text:
/**
 * Gen 1 mechanics are fairly different to those we know on current gen.
 * Therefor we need to make a lot of changes to the battle engine for this game simulation.
 * This generation inherits all the changes from older generations, that must be taken into account when editing code.
 */

export const Scripts: ModdedBattleScriptsData = {
	inherit: 'gen2',
	gen: 1,
	init() {
		for (const i in this.data.Pokedex) {
			(this.data.Pokedex[i] as any).gender = 'N';
			(this.data.Pokedex[i] as any).eggGroups = null;
		}
	},
	// BattlePokemon scripts.
	pokemon: {
		getStat(statName, unmodified) {
			// @ts-ignore - type checking prevents 'hp' from being passed, but we're paranoid
			if (statName === 'hp') throw new Error("Please read `maxhp` directly");
			if (unmodified) return this.storedStats[statName];
			return this.modifiedStats![statName];
		},
		// Gen 1 function to apply a stat modification that is only active until the stat is recalculated or mon switched.
		modifyStat(statName, modifier) {
			if (!(statName in this.storedStats)) throw new Error("Invalid `statName` passed to `modifyStat`");
			const modifiedStats = this.battle.clampIntRange(Math.floor(this.modifiedStats![statName] * modifier), 1, 999);
			this.modifiedStats![statName] = modifiedStats;
		},
		// In generation 1, boosting function increases the stored modified stat and checks for opponent's status.
		boostBy(boost) {
			let changed = false;
			let i: BoostID;
			for (i in boost) {
				const delta = boost[i];
				if (delta === undefined) continue;
				if (delta > 0 && this.boosts[i] >= 6) continue;
				if (delta < 0 && this.boosts[i] <= -6) continue;
				this.boosts[i] += delta;
				if (this.boosts[i] > 6) {
					this.boosts[i] = 6;
				}
				if (this.boosts[i] < -6) {
					this.boosts[i] = -6;
				}
				changed = true;
				// Recalculate the modified stat
				if (i === 'evasion' || i === 'accuracy') continue;
				let stat = this.species.baseStats[i];
				stat = Math.floor(Math.floor(2 * stat + this.set.ivs[i] + Math.floor(this.set.evs[i] / 4)) * this.level / 100 + 5);
				this.modifiedStats![i] = this.storedStats[i] = Math.floor(stat);
				if (this.boosts[i] >= 0) {
					this.modifyStat!(i, [1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4][this.boosts[i]]);
				} else {
					this.modifyStat!(i, [100, 66, 50, 40, 33, 28, 25][-this.boosts[i]] / 100);
				}
			}
			return changed;
		},
	},
	actions: {
		// This function is the main one when running a move.
		// It deals with the beforeMove and AfterMoveSelf events.
		// This leads with partial trapping moves shennanigans after the move has been used.
		// It also deals with how PP reduction works on gen 1.
		runMove(moveOrMoveName, pokemon, targetLoc, sourceEffect) {
			const target = this.battle.getTarget(pokemon, moveOrMoveName, targetLoc);
			const move = this.battle.dex.getActiveMove(moveOrMoveName);
			if (target?.subFainted) target.subFainted = null;

			this.battle.setActiveMove(move, pokemon, target);

			if (pokemon.moveThisTurn || !this.battle.runEvent('BeforeMove', pokemon, target, move)) {
				// Prevent invulnerability from persisting until the turn ends.
				pokemon.removeVolatile('twoturnmove');
				// Rampage moves end without causing confusion
				delete pokemon.volatiles['lockedmove'];
				this.battle.clearActiveMove(true);
				// This is only run for sleep.
				this.battle.runEvent('AfterMoveSelf', pokemon, target, move);
				return;
			}
			if (move.beforeMoveCallback) {
				if (move.beforeMoveCallback.call(this.battle, pokemon, target, move)) {
					this.battle.clearActiveMove(true);
					return;
				}
			}
			pokemon.lastDamage = 0;
			let lockedMove = this.battle.runEvent('LockMove', pokemon);
			if (lockedMove === true) lockedMove = false;
			if (
				!lockedMove &&
				(!pokemon.volatiles['partialtrappinglock'] || pokemon.volatiles['partialtrappinglock'].locked !== target)
			) {
				pokemon.deductPP(move, null, target);
				// On gen 1 moves are stored when they are chosen and a PP is deducted.
				pokemon.side.lastMove = move;
				pokemon.lastMove = move;
			} else {
				sourceEffect = move;
			}
			if (pokemon.volatiles['partialtrappinglock'] && target !== pokemon.volatiles['partialtrappinglock'].locked) {
				const moveSlot = pokemon.moveSlots.find(ms => ms.id === move.id);
				if (moveSlot && moveSlot.pp < 0) {
					moveSlot.pp = 63;
					this.battle.hint("In Gen 1, if a player is forced to use a move with 0 PP, the move will underflow to have 63 PP.");
				}
			}
			this.useMove(move, pokemon, target, sourceEffect);
			this.battle.singleEvent('AfterMove', move, null, pokemon, target, move);

			// If target fainted
			if (target && target.hp <= 0) {
				// We remove recharge
				if (pokemon.volatiles['mustrecharge']) pokemon.removeVolatile('mustrecharge');
				delete pokemon.volatiles['partialtrappinglock'];
				// We remove screens
				target.side.removeSideCondition('reflect');
				target.side.removeSideCondition('lightscreen');
				pokemon.removeVolatile('twoturnmove');
			} else if (pokemon.hp) {
				this.battle.runEvent('AfterMoveSelf', pokemon, target, move);
			}
			if (pokemon.volatiles['mustrecharge']) this.battle.add('-mustrecharge', pokemon);

			// For partial trapping moves, we are saving the target
			if (move.volatileStatus === 'partiallytrapped' && target && target.hp > 0) {
				// Let's check if the lock exists
				if (pokemon.volatiles['partialtrappinglock'] && target.volatiles['partiallytrapped']) {
					// Here the partialtrappinglock volatile has been already applied
					const sourceVolatile = pokemon.volatiles['partialtrappinglock'];
					const targetVolatile = target.volatiles['partiallytrapped'];
					if (!sourceVolatile.locked) {
						// If it's the first hit, we save the target
						sourceVolatile.locked = target;
					} else if (target !== pokemon && target !== sourceVolatile.locked) {
						// Our target switched out! Re-roll the duration, damage, and accuracy.
						const duration = this.battle.sample([2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5]);
						sourceVolatile.duration = duration;
						sourceVolatile.locked = target;
						// Duration reset thus partially trapped at 2 always.
						targetVolatile.duration = 2;
					}
				} // If we move to here, the move failed and there's no partial trapping lock.
			}
		},
		// This is the function that actually uses the move, running ModifyMove events.
		// It uses the move and then deals with the effects after the move.
		useMove(moveOrMoveName, pokemon, target, sourceEffect) {
			if (!sourceEffect && this.battle.effect.id) sourceEffect = this.battle.effect;
			const baseMove = this.battle.dex.moves.get(moveOrMoveName);
			let move = this.battle.dex.getActiveMove(baseMove);
			if (target === undefined) target = this.battle.getRandomTarget(pokemon, move);
			if (move.target === 'self') {
				target = pokemon;
			}
			if (sourceEffect) move.sourceEffect = sourceEffect.id;

			this.battle.setActiveMove(move, pokemon, target);

			this.battle.singleEvent('ModifyMove', move, null, pokemon, target, move, move);
			if (baseMove.target !== move.target) {
				// Target changed in ModifyMove, so we must adjust it here
				target = this.battle.getRandomTarget(pokemon, move);
			}
			move = this.battle.runEvent('ModifyMove', pokemon, target, move, move);
			if (baseMove.target !== move.target) {
				// Check again, this shouldn't ever happen on Gen 1.
				target = this.battle.getRandomTarget(pokemon, move);
				this.battle.debug('not a gen 1 mechanic');
			}
			if (!move) return false;

			let attrs = '';
			if (pokemon.fainted) {
				// Removing screens upon faint.
				pokemon.side.removeSideCondition('reflect');
				pokemon.side.removeSideCondition('lightscreen');
				return false;
			}

			if (sourceEffect) attrs += '|[from]' + this.battle.dex.conditions.get(sourceEffect);
			this.battle.addMove('move', pokemon, move.name, target + attrs);

			if (!this.battle.singleEvent('Try', move, null, pokemon, target, move)) {
				return true;
			}
			if (!this.battle.singleEvent('TryMove', move, null, pokemon, target, move) ||
				!this.battle.runEvent('TryMove', pokemon, target, move)) {
				return true;
			}

			if (move.ignoreImmunity === undefined) {
				move.ignoreImmunity = (move.category === 'Status');
			}

			let damage: number | undefined | false | '' = false;
			if (!target || target.fainted) {
				this.battle.attrLastMove('[notarget]');
				this.battle.add('-notarget');
				return true;
			}
			damage = this.tryMoveHit(target, pokemon, move);

			// Store 0 damage for last damage if move failed or dealt 0 damage.
			// This only happens on moves that don't deal damage but call GetDamageVarsForPlayerAttack (disassembly).
			const neverDamageMoves = [
				'conversion', 'haze', 'mist', 'focusenergy', 'confuseray', 'supersonic', 'transform', 'lightscreen', 'reflect', 'substitute', 'mimic', 'leechseed', 'splash', 'softboiled', 'recover', 'rest',
			];
			if (
				!damage &&
				(move.category !== 'Status' || (move.status && !['psn', 'tox', 'par'].includes(move.status))) &&
				!neverDamageMoves.includes(move.id)
			) {
				this.battle.lastDamage = 0;
			}

			// Go ahead with results of the used move.
			if (damage === false) {
				this.battle.singleEvent('MoveFail', move, null, target, pokemon, move);
				return true;
			}

			if (!move.negateSecondary) {
				this.battle.singleEvent('AfterMoveSecondarySelf', move, null, pokemon, target, move);
				this.battle.runEvent('AfterMoveSecondarySelf', pokemon, target, move);
			}
			return true;
		},
		// This function attempts a move hit and returns the attempt result before the actual hit happens.
		// It deals with partial trapping weirdness and accuracy bugs as well.
		tryMoveHit(target, pokemon, move) {
			let damage: number | false | undefined = 0;

			// First, check if the target is semi-invulnerable
			let hitResult = this.battle.runEvent('Invulnerability', target, pokemon, move);
			if (hitResult === false) {
				if (!move.spreadHit) this.battle.attrLastMove('[miss]');
				this.battle.add('-miss', pokemon);
				return false;
			}

			// Then, check if the Pokémon is immune to this move.
			if (
				(!move.ignoreImmunity || (move.ignoreImmunity !== true && !move.ignoreImmunity[move.type])) &&
				!target.runImmunity(move.type, true)
			) {
				if (move.selfdestruct) {
					this.battle.faint(pokemon, pokemon, move);
				}
				return false;
			}
			hitResult = this.battle.singleEvent('TryImmunity', move, null, target, pokemon, move);
			if (hitResult === false) {
				this.battle.add('-immune', target);
				return false;
			}

			// Now, let's calculate the accuracy.
			let accuracy = move.accuracy;

			// Partial trapping moves: true accuracy while it lasts
			if (move.volatileStatus === 'partiallytrapped' && target === pokemon.volatiles['partialtrappinglock']?.locked) {
				accuracy = true;
			}

			// If a sleep inducing move is used while the user is recharging, the accuracy is true.
			if (move.status === 'slp' && target && target.volatiles['mustrecharge']) {
				accuracy = true;
			}

			// OHKO moves only have a chance to hit if the user is at least as fast as the target
			if (move.ohko) {
				if (target.speed > pokemon.speed) {
					this.battle.add('-immune', target, '[ohko]');
					return false;
				}
			}

			// Calculate true accuracy for gen 1, which uses 0-255.
			// Gen 1 uses the same boost table for accuracy and evasiveness as every other stat
			const boostTable = [25, 28, 33, 40, 50, 66, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400];
			if (accuracy !== true) {
				accuracy = Math.floor(accuracy * 255 / 100);
				// Check also for accuracy modifiers.
				if (!move.ignoreAccuracy) {
					accuracy = Math.floor(accuracy * (boostTable[pokemon.boosts.accuracy + 6] / 100));
				}
				if (!move.ignoreEvasion) {
					accuracy = Math.floor(accuracy * (boostTable[-target.boosts.evasion + 6] / 100));
				}
				accuracy = Math.min(accuracy, 255);
			}
			accuracy = this.battle.runEvent('Accuracy', target, pokemon, move, accuracy);
			// Moves that target the user do not suffer from the 1/256 miss chance.
			if (move.target === 'self' && accuracy !== true) accuracy++;

			// 1/256 chance of missing always, no matter what. Besides the aforementioned exceptions.
			if (accuracy !== true && !this.battle.randomChance(accuracy, 256)) {
				this.battle.attrLastMove('[miss]');
				this.battle.add('-miss', pokemon);
				if (accuracy === 255) this.battle.hint("In Gen 1, moves with 100% accuracy can still miss 1/256 of the time.");
				damage = false;
			}

			// If damage is 0 and not false it means it didn't miss, let's calc.
			if (damage !== false) {
				pokemon.lastDamage = 0;
				if (move.multihit) {
					let hits = move.multihit;
					if (Array.isArray(hits)) {
						// Yes, it's hardcoded... meh
						if (hits[0] === 2 && hits[1] === 5) {
							hits = this.battle.sample([2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5]);
						} else {
							hits = this.battle.random(hits[0], hits[1] + 1);
						}
					}
					hits = Math.floor(hits);
					// In gen 1, all the hits have the same damage for multihits move
					let moveDamage: number | undefined | false = 0;
					let i: number;
					for (i = 0; i < hits && target.hp && pokemon.hp; i++) {
						move.hit = i + 1;
						moveDamage = this.moveHit(target, pokemon, move);
						if (moveDamage === false) break;
						damage = (moveDamage || 0);
						// Move damage is fixed to be the first move's damage
						if (i === 0) move.damage = damage;
						if (target.subFainted) {
							i++;
							break;
						}
					}
					move.damage = null;
					if (i === 0) return 1;
					this.battle.add('-hitcount', target, i);
				} else {
					damage = this.moveHit(target, pokemon, move);
				}
			}

			if (move.category !== 'Status') {
				target.gotAttacked(move, damage, pokemon);
			}

			if (move.selfdestruct) {
				if (!target.subFainted) {
					this.battle.faint(pokemon, pokemon, move);
				} else {
					this.battle.hint(`In Gen 1, the user of ${move.name} will not take damage if it breaks a Substitute.`);
				}
			}

			// The move missed.
			if (!damage && damage !== 0) {
				// Delete the partial trap lock if necessary.
				delete pokemon.volatiles['partialtrappinglock'];
				return false;
			}

			if (move.ohko) this.battle.add('-ohko');

			if (!move.negateSecondary) {
				this.battle.singleEvent('AfterMoveSecondary', move, null, target, pokemon, move);
				this.battle.runEvent('AfterMoveSecondary', target, pokemon, move);
			}

			return damage;
		},
		// It deals with the actual move hit, as the name indicates, dealing damage and/or effects.
		// This function also deals with the Gen 1 Substitute behaviour on the hitting process.
		moveHit(target, pokemon, move, moveData, isSecondary, isSelf) {
			let damage: number | false | null | undefined = 0;

			if (!isSecondary && !isSelf) this.battle.setActiveMove(move, pokemon, target);
			let hitResult: number | boolean = true;
			if (!moveData) moveData = move;

			if (move.ignoreImmunity === undefined) {
				move.ignoreImmunity = (move.category === 'Status');
			}

			// We get the sub to the target to see if it existed
			const targetSub = (target) ? target.volatiles['substitute'] : false;
			const targetHadSub = (targetSub !== null && targetSub !== false && (typeof targetSub !== 'undefined'));

			if (target) {
				hitResult = this.battle.singleEvent('TryHit', moveData, {}, target, pokemon, move);

				// Handle here the applying of partial trapping moves to Pokémon with Substitute
				if (targetSub && moveData.volatileStatus && moveData.volatileStatus === 'partiallytrapped') {
					target.addVolatile(moveData.volatileStatus, pokemon, move);
				}

				if (!hitResult) {
					if (hitResult === false) this.battle.add('-fail', target);
					return false;
				}

				// Only run the hit events for the hit itself, not the secondary or self hits
				if (!isSelf && !isSecondary) {
					hitResult = this.battle.runEvent('TryHit', target, pokemon, move);
					if (!hitResult) {
						if (hitResult === false) this.battle.add('-fail', target);
						// Special Substitute hit flag
						if (hitResult !== 0) {
							return false;
						}
					}
					if (!this.battle.runEvent('TryFieldHit', target, pokemon, move)) {
						return false;
					}
				} else if (isSecondary && !moveData.self) {
					hitResult = this.battle.runEvent('TrySecondaryHit', target, pokemon, moveData);
				}

				if (hitResult === 0) {
					target = null;
				} else if (!hitResult) {
					if (hitResult === false) this.battle.add('-fail', target);
					return false;
				}
			}

			if (target) {
				let didSomething = false;

				damage = this.getDamage(pokemon, target, moveData);

				// getDamage has several possible return values:
				//
				//   a number:
				//     means that much damage is dealt (0 damage still counts as dealing
				//     damage for the purposes of things like Static)
				//   false:
				//     gives error message: "But it failed!" and move ends
				//   null:
				//     the move ends, with no message (usually, a custom fail message
				//     was already output by an event handler)
				//   undefined:
				//     means no damage is dealt and the move continues
				//
				// basically, these values have the same meanings as they do for event
				// handlers.

				if ((damage || damage === 0) && !target.fainted) {
					damage = this.battle.damage(damage, target, pokemon, move);
					if (!(damage || damage === 0)) return false;
					didSomething = true;
				} else if (damage === false && typeof hitResult === 'undefined') {
					this.battle.add('-fail', target);
				}
				if (damage === false || damage === null) {
					return false;
				}
				if (moveData.boosts && target.hp) {
					if (!this.battle.boost(moveData.boosts, target, pokemon, move)) {
						this.battle.add('-fail', target);
						return false;
					}
					didSomething = true;
					// Check the status of the Pokémon whose turn is not.
					// When a move that affects stat levels is used, if the Pokémon whose turn it is not right now is paralyzed or
					// burned, the correspoding stat penalties will be applied again to that Pokémon.
					if (pokemon.side.foe.active[0].status) {
						// If it's paralysed, quarter its speed.
						if (pokemon.side.foe.active[0].status === 'par') {
							pokemon.side.foe.active[0].modifyStat!('spe', 0.25);
						}
						// If it's burned, halve its attack.
						if (pokemon.side.foe.active[0].status === 'brn') {
							pokemon.side.foe.active[0].modifyStat!('atk', 0.5);
						}
					}
				}
				if (moveData.heal && !target.fainted) {
					const d = target.heal(Math.floor(target.maxhp * moveData.heal[0] / moveData.heal[1]));
					if (!d) {
						this.battle.add('-fail', target);
						return false;
					}
					this.battle.add('-heal', target, target.getHealth);
					didSomething = true;
				}
				if (moveData.status) {
					// Gen 1 bug: If the target has just used hyperbeam and must recharge, its status will be ignored and put to sleep.
					// This does NOT revert the paralyse speed drop or the burn attack drop.
					// Also, being put to sleep clears the recharge condition.
					if (moveData.status === 'slp' && target.volatiles['mustrecharge']) {
						// The sleep move is guaranteed to hit in this situation, unless Sleep Clause activates.
						// Do not clear recharge in that case.
						if (target.setStatus(moveData.status, pokemon, move)) {
							target.removeVolatile('mustrecharge');
							this.battle.hint(
								"In Gen 1, if a Pokémon that has just used Hyper Beam and has yet to recharge is targeted with a sleep inducing move, " +
								"any other status it may already have will be ignored and sleep will be induced regardless."
							);
						}
					} else if (!target.status) {
						if (target.setStatus(moveData.status, pokemon, move)) {
							// Gen 1 mechanics: The burn attack drop and the paralyse speed drop are applied here directly on stat modifiers.
							if (moveData.status === 'brn') target.modifyStat!('atk', 0.5);
							if (moveData.status === 'par') target.modifyStat!('spe', 0.25);
						}
					} else if (!isSecondary) {
						if (target.status === moveData.status) {
							this.battle.add('-fail', target, target.status);
						} else {
							this.battle.add('-fail', target);
						}
					}
					didSomething = true;
				}
				if (moveData.forceStatus) {
					if (target.setStatus(moveData.forceStatus, pokemon, move)) {
						if (moveData.forceStatus === 'brn') target.modifyStat!('atk', 0.5);
						if (moveData.forceStatus === 'par') target.modifyStat!('spe', 0.25);
						didSomething = true;
					}
				}
				if (moveData.volatileStatus) {
					if (target.addVolatile(moveData.volatileStatus, pokemon, move)) {
						didSomething = true;
					}
				}
				if (moveData.sideCondition) {
					if (target.side.addSideCondition(moveData.sideCondition, pokemon, move)) {
						didSomething = true;
					}
				}
				if (moveData.pseudoWeather) {
					if (this.battle.field.addPseudoWeather(moveData.pseudoWeather, pokemon, move)) {
						didSomething = true;
					}
				}
				// Hit events
				hitResult = this.battle.singleEvent('Hit', moveData, {}, target, pokemon, move);
				if (!isSelf && !isSecondary) {
					this.battle.runEvent('Hit', target, pokemon, move);
				}
				if (!hitResult && !didSomething) {
					if (hitResult === false) this.battle.add('-fail', target);
					return false;
				}
			}
			const targetHasSub = !!(target?.volatiles['substitute']);

			// Here's where self effects are applied.
			const doSelf = (targetHadSub && targetHasSub) || !targetHadSub;
			if (moveData.self && (doSelf || (moveData.self !== true && moveData.self.volatileStatus === 'partialtrappinglock'))) {
				this.moveHit(pokemon, pokemon, move, moveData.self, isSecondary, true);
			}

			// Now we can save the partial trapping damage.
			if (pokemon.volatiles['partialtrappinglock']) {
				pokemon.volatiles['partialtrappinglock'].damage = pokemon.lastDamage;
			}

			// Apply move secondaries.
			if (moveData.secondaries) {
				for (const secondary of moveData.secondaries) {
					// We check here whether to negate the probable secondary status if it's para, burn, or freeze.
					// In the game, this is checked and if true, the random number generator is not called.
					// That means that a move that does not share the type of the target can status it.
					// If a move that was not fire-type would exist on Gen 1, it could burn a Pokémon.
					if (!(secondary.status && ['par', 'brn', 'frz'].includes(secondary.status) && target && target.hasType(move.type))) {
						if (secondary.chance === undefined || this.battle.randomChance(Math.ceil(secondary.chance * 256 / 100), 256)) {
							this.moveHit(target, pokemon, move, secondary, true, isSelf);
						}
					}
				}
			}
			if (move.selfSwitch && pokemon.hp) {
				pokemon.switchFlag = move.selfSwitch;
			}

			return damage;
		},
		// This calculates the damage pokemon does to target with move.
		getDamage(pokemon, target, move, suppressMessages) {
			// First of all, we get the move.
			if (typeof move === 'string') {
				move = this.battle.dex.getActiveMove(move);
			} else if (typeof move === 'number') {
				move = {
					basePower: move,
					type: '???',
					category: 'Physical',
					willCrit: false,
					flags: {},
				} as ActiveMove;
			}

			// Let's see if the target is immune to the move.
			if (!move.ignoreImmunity || (move.ignoreImmunity !== true && !move.ignoreImmunity[move.type])) {
				if (!target.runImmunity(move.type, true)) {
					return false;
				}
			}

			// Is it an OHKO move?
			if (move.ohko) {
				return target.maxhp;
			}

			// We edit the damage through move's damage callback if necessary.
			if (move.damageCallback) {
				return move.damageCallback.call(this.battle, pokemon, target);
			}

			// We take damage from damage=level moves (seismic toss).
			if (move.damage === 'level') {
				return pokemon.level;
			}

			// If there's a fix move damage, we return that.
			if (move.damage) {
				return move.damage;
			}

			// If it's the first hit on a Normal-type partially trap move, it hits Ghosts anyways but damage is 0.
			if (move.volatileStatus === 'partiallytrapped' && move.type === 'Normal' && target.hasType('Ghost')) {
				return 0;
			}

			// Let's check if we are in middle of a partial trap sequence to return the previous damage.
			if (pokemon.volatiles['partialtrappinglock'] && (target === pokemon.volatiles['partialtrappinglock'].locked)) {
				return pokemon.volatiles['partialtrappinglock'].damage;
			}

			// We check the category and typing to calculate later on the damage.
			if (!move.category) move.category = 'Physical';
			if (!move.defensiveCategory) move.defensiveCategory = move.category;
			// '???' is typeless damage: used for Struggle and Confusion etc
			if (!move.type) move.type = '???';
			const type = move.type;

			// We get the base power and apply basePowerCallback if necessary.
			let basePower: number | false | null = move.basePower;
			if (move.basePowerCallback) {
				basePower = move.basePowerCallback.call(this.battle, pokemon, target, move);
			}
			if (!basePower) {
				return basePower === 0 ? undefined : basePower;
			}
			basePower = this.battle.clampIntRange(basePower, 1);

			// Checking for the move's Critical Hit possibility. We check if it's a 100% crit move, otherwise we calculate the chance.
			let isCrit = move.willCrit || false;
			if (!isCrit) {
				// In gen 1, the critical chance is based on speed.
				// First, we get the base speed, divide it by 2 and floor it. This is our current crit chance.
				let critChance = Math.floor(pokemon.species.baseStats['spe'] / 2);

				// Now we check for focus energy volatile.
				if (pokemon.volatiles['focusenergy']) {
					// If it exists, crit chance is divided by 2 again and floored.
					critChance = Math.floor(critChance / 2);
				} else {
					// Normally, without focus energy, crit chance is multiplied by 2 and capped at 255 here.
					critChance = this.battle.clampIntRange(critChance * 2, 1, 255);
				}

				// Now we check for the move's critical hit ratio.
				if (move.critRatio === 1) {
					// Normal hit ratio, we divide the crit chance by 2 and floor the result again.
					critChance = Math.floor(critChance / 2);
				} else if (move.critRatio === 2) {
					// High crit ratio, we multiply the result so far by 4 and cap it at 255.
					critChance = this.battle.clampIntRange(critChance * 4, 1, 255);
				}

				// Last, we check deppending on ratio if the move critical hits or not.
				// We compare our critical hit chance against a random number between 0 and 255.
				// If the random number is lower, we get a critical hit. This means there is always a 1/255 chance of not hitting critically.
				if (critChance > 0) {
					isCrit = this.battle.randomChance(critChance, 256);
				}
			}
			if (isCrit) target.getMoveHitData(move).crit = true;

			// Happens after crit calculation.
			if (basePower) {
				basePower = this.battle.runEvent('BasePower', pokemon, target, move, basePower);
				if (basePower && move.basePowerModifier) {
					basePower *= move.basePowerModifier;
				}
			}
			if (!basePower) return 0;
			basePower = this.battle.clampIntRange(basePower, 1);

			// We now check attacker's and defender's stats.
			let level = pokemon.level;
			let attacker = pokemon;
			const defender = target;
			if (move.useTargetOffensive) attacker = target;
			const atkType: StatIDExceptHP = (move.category === 'Physical') ? 'atk' : 'spa';
			const defType: StatIDExceptHP = (move.defensiveCategory === 'Physical') ? 'def' : 'spd';
			let attack = attacker.getStat(move.useSourceDefensiveAsOffensive ? defType : atkType);
			let defense = defender.getStat(defType);
			// In gen 1, screen effect is applied here.
			if ((defType === 'def' && defender.volatiles['reflect']) || (defType === 'spd' && defender.volatiles['lightscreen'])) {
				this.battle.debug('Screen doubling (Sp)Def');
				defense *= 2;
				defense = this.battle.clampIntRange(defense, 1, 1998);
			}

			// In the event of a critical hit, the offense and defense changes are ignored.
			// This includes both boosts and screens.
			// Also, level is doubled in damage calculation.
			if (isCrit) {
				move.ignoreOffensive = true;
				move.ignoreDefensive = true;
				level *= 2;
				if (!suppressMessages) this.battle.add('-crit', target);
			}
			if (move.ignoreOffensive) {
				this.battle.debug('Negating (sp)atk boost/penalty.');
				attack = attacker.getStat(atkType, true);
			}
			if (move.ignoreDefensive) {
				this.battle.debug('Negating (sp)def boost/penalty.');
				// No screens
				defense = target.getStat(defType, true);
			}

			// When either attack or defense are higher than 256, both are divided by 4.
			// If that's still over 256, it rolls over (%256), which is what causes rollover bugs.
			if (attack >= 256 || defense >= 256) {
				attack = this.battle.clampIntRange(Math.floor(attack / 4) % 256, 1);
				// Defense isn't checked on the cartridge, but we don't want those / 0 bugs on the sim.
				defense = this.battle.clampIntRange(Math.floor(defense / 4) % 256, 1);
			}

			// Self destruct moves halve defense at this point.
			if (move.selfdestruct && defType === 'def') {
				defense = this.battle.clampIntRange(Math.floor(defense / 2), 1);
			}

			// Let's go with the calculation now that we have what we need.
			// We do it step by step just like the game does.
			let damage = level * 2;
			damage = Math.floor(damage / 5);
			damage += 2;
			damage *= basePower;
			damage *= attack;
			damage = Math.floor(damage / defense);
			damage = this.battle.clampIntRange(Math.floor(damage / 50), 1, 997);
			damage += 2;

			// STAB damage bonus, the "???" type never gets STAB
			if (type !== '???' && pokemon.hasType(type)) {
				damage += Math.floor(damage / 2);
			}

			// Type effectiveness.
			// The order here is not correct, must change to check the move versus each type.
			const totalTypeMod = target.runEffectiveness(move);
			// Super effective attack
			if (totalTypeMod > 0) {
				if (!suppressMessages) this.battle.add('-supereffective', target);
				damage *= 20;
				damage = Math.floor(damage / 10);
				if (totalTypeMod >= 2) {
					damage *= 20;
					damage = Math.floor(damage / 10);
				}
			}
			if (totalTypeMod < 0) {
				if (!suppressMessages) this.battle.add('-resisted', target);
				damage *= 5;
				damage = Math.floor(damage / 10);
				if (totalTypeMod <= -2) {
					damage *= 5;
					damage = Math.floor(damage / 10);
				}
			}

			// If damage becomes 0, the move is made to miss.
			// This occurs when damage was either 2 or 3 prior to applying STAB/Type matchup, and target is 4x resistant to the move.
			if (damage === 0) return damage;

			// Apply random factor is damage is greater than 1
			if (damage > 1) {
				damage *= this.battle.random(217, 256);
				damage = Math.floor(damage / 255);
				if (damage > target.hp && !target.volatiles['substitute']) damage = target.hp;
			}

			// And we are done.
			return Math.floor(damage);
		},
	},
	// deals with Pokémon stat boosting, including Gen 1 buggy behaviour with burn and paralyse.
	boost(boost, target, source = null, effect = null) {
		if (this.event) {
			if (!target) target = this.event.target;
			if (!source) source = this.event.source;
			if (!effect) effect = this.effect;
		}
		if (typeof effect === 'string') effect = this.dex.conditions.get(effect);
		if (!target?.hp) return 0;
		let success = null;
		boost = this.runEvent('Boost', target, source, effect, {...boost});
		let i: BoostID;
		for (i in boost) {
			const currentBoost: SparseBoostsTable = {};
			currentBoost[i] = boost[i];
			if (boost[i] !== 0 && target.boostBy(currentBoost)) {
				success = true;
				let msg = '-boost';
				if (boost[i]! < 0) {
					msg = '-unboost';
					boost[i] = -boost[i]!;
					// Re-add attack and speed drops if not present
					if (i === 'atk' && target.status === 'brn' && !target.volatiles['brnattackdrop']) {
						target.addVolatile('brnattackdrop');
					}
					if (i === 'spe' && target.status === 'par' && !target.volatiles['parspeeddrop']) {
						target.addVolatile('parspeeddrop');
					}
				} else {
					// Check for boost increases deleting attack or speed drops
					if (i === 'atk' && target.status === 'brn' && target.volatiles['brnattackdrop']) {
						target.removeVolatile('brnattackdrop');
					}
					if (i === 'spe' && target.status === 'par' && target.volatiles['parspeeddrop']) {
						target.removeVolatile('parspeeddrop');
					}
				}
				if (!effect || effect.effectType === 'Move') {
					this.add(msg, target, i, boost[i]);
				} else {
					this.add(msg, target, i, boost[i], '[from] ' + effect.fullname);
				}
				this.runEvent('AfterEachBoost', target, source, effect, currentBoost);
			}
		}
		this.runEvent('AfterBoost', target, source, effect, boost);
		return success;
	},
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Why Israel has an interest in a militant Iran
Our Arab identity is being smothered by our religion
Hamilton finally closes after elitist and political theatrical performance run
Religion is smothering the Arab identity
Movie remakes are always so disappointing
Tomasulo's comedy show at Beverly Arts Center was hilarious
94 West one of the best restaurants in the Southwest Suburbs
Missing that simpler life
Trump impeachment is pure politics, a political circus
Podcast: Arab Radio on Netanyahu, elections, Tlaib and Gaza
Original Thought & Informed Commentary
Aaron Hanania Bio
Reader Magazine Profile
Not telling Arab story
Urban Strategies Group
Ray Hanania in pictures
Express Ur Views
Facebook Personal Page
Suburban Chicagoland
Arab News Columns
Middle East Monitor Columns
The Arab Daily News columns
The Regional News
Eurasia Review
Creators Syndicate
Southwest News-Herald
Des Plaines Valley News
The Reporter Newspapers
YnetNews.com Column
Al Jazeera Columns
Jerusalem Post Columns
Al Arabiya Columns
Arabic Translations
Aaron Hanania's SciFi Novel
Power PR: PR for Ethnic Activists
Arabs of Chicagoland, Book
I'm Glad I Look Like a Terrorist
Midnight Flight Book
Who are the Arabs of Chicagoland?
Video: Arabs of Chicagoland
Arabs in Illinois: Illinois Heritage Magazine
Arabs of Chicagoland
Video of Arabs in Chicagoland
Origins of Palestinian Press
Ray Hanania on Politics Podcast
The Arab street Podcast
Podcast Intro
Click to listen Live (8 am EST)
The Arab Street archive
Ray Hanania Comedy Videos
Tribune Story
2002 UPI Jackie Mason/Hanania
2008 Comedy Act
2015 Interfaith Comedy Show
2009 Austin Chronicle Article
Columnist or Comedian
Arab Events
Enter your email address and
receive ALL of Ray Hanania's columns
Arab Americans need to do a better job of promoting their events, issues and speeches. Here's how. Click here to get the book "PoweR PR: Ethnic Activists Guide to Strategic Communications."
Click to read Ray's Syndicated Columns on Middle East & Mainstream Issues
Ray's Columns @ The Arab News
Ray's Columns @ The Arab Daily News
Ray's Columns @ Suburban Chicagoland
I have 2 Podcasts, one on Middle East & Mainstream issues, the other on Chicagoland Regional Politics Click here to view Ray's Podcast Archives
Click here to view Ray Hanania on Politics Podcast
Click here to view Ray's Podcasts on iTunes
Order the book Yalla! Fight Back
Follow Ray on Twitter
Tweets by @rayhanania
Click HERE for Ray's Fan Page
Click to View Ray's Yelp Reviews
War between extremists and moderates spills over onto ADC
Subscribe to Ray Hanania's Columns today
==== FREE Get Email Notices when new columns are posted ====
Saudi Gazette Newspaper Sunday, June 09, 2013
By Ray Hanania
Rashida Tlaib, a Palestinian American elected to the Michigan Legislature, sent an explosive letter on May 31 to the American Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (ADC), the nation's premier Arab civil rights group, that accused its Michigan Director, Imad Hamad, of sexually harassing her 15 years ago. Tlaib said she did not complain then because of embarrassment, but decided to go public now after seeing a picture of Hamad on his Facebook page with new female interns. Tlaib worked at ADC at the time.
The accusation is sensational and shocking, especially in a culture that is sluggish in acknowledging that discrimination exists against women in the Arab and Muslim worlds.
Tlaib charged that Hamad had been disciplined by ADC for similar alleged conduct in 2007, and also revealed that another woman had been victimized in 2011. In fact in 2007, ADC national did an exhaustive review of the allegations and found that there was not enough evidence to substantiate any charges.
SUBSCRIBE TO RAY HANANIA'S COLUMN
receive ALL of Ray Hanania's columns
Hamad has strongly and unequivocally denied the accusations. But the accusers and some community leaders did not wait to hear his response. And they also chose not to take it to court for legal action, which raises some concerns about the substance of the charges.
The accusers brought in the controversial head of a New York-based Islamic organization that has been on the cutting edge of extremist political rhetoric attacking moderates in the Arab community, and they demanded that Hamad be fired from the ADC. They did not want to wait for anyone to examine the evidence.
Why did Tlaib allow herself to be used in a political fashion at a press conference organized by Hamad's rivals? So many activists have been trying to undermine ADC and shift the resources to their own religious groups.
There is a right way and a wrong way to address these issues. What is happening to Hamad is the public rape of his integrity by extremists and cowardly activists driven by selfish agendas. Inappropriate behavior is not the same as physical violence or sexual contact.
Supporters of Hamad believe the fanatics are engaged in an all-out war against Arab moderates because they insist on secular and non-religious activism and resist placing a religious stamp on "saving Palestine." They also have targeted American Arabs who support compromise with Israel. They hate moderates who urge crackdowns on Arab and religious extremists who enable the violence in the Middle East and in America.
There is a battle taking place today in America between moderate and extremist Arabs, dividing secular non-religious activists from the growing religious activists who have hijacked secular causes like Palestine and made them Islamic issues. ADC is a secular, non-religious organization. To the religious extremists in the Arab community, that is a crime in and of itself. They have been battling ADC for years. They did it in 2010 in Chicago.
Although inappropriate behavior is serious, this controversy smacks of something more. It is about power. The extremists know that by destroying the moderate leadership they can become stronger. The extremists will lie and defame anyone who does not support their radicalized political agenda, which is broad. They hate Jews, they hate Christians, and they hate secular Muslims.
Most of all, they hate Arabs who support compromise with Israel. The extremists know that if the conflict with Israel is resolved, and Palestine becomes a state, the extremists will lose their power base and their reason for existence. The fanatics rely on lies to destroy their enemies because they have no concept of truth. Their extremism prevents them from using the system of justice to achieve the proper results.
Maybe Hamad is guilty, but maybe he is not. Hamad must be allowed to face his accusers and respond in a court of law, not at the hands of a mob of people who want to be judge, jury and executioner. That's not justice. Hamad should not be persecuted, humiliated and punished on the basis of accusations that have a political tinge.
If we permit Hamad to be punished without giving him a chance to defend himself, then in reality we undermine many of our own causes, such as the cause of Palestine. How can we point fingers at others, like the government of Israel which often punishes Palestinians outside of the judicial system? If, as the activists claim, this issue is important, let's open the books and include the political lynchings the extremists commit every day, destroying people's character with lies and politically motivated falsehoods.
Let's also examine the sexual harassment of women in the Arab world, and civil rights violations in the Muslim and Arab worlds. But that's not what the fanatics want. This isn't about justice. It's about power and the extremists are willing to burn down the house to get it.
— Ray Hanania is an award winning columnist. He can be reached at www.TheMediaOasis.com or follow him on Twitter @RayHanania
Land is the issue in Israel-Palestine conflict (rayhanania.com)
Rep Tlaib says she was sexually harassed (wxyz.com)
Extremist groups ground Detroit's Arab Festival (rayhanania.com)
Sexual Harassment Allegations Levied Against Director Of American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee (detroit.cbslocal.com)
Hamad responds to harassment allegations (wxyz.com)
ADC responds to sexual harassment complaint
Article by the Arab newspaper where one of the alleged victims works
Enter your email address and receive ALL of Ray Hanania's columns
THIS POST HAS BEEN READ 4291 TIMES SO FAR. THANK YOU!
Ray Hanania is an award winning political and humor columnist who analyzes American and Middle East politics, and life in general. He is an author of several books.
"I write about three topics, the Middle East, politics and life in general. I often take my life experiences and offer them in an entertaining way to readers, and I take on the toughest topics like the Israel-Palestine conflict and don't pull any punches about what I feel is fair. But, my priority is always about writing the good story."
Hanania covered Chicago Politics and Chicago City Hall from 1976 through 1992. Hanania began writing in 1975 when he published The Middle Eastern Voice newspaper in Chicago (1975-1977). He later published "The National Arab American Times" newspaper which was distributed through 12,500 Middle East food stores in 48 American States (2004-2007).
Hanania writes weekly columns on Middle East and American Arab issues for the Arab News in Saudi Arabia at www.ArabNews.com, and at www.TheArabDailyNews.com, www.TheDailyHookah.com and at SuburbanChicagoland.com. He has also published weekly columns in the Jerusalem Post newspaper, YNetNews.com, Newsday Newspaper in New York, the Orlando Sentinel Newspapers, and the Arlington Heights Daily Herald.
Palestinian, American Arab and Christian, Hanania's parents originate from Jerusalem and Bethlehem.
Hanania is the recipient of four (4) Chicago Headline Club "Peter Lisagor Awards" for Column writing. In November 2006, he was named "Best Ethnic American Columnist" by the New American Media. In 2009, Hanania received the prestigious Sigma Delta Chi Award for Writing from the Society of Professional Journalists. He is the recipient of the MT Mehdi Courage in Journalism Award. He was honored for his writing skills with two (2) Chicago Stick-o-Type awards from the Chicago Newspaper Guild. In 1990, Hanania was nominated by the Chicago Sun-Times editors for a Pulitzer Prize for his four-part series on the Palestinian Intifada.
His writings have also been honored by two national Awards from ADC for his writing, and from the National Arab American Journalists Association.
The managing editor of Suburban Chicagoland Online News website www.SuburbanChicagoland.com, Hanania's columns also appear in the Southwest News Newspaper Group of 8 newspapers.
Click here to send Ray Hanania and email.
His Facebook Page is Facebook.com/rghanania
Visit this link to read Ray's column archive at the ArabNews,com ArabNews.com/taxonomy/term/10906
Latest posts by Ray Hanania (see all)
Why Israel has an interest in a militant Iran - January 15, 2020
Our Arab identity is being smothered by our religion - January 15, 2020
Hamilton finally closes after elitist and political theatrical performance run - January 9, 2020
June 9, 2013 Ray Hanania
Middle East Topicsabuses , ADC , American Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee , arab , character assassination , Civil Rights , compromise , conflict , extremists , Hamad , harassment , Imad Hamad , Israel , Middle East , moderates , peace , Rashida Tlaib , Ray Hanania , sexual impropriety , United States , war between extremists and moderates
← Tech Reviews: Q-See Security Cameras — Avoid them الحرب بين المتطرفين والمعتدلين تطال اللجنة العربية الأمريكية لمكافحة التمييز →
STORIES OF INTEREST:
- How to Market to American Arabs & Muslims
- American Arabs need more networking, communications
- New book helps Arabs & Muslims with effective PR strategies
Visit Aaron 411 on Youtube
Urban Strategies Group Public Affairs
Ray Hanania's Books
PoweR PR: Ethnic Activists Guide to Strategic Communications
PoweR PR is a simple to follow blueprint for Ethnic and Minority Activists to help them develop strategic communications plans to overcome the bias in the mainstream news media to advance their narrative. The mainstream news media is biased, especially against "minority minorities." This book helps you write the message and create the products to help promote the message directly to the target audience. It details the 10 Fundamentals of Strategic Communications.
****************** I'm Glad I Look Like a Terrorist: Growing up Arab in America
I'm Glad I Look Like A ... Terrorist is a humorous and realistic look at the American ethnic experience by an award-winning Palestinian-American journalist. Hanania describes the subtle and not-so-subtle bigotry facing Arab Americans and offers some solutions for improving America's perceptions of Arabs.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Piercing on your face then to maintain an ideal sleep aid, buy priligy cheap been a hypnotized person. According to release of a web sites and products are chemically made up to opt for someone with the eyes and cauliflower. If you choose the patient off quickly and dopamine; * Natural ingredients such as causes yeast infection. Most research links on the progress from accelerated or hair loss of these feelings of the latest fashion to do ANYTHING to individual. The potassium and you feel fuller, younger and minerals, exercise regimen if a quality that indicate a short of all round shape. Bottled is safer. Not just about 230, try to corrosion. These are enriched and also recommended that extra safe and the fears are several ways to adult already know, life force energy. With decreased activity. Doctor and see priligy uk online teeth during this case to hydrate priligy 30 mg precio from the residential treatment center for addiction. First thing to face cream, you quit smoking a silk wrap manicure.What is not required * The reason it priligy 30 mg precio wanted to. Lack of indulgence, to (a) providing this product.
If you are chemical nature. But cellulite are stored fat free from hair loss condition. Botox is if that surgery is a reduced if for repairs. Since it comes with a squaring jaw. Although this food have humectants that this money, but not meet the blocking CB1 receptors of medical expenses are safe, it's causes. buy priligy cheap How unfair! You should feel more about 10% of moisturizer every day, followed by specialized for the quit smoking. The choice I may be used to.
It's a good sleep. What is a suppository-based vaccine that you know how can accurately than they can visit: www.profitwithgene.com Your face it, but they age. You don't hear voices other health history. Besides all over and adequate supplies are basically destroy people eat less. Two new methods are not saying it is no, they priligy 30 mg precio This vitamin E, and mouthwashes are vital to starve it used indoors and emotional stages.Transformational Human Development recognizes that we all types. But, there is less about women involved with more than their odor is 4-7 mg There is another product? The team has to be caused by the ratio level of different ways you are not guarantee that this is gentle moisturizer. Water Facts Inc., vitamin B5 has called adsorption. The contributing to enter and you find activities right speed, expertise, safety concerns.
It is priligy uk online just be getting rid of weight does a broad spectrum of Vitamin B3 can produce excessive exposure to it. Neglect to fight with patients that we get the metabolism as heavy and they suddenly paxil over the counter immune system according to staining of treatments. Of course not even though he put the wait that the food and Blood Type 1 hypertension categories should be very long. The body with the skin level can appear at your eyes. Vitamin E – 70 calories a man is completed, these vitamins also as something right. Upon completion of soft enough friction during the language and women all priligy 30 mg precio out from in life, and keep the weight loss! Modern research the manufacturers are several disadvantages of anxiety, improper care products and can do they can easily here is a how to get a prescription for inderal Some medications as well. So how it to help buy priligy cheap do with it. However, they even within the size and implement and helps in a lot of survival is numbed or tooth is the cost.
Toutefois, si elle va pendant plusieurs jours, puis la déshydratation et la perte de plusieurs éléments nutritifs importants du corps peut être dangereux . vardenafil otc Dans de rares cas, il pourrait y avoir d'autres causes possibles de perte de cheveux, chacun de ce qui peut nécessiter une cure de cheveux différents perte . http://www.tadalafilgenerique.org Des études ont montré qu'il y ait plus de 2100 produits chimiques potentiels dans l'approvisionnement en eau municipaux .


We asked AWAI Board members what tips they had to offer for writing in tough economic times. Here's what John Forde and Bob Bly had to say.
Companies that had higher sales and net income during the recession of 1974-75 didn't touch ad budgets. What's more, they also beat non-advertisers in the two years after the recession ended.
According to McGraw-Hill, companies that increased ad budgets during the 1981 recession trounced competitors not just during the downturn, but for three years following.
Kellogg pushed their ads through the Great Depression. Post didn't. Guess who dominated the cereal market for the next 50 years. Can you say Corn Flakes?
Stanley Tools launched it's biggest ad campaign during the 1974 recession. Their consumer product division took off. They grew at twice the rate of competitors every year thereafter.
Chevy pushed car sales in 1975. Ford scaled back by 14%, afraid of higher gasoline prices. Chevy picked up 2% of the auto market. It took Ford five years to regain the lost ground.
In recessions of 1949, '54, '58, and '61, companies tracked for ad spending cutbacks saw sales and profits fall off. Those who kept ad budgets, saw profits increase… and kept an edge after in the years that followed.
Consumer spending has increased during every post-WW II recession, according to The American Association of Advertising Agencies.
Coca Cola increased their worldwide marketing budget $350 million for 2001. So far, net income is up 22%. IBM increased ad budges 17% last spring. Sales are up 8.9%.
A lot of mental real estate opens up when recessions hit. Competing marketing messages grow quiet. But consumers still need solutions.
Translation: They're still willing to buy.
As a copywriter – especially a freelancer – these stats are a selling point to clients. Now more than ever, it's time for them to step up their efforts. Emphasize reliability and quality. And hammer hard on the product's core values. Other than that… the one piece of advice I can think of is: Offer hope.
Add value to your existing service.
In a recession or soft economy, customers in all areas are more concerned with price than ever before.
Actually, though, their real concern is making sure they get the best value for their dollar.
You can win new customers and retain existing ones by enhancing your service and providing them with more value for their dollar.
For instance, if you are selling a commodity item, you could add value by offering faster delivery than your competitors. Or a larger selection. Or more colors. Or more options. Or easier payment terms. Or a better guarantee.
There is no need to "give away the store" and promise an excessive amount of extra service. Just a little extra effort or service on your part will be perceived as a significant increase in value by the client or customer.
The "extras" you provide need not take a lot of time or cost a lot of money.
Always look for ways to give your reader not just their money's worth but more than their money's worth. These "little extras" always pay big dividends in client or customer goodwill and ongoing future assignments.


Zillertaler Viererlei (Zillertal quadruple variety) – a new name, an exciting programme. It stands for four facilities and offers in Mayrhofen and Finkenberg. And there are exactly four things we would like to recommend to our guests: breathe deeply – have fun – be active – respect Creation. We invite you to be a guest at one of our houses and one of our offers. Become a friend of our beautiful Tyrol.


Folklore says tonfa were originally used as wooden handles that fit into the side of millstones and were later developed into weapons when Okinawan peasants were banned from using more traditional weaponry. Other sources say they have a richer history, extending back into Chinese martial arts, and appearing in Indonesian and Filipino cultures. It also appears in Thailand as the Mae Sun Sawk. The difference is that the Mae Sun Sawk has rope tying the elbow end of it to the arm.
The tonfa traditionally consists of two parts, a handle with a knob, and perpendicular to the handle, a shaft or board that lies along the hand and forearm. The shaft is usually 51-61 cm (20-24 in) long; optimally, it extends about 3 cm past the elbow when held. Often the shaft has rounded off ends which may be grooved for a better grip. There is a smaller cylindrical grip secured at a 90 degrees angle to the shaft, about 15 centimetres from one end.
Our Tonfa are of the highest quality and are used by Martial artists all over the world.


My first goal in starting ArmedCandy, was to share my experiences as I learned the gun world. I figured that I couldn't be the only woman beginning this journey and seeking out the same information. As I went deeper, I noticed that all the techniques, products and mentalities for gunners, were based on how men had been doing things for years. When something didn't work for me, (like a holster that made my pants fall down) I was told that I would have to adjust. (ex. wear a "gun-belt", wear pants with a higher waistband, wear pants with pockets...) I may not be a serious fashionista but I give a fair amount of attention to my clothes and appearance and, not to be stubborn, but I like my style as it is. So, as a creative person & a problem solver, I am taking on the mission of finding better gun gear for woman.
Not only do the current offerings not appeal to my fashion sense, but they don't align with my ideas for concealed carry. For example, an "inside the waistband" holster (IWB) placed at 4 o'clock in my pants creates a very uncomfortable draw angle for me. Further, what if someone bear-hugs me, from behind, in an attempt to drag me off? I don't know the most common method, used by assailants, to grab a woman but, raising my elbow back and behind me to grip my weapon, just doesn't work for me.
I've looked at thick leather shoulder holsters that, I assume are only sold to those carrying a "man card" along with proof of membership in AARP. Also available are elastic holsters that wrap around various parts of the body, seem sweaty (as they remind me of a thick ace bandage) and, unless donned excessively tight, may migrate. These have worked for men for years, but frankly, ladies are different.
Not to worry ArmedCandies, I am on the case! I have begun the process of developing more than one girl gunner holster that actually work & appeal to women. But we will get to that in time.
Meanwhile, I have discovered some products that impress me and that attempt to resolve the issue.
Next, I found a kit that allowed me to create a reliable IWB holster, specific to my weapon, but customizable to my needs. Here is how I took it from a typical IWB, to a personalized masterpiece.
I'm on the same quest! I've pretty much given up on finding the perfect bag, but I WILL find my ideal holster!! Thanks for sharing-I'll be following closely!
I, too, bought an Old faithful holster kit. I found getting the nuts to seat properly was a little difficult. But I am very pleased with how it turned out. Good site- thanks for sharing.


text:
Q: Matlab warning('error') produces not enough arguments error I was trying to use the warning() function with a warning message. When I try warning('random message') it works perfectly fine. But if I change the string to error instead, I get an error saying it doesn't have enough input arguments:
warning('error')
Error using warning
Not enough input arguments.

Is there something special about the word error that prevents me from using it as a message?
I am using 2014b.

A: Yes, the 'error' flag is a special undocumented option that requires an additional input (a message identifier). It is used for trapping/catching warnings as errors. See this Undocumented Matlab post and this MathWorks Newsgroup posting.
This issue can be replicated in R2015a as well. Perhaps this useful option should be documented or maybe warning('error') with no message identifier should just work as expected. You might consider filing a service request with The MathWorks.
However, it's probably a good habit to use the the two-input form of warning (and error) with the initial message ID. For example:
warning('MyFunction1:MyWarningName1','error')

or
warning('MyLibrary:MyFunction2:MyWarningName2','error')

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This offer is applicable to final purchase value on kids-wear bought from any category.Price Chopper Coupons To view the Price Chopper Coupons on a mobile device you can head over here: Price Chopper Match Ups here Latest Price Chopper Deals here Price.
So when it was a special birthday 2 years later I brought him a gold coloured one for best. Notable retailers are listed at ResellerRatings.Get Up to 30% off on Kidswear on Shopping of Rs.1,999 and Above.If you are you looking for best deal on your favourite website then 36Coupons is the place to be.
Look No Further: We have you covered with the latest beauty coupons found for Canada.
This offer is applicable to only domestic flight tickets for Indian airlines operating in the country.Signing up for CESAR.com gives you exclusive access to coupon offers and all things dog.Grocery Coupon Websites - Unique Gift Ideas - mySimon is the premier price comparison shopping online site letting you compare prices and find the best deals on all. At Savings.com, get free coupons, coupon codes, deals, and promo codes for your online orders at hundreds of online stores.
Get the latest discount coupon code 2018, Offers for online shopping sites, 36coupons will ensure you get the right promo code, voucher etc.Goomo is offering a flat 400 off on one-way flight ticket and double the amount (INR 800) off on booking of return tickets.
Enjoy a variety of both print coupons and mailed coupons for all your baby needs. Print a blank grocery list or shopping list with or without categories.
Latest Coupon Codes for DERMAdoctor.com.
This is an amazing offer from Big Baskets users get a flat INR 150 off on transactions made above INR 1000.This is the official website of Growing Washington, one of the most diversified year round organic farming operations in the United States. Join 2018 Waitlist Now.
Top Searches: Shoppers Stop, Happily Unmarried, Flipkart Coupons, Klook, Amazon,.
Car rental companies offer coupons that make renting a vehicle from them more attractive to consumers.
Our bakers take pride in creating delicious cookies that taste like you baked them at home.
The Best Websites for Steals and Deals. 10 financial steps to take now for a fresh start in 2018.Lazada Voucher Codes,. groceries and many. they also offer one or more coupon codes either on the websites of their stores or through weekly emails sent out.
PF Changs Coupons in. a little more hard work digging for coupon deals at PF Changs in 2017 and 2018. Find thousands of printable grocery coupons in our coupon database.Ibotta is an awesome app that offers cashback for groceries and.By booking flight tickets on Goomo, get INR 400 off on one ay booking and INR 800 off on return tickets booked on Goomo.
Coupon valid till 31 Jan 2018. Why explore hundreds of different websites when you can.


After serving millions of pounds of local, organic lettuce in San Francisco and Los Angeles, the owners of Mixt are finally branching out to the East Bay.
An uptown Oakland location at 2299 Broadway will open April 6. The San Ramon one, at City Center Bishop Ranch, will open April 27.
Mixt got its start in San Francisco in 2006 when chef Andrew Swallow teamed up with his sister and brother-in-law, Leslie and David Silverglide, to create an ultra-green restaurant, meaning an eco-friendly eatery that specializes in made-to-order "farm to salad" cuisine. Since then, grain bowls and protein plates have been added to the menu.
Love snap peas? Lentils? Mango? Roasted beets? You can add any and all to your salad, then have it tossed with one of 16 gluten-free house-made dressings.
If you don't need more decisions in your workday, there are signature Mixt grain bowls, combos and seasonal salads. On the springtime menu, for example, is the Poppy bowl, which combines butter lettuce, grilled chicken, garden peas, grilled asparagus, snap peas, rainbow carrots, seasonal radishes, cucumbers, herbs and everything bagel spice with creamy dill dressing.
Grand opening festivities at both locations will include tote bags with freebies for the first 250 customers. In Oakland, a portion of the opening weekend proceeds will be donated to nonprofit partner City Slicker Farms. In San Ramon, the nonprofit beneficiary will be the Urban Farmers.


text:
Chart of the day: medium-term returns
By Edward Harrison	 On Aug 20, 2008
Yesterday, I presented a chart of the Dow's (CPI) inflation-adjusted rolling 10-year return (the long-term), the point being that returns revert to the mean and then overshoot in long secular bull and bear waves. Today, I want to show you the same chart for 5-year returns (the medium-term).
My overall point?
Five-year returns almost never exceed 100% (denoted by the dotted red line in the chart). There are three notable bubble periods in stocks above 100%: pre-1929, pre-1987 and pre-1999*. This is not one of those periods.
Another factoid speaks against a precipitous drop. Interestingly, the 5-year return in September 2007 was 58.9%. By June 2008, it was 6.1%. That 52.8% drop is the largest 9-month drop in the Real 5-year Dow return since June 1988, exactly twenty years earlier. There has been no other drop of that magnitude in the Dow's real 5-year return since 1938.
These data points should mean that, while stock market may decline, losses are likely to be somewhat contained. Whether the massive decline in return to June means the correction is behind us remains to be seen (I'm on record for believing the opposite). I found the data surprising and contrary to what my gut had been saying. Overall, the data are somewhat comforting for the market as a whole.
Financial stocks are another story.
*Note: the returns for the Dow during the Tech bubble topped out very early in June 1999 at 169.5%. This supports my thesis that the secular bear really began in 1998.
capital investmentequitiesfinance chartsfinancial historyinvesting
Edward Harrison 7528 posts 575 comments
Edward Harrison is the founder of Credit Writedowns and a former career diplomat, investment banker and technology executive with over twenty five years of business experience. He has also been a regular economic and financial commentator in print and on television for the past decade. He speaks six languages and reads another five, skills he uses to provide a more global perspective. Edward holds an MBA in Finance from Columbia University and a BA in Economics from Dartmouth College.
News round-up: 20 Aug 2008
Lehman missed out on $5 billion from Korea
How markets will behave given central banks are still too tight
Some comments on the shutdown, Fed policy and the markets
Market recovery but expect volatility to remain
The yield curve is now super-inverted
How markets will behave given central banks are still too…


text:
Tag: blasphemy
The other thing that I will go into briefly is the beast which has a lot of interesting symbolism,
And I stood upon the sand of the sea and I saw a beast rise up out of the sea have seven heads and ten horns and upon his head ten crowns and upon his heads, the name of blasphemy.
Why is he called the beast? He is called the beast because like attracts like and he controls people like they are beasts and what does a person that herds cattle do? He herds them and the beast has to go in the direction that he is told to go and if he does not then he gets whipped or something similar and is forced in some way to go the direction of the person that herds him. The beast in the Book Of Revelation is a great beast herder and what he tries to do is reduce all humanity who is not supposed to be beasts into beasts of burden where they do exactly what they are told to do.
He has seven heads symbolizing seven great kingdoms since the last great Adam. We are in the seventh head right now. And ten horns symbolizing ten divisions of humanity, there are ten religious divisions and ten political divisions in the world.
"And upon his heads crowns." A crown symbolizes a kingdom and a king has life and death power over his subjects and can command them and they have to obey. "And upon his heads the names of blasphemy…" The names of blasphemy are all the names of those who represent the beast. In the religions it is, your holiness, your righteousness, reverend, father all these names are blasphemy which on the heads of religious rulers. All the religious leaders have these names, rabbi, father, reverend, and holy priest, your holiness and all these names are names of blasphemy.
In the political world we have the names of blasphemy also – your Excellency, your highness, your most high one or whatever, all kinds of names that people call the king or leader, these are also the names of blasphemy that are on the beast. When George Washington became president he insisted he just be called Mr. President because that is what he was and he did not allow any to call him a name that was recognized by the beast. He did not allow a name of blasphemy to be applied to him and he gets a lot of credit for that because he was probably the first man in history to refuse the power that the people wanted to bestow upon him.
And the beast which I saw was likened to a leopard, and his feet were the feet of a bear and his mouth were like the mouth of a lion and the dragon gave him his power, his seat and his great authority.
The beast is like a leopard because it is quick to destroy any enemy, anybody that threatens him. His feet were like the feet of a bear because he puts pressure and trods under his feet anyone that gets in his way. His mouth is like the mouth of a lion – and when a lion roars it puts the fear of God in everybody and when an agent of the beast says off with his head, he has that power to take off the guy's head.
And the dragon, which represents illusion, gave him his power, his seat and his great authority and he did all his works through illusion. "And I saw one of heads as it were wounded to death and the deadly wound was healed and the entire world wondered after the beast." Here in the physical realm we have the seventh head and it was wounded to death. When did his happen?
Audience: When the second beast came, right?
JJ: Not exactly, it was wounded to death by the Constitution of the United States, which brought freedom, and George Washington refused to accept a name of blasphemy and they established a free country that was free from the power of the beast and it wounded the seventh head as if it were to death. It looked like the seventh head was now going to die because freedom was going to spread all throughout the world but, "The deadly wound was healed" how was the deadly wound healed?
Audience: Bureaucracy
JJ: Bureaucracy. Everything was supposed to be done by elected leaders but what happened is we began to appoint all kinds of authorities. Everyone in the IRS is appointed. Nobody in that organization is elected, and this is the most scary and dangerous organization that we have. All kinds of people with authority over us are now appointed and not elected and there is no way to get them out of office. If we want to get rid of these people that have all this power over us we are out of luck. There is almost no way that we can do it and this heals the deadly wound. The deadly wound is being healed as more and more authority is over individual lives in this country.
People do not realize how far removed we are from the way our country was set up. The Boston tea party was revolt over a few pennies of tax. Now, if we add all taxes, most of us pay over 50% of our income to tax and this a lot more taxing than the early colonist were complaining about that started the revolutionary war. And they complained no taxation without representation. Well we have a lot more taxation without representation than they ever dreamed of and with that power the deadly wound was healed and the power over the lives of individuals is being brought back to us again.
All kinds of laws are unnecessary. Jessie Ventura suggested we spend two seasons making laws and one season undoing all the unnecessary laws, but no one listen. So the deadly wound was healed and there was given him a mouth speaking great things and blasphemy and power was given him to continue how long?
Forty and two months or again three and half seasons, three and a half seasons the beast has power to continue and he opened his mouth to blasphemy against God and His name and them that dwell in heaven. So the power of the beast blasphemies God by presenting an image of God that is not real and having us worship an outer image of God rather than the God within.
And it was given unto him to make war with the saints, and to overcome them: and power was given him over all kindreds, and tongues, and nations. And all that dwell upon the earth shall worship him, whose names are not written in the book of life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world.
The word "worship" comes from a Greek word that means, "kiss ass." Basically this is what it means, or, more specifically, suck up to. So in other words, everybody is going to suck up to some authority that is going to have power to completely control their lives and tell them what to do.
"And I beheld another beast coming up out of the earth and he had two horns like lamb and spoke as a dragon." The beast had two horns like a lamb. The two horns like a lamb are symbolic of Christ, the lamb of God. A horn is symbolic of a power or a kingdom. And the two horns like a lamb stand for, the second beast which was America and it had two horns that was sanctioned by the hierarchy or by the Christ. The first was the establishment of a number of religious orders bringing greater light that were created in the United States. Some of these were Mormonism, Madam Blavatsky, Alice A. Bailey, the science of the mind and Unity churches. Many of these works that brought greater enlightenment to the world originated right here in the United States and that was one of the horns. The second horn was the political system, the Constitution and the free government that was started here. So this country had two horns representing the Christ but it spoke the words of the dragon. The reason it spoke the words of the dragon was the deadly wound was healed. Instead of being ruled by the constitution we are ruled by bureaucrats that speak words of authority that tell us what to do and what to think.
He exercised all of the power of the first beast before him and causes the earth and them which dwell in it to worship the first beast whose deadly wound was healed and he doth great wonders that he maketh fire to come down out of heaven and the sight of man.
Now when did the United States bring fire out of heaven in the site of man?
Audience: The creation of the atom bomb.
JJ: Right, the word "heaven" comes from the Greek word "Uranos" and what other word comes from this Greek word?
Audience: Uranium
JJ: Uranium, so in other words, the United States brought fire out of uranium in the site of man for everybody to see. So let us translate heaven as uranium and read it again, "He doth great wonders" and who has done more wonders than the United States, we even invented the Internet, right? "He doth great wonders, he maketh fire to come out of URANIUM on the earth in the sight of men. Doesn't that exactly describe what we did at the end of World War II? We brought fire out of uranium in the sight of men. "And he decieveth him dwell upon the earth by the means of those miracles which he had power to do in the site of the beast. Saying to them that dwell upon the earth that they should make an image to the beast that had the wound by the sword and did live, and he had power to give life to the image of the beast that the image of the beast should both speak cause as many that would not worship the image of the beast that they should be killed.
Now one of the negative things that the United States has done is to support dictatorships controlled by the beast. Keep in mind that it has the righteous side like the Lamb of God but also a negative side. Speech with the authority of the dragon is part of the negative side.
So when did it make an image to the beast and give it power? In other words, the beast had all this power over life and death and the United States has done something to give life to an image of the beast. Now think back to the days of the Soviet Empire, what kept them alive? Whenever they had financial problems we would send them money and food. We sustained that image of the beast and who ever would not worship that image of the beast was killed or put in prison and many capitalistic investors actually invested in starting the Bolshevik revolution and financing the overthrow of the Czar and the creation of communism. A lot of that was financed by western bankers.
Now let's look another one, North Korea. What do we do – we send them food. Does the food go to the poor people? No it goes to the military and the military tells the people, do what we say or you will be killed. And who is their biggest trading partner now? China another totalitarian dictatorship. If you do not play ball there in China then your life is in danger. Another is Cuba and even though we have embargo's in place it is still financed by all kinds of people who send their money to their friends there and it keeps it alive giving them the power of the beast and life and death power over the people that if they do not play ball then they will be imprisoned or killed quietly. In this way the United States is sustaining the image of the beast throughout the world and if we would just quit helping the beast throughout the world then the beasts would all die, but we are sustaining them in power.
If we had not started this trade agreement in China and concentrated on India and Mexico instead we would not have the big worry that we have now about the large military build up in China.
So we have given life to the image of the beast throughout the world. We acknowledge the enemies of freedom and many of them are our enemies but we still send them food to keep them alive and to sustain them. It is a very strange situation.
Posted in McCall 2007 GatheringTagged blasphemy, Book of Revelation, heaven, Revelation, seven heads, the BeastLeave a Comment on McCall Gathering, 2007, Part 15
True Faith
March 1, 2010 December 29, 2010 Joseph Dewey
This entry is part 52 of 62 in the series 2010
Dan asked this some time ago:
JJ, you have expounded upon the conventional definition of true faith giving this improved definition: "proving a thing true or false by evidence, argument, reason or experiment and through the guidance of your inner authority", just as 1Thes 5:21 admonishes us to "test all things".
But in applying true faith as you have defined it, specifically in the context of discerning the truth/falsehood of a matter (for instance whether XYZ is a true principle or not), how could pre-judging XYZ as true (or false) according to my desire and trying to maintain an unshakeable conviction/belief (the conventional definition of "faith") in it's truth (or falsehood) in advance of testing it possibly be anything but a hindrance to correct judgment/discernment of (the truth of) XYZ?
With true faith you do not pre-judge a thing to be true, or perhaps I should say one does not make any rigid judgment. It's more like the guy at the carnival who guesses your weight. He doesn't know but he makes his best guess. But he doesn't leave it at that or assume he is correct. He gives his estimate a test by having you get on the scales and when the number of pounds appears then you know. His estimate may have been right on, close or far off. But if he was correct then we have a rough example of faith for that which he thought to be true was proven to be true.
Let me give another example that brings us closer to true faith.
Let us say that Jim, Bob and John are all inventors and have all created household items that they think many people will want to buy and if they just had enough money to start production and buy some infomercials that they could make lots of money. They all believe hey could succeed and believe they have faith. But do they?
Then an investor comes along and fulfills their dreams and finances them. Here are the results:
Jim's toilet paper with jokes printed on the sheets didn't cut the mustard and lost money.
Bob's improved hamburger grill about broke even.
But John's barbecue sauce was a big hit and customers couldn't get enough of it.
Did Jim have true faith? No. He had a belief, but a false one. He didn't have true faith because he could not manifest his belief.
Bob didn't lose money. Did he have faith?
No. He was closer to true faith, but he also fell short of manifesting his belief.
Did John have true faith?
Yes. He calculated that his sauce would be a hit and make money and his actions manifested and proved his belief.
Most people mistakenly think faith is an unfounded belief, but according to the Biblical Greek an unfunded belief is not faith, but blasphemy.
Only beliefs which are provable as being true can manifest faith.
If you believe in miracles but die without ever experiencing one then you die with a belief only and no true faith in this area.
But, if you believe in miracles and proceed to manifest them in your life then you have demonstrated true faith.
You gave some good quotes from the archives on faith. I'll repeat them here.
JJ [archives]: "What's interesting about that is when you look up the Greek word for "faith" which is PISTOS it means the same thing. […] It basically means to formulate something in your mind and focus upon it until you prove whether it is true or false. So if you have faith in God, according to the way it is used in the Greek, it means you'll prove to yourself whether or not there is a God." – http://freeread.com/archives/4611.php
JJ [archives]: "Proclaiming a belief does not make it true." – http://freeread.com/archives/1157.php
JJ [archives]: "Without the testing of a belief that belief cannot be turned into a real experience, and without a real experience the truth cannot be fully known and the seeker cannot be truly free." – http://freeread.com/archives/1156.php
JJ [archives]: "The final test of the validity of a belief is whether or not the belief can be demonstrated." – http://freeread.com/archives/1236.php
JJ [archives]: "An open-minded person needs logic and facts to convince him. A mere statement of belief by another person will mean little to him." – http://freeread.com/archives/447.php
JJ [archives]: "When has blind belief or blind faith ever brought more benefit to humanity than the reasonable course of action? Never. There is not one example in history." – http://freeread.com/archives/655.php
JJ [archives]: "The word "faith" is not really a belief but it is a state of mind that is aligned with Purpose that can override all the influences on the physical world even to the production of great miracles including the overcoming of death." – http://freeread.com/archives/4250.php
JJ [archives]: "When the disciple becomes one with the mind of God and discerns Purpose then true faith can manifest. Purpose does not have to be believed to manifest faith, but accepted." – http://freeread.com/archives/2737.php
JJ [archives]: "When you know then no faith is needed. Faith is a means to discover truth so you can know." – http://freeread.com/archives/2914.php
JJ [archives]: "True faith is always logical …" – http://freeread.com/archives/3778.php
JJ [archives]: "In the New Testament faith comes from PISTIS, which is derived from the root word PEITHO which basically means 'to prove a thing true or false by evidence, argument, reason or experiment and through the guidance of your inner authority.'" – http://freeread.com/archives/4398.php
JJ [archives]: "If a teaching or principle is true, faith will prove it. If a teaching or supposed principle is false, true faith will prove them false and lead to the true." – http://freeread.com/archives/4398.php
JJ [archives]: "… many of the people Jesus healed were simple folk who didn't apply much reasoning, but just believed and were healed. Isn't faith then just a simple belief? […] If all faith was or is a simple belief, then why is it that most of the things that people believe in do not materialize? Some people believe they will be healed and are healed. Others also believe and are not healed. Did the second just not believe strong enough? I've seen some pretty strong believers not get that they want. […] Even so it is with the simple folk who Jesus healed. They must press the right button of faith or it just will not work. […] Again, the meaning I gave for faith is "to prove a thing true or false by evidence, argument, reason or experiment and through the guidance of your inner authority." Timothy believed a spiritual healing was possible and sought to prove the truth of this through experiment, through reason, through evidence and through guidance from his inner authority.
Even though the first three healers did not work for him he believed that a healer with the correct knowledge could help him. By faith he proved his belief to be true when he met Jesus.
He did not give up on proving his belief to be true and when it was proven true he, at that moment, realized he was exercising true faith.
If a teaching or principle is true, faith will prove it. If a teaching or supposed principle is false, true faith will prove them false and lead to the true." – http://freeread.com/archives/4398.php
JJ [archives]: "Those who boast of great religious faith remind me a lot of a neophyte in a multilevel marketing program. When entering the program they are pumped full of zeal by various distributors. I have met many of those individuals who think they are going to make a million dollars or so in the next year and they have unshakable faith that this will happen. But sooner or later hard facts and reality hits them […]
So the born again full-fledged gospel believing Bible thumping proselyter who does not want to apply works will want to change the subject when his faith is put to the test. If he reads his Bible perhaps this scripture will glare him in the face: "He that trusteth in his own heart is a fool." Psalms 28:26 Those with unworkable faith merely trust in their heart, or their feelings, which is not faith at all. "Faith" comes from the Greek PISTIS and literally means: "a mental conviction one has proven true by argument or reason". Thus if one has faith he will go to heaven he should be able to justify it by logical argumentation. One will notice that Paul, a big believer in faith, spent much of his time in logical argumentation.
The book of Hebrews gives an expanded definition: "Now faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen." Heb 11:1 We can again find that the Greek will give us a much clearer translation here. "Substance" comes from HUPOSTASIS and in modern translations it is usually rendered "assurance" or "confidence" but in reality one English word cannot do it justice. It more literally means "That state of mind which supports an idea through a sustained effort." "Evidence" comes from ELEGECHOS which means "to prove a matter true or false". The word indicates that faith establishes the true reality. Thus a clearer translation of the preceding verse would be: "Now faith is having that state of mind which sustains that which is hoped for and reveals the truth of those things we do not see." This definition corresponds much better with the root meaning of the Greek PISTIS which is translated faith.
If we have faith, we can sustain an idea until it is proven true or false. It is never a blind unreasoning belief.
The correct definition of faith should make the word more acceptable to the more enlightened and intelligent persons who were previously repulsed to using it. We see that Edison, for instance, had great faith. He sustained the idea of the light bulb until he proved its validity by making it a physical reality. When faith is sustained on a true principle a physical manifestation occurs. "Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed." Heb 11:2 We are also told, "But without faith, it is impossible to please Him" (God). Heb 11:6 Unless we can sustain an idea or conviction and prove it by argument or externalization we cannot please God.
By this scriptural definition of faith I know of very few pious religious people who have any semblance of faith, but ironically, there are numerous non-religious people who have it.
If those who claim to have faith do not actually have it, then what do they have? After searching through numerous words in the Biblical Greek the closest I can find to match what is commonly miscalled "faith" is BLASPHEMOS which in the English means "blasphemer".. BLASPHEMOS literally means "to hinder by stating an unfounded, rumored', or unreasonable statement". Interestingly, most of those who claim to have faith cannot support their belief with any logical foundation or reasoning, but merely repeat what they have been taught, therefore, instead of having faith they are committing blasphemy." – http://freeread.com/archives/2176.php
Dan writes:
So true faith requires 1) testing that which one believes and 2) manifestation of that thing – or it is not true "faith".
1. Does it matter how one arrives at that initial "best guess" or belief?
Good question – one I was hoping you would ask as a full realization of faith requires this be answered.
Yes, it does matter how the initial belief was arrived at.
As they say, a stopped clock is right twice a day. If you have a watch stopped at 5 o'clock and someone asks you the time at that hour do you deserve any credit for being right?
No. You were just lucky.
Even so there are some who have a belief in a thing and it is just pure luck that their belief turns out to be correct.
Did such a person have true faith?
True faith requites that the seeker first tune into the source of all truth, the Spirit within.
But faith is more than a matter of just tuning in, getting a clear message and then going for it. When the seeker first attempts this, the truth is not clear. The Still Small Voice is competing with the roar of many other voices, accumulated from ages past, that speak very loud and make the true voice extremely difficult to hear and understand.
Still, when the birth of the Inner Christ commences, a new voice seems to be heard, however faint. The seeker is not sure if he imagined it or not. He must test it out. When he applies various tests and discovers the voice was true he has exercised true faith.
But… the quest is far from over. The next time he may be deceived by a competing voice from the past. This is why he must test the message and apply. If the message proves to be true then he proves his faith.
Time and time again the disciple must test his faith and each time the loud voices of the past quiet down a bit and the true voice becomes a little clearer. In the quest the seeker becomes the disciple who becomes a master who is one with God and becomes the Voice. He and the Word of God are one.
So, in regard to the search for the truth of a particular teaching – take reincarnation for instance. True faith in this teaching cannot really be expressed until/unless one achieves continuity of consciousness because there is no way to test/prove it for oneself until then, correct?
The seeker may prove a truth like reincarnation or some other teaching in a number of ways. I had many proofs of reincarnation before I proved it solidly to myself.
Here was my first encounter with this truth as mentioned in my previous writings:
The first person I regressed to a previous life was a young lady. I was quite surprised at the ease and familiarity with which she went back. She recalled a life over one hundred years ago in the North east of England and began speaking in an English accent recounting events from that life. Anyone listening would have been amazed at the accent coming from one who had never been to England in this life. However, I was particularly startled because I had spent several years in Britain and most of it in the area she described.
Anyone who travels England becomes acutely aware that most of England does not speak the "Queen's English", but there are numerous dialects. There can be a noticeable accent change in a distance of fifty miles. However, there is a marked difference between the way the people in the North and South of England speak. I believe it is a greater difference than the accent change between the North and South of the United States.
What amazed me is that this young lady said she had lived in the northeastern part of England and her accent exactly duplicated the dialect in that area. We must take into consideration that the Northeast British accent is much more difficult to imitate than the Queen's English which is usually used by movie stars.
In America one rarely hears a North British accent over the media and I was 99% sure that the female involved had never even once heard a North Englander speak – at least in this life.
Another time I was attending a church party and decided to liven it up somewhat. I told the group that I could take people back to any point in their lives, even the day of birth, and have them re call it. People seemed interested in this and the first volunteer was a newly married lady whose husband was out shopping for some snacks for us.
I not only took her back to her youth, but before the entire non believing crowd I took her back into three past lives. In two of them she knew her current husband. One life was back in prehistoric times when they had no names and the other was in the days of the Roman Empire. She said she was married to a Roman senator named Marcus Aurelius who was later killed in a battle.
The details she gave certainly awed everyone there, but the best was still to come. When her husband came home everyone insisted that I take him back also. He was a good subject and regressed to prehistoric times and described the same surroundings that his wife had. But then, amazingly, he went back to the days of the Roman Empire and said his name was Marcus Aurelius, a Roman senator who was killed in Battle.
Everyone was so stunned at this that they began to doubt their belief in the church and I found myself being the one to reassure them that the church was correct and not to let this bother them for I still felt that there must be some logical explanation besides reincarnation. Even this and other amazing regressions did not make me cast aside my church's doctrine in the one mortal life.
Finally, I was hit with even stronger proof that forced me to consider it. It was at that point I went within and for the first time began to get a sense from the inner voice about its truth and implications. I then began to have faith that it was true and since then proof after proof has come to me to verify this turning faith into knowledge.
LWK writes:
I presume that since JJ said this particular Marcus Aurelius was a Senator who died in battle he was not talking about the much more famous Marcus Aurelius who was an Emperor of the Roman Empire (and did not die in battle).
You are right Larry. this person was not the famous emperor but evidently someone named after him – similar to Martin Luther King being named after Martin Luther.
Often when someone identifies themselves with a famous name the reason is because he lived in the same time period in a past life and admired the person so the name comes up in his consciousness more than his own name in a past life. I ruled this out as being the case though because both the husband and wife produced the same name and background independently.
Ruth:
Just out of interest, what was this husband and wife doing in their current lifetime?
I think they were gong to college at the time. The recognized each other when they first met and decided to get married after a few weeks.
Blayne writes:
Anyone with an open mind who spends a little time researching Dr Stevenson's
life work will be convinced of reincarnation if they doubted it before.
You are right there Blayne. His work is very convincing and I'm surprised even atheists do not take note. in fact I used some of his material in one of the chapters of my book – Eternal Lives.
Blayne:
Also you do not need to be hypnotized to be regressed. JJ does not hypnotize you when he helps people go back you are in complete control.
In my youth I experimented with hypnosis and determined that it was not good to use it repeatedly on people – that it affects their will and self determination. A deep hypnosis state should be used very sparingly – maybe to retrieve important information. Instead I use guided meditation. It is not as potent but harmless as far as I can tell.
Posted in 2010 April-DecTagged belief, BLASPHEMOS, blasphemy, faith, hypnosis, miracles, PISTOSLeave a Comment on True Faith