text:
Pictorial signification through praxis: an investigation into the visual fiction of American photorealism (1967-1977)
Riley, Kirsten Helene Frances (2011) Pictorial signification through praxis: an investigation into the visual fiction of American photorealism (1967-1977). PhD thesis, University of Glasgow.
Due to Embargo and/or Third Party Copyright restrictions, this thesis is not available in this service.
Photorealism was a movement which focused on meticulously reproducing the quotidian photograph on a large scale. Despite its popularity from between 1967-1977, it was often considered by critics to be vacuous and anachronistic. This was due to several factors, most significant of which were its focus on the outmoded practice of pictorial realism, the banality of its subjects and its apparent plagiaristic approach to the photograph-as-source. This neutral and cool aesthetic was misunderstood as superficial and served to render the movement the very antithesis of aesthetic creativity.
This thesis seeks to reconsider such apparent objectivity in Photorealist painting by presenting a semiotic reading of Photorealist practice that will form the basis of the central argument in this thesis. This argument posits that there are evidential layers of signification embedded within the making of a Photorealist work which enact perceptual, conventional and historical conditions that deny the project of visual neutrality. This argument will prove that Photorealism was not a clear continuation of traditional pictorial realism, but a more conceptual movement which questioned conceptions of the phenomenological real. It will also show how, in Photorealism's transmutation of the photographic aesthetic, it instigated the development of a hybrid visual language – a 'route to meaning' – which served to occupy the vacant space between the painting and the photograph.
To reveal the development of such a language, and its inherently subjectivist foundations, I will inquire into the Photorealist painting from its very beginnings – from perceptual conception to conclusion – within the realm of the artist. The methodology for such an inquiry will involve the development and application of a heuristic model, informed by a semiotic approach, which will show how reality in Photorealism is mediated and transformed in the process of (re)-presenting the photograph. This model will categorise the key stages of activity and influence in the Photorealist process, showing at each stage how visual language is engendered and compounded. By adopting such an approach this thesis will show that Photorealist paintings, contrary to much criticism, managed to establish a unique and significant manner of depicting the real that is now worthy of contemporary reappraisal.
Due to copyright restrictions the full text of this thesis cannot be made available online. Access to the printed version is available.
art history, realism, representation, photography, semiotics visual language, American art, Photorealism
N Fine Arts > N Visual arts (General) For photography, see TR
B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BH Aesthetics
College of Arts > School of Culture and Creative Arts > History of Art
Paterson, Dr. D. and Hopkins, Prof. D.
Ms Kirsten Riley


Third Age 2628 (abbreviated to T.A. 2628) is the 2628th year of the Sun of the Third Age of Middle-earth. Third Age 2628 was also known as S.R. 1028 in Shire-reckoning.
Birth of Arassuil, son of Chieftain Arahad II.
Belecthor I, son of Húrin II, becomes the fifteenth Ruling Steward.
This page was last modified on 6 November 2014, at 22:26.


At one point most of us have been looking for ways on how to be completely acne-free. Here are some natural and not so natural acne treatments that are confirmed to be effective.
This astringent comes from the plant with the same name. It is widely spread from Nova Scotia in Canada down to Texas and Florida. Just steam the twigs of this plant and voila! The extract you get from it serves as your astringent. Be sure you great it though. What's great about this is normally that it occurs normally and even the procedure it has undergone is normally all natural. You will be assured it really is less harsh weighed against commercially-produced astringents.
There is absolutely no doubt that astringents we are able to buy over-the-counter are also effective. There are various variants to pick from with additional things that promote better epidermis. The only downside could it be could be a little severe due to the chemicals put into produce this formula. Utilize them with extra treatment because they can dry your skin.
Kitchen and pimples are two enemies we might not be familiar with. Scout your kitchen for things like oranges and lemons, clean garlic and raw potatoes.
– Oranges and lemons simply need to end up being squeezed on cotton balls. Apply the extract on afflicted areas and clean it after about 20 minutes.
– Fresh garlic is utilized much easier. Simply remove its peeling and rub it on your own face.
– For raw potatoes, peel them and rub its flat work surface on your face.
The natural extracts from these vegetables and fruit might help minimize the redness simultaneously can clean your skin.
For extreme instances, antibiotics are prescribed. These medicines are orally taken up to reduce the quantity of bacteria inside and around pores and skin follicles. They also reduce the exasperating chemical substances that the white bloodstream cells produce. Finally, antibiotics diminish the focus of the free essential fatty acids within sebum, also creating an anti-inflammatory action. Check with your dermatologist for the proper antibiotic and dosage.
Tetracycline continues to be the most commonly recommended antibiotic for pimples treatment. The majority of this antibiotic ought to be taken on a clear abdomen. Also, this shouldn't become employed by women that are pregnant and children under 9. Usually, the starting dosage is at first 500 milligrams twice daily and is continually taken until recommended, or until a significant dropping from lesions is visible.


On the 3rd and 4th April, 75 motivated members of the sailing community attended an Ocean Changemakers' workshop run by ocean advocate Emily Penn at OneOcean Port Vell. Crew from Awatea, Odessa, Alfa Nero, Triple 777, Titan, Elixir, Burkut, S, and Jaguar joined industry professionals from Y.CO, Evolution Yachts and MB92.
After an introduction to the issue from Emily, the group was encouraged to have an open and collaborative conversation around the subject. Everything from refusing single-use plastic to choosing different materials for uniforms was discussed, utilising the interests and skills of each of the people in the room.
The day also included a 'Waste Art Project' competition, where attendees created art from items collected on a beach clean earlier in the day.
This Ocean Changemakers' workshop was held in partnership with 11th Hour Racing.


So, I'm trying to download Reshader for The Sims 4, but when I try to install the archive it tells me that it cannot create a secure SSL/TLS channel. I was told to try running the setup as administrator, but that didn't work, either. If I say "no" to downloading the archive, then it tells me that installation was successful - but then I don't have any of the shaders or textures, so that doesn't really help me. Does anyone have any advice to help solve this problem?
You can download the shaders manually from github (the link is on the front page where you download the latest ReShade from). Just pop them in a reshade-shaders folder and specify the paths in the settings part of the UI.


text:
Socrata and New York City Ring In New Year with Open Checkbook Collaboration
by OpenView || 01/06/2014
Socrata (www.socrata.com), a Seattle-based cloud software company focused exclusively on democratizing access to government data, today announced a partnership with New York City to make it dramatically easier and more cost effective for cities, counties and states to transparently disseminate their spending data.
Inspired by New York City's award-winning Checkbook NYC financial transparency application (www.checkbooknyc.com), Socrata will enhance its Open Checkbook application to incorporate Checkbook NYC's user interface look and feel and its functionality, offering the solution as an easy-to-implement, turnkey, software-as-a-service (SaaS). The new application will be offered as Socrata Open Spending, Inspired by Checkbook NYC.
The new Socrata Open Spending, Inspired by Checkbook NYC application will be one of the featured applications available in Socrata's forthcoming Civic App Store, a marketplace of open data applications developed by Socrata, Socrata's government customers and third-party civic application developers.
Checkbook NYC, initially launched in June of 2010 by the Office of New York City Comptroller John C. Liu, provides unprecedented access to track how the government of New York City spends its $70 billion annual budget. It is widely considered one of the best financial transparency applications in the country.
In January of this year, a comprehensive national study, conducted by the United States Public Interest Research Group, titled "Transparency in City Spending: Rating the Availability of Online Government Data in America's Largest Cities," ranked New York City's Checkbook NYC transparency website in the top spot out of 30 cities. In November, Checkbook NYC was named "Best External Application" by Government Technology magazine at the 2013 Best of New York City Awards.
And, while New York City's finances have been available online since 2010, the Office of New York City Comptroller John C. Liu and Socrata are now teaming up to offer the capabilities of Checkbook NYC to municipal, city, county, regional and state governments around the world.
"Checkbook NYC is a transformational app that is truly democratizing citizen and journalist access to the finances of one of the world's greatest and most innovative cities," says Socrata CEO and Founder Kevin Merritt. "The goal of the new Socrata Open Spending, Inspired by Checkbook NYC application, is to offer what New York City created at scale, across Socrata's global cloud infrastructure, atop Socrata's open data platform and Socrata Open Data API."
"We are excited to collaborate with Socrata, the leading data transparency company for governments, on standardizing the financial data formats and APIs used by as Socrata Open Spending, Inspired by Checkbook NYC. From day one, our dream with Checkbook NYC has been to inspire other governments to become more financially transparent so that taxpayers know how their hard-earned money is being spent and that researchers, policy experts, and entrepreneurs can access the information they need to improve people's lives," says New York City Deputy Comptroller Ari Hoffnung. "New York City's partnership with Socrata will help make this dream a reality."
New York City and Socrata are committed to supporting the open data developer community and its vital role in civic innovation, as well as the open data movement globally. All of the data made available through the Socrata Open Spending, Inspired by Checkbook NYC user interface will also be available via open, standards-based, machine-readable application programming interfaces (APIs) so that third-party developers can build applications that programmatically incorporate government financial data. Socrata and New York City will further collaborate on standard, open data formats for the financial data made available through the application.
About Socrata
Socrata is the cloud software company focused exclusively on democratizing access to government data. Its solutions help government leaders improve transparency, modernize citizen access to information and bring facts into every decision, with unprecedented speed and cost savings. Delivered as turnkey cloud services, Socrata's data consumerization products unlock data in enterprise silos and transform it into useful information that everyone can easily access, visualize, share and reuse.
To learn more about Socrata, visit www.socrata.com or follow us on Twitter @socrata
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Frequently Asked Questions - Part 3
The Flags Of The World FAQ
Keywords: faq | frequently asked questions | fotw |
What does this word mean?
What do these abbreviations mean?
Why are these flags similar?
What is the correct dimensions for a flag?
How do you display a flag vertically?
How do you hang a flag at half mast?
Why do you show this flag?
Where can I buy this flag?
How much is this flag worth?
Why is the flag missing the coat of arms?
What was the earliest flag?
What is the most popular colour in all the world's flags?
Questions about the US flag.
Questions about the UK flag.
Questions about other flags.
Identification of flags based on description.
When will I see my contribution on FOTW?
The Flags of the World FAQ - Part 3
(American English language version)
last updated 24 April 1998
written and compiled by Steve Kramer [scooter@otd.com]
The following document is an attempt to answer the most common questions a layman might have about the field of vexillology, the academic study of flags. There's no attempt to provide a scrupulously complete answer to every question one might have, but instead give the reader a simple answer to a simple question, as well as provide some background information from which to research further. As such, reading the entire document through should provide an introduction to the field.
The source for all of this information is the Flags of the World Internet mailing list, an ongoing discussion by an international group of vexillologists and vexillophiles using the medium of the Internet. Some members gained the information through books or similar sources; others learned through direct observation or their own research. As such, it is hard to pin exact bibliographical sources on many of the answers. A polite request for sources to the List, at raeside@acadiau.ca, will usually get you something more definitive for use in serious research.
The first and second section deal with the terminology and abbreviations used in the discussion of vexillology; thus, it can be referred to at any time you find it hard to understand a particular bit of jargon. The third section deals with a special topic: "families" of flags, created by one flag designs influence on another. If your question is of the variety, "Why are these two flags so much alike?", this section may provide your answer. The final section answers specific questions about flags, flag protocol, and vexillology, with sub-sections that deal in depth with the flags that draw the most questions: the Stars & Stripes of the U.S., and the Union Jack of the United Kingdom.
B. Questions about the Flag of the United States
Who designed the U.S. flag?
A cherished U.S. legend states that a Philadelphia seamstress named Betsy Ross designed the first "Continental Colors" (the first U.S. flag with a union of stars rather than a design containing the pre-1801 Union Jack). However, the designer was more than likely Francis Hopkinson of New Jersey, a signer of the Declaration of Independence and later member of the House of Representatives. He probably designed the flag in late 1776 or early 1777 while serving on the Continental Navy Board. There was some dispute as to whether he was the only designer, but the journals of the contemporary Congress list his name and no other.
The designer of the current 50-star flag is Robert G. Heft, mayor of the town of Napoleon, Ohio. Mr. Heft designed the flag while in high school and submitted the design to Congress, where it was approved in 1959.
Which star or stripe on the U.S. flag stands for my state?
Congress has stated that no star or stripe stands for a specific state -- just that there should be 13 stripes, and as many stars as there are states.
What is the penalty for burning the U.S. flag?
The U.S. Flag Code (title 4, United States Code, sections 5 to 10) does not have the force of law, therefore there are no penalties other than those which would be imposed for burning a piece of cloth in a public place. Further, the Supreme Court declared the statutes containing criminal penalties for U.S. flag desecration un-Constitutional in 1989 and 1990. However, there has been discussion in recent times of an Amendment to the Constitution specifically prohibiting this practice. The Flag Code does state that burning is the preferred method of disposal for a dishonored flag (one too tattered or soiled to be displayed), so even if such an Amendment were to be passed, it is likely that there would still be no penalty in such a case.
What are the official colours of the US flag?
The official specification for federal procurements of US flags is set by the General Services Administration. It is DDD-F-416E, and it sets the color specifications by reference to the Standard Color Card of America. This is a color system designed for textile use-- appropriate, since flags are made of cloth! The specifications are:
red= Cable No. 70180 (Old Glory red)
white= Cable No. 70001 (White)
blue= Cable No. 70075 (Old Glory blue)
Various sources give different Pantone equivalencies for these colors. The most plausibly authoritative are those provided on miscellaneous American Embassy websites, including American Embassy London. It gives the red as PMS 193 and the blue as PMS 282. On the other hand, Texas state law says the Texas state flag has the same colors as the US flag, and that they are red PMS193 and blue PMS281. It should be noted that flags produced other than for the executive branch of the government are not bound by any of this.
Joe McMillan, 20 September 2001
Why is the U.S. flag the only one not dipped at the Olympics?
Again, from the U.S. Flag Code: "No disrespect should be shown to the flag of the United States of America; the flag should not be dipped to any person or thing. Regimental colors, State flags, and organization or institutional flags are to be dipped as a mark of honor."
Please see our page about Olympic flag questions for more on this topic.
Where is the U.S. flag flown 24 hours a day by law?
Please see our page on this topic in the US section.
Where is the US flag never flown at half-mast?
We have been asked this question many times. So far we have only come up with two possible places:
At the UN headquarters, New York: when the UN flag is flown at half-mast at UN HQ or elsewhere, no national flags are displayed at all. Joe McMillan, 9 Febraury 2001
On the Moon - no one has been there to lower it!
There appears to be an urban legend that the flag is never flown at half-mast at the Alamo, Pearl Harbor, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Betsy Ross's home, and on the Moon. We have confirmed that this is an untrue legend (except for the Moon!)
The White House flies at half mast the same times as the rest of the federal government.
Joe McMillan, 10 February 2001
Concerning the Arlington Cemetery, apart from being lowered for the usual national mourning, it flies at half mast for each funeral conducted, as provided by Army regulations on conduct of funerals. In practice, that means its at half mast (staff) from about 9:00 a.m. until 5:00 p.m. every day, Monday through Friday, because of the number of burials that are conducted there. I see this flag virtually every day on the way to work and going to and from meetings around the Washington area.
There is a separate flagpole behind (southwest of) the amphitheater at the Tomb of the Unknowns. But the flag on it is flown at halfmast only while funerals are being conducted in the cemetery (i.e., most of the day on weekdays). At other times, such as weekends and holidays, it is flown full up.
Joe McMillan, 16 April 2001
The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is at the Arlington Cemetery, and there is only one flagpole.
Photos of the USS Arizona Battleship Memorial show the flag full up except on Pearl Harbor Day, Memorial Day, etc.
Regarding the US Flag at Half-Staff at both the Betsy Ross House and The Alamo I can report that they both half staff their flags. I called both locations to confirm this.
Jim Ferrigan, 25 June 2002
Is there anywhere that the US flag is always flown at half-mast?
To my knowledge, there is nowhere in the United States where the flag is constantly flown at half-mast. Even on Memorial Day, as I recall from my old boy scout days it is considered correct to raise the flag to full mast at noon (but I'm not 100 percent sure about that).
Lane Startin, 14 February 2001
Concerning memorial sites, see the question "Where is the flag never flown at half-mast?"
Does a fringe or a spearhead finial (flagstaff ornament) on the U.S. flag indicate that the country or justice system is under martial law or a "one-world" government?
Some Americans with a particular ideological slant cite an impressive list of federal laws, executive orders, and U.S. Army regulations having to do with the U.S. flag, and theorize that if these are not followed exactly, it is an indicator that the institution displaying the flag is directly or indirectly part of an anti-U.S. movement or conspiracy, or that martial law has been secretly imposed. This is, of course, not the case.
The general law binding concerning the U.S. flag is in title 4, sections 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 of United States Code. Section 1 states, "The flag of the United States shall be thirteen horizontal stripes, alternate red and white; and the union of the flag shall be forty-eight stars, white in a blue field." Section 2 states, "On the admission of a new State into the Union one star shall be added to the union of the flag; and such addition shall take effect on the fourth day of July then succeeding such admission." Sections 5 to 10 contain what is known as the Flag Code. Fringes, cords and tassels, and other ornaments are not mentioned in the Flag Code, and they be added without changing the flag into something other than a U.S. flag.
Presidential Executive Order 10834 of August 21, 1959, sections 1 to 3, gives the specific design for the U.S. flag, including proportions (10:19), size of the stars, arrangement of the stars, and so on. In the Flag Code, Congress recognizes the specific design by stating, "The flag of the United States for the purpose of this chapter shall be defined according to sections 1 and 2 of this title [4 of the United States Code] and Executive Order 10834 issued pursuant thereto." Sections 21 to 25 (note: there are no sections 4 to 20) of Executive Order 10834 allow executive agencies, including the military, to purchase and use flags that differ in dimension from the specific design established in sections 1 to 3. Neither Congress nor the President have prohibited flag manufacturers from making and selling U.S. flags that differ from the specific design, and in fact few U.S. flags made and sold in the U.S. follow the specific design.
U.S. Army Regulations 260-10 and 840-10 do, in fact, detail a great many specifications about the display of the flag, such as when fringes are to be used, what finial should be used at a recruiting station or a court-martial, and so on. U.S. Army Regulations go into great deal of detail on just about every subject imaginable. This does not mean that they are binding on civilians or the civilian courts, nor does it mean that if a civilian institution follows one of these regulations that it suddenly becomes a military institution.
Is the Flag of Texas the only state flag permitted to fly at the same height as the U.S. flag?
There is no prohibition in the U.S. Flag Code against any state -- nor any city, county, or government -- raising its flag to the same height as the U.S. flag. The prohibitions are that no flag should fly *above* the U.S. flag and that in the United States, the U.S. flag should have the position of honor, usually on the viewer's left. It is believed that under strict interpretation of Texas law, the flag of Texas has the place of honor next to the U.S. flag, which means it should be raised ahead of other nations' flags. This practice is not fully accepted in international etiquette, but it is also not a question of height.
Is it true that in times of war, the U.S. (or the U.S. Armed Forces) flies a special version of the Flag with the canton resting on a red stripe (the "war stripe")?
No. This theory was originally advanced by the Mastai family, who cited the original "Star-Spangled Banner" which flew over Fort McHenry as an example. A few cavalry flags of the 19th Century were also made in this fashion. In all cases, they appear to have been made as variants, and not as the result of an official policy.
What is in the "ball cap" on top of a flagpole flying the U.S. flag?
Nothing. There is a persistent rumor left over from the Cold War that the "ball"-type finials atop poles flying U.S. flags contain a razor or similar instrument, so that the U.S. flag may be destroyed in the event of a successful enemy attack to prevent its capture by the enemy. No evidence for this has ever been found. It's just a legend.
C. Questions about the Flag of the United Kingdom
What is the national flag of the U.K.?
There is no official national flag on land for the United Kingdom. The government has stated that there is no objection to subjects using the Union Jack on land, so it has become the de facto national flag. At sea, there are three official national flags at sea, the white, red and blue ensigns. The Union Jack is reserved at sea for specific, military uses; civilian ships should fly the Red Ensign, a red flag with the Union Jack in the canton.
What crosses make up the Union Jack?
The Union Jack is made up of the Crosses of St. George (representing England), St. Andrew (Scotland), and St. Patrick (Northern Ireland). St. George's and St. Andrew's were ordered amalgamated by James I for use by His Majesty's subjects at sea in 1606, though the exact design was never fixed. St. Patrick's, a red saltire on white, was added and the design was finally standardized in 1801. Wales is a Principality and is therefore not represented on the flag.
What is the proper name of the "Union Jack"?
If it is flying as a jack from a ship of the Royal Navy, it is properly termed the "Union Jack". In all uses *on land*, however, it is properly called the "Union Flag". Since the general public calls it "Union Jack" no matter where it is, that is how it will be termed in this FAQ list.
Why is the red cross inside the white one on the Union Jack off-centered? Is it possible to fly a Union Jack upside-down?
A brief explanation: the "X" portion of the Union Jack is a combination of the Cross of St. Patrick (the red one) and the Cross of St. Andrew (the white one), plus a white fimbriation added on either side. St. Andrew's is on the right in every quarter (as you turn the flag clockwise) due to a rule of heraldry giving Scotland a position of precedence (on the right) over Northern Ireland as the more senior member of the United Kingdom. Thus, the flag is not symmetrical, and it is possible to hoist upside-down. British Scout troops are taught to look at the first quarter of the flag (in the upper hoist) and think "White on right!" in order to make sure it's raised correctly.
Why didn't Buckingham Palace fly the Union Jack until recently?
The Palace is the Queen's personal residence and as such she may fly any flags she wishes. Up until now, the Palace has flown only the Royal Standard, and only then when the Queen is in residence. It was decided that the Palace (and the Queen's other residences, except for Windsor Castle, which is technically a British fort and thus flew the Union Jack already) would fly the Union Jack in order to express a greater measure of solidarity with the people of Britain.
Why wasn't the Queen's Standard lowered to half-mast when Diana, Princess of Wales, died?
The Queen's (or King's) Standard is never lowered to half-staff, even upon the death of the Queen, so long as there remains someone to succeed to the throne. To do so would signify the end of the Monarchy. To express the grief of the Royal Family, Buckingham Palace hoisted the Union Jack at half-staff (though a "junior official" did commit a breach of protocol by briefly lowering the Standard to half-staff instead).
I've just seen a flag with the Union Jack in one corner. What was it?
The U.K. has three ensigns with roughly the same design. The Red Ensign was mentioned above. The Blue Ensign is the same design with a blue field, and the White Ensign is white with a red St. George's Cross and a Union Jack in the canton. Undefaced, the Red Ensign serves as the civil ensign, the Blue is the state ensign (but may be worn by civilian ships which meet certain criteria), and the White is the war ensign. Frequently, these flags are seen with some sort of badge in the fly, and these are so numerous as to be impossible to list here. Blue Ensigns are seen defaced most often; they are used for governmental departments, official maritime organizations, and colonial or former colonial administrations. The flags of Australia and New Zealand are defaced Blue Ensigns.
D. Questions about other flags
Do the points on the maple leaf of Canada's flag signify anything?
There's been some speculation that the eleven points on the maple leaf on the flag of Canada, nine above and two below, stood in some way for the number of provinces and territories in Canada. This is not the case as Canada has *ten* provinces and three territories, and even when the flag was adopted in 1965, had ten provinces and two territories. Others have speculated the 11 points represent 10 provinces and one country, but again, this is only rumour. The points on the maple leaf are simply the points on a idealised maple leaf.
Do the Canadian $5 and $10 bills show the Houses of Parliament in Ottawa flying the Stars and Stripes?
No, that's the Canadian Red Ensign, the flag of Canada before 1965.
What does the Arabic writing say on the flags of Sa'udi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, and others?
Calligraphy is an important art form in many Islamic countries, and some of them literally spell out their faith in Islam on their flag. Sa'udi Arabia and Afghanistan both bear the shahada, the affirmation of the Muslim faith: "There is no God but Allah, and Mohammad is His prophet." Another common phrase is Allah akbar, or "Allah is great," which is written in between the stars of the Iraqi flag, and in between the stripes on the Iranian flag 22 times, to commemorate the 22nd day of the month when the Islamic Revolution took place.
What is the correct shade of blue on the flag of Sweden? of the Bahamas?
Depictions of the Swedish flag show a huge degree of variation in the shade of blue used. According to information from the Swedish government, the correct shade is "light medium blue" (B-, in the Flag Information Code, is closest), slightly darker than the blue used in the United Nations flag. Similarly, the Bahamanian flag is typically incorrectly shown with basic blue stripes. The stripes should be blue-green (B- is again probably closest, but the color is unique), as the designer meant for them to match the exact color of the coastal waters around the islands.
Who developed the Rainbow Flag, and why are there only six stripes?
The Rainbow Flag was designed in 1978 by Gilbert Baker, a San Francisco artist, in response to a local activist's call for a symbol for the homosexual community. The design may have been influenced by flags with multicolored stripes used by various left-wing causes and organizations in the San Francisco area in the 1960s. The Rainbow Flag originally had eight stripes (from top to bottom: hot pink for sex, red for life, orange for healing, yellow for sun, green for serenity with nature, turquoise for art, indigo for harmony, and violet for spirit). Handmade versions of this flag were flown in the 1978 Gay Freedom Day Parade. After the November 1978 assassination of San Francisco Mayor George Moscone and openly gay Supervisor Harvey Milk and the subsequent lenient sentence given to their killer, former Supervisor Dan White, the Rainbow Flag began to be used in San Francisco as a general symbol of the gay community. San Francisco-based Paramount Flag Co. began selling seven-striped (top to bottom: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet) flags from its Polk Street retail store, which was located in a large gay neighborhood. These flags were surplus stock which had originally been made for the Rainbow Girls, a Masonic organization for young women. When Baker approached Paramount to make flags for the 1979 Gay Freedom Day Parade, Paramount informed Baker that fabric for hot pink was not available for mass production, and Baker dropped the hot pink stripe. Baker also asked Paramount to make vertical banners that would be split and displayed from the angular double bars of the old-style lamp posts on Market Street. Baker and Paramount's vice president Ken Hughes agreed to drop the hot pink and turquoise stripes and replace the indigo stripe with royal blue--resulting in three stripes on one side of the lamp post and three on the other. Eventually, the Rainbow Flag evolved into a standard six-stripe form (from top to bottom: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet).
Wasn't there a European Union flag with 15 stars? Why does the EU flag have only twelve stars when the Council of Europe, whose flag was adopted by the EU, began with 15 members in 1953?
The flag of the Council of Europe, which was indeed later adopted by the EU, the European Movement, and other groups as a sign of pan-Europeanism, has always had 12 stars. The number of stars does not change, no matter how many member nations join. A British pro-European group once published a pamphlet explaining that the original proposal before the Council of Europe had 15 stars, one for each member. Germany objected, however, as one of the stars would then have represented the Saarland, a separate member of the Council but a region over which Germany claimed sovereignty. This left 14 stars, a number to which France objected precisely because it implied German sovereignty over the Saarland. The Council rejected 13 stars for reasons of superstition, and eventually settled on twelve.
E. Identification of Flags Based on Description
We receive questions on many flags based on their description. If your question roughly resembles "What flag is that?", you may wish to browse through the following descriptions of some often asked-about flags. See the section on Terminology if you are confused by some of the verbal descriptions.
Red, with a white stripe from upper hoist to lower fly. Usually square.
This is the "diver down" flag, flown from a ship to indicate that there is a diver below. Also flown from dive shops and by diving enthusiasts.
British Union Jack in the canton; eight red, white, and blue stripes in the fly.
This is the state flag of Hawaii (United States). It was designed to appeal to the British and Americans, the two imperial powers in the region at the time.
Continued on faq4.html


As the Technical Support Manager, Chad Bouley has many roles and is involved in every aspect of the software lifecycle. One day you may find him developing database objects for a new version of the ENSUR software, and the next you may see him putting together custom reports. He and his team are responsible for solving any technical issues that may arise, both internally and client-based. If that wasn't enough, Chad also oversees the execution of the professional services offered by DocXellent, including data migrations and any custom database development.
Chad is well-suited for the technical support manager role because he thrives on discovering how things work. He is his happiest when he can see a problem and solve it efficiently. Since Chad would rather be reliant on his own knowledge over someone else's, he will often reverse engineer a problem to come up with the solution. His efficiency has earned him the nickname, "The Prince Among Men", around the office, borrowed directly from a client's feedback.
Since college, Chad has had an interest in computers and how they work; however, he ended up getting a degree in Marketing from UCONN. After graduation, he started with Daticon, and has now been in the technology industry for over 20 years. Chad took a break from Daticon for a few months to do pharmacy claims auditing for Ingenix but went back to Daticon (known as DTI at that point) to pursue data analysis and management opportunities.
In 2015, Chad joined the DocXellent family, and he has never looked back. He loves getting to work with such exemplary people, and he values the work ethic and insights of everyone around him. Additionally, he is impressed with the fact that DocXellent lets employees put their families first. They recognize that he goes to work every day for his family, and they are understanding when any of life's unpredictable situations arise. In fact, he loves working here so much, he encouraged his wife to work here, too.
Throughout his three years at DocXellent, Chad has provided the team with many valuable contributions. But one of his major accomplishments has been helping one of our largest clients migrate over 100,000 documents from their XML format into the ENSUR system, while also completing side projects for the development team. He took the project and ran with it, creating a huge success for him and for the company.
When he's not at the office, Chad's focus is spending time with his daughter and wife and, (much to her dismay), playing Hearthstone, a virtual trading card game. He also loves to tell everyone he meets about how amazing intermittent fasting is.
Chad is proud to be a part of the DocXellent team and especially appreciates how he is able to use his creativity. He comes to work every day feeling empowered, knowing that he can speak up and contribute and will be met with respect and appreciation. Throughout the day, Chad is always looking for ways to improve DocXellent's processes so our offerings continue to be the best on the market.


text:
package org.jboss.hal.client.skeleton;

import elemental2.dom.HTMLElement;
import org.jboss.gwt.elemento.core.Elements;
import org.jboss.gwt.elemento.core.IsElement;
import org.jboss.hal.resources.Resources;
import org.jboss.hal.spi.Message;

import static org.jboss.gwt.elemento.core.Elements.a;
import static org.jboss.gwt.elemento.core.Elements.button;
import static org.jboss.gwt.elemento.core.Elements.span;
import static org.jboss.gwt.elemento.core.EventType.bind;
import static org.jboss.gwt.elemento.core.EventType.click;
import static org.jboss.hal.resources.CSS.*;
import static org.jboss.hal.resources.UIConstants.*;

/** A message inside the {@link ToastNotifications} element. */
class ToastNotificationElement implements IsElement {

    private final HTMLElement root;

    ToastNotificationElement(ToastNotifications toastNotifications, Message message, Resources resources) {
        String[] cssIcon = cssIcon(message.getLevel());
        root = Elements.div().css(alert, cssIcon[0]).element();
        root.appendChild(button()
                .css(close)
                .aria(HIDDEN, TRUE)
                .aria(LABEL, "Close")
                .data(DISMISS, ALERT)
                .on(click, event -> toastNotifications.close(message))
                .add(span().css(pfIcon(close))).element());
        root.appendChild(span().css(pfIcon(cssIcon[1])).element());
        root.appendChild(span().innerHtml(message.getMessage()).element());
        if (message.hasAction() || message.getDetails() != null) {
            HTMLElement a;
            root.appendChild(span().css(marginLeft5)
                    .add(a = a()
                            .css(clickable, alertLink)
                            .data(DISMISS, ALERT).element()).element());
            if (message.hasAction()) {
                a.textContent = message.getActionTitle();
                bind(a, click, event -> message.getCallback().execute());
            } else {
                a.textContent = resources.constants().details();
                bind(a, click, event -> showMessage(message));
            }
        }
    }

    private void showMessage(Message message) {
        new ToastNotificationDialog(message).show();
    }

    @Override
    public HTMLElement element() {
        return root;
    }

    static String[] cssIcon(Message.Level level) {
        String css = "";
        String icon = "";
        switch (level) {
            case ERROR:
                css = alertDanger;
                icon = errorCircleO;
                break;
            case WARNING:
                css = alertWarning;
                icon = warningTriangleO;
                break;
            case INFO:
                css = alertInfo;
                icon = info;
                break;
            case SUCCESS:
                css = alertSuccess;
                icon = ok;
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        return new String[]{css + " " + alertDismissable, icon};
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Kyle Lohse to sign with Brewers
By The Sports Xchange
Posted: March 25, 2013 5:19 PM
by By The Sports Xchange
MILWAUKEE — CBSSports.com's Jon Heyman reports that free-agent right-hander Kyle Lohse has agreed to a deal with the Brewers, pending a physical.
Heyman adds that Lohse is right now en route to Brewers camp for his pre-signing examination. The 34-year-old Lohse remains available despite a 2012 season in which he posted a 2.86 ERA, 1.09 WHIP and 3.76 K/BB ratio across 211 innings and finished seventh in the NL Cy Young balloting.
The 2012 campaign was easily Lohse's best ever, and the question moving forward is whether he can approximate that performance again in 2013 and beyond. For his career, the 12-year veteran has a record of 118-109 and an ERA+ of 97.
Lohse figures to slot in behind ace Yovanni Gallardo in the Milwaukee rotation. While Lohse has been keeping himself fit this offseason, he figures to need some time to round into regular-season shape. As such, it's not yet certain when he'll be able to join the Brewers' starting five.


Alexis Grace's elimination from "American Idol" last week changed the game by taking the favored singer out of the race to the Final Four. The Post caught up with the pink-haired and punky mom, who says she can't wait to get back to her daughter and boyfriend.
Don't miss the Top 10 perform tonight at 8pm on Fox.