text:
#include "UISwitch.h"
#include "Animation/LinearAnimation.h"
#include "UI/UIEvent.h"
#include "Reflection/ReflectionRegistrator.h"

namespace DAVA
{
//use these names for children controls to define UISwitch in .yaml
const FastName UISwitch::BUTTON_LEFT_NAME("buttonLeft");
const FastName UISwitch::BUTTON_RIGHT_NAME("buttonRight");
const FastName UISwitch::BUTTON_TOGGLE_NAME("buttonToggle");

static const float32 UISWITCH_SWITCH_ANIMATION_TIME = 0.1f;
static const int32 UISWITCH_MOVE_ANIMATION_TRACK = 10;
static const float32 UISWITCH_ANCHOR_UNDEFINED = 10000.f;
static float32 dragAnchorX = UISWITCH_ANCHOR_UNDEFINED;

DAVA_VIRTUAL_REFLECTION_IMPL(UISwitch)
{
    ReflectionRegistrator<UISwitch>::Begin()[M::DisplayName("Switch")]
    .ConstructorByPointer()
    .DestructorByPointer([](UISwitch* o) { o->Release(); })
    .Field("isLeftSelected", &UISwitch::GetIsLeftSelected, &UISwitch::SetIsLeftSelected)[M::Bindable()]
    .End();
}

class TogglePositionAnimation : public LinearAnimation<float32>
{
protected:
    virtual ~TogglePositionAnimation()
    {
        SafeRelease(uiSwitch);
    }

public:
    TogglePositionAnimation(bool _isCausedByTap, UISwitch* _uiSwitch, float32* _var, float32 _endValue, float32 _animationTimeLength, Interpolation::FuncType _iType)
        : LinearAnimation(_uiSwitch->GetToggle(), _var, _endValue, _animationTimeLength, _iType)
        , uiSwitch(SafeRetain(_uiSwitch))
        , isFromLeftToRight(false)
        , centerNotPassed(_isCausedByTap) //center is not yet passed by in this case
        , centerPos(0.f)
    {
        if (_isCausedByTap) //toggle is on opposite side from _endValue, we can calculate center
        {
            centerPos = (_endValue + *_var) / 2;
            isFromLeftToRight = _endValue > *_var;
        }
    }

    virtual void Update(float32 timeElapsed)
    {
        LinearAnimation::Update(timeElapsed);
        if (centerNotPassed)
        {
            if (isFromLeftToRight ^ (*var < centerPos))
            {
                centerNotPassed = false;
                uiSwitch->ChangeVisualState();
            }
        }
    }

private:
    UISwitch* uiSwitch;
    bool isFromLeftToRight;
    bool centerNotPassed;
    float32 centerPos;
};

UISwitch::UISwitch(const Rect& rect)
    : UIControl(rect)
    , buttonLeft(new UIControl())
    , buttonRight(new UIControl())
    , toggle(new UIControl())
    , switchOnTapBesideToggle(true)
{
    buttonLeft->SetName(UISwitch::BUTTON_LEFT_NAME);
    buttonRight->SetName(UISwitch::BUTTON_RIGHT_NAME);
    toggle->SetName(UISwitch::BUTTON_TOGGLE_NAME);
    AddControl(buttonLeft.Get());
    AddControl(buttonRight.Get());
    AddControl(toggle.Get());
    InitControls();

    Vector2 leftAndRightSize(size.dx / 2, size.dy);
    buttonLeft->SetSize(leftAndRightSize);
    buttonRight->SetSize(leftAndRightSize);
    Vector2 newPivotPoint = buttonRight->GetPivotPoint();
    newPivotPoint.x = leftAndRightSize.dx;
    buttonRight->SetPivotPoint(newPivotPoint);
    buttonRight->SetPosition(Vector2(size.x, buttonRight->GetPosition().y));
}

UISwitch::~UISwitch()
{
}

void UISwitch::InitControls()
{
    buttonLeft->SetInputEnabled(false);
    buttonRight->SetInputEnabled(false);
    toggle->SetInputEnabled(false);
    BringChildFront(toggle.Get());
    CheckToggleSideChange();
    float32 toggleXPosition = GetToggleUttermostPosition();
    toggle->SetPosition(Vector2(toggleXPosition, toggle->GetPosition().y));
    ChangeVisualState(); //forcing visual state change cause it can be skipped in CheckToggleSideChange()
}

void UISwitch::AddControl(UIControl* control)
{
    // Synchronize the pointers to the buttons each time new control is added.
    UIControl::AddControl(control);

    if (control->GetName() == UISwitch::BUTTON_LEFT_NAME && buttonLeft.Get() != control)
    {
        UIControl::RemoveControl(buttonLeft.Get());
        buttonLeft = control;
    }
    else if (control->GetName() == UISwitch::BUTTON_TOGGLE_NAME && toggle.Get() != control)
    {
        UIControl::RemoveControl(toggle.Get());
        toggle = control;
    }
    else if (control->GetName() == UISwitch::BUTTON_RIGHT_NAME && buttonRight.Get() != control)
    {
        UIControl::RemoveControl(buttonRight.Get());
        buttonRight = control;
    }
}

void UISwitch::RemoveControl(UIControl* control)
{
    if (control == buttonRight.Get())
    {
        buttonRight = nullptr;
    }
    else if (control == buttonLeft.Get())
    {
        buttonLeft = nullptr;
    }
    else if (control == toggle.Get())
    {
        toggle = nullptr;
    }

    UIControl::RemoveControl(control);
}

void UISwitch::CopyDataFrom(UIControl* srcControl)
{
    //release default buttons - they have to be copied from srcControl
    buttonLeft = nullptr;
    buttonRight = nullptr;
    toggle = nullptr;

    UIControl::CopyDataFrom(srcControl);

    InitControls();
}

UISwitch* UISwitch::Clone()
{
    UISwitch* t = new UISwitch(GetRect());
    t->CopyDataFrom(this);
    return t;
}

void UISwitch::LoadFromYamlNodeCompleted()
{
    InitControls();
}

void UISwitch::Input(UIEvent* currentInput)
{
    if (toggle->IsAnimating(UISWITCH_MOVE_ANIMATION_TRACK))
    {
        return;
    }

    Vector2 touchPos = currentInput->point;
    if (currentInput->phase == UIEvent::Phase::BEGAN)
    {
        if (toggle->IsPointInside(touchPos))
        {
            dragAnchorX = touchPos.x - toggle->GetPosition().x;
            toggle->SetSelected(true);
        }
        else
        {
            dragAnchorX = UISWITCH_ANCHOR_UNDEFINED;
        }
    }
    else if (currentInput->phase == UIEvent::Phase::DRAG)
    {
        if (dragAnchorX < UISWITCH_ANCHOR_UNDEFINED)
        {
            CheckToggleSideChange(currentInput);

            float32 newToggleX = touchPos.x - dragAnchorX;
            float32 newToggleLeftEdge = newToggleX - toggle->GetPivotPoint().x;

            float32 leftBound = buttonLeft->GetPosition().x;
            float32 rightBound = buttonRight->GetPosition().x;
            Vector2 togglePos = toggle->GetPosition();
            if (newToggleLeftEdge < leftBound)
            {
                togglePos.x = GetToggleLeftPosition();
            }
            else if (newToggleLeftEdge + toggle->GetSize().dx > rightBound)
            {
                togglePos.x = GetToggleRightPosition();
            }
            else
            {
                togglePos.x = newToggleX;
            }
            toggle->SetPosition(togglePos);
        }
    }
    else if (currentInput->phase == UIEvent::Phase::ENDED || currentInput->phase == UIEvent::Phase::CANCELLED)
    {
        if (dragAnchorX < UISWITCH_ANCHOR_UNDEFINED)
        {
            CheckToggleSideChange(currentInput);
            toggle->SetSelected(false);
        }
        else if (switchOnTapBesideToggle)
        {
            InternalSetIsLeftSelected(!isLeftSelected, false, currentInput); //switch logical state immediately,
        }
        float32 toggleX = GetToggleUttermostPosition();

        bool causedByTap = dragAnchorX >= UISWITCH_ANCHOR_UNDEFINED;
        Animation* animation = new TogglePositionAnimation(causedByTap, this, &(toggle->relativePosition.x), toggleX, UISWITCH_SWITCH_ANIMATION_TIME, Interpolation::EASY_IN);
        animation->Start(UISWITCH_MOVE_ANIMATION_TRACK);
    }

    currentInput->SetInputHandledType(UIEvent::INPUT_HANDLED_HARD); // Drag is handled - see please DF-2508.
}

void UISwitch::SetIsLeftSelected(bool aIsLeftSelected)
{
    if (!buttonLeft.Valid() || !buttonRight.Valid() || !toggle.Valid())
    {
        return;
    }

    InternalSetIsLeftSelected(aIsLeftSelected, true);
    float32 toggleXPosition = GetToggleUttermostPosition();
    toggle->StopAnimations(UISWITCH_MOVE_ANIMATION_TRACK);
    toggle->SetPosition(Vector2(toggleXPosition, toggle->GetPosition().y));
}

void UISwitch::InternalSetIsLeftSelected(bool aIsLeftSelected, bool changeVisualState, UIEvent* inputEvent /*= NULL*/)
{
    bool prevIsLeftSelected = isLeftSelected;
    isLeftSelected = aIsLeftSelected;
    if (prevIsLeftSelected != isLeftSelected)
    {
        if (changeVisualState)
        {
            ChangeVisualState();
        }

        PerformEventWithData(EVENT_VALUE_CHANGED, inputEvent, inputEvent);
    }
}

void UISwitch::ChangeVisualState()
{
    buttonLeft->SetSelected(isLeftSelected);
    buttonRight->SetSelected(!isLeftSelected);
    SetSelected(!isLeftSelected);
    BringChildBack(isLeftSelected ? buttonLeft.Get() : buttonRight.Get());
}

float32 UISwitch::GetToggleUttermostPosition() const
{
    return isLeftSelected ? GetToggleLeftPosition() : GetToggleRightPosition();
}

float32 UISwitch::GetToggleLeftPosition() const
{
    return buttonLeft->GetPosition().x + toggle->GetPivotPoint().x;
}

float32 UISwitch::GetToggleRightPosition() const
{
    return buttonRight->GetPosition().x - toggle->GetSize().dx + toggle->GetPivotPoint().x;
}

void UISwitch::CheckToggleSideChange(UIEvent* inputEvent /*= NULL*/)
{
    float32 leftBound = buttonLeft->GetPosition().x;
    float32 rightBound = buttonRight->GetPosition().x;
    float32 toggleCenter = toggle->GetPosition().x - toggle->GetPivotPoint().x + toggle->GetSize().dx / 2;
    float32 toggleSpaceCenter = (leftBound + rightBound) / 2;
    InternalSetIsLeftSelected(toggleCenter < toggleSpaceCenter, true, inputEvent);
}
}


text:
Domino's, Ford To Test Driverless Pizza Delivery
Customers who agree to participate will be able to track the delivery vehicle via GPS using an upgraded version of Domino's Tracker, according to Domino's and Ford.
Post author By Tomorrow's Technician Staff
Post date Aug 29, 2017
No Comments on Domino's, Ford To Test Driverless Pizza Delivery
The majority of drivers might not be hungry for autonomous vehicles yet, but some residents of Ann Arbor, Mich., will get a taste of what it's like to have a self-driving vehicle deliver pizza to their homes.
Ann Arbor-based Domino's Pizza and Ford are launching what they're calling "an industry-first collaboration to understand the role that self-driving vehicles can play in pizza delivery."
Over the next few weeks, randomly selected Domino's customers in Ann Arbor will have the option to receive their delivery order from a Ford Fusion Hybrid autonomous research vehicle, which will be manually driven by a Ford safety engineer and staffed with researchers.
Customers who agree to participate will be able to track the delivery vehicle via GPS using an upgraded version of Domino's Tracker, according to Domino's and Ford. As the self-driving vehicle approaches, they also will receive text messages that will show them how to retrieve their pizza using a unique code to unlock the "Domino's Heatwave Compartment" inside the vehicle.
"We're interested to learn what people think about this type of delivery," said Russell Weiner, president of Domino's USA. "The majority of our questions are about the last 50 feet of the delivery experience. For instance, how will customers react to coming outside to get their food? We need to make sure the interface is clear and simple. We need to understand if a customer's experience is different if the car is parked in the driveway versus next to the curb. All of our testing research is focused on our goal to someday make deliveries with self-driving vehicles as seamless and customer-friendly as possible."
As both companies begin to examine perceptions of driverless food delivery, the research conducted in pilot projects such as this one will be important.
"As delivery experts, we've been watching the development of self-driving vehicles with great interest, as we believe transportation is undergoing fundamental, dramatic change," said Patrick Doyle, Domino's president and CEO. "We pride ourselves on being technology leaders and are excited to help lead research into how self-driving vehicles may play a role in the future of pizza delivery. This is the first step in an ongoing process of testing that we plan to undertake with Ford."
Local partner Roush Enterprises fabricated the prototype vehicle's pizza container, the Domino's Heatwave Compartment, based on its experience working with Domino's on the DXP delivery vehicle in 2015. Ford and Domino's completed preliminary testing of the delivery process using the vehicle in self-driving mode at Mcity, the simulated urban environment on the University of Michigan's campus. The city of Ann Arbor also has been supportive of the testing process, the companies noted.
"I'm delighted that Ann Arbor continues to be at the forefront of autonomous-vehicle research," said Ann Arbor Mayor Christopher Taylor. "While it's pizza delivery today, my hope is that collaborations such as this will enable even more innovations tomorrow."
Tags Domino's Pizza, Driverless cars, Ford, Lifestyle
By Tomorrow's Technician Staff
Tomorrow's Tech (TT) delivers technical information for servicing today's vehicles to more than 40,000 automotive students enrolled in more than 1,100 technical and vocational schools across the country.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Tag: Heather Smith
#PenguinIcebreakers
If you follow us on Instagram, you may have seen our #PenguinIcebreakers pop up over the past few months. We asked some of our favourite YA authors to answer a few questions to help us get to know them better – catch up with all the current Icebreakers now and get ready for more as we head into the new year!
A post shared by Penguin Teen Canada (@penguinteenca)
By Arvin Ahmadi
272 Pages | Ages 14+ | Hardcover
ISBN 9780593202876 | Viking BFYR
Eighteen-year-old Amir Azadi always knew coming out to his Muslim family would be messy — he just didn't think it would end in an airport interrogation room. But when faced with a failed relationship, bullies, and blackmail, running away to Rome is his only option. Right? Soon, late nights with new friends and dates in the Sistine Chapel start to feel like second nature . . . until his old life comes knocking on his door. Now, Amir has to tell the whole truth and nothing but the truth to a US Customs officer, or risk losing his hard-won freedom. At turns uplifting and devastating, How It All Blew Up is Arvin Ahmadi's most powerful novel yet, a celebration of how life's most painful moments can live alongside the riotous, life-changing joys of discovering who you are.
By Karen M. McManus
ISBN 9780525708001 | Delacorte BFYR
Milly, Aubrey, and Jonah Story are cousins, but they barely know each another, and they've never even met their grandmother. Rich and reclusive, she disinherited their parents before they were born. So when they each receive a letter inviting them to work at her island resort for the summer, they're surprised . . . and curious. Their parents are all clear on one point — not going is not an option. This could be the opportunity to get back into Grandmother's good graces. But when the cousins arrive on the island, it's immediately clear that she has different plans for them. And the longer they stay, the more they realize how mysterious — and dark — their family's past is. The entire Story family has secrets. Whatever pulled them apart years ago isn't over — and this summer, the cousins will learn everything.
This Coven Won't Break
By Isabel Sterling
ISBN 9780451480354 | Razorbill
Hannah Walsh just wants to finish high school. It's her senior year, so she should be focusing on classes, hanging out with her best friend, and flirting with her new girlfriend, Morgan. But it turns out surviving a murderous Witch Hunter doesn't exactly qualify as a summer vacation, and now the rest of the Hunters seem more intent on destroying her magic than ever. When Hannah learns the Hunters have gone nationwide, armed with a serum capable of taking out entire covens at once, she's desperate to help. Now, with witches across the country losing the most important thing they have — their power — Hannah could be their best shot at finally defeating the Hunters. After all, she's one of the only witches to escape a Hunter with her magic intact. Or so everyone believes. Because as good as she is at faking it, doing even the smallest bit of magic leaves her in agony.
Rayne & Delilah's Midnite Matinee
384 Pages | Ages 14+ | Paperback
ISBN 9780735263123 | Penguin Teen Canada
High school seniors and best friends Delia and Josie are two of the brightest stars on TV . . . TV Six, that is, the premiere public access cable station of Jackson, Tennessee. Every Saturday night the duo slip into their on-screen personas, Rayne Ravenscroft and Delilah Darkwood, to host the Midnite Matinee — an enthusiastic, if underwatched, creature feature that brings back the best, the bizarre and the usually zero-budget horror and sci-fi flicks of the 1950s and 60s. But with the end of senior year quickly approaching, the girls must face tough decisions about their futures. For Josie, that probably means leaving town for a big university, and chasing her dream career in mainstream TV. If only she didn't have to leave the show — and Delia — behind to get the life she wants. But the future isn't the only thing Josie feels guilty about. Soon she begins falling for the charismatic MMA fighter, Lawson, and her commitment to the show and Delia is pushed to its limits. As the line between growing up and growing apart blurs, Josie and Delia must test the bonds of friendship and learn that an uncertain future can be both monstrous . . . and momentous.
Lucy Crisp and the Vanishing House
By Janet Hill
ISBN 9781770499249 | Tundra Books
It has been a year since Lucy Crisp graduated from high school and she still hasn't found her calling. That is, until she discovers an exclusive arts college called Ladywyck Lodge. On a whim, she applies and is thrilled to be accepted into their program. Lucy moves to Esther Wren, the charming little town where it's based, and stays in the house her father buys as an investment: a magnificent building built by a sea captain in 1876. The house has history and personality — perhaps too much personality. . . Strange things start happening. Lucy hears voices and footsteps in empty rooms. She sees people and things that should not be there. Furniture disappears and elaborate desserts appear. What's worse is that the strange events are not restricted to her house. Lucy begins to understand that the town and its inhabitants are hiding many secrets, and Ladywyck is at the heart. As the eerie happenings escalate, Lucy fears she is being threatened — but she is determined not to let fairy potions, spells and talk of witchcraft scare her away.
A Phoenix First Must Burn
Edited by Patrice Caldwell
Evoking Beyoncé's Lemonade for a teen audience, these authors who are truly Octavia Butler's heirs, have woven worlds to create a stunning narrative that centers Black women and gender nonconforming individuals. A Phoenix First Must Burn will take you on a journey from folktales retold to futuristic societies and everything in between. Filled with stories of love and betrayal, strength and resistance, this collection contains an array of complex and true-to-life characters in which you cannot help but see yourself reflected. Witches and scientists, sisters and lovers, priestesses and rebels: the heroines of A Phoenix First Must Burn shine brightly. You will never forget them.
By Rory Power
ISBN 9780525645627 | Delacorte BFYREver since Margot was born, it's been just her and her mother. No answers to Margot's questions about what came before. No history to hold on to. No relative to speak of. Just the two of them, stuck in their run-down apartment, struggling to get along. But that's not enough for Margot. She wants family. She wants a past. And she just found the key she needs to get it: A photograph, pointing her to a town called Phalene. Pointing her home. Only, when Margot gets there, it's not what she bargained for. Margot's mother left for a reason. But was it to hide her past? Or was it to protect Margot from what's still there? The only thing Margot knows for sure is there's poison in their family tree, and their roots are dug so deeply into Phalene that now that she's there, she might never escape.
Girl Crushed
By Katie Heaney
ISBN 9781984897343 | Knopf BFYR
Before Quinn Ryan was in love with Jamie Rudawski, she loved Jamie Rudawski, who was her best friend. But when Jamie dumps Quinn a month before their senior year, Quinn is suddenly girlfriend-less and best friend-less. Enter a new crush: Ruby Ocampo, the gorgeous and rich lead singer of the popular band Sweets, who's just broken up with her on-again, off-again boyfriend. Quinn's always only wanted to be with Jamie, but if Jamie no longer wants to be with her, why can't Quinn go all in on Ruby? But the closer Quinn grows to Ruby, the more she misses Jamie, and the more (she thinks) Jamie misses her. Who says your first love can't be your second love, too?
Hunted by the Sky
By Tanaz Bhathena
384 Pages | Ages 12+| Hardcover
Gul has spent her life running. She has a star-shaped birthmark on her arm, and in the kingdom of Ambar, girls with such birthmarks have been disappearing for years. Gul's mark is what caused her parents' murder at the hand of King Lohar's ruthless soldiers and forced her into hiding to protect her own life. So when a group of rebel women called the Sisters of the Golden Lotus rescue her, take her in, and train her in warrior magic, Gul wants only one thing: revenge. Cavas lives in the tenements, and he's just about ready to sign his life over to the king's army. His father is terminally ill, and Cavas will do anything to save him. But sparks fly when he meets Gul in the capital's bazaar, and as the chemistry between them undeniably grows, he becomes entangled in a mission of vengeance — and discovers a magic he never expected to find. Dangerous circumstances have brought Gul and Cavas together at the king's domain in Ambar Fort . . . a world with secrets deadlier than their own.
A Game of Hope
By Sandra Gulland
Paris, 1798. Hortense de Beauharnais is engrossed in her studies at a boarding school for aristocratic girls, most of whom suffered tragic losses during the tumultuous days of the French Revolution. She loves to play and compose music, read and paint, and daydream about Christophe, her brother's dashing fellow officer. But Hortense is not an ordinary girl. Her beautiful, charming mother Josephine has married Napoleon Bonaparte, soon to become the most powerful man in France, but viewed by Hortense as a coarse, unworthy successor to her elegant father, who was guillotined during the Terror. Where will Hortense's future lie? Inspired by Hortense's real-life autobiography with charming glimpses of teen life long ago, this is the story of a girl chosen by fate to play a role she didn't choose.
A Good Girl's Guide to Murder
By Holly Jackson
ISBN 9781984896360 | Delacorte Press
Everyone in Fairview knows the story. Pretty and popular high school senior Andie Bell was murdered by her boyfriend, Sal Singh, who then killed himself. It was all anyone could talk about. And five years later, Pip sees how the tragedy still haunts her town. But she can't shake the feeling that there was more to what happened that day. She knew Sal when she was a child, and he was always so kind to her. How could he possibly have been a killer? Now a senior herself, Pip decides to reexamine the closed case for her final project, at first just to cast doubt on the original investigation. But soon she discovers a trail of dark secrets that might actually prove Sal innocent . . . and the line between past and present begins to blur. Someone in Fairview doesn't want Pip digging around for answers, and now her own life might be in danger.
The Grey Sisters
By Jo Treggiari
D and Spider have always been close friends, and they are further united in their shared heartbreak: they both lost siblings in a horrific plane crash two years earlier. A chance sighting of a beloved cuddly toy in a photograph of the only survivor spurs D to finally seek closure. She and Spider and their friend, Min, set off on a road trip to the mountainside site of that terrible crash. Ariel has lived on the mountain all her life. She and her extended family are looked down upon by neighboring townsfolk and she has learned to live by her wits, trusting few people outside of her isolated, survivalist community. A terrifying attack sends her down the mountain for help; on her way, she comes upon the three girls — a chance encounter that will have far-reaching consequences for them all.
He Must Like You
By Danielle Younge-Ullman
Libby's having a rough senior year. Her older brother absconded with his college money and is bartending on a Greek island. Her dad just told her she's got to pay for college herself, and he's evicting her when she graduates so he can AirBnB her room. A drunken hook-up with her coworker Kyle has left her upset and confused. So when Perry Ackerman, serial harasser and the most handsy customer at The Goat where she waitresses, pushes her over the edge, she can hardly be blamed for dumping a pitcher of sangria on his head. Unfortunately, Perry is a local industry hero, the restaurant's most important customer and Libby's mom's boss. Now Libby has to navigate the fallout of her outburst, find an apartment and deal with her increasing rage at the guys who've screwed up her life — and her increasing crush on the one guy who truly gets her. As timely as it is timeless, He Must Like You is a story about consent, rage, and revenge, and the potential we all have to be better people.
Barry Squires, Full Tilt
By Heather T. Smith
It's 1995. When the Full Tilt Dancers give an inspiring performance at the opening of the new bingo hall, twelve-year-old Finbar (Barry) Squires wants desperately to join the troupe. Led by Father O'Flaherty, the Full Tilt Irish Step Dancers are the most sought-after act in St. John's, Newfoundland (closely followed by popular bagpiper, Alfie Bragg and his Agony Bag). Having watched Riverdance twice, Barry figures he'll nail the audition. And good thing too — it'd be nice to be known for something other than the port wine stain on his cheek. With questionable talent and an unpredictable temper, Barry's journey to stardom is jeopardized by his parents' refusal to take his dreams seriously. Thankfully, Barry has the support of a lively cast of characters: his ever-present grandmother, Nanny Squires; his adorable baby brother, Gord; an old British rocker named Uneven Steven; a group of geriatrics from the One Step Closer to God Nursing Home; and Saibal, a friend with whom Barry gets up to no good.
By Frederick Joseph
ISBN 9781536217018 | Candlewick
For Frederick Joseph, life as a transfer student in a largely white high school was full of wince-worthy moments that he often simply let go. As he grew older, however, he saw these as missed opportunities not only to stand up for himself, but to spread awareness to those white people who didn't see the negative impact they were having. Speaking directly to the reader, The Black Friend calls up race-related anecdotes from the author's past, weaving in his thoughts on why they were hurtful and how he might handle things differently now. Touching on everything from cultural appropriation to power dynamics, "reverse racism" to white privilege, microaggressions to the tragic results of overt racism, this book serves as conversation starter, tool kit, and invaluable window into the life of a former "token Black kid" who now presents himself as the friend many readers need. Backmatter includes an encyclopedia of racism, providing details on relevant historical events, terminology, and more.
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The Globe 100: Our Favourite Books of 2020
Every year, the reviewers and editors at the Globe and Mail put together their list of notable books called The Globe 100 and we're so happy to see some of our titles were included! Congratulations to our creators!
All the Days Past, All the Days to Come
By Mildred D. Taylor
In her tenth book, Mildred Taylor completes her sweeping saga about the Logan family of Mississippi, which is also the story of the civil rights movement in America of the 20th century. Cassie Logan, first met in Song of the Trees and Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry, is a young woman now, searching for her place in the world, a journey that takes her from Toledo to California, to law school in Boston, and, ultimately, in the 60s, home to Mississippi to participate in voter registration. She is witness to the now-historic events of the century: the Great Migration north, the rise of the civil rights movement, preceded and precipitated by the racist society of America, and the often violent confrontations that brought about change. Rich, compelling storytelling is Ms. Taylor's hallmark, and she fulfills expectations as she brings to a close the stirring family story that has absorbed her for over forty years. It is a story she was born to tell.
I Talk Like a River
By Jordan Scott
Illustrated by Sydney Smith
40 Pages | Ages 4-8 | Hardcover
ISBN 9780823445592 | Neal Porter Books
When a boy who stutters feels isolated, alone, and incapable of communicating in the way he'd like, it takes a kindly father and a walk by the river to help him find his voice. Compassionate parents everywhere will instantly recognize a father's ability to reconnect a child with the world around him. Poet Jordan Scott writes movingly in this powerful and ultimately uplifting book, based on his own experience, and masterfully illustrated by Greenaway Medalist Sydney Smith. A book for any child who feels lost, lonely, or unable to fit in.
By Rebecca Stead
224 Pages | Ages 8-12 | Hardcover
ISBN 9781101938096 | Wendy Lamb Books
After her parents' divorce, Bea's life became different in many ways. But she can always look back at the list she keeps in her green notebook to remember the things that will stay the same. The first and most important: Mom and Dad will always love Bea, and each other. When Dad tells Bea that he and his boyfriend, Jesse, are getting married, Bea is thrilled. Bea loves Jesse, and when he and Dad get married, she'll finally (finally!) have what she's always wanted – a sister. Even though she's never met Jesse's daughter, Sonia, Bea is sure that they'll be "just like sisters anywhere." As the wedding day approaches, Bea will learn that making a new family brings questions, surprises, and joy, and readers will discover why the New York Times called Rebecca Stead a "writer of great feeling."
By Trung Le Nguyen
ISBN 9780593125298 | Random House Graphic
Real life isn't a fairytale. But Tiến still enjoys reading his favorite stories with his parents from the books he borrows from the local library. It's hard enough trying to communicate with your parents as a kid, but for Tiến, he doesn't even have the right words because his parents are struggling with their English. Is there a Vietnamese word for what he's going through? Is there a way to tell them he's gay? A beautifully illustrated story by Trung Le Nguyen that follows a young boy as he tries to navigate life through fairytales, an instant classic that shows us how we are all connected.
By Jenny Torres Sanchez
ISBN 9781984812261 | Philomel BFYR
Pulga has his dreams. Chico has his grief. Pequeña has her pride. And these three teens have one another. But none of them have illusions about the town they've grown up in and the dangers that surround them. Even with the love of family, threats lurk around every corner. And when those threats become all too real, the trio knows they have no choice but to run: from their country, from their families, from their beloved home. Crossing from Guatemala through Mexico, they follow the route of La Bestia, the perilous train system that might deliver them to a better life–if they are lucky enough to survive the journey. With nothing but the bags on their backs and desperation drumming through their hearts, Pulga, Chico, and Pequeña know there is no turning back, despite the unknown that awaits them. And the darkness that seems to follow wherever they go. In this striking portrait of lives torn apart, the plight of migrants at the U.S. southern border is brought to light through poignant, vivid storytelling. An epic journey of danger, resilience, heartache, and hope.
By Carrie Mac
Annie and Pete have been best friends since they were little. They know each other better than anyone, and they've been on more adventures than they can count–they even have a notebook filled with all the times they've almost died. But they always survive, because together, they're invincible. And they've always been just friends. But lately, Annie has been thinking that maybe friendship is just the beginning, and she's been mentally replaying all the times they were almost something more. Now they're heading out on their next great quest: a ten-day backpacking trip through the mountains of Washington State, ending at Fire Camp, where they'll learn to fight the area's growing wildfire problem. The woods spark with the promise of adventure, but a freak climbing accident interrupts their progress, and as the wildfires close in and smoke envelops them, Annie and Pete wander farther from the trail. Carrie Mac's gripping story of the power of unrequited love and the danger of the elements is harrowing, beautiful, and unforgettable.
Posted on December 14, 2020 November 13, 2020
Holiday Spotlight: Puffin Canada and Penguin Teen Canada
Here at Penguin Random House Canada Young Readers, we're lucky to work with so many different lists. This holiday season, we'll be highlighting each one with a dedicated post to help you find the perfect gift (or your next read). Today's post is all about Puffin Canada and Penguin Teen Canada.
By Sheena Kamal
Love and violence. In some families they're bound up together, dysfunctional and poisonous, passed from generation to generation like eye color or a quirk of smile. Trisha's trying to break the chain, channeling her violent impulses into Muay Thai kickboxing, an unlikely sport for a slightly built girl of Trinidadian descent. Her father comes and goes as he pleases, his presence adding a layer of tension to the Toronto east-end townhouse that Trisha and her mom call home, every punch he lands on her mother carving itself indelibly into Trisha's mind. Until the night he wanders out drunk in front of the car Trisha is driving, practicing on her learner's permit, her mother in the passenger seat. Her father is killed, and her mother seems strangely at peace. Lighter, somehow. Trisha doesn't know exactly what happened that night, but she's afraid it's going to happen again. Her mom has a new man in her life and the patterns, they are repeating.
Gul has spent her life running. She has a star-shaped birthmark on her arm, and in the kingdom of Ambar, girls with such birthmarks have been disappearing for years. Gul's mark is what caused her parents' murder at the hand of King Lohar's ruthless soldiers and forced her into hiding to protect her own life. So when a group of rebel women called the Sisters of the Golden Lotus rescue her, take her in, and train her in warrior magic, Gul wants only one thing: revenge. Cavas lives in the tenements, and he's just about ready to sign his life over to the king's army. His father is terminally ill, and Cavas will do anything to save him. But sparks fly when he meets a mysterious girl — Gul — in the capital's bazaar, and as the chemistry between them undeniably grows, he becomes entangled in a mission of vengeance — and discovers a magic he never expected to find. Dangerous circumstances have brought Gul and Cavas together at the king's domain in Ambar Fort . . . a world with secrets deadlier than their own. Exploring identity, class struggles, and high-stakes romance, Hunted by the Sky is a gripping adventure set in a world inspired by medieval India.
Me and Banksy
By Tanya Lloyd Kyi
ISBN 9780735266919 | Puffin Canada
Dominica's private school is covered in cameras, and someone is hacking into them and posting embarrassing moments for the whole school to see. Like Ana picking her nose. When Dominica quickly changes her shirt from inside out in what she thinks is the privacy of a quiet corner in the library, she's shocked — and embarrassed — to discover a video has captured this and is currently circulating amongst her schoolmates. So mortifying, especially since over the past three years, they've had a half-dozen school talks about social media safety. Who has access to the school security cameras and why are they doing this? Dominica and her best friends, Holden and Saanvi, are determined to find out, and in the process start an art-based student campaign against cameras in the classroom.
By Polly Horvath
From Newbery Honor and National Book Award-winning author Polly Horvath comes a story of four sisters searching for home. Fiona, Marlin, Natasha, and Charlie McCready are left on their own when their missionary parents are washed away in a tsunami. Fortunately, their great aunt Martha volunteers to have them live with her on her farm in British Columbia. But while they are traveling there, Martha dies unexpectedly, forcing Fiona, the eldest, to come up with a scheme to keep social services from separating the girls — a scheme that will only work if no one knows they are living on their own. Fiona approaches their grouchy and indifferent neighbor Al and asks if he will pretend to be their live-in legal guardian should papers need to be signed or if anyone comes snooping around. He reluctantly agrees, under the condition that they bring him dinner every night. As weeks pass, Fiona takes on more and more adult responsibilities, while each of the younger girls finds their own special role in their atypical family. But even if things seem to be falling into place, Fiona can't help but worry that it is only a matter of time before they are caught. What she needs to do is find them a real guardian.
Red Fox Road
By Frances Greenslade
248 Pages | Ages 10-14 | Hardcover
Francie and her parents are on a spring road trip: driving from British Columbia, Canada, to hike in the Grand Canyon. When a shortcut leads them down an old logging road, disaster strikes. Their truck hits a rock and wipes out the oil pan. They are stuck in the middle of nowhere. Francie can't help feeling a little excited — she'd often imagined how she'd survive if she got stranded in the bush, and now here they are. But will her survival skills — building fires, gathering dandelion leaves and fir needles for tea — be enough when hours stretch into days?
The Barren Grounds
By David A. Robertson
Morgan and Eli, two Indigenous children forced away from their families and communities, are brought together in a foster home in Winnipeg, Manitoba. They each feel disconnected, from their culture and each other, and struggle to fit in at school and at their new home – until they find a secret place, walled off in an unfinished attic bedroom. A portal opens to another reality, Askí, bringing them onto frozen, barren grounds, where they meet Ochek (Fisher). The only hunter supporting his starving community, Misewa, Ochek welcomes the human children, teaching them traditional ways to survive. But as the need for food becomes desperate, they embark on a dangerous mission. Accompanied by Arik, a sassy Squirrel they catch stealing from the trapline, they try to save Misewa before the icy grip of winter freezes everything — including them.
The Fabled Stables: Willa and the Wisp
By Jonathan Auxier
Auggie Pound is eight years old and has the greatest job of all time: he cares for all the animals in the Fabled Stables. The Fabled Stables house the rarest creatures in existence — all of them one-of-a-kind. Auggie's job is to care for these creatures, as well as track down and safely capture endangered magical beasts in the wild. Some mornings, he arrives to find an empty stall with the name of a new creature to rescue. One day, the Stables rearrange themselves out of the blue, creating a new stall. The sign over the gate says, "Wisp." But what is a wisp and where is it? All Auggie can see is a moonlit swamp stretching out before him. Then a hungry HOWLLLLLLL rings out in the darkness. It's up to Auggie to go into the swamp to find the wisp before it's too late.
The Gryphon's Lair
By Kelley Armstrong
Rowan is now the Royal Monster Hunter, and her twin brother, Rhydd, is destined to be king. But her mother's cousin Heward is still determined that his children be the ones to inherit the titles, and will stop at nothing to show that Rowan and Rhydd are too immature to properly lead. After the gryphon that Rowan captured in Book One gives birth but then dies, Rowan is left with a baby gryphon she knows she cannot keep. And it grows faster than anyone can imagine. . . . In order to save face after an accident involving the troublesome gryphon, Rowan, with the help of her friends Dain and Alianor, along with an entourage of monstrous companions, must make a journey to the mountains to release the gryphon back into the wild. What starts off as a simple enough task soon becomes a dangerous quest, as the group encounters numerous rare and deadly monsters along the way, including wyverns and ceffyl-dwrs. Nothing is easy when you're a "monster magnet" like Rowan. Can she prove herself worthy of the title of Royal Monster Hunter?
Tuesdays with Tundra
Tuesdays with Tundra is an ongoing series featuring our new releases. The following books are now available in stores and online!
Bobby Orr and the Hand-Me-Down Skates
By Kara Kootstra and Bobby Orr
Illustrated by Jennifer Phelan
Bobby eats, sleeps and breathes hockey. So when his birthday is coming up, he only wants one thing: new skates. He's seen the exact pair he wants in the shop window: sparkling blades, shiny leather, clean new laces tied in perfect bows. But when Bobby opens his gift, he's dismayed to find hand-me-down skates: scuffed leather, nicked blades, floppy laces. Once Bobby breaks them in, though, he and the hand-me-down skates become inseparable, and he can't imagine life without them . . . until the brand-new skates come into his life. How can he leave his hand-me-down skates behind? Log Driver's Waltz illustrator Jennifer Phelan brings this classic story to life with timeless, gorgeous art, and Kara Kootsra's words evoke the joy and dedication that Bobby Orr brought to his favorite sport. A perfect gift for readers and fans big and small, this book is destined to be a classic that is reached for time and time again.
Aggie Morton, Mystery Queen: Peril at Owl Park
By Marthe Jocelyn
Illustrated by Isabelle Follath
Aspiring writer Aggie Morton is looking forward to Christmas. Having just solved a murder and survived her own brush with death in her small town of Torquay on the coast of England, Aggie can't wait to spend the holidays with her sister Marjorie, the new Lady Greyson of Owl Park, an enormous manor house in the country; Grannie Jane and her fellow sleuth and partner in crime, Hector Perot. Owl Park holds many delights including Aggie's almost cousin Lucy, exciting and glamorous visitors from Ceylon and disguises aplenty in the form of a group of travelling actors, not to mention a secret passageway AND an enormous, cursed emerald. Not even glowering old Lady Greyson (the Senior) can interfere with Aggie's festive cheer. But when Aggie and her friends discover a body instead of presents on Christmas morning, things take a deadly serious turn. With the help of a certain nosy reporter, Aggie and Hector will once again have to put their deductive skills and imaginations to work to find the murderer on the loose. Filled with mystery, adventure, unforgettable characters and several helpings of tea and Christmas pudding, Peril at Owl Park is the second book in a new series for middle-grade readers and Christie and Poirot fans everywhere.
Now available in paperback:
Chicken Girl
Poppy used to be an optimist. But after a photo of her dressed as Rosie the Riveter is mocked online, she's having trouble seeing the good in the world. As a result, Poppy trades her beloved vintage clothes for a feathered chicken costume and accepts a job as an anonymous sign waver outside a restaurant. There, Poppy meets six-year-old girl Miracle, who helps Poppy see beyond her own pain, opening her eyes to the people around her: Cam, her twin brother, who is adjusting to life as an openly gay teen; Buck, a charming photographer with a cute British accent and a not-so-cute mean-streak; and Lewis a teen caring for an ailing parent, while struggling to reach the final stages of his gender transition. As the summer unfolds, Poppy stops glorifying the past and starts focusing on the present. But just as she comes to terms with the fact that there is good and bad in everyone, she is tested by a deep betrayal.
We can't wait to see you reading these! If you share these books online, remember to use #ReadTundra in your hashtags so that we can re-post.
Penguin Teen Canada Trivia Night: Love is Love is Love
This fall, we're testing our general knowledge and hanging out with some of our fave authors in a three-part trivia series! Join us for the first one on Wednesday, September 30th at 7pm EST on Zoom. We'll be joined by Heather Smith (Barry Squires, Full Tilt), Arvin Ahmadi (How it All Blew Up), and Danielle Younge-Ullman (He Must Like You) who will be asking questions about dancing, Italy, and restaurants. RSVP here and we'll "see" you there!
272 Pages | Ages 14+
ISBN 9780593202876 | Viking Books for Young Readers
Eighteen-year-old Amir Azadi always knew coming out to his Muslim family would be messy–he just didn't think it would end in an airport interrogation room. But when faced with a failed relationship, bullies, and blackmail, running away to Rome is his only option. Right?
Soon, late nights with new friends and dates in the Sistine Chapel start to feel like second nature… until his old life comes knocking on his door. Now, Amir has to tell the whole truth and nothing but the truth to a US Customs officer, or risk losing his hard-won freedom.
At turns uplifting and devastating, How It All Blew Up is Arvin Ahmadi's most powerful novel yet, a celebration of how life's most painful moments can live alongside the riotous, life-changing joys of discovering who you are..
Libby's having a rough senior year. Her older brother absconded with his college money and is bartending on a Greek island. Her dad just told her she's got to pay for college herself, and he's evicting her when she graduates so he can AirBnB her room. A drunken hook-up with her coworker Kyle has left her upset and confused. So when Perry Ackerman, serial harasser and the most handsy customer at The Goat where she waitresses, pushes her over the edge, she can hardly be blamed for dumping a pitcher of sangria on his head. Unfortunately, Perry is a local industry hero, the restaurant's most important customer and Libby's mom's boss. Now Libby has to navigate the fallout of her outburst, find an apartment and deal with her increasing rage at the guys who've screwed up her life–and her increasing crush on the one guy who truly gets her. As timely as it is timeless, He Must Like You is a story about consent, rage, and revenge, and the potential we all have to be better people.
Questions or concerns? Follow us on Twitter or email us at YoungReaders@penguinrandomhouse.com!
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The topseller saddle cloth from Eskadron now with Glossy upper fabric and voluminous 'Big Square' quiliting. With its double cords and vertical Crystal emblems on both sides this saddle cloth is the fine eyecatcher of the collection and fits perfectly to the Fleece Crystal Stripe sweat rug. The inside is made of a Cool-Dry lining. Limited Edition!


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The Quran: 1. Al-Faatiha [7]2. Al-Baqara [286]3. Aal-i-Imraan [200]4. An-Nisaa [176]5. Al-Maaida [120]6. Al-An'aam [165]7. Al-A'raaf [206]8. Al-Anfaal [75]9. At-Tawba [129]10. Yunus [109]11. Hud [123]12. Yusuf [111]13. Ar-Ra'd [43]14. Ibrahim [52]15. Al-Hijr [99]16. An-Nahl [128]17. Al-Israa [111]18. Al-Kahf [110]19. Maryam [98]20. Taa-Haa [135]21. Al-Anbiyaa [112]22. Al-Hajj [78]23. Al-Muminoon [118]24. An-Noor [64]25. Al-Furqaan [77]26. Ash-Shu'araa [227]27. An-Naml [93]28. Al-Qasas [88]29. Al-Ankaboot [69]30. Ar-Room [60]31. Luqman [34]32. As-Sajda [30]33. Al-Ahzaab [73]34. Saba [54]35. Faatir [45]36. Yaseen [83]37. As-Saaffaat [182]38. Saad [88]39. Az-Zumar [75]40. Ghafir [85]41. Fussilat [54]42. Ash-Shura [53]43. Az-Zukhruf [89]44. Ad-Dukhaan [59]45. Al-Jaathiya [37]46. Al-Ahqaf [35]47. Muhammad [38]48. Al-Fath [29]49. Al-Hujuraat [18]50. Qaaf [45]51. Adh-Dhaariyat [60]52. At-Tur [49]53. An-Najm [62]54. Al-Qamar [55]55. Ar-Rahmaan [78]56. Al-Waaqia [96]57. Al-Hadid [29]58. Al-Mujaadila [22]59. Al-Hashr [24]60. Al-Mumtahana [13]61. As-Saff [14]62. Al-Jumu'a [11]63. Al-Munaafiqoon [11]64. At-Taghaabun [18]65. At-Talaaq [12]66. At-Tahrim [12]67. Al-Mulk [30]68. Al-Qalam [52]69. Al-Haaqqa [52]70. Al-Ma'aarij [44]71. Nooh [28]72. Al-Jinn [28]73. Al-Muzzammil [20]74. Al-Muddaththir [56]75. Al-Qiyaama [40]76. Al-Insaan [31]77. Al-Mursalaat [50]78. An-Naba [40]79. An-Naazi'aat [46]80. Abasa [42]81. At-Takwir [29]82. Al-Infitaar [19]83. Al-Mutaffifin [36]84. Al-Inshiqaaq [25]85. Al-Burooj [22]86. At-Taariq [17]87. Al-A'laa [19]88. Al-Ghaashiya [26]89. Al-Fajr [30]90. Al-Balad [20]91. Ash-Shams [15]92. Al-Lail [21]93. Ad-Dhuhaa [11]94. Ash-Sharh [8]95. At-Tin [8]96. Al-Alaq [19]97. Al-Qadr [5]98. Al-Bayyina [8]99. Az-Zalzala [8]100. Al-Aadiyaat [11]101. Al-Qaari'a [11]102. At-Takaathur [8]103. Al-Asr [3]104. Al-Humaza [9]105. Al-Fil [5]106. Quraish [4]107. Al-Maa'un [7]108. Al-Kawthar [3]109. Al-Kaafiroon [6]110. An-Nasr [3]111. Al-Masad [5]112. Al-Ikhlaas [4]113. Al-Falaq [5]114. An-Naas [6]
Arabic (simple script)Arabic (Uthmani style 1)Arabic (Uthmani style 2)Arabic imagesAbdullah Yusuf Ali - EnglishMuhammad Habib Shakir - EnglishMuhammad Pickthal - EnglishMohsin Khan - EnglishSaheeh International - EnglishTransliteration - EnglishUrdu (Ahmed Ali)Urdu (Jalandhry)Farsi (Hussain Ansarian)French (Muhammad Hamidullah)Spanish (Julio Cortes)IndonesianMalayGerman (Bubenheim & Elyas)Russian (Elmir Kuliev)Bosnian (Besim Korkut)Dutch (Dr. Salomo Keyzer)Italian (Hamza Roberto Piccardo)Portuguese (Prof. Samir El-Hayek)Arabic Tafsir (Jalal ad-Din)Arabic Tafsir (King Fahad Quran Complex)
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23. Al-Muminoon | 118 verses | The Believers | Meccan
Search | Recitation | Topics | Uthmani Script | Words | Quran Teacher
Certainly will the believers have succeeded:
They who are during their prayer humbly submissive
And they who turn away from ill speech
And they who are observant of zakah
And they who guard their private parts
Except from their wives or those their right hands possess, for indeed, they will not be blamed -
But whoever seeks beyond that, then those are the transgressors -
And they who are to their trusts and their promises attentive
And they who carefully maintain their prayers -
Those are the inheritors
Who will inherit al-Firdaus. They will abide therein eternally.
And certainly did We create man from an extract of clay.
Then We placed him as a sperm-drop in a firm lodging.
Then We made the sperm-drop into a clinging clot, and We made the clot into a lump [of flesh], and We made [from] the lump, bones, and We covered the bones with flesh; then We developed him into another creation. So blessed is Allah, the best of creators.
Then indeed, after that you are to die.
Then indeed you, on the Day of Resurrection, will be resurrected.
And We have created above you seven layered heavens, and never have We been of [Our] creation unaware.
And We have sent down rain from the sky in a measured amount and settled it in the earth. And indeed, We are Able to take it away.
And We brought forth for you thereby gardens of palm trees and grapevines in which for you are abundant fruits and from which you eat.
And [We brought forth] a tree issuing from Mount Sinai which produces oil and food for those who eat.
And indeed, for you in livestock is a lesson. We give you drink from that which is in their bellies, and for you in them are numerous benefits, and from them you eat.
And upon them and on ships you are carried.
And We had certainly sent Noah to his people, and he said, "O my people, worship Allah; you have no deity other than Him; then will you not fear Him?"
But the eminent among those who disbelieved from his people said, "This is not but a man like yourselves who wishes to take precedence over you; and if Allah had willed [to send a messenger], He would have sent down angels. We have not heard of this among our forefathers.
He is not but a man possessed with madness, so wait concerning him for a time."
[Noah] said, "My Lord, support me because they have denied me."
So We inspired to him, "Construct the ship under Our observation, and Our inspiration, and when Our command comes and the oven overflows, put into the ship from each [creature] two mates and your family, except those for whom the decree [of destruction] has proceeded. And do not address Me concerning those who have wronged; indeed, they are to be drowned.
And when you have boarded the ship, you and those with you, then say, 'Praise to Allah who has saved us from the wrongdoing people.'
And say, 'My Lord, let me land at a blessed landing place, and You are the best to accommodate [us].' "
Indeed in that are signs, and indeed, We are ever testing [Our servants].
Then We produced after them a generation of others.
And We sent among them a messenger from themselves, [saying], "Worship Allah; you have no deity other than Him; then will you not fear Him?"
And the eminent among his people who disbelieved and denied the meeting of the Hereafter while We had given them luxury in the worldly life said, "This is not but a man like yourselves. He eats of that from which you eat and drinks of what you drink.
And if you should obey a man like yourselves, indeed, you would then be losers.
Does he promise you that when you have died and become dust and bones that you will be brought forth [once more]?
How far, how far, is that which you are promised.
Life is not but our worldly life - we die and live, but we will not be resurrected.
He is not but a man who has invented a lie about Allah, and we will not believe him."
He said, "My Lord, support me because they have denied me."
[Allah] said, "After a little, they will surely become regretful."
So the shriek seized them in truth, and We made them as [plant] stubble. Then away with the wrongdoing people.
Then We produced after them other generations.
No nation will precede its time [of termination], nor will they remain [thereafter].
Then We sent Our messengers in succession. Every time there came to a nation its messenger, they denied him, so We made them follow one another [to destruction], and We made them narrations. So away with a people who do not believe.
Then We sent Moses and his brother Aaron with Our signs and a clear authority
To Pharaoh and his establishment, but they were arrogant and were a haughty people.
They said, "Should we believe two men like ourselves while their people are for us in servitude?"
So they denied them and were of those destroyed.
And We certainly gave Moses the Scripture that perhaps they would be guided.
And We made the son of Mary and his mother a sign and sheltered them within a high ground having level [areas] and flowing water.
[Allah said], "O messengers, eat from the good foods and work righteousness. Indeed, I, of what you do, am Knowing.
And indeed this, your religion, is one religion, and I am your Lord, so fear Me."
But the people divided their religion among them into sects - each faction, in what it has, rejoicing.
So leave them in their confusion for a time.
Do they think that what We extend to them of wealth and children
Is [because] We hasten for them good things? Rather, they do not perceive.
Indeed, they who are apprehensive from fear of their Lord
And they who believe in the signs of their Lord
And they who do not associate anything with their Lord
And they who give what they give while their hearts are fearful because they will be returning to their Lord -
It is those who hasten to good deeds, and they outstrip [others] therein.
And We charge no soul except [with that within] its capacity, and with Us is a record which speaks with truth; and they will not be wronged.
But their hearts are covered with confusion over this, and they have [evil] deeds besides disbelief which they are doing,
Until when We seize their affluent ones with punishment, at once they are crying [to Allah] for help.
Do not cry out today. Indeed, by Us you will not be helped.
My verses had already been recited to you, but you were turning back on your heels
In arrogance regarding it, conversing by night, speaking evil.
Then have they not reflected over the Qur'an, or has there come to them that which had not come to their forefathers?
Or did they not know their Messenger, so they are toward him disacknowledging?
Or do they say, "In him is madness?" Rather, he brought them the truth, but most of them, to the truth, are averse.
But if the Truth had followed their inclinations, the heavens and the earth and whoever is in them would have been ruined. Rather, We have brought them their message, but they, from their message, are turning away.
Or do you, [O Muhammad], ask them for payment? But the reward of your Lord is best, and He is the best of providers.
And indeed, you invite them to a straight path.
But indeed, those who do not believe in the Hereafter are deviating from the path.
And even if We gave them mercy and removed what was upon them of affliction, they would persist in their transgression, wandering blindly.
And We had gripped them with suffering [as a warning], but they did not yield to their Lord, nor did they humbly supplicate, [and will continue thus]
Until when We have opened before them a door of severe punishment, immediately they will be therein in despair.
And it is He who produced for you hearing and vision and hearts; little are you grateful.
And it is He who has multiplied you throughout the earth, and to Him you will be gathered.
And it is He who gives life and causes death, and His is the alternation of the night and the day. Then will you not reason?
Rather, they say like what the former peoples said.
They said, "When we have died and become dust and bones, are we indeed to be resurrected?
We have been promised this, we and our forefathers, before; this is not but legends of the former peoples."
Say, [O Muhammad], "To whom belongs the earth and whoever is in it, if you should know?"
They will say, "To Allah." Say, "Then will you not remember?"
Say, "Who is Lord of the seven heavens and Lord of the Great Throne?"
They will say, "[They belong] to Allah." Say, "Then will you not fear Him?"
Say, "In whose hand is the realm of all things - and He protects while none can protect against Him - if you should know?"
They will say, "[All belongs] to Allah." Say, "Then how are you deluded?"
Rather, We have brought them the truth, and indeed they are liars.
Allah has not taken any son, nor has there ever been with Him any deity. [If there had been], then each deity would have taken what it created, and some of them would have sought to overcome others. Exalted is Allah above what they describe [concerning Him].
[He is] Knower of the unseen and the witnessed, so high is He above what they associate [with Him].
Say, [O Muhammad], "My Lord, if You should show me that which they are promised,
My Lord, then do not place me among the wrongdoing people."
And indeed, We are able to show you what We have promised them.
Repel, by [means of] what is best, [their] evil. We are most knowing of what they describe.
And say, "My Lord, I seek refuge in You from the incitements of the devils,
And I seek refuge in You, my Lord, lest they be present with me."
[For such is the state of the disbelievers], until, when death comes to one of them, he says, "My Lord, send me back
That I might do righteousness in that which I left behind." No! It is only a word he is saying; and behind them is a barrier until the Day they are resurrected.
So when the Horn is blown, no relationship will there be among them that Day, nor will they ask about one another.
And those whose scales are heavy [with good deeds] - it is they who are the successful.
But those whose scales are light - those are the ones who have lost their souls, [being] in Hell, abiding eternally.
The Fire will sear their faces, and they therein will have taut smiles.
[It will be said]. "Were not My verses recited to you and you used to deny them?"
They will say, "Our Lord, our wretchedness overcame us, and we were a people astray.
Our Lord, remove us from it, and if we were to return [to evil], we would indeed be wrongdoers."
He will say, "Remain despised therein and do not speak to Me.
Indeed, there was a party of My servants who said, 'Our Lord, we have believed, so forgive us and have mercy upon us, and You are the best of the merciful.'
But you took them in mockery to the point that they made you forget My remembrance, and you used to laugh at them.
Indeed, I have rewarded them this Day for their patient endurance - that they are the attainers [of success]."
[Allah] will say, "How long did you remain on earth in number of years?"
They will say, "We remained a day or part of a day; ask those who enumerate."
He will say, "You stayed not but a little - if only you had known.
Then did you think that We created you uselessly and that to Us you would not be returned?"
So exalted is Allah, the Sovereign, the Truth; there is no deity except Him, Lord of the Noble Throne.
And whoever invokes besides Allah another deity for which he has no proof - then his account is only with his Lord. Indeed, the disbelievers will not succeed.
And, [O Muhammad], say, "My Lord, forgive and have mercy, and You are the best of the merciful."
Listen Quran Recitation
Mishary Rashed al-Efasy
Prophet's Mosque (4 Reciters)
Mohammed Siddiq Al Minshawy
Muhammad Aiyub
Sodais and Shuraim


text:
Die mystische Hochzeit ist ein Motiv der jüdisch-christlichen Literatur, Theologie und Kunst. Die religiöse Vorstellung einer Vereinigung von Gott und Mensch (unio mystica) wird unter dem Bild der Verlobung und Vermählung gedacht und dargestellt. Im Gegensatz zur Hochzeit zweier Götter (Hierogamie) handelt es sich bei der weiblichen Seite der mystischen Hochzeit um eine irdische Braut.

In der frühen christlichen und in der rabbinischen Literatur entwickelte sich aus Kommentaren zum Hohenlied das Bild der Vermählung Zions, der Kirche, der einzelnen Seele oder einer gottgeweihten Jungfrau mit Gott bzw. dem Messias.

Die Brautsymbolik der Propheten des Alten Testaments ergänzte diese Hochzeitsmystik. In der Kabbala ist die Rede davon, dass eine weibliche Manifestation Gottes, die Schechina, unter die Menschen ausgeht und es zu einer Vereinigungssehnsucht der Menschen mit Gott kommt. Im Neuen Testament ist von Jesus Christus als dem Bräutigam die Rede. Es entstand auf diese Weise im Mittelalter eine Theologie und Frömmigkeit, in der eine Vermählung der allegorischen Braut mit Gott angestrebt wurde.

Bereits in frühchristlicher Zeit war es üblich, Jungfrauen zu weihen, die Christus mystisch anverlobt und für den Dienst der Kirche bestimmt wurden. Es bildete sich im Laufe der Zeit der Ritus der Jungfrauenweihe heraus, der sich in der lateinischen Kirche und den Ostkirchen erhalten hat. Ikonographisch vielfältig zeigen sich künstlerische Darstellungen, die die mystische Anverlobung heiliger Jungfrauen mit Christus nachempfunden haben. In Musik und Literatur wird die Brautmystik bis heute immer wieder weiter entfaltet.

Nachbiblische Kommentare und Überlieferung

Brautmystik in den Kommentaren zum Hohelied

Das Hohelied ist eine liebeslyrische Schrift der biblischen Weisheitsliteratur. In diesem erotischen Wechselgesang wird eine Liebesbeziehung zwischen einer jungen Frau und dem König Salomo geschildert, der auch als Autor der Schrift genannt wird. Im Hellenismus wurde das erotische Lied allegorisch überhöht, eine Tendenz, die das ganze Mittelalter anhielt und erst bei Johann Gottfried Herder durchbrochen wurde. Vorher lehnten die Kommentatoren fast alle eine weltliche, wörtlich-erotische Auslegung ab und interpretierten das Liebesgedicht als Beschreibung der Liebe zwischen Gott und seinem auserwählten Volk (im Judentum) bzw. zwischen Christus und der Kirche als Braut Christi (im Christentum). Aus Kommentaren zum Hohelied entstand so eine Brautmystik (auch: nuptiale Mystik), die eine explizit leibbezogene, personal beziehungshafte Gestalt mystischer Erfahrung darstellt.

Das Judentum hat den Weg einer sinnbildlichen Deutung (der Allegorese) des Hohenliedes vorgezeichnet, indem es für die Kommentare auf Bilder vom Bund Gottes mit seinem Volk als Liebe, Brautschaft und Ehe und auf die prophetische Brautsymbolik zurückgriff. Die nachexilischen Jesajatexte, Deuterojesaja und Tritojesaja, verwenden beispielsweise das Bild der Braut, um Israels neuen Glanz in der Wiederherstellung durch JHWH nach der glanzlosen Zeit im Exil zu beschreiben.

Auch Motive des Neuen Testaments wurden für die Interpretation des Hohenlieds genutzt. Die Gegenwart des Bräutigams Jesus bei den Jüngern (Mk ) und die eschatologische Wiederkunft des Bräutigams Christus (Mt ) drücken mit dem Wortfeld der Brautsymbolik die intensive Verbindung und Treue der Gemeinde aus. Paulus sieht die Gemeinde als Braut Christi (Eph.: ), in (2 Kor.: ) sogar mit dem Wort "Jungfrau" (gr.: parthénos) statt "Braut" (gr.: nýmphe) .

Als Antwort auf die Frage, wen die Braut Sulamith des Hohenlieds darstellen soll, trafen im zweiten und dritten nachchristlichen Jahrhundert insbesondere die Kommentare von Rabbi Akiba (ca. 50/55–135) und des antiken Theologen Origenes (185 – ca. 254) aufeinander. Akiba interpretierte das Lied kollektiv als eine Darstellung der Beziehung zwischen Gott und dem Volk Israel. Bei Origenes ist die Braut dagegen individuell die Seele. Die Auslegung des Hohenlieds ist bei Origenes allerdings noch nicht auf Maria als Braut bezogen.

Die Kirchenväter Hippolyt (ca. 170–235) und Cyprian von Karthago (200 oder 210 bis 258) sehen die Ekklesia, die Kirche, als Braut Christi.
In den Hoheliedinterpretationen von Methodios von Olympos († vermutlich 311 oder 312) und bei Ambrosius von Mailand (339–397) findet man eine Deutung der Braut als gottgeweihte Jungfrau. Da diese Tradition im christlichen Mittelalter weitergeführt wurde, spielte das Hohelied eine hervorgehobene Rolle in der Marienfrömmigkeit der christlichen Mystiker.

In den 40er Jahren des 12. Jahrhunderts wurde das Trudperter Hohelied verfasst, eine Auslegung des Hohenlieds in frühmittelhochdeutscher rhythmisierter Kunstprosa. Es beinhaltet eine sehnsuchtsvolle Vereinigung mit Gott und ist die erste Schrift über Mystik in (alemannisch-)deutscher Sprache. Rund 80 Jahre zuvor hatte der Abt Williram von Ebersberg (vor 1010–1085) eine Hoheliedparaphrase verfasst.

Seit Aegidius Romanus (1243–1316) versteht man in der Hoheliedinterpretation unter der Kirche als Braut erstmals ihre Amtsträger (praelati).

Die Hochzeit der Schechina in der Kabbala
Auch die jüdische Kabbala kennt die Vorstellung einer mystischen Hochzeit. Seit Juda ben Samuel (ca. 1140/50–1217) gibt es die Lehre, man könne sich zwar nicht mit Gott vereinen, aber mit der Schechina, einer Art Wohnstatt der Gottheit. Die Schau und die Vereinigung (ziwwuga) mit der Schechina wurde besonders ab dem 16. Jahrhundert in erotischer Symbolik ausgedrückt, die an die kabbalistische Darstellung im Zohar anknüpfte, nach der Mose in mystischer Ehe mit der Schechina dargestellt wird. Gershom Scholem (1897–1982) grenzt die kabbalistische Schechinalehre von der Brautmystik aus den Kommentaren des Hohelieds ab. Die Schechina sei eine Manifestation Gottes und die Braut der Bibel sei eine allegorische Darstellung des Volkes Israel. Es gebe aber eine Verbindung dieser beiden Konzepte. Mit der Vertreibung aus dem Paradies sei die Schechina mit vertrieben worden. Diese Trennung von Gott wird als 'Schechina im Exil' beschrieben. Die Schechina weilt unter Israel, so dass das Volk Israel Gott in Liebe zugeneigt ist wie die Braut des Hohelieds.

Ein Thema der Kabbala ist der Tzimtzum, eine Art Zusammenziehung des En Sofs (des Unendlichen). Tzimtzum wird teilweise als das kreative Nichts Gottes gedeutet. Dieses Nichts sei die Lebenskraft der Welt. Die Gottheit steigt in das Nichts herab und der Mensch steigt in einem Akt der Einswerdung zu der göttlichen Weisheit (Ḥochmā) des Nichts hinauf. In diesem Aufstieg wird von Seiten der Menschen die kontemplative Nichtung des Materiellen und eine Vereinigung mit der Gottheit angestrebt.

Die erste Zeile des Hymnus Lecha Dodi des Kabbalisten Schlomo Alkabez (1505–1576) lautet: Komm, mein Freund, der Braut entgegen, lasst uns den Sabbat begrüßen. Mit diesem Aufruf wird die Schechina mit dem Sabbat identifiziert und dabei als Braut angesehen. In der jüdischen Mystik verkörpert der "heilige Mond" die Sabbat-Braut bzw. die Schechina in der Welt, die mit Israel identifiziert wird. "Die monatliche periodische Verkleinerung des Mondes (analog zur monatlichen = mondlichen Menstruation) symbolisiert das 'Exil der Schechina', die Wiederherstellung des Mondes zu ursprünglicher Größe und Leuchtkraft dagegen die Erlösung des Leibes aus dem Exil."

In der Dreifaltigkeitskirche in Bad Teinach gibt es eine kabbalistische Lehrtafel. Sie wurde von Prinzessin Antonia zu Württemberg (1613–1679) gestiftet, der Schwester Eberhards III. Der aufklappbare Gemäldeschrein stellt ein geistliches Weltsystem dar. In geschlossenem Zustand sieht man als Außenbild eine himmlische Hochzeit. Hier werden die kabbalistischen Traditionen bis zur Unkenntlichkeit modifiziert und christlich umgedeutet. Die mystische Hochzeit ist hier ein Brautzug, der die Metapher des Aufstiegs zum Himmel wörtlich nimmt. Der lange Zug der eingeladenen Jungfrauen knüpft an die endzeitlichen Hochzeitsgeschichten des Neuen Testaments an. Als Braut, die gerade gekrönt wird, ist hier die Prinzessin Antonia von Württemberg selbst dargestellt.

Mystische Hochzeit in Theologie und Kirche
Die mystische Vereinigung zwischen Gott und Mensch mit dem Bild der geistlichen Hochzeit hält sich auch in der theoretisch-theologischen Mystik und entfaltet sich bis heute in der kirchlichen Praxis der Anverlobung innerhalb der Jungfrauenweihe. In der mystischen Theologie wird die Liebessymbolik auf das Verhältnis des einzelnen Gläubigen zu Gott angewendet und oft sogar eine Einheit des Gläubigen mit Gott angestrebt.

Anders als in der symbolischen Hochzeit der Priesterin Basilinna mit dem Gott Dionysos, ist in den Paulusbriefen und im Johannesevangelium die Rede von einer "Einwohnung" (inhabitatio) Gottes im Menschen, die besonders im Abendmahl von den Gläubigen als Vereinigung von Mensch und Christus erfahren werden kann. In der Epiklese der Eucharistiefeier wird der Wunsch ausgesprochen, dass alle Gläubigen von den Enden der Erde kommen, um das Hochzeitsmahl des Lammes zu feiern in Gottes Reich.

Mystische Anverlobung geweihter Jungfrauen

Tertullian (nach 150 – nach 220) schrieb von den ersten Jungfrauen, die sich Gott verlobt hatten.  Er schrieb, diese Jungfrauen müssten wie die anderen Verlobten oder Verheirateten auch in der Kirche einen Schleier tragen, da sie Braut Christi seien. Nach Einschätzung Marianne Schlossers (* 1960, Universität Wien) übertrug Tertullian als erster den Brautschaftsgedanken des Neuen Testaments von der Kirche auf den einzelnen Christen.

Bereits zu dieser Zeit wurde das Propositum (Vorhaben) der gottgeweihten Jungfräulichkeit als geistliche Eheschließung aufgefasst. Wenn eine Jungfrau dieses Gelübde brach, galt sie als Ehebrecherin und hatte als Folge die Exkommunikation zu tragen. Diesem Nebeneinander von Ehe und Gelübde als geistliche Ehe (matrimonium spirituale) entspricht die spätere Ausgestaltung des Ritus der Jungfrauenweihe in Parallelität zu den sich ebenfalls erst später ausformenden Trauungsriten, wobei die jeweils üblichen ausdeutenden Zeichen übernommen wurden.

Von der Schleiernahme der geweihten Jungfrauen hatte der Ritus der Jungfrauenweihe lange Zeit den Namen Velatio virginum (Verschleierung der Jungfrauen), später Consecratio virginum (Weihe der Jungfrauen). Die Überreichung des Schleiers beziehungsweise die eigenhändige Vornahme der Verschleierung durch den Bischof ist seit dem 3. Jahrhundert üblich. Der Schleier geht auf das Flammeum zurück, einen Brautschleier aus römischer Zeit, der die endgültige Bindung einer Frau durch Ehe oder Gelübde symbolisierte, ein Zeichen, dass sie ihrem Mann oder Bräutigam treu und keusch angehörte.

Das Weihegebet der Kirche über die Jungfrau aus dem 5. Jahrhundert hebt den ehelichen Charakter dieser mystischen Vereinigung (unio mystica) mit Christus hervor:

Der Ritus ist eingebettet in die Feier einer heiligen Messe und besteht aus dem Versprechen der Jungfrauen, dem Gesang der Allerheiligenlitanei, der Erneuerung des Vorsatzes der Jungfräulichkeit, dem Weihegebet und der Überreichung der Insignien: Schleier, Ring und Stundenbuch. Dabei sind der Schleier und der Ring Zeichen für die bräutliche Bindung an Christus. Seit dem 7. Jahrhundert gehört zu den Insignien der geweihten Jungfrauen der Ring, der bei der Weihe vom Ortsbischof übergeben wird. Die Jungfrau ist ein endzeitliches Bild der himmlischen Braut.

Bekannte Heilige, die dem Stand der Jungfrauen angehörten, sind Agatha von Catania, Agnes von Rom, Cäcilia von Rom, Scholastika von Nursia, Lucia von Syrakus, Katharina von Alexandrien und Katharina von Siena.

Theologische Entwicklungen im Mittelalter
Höchstes Ziel war im Mittelalter die unio mystica, die mystische Vereinigung mit Gott, ein "Gottspüren" oder in einem weiteren Sinn "ein Bewusstsein der unmittelbaren Gegenwart Gottes". Dieses Spüren Gottes wird im Mittelalter "auch erotisch aufgeladen und Gotteserkenntnis als Begegnung zwischen Ich und Gott im Sinne einer 'heiligen Hochzeit' zwischen Seele und Gott bzw. Christus gedeutet".

Der Kirchenlehrer Gregor von Nyssa (ca. 335/340 – nach 394) verband Platons Auffassung von Philosophie als Verähnlichung mit Gott und die christliche Auffassung des Menschen, den Gott nach seinem Bilde schuf. Die Mystik Gregors zielt allerdings nicht auf eine Vereinigung, sondern auf eine Teilhabe an Gott. Bernhard von Clairvaux (1090–1153) versucht in seinen Schriften eine ekstatische Gottesverbindung, eine Deification der Seele anschaulich zu machen. Seit Bernhard verbindet sich die Brautmystik auch mit Elementen der Leidens- und Kreuzesmystik.

In dem Buch Das fließende Licht der Gottheit gestaltete Mechthild von Magdeburg (1207–1282) in lyrischer Dialektik von Suchen und Finden, Trennung und Vereinigung der Liebenden, das dynamische Moment der mystischen Gottsuche der Seele wie der göttlichen Zuwendung zum Menschen. Im Kloster Helfta wurde der Tod einer Nonne symbolisch als deren geistliche Vereinigung mit Christus gefeiert, was in weiteren süddeutschen Klöstern im 14. Jahrhundert zur Übernahme dieser Symbolik in Gnadenviten führte.

Der flämische Theologe Jan van Ruysbroek (1293–1381) entwickelte mit der Schrift "Die Zierde der geistigen Hochzeit" die Brautmystik weiter und Johannes Tauler (1300–1361) verwendete für den Weg der Vereinigung (via unitiva) mit Gott die Vorstellung vom Nichts: Indem der Mensch "die allerwahrste Erkenntnis des eigenen Nichts" (seiner Nichtigkeit) erlangt, wird er "eins mit Gott". Mensch und Gott begegnen einander, und dann fließt der eine Abgrund in den anderen Abgrund, "versinkt das geschaffene Nichts in das ungeschaffene Nichts".

Neuzeit

Der Mystik des hl. Johannes vom Kreuz (1542–1591) liegt eine "Heilsdramatik der Vermählung zugrunde: die Liebesbewegung geht von Gott aus, der nicht allein sein will, die Menschheit als Braut des Sohnes erschafft und immer wieder um sie wirbt – bis zur Menschwerdung und Hingabe des eigenen Lebens" am Kreuz. "Die Schöpfung steht von vornherein im Verhältnis einer innigsten Zugehörigkeit zu Gott, sie ist Gabe an den Sohn und Gabe um des Sohnes willen, nicht Werk eines weltabgewandten allmächtigen Wesens wie im Deismus. Der Sohn ist derjenige, der durch seine Ehe die Schöpfung gottwürdig macht. Die Menschwerdung wird schließlich als erlösender Ehevollzug und 'wunderbarer Tausch' zwischen dem Sohn und der Braut verstanden, wobei wie in der Trinität eine Gleichgestaltung des Geliebten stattfindet. Diese Gleichgestaltung ist das Zeichen vollkommener Liebe."

Der protestantische Pfarrer Valentin Weigel (1533–1588) stellt neben den "Christus für uns" den "Christus in uns" und betont dadurch die Selbstverantwortlichkeit des Individuums. Weigels mystische Theologie, die auch meist abwertend als Weigelianismus bezeichnet wird, beinhaltet die Vorstellung eines völligen Verschmelzens von Gott und Mensch. Die nachreformatorische Theologie ist gegenüber einer vollständigen Einheit und Verschmelzung in Christo (in Christus) meist zurückhaltend und eignet sich die unio mystica distanziert als unio cum Christo (mit Christus) an.

Nach Aussage des pietistischen Theologen Johann Henrich Reitz (1665–1720) hätten die Frauen "durch ihre Einfalt" zugleich einen besseren Zugang zum Mystischen und Göttlichem, sodass sie sich in ihre Rolle als Braut leichter einfügen könnten. Nach einer von Gottfried Arnold (1666–1714) neu interpretierten These des Mystikers Jakob Böhme (1575–1624) markierte der Sündenfall die Teilung des Menschen in weibliche und männliche Seite. In Analogien wurde nun die Seele des Gläubigen als weiblich interpretiert, die nach dem Bräutigam sucht. Arnold, ebenfalls Pietist, schildert in der Schrift Das Geheimnis der göttlichen Sophia (1700) in erotischen Bildern aus dem Hohelied die Vereinigung des wahrhaft Gläubigen mit der personifizierten Weisheit. Hier kehrt sich also das Geschlechterverhältnis zu einer himmlischen Braut und einem irdischen Bräutigam um. War bei Philon von Alexandria (um 15/10 v. Chr. – 40 n. Chr.), der auch schon die Weisheit als Braut auffasste, der Bräutigam noch die Vernunft (Logos), so ist bei Arnold der Bräutigam im Anschluss an Böhme die einzelne gläubige Seele. Die Umkehr des Braut-Bräutigam-Verhältnisses war schon vereinzelt im Mittelalter – etwa in Bildern über Franz von Assisi – zu sehen, der als menschlicher Bräutigam symbolisch die Armut unter den evangelischen Räten zur Braut nahm.

Kunst, Musik und Literatur

Mystische Hochzeit in der Kunst

Das himmlische Königspaar

Die mystische Hochzeit wird auch in der mittelalterlichen Mal- und Schnitzkunst dargestellt. In der Spätgotik entstanden im Zentrum von Hochaltären Paarszenen: Christus und die gekrönte Jungfrau Maria sitzen auf einem gemeinsamen Thron und sind mit symbolischen Gesten einander zugewandt: Christus segnet Maria als gekrönte Königin im himmlischen Palast. Dieses thematische Programm findet man u. a. bei den Hochaltären der Abtei Marienstatt und der Liebfrauenkirche in Oberwesel, als Retabelbilder in einer Kirche auf der Insel Poel und in der Marienkirche in Gudow.

Die thronenden Paardarstellungen werden meist als Krönung Mariens aufgefasst und betitelt. Der Kunsthistoriker Christian Beutler war der Ansicht, dass diese himmlischen Palastszenen unter dem Einfluss der devotio moderna-Bewegung eine allegorische Hochzeit des Messias darstellen und rekonstruiert den Meister-Bertram-Altar in Hamburg in diesem Sinne. Die "neue Frömmigkeit" () war eine mystische Reformbewegung im Spätmittelalter, die eine Nachfolge Christi () propagierte. Beutler behauptet, die gotische Kunst unterscheide nicht zwischen der Braut als Seele, als Kirche oder als Maria:

Himmlische Paardarstellungen dieser Art knüpfen an Himmelsszenen aus dem 12. Jahrhundert an. Eine byzantinische Darstellung in der Apsis der Kirche Santa Maria in Trastevere, der ältesten Marienkirche Roms zeigt das gekrönte himmlische Paar ebenso wie etwa das Marienportal der Kathedrale von Senlis in Nordfrankreich.

Die Anverlobung der hl. Katharina
Von der mystischen Vermählung der hl. Katharina von Alexandrien mit Christus gibt es besonders viele Darstellungen:

Einer Überlieferung zufolge hatte Katharina die Vision einer sposalizio mistico, einer mystischen Anverlobung mit Christus. Vorher sagte ihr ein Eremit, der beste Bräutigam sei Jesus Christus. Diese Vision wird oft in Bildzyklen dargestellt, fehlt aber in Einzeldarstellungen meist.

Im 14./15. Jahrhundert, nach grundlegenden Wandlungen der Volksfrömmigkeit, die sich durch das Aufkommen der Bettelorden, der Mystik und der religiösen Frauenbewegungen ergeben hatten, wurde Katharina – auch durch die Hochzeitsdarstellungen – zu einer der Lieblingsheiligen der Frauenklöster.

Eine große Zahl der erhaltenen ersten Denkmäler zur Hochzeit Katharinas bedient sich eines antiken römischen Bildmusters, dem Zusammenlegen der rechten Hände (lat. dextrarum iunctio) der Brautleute durch die zwischen ihnen stehende Mutter. Die Mutter Jesu, Maria, ergreift auf dem Bild von Giovanni dal Ponte Katharina bei der rechten Hand und fungiert als Zeugin der Zeremonie, bei der Christus Katharina den Ring an den Finger steckt. Dies ist umso bedeutender, da Frauen traditionellerweise nicht Zeugnis ablegen konnten.

Die gotische Hochzeitsdarstellung von Barna da Siena zeigt die Zeremonie ohne die Trauzeugin Maria. Bräutigam ist hier ebenfalls der erwachsene Christus. Die Malerei wird unten durch den Kampf Katharinas mit dem Teufel ergänzt. In der ebenfalls an die gotische Malerei anknüpfende ikonenhafte Darstellung Michelino da Besozzos (1370–1455) ist der Bräutigam als Kind dargestellt, als Trauzeugen sind Johannes der Täufer und Antonius der Große anwesend. Das ikonographische Schema, Maria mit dem Jesuskind und der historisch späteren Heiligen zu zeigen, geht auf Stifter- und Dedikationsdarstellungen zurück, wie sie seit der Spätantike gebräuchlich sind. Bei dem Renaissancegemälde von Hans Memling (vor 1440–1494) ist die nicht mehr durch ein rotes Gewand (als Symbol des Martyriums) erkennbare Katharina durch ihre Attribute Rad und Schwert ausgezeichnet. Wie schon bei Besozzo kniet Katharina.

Bei dem Bild Virgo inter virgines (Jungfrau unter Jungfrauen) des Meisters der Lucialegende ist die Anverlobung Katharinas in eine Zusammenkunft von heiligen Jungfrauen mit der Jungfrau Maria integriert. Die Heiligen sind jeweils an ihren Heiligenattributen erkennbar.

Auch in dem Bild von Correggio (1489–1534), das im Louvre hängt, wird die Szene in die Natur verlegt, die anwesenden Frauen sind aber nicht mehr so förmlich zu einer Zeremonie versammelt. Bei Tizian (ca. 1490–1576) fehlt dann die Hochzeitszeremonie: Statt eines Ringes kommt es ganz auf die heilige Konversation (Sacra Conversazione) des Paares an. Bei dem barocken Künstler des 18. Jahrhunderts ist eine reich belebte Szenerie zu sehen, bei der die göttliche Sphäre von der irdischen Welt innerhalb einer Konstellation mit Johannes dem Täufer als Kind nicht mehr unterschieden wird: Die Hochzeit wird durch einen Handkuss Katharinas ausgedrückt und die Engel und Putten schweben nicht mehr entfernt über allem, sondern sind im Bild integriert.

Einen anderen Aspekt zeigt das große Mischtechnikwerk der zeitgenössischen bulgarisch-amerikanischen Malerin Milena Palakarkina mit dem Titel Katharina, Braut Christi (1990). Die Installation wird von einem eisernen Rahmen getragen und durch einen Elektromotor bewegt. Die nackt dargestellte, nach oben blickende Märtyrin mit den Handwundmalen Jesu ist durch das über dem dreiteiligen Tafelbild schwebende Rad als Katharina von Alexandrien erkennbar. Die Seitenflügel zeigen männliche Köpfe mit teilweise großen stierenden Augen.

Musikalisch-lyrische Barockmystik
In der Mystik des Barocks wird die Vorstellungen des Einswerdens mit Gott unter dem Bild von Verlobung und Vermählung wieder aufgenommen. Angelus Silesius beeinflusst diese Entwicklung und Johann Sebastian Bach arbeitet in seinen Kantaten, Oratorien und Passionen die mystischen Hochzeitstexte musikalisch um. Er verwendet dabei auch die Lyrik der Brautmystik bei Philipp Nicolai (1556–1608) (Wie schön leuchtet der Morgenstern), Gerhard Tersteegen (1697–1769), Paul Gerhard (1607–1676) oder Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf (1700–1760). Die vier genannten evangelischen Pfarrer haben auch die Theologie der Brautmystik in Texten und Predigten weiterentwickelt.

Die Braut erscheint hier als Zion oder als einzelne Seele, beim protestantischen Bach jedoch nicht als Maria oder als Allegorie der Kirche. Im ersten Teil von Bachs 1734 entstandenen Weihnachtsoratorium steht Großes bevor; Zion steht hier für die Erwartung der christlichen Gemeinde auf den kommenden Herrn. In der auf ein Rezitativ folgenden Alt-Arie Bereite Dich Zion wechselt der Berichtsstil zum Aufforderungsstil: Die Braut soll sich auf die Ankunft des Liebsten vorbereiten:

In einer Sopran-Arie aus Bachs 1727 uraufgeführter Matthäuspassion singt die Seele mit den Worten Picanders:

Das Adventslied Tochter Zion, freue dich mit dem Text von Friedrich Heinrich Ranke (1798–1876) thematisiert die Hochzeitsvorbereitungen Zions beim Einzug Jesu in Jerusalem einprägsam. Gelegentlich werden die Texte der Brautmystik, etwa bei Zinzendorf oder in der Marienfrömmigkeit, recht überschwänglich. Der Titel eines geistlichen Liederbuches der Æmilie Juliane von Barby-Mühlingen (1637–1706) lautet: Der Freundin des Lammes Geistlicher Braut-Schmuck Zu Christlicher Vorbereitung Auf die Hochzeit des Lam[m]es (1714).

Beispiele literarischer Verarbeitung

Das Thema der mystischen Hochzeit ist unter anderem in einem mittelalterlichen Lehrgedicht, einer allegorischen Dichtung und in einem Märchen ausgestaltet worden. Auch Carl Gustav Jung (1875–1961) deutete alchemistische Bilder der mystischen Hochzeit als Beitrag zur Psychoanalyse.

In dem Gedicht Christus und die minnende Seele, das auf einem klösterlichen Bilderbogen beruht, kommt es zu einem Gespräch zwischen der Braut und Christus. Die Liebe der minnenden (liebenden) Seele geht dabei so weit, dass die Seele Christus mit einem abgeschossenen Pfeil zur Gegenliebe zwingt. Weitere Abbildungen zeigen das durch den Pfeil getroffene Herz Christi blutend und verletzt, und Christus ist der Seele zugetan. – Der Franziskaner Lamprecht von Regensburg verfasste um 1250 die allegorischen Dichtung Diu tohter von Syon (Die Tochter Zion). Die Braut Zion strebt eine Vereinigung mit Christus an.

In dem Märchen Die himmlische Hochzeit der Gebrüder Grimm wird von einem armen Jungen erzählt, der die Kirche für den Himmel hält und dem Bildnis des Jesuskindes in der Kirche die Hälfte seines Essen gibt, weil er es für zu dünn hält. Eines Tages lädt das Jesuskind den Jungen für den nächsten Sonntag zur himmlischen Hochzeit ein. Als der Junge sonntags das Abendmahl empfängt, stirbt er und kommt so zur himmlischen Hochzeit.

C. G. Jung entwickelte in seinem Artikel: Die Psychologie der Übertragung (1946) den freudschen Begriff der Übertragung weiter. Anhand von mystischen Hochzeitsbildern aus dem alchemistischen Buch Rosarium Philosophorum deutet Jung die Phänomene der Übertragung und Gegenübertragung im therapeutischen Prozess.

Literatur

 Otto Gillen: Brautmystik. In: Reallexikon zur Deutschen Kunstgeschichte, Bd. 2, 1942, Sp. 1130–1134.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Biblisches Thema
Ekklesiologie
Feste und Brauchtum (Christentum)
Geschichte der Theologie
Christliche Ikonografie
Kabbala
Kunstgeschichte
Personendarstellung (Jesus von Nazareth)
Ehe im Christentum

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Hawks Academy 11 are 2 good.
Premier League Cup at Westleigh Park tomorrow night!
Rutherford Dispatches Rocks; East Thurrock match report.
Hawks support amongst Leagues best!
Hawks draw Paulsgrove in Portsmouth Cup.


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Union Station opens outdoor ice rink for holiday season
Union Station has opened its outdoor skating rink for the winter season on Nov. 28, 2022.
Skaters can now lace up and enjoy the view of the CN Tower at Union Station's ice rink for the holiday season.
Union Winter, presented by TD Bank, kicked off today providing a festive experience for Torontonians and visitors at the country's busiest transit hub.
Visitors can enjoy special performances, holiday shopping and dining inside the station, and free skating at the ice rink outside the station's doors.
Toronto Mayor John Tory was on hand for the opening and said the holiday event will help attract more visitors as the city is still recovering from the pandemic.
"This is a big part of our post-COVID recovery to get people to come downtown to engage in activities here. Union Winter is an exciting opportunity for Torontonians to get down here, to do more than just come to work here. To come for a skate," Tory said at Union Station Monday.
Canadian Olympian Gabrielle Daleman also performed on the rink today in celebration of it officially opening.
Gabrielle Daleman performing at Union Station's outdoor ice rink.
The rink will be open until Jan. 29, 2023 during the following hours:
Sundays to Wednesdays: 11AM –7PM
Thursdays to Saturdays: 11AM – 9PM
However, the rink will be closed on Dec. 25 and 26.
Skaters can register in advance online to secure a time slot or simply walk-in, which is available on a limited basis.
In addition, free skate rentals will be available throughout the season, along with free skating lessons once a week on Tuesdays.
For those who like to skate to some tunes, Union Winter will have a DJ performing live rink-side on Friday and Saturday evenings throughout December and January.
Special musical performances will also be held inside Union Station throughout December, including on Dec. 13 when Canadian singer Shawn Desman will perform.
Over the weekend, the City of Toronto started to open its public outdoor skating rinks for the winter season.
Toronto man, 26, identified as victim of fatal downtown stabbing
A Sarnia, Ont. woman whose dog died in her arms is calling on local veterinarians to establish after hours vet care. Marg Allen has launched a petition, and hopes vets will get on board.
After days of controversy over a motion to rescind council approval of the location of a consumption and treatment site in downtown Windsor, city council reached a compromise.
When a smuggling operation across the Detroit River was uncovered by federal prosecutors in the U.S. last week, it prompted questions about the nature of the activity along the Canadian shoreline — and the smuggling on the river is on the radar of the CBSA, OPP and Windsor Essex Port Authority.
Local cleaning company Men in Kilts is transitioning to a four-day work week in hopes of improving employee retention and satisfaction. Instead of working eight hour days, five days a week, employees at Men in Kilts will work longer hours during the four days — the compressed schedule will allow workers to spend more time with loved ones and improve work-life balance.
Councillors in Collingwood have officially approved the budget for 2023.
She was a force to be reckoned with in Mississauga, where she served as mayor for decades, but her reach was far greater than those city limits.


text:
Wednesday's live events
$85 billion in automatic across-the-board cuts became law last week, as President Obama and Congress struggle to find a solution to the crisis. Watch CNN.com Live for continuing coverage on this story.
Today's programming highlights...
9:30 am ET - Justice Department oversight hearing - Attorney General Eric Holder may discuss spending cuts and drones when he testifies at an oversight hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee.
Filed under: Barack Obama • Budget • Congress • Dollars & Sense • Economy • Eric Holder • Politics
Wal-Mart will meet with Holder, not Biden
Wal-Mart's envoy to the White House's gun violence task force will meet with Attorney General Eric Holder, not the group's leader Vice President Joe Biden, an administration official said Thursday.
Biden is scheduled to meet with gun owners and gun rights groups Thursday, including the National Rifle Association. Later in the day he'll sit down with representatives of the entertainment and video game industries.
After initially declining an invitation to attend at meeting with the gun panel, Wal-Mart announced Wednesday that it would participate in a meeting with the group, which was assembled after the deadly school shooting in Newtown, Connecticut.
Post by: CNN's Jim Acosta
Filed under: Eric Holder • Gun Control • Gun violence • Joe Biden • Politics
House holds Holder in contempt
The House of Representatives voted Thursday to hold Attorney General Eric Holder in criminal contempt for refusing to turn over documents tied to the botched Fast and Furious gun-running sting - a discredited operation that has become a sharp point of contention between Democrats and Republicans in Washington.
The 255-67 vote marked the first time in American history that the head of the Justice Department has been held in contempt by Congress. Almost every House Republican backed the measure, along with nearly 20 Democrats.
A large number of Democrats - including members of the Congressional Black Caucus and House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi - walked off the House floor in protest and refused to participate in the vote.
The criminal contempt charge refers the dispute to District of Columbia U.S. Attorney Ronald Machen, who will decide whether to file charges against Holder. Most legal analysts do not expect Machen - an Obama appointee who ultimately answers to Holder - to take any action.
House members are also expected to pass a civil contempt measure Thursday afternoon. The civil measure would allow the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform to file a lawsuit asking the courts to examine the Justice Department's failure to produce certain subpoenaed documents, as well as the validity of the administration's recent assertion of executive privilege over the documents in question.
Legal experts contacted by CNN have said, based on recent precedent, that it could take years for the courts to reach any final decision.
Fast and Furious, a so-called "gun-walking" operation, allowed roughly 2,000 guns into Mexico with the goal of tracking them to Mexican drug cartels. Two guns found at the scene of Border Patrol Agent Brian Terry's fatal shooting were linked to the operation. Guns from the operation have also been linked to an unknown number of Mexican civilians' deaths.
Post by: CNN Congressional Producer Alan Silverleib
Filed under: Eric Holder
What to know about Eric Holder
The U.S. House will proceed with a vote Thursday on whether to hold Attorney General Eric Holder in contempt of Congress. Holder has been cited for withholding documents in the "Operation Fast and Furious" weapons operation.
Fast and Furious was a federal operation that involved agents' allowing illegal sales of guns believed to be destined for Mexican drug cartels. The idea was to track the sellers and purchasers, but things went awry when weapons found at murder scenes were traced back to the program.
Fast and Furious: By the numbers
As the proceedings continue with Holder, here's a bit of background on his time as Attorney General, as well as a timeline of the events involving Fast and Furious. (For an in-depth breakdown, you can also read more about the Fast and Furious investigation, which started with an agent's death.):
Post by: CNN's Ashley Strickland, The CNN Library
Filed under: District of Columbia • Eric Holder • Politics • U.S.


Events News & Speaking Engagements on security, threat, and crisis mgt.
Lunch & Learn for Baird Holm Law Firm on the risk of targeted violence in the workplace.
Presented to the Lincoln Human Resources Association of the Midlands (HRAM) on the Insider Threat and Targeted Violence in the Workplace.
January 19, 2016 – Sioux Falls, S.D.
Attended the Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC) annual threat briefing at the U.S. State Department.
November 16th and 17th, 2016 – Washington, D.C.
Presented and co-hosted with Baird Holm LLP the "Insider Threat Workshop".
Attended training workshop on WAVR 21, A Structured Guide for the Assessment of Workplace and Campus Violence Risk.
October 10th and 11th, 2016, Woodland Hills, CA.
Spoke at the 2016 Iowa SHRM State Conference.
Spoke at the 2016 Kansas SHRM State Conference.
Attended the 2016 Annual Threat Management Conference.
August 16th to August 19th – Anaheim, CA.
Attended the 2016 Spring Regional Threat Management Conference.
April 5th to April 6th – New York City, NY.