text:
Follow @JohnPaczkowski
Recent Posts by John Paczkowski
WhatsApp: Bigger Than Twitter
April 16, 2013 at 8:19 am PT
There are plenty of 99-cent smartphone app success stories, but few as big as WhatsApp.
First launched in 2009, the cross-platform messaging app has charted a stratospheric rise in popularity. Today, WhatsApp is the single-most-used independent smartphone app in nearly every country in the world. It has hundreds of millions of users, and processes as many as 20 billion messages per day. And, as CEO Jan Koum said onstage at D: Dive Into Mobile on Tuesday, WhatsApp is now bigger than Twitter, which officially claims 200 million monthly active users. The company daily processes eight billion inbound messages and 12 billion outbound.
That success has drawn attention from some big Internet companies. In the past six months alone, it has been a rumored acquisition target for Facebook and Google, though it has officially denied talks with both.
What's it like being at the very center of the messaging app market land grab? And how does the company, which forgoes advertising in favor of a 99-cents-per-year subscription fee, propose to convert popularity into significant revenue?
Simple, said Koum. Build the platform and the revenue will follow.
"We're looking forward to a world with billions of phones," Koum said. "And once that happens it's going to be extremely easy to monetize. But a lot more people need to join the smartphone revolution and a lot more people need to buy more goods on their phones."
So why not rely on advertising for revenue in the meantime? There's no chance of that happening, said Koum, citing WhatsApp's anti-advertising philosophy.
"We do have a manifesto opposing advertising," Koum said. "We're proud of that. Who likes advertising? We're so bombarded with ads so much in our daily lives and we felt that smartphones aren't the place for that. Our phones are so intimately connected to us, to our lives. Putting advertising on a device like that is a bad idea. You don't want to be interrupted by ads when you're chatting with your loved ones."
There are plenty of successful businesses that don't use advertising, Koum observed. Gas. Water. "We want to be one of them. … Our monetization strategy is simple. One dollar a year. If we did something besides that, it would just get in the way. … We want a great product and great user experience."
Tagged with: Android, apps, BlackBerry, Google, iOS, iPhone, Twitter, WhatsApp
Late Start May Be Tempering China Mobile's iPhone Preorders
Twitter's Tanking
2013 Was a Good Year for Chromebooks
BlackBerry Pulls Latest Twitter for BB10 Update
Apple CEO Tim Cook Made $4.25 Million This Year
D: Dive Into Mobile
All D Conferences
Dive Into Mobile (2010)
api-video/find_all_videos.asp&fields=id,videoStillURL,thumbnailURL,guid,video320kMP4Url,name,duration&count=4&doctype=128
D: All Things Digital Conferences
The D Conference
Dive Into Mobile
Dive Into Mobile 2013
Dive Into Media
Dive Into Media 2013
D Conference Mailing List
Sign up for News about D Conferences

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Cryptopia exchange hack leads to "significant" losses
Jessica Haworth 16 January 2019 at 12:37 UTC
Cryptocurrency Cybercrime Data Breach
Police declare major incident after security breach
New Zealand-based cryptocurrency exchange Cryptopia fell victim to a major security breach this week, after hackers took a "significant" number of tokens from its wallets.
Law enforcement is investigating the hack, which occurred on January 14 and resulted in an unconfirmed amount of cryptocurrency being lifted from the exchange.
Trading has been suspended, Cryptopia confirmed, while officers from the New Zealand Police's High Tech Crime Unit continue their investigation.
Cryptopia posted on Twitter: "Yesterday 14th January 2019, the Cryptopia Exchange suffered a security breach which resulted in significant losses."
The post continued: "We are committed to getting this resolved as quickly as possible and will keep you all updated every step of the way."
Cryptopia has yet to confirm the estimated figure that was stolen. However, it has been reported that crypto tokens worth more than NZ$3.6 million ($2.4 million) were moved from Cryptopia to unknown wallets.
Crypto-exchange tracker Whale Alert tweeted that Ethereum tokens worth $2.44 million ($1.65 million) and Centrality tokens worth $1.18 million ($800,000) were moved from the exchange on January 13.
New Zealand Police said a "large team" has been assigned to track the hackers and described the case as a "complex situation".
It also dispelled rumors that officers stormed Cryptopia offices.
A press release read: "We are dealing with a complex situation and we are unable to put a timeframe on how long the investigation may take.
"We are also aware of speculation in the online community about what might have occurred. It is too early for us to draw any conclusions and Police will keep an open mind on all possibilities while we gather the information we need.
"A priority for police is to identify and, if possible, recover missing funds for Cryptopia customers; however there are likely to be many challenges to achieving this.
"We would also like to make clear that Cryptopia are cooperating fully with the investigation team and a media report that police 'stormed' the building today is entirely incorrect."
Open source defenses
French cybersecurity non-profit Luatix signs ANSSI partnership 14 January 2021 Open source defenses French cybersecurity non-profit Luatix signs ANSSI partnership


If you're a member of EPA, be sure to log in to take advantage of our extended on-line search and directory information, available only to members.
To provide quality resources for church and ministry leaders.
To build into the lives of families with practical, biblical principles, and to make this information readily available through the Internet in order that we might glorify God, make Christ known, and be used by Him to see families restored.
Managing Your Church serves church leaders by providing accurate, authoritative, and timely law, tax, finance, and risk management articles and resources that help them keep their congregations safe, legal, and financially sound.
To inform, educate, inspire our Open Bible readers.
SmallGroups.com is the premier online resource for churches and small-group leaders. In addition to hundreds of downloadable Bible studies and training resources, we offer the largest archive of small-groups articles and icebreakers available online.
Get latest info and other updates from our website.


text:
Charleston Peace
Family Farmers Fighting Climate Change
May 9, 2016 Alan Shockley
"Globally, the food system—propelled by corporate-controlled, industrial agriculture—is responsible for at least 40% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which absorb and hold heat in the earth's atmosphere and trigger climate change. The industrial food system is only possible through the intensive use of chemicals, pesticides, herbicides, fertilizer, water, and large-scale transportation, storage and distribution. Each of these aspects of corporate-controlled industrial agriculture is a major contributor to climate change."
More at Farm Aid
Two Talented Sixth Graders on Captain Sams Spit
April 7, 2016 Alan Shockley
From Laurin Manning at the Coastal Conservation League.
Antarctica at Risk of Runaway Melting, Scientists Discover
April declared "Month of Outrage" in national Wendy's Boycott!
March 28, 2016 Alan Shockley
Outrage over explosive Harper's article connecting Wendy's to infamous Mexican tomato supplier prompts farmworkers, consumers to call for month of action to kick off national boycott…
And so was born the Month of Outrage.
Faith Cabin Libraries
March 7, 2016 Alan Shockley
USC School of Library and Information Science:
Voluntary groups formed to provide Blacks with access to reading materials in response to the near total neglect by officials in county and state government. The Faith Cabin Libraries movement, for example, left a remarkable and far-reaching legacy thanks to the efforts of its founder, Willie Lee Buffington. Inspired by Euriah Simpkins (a Black school teacher in Saluda County), the White mill worker used the mail to solicit reading materials for local Black schools.
Faith Cabin Library – Seneca, South Carolina
SC Economic Justice, Uncategorized
Facing South
January 23, 2016 Alan Shockley
Charleston workers bring Fight for $15 agenda to South Carolina Democratic debate
by Kerry Taylor
Nikki Haley's troubled economic record in South Carolina
College of Charleston Events Jan. 19 & 20
January 18, 2016 anna
On Tuesday, January 19th Professor Sarah Haley from UCLA will give a lecture at 6pm in RSS 235 [the old library] on "The Carceral Life of Gender."
In the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, imprisoned black women faced wrenching forms of gendered racial terror and economic exploitation on chain gangs. Professor Sarah Haley will deliver a lecture on January 19 based on her groundbreaking new book about imprisoned black women's brutalization in convict labor systems. Continue reading College of Charleston Events Jan. 19 & 20 →
67 Countries the U.S. Is Obliged to Go to War For
"Thanks to NATO, ANZUS, OAS, and bilateral agreements, the U.S. has promised 67 countries protection. Here's a look at the list included in Beckley's paper:"
Why Are So Many Veterans on Death Row?
November 11, 2015 anna
By Jeffrey Toobin
The death penalty has always provided a window into the darkest corners of American life. Every pathology that infects the nation as a whole—racism, most notably—also affects our decisions about whom to execute. A new report from the Death Penalty Information Center adds a new twist to this venerable pattern.
Continue reading: The New Yorker
Related: Death Penalty Information Center: Retired Generals Call for Review of Status of Military Veterans Facing Death Penalty
The Co-op that Changed the South
November 7, 2015 Alan Shockley
By David Thompson
It was a small cooperative store on a little-known island off the coast of South Carolina. During the harshest days of the civil rights struggle, embattled black leaders came through its doors seeking inspiration. Among the legendary leaders who visited the co-op were Ralph Abernathy, Dorothy Cotton, Conrad Brown, Fannie Lou Hamer, Martin Luther King Jr., John Lewis, Bernice Reagon, Cleveland Sellers, Kwame Ture (Stokely Carmichael), Andrew Young, Hosea Williams, and many others.
The co-op was called the Progressive Club. Johns Island is one of the Sea Islands, home to the unique Gullah people who had retained a lot of their African cultural heritage. In the 1940s, Johns Island was remote and a nine-hour ferry ride to Charleston, S.C. After WWII, bridges slowly began to connect Johns Island to the mainland.
Read at the Cooperative Grocer Network
And these children that you spit on
As they try to change their worlds
Are immune to your consultations
They're quite aware of what they're going through
Dean Baker's
Peace and justice news in South Carolina
The Stepchild of Lynching
At Guantánamo, a Death Penalty Case Without a Death Penalty Lawyer
The A.C.L.U. Needs to Rethink Free Speech
Killings of Black Men by Whites are Far More Likely to be Ruled "Justifiable"
SC Economic Justice


Erin Machell is a transportation planner in Toole Design's Portland office. Erin excels at synthesizing complex information at the intersection of research, data analysis, planning, graphics, and urban design. She is a skilled visual storyteller, using compelling graphics to communicate analysis and proposals. She has worked on a variety of planning and design projects, with particular experience in bikeshare, complete streets, and separated-bikeway design. Erin holds a Master of City Planning from the University of California, Berkeley and a Masters in Geography from the University of Oregon.
Outside of work Erin does aerial acrobatics and enjoys exploring the outdoors on her bike and on her feet.


text:
Q: How to fix Server Status Code: 302 Found by SQL Inject Me Firefox Addon I scanned my login script using SQL Inject Me Firefox addon
According to the Test Results, my script was vulnerable to SQL Injection. Result by example
Results:
Server Status Code: 302 Found
Tested value: &#49&#39&#32&#79&#82&#32&#39&#49&#39&#61&#39&#49
Server Status Code: 302 Found
Tested value: 1' OR '1'='1
Server Status Code: 302 Found
Tested value: 1 UNI/**/ON SELECT ALL FROM WHERE
Server Status Code: 302 Found
Tested value: %31%27%20%4F%52%20%27%31%27%3D%27%31

My script

*

*login.php - Login form

*check-login.php - To check login detail and here is the code.
$email = clean($_POST['username']);
$pass = clean($_POST['password']);
$user = "select * from tbl_admin where admin='$email' and pass='$pass'";
// some code
$_SESSION['login_mes'] = "You have successfully logged in !";
header("Location:admin.php");
exit();
} else {
$_SESSION['login_mes'] = "Invalid email address or password, please try again.";
header("Location:login.php");
exit();
}
The problems came when login failed. If I remove the
} else {

$_SESSION['login_mes'] = "Invalid email address or password, please try again.";
header("Location:login.php");
exit();
}

No failures detect by SQL Inject Me and how to fix this part?

A: 302 is the server's way of saying "I want you to go to [somewhere else]" (in this case login.php).
It is not an error but a perfectly normal response. Especially in your case it makes much more sense (if you ask me) to send the user to a login page after a SQL injection attempt than to let him in.

A: Four years later but I was just looking into this question and thought that I would share for the next person.
After some analysis, we concluded that the 302 is in itself not a concern.  The concern is what page preceded the 302 which might have been sent but was swept away by the 302 before it could be displayed.  If the previous page received by the browser (and perhaps recorded by Fiddler) contained database errors (or other information that a hacker might find useful) than that is bad.  If the 302 is the initial response and it has an empty body, just a header, then I think that you are OK.
You have to display the error page (the purpose of the 302) so I don't see how that could be considered "too much information".

A: "// some code" doesn't help much, but the problem may to be with this clean(). Try mysql_real_escape_string() instead.
Edit: As said above, 302 code means "you are being forwarded". It doens't mean the SQL Injection was sucessfull, as it doesn't mean it wasn't either. In this case you will only know that if you can determine where this 302 is forwarding you, to "admin.php" or "login.php".

A: Some penetration testing tools prefer servers to return no error messages or at least very generic messages.  For example, on the SQL Inject Me page it says

The tool works by sending database escape strings through the form
  fields. It then looks for database error messages that are output into
  the rendered HTML of the page.

So perhaps when it sees the 302 response code, it assumes that your app is returning too much information.  You can test this theory by setting a different status code for your response and seeing if SQL Inject Me still gives an error, like so:
header('HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found');

Of course, sending them a 404 won't help your user find their way back to the login page, so you may have to experiment with other 3XX messages, perhaps 303 or 307.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Unable to generate java files from wadl Error:
'[ERROR] No plugin found for prefix 'wadl' in the current project and in the plugin groups [org.apache.maven.plugins, org.codehaus.mojo] available from the repositories'
When: am trying to generate java files by referring the below link from the section 'Maven Plug-in Usage'
https://wadl.java.net/wadl2java.html

A: I had the same issue. The problem for me was due to the fact that in order for Maven to resolve the wadl prefix you need to add the plugin groups to you settings.xml.
  <pluginGroups>
    <pluginGroup>org.jvnet.ws.wadl</pluginGroup>
  </pluginGroups>

That means that when you run the wadl:generate command it will also look in the org.jvnet.ws.wadl group for a match.

A: Can you make sure that your pom.xml has the below repository, plugin repository and dependency?
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>wadl-repository</id>
      <name>WADL Maven Repository</name>
      <url>https://wadl.dev.java.net/nonav/repository/</url>
    </repository>
    <repository>
      <id>maven2-repository.dev.java.net</id>
      <name>Java.net Repository for Maven</name>
      <url>http://download.java.net/maven/2/</url>
    </repository>
    <repository>
      <id>wadl-snapshots</id>
      <name>WADL Snapshots Repository</name>
      <url>https://wadl.dev.java.net/nonav/snapshots</url>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>true</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <releases>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </releases>
    </repository>
  </repositories>
  <pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
      <id>wadl-snapshots</id>
      <name>WADL Snapshots Repository</name>
      <url>https://wadl.dev.java.net/nonav/snapshots</url>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>true</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <releases>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </releases>
    </pluginRepository>
  </pluginRepositories>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.jvnet.ws.wadl</groupId>
      <artifactId>wadl-core</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.6</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>


These Flip-A-Dial dial in boards are 3 digit white on black. They have a standard mounting patern for most dial in board brackets including all of our billet dial in board brackets. 1 board included per package.


It seems people are finally waking up. As I read the reports of two black men being arrested in Starbucks (https://tinyurl.com/y7dv3yln), the black teenager in Detroit shot at for asking directions to his school (https://tinyurl.com/y8dt56zk), and the black women told to leave the golf course (https://tinyurl.com/y7zynsmw), white people interviewed were shocked these incidents could happen in 2018, yet not one person of color is surprised. This is the reality of their life every day, including the obliviousness of much of White America to the racial injustices that are not a thing of the past as they want to believe. Just because there was a civil rights movement in the sixties, some equal opportunities laws passed, and a black president elected—not once but twice—doesn't mean incidents of inequity have been eradicated.
There are so many incidents of law enforcement using excessive force resulting in the sometimes lethal mistreatment of several black people: Rodney King https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodney_King), LaTasha Hardins (https://tinyurl.com/ya3dbpj6), Trayvon Martin (https://tinyurl.com/nzxcrgg), Walter Scott (https://tinyurl.com/y8ompjhs), Tawon Boyd (https://tinyurl.com/y8wxzv37), the Chicago police officer sentenced to five years for firing his weapon into a car of black teenagers posing no threat (https://tinyurl.com/ycjky2a3), DeAndre Harris (https://tinyurl.com/y9sjlr3o), Philando Castile (https://tinyurl.com/yd588kyc), Lanette Craig and her daughters (https://tinyurl.com/ychro4ey), Stephon Clark (https://tinyurl.com/y8v932c2), and Marlin Gipson (https://tinyurl.com/yd2o6mhf). (Please forgive any omissions to this list. Unfortunately, there are so many, it is difficult to name all the victims.) Many of these police officers went unpunished for their behavior. It's important to note that violent white men like Travis Reinking who shot up a Waffle House killing four people in April, Nikolas Cruz who killed seventeen students in Parkland, FL, and Dylann Roof who shot up the church in Charleston all made it into police custody alive, safe, and unharmed.
And thus, the slogan "Black Lives Matter" was born. Taking offense to this phrase, white people responded with the words, "All lives matter and blue lives matter." These counter slogans demonstrate a lack of understanding of the Black American experience while asserting white privilege. White men are not being gunned down in the streets or their grandmother's backyards! This was happening to black men. White people will sight the fact that people of color are more often violent criminals with high rates of incarceration, so the reason police must be extremely vigilant when confronting a person of color. They don't seem to consider the possibility that the reason prisons are full of people of color is because they are disproportionally arrested, tried, and convicted compared to their white counterparts.
Even if you believe people of color commit more crime, have you considered there is a huge discrepancy between incomes of white, black, and Latino people in the workforce? Is it possible white privilege accounts for this issue as well? If a black person and a white person apply for a higher-paying job where a white person is in charge, who do you think is most likely to get the job?
I am not asking anyone reading this article to do anything out of the ordinary. I'm simply asking you to be an advocate for fairness and justice when you observe the opposite. Like in this article, https://tinyurl.com/yby8m8f2, when police where arresting black teens for causing problems on a subway (they were listening to their music) and attempted to arrest a boy that had nothing to do with the incident, a white woman stood up to the arresting officer and said that that boy was not part of the group. It doesn't take much, just an understanding that the boy couldn't stand up for himself to police officers without supporting the stereotype of being uncooperative. This is where the privileged must step in.
When my black male friend and I were both shopping in a Walmart, we each went through the checkout line with our separate purchases. We both paid with our own credit cards, and the checker asked him for identification but did not ask me. I questioned why she did that. When I was driving a truck on an interstate and was pulled over for speeding, I couldn't understand why my large, dark-skinned male friend became palpably upset and sat still as a statue. It was his truck, by the way. I rolled my window down and was asked for license and registration. I simply leaned over opened the glove box for the registration and rummaged through my purse for my license without a care. When I was asked to exit the vehicle, I was quite surprised because that had never happened to me before despite the many times I have received speeding tickets. Once I had exited the vehicle, the officer asked if I was all right. I was quite taken aback because I had never given any indication of distress to him. He let me go on my way.
When I returned to the vehicle, my friend said, "Don't you know about ten and two?" I said, "Ten and two, what's that?" He went on to explain that any black male raised in the US had likely been taught to keep their hands firmly on the steering wheel at the ten and two position when stopped by police. Furthermore, they should never reach for anything in the car without receiving permission first. I had never heard that before, nor had I taught that to my children. When I shared this story with other white women, they said, "But aren't you glad he did that? What if you really were in trouble?" I can understand them saying that because they have never lived as a black person. I gave no indication I was in distress and the only reason he asked me to leave the vehicle is because I was traveling with a black man. I wouldn't have had the same consideration if he had been white.
That is when it hit me. I had privilege in that situation. I didn't have to worry about ten and two, nor did my children. I taught my white, male children that the police would help them if they were ever in a bind and I wasn't around. Black children are generally taught to avoid police because they might be killed by them; this is the reality in the United States in 2018! No one having a shred of decency wants it to be this way. No one is happy about this, but it is the way it is. Having white privilege does not make you racist. It is a function of a system that has used and oppressed people for a very long time.
People of color can't speak out against the system because those with privilege can go through life without having to ever consider their reality. It is easy for white people to deny the reality of people of color because it is too difficult for us to believe it's happening today, when we feel we've come so far from this country's terrible beginnings.
When Trump coined the phrase "chain immigration" in referring to one person gaining access to our country and then bringing all their relatives over after that, the African-American community was upset. African-Americans were concerned because their relatives immigrated to this country in actual chains! The president was dismissive; his white-privileged response was to simply say that isn't what he meant while he continued using his 'clever' phrase. White privilege allows us to discount the feeling of marginalized people because our intent was not to demean.
What can be done about a racist system? We must pay attention to inequity, and when you see it, speak up. It may not be comfortable, you could lose friendships, you may be attacked, but as a member of the majority culture who is concerned about inequity, you need to point it out whenever you see it, so others can see it too. I'm not asking for you to become mean, angry, or aggressive, but to simply state what you see and ask questions about it. Think of it as bringing awareness to the person who is doing it, as it may be subconscious, and as a notice to others who do it purposefully that they can't get away with those things anymore.
Why can't marginalized people just stand up for themselves? Why do you have to do it? First of all, you don't have to. You can choose to be the silent bystander or stick your head in the sand pretending nothing is wrong. Those are choices. The reason marginalized people can't stand up for themselves is because when they do, they get labelled as 'angry,' 'over-sensitive' or a person with a 'chip' on their shoulder. Their point of view is downplayed and often ignored.
Remember Edmund Burk's quote, "The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing." It is up to the silent bystanders to play a role. First, we must recognize inequity and then we have to point it out.


@media covering and (orientation: landscape) @media screen and (orientation: portrait) mark up html, natural object body input::-ms-clear a a:focus, a:hover ul ul li :focus button, input, select, textarea . Eu cook Bar__cookie Button:focus @keyframes gyre Bg Grid Links .
Are you sensing for a religious writing mental representation plan for your children? Would you similar your children to drop example in the Bible all day, but you're not precisely destined where to begin? This page contains links to a miscellanea of indication plans to help you get your kid into the Word of God.


text:
Q: Как сравнить массивы PHP правильно? Есть много массивов типа:
Array (
[0] => 12512650
[1] => https://www.makfsa.ru/
[2] => https://ru.wikipsedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%B0
[3] => http://makfa.nichosst.ru/
[4] => http://ru.makfapasta.com/production/product/pasta/
[5] => http://ru.makfapasta.com/
[6] => https://www.utkaonos.ru/item/42/1096519
[7] => https://www.utkonos.ru/item/42/1096522
[8] => https://www.utkonos.ru/item/1381/3223485
[9] => https://www.uatkonos.ru/item/42/1096527
[10] => https://proactions.ru/actions/food/makfa/
)

Таких массивов может быть от 2х до 20и.
Есть так же массив типа:
Array (
[obj] =>
   Array (
   [0] =>
      Array (
       [url] => https://www.utkonos.ru/item/1381/3223485
       [ton] => Не определена
       [type] => Не определен
       )
   [1] =>
      Array (
       [url] => https://proactions.ru/actions/food/makfa/
       [ton] => Не определена
       [type] => Не определен
      )
   [2] => Array (
       [url] => http://makfa.nichost.ru/
       [ton] => Не определена
       [type] => Не определен
      )
   [3] => Array (
       [url] => https://ru.wikipedia.org/wikif/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%B0
       [ton] => Не определена
       [type] => Не определен
      )
   [4] => Array (
       [url] => http://ru.makfapasta.com/producftion/product/pasta/
       [ton] => Не определена
       [type] => Не определен )
   [5] => Array (
       [url] => http://ru.mafkfapasta.com/
       [ton] => Не определена
       [type] => Не определен
    ) ....

Необходимо url из второго массива сравнить с с первыми массивами и образовать новые массива типа первых, но уже с добавлением соответствующих ton и type значений. Как?

A: Примерно так:
<?php
$first_array = array( '......' );
$last_array = array( '......' );
$result = array();

for ( $i = 0; $i < count( $first_array ); $i++ ) {
    $key = array_search( $first_array[ $i ], $last_array, true );
    if ( $key ) {
        $result[ $i ][ 'url' ] = $last_array[ $key ][ 'url' ];
        $result[ $i ][ 'url' ] = $last_array[ $key ][ 'ton' ];
        $result[ $i ][ 'url' ] = $last_array[ $key ][ 'type' ];
    }
}

print_r( $result );

?>

p.s  Не забудьте подменить ваши массивы на мои ($first_array,$last_array)

A: Ваши массивы:
$arr_1 = [
    '12512650',
    'https://www.makfsa.ru/',
    'https://ru.wikipsedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%B0',
    'http://makfa.nichosst.ru/',
    'http://ru.makfapasta.com/production/product/pasta/',
    'http://ru.makfapasta.com/',
    'https://www.utkaonos.ru/item/42/1096519',
    'https://www.utkonos.ru/item/42/1096522',
    'https://www.utkonos.ru/item/1381/3223485',
    'https://www.uatkonos.ru/item/42/1096527',
    'https://proactions.ru/actions/food/makfa/'
];

$arr_2 = [
    'obj' =>  [
        [
           'url' => 'https://www.utkonos.ru/item/1381/3223485',
           'ton' => 'Не определена',
           'type' => 'Не определен'
        ],
        [
           'url' => 'https://proactions.ru/actions/food/makfa/',
           'ton' => 'Не определена',
           'type' => 'Не определен'
        ],
        [
           'url' => 'http://makfa.nichost.ru/',
           'ton' => 'Не определена',
           'type' => 'Не определен'
        ],
        [
           'url' => 'https://ru.wikipedia.org/wikif/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%B0',
           'ton' => 'Не определена',
           'type' => 'Не определен'
        ],
        [
           'url' => 'http://ru.makfapasta.com/producftion/product/pasta/',
           'ton' => 'Не определена',
           'type' => 'Не определен'
        ],
        [
           'url' => 'http://ru.mafkfapasta.com/',
           'ton' => 'Не определена',
           'type' => 'Не определен'
        ]
    ]
];

Тогда решение можно записать так:
$new = [];

foreach($arr_2 as $key => $arr) {
    foreach ($arr as $k => $a) {
        $url = array_intersect(array_column($arr_2[$key], 'url'), $arr_1);
        ! in_array($a['url'], $url) ?: $new[] = $a;
    }
}

var_dump($new);

В результате работы скрипта будет получен массив:
array (size=2)
  0 =>
    array (size=3)
      'url' => string 'https://www.utkonos.ru/item/1381/3223485' (length=40)
      'ton' => string 'Не определена' (length=25)
      'type' => string 'Не определен' (length=23)
  1 =>
    array (size=3)
      'url' => string 'https://proactions.ru/actions/food/makfa/' (length=41)
      'ton' => string 'Не определена' (length=25)
      'type' => string 'Не определен' (length=23)


text:
Why Don't We - Cold In LA (Official Audio)
by: Atlantic Records Duration: 03:27
The official audio of "Cold In LA" by Why Don't We. Why Don't We - 'Cold In LA' Available now: https://Atlantic.lnk.to/ColdInLALYSubscribe for more official content from Atlantic Records:https://Atlantic.lnk.to/subscribeFollow Atlantic Recordshttps://facebook.com/atlanticrecordshttps://instagram.com/atlanticrecordshttps://twitter.com/AtlanticRecordshttp://atlanticrecords.comThe official Atlantic Records YouTube Channel is home to the hottest in hip-hop, rock, pop, R&B, indie, musicals and soundtracks. With over 70 years of global recorded music history, Atlantic Records' legacy and passion for artistry continues with Top 40 hitmakers like Wiz Khalifa, Sean Paul, Trey Songz, Bruno Mars, Charlie Puth, Janelle Monáe, and B.o.B. Atlantic Records prides itself for working on Motion Picture Soundtracks, such as "The Greatest Showman", "Suicide Squad" and "The Fate of the Furious." As well as Musical Soundtracks including "Dear Evan Hansen," and Grammy and Tony Award Winning "Hamilton". It is home to world-renowned record labels representing music from every genre, including Asylum, Big Beat, Canvasback, Elektra, Fueled By Ramen, Rhino, Roadrunner, and Sire. Subscribe for the latest official music videos, official audio videos, performances, bts and more from our artists and projects.https://Atlantic.lnk.to/YTSubscribe#AtlanticRecords #Atlantic
Why Don't We - Hard (Official Audio)
Andy Grammer - "Don't Give Up On Me" [Official Lyric Video] from the film Five Feet Apart
Told You So
HRVY - Topic
Jonas Brothers - Sucker (Lyrics)
Sleepy Wolf
Lauv & Troye Sivan - i'm so tired... [Official Audio]
Jessie J - One More Try (from & Juliet) [Official Lyric Video]
The Chainsmokers & 5 Seconds of Summer - Who Do You Love (Lyrics)
Why Don't We - Topic
8 Letters - Why Don't We [Official Music Video]
Trust Fund Baby - Why Don't We [Official Music Video]
Post Malone - Wow (Lyrics)
Unique Sound
Big Plans
Why Don't We - BIG PLANS (Lyrics)
NewMelody


As Tenet Healthcare considers a possible sale, HCA has emerged as a potential buyer.
HCA, the nation's largest health system with 177 hospitals, is big enough to acquire assets from 77-hospital Tenet, including Tenet's 10 hospitals around Miami.
Those are some of Tenet's most-profitable hospitals, representing about 25% of the company's total acute-care beds nationally, said Jefferies & Co. analyst Brian Tanquilut.
But Nashville-based HCA already has 14 hospitals in south Florida, and antitrust regulators would certainly look at the implications of marrying those operations.
"If you take away those hospitals, what's really left to buy," Tanquilut asked.
Tenet also has strong hospitals in San Antonio and El Paso, Texas.
But, like South Florida, HCA already has major hospitals in those markets and would face an anti-trust fight from regulators concerned about what dominant HCA hospital ownership would do to competition, said a mergers and acquisition consultant who asked not to be named because he does business with HCA and Tenet.
Money-losing Tenet has hired bankers to explore strategic options for the company, including its possible sale in whole or in parts, according to media reports.
Dallas-based Tenet has three main lines of business: its hospital division, a large ambulatory surgery center chain in United Surgical Partners International and its revenue-cycle business Conifer Health Solutions.
Tenet spokesman Dan Waldmann said Thursday that Tenet does not comment on market speculation. An HCA spokeswoman also declined to comment.
In a note to investors Thursday, Mizuho Securities healthcare analyst Sheryl Skolnick also was doubtful that HCA would buy Tenet.
Skolnick wondered whether HCA could milk much more margin out of Tenet hospitals, sans South Florida, El Paso and San Antonio, than Tenet has been able to after years of effort.
She says HCA has already bought the Tenet hospitals it wants. Those include three in Houston that cost $750 million to acquire. That leaves Tenet with the option of selling single or pairs of hospitals to regional not-for-profit hospitals and other buyers rather than selling in one fell swoop, Tanquilut said.
That's similar to the strategy being employed by Community Health Systems, another money-losing system with outsized debt that is selling 30 hospitals to several different buyers.
Skolnick concluded that HCA might better use its abundant cash flow to continue to buy back HCA stock to provide shareholder value.
Tenet was cashflow negative in each of the past two quarters. The company posted a net loss of $56 million in the second quarter ended June 30.
Tanquilut said the sale of Tenet's ambulatory surgery center business and revenue-cycle subsidiary also are problematic.
USPI is a strong, profitable operation that is expected to grow as more surgeries move from inpatient to a less-costly outpatient setting. It's an asset worth holding onto, he said.
In fact, Tenet used the $750 million proceeds from its Houston hospital divestiture by pay off bank debt taken to raise its majority stake in USPI to 80%.
If Tenet's board does decide to sell USPI, it would be attractive to a number of large private equity funds, said the M&A source. Tenet bought 50% of USPI in 2015 from private equity firm, Welsh, Carson, Anderson & Stowe. Tenet paid $425 million.
Meantime, the sale of the Conifer unit would bring a limited return to Tenet because its customer base today is very narrow: basically, it's limited to two very large customers, Tenet's own hospitals and those of Catholic Health Initiatives, Tanquilut said.
Tenet, he said, needs more time to diversify its customer base before it attracts more potential buyers, he said.


ST. LEOCADIA was a native of Toledo, and was apprehended by an order of Dacian, the cruel governor under Diocletian in 304. Hearing of the martyrdom of St. Eulalia, she prayed that God would not prolong her exile, but unite her speedily with her holy friend in His glory. Her prayer was heard, and she happily expired in prison.
Three famous churches in Toledo bear her name, and she is honored as principal patroness of that city. In one of those churches most of the councils of Toledo were held. Her relics were kept in that church with great respect, till, in the incursions of the Moors, they were conveyed to Oviedo, and some years afterward to the abbey of St. Guislain, near Mons in Hainault. They were finally carried back to Toledo with great pomp, and placed in the great church there on the 26th of April, 1589.
Reflection.—Were we not blinded by the world and the enchantment of its follies, the near prospect of eternity, the uncertainty of the hour of our death, and the repeated precepts of Christ would produce in us the same fervent dispositions which they did in the primitive Christians.


Ron Huldai, Mayor of Tel Aviv, and Jack Bennett, deputy manager of Skolkovo City, represent different strategies aimed at emulating the success of Silicon Valley in becoming a global innovation center.
With the medieval streets of Jaffa less than a mile away, Tel Aviv doesn't immediately come across as the next technology hub. However, it has been building successfully on Israel's status as the "start-up nation" to attract scores of innovative entrepreneurs over the past few years.
According to Ron Huldai, the key is flexibility.
Speaking before his talk at the New Cities Summit in Paris this week, Huldai explained: "Start-ups are extremely high-risk and fast-paced. They're not always keen to enter a long-term lease on offices or invest in office furniture."
Tel Aviv has come up with a spatial strategy. According to Huldai, "Tel Aviv has developed co-working space as a solution to providing start-ups with shared office facilities they can rent from one month to a year until they are ready to take on their own space. Furthermore, the co-working space provides a synergetic community that is crucial at this stage."
Developers of Skolkovo — an unbuilt prototype for a new city just outside Moscow — have taken a more radical approach. They envision a full-fledged "innocity" that could become an open-source blueprint for future urban development. The city is expected to house more than 30,000 workers when completed later this decade. The multi-billion dollar project has been heralded as a sea change for Russian urban planning.
"We strongly believe, based on our research over the past several years, that to innovate effectively you need to be living where you are working," said Skolkovo deputy city manager Jack Bennett. "So we've worked closely with CISCO to integrate housing with a technology park based on their Smart+Connected Communities initiative, which will help provide the services needed for comfortable urban living."
While the government of Tel Aviv has been helping individual start-ups take root in Israel's established technology industry, Russia is attempting to build such an industry from the ground up. This has prompted a new openness to working with partners from around the world.
"What the Russians understand is that to innovate in today's world you need to collaborate," Bennett added. "If you look at the 1950s to 1980s, up until the fall of the Iron Curtain, things were based on closed systems. The Russians understand that we need to collaborate on a global scale to make Skolkovo work."
French architecture firm AREP, along with SETEC engineers and landscape architect Michel Devigne, were commissioned to design the master plan for Skolkovo, which revolves around a series of clusters for different tech industries.
The aim was to create opportunities for fruitful interaction between people, bodies of knowledge, research projects and businesses, and to adhere to sustainable development principles.
Bennett sees the "smart city" cluster environment as the key to cultivating innovation. "You are in the environment where all the amenities are at the touch of a finger. If a city is to be competitive and smart it needs to have a strong information-technology infrastructure. It needs the social infrastructure, the commercial infrastructure, the logical infrastructure for people to be successful."
Russia's approach is an expensive and risky one, but it offers the advantages of a fresh start. Although entrepreneurial culture in Russia is not as established as it is in Israel, the government can still foster initiatives that are taking place in existing cities. It remains to be seen whether beginning with a blank slate is more effective than focusing on processes that are already happening independently.
Tim Clark is a freelance journalist based in the U.K. He splits his time between writing about comedy for his website Such Small Portions and writing about travel, architecture and education.


text:
2013-14Top 16Round 5
January 31, 2014 CET: 19:00
Local time: 20:00 ABDI IPEKCI ARENA
Arroyo leads Galatasaray past Zalgiris
Galatasaray Liv Hospital grabbed its second consecutive win in Top 16 Group F by rallying to edge Zalgiris Kaunas 90-83 at home on Friday. Galatasaray improved to 2-3, while Zalgiris dropped to 0-5. Carlos Arroyo led the winners with 22 points and 9 assists. Cenk Akyol had 13 points, Zoran Erceg and Ender Arslan each added 12 and Milan Macvan scored 11 for Galatasaray. Martynas Pocius and Robertas Javtokas set new personal Euroleague career highs with 26 and 21 points, respectively, for the Lithuanian champs. Javtokas hit 10 of 14 two-pointers and added 9 rebounds while Pocius hit 5 of 9 three-point shots and 5 of 6 shot from inside the arc. Paulius Jankunas added 11 points for Zalgiris, which led 12-23 after 10 minutes behind an outstanding Javtokas. Arroyo and Erceg stepped up in the second quarter and a three-pointer by Akyol gave Galatasaray a 40-35 edge at halftime. Galatasaray boosted its margin to 65-54 late in the third quarter but a rain of three-pointers by Pocius, Justin Dentmon and Arturas Milaknis brought Zalgiris as close as 80-78. Huseyin Koksal, Arroyo and Pops Mensah-Monsu stepped up in crunch time to lead Galatasaray to its first home win in this year's Top 16.
First quarter: Javtokas takes over, puts Zalgiris ahead
Jankunas got Zalgiris going with a three-pointer from the top of the key and a layup-plus-foul by Pocius gave the guests a 0-6 lead. Arroyo sank a five-meter jumper and a triple by Zoran Erceg brought Galatasaray within 5-6. Vytenis Lipkevicius struck from downtown, but Arroyo matched him with free throws. Javtokas followed a backdoor layup with his trademark hook shot for an 8-13 Zalgiris edge. Koksal and Jankunas traded baskets and a layup by Javtokas boosted the guests' lead to 10-17. Javtokas kept pacing Zalgiris with a hook shot that Malik Hairston matched with a slam. Javtokas dunked and added a layup to make it a double-digit game, 12-23. Arroyo responded with a three-pointer. Ksistof Lavrinovic made free throws. A layup by Macvan kept Galatasaray within 17-25 at the end of the first quarter.
Second quarter: Arroyo rescues Galatasaray
Arroyo followed a stop-and-pop jumper with a fadeaway shot, as Galatasaray improved its defense early in the second quarter. Pocius stepped up with an acrobatic basket, but Erceg took over with a three-point play that brought the hosts within 24-27. Jankunas briefly silenced the crowd with a dunk in traffic. Henry Domercant erased it with a six-meter jumper. Arroyo took over with a driving basket. Lavrinovic scored down low, but Macvan followed a tip-in with a fast break layup to give Galatasaray its first lead, 32-31. Lipkevicius scored around the basket, as Galatasaray struggled to score without Arroyo and Erceg on court. Javtokas shined with an alley-oop layup, but Arroyo returned to the court and beat the shot-clock buzzer with a rainbow jumper. Ender Arslan copied him right after that with an off-balance jumper and a three-pointer by Cenk Akyol caused Zalgiris to call timeout at 39-35. A free throw by Mensah-Bonsu fixed the halftime score at 40-35.
Third quarter: Hosts make their move
Akyol buried a corner triple immediately after the break to cap an 11-0 Galatasaray run. Pocius stepped up with an off-balance jumper and a three-pointer by Lipkevicius brought Zalgiris within 43-40. Macvan shined with a layup in transition that Pocius bettered with a bomb from downtown. Hairston scored around the basket and a three-pointer by Erceg restored a 50-43 Galatasaray edge. Javtokas nailed an off-balance hook shot. Macvan dunked and a three-point play by Arslan boosted the hosts' lead to double digits, 55-45. Arslan kept pacing Galatasaray with a fast break layup that Javtokas matched with a put-back basket. Zalgiris improved with a very active zone defense and an alley-oop layup by Jankunas kept the guests within 57-49. After Arslan hit a jumper, Pocius scored in penetration. A triple by Erceg gave the hosts a 62-51 edge. Pocius and a red-hot Arslan traded three-pointers, but Pocius insisted from downtown to make it 65-57.
Fourth quarter: Zalgiris rallies, Galatasaray holds tight
Akyol hit a three-pointer early in the fourth quarter but Pocius immediately answered from downtown for a 68-60 score. Mensah-Bonsu ignited the crowd with a slam. Vytenis Cizauskas split free throws and a wild alleyoop layup by an unstoppable Pocius gave Zalgiris hope at 70-63. Akyol stepped up with a put-back layup and Mensah-Bonsu took over with a wild slam, but three-pointers by Justin Dentmon - his first basket - and Arturas Milaknis brought Zalgiris even closer, 74-69. Arroyo made free throws and another triple by Dentmon made it a 4-point game. Macvan split foul shots and a jumper by Arroyo gave Galatasaray fresh air at 79-72. Pocius buried another shot from beyond the arc. Koksal split free throws and a three-pointer by Milaknis brought Zalgiris as close as 80-78 with three minutes left. Koksal answered from downtown and a floater by Arroyo forced the guests to call timeout at 85-78. A wild reverse dunk by Mensah-Bonsu allowed Galatasaray to seal the outcome, 87-79. Zalgiris kept trying, but Galatasaray, pushed by an incredible crowd, cruised to a big home win.
Referees: GARCIA, JOSE RAMON; CONDE, ANTONIO; TRAWICKI, TOMASZ
Attendance: 7157 (Tentative)
Galatasaray Liv Hospital Istanbul 17 23 25 25
Zalgiris Kaunas 25 10 22 26
Galatasaray Liv Hospital Istanbul
4 ERCEG, ZORAN 26:19 12 1/4 3/4 1/1 1 7 8 2 1 1 1 2 19
7 KOKSAL, GOKSENIN 12:33 6 1/1 1/1 1/4 1 1 2 2 4
8 HAIRSTON, MALIK 21:00 4 2/4 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 3
14 ATSUR, ENGIN DNP - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
17 AKYOL, CENK 22:20 13 1/1 3/6 2/2 2 1 3 1 2 2 14
19 ALDEMIR, FURKAN 5:44 0/1 1 1 -3
21 MENSAH-BONSU, POPS 21:48 8 3/4 2/4 4 4 1 2 4 4 10
25 MACVAN, MILAN 26:09 11 5/6 1/2 1 2 3 2 1 1 2 4 14
30 ARROYO, CARLOS 36:10 22 7/9 1/4 5/5 3 3 9 3 2 4 28
32 GULER, SINAN DNP - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
33 ARSLAN, ENDER 19:04 12 4/4 1/2 1/1 2 2 4 2 1 16
44 DOMERCANT, HENRY 8:53 2 1/3 0/2 1 1 2 1
Team 1 5 6 1 5
Totals 200:00 90 25/37 9/19 13/19 6 26 32 20 3 12 3 2 16 20 110
Head coach: ATAMAN, ERGIN
Zalgiris Kaunas
4 CIZAUSKAS, VYTENIS 18:12 1 0/2 1/2 2 2 5 2 3 2 2
7 POCIUS, MARTYNAS 34:12 26 5/6 5/9 1/1 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 3 5 27
10 LIPKEVICIUS, VYTENIS 19:52 8 1/2 2/2 1 1 1 2 1 8
12 KLIMAVICIUS, TADAS DNP - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
13 JANKUNAS, PAULIUS 30:06 11 4/6 1/3 0/1 4 4 3 1 1 13
15 JAVTOKAS, ROBERTAS 32:27 21 10/14 1/2 5 4 9 1 2 1 1 1 25
21 MILAKNIS, ARTURAS 17:30 6 2/4 2 2 1 3 4
22 KUPSAS, MINDAUGAS 3:18 1 -1
23 DIMSA, TOMAS DNP - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
33 LAVRINOVIC, KSISTOF 14:09 4 1/5 2/2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 3
55 DENTMON, JUSTIN 30:14 6 0/5 2/8 1 1 7 1 3 2 5 5 -1
Totals 200:00 83 21/38 12/28 5/8 9 18 27 19 3 10 2 3 20 16 81
Head coach: STOMBERGAS, SAULIUS
ATAMAN, ERGIN
"There was a top level Euroleague game tonight. I have to congratulate everyone. We played and fought well. I also have to congratulate Zalgiris because their offense was excellent. Even though we led by 12, they managed to get in the game. Our fans created a magnificent atmosphere here in Abdi Ipekci. We played good offense and took advantage of their defensive weakness. While Zalgiris has no wins, I think they'll get a few teams down in the Top 16. They almost beat Kuban last week, and they made a stand against us this week. I'm happy for the win in the end."
STOMBERGAS, SAULIUS
"Galatasaray had a home advantage. After the first period they knew how to put pressure on us and control the game. In the second quarter our players seemed tired and we didn't have enough players for a rotation. They scored some easy shots. We were better in the second half. We tried different defenses. However we couldn't stop Galatasaray. When the opponent scores 90 points it's hard to win a game. We need to defend better in future games. "
ARSLAN, ENDER
"It was a game that we needed to win tonight. We were well motivated, but started with a little bit of pressure on us. But in the second period we refreshed ourselves and started to play tough. It helped us to open our offence and we took the control of the game. Zalgiris has many offensive weapons to change the destiny of the game. But we also did well to keep control of the game until the end. What we have to do now is keep winning."
Cenk Akyol - Galatasaray Liv Hospital vs. Zalgiris Kaunas
Robertas Javtokas - Zalgiris Kaunas vs. Galatasaray Liv Hospital
Carlos Arroyo - Galatasaray Liv Hospital vs. Zalgiris Kaunas
Paulius Jankunas - Zalgiris Kaunas vs. Galatasaray Liv Hospital
Ender Arslan - Galatasaray Liv Hospital vs. Zalgiris Kaunas
Justin Dentmon - Zalgiris Kaunas vs. Galatasaray Liv Hospital
Martynas Pocius - Zalgiris Kaunas vs. Galatasaray Liv Hospital
Round 1 Round 2 Round 3 Round 4 Round 5 Round 6 Round 7 Round 8 Round 9 Round 10 Round 11 Round 12 Round 13 Round 14
January 30 20:00 CET LIVE FINAL
Partizan NIS Belgrade 81
Lokomotiv Kuban Krasnodar 87


text:
Home > About PIH Health > Newsroom > New Website Launched – PIHHealth.org
PIH Health Launches Expanded Website – PIHHealth.org
Designed with the Patient in Mind
PIH Health has launched a new-and-improved website for quick and easy access to important health information. Patients, families, volunteers, staff, donors and other community members can easily access useful information with a click of a button or swipe on a phone.
"We are pleased to introduce our new website that provides convenient access to information about our entire health system, including our hospitals in Whittier and Downey, 22 medical offices, physicians and medical services," said PIH Health President and Chief Executive Officer James R. West. "We designed the new site to be a resource for the 2.1 million people living in our primary service area and beyond."
The new website also enables users to quickly find job listings, register for classes and events, get healthy living advice in our Wellness section, securely pay a bill online and make donations to support the PIH Health Foundation.
The website's new Find a Doctor tool enables users to search and learn about local physicians based on specialty, zip code, gender and even languages spoken. And, the extensive health library contains 40,000 pages of videos, health descriptions and definitions on every topic from A to Z.
To access PIH Health's expanded website, visit PIHHealth.org.
Most Wired Award for Second Consecutive Year
Standards of Excellence Award
National Research Corporation's Path to Excellence Award - Fifth Consecutive Year
Support PIH Health Foundation by Shopping for a Cause
Anthem Blue Cross and PIH Health Partner to launch Vivity
One-Year Anniversary of PIH Health Hospital - Downey
New Board of Directors Announced
Frank Scott Pro/Am Golf Tournament Nets $250,000
PIH Health Named Among America's 50 Best Hospitals for Cardiac Surgery
One-Year Anniversary Celebration at PIH Health Hospital - Downey
New Optical Shop Opens Today
HIMSS Analytics Stage 6 Honor For Technology
The Joint Commission Recognizes PIH Health
Excellence in Healthcare Award Earned by PIH Health Physicians - Group Division


text:
Merced College
www.mccd.edu/
Merced College is a higher education institution located in Merced County, CA. In N/A, the most popular Bachelor's Degree concentrations at Merced College were N/A.
In 2020, 3,121 degrees were awarded across all undergraduate and graduate programs at Merced College. 63.1% of these degrees were awarded to women, and 36.9% awarded men. The most common race/ethnicity group of degree recipients was hispanic or latino (1,907 degrees), 3.35 times more than then the next closest race/ethnicity group, white (569 degrees).
The median undergraduate tuition at Merced College is $1,104, which is $−6,876 less than the national average for Associates Colleges ($7,980).
In 2020, 66% of undergraduate students attending Merced College received financial aid through grants. Comparatively, N/A% of undergraduate students received financial aid through loans.
In 2020, the cost of tuition at Merced College was $1,104. The cost of tuition at Merced College is $−6,876 less than than the overall (public and private) national average for Associates Colleges ($7,980).
This chart compares the tuition costs of Merced College (in red) with those of other similar universities.
In 2020 Merced College had an average net price — the price paid after factoring in grants and loans — of $13,565. Between 2019 and 2020, the average net price of Merced College grew by 11.7%.
This chart compares the average net price of Merced College (in red) with that of other similar universities.
The average yearly cost of room and board at Merced College was of $15,084 in 2020. During the same period, the average yearly cost of books and supplies was $1,971. The cost of room and board increased by 9.47% between 2019 and 2020. The cost of books and supplies increased by 2.82% during the same period.
This chart compares the average student costs at Merced College (in red) with that of similar universities.
66% of undergraduate students at Merced College received financial aid through grants or loans in 2020. This represents a growth of 0% with respect to 2019, when 66% of undergraduate students received financial aid.
This chart compares the average award discount at Merced College (in red) with that of other similar universities.
Merced College has a total enrollment of 10,645 students. The full-time enrollment at Merced College is 4,333 students and the part-time enrollment is 6,312. This means that 40.7% of students enrolled at Merced College are enrolled full-time.
The enrolled student population at Merced College, both undergraduate and graduate, is 59.2% Hispanic or Latino, 17.9% White, 8.34% Asian, 3.02% Two or More Races, 2.97% Black or African American, 0.47% American Indian or Alaska Native, and 0.207% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders.
Students enrolled at Merced College in full-time Undergraduate programs are most commonly Hispanic or Latino Female (39%), followed by Hispanic or Latino Male (21.4%) and White Female (9.49%). Students enrolled in full-time Graduate programs are most commonly N/A, followed by N/A and N/A.
The total enrollment at Merced College, both undergraduate and graduate, is 10,645 students. The full-time enrollment at Merced College is 4,333 and the part-time enrollment is 6,312. This means that 40.7% of students enrolled at Merced College are enrolled full-time compared with 34.4% at similar Associates Colleges.
This chart shows the full-time vs part-time enrollment status at Merced College (in red) compares to similar universities.
Retention rate measures the number of first-time students who began their studies the previous fall and returned to school the following fall. The retention rate for full-time undergraduates at Merced College was 61%. Compared with the full-time retention rate at similar Associates Colleges (60%), Merced College had a retention rate higher than its peers.
This chart shows the retention rate over time at Merced College (highlighted in red) compares to similar universities.
The enrolled student population at Merced College is 59.2% Hispanic or Latino, 17.9% White, 8.34% Asian, 3.02% Two or More Races, 2.97% Black or African American, 0.47% American Indian or Alaska Native, and 0.207% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders. This includes both full-time and part-time students as well as graduate and undergraduates. By comparison, enrollment for all Associates Colleges is 44.5% White, 26.8% Hispanic or Latino, and 12.2% Black or African American.
Any student who is studying in the United States on a temporary basis is categorized as a "Non-Resident Alien", and the share of those students are shown in the chart below. Additionally, 787 students (7.39%) did not report their race.
In 2020, 817 more women than men received degrees from Merced College. The most common race/ethnicity group of degree recipients at Merced College is hispanic or latino (1,907 degrees awarded). There were 3.35 times more hispanic or latino graduates than the next closest race/ethnicity group, white (569 degrees).
The most common Bachelor's Degree concentration at Merced College is N/A, followed by N/A and N/A.
The most specialized majors across all degree types at Merced College, meaning they have significantly more degrees awarded in that concentration than the national average across all institutions, are Agriculture (135 degrees awarded), Liberal Arts & Humanities (967 degrees), and Social Sciences (347 degrees).
Lawyers, & judges, magistrates, & other judicial workers
The most common jobs for people who hold a degree in one of the 5 most specialized majors at Merced College are Lawyers, & judges, magistrates, & other judicial workers (349,307 people), Elementary & middle school teachers (317,145 people), Other managers (307,835 people), Postsecondary teachers (162,018 people), and Social workers, all other (159,267 people).
The most specialized majors at Merced College are Agriculture (135 degrees awarded), Liberal Arts & Humanities (967 degrees), Social Sciences (347 degrees), Psychology (310 degrees), and Human Sciences (90 degrees).
The highest paying jobs for people who hold a degree in one of the 5 most specialized majors at Merced College are Surgeons, Skincare specialists, Broadcast announcers and radio disc jockeys, Nuclear medicine technologists and medical dosimetrists, and Physicians
The most common industries for people who hold a degree in one of the 5 most specialized majors at Merced College are Elementary & secondary schools (719,991 people), Colleges, universities & professional schools, including junior colleges (405,143 people), General medical and surgical hospitals, and specialty (except psychiatric and substance abuse) hospitals (311,147 people), Legal services (290,549 people), and Justice, public order, & safety activities (235,277 people).
IPEDS uses the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) standard, so the categories may not match the exact concentrations offered by Merced College.
In false, the most common bachelors degree concentration at Merced College was N/A with N/A degrees awarded.
This visualization illustrates the percentage of degree-majors recipients from bachelors degree programs at Merced College according to their major.
In 2020, 1,152 degrees were awarded to men at Merced College, which is 0.585 times less than the number of degrees awarded to females (1,969).
This chart displays the sex disparity between the top 5 majors at Merced College by degrees awarded.
In false, 339 degrees were awarded to men at Merced College in Liberal Arts & Sciences, which is 0.54 times less than the 628 female recipients with that same degree.
In false, 628 degrees were awarded to women at Merced College in Liberal Arts & Sciences, which is 1.85 times more than the 339 male recipients with that same degree.
In 2020, 10% of students graduating from Merced College completed their program within 100% "normal time" (i.e. 4 years for a 4-year degree). Comparatively, 30% completed their degrees within 150% of the normal time, and 39% within 200%.
The following chart shows these completion rates over time compared to the average for the Associates Colleges Carnegie Classification group.
The student demographic with the highest graduation rate at Merced College is Female and White (40.4% graduation rate). Across all Associates Colleges, Asian Female students have the highest graduation rate (72.4%).
The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) categorizes any student who is studying in the United States on a temporary basis as a "Non-Resident Alien", and the graduation rate of those students is shown in the chart below. Additionally, 0.265% of graduates (1 students) did not report their race.
The most common race/ethnicity at Merced College is hispanic or latino (1,907 degrees awarded). There were 3.35 times more hispanic or latino recipients than the next closest race/ethnicity group, white (569 degrees).
6.15% of degree recipients (192 students) did not report their race.
Hispanic or Latino Male
The most common race/ethnicity and sex grouping at Merced College is hispanic or latino female (1,246 degrees awarded). There were 1.89 times more hispanic or latino female recipients than the next closest race/ethnicity group, hispanic or latino male (661 degrees).
Merced College has an endowment valued at nearly $7.78M, as of the end of the 2020 fiscal year. The return on its endowment was of $482k (6.19%), compared to the 5.11% average return ($226k on $4.42M) across all Associates Colleges.
In 2020, Merced College had a total salary expenditure of $124M. Merced College employs 189 Instructors, 0 N/A, and 0 N/A. Most academics at Merced College are Female Instructors (105), Male Instructors(84), and N/A (0).
The most common positions for non-instructional staff at Merced College are: Office and Administrative Support, with 57 employees, Management, with 50 employees, and Business and Financial Operations with 49 employees.
Merced College has an endowment valued at about $7.78M, as of the end of the 2020 fiscal year. The endowment of Merced College grew 1.83% from the previous year. The value of their endowment was $3.35M higher than than the median endowment of Associates Colleges according to the Carnegie Classification grouping.
This line chart shows how the endowment at Merced College (in red) compares to that of some similar universities.
The small bar chart below shows the endowment quintiles for all universities in the Associates Colleges: Mixed Transfer/Career & Technical-High Traditional Carnegie Classification grouping.
$1.95M - Federal
$1.67M - Local
As of 2020, Merced College received $1.95M in grants and contracts from the federal government, $17.7M from state grants and contracts, and $1.67M from local grants and contracts.
In 2020, Merced College paid a median of $46M in salaries, which represents 37% of their overall expenditure ($124M) and a 6.2% growth from the previous year. This is compared to a 8.05% growth from 2018 and a 0.661% decline from 2017.
The median for similar Associates Colleges is 16.8M (43.6% of overall expenditures).
In 2020, Merced College paid a total of $17.1M to 189 employees working as instructors, which represents 37.1% of all salaries paid.
This is compared to a median of $4.98M (29.6%) for similar Associates Colleges.
57 Employees
In 2020, the most common positions for instructional staff at Merced College were Instructor with 189 employees; false with 0 employees; and false with 0 employees.
In 2020, the most common positions for non-instructional staff at Merced College were Office and Administrative Support with 57 employees; Management with 50 employees; and Business and Financial Operations with 49 employees.
Female Instructor
Male Instructor
In 2020, the most common demographic for instructional staff at Merced College was Female Instructor with 105 employees, and Male Instructor with 84 employees.
This chart shows the sex split between each academic rank present at Merced College.
Pasadena City College
Foothill College
Napa Valley College
Evergreen Valley College


In this video, we'll be configuring the ISE app in Splunk. We'll configure ISE to send syslog data to Splunk and configure the data input in Splunk. After that has completed, we will verify that the data is populating in the Splunk ISE app dashboard.


text:
Disabled travellers want better access to trains
Getting on and off trains is not an easy task for the disabled Keystone
Blind and disabled travellers are urging the Swiss Federal Railways to more quickly adapt its facilities to help them travel more painlessly on trains.
The rail company has launched a series of initiatives to adapt its facilities, and has hired more staff to aid wheelchair users, as well as those who are blind or deaf.
But disabled groups argue that, above all, the federal train company needs to more quickly implement the measures for the estimated 500,000 disabled people in Switzerland.
They have requested more brail lettering on trains and stations, warning or 'tactile' lines marking the edge of platforms, or making the platforms level with trains, and more audio announcements at the stations.
The Swiss Parliament is considering a new law that would give blind and disabled travellers the right to demand access to public transport and buildings. The parliament is scheduled to discuss the issue in September, although legislation is unlikely to be approved before 2003.
Barriers limit access
"The situation is not very good right now, but it is improving slowly. Disabled people can use public transport but only in a limited way, on the main lines," says Werner Hofstetter of the Swiss Association for disabled people and public transport.
It is extremely difficult for disabled people to travel alone outside of the larger cities. "The regional traffic is not designed very well and as soon as you get out of the main cities, there is no infrastructure in place to cope with disabled travellers," explains Hofstetter, a wheelchair user.
Often there is a gap of about 30cm between trains and platforms and the gradients of the ramps leading to the trains can be impossibly steep for manual wheelchair users.
The wheelchair users currently have to call the station at least an hour before their journey so a staff member can be assigned to help them up to the platforms and on and off the trains. This process makes travelling very frustrating, says Hofstetter, as "we can't be independent and free like everyone else."
The problem is compounded by a staff shortage. "There are still not enough railway staff in stations to help blind and disabled travellers get on and off the trains," says Fritz Pfister, who is blind and from the Swiss Association for the Blind and Partially sighted.
"We are doing as much as we can and working with disabled groups to make changes," says Jean-Phillipe Schmidt, a spokesman for the Federal Railways.
Remodelling for Expo.02
The federal railways are remodelling the stations which will serve Expo.02 - Yverdon, Murten, Neuchatel and Biel - to upgrade the facilities for disabled travellers.
It has also introduced a plan to provide "mobility staff" to accompany disabled travellers throughout their journeys, providing a "very personal service", says Hofstetter.
This is a vast improvement from previous years, when staffing levels where reduced so drastically that trains would depart with wheelchairs aboard, but leaving their owners struggling on the platform.
Financial considerations do have an impact on the pace of change, Schmidt says. "It's impossible to do everything at once - we cannot afford to do that, the cost is too great."
Hofstetter and others who represent the disabled don't find this a very convincing argument. The improvements would also benefit the elderly and mothers with children, they said - groups that represent a large segment of the population.
The absence of legislation forcing transport companies to design their facilities with disabled travellers in mind means that they have to campaign tirelessly for even minor improvements, according to representatives for the disabled.
"At the moment there is no federal law in place which gives us the legal right to demand changes to be made public facilities, so changes are very slow to come about," says Hofstetter, adding that cantonal laws also vary from one canton to the next.
By Vanessa Mock
Swiss association for disabled people and public transport
Public Transport Association (in German and French)
Swiss Federal Railways
Swiss Federation of the Blind and Visually Impaired


text:
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using NUnit.Framework;

namespace DtronixMessageQueue.Tests.Mq
{
    [TestFixture]
    public class MqFrameBuilderTests
    {
        private MqFrame _emptyLastFrame;
        private MqFrame _emptyFrame;
        private MqFrame _lastFrame;
        private MqFrame _moreFrame;
        private MqFrameBuilder _frameBuilder;
        private MqConfig _config = new MqConfig();
        private MqFrame _commandFrame;
        private MqFrame _pingFrame;

        public MqFrameBuilderTests()
        {

        }

        [SetUp]
        public void Init()
        {
            _frameBuilder = new MqFrameBuilder(_config);
            _emptyLastFrame = new MqFrame(null, MqFrameType.EmptyLast, _config);
            _emptyFrame = new MqFrame(null, MqFrameType.Empty, _config);
            _lastFrame = new MqFrame(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 }, MqFrameType.Last, _config);
            _moreFrame = new MqFrame(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 }, MqFrameType.More, _config);
            _commandFrame = new MqFrame(new byte[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 }, MqFrameType.Command, _config);
            _pingFrame = new MqFrame(null, MqFrameType.Ping, _config);
        }

        [Test]
        public void FrameBuilder_parses_empty_frame()
        {
            _frameBuilder.Write(_emptyFrame.RawFrame());
            var parsedFrame = _frameBuilder.Frames.Dequeue();

            Utilities.CompareFrame(_emptyFrame, parsedFrame);
        }

        [Test]
        public void FrameBuilder_parses_empty_last_frame()
        {
            _frameBuilder.Write(_emptyLastFrame.RawFrame());
            var parsedFrame = _frameBuilder.Frames.Dequeue();

            Utilities.CompareFrame(_emptyLastFrame, parsedFrame);
        }

        [Test]
        public void FrameBuilder_parses_last_frame()
        {
            _frameBuilder.Write(_lastFrame.RawFrame());
            var parsedFrame = _frameBuilder.Frames.Dequeue();

            Utilities.CompareFrame(_lastFrame, parsedFrame);
        }

        [Test]
        public void FrameBuilder_parses_more_frame()
        {
            _frameBuilder.Write(_moreFrame.RawFrame());
            var parsedFrame = _frameBuilder.Frames.Dequeue();

            Utilities.CompareFrame(_moreFrame, parsedFrame);
        }

        [Test]
        public void FrameBuilder_parses_command_frame()
        {
            _frameBuilder.Write(_commandFrame.RawFrame());
            var parsedFrame = _frameBuilder.Frames.Dequeue();

            Utilities.CompareFrame(_commandFrame, parsedFrame);
        }

        [Test]
        public void FrameBuilder_parses_ping_frame()
        {
            _frameBuilder.Write(_pingFrame.RawFrame());
            var parsedFrame = _frameBuilder.Frames.Dequeue();

            Utilities.CompareFrame(_pingFrame, parsedFrame);
        }

        [Test]
        public void FrameBuilder_parses_multiple_frames()
        {
            _frameBuilder.Write(_moreFrame.RawFrame());
            _frameBuilder.Write(_moreFrame.RawFrame());

            while (_frameBuilder.Frames.Count > 0)
            {
                var parsedFrame = _frameBuilder.Frames.Dequeue();
                Utilities.CompareFrame(_moreFrame, parsedFrame);
            }
        }

        [Test]
        public void FrameBuilder_parses_frames_in_parts()
        {
            var frameBytes = _lastFrame.RawFrame();

            for (int i = 0; i < frameBytes.Length; i++)
            {
                _frameBuilder.Write(new[] {frameBytes[i]});
            }

            var parsedFrame = _frameBuilder.Frames.Dequeue();
            Utilities.CompareFrame(_lastFrame, parsedFrame);
        }

        [Test]
        public void FrameBuilder_throws_passed_buffer_too_large()
        {
            Assert.Throws<InvalidDataException>(
                () => { _frameBuilder.Write(new byte[_config.FrameBufferSize + 1]); });
        }

        [Test]
        public void FrameBuilder_throws_frame_zero_length()
        {
            Assert.Throws<InvalidDataException>(() => { _frameBuilder.Write(new byte[] {2, 0, 0, 1}); });
        }

        [Test]
        public void FrameBuilder_throws_frame_specified_length_too_large()
        {
            Assert.Throws<InvalidDataException>(() => { _frameBuilder.Write(new byte[] {2, 255, 255, 1}); });
        }

        [Test]
        public void FrameBuilder_throws_frame_type_out_of_range()
        {
            var maxTypeEnum = Enum.GetValues(typeof(MqFrameType)).Cast<byte>().Max() + 1;

            Assert.Throws<InvalidDataException>(() => { _frameBuilder.Write(new byte[] {(byte) maxTypeEnum}); });
        }

        [Test]
        public void FrameBuilder_parsed_frame_data()
        {
            _frameBuilder.Write(new byte[] {2, 10, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0});
            var parsedFrame = _frameBuilder.Frames.Dequeue();

            Assert.AreEqual(new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0}, parsedFrame.Buffer);
        }

    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Heeren History, Family Crest & Coats of Arms
The name Heeren thought to be of Norman heritage. It is a name for a person who was a person who was long legged or of tall stature. The name Heeren is derived from the Old English word heiroun, which meant heron.
Alternatively, the name originated in Heron, near Rouen in Normandy and some of the family arrived with William the Conqueror. "Tihel de Herioun was of Essex, 1086. [1] Odenel Heron, temp. William Rufus (third son of William the Conqueror), witnessed a charter in Durham. " [2]
Early Origins of the Heeren family
The surname Heeren was first found in Northumberland at Thornton, a township, in the parish of Norham, union of Berwick-upon-Tweed. "This place was the manor and residence of a family named Heron." [3]
"Sir John Hairun entered England with the Conqueror, and was possessed of Ford Castle, and a very good estate. There is a commune in the arrondissement of Rouen called Le Heron, but it does not appear whether this was the cradle of the race." [4]
And in the parish of Ford, Northumberland, another early family record was found. " On the western side of the village is Ford Castle, erected in 1287 by Sir William Heron, and rebuilt by the late Lord Delaval; two towers, the remains of the former castle, are retained in the present structure. The castle was demolished by the Scots in 1385." [3]
Further to the north in Scotland, "the old family of Heron in the Stewertry claim descent from the Herons of Chipchase who appear in Northumberland in the eleventh century. " [5]
The Yorkshire Poll Tax Rolls of 1379 include: Ricardus Herun; Emma Herun; and Agnes Herun. [6]
We did find this interesting anecdote: "Sir William Heron, Sheriff of Northumberland 17 Hen. VIII., was the father of the beautiful Elizabeth, who detained James IV. at Ford, so as to give the Earl of Surrey time and opportunity for advancing towards the Borders with a large army: From its strong position, commanding the bridge over the river Till, the castle had been a constant bone of contention between the English and Scots; and was entirely demolished by the latter in 1385 : but its most memorable capture was by King James in 1513, for it thus became for ever associated with 'the tale of Flodden, that is written in blood on every Scottish heart.'" [2]
Early History of the Heeren family
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Heeren research. Another 261 words (19 lines of text) covering the years 1150, 1178, 1292, 1321, 1330, 1329, 1526, 1505, 1607, 1680, 1734, 1688, 1565, 1585, 1565, 1795, 1865 and are included under the topic Early Heeren History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Heeren Spelling Variations
Anglo-Norman names are characterized by a multitude of spelling variations. When the Normans became the ruling people of England in the 11th century, they introduced a new language into a society where the main languages of Old and later Middle English had no definite spelling rules. These languages were more often spoken than written, so they blended freely with one another. Contributing to this mixing of tongues was the fact that medieval scribes spelled words according to sound, ensuring that a person's name would appear differently in nearly every document in which it was recorded. The name has been spelled Herron, Heron and others.
Early Notables of the Heeren family (pre 1700)
Another 45 words (3 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Heeren Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Migration of the Heeren family to Ireland
Some of the Heeren family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt.
Heeren migration to the United States +
For many English families, the political and religious disarray that plagued their homeland made the frontiers of the New World an attractive prospect. Thousands migrated, aboard cramped disease-ridden ships. They arrived sick, poor, and hungry, but were welcomed in many cases with far greater opportunity than at home in England. Many of these hardy settlers went on to make important contributions to the emerging nations in which they landed. Among early immigrants bearing the name Heeren or a variant listed above were:
Heeren Settlers in United States in the 19th Century
Ariane J Heeren, aged 17, who landed in New York, NY in 1855 [7]
Berend Janssen Heeren, aged 15, who arrived in New York, NY in 1855 [7]
Enne Janssen Heeren, aged 12, who landed in New York, NY in 1855 [7]
Harm Heeren, aged 4, who arrived in New York, NY in 1855 [7]
Heinrich Heeren, aged 2, who landed in New York, NY in 1855 [7]
Contemporary Notables of the name Heeren (post 1700) +
W. E. Heeren, American politician, Member of South Dakota State House of Representatives 5th District, 1897-98 [8]
Ronald Lee Heeren, American Libertarian politician, Candidate for Presidential Elector for Michigan, 1984; Candidate for Michigan State House of Representatives 73rd District, 2012 [8]
The Heeren Motto +
Motto: Nil desperandum
Motto Translation: Never despairing.
^ Cleveland, Dutchess of The Battle Abbey Roll with some Account of the Norman Lineages. London: John Murray, Abermarle Street, 1889. Print. Volume 2 of 3
^ Black, George F., The Surnames of Scotland Their Origin, Meaning and History. New York: New York Public Library, 1946. Print. (ISBN 0-87104-172-3)
^ The Political Graveyard: Alphabetical Name Index. (Retrieved 2015, November 12) . Retrieved from http://politicalgraveyard.com/alpha/index.html
Heeren (English)


Cairo – Mubasher: Cairo Investment and Real Estate Development has set an indicative price ranging between EGP 5.45 and EGP 6.3 per share to its stake offered for sale on the Egyptian Exchange (EGX).
The value of shares ranges between EGP 3 billion and EGP 3.45 billion prior to the initial public offering (IPO), the company said in a statement on Monday.
On Sunday, the Financial Regulatory Authority (FRA) approved to publish the offering bulletin for Cairo Investment to sell a 37.84% stake of the company's capital.
In August, Cairo investment announced it was intending to float a 37.84% stake, or up to 207.2 million shares, on the EGX.


text:
About GPF
Support GPF
GPF Partners
Annual Reports and Statutes (GPF Europe)
Contact and Disclaimer
Publications in German
Tables and Charts
General Information on Internships
US-Korean Food Fight
By Christine Ahn *
Whether measured in terms of farmers markets, growing memberships in the Slow Food movement, or supermarkets like Wal-Mart selling locally grown produce, the eat-local phenomenon is exploding across the United States. Americans are increasingly concerned with what they put in their bodies and where their food comes from. They can point to good reasons: the obesity epidemic, food contamination, mad cow disease and avian influenza, the survival of small farmers, oil shortages and the massive amounts of energy used to ship food around the planet.
But as this healthy trend spreads across America's heartland, the U.S. government is working to deny South Koreans the right to local food and to undermine their domestic food safety laws through the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (FTA). On June 30, 2007, one day before President Bush's "fast-track authority" expired, U.S. and South Korean negotiators signed the FTA. It now awaits ratification by Congress through an up-or down vote without amendment. So far, the Democratic leadership has said that the FTA is "dead in the water," but on the unenlightened grounds that the FTA did not go far enough in prying open South Korea's auto and beef markets.
If enacted, the FTA will become the most economically significant trade deal since the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Financial transactions between the two countries surpass $74 billion annually. The United States also intends to use it as a model to expand trade liberalization throughout Asia. Like NAFTA, the FTA will forever change Korea's agricultural economy.
The Fate of Korean Farms
"In 1990, South Korea had 10 million farmers. Today, there are 3.5 million," said Sin Moon Hee of the Korean Women Peasants' Alliance. "This is what unfettered trade has done to us and to the Korean countryside."
In 2006, the United States exported $3.4 billion worth of agricultural, fish, and forest products to South Korea, the sixth largest U.S. export market. U.S. agribusinesses are salivating at the opportunity to reach South Korea's 49 million consumers and the $12 billion agricultural market through the FTA.
Pro-business interests argue that the FTA will make South Korean farmers more competitive, especially in cultivating rice, Korea's most economically and culturally significant crop. But Korean farmers have already undergone severe competition through market-opening reforms over the last two decades. The costs? Over 6.5 million farmers have been displaced and many traditional Korean crops, such as barley, wheat, corn, fruits, and cotton have virtually faded from the Korean countryside.
Korean peasants, so militant on the frontlines against the FTA, view the agreement as the final straw in a string of domestic and international policies systematically designed for their demise. During the 1960s and 1970s, South Korean peasants essentially subsidized the country's export-led industrial development. Then-dictator Park Chung-Hee intentionally depressed agricultural prices in order to acquire a steady flow of cheap labor to work in export factories. But this export-industrialization policy, which drove millions of farmers off the land, was mitigated by South Korean trade policies that limited imports with high tariffs and quotas. Farmers' incomes diverged considerably from those of urban workers in 1995 when the South Korean government joined the WTO and signed on to the Agreement on Agriculture (AOA).
Under the veil of making agriculture more competitive, the AOA forced developing countries to eliminate quotas and forced governments to import a minimum amount of agricultural commodities at a low tariff. While developing countries were shredding the safety net for their farmers, by the early 2000s, the United States and European Union (EU) were spending $9-10 billion more on subsidies than they spent a decade earlier, with the bulk of subsidies going to larger, corporate farms. Small-scale farmers in the South were surviving off less than $400 a year, while U.S. and EU farmers received on average $16,000 to $21,000 a year in subsidies. In 2003, the United States dumped on the global market five commodities at 10 to 47 percent below the cost of production.
Korean farmers get a fraction of what U.S. farms receive, but there is no comparison when it comes to scale. In the United States, the average rice farm is 397 acres, compared with South Korea's average rice farm of 3.5 acres. Approximately 8,000 of America's two million farms grow rice, compared with South Korea where over 787,000 farms -- or 57 percent -- cultivate rice. From 1995 to 2005, the U.S. rice industry received over $10.5 billion in government subsidies, of which 25% went to the top 1%.
"It doesn't even matter that rice wasn't included in the text of the agreement," said Young-Koo Heo, Vice President of the Korean Confederation of Trade Unions. "By 2014, Korea's rice market will be opened," said Heo, referring to the AOA, "And that is the reason why rice does not have to be included in these negotiations."
Going the Way of NAFTA
According to Korea's National Policy Institute, when tariffs on 20 or more sensitive agricultural products are eliminated, within 10 to 15 years, the decline in production by Korean farms means the loss of $1 to $2 billion annually. Korea's agriculture could disappear in 10 to 15 years.
For example, tangerines account for up to 70 percent of Jeju Island's agricultural production. It is estimated that opening South Korea's citrus market to powerful U.S. companies like Dole and Sunkist will force a 59% drop in the price of tangerines and result in the loss to Korean farmers of over $200 million. Seeing how the FTA will seal their fate, during the fourth round of FTA negotiations on Jeju Island, thousands of peasant farmers swam 50 miles off the southern coast to confront more than 10,000 Korean riot police to make clear that they weren't going down without a fight.
President Roh has promised to set aside $119 billion to aid farmers hurt by the FTA, but according to Cheehyung Kim of the Korean Alliance Against the FTA, this "is the 10-year sum of what the government already spends annually, and only a small portion of that amount translates into actual income." Current subsidies haven't offset the negative impacts of liberalizing Korean agriculture, so peasant farmers are highly skeptical of this promised arrangement.
Korean farmers may have felt the weight of the WTO, but they can see from Mexico's experience what a bilateral trade agreement with the United States will mean. Under NAFTA, approximately1.5 million Mexican farmers were forced to give up farming because they were unable to meet the price of corn produced by massively subsidized U.S. agribusinesses. "Before NAFTA, our lives were not easy," said Norberto Jimenez, once a subsistence farmer in Oaxaca, Mexico and now a farmworker in Florida, "but we had enough food for ourselves and our families." Jimenez, like millions of Mexican farmers and peasants, were forced to migrate to other cities to find work in factories or risk their lives crossing the border for low-wage work.
Small-scale family farmers in the United States also took a hit from NAFTA and other trade liberalization policies. From 1997 to 2002, over 90,000 farms with under 2,000 acres disappeared in the United States. "Someone is benefiting from NAFTA and the FTAs," said Bill Christensen, a fourth-generation family farmer from Missouri, "but not family farmers." In the first year of NAFTA, Christensen says the profits of agribusiness giants Archer Daniels Midland skyrocketed from $110 to $300 million, and Cargill from $468 to $827 million. NAFTA advocates promised American consumers lower food costs, but since NAFTA, the price of food has jumped by 27 percent and money paid to farmers per dollar dropped from $0.32 to $0.19. What's kept our food costs relatively low then? "Immigrants," says Christensen. "They are the ones growing our food."
Dismantling Korea's Food Safety Laws
Not only will the FTA force the extinction of Korean farmers, it is working to undermine, and already has, South Korea's domestic food safety laws. As a precondition to even begin talks, South Korea agreed to re-import U.S. beef, which it banned since 2003 after the discovery of mad cow disease in the United States. U.S. boneless beef and from cattle under 30 months -- considered a lower risk of containing bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) -- can now enter South Korea.
But since the ban was lifted last December U.S. beef shipments have been routinely returned because they contained bone fragments. Last month, South Korea received a shipment from the United States of a complete cattle spine, which has prompted South Korea to halt beef imports pending an explanation from the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
In response Max Baucus (D-MT), chair of the Senate Finance Committee, is threatening to block passage of the FTA unless South Korea changes its domestic food safety laws. To South Koreans, U.S. beef is not just a matter of trade. It has become the measuring stick of public health and food safety in Korea.
U.S. biotech companies, running out of places to export agricultural products containing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) due to worldwide opposition, have turned to the FTA as a way to undermine the Cartagena Protocol of the Convention on Biological Diversity, a multilateral treaty that imposes labeling rules on agricultural and food exports. According to media reports, the United States and South Korea allegedly signed a Memorandum of Understanding that stipulates that when Korea ratifies the Cartagena Protocol, it will not apply the labeling rules to agricultural and food imports from the United States, which is not a party to the treaty.
Even an April 17 press release from the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) refers to a "separate understanding" on agricultural biotechnology. The United States and Canada, also not a signatory, put this waiver into place with Mexico under NAFTA. According to the Korean Alliance Against the Korus FTA, the side deal will drastically weaken South Korea's legislative authority to implement the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety.
FTA's Future
In 20 years, will Korean meals consist of rice from Arkansas, beef from Montana, and fruit from California? If global food trends are any indication, this scenario has a high probability of coming true. But the costs will be enormous, not just for Korea's diminishing agricultural biodiversity, but the peoples' general sense of security, as they will be beholden to U.S-dominated agribusinesses for food imports.
Millions of Korean farmers -- most of them in the 60s -- will either die in poverty or seek work in an already saturated urban job market. More than 50 percent of South Korea's workforce are "irregular" workers, meaning they don't have the same rights as workers with benefits, including the right to unionize. "The fight against the FTA is a class struggle, and who wins in this fight will determine the outcome," says Jun-Sub Seo of the Korean Alliance,
President Roh is seeking ratification of the FTA before the end of his term this year. In the United States, the Korea FTA may come up for a vote in Congress this year, but it all depends on how the Peru and Panama FTAs fare. So far, presidential candidates Hillary Clinton and John Edwards have come out against the Korea FTA, siding with the auto bloc led by Sander Levin (D-MI). But the alliance of agribusinesses, biotech firms, pharmaceutical giants, and financial services firms might be too powerful in the end.
It may all come down to the resistance of Korean peasants and trade unionists against the WTO and now the FTA. Whether leading the procession of thousands to tear down the metal barricades in Cancun or swimming across freezing waters at the WTO meeting in Hong Kong, South Koreans have been at the forefront of dismantling the perception that these global trade institutions are beyond the peoples' reach.
Locavores in the United States can and must help. In an act of global solidarity and recognizing our interdependence, the local food movement in the United States should demand a moratorium on "free trade" agreements to save the world's farmers and our right to have locally grown food free of corporate control.
About the Author: Christine Ahn is a policy analyst with the Korea Policy Institute and a contributor to Foreign Policy In Focus.
More Information on Social and Economic Policy
More Information on International Trade Agreements
More Information on Agricultural Subsidies
More Information on Hunger and the Globalized System of Trade and Food Production
Corporate Influence
Social and Economic Policy
UN Finance
World Food & Hunger
The Dark Side of Natural Resources
Global Taxes
Humanitarian Intervention?
Private Military and Security Companies
Archived Sections
Iraq Conflict
NGO Working Group on UN-NGO Relations
Nations & States
NGO Working Group on Food & Hunger
More from GPF
FAIR USE NOTICE: This page contains copyrighted material the use of which has not been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. Global Policy Forum distributes this material without profit to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for research and educational purposes. We believe this constitutes a fair use of any such copyrighted material as provided for in 17 U.S.C § 107. If you wish to use copyrighted material from this site for purposes of your own that go beyond fair use, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner.
Global Policy Forum205 E 42nd St. | 20th Floor | New York, NY 10017 | USAgpf[ät]globalpolicy.org
Copyright © 2005 - 2019 Global Policy Forum. Designed by JoomlArt.com