text:
Brahmanical Temple Art and Architecture in Hadoti
Ambika Dhaka (Author)
Temples of India are an epitome of faith, devotion and a live documentary of the culture, tradition and sentiments of the people of Indian landmass. This book narrates the fascinating saga of the evolution and development of art and architectural styles of temples in Hadoti region of Rajasthan from the earliest times to Post-Gupta period.
The book introduces Hadoti region in spectacular way touching upon geography, topography, river system and deliberating its historical background. A special feature of the book lies in a discussion on temples and its remain at Darra, Char-Choma, Rangpur, Keshoraipatan and Chandrabhaga. In the light of some new temple architectural remains, this book can claim to be a pioneer and authoritative work, revealing some unseen facets of temple art of Hadoti.
The book identifies and studies magnificent features of the principal architectural styles in Hadoti region and makes a comparative study of with the rest of Rajasthan in a systematic manner so as to build up a logical and coherent picture of it.
The book has line drawings and 76 illustrations. It is hoped that the scholar and reader will enjoy going through the book.
Ambika Dhaka
Ambika Dhaka, Assistant Professor, Department of History, Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Bikaner, is an eminent young scholar of Indian art, architecture and archaeology.
Iconography Now: Rewriting Art History?
The Earliest Mandala of Subhakarasimha (637-735 CE)
135.00 $ 150.00 $
The Iconography of Avalokitesvara in Mainland South East Asia
Indian and East Asian Art and Iconography
Reviews in total
Title	Brahmanical Temple Art and Architecture in Hadoti
Author	Ambika Dhaka
Publisher	Bharatiya Kala Prakashan
length	xx+114p., 6 Figures; 76 Colour Plates; Index; 28cm.
Subjects Art and Architecture > Iconography


Pearson Frank are currently working alongside one of the largest public sector departments for a project which they are in need of multiple Frontend Developers to join their team for an exciting web-based project. Due to the sensitive nature of the project you would require active (or previously active) SC level clearance.
Day-to-day you would be building and improving new and existing digital services that are used across the UK for a variety of different tools. You would be joining the already established development team to work on these projects.


Whenever you regarding maintaining a healthy lifestyle, there are certain topics that always arise. Physicians ask about your high blood pressure. They will ask you about your weight and the share of body fat in your body. Some doctors will want to check your normal cholesterol range. Do you really understand cholesterol odor it works in the male body? Do you understand what cholesterol is designed for?
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text:
gradient-descent.js
===================

javascript gradient-descent library

##### Using gradient-descent.js in your projects

You can manually download the releases here, extract them, copy the necessary files to your project directory, and include them in your html files.

Or you can use Bower, the frontend dependency management system. This is project is not yet a Bower package so your bower.json will have to be like this:

```
{
    ...
    "dependencies": {
        ...
        "gradient-descent": "git://github.com/arnellebalane/gradient-descent.js"
    }
}
```

You can directly include the script files in your project, although this library is also AMD-compatible in case you wanna use libraries like RequireJS.

##### Sampe Usage

After successfully including this library you will have access to the `GradientDescent` class. Just create a new instance of that class, passing in a JSON object for configuration.

```
var gd = new GradientDescent({
    features: 2,
    thetas: [0, 0, 0],
    alpha: 0.01,
    cost_change_threshold: 0.000001,
    powers: [1, 1],
    normalize: false,
});
```

That will create a custom-configured gradient descent.

###### train()

To train that instance, you can use the `.train()` method.

```
gd.train(training_data);
```

The `training_data` argument must be an array of objects containing the keys `features` and `label`.

###### validate()

To validate the performace of the gradient descent and get its mean square error (MSE), you can use the `.validate()` method.

```
`gd.validate(validation_data);
```

The `validation_data` argument is of the same format with `training_data`.

###### predict()

To predict the output for a specific set of features, you can use the `.predict()` command. It accepts the array of features and returns its predicted output for that set of features.

```
var output = gd.predict([3, 4]);
```

##### Publish/Subscribe

This library implements the publish / subscribe design pattern, so you can listen to internal events from outside the library. The possible events are: `cost_update`, `theta_update`, `done`, `terminate`.

###### subscribe()

To subscribe to a specific event, you can `.subscribe()` method.

```
gd.subscribe('done', function(e) {
    console.log('DONE!');
});
```

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Goniodoris meracula
Burn, 1958
Family: Goniodorididae
Southeastern Australia: From Pearson Island, South Australia to the mid New South Wales coast, from intertidal to 65m depth. [Burn [in] Shepherd & Thomas, 1989]
Sorrento Pier, Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, March 1986. Upper right - Whole animal crawling over ascidian colony. Lower left - Two animals on ascidian colony which has been torn open to show hidden egg ribbons. Lower right - An animal nestled in a burrow it has eaten out in the ascidian colony. Note foot folded up the walls of the burrow. Photos: Bill Rudman.
The body shape is typical for the genus with a high body and pointed tail. The edge of the mantle is extended into a very thin, narrow, rim-like flange, minutely crenulate and roughened, continuous all round the body except behind the gills. The oral tentacles are large, and the separate gills are arranged in a circlet around the anal papilla. The body is translucent with a mottled pattern of browns and white, the proportion of each varying in different specimens. From my notes on living animals I describe the colour as " Translucent body covered with dense specks of either dark rusty brown or creamy white. The colours are not uniform over the surface but in aggregations of one colour or the other giving a patchy brown and white appearance to the head, walls of the foot and tail. The dorsum is mostly brown-speckled with some small measure of white mottling. The rhinophore stalks are almost entirely brown while the clubs are predominantly white but with a lot of brown patching. The gills are similar in colour to the rhinophores, only the very distal tips having any white speckling. From the base of each gill there is a ridge running to the anus, the ridges appearing as spokes of a wheel whose hub is the anus. It grows to approximately to 20 mm in length.
Animals are usually found associated with colonial acidians. They usually feed by burrowing into the colony, forming a hole not much larger than the slug. The foot is usually folded up the sides of the hole so the slug's body is effectively surrounded by its own foot. In some instances the exit/entrance hole in the ascidian colony is smaller than the slug, suggesting that it has grown in size since entering the ascidian colony. In these cases the slug is almost invisible from the outside. The most obvious indication of the slug's presence are its egg ribbons which it deposits on the ascidian usually around the entrance to its burrow, but sometimes inside the burrow.
• Burn, R.F. (1958). Further Victorian Opisthobranchia. Journal of the Malacological Society Australia, 1(2): 20-36, pls. 6-7.
• Burn, R. (1989). Opisthobranchs, in Shepherd, S.A. & Thomas, I.M. Marine Invertebrates of Southern Australia, Part II. South Australian Government Printing Division, Adelaide. 900 pages
Rudman, W.B., 2003 (September 3) Goniodoris meracula Burn, 1958. [In] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from http://www.seaslugforum.net/factsheet/gonmerac
Goniodoris meracula from southeastern Australia ?
From: Andrew Newton, April 7, 2008
Goniodoris meracula from S.E. Australia
From: John Chuk, September 2, 2003
Goniodoris meracula - egg ribbons
From: Rachel Przeslawski, September 1, 2003
Eggs of Goniodoris meracula
From: Kirsten Benkendorff, April 8, 1998

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
James Shepherd (born 1940) is a former Australian professional tennis player.

Career
In 1962, he was defeated by Premjit Lall in the second round at the Australian Championships in men's singles. He also defeated Peter McPherson in the first round by the third section  In the same year he reached the first with Jimmy Tattersall and second round with Roger Taylor at the 1962 Wimbledon Championships. In 1964 he reached the second round again with Gary Cruth at the Australian Open. In 1968 Shepherd made his last match with John Newcombe at the Pacific Coast Professionals before he retired.

References

External links

1940 births
Living people
Australian male tennis players
Place of birth missing (living people)
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys' doubles
Australian Championships (tennis) junior champions

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Silverstein Complete New Album, Tour With Fall Out Boy and More!
Silverstein join Fall Out Boy, The Academy Is and Gym Class Heroes on a tour that starts today in Norfolk, Virginia at the Norva. "Playing with three of our favorite bands is exactly what we need, we can't wait to get on stage again", said Paul. The tour hits the Southeast and East Coast, Toronto and Montreal in Canada and Bamboozle Fest, before ending May 1st at the Chance in Poughkeepsie. All dates are listed below.
The United Kingdom tour is next on the list, starting on May 10th and running through May 20th, their fans will have the chance to rock out to Silverstein, as well as their friends and label mates in The Black Maria and Aiden. Previous tours with The Hurt Process were incendiary, expect nothing but more of the same this time! All dates are listed below.
Fans down under will get their first chance to see Silverstein there are five shows in May ranging from May 25th to May 29th. All dates are listed below.
Because they love the road and playing for their fans, Silverstein will play the first half of Warped Tour on the Maurice Stage, from June 18th through July 17th. Check WarpedTour.com or Silversteinmusic.com for more information.
Previous: Lost City Angels Gets Tapped for Social Distortion Tour!!


text:
Arystokles – imię męskie pochodzenia greckiego od Αριστοκλης: αριστος (aristos) – "najlepszy" i κλεος (kleos) – "sława, chwała". Oznaczało "najlepszą sławę". Było to prawdziwe imię filozofa Platona. Wśród świętych – św. Arystokles, męczennik (II wiek).

Arystokles imieniny obchodzi 23 czerwca.

Znane osoby noszące imię Arystokles:
 Platon
 Atenagoras I, patriarcha Konstantynopola, właśc. Aristokles Spyrou

Męskie imiona greckie


text:
All Rights Reserved. If you are the author of this article you do not need to formally request permission The symbol for phosphorous is P. The formula for aluminum combined with phosphorous is AlP (aluminum phosphide). Therefore, for the resulting compound to be neutral, two bromine anions must combine with one magnesium cation to form magnesium bromide (MgBr2). noble gasAny of the elements of group 18 of the periodic table, which are monatomic and, with very limited exceptions, inert, or non-reactive. It is used to kill small verminous mammals such as moles and rodents. Thank you very much for the great opportunity that you gave me to join you in this wonderful program\n\ni learnt a lot from this course which will help me a great\n\nThank you very much. The charge on the cations and anions in an ionic compound can be determined by the loss or gain of valence electrons necessary in order to achieve stable, noble gas electronic configurations. 1 Answer Nam D. Jun 5, 2018 #Ca_3(PO_4)_2# Explanation: Well, the name will be simple, as by ionic bonding rules, we first write down the name of the cation, in this case calcium, and then the name of the anion, which in this case is phosphate. Does Jerry Seinfeld have Parkinson's disease? aluminum sulfide: Al 3+ and S 2-combine to form Al 2 S 3; sodium sulfate: Na + and SO 4 2-combine to form Na 2 SO 4; ammonium phosphate: NH 4+ and PO 4 3-combine to form (NH 4) 3 PO 4; potassium chlorite: K + and ClO 2 – combine to form KClO 2; Video Summary Chemistry 5.3 Formula Writing: Ionic Compounds – YouTube. [9] Fumigation has also caused unintentional deaths.
The ionic composition is then defined by the requirement that the resulting compound be electrically neutral overall. Hydroalumination of aryldialkynylphosphines RP(CC–tBu)2 (R = Ph, Mes) with equimolar quantities of diethylaluminum hydride afforded mixed alkenyl–alkynyl cyclic dimers in which the dative aluminum–phosphorus bonds are geminal to the exocyclic alkenyl groups. formally request permission using Copyright Clearance Center.
In ionic compounds, such as aluminum fluoride, it exits as a trivalent aluminum ion, A1 3+.The hydrated aluminum ion is found in many compound e.g. This course is a precursor to the Advanced Chemistry Coursera course. When did organ music become associated with baseball? Does Jerry Seinfeld have Parkinson's disease? Instructions for using Copyright Clearance Center page for details. empirical formulaThe simplest whole-number ratio between elements in a formula of a compound. Then we will learn the rules of nomenclature that ensure that a compound is named according to IUPAC rules. [16][17], [PH+]12[Al-][PH+]3[Al-][PH+]([AlH-]14)[AlH-]1[P+]5([AlH-]38)[Al-]26[PH+]2[AlH-]([P+]4)[PH+]1[Al-][PH+]3[AlH-]2[P+][AlH-]([PH+]6[AlH-]([PH+])[PH+]68)[PH+]([Al-]6)[AlH-]35, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, "Millionaire's death sparks poison scare", "Family loses 2nd child in suspected pesticide poisoning", "4 children dead in Texas in pesticide spraying incident", "La familia de Alcalá de Guadaira murió tras inhalar plaguicida", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aluminium_phosphide&oldid=982350767, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 October 2020, at 16:22. In addition, though any ratio of 2 bromine atoms to 1 magnesium atom will satisfy the two requirements above, the formula for ionic compounds is typically presented as the empirical formula, or the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms with positive integers. As a rodenticide, aluminium phosphide pellets are provided as a mixture with food for consumption by the rodents.
[10][11][12] Known as "rice tablet" in Iran, for its use to preserve rice, there have been frequent incidents of accidental or intentional death.
The reaction with carbon dioxide gave cis/trans isomeric AlPC2O heterocycles that differ only by the configuration of the exocyclic alkenyl unit. This particular resource used the following sources: http://www.boundless.com/ Despite being dimeric, 2 behaves as a frustrated Lewis pair and activates small molecules. Aluminum;phosphorus (3-) Aluminium phosphide is an aluminium salt. The charge on the cations and anions is determined by the number of electrons required to achieve stable noble gas electronic configurations. polyatomic ionAn ion composed of several atoms. AlP is used as both a fumigant and an oral pesticide. "Reproduced from" can be substituted with "Adapted from".
Phosphates also are key components of DNA and RNA, which carry genetic information in all organisms. The first thing I'm going to do is write my chemical symbols for each of these elements. So we can actually show this as AlP. This course is designed to cover subjects in advanced high school chemistry courses, correlating to the standard topics as established by the American Chemical Society. There is a campaign by the Iranian Forensic Medicine Organization to stop its use as a pesticide. If you are 13 years old when were you born? Wikipedia A1 2 (SO 4) 3. In this problem we're going to find the formula for the compound formed from aluminium and phosphorus. 8cr13mov Vs 1095, Marguerite Whitley Cause Of Death, Amy Allen Songwriter Net Worth, Brooks Burgers Coupons, Small Dog Breeds Perth, North Myrtle Beach Sc Craigslist, The Jangly Man Story Pdf, Ucmj Article 137, Ruffed Grouse Alberta, Lifted Truck Or Sports Car, Rude One Liners, Wentworth Miller House, Publix Passport Login Portal, School Office Manager Test, Expedition Happiness What Happened To Rudy, Moe Era Marta, Ut Longhorn Face Mask, Katherine Noelle Wyman, Lorelei Mermaid Song, Sym Nht 125 Accessories, David Alvarez Height, Motorbike Hire Bournemouth, Brittany Furlan Ex, Joy Reid Parents, Life Works In Mysterious Ways Meaning, Boat Launch Greenwood Lake Nj, Gareth Ainsworth Leather Jacket, Il Faudra Leur Dire Chorale, Pimpmykeyboard Shipping Time, Rz F3 Filter Xl, Bret Engemann Net Worth, Gir Invader Zim Quotes, Professor Layton Games Online, Zoe Emily Winkler Net Worth, Serita Jakes Height, Michael Sorensen Cinematographer, Ark The Center Arena Location, Malayalam Bad Words, Why Do My Eyes Glow Gold In Pictures, Is A Hot Dog A Sandwich Type Questions, Deepak Kochhar Wiki, Dead Island Glitches, Monster Girl Maker Hair, Brittany Furlan Ex, Nyu Tisch Essays, Walmart Battery Warranty Reddit, Aldi Chicken Salad, " />
aluminum and phosphorus ionic compound
What is the formula for aluminum and phosphorus?
But for our ionic compounds, we always show them as our empirical formula with the lowest ratio. When did organ music become associated with baseball? [6], It is used as a fumigant when other pesticide applications are impractical and when structures and installations are being treated, such as in ships, aircraft, and grain silos. phosphorous is P. The formula for aluminum combined with Aluminium phosphide is a highly toxic inorganic compound with the chemical formula AlP used as a wide band gap semiconductor and a fumigant. What is the time signature of the song Atin Cu Pung Singsing? What is the hink-pink for blue green moray?
Areas that are covered include atomic structure, periodic trends, compounds, reactions and stoichiometry, bonding, and thermochemistry. The boat conformation (4) was obtained by the reaction of tBu–P(CC–tBu)2 with di(tert-butyl)aluminum hydride.
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The deaths occurred accidentally due to aluminium phosphide reacting with water or moisture, and becoming phosphine, leading to their death within hours.
article provided that the correct acknowledgement is given with the reproduced material. It generates phosphine gas according to the following hydrolysis equation. Indeed so helpful for a college student like me.
The symbol for phosphorous is P. The formula for aluminum combined with phosphorous is AlP (aluminum phosphide). All of these structures can be effectively sealed or enclosed in a gastight membrane, thereby containing and concentrating the phosphine fumes. An astrignent is a chemical that tends to shrink or constrict body tissues, usually locally after topical medicinal application. All Rights Reserved. Sodium Phosphate is an ionic compound formed by two ions, Sodium Na^+ and Phosphate PO_4^-3.
[8], Highly poisonous, aluminium phosphide has been used for suicide. Fumigants are also applied directly to rodent burrows. The material on this site can not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with prior written permission of Multiply. Many phosphorus compounds are used in industrial processes. Find methods information, sources, references or conduct a …
And I get a total of 0. Copyright © 2020 Multiply Media, LLC. Because the sum of the charges on the ions in the compound sum to zero. So that lets me know that I have the correct formula for this compound. What is the chemical formula for aluminum and phosphorus? Aluminium phosphide is a highly toxic inorganic compound with the chemical formula AlP used as a wide band gap semiconductor and a fumigant. CC BY-SA 3.0. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_compound
This is caused by cis/trans isomerization of the initial CO adduct and subsequent rearrangement to the AlPC2N heterocycle, being the CN adduct. These possess a chair-like Al2C2P2 heterocycle with intermolecular Al–P interactions. And so we have aluminum, we have a 3 plus charge. Boundless Learning The tablets or pellets, known as "wheat pills", typically also contain other chemicals that evolve ammonia which helps to reduce the potential for spontaneous ignition or explosion of the phosphine gas. This will make the formula for Sodium Phosphate Na_3PO_4. To view this video please enable JavaScript, and consider upgrading to a web browser that Notice that aluminum is in this column, the third column of the main group. Who is the longest reigning WWE Champion of all time? The symbol for
Phosphates also are key components of DNA and RNA, which carry genetic information in all organisms. The first thing I'm going to do is write my chemical symbols for each of these elements. So we can actually show this as AlP. This course is designed to cover subjects in advanced high school chemistry courses, correlating to the standard topics as established by the American Chemical Society. There is a campaign by the Iranian Forensic Medicine Organization to stop its use as a pesticide. If you are 13 years old when were you born? Wikipedia A1 2 (SO 4) 3. In this problem we're going to find the formula for the compound formed from aluminium and phosphorus.
8cr13mov Vs 1095, Marguerite Whitley Cause Of Death, Amy Allen Songwriter Net Worth, Brooks Burgers Coupons, Small Dog Breeds Perth, North Myrtle Beach Sc Craigslist, The Jangly Man Story Pdf, Ucmj Article 137, Ruffed Grouse Alberta, Lifted Truck Or Sports Car, Rude One Liners, Wentworth Miller House, Publix Passport Login Portal, School Office Manager Test, Expedition Happiness What Happened To Rudy, Moe Era Marta, Ut Longhorn Face Mask, Katherine Noelle Wyman, Lorelei Mermaid Song, Sym Nht 125 Accessories, David Alvarez Height, Motorbike Hire Bournemouth, Brittany Furlan Ex, Joy Reid Parents, Life Works In Mysterious Ways Meaning, Boat Launch Greenwood Lake Nj, Gareth Ainsworth Leather Jacket, Il Faudra Leur Dire Chorale, Pimpmykeyboard Shipping Time, Rz F3 Filter Xl, Bret Engemann Net Worth, Gir Invader Zim Quotes, Professor Layton Games Online, Zoe Emily Winkler Net Worth, Serita Jakes Height, Michael Sorensen Cinematographer, Ark The Center Arena Location, Malayalam Bad Words, Why Do My Eyes Glow Gold In Pictures, Is A Hot Dog A Sandwich Type Questions, Deepak Kochhar Wiki, Dead Island Glitches, Monster Girl Maker Hair, Brittany Furlan Ex, Nyu Tisch Essays, Walmart Battery Warranty Reddit, Aldi Chicken Salad,


text:
, né le  à Paris, est un créateur français de chaussures et de sacs à main de luxe.

Issu de la génération du Palace des années 1980, lorsque, encore mineur, il côtoie ceux qui sont ou deviendront des personnalités de la culture, de la mode, de la musique, ou des médias, ce sont surtout ses premières expériences aux Folies-Bergères puis chez les chausseurs Charles Jourdan et Roger Vivier qui transformeront son intérêt pour les chaussures de femmes en métier ; il fonde, à l'âge de 27 ans, la marque qui porte son nom. Aujourd'hui, avec plus d'une centaine de points de vente à son nom dans le monde, et une omniprésence de ses créations dans les médias liés à la mode, Christian Louboutin est internationalement connu pour ses chaussures à la semelle rouge.

Biographie

Origines
Christian Louboutin est né à l'Hôpital de la Salpêtrière de parents bretons : son père est ébéniste et sa mère femme au foyer s'occupe des quatre enfants. Les trois filles sont âgées de 16, 14 et 12 ans de plus que leur benjamin Christian. Dans un entretien qu'il a donné au magazine Gala en avril 2017, Christian Louboutin revient sur ses origines et déclare que sa sœur lui apprend, à l'âge de 53 ans, la vérité au sujet de son père :  Il s'agit d'un Copte égyptien prénommé Samir. Couvreur, il passait par le toit et disparaissait par la fenêtre. Sa sœur a 14 ans à l'époque, elle comprend mais elle ne dit rien.

Le jeune métis, âgé d'une douzaine d'années, amateur de théâtres qu'il fréquente gratuitement après l'entracte, assiste à de nombreuses secondes parties de spectacles. Il se met à dessiner des souliers. Non loin de l'appartement familial situé 43 rue de Fécamp, la vision au musée des Arts d'Afrique et d'Océanie d'un panneau interdisant le port de talons aiguille pouvant rayer le parquet devient l'élément  de sa future carrière ; il se met à dessiner et redessiner cette chaussure aperçue sur le panneau. Plus tard, l'artiste reconnaîtra que c'est son père adoptif, ébéniste de profession, qui lui a donné le goût des détails : « Dans mon travail, je me rends compte aujourd'hui de l'importance et de l'influence de mon père. Il m'a appris à regarder les objets. »

Bon élève jusqu'à dix ans, il abandonne par la suite ses études au lycée Paul-Valéry, part en Inde. Il souhaite faire une école de dessin, qui sera sans succès : trimestre après trimestre, le nombre de ses absences grandit.

Christian Louboutin réalise son premier prototype d'escarpin en peau de maquereau. Il s'invente un stage aux Folies Bergère, établissement qu'il avait fréquenté plus jeune avec ses parents : vivant d'aides et de petits boulots, il essaie de vendre ses créations aux danseuses qu'il  et précise y avoir appris son métier. « Assez soupe au lait », comme il se définit, il quitte les Folies Bergère sur un coup de tête. La Main bleue à Montreuil, Le Sept, puis surtout Le Palace occupent alors ses nuits pendant quelques années. Mineur, protégé de Fabrice Emaer, il entre au Palace grâce à Paquita Paquin : plus tard, il dira de lui qu'il s'y montre tel un . Il côtoie là, entre autres, Helmut Berger ou Thierry Ardisson par exemple, mais surtout Farida Khelfa, qui vivait avec lui chez ses parents, Eva Ionesco, Vincent Darré, Arielle Dombasle, la famille Putman Il apparaît à la même époque dans le film La Nuit porte-jarretelles, avec certains de ses complices du Palace.

Christian Louboutin parcourt alors le Bottin, appelle plusieurs maisons de couture et, en 1982, après la première fermeture du Palace, à l'initiative d'Hélène de Mortemart, qui travaille chez Dior et à qui il présente ses dessins, il quitte Paris pour Romans-sur-Isère, « capitale française de la chaussure ». Il effectue là un stage chez Charles Jourdan, l'inventeur du talon aiguille, pendant une année. Le stage se passe mal, il  : Parisien  et  comme il le précise lui-même, protégé de l'entreprise Dior et, partant, , il n'est pas accepté à l'usine de Jourdan ; celle-ci, par ailleurs, emploie très rarement des stagiaires. Malgré tout, il y apprend la technique de la création et le métier de modéliste. Par la suite, il travaille plusieurs années en  pour de grands noms de la mode comme Hervé Léger, Chanel, ou Maud Frizon en Italie. Il alterne ses activités professionnelles avec des séjours en Inde. Puis, Christian Louboutin entre chez Roger Vivier alors âgé de 80 ans.

 À l'issue de sa mission auprès de Roger Vivier, Christian Louboutin abandonne le domaine de la chaussure pour devenir paysagiste et consultant amateur pour ses amis propriétaires de jardins ou terrasses : . Cette activité fait partie intégrante de sa vie, que ce soit par ses liens avec la designer Olivia Putman ou le paysagiste Louis Benech.

Marque

Fin 1991, il lance la marque qui porte son nom avec ses deux associés et amis d'enfance que sont Henri Seydoux et Bruno Chambelland. Il a déjà des milliers de croquis, il trouve une usine pour la fabrication. Sa première boutique ouvre dans le  arrondissement, rue Jean-Jacques-Rousseau le , dans un local qu'il a trouvé quelque temps avant par hasard. Deux autres boutiques seront ouvertes à Paris les années suivantes. Caroline de Monaco passe dans la boutique quelque temps après l'ouverture ; une journaliste de W, Heidi Lender, également présente, écrit quelques mots sur le chausseur dans les colonnes du magazine américain de mode. Quelque temps après, à la suite de sa visite rapide de la boutique, Anna Wintour fait publier deux articles dans l'édition américaine du magazine Vogue ; après des débuts difficiles, vendant peu de chaussures, le succès est enfin au rendez vous : les acheteurs d'enseignes prestigieuses américaines se précipitent à Paris. Louboutin ouvre son premier magasin à New York deux ans plus tard, suivi d'un second quelques années plus tard.

Dès 1995 et durant les années qui vont suivre, il est le chausseur des défilés de créateurs tels Jean Paul Gaultier, Azzaro, Diane von Fürstenberg, Givenchy, Lanvin, Roland Mouret, Alexandre Vauthier, ou encore la maison Chloé. Parmi ces nombreux défilés, celui de janvier 2002, avec la maison de haute couture Yves Saint Laurent pour les « adieux » du couturier, au centre Georges-Pompidou voit la création de la marque éphémère « Christian Louboutin for Yves Saint Laurent Haute Couture 1962-2002 ». Il lance une collection de sacs à main.

Il collabore avec David Lynch pour l'exposition « Fetish » à Galerie du Passage - Pierre Passebon où sont exposés des photographies et des paires de souliers en exemplaire unique ; les pièces exposées (dont des « souliers de ballet ») sont une vue d'artiste et ne sont pas destinées à être portées. Le site internet officiel est créé en 2009. En septembre de la même année, Christian Louboutin associé au bottier Fred Rolland, ouvre une cordonnerie, à l'enseigne Minuit moins 7, galerie Véro-Dodat à Paris. Une web-série de sept épisodes intitulée Le Carrosse noir est produite par le créateur de souliers ; on y voit apparaître entre autres Arielle Dombasle, Dita von Teese, Elisa Sednaoui sa filleule, Farida Khelfa, ainsi que Mika. Durant le second semestre 2011, Christian Louboutin ouvre galerie Véro-Dodat en face de sa première boutique, son  de chaussures, mais la première exclusivement pour hommes. On y trouve des sneakers, des mocassins, ou plus rarement des modèles classiques, toujours avec la semelle rouge qui fait sa renommée. La marque compte déjà, depuis plus d'une décennie, de nombreux clients célèbres, comme Carla Bruni-Sarkozy, son amie Dita von Teese ou Blake Lively, Uma Thurman, Christina Aguilera, ou encore Mika.

En 2011, sa campagne publicitaire axée sur des pastiches d'œuvres d'art, comme La Madeleine à la veilleuse de Georges de La Tour, est réalisée par le photographe Peter Lippmann.

Plus récemment en 2019, le créateur a fait appel au collectif London's Global Street Art Agency afin de faire sa publicité grâce à une œuvre de street art visible dans les rues de Shoreditch à Londres.

Une rétrospective lui est consacrée à Paris à partir de  au palais de la Porte-Dorée rendant hommage à son œuvre qui compterait plus de  chaussures.

Activités en dehors de sa marque
Le 29 mars 2019, Christian Louboutin achète aux enchères le Pavillon du Bhoutan, œuvre initialement conçue pour l'Exposition Universelle Millénium de Hanovre en 2000 et qui est restée démontée depuis lors.

Engagements sociétaux et marketing
En 2021, Christian Louboutin invite Assa Traoré à participer à la promotion d'escarpins autour d'une phrase de Martin Luther King. Le produit de la vente des chaussures est reversé à « des organisations œuvrant pour la justice sociale ». Cette proposition a valu au chausseur et à la militante contre les violences policières un « torrent de critiques ». Une part des commentaires négatifs dénonce une récupération politique de la part de Louboutin, les autres, selon Libération, « le grotesque de voir une femme de gauche arborer des chaussures au prix exorbitant. ». Pour Marianne, « Louboutin a bien compris le filon marketing, faisant de différentes figures du mouvement Black Lives Matter  les ambassadeurs de sa collection. »:

Christian Louboutin a tenu à préciser par la suite qu'Assa Traoré n'était pas égérie de la maison.

Chaussure

La marque Christian Louboutin propose un large choix de modèles de chaussures (ballerines, mules, bottes et bottines, avec ou sans semelle compensée). Néanmoins, la présence dans les médias d'images de personnalités portant ses chaussures font que son nom est le plus souvent associé aux escarpins à talons aiguilles, avec un talon haut (100, …), voire très haut (jusqu'à ). Les finitions sont variées, que ce soit en choix de coloris ou de matières : classiquement pour des chaussures du cuir mat ou verni, mais aussi du suède, de la dentelle, de la fourrure, de l'organza, du poulain imprimé, du python, du crocodile, du satin, des plumes, ou même de la Soie charvet. La fabrication s'effectue en Italie. Avec deux collections par an, les différents modèles sont renouvelés régulièrement. Certains plus rares se retrouvent d'une année sur l'autre, parfois simplement dans de nouvelles finitions, d'autres comme le modèle Pigalle deviennent classiques, , et sont fabriqués collections après collections. En 2017, Louboutin lance une édition limitée de chaussures pour bébé sous l'appellation Loubibabys.

Sur mesure
L'atelier des « commandes spéciales », fondé en 2006 en partenariat avec le bottier Fred Rolland permet, en tant que bottier, la fabrication de chaussures, soit en « grande-mesure » soit en « demi-mesure », sur commande spéciale, pour tous les clients. Ainsi Victoria Beckham, Kylie Minogue, Dita von Teese, Janet Jackson, Arielle Dombasle, ou Mika disposent de leurs « formes » personnelles à leurs mesures dans l'atelier de la rue Jean-Jacques Rousseau, pour une fabrication à la main de modèles standards ou exclusifs.

Semelle rouge

Christian Louboutin, inspiré par le pop art, a basé sa spécificité sur la semelle en cuir rouge visant à devenir le signe distinctif de sa griffe. Ce cuir rouge est également utilisé sur des produits complémentaires, comme l'intérieur des sacs à main, ou les housses de protection pour la tablette tactile d'Apple.

Au début, les premières chaussures ne portent pas cette semelle de couleur, il faudra attendre un an. Alors qu'il se trouve en Italie, Christian Louboutin peint une semelle noire, d'une chaussure modèle Pensée, avec le vernis à ongles Chanel rouge de son assistante qui était en train de se faire les ongles ; ce sera le début de sa marque de fabrique. Les semelles rouges sont l'objet d'un engouement important de la part de certaines clientes. Ces chaussures sont également des objets de fétichisme, univers revendiqué par Christian Louboutin lors d'entretiens avec la presse, ainsi que pour l'exposition de 2007 avec David Lynch. Comme pour toutes les chaussures de luxe, pour hommes ou femmes, une semelle en cuir est peu fonctionnelle : fragile (quelques heures de marche) et glissante sur sols lisses ou humides, elle nécessite généralement une intervention réalisée par un cordonnier après quelques utilisations. Le rouge employé est la couleur numéro 18.1663TP du nuancier Pantone.

Christian Louboutin contre YSL
En avril 2011, l'entreprise Christian Louboutin attaque en justice aux États-Unis la Maison Yves Saint Laurent, mais il est débouté de sa plainte. En fait, plus qu'une éventuelle « concurrence déloyale » et « violation de marque », événements factuels sur lesquels les tribunaux peuvent trancher, la maison Yves Saint Laurent a surtout, par son action, dérogé à une forme d'entente tacite qui jusqu'alors prévalait dans le domaine du luxe de ne pas se concurrencer sur les éléments clefs d'une marque. En octobre de la même année la marque Christian Louboutin interjette appel de cette décision. De son côté, Yves Saint Laurent attaque le dépôt de marque. Finalement, en septembre 2012, le tribunal déclare que Louboutin a le droit de déposer comme marque aux États-Unis les chaussures avec des semelles rouges, .

Alors que la marque brésilienne Carmen Steffens s'est installée à Paris rue de Grenelle, à quelques pas de la boutique Christian Louboutin, celle-ci a été contactée concernant la couleur des semelles des chaussures qu'elle commercialise. La marque de confection Zara a également été l'objet d'un litige. En juin 2018, la Cour de Justice de l'Union européenne reconnait l'exclusivité des semelles rouges du chausseur Christian Louboutin.

Ventes

Le réseau de distribution de la marque est très sélectif, axé essentiellement sur les boutiques, une cinquantaine pour l'année 2011, en nom propre : quatre à Paris et dans quelques grandes villes d'Europe, mais aussi par exemple à Moscou avec trois magasins également fin 2011, ou Pékin. Aux États-Unis, où la marque fait partie des « plus chers magasins de chaussures », Christian Louboutin compte plus d'une dizaine de points de vente, dont une commercialisation dans les grands magasins comme Saks ou Neiman Marcus. Dans ce pays, les ventes pour 2010 sont de  paires pour un chiffre d'affaires de 135 millions de dollars ; au monde, les ventes sont supérieures à  paires de chaussures en 2009 pour atteindre 600 à  paires en 2011, alors qu'au début de son activité, Christian Louboutin n'a vu que quelques centaines de paires vendues.
Si l'Europe voit l'ouverture du site de vente en ligne en , les États-Unis et le Canada sont les précurseurs de l'unique site officiel de vente en ligne, lancé auparavant. De nombreuses contrefaçons, souvent de provenance asiatique, sont distribuées dans le monde, par l'intermédiaire de sites internet n'hésitant pas à reproduire le logo de la marque et les photographies officielles sur leurs pages afin de tromper les acheteurs. Les produits ainsi vendus sont de mauvaises copies souvent éloignées de l'original.
La lutte contre cette contrefaçon, quelle que soit sa forme, est devenue un enjeu important pour la marque.

La marque comprend trois sièges :
 Paris, qui s'occupe de la distribution pour l'Europe, l'Asie et l'Inde,
 Londres, qui gère la communication internationale,
 New York, qui veille à la distribution sur le marché des Amériques.

Diversification
En 2014, la marque Louboutin se lance dans les produits de beauté, avec sa première collection de vernis à ongles, avant de commercialiser, l'année suivante, une gamme de rouge à lèvres. En 2016, Louboutin lance ses premiers parfums, et en , la collection beauté de Louboutin s'élargit avec une gamme de maquillage pour les yeux.

Collaborations
Outre ses collaborations régulières avec différents couturiers, Christian Louboutin a participé à l'élaboration de différents projets éloignés du domaine de la chaussure :
 avec les macarons Ladurée ;
 avec les champagnes Heidsieck ;
 avec Mattel pour des poupées Barbie ;

 avec le Crazy Horse pour le spectacle intitulé Désirs ;
 avec Disney pour une chaussure Cendrillon ;
 avec Batallure Beauty pour la création d'un ligne de cosmétiques Christian Louboutin Beauté ;
 avec Puig, pour déployer sa division beauté.

Par ailleurs, Christian Louboutin a prêté son image au groupe hôtelier Mandarin Oriental.

Vie privée
Christian Louboutin a longtemps été le compagnon du paysagiste Louis Benech. Il a deux filles, des jumelles.

En 2021, il achète les jardins de Kerdalo en Trédarzec.

Cinéma
 1985 : La Nuit Porte Jarretelles de Virginie Thévenet
 1987 : Jeux d'Artifices de Virginie Thévenet
 1994 : La Folie Douce de Frédéric Jardin
 2009 : La Traversée du Désir d'Arielle Dombasle
 2018 : Alien Crystal Palace d'Arielle Dombasle

Series
 Murder (série télévisée) saison 4 Episode 5

Honneurs et distinctions
 1996 : FFANY  () du meilleur chausseur ;
 2008 : second FFANY . Le Fashion Institute of Technology de New york lui consacre une rétrospective intitulée  du 13 mars au 19 avril ;
 2012 : Rétrospective au Design Museum de Londres de mai à juillet.

Décoration

  (2010)

Notes et références

Notes

Références bibliographiques
 Reinhardt, Christian Louboutin : Entretien avec Éric Reinhardt, Rizzoli, 2011

Autres références

Articles connexes
 Talon haut

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Reportage
 Farida Khelfa, Louboutin, 2014,  diffusion Arte présentation en ligne & autre présentation en ligne

Liens externes

 Le site anti-contrefaçons officiel de Christian Louboutin

Entreprise du luxe ayant son siège en France
Fabricant de chaussures
Styliste français
Naissance en janvier 1964
Sac à main
Entreprise fondée en 1991
Commerce dans le 1er arrondissement de Paris
Élève du lycée Paul-Valéry


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text:
« Paranoia: Rationality in the service of the Irrational | Main | Intellectuals and Reality in Gaza II »
Intellectuals and Reality in Gaza
Periodically, I review what is going on in the Arab press that is available in English, on line. I know that understanding Arabic would be far preferable, but sadly, have little affinity for languages and will have to leave it to others to read and interpret what our friends and enemies in the Arab world have to say in their native tongue. I rely on MEMRI for what they can offer and people like USAF_Linguist who occasionally comments here on his experience watching al Jazeera TV, in Arabic. My primary English language sources are Asharq Alawsat, which calls itself "the leading Arabic International Daily, and Al-Ahram weekly, published in Cairo since 1875.
[The major story of the day is the horrendous disaster unfolding in Northern Pakistan. An earthquake of 7.6 or 7.7 is likely to be devastatingly destructive anywhere it strikes, but once again, is becomes clear that the best way to safe guard people's lives is through wealth creation and transparency in governance. The economic status of the people of the region is almost certainly the most important predictor of survival in an earthquake (as well as hurricanes, epidemics, and all sorts of natural disasters.) Wealthy societies can afford to demand, and pay for, the highest quality construction materials and techniques. Further, wealthy societies can afford to monitor for things like the bird flu, and stockpile Tamiflu, create vaccines, etc. For a good many years now, it has been a poorly publicized fact that the number one risk factor for HIV infection in the world is not homosexual activity, but in fact, is poverty.]
What struck my attention in my perusal of the Arabic press today was the juxtaposition of two stories that were remarkable in their disconnect from each other; it was clear that both stories could not be accurate reflections of reality.
Reporter Rana Feghali wrote a story, Fear of the Other & the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, describing the "Fear of the Other Conference" at SOAS, School of Oriental and African Studies, in London on September 23, 2005. Here is a description of the aim of the conference:
Organized by the Faculty for Israeli-Palestinian Peace UK, which is part of an international network that spans Palestine, Israel, the United States, and Europe, the conference sought to address "the role of racism in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, especially attitudes and practices that are anti-Arab, anti-Islamic, and anti-Semitic, and ways of overcoming them," according to a statement distributed to participants.
While there was some lip service devoted to a discussion of anti-Semitism, the bulk of the conference was a disquisition on the ideas of Edward Said:
In his keynote address, Palestinian political activist and member of the Israel Knesset since 1996, Azmi Bishara discussed, "Anti-Semitism and Orientalism in Modernity", examining each term and drawing a general picture of how Orientalism came into existence and its socio-political significance.
Orientalism, as Edward Said brilliantly exposed it in his book of the same name, was "a European method and an attempt to classify and categorize the Orient as the Other, an image in contrast to Europe."
Defined by Bishara as "a political movement against Jews", anti-Semitism emerged from the 18 th century Enlightenment period and the corresponding fervor to classify the world into races and hierarchies, and to categorize people according to groups inspired by Biology and Darwinism.
This, Bishara continued, included both the Arabs and the Jews in the "Orientalist project". Both Jews living in Europe, and Muslims in the Arab world were considered the other. "The first were the internal other, as they were physically present in Europe. However, Islam was the external other and the only tangible threat to European domination which also looked different," he added.
Therefore, according to Bishara's argument, the common roots of Orientalism and Anti-Semitism meant that contrary to widespread ideas, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict was not a war between civilizations. Instead, in agreement with Said, he rejected "the essentializing premise" of Samuel Huntington in his book, 'The Clash of Civilizations' as "dangerous and stupid".
Instead of an "unending, implacable, irremediable" conflict between two fixed social groups, as Huntington suggested, Bishara argued that the war was a civil war. Islam, Christianity, and Judaism he said, were part of the same civilization. Each saw the others in mirrors and displayed a pathological hatred and fear." It was not difference that created conflict but similarity.
Bishara argued that the Palestinian-Israeli conflict was a civil war, a confrontation between groups who belong to the same civilization, which explains its cruel violent nature.
In practice the conference was much more concerned with anti-Muslim racism in the West than anti-Semitism in Palestine:
On the following panels, speakers from around the world, including John Strawson, who teaches Law at the University of East London, Samir El Youssef, a Palestinian writer living in London, and Sami Chakribati, the Director of Liberty, a human rights organization, explored the more practical effects of racist attitudes. Included in their discussions were anti-Arab and anti-Islamic beliefs and the possible avenues that can be taken to counteract such sentiments in order to achieve a just and peaceful resolution to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.
In the aftermath of September 11 attacks and the London bombings, the resulting anti-Muslim backlash has raised fears that the fabric of British and Western societies and their emphasis on respect of the other were in danger.
It is always entertaining to see academics discussing faraway situations from the parochial perspective of their back yards.
Another panelist Sharif Nashashibi commented that :
... "racism is based on a single ignorant belief and is related to power."
Returning to a theme explored by Bishara, Nashashibi argued, "no inherent opposition existed between Islam and Judaism or between the Palestinian and Israeli".
He concluded that, if personal animosity could be overcome, a political solution would be found. His optimistic vision, however, did not examine inter-communal differences or address power disparities.
Another panelist attempted to address the distinction between criticism of Israel's behavior, and overt anti-Semitism which it so often resembles:
Continuing to demystify racism in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, Daniel Dor, differentiated between legitimate criticism of the occupation and bigoted racism.
After all, Israel is still flaunting UN resolutions, building illegal settlements and a wall of separation, as well as killing Palestinians.
Dor, a professor at the department of Communication at Tel Aviv University, differentiated between two dominant types of language used in the conflict from both sides: a guilt-oriented language and a solution-oriented language.
Essentially, Dor would like everyone to look to the future for solutions, which seems to be excellent advice, but the sense of the article is that all the prescriptions are directed at the Israeli side and the West in general. What is conspicuously missing throughout the report of the conference is any recognition that the parties in the Palestinian territory have not even settled on the first step of the process, which, not coincidentally, is the subject of the second article I have in mind, but which will have to wait until later for review.
October 09, 2005 at 01:07 PM | Permalink


government, the need for space becomes essential.
ditional space needed for its expanding offices.
commodate the growth for the next 20 years.
$4,300 is now spent on taxes.
sioners to decide how much, if any, tax relief is given.
everyone what they're thankful for.
eighth driest year since 1931.
setting a new low last month.
menu at last week's meeting.
"How the county cow ate.
land jumped up to $65,000."
had sold six times in a year.
appraisal is an art, not a science.
during last Monday's commission meeting.
each commission meeting as they become available.
rent increases due to rises in insurance.
Alice Monyei and seconded by Rollin Hudson.
motioned, Monyei seconded, unanimous passage.
two. The second meeting would have occurred Dec. 25.
given in lieu of the 24th, which falls on a Saturday this year.
Monyei moved, Pomeroy seconded, unanimously passed.
from the Florida Department of EMS.
to be auctioned off also.
SQuilt show, Chiefland, 8 a.m.
Fun at Manatee State Park, 10 a.m.
> Light display, Chiefland, 6 p.m.
> GOP, Chiefland, 6:30 p.m.
STourism meeting, Bronson, 6 p.m.
S Music at the library, Williston, 7 p.m.
S.Divorcing parents' class, Chiefland, 9 a.m.
o Basket auction, Williston, 10 a.m.
elsewhere in the Levy County Journal.
Show Nov. 24 through Dec. 3, daily from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.
quilt will be held on Sunday, Dec. 2.
The Levy County Quilt Museum is located 11050 NW 10"
For more information, call 352-472-1142.
Happy Thanksgiving. Have a safe and happy holiday!
to give you the smile you have always desired.
Makes You Proud of Your Smile!
Most Insurance Accepted New Patients Welcome!
.Mon.-Thurs. 7:00 a.m.- 7 p.m., Fi. 7:00 6 p.m.
Nov. 28 beginning at 6 p.m.
March 2000 to August 2003.
Brock served in the U.S.
four of her employers agreed.
she would ask for her resignation.
after two residents spoke on her office.
happy with "this half million dollar attorney"
county attorney, they would be in.public.
was time to get on with life.
mending Brown on her work.
it easier to understand her budget process.
cy Bell who put the fly in the ointment.
chairwoman, was all ls and 2s.
entire work period, not just recent events.
husband of classmate Linda Robinson Baynard.
to see what went where. It.
at 7 p.m. in the library.
will play reeds and do vocals.
their calendars for this night.
The REC website is www.
Periodicals postage paid at Bronson, FL (USPS 310-780).
Deadline for all news and advertising copy is 5 p.m. Monday.
aft angel is: an idea of God."
arid limps along the spiritual road.
very nice day. Thanks, Brody, for the box.
of candy and God bless you always.
until Christmas and turkey again.
baked ham and all the other fixings.
like, OK? I'll enjoy them again.
next week God bless, and take care. Happy Thanksgiving.
edit, may be considered for guest columns.
*reflect our community in everything we do.
in the quality of life for our residents and merchants.
have received all year long.
us, made us better people?
Bank to see Margaret Ayers.
feel- thanks for this year.
g and only rule-be yourself.
mund- you only in November.
be thankful for many things.
have been born in America.
are easily available to me.
I find in people here.
take. No bond was issued.
robbery. No bond was set.
Bail was set at $ 25,000.
to sale. No bond was set.
Convention in Indianapolis, Ind., where they were recognized as one of the"
Is your family in the book?
MILDRED YEARTY HODGES as young woman.
P.O. Box 402, Morriston FL.
32668 or e-mail them to shp.
granted an extension, till Jan.
decked out in an array of traditional greenery to benefit the operation of the Homestead.
every year! Enjoy classical holiday music ago!
as the Homestead's famous "Talking Walls" e-mail hailedocent@yahoo.com.
Anyone knowing the whereabouts or having any information about the above individuals is asked to please contact the Levy County Sheriff's Office at 352-486-5111 or, to remain anonymous, call Crime Stoppers at 1-877-349-8477.
How do you cook a turkey?"
Burt. I didn't get a turkey yet.
cook helper. I like to eat turkey.
help. I'm going to stir the peas.
to cook the turkey and the ham.
to cook turkey in our stove.
let it cool off. Then y6u eat it.
dad how to cook the turkey.
minutes in the oven in butter."
minutes. Cook it with sugar, salt six minutes."
"You cut off tifi' wi igs first ."
you cook it for 20 minutes.
We're having dressing, corn, .
and meat. We're probably going "
grandma is going to tell me.
for one minute or two minutes.
little red berries, the ones I like.
2006 at Nature Coast Regional Hospital in Williston.
Lighthouse Word Church of Chiefland.
New York and Micah Williams of West Palm Beach.
Word Church in Chiefland with George Kearns officiating.
Burial followed in Chiefland Community Cemetery.
Pearlie M. Holt, 90, died Nov. 18, 2006 in Gainesville.
Holt, and son, Claude Copeland.
Georgia, Primitive Baptist Association, died Thursday, Nov.
Primitive Baptist Church, Gainesville for 29 years.
Damascus Missionary Baptist Church, Madison.
David Renaud D.V. M. Kathy Bowker D.V. M.
Mich.; 14 grandchildren and 11 great-grandchildren.
right in trusting me though.
Heath still had both his eyes.
snuck out of his thermos?
enough to walk past me.
button was poked in or out.
down and clicked it back on.
when "BOOM"! The gun .
to say, I carefully gathered.
best be versed in the truth..
SWalter Freeman State Certified .
S8 a.m.- Noon &2 p.m.-5 p.m.
Ensure that a verbatim record of the proceeding is made.
red Devil players said it all.
past were hard to get going,"
used it to their advantage."
QUARTERBACK DEVIN TIMMONS finds room to roam for one of the few times against Eustis.
distance for an 82-yard strike.
game has never been played,"
matter of about five minutes.
opened up some wide lanes.
speed, the offense was not yet.
Evans ran for a first down!
this, it just isn't enough.
well, but they got wore out.
finished with 22 yards on!
made them the state champs.
what it needed to be effective.
take control of the game.
could not close the deal.
holding him to only 61 yards.
the Red Devils into the second.
four of their last five games.
Red Devils went to the air.
using as few plays as possible.
342 yards and a touchdown.
been waiting a year for.
indeed for the district title.
of mistake a team can make.
17-0 lead in the second half.
play after the ball was tipped.
minutes of the first one.
The result was a 16-13 lead.
gain control of the game using their style of play.
Williston to go to their passing game.
the game's outcome was still in doubt.
shut down, the Red Devils had to rely on their passing.
play was incomplete or gained insignificant yards.
gradually enforced their style of play through it.
off three straight victories to "
get the good start every team /i "
have a lot of upperclassmen," .
that should be a big help."
7-4 record in their first year, "
came after the Lady Devils .0, .
current district in their second ;r-!
year. They played as an ...v, .: .
faced stiffer competition. Lady Devils can create scoring opportunities with it.
focus' on in fall practice.
if we need to play defense."
gets her hands on it.
far it has paid dividends.
are being coupled with more specific ideas.
Mobile Home Hook-Ups and Water Heaters.
Food & Drink Specials 5-8 p.m.
was originally bred to hunt.
All dogs must be between 10"
people get to see it."
raffled off at the competition.
really d testament to it."
can get a clear shot.
are going to be successful.
do if a key player gets hurt.
vital to the team's success.
of their schedule with five.
In & Rad, whte & Blue Bull4ing aoss f aom Pelns Bank!
Large or Small, We Treat .
get the ball on the fairways.
the regionals, the season end-"
tricts we moved up from.
this year and freshman A.J.
lowest score at the regionals.
lar season with a 5-6 record.
teams have at least three.
golfer to use in its final spot.
beg them to want to practice.
just swinging a golf club.
iFriday 12/15 @ Bronson .
embark on an annual tournament.
then vied for 16 spots and seedings.
will be needed to determine a champion.
'match play' involves one-on-one competition.
their handicap from the other player's handicap.
received for each hole until the golfers are even.
on each of the course's 18 holes.
ly luncheon and meeting following the.
Tournament held last month. '!
can call the golf course at 493-2375.
partment were family to me.
and an adult were no more.
follow sports knew of him.
matter again to the nation.
rivalry was back and his name.
he spoke, he humbly sounded.
a legacy which lives on.
never tasted a losing season.
havoc and chaos, both in its full court and half court forms.
has made only 21 of 47 shots for a paltry 45 percent.
day evening when he gets his Levy County Journal.
coach the Wolverines in the tournament.
way is what lazy people do.
life or death, or worse.
tions as the rest of us.
good and bad times on and off the field.
molded me into the person I am today.
me. May you rest easy, my hero.
on this matter? Is there one?
and just hope you're right?
to. a child; and (5) issues regarding spousal or child abuse.
them fall 1 Peter 2:6-8 NRSV.
holiday open house and bas-.
the library on Noble Avenue.
located at 490 2nd Street, Cedar Key, FL.
be a refundable deposit of $150 per set.
issuance of the Notice to Proceed by the City of Cedar Key.
reserved to the authority of the City Commission of the City of Cedar Key.
after the hour appointed will be deemed invalid and returned unopened to the Bidder.
a.m. to 3 p.m. both days.
the warmth of a full tummy.
Society of Levy County, Inc.
and be heard regarding the proposed ordinance.
,which the appeal is to be based.
County commissioner's Office at 352-486-5218.
Pub: Nov 23 & 30, 2006 .
more or less residential lots.
FP 20-06 Croft Land Surveying representing Perry and Deana Greenspan, petitioning the board for a Final Plat of "Serenity,"
more or less and is located within a "RR" Rural Residential zoning. This subdivision will consist of one 6.24 acre residential lot.
50 acres more or less. This subdivision will consist of three residential lots.
more or less. This parcel is located within an Agriculture/Rural Residential "ANRR" zone.
contact the County Commissioners Administration Office at 352-486-5218.
be held in the County Commissioner's Meeting Room, the Levy County Courthouse, 355 South Court Street, Bronson, Florida.
may be considered as soon as the meeting commences.
Preliminary Plat of "Ivey Run Estates," a subdivision locat- MU .
tial lots. This parcel has a land use designation of. "MDR"
contains' .52 acres more or less and is located within a "RR"
UPOu WHICH THE APPEAL IS TO BE BASED.
more than 11,000 local referrals.
Call (800) 556-8885 or visit www.
and SR 55 in Fanning Springs.
week or monthly rates. WWW.
resume and cover letter to P.O.
at 14 East Park Avenue. EEO.
AB2565 10% BP. For more info.
SENT YOU IN THIS MATTER.
of this notice is Nov. 23, 2006.
Room, Levy County Courthouse, Bronson, Florida.
Circuit Court's office. You may.
record at the Clerk's office.
beginning on October 1, 2007.
property subject to the levy.
persons are invited to attend.
the date of the hearing.
by sealed bid to highest bidder.
viewing from 9 a.m. till 10:00 a,.
285 S. E. 911 St.
IN RE: ESTATE OF JAMES T.
this notice is Nov. 16, 2006.
T. RICHARD HAGIN and T.
in this court on August 10, 2006.
IN RE: ESTATE OF SONIA L.
Storage Facility Act (Fla. Stat.
Bronson Self Storage, 839 E.
will conduct a sale at 10:00 A.M.
does not discriminate on the ba-.
serve a copy of your written de-"
attorney, whose address is P.O.
Jeed to cdeat t&e title?
won by Randy Boyce on Veterans Day.
with. There will be a $25 fee for two designs .
ihodels or use one of their friends.
BARRY BOYCE, LOUISE BOYCE, BARBARA MOORE.
MOBILE HOMES: REAL ESTATE, INC.
& screen porch additions. Immaculate inside and out.
scaped lot. Carport, storage & screen porch additions.
Includes private well. $8469N. Reduced! $76,000.
New Listing 3 BR, 2 Bath DW MH with over 1600 s.f.
Barn. $102,500. Additional acre available for $35,000.
Singlewide that needs a little TLC. Bargain at $72,500.
5 Wooded Acres Gilchrist County, some pecan trees.
80 Acres 1/4 mile paved road frontage, large oaks.
$4-25T00 per acre. Reduced! $11,000 per acre.
20 Acres just 5 miles from town, paved road.
Golf Course. Priced $125,000 to $139,000.
EXPOSED TO MILLIONS OF *NO CLOSING COSTS .
| R Kayla@treecityproperties.net jackm@campusrealty.org, .. .
there. We see where the mail goes."
relief for property owners according to Akins.
has to happen between now and Dec. 31."
property.owners, he did offer a note of sympathy.
for the year the improvements were made.
possible when you sell it.
oftentimes move your house to.
stay put and not sell.
your home and add to its value.
ally lower a home's value.
fences in good repair add value.
just a few of the upgrades you will find. $60,000.
212& 10x10 sheds, 24x40 worshopfgarage, 2"& 4"
(LMH-K) 493-2221 ready for your family to move Into.
Hwy 27 in Bronson Heights Area!
home you'll be glad you did!
S and enijo holiday refreshments with us.
* Hours : Tue. Sat.
for te one you treasure.


text:
The Wabash Heritage Trail is a hiking trail running from Fort Ouiatenon to the Tippecanoe Battlefield Park in Battle Ground, Indiana.  It is approximately  long and passes along the cities of West Lafayette and Lafayette, Indiana.

The path consists of approximately  miles of paved path and 7.5 miles of unpaved footpath. Bicycles are permitted on paved portions of the trail. Horses and motorized vehicles are not allowed on any portion of the trail.

References

Hiking trails in Indiana
Protected areas of Tippecanoe County, Indiana
National Recreation Trails in Indiana
Heritage trails


text:
Q: xampp laravel blank page when using vhost windows Trying to use xampp for my virtual host on Windows 10.
But when I open up my project in browser it's a blank page. Not an error message, just blank.
Can anyone help?
Here's my VHosts
 # Virtual Hosts
#
# Required modules: mod_log_config

# If you want to maintain multiple domains/hostnames on your
# machine you can setup VirtualHost containers for them. Most configurations
# use only name-based virtual hosts so the server doesn't need to worry about
# IP addresses. This is indicated by the asterisks in the directives below.
#
# Please see the documentation at
# <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/vhosts/>
# for further details before you try to setup virtual hosts.
#
# You may use the command line option '-S' to verify your virtual host
# configuration.

#
# Use name-based virtual hosting.
#
#
# VirtualHost example:
# Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container.
# The first VirtualHost section is used for all requests that do not
# match a ##ServerName or ##ServerAlias in any <VirtualHost> block.
#
##<VirtualHost *:80>
    ##ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
    ##DocumentRoot "C:/xampp/htdocs/dummy-host.example.com"
    ##ServerName dummy-host.example.com
    ##ServerAlias www.dummy-host.example.com
    ##ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-error.log"
    ##CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.example.com-access.log" common
##</VirtualHost>

##<VirtualHost *:80>
    ##ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host2.example.com
    ##DocumentRoot "C:/xampp/htdocs/dummy-host2.example.com"
    ##ServerName dummy-host2.example.com
    ##ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-error.log"
    ##CustomLog "logs/dummy-host2.example.com-access.log" common
##</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:3000>
    DocumentRoot "C:/xampp/htdocs/"
    ServerName localhost
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:3000>
    DocumentRoot "C:/xampp/htdocs/projectlara2/public/"
    ServerName projectlara2.test
</VirtualHost>

HERE'S MY Hosts File

# Copyright (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp.
#
# This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows.
#
# This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each
# entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should
# be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name.
# The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one
# space.
#
# Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual
# lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol.
#
# For example:
#
#      102.54.94.97     rhino.acme.com          # source server
#       38.25.63.10     x.acme.com              # x client host

# localhost name resolution is handled within DNS itself.
#   127.0.0.1:3000       localhost
#   ::1             localhost

127.0.0.1 localhost projectlara2.test
::1 localhost projectlara2.test

Not quite sure what else I'm supposed to write here. It says I have a post that's mostly code so I should add more details but there aren't any more details. Hopefully this is enough extra writing because this is a bit annoying.

A: You have not provided the virtual host properly in your windows host file. You need to just change a little in host file and probably it will solve your error.
change your entry of virtual host in host file from 127.0.0.1 localhost projectlara2.test to 127.0.0.1     projectlara2.test and ::1 localhost projectlara2.test to ::1     projectlara2.test.
The problem is although you are using virtual host for the project you are declaring localhost with it. Just write the ip and domain name of virtual host, nothing else.

A: On your Windows10 hosts file use this only:
127.0.0.1   localhost wiki.com projectlara2.test

Then in your vhosts file you can do this:
<VirtualHost projectlara2.test:80>
    ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
    DocumentRoot "C:/xampp/htdocs/projectlara2/public/"
    ServerName projectlara2.test
    ErrorLog "logs/error.log"
    CustomLog "logs/access.log" common
</VirtualHost>

ServerAdmin, ErrorLog, CustomLog are optional and you can set them up with a real path if you want to, you aren't specifing the server name on your first line on your VirtualHost, when you specify it like this *: you are saying that all requests should point to the VirtualHost you are about to define, so if you want more than 1 VirtualHost you should be more specific like I showed. Hope it works! :D

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Looking at my childhood, I'm amazed I'm still here
By Kelly-Anne Riess ● Newsletters ● January 18, 2022 March 30, 2022
Last summer, Canadians were horrified by the discovery of hundreds of unmarked child graves, victims lost in residential schools. And as the media, both nationally and internationally, rightly focused their attention on the impacts of this, coupled with all the reporting on the pandemic, another story may have gone unnoticed. But it's an important one to pay attention to as Canada works towards reconciliation.
In August, former Canadian senator Murray Sinclair and a group called The 60s Scoop Legacy of Canada announced they want a federal inquiry into the 60s Scoop. Since then, other organizations and First Nations leaders have added their names to this request for an inquiry.
Public inquiries give survivors a chance to share their stories in an impactful way that validates their experiences and leads to concrete recommendations for governments to act on, according to the 60s Scoop Legacy of Canada.
So, in this week's issue of The Flatlander, we will look at what the 60s Scoop was; how it impacted families and why a public inquiry is important to survivors that their stories be heard. I also reached out to Regina Beach artist and writer, briefly a resident of Winnipeg, Carol Rose GoldenEagle and spoke with her about her experiences in being a part of the 60s Scoop, connecting with her birth family and how she is using her writing and art, not only to heal herself, but also to share her history, her culture, which she reconnected with as an adult, and issues that are important to her with all Canadians.
What is the 60s scoop?
The term was coined by a researcher named Patrick Johnston in a 1983 report he wrote called Native Children and the Child Welfare System for the Canadian Council on Social Development, a social policy think tank. The organization is no longer active, but an archive of its work can be found online.
An "easy" solution. Provincial governments at the time figured the most efficient way to deal with Indigenous child welfare issues was to remove kids from their homes and place them with non-Indigenous families across the United States and Canada through foster care and/or adoptions.
Decades of bad government policy. Indigenous communities, some even to this day, face or faced high levels of poverty, especially those living on reserves. By the 1950s, the socio-economic barriers faced by First Nations, which in turn brought about child welfare concerns, are a direct result of having to live under federal policies that weren't in their communities' best interests. Requiring children to attend residential schools from 1894 to 1947 was one of those policies, which led to numerous cases of abuse and trauma.
In 1951, the federal government revised the Indian Act, which gave the provinces jurisdiction over Indigenous child welfare, but didn't provide the financial resources to provide community supports, which is why foster care and adoption became the norm.
The 60s Scoop was also a larger strategy to force assimilation onto Indigenous children. Some officials believed adoption at a young age would prevent children from assuming their parents' Indigenous ways.
How many children were taken?
About 20,000 children were scooped from their homes from the mid-1950s into the 1980s. Although this number could be greater, as deaths in foster homes may not have been reported properly. Some fairer-skinned youths were never told they were Indigenous. And not all records are publicly available.
Records need to be released say the Southern Chiefs' Organization in Manitoba, which is also calling for an inquiry into the 60s Scoop. It wants all records from this time to be released by government and/or church entities.
During the 60s Scoop, even children from stable, loving homes were taken because social workers weren't trained to assess Indigenous culture, so for instance, a family living off the land, eating a traditional diet of berries and dried meat, would have their children taken away because they didn't have a fridge or contemporary pantry staples.
Single mothers were coerced by doctors, nurses and, or social workers to give up their children soon after birth. Sometimes they were told it was temporary to give the mother time to establish herself financially, but later these moms would find out their children had been adopted out without their consent.
Scooped siblings were often separated into different homes.
Advertising children. During the 60s Scoop, in Saskatchewan, an adoption agency was set up by the by Saskatchewan's Department of Social Services called AIM, which stood for Adopt Indian and Métis. AIM took out newspaper and television ads with children's pictures. You can see some of these advertisements in this short CBC documentary Separating children from parents: The Sixties Scoop in Canada. This advertising had pushback from the Saskatchewan Native Women's Association.
A settlement. In 2017, there was a federal settlement agreement, which set aside $750 million for those who were taken from their homes as part of the 60s Scoop. However, Métis and non-status survivors were excluded from making claims.
More is needed. As part of this settlement, the government agreed to help establish a foundation. However, survivors say they still need more healing supports and they want a federal apology.
Provincial apologies. In 2015, the Manitoba government issued an apology for its role in the 60s Scoop and Saskatchewan followed suit four years later with its own apology in 2019.
Carol's story
Carol was born at the Grey Nuns Hospital, which is now the Pasqua, in Regina in 1963.
Although her Cree mother was a registered nurse from Sandy Bay, Sask., because she was single, Carol was immediately taken away and put up for adoption.
Carol ended up in a farming town southeast of Regina.
"Looking at my childhood, I'm amazed I'm still here," Carol told me over Zoom last Thursday.
Growing up, her adoptive mother would tell Carol how stupid, lazy and ugly Indigenous people were and that she was lucky she was adopted.
"As a little girl, this is what I'm hearing every day and you believe it because you're a little girl," said Carol.
However, racism wasn't tolerated when her adoptive father was in the house.
In school, Carol was picked on because of her skin colour.
"There was hatred every day. I was beaten up until I got a little bigger and stronger then I started beating people up," she said. "If you want to pick on me, get ready for a bloody nose."
Although Carol wanted to be a writer and an artist, she would go on to be a journalist first.
In high school she was editor of her school newspaper and volunteered at the Regina radio station CKCK before attending SAIT in Calgary.
Later, she would go on to be a producer at CKRM radio in Regina and the weekend anchor at CKTV.
In 1989, Carol was the first Indigenous woman to anchor a national broadcast in Canada while hosting This Country on CBC Newsworld.
Carol would later make history again in 2000, while living in Winnipeg, as host of the APTN news program InVision News, which would eventually became APTN National News. She introduced herself to viewers using traditional language during the first newscast, which hadn't been done at the time. You can still watch that broadcast online today.
She then spent eight years in Yellowknife as the anchor at CBC North, before returning to Saskatchewan with her three children.
Journalism was a way for Carol to reconnect with her Indigenous culture as she got to meet other Cree people.
She took up drumming after going to the Banff Centre of the Arts to do a story on a women's drumming group that was there.
"They were incredible. I ended up bawling my eyes out because what they were doing was so profound and beautiful," said Carol.
The women told her if you want to drum get a drum and start drumming.
So she did, even though Indigenous men would come up to her and tell her she wasn't allowed to drum because she was a woman. Carol kept drumming anyway and today uses it as a way for her to connect non-Indigenous people to her culture when she is giving workshops and public presentations.
"Really what it is is love that is what I'm giving to you from my culture, from myself, from the heartbeat of the drum," she said. "I'm so grateful to the creator for allowing me to embrace this gift."
However, when Carol shared her drumming with her adopted mother it did not go well. Her mom covered her ears.
"I thought oh my God. How can you do that? Your daughter is here, happy to be sharing my culture in a way that makes me proud and you cover your ears," said Carol, who also started dancing at pow wows. "She did not want me to embrace my culture at all."
Carol connected with her birth family when she was in her mid-30s, however her birth mother died in a car accident before they could meet.
Carol keeps in touch with her siblings from Sandy Bay, 734 km northeast of Regina. She tries to get up there once a year and her sisters will sometimes stay with her for a few days if they are in the Regina area.
Over the years, Carol has been trying to get rid of the anger she feels over the lies her mother told her about Indigenous people being terrible.
Carol was mentored by the Saskatchewan painter Allen Sapp who encouraged her to paint. He spoke Cree to her, even though she didn't understand it. She is still working on learning the language today.
Carol has since left journalism and works as a writer and artist. She's published three books and two collections of poetry.
Some of her work is based on her life as a journalist who was part of the 60s Scoop; one of her novels touches on the topic of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls and some of it incorporates drumming.
Carol is currently the Saskatchewan Poet Laureate.
For her, art is a way to heal past wounds, explore her culture, and create awareness about some of the more horrible aspects of Canada's history.
Carol Rose GoldenEagle
A few reader comments:
First regarding the Jan. 4 issue A little-known industry that releases carbon bombs into air, I was asked if I could provide a link to the Facebook group For Peat's Sake, a community-based group in Saskatchewan raising awareness about the potential impacts of the proposed peat mining project in La Ronge.
I was also asked why I linked to a frequently asked questions page to Lambert, the company proposing the peat moss mining in La Ronge. And quite honestly it's because out of all the parties involved in the ongoing mining assessment, it lays out the Saskatchewan Environmental Review Panel process the most succinctly, and it does touch on the concerns other stakeholders have, so for those readers really interested in the issue, please keep in mind that the information, although accurate, is written in a way that slants more favourably towards the company, so I am hoping you will weigh that in context with the rest of the information that was explored in the Jan. 4 issue of The Flatlander.
Also, another Flatlander reader named Liz passed on an episode of a podcast called This Week in the Garden, which was also about peat, for those interested.
And I received some feedback from readers on last week's issue RCMP, crime and why your property taxes could increase.
Cathy wrote:
The matter of rural policing is related to rural depopulation. When population goes down, community norms are weakened, as there are fewer people to keep the social fabric intact. There are also fewer people able to observe unusual activities, so those who have bad intent are emboldened. And with fewer people, the tax base is smaller, so police coverage is more expensive per capita. Maybe the question is more – how do we turn around rural depopulation? What can be done to make living in rural communities more attractive? How can we reverse the trend to ever larger farms…
While there are a lot of cards stacked against the small communities, I think there are ways for provincial and federal policies to support longer term stability in rural areas that are not destructive extraction projects or short-term construction of mega projects. Reinstating a rural bus service like STC could really help – especially with a freight service and schedules that work for passengers. There could be so many cost savings for small businesses that provide services needed for farmers and other residents if they can have less expensive and more reliable freight and transportation.
The revitalization of rural communities is certainly worth exploring in a future issue or two of The Flatlander.
Two men are suing the City of Winnipeg after allegedly hitting a snow-covered cement block while tobogganing on Garbage Hill.
Blondie's Burgers, home of Winnipeg's nine-pound burger, is closing its doors after 31 years in business on Main Street.
Vince Fontaine, an icon in Manitoba's music and Indigenous communities, passed away suddenly at the age of 60.
Manitoba's oldest living person, who survived two global pandemics, celebrated her 111th birthday on Monday.
Students walked out at several schools across Manitoba to protest the lack of safety measures to protect them against COVID-19 while truckers paraded their vehicles up and down Highway 75 near the international border to protest vaccine mandates.
A weather system called a Saskatchewan Screamer wreaked havoc over the United States.
A $2 billion renewable diesel, canola-crushing plant is to be built in Regina in an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
A Prince Albert man invents a voice-to-text mask to help the hard of hearing and deaf communicate.
The Saskatchewan Indian Institute of Technologies is hiring an "Auntie in Residence" to support its students.
Saskatchewan is seeing record activity in exploration for helium, as global demand rises for the gas used to manufacture semiconductors and conduct medical tests.
View of River Landing along the South Saskatchewan River in downtown Saskatoon. GETTY IMAGES
Ask. Is there more about this topic you'd like to learn more about in a follow-up issue of The Flatlander? Just reply to this email to inquire.
Suggest future topics you think should be explored in future issues of The Flatlander by replying to this email.


text:
Small Hours – The Long Night of John Martyn
Orwell – A Man of Our Time
The Man in the Red Coat
Never a Lovely So Real – The Life and Work of Nelson Algren
The Stranger in the Woods
D.T. Max
Every Love Story Is a Ghost Story – A Life of David Foster Wallace
The first biography of the most influential writer of his generation, David Foster Wallace
David Foster Wallace was the leading literary light of his era, a man who not only captivated readers with his prose but also mesmerized them with his brilliant mind. In this, the first biography of the writer, D. T. Max sets out to chart Wallace's tormented, anguished and often triumphant battle to succeed as a novelist as he fights off depression and addiction to emerge with his masterpiece, Infinite Jest.
Since his untimely death by suicide at the age of forty-six in 2008, Wallace has become more than the quintessential writer for his time—he has become a symbol of sincerity and honesty in an inauthentic age. In the end, as Max shows us, what is most interesting about Wallace is not just what he wrote but how he taught us all to live. Written with the cooperation of Wallace's family and friends and with access to hundreds of his unpublished letters, manuscripts, and audio tapes, this portrait of an extraordinarily gifted writer is as fresh as news, as intimate as a love note, as painful as a goodbye.


Two years ago I had $20,000 in my savings account, and my biggest problem was figuring out where to invest it. I found myself bragging about my savings prowess to anybody who would listen. Then everything changed.
Two years ago I had $20,000 in my savings account, and my biggest problem was figuring out where to invest it. I found myself bragging about my savings prowess to anybody who would listen. Then everything changed when I got divorced. My $20,000 was reduced to nothing overnight. Then all of a sudden, I was looking at $6,000 in credit card debt.
As you can imagine, it was a bit of a financial blow — but making payments on my card balance now acts as an instant mood elevator. Even if I just have five extra dollars, when I put it toward my credit card, I feel better. My slow but steady progress means three things: I'm getting my finances back in order, I'm moving on from my past and I'm reducing those pesky interest charges. I don't want to say that my debt was a blessing in disguise, and I wouldn't suggest it as therapeutic by any means, but there are some positives that come along with repaying it.
Paying down debt replaces feelings of blame, shame and guilt with positive emotions like hope and relief. According to Business Insider, being in debt may eliminate the happiness you get from spending your money — such as the excitement of looking forward to a vacation or a night out. It stands to reason that reducing your debt can have the opposite effect, and it often does. It restores the notion that the future is something to look forward to.
It helps repair personal relationships. Money is the number one thing that couples fight about. So working on money issues in a positive way can be the antidote to conflict.
Couples who look at their finances together, create a budget and stick to it, often find their relationship improves as their debt decreases. While repaying debt can jump-start the process, healthy communication is essential. If one person in the relationship is a saver, and the other a spender, tension created by unnecessary purchases can surface quickly. Couples who function better financially have the added benefits of better communication, less stress and a learned sense of financial responsibility that can be passed down to children when the time comes.
It erases past mistakes and can help in the healing process. For me, it was a divorce that drained my bank account, but we all have our reasons for sliding into debt. Physical evidence of that debt — bills, online statements or a record of calls from collectors — can serve as a reminder of the negative experiences that got us there. Rekindling a bank account or settling a balance can be an important step in moving forward, unburdening yourself and moving on.
It gives you freedom to advance toward your goals. Debt can keep us from starting a business, starting a family or going back to school. Many experience a feeling of being stalled; that you have to wait to start your life until your finances are in order. Paying the debt off or even making one small payment in that direction is helpful for regaining hope. It's also motivation to keep going and watch that balance shrink smaller as a growing sense of accomplishment will lead to increased self-confidence in everyday activities. That's how you win a marathon; just keep putting one foot in front of the other. In fact, many people who have stuck to a budget and paid off large portions of debt are less likely to fall back into debt later in life.
Paying off outstanding debt has many emotional, physical and psychological benefits. These extra perks to becoming debt-free include: Less stress, improved health, emotional relief, freedom to pursue other life goals, confidence in your sense of self, stronger resolve to remain debt-free, improved relationships and cutting the tie between spending and happiness. Whether you're making the minimum payment month to month, or paying off large portions at a time, paying off debt will not only benefit your emotional well-being, but your physiological, physical and financial well-being as well.