U.S. Supreme Court Opinions > 1951 > BREARDv.CITY OF ALEXANDRIA, LA.
Argued March 7, 8, 1951.
The appellant here, Jack H. Breard, a regional representative of Keystone Readers Service, Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation, was arrested while going from door to door in the City of Alexandria, Louisiana, soliciting subscriptions for nationally known magazines. The arrest was solely on the ground that he had violated an ordinance because he had not obtained the prior consent of the owners of the residences solicited. Breard, a resident of Texas, was in charge of a crew of solicitors who go from house to house in the various cities and towns in the area under Breard's management and solicit subscriptions for nationally known magazines and periodicals, including among others the Saturday Evening Post, Ladies Home Journal, Country Gentleman, Holiday, Newsweek, American Home, Cosmopolitan, Esquire, Pic, Parents, Today's Woman and True. These solicitors spend only a few days in each city, depending upon its size. Keystone sends a card from its home office to the new subscribers acknowledging receipt of the subscription and thereafter the periodical is forwarded to the subscriber by the publisher in interstate commerce through the mails.
At appellant's trial for violation of the ordinance, there was a motion to quash on the ground that the ordinance violates the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution; that it violates the Federal Commerce Clause, art. 1, § 8, cl. 3; and that it violates the guarantees of the First Amendment of freedom of speech and of the press, made applicable to the states by the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Appellant's motion to quash was overruled by the trial court and he was found guilty and sentenced to pay a $25 fine or serve 30 days in jail. The Supreme Court of Louisiana affirmed appellant's conviction and expressly rejected the federal constitutional objections. 217 La. 820, 47 So.2d 553. The case is here on appeal, 28 U.S.C. § 1257, Jamison v. Texas, 318 U.S. 413, 63 S.Ct. 669, 87 L.Ed. 869.
The opinions of this Court since this Green River case have not given any ground to argue that the police power of a state over soliciting has constitutional infirmities under the due process principle embodied in the concept of freedom to carry on an inoffensive trade or business. Decisions such as Liebmann and Tanner, supra, invalidating legislative action, are hardly in point here. The former required a certificate of convenience and necessity to manufacture ice, and the latter prohibited employment agencies from receiving remuneration for their services. The Green River ordinance can be characterized as prohibitory of appellant's legitimate business of obtaining subscriptions to periodicals only in the limited sense of forbidding solicitation of subscriptions by house-to-house canvass without invitation. All regulatory legislation is prohibitory in that sense. The usual methods of solicitation—radio, periodicals, mail, local agencies—are open.11 Furthermore, neither case is in as strong a position today as it was when Bunger appealed. See Olsen v. Nebraska, 313 U.S. 236, 243, et seq., 61 S.Ct. 862, 863, 85 L.Ed. 1305, and Lincoln Federal Labor Union v. Northwestern Iron & Metal Co., 335 U.S. 525, 535, 69 S.Ct. 251, 256, 93 L.Ed. 212.
The Constitution's protection of property rights does not make a state or a city impotent to guard its citizens against the annoyances of life because the regulation may restrict the manner of doing a legitimate business.12 The question of a man's right to carry on with propriety a standard method of selling is presented here in its most appealing form—an assertion by a door-to-door solicitor that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment does not permit a state or its subdivisions to deprive a specialist in door-to-door selling of his means of livelihood. But putting aside the argument that after all it is the commerce, i.e., sales of periodicals, and not the methods, that is petitioner's business, we think that even a legitimate occupation may be restricted or prohibited in the public interest. See the dissent in New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann, 285 U.S. 262, 280, 303, 52 S.Ct. 371, 375, 383, 76 L.Ed. 747. The problem is legislative where there are reasonable bases for legislative action.13 We hold that this ordinance is not invalid under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
'In thus erecting an economic barrier protecting a major local industry against competition from without the State, Madison plainly discriminates against interstate commerce. This it cannot do, even in the exercise of its unquestioned power to protect the health and safety of its people, if reasonable nondiscriminatory alternatives, adequate to conserve legitimate local interests, are available.' 340 U.S. at page 354, 71 S.Ct. at page 298.
Nor does the clause as to alternatives apply to the Alexandria ordinance. Interstate commerce itself knocks on the local door. It is only by regulating that knock that the interests of the home may be protected by public as distinct from private action.21 Likewise in Hood & Sons v. DuMond it was the discrimination against out-of-state dealers that invalidated the order refusing a license to buy milk to an out-of-state distributor.22 Where no discrimination existed, in a somewhat similar situation, we upheld the state regulation as a permissible burden on commerce.23 See in accord, Panhandle Eastern Pipe Line Co. v. Michigan Pub. Serv. Comm., supra, 341 U.S. 329, 336, 71 S.Ct. 777, 781.
We recognize the importance to publishers of our many periodicals of the house-to-house method of selling by solicitation. As a matter of constitutional law, however, they in their business operations are in no different position so far as the Commerce Clause is concerned than the sellers of other wares.24 Appellant, as their representative or in his own right as a door-to-door canvasser, is no more free to violate local regulations to protect privacy than are other solicitors. As we said above, the usual methods of seeking business are left open by the ordinance. That such methods do not produce as much business as house-to-house canvassing is, constitutionally, immaterial and a matter for adjustment at the local level in the absence of federal legislation. Cf. Prudential Ins. Co. v. Benjamin, 328 U.S. 408, 66 S.Ct. 1142, 90 L.Ed. 1342. Taxation that threatens interstate commerce with prohibition or discrimination is bad, Nippert v. Richmond, 327 U.S. 416, 434, 66 S.Ct. 586, 594, 90 L.Ed. 760, but regulation that leaves out-of-state sellers on the same basis as local sellers cannot be invalid for that reason.
While taxation and licensing of hawking or peddling, defined as selling and delivering in the state, has long been thought to show no violation of the Commerce Clause, solicitation of orders with subsequent interstate shipment has been immune from such an exaction.25 These decisions have been explained by this Court as embodying a protection of commerce against discrimination made most apparent by fixed-sum licenses regardless of sales.26 Where the legislation is not an added financial burden upon sales in commerce or an exaction for the privilege of doing interstate commerce but a regulation of local matters, different considerations apply.
We think Alexandria's ordinance falls in the classification of regulation. The economic effects on interstate commerce in door-to-door soliciting cannot be gainsaid. To solicitors so engaged, ordinances such as this compel the development of a new technique of approach to prospects. Their local retail competitors gain advantages from the location of their stores and investments in their stock but the solicitor retains his flexibility of movement and freedom from heavy investment.
When there is a reasonable basis for legislation to protect the social, as distinguished from the economic, welfare of a community, it is not for this Court because of the Commerce Clause to deny the exercise locally of the sovereign power of Louisiana.29 Changing living conditions or variations in the experiences or habits of different communities may well call for different legislative regulations as to methods and manners of doing business. Powers of municipalities are subject to control by the states. Their judgment of local needs is made from a more intimate knowledge of local conditions than that of any other legislative body. We cannot say that this ordinance of Alexandria so burdens or impedes interstate commerce as to exceed the regulatory powers of that city.
First Amendment.—Finally we come to a point not heretofore urged in this Court as a ground for the invalidation of a Green River ordinance. This is that such an ordinance is an abridgment of freedom of speech and the press. Only the press or oral advocates of ideas could urge this point. It was not open to the solicitors for gadgets or brushes. The point is not that the press is free of the ordinary restraints and regulations of the modern state, such as taxation or labor regulation, referred to above at note 24, but, as stated in appellant's brief, 'because the ordinance places an arbitrary, unreasonable and undue burden upon a well established and essential method of distribution and circulation of lawful magazines and periodicals and, in effect, is tantamount to a prohibition of the utilization of such method.' Regulation necessarily has elements of prohibition. Thus the argument is not that the money-making activities of the solicitor entitle him to go 'in or upon private residences' at will, but that the distribution of periodicals through door-to-door canvassing is entitled to First Amendment protection.30 This kind of distribution is said to be protected because the mere fact that money is made out of the distribution does not bar the publications from First Amendment protection.31 We agree that the fact that periodicals are sold does not put them beyond the protection of the First Amendment.32 The selling, however, brings into the transaction a commercial feature.
The First and Fourteenth Amendments have never been treated as absolutes.33 Freedom of speech or press does not mean that one can talk or distribute where, when and how one chooses. Rights other than those of the advocates are involved. By adjustment of rights, we can have both full liberty of expression and an orderly life.
'The ordinance does not control anything but the distribution of literature, and in that respect it substitutes the judgment of the community for the judgment of the individual householder.' 319 U.S. at pages 143—144, 63 S.Ct. at page 863.
'Freedom to distribute information to every citizen wherever he desires to receive it is so clearly vital to the preservation of a free society that, putting aside reasonable police and health regulations of time and manner of distribution, it must be fully preserved.' 319 U.S. at pages 146—147, 63 S.Ct. at page 865. There was dissent even to this carefully phrased application of the principles of the First Amendment. As no element of the commercial entered into this free solicitation and the opinion was narrowly limited to the precise fact of the free distribution of an invitation to religious services, we feel that it is not necessarily inconsistent with the conclusion reached in this case.
In Marsh v. Alabama, 326 U.S. 501, 66 S.Ct. 276, 90 L.Ed. 265, and Tucker v. Texas, 326 U.S. 517, 66 S.Ct. 274, 90 L.Ed. 274,34 a state was held by this Court unable to punish for trespass, after notice under a state criminal statute, certain distributors of printed matter, more religious than commercial. The statute was held invalid under the principles of the First Amendment. In the Marsh case it was a private corporation, in the Tucker case the United States, that owned the property used as permissive passways in company and government-owned towns. In neither case was there dedication to public use but it seems fair to say that the permissive use of the ways was considered equal to such dedication. Such protection was not extended to colporteurs offending against similar state trespass laws by distributing, after notice to desist, like publications to the tenants in a private apartment house. Hall v. Virginia, 188 Va. 72, 49 S.E.2d 369, appeal, after conviction, on the ground of denial of First Amendment rights, dismissed on motion of appellee to dismiss because of lack of substance in the question, 335 U.S. 875, 912, 69 S.Ct. 240, 480, 93 L.Ed. 418; see note 2, supra.
This makes the constitutionality of Alexandria's ordinance turn upon a balancing of the conveniences between some householders' desire for privacy and the publisher's right to distribute publications in the precise way that those soliciting for him think brings the best results. The issue brings into collision the rights of the hospitable housewife, peering on Monday morning around her chained door with those of Mr. Breard's courteous, well-trained but possibly persistent solicitor, offering a bargain on culture and information through a joint subscription to the Saturday Evening Post, Pic and Today's Woman. Behind the housewife are many housewives and homeowners in the towns where Green River ordinances offer their aid. Behind Mr. Breard are 'Keystone' with an annual business of $5,000,000 in subscriptions and the periodicals with their use of house-to-house canvassing to secure subscribers for their valuable publications, together with other housewives who desire solicitors to offer them the opportunity and remind and help them, at their doors, to subscribe for publications.
'The ordinance imposes no tax, no license. It is a prohibition of an activity on local territory, involving the problematical sale of a commodity originating in another state, which is actually distributed through the United States Mails. It imposes no burden on the distribution itself, nor on the manufacture of the commodity, nor on any phase of the transportation from one place to another of that commodity.' (Emphasis in original.) 217 La. at page 829, 47 So.2d at page 556.
At least since the decision in Robbins v. Shelby County Taxing District, 1887, 120 U.S. 489, 497, 7 S.Ct. 592, 596, 30 L.Ed. 694, this Court has regarded the process of soliciting orders for goods to be shipped across state lines as being interstate commerce as much as the transportation itself. Under the line of cases following this principle, reexamined and reaffirmed in Nippert v. Richmond, 1946, 327 U.S. 416, 66 S.Ct. 586, 90 L.Ed. 760, the process of solicitation for interstate commerce cannot be subjected to taxes, licenses or bonding requirements that in their practical operation discriminate against or unduly burden interstate commerce. The Court does not today purport to overrule this line of decisions. And it acknowledges, as it must, that the Court has sharply distinguished the process of solicitation of interstate business from the essentially local retailing operations of hawking and peddling. See Wagner v. Covington, 1919, 251 U.S. 95, 103—104, 40 S.Ct. 93, 95, 64 L.Ed. 157, and cases cited therein. Nor does the opinion dispute that this ordinance has a severe economic impact upon the substantial interstate business of appellant's employer, as well as the entire magazine industry which derives 50% to 60% of its annual subscription circulation from the very type of solicitation prohibited by this ordinance. I disagree with the Court in its holding that an ordinance imposing a 'blanket prohibition' can be sustained under the Commerce Clause as mere regulation.
Congress is given the power 'To regulate commerce * * * among the several States.' U.S.Const. Art. I, § 8, cl. 3. The doctrine of Cooley v. Board of Port Wardens, 1851, 12 How. 299, 13 L.Ed. 996, permits a state to exercise its police powers in a manner impinging upon interstate commerce only where the subject of regulation is essentially local and then only when there is no discrimination against or undue burden on interstate commerce. This is an approach grounded in the practical, an approach which imposes upon this Court the 'duty to determine whether the statute (or ordinance) under attack, whatever its name may be, will in its practical operation work discrimination against interstate commerce.' Best & Co. v. Maxwell, 1940, 311 U.S. 454, 455—456, 61 S.Ct. 334, 335, 85 L.Ed. 275. That this ordinance, on its face, professes to protect the home does not relieve us of our duty to weigh the practical effect of the ordinance upon interstate commerce. Lack of discrimination on its face has not heretofore been regarded as sufficient to sustain an ordinance without inquiry into its practical effects upon interstate commerce. E.g., Dean Milk Co. v. Madison, 1951, 340 U.S. 349, 354, 71 S.Ct. 295, 297 (prohibition against sale of milk pasteurized more than five miles from city); Real Silk Hosiery Mills v. Portland, 1925, 268 U.S. 325, 336, 45 S.Ct. 525, 526, 69 L.Ed. 982, (requirement that solicitors file bond); Minnesota v. Barber, 1890, 136 U.S. 313, 10 S.Ct. 862, 34 L.Ed. 455 (statute requiring inspection of meat within state).
In passing upon other ordinances affecting solicitors, this Court has not hesitated in noting the economic fact that 'the 'real competitors' of (solicitors) are, among others, the local retail merchants.' Nippert v. Richmond, supra, 327 U.S. at page 433, 66 S.Ct. at page 594, citing Best & Co. v. Maxwell, supra. See also Robbins v. Shelby County Taxing District, supra, 120 U.S. at page 498, 7 S.Ct. 596. The Court acknowledges 'effective competition' between solicitors and the local retail merchants, 341 U.S. 627, 71 S.Ct. 924, but is deliberate in its refusal to appraise the practical effect of this ordinance as a deterrent to interstate commerce, 341 U.S. 639, 71 S.Ct. 931. I think it plain that a 'blanket prohibition' upon appellant's solicitation discriminates against and unduly burdens interstate commerce in favoring local retail merchants. 'Whether or not it was so intended, those are its necessary effects.' Nippert v. Richmond, supra, 327 U.S. at page 434, 66 S.Ct. at page 595. The fact that this ordinance exempts solicitation by the essentially local purveyors of farm products shows that local economic interests are relieved of the burdensome effects of the ordinance. No one doubts that protection of the home is a proper subject of legislation, but that end can be served without prohibiting interstate commerce. Our prior decisions cannot be avoided by limiting their authority to the limited categories of tax and license. On the contrary, we must guard against state action which, "in any form or under any guise, directly burden(s) the prosecution of interstate business." Baldwin v. G.A.F. Seelig, Inc., 1935, 294 U.S. 511, 522, 55 S.Ct. 497, 500, 79 L.Ed. 1032, citing International Textbook Co. v. Pigg, 1910, 217 U.S. 91, 112, 30 S.Ct. 481, 487, 54 L.Ed. 678. See also Hood & Sons v. DuMond, 1949, 336 U.S. 525, 69 S.Ct. 657, 93 L.Ed. 865. I cannot agree that this Court should defer to the City Council of Alexandria as though we had before us an act of Congress regulating commerce. See 341 U.S. 640, 71 S.Ct. 931. '(T)his Court, and not the state legislature (or the city council), is under the commerce clause the final arbiter of the competing demands of state (or local) and national interests.' Southern Pacific Co. v. Arizona, 1945, 325 U.S. 761, 769, 65 S.Ct. 1515, 1520, 89 L.Ed. 1915.
I would apply to this case the principles so recently announced in Dean Milk Co. v. Madison, 1951, 340 U.S. 349, 71 S.Ct. 295. In the course of its discussion of our Dean Milk decision, the Court remarks that in the instant case 'Interstate commerce itself knocks on the local door.' 341 U.S. 636, 71 S.Ct. 929. As I read the prior decisions of this Court, that fact, far from justifying avoidance of Dean Milk, buttresses my conclusion that the ordinance cannot consistently with the Commerce Clause be applied to appellant.
Today's decision marks a revitalization of the judicial views which prevailed before this Court embraced the philosophy that the First Amendment gives a preferred status to the liberties it protects. I adhere to that preferred position philosophy. It is my belief that the freedom of the people of this Nation cannot survive even a little governmental hobbling of religious or political ideas, whether they be communicated orally or through the press.
'We must assume that the practice existed in the town as the first section states, and that it had become annoying and disturbing and objectionable to at least some of the citizens. We think like practices have become so general and common as to be of judicial knowledge, and that the frequent ringing of doorbells of private residences by itinerant vendors and solicitors is in fact a nuisance to the occupants of homes. It is not appellee and its solicitors and their methods alone that must be considered in determining the reasonableness of the ordinance, but many others as well who seek in the same way to dispose of their wares. One follows another until the ringing doorbells disturb the quietude of the home and become a constant annoyance.' Town of Green River v. Fuller Brush Co., 10 Cir., 65 F.2d 112, 114, 88 A.L.R. 177.
The ordinance now under consideration, § 3, does not apply to 'the sale, or soliciting of orders for the sale, of milk, dairy products, vegetables, poultry, eggs and other farm and garden produce * * *.' Appellant makes no point against the present ordinance on the ground of invalid classification. Cf. Tigner v. Texas, 310 U.S. 141, 60 S.Ct. 879, 84 L.Ed. 1124; Williams v. Arkansas, 217 U.S. 79, 90, 30 S.Ct. 493, 495, 54 L.Ed. 673.
The validity of Green River ordinances has also been considered in a number of state courts. Five states—Colorado, Louisiana (in cases previous to the instant one), New Mexico, New York, and Wyoming—have upheld the ordinance, against objections that it was beyond the scope of the police power, deprived vendors of property rights without due process of law, deprived them of the equal protection of the laws, and infringed upon the Commerce Clause, and the First and Fourteenth Amendments. McCormick v. City of Montrose, 105 Colo. 493, 99 P.2d 969; Shreveport v. Cunningham, 190 La. 481, 482, 182 So. 649; City of Alexandria v. Jones, 216 La. 923, 45 So.2d 79; Green v. Gallup, 46 N.M. 71, 120 P.2d 619; People v. Bohnke, 287 N.Y. 154, 38 N.E.2d 478; Green River v. Bunger, 50 Wyo. 52, 58 P.2d 456.
The ordinances in the Bel Air and Culpeper cases contained discriminatory provisions not involved in the instant case. It should be noted also that while New York upheld the ordinance in Bohnke, supra, as applied to distribution of religious tracts, that case was decided before this Court's decision in Martin v. City of Struthers, 319 U.S. 141, 63 S.Ct. 862, 87 L.Ed. 1313. Enforcement of Green River ordinances has subsequently been enjoined as against members of the Jehovah's Witnesses sect, in Donley v. Colorado Springs, D.C., 40 F.Supp. 15, and Zimmerman v. Village of London, D.C.Ohio, 38 F.Supp. 582.
'Regulations respecting the pursuit of a lawful trade or business are of very frequent occurrence in the various cities of the country, and what such regulations shall be and to what particular trade, business or occupation they shall apply, are questions for the State to determine, and their determination comes within the proper exercise of the police power by the State, and unless the regulations are so utterly unreasonable and extravagant in their nature and purpose that the property and personal rights of the citizen are unnecessarily, and in a manner wholly arbitrary, interfered with or destroyed without due process of law, they do not extend beyond the power of the State to pass, and they form no subject for Federal interference.' 177 U.S. at page 188, 20 S.Ct. at page 635.
'Does the statute deprive the defendant of any property right without due process of law? We answer this question in the negative. Decisions of this court, familiar to all, and which need not be cited, recognize the possession, by each State, of powers never surrendered to the general government; which powers the state, except as restrained by its own Constitution or the Constitution of the United States, may exert not only for the public health, the public morals, and the public safety, but for the general or common good, for the well-being, comfort and good order of the people.' 204 U.S. at page 363, 27 S.Ct. at page 386.
'Such a regulation, in itself just, is likewise promotive of peace and good order among those who attend places of public entertainment or amusement.' 204 U.S. at page 364, 27 S.Ct. at page 386.
"Sec. 2. That it shall be unlawful for any railroad or common carrier operating a line within the State of Arkansas knowingly to permit its trains, cars or depots within the State to be used by any person or persons for drumming or soliciting business or patronage for any hotel, lodging house, eating house, bath house, physician, masseur, surgeon, or other medical practitioner, or drumming or soliciting for any business or profession whatsoever; * * *." 217 U.S. 86, 30 S.Ct. 493.
"Drummers who swarm through the trains soliciting for physicians, bath houses, hotels, etc., make existence a burden to those who are subjected to their repeated solicitations. It is true that the traveler may turn a deaf ear to these importunities, but this does not render it any the less unpleasant and annoying. The drummer may keep within the law against disorderly conduct, and still render himself a source of annoyance to travelers by his much beseeching to be allowed to lead the way to a doctor or a hotel." 217 U.S. 89, 30 S.Ct. 495.
'Under our form of government the use of property and the making of contracts are normally matters of private and not of public concern. The general rule is that both shall be free of governmental interference. But neither property rights nor contract rights are absolute; for government cannot exist if the citizen may at will use his property to the detriment of his fellows, or exercise his freedom of contract to work them harm. Equally fundamental with the private right is that of the public to regulate it in the common interest.' Railway Express Agency v. New York, 336 U.S. 106, 69 S.Ct. 463, 93 L.Ed. 533; Daniel, Attorney General v. Family Security Life Ins. Co., 336 U.S. 220, 69 S.Ct. 550, 93 L.Ed. 632.
State of Arizona v. California, 283 U.S. 423, 454—455, 51 S.Ct. 522, 525, 526, 75 L.Ed. 1154; Henneford v. Silas Mason Co., 300 U.S. 577, 586, 57 S.Ct. 524, 528, 81 L.Ed. 814.
The cases cited for Bunger may be easily distinguished. The cases of the Shelby County Taxing District, Rogers v. Arkansas, 227 U.S. 401, 33 S.Ct. 298, 57 L.Ed. 569, and Stewart v. Michigan, 232 U.S. 665, 34 S.Ct. 476, 58 L.Ed. 786, relate to taxes upon or licenses to do an interstate business. The same is true of Real Silk Hosiery Mills v. Portland, 268 U.S. 325, 45 S.Ct. 525, 526, 69 L.Ed. 982. There is, however, in this latter case a statement that should be noticed: 'Nor can we accept the theory that an expressed purpose to prevent possible frauds is enough to justify legislation which really interferes with the free flow of legitimate interstate commerce. See Shafer v. Farmers' Grain Co., 268 U.S. 189, 45 S.Ct. 481, 69 L.Ed. 909.' 268 U.S. at page 336, 45 S.Ct. at page 526. That should be read as a comment on an ordinance requiring a license and a bond to carry on interstate business. Cf. Parker v. Brown, 317 U.S. 341, 361, 63 S.Ct. 307, 318, 87 L.Ed. 315.
None of these cases reach the problem here under consideration of local regulation of solicitor's conduct.
Kelly v. Washington, 302 U.S. 1, 9—10, 58 S.Ct. 87, 92, 82 L.Ed. 3.
'As has been so often stated but nevertheless seems to require constant repetition, not all burdens upon commerce, but only undue or discriminatory ones, are forbidden. For, though 'interstate business must pay its way,' a State consistently with the commerce clause cannot put a barrier around its borders to bar out trade from other States and thus bring to naught the great constitutional purpose of the fathers in giving to Congress the power 'To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States * * *'. Nor may the prohibition be accomplished in the guise of taxation which produces the excluding or discriminatory effect.' Nippert v. Richmond, 327 U.S. 416, 425 426, 66 S.Ct. 586, 590, 90 L.Ed. 760.
And cf. Nelson v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 312 U.S. 359, 61 S.Ct. 586, 85 L.Ed. 888, where the maintenance of retail stores within a state by a corporation engaged in direct mail selling was held to permit the state to tax such sales to its residents, even though none of the corporation's agents within the state had any connection with the sales.
'The solicitation of subscriptions in the field regularly accounts for from 50% to 60% of the total annual subscription circulation of nationally-distributed magazines which submit verified circulation reports to the Audit Bureau of Circulations. * * * During the period from 1925 to date, the average circulation per issue of such magazines attributable to field subscription solicitation, * * * has amounted to more than 30% of the total average annual circulation per issue * * *.' The total subscription value obtained by Keystone Readers Service, appellant's employer, in 1948 was $5,319,423.40. There is a national association of magazine publishers, a trade organization whose members publish some 400 nationally distributed magazines with a combined circulation of 140 million copies. This association sponsors and maintains a central registry plan to which agencies like Keystone, soliciting subscriptions, belong.
'Incidental' as a test has not continued as a useful manner for determining the validity of local regulation of matters affecting interstate commerce.
'Such regulations by the state are to be sustained, not because they are 'indirect' rather than 'direct,' * * * not because they control interstate activities in such a manner as only to affect the commerce rather than to command its operations. But they are to be upheld because upon a consideration of all the relevant facts and circumstances it appears that the matter is one which may appropriately be regulated in the interest of the safety, health and well-being of local communities, and which, because of its local character and the practical difficulties involved, may never be adequately dealt with by Congress.' Parker v. Brown, 317 U.S. 341, 362—363, 63 S.Ct. 307, 319, 87 L.Ed. 315.
'It (the opinion in Baldwin v. G.A.F. Seelig, Inc., 294 U.S. 511, 55 S.Ct. 497, 79 L.Ed. 1032) recognized, as do we, broad power in the State to protect its inhabitants against perils to health or safety, fraudulent traders and highway hazards, even by use of measures which bear adversely upon interstate commerce. But it laid repeated emphasis upon the principle that the State may not promote its own economic advantages by curtailment or burdening of interstate commerce.
Giragi v. Moore, 301 U.S. 670, 57 S.Ct. 946, 81 L.Ed. 1334; Id., 48 Ariz. 33, 58 P.2d 1249, 110 A.L.R. 314; Id., 49 Ariz. 74, 64 P.2d 819, 110 A.L.R. 320; Associated Press v. National Labor Relations Board, 301 U.S. 103, 132—133, 57 S.Ct. 650, 655, 656, 81 L.Ed. 953; Associated Press v. United States, 326 U.S. 1, 7, 65 S.Ct. 1416, 1418, 89 L.Ed. 2013.
Emert v. Missouri, 156 U.S. 296, 15 S.Ct. 367, 39 L.Ed. 430; see Commonwealth v. Ober, 12 Cush., Mass., 493; Crenshaw v. Arkansas, 227 U.S. 389, 399—400, 33 S.Ct. 294, 297, 57 L.Ed. 565; Rogers v. Arkansas, 227 U.S. 401, 33 S.Ct. 298, 57 L.Ed. 569; Caskey Baking Co. v. Com. of Virginia, 313 U.S. 117, 119, 61 S.Ct. 881, 882, 85 L.Ed. 1223.
McGoldrick v. Berwind-White Co., 309 U.S. 33, 55—57, 60 S.Ct. 388, 397—398, 84 L.Ed. 565; Nippert v. Richmond, 327 U.S. 416, 421—425, 66 S.Ct. 586, 588—590.
Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296, 303, 304, 60 S.Ct. 900, 903, 84 L.Ed. 1213; Cox v. New Hampshire, 312 U.S. 569, 61 S.Ct. 762, 85 L.Ed. 1049; Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, 315 U.S. 568, 62 S.Ct. 766, 86 L.Ed. 1031; Murdock v. Pennsylvania, 319 U.S. 105, 109—110, 63 S.Ct. 870, 873, 87 L.Ed. 1292; Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U.S. 158, 166, 64 S.Ct. 438, 442, 88 L.Ed. 645; Saia v. New York, 334 U.S. 558, 561, 68 S.Ct. 1148, 1150, 92 L.Ed. 1574; Feiner v. New York, 340 U.S. 315, 71 S.Ct. 303. See the collection of cases in Niemotko v. Maryland, 340 U.S. 268, at page 276 ff, 71 S.Ct. 325, 330.
It is passing strange that, after relying on three cases grounded solely on 'incidental' as a test of validity under the Commerce Clause, the Court should itself state that such a test 'has not continued as a useful manner for determining the validity of local regulation of matters affecting interstate commerce.' 341 U.S. 635, 71 S.Ct. 929, note 19.
Of course I believe that the present ordinance could constitutionally be applied to a 'merchant' who goes from door to door 'selling pots.' Compare Martin v. Struthers, 319 U.S. 141, 144, 63 S.Ct. 862, 863, 87 L.Ed. 1313 with Valentine v. Chrestensen, 316 U.S. 52, 62 S.Ct. 920, 86 L.Ed. 1262.


Vehicle clearance when overtaking a bicycle. Provides that it is a Class C infraction for the operator of a vehicle overtaking a bicycle to not: (1) allow at least three feet of clearance between the vehicle and the bicycle; and (2) wait to return to the original lane until the vehicle is safely clear of the bicycle. Revises the definition of "bicycle" for purposes of the motor vehicle code. Vehicle clearance when overtaking a bicycle. Provides that it is a Class C infraction for the operator of a vehicle overtaking a bicycle to not: (1) allow at least three feet of clearance between the vehicle and the bicycle; and (2) wait to return to the original lane until the vehicle is safely clear of the bicycle. Revises the definition of "bicycle" for purposes of the motor vehicle code.


Let us pray for you and your loved ones! Submit your prayer here and we will share it in our chapel when we gather Monday through Friday to pray the Rosary and celebrate Mass. Know that your prayer is being prayed by our staff and others around the world. Then, when you have a moment, won't you please choose someone else's prayer below and pray with us for them.
Together we become a worldwide prayer community fulfilling Father Peyton's vision that A World at Prayer is a World at Peace.
Sophia Schatz ,18 yrs old Stage 4 rare terminal cancer. We are related to Fr. Peyton, he was my mother's cousin.


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Navigating Space and Race in the French Quarter
By Mwende Katwiwa	 September 2015
"FREEDOM" IN CHAINS
Maafa comes from the Kiswahili word Kufa, which means "to die." It can be translated to mean "a disaster" or "a great tragedy." Too few Americans are familiar with the term "The Maafa," popularized in the 1990s as an alternative to the "TransAtlantic Slave Trade," which advocates felt did not encompass the brutality and totality of American slavery.
For the last 15 years, the Ashé Cultural Arts Center has commemorated The Maafa in New Orleans on July 4th by hosting a Maafa Remembrance and Healing Circle at Congo Square, the historical gathering site for enslaved Africans in New Orleans. The Circle is followed by a march that passes by sites of historical significance for enslaved Africans, stopping at and speaking on monuments and locations that highlight the area's history of slavery and anti-Blackness. Visited along the march was The Original Pierre Maspero's Cajun Restaurant, formerly known as the The Original Pierre Maspero's Slavery Exchange, from 1814 to 1822.
At another stop outside of the Louisiana Supreme Court, the march paused at a statue of Edward Douglass White, a descendant of a slave-owning family and a member of the Crescent City White League. The League was a white supremacist group that attacked the integrated New Orleans Metropolitan Police in 1874. The group held substantial political power and in 1891, the city put up an obelisk monument on Canal Street honoring White League members who died in that attack, known as "The Battle of Liberty Place." The monument currently stands downtown behind the Westin Hotel.
The march ends every year down by the river, with participants paying tribute to ancestors old and new. In a country that is too eager to whitewash its past in order to deny its racial present, The Maafa Remembrance and Healing Circle and March serves as a solemn reminder that freedom, independence, and equality were words that rang hollow in the mouths of white male colonists who raised one fist to demand freedom and self-determination while using the other to oppress, dehumanize, enslave, and murder the very Black people they forced into this country.
Liryca Neville-Branch and Major Tracy Riley are two local Black women who would be quick to tell you that the French Quarter's race problems are not just confined to the symbols and statues of its racist past. Their personal experiences highlight troubling and discriminatory racial dynamics currently at play in this historic part of the city.
LIRYCA AND THE RECEIPT
Daughter of Cyril Neville (of the Neville Brothers), Liryca Neville-Branch is a 33 year-old New Orleanian who owns a graphic design business with her husband and does marketing work for a timeshare company in the French Quarter. In late May of this year, she and her coworkers decided to have lunch at Huck Finn's Cafe. "It was my first time there," explained Neville- Branch over the phone. "With the restaurant's name, I didn't really think it was a place for me to eat." Liryca was called back to work shortly after the group was seated, so she left the restaurant and had her food delivered by a co-worker at their office. A couple of minutes later, she received a text message from one of her co-workers with the following photo:
After printing copies, Liryca immediately went back to Huck Finn's to demand an explanation. While the restaurant later issued a statement claiming the behavior did not reflect the views or practices of the establishment (the statement has since been taken down from their website), Liryca described an entirely different reaction from the management. "They kept shushing me and [when] my manager gave the [Huck Finn's] manager the receipt, he acted like he didn't want to give it back! The waiter who gave us the receipt came out and told us that it wasn't meant for us, it was meant for the [Black] people working 'in the back.'"
Lyrica went into further detail of the situation, explaining, "A Black employee told us during all the commotion, 'Please don't let this go, this is the norm for this place. This needs to be brought to light.'" After leaving the restaurant, Liryca and the others shared their experience on Facebook and saw pictures of the receipt post go viral, which Liryca believes was the driving force behind the restaurant's eventual statement of apology, not the racist act itself.
TRACY AND THE ROUGE HOUSE
Tracy Riley is a retired Major in the United States Army who was raised in Mississippi and came to New Orleans to attend Dillard University. After receiving her degree in Business Management and Marketing, Tracy worked in corporate America in Detroit and in New Orleans before deciding to open a supper club and recording studio in the French Quarter.
Her vision included a place where independent artists without access to studios and equipment—especially those she regularly saw playing in the streets of New Orleans—could have both a venue to play in, as well as a state-of- the-art facility to produce their music. Tracy said her dream was to create a "'Motown of the South' for independent artists, while providing a good quality dining experience for tourists and locals who come to the Quarter, and to support my daughter, who is an artist and filmmaker." After leasing to own a beautiful red building that formerly housed Club Voila (on the corner of Decatur and Bienville) in June of 2013, The Rouge House was born.
Well, almost. In late July of 2013, Tracy held a meet-and-greet at the Rouge House for French Quarter restaurants and businesses. She wanted to explain the concept of the space, but was instead met with hostility and disbelief that it would not be a nightclub like the previous establishment. "The businesses who are a part of the French Quarter Business Association wrote a letter to the Louisiana Alcohol and Tobacco Control (ATC) Commissioner [Troy Hebert] saying they believed I intended to operate it as a nightclub," Tracy reported.
Although Tracy went through the city and quickly got the proper licenses, permits, and paperwork to open up The Rouge House, her application for a state liquor license in August of 2013 was red-flagged before she had even applied. "They voted amongst themselves that The Rouge House wasn't going to get a permit, and within three hours of getting the French Quarter Business Association's letter, Troy Hebert served me with a denial for a liquor permit," Tracy said. She claims that from very early on she didn't just suspect, but knew that racism was one of the primary factors in The Rouge House's problems.
"Very early on, people—even white people—would tell me, 'There's talk in the Quarter that you are not one of them,'" Tracy said. "They don't want a Black person owning your type of business in the Quarter. They used that specific language… because I was Black." Tracy reported that as many as eight cameras appeared facing The Rouge House soon after she moved. Tracy also noted the presence of white people who would "blatantly come inside The Rouge House, take pictures, and leave" or others who would "post up on the street, making phone calls and taking photos of the establishment from the street."
On one such occasion, Rouge House security went out and asked the white person taking photos if they could help them, to which the white person allegedly responded, "Get out of here nigger, we don't want you here!"
The Rouge House held a series of "soft openings" where the establishment was open from Thursday to Sunday (within the rights of their occupational license). Tracy describes them as soft openings because a grand opening "just didn't make sense without a liquor license." In another interview published on Think504.com, Tracy admits that "During the first permit application period, alcohol was served based on information provided by a paid business consultant; we did not knowingly or intentionally break the law. I am a rules person. We are here to follow the rules."
In January 2014, The Rouge House received their second denial for a liquor license, despite all operations having ceased at the establishment. In that same month, Tracy was evicted from her property in the French Quarter for lack of payment, which she directly attributes to her repeated denials for a liquor license. That month, Tracy decided she had had enough and took her eviction and liquor permit denial to the courts.
From these two very different experiences with racism in the French Quarter, a series of actions that came to be known as "Freedom Summer" were born. Freedom Summer included a Black Unity Rally during Essence Festival Weekend, organized by Liryca Neville-Branch and others in the group. Liryca wanted to raise awareness of her experience at Huck Finn's and to call on out-of-town Black people who attend Essence to support local Black-owned businesses, while Tracy wanted to raise awareness of the blatant economic racism in the Quarter.
"During Essence there is over 270 million dollars spent in New Orleans," Liryca explained. "There are only four Black-owned businesses in the French Quarter, out of over 3,000; less than one percent… The French Quarter is racist. They want your money, but they don't really want you." In some ways, it doesn't even appear they want our money. For a festival weekend, there are an awful lot of establishments in the Quarter that close during Essence, one of the few times it happens to be full of Black people.
Liryca, Tracy, and others in the Freedom Summer group led a march every morning during Essence Festival from the Bienville statue on Decatur to the Convention Center. Afternoons were spent handing out two fliers outside of Huck Finn's. One flier had a copy of the receipt Liryca and her co-workers received, along with an explanation of the incident. The second handout had an (incomplete) list of local Black-owned businesses that could be patronized, instead of those in the French Quarter.
According to Liryca, on the first day of their public action outside of Huck Finn's, they were mildly taunted by the restaurant's employees, who smugly said that people would still come and eat (which they did). Although, when I went to help pass out fliers on the 4th of July, the campaign seemed to be working. The restaurant was all but empty and almost every group of folks who walked by from the Essence crowd either grabbed fliers and thanked us for the information (some plegding to only support B.O.B.s while in town), or stopped to engage us in conversation about Liryca's experience and the general experience of the French Quarter for Black people living in New Orleans.
Freedom Summer included mobilizing around Liryca's experience and was slated to end on July 31 at Tracy's appeal hearing. Leading up to The Rouge House court date, Tracy and the Freedom Summer group mobilized to raise awareness and attention on her case, including a heavy social media campaign and offering interviews with interested parties. One such interview was requested by Martin Jongu'e, a radio host affiliated with over 17 radio stations, whose show, "Help4Men Radio" airs on SirusXM.
After agreeing to cover Tracy's story, a very peculiar thing happened that seemed to support Tracy's claims of a sinister, high- reaching, race-based block happening behind the scenes. In a phone call with Jongu'e, he described to me what happened after he started promoting his show with Tracy. "I'm not sure exactly who, because the number was not published, but someone from New Orleans called and offered $25,000 for me to not run the show. Then someone else called me a few days later and offered to buy my entire radio slot on SirusXM for up to $50,000; not to put up a new show, but just so mine would not air. That same week, calls were also made attempting to get sponsors to pull out from my show. I'd never seen anything like it before."
Despite these attempts, the show aired. Tracy and others continued to raise awareness of the case until her July 31st court date, which Tracy says was packed full of Rouge House supporters: "a sea of red," as she describes it. Unfortunately for Tracy, despite all the community support her case received, her legal case lingers on. The State continues to push for her case to be reviewed as it stands today, while she maintains that it should be considered how it stood at the time of her application. On July 31st, the Judge presiding over her case sided with the State and granted their request to consider her eviction as evidence in her permit denial, despite the fact that she was evicted after she received her denial. Tracy is currently in the process of filing an appeal to have the Judge's ruling reviewed.
WHAT'S RACE GOT TO DO WITH IT?
Tracy Riley's experiences attempting to open The Rouge House have left her convinced that not only does the French Quarter operate in a closed, racist economic system, but that this racism extends beyond the Quarter to the ATC itself, whose agents she claims regularly harassed her business and continuously denied her a liquor license.
A recent series of damning reports about the ATC have emerged that are marred both by racism and lackluster job performance. In 2014, an audit released on the ATC revealed that the agency was incredibly inconsistent in inspections and follow-ups. According to the audit, New Orleans and north Louisiana had the highest number of uninspected businesses selling alcohol, and it was revealed that the ATC didn't conduct inspections on 24% of alcohol- selling businesses, and failed to revisit 54% of businesses that had violations from October 2012 to June 2013.
These numbers are indicative of the racism Tracy has faced, leaving her to ask, "How do you inspect me over 20 times in less than a year, but the state doesn't have the resources to conduct one inspection every year for each outlet?" In addition to the audit last year, WWLTV released an article this past August about ATC commissioner Troy Hebert and his "right hand guy" Brette Tingle. Both men accuse one another of racism within their work at the ATC, among other violations. One blatant example includes a text conversation between a former ATC employee and Tingle, where the unnamed employee writes "I hate fucking niggers!!!" to which Tingle responds "Me too!!… Scourge of the earth!!!"
Tingle's defense claims that Hebert was attempting to retaliate against Tingle for what his lawyer Art Smith describes as "participating in an EEOC [Equal Employment Opportunity Commission] proceeding and standing up for his former [B]lack co- employees." In 2014, Tingle testified against Hebert after three Black ATC employees—Charles Gilmore, Daimian McDowell, and Larry Hingle—filed a racial discrimination case against the ATC commissioner. In addition to their own claims of discrimination, the suit also cites that five Black supervisors were present in the Enforcement Division when Hebert took office in November 2010. Today, none remain.
This recent race-based spat between Hebert and Tingle, the racial discrimination case against Hebert, and Tracy's repeated denial have left her with no doubt that racism is the dark cloud hanging in The Rouge House's otherwise sunny skies. "I knew it was nothing other than race when we were called 'the N word,' and then when we were denied again without any official justification," she said. "I was not being treated as a regular citizen who goes and makes an application for state permission to conduct business. Between the ATC efforts to get the appeal dismissed, the thousands spent in taxpayer money to represent Hebert and the efforts to keep the story off [the air], they clearly have something to hide." Despite all of these roadblocks, Tracy is optimistic that she will get justice in her case and shows no signs of slowing down or stopping her efforts to open The Rouge House. As she's been known to say, "a soldier never quits."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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O Terminal Graneleiro Oceânico do Rio Grande do Norte será um novo porto que o Governo do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte pretende construir em parceria público-privada ou por concessão simples a se localizar no município de Porto do Mangue, visando a retirada do minério de ferro do Seridó e também do calcário e cimento da cidade de Mossoró, pedras ornamentais, além de derivados de petróleo da futura Refinaria Potiguar Clara Camarão.

O porto será nos moldes do Porto-Ilha de Areia Branca que exporta só sal, obviamente será mais moderno, e é visto - de certa forma - como uma "alforria" aos portos de Pecém no Ceará e Suape em Pernambuco já que atualmente todos os minérios extraídos do estado são exportados por esses portos.

O grupo coreano P&ampP Korea - especializado em soluções portuárias e marítimas - quer ajudar a viabilizar o terminal graneleiro. Grupos holandeses também estão de olho no terminal.

Ver também

 Terminal Pesqueiro Público de Natal

Referências

Portos do Rio Grande do Norte

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Nas - Illimatic (Limited Edition Clear Colored Vinyl)
Publisher: Sony
Details: Illmatic is the debut studio album by American rapper Nas, released in April 1994. Often cited as one of the best hip-hop albums of the '90s, Illmatic is the undisputed classic upon which Nas' reputation rests. It helped spearhead the artistic renaissance of New York hip-hop in the post-Chronic era, leading a return to street aesthetics. Hip-hop fans accustomed to 73-minute opuses sometimes complain about Illmatic's brevity, but even if it leaves you wanting more, it's also one of the few '90s rap albums with absolutely no wasted space. Illmatic reveals a great lyricist in top form meeting great production, and it remains a perennial favorite among serious hip-hop fans.
1 The Genesis (1:45)
2 N.Y. State of Mind (4:53)
3 Life's a Bitch (3:30)
4 The World Is Yours (4:50)
5 Halftime (4:20)
6 Memory Lane (Sittin' in Da Park) (4:08)
7 One Love (5:25)
8 One Time 4 Your Mind (3:18)
9 Represent (4:12)
10 It Ain't Hard to Tell (3:22)
Tags: Classics Color Vinyl Featured Limited Edition Rap & R&B


« Fall Events: Candy, Chocolate and Gin!
Hi – fascinating post. Would you mind if I linked to it on my FaceBook page?
I'm working on a book about the history of wheat — your blog has a great wealth of well-researched material. Would you mind if I quoted from it on occasion?
Go for it! And if there's any questions I can answer, let me know.


Hailing from Melbourne Australia, my young family and I reside in the laidback but eclectic neighbourhood of Koenji, Tokyo.
I have a passion for outdoor expeditions, Japanese bicycle restoration, a hot bowl of ramen, a cold beer and exploring the endless local treasures, personalities and culinary delights scattered throughout this bewildering city.
As an avid traveller, I've always found myself shying away from organised tours, particularly the large group variety.
- Rehashed itineraries glued to the tourist trail.
- Visits to uninspiring attractions and restaurants the tour operator has a mutual relationship with.
- The general sensation of being dragged around on a leash.
I launched DIG Tokyo Tours and my Airbnb Experiences as an alternative to this tour model, with the aim of crafting no fuss, immersive local outings that I'm proud to associate with my name and reputation.
So jump on a bike or join me on foot in experiencing a less travelled side of the city that I call home.
I hope to see you out and about in the streets of Tokyo soon and best of luck with those travel plans!


text:
Lissemys es un género de tortugas de la familia Trionychidae. Las especies de este género se distribuyen por el sur de Asia.

Especies
Se reconocen las siguientes tres especies:

 Lissemys ceylonensis (Gray, 1856) - Sri Lanka.
 Lissemys punctata (Bonnaterre, 1789) - Pakistán, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladés y Birmania.
 Lissemys scutata (Peters, 1868) - Tailandia y Birmania.

Referencias

Trionychidae


Welcome, everyone! Thank you for joining me. We're gathering to figure out how we can help minimize the negative impacts of the government change in January and beyond.
What's most obvious and easiest to do at a distance is to gather good information, keep it updated, and get it out to those who need it. You'll find a lot of librarians around here and more to come, which is excellent because librarianship reaches everywhere in the country.
We've begun with Kara Hurvitz's excellent Concrete Suggestions document (and Kara may be joining our team here). To the groupings in that list I've added two additional topics for us to be aware of and active in: climate and wealth inequality.
Our second area of focus is resilience. How can we take care of ourselves and others pushing against these negative changes? Some of that will be technological—learning to make our communications secure and durable, and teaching others how to do the same—and some of it will be personal—not stretching ourselves too thin while making sure those at risk feel they aren't alone in this.
To that last point, I am deeply glad you've joined. I want to learn from you and for us to achieve more with all our varied experiences and skills. But I also want you to participate to the degree you can without shorting yourself. As with natural disaster preparedness, the first priority is setting yourself up not to be another victim. After that's done, then you can turn to helping others. We will all appreciate whatever time you can give and understand that you will be setting limits so you can take care of yourself too. Please do let us know if you need help.
On a practical note, please update your profiles with your skills, any demographic notes you care to add, and your preferred pronouns. Thanks!
Glad to be doing good with you all!


The poems in Point Of Entry are striking, sad, subtle, and sweet. They look forward. They do no dwell. Reading this book is like taking a breath on the coast after staying inland for too long.
All of our feelings can find a place in these poems.
Izzy Ferguson is a contemporary poet living and working in Portland, Oregon. Her first book, The First Order Of Business, was also published by Two Plum Press.
is like the actual scarecrow on an ideal morning in someone's actual yard. When I left to go think about dogs, I had two cups of coffee and one glass of grape- fruit juice. I'm pressed, like a flower. And you, like tea leaves, don't say much exactly. We are modest people but I have always admired you and I stand up straight and my hair looks best right after I leave you. It is like helping load a vibraphone into a neighbor's car. It is always a strange time of year. I thought it was in the hands of the water.


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Home/News/Akshay, Sara, Dhanush to resume 'Atrangi Re' shoot in October
Akshay, Sara, Dhanush to resume 'Atrangi Re' shoot in October
By IANS| Published: 27th July 2020 12:52 am IST
Mumbai: Akshay Kumar, Sara Ali Khan and Dhanush are all set to resume shooting in October for their upcoming co-starrer.
The film, Aanand L. Rai's "Atrangi Re", will follow a shooting schedule across Madurai, Delhi and Mumbai.
"During this lockdown, I've taken out a lot of time to prepare for the upcoming schedules of 'Atrangi Re'. I'm really excited to start the next schedule, which is planned to happen in Madurai, October onwards, and then with Akshay for a month in Delhi and Mumbai, with all safety precautions in place, of course," Rai shared.
Sara and Dhanush had already finished the film's first schedule in Varanasi before the lockdown.
READ: Nitish inaugurates six-laned Digha road
Written by Himanshu Sharma, "Atrangi Re" is slated to open in 2021.


text:
Q: How can I pass none value to sys.argv[1] in python I just want a quick help:
How can I pass no value in sys.argv[1] file in python?
For example:
For this, my code works and gives the desired result
>python.py Hello
some if-else and for loop
if sys.argv[1] == 'Hello':
    print(something)

But this code doesn't work as I want it to
>python.py
if sys.argv[1] == None:
    print(something)

I don't want to use try and Except block for my program execution, do you guys have a way around for this problem? How can I pass literally no value?
Thanks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
King Oedipus as The Classical Greek Tragic Hero Essay
King Oedipus as The Classical Greek Tragic Hero
In his Poetics, Aristotle defined the term 'tragedy' as 'a man not preeminently virtuous and just, whose misfortune, however, is brought upon him not by vice or depravity, but by some error in judgement' the change in the hero's fortune must not be from misery to happiness, but on the contrary, from happiness to misery'. From this definition, he further expanded it by defining the profile of the Classical Greek tragic hero, basing it on what he considered the best tragedy ever written, Sophocle's Oedipus Rex. He felt that a tragedy should comprise of the hero's goodness and superiority, a tragic flaw in which the hero makes fatal errors in judgement which eventually lead to his downfall, a tragic realisation in which the main character understand how he has unwittingly helped to bring about his own destruction and the absence of freewill in the tragic hero's life.
Oedipus was a good ruler: just, compassionate and sympathetic. When the priests of Thebes approached him, pleading for help on behalf of the people of Thebes who were suffering from death and famine. Oedipus immediately agreed and promised them that he would do his best in solving the problems, saying that his heart bore ?the weight of his own? and ?all of his people?s sorrows?. He promised to ?bring everything to light?. Oedipus was also a filial son. When he first learnt about the prophecy in Corinth, he was unwilling to stay and left immediately, in case circumstances would ever lead him to kill the King and marry the Queen of Corinth, whom he had then thought of as his natural parents.
Oedipus? superiority was also evident in the play, not only through his ranking of the king of Thebes, which automatically placed him far above the nobles, priests and common people, but also through his intelligence. When the Sphinx ?plagued? the city by blocking the city gates and eating those who could not answer its riddle, which was "what is it that goes on four feet in the morning, two feet at midday, and three feet in the evening?" Oedipus was the only person able to chase the Sphinx away with the correct answer of ?man?. This led to him becoming the king of Thebes which in turn led to his superiority of ranking.
However, Oedipus was not a perfect man. His tragic flaw was that of stubbornness, impulsiveness and most of all, his grandiosity (wh...
...d that Oedipus find Lauis? killer. This sparked off a whole chain of events which led to Oedipus finding out the truth, Jocasta killing herself, Oedipus blinding himself and finally leaving Thebes. The man who once was envied and respected was now an outcast, despised and hated.
A tragedy must be an imitation of life in the form of a serious story that is complete in itself. In other words, the story must be realistic and narrow in focus. A good tragedy would evoke pity and fear in its viewers, causing the viewers to experience a feeling of catharsis. Catharsis, a Greek word in origin, means "purgation" or "purification". Running through the gamut of these strong emotions would leave viewers feeling elated, in the same way we often claim that "a good cry" would make a person feel better. Oedipus Rex is a perfect example of what Aristotle meant by a tragedy. It talks about a man who has no say in what path his life would take, a man who once had everything. He was a king, a good husband and father, a man contented with his lot in life who eventually lost his status, wife, children and home. He evokes sympathy simply because he was not evil or foolish, just human and fallible.
Tragic Flaws in Oedipus the King Essay example
- Oedipus the King, Sophocles' classical Greek tragedy, presents tragic flaw(s) as the cause of the near-total destruction of the life of the protagonist. This essay examines that flaw. In his essay "Sophoclean Tragedy" Friedrich Nietzsche agrees that there is an "error" within the protagonist, but refrains from specifying exactly what it is: The most pathetic figure of the Greek theatre, the unfortunate Oedipus, Sophocles takes to be a noble man called to error and alienation in spite of his wisdom, yet called too, in the end, through monstrous suffering, to radiate a magic power rich in a blessing which works even after he passes on.... [tags: Oedipus the King Essays]
Oedipus The King : A Greek Play Essay
- Oedipus the King Oedipus the King is a popular Greek play also known by its Latin title Oedipus Rex. Oedipus was written by Sophocles and was first performed in 429 BC. Over the thousands of years since its publication, Oedipus the King has been reviewed and analyzed by several renowned scholars who have all conceded that it is one of the best tragic drama pieces that draw their descent from ancient Greece (Rao, Wolf and Sophocles). This paper is a critical review of the ideas that the author of this drama had in mind as he was writing it.... [tags: Oedipus the King, Oedipus, Sophocles, Tragedy]
Description of Humanism Greek Culture Essays
- During the Hellenic Age which is sometimes known as the classical period for the Greeks and is dated c.500-300 B.C. In this time period the Greek culture flourish philosophy developed, sculpturing became more sophisticated, and the greatest of them all was the birth of humanism. Humanism is described as being "any system or mode of thought or action in which human interests, values, and dignity predominate" ("Humanism n.pag.). Humanism meant making men superior over all things and that men were supreme even over the Gods.... [tags: greek culture, hellenic age, humanism]
Qualities Illustrated in Archaic and Classical Greek Novels Essay
- Western thought and culture grew out of Greek ideals. Since "there is nothing new under the sun," (Ecclesiastes 1:9) many of the ideals expressed by Homer, Sophocles, and Hesiod ring true for Westerners today. Part of the myth of a tragic hero includes a leadership position of some sort: often noble birth, kingship, or military leadership. Tragic plays like Oedipus Rex, Antigone, and the Iliad served as worship, entertainment, examples of virtue, and cautionary tales. Modern Americans can look back at such works and apply the ideas to selecting and serving as leaders on a national, community, or family level.... [tags: self-control, fairness, moral, service, honor]
Oedipus the King: A Greek Tragic Hero Essay
- Oedipus is a play written by Sophocles that many have heard. Few, however, would not be surprised to discover what Oedipus has discovered at the end of the play, that our tragic hero has killed his own father only to marry his mother. Many ask how this play could be a tragedy. What is the definition of tragedy. Aristotle's 'The Poetics', is a work in which he tried to define what tragedy was. Aristotle decided that the hero, or at least the main character in a tragedy must be centrally good, but must bring about himself his demise, due to a fatal flaw, known as 'hamartia'.... [tags: Oedipus Rex, Sophocles]
Oedipus : The King Of Thebes And Tragic Hero Essay
- Oedipus: The King of Thebes and Tragic Hero Ancient Greek Literature encompasses an assortment of poetry and drama to include the great masterpieces of tragedy. In Classic Literature, tragedies are commonly known for their elaboration of a protagonist fitting the classification of a tragic hero. This type of hero often collectively described as a character of noble birth, facing an adversity of some nature and a fate of great suffering. The characteristics of what encompasses a tragic hero are most prominently recognized from the viewpoint of the extraordinary Greek philosopher, Aristotle, in his work Poetics.... [tags: Tragedy, Poetics, Sophocles, Anagnorisis]
Oedipus the King, a Tragic Hero Essay
- Oedipus, a tragic hero Sophocles's Oedipus Rex is probably the most famous tragedy ever written. Sophocles's tragedy represents a monumental theatrical and interpretative challenge. Oedipus Rex is the story of a King of Thebes upon whom a hereditary curse is placed and who therefore has to suffer the tragic consequences of fate (tragic flaws or hamartia). In the play, Oedipus is the tragic hero. Even though fate victimizes Oedipus, he is a tragic figure since his own heroic qualities, his loyalty to Thebes, and his fidelity to the truth ruin him.... [tags: Oedipus Rex, Sophocles]
Essay about Oedipus The King is a Greek Disaster
- Oedipus the king by Sophocles is one of the oldest ancient Greek tragedies known to the common world. The play posses all factors that a classic Greek tragedy requires. To further explain, I agree with the fact that "Oedipus the King" by Sophocles is a Greek disaster. This hard to believe, remarkable play has been proven to be a Greek tragedy by Aristotle. In Aristotle's thoughts, a classical drama must tell the story of a downfall, have unexpected twists of fate, cause pity and fear in the audience, and have a disastrous ending.... [tags: Sophocles]
Essay on Oedipus the King
- Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles, is a tragic drama that portrays a great deal of irony. Oedipus, the protagonist, suffers serious misfortune that is significant in that the "misfortune is logically connected with the hero's actions" (AbleMedia LLC). When the reader learns about the background of Greek culture and the life of Sophocles, this tragic drama is able to become more alive and valuable. It is important to familiarize oneself with the author because it allows for a greater connection to the dialogue presented.... [tags: Greek Literature]
Essay about Use of the Classical Tragic Mold in Shakespeare's Macbeth
- Macbeth: The Use of the Classical Tragic Mold in Character Development In Shakespeare's tragedy, Macbeth, there are many characters. Only one character stands out, and his name is in the title of the play. Macbeth's character was made in the mold of the ancient Greek tragic hero. Besides being endowed by Shakespeare with an abundance and variety of potential traits and characteristics, Macbeth also follows the Classical Tragic Mold, which is presented with a hefty supply of hubris, and in this case, ambition.... [tags: Macbeth essays]
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Vision Source Mandeville offers a number of cutting-edge vision care services and products at our optometrist office in Mandeville.
To learn more about the specific products we offer and conditions we treat, please select one of the subcategories below and schedule an appointment with C.J. Pollet, OD.


Integrated visual camera and infrared sensor resolution of 160×120 pixels.
Quickly visualise and analyse differences in temperature, and document the results easily.
5" colour display for thermal imaging.
Micro USB port for data transfer and integrated WiFi hotspot for transferring reports via the Bosch Measuring Master App.
Robust design, IP 53 rated with a dual power source.
Since being named a #builtwithBosch professional tester more than two months ago, our trainers have been trialling the new Bosch GTC 400C Thermal Camera, with our customers on hand to also put it to use during their training.
Despite BS7671 not recognising thermographic surveying as a test method, thermal cameras are still incredibly useful for identifying potential hot spots in circuits and in installations, without the hassle of turning equipment off and checking it with a torque screwdriver.
The robust, durable build of the camera means it's safe for use on site, where the risk of being dropped is great. "It's got a chunky case and a set back screen so it won't get damaged if you lay it down or drop it, and I love the lens cap cover, which protects the lens and tells you to take it off" our trainer says.
It features both a camera and an infrared sensor, with the camera good enough quality to allow you to get a clear and precise image. The Thermal Camera features a wide variety of viewing modes, to ensure you find the right one that works for your work.
A major benefit of the Bosch GTC 400C Thermal Camera is that the photos taken can be transferred to a computer via the data cable or via WiFi and the Bosch Master Measuring App. By simply transferring the images over the app, you can select which photos you want and create a report almost instantly to send to the customer.
During the entire review process, our trainers have been using the Thermal Camera to identify something that is hotter than everything else around it. With the Bosch Thermal Camera, you can identify that lose connection without having to turn anything off, and it would also point you in the right direction of what needs tightening.
The major pros with the Bosch GTC 400C Thermal Camera is its price, more budget friendly than other high end handheld cameras, ease of use and the robust build that means it's great for site and less likely to get as damaged as a plug in thermal camera for your phone.
4.5 stars – for domestic electricians – a thermal camera wouldn't be as useful for day to day domestic electrical work, however you may find that you want to start off with a phone attachment to see how often you would be using it, and then later on upgrading to a handheld camera like the Bosch GTC 400C.
5 stars – for commercial electricians – its robust build means it's brilliant for on site; where a phone attachment could easily break and get damaged, the Bosch handheld thermal camera would stand the test of time.
Intuitive design and very easy to use, with the menu offering a wide variety of options to tailor your thermal images to you and your customer.
Brilliant battery life, but also good to have the option between a 12v battery pack and AA batteries.
Robust build and design that prevents the camera from easily being damaged.
Price is good for a handheld, quality thermal camera.
Price could also seem expensive for some domestic installers, who may be only just getting into thermographic surveying.
Thank you Bosch for sending us the thermal camera to review! Find out where you can get yours here.


General Mills and South Dakota State University (SDSU) will open an oat variety development laboratory on the Brookings campus, called The Oats Research Laboratory, to advance the sustainability and quality of oats in the U.S.
"Our company has made a public commitment to source 100% of our oats by 2020 from growing regions that demonstrate continuous improvement against industry-based environmental metrics," said Jim Kirkwood, VP and chief science and technology development officer at General Mills.
The research laboratory, housed in the Young Brothers Seed Technology Building, includes laboratories, greenhouses and access to field trials.
General Mills agronomists and plant breeders will work alongside the university's plant science department comprised of plant breeders, grain scientists, seed experts, environmental scientists, field station managers and student researchers.
Together, their efforts will focus on improving the nutritional qualities of oats; developing better performing oat varieties with higher yields; and helping farmers improve agronomy practices to increase sustainability.
South Dakota is a natural fit for the laboratory because the state was ranked second in U.S. oat production in 2015 and the public breeding program is one of the mainstays of South Dakota's agriculture experiment station.
Oats, unlike other commodities like corn and soybeans, do not benefit from large scale private or commercial breeding programs.
In addition, oats are a critical part of the crop rotation in the state, providing soil health benefits, reducing soil erosion, requiring fewer inputs and no irrigation water while producing a nutrient rich product.
More than 600 products in the company's U.S. portfolio contain oats.
In fiscal 2015, 25% of the company's U.S. retail sales volume comprised products containing whole grain oats.


Everyone has their own sense of what a project is or what a task is, and how far they want to refine that concept. As an example, let's say you need food for a party, so you create a task with the title "Get Food". What does that mean?
You could simply create a task for each food item.
Or you can create a sub-task for each grocery store, with a sub-task under each store for each food item.
The implication here is that "Bakery" isn't a task as in "something to do", it's just a task for organization, a container to support other tasks underneath it. So tasks are used for organization as well as to itemize concrete things to do. Note also here that each food item task is a thing to "get", not a thing to "do".
There's no right answer to organization. The challenge is to organize the tasks in whatever way makes the most sense to you. Quite frequently we create tasks and then decide to move them around to make more sense. ToDoList makes this very easy with keys and menu options to move and copy one ore more tasks, retaining structures, and shifting entire structures under others.
For example: In this scenario there is a party, so perhaps you want a top-level task called Party with Get Food as one of the sub-tasks, and food items under that.
Note here that Party was made a top-level task, and Get Food and related "nodes" were shifted to be sub-tasks of Party.
But what is the party for? If it's a birthday then the party might just be one sub-task under that, and there are probably tasks other than just getting food. Again we create a new top-level task and shift everything else under it, then add new ones.
Finally, note above that with a random thought process, the various tasks seem out of order. Tasks don't necessarily need to be entered or displayed in the order in which they occur. But after tasks are created, it's easy to move them up and down in a way that makes more sense.
Task lists grow and get re-arranged like this all the time - as you explore each task you think about more specific things that need to be done. You might estimate a business project to take 50 hours but to document that you'll need to think about each milestone, and what needs to be done to achieve each goal. So tasks routinely get added, shifted, and moved around in whatever way seems most appropriate.
Information about exactly how to move tasks will be posted soon in the User Interface section.


text:
La rue de Briord est une rue piétonne située dans le centre-ville de Nantes, en France.

Description
La rue de Briord, qui relie la rue de Verdun (en un point situé à l'angle nord de la place du Pilori), à la place Saint-Vincent, est bitumée et fait partie du secteur pionnier (son accès nord est réservé aux riverains et commerçants depuis l'installation de bornes escamotables).

Dénomination
La rue a été appelée « rue des Jésuites » et, pendant la Révolution, « rue Bossuet ».

Histoire
Jusqu'au  l'axe principal nord-sud de la cité liait le Port-Communeau, le long de l'Erdre au Port-Maillard, le long de la Loire. Il était composé des actuelles rues des Pénitentes, Saint-Jean, Saint-Vincent, de Briord, place du Pilori, rues des Chapeliers et des Petites-Écuries. À la fin du Moyen Âge, l'axe de communication se déplace vers l'ouest. Il est formé des actuelles rues Léon-Blum (anciennement « rue du Port-Communeau »), Saint-Léonard, des Carmes, place du Change et rue de la Paix, dans le prolongement de la ligne des ponts franchissant la Loire. Dès lors, la rue de Briord fait partie d'un axe secondaire.

Architecture
Au  de la rue, Victoire Durand-Gasselin signe la conception, en 1947, 1948 et 1951, du local de livraison des magasins Decré.

Au  se trouve l'hôtel de Briord (ou de La Boulevardière), ancienne propriété de l'abbaye de Villeneuve, acquis en 1473 par Pierre Landais, principal conseiller du duc François II, exécuté sur l'échafaud en 1485. Sa fille, Françoise L'Espervier, dame de La Boulevardière, en hérite, et l'hôtel sert, au , de logement du gouverneur du château des ducs de Bretagne. En 1613 et 1618, les Oratoriens achètent l'hôtel, mais les instances municipales les empêchent de s'y installer. La même opposition n'empêche pas les Jésuites d'occuper le bâtiment à partir 1671. L'immeuble est vendu en 1776, après leur expulsion. Il connaît par la suite plusieurs propriétaires dont les magasins Decré qui en font une annexe.

Au  de la rue se trouve l'hôtel de Châteaubriant, une des entrées de l'école supérieure des beaux-arts de Nantes Métropole (ESBANM) fermée en .

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 .
 .
 .
 .

Articles connexes

 Liste des voies de Nantes

Liens externes
 Rue de Briord, sur le site des archives municipales de Nantes

Briord
Briord
Briord


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text:
friendly exes
Khloe Kardashian 'concerned' about ex amid hospitalization
By Mark Gray Wonderwall 11:09am PST, Nov 23, 2019
Khloe Kardashian still has a soft spot in her heart for French Montana, so she reached out after hearing of his hospitalization.
Amy Sussman/E! Entertainment/NBCU Photo Bank via Getty Images
The rapper was hospitalized earlier this week due to stomach and cardiac issues. There are some reports that claim French was simply "intoxicated," something his camp has denied.
He is still in the hospital while doctors run tests to try and determine the cause of his issues.
"Khloe has been in touch with French. She heard the news and was concerned about him," a source told E! News.
The "Keeping Up With The Kardashians" star, the source said, wanted to "make sure [French] is going to be ok and see if he needs anything. She is still worried about him and hoping he gets some good news and they figure out what's going on."
MPNC/AKM-GSI
Khloe and French dated throughout much of 2014, but they remained friendly after their split.
In an interview earlier this year with Haute Living, the "Slide" rapper reminisced about the romance.
"Me and Khloe are always going to be friends, and the family still remains close," he said. "I feel like we had a real dope relationship. There was no bad blood, nobody did something to somebody that we couldn't come back from. The love was real."
He added, "When the love was like that, it's always going to be like that. Friendship after a relationship is something that's real hard to do, and I'm glad we've been able to do it."
In first interview since son's death at 24, supermodel reveals what helps her grief, more stars who've lost children in recent years Share Tweet
As Season 27 of 'The Bachelor' airs, look back at some of the biggest scandals in Bachelor Nation history Share Tweet
Stars react to the Biden, Pence, Trump classified documents discoveries: Bill Maher, Jon Stewart, Donald Trump, Geraldo Rivera and more Share Tweet
Oscar nominees Paul Mescal, Colin Farrell and more of our favorite Irish celebrities Share Tweet


Messi's arm was pinned underneath him and bent at an awkward angle during Barcelona's match.
He fell to the ground after a tussle in Barcelona's win over Sevilla on Saturday.
MADRID - Barcelona ended its slump and regained the Spanish league lead but there was little to celebrate as Lionel Messi left the field in pain after hurting his right elbow.


text:
in Changemakers, Inspirational, Karnataka
The Rural School Teacher Who Is Spreading Gandhi's Message In An Amazingly Unique Way
by Sanjay Joshi October 2, 2014, 12:36 pm
We all have our role models but some people adore their leaders so much that they transform their own identity. Basavaraju is one such person who has taken his love for Gandhi to a whole new level – he not only follows his lifestyle but also impersonates Gandhi for a few hours or even days to spread his teachings! Read the interesting story of this modern-day Gandhi.
A primary school physical education teacher evokes Gandhi amongst his school students and the common humans on the streets. Meet Bagadehalli Basavaraju, a teacher whose passion is Gandhi – whom he not only emulates but also impersonates for others in a small town Kadur in Chikkamaglur District, Karnataka.
Bagadehalli Basavaraju, a teacher by profession and a staunch believer in the ideals of Gandhi, has been performing as a living statue of Gandhi for the past 14 years. What is interesting is that he characterises himself not just as Gandhi but imitates the "statue"of Gandhi by painting himself silver and adorning himself with accessories. Initially, Basavaraju used silver oil paint, but was provided access to a less harmful paint used by actors. He began this performance as a mode to "replace" words and spread the Gandhian ideology not through any speech but by using the power of the visual imagery to make an impact. His image is the message of Gandhi for the people to see and internalise.
Born in a poor family, Basavaraju studied hard and made his way into the education system by landing the job of a physical education teacher in a small private school in Kadur. Gandhi is his passion, his ideology of life and things around him.
During festivals, big cultural events or October 2, Basavaraju dons the Gandhi avatar. He poses for hours either standing or sitting like a Gandhi statue, evoking the "Gandhi" amongst the onlookers. Some label him mad, others think he has an innovative style to beg and do throw a few coins, while many come and question him on this impersonation. This helps him to open a tiny window in the minds of those who question, and to talk about the relevance and the need to practice the Gandhian ideals.
Self-sponsored and ardently supported by his family, Basavaraju meta-morphs into a Gandhian image for a few hours or days for everyone, but a life for himself and his family. He leads a simple and satisfied life, while pursuing his passion.
Children are important thought builders and he spends time with them sharing the Gandhian ideology, because peace is what he yearns for everyone and himself. As he puts it, war is all around – be it amongst nations, religious communities, groups or even different castes. Basavaraju wants peace and this tiny act of impersonation of Gandhi helps him focus people's attention towards peace and its importance in today's strife-torn world.
Basavaraju also spends time teaching yoga to school children. Nowadays, there is a tremendous demand on his time as other schools call him to come and teach their children about Gandhi and, of course, yoga. His other pet projects are waste management because cleanliness is something he does not compromise on.
Recognition has followed Basavaraju. In his normal attire, Basavaraju today is a respected man in Kadur. Vegetable vendors, auto fellows, everyone calls out to him as Gandhi. No medals, no certificates, no awards or rewards, no pomp – but all show of what, who and how of Gandhi. Today, photographic exhibitions are being held all across the country that are a tribute to the passion, dedication and perseverance that form the basis of Gandhi's life and his ideals. Basavaraju is an incognito hero who is living by those ideals everyday.
Like this story? Or have something to share? Write to us: contact@thebetterindia.com, or connect with us on Facebook and Twitter (@thebetterindia)
About the Authors: Cop Shiva is a policeman living in Bengaluru, who is passionate about photography. He documented the life of Basavaraju and was kind enough to share the story and the pictures.
Sanjay Joshi is a development worker, focused on enhancing lives of women. He has worked in maternal and child health, water and sanitation, HIV and is currently focusing on sanitation access to women through micro-finance. He is the CEO of Shanti Life India Foundation, a new start up that aims at providing credit access to vulnerable women for sanitation and small businesses.


3/11/15 Well the FT-857D has been in the shack for a month now and it seems to work flawlessly here so I'm fairly confident that my problem was DC voltage. Now that the weather has warmed significantly perhaps I can open the hood of the car and mull over where to go next with a re installation. I do miss it.
The reinstalled radio is shown at right. It fits into the console fairly nicely. Is convenient and doesn't interfere with either the looks or function of the console. The Little Tarheel antenna rocker switch is just out of the picture to the left of the heater/AC controls, stuck to the console with double sided tape. The speaker, an MFJ speaker sits on the dash, also mounted with double sided tape. I could interface it with the car sound system but I think I like it better with its own dedicated speaker. It's great to have a setup that will work all frequencies from 160 through 440.
3/17/15 Yesterday it was a really nice day so I parked the car in the sun, opened the hood and began exploring for an easy way to get power from the battery to the underside of the front passenger seat where I want to install the Yaesu. There it was! A large rubber "plug" in a larger hole in the passenger side of the firewall. It has a molded cable through the center but lots of space around that. So I carefully (well not too carefully) cut a slit in it and fished the #10 power cable through it. I had already removed the glove box cover thanks to a YouTube video that showed how so it was really easy to fish the wires out from under the dash. And their don't appear to be any sharp edges to threaten them.
With that done I encased the wires in a plastic corrugated sheath (one of those that is split lengthwise) and tie wrapped it all up against the firewall away from the engine and any moving parts. Then I attached a 30 Amp fuse holder in each wire and attached them to the battery. I removed the fuses for now since the wires are not connected to anything inside yet.
I decided yesterday to install a power block on the inside of the cabin side of the firewall to make it easy to change radios and power multiple devices as needed. I have a Little Tarheel Screwdriver antenna so need power for it in addition to the radio. Last night I ordered a pre-made block using Anderson Power poles jacks. It should be here on Monday.
Next came re-installing the antenna. I wanted to put it back on the license plate mount but without the spring. I also noticed that things were pretty badly corroded so spent some time cleaning it all up. Salt from the roads is a real mess up here in Wisconsin. I haven't checked it with RF so am not positive all is well but I think it is. The biggest problem was that the control cable which uses a small Molex connector was corroded. It took some cleaning with alcohol to finally get that to take power. I fear it may be erratic.
Another problem is that the coax connector on the bottom of the antenna has a smooth edge rather than having teeth or even four notches. The PL259 plug has two teeth on it. The result is a not too good connection for RF. I think that further explains why after a few months of using it last year it developed an intermittent antenna connection. I think I'll write the Tarheel people and ask about that as it just looks like a matter of time until the intermittent is back.
I may rerun the feed-line and antenna control line tomorrow for the antenna and put the radio back under the seat so I'm all ready to go when the Power pole panel arrives.
3/21/15 Since this is the first day of Spring I decided I better work on the installation at least a little. So I installed my VHF/UHF mag mount antenna so the feedline can come up from the trunk instead of through a side door. So made a little overall progress today.
Anderson Power Pole block in small pocket on the passenger side of the console.
4/7/15 I completed the installation. Found a neat place for the Anderson Power Pole Power power block on the passenger side of the center console in my Hyundai Sonata. It has this little "pocket" molded into the plastic that is only a couple of inches deep and as you can see not very practically shaped so you really can't put much in it. But it was wide and deep enough for me to make a plastic plate into which I mounted the Anderson Power Pole jacks. It provides easy access to the firewall where the wire comes through. So I'm pleased. I installed four jacks.
But the best news is that there is ABSOLUTELY NO ELECTRICAL OR ENGINE NOISE on the radio! It is as quite with the engine running as when it is off. And the voltage is stable at 14.3 volts whether listening or transmitting at 100 watts. I suppose that is in part thanks to the number ten wire that goes directly to the battery.
As I said above I connected the Power Pole panel directly to the battery plus and minus. As I thumbed through the May 2015 issue of QST recently I came across K0BG's article on "The Modern Mobile on page 35. In it he points out that later model cars have a current or load sensor built into the ground lead from the battery which feeds to the car's computer so it can manage the charging and other things properly. So he says you should not connect your rig's negative line directly to the battery lug but to the body end of the ground lead from the battery so the rig's current goes through the sensor so in turn the car can manage the load current accurately. So I made that change. I recall when I initially connected it up I was a bit puzzled by the rather elaborate ground cable connector on the battery and wondered what the extra "signal" wires were all about. Now I know! Can't say I notice anything different either about the car or the rig as a result but I feel better knowing my car knows all it needs to know to keep me going down the road.
I've had several dozen QSOs on 40, 20, 17 and 24 meters, a couple DX to Europe. I've run a full 100 watts with no noticeable affect on the car. The antenna is easy to tune. I initially marked 80, 40 and 20 mtrs on the Little Tarheel screwdriver with blue painters tape so I just run it to those and then tweak it by listening for peak noise or signal and then give it a final tweak on transmit for lowest SWR. It registers very near to 1:1 on all frequencies.
Needless to say I am very pleased with this re-install.
5/8/15 I've really enjoyed having the mobile back in the car. Nearly every time I drive I turn it on and if the bands are friendly at all try and usually have a QSO. The mainstay is the Midcars Net on 7.258mhz. Someone is almost always there so it is pretty rare to NOT get a QSO. Another I check out almost every time is the YL System Net on 14.332mhz. I'm impressed how they have two net control stations on almost all the time so no matter where you are in the country you can likely be heard. Beyond that I just check around and either call or respond to a CQ.
The Little Tarheel screwdriver antenna really works well. This is not a commercial for them but I have absolutely no complaints. I have learned that installation details are important. Driving down to south Chicago the other day with a friend in the rain I wanted to show off ham radio. But the antenna wouldn't tune. It went up and down but the SWR was terrible and didn't change much on any band. So when I got home I decided to trouble shoot it. I checked the cables from the radio to the antenna and all was well. I used a dummy load to do that. I then took my trusty little MFJ-204B Antenna Bridge and connected it directly to the antenna base. Just as the radio thought it didn't tune, had no obvious resonant frequency and never changed regardless of where the coil was adjusted.
I decided to completely remove it thinking something had gone wrong inside and I'd probably need to send it to the factory. But within moments I realized the problem. The insulating washer that fits between the base of the antenna and the mounting bracket was all cruded up and acted like a conductor rather than an insulator! So I cleaned it up real good, put some silicone sealer around it and remounted the antenna. Works perfect! Moral to the story, especially in this winter/salt country, check your antenna often and do whatever you can to protect these vital spots on the installation.