This is a heavyweight volume – literally, as it spans 512 closely packed pages, handsomely illustrated with rare photographs and terrific facsimile documents: newspaper clippings, pages from programmes, correspondence etc. One of them is a brief, typed circular letter from December 1972 on Manchester United official notepaper. Addressed to all secretaries of First and Second Division clubs, it informs them that United are prepared to receive offers for the transfer of "G Best, age 26, forward".
The book has two parts: the first is a chronological narrative; the second deals with specific topics such as the region's involvement in European football, Football League elections, grounds, the media, managers and various cups. There is some repetition, but this is deliberate as the intention is that each chapter can be read in isolation.
James spent ten years researching the book, trawling the archives of libraries and clubs, and by looking again at original material has uncovered much that was not previously known and corrected errors that have become accepted fact. Curiously, many of these misapprehensions appear to be ones that give United some sort of precedence over City. Indeed, by one computation in the managers' section, James suggests City's Sam Cowan was the region's most successful manager ever, as the Blues won the Second Division title in his sole season in charge.
Inevitably, this history will appeal more to Greater Mancunians of all allegiances than it might to those born elsewhere. It is also not for those looking for a bit of light holiday reading. However, it is a real achievement and the first time the history of the game in the region has been told.
The pleasure I have received from reading this book has left me morally obliged to do my first ever review.
Although a Manchester City fan, I joined a coachful from our pub to go and give Stockport County a cheer in their play-off game at Wembley against Rochdale. The coach was a fair mix of County (obviously), City and United fans.
I took Gary James's book to while away the journey. Suffice to say that others took an interest in it and were blown away with the 'differentness' of it. By the time we returned, I'd taken a total of 11 orders for copies!
The book clearly has a 'wow' factor. I think one of its main qualities is the author's refusal to merely compartmentalise each Manchester club's history. Instead it is largely chronological and dwells many times on the relationships between clubs rather than just significant events in their individual past. Whilst United and City inevitably figure prominantly, there is due credit given to the likes of Bury who were Manchester's first truly successful club. At the other extreme, newcomers FC United are given respect for their efforts to return affordable football to the grassroots supporter. In between, every club from the area has its roots explained and its triumphs and tribulations related accurately and entertainingly.
One of my favourite sections is the rise and unfortunate demise of Manchester Central FC. If United and City had not combined and connived to keep this fledging club out of the League in the late'20's / early '30's, then either there would have been three city centre teams or an ailing United could have gone to the wall.
Gary James has researched so deeply that many errors have been found in clubs' official histories. Whilst such fine detail is to be commended, the narrative never lapses into a tedious list of dates that only the 'anorak' would appreciate.
Instead it flows and has you wondering what happened next, even when on some occasions you were fairly sure you knew your football history.
As the guys on the coach found, this is a 'once seen - must have' book and I for one will be buying several more copies, as I have absolutely no doubt that as a Christmas or birthday present it will be received with total delight.


A necessary, essential, or required element. The Latin phrases translates literally to "without which not." Some consider a good education to be the sine qua non of a successful career.
An essential element or condition, as in A perfect cake is the since qua non of a birthday party. This phrase is Latin for "without which not" and has been used in English since about 1600. It appears more in writing than in speech.
/%sIneI kwA: "n@Un; American English "noUn/ (from Latin, formal) something that is essential before you can achieve something else: Many people believe that grammar is the sine qua non of language learning.
In Latin, this means 'without which not'.
Essential part. As translated from the Latin, "Without which, there would be nothing," the phrase is an erudite way to describe that which is indispensable or basic.


HALTON toddlers could miss out on a crucial pre-school learning experience if Halton council stops essential funding to a national charity.
National Children Homes (NCH), which runsschemesforchildren uptothreeyears old in Widnes and Runcorn, fears the groups could face closure following a budgetary review of council backed children's services.
The Weekly News has been told by scheme users that staff are to be made redundant and that up to 21 local schemes face the axe, after running for 20 years.
Alison Thornton, a mum who uses the service and is training as a staff member, said youngsters would be missing an essential developmental experience which prepares them for school life.
She said: 'If this funding is withdrawn, there is nothing for the kids to do.
Paul Moore, NCH director of children's services North West, said: 'I am actively seeking a meeting with the council to discuss the future of this project.
'In the meantime, Halton Family Groups will continue to provide its normal high standards of service and plans are in place by the children's charity to ensure appropriate consultation with our partners and service users.
A council spokesman said: 'Constructive discussions are taking place concerning services for families through children's centres. Meetings are being held with a number of service providers to agree the future focus of family support, and to ensure we are working together to meet identified needs.


text:
"Without You" is a song by American recording artist Monica. It was written by India Boodram, Kesia Hollins, Jamal Jones, Jazmyn Michel, and Mansur Zafr, with production helmed by her cousin Polow da Don, along with Zafr, for her seventh studio album, New Life, released in 2012. A dedication to her husband, NBA basketball player Shannon Brown, "Without You" is a ballad which features a thunderous beat and light synth riffs. The fourth single from New Life, it was serviced to rhythmic US radio on May 8, 2012 and reached number 91 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

Background and composition
"Without You" was written by Jamal "Polow da Don" Jones, Mansur Zafr, India Boodram, Jazmyn Michel, and Kesia Hollins, with production by Polow da Don and Zafr, and recorded at No Excuses Studios in Santa Monica, California. It was mixed by Manny Marroquin with further assistance from Erik Madrid and Chris Galland. The track, along with Jermaine Dupri-crafted album cut "Amazing", was specifically written and dedicated to Monica's husband, NBA basketball player Shannon Brown, and brought to her by da Don. "I think for him, he wanted to help me find and create a song that would say exactly how I feel about my husband," she noted in an interview with Yahoo! Music. Speaking with Rap-Up, the singer further explained the importance of the song for her. "It was an important song to me on the album because it was the song that I did specifically for [Shannon]," she said. "[Polow] was able to make a song that was a true testament to the love I have for my husband now."

Critical reception
"Without You" received mainly mixed to positive reviews from music critics. In her review of New Life, Erika Ramirez of Billboard  said: "Monica [...] adds some throbbing synths and twinkling piano on another "I love my man" cut. Remains solidly in the R&B vein, however, lacking the pop touch that made "Why I Love You So Much" or "Angel of Mine" cross over in their heyday. Generally critical of the album itself, Jonathan Keefe of Slant Magazine wrote: "The melody of "Without You" allows Monica to show off the breadth of her range, but with its reverb-heavy percussion line, the track's production immediately recalls—and pales in comparison to — Beyoncé's "Halo" and Kelly Clarkson's "Already Gone." But while it's both a dated knockoff and a phoned-in effort from Polow da Don, the song is still one of the better tracks on a messy, underwhelming set." Boston Globe noted that "showing off her vocal range on "Without You," Monica reminds us why she's still relevant."

Format and track listing
Digital download
 "Without You" – 4:09

Credits and personnel
 Composer  - Jamal Jones, Mansur Zafr, India Boodram, Jazmyn Michel, Kesia Hollins
 Production – Polow da Don, Mansur Zafr
 Keyboards, strings, bass, piano – Brian Kennedy
 Bass – Dan Rockett
 Recording – Jay Stevenson
 Mixing – Manny Marroquin
 Mixing assistance – Erik Madrid, Chris Galland

Charts

Release history

References

External links
www.monica.com – official website

2012 singles
Monica (singer) songs
RCA Records singles
Songs written by Polow da Don
2012 songs
2010s ballads
Contemporary R&B ballads
Pop ballads

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home » News » Turn Up The Heat While You Sleep With Thermo Heat Nighttime
Turn Up The Heat While You Sleep With Thermo Heat Nighttime
Getting lean and keeping it off requires a comprehensive approach that increases energy expenditure by burning body fat while managing appetite to maintain the loss of unwanted fat. Recent scientific evidence has shown that a process known as thermogenesis increases energy expenditure while burning body fat in humans1-3 by stimulating the activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Brown adipose tissue is a unique type of fat cell that can effectively uncouple the normally linked process of fat burning with cellular energy (ATP) production within the mitochondria. As a result, instead of the energy from fat being used to synthesize ATP, it is instead converted into heat, increasing energy expenditure. BAT's ability to burn fat and increase energy expenditure presents a promising target for fat loss.
Several months ago, Steve Blechman and Advanced Molecular Labs (AML) launched the revolutionary fat-torching product Thermo Heat that has an exclusive blend of compounds that attack body fat by activating thermogenic fat loss and energy expenditure, while also activating your body's own appetite-suppressing hormones and neurotransmitters in order to mitigate food consumption for smoother dieting and sustained fat loss.
Thermo Heat has a combination of ingredients designed to enhance energy and mental focus to support intense training, yet without too much stimulation. Tyrosine is one of the stimulatory compounds in Thermo Heat that triggers the production of the excitatory neurotransmitter dopamine, which regulates neurons triggering thermogenesis and appetite control while also having an arousing effect that increases alertness. In addition, Thermo Heat contains the well-known stimulant caffeine, which also heightens alertness.
Realizing the stimulatory nature of these compounds is fantastic for fat loss and exercise performance, they most likely interfere with the all-important sleep— which is extremely important for complete recuperation that drives muscle growth and reduces weight gain. So, with that in mind, Steve Blechman and AML designed the perfect complement to Thermo Heat that when consumed before an evening meal or at bedtime, maintains an elevated level of thermogenic fat burning throughout the night while, at the same time, reducing stress and promoting sleep. This new product, Thermo Heat Nighttime, accomplishes this, in part, by replacing the aforementioned stimulatory molecules tyrosine, caffeine, synephrine and thyroid hormone activators with several compounds that strongly induce a relaxed state that potently induces sleep— while also possessing compounds that burn fat and suppress appetite.
Capsaicinoids Found in Thermo Heat Nighttime Thermogenically Torch Fat
BAT thermogenesis is typically activated by stimulating a receptor molecule in the brain belonging to the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) family, whose normal function is to regulate body temperature. Activation of TRPV within the brain triggers the sympathetic nervous system resulting in noradrenaline release, which subsequently enhances fatty acid oxidation. Several studies have shown that additional members of the TRPV receptor family are activated outside of the brain by various food-related compounds that bind to TRPV receptors within the oral cavity or gastrointestinal tract, yet still activate the sympathetic nervous system and BAT-activated thermogenesis. Among the TRPV activators investigated so far, the most extensively studied have been capsaicin and other capsaicin-like compounds known as capsaicinoids that are abundantly found in Thermo Heat Nighttime. Capsaicinoids naturally occur in chili peppers, where they contribute to the hot and spicy flavor of the chili pepper.
In these studies, capsaicinoids were shown to increase BAT thermogenesis in humans through the activation of a specific member of the TRPV family, TRPV1, found in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Activation of TRPV1 stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, which releases noradrenaline, driving BAT thermogenesis and fat loss.4-6 In addition, other studies showed that longer term ingestion of roughly six weeks increased BAT-dependent thermogenesis, which reduced body fat.7-8
Capsaicinoids Reduce Hunger
Interventions aimed to improve weight loss and weight maintenance have rapidly embraced the use of several naturally occurring compounds that burn fat while also decreasing appetite. Capsaicinoids have been shown to reduce food intake9-11 while also significantly reducing the desire to eat more food.10
Although an influence on appetite has been observed in several trials, the mechanism of action is not fully understood. It may be that the release of noradrenaline triggered by capsaicin, as previously mentioned, minimizes appetite as the stimulation of the noradrenaline receptors in the brain has been shown to produce feelings of satiety.12 In addition, the consumption of capsaicin has also been shown to cause an increase in gut-derived hormone GLP-1, which regulates regions of the brain that regulate food intake, resulting in reduced hunger.13
All told, capsaicinoids, which are abundantly found in Thermo Heat Nighttime, potently stimulate and preserve fat loss as recent evidence clearly shows their comprehensive ability to increase energy expenditure and fat oxidation while also reducing appetite.
Thermo Heat Nighttime Promotes Relaxation and Sleep
Though not readily appreciated, sleep is an extremely potent performance enhancer that stimulates the release of anabolic hormones14 such as testosterone and growth hormone, triggering anabolic processes within the musculoskeletal system. In addition, studies have also shown that ample sleep is necessary to control bodyweight.15
In order to take advantage of the fat-fighting, muscle-building processes stimulated during sleep, Thermo Heat Nighttime potently induces relaxation and sleepiness. Melatonin, which is found abundantly in Thermo Heat Nighttime, is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in the brain that regulates the sleep/wake cycle helping you fall asleep. Melatonin is also involved in energy metabolism and bodyweight control. Many studies show that melatonin reduces bodyweight and abdominal fat16 without eating less or increasing physical activity. Conceivably, melatonin reduces fat without decreasing food consumption or physical activity by activating BAT-driven thermogenesis17, which autonomously increases energy expenditure and thus fat loss.
In addition to the powerful sleep-enhancing effects of melatonin, compounds in Thermo Heat Nighttime also encourage sleep by strongly reducing stress and anxiety. One of those compounds being L-theanine, an amino acid naturally found in tea that is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and influence activity of the central nervous system.18 Studies have shown the ability of L-theanine to affect the central nervous system results in increased relaxation and lowered anxiety along with improved sleep quality.19-20
In addition to L-theanine, Thermo Heat Nighttime also contains 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), which is an amino acid that can also pass the blood-brain barrier where it is converted into the neurotransmitter serotonin. The increased production of serotonin is associated with feelings of tiredness and fatigue, as serotonin regulates the sleep-wake cycle. In addition, serotonin curbs cravings and reduces appetite, ultimately resulting in weight loss. As a result, 5-HTP promotes sleepiness while curbing appetite by increasing serotonin production.
Stress Reduction With GABA
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is one of the chief inhibitory neurotransmitters in humans.21 The inhibitory effect of GABA on the body results in a considerable reduction in stress and anxiety22, making it an integral part of the relaxing influence of Thermo Heat Nighttime. In addition, GABA has also been shown to have peripheral activity in various tissues and organs throughout the body regulating cardiovascular functions, renal functions and regulation of the pituitary gland. Interestingly, GABA's regulation of the pituitary triggers the release of growth hormone23, promoting an anabolic environment that supports greater muscle growth while also promoting fat loss.
Unique Spice Blend That Subdues Appetite and Incinerates Fat
Thermo Heat Nighttime contains a unique blend of spices that suppress appetite, including piperine, the spicy compound from black pepper; cinnamaldehyde, the pungent ingredient in cinnamon; and gingerol, the active constituent in ginger. Piperine and gingerol have been reported to activate the TRPV1 receptor while cinnamaldehyde activates the TRPA1 receptor, a member within the TRPV1 family of receptors. Activation of this family of receptors triggers thermogenic energy expenditure in a similar fashion to capsaicinoids24-25, which ultimately depletes body fat. In addition, all three compounds have been shown to decrease appetite, putting them in a similar category with capsaicin and capsaicinoids as compounds that effectively trigger long-term fat loss by increasing energy expenditure while also decreasing appetite.26-28 Importantly, the spice known as grains of paradise has also been shown to trigger thermogenesis in a similar fashion to the three aforementioned spices found in Thermo Heat Nighttime.29 Yet importantly, there is very convincing evidence also showing that grains of paradise is likely toxic to the liver30, while there is absolutely no evidence whatsoever linking piperine, gingerol or cinnamaldehyde with toxicity.
For most of Michael Rudolph's career he has been engrossed in the exercise world as either an athlete (he played college football at Hofstra University), personal trainer or as a Research Scientist (he earned a B.Sc. in Exercise Science at Hofstra University and a Ph.D. in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology from Stony Brook University). After earning his Ph.D., Michael investigated the molecular biology of exercise as a fellow at Harvard Medical School and Columbia University for over eight years. That research contributed seminally to understanding the function of the incredibly important cellular energy sensor AMPK— leading to numerous publications in peer-reviewed journals including the journal Nature. Michael is currently a scientist working at the New York Structural Biology Center doing contract work for the Department of Defense on a project involving national security.
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1. Nedergaard J, Bengtsson T and Cannon B. Unexpected evidence for active brown adipose tissue in adult humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2007; 293, E444-452.
2. Saito M, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, et al. High incidence of metabolically active brown adipose tissue in healthy adult humans: effects of cold exposure and adiposity. Diabetes 2009; 58, 1526-1531.
3. van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Vanhommerig JW, et al. Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men. N Engl J Med 2009; 360, 1500-1508.
4. Ludy MJ, Moore GE and Mattes RD. The effects of capsaicin and capsiate on energy balance: critical review and meta-analyses of studies in humans. Chem Senses 2012; 37, 103-121.
5. Snitker S, Fujishima Y, et al. Effects of novel capsinoid treatment on fatness and energy metabolism in humans: possible pharmacogenetic implications. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89, 45-50.
6. Whiting S, Derbyshire E and Tiwari BK. Capsaicinoids and capsinoids. A potential role for weight management? A systematic review of the evidence. Appetite 2012; 59, 341-348.
7. Yoneshiro T, Aita S, et al. Nonpungent capsaicin analogs (capsinoids) increase energy expenditure through the activation of brown adipose tissue in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95, 845-850.
8. Saito M and Yoneshiro T. Capsinoids and related food ingredients activating brown fat thermogenesis and reducing body fat in humans. Curr Opin Lipidol 2013; 24, 71-77.
9. Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Smeets A and Lejeune MP. Sensory and gastrointestinal satiety effects of capsaicin on food intake. Int J Obes 2005 (Lond); 29, 682-688.
10. Yoshioka M, Imanaga M, et al. Maximum tolerable dose of red pepper decreases fat intake independently of spicy sensation in the mouth. Br J Nutr 2004; 91, 991-995.
11. Yoshioka M, St-Pierre S, et al. Effects of red pepper on appetite and energy intake. Br J Nutr 1999; 82, 115-123.
12. Wellman PJ. Norepinephrine and the control of food intake. Nutrition 2000; 16, 837-842.
13. Smeets AJ and Westerterp-Plantenga MS. The acute effects of a lunch containing capsaicin on energy and substrate utilisation, hormones, and satiety. Eur J Nutr 2009; 48, 229-234.
14. Spiegel K, Leproult R and Van Cauter E. Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet 1999; 354, 1435-1439.
15. Yi S, Nakagawa T, et al. Short sleep duration in association with CT-scanned abdominal fat areas: the Hitachi Health Study. Int J Obes 2013 (Lond); 37, 129-134.
16. Wolden-Hanson T, Mitton DR, et al. Daily melatonin administration to middle-aged male rats suppresses body weight, intraabdominal adiposity, and plasma leptin and insulin independent of food intake and total body fat. Endocrinology 2000; 141, 487-497.
17. Tan DX, Manchester LC, et al. Significance and application of melatonin in the regulation of brown adipose tissue metabolism: relation to human obesity. Obes Rev 2011; 12, 167-188.
18. Gomez-Ramirez M, Higgins BA, et al. The deployment of intersensory selective attention: a high-density electrical mapping study of the effects of theanine. Clin Neuropharmacol 2007; 30, 25-38.
19. Kimura K, Ozeki M, et al. L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses. Biol Psychol 2007; 74, 39-45.
20. Lyon MR, Kapoor MP and Juneja LR. The effects of L-theanine (Suntheanine(R)) on objective sleep quality in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Altern Med Rev 2011; 16, 348-354.
21. Nicoll RA, Malenka RC and Kauer JA. Functional comparison of neurotransmitter receptor subtypes in mammalian central nervous system. Physiol Rev 1990; 70, 513-565.
22. Abdou AM, Higashiguchi S, et al. Relaxation and immunity enhancement effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) administration in humans. Biofactors 2006; 26, 201-208.
23. Powers ME, Yarrow JF, et al. Growth hormone isoform responses to GABA ingestion at rest and after exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008; 40, 104-110.
24. Yoneshiro T and Saito M. Transient receptor potential activated brown fat thermogenesis as a target of food ingredients for obesity management. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2013; 16, 625-631.
25. McNamara FN, Randall A and Gunthorpe MJ. Effects of piperine, the pungent component of black pepper, at the human vanilloid receptor (TRPV1). Br J Pharmacol 2005; 144, 781-790.
26. Jwa H, Choi Y, et al. Piperine, an LXRalpha antagonist, protects against hepatic steatosis and improves insulin signaling in mice fed a high-fat diet. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84, 1501-1510.
27. Mansour MS, Ni YM, et al. Ginger consumption enhances the thermic effect of food and promotes feelings of satiety without affecting metabolic and hormonal parameters in overweight men: a pilot study. Metabolism 2012; 61, 1347-1352.
28. Kim MJ, Son HJ, et al. The TRPA1 agonist, methyl syringate suppresses food intake and gastric emptying. PLoS One 2012; 8, e71603.
29. Iwami M, Mahmoud FA, et al. Extract of grains of paradise and its active principle 6-paradol trigger thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue in rats. Auton Neurosci 2011; 161, 63-67.
30. Ilic N, Schmidt BM, et al. Toxicological evaluation of grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta) [Roscoe] K. Schum. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 127, 352-356.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Counseling Nokomis, IL: Caring and Competent. Find the right therapist near you.
Counseling in Nokomis, IL. Find the Right Therapist.
Safe, effective, and caring. Affordable therapists near you in Nokomis, Illinois will help you make the changes you want.
In 62557 - Nearby to Nokomis.
As a professional and confidential counselor, I focus on empowering you to reduce the chaos and bring "balance" back into your life. My approach is compassionate and supportive yet reality driven to allow you growth for optimal balance and performance.
You Have Found The Best Therapists in Nokomis, IL. Let's Get Started and Change Your Life.
Welcome to our Illinois listing of values-centered therapists in Nokomis IL. Counseling in Illinois with Theravive aims to be real and effective, going deep to resolve issues, heal broken relationships, and give you the right tools to move forward in a healthy and free way. Contact forms are "open" 24/7 it's free and easy to reach out, so select a Nokomis therapist above and start your new journey today.
Nokomis is located in Montgomery County, Illinois. It has a land area of 1.30 square miles and a water area of 0.00 square miles. The population of Nokomis is 2,185 people with 975 households and a median annual income of $39,506. .
Counseling in this region can be difficult to afford for many people without insurance. Most people in Nokomis are not able to commit to a weekly therapy session without proper budgeting. The good news is that counselors in Nokomis may offer sliding scale fees or low cost options. Insurance may cover your sessions as well. Talk to your therapist to learn more. Low cost counseling and affordable therapy are also sometimes offered by listed city and university level clinics, check with your local Nokomis public health department.


Our site exists to promote the benefits of yoga and in particular, the Seven Spiritual Laws of Yoga.
Our principles comprise of Ayurveda, yoga and meditation. We are guided by the five-thousand year old teachings and utilize them in all aspects of our lives.
We aim to bring spirituality and tranquility into the lives of all our students and readers.
It does not matter whether you are highly flexible or of lower mobility, it is still possible for you to connect with your spirit and gain the benefits of yoga.
These are a profound sense of inner peace and serenity, as well the principles of karma.
Even if you are unable to participate in a class, it should still be possible for you to benefit from some study of yoga.
We have videos and online courses available, for our visitors to view and join in with.
Discover our step by step guides to achieving the various yoga positions and practice alongside our qualified instructors.
As well as our online resources, we run courses and classes in various local areas.
Available on our website are also a number of e-books and other materials, to help you discover more about yoga techniques and the theory behind them.
No matter what stage of life you are in, there is a yoga practice which is suitable for you.
You are simply never too old to discover yoga and we believe that all can benefit from learning some simple techniques, to find tranquility within.
All our resources are free and available to all to download. We hope you stay on our site and discover more about yoga and how it can help you in your spiritual journey to wellness!


STEP 1 inquiring about tour Prices?
To simplify your booking procedures, we ask you to send us your TOUR REQUEST at least 7 days before the expedition date. Please fill out the booking form at CONTACT FORM and send it to us. We will confirm AVAILABILITY AND PRICES FOR YOUR TOURS. Afterwards you will receive your booking report confirmation and pay pal form to submit your payment online, along with Itinerary and full details about your tours such as transportation and pick-up time from your hotel.
PLEASE NOTE: Once you submit your payment and personal information, you are authorizing Tours & Transfers by Van to proceed with the official booking and payment transaction and have read and agreed ALL TERMS AND CONDITIONS of this reservation request.


CWDM is an optical technology for transmitting up to 16 channels, each in a separate wavelength or color, over the same fiber strand. The CWDM solution help enable enterprise and service provides to increase the bandwidth of an existing Gigabit Ethernet optical infrastructure without adding new fiber strands.
Unlike DWDM, which can transmit up to 160 channels on the same fiber by tightly packing them, CWDM technology relies on wider spacing between channels. This design makes CWDM a relatively inexpensive technology for transmitting multiple gigabit-per-second signals on a single fiber strand as compared with DWDM because it can support less-sophisticated, and therefore cheaper, transceiver design. In the point-to-point configuration , two endpoints are directly connected through a fiber link. The ITU has standardized a 20-nm channel-spacing grid for use with CWDM, using the wavelengths between 1310nm and 1610 nm. Most Cisco CWDM system support eight channels in the 1470-to 1610-nm range, shorthand for CWDM-SFP-1470 or CWDM-SFP-1550 or other wavelengths. The Cisco CWDM Gigabit Interface Converter(GBIC)/small form-factor pluggable (SFP)solution allow organization to add or drop as many as eight channels (Gigabit Ethernet or Fiber Channel) into a pair of single-mode (SM) fiber strads. As a result, the need for additional fiber is minimized. You can create redundant point-to-point links by adding or dropping redundant channels into a second pair of SM fiber strands.
CWDM multiplexing is achieved through special passive (nonpowered) glass devices known as filters. The filter act as prisms, directing lights from many incoming and outgoing fibers (client ports) to a common transmit and receive trunk port. Optical multiplexing in a ring with CWDM network is supported with optical add/drop multiplexers (OADM). OADMs can drop off one or more CWDM wavelengths at a specific location and replace that signal with one or more different outbound signals.
The Cisco CWDM GBIC/SFP solution has two main components: a set of eight different pluggable transceivers (Cisco CWDM GBICs and Cisco CWDM SFPs), and a set of different Cisco CWDM passive multiplexers are compliant with the CWDM grid defined in the ITU-T G.694.2 standards.
CWDM can be used by enterprise on leased dark fiber to increase capacity (for example), from 1 Gbps to 8Gbps or 16Gbps) over metro-area distances. One problem with CWDM is that the wavelengths are not compatible with erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) technology, which amplifies all signals within their frequency range.
EDFA technology is beginning to make repeaters obsolete. EDFA is a form of fiber optical amplification that transmits a light signal through a section of erbium-doped fiber and amplifiers the signal with a laser pump diode. EDFA is used in transmitter booster amplifiers, inline repeating, and in receiver preamplifiers.
CWDM supports up to a 30-dB power budget on an SM fiber. This restricts the distances over which CWDM may be used. CWDM may be used. CWDM supports distances of approximately 60 miles (100 km) in a point-to-point topology and about 25 miles (40 km) in a ring topology.
In some areas, service providers use CWDM to provide lambda or wavelength service. A lambda service is where a provider manage equipment and multiplexes customer traffic onto one or more wavelengths for a high-speed connection, typically between two or more points.
This entry was posted in CWDM Systems, WDM Optical Network and tagged CWDM wavelengths, CWDM-SFP-1470, CWDM-SFP-1550 on April 30, 2014 by Admin.


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We understand that you may want to customize your vehicle to add your own personal touch. When you change things from how the vehicle was we are not able to make any guarantee when it comes to fitment, we urge you to do your research prior to placing an order. We are willing to help in any way we can but any information outside of a official GM Accessory add on is only considered an educated guess. In the event you order and receive a part that falls into this "Upgrade" category and it does not look like something that will work, we will gladly take it back as a return as long as it meets our return policy guidelines. Since we are not able to guarantee fitment, you will be responsible for return shipping costs.
To determine if your part is eligible for return please visit our Returns Policy.


You can start to identify your own attachment style by getting to know the four patterns of attachment in adults and learning how they commonly affect couples in.
I find it difficult to trust and depend on others and prefer that others do not depend on me. Adults with these attachment styles differ in a number of significant ways: Waters, Weinfield and Hamilton propose that negative life experiences often cause changes in attachment styles.
The number of people who experience changes in attachment styles, and the short periods over which the changes occur, suggest working models are not rigid personality traits. Ratings of likely attachment responses corresponded to people's attachment styles. Theoretical Evaluation This caregiver sensitivity theory is supported by research from, Wolff and Van Ijzendoorn who conducted a Meta-analysis a review of research into attachment types. A high need baby is a very sensitive baby and demands much more attention and physical closeness than 'the typical baby'.
The desire for intimacy also has important implications for attachment. Accordingly, insecure attachment styles are associated with an increased risk of social and emotional behavioral problems via the internal working model. Mary Ainsworth concluded that the strange situation could be used to identify the child's type of attachment has been criticized on the grounds that it identifies only the type of attachment to the mother. Low on avoidance, low on anxiety.
Attachment patterns in south Germany. The schema contains information about the self e. From this perspective, it would benefit people to have attachments who are willing and able to respond positively to the person's request for closeness, so that they can use security-based strategies for dealing with their anxiety.
The second strategy is called the hyperactivation, or anxiety attachment, strategy. Communication is intellectual, not comfortable talking about emotions; avoids conflict, then explodes. Communication is not collaborative; unaware of own responsibility in relationship issues; blames others.
Contradicting this last result, Robinson has found that in the lesbian population there was a link between attachment styles and early parenting. Patterns of attachment behavior shown by the infant in interaction with his mother.
Nov 6, - Based on these observations, Ainsworth concluded that there were three major styles of attachment: secure attachment, ambivalent-insecure attachment, and avoidant-insecure attachment. Researchers Main and Solomon added a fourth attachment style known as disorganized-insecure attachment. May 25, - How you attach to other adults strongly corresponds with how you attached to others as a child. Four distinct styles of attachment have been. Looking for the essence of the four attachment styles? Find in depth info about infant attachment behavior in a simple, visual manner.
Conditions involving the caregiver caregiver absent, caregiver departing, caregiver discouraging of proximity, caregiver giving attention to another child, etc. Changes in attachment styles therefore indicate changes in working models.
The link between changes in attachment and changes in support was relationship-specific. People who have fearful-avoidant and anxious-preoccupied attachment styles typically want greater closeness with their partners.
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Home / Alberta Politics / It's tough to be a federal Liberal or a New Democrat in Alberta … especially during elections
Heather McPherson, the NDP Candidate in Edmonton Strathcona (Photo: David J. Climenhaga).
It's tough to be a federal Liberal or a New Democrat in Alberta … especially during elections
David Climenhaga
Posted on September 12, 2019, 1:18 am
It's always hard to be a federal Liberal in Alberta … especially during elections!
(Ba-boom!)
Retiring Edmonton Strathcona MP Linda Duncan (Photo: David J. Climenhaga).
In the federal election Prime Minister Trudeau called yesterday, it'll probably be just a little harder than usual.
Here in Wild Rose Country, it's usually pretty difficult to be a New Democrat too, subject to many of the same conditions.
Which is to say, the NDP's federal candidate normally has a chance in only one riding, Edmonton Strathcona, but since 2008 that's been a pretty good chance.
That was when Linda Duncan, an environmental lawyer, knocked off Rahim Jaffer, the Reform-Alliance-Conservative placeholder who had been MP for the riding since 1997. (Later, Mr. Jaffer became a lobbyist for an outfit called Green Power. That was before there was a snitch line for un-Albertan activities, but, regardless, it doesn't seem like that worked out all that well for him.)
Natural Resources Minister Amarjeet Sohi (Photo: David J. Climenhaga).
Depending on whom you listen to, there may or may not have been a little tension between Ms. Duncan and Alberta's previous NDP government led by Rachel Notley, MLA for the provincial Edmonton-Strathcona riding and an enthusiastic backer of bitumen pipelines.
But like Ms. Notley's government, those days now appear to be over. Ms. Duncan is about to retire, and NDP candidate Heather McPherson should be acceptable to all. Ms. McPherson is a former teacher and an executive for non-profit organizations.
So as long as neither the Greens nor the Liberals come up with a candidate strong enough to split the vote in a riding that features the University of Alberta at one end and slightly bluer suburbs at the other, there should still be a small patch of orange on the Alberta electoral map after Oct. 21.
Randy Boissonnault (Photo: David J. Climenhaga).
As for the four ridings that went Liberal in the 2015 federal election, two in Calgary and two in Edmonton, that's unlikely to happen this time.
Somehow, Mr. Trudeau went and made himself unpopular in these parts — in spite of spending more money here than his predecessor, Conservative Stephen Harper did, and buying an uneconomic pipeline to help keep the place afloat. But go figure, nothing satisfies Albertans if your name happens to be Trudeau.
Calgary's quota of Liberals was reduced by 50 per cent in 2017, after Calgary Skyview MP Darshan Kang resigned from the party's Caucus amid allegations of sexual harassment. Mr. Trudeau later made it clear he would never be welcomed back. Calgary Centre MP Kent Hehr, who had joined Mr. Trudeau's cabinet in 2015, resigned from cabinet last year after allegations of sexual harassment, but remains in caucus.
Kent Hehr (Photo: David J. Climenhaga).
These two were the first Liberals elected in Calgary since 1968, and it seems highly likely under the circumstances that thanks to their tawdry performances the Liberals will be done like dinner in Cowtown on Oct. 21.
There's been nothing wrong with either the personal behaviour or political performances of Edmonton Liberal MPs Randy Boissonnault (Edmonton Centre), and Amarjeet Sohi (Edmonton Mill Woods). Mr. Boissonnault is a former Rhodes scholar and journalist, and is the first openly gay MP to be elected in this province. Mr. Sohi, a former Edmonton City Councillor, has proved to be an effective and hard-working member of Mr. Trudeau's cabinet as minister of infrastructure and later minister of natural resources.
But so what? This is Alberta, and re-election for either man will be a challenge because of the current mood of the province, the PM's popularity deficit hereabouts, polls that reflect both factors, and the history of the place.
Still, Edmonton's a pretty progressive town and Mr. Sohi is like Brian Mason, the former leader of the provincial NDP – both got a start as bus drivers and union members and turned into able political campaigners. So maybe he has a chance. In your blogger's opinion, he certainly deserves it.
Darshan Kang (Photo: David J. Climenhaga).
As for non-Conservatives with a chance of going to Ottawa as MPs among the sea of Conservative non-entities we send east and then forget about, that's pretty well it or I'll eat my National Pundits Union card on Oct. 22.
As noted above, things are only a little harder than normal for federal Liberals around here. Blogger and inveterate chart-maker Dave Cournoyer illustrated in a graphic on social media earlier this week that the overwhelming level of support for the federal Conservatives looks much the same election after election in this province.
This may explain why Conservative governments in Ottawa take us for granted. It doesn't explain why Liberal governments pay so much attention to us or, for that matter, why Alberta voters continue to encourage this situation.
I'm sorry, readers, I don't have any more insights into this mystery.
Alberta NDP Alberta politics Amarjeet Sohi Brian Mason Canadian Politics Conservative Party of Canada Darshan Kang Dave Cournoyer Heather McPherson Justin Trudeau Kent Hehr Liberal Party of Canada Linda Duncan New Democratic Party Rachel Notley Rahim Jaffer Randy Boissonnault Stephen Harper
It's Jason Kenney, not Amnesty International, who's poking holes in Alberta's claim we produce the most 'ethical oil'
Sarcasm does not become a premier — especially as our placid boreal Dominion grows less gelid by the day
Lake of Fire Update: Stuff is still hitting the fan, and it may not be lava!
Climenhaga / Nov 12
No change! No change! Jim Prentice's 'new management' is offering the same old Tory stuff
Climenhaga / Oct 21
The Calgary perp walk: it's a routine disgrace, and it's about time someone spoke up about it
Climenhaga / Aug 4
Minister's claim his chief of staff's troubles were news to him, raises eyebrows, prompts doubts
Climenhaga / Nov 1
17 Comments	to: It's tough to be a federal Liberal or a New Democrat in Alberta … especially during elections
I suppose if it is any consolation, the Liberals seem to have second place locked up in Alberta, according to the polls. Of course, about 40 points back from the Cons. In what is a neck and neck race nationally, Alberta as always seems to be an anomally.
It does seem odd that the Cons take the voters here for granted and of course raise a lot of money here they will spend in other races across Canada, but I guess that is how it goes. Habits are sometimes slow and difficult to change. I recall when the Federal Liberals could count on over 70 seats in Quebec and more in Ontario, but over the years their voting patterns changed somewhat and so they may eventually here to. I think Quebecers figured out it was actually better for them that their votes are not completely taken for granted.
I will not predict an exact seat count, but I think there will probably be a few Liberals and perhaps an NDP MP too, with the rest being Cons here. I think Alberta will remain out of step with the rest of the country and still wondering why the Federal parties don't take us more seriously. Well with one party that can take a lot of support for granted and the other parties mostly frustrated and shut out, that is not a mystery.
Farmer Brian
Personally I think it is tough for the NDP in most places in Canada right now. The latest polling averaged out on 338Canada put the NDP at 12.6% nationally, at 6% in Quebec, the province they elected the most seats in last time around.
Why isn't Justin Trudeau popular in Alberta? Hmm where would I start. As a farmer under his tenure I have lost markets in both India and China. In all fairness how much is the Canadian government's fault could be debated. Justin Trudeau went on and on about the Conservatives nevertheless building a pipeline to tidewater, well neither has he yet and I am not convinced he ever will! Anyway back on task, Bill C-69, Bill C-48, imposing a carbon tax on Alberta Jan. 1,2020. Another important issue to me is his absolute lack of ethics! Interesting story in the Globe and Mail of the Liberal's obstructing the obstruction of justice probe by the RCMP. Trudeau and by extension the federal Liberal's are rotten to the core and it looks like Canadians are ready to vote him back in with the strongest backing coming from Quebec! So David I will never vote for the Liberal's under Justin Trudeau and I am astounded and disappointed by how many Canadians that will! Enjoy your day.
re your comments here:
1. Loss of markets. As you said, it isn't necessarily the Canadian government's fault. We'll just leave it at that.
2. Pipeline to tidewater: I don't remember Trudeau going on and on about it, I do remember Kenney doing so for years now (since he left Federal office, and he didn't manage to get it done the 10 years he was there). Trudeau has bought the pipeline and it is now, and has been for a number of years, in the hands of the courts. Unless you want the government to override the courts and I don't think we want to set that precedent.
3. Bill c-69 and C-48, not sure they are quite the disasters the Conservatives paint them to be.
4. Carbon tax: this is a very useful way of reducing emissions. We had it here in Alberta, it didn't cause the economy to crash. A lot of people, especially the lower income crowd, got rebates which helped them out. I don't get the hatred.
5. The Globe and Mail story is a lie, the RCMP is holding off on any investigation until after the election. Also, the SNC Lavalin story started back in the Harper days, or possibly even before that. JWR is being somewhat disingenuous in some of her comments and when you look at her spousal travel spending claims, looks like she's not completely ethical herself. That's also evidenced by her recording conversations without permission.
Maybe the Liberals are rotten to the core but I think the Conservatives are even more so. I don't know as yet who I will vote for but it will certainly not be the person who represents my riding now, a Conservative. There is no way I want Scheer representing my country. His campaign of lies and bullying is horrible. I can't believe so many people, especially Albertans, will vote for him and his party.
Janna enjoyed your reply.
Point #2. Read an old article from the Huffpost: 'To Tidewater': The 2 Key Words to Listen for as Liberals, Tories fight over pipelines.
Point #4. Read a recent CBC article: B.C. Greenhouse gas emissions still near 2007 levels ministry say. Keep in mind one thing the article missed, in 2015 B.C.'s C02 emissions were 61.3 million tonnes, in 2016 B.C.'s C02 emissions were 62.3 million tonnes and as the article states in 2017 B.C.'s C02 emissions were 64.46 million tonnes. From 2015 to 2017 B.C.'s C02 emissions increased by over 5% while having the highest carbon tax in Canada. So I would disagree on the effectiveness of a carbon tax.
Point #5. On the CBC again: SNC-Lavalin affair: 5 things we learned from the ethic's commissioner's report on Trudeau. Interesting to note that Conflict of interest and ethic's commissioner Mario Dion was appointed by the Trudeau government.
Thanks again Janna and enjoy your day.
Death and Gravity
Do they pay you by the post? Or by the talking point?
Unfortunately not D&G, I have been a full time farmer in Alberta for 37 years. It would be awesome to get some off farm income though as grain prices are down close to 20% from last year! Enjoy your day.
Death And Gravity, are you talking to me or Farmer Brian? Just curious. As I don't know what point you are trying to make.
Ken Larsen
In my view there is not much of a debate that Trudeau messed up the Chinese canola market, but he had help from people who should have known better.
http://www.cwbafacts.ca/2019/03/chinese-canola-embargo-about-quality-assurance/
Did you say anything when the Alberta PCs did the $400 million B.S.E bailout failure? Probably not. Also, did you say anything when the CPC sold the Canadian Wheat Board to Saudi Arabia? Probably not. 62% of Canadian farmers wanted to keep the Canadian Wheat Board. Stephen Harper denied the farmers who wanted to take control over the Canadian Wheat Board. Then, there is a lie that governments in Canada import oil from Saudi Arabia. They don't. Oil and refinery companies import oil into Canada. Most of it comes from Alberta, or the U.S.A. The hypocrisy of people saying the Liberals importing Saudi oil into Canada, (they don't), where Saudi Arabia has a terrible human rights record, and ignoring the CPC selling the Canadian Wheat Board to the Saudis is mind boggling. Stephen Harper and the CPC had a majority government, along with much greater oil prices, and did not help get a pipeline built, that went to tidewater. Why are people complaining that the Liberals did nothing about helping get a pipeline built, that went to tidewater? Oil prices sank in 2014, due to Saudi Arabia and the U.S.A controlling oil prices. Oil booms are not returning, even with another pipeline. There is no "NEP", as Brian Mulroney abolished it. The Alberta PCs, starting with Ralph Klein, allowed oil companies in Alberta to get away with not cleaning up any messes they made. Albertans now have to pay $260 billion to clean up abandoned oil wells in Alberta. The Alberta PCs did the $26 billion Northwest Upgrader fiasco, that had $9 billion in added costs. But the Federal Liberals gave $12 million to Loblaw's for fridges/freezers. That's worse in Albertan's minds. Many Albertans were griping about the Federal Liberals $100 million "Adscam", but ignored the Alberta PC's $34.5 billion electricity deregulation disaster, and the $7 billion PPA debacle, that went with it. The Alberta PCs, after Peter Lougheed left office, are totally responsible for virtually depleting Alberta's finances, from multitudes of very costly scandals and neglect. The Alberta PCs put in many different taxes for Alberta. This includes a carbon tax that Ed Stelmach put in. Jason Kenney did not get rid of Alberta's carbon tax. We still have it. The SNC Lavalin debacle has ties to John Baird. Yes, that John Baird, originally from Mike Harris' corrupt PC government in Ontario, who went on to be in the CPC. Ironic, and rather odd how many Albertans ignore Jason Kenney's blatant cheating to become premier of Alberta. The R.C.M.P are still investigating him. Already, the UCP has made over $13 billion in very costly mistakes. The UCP are repeating the fiscal recklessness of the Alberta PCs, after Peter Lougheed left office, and way faster. Pity most Albertans can't see this. They vote Conservative, because they are loyal to the name. If they were upset at the Conservative scandals, which exceed what others do, by a long shot, as much as they are infuriated with petty, or unproven scandals from elsewhere, Alberta would not be in the mess it is right now.
Simon Renouf
David, I live in Edmonton Centre, and I for one was not impressed by Randy Boissonnault's role in defending the PM in the Wilson-Raybould affair. In fairness, he wasn't going to get my vote anyway. Kudos to the efficient Edmonton Centre NDP campaign team: my Katherine Swampy lawn sign arrived at about 7:00 PM yesterday, the day the writ dropped.
Methinks that us Albertans would be better served by Ottawa if we changed up the game in Ottawa from time to time rather that the same old same old. As you say, A CPC PM has no need to try and win over votes here so are off the radar most of the time. Funny how conservative supporters here don't see that.
andrew struthers
Michael Kalmanovitch is the Green Party candidate in Edm Strathcona. I don't know what their local organization is like but he's a recognizable name thereby making him a "credible" candidate in the parlance of horse race election coverage.
Eleanor Olszewski is the Liberal candidate. And of course, a large chunk of the riding was represented provincially for many years by Liberal Hugh Macdonald.
Edm Strathcona is a riding where votes matter. If you are a resident consider yourself lucky.
Andy Marshall
Yes, and thanks to another Justin Trudeau failure — that is, not following up on promises to change our voting system, — plus the tsunami of mindless CPC tribalism elsewhere in Alberta, our "progressive" votes will, outside Edmonton Strathcona, count for squat. As an aside on the Lavalin affair, what always got up my nose more than the so-called obstruction issue, was the fact that the Deferred Prosecution Agreement idea that led to the scandal was buried in an omnibus bill — just like Steve's old Tories liked to do.
The reversal by Trudeau on electoral reform is one reason I will find it very hard to hold my nose and vote Liberal in my Calgary riding in October, even though they have a reasonable candidate (who ran for the NDP in a different riding than mine in the provincial election and did OK). I went to town halls, talked to the Minister (she was useless – Monsef ? Kept diverting discussion from the real issue), wrote letters and so on but to no avail.
But who to vote for ? The NDP does not even have a candidate yet, so maybe Green ? They have a veteran of many elections giving it another try.
The problem of course is I look at the 2015 election, and see that if half of the NDP or Green vote had gone Liberal in our riding, the quite likeable young Liberal candidate would have won. Although I disapprove of strategic voting on principle, I do have some regrets about campaigning for and voting NDP. And this problem will remain for all of us until we get electoral reform — to vote strategically or not ? to vote for candidate, party or leader ?
Strategic voting by Liberals and Greens would have given Edmonton Griesbach to the NDP las time, and by Greens and NDP would have given Calgary confederation to the Liberals. But I can't see any other riding where reasonable levels of such voting would have stopped a Conservative (say about 25 % of each party voting for the non-Conservative most likely to win – which is not always discernable pre-vote).
Patrick King
I hope you will pardon a tiny partisan intrusion in your comments section. I'm a long-time reader and the NDP candidate in Calgary Nose Hill. Here's my read on Alberta today.
The downturn from oil crash never really ended, people are suffering, the province turned to the politicians who shout loudest and longest about it. But the Premier's office doesn't come with a dial to crank up the price of oil. (Neither does the Prime Minister's office, for that matter.)
When the status quo fails ordinary folks, the centre hollows out, and we look further right and left for alternatives. Today the province is drifting rightward, and we know the cuts are coming, and that they'll land on working people and their families.
But this opens up an enormous opportunity on the left. Austerity and a prayer is not an economic plan, the global trends that pushed the price of oil so low are only going to continue, and we need to try something bolder. My job is to champion the future Albertans don't know they need yet. A new deal, a just transition, a retraining strategy, a clean energy jobs program. We need Albertans to imagine a different future actually coming to pass. And we need to do it before an explosion in electric vehicle sales punishes the price of oil even more.
Can Albertans lift their eyes from today's problem of missing pipeline capacity to tomorrow's problem: the decline of the oil age? That, I think, is our test. If the ballot question is pipeline capacity then it's a blue sweep. If the question is the viability of our industry, then people will look to an optimistic alternative.
Comments are always welcome. DJC
Jerrymacgp
Re the paucity of Liberal & NDP candidates, I think the reasons for these are disparate. For the federal NDP, not only did the campaign machine volunteer base shoot its bolt in April-May, trying to see if the Notley NDP could defy the polls and the "National Pundits Union" (I liked that, & got a chuckle out of it, by the way), but there is a lot of policy distance between Alberta New Democrats and their federal cousins on pipelines, and maybe there aren't all that many Alberta NDs willing to embrace that message on the federal hustings.
As for the Liberals, I read this quote in a CBC story https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/19-ridings-federal-parties-1.5278635: " … talented community leaders interested in becoming the Team Trudeau candidates…". "Team Trudeau"? I guess what they really mean, is willing victims of ostracism, vandalism, and perhaps assault and even worse. If there's a surname more hated in Oilbertastan than Mr Trudeau's, I'd be interested in knowing what that is. The hatred for our PM here on Grande Prairie is palpable, even if irrational, as evidenced by the prevalence of "F*ck Trudeau" or similar memes on vehicles and signs of every kind up here, and hearing the depth of contempt for him and all his works spewing from the mouths of almost anybody you talk to.
An NDP candidacy here would a recipe for disappointment, but a Liberal one is a poisoned chalice.
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We demonstrate the effective field theory (EFT) principle by approximating the coefficient of reflection resulting from a one-dimensional finite square barrier potential with a series of Dirac delta functions up to second order in derivative. The explicit conditions for energy, E, finite square barrier potential height, V0, and finite square barrier potential width, a, wherein the approximation is valid are provided. We show that the inclusion of the second order derivative with the Dirac delta function in the series improves the agreement of the result. Generally, at any order the agreement between the approximation and the exact result deteriorates as E or the dimensionless quantity V₀a increases. In addition, at a given E or V₀a value the agreement improves as the order increases. Our results suggest that a more accurate approximation will occur with the addition of further derivatives of the Dirac delta function to the approximating potential, which is in line with the underlying assumptions behind the use of EFTs.


Need Money For After School Supplies?
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On April 25th, Work-Family Resource Center hosted its 7th Annual Children's Champion Luncheon at the Forsyth Country Club.
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The keynote speaker for the event was Maurice "Mo" Greene, Executive Director of Z. Smith Reynolds Foundation. His comments centered around early education being the foundation and future of our community.
We would like to thank our sponsors, donors and attendees. WFRC raised $15,000 to support tour mission of enriching child care programs, engaging families and enhancing our community.
Learn why the recently passed senate budget is beneficial to early education.
The National After School Association is hosting an Out-of-School contest where you can win a $500.00 voucher for After School supplies from SSI Out-of-School. Register here.
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Gabe L. Newell closed the doors on his open Q&A 'AMA' session on Reddit yesterday around an hour after it began. Not through spite or for dodging too many Half-Life 3 questions, but simple because you need to have some cut-off to stop yourself from feeling the need to answer thousands of questions from people would like nothing more than to be your friend.
But what good came of session? Of course, we expected the board to see an influx of people asking mundane and downright silly questions in a vein attempt to get some kind of recognition from the man himself. But there was a lot of good to offset the bad, too; so lets see what insights he offered.
For one (or two), don't expect the Steam 'Flash Sale' to make a come-back. The platform once had a new deal pop up on a seemingly random game at a specific time each day. Gabe ultimately didn't like the idea of people missing a specific one and feeling like they got burned. And for those playing CS:GO, they're adding more servers all the time.
The greatest news, however, is that is seems J.J. Abrams meeting went well. Gabe confirmed two movies are in development based around the Half-Life/Portal universe. He, arguably, teased a new Left 4 Dead while confirming the studio is still making games and holds and interest in making a full-scale VR title. They're working on something with Source Engine 2.
And the best news of all? He recognises Portal 2 as the company's finest single-player game. The bad news? People ask him of the status of Half-Life 3 on the street. Stop that. Ask about Portal 3 instead.


When was the last time the word 'open' came up in your conversations about research communication?
In scholarly publishing, it's hard to go a day without saying 'open'. Some may refer to the research itself or data as open, while others refer to content business models or access to content.
Easier dissemination of, and access to, research publications is a long-standing want. A coordinated, community effort to solve the challenges of disseminating interdisciplinary research began with ERIC in 1959. Microfiche was state-of the-art technology when work began on feasibility studies. By 1966, 50 years ago, the first 12 clearing houses for document reproduction and dissemination were built and in operation.
Today, thankfully, technology has transformed research and research communications. Yet, with technology advances, there is a new scale of complexity. Demands for speed to publication and support for global collaboration create new challenges at scale. Between seven and nine million researchers are contributing to STM research today.
According to the recent UNESCO Science Report: Towards 2030, Global Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) was PPP $1.48 trillion in 2013 and as of 2014, world users of the internet are up 64 per cent since 2008. The report highlights the need to 'avoid the uncontrolled explosion of big data.' The advancement of science depends upon reproducibility and transparency of research findings. Imagine the complexities of adding data collected from global citizen scientists. Without protocols for data sharing and data governance, an overwhelming amount of information may be unusable.
The computing power required to use and store the data is just one aspect of scale. Linking data sets to research outputs, including multiple images and journal articles, also requires innovation. Fortunately, Google has solved the problem of search at scale – serving 3.5 billion daily! User behaviour data shows that Google and Google Scholar are the starting points for most searches for and access to research content.
In the technology sector, 'open' was popularised in the 1980s, mainly in the context of interoperability. Open platforms and open source solutions have supported research communications for many years, and are essential to future innovation to solve new challenges of scale. At scholarly communications conferences, 'interoperability' and 'research communications infrastructure' are becoming increasingly frequent conversation starters.
An open platform is a system that makes data available both to users and external systems, developed with open standards.
From telecommunications to research communications, platform sponsors choose the degree of openness they want to support. A goal of openness is to enable integration and interoperability. This interoperability is enabled by application programming interfaces (APIs) that build upon the system without changing it. The degree of openness signals the sponsor's invitation to collaborate across its ecosystem of users, developers, complementary, and even competitive organisations.
As an example, the HighWire Open Platform supports online content management, publication, and access. HighWire Press also offers a journal manuscript submission software solution, BenchPress. Publishers disseminating content on the HighWire Open Platform may use any manuscript submission system. Because the platform is built for interoperability, 'content ingestion' from any manuscript system is immediate and reliable, regardless of originating platform. Article metadata, essential to the future discoverability of the published work, also flows with the manuscript.
Amazon Web Services (AWS), another open platform, recently announced it has reduced costs to academic researchers. The powerful platform coupled with transparent, predictable economics will speed data analysis and data sharing to accelerate research timeframes. HighWire uses AWS for products such as Impact Vizor to benefit from the ability to scale smoothly in terms of speed and cost.
Open source is software created with source code freely available for modification or enhancement by developers. These changes are also made freely available, under license, so the benefits are available to the user community.
The results are standards-driven, community efforts based on transparency that provide stable and reliable solutions. People with motivation and skill who need to solve the same problem can all contribute to advance a better solution, no matter their professional affiliation or location. Platform sponsors must constantly consider where to add resources and how to prioritise the backlog of development ideas. A company working with an open platform can prioritise its own resources and also engage a wider community for support.
Drupal is open source software. With over one million participants, the Drupal community is among the largest developer communities in the world. Drupal offers a content management solution used by world-recognised publishers, universities, large news media outlets, including The Economist and BBC Worldwide, and government agencies such as data.gov.uk and whitehouse.gov. The Drupal community is built on principles of collaboration, accountability, globalism, and innovation. HighWire selected Drupal as the technology for the presentation layer, or web display, of its platform in 2009.
The scale of the Drupal developer community means vast libraries of 'modules' are proven and tested. This enables developers to respond faster to market demands. For example, in research communications, publishers want to optimise the speed of indexing new content by search engines to improve discoverability. XML Sitemaps help Google to do this faster. Instead of having to develop new code to pass XML Sitemap data to Google, developers at HighWire configured an existing Drupal module for 'robots.txt'. This quick solution can then be implemented repeatedly. It is used across HighWire's platform and other publishers using the Drupal module benefit.
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI), a standard persistent identifier for journal articles, has revolutionised the ability for computer systems to have conversations about a journal article. From pre-publication to post-publication, a journal article's DOI is a "key" for an API. Many systems use APIs referencing the DOI to enhance the information associated with that journal article. Innovators can solve problems and take advantage of new opportunities using open systems, APIs and persistent identifiers.
For example, DataCite provides DOIs develops and supports standards for persistent identifiers for data, so that systems can recognize the DOI as a data set and include appropriate metadata. This enables researchers to reference data sets and create citations to data. Other systems can link DOIs for data to DOIs of associated publications.
Today, innovation is accelerating to solve problems across the entire research communication workflow. Bianca Kramer and Jeroen Bosman, librarians at the Utrecht University, began a project to chart innovation in scholarly information and communication flows from evolutionary and network perspectives. Their work on '101 Innovations in Scholarly Communication' has uncovered 600 software solutions of varying scale. In the past three years, they have identified 250 technology solutions.
At that pace of innovation, technology interoperability becomes more beneficial to the larger ecosystem. Platform providers can integrate innovations that the community adopts to help these new approaches scale more quickly. Several publishers have recently mandated the use of ORCID iDs, persistent identifiers for individual researchers that can connect authors with their published research, regardless of changes to name or affiliation. The ORCID registry is on an open platform with open source and APIs to its registry of unique identifiers and they invite participation in the ORCID technical community. Today there are more than 2.2 million individuals with an ORCID iD.
Peer-review offers another current example. Open source solutions enable new approaches for discussion of research. Some publishers want to increase transparency of peer review. Others want to enable ongoing discussion and commentary on research. Open source solutions make it easier for developers to support these goals. Disqus, a discussion platform, can support ongoing conversations centred around newly published articles. Simply by configuring the platforms to work together, developers can support innovative approaches to post-publication peer review.
The Annotating All Knowledge coalition of scholarly publishers, libraries, and technology organizations, including HighWire, is advancing standards to integrate annotation and conversation on the web. Using open tools such as hypothes.is can support integration of commentary into peer review workflows. When scholars begin to use this innovative technology, new needs and applications will arise. An open approach will enable more rapid evolution across systems.
Talented software developers are in demand across all industry sectors. To scale for growth efficiently in the scholarly communications sector, finding a large talent pool of developers is essential.
HighWire recognized the need to plan for growth at a rapid scale when developing new web site solutions in 2008. When investing in any platform, tapping into a skilled talent pool is more efficient than training new hires. Open solutions and focus on community were compelling reasons to choose Drupal for web site development. More than that, the number of talented developers who were actively contributing and maintaining code to Drupal modules was an important consideration.
To increase speed to innovative solutions, HighWire is expanding its global development team, adding dozens of technology positions in Belfast, UK. There is a passionate community of Drupal engineers in Belfast and more who would like to build their career as developers in the community. There is strong competition for talented developers across all industry sectors. Solving for scale and attracting the best developers over the long term requires creativity. HighWire has made a multi-year commitment to run a training program, the HighWire Academy, with local partners SERC and the Northern Ireland Department of Employment and Learning.
This challenging training course focuses on Drupal, PHP, open source content management systems and Linux. The first five-week session was fully subscribed with 18 high caliber developers selected from over eighty applications. This investment in growing the talent pool is one way to contribute to a dynamic developer community, secure a highly trained talent pool ready to contribute new solutions and establish a center of excellence.
The need for easier dissemination of and access to research publications will continue to drive workflow and technology changes. New needs will arise to support global collaboration with the next generation of researchers. These "digital natives," who can't imagine working with microfiche, are used to sourcing solutions to their problems online and even coding their own solutions. As they begin their research programs, their approaches to workflows and use of technology will identify new ways of working, expectations, and needs. Open, interoperable technology solutions will help build a more responsive ecosystem that supports innovation in scholarly communication more quickly to bring it to a new scale.


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Q: Grid with Pyglet and GL_LINE_LOOP I'm trying to create a grid in pyglet using GL_LINE_LOOP. However, I'm having trouble with the sequence of vertices.
One Rectangle works fine:

When there are more than 1 col, it looks out of control:

Adding rows doesn't really create this problem. It's only when adding cols that things get wonky.
Here's my code generating the grid
 for row in range(self.rows):
    for col in range(self.cols):
        tL=(offsetX+col*self.spacingX, 0, offsetZ+row*self.spacingZ)
        tR=(offsetX+(col+1)*self.spacingX, 0, offsetZ+row*self.spacingZ)
        bL=(offsetX+col*self.spacingX, 0, offsetZ+(row+1)*self.spacingZ)
        bR=(offsetX+(col+1)*self.spacingX, 0, offsetZ+(row+1)*self.spacingZ)
        vertices = tL+tR+bR+bL
        color = (0.8,0.8,0.7)*(len(vertices)//3)
        self.Lines.add(len(vertices)//3,GL_LINE_LOOP, None,\
        ('v3f/static',vertices),('c3f/static',color)

I tried printing out the vertices for each row but all the sequences seem right (topRight-topLeft-btmLeft-btmRight), and I'm stuck.

A: You will get odd artifacts when using GL_LINE_LOOP or GL_TRIANGLE_FAN unless you use it for it's original intent, and that is to create one object.
When you try to mash multiple "objects" into one big structure using the same vertice list object (two mentioned above) they will most likely create "connecting lines" whether you want it or not. This is because they expect to at some point attach to the original source.
I've only glanced at your math here, and I have no coordinates to try with.
But it looks like you're not drawing them based on the principle that they will always connect to the last known coordinate?
This is GL_LINE_LOOP:

First option:
With this in mind, that your big square setup is actually one gigantic big connected object, you could solve it by doing this:

Second option (separate by batch):
self.Lines = {}
self.Lines[0] = pyglet.graphics.Batch()
self.Lines[1] = pyglet.graphics.Batch()

And for each square (you should have four), you'd have to do:
self.Lines[square_ID].add(...)

Third option (invoke glBegin):
    glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP)
    glVertex2f(x1, y1)
    glVertex2f(x2, y2)
    ...
    glEnd()

for each square you'd wish to draw up.
Final (and best solution, use GL_QUADS):
c = (255, 255, 255, 128)

window_corners = [
    (bottom_left[0], bottom_left[1], c),    # bottom left
    (top_left[0], top_left[1], c),          # top left
    (top_right[0], top_right[1], c),        # top right
    (bottom_right[0], bottom_right[1], c)   # bottom right
]

box_vl = self.pixels_to_vertexlist(window_corners)
box_vl.draw(pyglet.gl.GL_QUADS)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Scars, whether large or small can be devastating to your self-esteem. In the past surgical removal of scars was the only option. Of course that may improve a scar but you are left with a new surgical scar.
Lasers, and some forward thinking investigators have given us more options. Think of scars as a result of the body trying to heal a wound as quickly and efficiently as possible. Sometimes this results in a "normal" although visible scar. Sometimes the scar is "hypertrophic" meaning it is thick and ropey. Other times the scar is thin and delicate, stretch marks are usually the type of scar known as "atrophic". Rarely does it result in a keloid which is serious medical condition because these scars can increase in size for many years after the initial injury.
Fraxel laser resurfacing is very successful in treating atrophic scars and stretch marks. CO2 laser resurfacing goes deeper and can vaporize the thick, raised scars.
In either case there is usually the need for multiple treatments. Early (as soon as 3 weeks after the injury) laser treatment shows the most promise.


As a professional web app pentester, you must conduct yourself and your activities in an organized and professional manner. This is extremely important since your activities are virtually indistinguishable from a real attacker. The name of the game is to protect yourself! Key components of pentesting best practices are: - Gain written permission about what, how, and when things will be tested. - Create documentation that records the tests such as output from wireshark and tcpdump along with logs about what you did. - Build reports about what was discovered and how to fix vulnerabilities. - Establish a good working relationship with other departments to stave off any potential misunderstandings during testing.