text:
Will India's second wave derail the recovery?
Alex Wolf Head of Investment Strategy, Asia
Julia Wang Global Market Strategist
Yuxuan Tang Global Market Strategist
India's cyclical recovery will likely be pushed back, although in our base case we don't expect the recovery to be completely derailed.
The second wave of COVID-19 in India has been devastating. Compared to 2020, the current virus strain is spreading more quickly. This has put severe pressure on the local healthcare system and dramatically worsened the human and economic toll. Seven million new cases were reported in April alone, and recent daily case counts have been setting new global records nearly every day. This wave has also occurred amid State elections, where the ruling BJP party under PM Narendra Modi failed to win key state elections.
Lockdowns have commenced in states that have been badly affected, such as Maharashtra, Delhi and Karnataka. These local lockdowns could be extended for weeks until new cases start to slow.
So far, nationwide restrictions have not been imposed, but economic disruption is nonetheless significant. Mobility in transit and working venues (related to production activities), which once recovered to around 90% of pre-COVID levels, recently dropped to 50-60%. Mobility in retail and recreation venues (a consumption indicator) also went down sharply to 50% of pre-COVID levels.
With a more services and domestic demand oriented economy, India is relatively more impacted from rising cases than other parts of Asia that can ride the global boom in manufacturing exports.
For now, our base case is that the current wave will push back the cyclical recovery by about a quarter, but that it does not derail the recovery altogether. We also assume that vaccination efforts will eventually put the economy back on a more sustained recovery trend.
The risks, however, are more skewed to the downside. There are two things to watch:
First, how long will this wave persists? So far there is no consensus prediction from the scientific community as to when infections could peak and to what extent the outbreak could spread to other parts of the country. J.P. Morgan's Investment Bank (JPMIB) currently anticipates the infection rate could be passing a peak and India's daily cases will soon fall below 300K. Vaccination progress will be a key factor in controlling the outbreak and bringing about a recovery. So far, 9% of India's population have received at least one dose of a vaccine. This is far from sufficient. JPMIB expects a stepped up vaccination effort that will allow India to get to 60% vaccinated by Q4 this year.
Second, is policy relief available? India already deployed a 20 trillion rupee (equivalent to 10% of GDP) package of fiscal and monetary measures last year to counter the economic fallout from the extensive nationwide lockdowns during the first wave. With price pressures creeping higher on the global as well as local front, and consolidated government debt standing at 83% of GDP1, the policy space for further stimulus is relatively restrained. That said, while the fiscal trajectory is challenging in the medium-term, if more government spending (and central bank support) are deemed necessary to boost the recovery it will take precedence over the long-term goal of fiscal consolidation.
Beyond India, there are potential wider implications.
First, there is some risk of transmission to the rest of Asia. Singapore and Hong Kong have both found the "double mutant" variant that was first detected in India in locally transmitted cases. Singapore tightened social distancing measures as a result, which took the city-state one step back in its phased reopening that began in June 2020, while Hong Kong ordered the quarantine of hundreds of residents.
Elsewhere, imported cases of this new variant have also been reported. However, Asia is generally handling this wave with heightened vigilance, which many hope will bring it to a swift end.
Second, India has a significant impact on global supply and demand. The Indian economy is not very trade oriented – it accounts for less than 3% of global trade (and runs a trade deficit). But it has a bigger influence in certain industries. India is the world's largest exporter of rice (with around 30% market share). It is also the world's third largest exporter of cotton (over 10% market share – it also imports cotton, but by a much smaller amount) as well as sugar (9%). Thus, severe supply disruptions could put further upward pressures on agricultural prices, which are already rising.
On the import side, India is the world's third largest oil importer, accounting for around 10% of global demand. Within the manufacturing sector, an area of potential impact could be in medicines and pharmaceuticals. India is the world's third-largest pharmaceutical producer in terms of volume. Indian firms provide 20% of the global supply of generics2, meeting 40% of generic demand in the U.S. and a quarter of that in Europe3. It also contributes to 62% of the global vaccine supply4, and is a key supplier of COVID vaccines itself.
Third, the COVID resurgence in India highlights the fragility of the COVID recovery in emerging markets. Compared with developed markets, EMs have generally gone slower in the vaccine rollout, they have weaker healthcare infrastructure, and limited macro policy space. Most emerging markets (except for Russia and China) do not have their own vaccines, and less wealthy emerging markets (i.e., developing economies) cannot afford expensive contracts and thus their recovery from COVID will be more at risk of virus disruptions.
Many emerging markets have also eased their monetary and fiscal policies by a lot, and do not have room to ease more aggressively to cushion the economy. So either way, more stop-starts and less policy space the second time around will slow the return to trend growth for many emerging markets.
Investment implications
In terms of Indian assets, the market reaction has been aligned with our view that the shock will be temporary. We continue to stay constructive as value cyclical sectors, especially financials – which we believe will outperform in the current reflationary environment – make up a large share of major Indian equity indices. If cases peak, vaccinations accelerate, and strong global growth provides a supportive backdrop, the cyclical recovery will likely continue as this wave eases. That said, there are clear risks.
In addition, the COVID situation in India, as well as a recent resurgence in Thailand, the Philippines, and Malaysia, is exacerbating the North-South divide in Asia. This divide was already wide due to the semiconductor boost to Northeast Asia and the tourism drag on Southeast Asia.
There are still many reasons for investors to like Asia – including higher growth, a rising middle-income class, and leading positions in the global value chain – but with a desynchronized cycle, it is more important to be selective. This indicates an advantage for active management.
1 Bank for international Settlements. Data is as of September 30, 2020. Note: consolidated government debt comprises central state and local government and social security funds, but excludes public enterprises.
2 Indian Department of Pharmaceuticals: Annual Report 2019-20. Data is as of 2019.
3 India Brand Equity Foundation: Pharmaceuticals. Data is as of 2019.
4 KPMG: Global Supply Chain Reconfiguration. Data is as of October 6, 2020.
All market and economic data as of May 10, 2021 and sourced from Bloomberg Finance L.P. and FactSet unless otherwise stated.
We believe the information contained in this material to be reliable but do not warrant its accuracy or completeness. Opinions, estimates, and investment strategies and views expressed in this document constitute our judgment based on current market conditions and are subject to change without notice.
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10 key actions to help set yourself up for financial success
Take control of your year, right now, with a few simple moves.
Amanda Lott
The autonomous future has arrived and it's changing, well…
The transformation is likely to happen fast as companies increasingly turn to robots.
David Stubbs
China's tepid consumer rebound
Will policy tighten further?
China's massive trade surplus
What does this mean for investors?
The MSCI China Index captures large- and mid-cap representation across China H shares, B shares, Red chips, P chips and foreign listings (e.g., ADRs). With 459 constituents, the index covers about 85% of this China equity universe. Currently, the index also includes Large Cap A shares represented at 5% of their free float adjusted market capitalization.
The Standard and Poor's 500 Index is a capitalization-weighted index of 500 stocks. The index is designed to measure performance of the broad domestic economy through changes in the aggregate market value of 500 stocks representing all major industries. The index was developed with a base level of 10 for the 1941–43 base period.
The STOXX Europe 600 Index tracks 600 publicly traded companies based in one of 18 EU countries. The index includes small-cap, medium-cap and large-cap companies. The countries represented in the index are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holland, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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While our internally managed strategies generally align well with our forward-looking views, and we are familiar with the investment processes as well as the risk and compliance philosophy of the firm, it is important to note that
J.P. Morgan receives more overall fees when internally managed strategies are included. We offer the option of choosing to exclude J.P. Morgan managed strategies (other than cash and liquidity products) in certain portfolios.
In Luxembourg, this material is issued by J.P. Morgan Bank Luxembourg S.A (JPMBL), with registered office at European Bank and Business Centre, 6 route de Treves, L-2633, Senningerberg, Luxembourg. R.C.S Luxembourg B10.958. Authorized and regulated by Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) and jointly supervised by the European Central Bank (ECB) and the CSSF. J.P. Morgan Bank Luxembourg S.A. is authorized as a credit institution in accordance with the Law of 5th April 1993. In the United Kingdom, this material is issued by J.P. Morgan Bank Luxembourg S.A., London Branch. Prior to Brexit (Brexit meaning that the United Kingdom leaves the European Union under Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union, or, if later, loses its ability to passport financial services between the UK and the remainder of the EEA), J.P. Morgan Bank Luxembourg S.A., London Branch is subject to limited regulation by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority. Details about the extent of our regulation by the Financial Conduct Authority and the Prudential Regulation Authority are available from us on request. In the event of Brexit, in the UK, J.P. Morgan Bank Luxembourg S.A., London Branch is authorized by the Prudential Regulation Authority, subject to regulation by the Financial Conduct Authority and limited regulation by the Prudential Regulation Authority. Details about the extent of our regulation by the Prudential Regulation Authority are available from us on request. In Spain, this material is distributed by J.P. Morgan Bank Luxembourg S.A., Sucursal en España, with registered office at Paseo de la Castellana, 31, 28046 Madrid, Spain. J.P. Morgan Bank Luxembourg S.A., Sucursal en España is registered under number 1516 within the administrative registry of the Bank of Spain and supervised by the Spanish Securities Market Commission (CNMV). In Germany, this material is distributed by J.P. Morgan Bank Luxembourg S.A., Frankfurt Branch, registered office at Taunustor 1 (TaunusTurm), 60310 Frankfurt, Germany, jointly supervised by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF) and the European Central Bank (ECB), and in certain areas also supervised by the Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht (BaFin). In Italy, this material is distributed by
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text:
Image Credit: DSME
South Korea Launches First Indonesian Stealth Submarine
Following last week's launch, the attack submarine will undergo extensive sea trials off the South Korean coast.
By Franz-Stefan Gady for The Diplomat
Last week, South Korean defense contractor Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering (DSME) launched the first out of three Type 209/1400 Chang Bogo-class (a license-built variant of the 209) diesel-electric attack submarines for service in the Indonesian Navy, IHS Jane's Defense Weekly reports.
The submarine was launched on March 24 at the DSME Okpo shipyard in South Gyeongsang, South Korea in a launch ceremony attended by Indonesian Minister of Defense Ryamizard Ryacudu and the Indonesian Navy's highest ranking officer, Admiral Ade Supandi.
Following last week's launch, the attack submarine will undergo extensive sea trials off the South Korean coast and is scheduled for transfer to the Indonesian Navy in March 2017. Construction of a second vessel has already begun. All submarines are expected to be delivered by the first half of 2018, according to IHS Jane's, although The Jakarta Post gives a December 2016 delivery date for all three boats.
In December 2011, DSME was awarded a $1.1 billion contract for the construction of three 1,400-ton diesel-electric attack submarines. According to the contract, the first two submarines are to be built in South Korea, whereas the last vessel will be constructed under license by the Indonesian state-owned shipbuilder PT PAL in Surabaya, Indonesia's second-largest city located on the northeastern coast of Java island.
As I explained in October 2015 (See: "Will Indonesia Buy French Stealth Submarines?"):
The last time the Indonesian Navy received new submarines was in the 1980s with the delivery of two German Type 209/1300 diesel-electric attack submarines (known as Cakra-class in Indonesia), which subsequently underwent several major refits modernizing the subs' propulsion systems, detection and navigation systems, and new fire control and combat systems by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft (HDW) and South Korea's Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering (DSME), which is building Type 209 variants under license.
The Indonesian Chang Bogo-class sub will have an operational range of around 10,000 nautical miles, a surface top speed of 21 knots (10 knots while submerged), feature eight weapon tubes for torpedoes and guided missiles, and will be equipped with "cutting edge electronic defense and radar signal detection systems." The boats will be operated by a crew of 40.
"The submarine has been designed for a range of missions, including anti-surface warfare (ASuW), anti-submarine warfare (ASW), mine laying, and special forces operations," reports IHS Jane's Defense Weekly, based on information supplied by DSME. However, it is unclear if any of the three subs will be fitted with new Lithium-ion batteries that purportedly are under development to boost the underwater endurance of the Chang Bogo-class.
According to The Jakarta Post, Indonesia is still in the process of setting up the proper infrastructure to accommodate the new boats. Once operational, the new facilities should have the capacity to construct or overhaul two submarines simultaneously. After receiving the submarine modules from South Korea in December 2016, PT PAL is scheduled to begin assembling the third boat at the new facilities in Surabaya in January 2017 under DSME supervision.
Chang Bogo-class
Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering
DSME
Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft
Indonesian navy
Indonesian Navy modernization
Ryamizard Ryacudu
Type 209/1400 submarine
Indonesia, South Korea Ink $1 Billion Contract for 3 Diesel-Electric Submarines
The Indonesian Navy is slated to receive three more Nagapasa-class diesel-electric subs by 2026.
Indonesia Launches Third Nagapasa-Class Diesel Electric Attack SubmarineIndonesia, South Korea Close to Signing Attack Submarine DealIndonesia Commissions First Attack Submarine in 34 YearsSouth Korea Launches 2nd Indonesian Attack SubmarineFrance Offers Indonesian Navy's Diesel-Electric Sub New Combat System

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This year of 2019 leads us into many exciting things to come including our next event celebrating 3 Years of our Tech-House + Techno Experience. We invite you to participate in this special milestone celebration that focuses on the backbone of our name, our resident DJs. Expect to hear nothing less than premier Tech-House + Techno sets from DJs Myxzlplix, John Vilotti, Josh Taylor & K-Swift.
New visuals and decor will be featured along with a limited amount of *special giveaways and drink specials for those who arrive early. As we look ahead, we thank you for your continued support and we look forward to embracing the future with your presence.


The KANSAI Tourism Bureau today released an online video aimed at domestic and international travelers, informing them that as of Friday September 21, Kansai International Airport has recovered most of its operational functions following significant damage in early September by Typhoon 21, which shut down the airport and significantly reduced inbound tourism to the region.
Typhoon 21 struck the Kansai area on September 4, causing unprecedented disruption to the Kansai region, including Kansai International Airport. Runways were flooded, and some power facilities and bridges were damaged, severely crippling operations. But service is now restored to pre-disaster levels, thanks to the immense support of all those involved.
The KANSAI Tourism Bureau joins various economic and tourist organizations and local governments in the Kansai area in supporting measures for the promotion of tourism-related activities. The video informs travelers to Kansai from the rest of Asia about the recovery of Kansai International Airport. Now that the airport has resumed normal operations, Chairman Masayoshi Matsumoto and the rest of the KANSAI Tourism Bureau look forward to welcoming visitors to Kansai once more.


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Q: Nested IFs in Calculation I'm working on trying to figure out what I'm doing wrong with my calculation script, the server gives me an error (nothing that says what the problem is ofcourse), just that nice "Sorry, something went wrong" and Go Back to the Site".  Can anyone see what I need to fix in my script?  I used Notepad++ to check my brackets and ()'s and they all seem ok.  The script runs fine until inserting the nested IFs (the IFs script works fine in another calculation).  But, as I have multiple funding sources, I need to include the IFs!
Script:
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A: In NotePad you can format your Formula with line-breaks and indenting tabs or spaces. SharePoint will ignore all on saving your formula.
In any decent texteditor you can save your formula with .ml extensions to get (some) syntax highlighting.
="CFDA "
&[PAZ_CFDA]
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
National Park Should Refer To Atomic Bombings As War Crimes, Say Some Japanese
By Kara Goldfarb
Japanese nationalists want the Manhattan Project National Historical Park to recognize the humanitarian consequences of the atomic bomb's development.
energy.govThe Graphite Reactor at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory is a stop at the Manhattan Project National Historical Park.
Established in November 2015, the Manhattan Project National Historical Park commemorates sites related to the United States' secret wartime atomic bomb program which developed the first atomic weapons.
The park's three units — in Oak Ridge, Tenn., Los Alamos, N.M., and Hanford, Wash. — preserve structures associated with the Manhattan Project, but only some sites are open to the public.
Recently, the National Park Service and the Department of Energy have announced a plan to add new exhibits in 2019. However, some Japanese nationalists are demanding that exhibits memorizing the first atomic weapon also state that the attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during WWII were war crimes.
The park's website says:
"As the project moved closer to the use of the first atomic bomb, ethical questions arose in the minds of some who understood the project's intent; however, scientists and politicians were primarily concerned with ending the war as quickly as possible. With Germany out of the war, a uranium bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, on August 6, 1945. A plutonium bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan, on August 9. On August 14 Japan announced its surrender and World War II ended."
Estimated deaths in Hiroshima range from 90,000 to 166,000, and as many as 80,000 in Nagasaki.
Newsweek/ReutersPeace Memorial Park for atomic bomb victims in Hiroshima, Japan.
"I think there will be problems as they move forward with the project because the officially held view in the U.S. government, as well as the opinion commonly held by American people, is that these were righteous actions" said Hiromichi Moteki, a former history teacher who is now the acting head of the Society for the Dissemination of Historical Fact in Japan. "For us, they were a clear breach of international law at the time."
In response to the criticism, Kris Kirby, the Superintendent of the park said, "What we want to do is to make sure that we provide multiple and broad perspectives and not draw firm conclusions, but to leave those conclusions to our visitors, giving them sovereignty of thought."
A park official said the exhibits will display the damage caused by the U.S bombings of Japan and include the inhumane aspect of nuclear weapons. It hasn't been decided where these exhibits will be placed, but they will be "incredibly important elements" of the Manhattan Project's story.
Park tour at Los Alamos National Laboratory.
More than 600,000 interdisciplinary Americans left their homes for the Manhattan Project, working to advance technology in ways that had never been done before.
An official of the Hiroshima Municipal Government said they hope the exhibition "will be based on objective facts, and not glorify the development of the atomic bomb."
"If it is made clear in the displays that these were war crimes, then that will be fine. But if that is not made clear then this is nothing but a false story," said Moteki.
Next, take a look at Hiroshima shadows burned into the ground by the Atomic bomb. Then read about America's Radium Girls.
Kara Goldfarb
Kara Goldfarb is a writer living in New York City.
This Man Got Stuck At The Airport For 18 Years
Eating Kids As A Solution To Food Shortages: Why One Famous Writer Once Proposed It In "A Modest Proposal"


The Patriots traded for Eagles defensive end Michael Bennett, and one thing they're apparently already on the same page about is the national anthem.
He also no longer hates the team, or the team's QB's long hair.
"I used to hate the Patriots," Bennett said. "I used to hate it. I hated it because they would win so much. I hated it because Tom Brady's hair was long. I hated that (Bill) Belichick would wear sweaters.
Bennett said he hated the Patriots "even more" when his younger brother, Martellus, was with New England. Martellus Bennett won a Super Bowl with the Pats in 2016.
You have to respect Bennett for his honesty.
Of course he no longer hates the team that will sign his paychecks.
NextNew York Giants May Have Found Their Replacement for Odell Beckham Jr.


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Arn Anderson
American professional wrestler
For those of a similar name, see Arne Andersen (disambiguation) and Arne Andersson.
Find sources: "Arn Anderson" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Anderson in August 2014
Martin Anthony Lunde
(1958-09-20) September 20, 1958 (age 60)
Rome, Georgia, United States
Charlotte, North Carolina,
Erin Lunde (m. 1976)
Professional wrestling career
Ring name(s)
Arn Anderson[1]
Super Olympia[1]
Marty Lunde[1]
Uncle Arn
Billed height
6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)[1]
Billed weight
255 lb (116 kg)[1]
Billed from
Trained by
January 2, 1982[1]
May 2000[1]
Martin Anthony Lunde (born September 20, 1958), better known by his ring name Arn Anderson, is an American road agent and retired professional wrestler and author. His career has been highlighted by his alliances with Ric Flair and various members of the wrestling stable The Four Horsemen in the National Wrestling Alliance and World Championship Wrestling. After his retirement Anderson worked as producer for WWE until 2019. On March 31, 2012, Anderson was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame as a member of the Four Horsemen.
1.1 Early career (1982–1984)
1.2 Jim Crockett Promotions/World Championship Wrestling
1.2.1 Becoming an Anderson (1984–1985)
1.2.2 The Four Horsemen (1985–1988)
1.2.3 Teaming with Tully Blanchard (1987–1988)
1.3 World Wrestling Federation (1988–1989)
1.4 Return to WCW
1.4.1 World Television Champion (1989–1990)
1.4.2 World Tag Team Champion (1991–1993)
1.4.3 Four Horsemen reunion (1993–1994)
1.4.4 The Stud Stable, Four Horsemen reunion (1994–1997)
1.4.5 Retirement (1997)
1.5 World Wrestling Entertainment
1.5.1 WCW and partnership with Flair (2001–2005)
1.5.2 Various appearances and departure (2006–2019)
1.6 Podcast with Conrad (2019–present)
4 Other media
5 Championships and accomplishments
Career[edit]
Early career (1982–1984)[edit]
Lunde began his career in early 1982, trained by Ted Lipscomb (Allen), spending much of the year wrestling in various independent wrestling companies across the United States, including a minor run in Mid South Wrestling for Bill Watts 1982-1983[2] By the middle of 1983, he made his way to Southeastern Championship Wrestling, an NWA affiliated promotion operating out of Tennessee and Alabama. Taking the name of Super Olympia, Lunde soon became a member of Ron Fuller's Stud Stable before the year was out. Lunde saw success in the tag team ranks by winning the NWA Southeastern Tag Team Championship three times with Mr. Olympia and once with Pat Rose throughout 1984. It was also here in this promotion that Lunde met and began what would become a lifelong friendship with Ric Flair. By the end of the year, however, Lunde left the company and joined Mid South Wrestling based out of Shreveport. Lunde's time in Mid South was coming to an end, and during a TV taping the Junk Yard Dog mentioned to Bill Watts, the owner of Mid South Wrestling, that Lunde looked like an Anderson. Watts called Jim Crockett and convinced him to book Lunde.
Jim Crockett Promotions/World Championship Wrestling[edit]
Becoming an Anderson (1984–1985)[edit]
Lunde made his way to Jim Crockett, Jr.'s Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling, based in the Virginias and the Carolinas. By this time, the company extended its range into Georgia after rival promoter Vince McMahon purchased Georgia Championship Wrestling. There was a strong physical resemblance between Lunde and Ole Anderson, who had achieved legendary status in the Georgia and Mid-Atlantic territories as a tag team wrestler. Ole noticed that Lunde's style was a no nonsense approach in the ring and specialized in working over a part of an opponent's body throughout the match, much like Ole himself. Anderson agreed to work with Lunde, helping to hone his capabilities, and re-formed the Minnesota Wrecking Crew with Lunde replacing Gene Anderson and taking on the name of Arn Anderson, Ole's kayfabe nephew. The team quickly became a force in the territory by capturing the NWA National Tag Team Championship in March 1985.[2] Arn and Ole defended the titles throughout the year, with their highest profile match being part of the card for Starrcade 1985 on Thanksgiving night. The Crew successfully defended the titles against Wahoo McDaniel and Billy Jack Haynes.
The Four Horsemen (1985–1988)[edit]
In the latter half of 1985, the Andersons formed a loose knit alliance with fellow heels Tully Blanchard and Ric Flair, as they began to have common enemies. The foursome frequently teamed together in six-man, and sometimes, eight-man tag matches or interfered in each other's matches to help score a victory or, at least, to prevent each other from losing their titles. The alliance quickly became a force within the territory, working in feuds against some of the biggest stars in the company like Dusty Rhodes, Magnum T.A., The Road Warriors and the Rock 'n' Roll Express. Anderson also saw success as a singles wrestler on January 4, 1986 by winning the vacant NWA Television Championship.[2] Simultaneously, Anderson was still one half of the NWA National Tag Team Champions and, even though Crockett promotions abandoned the National Tag titles in March, Anderson's success as a dual champion elevated his status within the territory. It was also during this time (in 1986) that the Andersons, Blanchard, and Flair began calling themselves The Four Horsemen with James J. Dillon serving as the group's manager.[2] Anderson also had a tremendous ability to do interviews to further the storylines he participated in. His ability to improvise in interviews allowed him to coin the "Four Horsemen" moniker for the stable, as he likened their coming to wrestle at an event and the aftermath of their wrath as being akin to the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, and the name stuck. Anderson continued his reign as NWA Television Champion for most of the year, holding the championship for just over 9 months before losing it to Dusty Rhodes on September 9, 1986.
The first real setback with the Horsemen occurred at Starrcade 1986 after Anderson and Ole lost a Steel Cage match to The Rock 'n' Roll Express, with Ole getting pinned. The subsequent storyline positioned Ole as the weak link within the team, possibly attributed to his age. Ole's position with the group was only further weakened after he decided to take two months off after Starrcade. After Ole's return in February 1987, the other Horsemen turned on him and threw him out of the group, resulting in Ole incurring numerous attacks over the next several months. Afterwards, Ole was replaced with Lex Luger and the Horsemen resumed their dominance of the company.
Teaming with Tully Blanchard (1987–1988)[edit]
Anderson (left) with his tag team partner Tully Blanchard
As a member of the Horsemen, Anderson continued to be involved in high-profile angles within the company. By mid-1987, Anderson and fellow Horsemen Tully Blanchard began regularly competing as a tag team and rose quickly through the tag team ranks.[2] The duo faced the Rock 'n' Roll Express for the NWA World Tag Team Championship on September 29, 1987 and were victorious.[2] This win further solidified the group's dominance in the company as Lex Luger was the reigning NWA United States Heavyweight Champion and Ric Flair spent most of 1987 as the NWA World Heavyweight Champion, losing it to Ron Garvin in September, only to regain it at Starrcade 1987 on Thanksgiving night. Anderson and Tully continued to feud throughout the rest of the year and first few months of 1988 with the Road Warriors, the Rock 'n' Roll Express and the Midnight Express being their most frequent rivals.
By December 1987, Luger had defected from the Horsemen and began a heated feud with the group, with Ric Flair especially. In early 1988, Luger formed a tag team with Barry Windham and began challenging Anderson and Blanchard for the NWA World Tag Team Championship. The bigger, stronger team of Windham and Luger were eventually successful, winning the titles on March 27, 1988. The reign would be short lived, however, as Anderson and Blanchard regained the titles less than a month later after Barry Windham turned on Luger during their match and joined the Horsemen. Though Anderson and Blanchard were two of the biggest stars in Crockett's company, they were frequently in dispute with Crockett over their pay. Despite the fact that the two, along with the Horsemen, were helping to generate millions of dollars in revenue for the company, they considered themselves to be underpaid. Their last contracted match with the company took place on September 10, 1988 when they dropped the NWA World Tag Team Championship to the Midnight Express before leaving for the WWF.
World Wrestling Federation (1988–1989)[edit]
Anderson and Blanchard left Crockett's company to join Vince McMahon's World Wrestling Federation. Upon being named the Brain Busters, the team took Bobby "The Brain" Heenan as their manager and quickly began rising through the tag team ranks, eventually coming to challenge Demolition for the WWF Tag Team Championship. On July 18, 1989, the Brain Busters won the titles, ending Demolition's historic reign of 478 days; the match would air on the July 29 edition of Saturday Night's Main Event. Although they would lose the titles back to Demolition just over three months later, the Brain Busters continued to be a force in the WWF's tag team division.[2]
Return to WCW[edit]
World Television Champion (1989–1990)[edit]
In December 1989, Anderson left the WWF and went back to WCW.[2] Blanchard was slated to return as well but WWF accused him of testing positive for cocaine. Crockett's company was now called World Championship Wrestling and was under the ownership of billionaire mogul Ted Turner. Anderson helped to reform the Horsemen and he quickly found success in the company, winning the NWA World Television Championship on January 2, 1990.[2] Anderson remained the champion almost the entire year before dropping it to Tom Zenk. Zenk's reign would be short lived, however, as Anderson regained the title, having been renamed the WCW World Television Championship on January 14, 1991.[2] His third reign with the title was also considered successful as he held the title a little more than five months before dropping it to "Beautiful" Bobby Eaton on May 19, 1991. Afterwards, with Horsemen members Ric Flair and Sid Vicious gone to the WWF and Barry Windham having turned face, Anderson entered the tag team ranks of WCW.
World Tag Team Champion (1991–1993)[edit]
Main article: The Enforcers (professional wrestling)
In the summer of 1991, Anderson formed a tag team with Larry Zbyszko and they called themselves The Enforcers. After competing for several months and moving up in the tag team ranks, they successfully captured the WCW World Tag Team Championship on September 2, 1991. The reign would be short lived, however, as they lost the titles roughly two and a half months later to Ricky Steamboat and Dustin Rhodes. Anderson and Zbyszko went their separate ways shortly afterward. Anderson quickly rebounded from his split with Zbyszko and formed a tag team with Beautiful Bobby Eaton, a long-time friend and best known for his time as one half of the Midnight Express. At this point, they were members of Paul E. Dangerously's Dangerous Alliance. They quickly moved up the tag team division and were soon a threat to Steamboat and Rhodes. Anderson and Eaton quickly won the titles on January 16, 1992 and defended the titles against all comers for the next four and a half months before losing the titles to The Steiner Brothers in May.[2]
Four Horsemen reunion (1993–1994)[edit]
In May 1993, Anderson joined Ole Anderson and Ric Flair to re-form the Four Horsemen. The Horsemen introduced Paul Roma as their newest member. Although athletic and a skilled in-ring competitor, Roma had spent much of his career as a jobber in the WWF. As part of an interview segment for the Ric Flair and the Four Horsemen DVD, Triple H stated that he thought the addition of Roma made the membership the weakest in the history of the group, and Arn himself referred to Roma as "a glorified gym rat". Although Anderson and Roma won the WCW World Tag Team Championship in August, the group quickly split and was seen as a dismal failure by WCW.
The Stud Stable, Four Horsemen reunion (1994–1997)[edit]
Anderson remained a regular, on-screen performer in WCW over the next few years. He wrestled as a face, even teaming with Dustin Rhodes to feud with the Stud Stable. However he turned heel again and betrayed Rhodes by rejoining Col. Rob Parker's Stud Stable in 1994 with Terry Funk, Bunkhouse Buck, "Stunning" Steve Austin and Meng.[3] The Stud Stable feuded heavily with Dusty and Dustin Rhodes until late 1994 when Funk left. In early 1995, Meng eventually left to join the Dungeon of Doom.
Anderson's last championship run began on January 8, 1995 after winning the World Television Championship from Johnny B. Badd. Anderson helped restore the prestige of the title, which he held for just over six months before dropping it to The Renegade. He briefly feuded with long-time friend Flair, and was assisted by Brian Pillman in his efforts. However, it was a swerve to reunify the Horsemen with Flair, Anderson, Pillman, and a partner to be named later (who ended up being Chris Benoit).
By the end of 1996, Anderson rarely competed in the ring as years of wear and tear on his body finally started to catch up with him. On the November 25 edition of Nitro, Anderson fought Luger to a double count-out in a quarter-final tournament match for the vacant WCW United States Championship.
Retirement (1997)[edit]
On the August 25, 1997 episode of Monday Nitro, Anderson formally announced his retirement from the ring.[2] While standing in the ring, surrounded by Ric Flair and newest Horsemen members Steve McMichael and Benoit, Anderson declared that his last official act as the "Enforcer" for the Four Horsemen was to offer his "spot" in the group to Curt Hennig, as he was forced to retire due to extensive neck and upper back injuries. He worked a couple tag matches afterward, including teaming with David Flair on an episode of WCW Thunder, but his physical involvement was extremely limited in those bouts.
On the September 14, 1998 edition of Nitro, alongside Steve McMichael, Dean Malenko, and Chris Benoit, Anderson ceremoniously reintroduced Ric Flair to WCW after his 12-month hiatus. In doing so, they reformed the Horsemen who then feuded with WCW President Eric Bischoff. Flair won the presidency of WCW from Bischoff on the December 28, 1998 episode of Nitro followed by winning the WCW World Heavyweight Championship at Uncensored 1999 and turn heel in the process. Anderson remained Flair's right-hand man during this time as he attempted to keep Flair's delusional hunger for power at bay.
In 2000, Anderson was a member of the short-lived Old Age Outlaws. Led by Terry Funk, the group of veteran wrestlers battled the revived New World Order. WCW was purchased by the World Wrestling Federation in 2001, ending Anderson's tenure there.
World Wrestling Entertainment[edit]
WCW and partnership with Flair (2001–2005)[edit]
Not long after the closing of WCW, Anderson became a road agent for WWF, renamed World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) in May 2002.[2] He occasionally appears on WWE television trying to, with the help of other WWE management, pull apart (kayfabe) backstage brawls. Before the WCW/ECW Invasion storyline, Anderson took up color commentary for a WCW World Heavyweight Championship match between Booker T and Buff Bagwell, WCW Cruiserweight Championship match with Billy Kidman and Gregory Helms as well as another WCW Championship match between Diamond Dallas Page and Booker T, which would be his only appearances as a commentator in WWE. He made an appearance on Raw in 2002 delivering a video to Triple H before he was supposed to renew his wedding vows to then-heel, Stephanie McMahon. Anderson was also assaulted on Raw by The Undertaker leading up the Undertaker vs. then-babyface, Ric Flair match at WrestleMania X8. During that bout, Anderson made a brief in-ring appearance, delivering his signature spinebuster to The Undertaker. He would later turn heel once again by helping Ric Flair in his feud with Stone Cold Steve Austin, leading to Austin (kayfabe) urinating on him. Several months later he became a face once again and attempted to help a then-babyface Flair gain (kayfabe) sole ownership of WWE during a match with Vince McMahon, but backed down from a confrontation with Brock Lesnar, who entered the ring to assist McMahon.
Various appearances and departure (2006–2019)[edit]
Anderson made a special appearance at the October 2006 Raw Family Reunion special, in which he was in Ric Flair's corner for his match against Mitch of the Spirit Squad. Anderson was in the corner of Flair, Sgt. Slaughter, Dusty Rhodes, and Ron Simmons at Survivor Series 2006, where the four faced the Spirit Squad, but was ejected from the arena during the match. On the March 31, 2008 Raw, Anderson came out to say his final goodbye to Ric Flair and thank him for his career. At the No Mercy event, he was backstage congratulating Triple H for retaining the WWE Championship against Jeff Hardy.
On an episode of Smackdown Live in August 2016, Anderson made an appearance as one of the people asked by Heath Slater to be his tag team partner for the tournament to determine the inaugural winners of the WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship. Anderson refused to help Slater upon learning that he was not Slater's first choice as a tag team partner. On the August 8, 2017 episode of Smackdown Live, Anderson made a guest appearance on Fashion Police, revealing himself to be the one who destroyed Breezango's toy horse, Tully, and boasting he was the best horse from the Four Horsemen, and that "Tully" should have been named "Arn".
On February 22, 2019, it was reported Anderson had been fired from the WWE.[4][5] It was later reported this was due to Anderson allowing an intoxicated Alicia Fox to wrestle a match at a WWE Live Event on February 10.[6] At Starcast II, Anderson spoke briefly about his release saying he didn't want to be somewhere he was not wanted and the hours had become too much for him. He couldn't say much due to being bound by a non-disclosure agreement.[7]
Podcast with Conrad (2019–present)[edit]
Following his departure from WWE, Anderson revealed on May 24, 2019, that he would be starting an audio podcast with Conrad Thompson to debut in 2019.[8]
Although he was billed as such at various times, Arn is not related to Gene Anderson, Lars Anderson, Ole Anderson, C.W. Anderson or Ric Flair. He was given the Anderson name and was originally billed as Ole's brother, and then later billed as Ole's nephew, because of his resemblance to Ole in appearance and wrestling style and billed as Ric Flair's cousin. Flair is not related to any of the Andersons, but he is a longtime friend of Arn.
In 1993, Anderson was involved in a brutal stabbing incident during a WCW tour of Europe. On October 27, 1993, in Blackburn, Lancashire, Anderson and Sid Eudy were involved in an argument at a hotel bar. Anderson threatened Eudy with a broken bottle. After being sent to their rooms by security chief Doug Dillinger, Eudy later came to Andersons door armed with a chair leg. A pair of safety scissors was introduced into the brawl by Anderson, with Eudy receiving four stab wounds and Anderson receiving twenty, losing a pint and a half of blood. The fight was broken up by WCW wrestler 2 Cold Scorpio, who was credited with saving Anderson's life. Neither man pressed charges against the other, and British police declined to do so since both men were leaving the country. Eudy was later fired over the incident.[9]
As stated in his biography, in a match in 1994, Arn was thrown into the ring ropes. The top rope broke from the turnbuckle, but he was able to land on his feet. Six months later, the same event happened again, but this time he landed full-force on to the concrete and hit his head, neck, and upper back. He never took time off to heal. As time passed, with no down time, the injuries worsened. In his biography, Anderson states that the first sign of problems was, during a match, his left arm suddenly went numb and unresponsive. Later on, they found a rib, possibly torn away from the spine during the accident, was popping in and out of joint, causing shoulder discomfort and weakness.
Upon seeing his chiropractor in Charlotte, North Carolina, and consulting medical experts in Atlanta, Georgia, the damage was found to be much more severe and surgery was deemed the only option to keep his left arm functioning at all. Surgery occurred in Atlanta in late 1996 (resulting in a left posterior laminectomy of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th cervical bones and a fusion of the 7th cervical and 1st thoracic bones) and was successful in repairing most of the damage, but there does remain some muscle weakness, loss of fine motor control, and loss of muscle mass in his left arm. He spent many weeks in the hospital during that time, crediting his recovery to his wife, his physical therapist, and the fact he did not want his children to be fatherless. However, he would be readmitted in March 1997 with symptoms akin to cardiac arrest and pulmonary failure, but was released soon afterwards.
The Comedy Central series Tosh.0 has referred to Anderson on a regular basis beginning with its October 15, 2009 episode featuring a backyard wrestler redemption. Host Daniel Tosh stated that real wrestling is all about "showmanship and tights", and that if "being a great technician were all it took, then Arn Anderson would be the most famous wrestler in the world". Tosh has continued to "call out" Anderson, even referring to a gap between mentions as "(going) easy on you". Tosh's March 6, 2012 memorabilia dump included a signed Arn Anderson action figure.
Other media[edit]
His book, Arn Anderson 4 Ever, was released on April 30, 2000.
Arn Anderson has appeared in WWE Legends of WrestleMania and WWE '12 as a legend. He later appeared in WWE 2K16 (as DLC) and WWE 2K17 as a member of The Enforcers with Larry Zbyszko.
Championships and accomplishments[edit]
Cauliflower Alley Club
Lou Thesz/Art Abrahams Lifetime Achievement Award (2016)[10]
Jim Crockett Promotions / World Championship Wrestling
NWA/WCW World Television Championship (4 times)[11]
NWA National Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Ole Anderson[12]
NWA (Mid-Atlantic)/WCW World Tag Team Championship (5 times) – with Tully Blanchard (2), Larry Zbyszko (1), Bobby Eaton (1) and Paul Roma (1)[13]
NWA World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Paul Roma[14]
NWA World Television Championship Tournament (1986)
WCW World Tag Team Championship Tournament (1991) – with Larry Zbyszko
PWI ranked him #9 of the 500 best wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1991
PWI Feud of the Year (1987) Four Horsemen vs. The Super Powers and The Road Warriors
PWI Tag Team of the Year (1989) with Tully Blanchard
PWI Tag Team of the Year (1991) with Larry Zbyszko
PWI Stanley Weston Award (1997)
PWI ranked him #62 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003[15]
Southeastern Championship Wrestling
NWA Southeastern Tag Team Championship (4 times) – with Jerry Stubbs (3) and Pat Rose (1)[16]
Southern States Wrestling
Kingsport Wrestling Hall of Fame (Class of 2001)
World Wrestling Federation/WWE
WWF Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Tully Blanchard[17]
WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2012)[18]
Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
Best on Interviews (1990)
Worst Worked Match of the Year (1996) with Ric Flair, Meng, The Barbarian, Lex Luger, Kevin Sullivan, Z-Gangsta and The Ultimate Solution vs. Hulk Hogan and Randy Savage, Uncensored, Towers of Doom match, March 24
^ a b c d e f g "Online World of Wrestling profile".
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "WWE Alumni, Arn Anderson Bio". WWE. Archived from the original on February 9, 2010. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
^ "Stud Stable". Online World of Wrestling. Retrieved September 8, 2009.
^ https://www.pwinsider.com/ViewArticle.php?id=124356
^ http://www.prowrestlingsheet.com/arn-anderson-let-go-wwe/#.XG_Ye-hKiUk
^ https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/report-arn-anderson-was-let-go-wwe-because-he-allowed-alicia-fox-wrestle-while-intoxicated
^ https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/arn-anderson-unable-detail-his-wwe-departure-says-he-doesn-t-want-be-where-he-s-not-wanted
^ Dave Meltzer (November 8, 1993). Wrestling Observer Newsletter. CS1 maint: Untitled periodical (link)
^ "ARN ANDERSON, PAUL ORNDORFF, TRISH STRATUS AND MORE TO BE HONORED BY CAULIFLOWER ALLEY CLUB - PWInsider.com". www.pwinsider.com.
^ NWA/WCW World Television Title at wrestling-titles.com
^ NWA National Tag Team Title Archived December 18, 2007, at the Wayback Machine at wrestling-titles.com
^ WCW World Tag Team Title at wrestling-titles.com
^ "NWA World Tag Team Championship history".
^ "Pro Wrestling Illustrated's Top 500 Wrestlers of the PWI Years". Wrestling Information Archive. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved 2010-09-15.
^ NWA Southeastern Tag Team Title at wrestling-titles.com
^ "World Tag Team Championship - Brain Busters". WWE. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
^ "The Four Horsemen". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
Books[edit]
Autobiography: Anderson, Arn. Arn Anderson 4 Ever: A Look Behind the Curtain. Kayfabe Pub Group, 1998
Professional wrestling portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arn Anderson.
Arn Anderson at Cagematch.net
Arn Anderson Tribute Site
WWE profile at the Wayback Machine (archived March 7, 2012)
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Arn Anderson and Paul Roma
(1993–1996;
1998–2002;
2007–present)
The Rock 'n' Roll Express (Ricky Morton and Robert Gibson)
Mr. Gannosuke and Tarzan Goto
C.W. Anderson and Pat Anderson
The Border Patrol (Agent Gunn and Agent Maxx)
Barry Windham and Tully Blanchard
The Brotherhood (Eric Sbraccia and Knuckles Nelson)
The Brotherhood (Knuckles Nelson and Rick Fuller)
The Public Enemy (Johnny Grunge and Rocco Rock)
The Brotherhood (Dukes Dalton and Knuckles Nelson)
Team Extreme (Khris Germany and Kit Carson)
Murder, Inc. (Jimmy James and Kevin Northcutt)
xXx (Curtis Thompson and Drake Dawson)
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Dan Factor and David Flair
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Glacier and Jason Sugarman
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The Usual Suspects (A.J. Steele and Murder One)
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The New Midnight Express (Bodacious Bart and Bombastic Bob)
A.J. Styles and Jerry Lynn
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The Disciples of the New Church (Brian Lee and Slash)
Triple X (Christopher Daniels, Elix Skipper and Low Ki)
Amazing Red and Jerry Lynn
Simon Diamond and Johnny Swinger
3Live Kru (B.G. James, Konnan and Ron Killings)
The Red Shirt Security (Joe Legend and Kevin Northcutt)
Abyss and A.J. Styles
Dallas and Kid Kash
D'Lo Brown and El Gran Apolo
The Naturals (Andy Douglas and Chase Stevens)
Chris Harris and Elix Skipper
Christopher Daniels and James Storm
Team Canada (Bobby Roode and Eric Young)
A.J. Styles and Christopher Daniels
The Latin American Xchange (Hernandez and Homicide)
Team 3D (Brother Devon and Brother Ray)
WCW World Tag Team Champions
The Minnesota Wrecking Crew (Gene Anderson and Ole Anderson)
Paul Jones and Wahoo McDaniel
Rufus R. Jones and Wahoo McDaniel
Dino Bravo and Mr. Wrestling
Greg Valentine and Ric Flair
Dick Slater and Dusty Rhodes
Paul Jones and Ricky Steamboat
Baron von Raschke and Greg Valentine
Jimmy Snuka and Paul Orndorff
Baron von Raschke and Paul Jones
Blackjack Mulligan and Ric Flair
Jay Youngblood and Ricky Steamboat
Greg Valentine and Ray Stevens
Jimmy Snuka and Ray Stevens
The Masked Superstar and Paul Jones
Ivan Koloff and Ray Stevens
Ole Anderson and Stan Hansen
Don Kernodle and Sgt. Slaughter
Jack Brisco and Jerry Brisco
Bob Orton Jr. and Don Kernodle
Mark Youngblood and Wahoo McDaniel
Don Kernodle and Ivan Koloff
Dusty Rhodes and Manny Fernandez
The Russians (Ivan Koloff and Nikita Koloff)
The Midnight Express (Bobby Eaton and Dennis Condrey)
Manny Fernandez and Rick Rude
Arn Anderson and Tully Blanchard
Barry Windham and Lex Luger
The Road Warriors (Animal and Hawk)
The Varsity Club (Mike Rotunda and Steve Williams)
The Fabulous Freebirds (Michael Hayes and Jimmy Garvin)
Doom (Butch Reed and Ron Simmons)
The Enforcers (Arn Anderson and Larry Zbyszko)
Dustin Rhodes and Ricky Steamboat
Arn Anderson and Bobby Eaton
2 Cold Scorpio and Marcus Bagwell
Cactus Jack and Kevin Sullivan
Pretty Wonderful (Paul Orndorff and Paul Roma)
Stars and Stripes (Marcus Alexander Bagwell and The Patriot)
Harlem Heat (Booker T and Stevie Ray)
Dick Slater and Bunkhouse Buck
The American Males (Marcus Bagwell and Scotty Riggs)
Lex Luger and Sting
The Outsiders (Kevin Nash, Scott Hall and Syxx)
The Giant and Lex Luger
Kevin Nash and Sting
The Giant and Scott Hall
Kenny Kaos and Rick Steiner
Barry Windham and Curt Hennig
Chris Benoit and Dean Malenko
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Perry Saturn and Raven
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Chris Benoit and Perry Saturn
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Creative Control/The Harris Brothers (Gerald/Ron Harris and Patrick/Don Harris)
Bret Hart and Goldberg
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Buff Bagwell and Shane Douglas
KroniK (Brian Adams and Bryan Clark)
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Dark Carnival (The Great Muta and Vampiro)
Filthy Animals (Rey Misterio Jr. and Juventud Guerrera)
Mark Jindrak and Sean O'Haire
Misfits In Action (Corporal Cajun and Lieutenant Loco)
The Boogie Knights (Alex Wright and Disco Inferno)
The Insiders (Diamond Dallas Page and Kevin Nash)
The Natural Born Thrillers (Chuck Palumbo and Sean O'Haire)
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Ole Anderson
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Managers and valets
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arn_Anderson&oldid=902480635"
American color commentators
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CS1 maint: Untitled periodical
BLP articles lacking sources from September 2010
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text:
Prof. MUDr. Jan Vignati (2. července 1899 Přerov – 26. srpna 1942 Věznice Plötzensee) byl český lékař a odbojář z období druhé světové války popravený nacisty.

Život
Jan Vignati se narodil 2. července 1899 v Přerově v rodině obchodníka Viléma Vignatiho, jehož otec pocházel z italského Milána, a Marie rozené Graubnerové. Vystudoval gymnázium ve Valašském Meziříčí, kde v roce 1917 maturoval. Mezi lety 1919 a 1924 absolvoval Lékařskou fakultu Masarykovy univerzity v Brně. Do roku 1930 pracoval v Zemské nemocnici v Olomouci postupně na dermatologické klinice a mikrobiologickém ústavu, poté do roku 1939 na postu primáře patologie v Zemské nemocnivi v Uherském Hradišti. Odborně publikoval, je autorem 35 převážně experimentálně-patologických prací vydaných v několika jazycích. Byl zakladatelem Spolku proti rakovině v Uherském Hradišti, vedoucím Vědeckého spolku lékařského pro zemi Moravskoslezskou, členem pařížské Société de biologie a Zednářské lóže Lafayettovy v Olomouci.

Protinacistický odboj
Po německé okupaci se Jan Vignati zapojil do protinacistického odboje v rámci zemského velitelství Obrany národa, kde stál v čele tzv. Zvláštního oddělení, které se zabývalo biologickým bojem za využití břišního tyfu a to mj. ve spolupráci s Vítězslavem Mečířem. Z tohoto důvodu založil v uherskohradišťské tyfové kultury. Díky svým cestám do dalších měst se také podílel na budování Obrany národa na celé Moravě. Zabýval se i zpravodajskou činností, pomocí zednářských kontaktů v Alžíru se informace od něj dostávaly do novin ve Francii. Za svou činnost byl gestapem zatčen 1. března 1940. Vězněn byl v Brně na Špilberku, Sušilových a Kounicových kolejích, od března 1941 pak ve Wohlau a dále v Breslau, Dietzu a berlínské Alt-Moabit. Dne 8. listopadu 1941 byl lidovým soudem odsouzen k trestu smrti a 26. srpna 1942 popraven v další berlínské věznici Plötzensee společně s Vítězslavem Mečířem.

Rodina
Jan Vignati měl tři bratry. Miloš Vignati (1897-1966) byl právníkem, pedagogem a hudebním skladatelem, Vilém Vignati (1915-1981) lékařem a hudebníkem a Karel Vignati (1903-?) inženýrem chemie. Oženil se s Valérií Vignatiovou, manželům se narodila dcera Jana (1937-1999), budoucí archeoložka, a syn Pavel.

Posmrtná ocenění

 Jan Vignati obdržel in memoriam Československý válečný kříž 1939
 Jan Vignati byl in memoriam profesorem patologické anatomie Lékařské fakulty Masarykovy univerzity
 Dne 28. 10. 1946 byl Janu Vignatimu odhalen v Uherském Hradišti pomník
 Před chirurgickým pavilonem v nemocnici v Uherském Hradišti byla Janu Vignatimu odhalena busta

Odkazy

Literatura
 Petr Čech - Vignati vyvíjel biologickou zbraň proti nacistům, jeho busta zdobí nemocniční park (článek na stránkách Dobrý den s kurýrem, 2018)

Reference

Externí odkazy

 Jan Vignati-hrdina protinacistického odboje - článek na stránkách Dobrý den s kurýrem (2011)

Čeští patologové
Absolventi Lékařské fakulty Masarykovy univerzity
Čeští svobodní zednáři
Lidé z Uherského Hradiště
Osobnosti Obrany národa
Věznění v Kounicových kolejích
Češi odsouzení k trestu smrti
Lidé popravení gilotinou
Nositelé Československého válečného kříže 1939
Narození v roce 1899
Narození 2. července
Narození v Přerově
Úmrtí v roce 1942
Úmrtí 26. srpna
Úmrtí ve Věznici Plötzensee
Muži

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Americans Win the Presidents Cup – Again
by Matt Ristine | Oct 13, 2015 | Uncategorized | 0 comments
By Paul Myers
It is often said that the only rivalries in sports are the ones where there is a healthy competition back and forth, with both sides winning their share of contests. If that is true, then the Presidents Cup is no rivalry. Although the matches in the 2015 edition of the Presidents Cup were highly competitive, the outcome was the same as it has been so many times through the years – the United States team prevailing over the International side. The competition has been staged 11 times since its inception in 1994, with the Americans winning 9 of those 11 meetings. There has been one tie, in 2003, and the International team's lone victory came all the way back in 1998 at Royal Melbourne Golf Club in Australia.
Not the Ryder Cup
The majority of golf fans would agree that the Presidents Cup doesn't offer nearly the excitement that is found every other year when the Ryder Cup takes place. Of course, the Ryder Cup has a longer history, but it has been far more competitive as well. Although the European side is on a great run in recent years, there has been plenty of back and forth when it comes to the Ryder Cup competitions. However, for the Presidents Cup, it has been about as lopsided as a competition can be. It seems certain that this event will need to see at least a couple of International victories before it can take a more prominent place in the world of golf.
Plenty of Talent
It would appear to be the lack of depth within the International side that has caused it to fall short so many times. Certainly, there is no lack of star power at the top of the team, as there are typically two or three truly great players included in the International squad. In 2015, players like Jason Day, Adam Scott, and Louis Oosthuizen made for a formidable trio. And, to give credit where it is due, the Internationals were more than up to the task of battling the Americans all the way to the end. When all was said and done, a Bill Haas victory in the final match of the Cup led the U.S. to a 15 ½ – 14 ½ win. The International team more than held their own, but it was not enough in the end.
Despite their ugly record – winless in the last eight tries – it would seem that the International side will take home the Cup sooner rather than later. With Jason Day poised to remain at the top of the game for years to come, and an increasingly deep pool of talent behind him, they seem to be closing the gap on the dominant American group. Of course, Jordan Spieth, Dustin Johnson, Rickie Fowler, and others will have something to say about that. To be sure, the International side will bring everything it has to Liberty National Golf Club in New Jersey in 2017 with the goal of breaking a losing streak that will be near two decades when the event finally rolls around.
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Situated at the rear of the college, the MUGA provides recreational activities available to learners, staff and authorised users for 5-aside, basketball and netball. Pedestrian access to the MUGA is available by using the footpath at the side of the building and up the steps. Disabled access is gained via a gate at the top of the College grounds, leading off from the main pathway.


Johns, Benjamin et al "Indoor Residual Spraying Delivery Models to Prevent Malaria: Comparison of Community- and District-Based Approaches in Ethiopia." Global Health: Science and Practice 4.4 (2016): 529-541. Web. 19 April. 2019.


Fāng tóu yú in language.
Rì běn fāng tóu yú in language.
Dooley, J.K. (1978) Systematics and biology of the tilefishes (Perciformes: Branchiostegidae and Malacanthidae) with descriptions of two new species.: NOAA Tech. Rep. NMFS Circ. No. 411:1-78.
Hayashi, Y. (1976) Studies on the growth of the red tilefish in the East China Sea. II. Estimation of age and growth from otoliths reading.: Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. 42(11):1243-1250.


Job security is at an all-time low in America and many other parts of the world – sometimes it feels like the only company you can trust is the one that you start yourself!
Add that to the fact that the power of the Internet has not only greatly democratized the economy and lowered the barrier to entry for a lot of people, but has opened up whole new industries, and you've got a pretty compelling case to strike out on your own.
Whether you're transitioning from an old career into a new one, facing the all-too-familiar struggle to stay at home with the kids and remain productive, or retiring and looking for what's next, a business and a home-based business is a great opportunity.
Starting one is within reach for just about anybody who's willing to take on the risk and work hard.
If you're sure you want to get started, but don't know how to get started, then continue reading on.
You'll find are 43 ideas for businesses that you can begin building today without a huge amount of capital.
When you encounter one that resonates with you, you'll find some useful information on that particular business to help you decide whether or not it's the right one for you.
Each idea and business is organized neatly for easy reading.
You'll find out the average income for each business and what qualifications are required (if any).
These 43 ideas are businesses where you can offer services all the way to online businesses.


text:
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The Nigerian Labour Congress (NLC) in Enugu State has charged companies, banks, industries and other employers of labour in the state to begin the payment of the new minimum wage to workers.
The Nigerian government has set N18,000 as the minimum wage payable to workers.
Mr. Ndudi Chude, Vice-Chairman of the NLC in Enugu State told newsmen on Tuesday in Enugu that ongoing dialogue with employers over the payment of the wage would focus on employers with more than 50 employees.
He explained that the charge was meant to make government and the private sector to realise that the new minimum wage affected all their workers.
Chude said the NLC would visit banks and companies after positive conclusions would have been reached with the Enugu State government on the implementation of the new wage.
"Other employers of labour who have employed more than 50 people, we are going to visit them so that they will now start paying that minimum wage.
Reports says day that Chude was also a National Vice-President, Radio Television and Theatre Arts Workers Union.