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When it comes to cruise ship passengers, how much is too much? Visitor industry insiders differ.
Adelyn Baxter, KTOO - Juneau
The Holland America cruise ship Zaandam docked in Juneau on June 22, 2018. (Photo by Adelyn Baxter/KTOO)
Visitor industry stakeholders from around the state gathered in Juneau last week for the annual Alaska Travel Industry Association convention.
After a season of record-breaking growth, the gathering celebrated the summer's success. But while some communities and tour operators look to expand their foothold in the industry, others voiced concern about the need for serious conversations about how much is too much.
John Binkley, former president of Cruise Line International Association of Alaska, told conference-goers last week that this summer's growth was actually slightly less than projected — 14% as opposed to 16%.
That's still about 200,000 passengers more than last year. But Binkley said it wasn't as noticeable as some people feared.
"As I've spoken to different communities around the Southeast, that they have felt as though it was handled very well and that they were able to absorb that growth," Binkley said.
Related: Cruise boom brings more business to Sitka but strains some local attractions
Even though Binkley's role as head of the state chapter of CLIA came to an end on Friday, his interest in the industry will continue.
His family business still runs river cruises in Fairbanks and owns a stake in Wings Airways, a flightseeing company operated out of downtown Juneau in the summer.
Since nearly every cruise ship itinerary includes Juneau, Binkley said the industry looks to it as a statewide standard.
"So when we see things, trends happening in Juneau in terms of volumes, it's really indicative of what the industry is doing all around Alaska as well," he said.
He downplayed concerns about whether the number of passengers visiting Southeast is getting out of hand, especially since next year's growth is expected to be smaller at about 6%.
"It's more about how do we reduce the conflicts that there are when there are large numbers of people in the community?" Binkley said. "That's what Juneau has done so well and other communities are starting to recognize that and do things similarly."
Juneau does have a long history of managing tourism impacts. That's thanks to a local program that brings together stakeholders to figure out solutions to things like traffic congestion and noise from helicopters and floatplanes. Other communities, including Ketchikan, are now implementing aspects of the program.
The group, called Tourism Best Management Practices, also runs a hotline for residents to call in with concerns. And they do, with everything from whale watching tours to cruise ship emissions.
This year the hotline received 93 calls. That's a lot more than last year.
Kirby Day manages the program in addition to working for Princess Cruises. He said the high number of calls this summer didn't come as a surprise given this year's growth.
"Overtourism is not a myth," Day said. "I think that we're probably not there yet. But we could be if we don't continue to go on the path of talking to the community, listening to the community, that's important, and and reacting to some of the things that community members and residents are concerned about."
Sarah Leonard is the president of Alaska Travel Industry Association. While ATIA represents non-cruise tourism as well, cruise ships bring more than half of Alaska's annual visitors.
"I think the issue is providing a quality experience for visitors," Leonard said. "Alaska overall attracts over 2 million visitors to our state. And I think a commitment from our industry across the board is to continue to continue those quality and safe experiences."
But there are others who feel now is the time to have a frank conversation about the number of tourists visiting Alaska. Not just how to manage them, but whether there should be a limit to the growth.
Juneau resident Dan Blanchard owns Uncruise Adventures, a small cruise ship company that caters to small group experiences.
"How much is too much? I think we have to come up with a criteria of what that signal is, so that we can convince ourselves and the community and say, 'This, this is the threshold you're looking at,'" Blanchard said.
He said that threshold may not be a number, but it should be something quantifiable.
Talks are already underway at the local level to create a tourism task force made up of stakeholders from the industry who will sit down and examine the impacts of continued growth.
Previous articleAlaska News Nightly: Monday, Oct. 14, 2019
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Using yoga to help Detroiters
Everyone in Kerrie Trahan's family assumed she would go to law school—even Trahan herself.
But when several circumstances in her life led to stress, anxiety, depression and destructive habits, Trahan '05 said she knew she needed to focus on taking care of herself. She found that care through yoga. And now, she brings the health and wellness benefits of it to areas of Detroit that don't often see it.
Changing Directions
When she first started at University of Detroit Mercy, Trahan explored the biological sciences and planned to become a pharmaceutical representative.
"When I first started college, an aunt of mine influenced me and encouraged me to look at the course descriptions of a variety of classes and make sure I was picking something that I really enjoyed doing," Trahan said. She began political science and sociology classes. "I really loved all of my classes and I was really fueled to get into the material just because of the subject matter."
After graduating from University of Detroit Mercy in 2005 with a Political Science degree, Trahan moved to New York to take pre-law classes at Cornell.
"I enjoyed a lot of the pieces of the program, but I had a really impactful professor who asked 'is this really what you want to do?'" Trahan recalled. She said she began to question the direction of her life, so she returned to Detroit and, what she calls, really bad habits. "I was already leaning on bad habits to cope with anxiety and depression. I also realized I hadn't done the work that I needed to do to deal with the death of my father. I had gone right back to a physical state that I thought I had grown out of."
While trying to figure out her next step in life, Trahan immersed herself in yoga, something she had enjoyed doing for a few years prior. She said she should have been studying for the LSAT to get into law school, but instead, she went to Korea where she studied yoga and realized where her passion was taking her.
Bringing yoga home
"While I was in Korea, I was eating better and doing yoga. I wanted to do that in Detroit, but it just wasn't accessible. Shortly after I returned from Korea, I went to Haiti for a mission trip and started thinking about how I can be a service to the world instead of being so career-driven," said Trahan, who still thought she'd end up in law school.
Her time at University of Detroit Mercy and the service learning aspect of her education helped drive her forward in developing her next ideas—bringing yoga and wellness to those in the city of Detroit.
"The course curriculum at Detroit Mercy really expanded my perspectives on many things," Trahan said. "I developed a curiosity to not only learn about myself, but also the world."
When she saw a sign at her yoga studio for a training program for those interested in teaching yoga, she decided to jump in.
"I told my family and they thought it was a joke and asked when I'd be taking the LSAT," she said. "I wasn't the most fit person and I wasn't really flexible. It was really surprising for them. I thought I could show them that yoga works and is helpful and effectual."
She said the early stages of the process were tough. She would teach a class and the feedback would be harsh and cause her to question decision to her explore teaching yoga. Through the process, she learned to trust herself to get better and learn from the critiques. Trahan said she threw herself into yoga and attended trainings in Columbia, India and Mexico. She said she saw the value in yoga and meditation and wanted others to experience the benefits—especially those in Detroit.
"In Detroit, we have a high prevalence of people using drugs, domestic violence, kids who are born predisposed to certain emotions and triggers. It's because of the chronic stress we are under and having no healthy outlet to deal with it," said Trahan. She hoped to ease some of the stress through yoga, and do it without a high price tag.
"When I came back to Detroit, I realized there weren't a lot of yoga options in the city. Even the yoga options that did exist were priced like the yoga studios in the suburbs. Those facing big financial challenges like many Detroiters don't see the value in paying $15 per class. That's just not feasible for a lot of people in Detroit. A lot of our city can't afford basic needs, so how can they afford yoga," asked Trahan.
It spurred her idea for Yoganic Flow, a yoga studio in Detroit. She said it empowers people to take care of their health when they don't have access to or money for insurance. Yoga offers relaxation and mindfulness, which can reduce the risks of stroke and heart attack. Lower stress can lead to fewer instances of many health-related challenges, like diabetes and obesity.
"Yoganic Flow is in the community—schools, community recreation and senior centers and taking yoga to the people who might not come to a yoga studio," Trahan said. These include children and those with physical limitations. There are also senior classes, all levels of adult classes, programming for schools and summer camps.
One of her students, Marcus Barnes, said the work he has done with Trahan has impacted his physical and mental health.
"Her guidance has helped me tremendously step out of old individual cycles and into a healthier conscious connection to self and to a broader community that shares common goals and awareness. I highly recommend Kerrie and Yoganic Flow to anyone searching for a higher awareness while building community," Barnes said. "It's been an amazing experience for me."
Trahan said growing up, she was always busy. Her life was loud. In her house, someone was always talking, using the phone or the television set was on. She said the constant sound wasn't giving her conscious brain a minute to be true. She wants to teach others about how to quiet their minds and make time for themselves.
"I encourage those exploring yoga to look through the different yoga options and find what works best for them, just like my aunt encouraged me to explore what interested me the most in college," she said. "Personally, I like the quiet meditation and yoga. I don't want anyone to talk and I just want to follow the sensations."
In her classes, Trahan said she keeps the mood light. She said in addition to the yoga, she wants to build community among those who attend and encourage them to promote healthy living.
While Trahan didn't get her law degree, she now has a master's degree in community health and is making an impact on Detroit and the communities around it. She said local schools are seeing a demographic shift and dealing with children with myriad social and emotional issues. These schools are bringing in Yoganic Flow to help the students find healthy ways to deal with their stress and emotions.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Coral Springs man taking road to Paris on U.S. Men's Goalball team
Tyler Merren, of Coral Springs, has been a team captain and member of the U.S. National Goalball Team. The four-time Paralympian (2004, 2008, 2016, 2020) is a two-time Paralympic medalist – silver, bronze. He is pictured above at the recent 2022 IBSA Goalball Americas Championships in Sao Paulo, Brazil. (Renan Cacioli/CBDV/Courtesy )
Four-time Paralympian and two-time medalist Tyler Merren of Coral Springs is headed to Portugal to represent the United States in the 2022 IBSA (International Blind Sports Federation) Goalball World Championships.
Merren, 38, will be part of a 12-person roster with a combined 23 Paralympic Games appearances and 15 Paralympic medals to their credit that will compete in Matosinhos, Portugal from Dec. 7 to 16.
"This will be my fifth world championships, and it's always the same, lots of excitement and a little bit of nervousness," Merren said. "The team has been training hard and I expect we will do well."
This year's tournament provides the first chance for countries to qualify for the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games, with the top two teams in the men's and women's competitions punching their ticket to Paris.
The U.S. is looking to rebound from its performance at the last world championships in Malmo, Sweden in 2018 when they were shut out of the medals for the first time since 1994.
In a tune-up event in October at the Nations Cup in Germany, the U.S. men's team captured the bronze medal.
"Coming off the recent Nations Cup competition in Berlin, I feel confident that the USA Men's National Goalball Team has an excellent chance to medal at the world championships and qualify for the Paris 2024 Paralympic Games," said USA Men's Goalball Head Coach Keith Young. "This tournament is a long marathon finishing up with a series of hard sprints. Our team has the players that fit like a puzzle, with great leadership and very strong role players who can contribute to victories."
Goalball is a game for people with visual impairments. Players try to score goals by quickly and precisely firing a ball across the court and defending shots from the opposing team using their entire bodies, throwing themselves to the floor in the right position. At the Paralympic Games, the ball has been measured leaving a player's hand in excess of 37 mph.


The public school system in Arkansas is funded with taxpayers' money. Over the years, the amount of money that the state allocates per student has been rising, with the hope that the additional resources provided by more funding will improve students' performance. What have taxpayers bought with these additional funds? Figure 1 shows the trends in real per pupil expenditure and performance indicators. It also includes the trends in enrollment and in the school personnel. The figure further shows how much each of the variables has changed compared to the year 2004.
Figure 1 shows that performance indicators (average ACT scores) have remained relatively flat as real per pupil expenditure has increased steadily. There are increases in full time teachers and staff but the results of those increases are not clear. While the debate on funding has focused on whether or not open enrollment charter schools are receiving more funding than traditional public schools, it should be focused on how taxpayers' money can be used efficiently.
Open enrollment charter schools are public schools just like traditional public schools. Supporters of open enrollment charter schools believe that the students at these schools should receive public funds equal to the amount that public schools would receive in foundation aid and categorical aid. (Foundation aid is state funding given to school districts to help them meet the Arkansas Constitution's adequacy requirement in per pupil spending; categorical aid is state funding given to school districts to help with specified needs, such school lunches for poor districts.) As part of the contribution to funding K – 12 education, the state requires that each school district set a minimum millage rate at 25 mills. A millage rate is the amount a property owner pays per $1,000 of taxable value of property. Thus a millage rate of 25 mills is equivalent to $25 in taxes per $1,000 of property value. School districts can set the millage rate above the state-required 25 mills uniform rate. However, open enrollment charter schools have no access to the local revenue the school districts raise on top of the 25 mills rate. For example, if a school district's millage is 30 mills and the assessment value of a property in the school district is $1000, the extra $5 raised above the $25 collected on the property goes to the traditional public school district only. The myth that open enrollment charter schools receive more public funding has things completely backwards. It's actually traditional public schools that receive more funding. To illustrate this difference in funding we shall consider a hypothetical school district with 500 students and an open enrollment charter school district, located in the traditional school district that are similar in every respect. According to the Arkansas Department of Education School Finance Manual 2015 – 2016, per pupil funding by type based upon 500 students is as shown in Table 1.
Assume further that the property value assessment for the school district in 2014 – 2015 was $130, 420,000 and that the millage rate for the school district was 25 mills. For simplicity, we also assume that there were 100 students in each of the categories ELL, ALE and NSLA. For the ELL the school district would have received $31,700 ($317*100) which when averaged across the whole student population is equivalent to $63 per student. If the full-time equivalent (FTE), calculated by dividing the number of days each student was enrolled in ALE by the total number of days in the school year (typically 178) and adding those together, is assumed to have been 75, then the ALE funding would have been $328,725 ($4,383*75) which when averaged across the whole student population is equivalent to $657 per student. For the NSLA the school district would have received $103,300 ($1,033*100) which when averaged across the whole student population is equivalent to $207 per student. To calculate PD funding, the previous year 3 Quarter Average Daily Membership (ADM) is multiplied by the PD. Suppose the ADM for both schools was 450, then the school district would have received $14,580 which when averaged across the whole student population is equivalent to $29 per student. School districts can also receive additional funding for enrollment growth or enrollment decline. In our hypothetical example, we shall assume that there was no change in enrollment. A visual representation of the amount of funding that traditional public schools and open enrollment charter schools would have received in 2014 – 2015 school year if the millage rate is 25 mills is shown in Figure 2.
The amount of per pupil funding that our hypothetical schools would have received in 2014 – 2015 school year was $7,477. If however, the school district set the millage rate at 30 mills, per pupil funding for the traditional public school and open enrollment charter school would have been different. This is be illustrated in Figure 3.
With the extra 5 mills on top of the uniform 25 mills millage rate, the school district would have been able to raise an extra $652,100 (.005*$130,420,000). All the extra $652,100 would have gone to the traditional public school district. This is equivalent to an extra $1,304 per student in traditional public school. Per pupil funding for traditional public schools in 2014 – 2015 school year would have been $8,781 compared to $7,477 in open enrollment charter schools.
When a student attends an open enrollment charter school, the maximum amount that a school district loses is the state foundation aid, which in 2014-15 school year was set at $6,521 per student, plus the categorical funding amount if the transferring student falls into ELL, ALE, NSLA, plus some portion of the PD. In other words, the school does not lose more money than the minimum cost to teach the student as determined by the legislature. In fact, it loses less: the school district retains 100 percent of the revenue collected from the additional mills, leading to an increase in per pupil spending for students enrolled at traditional public schools. In addition the school district receives additional money for the decline in enrollment.
Figure 4 shows the actual per pupil spending for traditional public schools and open enrollment charter schools in Arkansas from 2006 through 2015. Notice that this amount is greater than the funding matrix amount because school districts set their millage rate above the minimum 25 mills.
The graph shows that traditional public schools have been consistently spending more money per pupil than open enrollment charter schools. For the 2014–15 school year, for example, per pupil spending in traditional public schools was $9,642 compared to $8,612 for open enrollment charter schools.
Figure 5 depicts how much more traditional public schools have actually spent per pupil than open enrollment charter schools have over the same period.
On average, open enrollment charter schools have spent $7,480 per student compared with traditional public schools' $8,850 per student. Open enrollment charter schools have been outspent by about $1,370 per student; they have been spending about 15 percent less per student than traditional public schools have been. While the gap has been declining since 2013, open enrollment charter schools are still at a disadvantage as far as per pupil expenditure is concerned. The data refute the claim that open enrollment charter schools receive more public money than traditional public schools.


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FLETC RENTAL AVAILABLE: Beautiful 2300 sf brick home in a quite neighborhood. Three bedrooms, 2 full baths and double car garage just to start. This home also offers 2 living areas, formal dining room, large utility room with washer & dryer. An office with desk & chair plus a wall lined with shelves for the book lover! Large corner lot with well maintained fenced backyard. Back patio has a gazebo for shade, large outdoor table and chairs and a new propane grill. All new furnishings through out the house as well. Call our office for appointment to see this furnished rental. Rent is current per diem of $212.00 per day.
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Multimedia / Films
ESI in the media
Back - Cetinje - Next
Former French embassy, now a library. Photo: flickr/Nictalopen
Cetinje was the capital of the independent state of Montenegro that existed from its international recognition at the Congress of Berlin in 1878 until 1918, when it was merged into Serbia and subsequently into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed Yugoslavia in 1929).
Except for the old government buildings and embassies from the first Montenegrin state, this small, sleepy town of 15,000 inhabitants does not remind the visitor of a former capital city. Indeed, the same could have been said of the time when the Montenegrin rulers resided here and foreign officials of 13 consulates tried to intervene in the political life of the small Balkan state. Edith Durham, who travelled through the Balkans in the early 20th century, described Cetinje as a toy city "no one had played with yet".
A stroll though Cetinje today shows the former consulates that are reminders of this state tradition. There is the old hospital (fallen into decay), King Nikola's Palace, and the old government building.
However, despite Montenegro's statehood and its long tradition of resistance to Ottoman rule, the Montenegrin population had not developed a national consciousness in the modern sense. Like all his predecessors and most of his subjects, Nikola I (1841�1921), Montenegro's last ruler, considered himself Serb.
He pursued Serbia-friendly policies and the two entities were never at war. Already before World War One, the idea of union with Serbia enjoyed considerable support, but due to Austro-Hungarian opposition it was not a real option. Nicholas himself was also reluctant, but after World War I � with Nikola in exile in France � Montenegro was merged with Serbia and immediately incorporated into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. To this day the legality of this process remains hotly disputed.
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Cetinje – a royal tradition. © 2008 pre tv. All rights reserved.
Nevertheless, the concept of a Montenegrin nation, fostered during socialist times, is popular in Cetinje. Unsurprisingly it was a pro-independence stronghold ever since the debate about Montenegrin statehood resurfaced after the disintegration of socialist Yugoslavia.
Under socialism, Cetinje � like many other towns in Yugoslavia � experienced industrialisation, in particular driven by "Obod", a huge company producing white goods such as washing machines and refrigerators.
Today these companies have fallen into decay. Cetinje is once more, a city without industry. The recent economic boom in Montenegro has largely bypassed Cetinje. Except for the renovation of historical buildings, which attract some day-trip tourism from the coast, there is very little construction. People live by commuting to the coast, or to Podgorica, both not more than half an hour's drive away.
Return to Europe - Documentary Project
Return to Europe Revisited
Broadcasting dates
Press reactions
Literary walk
Montenegro - Wild Beauty
Kosovo - Cutting the lifeline
The Albanian Renaissance
Macedonian Wedding
Bosnia - A miracle which does not shine
Serbia - Exit Europe
Romania - timisoara.com
Bulgaria - The long revolution
Greece - Alexander's shadow
Istanbul - Truth, fear and hope
Twilight of Heroes - Croatia, Europe and the International Tribunal
Bulqiza
Little Montenegro
Podgorica (I)
Cetinje (I)
Travnik (IV)
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Home > News & Media > Publications
The Project, published bi-annually, is the official magazine of The Miami Project and The Buoniconti Fund and are available electronically. Our Annual Research Review summarizes a selection of research publications from the past year. Register for our monthly e-news, The Connection.
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Cersaie attended by a total of more than 62,000 visitors over the five days of the show, including more than 24,000 international professionals. Attendance amounted to 56% of the total 2019 figure
Cersaie, poster and dates of the 2021 in-person and digital events
Exhibitors are looking forward to returning to the physical show in complete safety: 80% of the available space has already been booked 7 months before the event is due to begin
Bologna together with Cersaie
The institutions and associations present a manifesto for safe participation in the international exhibition at the end of September. A joint letter inviting Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi to Cersaie 2021. The keynote lecture to be given by Pritzker Prize Laureate Shigeru Ban on Friday 1 October at 11.00 am.
The Italian ceramic tile industry reported a 4% drop in turnover in 2020. Sales grew by 9% in the first quarter of 2021. Sharp increases in the cost of energy, finished product packaging and freight rates to the US are causing serious concern. The Emilia Romagna regional government approves the first Ceramics Technical Institute
Mario Draghi meets the Italian ceramic industry
The full version of the event with Prime Minister Mario Draghi can be viewed here
Reopening of trade fairs
The reopening of trade fairs from 1 July is a fundamental step for the economic recovery and for Italian industry
CERSAIE skips the 2020 show and prepares for 2021 - September 27 / October 1
A busy calendar of events, starting from next autumn, is expected in the fifteen months that separate the opening from the 38th edition of the exhibition.
Giovanni Savorani re-elected Chairman of Confindustria Ceramica for the two-year term 2020-2021 with 100% of the votes. Augusto Ciarrocchi, Luigi Di Carlantonio, Franco Manfredini, Filippo Manuzzi and Emilio Mussini have been elected vice chairmen
Italian ceramics in 2019
The Italian ceramic industry generated revenues of 6.5 billion euros with 27,500 direct employees. For the tile sector, exports amounted to 4.5 billion euros and investments 373 million euros, respectively 84% and 7% of turnover
Coverings Cancels 2020 Exhibition


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JAS revenues, and expenses, on the rise
Jordan Curet/The Aspen Times
ALL | The Aspen Times
SNOWMASS VILLAGE " Organizers of the Jazz Aspen Snowmass Festival have a lot of money to count these days " and a lot of money to spend.
When festival producers decided in 2002 to recruit such A-list acts as singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, the cost of staging the four- to five-day event has run between $2 million and $3 million, says Jim Horowitz, the festival's executive director.
"Ever since we started to upgrade the talent with Dylan," says Horowitz, who founded the festival in 1991, "there was a calculated risk."
And for this year's June and September shows, the festival added a new component to its lineup " two large LED screens, for the crowds to watch the performers, who have become increasingly difficult to see as attendance has grown.
"We were able to get the costs of these substantially underwritten by our patrons," Horowitz said.
Those patrons, so to speak, aren't the ones who throw down up to $60 for general admission. Instead, "patron" is JAS-jargon for VIP, the moneyed gentry who get such perks as tax deductions or even their own private tent " complete with full food-and-beverage service for 20 guests at the festival " depending on how much they give to the nonprofit. Those memberships range from $2,500 to $100,000, and they represent a growing segment of the festival's revenue.
Horowitz says there's a distinguishable difference between the meanings of "VIP" and "patrons."
"We call them patrons, not VIPs, which went away a long time ago," Horowitz says. "The meaning of the word 'patron' is 'supporter,' and has a different connotation to it than VIP. And there's no question our patron revenue has been an important part of growth at the festival.
"Over the last few years (patron revenue) has grown by 20 percent, and that has really allowed us to reinvest in the quality of the product. There's been a direct correlation with our ability to upgrade the quality of the festival with our growing patron support."
The patrons, however, aren't the biggest source of revenue for JAS. That distinction belongs to its sponsors. According to JAS literature, sponsorship costs range from $5,000 to $500,000. Horowitz would not say how much Illinois-based Calamos Investments has paid to be the title sponsor, but it's clear it does not come cheap. In fact, Calamos' title sponsorship deal is up for renewal within the next year, Horowitz said. Past sponsors have included Janus Funds of Denver.
"(The sponsors) are the biggest single contributor, but if you want to talk about the backbone of our revenue, it's sort of like looking at a tripod. The tripod is the most stable geometric form because it has three legs. And in our world you can't really take any of those pieces away. I wouldn't say the title sponsor is more important than the patrons. It's one of our biggest contributors, but we couldn't pull off the production without any of these."
The final part of this so-called tripod of revenue, no doubt, is the crowds that pay general admission fees.
And the Saturday, Sept. 1, rush of 12,000 some concertgoers who went to see the Allman Brothers Band was the festival's record for a one-day gathering. Indeed, the lines for portable toilets and adult beverage lasted more than an hour for many. One of the Miller Genuine Draft tents near the stage had run dry of beverages when the Southern rock legends still had three tunes remaining on their agenda.
Horowitz admits that it could have gone more smoothly. And he's eyeing other ways to get more out of the venue, on the Snowmass rodeo grounds, which has a finite amount of space. Even having workers deliver beer, such as they do at sporting events, is a possible option, Horowitz says.
"When you have as big as a crowd as we did for the Allmans, it shows where we have challenges and opportunities," he says. "The one thing we're looking at is how to create additional toilet capacity and free up some space on the field at the same time. We're looking more at efficiency, per se, than expansion.
"We're looking at things, for example, with our food-and-beverage service. We had some food lines that were longer than usual with crowds, and when they reach that level, we're looking at how can they get food to people as opposed to getting people to food. We don't have a labor base that's experienced with going around with beer on a tray, but it's something we may consider."
Crowds like the 12,000 the Allmans packed in, or the 11,000 surfer-pop singer Jack Johnson drew at a Labor Day Festival show in 2004, were chiefly the result of pent-up demand, Horowitz notes. The performances by both acts came when it was their only Colorado appearance of the year, meaning fans from the Denver area were willing to take the three-and-one-half-hour road trip, which they normally wouldn't take.
In its promotional material, JAS notes that 65 percent of its audience members have a household income above $85,000, while 55 percent have a graduate degree or are in a graduate program.
JAS' Form 990 tax form for the year Oct. 1, 2004, to Sept. 30, 2005, provides a snapshot of how much the organization gives and receives. That year the festival spent more than it made, with total expenses of $5.4 million compared to total revenue of $5.2 million. Along with a payroll of nearly $500,000 " of which Horowitz earned $190,000 " the organization also saw expenses such as $190,000 on event security, $29,705 on telephone bills, and $65,059 on catering, among other expenses.
There's also the cost of paying the performers.
For example, Neil Young, who played at the Labor Day Festival in 2003, commanded $150,000, and booking agencies such as William Morris Agency and MVO Ltd. brought in $242,500 and $150,000, respectively.


Air dried, green & reclaimed oak beams in stock & for sale, varying dimensions & finishes including sanding, waxing, polishing sawn and hollowed.
Oak has always been a stable for the construction trade due to its strength durability and looks. In the UK, many properties are in fact oak framed, which is a practice that will quite honestly never go out of fashion.
Whether it's a rustic fireplace mantel, a set of contemporary kitchen beams, or a singular beam required to repair a 15th century cottage - we are able to help and will happily answer any questions you have.
Green oak has been fresh sawn from the trunk and is very light in colour. The oak has a very high moisture content and is very heavy but feels softer, so is easier to cut and work. However this means the oak will move and split when it is drying out. Our English Green oak is perfect for all large oak framing projects and external beams.
Air dried beams are green beams that have been left to dry naturally. This process means they have lost a lot of their moisture content, meaning they are more stable and have reduced settling movement. They are slightly darker and a lot harder to cut and work with. Perfect for internal trusses/framing, internal beams and fireplace mantels.
These are Oak beams that have been used before and been reclaimed from their original buildings. These may be in excess of 500 years old. They generally have a beautiful darker look, with lots of splits and character. The oak is extremely hard but stable, perfect for fireplace beams and interior beams. If these beams could tell stories!


Anushka Fernandopulle is a lifelong spiritual practitioner who has trained for over 20 years in the Theravada tradition in the U.S., India and Sri Lanka and teaches retreats and workshops around the country. Anushka also works as a leadership coach and management consultant, influenced by a BA in anthropology and religion from Harvard University and an MBA from the Yale School of Management. Anushka is on the Spirit Rock Teacher's Council and leads a weekly group in San Francisco, Monday Night Dharma. Her teaching is informed by nature, creative arts, political engagement, innovation and modern urban life.


For 35 years, the Nisqually Reach Nature Center has offered environmental education to thousands of youth and young adults at Luhr Beach in Olympia, Washington, and in the classroom.
Founded in 2011 to help protect important native aquatic ecosystems in Puget Sound.
The Future of the center is all about people and our caring nature to help connect us with the magical place we live. Please consider making a donation to help us in our mission by clicking on our donation link or the title above.
For over 35 years, NRNC has been monitoring the health of South Puget Sound with the help of citizen stewards. Our Citizen Science programs include Pigeon Guillemot Surveys and Forage Fish Spawning Surveys.
For 35 years, the Nisqually Reach Nature Center has offered environmental education to thousands of youth and young adults at Luhr Beach in Olympia, Washington, and in the classroom. The Center provides field trip opportunities, supplemental classroom activities and summer camps, all aimed at sharing the beauty and uniqueness of the Nisqually Estuary and learning the values of conservation, particularly with regard to South Puget Sound.
Education is our biggest passion at NRNC!
Citizen Science connects people with nature and helps foster a strong connection to the environment we share.
NRNC has presented very popular summer day camps at Luhr Beach since 2000.
The Nature Center is interested in supporting students in designing and carrying out individual or team research projects.
The Center is the site proponent of the 15,000-acre Nisqually Reach Aquatic Reserve, designated in 2011 by Washington's Department of Natural Resources.


There's one web mistake I see made more than any other by business and website owners: Getting caught up in the myth of the fold.
All of this is part of the myth of the fold, and it seems to have an almost unshakable grip on our collective consciousness.
The fold is a concept carried over from newspaper layouts. When a newspaper is displayed on a news stand, only the stories "above the fold" are visible to people passing by. If the headline articles aren't interesting, that issue of the paper is much less likely to attract buyers, and the newspaper's profits will suffer. Thusly, the most important, tantalizing, sale-driving content had to be crammed above the fold as often as possible.
The fold has been so crucially important to moving newspapers, magazines and other printed materials for literally hundreds of years that it was carried over almost without question to digital when the web started becoming available to ordinary consumers in the late 80s.
When it comes to the web, "the fold" is everything that is visible on a web page before any scrolling happens, and even in this first attempt to define it we see an immediate issue: There's no way to know where "the fold" actually is. Wide screen monitors, commuter laptops, tablets, web-enabled e-readers, smart phones of every shape and size, and now even wearable tech like smart watches that can browse the web will all put "the fold" in dramatically different places on the very same page.
Sometimes, even the same device can have dramatically different fold heights. Pick up your smartphone. Now turn it 90 degrees left or right. You've gone from landscape mode to portrait mode, or portrait mode to landscape mode. If you're reading this on a desktop computer, try pressing ctrl and the + key together. You've just zoomed in, changing the page layout. Or, try resizing the browser you're reading this article in; perhaps make it cover only half your screen. The page layout has changed again, and the fold is once again in an entirely different place. How do you make choices based on the fold now?
It should be increasingly obvious at this point that you can't make design decisions based on the fold, because you don't know where it will be. There is no such thing as a "standard" size your content will be viewed at.
Let me begin by saying that this concern is so intense and has such life-or-death implications for design and commerce (economically speaking), that people's behavior regarding "the fold" and whether they will scroll beyond it is one of the most intensely studied matters in web design.
The results have been getting more and more clear, and in the last five years especially, the answer could not be a more resounding YES. People scroll. They scroll early and often.
All demographics studied now scroll reliably, even the very elderly.
In many "conversion" tests (where a visitor is converted into a lead or a paying customer by completing some task on a sales website,) conversions actually increased the further down the page the call to action was placed. Why? Often it had to do with more thorough explanations of the product or benefits being possible before the call to action if the call to action didn't need to be the first thing on the page.
In some studies, the part of the page that was just below the fold got more views than what was at the top of the page — How is this possible? Shouldn't the top of the page be seen by 100% of people? It turns out that these days, it's so rote for people to scroll (especially on smartphones,) that many people unconsciously start scrolling before a web page has even finished loading! This means that a certain percentage of viewers would actually jump to the content below the fold without even waiting to see what was "above the fold".
Scrolling is a natural behavior for everyone in our current digital age.
Why do people still care about the fold?
If you can't even know where the fold is, and you can be reasonably certain almost everyone who visits your website will understand to scroll down to see what's beyond their particular fold, why are we still having this debate?
There's one major data point that seems to conflict with all these others: Nielsen has shown that only 20% of users read below the fold.
Don't panic! This data point might seem to prove that anything that is "below the fold" is defunct, pointless, passe — but as we just discussed, in many studies, calls to action located below the fold got higher responses than those that were placed above it. How can both of these things be true?
Think about it this way: if someone is shopping for shoes and they walk into a store that only sells hats, of course, they will turn around and walk out. But a shoe store never worries that people won't understand that they sell more than just the shoes that are visible in the front window. They also aren't shocked when only a percentage of the people walking by their shop come in to buy shoes after seeing their window displays; not everyone is in the market for new shoes every day.
That's a rather important insight because 500 words of copy [at standard sizes] will […] put the call to action well below the fold even at full-HD resolutions […].
Which is not a problem, since Jakob Nielsen showed, all the way back in 1997, that users will scroll if what they see above the fold interests them enough to keep them reading.
The fold is a red herring. It's not about what's above the fold at all: It's about whether the user is interested in what your website has to say, period.
So, what should we be trying to put above the fold?
A reason to stay. If they stay, they'll scroll.
You might want to include a compelling image. Or, more realistically, part of a compelling image — because you never really know where the fold will strike, and it may well strike midway through your first image!
That's it. You don't need to tell people that they need to scroll to see more content; people almost universally attempt to scroll if they have ANY indication that they are on a page they care about. You don't need to tell people every little thing they can see or do on your site. You don't need to cram in all of your categories or departments "above the fold". They'll find those things if they want them at all. You just have to not immediately repel them.
Back in 2011, Apple removed the scrollbar from Mac OS X, for all websites, because they found the evidence compelling enough to believe that users would scroll without the need for visual clues.


text:
George Penny: The young Labour candidate who prefers politics and opera to clubbing and seeks to become Cheltenham's MP
George Penny, who is just 22, hopes to win the General Election fight in the town
Robin JenkinsChief Cheltenham Reporter
At the tender age of 22, George Penny could perhaps be forgiven for thinking more about his social life than the prosperity of the country.
But while many young men and women in Cheltenham will be thinking about their next night out, Mr Penny's focus is on becoming one of the nation's youngest MPs.
The former Prestbury St Mary's CofE Junior School, Cleeve School and Pate's Grammar School pupil is standing for the Labour Party in Cheltenham in the December 12 General Election.
George Penny, the Labour Party candidate for the General Election in Cheltenham (Image: Rob Jenkins)
He would like nothing more than to cause a major shock and enter Parliament alongside Jeremy Corbyn and his colleagues.
Mr Penny, who admits he is very unlikely to win a seat that normally goes to either the Conservatives or Liberal Democrats, said: "Politics is ultimately, at its core, a noble pursuit.
"It's about saying how can we build a better society, one that works for everyone and makes room for everyone?"
How an opera-loving ex-Oxford University student wants to be one of UK's youngest MPs - for Labour
He said he was fortunate not to have had any serious money worries in his life and to have benefited from being given opportunities to succeed.
He said: "As someone who's had that fortune, it's my responsibility to help be a voice for those people who have not had those same opportunities."
And he doesn't seem to care if people think he should be enjoying life while he is young rather than hooking up with politicians - who have not been the most popular members of society in recent times.
Another picture of George Penny (Image: Copyright Unknown)
He added: "Politicians have had, to some extent, an unfair rap. There are a very great number of decent and honourable politicians in politics who are genuinely trying their best to do their best for people.
"I always want to be honest with people. I don't want to mislead people about my intentions, policies or beliefs."
Mr Penny gave us the following answers to some of the key questions about the election.
General Election in Cheltenham
Full guide to constituency
Alex Chalk (Con) profile
Max Wilkinson (LD) profile
George Penny (Lab) profile
George Ridgeon (MRL) profile
'Ill give away £30k if I win 5%'
Not your typical Labour candidate
How the manifestos affect you
What would you do to improve Cheltenham?
The big one for me is the green industrial revolution policy. I want the new tech park that is being developed to be a green tech park with a global centre of tech excellence.
We have a real opportunity to become an international leader on that.
Labour would invest in things like new bus routes, making bus services more frequent.
I would fight to protect the A&E department at Cheltenham General Hospital and the entire hospital.
How would you stop the town from being spoiled by over-development, traffic congestion and vehicle emissions' pollution?
There needs to be an alternative to the car when it comes to popping to the shops so that people are incentivised not to do it. I think many people will realise that going into town and finding somewhere to park is an inconvenience which, if the buses are regular enough, they will do away with.
Cheltenham cycle routes need development.
Local authorities should be allowed more power and control over development so individual communities can have their say on how it occurs.
Should the trial closure of Boots Corner be made permanent?
I'm not entirely convinced by it. It's something that needed to be done with a broader view taken, with proper investment in bus services and looking at the underlying cause of the issue, not the symptom itself.
What about Brexit?
Our policy is for a three-month renegotiation with the European Union where we have a very specific deal in mind. It would keep close alignment with the EU, ensure that we protect workers' rights and environmental standards and would not break up the union.
We would then send this deal back for a confirmatory referendum and the options would be taking that deal or remaining and whichever option was taken, we would immediately implement it.
I would campaign for remain in that referendum.
Your view on the NHS?
The cytology laboratory at Cheltenham General Hospital is under threat and that is something that under a Labour government we would seek to reverse and I would certainly campaign for reversing.
And I would make sure that Cheltenham's existing excellence in the field of cancer care could be maintained and improved on through directed investment from a large fund which we're setting aside for developing the National Health Service.
How about defence?
It's very important that we do maintain a high quality army and we undo some of the cuts that we have seen to some of the armed forces over the last few years.
What about education?
Labour is committed to reversing the funding cuts which we've seen across our schools over the last few years. Education is an essential foundation of society. Every child should have access to a good quality education.
Part of that is through funding the opening of 1,000 new Sure Start centres up and down the country.
We'll be ending tuition fees for new students so people can feel safe going to university, knowing they're not going to be left with a big debt burden hanging over them.
We'll be moving to a model where we would have the National Education Service to provide not just academic education but also skills training.
What is your view on climate change?
To me, it's probably the number one issue in this election. For a lot of people it is.
They recognise it's a once in a generation opportunity to seize on the climate change issue and actually seriously resolve it.
Labour has a very serious fully-costed plan to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2030 while still growing the economy, making sure that jobs are available to people and that if old industries close down, free retraining is available and people can then enter these new high-skill, high quality green jobs without any loss of employment in between.
How about immigration?
Immigration both financially and socially improves Britain. We have always been a nation that has been welcoming to immigrants.
Immigration has been used as a scapegoat issue by politicians.
Certain things have been ended that should be restored, like the migration impact fund which provided targeted money for areas which had significant numbers of immigrants arriving in them.
Immigration is not just an issue of economics, it's an issue of there is real value in the diversity of culture which it brings.
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