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Practical requirements
This chapter is on the software infrastructure for the long term preservation of audiovisual archives. We will define the main requirements of the software for the management of the digital preservation process, able to implement the different hardwares (servers and tape libraries), and intended to undertake all the normal functions of a digital storage system (ingest and task management, metadata extraction and management, preservation and backup storage). This will also include the architecture of the system, following the OAIS recommendation [3].
Before beginning, it is important to state that backup solutions are out of our scope. There is indeed a common confusion, leading vendors to often put forward solutions that are not only overkill in terms of performance (and thereof in terms of cost), but also inadequate for long term preservation. Following [2], there are several incompatibilities between backup and archive solutions (p. 14):
A backup is nothing else than the secondary copy of all documents produced by any given business, whatever their retention periods (for example, a backup will save temporary drafts). The aim is to provide fast recovery of these documents in case of disaster or system shut down. So the common features of a backup solution don't fit the archival requirements, either they are not sufficient, or overkill.
"Backup systems rarely address media degradation and format obsolescence". Backups are made continually, and data are continually replaced by later copies, before the media becomes endangered.
"Backup systems typically do not address long-term information readability", for the same reason exposed above, and because they don't preserve the primary copy of information; so permanent access to data is out of the scope of backup systems.
Finally, since backup systems don't preserve primary information, authenticity, immutability and security of the information aren't issued.
In order to clarify some concepts, it is maybe useful to briefly summarize the OAIS reference model, which is the standard for organizations aimed at the long term preservation of digital material (as well as physical material). However, not all the concepts that it defines are useful for our purpose here.
OAIS – General overview
An OAIS (Open Archival Information System), as it is defined by [3], is "an archive, consisting of an organization of people and systems, that has accepted the responsibility to preserve information and make it available for a Designated Community". The reference model only provides frameworks, concepts and terminology. The archive is defined as a system of interconnected elements exchanging information in the aim of preserving data – digital data as well as physical objects. So it enumerates "the environment in which an archive resides, the functional components of the archive itself, and the information infrastructure supporting the archive's processes" [10].
The functional entities group together the main functions of the system from the acquisition of the information to its distribution:
Ingest (functions dedicated to the reception and the description of information for archival storage).
Archival Storage (functions related to the long term preservation of the information: storage, maintenance and retrieval).
Data management (functions related to the administration and the updating of the database).
Administration (overall operation of the archive system).
Preservation planning (monitoring the environment of the OAIS and providing recommendations to ensure that the information remains accessible to the Designated User Community over the long term).
Access (allowing users to reach the information they need).
Each one of those entities has responsibilities to perform and information to give to and receive from other entities.
In order to preserve the information contents, an OAIS [3] "must store significantly more than the contents of the object it is expected to preserve" (p. 4-19). The main informations (data and metadata) that the OAIS model recommends to preserve are contained in three kinds of information packages: Archival (AIP) / Submission (SIP) / Dissemination (DIP) Information Packages. Those Information Packages are made of:
Information Content
Content Data Object (the data to be preserved).
Representation Information (technical metadata).
Preservation Description Information (PDI):
Provenance.
Fixity.
Packaging Information (information which binds, identifies and relates the Content Information to the PDI, what makes the Information Package).
Descriptive Information (to retrieve and access the package).
The OAIS information model, as it is consistent with a comprehensive, structured view of the archiving system it supports, is able to implement very efficient metadata schemes.
Concretely, the reference model is very helpful to design a system whose goal is to preserve information on the long term; it should bring to a kind of "certification". It allows to take into account all the necessary issues:
The different kinds of information to be documented, and a framework to develop metadata.
The structures to implement to ensure the circulation of information between the entities.
The action to take in order to preserve information for the long term.
This model, created by the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems, has been adopted as an ISO standard (ISO 14721:2002). It is now widely accepted in the community and has been developed in several other standards, like:
Trusted Digital Repositories [14]: this report provides a "framework of attributes and responsibilities for trusted, reliable, sustainable digital repositories capable of handling the range of materials held by large and small research institutions". So it explains what is to be done at the organizational level to conform with the OAIS model.
The PREMIS data dictionary [11]: data dictionary of core elements needed to support digital preservation, including implementation details such as repeatability, obligation, and examples. This dictionary, built on the OAIS reference model, is seen as the only existing dictionary for preservation metadata.
OAIS – Functional entities
As already said, the OAIS model describes an organization, not a software architecture. But it defines the functions to complete in order to ensure the proper preservation of digital documents (see chapter 4.1). Most of those functions are "human" tasks and responsibilities (they are developed in [14]); this means that they have to be defined at the organizational level. For example, one has to define the formats accepted for Ingest, or the minimal set of metadata that producers have to provide when submitting information.
However, some of the functions can – and must – be automatized, mostly when speaking of a large amount of data with frequent migrations, for example. From this point of view, it seems useful to review all of the OAIS functional entities, in order to better understand what the software should be able to do.
So in the following subsections, we will briefly summarize all the functional entities (blue boxes in the figure below), and try to detail important features that a software should manage.
(Figure from [3], p. 4-1)
Common services are the supporting services present in all computing applications. Although those services are "common", it is necessary to define them here, in the specific scope of long term preservation.
Long term preservation implies that the system, with its software applications and the data it contains, will be able to face future (and unavoidable) change: replacement of obsolescent softwares, hardwares or media, migrations, etc. Moreover, a system suitable for long term preservation has to deal with heterogeneous components (this will be discussed in the next section on practical requirements). To guarantee these abilities, interoperability and portability of common services must be ensured, by the use of open standards and specifications, and this in three categories of services [7]:
The operating system services: they are the core services needed to run the application software and manage the resources of the application software.
The network services: they are central services, since they ensure the transparent communication within an heterogeneous system integrating different components from different vendors. Building heterogeneous systems has several advantages: it allows to use components (for the different functional entities) from different vendors, allowing the replacement of one component instead of the whole system when obsolescence occurs; moreover, it prevents vendor lock-in and decreases the risks related to one single provider (monoculture). More details on this topic in the next section on practical requirements.
The security services, which provide the mean to protect information, through mechanisms of identification, authentication, data integrity (the purpose is to guarantee that data is not damaged by an unauthorized person), confidentiality, etc.
Any software solution should conform to those principles of interoperability and portability to be adequate for long term preservation. For that purpose, the IEEE POSIX OSE [7] model seems to be a good reference when designing a system, and should be used (or another similar OSE model) as a standard.
There should be a function of the software able to manage the ingest of new data. This means allocating a temporary storage space, just during some preliminary tasks: processing a quality insurance through Cyclic Redundancy Checks (CRC), generating an AIP by extracting the metadata and adding some others, and by formatting the data to the selected format. Then this function generates descriptive information to transmit to the database; if content-based indexation is automatically processed, it will be during this phase. Finally, the AIP is transferred electronically to the archival storage entity (the tape library).
Two options are possible: if the digitization is made by a third-party service (Sony preservation factory, e.g.), all of these tasks will be made by this service, including the transfer to data tapes; a contrario, if the digitization is made on the premises, we have to set up (as well as digitization tools) disk space, encoders, and indexation tools.
We will discuss in more details the problem of metadata extraction and indexation in the chapter dedicated to metadata.
Following [3], "Archival Storage functions include receiving AIPs from Ingest and adding them to permanent storage, managing the storage hierarchy, refreshing media on which archive holdings are stored, performing routine and special error checking, providing disaster recovery capabilities, and providing AIPs to Access to fulfill orders" (p. 4-1).
Some of these functions are relative to the transfer of information packages from one storage device to the other, for example from the data tapes to the secondary archives for access, and some other to the long term preservation issue themselves (migration, authenticity, etc.). Following [3] and [9], the system should be able to automatically:
Handle the reliable transport of data. It means using interoperable softwares and a HSM (Hierarchical Storage Manager), which ensures the transfer of information from one tier to another, following needs and use, as defined by the policy (allowing to save space, to improve access times and to decrease storage costs).
Allocate unique persistent (vendor independent) identifiers to objects, and to bind them permanently to their object.
Process migration (or, more precisely, refreshing), in order to avoid hardware or format obsolescence, replacing media without loss.
Process error checking through random verification of the integrity of data (using Cycling Redundancy Checking, for example).
Guarantee the authenticity of objects (through encryption or access controls).
Alert the administrator of problems with the content, environment or storage hardware early enough for the administrator to take action and if necessary shut down and protect assets in the event of a crisis [4].
Ensure failure and disaster recovery, for example through mirroring of the whole repository (see next section on practical requirements).
This functional entity refers to the database management software, and includes all usual tasks managed by common databases, like generating reports, performing queries, etc. It doesn't include only descriptive information (or "bibliographic" metadata to search the catalog and retrieve assets), but also system information. The goal of these functions is to provide "organized access" [4] to the data.
We will discuss the problem of managing metadata (and in particular the definition of the database's schema and tables) in the chapter dedicated to metadata.
Administration and Preservation planing
These functions are mainly relative to organizational level: establishing standards, policies and strategies, controlling physical access, technology watch, etc. So we won't discuss them in this document.
The software managing the Access entity consists mainly in a user interface allowing the search and retrieval of digital assets; but it is also necessary to generate DIP at the adequate format (maybe more compact than the AIP), and transferring to a temporary storage space for rapid access.
It is also important that the access entity manages the access rights, in order to guarantee confidentiality and integrity of data by ensuring that nobody – by mistake or abuse – will modify or destroy original data.
The OAIS reference model allows us to design a software architecture including all the entities above, and allowing all of these functions necessary for long term preservation.
Moreover, it is preferable to use components with high integrability, portability and interoperability capabilities, so open standards and specifications.
In the next section, we will see what are the practical requirements of such an architecture, or what are the practical issues the system has to address.
We saw what are the components of an archive, what they should be able to do, and how they have to interact. Now we will see what are the requirements of an archive, or what measures should be taken in order to guarantee long term preservation in a digital environment. So here we will only discuss preservation issues (permanent access), and not performance (fast access). These requirements should be part of a cahier des charges.
If we are looking to preserve the integrity of Montreux Jazz Festival audiovisual heritage for generations, and even ad vitam eternam, the common longevity claimed by computer material vendors cannot provide sufficient confidence. Computer vendors, when they speak about "long term" reliability, usually don't think much longer than five years. There are several reasons to this fact, related to technological and economical constraints; but the important thing is that digital curators have no alternative but dealing with it: there is no mean, for the time being, to find a definitive method allowing to access information in an undefined period of time, like paper was. The conclusion is that "the approach for digital preservation then, is not to build permanent systems, but rather to construct systems which will facilitate the management and preservation of the data content in the face of change" [1]. Bradley advocates for open standards and specifications, facilitating this change and reducing the costs of migrations. But there are other important requirements.
To reach the goal of permanent access to digital information, it is necessary to first identify the threats. [13] makes a typology of the different risks, including technological risks (media, hardware, or software failures and obsolescence), natural risks (natural disasters, like fire), and human and organizational risks (operator error, abuse, bankruptcy, attacks, etc.). Once these risks are defined for each particular situation, the adequate strategies can be adopted, from the set defined by [13]: replication, migration, transparency, diversity, audit, economy and sloth. Going in details into these strategies is out of this document's scope, since they include, for example, the choice of the appropriate media, the migration policies, the whole archive's economical viability, etc.
However, [13] gives three key properties that allow anticipating the risks: if the system (and the softwares) complies with these properties, threats are less likely to happen. For example, the cost of the system (not only the purchasing cost, but also the maintaining cost) is a risk. If it is too high, funds could be unavailable in the future to maintain the archive. Using open standards may reduce the cost of purchasing, but also when migrating from one system to a new one (see below: diversity).
Here we will see the system's requirements for each of the key properties: reliability, diversity, and error checking and monitoring.
"At minimum, the system must have no single point of failure; it must tolerate the failure of any individual component. In general, systems should be designed to tolerate more than one simultaneous failure" [13].
Reliability of the system can be ensured by the replication of the data (mirroring) on remote sites, which decreases the probability of data loss. In disk arrays, the use of RAIDs or MAIDs systems in order to duplicate data is also a way reducing the failure risk – for all that we look for speed recovery, which is not the case for the primary archive.
Another possible way is to use the most reliable hardware. We already discussed the choice of carriers in chapter on hardware; what is important here is to remember to take into account the reliability tests of the manufacturer, and to consider values of MTBF (Mean Time Before Failure), AFR (Annual Failure Rate), number of loads/unloads, etc. Another important criteria is the "sloth": simple products, with less components, not at the leading edge of technology and performance will last longer and will be less prone to failure and errors. For example, SATA drives are well suited for preservation, because of their low spinning speed. As well, the more a system needs cooling, environment controlling and power, the more it will be prone to failures – and to cessation of funding; in this sense, MAIDs are well suited for long term preservation.
Finally, using carriers from different lots and from different manufacturers decreases the probability of total loss due to manufacturing defects.
The reliability of the system allows guaranteeing the integrity of the data, and also reducing the costs of maintaining the system. So one one should prefer simple, long time tested and robust components over last trend technologies, even if the performances of the latter are better.
"Media, software and hardware must flow through the system over time as they fail or become obsolete, and are replaced. The system must support diversity among its components to avoid monoculture vulnerabilities, to allow for incremental replacement, and to avoid vendor lock-in" [13].
For example, [15] says that "The benefits of a standardized data tape format [like LTO] are lost when the systems that control the data tape drives write custom, library-specific data to the tapes. This locks the facility into a single vendor's storage library product, and make interchange impossible with customers and other facilities that may use another vendor's library system" (p. 33), which is also true in case of migration. [9] also advocates for the use of vendor independent, unique and persistent identifiers.
In general, integrating components involves the use of technologies able of interoperability and portability, using open specifications and standards (see above the sub-section on "Common services"). Since every layer of an heterogeneous preservation system has its own obsolescence cycle, using open standards allows this "incremental replacement".
Error checking and monitoring
"Most data items in an archive are accessed infrequently. A system that detected errors and failures only upon user access would be vulnerable to an accumulation of latent errors. The system must provide for regular audits at intervals frequent enough to keep the probability of failure at acceptable levels" [13].
These audit activities must be carried out on the content, the hardware and the software, also including the storage environment (fire alarm, temperature, humidity), and by using systematic and automatic processes: CRC, alerts, etc.
We mentioned the costs only implicitly; of course, the choice of any component of a digital preservation system should integrate this factor. But another point important to mention is the fact that the economical viability of the archive is also based on the dissemination of the data it contains; this means making the preservation profitable, which ensures a relative independence to the archive.
The scope here is not to develop strategies on how to make profit on the Montreux Jazz Festival audiovisual capital, but just to mention systems considering data as "assets" that one has to retrieve and disseminate easily: Digital Asset Management systems (DAM), or more specifically Multimedia Asset Management systems (MAM).
At the minimum, a DAM can be a simple file manager; but it can also integrate lots of specialized modules allowing workflow management, indexing and cataloging, searching and retrieval, and dissemination, including Digital Rights Management (DRM). Of course, the storage management is also included, with functionalities like HSM or ILM (Information Lifecycle Management). This kind of systems is not only used in broadcasting industries [8] [6], but also in preservation contexts, where profitability is also an issue [5].
The system architecture we preconize here, with the necessary components fitting the requirements, takes actually the form of a DAM. The only difference is that the workflow itself will not be as difficult to manage as in broadcasting, where the system has to ingest, process and disseminate large amount of data at every moment. Designing a digital repository doesn't only involve choosing the right softwares, formats and hardwares, but also beeing able to integrate them. So software vendors should not only provide their own material, but also act as "system integrators" [12], providing core components around which they would build a system made from other vendors' components.
All references accessed on October 16th, 2008
ASSOCIATION OF MOVING IMAGE ARCHIVISTS. AMIA-L [online]. Hollywood: AMIA. http://lsv.uky.edu/archives/amia-l.html
EPFL. Montreux Jazz Festival Digital Archive Project: A unique and first of a kind high resolution digital archive of the Montreux Jazz Festival. October 2008
GOUYET, Jean-Noël. GERVAIS, Jean-François. Gestion des médias numériques: digital media asset management. Paris: Dunod, 2006. 328 p.
HATII, NINCH. The NINCH Guide to Good Practice in the Digital Representation and Management of Cultural Heritage Materials [online]. 2002. http://www.nyu.edu/its/humanities/ninchguide/index.html
[1] BRADLEY, Kevin. LEI, Junran. BLACKALL, Chris. Towards an Open Source Repository and Preservation System: Recommendations on the implementation of an Open Source Digital Archival and Preservation System and on Related Software Development [online] Paris: Unesco, 2007. 34 p. http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=24700&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
[2] BYCAST. White Paper: Best Practices for Long-term Data Storage and Preservation. 2008
[3] CONSULTATION COMMITTEE FOR SPACE DATA SYSTEMS (CCSDS). Reference Model for and Open Archival Information System (OAIS) [online]. Washington, DC: CCSDS, 2002. 148 p. http://public.ccsds.org/publications/archive/650x0b1.pdf
[4] COUGHLIN, THOMAS M. Archiving in the Entertainment and Professional Media Market [online]. Coughlin Associates: 2008. 17 p. http://www.tomcoughlin.com/Techpapers/Archiving%20in%20the%20Entertainment%20and%20Media%20Market%20%20Report,%20final,%20021808.pdf
[5] DIGICULT. Digital Asset Management Systems for the Cultural and Scientific Heritage Sector. In: Digicult [online]. Thematic Issue 2, December 2002. 43 p. www.digicult.info/downloads/thematic_issue_2_021204_low_resolution.pdf
[6] DICKSON, Glen. The NBA's Living, Breathing Archive: Referee assessments among uses for NBA's digital library. In: Broadcasting and Cable [online]. June 16th 2008. http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/CA6570398.html?&display=Features&referral=SUPP&
[7] INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS (IEEE). IEEE Guide to the POSIX Open System Environment (OSE) [online]. New York, IEEE, 1995. 206 p. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=00552903
[8] JOHNSTON, Craig. Fox News Goes Tapeless: Network's News and Business Channels Install End-to-End Digital Workflow. In: TV Technology.com [online]. June 25th 2008. http://www.tvtechnology.com/pages/s.0082/t.14187.html
[9] LINDEN, Jim. MARTIN, Sean. MASTERS, Richard. PARKER, Roderick. Technology Watch Report: The large-scale archival of digital objects [online]. London: British Library, 2005 (DPC Technology Watch Series Report 04-03). 20 p. http://www.dpconline.org/docs/dpctw04-03.pdf
[10] OCLC/RLG WORKING GROUP ON PRESERVATION METADATA. Preservation Metadata and the OAIS Information Model: A Metadata Framework to Support the Preservation of Digital Objects [online]. Dublin, Ohio: OCLC, 2002. 54 p. http://www.oclc.org/research/projects/pmwg/pm_framework.pdf
[11] PREMIS EDITORIAL COMMITTEE. PREMIS Data Dictionary for Preservation Metadata version 2.0 [online]. Washington, DC: Library of Congress: 2008. 224 p. http://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/v2/premis-2-0.pdf
[12] PRESTOSPACE. Preservation towards storage and access: Standardised Practices for Audiovisual Contents in Europe. In: Prestospace [online]. Last updated 19.12.2007. http://www.prestospace.org/index.en.html
[13] ROSENTHAL, David S. H. ROBERTSON, Thomas. LIPKIS, Tom. REICH, Vicky. MORABITO, Seth. Requirements for Digital Preservation Systems: A Bottom-Up Approach. In: D-Lib Magazine [online]. Volume 11 Number 11, November 2005. http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november05/rosenthal/11rosenthal.html
[14] RLG. Trusted Digital Repositories: Attributes and Responsibilities: An RLG-OCLC Report [online]. Mountain View: RLG, 2002. 70 p. http://www.oclc.org/programs/ourwork/past/trustedrep/repositories.pdf
[15] SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL OF THE ACADEMY OF MOTION PICTURE ARTS AND SCIENCES. The Digital Dilemma: Strategic Issues in Archiving and Accessing Digital Motion Picture Materials. 2008


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Nancy Barrow
Mon-Fri: 6AM
IG @radiochick1 | TWITTER @radiochick1 | FACEBOOK Nancy Barrow
Nancy Barrow started her career in radio at Hartwick College. She had a regular slot on the radio station. After graduating she went to The New School of Contemporary Radio in Albany ,NY and completed that and headed off to Houston Texas for her first radio job at KMUV.The she moved back to Albany and worked at Rock station PYX 106 for 5 years. She did live broadcasts in London, Paris, Munich and New Orleans. Then she moved on to Buffalo NY and worked at top 40 stationQ102 and then to a lite station WJYE. After that she moved to Hartford and joined CBS.
Nancy's Namaste of the Day!
Nancy's Namaste Of The Day :)
Beat of CT: Prudence Crandall Center

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Masters winner to pocket cool $2.07 million!
Augusta - Francesco Molinari won't be dwelling on his British Open triumph at Carnoustie last year when he tees off alongside Tiger Woods in search of a Masters title on Sunday.
"I think, to be honest, every tournament is different and every time is different," Molinari said. "I think how I hit the ball tomorrow will help my comfort a lot more than thinking about Carnoustie.
"I don't think I'll be thinking about Carnoustie a lot tomorrow."
The Italian fired a six-under par 66 Saturday at Augusta National to stand on 13-under 203 after 54 holes, two strokes ahead of 14-time major winner Woods.
Molinari, who previous best Masters finish was a tie for 19th back in 2012, has played without a bogey for 43 holes, and is the only player with two bogey-free rounds this week.
Par-saving putts at the fourth and fifth and an up and down for par from a bunker at 18 were - for him - the highlights of a round that included six birdies.
"Mentally was very good," he said. "I would say the more important shots were probably the two par putts on four and five ... you keep momentum on your side if you make them. If you drop shots there, then it kind of changes the whole round."
Molinari also played alongside Woods in the final round at Carnoustie.
This time around, the Italian goes in with a two-shot lead over Woods and American Tony Finau - who will also play in the last group as tournament officials send players off in groups of three in a bid to beat inclement weather.
"He's obviously playing great golf," Molinari said of Woods. "So I'm aware it's not going to be easy tomorrow. But it's not like I can only worry about him.
"We've seen (Saturday) that you can shoot seven-, eight-under the way the course is playing.
"Obviously it's nice to be a little bit ahead, but you might just need one hole to change. You never know how it's going to go, especially around a course like here."


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Education · Sports
93-to-7 game shows 'the difference between a coach and an educator'
Bob Collins March 7, 2018, 10:29 AM Mar 7, 2018
It took a Massachusetts school superintendent to do what a girls basketball coach could not: apologize for running up the score in a sectional playoff game.
The East Bridgewater Lady Vikings, seeded fifth in the tourney, walked all over the 12th-seeded Madison Park Vocational High School Cardinals, 93-to-7.
Suffice it to say the game was never in doubt, which isn't the case with what message the coach was trying to send in his game plan.
It was "an unfortunate situation," superintendent Elizabeth Legault said. That's school superintendent-speak for "I don't know what coach Andrew MacDonald was thinking."
The score was 24-to-0 after one quarter, 48-to-4 at the half.
It was 70-4 as the buzzer sounded ending the third quarter, just as East Bridgewater kicked the ball outside for a three-point basket, the Brockton Enterprise reported. Classy.
East Bridgewater maintained a full-court press into the fourth quarter with its starters still in the game.
Legault asked local media not to report the score, too embarrassed by what her school had just done.
She said the athletic director talked to the coach after the game but declined to say what was said and the coach isn't talking.
A reporter was barred from attending a team practice to find out more.
"While not trying is not the way to go there are many ways that this could have been turned into a teaching moment. Play bench players who have sat all year supporting and encouraging their teammates. Tell your team they must make 10 passes prior to attempting a shot. Definitely take off the press," Keith Buohl, a Bridgewater fan said on the school's Facebook page.
"This is the difference between a coach and educator. I absolutely agree the coach should be disciplined but the administration should be held responsible too," he wrote. "I am sure they were at the game and could have interceded. Such a sad and unnecessary situation. This is a reflection on all involved."
"No one likes that type of score," the school superintendent said. "I'm hoping this game will bring a thoughtful reflection from our program leaders."
She said the score was not reflective of the student body nor the athletic program at the school.
On that point, she is entirely wrong.
(h/t: Paul Tosto)
basketball Youth Sports
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When at Times the Mob Is Swayed: A Citizen's Guide to Defending Our Republic
by Burt NeuborneBurt Neuborne
$23.39 $25.99 Save 10% Current price is $23.39, Original price is $25.99. You Save 10%.
Neuborne parses the genius of our constitutional system and the ways its built-in resilience will ultimately survive current attempts to dismantle it. While many important issue areas—women's right to choose, LGBTQ rights, separation of church and state—risk erosion, Neuborne argues that while the Constitution's inherent defense mechanisms can buy us time, only an active citizenry will allow us to fulfill Ben Franklin's charge to keep our republic.
When at Times the Mob Is Swayed is an invitation from one of our most respected legal lights to identify, celebrate, and defend our bedrock constitutional principles.
New Press, The
Burt Neuborne is the Norman Dorsen Professor of Civil Liberties and founding legal director of NYU School of Law's Brennan Center for Justice and has participated in more than two hundred cases in the U.S. Supreme Court. Neuborne is the author of Madison's Music and lives in New York.
1 How Good Are the Brakes on the Democracy Train? 3
2 Why the Sudden Concern About Fixing the Brakes? 19
3 Would You Buy This House? Repairing the Cracks in Democracy's Foundation 35
4 Do the External Judicial Brakes Work Anymore? 79
5 The Fortas Fiasco: How Not to Maintain the Brakes 103
6 What's Law Got to Do with It? Please Don't Kill All the Lawyers - Yet 127
7 In Praise of Seventh-Grade Civics: Separation of Powers in the Time of Trump 143
8 Applying Separation of Powers in the Time of Trump: Five Test Cases 157
9 Which Shell Is the Power Under? Federalism as a Protection of the Weak 197
Epilogue: Night Sweats-What If It All Comes Apart? 227
A Note on Notes 233
Praise for When at Times the Mob Is Swayed:
"His pragmatic tone and realistic approach to what needs to change, and why, makes for a nuanced discussion of civic minutiae, current affairs and historical context that is approachable."
—Shelf Awareness (Starred Review)
Praise for Burt Neuborne's Madison's Music:
"A veteran civil liberties lawyer delivers the sobering message…. Neuborne sees how different readings and interpretations of the Constitution will always cause problems. The Constitution is not above politics; it is often shaped by it…. [T]imely, frightening, and, hopefully, galvanizing reading."
"Neuborne's elegant book… provides an important guide, grounded in the First Amendment itself, for those working toward an electoral system more deserving of the label of democracy."
—David Cole, The New York Review of Books
"[A] detailed history of the transformation of First Amendment law."
—Adam Liptak, The New York Times
"A bold new approach to Interpreting the Constitution."
"An urgent message that deserves a wide readership."
"[E]legantly examines James Madison's intent when he initially drafted the First Amendment"
—Erwin Chemerinsky, The Chronicle of Higher Education
A veteran civil liberties lawyer delivers the sobering message that "there is no constitutional mechanic in the sky ready to swoop down and save American democracy from Donald Trump at the head of a populist mob. The fate of American democracy is up to us."
Neuborne (Civil Liberties/New York Univ. School of Law; Madison's Music: On Reading the First Amendment, 2015, etc.), who has been a part of more than 200 cases in the U.S. Supreme Court and has sued every president since Lyndon Johnson, draws on his decades of experience to discuss the depths of today's political threats. Most disturbing is the second chapter, in which the author points to the influence of Hitler on the current president's penchant for "demagogic manipulation." From "fake news" and promises to restore greatness, many similarities are too close for comfort. Most readers are already cognizant of the current situation, but Neuborne provides a helpful legal view of what could happen in the future. The author examines two kinds of "brakes" in our political system: internal electoral brakes and external judicial brakes, both of which are under siege. His solutions are difficult but doable. He really lets loose on the Supreme Court, noting that with the newest judges, we should obviously expect more right-leaning decisions in the years to come. The author also shows how Republican judges favor the autonomy of the strong over equality of the weak and how the Constitution's purposeful ambiguity continues to confuse. Even the drafters of the Constitution couldn't agree on the meanings of certain passages. Neuborne sees how different readings and interpretations of the Constitution will always cause problems. The Constitution is not above politics; it is often shaped by it. As the narrative morphs into a Supreme Court history, the author points out any number of possible events that have affected the court's decisions and our lives.
Though Neuborne's thoughts on the Mueller Report are already out of date, he provides timely, frightening, and, hopefully, galvanizing reading.
book by burt neuborne
american book
republic book
book by martin garbus
book by thomas berry
Amderesta The 3rd/4th Republic Omnibus #1
In the first three books of my Amderesta The 3rd/4th Republic Series, the Amdronian Group ...
In the first three books of my Amderesta The 3rd/4th Republic Series, the Amdronian Group Alliance is drawn towards an intergalactic war against the Blackanian Federation and their allies, the Northern Group Alliance and Eastern Alliance Federation. This version includes ...
Biographical Dictionary of the People's Republic of China
This biographical dictionary is an indispensable research tool for information about the prominent persons of ...
This biographical dictionary is an indispensable research tool for information about the prominent persons of the past seven decades in China. The book documents nearly 600 Chinese individuals who contributed, for better or worse, to the development of Chinese life ...
Companion to Plato's Republic
A step by step, passage by passage analysis of the complete Republic. White shows how ...
A step by step, passage by passage analysis of the complete Republic. White shows how the argument of the book is articulated, the important interconnections among its elements, and the coherent and carefully developed train of though which motivates its ...
Deaf Republic (LA Times Book Prize Winner)
Finalist for the National Book Award • Finalist for the PEN/Jean Stein Award • Finalist ...
Finalist for the National Book Award • Finalist for the PEN/Jean Stein Award • Finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award • Winner of the Los Angeles Times Book Prize • Winner of the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award • Winner ...
Hayti or the Black Republic
Hayti or the Black republic (1889). This book, Hayti or the Black Republic, by Spenser ...
Hayti or the Black republic (1889). This book, Hayti or the Black Republic, by Spenser St. John, is a replication of a book originally published before 1889. It has been restored by human beings, page by page, so that you ...
Kehinde Wiley: A New Republic
Filled with reproductions of Kehinde Wiley's bold, colorful, and monumental work, this book encompasses the ...
Filled with reproductions of Kehinde Wiley's bold, colorful, and monumental work, this book encompasses the artist's various series of paintings as well as his sculptural work—which boldly explore ideas about race, power, and tradition.
Lessons in Haitian Creole with Some Information Regarding
Lessons In Haitian Creole With Some Information Regarding The Republic Of Haiti.. Many of the ...
Lessons In Haitian Creole With Some Information Regarding The Republic Of Haiti.. Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in ...
Madison's Music: On Reading the First Amendment
"A detailed history of the transformation of First Amendment law" from one of the nation's ...
"A detailed history of the transformation of First Amendment law" from one of the nation's foremost civil liberties lawyers (The New York Times). Are you sitting down? It turns out that everything you learned about the First Amendment is ...


As a boy growing up in a military family in Ireland, I was always fascinated by the dedication of An Garda Síochána. I asked my parents many searching questions about the police and crimes on the evening news. They informed me that I should respect the police and that they always catch the criminal in the end, no matter how long it takes them. I came from a particularly large traditional military family going back many generations and so I was no stranger to the lofty ideals of sacrifice and working in the service of others. I believe it takes a really special kind of person to become a police officer and the real, sometimes thankless, challenges that the role of a police officer brings with it. I have worked with many international police officers and the same theme of dedication, sacrifice and professionalism becomes evident while they are on or off duty through very difficult challenges.
Those challenges are going to increase and become more complex in the future as more will be required from international police forces with regard to the ever changing nature of international security, the threat of international terrorism, protecting the public and national interests. This is where ordinary policing meets the terrorist threat. It is a fact that most improvised explosive devices and other terrorist paraphernalia will be discovered by a police officer or member of the public who will contact the police during the normal course of their duties. In fact highly alert inquisitive police officers have saved countless lives around the world from foiled terrorist attacks.
What motivates terrorists to seek to create mass casualties is twofold. The first strategy involves the terrorist demonstrating his or her determination and motivation by creating mass casualties in society in order to keep a high level of anxiety within it. The second strategy is that by being motivated to create mass casualties, the terrorist is forcing the government to motivate itself, to listen to his or her grievances and to take action or be influenced.
However the techniques, tactics and strategies for the international terrorist and indeed the lone wolf terrorist are ever changing and therefore so must the education, training, techniques tactics and strategies of police forces to mitigate the threat of terrorism both domestically and internationally. Gone are the days when most terrorists travelled overseas to get training in weapons and explosives in a desire to create loss, harm and serious damage in pursuit of political aims and objectives. This is because more international police forces and intelligence services are working together and are getting better at detecting suspects and suspicious activity. As a result the nature of countering terrorism is getting better so there must be a need for the potential terrorist to change the nature of his or her operations, communications and intentions. This nature is easily facilitated by the use of social media and online instructions about types, uses, effects and construction of explosive materials that can be homemade and transported to the intended target location.
It is therefore ever more likely that it will be the ordinary police officer carrying out routine patrols and ordinary policing that will be the first point of contact in preventing a terrorist attack or managing the catastrophic effects of successful terrorist attacks. This is evidenced with the Boston Marathon bombings. The terrorists knew very well that by placing their improvised explosive devices close to the finish line, they would incur massive damage and loss of life. Why? Because people's awareness would naturally be low while observing their loved ones finish the marathon and that the police would have most likely checked the route of the marathon prior to the start of the event.
The island of Ireland still has its problems with terrorism in that there are people who wish to create mass casualties: either criminal gangs or paramilitary groups targeting vehicles, etc. using UVIEDs (under vehicle improvised explosive devices). These types of indiscriminate specific attacks take no consideration for innocent passers-by or children playing in an area close to where a device may be planted next to or disguised under something else for concealment while awaiting their desired target.
Previous terrorist attacks show past history and modus operandi of terrorist groups or individual loan wolf terrorists. This makes them vulnerable as their techniques and tactics become visible. Most importantly it proves their capability, credibility and intention. This works very much in the favour of international police and intelligence services in detecting and deterring further attacks as every contact leaves a trace.
When policing high profile and public events remember that terrorists will always need to survey their target and will most probably wait until after the emergency services have checked the route before placing their explosive devices as the feeling of safety will be established. Remain vigilant when patrolling. Think like the terrorist wanting to create mass casualties. Where could you find a place with lots of members of the public congregating at the same time? This would be the area you need to keep observing even after you believe the place is secure. As a police officer you must also remember to watch for any watchers that might be watching your movements.
The sad reality is that they haven't gone away – for us all.
If as a police officer you discover something during the course of your duties that you think may be a suspicious package, then please follow this principle of 6 C's to guide you in protecting yourself, colleagues and members of the public.
Confirm – check, if there is a problem – yes /no. If you cannot identify the object then you may have a problem, go to stage 2.
Clear – clear the area. Never use electronic equipment to communicate while clearing an area as this could prematurely set off an explosive device via electronic initiation.
Cordon – cordon off the area to a minimum safety distance.
Communicate – remember if you have to communicate electronically, do so from outside of the cordoned off area.
Control – control entrance to restricted area from cordon area. Liaise and await arrival of emergency services. Inform emergency services of what you have seen, heard or smelt at the restricted location and the actions you have taken initially.
Check – check and keep checking the above principle of 6 C's to keep you focused and clear during the incident. By carrying out the principle of 6 C's you will help prevent an emergency evolving into a disaster. Remember – don't touch. Tell.


text:
/// <reference path="Uri" />

module nullstone {
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        isPrimitive: boolean;
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    export interface ITypeManager {
        defaultUri: string;
        xUri: string;
        resolveLibrary (uri: string): ILibrary;
        loadTypeAsync (uri: string, name: string): Promise<any>;
        resolveType(uri: string, name: string, /* out */oresolve: IOutType): boolean;
        add (uri: string, name: string, type: any): ITypeManager;
        addPrimitive (uri: string, name: string, type: any): ITypeManager;
        addEnum (uri: string, name: string, enu: any): ITypeManager;
    }
    export class TypeManager implements ITypeManager {
        libResolver: ILibraryResolver;

        constructor (public defaultUri: string, public xUri: string) {
            this.libResolver = this.createLibResolver();

            this.libResolver.resolve(defaultUri)
                .add(Array, "Array");

            this.libResolver.resolve(xUri)
                .addPrimitive(String, "String")
                .addPrimitive(Number, "Number")
                .addPrimitive(Number, "Double")
                .addPrimitive(Date, "Date")
                .addPrimitive(RegExp, "RegExp")
                .addPrimitive(Boolean, "Boolean")
                .addPrimitive(Uri, "Uri");
        }

        createLibResolver (): ILibraryResolver {
            return new LibraryResolver();
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        resolveLibrary (uri: string): ILibrary {
            return this.libResolver.resolve(uri || this.defaultUri);
        }

        loadTypeAsync (uri: string, name: string): Promise<any> {
            return this.libResolver.loadTypeAsync(uri || this.defaultUri, name);
        }

        resolveType (uri: string, name: string, /* out */oresolve: IOutType): boolean {
            oresolve.isPrimitive = false;
            oresolve.type = undefined;
            return this.libResolver.resolveType(uri || this.defaultUri, name, oresolve);
        }

        add (uri: string, name: string, type: any): ITypeManager {
            var lib = this.libResolver.resolve(uri || this.defaultUri);
            if (lib)
                lib.add(type, name);
            return this;
        }

        addPrimitive (uri: string, name: string, type: any): ITypeManager {
            var lib = this.libResolver.resolve(uri || this.defaultUri);
            if (lib)
                lib.addPrimitive(type, name);
            return this;
        }

        addEnum (uri: string, name: string, enu: any): ITypeManager {
            var lib = this.libResolver.resolve(uri || this.defaultUri);
            if (lib)
                lib.addEnum(enu, name);
            return this;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Mini O 1080p is an indoor HD smart home Wi-Fi camera built for the connected home.
Stay connected when you're not home. Receive motion alerts on your phone to keep track of what's happening. Take photos and record footage any time you want with the EZVIZ app, while easily saving or sharing on social media from your smartphone.
With the EZVIZ skill and Alexa, you can now interact with your Mini O 1080p using your voice through Echo Show and Echo Spot.
(3) EZVIZ Cloud – Most secure storage option.
Adding as many cameras as you want is easy and visible all in one app, for your home or small business. The Mini O 1080p runs on EZVIZ's adaptable platform, which adds new features and functionality as they become available with easy one-click updates.
(1) Download EZVIZ app on iOS 7.0+ (iPhone, iPad), Android 4.0+.
(2) Have smartphone or tablet on same 2.4GHz network as camera.
(3) Create an account and follow easy and quick setup steps in app.
*Please ensure to update your device firmware from the EZVIZ APP upon initial setup and check back regularly for future updates.
(1) Select the "Enable Skill" button in the Alexa APP to link your EZVIZ account and discover your device.
(2) Select a suitable name for your camera in the EZVIZ APP.
(3) Discover your camera in the Alexa APP.
*Image Encryption must be turned off from your camera settings in the EZVIZ APP to properly connect with Alexa.
EZVIZ MEETS ALEXA – Simply ask her to show you the babys room, the living room, or anywhere you have an EZVIZ camera. The Mini O 1080p can also be controlled by other smart home devices through IFTTT.
FULL HD 1080P HDR – It's all in the details. Video technology fully optimized for security purposes with high dynamic range, wide 135° angle, and full HD resolution. Nothing gets left in the dark.
MOTION DETECTION & TWO-WAY AUDIO – Motion activated recording and alerts ensure that you never miss another moment when you are away. Talk to your loved ones with a built in microphone and speaker.
FLEXIBLE PLACEMENT – With a magnetic base and included mounts for any surface, place the Mini O virtually anywhere. Intuitive ball joint can pivot the camera in any direction for optimal view.
MULTIPLE STORAGE OPTIONS – MicroSD card slot, EZVIZ Wi-Fi NVR, or the EZVIZ Cloud. Choose the storage option that's best for you. 30-day trial to the EZVIZ cloud is included with every purchase.


text:
Home/The Organization/Workshops, Training and Exercises
Palau announces CTBT Ratification at
Manila Workshop
CTBT Ratification Workshop brought together 15 SEAPFE Region States.
The Pacific Island State of Palau announced at a regional CTBTO workshop in Manila, Philippines, that it had just completed the national ratification process for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). Once the instruments of ratification are deposited with the United Nations Secretary-General, Palau will become the 18th State in the South-East Asia, Pacific and the Far East (SEAPFE) region to have ratified the Treaty.
The three-day workshop, hosted by the Government of the Philippines from 27-29 June, was being held especially for the SEAPFE region. Representatives from 15 States participated: China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Tonga, Tuvalu and Viet Nam.
Focusing on the Treaty status of States participating in the workshop, the Philippines, host country and ASEAN chair through June 2007, New Zealand and Viet Nam have all signed and ratified the Treaty with Palau's ratification awaiting confirmation. Eight others, i.e. China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Thailand, have signed but not yet ratified. The Treaty is still awaiting signature by the three small island States of Niue, Tonga and Tuvalu (in addition to Timor Leste, which did not attend the workshop).
South-East Asia, Pacific and Far East Region
Region-wide, 27 of the 32 States have signed the Treaty and 17 have formally ratified it. Of critical importance are the three Annex 2 States - China, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) and Indonesia - that belong to this region and who must ratify before the Treaty can enter into force. The DPRK has yet to sign the Treaty.
In his welcoming remarks, HE Alberto G. Romulo, Philippine Secretary of Foreign Affairs, reminded participants that "the nuclear age in fact dawned in our region … We must therefore collectively abhor the possibility of another Hiroshima and Nagasaki in our midst." The Philippines, as a ratifying State, has strongly supported the CTBT throughout the region because "we have faith in the global non-proliferation regime, of which this Treaty is a cornerstone," he said.
Citing former US President Bill Clinton's comment that the CTBT has been the "longest sought, hardest fought prize in the history of arms control", Jerzy Zaleski, of the UN Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) noted that, "by concluding the Treaty in 1996, States demonstrated their determination to put an end to over 50 years of nuclear testing, a period that witnessed over 2,000 test explosions." Mr Zaleski stressed the importance of universality, urging all States that had not yet done so to sign and/or ratify the Treaty without delay and emphasizing that such workshops were an effective tool to this end.
The Honorable Evan P. Garcia, Representative of the Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs to the UN and International Organizations, said in his welcome address that it was important to sustain the momentum. "Our journey has been long and arduous, but it does not stop until the CTBT enters into force. The longer we delay it, the longer we all court the unthinkable threats posed by the proliferation, testing and possible use of nuclear weapons."
In the words of Mr Ziping Gu, CTBTO Director of Legal and External Relations, this workshop aimed to "enhance awareness of CTBT-related work and assist States in obtaining benefits from the work of the Commission". It focused on three key issues: the political significance of the Treaty; verification technologies and capacity building; and civil and scientific applications, including tsunami warning systems, for States Signatories.
Political significance: The importance of the SEAPFE region in relation to nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament is illustrated by the fact that two of the five existing Nuclear Weapon Free Zones have been established there. As long ago as 1985, the Pacific Island Forum's member countries introduced the concept of a South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone in their Rarotonga Treaty. Then in 1995, with the signing of the Bangkok Treaty, the Southeast Asia Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone (SEANWFZ) was created, including all ten ASEAN Member Countries. Mr Garcia, in his address, encouraged Nuclear Weapons States to sign the Protocol of this Treaty, which symbolizes ASEAN's collective determination to achieve complete nuclear disarmament.
Verification technologies and capacity building: All participating countries expressed keen interest in accessing International Monitoring System data and International Data Centre products. They also requested further capacity building in this region.
Civil and Scientific applications: Many of the discussions at the workshop focused on the potential benefits of CTBT verification technologies. Since this region of the world is known to be vulnerable to natural disasters - ranging from tsunamis and typhoons to earthquakes and volcanoes that dot the Asia-Pacific "Ring of Fire" - catastrophe mitigation and management have long been among its top priorities. Ambassador Ana Teresa Dengo, Chairperson of the CTBTO Preparatory Commission, called for closer CTBTO cooperation in disaster prevention and verification techniques with UNESCO and the UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR), especially in global efforts to develop a tsunami-warning system in the Indian Ocean.
One of the practical outcomes of international cooperation thus far has been CTBTO's provision of continuous, real-time data from 31 IMS stations, to two international tsunami warning centres in Japan and the USA (Hawaii) and two national centres in Australia and Malaysia. As part of the half-day session on tsunami warning systems, workshop participants undertook a site visit to the Philippines' Auxiliary Seismic Station AS80 in Tagaytay, one of the 31 IMS data transmission stations mentioned above.
Dong-Myung Kim, Chief of the International Cooperation Section at the CTBTO Preparatory Commission in Vienna that had organized the workshop, expressed his appreciation for the excellent support and services provided by the Philippine organizers and the positive feedback from participants. Mr. Kim also thanked Australia, Japan, South Korea and UNESCO for their support of the workshop. Since 1998, the Commission has helped organize a total of twenty such regional workshops around the world, six of them in this region. "Given the high attendance and the very substantive discussions, this was one of the most successful workshops for the CTBTO", said Mr. Kim.


text:
Act of Valor è un film d'azione americano del 2012 diretto da Mike McCoy e Scott Waugh, scritto da Kurt Johnstad. Come interpreti dei protagonisti sono presenti: Alex Veadov, Roselyn Sánchez, Nestor Serrano e Emilio Rivera e soldati della Navy SEAL. Il film è stato distribuito dalla Relativity Media il 24 febbraio 2012.

Inoltre ha incassato $81 milioni in tutto il mondo, venendo nominato al Golden Globe 2013 per la miglior canzone originale.

Trama
Nelle Filippine in una scuola elementare un terrorista con un'autobomba uccide l'ambasciatore degli Stati Uniti, suo figlio, e decine di bambini. L'ideatore dell'attentato è un terrorista ceceno di nome Abu Shabal (Jason Cottle) uscito da un campo di addestramento in Indonesia.

In Costa Rica, invece, due agenti della CIA, Walter Ross (Nestor Serrano) e Lisa Morales (Roselyn Sanchez) si incontrano per fare il punto sulle operazioni riguardanti il loro obiettivo: un trafficante di droga di nome Mikhail "Christo" Troykovich. Gli uomini di Christo però uccidono Ross e catturano Morales che viene imprigionata in un campo nella giungla e torturata.

A Coronado, sette Navy SEALs sono a casa. Il tenente Drift confida a capo Dave che sua moglie è incinta e invita tutta la squadra a trascorrere del tempo insieme con le loro famiglie fino alla loro successiva missione. Il Team viene quindi inviato in Costa Rica per salvare l'agente Morales.

I sette Navy SEALs vengono paracadutati nella giungla per l'operazione di salvataggio e all'alba due battelli armati vengono inviati in appoggio lungo il fiume sul quale è costruito il campo di prigionia ed un mini-drone radiocomandato permette alle squadre di identificare i nemici. I Seals avvicinatisi al campo sentono le urla della Morales torturata e decidono di entrare immediatamente in azione e, nonostante Mikey venga colpito ad un occhio, salvano la Morales e con lei recuperano un telefono cellulare con le informazioni che la donna aveva raccolto. Tuttavia, lo scontro a fuoco ha allertato le forze nemiche che si dirigono verso il campo per cui i Seals fuggono con un camion nemico e vengono salvati dalle barche d'appoggio che neutralizzano i nemici sparando con le minigun installate sulle imbarcazioni.

Christo e Shabal, che si scoprono essere amici d'infanzia, si incontrano a Kiev. Christo sa che la CIA lo sta controllando e informa Shabal che il loro progetto comunque andrà a compimento. Shabal viene condotto da Christo nella fabbrica dove sono assemblati i giubbotti bomba contenenti cuscinetti a sfera in ceramica in quanto la ceramica può eludere i metal detector e inoltre i giubbotti sono confezionati in modo così sottili da poter essere indossati senza destare sospetti.

Nel frattempo su una nave d'assalto anfibia l'ufficiale Miller, a capo delle operazioni della squadra di SEAL, informa Drift che Mikey sopravviverà, ma che ha perso la vista da un occhio e informa che hanno avuto conferma che Shabal e Christo stanno lavorando insieme. Il piano di Shabal, terrorista musulmano di vecchia scuola, è quello di portare il jihād in territorio statunitense mentre Christo non è un semplice trafficante di droga, ma un contrabbandiere che gestisce anche il traffico di clandestini verso gli Stati Uniti.

Due dei Seals, Ajay e Ray, sono inviati in Somalia, dove è in corso un trasferimento di armi che coinvolge Shaba mentre l'Ufficiale Miller parte alla caccia di Christo in un punto imprecisato dell'oceano. Il Tenente Drift dà una lettera a Dave nel caso in cui venisse ucciso.

In Somalia viene confermata la presenza di Shabal e di altri sedici terroristi e viene identificato il loro aereo. Seguendo il piano di volo identificano che si dirigono su un'isola al largo della Baja California, dove la squadra dà l'assalto al mezzo. L'attacco ha successo e porta alla morte di otto terroristi ma Drift è quasi ucciso da un RPG che lo colpisce in pieno petto ma non detona.

Nel frattempo, nel Pacifico del Sud, Christo si nasconde a bordo del suo yacht, difeso da mezzi armati e mercenari. Identificato lo yacht, vengono inviati diversi elicotteri e motoscafi armati che, uccise le guardie, catturano Christo. Miller conduce l'interrogatorio minacciando l'uomo di separarlo per sempre dalla sua famiglia e Christo decide così di collaborare e rivela la sua complicità con Shabal ed i suoi piani che prevedono di far esplodere dei martiri di origine filippina con indosso i giubbotti all'interno del territorio degli Stati Uniti. Il loro obiettivo è quello di creare il panico e produrre un danno economico superiore addirittura a quello degli attacchi dell'11 settembre.

I Seals sono informati del fatto che non tutti i loro obiettivi sono stati neutralizzati ma che la metà di essi, tra cui lo stesso Shabal, sono diretti verso gli Stati Uniti. I Seals, in collaborazione con le forze speciali messicane, sono inviati a neutralizzare gli obiettivi rimanenti anche se l'assalto sarà estremamente pericoloso, poiché i contrabbandieri sono supportati dal cartello della droga locale. I Seals e le forze messicane danno l'assalto alla fabbrica dove si nascondono i terroristi, nascondendosi nei cassone ribaltabile di un camion. Quando raggiungono il tunnel, un nemico getta una granata F1 nella stanza e Drift la vede ma, capendo che la sua squadra non può fuggire dalla stanza in tempo, vi si getta sopra ferendosi mortalmente. Dave infuriato dal sacrificio dell'amico insegue i terroristi da solo e li raggiunge mentre cercano di fuggire attraverso un tunnel. Esaurite le munizioni Dave estrae la pistola per fermare Shabal che però lo colpisce con quasi trenta colpi di AK-47 ferendolo gravemente. Shabal successivamente viene intercettato da Sonny che lo uccide.

Sul finale viene rivelato che la narrazione di Dave per tutto il film era una lettera scritta per il figlio di Drift, nella quale viene spiegato il valore del padre che egli purtroppo non conoscerà mai, e che termina con la poesia "Live Your Life" di Tecumseh.

Produzione
Nel 2007, Mike McCoy (noto anche come Mouse McCoy) e Scott Waugh della Bandito Brothers Production avevano girato un video per il corpo speciale SWCC (Special Warfare Combatant-craft Crewmen) specializzato in incursioni dietro le linee nemiche con l'utilizzo spesso di imbarcazioni agili e veloci e la Marina degli Stati Uniti aveva messo loro a disposizione veri SEAL in servizio attivo. Dopo aver trascorso così tanto tempo a lavorare a stretto contatto con i Seals, McCoy e Waugh svilupparono l'idea di un moderno film d'azione che avesse come protagonista questo corpo speciale. I registi si resero conto ben presto che gli attori non avrebbero potuto interpretare realisticamente i ruoli che avevano scritto e così i Seals passarono da semplici consulenti ad attori veri e propri. I nomi dei Seals sono rimasti comunque anonimi, in quanto nessuno dei loro nomi appare nei crediti del film.

Il film è stato realizzato in collaborazione con Tom Clancy e per la Marina Militare Americana la pellicola ha avuto lo scopo promozionale di reclutare nuovi Seals.

Relativity Media ha acquisito i diritti per il progetto il 12 giugno 2011 per $13 milioni con $30 milioni di impegno pubblicitario. Deadline.com ha definito questa "la cifra più alta mai pagata per un film con un cast sconosciuto". Il budget di produzione è stato stimato essere tra $15 milioni e 18 milioni.

Le riprese si sono svolte in Cambogia. A Phnom Penh è stata girata la scena dell'esplosione con 300 bambini come comparse mentre altre scene sono state girate a San Diego al Blue Foot Bar e in una casa nella zona di North Park. Altre location sono state in Messico), Porto Rico, Ucraina), Florida e al John C. Stennis Space Center nel Mississippi.

Promozione
Il trailer italiano è stato diffuso il 10 marzo 2012.

Distribuzione
Il film è uscito in USA il 24 febbraio 2012, mentre è arrivato nelle sale italiane il 4 aprile 2012, distribuito da M2 Pictures.

Premi e riconoscimenti
Il film è stato candidato al Teen Choice Awards 2012, come Miglior film d'azione.

La canzone For You di Keith Urban, è stata nominata per un Golden Globe come Miglior canzone originale.

Accoglienza
Il film su Rotten Tomatoes ha totalizzato un indice di gradimento del 26% basandosi su 137 recensioni, con un punteggio di 4.5/10.

Colonna sonora
Relativity Media il 21 febbraio 2012 ha pubblicato ufficialmente la colonna sonora del film. Essa include 10 canzoni di artisti appartenenti al genere country.

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Film di guerra
Film d'azione
Film basati su eventi reali

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
André Oliva
PhD Student - Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics - University of Tübingen
Supervisor: Dr. Rolf Kuiper
We present the highest-resolution 3D radiation-gravito-hydrodynamical simulations to date of a fragmenting accretion disk in the context of massive star formation: from the gravitational collapse of a 200 $\mathrm{M_\odot}$ cloud, to the early stages of companion formation.
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Physics and grid
The simulations consider the following physical effects:
Gas hydrodynamics (PLUTO: Mignone et al 2007)
Self gravity (Haumea: Kuiper, Yorke & Mignone 2020)
Radiation transport (Makemake: Kuiper, Yorke & Mignone 2020)
Frequency-dependent stellar irradiation
Diffuse thermal (re-)emission by the dust and gas
Stellar evolution (evolutionary tracks from Hosokawa & Omukai 2009)
We used a time-independent grid in spherical coordinates. The radial coordinate scales logarithmically, the azimuthal coordinate scales linearly and the polar angle varies with the cosine function so that the maximum resolution is achieved in the midplane. Due to the very high resolution used, we could treat fragmentation self-consistently, that is, without the need for sink particles.
Initial conditions and overview
We start from the gravitational collapse of a $200 \mathrm{\,M_\odot}$ cloud with a density and rotation profiles (see figure above). Due to angular momentum conservation, an accretion disk is formed. After 4 kyr, the accretion disk forms spiral arms; they in turn form fragments. Fragmentation continues up to ~15 kyr of evolution.
Dynamics of fragmentation
The fragments have typical masses of 1 $\mathrm{M_\odot}$, and typical radii of a few up to $40 \mathrm{\,au}$. Their orbits are highly eccentric, and the average period is $\sim 1\mathrm{\,kyr}$. We observe several interactions between the fragments: mergers, changes in orbits due to gravitational interactions between fragments, inward migration due to spiral arm action. When a fragment gets accreted by the central massive protostar, an accretion burst is observed. Some of these interactions are illustrated below.
Companion formation
The fragments are hydrostatically supported and form first Larson cores (see video below), consistent with the results of core collapse simulations performed by Bandhare et al. (2018). The fragments also form secondary disks surrounding them. By tracking the central temperature of the fragments, we can estimate the point in which they reach the hydrogen dissociation limit (2000 K) and would form second Larson cores.
By estimating how many fragments evolve further into second cores, we estimate a number of companions formed in our simulation. At the end of the simulated time, the highest-resolution simulation yields ~6 companions: 3 close (possible spectroscopic) companions, and 3 in the middle and outer disk (at distances of the order of 1000 au from the primary).
Convergence study
For the first time in the context of disk fragmentation in high-mass star formation, we performed a thorough convergence study, from a largely unresolved case, down to a converged case. We ran five simulations at different resolutions (named in the figure below as x1, x2, x4, x8 and x16, in order of increasing resolution), with identical setups.
We find that, while all our simulations resolve the vertical pressure scale height and the Jeans length of the background disk (i.e., the disk without the fragments and spiral arms), only x8 and x16 resolve the Jeans length, including the fragmenting regions.
Comparing our grid to the setup of previous studies that use adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) grids, we find that only AMR grids with a minimum cell size of 5 au (AMR 5 in the figure) resolve the Jeans length, while AMR grids of bigger minimum cell sizes do not, and are therefore prone to numerical fragmentation.
Main paper: Oliva, G.A. & Kuiper, R., 2020, A&A, 644, A41
Bhandare, A., Kuiper, R., Henning, T., et al., 2018, A&A, 618, A95
Hosokawa, T. & Omukai, K., 2009, ApJ, 691, 823
Kuiper, R., Yorke, H. W., & Mignone, A., 2020, ApJS, 250, 13
Mignone, A., Bodo, G., Massaglia, S., et al. 2007, ApJS, 170, 228


I came across an article in the New York Times about USA Football experimenting with what they are calling 'Modified Tackle' football for youth. Then again this morning, Nancy Armour wrote about it in the USA Today. I think this is a great idea. I have written extensively about youth football – Hustle & Attitude is about providing positive youth sports experiences for kids; and this includes safety as the minimum requirement. Where football is concerned, the question of safety has been paramount over the last 18-24 months. What USA Football is proposing is a step towards making youth football safer – which will make for a more positive experience for children.
Is this a crisis situation for football? Participation among 9-12 yr olds is down 20% since 2009…that's 20% fewer future high school players. Where do 99+% of NFL players come from? College football. Where do 99+% of college players come from? High school football. Make no mistake, if kids stop playing high school football, the NFL pipeline will dry up. Particularly in light of safer (at least statistically) alternatives like lacrosse and soccer (especially with the new rule eliminating heading below the age of 10).
To me, the only criticism detractors can offer is something along the lines of 'it's not real football'…OK, and? My reaction is similar to my disbelief with baseball coaches who balk at the institution of pitch counts for high schoolers…seriously?!? With all the data we have; doesn't it just make too much sense to err on the side of caution?
What an interesting dichotomy in the responses from the heads of USA Football and Pop Warner football. I agree with the director of USA Football that "this is the future of the game". And on the flip side…what a very short-sighted view on the part of the Executive Director of Pop Warner. Seems to me; one of them gets it and one doesn't.
The comparison to youth baseball is a solid one. Armour emphasizes this point in her USA Today article. Currently, youth football doesn't have a similar progression from t-ball to coach pitch to regular baseball with the pitching mound and base path distance differences…yet. Flag football and this 'modified tackle' format might be the beginnings of this. Something like going from flag football to this new modified tackle to real tackle at high school sounds reasonable. See my previous post about the idea of 'hit counts' for another corollary to youth baseball that could apply to youth football.
I really appreciate seeing a recommendation for the children to play multiple positions. This is a cornerstone of the Hustle & Attitude philosophy.
I'm not sure what to make of Jon Gruden's comments. There are a lot of smart people out there suggesting kids shouldn't play tackle football (at least until high school) – I like to think I am one of them. I agree with Terry O'Neil that youth shouldn't play tackle until high school. However, I don't think Gruden is using the term 'genius' in a complementary way. I've heard him hype football as a great game and enthusiastically support the game on Monday Night Football, but his comments here feel like at worst, those of a corporate shill mouthing the words of the bosses who have a game to protect and sell or, at best unenlightened, ignorant, and/or generally dismissive of the current realities.
Finally, a note of concern from the article: the national rollout is several years away?!? What are we waiting for; another 20% of children to lose interest in football? This is a necessary move in the right direction that should be implemented immediately.


Think it's impossible to stay charged in the remote Richtersveld or in the heart of the bush? Think again.
First aid is important in the wild, but feeling weighed down and burdened with precautions can be a drag. Luckily, there are ways to stay safe in the wilderness and stay unencumbered by supplies.


text:
John F Kennedy (horse)
Überlin
Berlin (TV series)
Berlin (sculpture)
John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. The Cuban Missile Crisis, The Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, the establishment of the Peace Corps, developments in the Space Race, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Civil Rights Movement, the "New Frontier" domestic program,and abolition of the federal death penalty in the District of Columbia all took place during his presidency. Kennedy also avoided any significant increase in the American presence in Vietnam, refusing to commit combat troops and keeping the level of others, mostly military advisors, to only 16,000, compared to the 536,000 troops committed by his successor, Lyndon Johnson, by 1968.
Kennedy's time in office is also marked by high tensions with Communist states, particularly Cuba. An attempt in April 1961 at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow the country's dictator, Fidel Castro, was thwarted by armed forces within three days. His administration subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba. In October 1962, it was discovered Soviet ballistic missiles had been deployed in Cuba; the resulting period of unease, often termed the Cuban Missile Crisis, is seen by many historians as the closest the human race has ever come to war featuring the use of nuclear weapons on both or multiple sides.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/John_F._Kennedy
John F Kennedy foaled 8 May 2012 is an Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse. He was beaten as an odds on favourite on his debut but won his next two races, the final being the Juvenile Turf Stakes. At the end of 2014 he was one of the antepost favourites for the Epsom Derby.
John F Kennedy's sire is leading sire Galileo and his dam is a the dual group 1 winning filly Rumplestiltskin. He is a full brother to Tapestry winner of the 2014 Yorkshire Oaks. He is breed on the highly successful Galileo Danehill cross which has produced horses including Frankel, Roderic O'Connor and Teofilo. He is named after the 35th President of the United States John F Kennedy.
Racing career
2014: two-year-old season
John F Kennedy's career began in a Maiden race over a Mile at Leopardstown Racecourse. He began odds on favourite but was beaten 2 and a half lengths by the Jim Bolger trained Hall of Fame under a ride by Joseph O'Brien. He won his next start at The Curragh by 4 and a half lengths. Despite an entry in the Racing Post Trophy his final start of 2014 came back at Leopardstown in the Juvenile Turf Stakes which he won beating stablemate East India.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/John_F_Kennedy_(horse)
The Berlin Crisis of 1961 (4 June – 9 November 1961) was the last major politico-military European incident of the Cold War about the occupational status of the German capital city, Berlin, and of post–World War II Germany. The USSR provoked the Berlin Crisis with an ultimatum demanding the withdrawal of Western armed forces from West Berlin—culminating in the city's de facto partition with the East German erection of the Berlin Wall.
The 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union—the last to be attended by the Communist Party of China—was held in Moscow during the crisis.
Emigration through Berlin "loophole"
After the Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe at the end of World War II, some of those living in the newly acquired areas of the Eastern Bloc aspired to independence and wanted the Soviets to leave. Between 1945 and 1950, over 15 million people emigrated from Soviet-occupied eastern European countries to the West. Taking advantage of this route, the number of Eastern Europeans applying for political asylum in West Germany was 197,000 in 1950, 165,000 in 1951, 182,000 in 1952 and 331,000 in 1953.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Berlin_Crisis_of_1961
"Überlin" is a song by American alternative rock band R.E.M.. It was released as the second single from their fifteenth and final studio album Collapse into Now on January 25, 2011.
The song's music video was directed by Sam Taylor-Wood and stars her fiancé, actor Aaron Johnson.
Formats and track listings
7-inch single (United Kingdom and United States)
"Überlin" – 4:15
"What's the Frequency, Kenneth?" (live in Oslo, Norway) – 3:44
Digital download (Germany)
"Everyday Is Yours to Win" (live in studio) – 3:38
Digital download (United States)
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Music video on YouTube
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Überlin
Berlin is a 2009 documentary series co-developed by the BBC and the Open University. Written and presented by Matt Frei, the series has three 60-minute episodes, each dealing with a different aspect of the history of Germany's capital city.
Episode 1 – "Dangerous Ideas"
Using the life and posthumous legacy of Frederick the Great as its central theme, this episode covers some of the most notable political, social and cultural movements to emerge within Berlin over the past two centuries.
Episode 2 – "Ruined Visions"
From the advent of the former Berliner Stadtschloss to the Palast der Republik which for a time took its place, from the creation of the Bauakademie to that of the Olympic Stadium, and from the rise of the Fernsehturm to the rejuvenation of the Reichstag, this episode looks at the varied periods of construction, destruction and renewal seen in the architecture of the city of Berlin.
Episode 3 – "Ich bin ein Berliner"
Turning to look at the legacy which history has placed upon the people of Berlin – and that which Berliners themselves have offered in turn – this episode charts the tumultuous eras which the city has endured, for good or ill, through the course of the 19th and 20th centuries.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Berlin_(TV_series)
Berlin is the name of a sculpture on the Tauentzienstraße in western Berlin, the capital of Germany.
First conceived in 1985 and unveiled by the husband-and-wife sculpting team of Brigitte Matschinsky-Denninghoff and Martin Matschinsky in 1987, the sculpture's principal motif, a "broken chain", was meant to symbolize the severed connections between West and East Berlin due to the construction of the Berlin Wall.
Even though the Wall has since been dismantled, the sculpture was bought by the city from Mrs. Matschinsky-Denninghoff to commemorate the unfortunate chapter in German history.
Berlin was one of eight sculptures designed during "Skulpturenboulevard Kurfürstendamm" (Boulevard of Sculptures: Kurfürstendamm), an event commissioned by the city of West Berlin to celebrate Berlin's 750th anniversary in 1987. Of the eight sculptures unveiled, three were allowed to remain past the anniversary year (Berlin, Pyramide, and Cadillacs in Form der nackten Maja); the city and Deutsche Bank acquired Berlin after its original lease had expired.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Berlin_(sculpture)
A Memorial Album released: 1963
A Memorial Album
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Part I
add to main playlist Play in Full Screen Part II
Died: 1963-11-22
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Berlin Wall, Johnny Clegg & Savuka
Berlin Wall, Johnny Clegg
Welcome to my island
But please don't you stay too long
I wouldn't want anyone to think
That something's going on
Toe the line
And you'll be fine
You'll see another day
Don't connect,
Don't reflect,
Just fetch your weekly pay
Oh sister don't you feel
What I know inside my bones
I'll meet you on the underground
And we'll make a call on the telephone
Can you hear this call
For one world, one nation
Who can it be banging at my door
I can't trust anyone anymore
I drink my beer in a state of fear
Is tyher no salvation
Wire on the gate,
Barbs of hate
To separate one nation
Around your heart
A ring of steel
I can't get out
And I can't get in.
One for all, and all for one
Every river I know
Is dreaming of the sea
My body feels like a prison to me
I'd like to fly and touch you
With a sacred dream
Come on, mama, don't delay
I know you think I'm far away
I'm only looking for a sign --
Are you ready to cross the line?
Libya was the most popular departure point for illegal crossings into southern Europe last year, the European Border and Guard Agency said. One-third of about 200,000 people who were stopped last year by coastal and border guards in European countries had arrived by crossing the Central Mediterranean. The route runs from North Africa, primarily from Libya, to Italy....
Frustrated by the delays and complaining of a lack of ... "I've met with leaders of countries and government ministers; the police have said I'm innocent; but all of that seems to count for nothing....
Vestea cea mare despre Pfizer a venit acum! Anunțul pe care milioane de oameni îl așteptau
Anunțul momentului despre Pfizer! Cât de eficientă este pilula ......
Adevărul crunt despre certificatul verde! Rareș Bogdan aruncă bomba. Toată lumea trebuie să știe
... și "mișcarea anti-vaccinistă" a cuprins tot mai multe persoane acum....
Invitat la România Tv, Gigi Becali a vorbit despre vaccinarea anti-covid....
Novak Djokovic a luat o decizie la care nimeni nu se aștepta! A devenit acționar ...
Novak Djokovic a luat o decizie la care nimeni nu se aștepta! A ......
Pfizer dă lovitura anului. Adio, vaccin? Anunțul oficial al companiei
Medicamentul Pfizer anti-COVID-19, Paxlovid, este eficient împotriva tulpinii Omicron precum în ......
Tragedia momentului! O lume întreagă este în doliu. A influenţat generaţii întregi
... de către agentul acestuia, David Vigliano, transmite The Independent....
Secretarul de stat al SUA, vizită oficială la Kiev și Berlin. Amenințarea Rusiei, principalul subiect ...
Secretarul de stat al SUA, Antony Blinken, se va deplasa săptămâna aceasta ......
Adio, mașini pe benzină și motorină! Germania trimite o undă de şoc în Europa. Schimbare radicală
Germania pare să-şi modifice obiectivele cu privire la autovehiculele ......
Lovitură totală pentru Pfizer! A explodat bomba. Vestea vine din Israel
O a patra doză de vaccin anti-COVID-19 ......
Umaniștii acuză haosul din învățământ: Actul educațional a fost sacrificat
... că măsurile anti-COVID luate au dus la inechitatea actului educațional....
Femeile însărcinate trebuie să știe acest lucru. Este periculos sau nu vaccinul ARN mesager? EMA ...
Vaccinurile anti-COVID-19 care folosesc tehnologia ARN mesager nu determină ......
Certificatul verde, obligatoriu la muncă! Se aplică din 24 ianuarie. Un gigant cere dovada vaccinării
Potrivit unui email intern citat de site-ul The Verge, gigantul va solicita ......


text:
Soccer 360 Magazine
Featuring the Best from Around the World!
Insta-Famous Footballers
Feature Latest News
soccer360magazine
Cristiano Ronaldo is far more than just one of the greatest footballers of all time, he's a global brand. The Portuguese, at the time of writing, has 191 million Instagram followers. It's a number which makes him not only the most followed footballer on the social media site but the most followed person of any kind. He is 24 million followers ahead of his closest rival, pop star Ariana Grande, who has 167 million. In terms of other footballers on the app, Ronaldo is light-years ahead of his contemporaries. Lionel Messi, Ronaldo's nemesis, is the second-most followed athlete, the Barcelona player has 137 million followers. He is closely followed by Brazilian sensation Neymar who has 129 million. In terms of the women's' game, USWNT pair Alex Morgan and Megan Rapinoe lead the pack with 9.3 million and 2.2 million respectively.
Megan Rapinoe – Second-most followed women's player
Alex Morgan – Most-followed women's player
James Rodriguez
The significance of Ronaldo's Instagram fame is more than just for publicity reasons. He is estimated to make around $47-million per annuum through sponsored posts and endorsements. By contrast, Ronaldo – who is one of the highest paid footballers in the world – makes $34-million from his Juventus contract. Juventus themselves just 34 million Insta fans, their superstar forward dwarfs them in terms of social media presence in this respect. This is one of the main reasons Juve brought Ronaldo to Turin, to capitalise on his immense marketing value.
So, what does the great man post on his record-breaking Instagram? Well, all sorts. His most recent post was an advert for his new range of CR7 merchandise, aftershave underwear and the like. As well as commercial posts however, there are dozens if not hundreds of shots of Ronaldo in action on the field of play, both for Juventus and for Portugal. He also gives us glimpses into his family life with snaps of him and his long-term girlfriend Georgina Rodriguez and his three kids. Apart from that, Cristiano's posts could be pictures of him and his teammates behind the scenes at Juventus or an insight into his rigorous post-match recover programme.
Although there is fierce debate as to whether Ronaldo is the greatest footballer of all-time, there can be no doubt that he has the most significance in the social media sphere. His influence means that he will continue to earn millions upon millions long after he has left the pitch. At 35, Ronaldo has been well-advised to make the most out of his fame while he still is well within the public eye. Who knows how much bigger his brand could become in the remaining years of his career? If he continues his extraordinary achievements on the pitch then he is sure to reap the rewards off it. Too.
Tags: Cristiano Ronaldo, news, Serie A
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Mo Salah: The Egyptian King
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Variety Plus Icon Read Next: The Match Factory Reveals Berlinale Lineup, Including Two Competition Titles (EXCLUSIVE)
Oct 20, 2014 2:48pm PT
Jason Momoa Talks Aquaman: 'I Think We're Going to Be Kicking Some Ass'
By Shelli Weinstein
Shelli Weinstein
@shellidw
TV Land Icon Awards Celebrate Classics With John Stamos, Debbie Allen, Norman Lear 6 years ago
'New Girl' Hits Its 100th Episode: Cast and Creators Weigh in on What's Next 6 years ago
Emmys: Live TV Booming Again Thanks to Musicals, Gameshows, Sitcoms 7 years ago
Andrew Toth/Getty Images
During an appearance at Atlanta's Walker Stalker convention this past weekend, actor Jason Momoa reportedly spoke about his newly confirmed role as Aquaman in the expanding DC Comics cinematic universe.
According to Comicbook.com, Momoa explained the secrecy surrounding the role, telling fans, "Listen, I was asked to play it. You know, you audition and stuff like that, but the fact is you've just got to keep it quiet… I was just trying to respect Warner Bros. and everyone's wishes. I'm really, really happy that I don't have to be quiet anymore, because that's really hard for me."
On the subject of his rumored appearance in "Batman v. Superman: Dawn of Justice," Momoa demurred, "I really wish I could say something, but I don't even know… I found out some of the characters that are in 'Justice League' that are casted that I didn't know. So you found out when I found out. And that stuff is pretty tight-lipped so I don't have anything to give."
He reportedly added that the solo "Aquaman" pic, announced at Warner Bros.' investors meeting last week, is likely to shoot in 2016 or 2017, though he doesn't know much more.
"I don't know the director. I know about as much as you guys know," he said. "I know the 'Justice League' will come first. That's really what we're going to focus on. I'm not sure if it will be [set] prior to 'Justice League' or post. I don't know too much about it. It will probably be where he came from. It will probably be his whole origin story I would think… I know we're going to do 'Justice League' first."
Momoa's comments appear to confirm that Aquaman will be a part of the first "Justice League" film, to be directed by Zack Snyder and released in 2017, though Warner Bros. has only officially confirmed the involvement of Henry Cavill's Superman, Ben Affleck's Batman, and Amy Adams' Lois Lane thus far.
"It's cool be a part of DC's universe. I'm really excited to be with Warner Bros., and hopefully everyone likes it. And Zack Snyder's a genius, so I'm really excited to be hanging out with him," Momoa added, speculating on the potential storyline of the hotly anticipated superhero team-up. "I don't think there will be a romance any time soon in 'Justice League.' I think we're going to be kicking some ass. But I don't know for sure, because there's no script yet."
While Aquaman has long been disparaged by some comics fans (some of whom probably had their hearts set on seeing Vincent Chase in the role), Snyder is clearly a supporter of the hero, recently calling into a Detroit radio show to defend the character after the hosts questioned his rumored involvement in "Dawn of Justice," pointing out, "he's super strong… he has the potential to be bad ass."
Perhaps spurred by fervent fan interest in Momoa's rising star, the actor's audition tape for HBO's "Game of Thrones" resurfaced today. In it, Momoa can be seen performing a traditional Maori haka dance — easily demonstrating the intensity and aggression that became a hallmark of his performance as Khal Drogo — an intensity that will likely translate to his role as the King of Atlantis.
"Batman v. Superman: Dawn of Justice" will hit theaters on March 25, 2016.
Aquaman,
Batman V Superman: Dawn of Justice,
Dc Comics,
Jason Momoa,
Warner Bros.,


Discovering a bright LED flashlight is not at all challenging in today's industry. LED flashlights are bright virtually necessarily because of the solid luminescent efficiency inherent in the light sending out diode. Undoubtedly, brightness was so widely lacking in the conventional flashlight that when individuals knowledgeable about it try out the new products they are happily shocked.
The brilliant LED flashlight illumines so well that you can see basically everything in the path of its beam. The question is not whether there is sufficient illumination but instead exactly how strong is that brightness. It made use of to be real that the brightest light was best for all purposes, that illumination surpassed everything else, but now various other functions are coming to be extra noticeable in relevance and positioned on much more equal footing with illumination.
To establish just what is brilliant quantitatively is a somewhat deceptive undertaking. Our eyes are developed to respond to absolute levels that vary over 10-12 orders of size, as well as they readjust as necessary, dilating or contracting the students to accomplish maximum vision quality and also the best feasible convenience area. As a result, our feeling of illumination does not always represent the unbiased outright at all; it is subjective and also originated from relative measures.


Author Gabriella Coleman, Ph.D., an expert on hackers and digital activism, will discuss The Ethics of Hacking on Thursday, Sept. 19 at the inaugural event of Manhattan College's Center for Ethics. The Center for Ethics recently re-launched at the College, and has expanded its focus to further engage the College and local community on ethical issues.
Coleman is the Wolfe Chair in Scientific and Technological Literacy in the Department of Art History and Communication Studies at McGill University in Montreal. She is the author of Coding Freedom: The Aesthetics and the Ethics of Hacking, and is currently working on a new book on Anonymous and digital media.
She received a Ph.D. and an M.A. from the University of Chicago in socio-cultural anthropology and a B.A. in religious studies from Columbia University.
The Sept. 19 event will start at 7 p.m. in Smith Auditorium with a reception to follow and is open to the public. Please call (718) 862-7124 or email centerforethics@manhattan.edu with questions about the event.
The mission of Manhattan College's Center for Ethics includes encouraging dialogue between theorists and practitioners, the Manhattan College community and surrounding communities, and addressing issues of social justice. It promotes engagement with the complexities of ethical life by drawing on the resources of Manhattan College and experts from the region. The Center is cross-disciplinary and enlists the expertise of people from various academic disciplines. For more information, visit the Center's webpage.