulate digestion because of bacteria they contain.
White Plains, N.Y.-based Dannon denies any wrongdoing and said it settled the suit to avoid any further litigation and expense.
The settlement still needs to be approved by the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio.
Customers who purchased Activia or DanActive yogurt since they were introduced in 2006 and 2007, respectively, will be able to file for reimbursement.
Dannon will also change labeling and marketing to "increase the visibility of the scientific names of the unique strains of probiotics that are in each of these products," Dannon said in a statement.
Once the settlement is approved, consumers will evntually be able to find out more about the process for filing for reimbursement and other information at www.DannonSettlement.com.
Meanwhile, Dannon's Light & Fit brand wasn't part of the lawsuit, but this is still our favorite yogurt commercials of all time: