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US10149304B2 - Optimizing network resources in a telecommunications system - Google Patents
Optimizing network resources in a telecommunications system Download PDF
remote unit
remote units
Luigi Tarlazzi
Maurice D'Souza
CommScope Technologies LLC
2014-12-23 Application filed by CommScope Technologies LLC filed Critical CommScope Technologies LLC
H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
H04W72/00—Local resource management, e.g. wireless traffic scheduling or selection or allocation of wireless resources
H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
H04W72/08—Wireless resource allocation where an allocation plan is defined based on quality criteria
H04W72/082—Wireless resource allocation where an allocation plan is defined based on quality criteria using the level of interference
H04B—TRANSMISSION
H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
H04B17/0082—Monitoring; Testing using service channels; using auxiliary channels
H04B17/0085—Monitoring; Testing using service channels; using auxiliary channels using test signal generators
H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
H04B17/12—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
H04W72/085—Wireless resource allocation where an allocation plan is defined based on quality criteria using measured or perceived quality
H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
H04B17/345—Interference values
H04B17/373—Predicting channel quality parameters
H04W84/00—Network topologies
H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
H04W88/08—Access point devices
H04W88/085—Access point devices with remote components
Certain features relate to optimizing network resources in a distributed antenna system to minimize signal interference between remote units in the distributed antenna system. A remote unit is configured to measure an isolation level with another remote unit. Based on the measured isolation level, a self-optimizing network entity can instruct base transceiver stations to partition network resources such that remote units with isolation levels lower than an isolation threshold value radiate signals using different network resources. Remote units that have isolation levels higher than an isolation threshold value can radiate signals using the same network resources. By repeating the process across multiple remote units across multiple cell-sites, signal interference between adjacent remote units in the distributed antenna system can be minimized.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a U.S. National Stage application of PCT Application Serial No. PCT/US2014/072207, filed Dec. 23, 2014 and titled "Optimizing Network Resources in a Telecommunications System," which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/942,834, filed Feb. 21, 2014 and titled "Frequency Planning in a Distributed Antenna System," the contents of all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
A telecommunications system, such as a distributed antenna system ("DAS"), can include one or more head-end units and multiple remote units coupled to each head-end unit. A DAS can be used to extend wireless coverage in an area. Head-end units can be coupled to one or more base transceiver stations that can each manage wireless communications for different cell sites. A head-end unit can receive downlink signals from the base transceiver station and distribute downlink signals in analog or digital form to one or more remote units. The remote units can transmit the downlink signals to user equipment devices within coverage areas serviced by the remote units. In the uplink direction, signals from user equipment devices may be received by the remote units. The remote units can transmit the uplink signals received from user equipment devices to the head-end unit. The head-end unit can transmit uplink signals to the serving base transceiver stations.
Adjacent remote units transmitting signals of different base transceiver stations/cells using the same network resources (e.g., transmitting at the same frequencies) can result in signal interference in the DAS.
In one aspect, a method is provided. The method can include generating a test signal in a downlink band. The method can also include radiating the test signal by a first remote unit in a distributed antenna system. The method can also include receiving the signal by a second remote unit in the distributed antenna system. The method can further include determining an isolation level based on the test signal. The method can also include determining a network resource allocation plan for the first remote unit and the second remote unit based on the isolation level. The network resource allocation plan includes allocating network resources among the first remote unit and the second remote unit.
In another aspect, a non-transitory computer readable medium with program code recorded thereon is provided. The program code can include code for defining an isolation threshold indicating a minimum isolation level between a first remote unit of a distributed antenna system and a second remote unit of the distributed antenna system. The program code can also include code for determining a network resource allocation plan for the first remote unit and the second remote unit based on the isolation threshold and an isolation level provided by the first remote unit. The network resource allocation plan includes an allocation of network resources among the first remote unit and the second remote unit.
In another aspect, a distributed antenna system is provided. The distributed antenna system can include a head-end unit. The distributed antenna system can also include a first remote unit configured to measure a power level of a test signal received from a second remote unit and determine an isolation level based on the power level. The first remote unit and the second remote unit are communicatively coupled to the head-end unit.
The distributed antenna system can also include a self-optimizing network entity communicatively coupled to the head-end unit. The self-optimizing network entity determines a network resource allocation plan for the first remote unit and the second remote unit based on the isolation level. The network resource allocation plan includes an allocation of network resources between the first remote unit and the second remote unit.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example of a distributed antenna system ("DAS") configured to optimize network resources according to one aspect of the present disclosure.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example of a self-optimizing network ("SON") entity according to one aspect of the present disclosure.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an example of a process for optimizing network resources in a DAS according to one aspect of the present disclosure.
FIG. 4 is a table that can store power isolation measurements between remote units according to one aspect of the present disclosure.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an example of a network resource allocation plan for the remote units of FIG. 1 according to one aspect of the present disclosure.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another example of a network resource allocation plan for the remote units of FIG. 1 according to one aspect of the present disclosure.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another example of a network resource allocation plan for the remote units of FIG. 1, where remote units radiate copies of cells in a simulcast mode.
Certain aspects and features relate to optimizing the use of network resources in a telecommunications system to minimize signal interference between two or more components within the system. For example, a pair of remote units in a distributed antenna system ("DAS") can measure signal isolation levels that can indicate the amount of signal interference between the remote units at a given frequency. A self-optimizing network ("SON") entity within the DAS can use the measured isolation levels to determine whether the two remote units should be set to radiate signals using the same network resources or different network resources. By repeating the analysis among multiple remote units in the DAS, the SON entity can optimize the available network resources to achieve desired performance characteristics, such as lower inter-cell interference within the DAS.
Optimizing available network resources in the DAS can improve the overall performance of the DAS. For example, certain wireless service areas, such as wireless service areas in rural regions, may have a substantial portion of user equipment devices located at the edges of the cell sites. Optimizing available network resources by limiting signal interference among remote units at the edges of cell sites can improve the overall reliability of network connection and reduce network latency for the user equipment devices. Network resources can be optimized in this manner for any network that uses frequency re-use technologies, such as LTE.
Optimizing the network resources in the DAS can also improve the spectral efficiency within each cell. For example, a telecommunications system can have limited bandwidth available for transmission of information between different components of the system. By efficiently re-using network resources among remote units that have high signal isolation levels, more information can be transmitted through the system, which can result in faster connections and higher data rates for user equipment devices.
These illustrative examples are given to introduce the reader to the general subject matter discussed here and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosed concepts. The following sections describe various additional aspects and examples with reference to the drawings in which like numerals indicate like elements, and directional descriptions are used to describe the illustrative examples but, like the illustrative examples, should not be used to limit the present disclosure.
FIG. 1 shows an example of a DAS 100 that can optimize frequency use in the network according to aspects and features of the subject matter described herein. The DAS 100 can include a SON entity 104 communicatively coupled to a head-end unit 102. The head-end unit 102 can include a testing module/sub-system 112. The head-end unit 102 and SON entity 104 can communicate with base transceiver stations 108 a-d. Each of the base transceiver stations 108 a-d can be responsible for managing cellular communications for remote units of different cell sites. For example, remote units 106 a-d (labeled as "RU" in FIG. 1) can be part of a first cell site and associated with base transceiver station 108 a, remote units 106 e-h can be part of a second cell site and associated with base transceiver station 108 b, remote units 106 i-l can be part of a third cell site and associated with base transceiver station 108 c, and remote units 106 m-p can be part of a fourth cell site and associated with base transceiver station 108 d. Each remote unit 106 a-p can provide wireless coverage within the corresponding cell site by providing wireless communication information to mobile users within the cell site.
The head-end unit 102 can receive downlink signals pertaining to wireless communication information from the base transceiver stations 108 a-d and transmit uplink signals to the base transceiver stations 108 a-d. Any suitable communication link can be used for communication between base transceiver stations 108 a-d and the head-end unit 102. Examples of a suitable communication link include a wired link, a wireless link, a direct link, and an indirect link. A direct link can include, for example, a connection via a copper, optical fiber, or other suitable communication medium. In some aspects, the head-end unit 102 can include an external repeater or internal RF transceiver to communicate with the base transceiver stations 108 a-d. In some aspects, the head-end unit 102 can combine downlink signals received from two or more base transceiver stations 108 a-d. The head-end unit 102 can transmit the combined downlink signals to one or more of the remote units 106 a-p.
In some aspects, the SON entity 104 and the head-end unit 102 can communicate with the base transceiver stations 108 a-d via a shared Network Management System ("NMS") (not shown). The NMS can communicate to and manage aspects of the head-end unit 102 and the base transceiver stations 108 a-d.
Each of the remote units 106 a-p can measure the amount of over-the-air isolation with respect to one or more other remote units in the DAS 100. The testing module/sub-system 112 in the head-end unit 102 can also measure the amount of isolation between remote units 106 a-p. The amount of isolation between a pair of the remote units 106 a-p can indicate the amount of signal interference caused by the proximity of the remote units. A high isolation measurement can indicate low signal interference and a low isolation measurement can indicate higher signal interference. Isolation level 110 a represents the amount of isolation between remote unit 106 a and remote unit 106 b, isolation level 110 b represents the amount of isolation between remote unit 106 a and remote unit 106 c, and isolation level 110 c represents the amount of isolation between remote unit 106 a and remote unit 106 d.
In addition to measuring RF power isolation, a propagation delay measurement can also be made to indicate the distance between at least two remote units. A specific test signal can be generated by one of the remote units 106 a-p or by the testing module/sub-system 112. The test signal can have sufficient auto-correlation properties suitable to measure a time delay of signal propagation from at least a first remote unit to a second remote unit. The test signal can be used by a second remote unit or by the testing module/sub-system 112 to measure the propagation delay between at least two remote units. While the testing module/sub-system 112 is shown in the head-end unit 102 for illustrative purposes, in other aspects, each remote unit 106 a-p can include a testing module/sub-system that functions similar to the testing module/sub-system 112 included in head-end unit 102. For example, the test signal can be generated by a testing module/sub-system included in remote units 106 a-p. Remote units receiving the test signal can receive the test signal via testing module/sub-systems included in the receiving remote units.
The SON entity 104 can optimize frequency use in the DAS 100 by allocating network resources to the remote units 106 a-p based on the measured isolation levels between remote units or based on the propagation delay measurements. Alternatively, the measured isolation levels and the propagation delay measurements can be used in conjunction by the SON entity 104 to apply a network allocation scheme for the remote units 106 a-p. A network resource can refer to any component or signal used to carry information through the telecommunications system. One example of a network resource is a physical resource block in an LTE environment. Another example of a network resource is an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing symbol. Network resources can also include the assignments of specific antenna ports of base transceiver stations 108 a-d (e.g., assignments of the signal radiated from a given antenna port of a MIMO base transceiver station). Other network resources can also be used, such as in non-LTE or multiple carrier systems, such as multiple carriers associated to multiple sectors operating on the same frequency.
The SON entity 104 can partition network resources among the remote units 106 a-p by sending a network resource allocation plan either to the head-end unit 102 or the base transceiver stations 108 a-d. Any suitable communication link (e.g. Ethernet link) can be used for communicating between the SON entity 104 and the head-end unit 102 and between the SON entity 104 and the base transceiver stations 108 a-d. As mentioned above, the head-end unit 102 and SON entity 104 can also communicate via a common NMS. While FIG. 1 shows SON entity 104 as a separate device from the head-end unit 102 for illustrative purposes, the SON entity 104 can also be included within the head-end unit 102 in some aspects.
Any suitable computing system or group of computing systems can be used to implement the SON entity 104. For example, FIG. 2 is a block diagram depicting an example of the SON entity 104 in DAS 100. The SON entity 104 can include a processing module 202 that is coupled to a memory 208 and that executes computer-executable program code and/or accesses information stored in the memory 208. The processing module 202 may comprise a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit ("ASIC"), a field-programmable gate array ("FPGA"), or other suitable processor. The processing module 202 may include one processor or any number of processors. The processing module 202 can include or may be in communication with a computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processing module 202, cause the processing module 202 to perform the operations described herein.
The memory 208 can include any suitable computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium can include any electronic, optical, magnetic, or other storage device capable of providing a processor with computer-readable instructions or other program code. Non-limiting examples of a computer-readable medium include a magnetic disk, memory chip, ROM, RAM, an ASIC, a configured processor, optical storage, magnetic tape or other magnetic storage, or any other medium from which a computer processor can read instructions. The instructions may include processor-specific instructions generated by a compiler and/or an interpreter from code written in any suitable computer-programming language, including, for example, C, C++, C#, Visual Basic, Java, Python, Perl, JavaScript, and ActionScript.
The SON entity 104 can also include a communications interface 204 for communicating with the head-end unit 102. The communications interface 204 can include any suitable hardware for connecting to head-end unit 102 via a wired or wireless link. For example, communications interface 204 can include communication ports for optical fiber, Ethernet, or other suitable wired communication mediums. The communications interface 204 can also include an RF transceiver to communicate with the head-end unit 102 wirelessly. In one aspect, the communications interface 204 can include an application programming interface ("API") for interfacing with a processor in the head-end unit 102. Signals received from the head-end unit 102 can be provided to a processing module 202 via the communications interface 204. For example, isolation levels 110 a-c sent to the head-end unit 102 can be provided to the processing module 202 via the communications interface 204.
The SON entity 104 can also include a base transceiver station interface 206 (labeled as "BTS interface" in FIG. 2) for communicating with the base transceiver stations 108 a-d. Similar to the communications interface 204, the base transceiver station interface 206 can include any suitable hardware for connecting to base transceiver stations 108 a-d through wired or wireless links. The base transceiver station interface 206 can also include a separate API for communicating with schedulers in base transceiver stations 108 a-d. The base transceiver station interface 206 can also combine signals received from the base transceiver stations 108 a-d and provide the combined signals to the processing module 202. In another aspect, the base transceiver station interface 206 can provide separate signals from each base transceiver station 108 a-d to the processing module 202.
The SON entity 104 can communicate with remote units 106 a-p via the head-end unit 102. The SON entity 104 can also be coupled to the testing module/sub-system 112 in the head-end unit 102. The testing module/sub-system 112 can communicate information regarding isolation level measurements among remote units and propagation delay measurements between remote units to the SON entity 104.
Isolation levels determined by the remote units 106 a-p or the testing module/subsystem at the DAS head-end unit 102 can be provided to the SON entity 104 via the communications interface 204. Program code executed by processing module 202 can allow the SON entity 104 to determine a network resource allocation plan for the DAS 100 based on the signal isolation levels provided from remote units 106 a-p.
FIG. 3 depicts a flowchart of a process for determining a network resource allocation plan according to one aspect of the present disclosure. In block 302, a test signal can be generated in a downlink band. For example, SON entity 104 can instruct, via a head-end unit 102, remote unit 106 b to generate a radio frequency test tone on a specific downlink frequency of interest. In another aspect, the testing module/sub-system 112 can generate a test signal. As isolation levels between remote units can vary depending on the frequency of the signals the remote units are transmitting and receiving, the SON entity 104 can instruct remote unit 106 b or a testing module/sub-system to generate multiple test tones on a range of frequencies in a frequency band.
The test signal can be a continuous wave ("CW") tone at a given frequency, multiple CW tones at different frequencies, one or multiple modulated/complex wideband signal of a particular radio standard (e.g. LTE). In case of CW tones the measurement receiver can simply measure the RMS (root mean square) power at each frequency. In case of modulated/complex test signals, the receiver can also demodulate the signals, including the pilot/control/synchronization tones according the specific radio standard, and measure the frequency selectivity of a wideband channel.
The SON entity 104 can use these wideband channel measurements to derive frequency-selective isolation information for allocating the resources with a higher frequency resolution.
In block 304, the test signal can be radiated. In one aspect, if remote unit 106 b generated the test signal, then the same remote unit 106 b can radiate the test signal to neighboring remote units. In another aspect, if the testing module/sub-system 112 generated the test signal, the testing module/sub-system 112 can provide the test signal to one or more remote units 106 a-p, which can then radiate the test signal to neighboring remote units. The test signal can also be radiated by multiple remote units 106 a-p simultaneously and received by multiple neighboring remote units.
In block 306 a remote unit can receive the test signal. For example, remote unit 106 a can receive the test signal generated by the remote unit 106 b or by the testing module/sub-system 112. The SON entity 104 can instruct the remote unit 106 a that it will be receiving an incoming test signal. Alternatively, remote unit 106 a can be designed to detect incoming test signals without any instruction from SON entity 104. For example, the test signal generated by remote unit 106 b or the testing module/sub-system 112 can include control information that can inform remote unit 106 a it is the intended recipient of the transmission and that the transmission includes a test signal for frequency planning. As such the test signal can be equivalent to a complex downlink signal of a base transceiver station and the receiving remote unit 106 a can operate as a test mobile terminal decoding only the information intended for it. Remote unit 106 a can receive multiple test signals of varying frequencies in a frequency band in order to determine isolation levels for each frequency of interest.
In block 308, an isolation level is determined based on the test signal. The isolation level can be determined in various ways. For example, the remote unit that received the test signal can determine the isolation level by measuring the power level of the test signal. In another aspect, the test signal can be provided to the testing module/sub-system 112, which can also measure the test signal power level to determine the isolation level. As the measured power level indicates the signal strength of the transmission, the measured power level can correspond to the isolation level in decibels. A test signal with a high power level can indicate a high isolation level, whereas a test signal with a low power level can indicate a low isolation level. The power level of the test signal can be measured via a dedicated power meter device in the remote unit that can determine the test signal power in a wide frequency range. The power level can also be measured using a spectrum analyzer or vector signal analyzer.
For example, remote units 106 b-d can determine isolation levels 110 a-c using the remote unit 106 a. Remote unit 106 a can generate a test signal in a downlink band in a given frequency and transmit the test signal to remote units 106 b-d. The testing module/sub-system 112 can also generate a test signal in a downlink band, in a given frequency, provide the test signal to remote unit 106 a, which can radiate the test signal to remote units 106 b-d. Remote unit 106 b can determine the isolation level 110 a based on the measured power level of the test signal. Similarly, remote units 106 c-d can determine isolation levels 110 b-c, respectively, based on the measured power levels from of the test signal transmitted by remote unit 106 a. Remote units 106 b-d can transmit the measured isolation levels 110 a-c to the SON entity 104 via head-end unit 102.
In another aspect, the DAS 100 can include a dedicated power meter or other power measuring device external to the remote units 106 a-p. A dedicated power measuring device can measure the isolation levels of each remote unit pair as described above, allowing the individual remote units 106 a-p to provide wireless coverage without dedicating resources to determine isolation levels. In another aspect, a central testing module/sub-system at the head-end unit 102 can measure the isolation levels of each remote unit pair.
An isolation level can also be determined via a mobile terminal walk test. A mobile terminal can generate an uplink test signal to be received and measured by one or more remote units or the central testing module/sub-system. For each mobile terminal position, the remote units can receive different power levels that are associated with the same uplink signal. The difference between these measured power levels is also an indication of the isolation level between the remote units for each position of the test mobile terminal. The SON entity 104 can also use this information to determine a network resource allocation plan for the remote units.
In another aspect, an isolation level can be determined by the mobile terminal by measuring power levels of downlink test signals transmitted by nearby remote units. For example, each remote unit can transmit a respective downlink test signal, each downlink test signal on a slightly different frequency. A mobile terminal can receive the downlink test signals from different remote units for the current position of the mobile terminal. Because each downlink test signal can be transmitted at a slightly different frequency, the mobile terminal can distinguish the received downlink test signals. The mobile terminal can measure the power levels of each received downlink test signal and record the measured power levels in a memory device. The mobile terminal can provide the measured power levels along with the position information for the mobile terminal to the SON entity 104. The SON entity 104 can use the measured power levels as reported by different mobile terminals connected to the DAS to determine a network resource allocation plan.
In block 310, a network resource allocation plan is determined for the first remote unit and the second remote unit based on the isolation level. For example, the SON entity 104 can determine a network resource allocation plan for different pairs of remote units for different frequency bands. The SON entity 104 can receive the isolation level reports from the remote units 106 a-p and store the isolation level reports in a software-implemented database. For example, the SON entity 104 can store isolation level measurements in a two-dimensional software array in a non-volatile memory or random access memory. The two-dimensional software array can be visualized as a table. FIG. 4 shows an example of a table that contains power isolation measurements between remote units at a given frequency. The SON entity 104 can populate the two-dimensional array with the power isolation measurements performed by the DAS 100 for each pair of remote units 106 a-p at a given carrier frequency. The same table can be defined for each carrier frequency of interest. While a two-dimensional software array is described for illustrative purposes, the SON entity 104 can implement any suitable software data structure, including a hash table or other associative array.
The SON entity 104 can use the isolation level measurements among different remote units to determine the network resource allocation plan for each remote unit pair. In one aspect, the SON entity 104 can determine different network resource allocation plans based on whether an isolation level for a remote unit pair meets a minimum isolation threshold. A minimum amount of signal isolation between two remote units for a given frequency can be defined by the SON entity 104 as an isolation threshold. The SON entity 104 can determine the isolation threshold by analyzing the layout of remote units 106 a-p in the DAS 100 and comparing the various isolation levels calculated by each remote unit pair and stored in the isolation level table. The SON entity 104 can select an isolation level that falls at a certain percentile in the isolation table as the isolation threshold. For example, after comparing the isolation levels among the various remote units 106 a-p, the SON entity 104 can set the isolation threshold as the isolation level that falls in the 20th percentile in the isolation table. The SON entity 104 can be designed to select isolation thresholds at varying percentile ranges depending on the signal characteristics desired in the DAS 100.
The isolation threshold can also be pre-determined based on specific key performance indicators provided by a network management system. In other cases a statistical analysis on a large data set can be performed by the SON entity 104. The SON entity 104 can correlate isolation levels and network resource allocation plans with key performance indicators like data throughput and reported channel quality parameters, which can be sourced from the base transceiver stations using a communication interface.
If two remote units achieve an isolation level greater than the isolation threshold, then the high isolation level can signify that the remote units are spatially separated so as not to interfere with each other above an acceptable amount. A high isolation level can also indicate that the two remote units are separated through a physical barrier, such as a wall or a ceiling of a building. If two remote units have an isolation level lower than the isolation threshold, then the isolation level can signify signal interference between the remote units caused by close proximity.
When the isolation level between two remote units exceeds the isolation threshold, the network resource allocation plan determined by the SON entity 104 can include a default cell planning scheme for the remote units. By maintaining the default cell planning scheme, the SON entity does not adjust the resource allocation among the remote units and allows the base transceiver stations 108 a-d and head-end unit 102 to use a standard defined network resource allocation plan.
In another aspect, when the isolation level between two remote units exceeds the isolation threshold, the network resource allocation plan determined by the SON entity 104 can include a frequency re-use scheme. In a frequency re-use scheme, two remote units can radiate signals using the same network resources (e.g., instructing the two remote units to transmit on the same frequencies). Because a high isolation level was measured between the two remote units, the likelihood of signal interference is low. FIG. 5 shows an example of remote units 106 a-p in the DAS of FIG. 1 where the network resource allocation plan includes a frequency re-use scheme. As in FIG. 1, remote units 106 a-d can be associated with a first cell site, remote units 106 e-h can be associated with a second cell site, remote units 106 i-l can be associated with a third cell site, and remote units 106 m-p can be associated with a fourth cell site. Each adjacent remote unit pair among remote units 106 a-p can have isolation levels higher than an isolation threshold, thus allowing the SON entity 104 to allocate the same frequencies across remote units and cell sites. In this aspect, two remote units may receive different cell signals (e.g., from different base transceiver stations) using the same network resources.
If a minimum isolation threshold is not met between two remote units, the network resource allocation plan can include an allocation of different network resources to the remote units. FIG. 6 shows an example of the remote units 106 a-p of FIG. 1 where the isolation levels between the remote units in each cell do not meet the isolation threshold. In this example, the frequency available in the spectrum can be divided into four resource groups (shown as resource groups 1-4). Each resource group 1-4 can be associated with a given frequency or a frequency range. As remote units 106 a-b measure an isolation level lower than the isolation threshold, remote unit 106 a is allocated the network resources in resource group 4 and remote unit 106 b is allocated the network resources in resource group 3. Similarly, remote units 106 c-d, also associated with cell 1, are allocated resource groups 3 and 4, respectively. Thus, the network resource allocation plan in this example divides the network resources among each remote unit 106 a-d (associated with the first cell site).
Resource groups 1-4 can be re-used, however, among remote unit pairs that have isolation levels higher than the isolation threshold. For example, in FIG. 4, as remote unit 106 b is positioned between remote units 106 a, 106 e, remote units 106 a, 106 e can have a high isolation level. The network resource allocation plan can include an allocation of the network resources defined by group 4 to remote units 106 a, 106 e. Thus, remote units 106 a, 106 e share the same network resources. A similar planning scheme can be used for resource groups 1-3 and across each cell site, such that network resources are shared but no two adjacent remote units share the same network resources.
The network resource allocation plan can be implemented by sending instructions to either the base transceiver stations 108 a-d or head-end unit 102 to partition the available network resources to different remote units according to the network resource allocation plan. The network resources can be partitioned among remote units within the same cell or among remote units of different cells. Additionally, the SON entity 104, base transceiver stations 108 a-d, or the head-end unit 102 can instruct the remote units 106 a-p to radiate signals only on specific network resources in accordance with the network resource allocation plan.
For example, through an API, the SON entity 104 can instruct schedulers for each base transceiver station 108 a-d how to partition network resources among the different remote units 106 a-p across the different cells, as well as among remote units of a given cell. For example, the SON entity 104 may instruct the scheduler of each base transceiver station 108 a-d to use a subset of available network resources in a given cell or for a group of remote units. The scheduler and the related physical layer of each base transceiver station 108 a-d may then generate transmit signal frames with only the selected network resources active and the other network resources inactive. Through a separate API, the SON entity 104 can instruct the head-end unit 102 to route the generated transmit signal frames to remote units 106 a-p according to the network resource allocation plan. Alternatively, transmit signal frames may be generated by head-end unit 102. Similar to the instructions to the base transceiver stations 108 a-d sent by the SON entity 104, the SON entity 104 can instruct the head-end unit 102 to use a subset of available network resources for specific remote units in a given cell or groups of remote units across different cells.
In another aspect, the network resources being allocated can include assignments of specific antenna ports of the base transceiver stations 108 a-d. In this aspect, when the isolation level between two remote units exceeds the isolation threshold, the antenna ports among base transceiver stations 108 a-d can be assigned in a co-located MIMO configuration (e.g., each antenna port of base transceiver stations 108 a-d assigned to the same remote unit). Remote units receiving MIMO transmissions can have multiple co-located antenna ports for receiving the transmissions. When the isolation level between the two remote units is lower than the isolation threshold, the antenna ports among base transceiver stations 108 a-d can be assigned in an interleaved MIMO configuration (e.g., different antenna ports can be assigned to different remote units). In an interleaved MIMO configuration, the receiving remote units can have a single antenna port (Single-Input Single-Output remote units).
In another aspect, if a minimum isolation is not met between two remote units, the SON entity 104 can assign the two remote units to a single cell. Signals from the cell can be simulcast across the two remote units by configuring the remote units to radiate copies of the same signals from the cell. For example, FIG. 7 shows an example of remote units 106 a-p in the DAS of FIG. 1 where the network resource allocation plan includes cell simulcast schemes. The network environment shown in FIG. 7 depicts barriers 710 a-c that can isolate signals radiated by remote units 106 a-p. For example, signals radiated by remote units 106 a-d can be isolated from signals radiated by remote units 106 e-p. Similarly, signals radiated by remote units 106 e-h can be isolated from signals radiated by remote units 106 a-d and 106 i-p. Signals radiated by remote units 106 i-l can be isolated from signals radiated by remote units 106 a-h and remote units 106 m-p. And signals radiated by remote units 106 m-p can be isolated from signals radiated by remote units 106 a-l.
Minimum signal isolation may not, however, be present between remote units in a given area. For example, minimum isolation may not be met between remote 106 a-d. Similarly, minimum isolation may not be met between remote units 106 e-h. Minimum isolation also may not be met between remote units 106 i-l. Further, minimum isolation may not be met between remote units 106 m-p. In response, the SON entity 104 can assign a network resource allocation plan where remote units that do not meet the minimum isolation threshold are assigned to a single cell. For example, remote units 106 a-d can be assigned to internal cell 702, remote units 106 e-h can be assigned to internal cell 704, remote units 106 i-l can be assigned to internal cell 706, and remote units 106 m-p can be assigned to internal cell 708. Copies of signals from each cell can be radiated by the remote units assigned to the cell.
While the present subject matter has been described in detail with respect to specific aspects and features thereof, it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art, upon attaining an understanding of the foregoing may readily produce alterations to, variations of, and equivalents to such aspects and features. Accordingly, it should be understood that the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of example rather than limitation, and does not preclude inclusion of such modifications, variations and/or additions to the present subject matter as would be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
1. A method, comprising:
generating a test signal in a downlink band;
radiating, by a first remote unit in a distributed antenna system, the test signal;
receiving, by a second remote unit in the distributed antenna system, the test signal;
determining an isolation level based on the test signal; and
determining a network resource allocation plan for the first remote unit and the second remote unit based on the isolation level, the network resource allocation plan including an allocation of network resources among the first remote unit and the second remote unit.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the isolation level includes measuring a power level of the test signal.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
defining an isolation threshold indicating a minimum isolation level between the first remote unit and the second remote unit; and
determining whether the isolation level exceeds the isolation threshold.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the network resource allocation plan includes a default plan when the isolation level exceeds the isolation threshold.
5. The method of claim 3, further comprising implementing the network resource allocation plan by instructing the first remote unit and the second remote unit to receive respectively different signals using the same network resources when the isolation level exceeds the isolation threshold.
6. The method of claim 3, further comprising implementing the network resource allocation plan by instructing the first remote unit and the second remote unit to radiate signals using the same network resources when the isolation level exceeds the isolation threshold.
7. The method of claim 3, further comprising implementing the network resource allocation plan by instructing the first remote unit to radiate signals using a first subset of the network resources and configuring the second remote unit to radiate signals using a second subset of the network resources when the isolation level does not exceed the isolation threshold.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising: instructing a base transceiver station to partition the network resources among the first remote unit and the second remote unit according to the network resource allocation plan.
9. A non-transitory computer readable medium with program code recorded thereon, said program code comprising:
program code for defining an isolation threshold indicating a minimum isolation level between a first remote unit of a distributed antenna system and a second remote unit of the distributed antenna system; and
program code for determining a network resource allocation plan for the first remote unit and the second remote unit based on the isolation threshold and an isolation level provided by the first remote unit, the network resource allocation plan including an allocation of network resources among the first remote unit and the second remote unit.
10. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 9, wherein the network resource allocation plan includes a default plan when the isolation level exceeds the isolation threshold.
11. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 9, wherein the first remote unit and the second remote unit are configured to provide wireless communication information within a cell site.
12. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 11, wherein the network resource allocation plan includes an allocation of a first subset of network resources to the first remote unit and a second subset of network resources to the second remote unit when the isolation level does not exceed the isolation threshold.
13. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 9, wherein the network resource allocation plan includes an allocation of the same network resources among the first remote unit and the second remote unit when the isolation level exceeds the isolation threshold.
14. A distributed antenna system, comprising:
a head-end unit;
a first remote unit configured to measure a power level of a test signal received from a second remote unit and determine an isolation level based on the power level, the first remote unit and the second remote unit communicatively coupled to the head-end unit; and
a self-optimizing network entity communicatively coupled to the head-end unit, the self-optimizing network entity configured to determine a network resource allocation plan for the first remote unit and the second remote unit based on the isolation level, the network resource allocation plan including an allocation of network resources between the first remote unit and the second remote unit,
wherein the distributed antenna system is configured to transport wireless communication information between a base station and the first remote unit and the second remote unit, wherein the first remote unit is configured to provide the wireless communication information within a first cell site, and wherein the second remote unit is configured to provide the wireless communication information within a second cell site.
15. The distributed antenna system of claim 14, wherein the self-optimizing network entity is further configured to define an isolation threshold indicating a minimum isolation level between the first remote unit and the second remote unit and determine whether the isolation level exceeds the isolation threshold.
16. The distributed antenna system of claim 15, wherein the network resource allocation plan includes a default plan when the isolation level exceeds the isolation threshold.
17. The distributed antenna system of claim 15, wherein the first remote unit and the second remote unit are configured to receive copies of the same signal using the same network resources when the isolation level exceeds the isolation threshold.
18. The distributed antenna system of claim 15, wherein the first remote unit and the second remote unit are configured to radiate signals using the same network resources when the isolation level exceeds the isolation threshold.
19. The distributed antenna system of claim 15, wherein the first remote unit and the second remote unit are configured to radiate signals using different network resources when the isolation level does not exceed the isolation threshold.
20. The distributed antenna system of claim 15, wherein the first remote unit and the second remote unit are configured to radiate copies of a same signal when the isolation level does not exceed the isolation threshold.
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text:
Home News Costa de Almería Possible Council tax decrease for Mojacar
Possible Council tax decrease for Mojacar
The IBI land value tax Mojacar is too high, said the town's Mayor.
During a recent interview on Spectrum FM Radio Mayor Rosa Maria Cano said there is a good chance that taxes will go down next year if more property owners start paying their dues.
She explained that in a meeting with the sub-director of the land registry in Madrid she had been informed that Mojacar's tax could be lowered but that the land registry must first be updated.
Cano explained that a company contracted by the regional government, the Junta de Andalucia, has taken detailed aerial photos of all houses and other buildings in Mojacar as part of a campaign to update the land registry.
Cano said that the aerial photos are very precise and are being used to measure the size of buildings and verify them with the details on the land registry.
She said that some citizens are paying too much tax relative to the size of their property, others are paying too little and that many are simply not paying at all because they aren't registered.
The local police have been visiting homes where discrepancies have been found (700) and giving property owners official letters explaining the situation.
Cano pointed out that although the photos are very accurate, errors can occur and that people who have received letters should take them to the town hall office in Marina de la Torre in Mojacar Playa within ten days and make claims if necessary.
She said that about 200 people had already visited the office in response to receiving such letters.
In a recent EWN interview with Ric Polansky, Cano said that many foreigners have bought properties and not been paying taxes.
She said that they think they have 'escaped' but that the town hall will have no choice but to put embargoes on their bank accounts.
When asked in the Spectrum interview what will happen to holiday home owners who are not currently in Spain so don't receive their letters, Cano said that the situation has gone on long enough and people have had plenty of time to register their properties.
She repeated that it was very important to go to the town hall office and that the final deadline is March 20.
Property owners that don't present their paperwork before the deadline may face fines from the national tax office (Hacienda) as well as having to make back payments.
If in any doubt one should seek legal advice or speak to the town hall.
By Susan Leach
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The GMC Sierra 2500 and 3500 heavy-duty pickup trucks come with a 6.0L V8 engine standard, though a 6.6L turbo-diesel V8 is available. In 2500 crew cab models, a bi-fuel version of the 6.0L V8 is a no-cost option and operates on gasoline or compressed natural gas. All Sierras come with a heavy-duty 6-speed automatic transmission. The 2500 and 3500 can be had as either a regular or crew cab, with a standard or long bed, and with either a 2- or 4-wheel drivetrain. Dual rear wheels are available on some models. There are four trim levels: Work Truck, SLE, SLT and Denali.
The 6.0L V8 engine is capable of 360 horsepower and 380 pound-feet of torque (301 hp and 333 ft-lb when operating on compressed natural gas. Meanwhile, the 6.6L turbo-diesel engine puts out 397 horsepower and 765 pound-feet of torque. When properly equipped with the diesel engine and fifth-wheel tow package, the 3500HD is capable of towing more than 23,000 pounds.
Some standard features cross all Sierra trim lines, such as driver and passenger air bags, 4-wheel disc brakes with anti-lock brakes and tire pressure monitoring. GM's OnStar system is standard on the SLE trim and better. The system includes crash response, roadside assistance and remote door unlock services.
The Sierra Denali brings the Sierra HD pickup's towing/hauling capabilities in a luxury and style-oriented package. The model is available in both 2500 and 3500 trim and both 2-wheel and 4-wheel drive, but only as a crew cab. The Denali comes with heavy-duty trailering gear, an electronic shift-on-the-fly transfer case on 4-wheel drive models, special wheels, body-color panels and molding and chrome trim, fog lights, power, heated mirrors, a high-performance Bose audio system and leather power-adjustable seats.
Equipment availability is dependent on trim. Pretty much anything available in a pickup is available on a Sierra -- power everything, remote keyless entry, heated mirrors, privacy glass, bed liner, front tow hooks and chrome or aluminum wheels are all available across the lineup. Navigation is an option as is rear-seat entertainment for the crew cab models. Heated power seats are available, as is cruise control, sunroof and a rear window defogger.
The Sierra is mostly unchanged for 2014. Axle ratios have changed slightly on gas models, and the 6.0L bi-fuel engine is available in the 2500 crew cab. A spray-on bedliner is also available.
The Sierra range of pickups continues to be one of GM's biggest sellers. This means the automaker works hard to improve and innovate in truck design. As a result, the consumer wins -- whether hauling equipment to a job site, working a farm or towing a boat, the Sierra 2500 and 3500 are built for tough work, and are some of the best-designed trucks available from any manufacturer. Made in either short- or long-bed form, with two or four doors and with 2- or 4-wheel drive, optional dual rear wheels and with a choice of several impressively powerful engines, the Sierra can be set up do just about anything asked of it. The 2500, even simply configured, is capable of towing over 10,000 pounds, and base prices start around $31,000.
Get up-to-date information on the 2014 GMC Sierra 3500HD. Read in depth about this model's features, specs, performance, and much more. Let Bestride.com be your guide to finding your next car.


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This is a brand new home and is fully furnished. It has 4-zone ducted air-conditioning, unlimited NBN internet, spacious bedrooms including a queen sized bed with mirrored built-in robes, large kitchen + living areas, big bathroom including a bathtub (+ separate toilet), plenty of storage + pantry spaces. Please note that blinds for the windows will be installed in the upcoming weeks. We are looking for people who are respectful and treat the home like their own. We do not want this to be a party house. Unfortunately we cannot allow any pets. Please contact me to arrange a time to check the house out.
Fully furnished (including bed), spacious private bedroom + private bathroom, built-in wardrobe, direct access to large wraparound balcony from room, reading room, car space in underground car lot for you, communal pool, storage cage, 2min drive from local shops/cafes/restaurants, short walk to transport directly to Wynyard (and near rail link soon to be opened), extremely quiet and opposite tranquil bushland, AIR CON!


Keep your tea pot warm with our tea cosies. Part of our linen / cotton collection in herringbone weave. Linen is smooth, has a beautiful shine and gets softer when washed. Linen is a natural material and small irregularities in the weaving occur randomly due to the variable thickness of the threads. These are beauty marks that give the fabric life and character. Made in the European Union. Padded with polyester filling. Lining same as outer fabric.
DESIGN AND PRODUCTION: This product is designed by Anne Rosenberg / RosenbergCph. Herringbone 50% linen and 50% cotton. Made in the European Union.
CARE INSTRUCTIONS: Wash your linen/cotton product separately the first times as linen fibres may come off the product during the first 2 – 3 washing cycles. Check your washing machines lint filter before and after washing. Wash at low temperature, max 60 degrees C / 140 degrees F. Do not overfill washing machine. Do not use fabric softener or bleach. Line dry your linen. Shrinkage 7%.
ENVIRONMENT: Made in the European Union. The environmental impact of the linen (flax) production is generally considered to be lower than that of cotton and synthetic textiles as the production requires less water and energy, and emits less greenhouse gas.


Businessman and husband of newly appointed Congress general secretary Priyanka Gandhi Vadra, Robert Vadra is being interrogated by the Enforcement Directorate (ED) for the third time today (Saturday, Feb 9) after undergoing over 14 hours of questioning on Wednesday and Thursday.
Vadra, who claims he is being targeted for political reasons, arrived at the agency's office at Jamnagar House in Central Delhi around 10.45 am in his private vehicle. Priyanka Gandhi Vadra – who dropped him off at the ED office on Wednesday and on Thursday, came to pick him up – is expected to attend a meeting at the party office today.
The BJP, lending credence to politics behind his interrogation – though it was backed by the court – has sought to target the Congress and its president Rahul Gandhi, accusing the entire family of being neck-deep in corruption. Even at the time of last Lok Sabha election in 2014, the BJP had made it a major issue.
However, it is only now, at the fag end of the Modi government's term and barely a couple of months away from elections, that the investigative agency has started questioning him.
The Congress no longer wants to play defensively when it comes to Vadra. The party is accusing the Narendra Modi government of unleashing a political vendetta against the Gandhi family.
For her part, Priyanka has faced the issue in a forthright manner, replying simply that she stands by her family when quizzed by reporters.
The ED is questioning Vadra about properties worth around 12 million pounds in London that allegedly belong to him.
The agency questioned Vadra about these properties on Wednesday and Thursday but Vadra reportedly denied the allegations.
The last time Vadra was reportedly confronted with documents that the agency had obtained or seized as part of its probe in the case and also asked about the key persons involved in the case – the absconding controversial arms dealer Sanjay Bhandari and his relative, and two others.
On Thursday, the investigators questioned showed Vadra some e-mails allegedly between him and Sumit Chadha, the London-based relative of Sanjay Bhandari. In the mails, accessed by NDTV, Sumit Chadha purportedly asked for reimbursement for the renovations made at a mansion at 12 Bryanston Square in London.
Manoj, referred to in the e-mail, is reported to be Manoj Arora, a former employee of Skylight Hospitality, a firm linked to Vadra. The money-laundering case was initially filed against him.
Vadra is also expected to depose before the ED on February 12 in Jaipur in an another money-laundering case related to a land scam in Bikaner. The Rajasthan High Court has directed him to cooperate with the agency in the case. Vadra is accused of acquiring 275 bigha land in Rajasthan's Bikaner through his company, Sky Light Hospitality, allegedly in violation of the rules. The Enforcement Directorate registered a case in 2015 after the Rajasthan police filed a chargesheet alleging forgery in the allotment of the land.
The agency is also investigating the role of a steel firm that bought the land from Sky Light Hospitality at apparently a much higher price than the market rate. In this case, the agency has sent multiple summons to Vadra under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act.
The Rajasthan High Court has ordered Vadra and his mother Maureen to appear before the Enforcement Director on 12 February for questioning in the case. The court has restrained the agency from arresting Vadra.
Vadra, along with former Haryana Chief Minister BS Hooda, is also an accused in a suspect land deal involving real estate giant DLF in Gurgaon. An FIR filed against them claims that Sky Light Hospitality purchased 3.5 acres of land in Sector 83 of Gurgaon and sold it at a huge profit after obtaining a licence with Hooda's help to develop it commercially. In return for allegedly helping Vadra, Hooda is accused of allotting 350 acres of land to DLF in violation of the law.
Vadra and Hooda have been booked under the Prevention of Corruption Act as well as the Indian Penal Code sections related to cheating, criminal conspiracy, forgery.
In 2015, the Haryana government set up the Justice SN Dhingra Commission to investigate granting of licences for the development of Gurgaon's Sector 83. On January 10, the Punjab and Haryana High Court told the state government not to publish the report for now.


If you're looking for a place to stay near the San Jose airport in Costa Rica, Xandari Resort and Spa is the perfect location. Only 6 miles from the airport, but you still feel like you're a world away with gorgeous views of the city below surrounded by lush greenery.
This was our first time in Costa Rica and we were ready for some adventure and relaxation. We needed to coordinate clothes that were made for both activities, so we made sure to pack both leisure and athleisure styles.
Rancho Pacifico, an amazing eco luxury hotel in Uvita, is located in a canopy-covered mountain in a private jungle reserve with a stunning view of the famous Whale's Tail. It's a really intimate property with a total of ten villas and suites which accommodated a total occupancy of only twenty-four guests.


text:
What's Next For China-Israel Investments?
Shlomo Freund
FORBES - SEPTEMBER 22, 2016
The story that runs in Israel every few weeks now is "The Chinese are coming" — and it comes in a few different contexts.
The most prominent stories of the last few years were a few mega deals in the Israeli market of Chinese companies buying Israeli companies. One of the most famous ones happened in May 2014 when China's Bright Food Group bought the most popular dairy called Tnuva, a company that for many Israelis symbolizes the country itself.
There were a lot of debates if a national symbol such as Tnuva should really be sold to a foreign entity, especially a Chinese one. What people in Israel forgot is that the majority of Tnuva stocks was sold in 2008 to Apax Partners, which is a British fund active in Israel since 1984. Back then there wasn't such a fuss around the deal.
Another publicized deal was the selling of Phoenix insurance company to Fosun. This made headlines a few times as the deal was supposed to close by June 2015 but eventually was canceled in February 2016 as reported. This happened because of the objections of the Ministry of Finance over whether a foreign entity should hold Israeli pension funds.
Megadeals like these arise in headlines every one to two years.
Report: Russia, China, and USA in Central Asia: A ...
China looks to bolster its Middle East reach
Jewish and Chinese: Explaining a Shared Identity
The End of China Inc?
In China, Fears of 'Creeping Sharia' Proliferate O...
Need growing for China to take greater military ro...
China Is Supporting Syria's Regime. What Changed?
The China-Pakistan axis: Asia's new geopolitics
Joint Pakistan-China think tank launched
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, Civil-Military R...
Israel's Pivot to Asia
Şanghay Belediyesi Hükümet Bursları Başvuruları De...
A Song of the Red Sea: Communities and Networks of...
SYMPOSIUM :: The Case Against Female Clerics in Is...
An online symposium hosted by SHARIAsource, Islami...
SYMPOSIUM :: The Case for Female Clerics in Islami...
LANDSCAPE S OF SPIRITUALITY: THE TOPOGRAPHY OF IS...
Shariah With Chinese Characteristics
Meet China Event Strengthens Economic Ties Between...
China's interests in Afghanistan
The Rise of China-Afghanistan Security Relations
Saudi Arabia To Buy Chinese UAVs
China's proud 300-year history of female-led mosqu...
Tapping the potential of Gulf-China partnership
Conference: Building the 21st Century Maritime Sil...
Conference: Current Situation in Turkey and Sino-T...
Does Chinese Civilization Come From Ancient Egypt?
China, Turkey pledge to deepen counter-terrorism c...
China, Turkey seal nuclear partnership
How does Saudi Arabia Maintain its Share in Chines...
Geo-strategic significance of Saudi Arabia's growi...
China, Saudi Arabia ink cooperation deals
Saudi Arabia, China sign MoU to build 100,000 hous...
Saudi Arabia buys high-tech China drones


What:Shares of TrueCar Inc were down roughly 12% as of 1:30 p.m. Friday despite the company's earlier reporting better-than-expected fourth-quarter results and solid forward guidance.
So what:Quarterly revenue climbed 38% year over year to $55.5 million, which translated to adjusted net income of $300,000, or roughly break-even on a per-share basis. Meanwhile, adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization rose to $4.3 million, compared to a loss of $300,000 in the year-ago period. Analysts, on average, were expecting roughly the same sales to result in a $0.01 per share adjusted net loss.
For the current quarter, TrueCar expects revenue of approximately $59 million, with adjusted EBITDA of $3.5 million-$3.8 million. For the full year, it sees revenue of $280 million-$290 million, with adjusted EBITDA of $26.6 million-$29.0 million. Both revenue ranges came in slightly ahead of Wall Street's models.
Now what:As fellow Fool Daniel Miller pointed out, however, investors were likely spooked by the fact TrueCar suffered a sequential decline in both unique visitors and units sold in the fourth quarter -- something TrueCar management noted during the subsequent conference call was merely the result of regular seasonality. Based on a more appropriate year-over-year comparison, TrueCar is still growing both metrics at a healthy clip.
In any case, I agree with my Foolish colleague that TrueCar's drop Friday appears to be unmerited in light of its solid results. At the same time, I think this could be a perfect opportunity for patient, long-term investors to add to or start a new position.
The article Why TrueCar Inc Stock Broke Down Today originally appeared on Fool.com.


text:
Q: Where to add license information for local Qlik Core instance I have the docker qlik core image installed and running on my local machine. The trial period has expired and I have a license and control number. How do I enable qlik core with the license so that I can keep using it. I couldn't find anything that clearly explains it in the documentation. Any help and pointing in the right direction would be appreciated.

A: Just to mention that I haven't use license myself. I keep re-creating the image every 30 days (which is valid use)
The idea is that you are not using the license from within Core. You need to have a "companion" License service/container. Once you have this container up and running then you configure Core to connect to it
You can find more information the licensing on the official page core.qlik.com
The docker-compose.yml below is an example how to start both containers. The repo with the script is core-using-licenses
version: "3.0"

services:

  qix-engine:
    image: qlikcore/engine:12.429.0
    command: -S AcceptEULA=${ACCEPT_EULA} -S LicenseServiceUrl=http://licenses:9200 -S TrafficLogVerbosity=5 -S SystemLogVerbosity=5
    ports:
      - 19076:9076
      - 9090:9090
    labels:
      qix-engine: ""

  licenses:
    image: qlikcore/licenses:1.37.0
    environment:
      - LICENSES_SERIAL_NBR
      - LICENSES_CONTROL_NBR
      - LICENSES_LOG_LEVEL=debug
    ports:
      - 9200:9200

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Home In the News Native American Heritage Fund Distributes 2021 Grants
Native American Heritage Fund Distributes 2021 Grants
The Native American Heritage Fund (NAHF) Board awarded over $480,000 in grants during the virtual 2021 NAHF Check Distribution on Friday, July 16. The NAHF continues to be a unique funding initiative that supports and promotes positive relationships and accurate information about the history and role of Michigan's Indian tribes and Native Americans in the state.
"The NAHF Board of Directors is proud to announce that 11 different entities received funding from the Native American Heritage Fund," said NAHF Chairperson Jamie Stuck, who also serves as the Nottawaseppi Huron Band of the Potawatomi Tribal Council Chairperson. "This year, 17 different organizations applied for funding through the NAHF. We are honored that so many organizations want to enact change and improve relationships between Natives and non-Natives in our home state of Michigan."
The 2021 NAHF grants include:
East Jordan Public Schools – $17,500 to develop curricula on Indigenous/Anishinaabek culture, history and language in participating Title VI schools in northern Michigan.
Kalamazoo Regional Educational Services Agency (Kalamazoo RESA) – $16,800 to expand the Kalamazoo County Native American Family MeetUps program to include families of children 3rd-12th grade.
Lansing School District: Vivian Riddle Elementary School – $47,712 to rebrand the current mascot from a bear wearing a Native American headdress to "Rhinos."
Michigan College Access Network (MCAN)/Saginaw Chippewa Tribal College – $60,000 to increase college completion of students at tribal colleges by placing college completion coaches at Saginaw Chippewa Tribal College, Keweenaw Bay Ojibwa Community College and Bay Mills Community College for the next three years.
Michigan Technological University – $19,056 to develop experiential, place-based local literacy modules that engage educators and communities to know about tribal culture and history.
Northport Public Schools – $22,860 to install new signage on municipal land dedicated to Odawa/Ojibwa Native American history in Leelanau County.
Okemos Public Schools – $213,663.50 to rebrand the current mascot "Chiefs" to a new mascot that is culturally responsive.
Rochester Community Schools – $6,100 to educate staff and the community with a Pow Wow demonstration, and foster this learning continuously through book clubs and Twitter chats.
Saugatuck Public Schools – $43,022 to rebrand the current mascot from "Indians" to "Trailblazers."
Sault Area Public Schools – $26,000 to establish a language program and create signage in English and Ojibwe.
Traverse City Area Public Schools – $8,200 to create a new monthly educational series "Anishinaabe Expressive Cultural Series" to increase cultural knowledge and awareness.


Okay so I don't know if you are aware, but there has been a lot of talk recently about black women appearing on the covers of magazines. Now, although black women fronting mainstream magazine covers is not a frequent occurrence generally, it does happen every now and then. This recent buzz however is down to two things (1) The number of black women simultaneously appearing on mainstream magazine covers, and more importantly (2) The fact that these covers appear on the September/Fall issues of their respective magazines. Now I am by no means a fashionista, but apparently the September/Fall issue is popularly considered to be the most highly regarded issue of a year! This thereby crowning our very own (already Queen Bee) Beyonce with the title of first African American woman to grace the cover of the Fall issue of the almighty Vogue! Now ya see the big deal..., Yay? Nay?
So what do you think? For BlackCleopatra, as a blog dedicated to celebrating, promoting and empowering black women, this recent occurrence feels like a bit of a triumph! Yes! The mainstream are finally appreciating black women for what we ourselves have always known... how beautiful, talented and plain amazing we are.... I really want to think that despite the fact that we should not need to be appreciated by non-black people in order to feel confident and have self-love, it is still nice to see ourselves reflected positively and being celebrated and promoted within the wider society of which we form a part. So magazine editors... well done! I hope that this is a sign of more inclusion and diversity to come... because there are amazing black women a plenty that buy your magazines and would equally appreciate seeing more darker skinned women grace your covers and feature in your mags.
And to those who have lamented at the fact that perhaps the majority of these covers feature women that have features that would safely appeal to the European aesthetic (light skin, long straight hair - *cough ..weave*, fine features etc.), I would say.... small steps. Let's see what the future brings... but for now... yay from me!
For anyone who is interested, there is an interesting article on this in the UK's Guardian newspaper which can be viewed by clicking here.
They are all gorgeous! I would like to share this new fake ultrasound design from fakeababy. The funniest gift ever. Best fro gags.


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Hold no terrors for legal definition of hold no terrors for
https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hold+no+terrors+for
(redirected from hold no terrors for)
A disturbance of the peace by several persons, assembled and acting with a common intent in executing a lawful or unlawful enterprise in a violent and turbulent manner.
Riot, rout, and Unlawful Assembly are related offenses, yet they are separate and distinct. A rout differs from a riot in that the persons involved do not actually execute their purpose but merely move toward it. The degree of execution that converts a rout into a riot is often difficult to determine.
An unlawful assembly transpires when persons convene for a purpose that, if executed, would make them rioters, but who separate without performing any act in furtherance of their purpose. For example, when a restaurant owner refused to serve a certain four customers and barred them from entering the establishment, the four men remained in front of the doors of the restaurant and blocked the entrance to all other customers. Although a riot did not result from their actions, the men were arrested and convicted of unlawful assembly.
Inciting to riot is another distinct crime, the gist of which is that it instigates a breach of the peace, even though the parties might have initially assembled for an innocent purpose. It means using language, signs, or conduct to lead or cause others to engage in conduct that, if completed, becomes a riot.
Conspiracy to riot is also a separate offense. In one case, the leader of a small Marxist group took to the streets preaching revolution and organized resistance to lawful authority. Cursing the police, he spoke about how to fight and kill them and generally advocated violent means to gain political ends. The court ruled that a person who agrees with others to organize a future riot and who commits an Overt Act in conformity with the agreement is guilty, not of riot, but of conspiracy to riot.
In legal usage, the term mob is practically synonymous with riot or with riotous assembly. A federal court held that night riders were a mob and that their act of burning a building constituted the crime of riot.
Nature and Elements
Riot is an offense against the public peace and good order, rather than a violation of the rights of any particular person. It is not commonly applied to brief disturbances, even if malicious mischief and violence are involved in the commotion. For example, a lock company was picketed in a labor dispute. When the police attempted to escort some people through the picket line, a brief general commotion, some scuffling, and an exchange of blows took place. The police testified that the entire fracas lasted about "two or three minutes." The court held that the crime of riot does not apply to brief disturbances, even those involving violence, nor to disturbances that occur during the picketing accompanying a labor dispute.
The elements that comprise the offense are determined either by the Common Law or by the statute defining it. In some jurisdictions, the necessary elements are an unlawful assembly, the intent to provide mutual assistance against lawful authority, and acts of violence. Under some statutes, the elements are the use of force or violence, or threats to use force and violence, along with the immediate power of execution.
Other statutes provide that the essential elements are an assembly of persons for any unlawful purpose; the use of force or violence against persons or property; an attempt or threat to use force or violence or to do any unlawful act, coupled with the power of immediate execution; and a resulting disturbance of the peace.
The element of force or violence required under the common law means a defiance of lawful authority and the rights of other persons. Similarly the force or violence contemplated by the statutes is the united force of the participants acting in concert with the increased capacity to overcome resistance. The statutes further specify that the type of force and violence, not mere physical exertion, must threaten law-abiding nonparticipants.
Riotous Conduct
Riots can arise from any violent and turbulent activity of a group, such as bands of people creating an uproar and displaying weapons; wildly marching on a public street; violently disrupting a public meeting; threatening bystanders with displays of force; or forcibly destroying property along the way. In one case, striking orange pickers armed with clubs, metal cables, sticks, and other weapons rushed into an orange grove and assaulted nonstriking pickers. After the nonstrikers were driven out of the grove, the strikers overturned the boxes full of picked oranges and threw oranges and boxes at the nonstrikers. The court held this to be riotous conduct. When one city was wracked by racial disturbances, the court ruled that racial disorders constituted a general riot, or a series of riots, and that whether there was a single, identifiable group or a number of riotous groups was not significant when their one common purpose was to injure and destroy.
One of the most brutal riots in the United States was the Tulsa Race Riot. In May 1921, a white man from Tulsa, Oklahoma, was allegedly assaulted by an African American man. A white mob stormed the city's Greenwood neighborhood, a prosperous community that was predominantly African American, to find the alleged assailant. Over a two-day period, 35 city blocks in Greenwood were destroyed. Private homes, businesses, and even churches were burned down, and an estimated 300 people killed.
Number of Persons Necessary
The common law rule, and most of the statutes that define riot, require three or more persons to be involved. Some statutes fix the minimum number at two.
Purpose of Original Assembly
The jurisdictions differ on whether the original assembly must be an unlawful one. Some require premeditation by the rioters, but others prescribe that riots can arise from assemblies that were originally lawful or as a result of groups of persons who had inadvertently assembled.
A previous agreement or conspiracy to riot is not usually an element of a riot. A common intent, however, to engage in an act of violence, combined with a concert of action, is sometimes necessary. In one case, following a high school football game, a group of boys staged a "violent, brutal and indecent" assault on the color guard and band members of the visiting team. When the visitors attempted to leave, the attacks continued. On trial, the attackers claimed that the charge of riot did not apply to them because they had had no "common intent." The court held that "an intent is a mental state which can be inferred from conduct." They were found guilty of riot and the decision was affirmed on appeal.
When a riot arises from an unlawful act, such as an assault, terror need not be shown because in every riotous situation there are elements of force and violence that are by their very nature terrifying. When a riot arises from lawful conduct, terror must be shown. For example, if a group of neighbors decides to remove a Nuisance, such as a pile of malodorous garbage, which would be a lawful activity, but does so in a violent and tumultuous manner, terror would have to be shown before the conduct would constitute a riot. In 1999, the World Trade Organization (WTO) held a five-day meeting in Seattle, Washington. Some 45,000 protesters converged on the meeting, protesting the WTO's stand on everything from the environment to global business to Human Rights. What was supposed to be an organized mass movement quickly degenerated into a rampage through the city, in which buildings were vandalized, stores were looted, and police were attacked. Only one person need be alarmed to fulfill the terror requirement for a riot; in Seattle, the entire city was subjected to the terror.
Persons Liable
Principal rioters are those who are present and actively participate in the riot. All persons present who are not actually assisting in the suppression of the riot can be regarded as participants when their presence is intentional and tends to encourage the rioters.
In the absence of a statute, a Municipal Corporation, such as a city, town, or village, is not liable for injuries caused by mobs or riotous assemblages. Where statutes do impose liability, the particular statute determines the type of action one can institute against a city, town, or village.
There is never any justification for a riot. The only defense that can be claimed is that an element of the offense is absent. Participation is an essential element. Establishing that an individual's presence at the scene of a riot was accidental can remove any presumption of guilt.
Suppression of Riot
Private persons can, on their own authority, lawfully try to suppress a riot, and courts have ruled that they can arm themselves for such a purpose if they comply with appropriate statutory provisions concerning the possession of firearms or other weapons. Execution of this objective will be supported and justified by law. Generally every citizen capable of bearing arms must help to suppress a riot if called upon to do so by an authorized peace officer.
The state is primarily responsible for protecting lives and property from the unlawful violence of mobs. If the militia reports to civil authorities to help quash a riot, it has the same powers as civil officers and must render only such assistance as is required by civil authorities. During the WTO riot in Seattle, 600 state troopers and 200 members of the National Guard were called in to assist the overwhelmed Seattle police force.
In an emergency, and in the absence of constitutional restrictions, a governor can order the intervention of the militia to suppress a riot without complying with statutory formalities. When troops are ordered to quell a riot, they are not subject to local authorities but are in the service of the state.
Brophy, Alfred L. 2002. Reconstructing the Dreamland: The Tulsa Riot of 1921: Race, Reparations, and Reconcilation. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
Gale, Dennis E. 1996. Understanding Urban Unrest: From Reverend King to Rodney King. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage.
TERROR. That state of the mind which arises from the event or phenomenon that may serve as a prognostic of some catastrophe affright from apparent danger.
2. One of the constituents of the offence of riot is that the acts of the persons engaged in it should be to the terror of the people, as a show of arms, threatening speeches, or turbulent gestures; but it is not requisite, in order to constitute this crime, that personal violence should be committed. 3 Camp. R. 369; 1 Hawk. P. C. c. 65, s. 5; 4 C. & P. 373. S. C. 19 E. C. L. R. 425 4 C. & P. 538; S. C. 19 E. C. L. R. 616. Vide Rolle's R. 109; Dalt. Just. c. 186; 19 Vin. Ab. Riots, A 8.
3. To constitute a forcible entry, 1 Russ. Cr. 287, the act must be accompanied with circumstances of violence or terror; and in order to make the crime of robbery, there must be violence or putting in fear, but both these circumstances need not concur. 4 Binn. R. 379. Vide Riot; Robbery; Putting in fear.
Terror
affray
Ashcroft, John David
Barr, William Pelham
Bates, Daisy Lee Gatson
Courtroom Television Network
Damnification
Franklin D. Roosevelt: First Inaugural Address
From Segregation to Civil Rights
Immunization Programs
His honor
Hiss, Alger
Historic Buildings and Monuments Commission for England
hit a dog with car
Hit someone with a golf ball, liability?
HM Inspectorate of Court Administration HMICA
HMICA
Hoar, Ebenezer Rockwood
hobby loss
Hodge-podge act
hoding back paycheck not legal
Hoeres factus
Hoeres natus
Hoffa, James Riddle
Hoffman, Walter Edward
Hogshead
hold harmless
Hold Harmless Agreement
hold no terrors for
Hold Over
holder in due course
Holding over
holdover tenancy
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr.
Home ownership and SS benefits
home raided
Home Rule
Homeless Person
Homeowner's Warranty
Homestall
hold my fire
hold my ground
hold my head high
hold my head up
hold my head up high
hold my high
hold my horses
hold my liquor
hold my nerve
hold my nose
hold my peace
hold my piece
Hold My Purse
hold my temper
hold my thumbs
hold my tongue
Hold My Unicorn
hold my water
hold myself together
hold nerve
hold no brief for
hold no brief for (someone or something)
hold no brief for somebody
hold no brief for somebody/something
hold no brief for someone
hold no brief for someone or something
hold no brief for something
hold no brief for, to
hold nose
hold of
hold of her
hold of him
hold of it
hold of me
hold of one
hold of somebody
hold of someone
hold of something
hold of them
hold of us
hold of you
hold off
hold off doing
hold off from
hold off from (doing something)
hold off from doing something
hold off from something
Hold Off Normal
hold offer an olive branch


Manzano Banana A smaller member of the banana family, but not as small as the Baby banana, this variety is sweeter, perhaps somewhat drier, and provides a distinctive strawberry or apple flavor. It has a chunkier or thicker appearance than the traditional banana, with an outside skin that has a pale-gold color. This banana is best eaten when the skin begins to show a greater amount of black color or completely blackens. The Manzano banana is grown in South America, Mexico, Caribbean, Asia, and Africa and is also known as the Apple banana.


text:
Q: How long HttpConfiguration object stays in the life cycle of application? I need to use HttpConfiguration between my IOC config layer and WebApi config layer. What currently I am doing is that I have a static HttpConfiguration property in WebApi layer,
 public static HttpConfiguration WebApiHttpConfiguration { get; set; }

I am initializing this WebApiHttpConfiguration in IOC config layer,
var resolver = new AutofacWebApiDependencyResolver(container);
WebApiLayer.WebApiHttpConfiguration = new HttpConfiguration();
WebApiLayer.WebApiHttpConfiguration.DependencyResolver = resolver;

In Web Api Layer I have,
WebApiHttpConfiguration.MapHttpAttributeRoutes();
WebApiHttpConfiguration.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
    name: "DefaultApi",
    routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
    defaults: new {id = RouteParameter.Optional}
    );
app.UseWebApi(WebApiHttpConfiguration);

Now I am fearing that how long the HttpConfiguration last?

A: The configuration will not change after the server has been opened and is responding to requests.
You would have to stop the server to change the configuration.


Taken the same morning as 'Retreating Tide Embleton Bay'. Mid morning isn't the sort of time I'm usually out and about taking pictures but this particular morning was overcast until quite late on. Mid morning the clouds began to part allowing shafts of sunlight to break through illuminating the coastline with spots of colour.


text:
No bail for man accused of following woman into West Town apartment and sexually assaulting her at knifepoint
By Madeline Buckley, Rosemary Sobol and William Lee
Chicago police are investigating a sexual assault that occurred Dec. 3, 2019, in the 400 block of North Carpenter Street. (Chicago Police Department/Photo courtesy of Chicago police)
Bail was denied Sunday for a South Austin man accused of following a woman into the lobby of her West Town building last week and forcing her into a stairwell, where he sexually assaulted her at knifepoint, robbed her and threatened to kill her, authorities said.
Numerous surveillance cameras captured Melvin Meeky Jr. both in and around the victim's condo in the 400 block of North Carpenter Street, as well as Chicago Transit Authority video after the alleged assault and at the 7-Eleven store where the victim's debit and credit cards were used, prosecutors said Sunday during his brief appearance before a judge.
Meeky, 27, was charged Friday night with aggravated criminal sexual assault and armed robbery, according to police. Circuit Judge David R. Navarro ordered Meeky held without bail, calling him a threat to the community and barring him from contacting the 22-year-old victim by any means.
Melvin Meeky, 27, was charged with aggravated criminal sexual assault and robbery for an attack Dec. 3,2019 in the 500 block of North Carpenter Street. (Chicago Police Department)
Wearing a black and red Chicago Bulls championship jacket and surrounded by three court deputies, Meeky said nothing as prosecutors read allegations against him.
The report of the attack led Chicago police to release still images to the media in the hopes of receiving tips from the public. After releasing the images, multiple people, including Meeky's mother, provided authorities with his location, prosecutors told the court. Police fugitive apprehension officers arrested Meeky on Thursday at his home, in the 5500 block of West Iowa Street in the South Austin neighborhood.
In court, prosecutors said Meeky allegedly followed the victim into her building after first passing her at the entrance. Inside the building, he then asked to use her phone before pulling out a switchblade and demanding the victim's personal items, prosecutors said.
Meeky then is accused of guiding the victim into a stairwell, where he demanded the pass code to her cellphone and the debit card's PIN, threatening to kill her if she gave incorrect information, prosecutors said. Authorities said he then grabbed her genitals over her clothes and demanded oral sex before a noise outside the stairwell startled him.
The victim's mother, who was walking her dog, saw Meeky and asked him if he needed help as he headed for an exit, prosecutors said. Meeky never responded. The victim then told her mother, who called police. She was taken to Northwestern Memorial Hospital.
The victim later used an app to track her phone to Clark Street between Randolph and Lake streets. Officers canvassing the area found her cellphone and credit and debit cards at 124 N. Clark St. After learning the cards has been used at a 7-Eleven store on North Halsted Street, police spoke with the cashier and obtained surveillance of Meeky attempting to purchase oranges and cigarettes with the victim's cards, authorities said. Meeky allegedly withdrew a little over $400 from the victim's bank account.
When news breaks, be the first to know.
Meeky, who has prior convictions for aggravated battery, manufacture and delivery of heroin and residential burglary in Will County, was later identified by both the victim and her mother, as well as by the convenience store clerk where the victim's card was used.
Extra-alarm fire destroys Roseland church; firefighter slightly injured
He is scheduled to return to court Thursday.
mbuckley@chicagotribune.com
rsobol@chicagotribune.com
wlee@chicagotribune.com