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San Diego Regional Chapter
Second Kenji Ishihara Colloquium Series on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering Presentations
Ishihara Short Course Presentations
San Diego-Tijuana Earthquake Scenario
Earth Science (Working Group 1)
Engineering (Working Group 2)
Social Sciences (Working Group 3)
January 2015 Workshop
About Scenarios
Speaker Information: 2nd Kenji Ishihara Colloquium Series on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering
"Seismic Lateral Displacements"
Speakers and Abstracts
Professor T. Leslie Youd
Professor Emeritus, Brigham Young University
Factors Controlling Lateral Spread
Presentation Overview: In June 2018, Dr. Youd published a paper entitled, "Application of MLR procedure for prediction of liquefaction-induced lateral spread displacement" (Youd, T.L., 2018, "Application of MLR procedure for prediction of liquefaction-induced lateral spread displacement." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, v144, no. 6). This presentation adds to discussions introduced in that paper. The MLR procedure was developed by him and his students about 20 years ago and has been widely applied in engineering practice, including many of his consulting projects. Seven statistically significant parameters are incorporated in the MLR model. Those parameters along with viable ranges of values developed from case-history data, are: MW (6.4 to 8.0); R (horizontal distance from site to seismic source zone) (0.5km to 60km); W (free-face ratio) (0% to20%); S (ground slope) (0% to 6%), T15 (thickness of liquefiable layer with (N1)60 < 15)) (1 m to 16 m); F15 (average fines content within T15 layer) (0% to50%); D5015 (average mean grain size within T15 layer) (0.074 mm to 10 mm). Application of the MLR procedure with parametric applied values within these ranges yields predicted displacements within a factor of 2 of measured lateral spread displacements. This degree of accuracy is acceptable for most engineering applications and is as good as can be expected from analyses of observed field. Extrapolation to parametric values beyond these ranges adds uncertainty to predicted displacements. Some issues Dr. Youd will discuss include influence of fines content on displacement, use of CPT as well as SPT to define MLR parameters, influence of sediment type and age on susceptibility to lateral spread susceptibility.
BES Civil Engineering, 1964, Brigham Young University
Ph.D. Civil Engineering, 1967, Iowa State University
Post Doctoral Study, 1975-1976, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London
Honors:
Member of the National Academy of Engineering (2005)
Distinguished Member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (2006)
Honorary Member of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (2009)
H. Bolton Seed Medal, ASCE (2002)
ISU Professional Achievement Citation in Engineering (PACE) award (2011)
From 1967 to 1984, Dr. Youd was a Research Civil Engineer with U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California where he conducted studies in earthquake engineering with emphasis on liquefaction and ground failure. In 1984, Dr. Youd joined the Civil and Environmental Engineering faculty at Brigham Young University where he taught courses in geotechnical and earthquake engineering and continued his research on liquefaction and ground failure.
Dr. Youd has conducted post earthquake reconnaissance investigations following 20 major earthquakes on 5 continents. He led US Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) reconnaissance teams and edited reconnaissance reports following the 1993 Hokkaido, Japan and 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey earthquakes. He has performed subsurface investigations at many sites affected by liquefaction and has instrumented several sites likely to liquefy during future earthquakes.
He has developed widely used procedures for mapping liquefaction hazard, evaluating liquefaction resistance and estimating lateral spread displacement potential. Dr. Youd has authored or coauthored more than 170 papers published in the geotechnical literature.
Dr. Youd retired from BYU on December 31, 2003, but continues:
Research and writing on liquefaction
Expert consultant on projects involving liquefaction hazard
Professional activities including serving on committees and providing peer reviews for papers and research proposals
Dr. Youd lives in Orem, Utah. He and his wife, Denice, are parents of five children, grandparents of 17 and great grandparents of 4.
Jonathan D. Bray, Ph.D., P.E., NAE
Faculty Chair, Earthquake Engineering Excellence, University of California, Berkeley
Seismic Slope Displacement Procedure for Shallow Crustal Earthquakes
Abstract: A new seismic slope displacement procedure is developed, which estimates shear-induced displacement for earth structures or natural slopes due to shallow crustal earthquakes along active plate margins. The proposed procedure utilizes 6711 two-component horizontal ground motion recordings from the updated NGA-West2 database to better capture this key source of uncertainty in assessing seismic performance. The fully coupled, nonlinear seismic slope displacement model captures the important influence of the system's yield coefficient ky, its initial fundamental period Ts, the ground motion's spectral acceleration at a degraded period of the slope taken as 1.3Ts, earthquake magnitude as a proxy for duration, and PGV and fault-normal effects for near-fault pulse motions. The procedure provides seismic slope displacement estimates consistent with observations from field case histories. A procedure for selecting the seismic coefficient used in pseudostatic slope stability analyses, which is consistent with an allowable seismic displacement threshold, is also presented. These procedures can be implemented rigorously within a probabilistic framework or used deterministically to evaluate the shear-induced component of seismic slope displacement.
Bio: Jonathan Bray, Ph.D., P.E., NAE is the Faculty Chair in Earthquake Engineering Excellence at the University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Bray is a registered professional civil engineer and has served as a consultant on important engineering projects and peer review panels. He has authored more than 350 research publications on topics that include liquefaction and its effects on structures, seismic performance of earth structures, earthquake ground motions, and earthquake fault rupture propagation. He created and led the Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) Association. Dr. Bray is a member of the US National Academy of Engineering and has received several honors, including the Terzaghi Award, Ishihara Lecture, Peck Award, Joyner Lecture, Middlebrooks Award, Huber Research Prize, Packard Foundation Fellowship, and NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award.
Lawrence Burkett
Senior Structural Designer, Maffei Structural Engineering
Soil and foundation modeling in structural engineering practice
Abstract: From the perspective of structural engineering practice, this presentation will discuss key issues in modeling soil flexibility and soil structure interaction. Using examples from actual building designs, Lawrence will address:
Representation in structural analysis of vertical and lateral soil flexibility, the circumstances in which such flexibility should be modeled, and the consequences of including the soil flexibility
Site response analysis using linear and nonlinear methods, including explicit finite element modeling of the soil
Examples will include the new San Francisco International Airport air traffic control tower and the design of concrete core wall buildings. The presentation will also focus on how to interpret results and incorporate them into the design process.
Bio: Lawrence Burkett has 14 years of experience in the seismic design, evaluation, and retrofitting of steel and concrete structures, with expertise in performance-based and advanced methods. Lawrence has applied his expertise to the design and peer review of new tall buildings on the west coast, including the lead role in the 45% design of the new control tower at San Francisco International Airport. He has authored several technical publications including the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) seismic evaluation and retrofit design example for unreinforced masonry buildings published in FEMA P-2006. Lawrence was a winner of the 2010 PEER/NEES Concrete Column Blind Prediction Contest, for the most accurate structural analysis predicting the failure characteristics of a full-scale concrete structure tested on the UCSD shake table.
Ahmed Elgamal
Professor, Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego
Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading: Ground Deformation and Effects on Embedded Foundations
Abstract: Insights gained from experimental observations will be presented. Recorded data sets from a series of experiments are analyzed collectively to document and track the evolution of lateral loading on deployed pile foundations. Ground and pile lateral displacement as well as excess pore pressure are discussed. It is observed that some of the highest pile lateral loads occur at the initial stages of lateral deformation, as the excess pore pressures approach the level of liquefaction. Thereafter, lateral load might decrease with further shear strength reduction and deformation in the liquefied stratum. For such scenarios, lateral ground deformation that continues to accumulate due to the shaking process may not always result in significantly larger loads on the embedded pile foundation.
Bio: Ahmed Elgamal is a Professor of Geotechnical Engineering at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD). Currently, he is serving as the School of Engineering Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs. Earlier, he chaired the Department of Structural Engineering (2003-2007). He received his Ph.D. in 1985 from Princeton University. In 1997, he joined UCSD after a post-doctoral appointment at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech), and faculty positions at RPI and Columbia University in New York.
His areas of research interest include liquefaction and effects on the built environment, large-scale soil-structure experimental and computational simulation, sustainability in Geomechanics, Information Technology (IT) applications, and system-identification procedures. He is author and co-author of over 300 technical publications. Over the years, he has consulted and provided professional services in the general areas of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering for a number of national and international organizations. During 2010-2019, he served as Editor-in-Chief, Journal Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering.
W.D. Liam Finn
Professor Emeritus, University of British Columbia
Estimating Lateral Spreading in a Probabilistic Ground Motion Environment
Abstract: Broadly speaking there are two approaches in common use for estimating the extent of lateral spreading in liquefiable ground during earthquakes. The first approach is exemplified by Youd et al (2002). They assembled an extensive database of lateral spreading observations and based on this they developed regression equations for the prediction of the extent of lateral spreading based on geotechnical profile data and the magnitude and distance of the triggering event. The second approach is based on cyclic shear strains developed in laboratory test specimens having a range of factors of safety against liquefaction. The lateral displacements in the field are calculated from the shear strains. Idriss and Boulanger (2008) give very lucid descriptions of the various strain based approaches. Both approaches have one thing in common, they are both deterministic and need adjustments in application, when used with probabilistic seismic ground motions. This paper shows two ways of making these adjustments, based the deaggregation method introduced by Finn and Wightman (2007) for assessing liquefaction potential in a probabilistic environment.
Bio: Click here for Dr. Finn's bio.
Kevin W. Franke, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE
Associate Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brigham Young University
Probabilistic Lateral Spread Hazard Analysis: A Performance-Based Approach to Predicting Lateral Spread Displacements
Abstract: Engineers commonly use empirical or semi-empirical lateral spread displacement prediction models in geotechnical design. However, confusion can occur when multiple potential seismic sources exist and/or the likelihood of various displacements occurring at the site of interest is desired. Franke and Kramer (2014) presented a performance-based assessment method for lateral spread that considers multiple potential seismic sources in a probabilistic framework to generate a lateral spread displacement hazard curve. This method is powerful, but requires a significant volume of probabilistic calculations that can be difficult for engineering practitioners to apply on routine projects. Ekstrom and Franke (2016) later presented a simplified, map-based approximation of the performance-based lateral spread method that is readily applicable on even the most routine of projects. This presentation will review and summarize these performance-based methods for predicting lateral spread displacements and their associated likelihood. The presentation will also demonstrate how these methods can be used to identify locations requiring additional site characterization in projects involving long linear infrastructure such as a pipeline (Franke et al. 2017).
Bio: Kevin W. Franke is an Associate Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Brigham Young University. Kevin received his BSCE from Utah State University in 2004, his MSCE from University of Washington in 2005, and his Ph.D. from Brigham Young University in 2011. Kevin's principal research focus relates to geotechnical/earthquake engineering. Kevin and his students are currently developing performance-based (i.e., probabilistic) methods for dealing with soil liquefaction and its associated hazards. Additionally, Kevin is an investigator in the Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (C-UAS), which is currently the only NSF-sponsored research center for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Kevin's research focus in the Center deals with new and improved applications of small (UAVs) in monitoring infrastructure and performing post-disaster reconnaissance.
Prior to his current position at BYU, Kevin worked for 6 years as a professional civil engineering consultant for Kleinfelder, Inc. and URS Corporation. Kevin contributed to multiple significant projects throughout the western and central US, including Kennecott Utah Copper tailings impoundment, facilities at Los Alamos National Labs, California High Speed Rail, North Torrey Pines Bridge seismic retrofit, I-15 Corridor Reconstruction in Utah County, Sacramento Area Flood Control Levee Evaluations/Improvements, Levee improvements in New Orleans, Roscoe Wind Farm in Texas, Legacy Parkway in Utah, and multiple schools and hospitals throughout CA, OR, and WA.
Kevin is married to Ruby since 2000, and they have 6 children: Shari (16), Chad (14), Abby (12), Julie (10), Russell (8), and Eve (6). They also have a successful family YouTube channel called "8 Passengers" that currently has more than 2,200,000 subscribers and receives over 900,000 video views per day worldwide.
Professor Christian Ledezma
Associate Professor, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading for large-magnitude subduction earthquakes in areas with short source-to-site distances
Abstract: Prof. Youd's well-known equation for prediction of liquefaction-induced lateral spread displacement relies on key elements of the problem, namely, geometry, soil properties, and ground motion intensity. The latter is based on two parameters (ranges of values from case-history data shown in parenthesis): moment magnitude Mw (6.4 to 8.0) and the horizontal distance from site to seismic source zone R (0.5 km to 60 km). In Chile, the direct application of this equation to large-magnitude subduction earthquakes is difficult not only because of the lack of data for earthquakes with Mw > 8.0 but, more importantly, because there are sites, such as those located in Chile, for which R is zero. If these values are directly used in the equation, the results tend to be unrealistically large when compared against field observations, even with the incorporation of the R* and R0 terms from Youd et al. (2002). In this talk, some preliminary recommendations are presented for discussion with respect to the complexity of the rupture process in such large-magnitude subduction events, and the closeness of sites located right above the rupture surface.
Bio: Christian Ledezma is an Associate Professor at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC). He has a BS and an MS degree from that same university, and an MS and a Ph.D. degree from the University of California, Berkeley. He is currently the vice-president of ACHISINA, Chile's Association of Earthquake Engineering, and an active member in the discussion and elaboration of Chilean seismic codes. At PUC, he teaches courses in geotechnical earthquake engineering and deep foundations. He currently serves PUC as an elected member of the School of Engineering Council. Dr. Ledezma has conducted post-earthquake reconnaissance investigations following the last three major Chilean earthquakes (Maule 2010 Mw8.8, Iquique 2014 Mw8.2, and Illapel 2015 Mw8.4), and the Mw7.1 Puebla 2017 Mexico earthquake.
Professor Manasori Hamada
Professor Emeritus, Waseda University
Strategies for The Enhancement of Earthquake- and Tsunami- Resistance of Industrial Parks in The Water-Front Area
Abstract: Industrial parks in the water-front areas have been repeatedly damaged by strong earthquake motions, high tsunamis, soil liquefaction and its induced ground displacement. Heavy damages to industrial parks by future earthquakes and tsunamis could make huge and serious impacts on the safety of the local societies and the living of the people. Furthermore, the damage might affect the economic activities of the nation, and its effect may expand world.
Therefore, the enhancement of earthquake- and tsunami- resistance of industrial parks has been recognized as one of most critical national issues for the preparedness against future natural disasters in Japan.
The speaker will review the damage by past earthquakes and tsunamis, and introduce an on-going national project by the Japanese government for the resilience- enhancement of industrial parks in the water-front areas around the highly populated ueban areas, such as Tokyo and Osaka.
Bio: Masanori Hamada is recognized as a well-known researcher for the earthquake engineering of critical infrastructures. He had engaged in the earthquake resistant design and the construction of bridges, dams, port and harbor structures, and nuclear power plants at Taisei Corporation (1968~1983) after receiving M. Eng. at University of Tokyo.
As a Professor of Marine Civil Engineering Dept. of Tokai University (1983~1994) as well as Civil and Environmental Engineering Dept. of Waseda University (1994~), he conducted researches on earthquake and tsunami resistant structures, and contributed to development of technologies and strategies for natural disaster mitigation. He also have carried out the investigation into the damage caused by natural disasters in the world, and based on these research results he recommended the strategies and the practices for disaster reduction for the governments and local societies.
As the President of Japan Society of Civil Engineers (2006~2007), of Institute for Social Science Society (1997~1999), and of Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering (2009~2010), he established cooperative and collaborative relationships with experts and researchers in oversea countries in order to reduce the natural disasters in the world, particularly in the Asian Region. Dr. Hamada organized many international research teams for reduction of natural disasters and has promoted those activities.
He chaired the Committee on International Cooperation for Natural Disaster Mitigation as a member of the Science Council of Japan, and issued the recommendations for the international assistances by the Japanese government, the public organizations, universities, and private sectors.
He established a non-profit organization of "Engineers Without Borders, Japan" after the 2004 Sumatra earthquake and tsunami as the president of the organization. He has been supporting the restoration and reconstruction works, and natural disaster educations by dispatching senior engineers and experts to the affected areas in China, Philippines, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Taiwan, and Turkey.
He inaugurated the chairman of the Asian Disaster Reduction Center in 2014, which was established in 1998 by 31 member countries in the Asia according to an United Nations General Assembly Resolution during the International Decade (1990~1999) for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR). He led the ADRC's activities on information sharing on the natural disasters in the world and on the policies for the recovery and reconstruction of the affected areas.
One of the specific topics of his researches in earthquake engineering field is soil liquefaction- induced large ground displacements and its caused damage to lifeline systems. He promoted an internationally joint research on this theme, and developed the design method and construction technologies to protect lifeline facilities, civil engineering structures and buildings against soil liquefaction and large ground displacements.
He authored and co-authored 5 technical books and more than 100 academic papers, and applied the research results to the practice for the mitigation of earthquake and tsunami disasters.
He established the Institute for Disaster Mitigation of Industrial Complex in 2014 and has promoted a national project for the enhancement of earthquake-and tsunami-resistance of industrial parks in water-front areas of Japan.
Juan M. Mayoral
Professor Researcher, Institute of Engineering, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Coupled site, topographic, and soil-structure interaction effects in seismic-induced slope displacements
Abstract: Seismic waves can significantly amplify in firm soil with abrupt geometric changes due to topographic effects. Moreover, nonlinearities associated with soil layering, and geometrical interactions of the incoming waves can lead to changes in frequency content and duration within the slope. This talk presents the results of a numerical study aiming at establishing the impact of site, topographical, and soil structure interaction effects in seismic-induced lateral slope displacements on cemented silty sands. The effect of a 12-story building placed on top of the hill is also considered in the case study. Both subduction and normal earthquakes were considered in the analyses. The performance of the building-hill system was evaluated for this event, using finite difference models developed with the program FLAC3D. From the numerical study, the seismic response of the slope was evaluated, accounting for the site and topographical effects, as well as the seismic building-foundation-hill interaction in the distribution of factors of safety (i.e. capacity over demand), and ground deformations (i.e. lateral and vertical displacements) during the event. To establish the accuracy of the numerical model, the damage predicted by the numerical simulation in the building and the hill slope during the 2017 was compared with the post-earthquake reconnaissance observations. To study the effects of the frequency content, seismic intensity, and duration in the distribution of factor of safety and slope deformation patterns, the building-hill seismic response was further studied for subduction and normal events, considering target uniform hazard spectra with a return period of 250 years. From the results gathered in here, a clear dependency of the expected damage (i.e. lateral displacements) on the hill slope as a function of the seismogenic zone (i.e. subduction or normal) was observed.
Bio: Civil and Geotechnical Earthquake Engineer with 26 years of experience in geotechnical engineering and earthquake engineering projects, related to strategic infrastructure design, numerical modelling of geo-materials, earthquake engineering, seismology, and instrumentation. His experience ranges from conventional geotechnical engineering projects to highly specialized analyses of seismic soil-structure interaction and other earthquake engineering problems conducted for high-profile projects across the world. Dr. Mayoral has participated on geotechnical studies, foundation design, soil exploration and laboratory testing, and performed geotechnical field work supervision for high-end research projects. In addition, he has performed dynamic response analyses of earth dams, natural soil deposits, and manmade fills, including liquefaction risk assessment. In the area of seismic soil-structure interaction, Dr. Mayoral has analyzed foundation systems of LNG tanks, buildings, bridges, tunnels, tunnel shafts, underground structures, earth, tailing, and hardfill-dams, urban overpasses, metro lines, harbours, airport facilities, including runways, control towers and terminals, among others. In the area of structural engineering, he has conducted structural analysis of radial gates for gravity dams, intake towers, and concrete dams. In the area of seismology, he has been involved in seismic hazard assessments studies, and in particular the seismic microzonation of the Texcoco lake area. Recently, Dr. Mayoral participated as one of the leaders of the GEER-UNAM Reconnaissance team of the 19 September 2017 Mw7.1 Puebla-Mexico City Earthquake. He currently works as a researcher at the Institute of Engineering, UNAM, and as external consultant for several private companies. He has authored and co-authored more than (200) publications in scientific journals, conference proceedings, books and technical reports.
John S. McCartney, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASCE
Professor and Department Chair, Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego
Limiting Values on Seismic Compression of Unsaturated Soils
Abstract: This presentation will focus on the seismic compression of unsaturated soil layers during earthquakes. Lessons learned from cyclic simple shear tests on unsaturated sands under both drained and undrained conditions will be summarized. Drained tests permit isolation of the effects of matric suction on the seismic compression, which was found to provide a restraining effect on volume change in the funicular region of the soil-water retention curve. Undrained tests permit evaluation of the combined changes in pore air and pore water pressure for specimens with different initial degrees of saturation, along with the effects of changing effective stress state. The results from the cyclic simple shear tests were extrapolated using different models to understand possible limits on the amount of seismic compression under different drainage conditions, with the goal of developing simplified design tools to estimate worst-case scenarios of seismic compression under different magnitudes of shaking events.
Bio: John S. McCartney is a Professor in the Department of Structural Engineering at the University of California San Diego, specializing in Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. His research interests include unsaturated soil mechanics, geosynthetics engineering, and energy geotechnics. He has received several research awards, including the Walter L. Huber Research Prize from ASCE in 2016, the Arthur Casagrande Professional Development Award from ASCE in 2013, the J. James R. Croes medal from ASCE in 2012, the DFI Young Professor Award in 2012, the NSF Faculty Early Development (CAREER) Award in 2011, and the IGS Award and Young IGS Award from the International Geosynthetics Society in 2018 and 2008, respectively. He is currently the president of the North American Chapter of the International Geosynthetics Society (IGS-NA). He is an editor of ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering (JGGE), and is active on the editorial boards of several other geotechnical journals. He received BS and MS degrees in civil engineering from the University of Colorado Boulder in 2003 and a Ph.D. degree in civil engineering from the University of Texas at Austin in 2007.
Gilberto Mosqueda, Ph.D.
Professor, Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego
Response of Seismically Isolated Structures subjected to Beyond Design Basis Shaking
Abstract: Seismic isolation has been proven as an effective strategy to protect critical facilities including Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) from the damaging effects of horizontal earthquake ground shaking. The increased flexibility and resulting elongation of the natural vibration period of the structure leads to significant reductions in acceleration and forces transmitted to the structure above the isolation level at the expense of large lateral displacements in the isolation system. These large lateral displacements need to be accommodated by the isolation bearings while sustaining the weight of the structure above. Further, the isolated structure requires a large horizontal clearance at the basement level that is often limited by a moat wall that can also function as a hard stop for the isolation system. In the case of shaking beyond design basis earthquake, there is a potential for impact of the isolated structure to the moat wall with backfill, or failure of the bearings, that can be a significant safety concern. Through a combination of numerical and experimental studies, the stability of seismic isolation bearings and the effects of moat wall impact on the response of seismically isolated NPPs is evaluated. Experimental research includes hybrid simulation with testing of full scale seismic isolation bearings under combined three-dimensional seismic loads and shake table testing to evaluate pounding forces. The experimental data is being used to develop models able to capture the behavior of nuclear power plants for beyond design basis shaking.
Bio: Gilberto Mosqueda is a professor in the Department Structural Engineering at the University at California, San Diego. He received his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley, M.S from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and B.S. from the University of California, Irvine, all in civil engineering. He received the NSF CAREER award in 2008 and is currently on the editorial board for the journal Earthquake Spectra. The focus of his research is in the area of structural and earthquake engineering, particularly on understanding and improving the seismic performance of structural and nonstructural systems under seismic loads. Recent research has examined the seismic response of structural systems under extreme loads including the collapse of steel structures and limit states in seismic isolation system using hybrid simulation. He has participated in various reconnaissance mission following earthquakes around the world. Most recently he was a co-leader for the team organized by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute to investigate damage from the 2017 Puebla-Morelos Earthquake in Mexico.
Tom O'Rourke
Thomas R. Briggs Professor of Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University
Next Generation Hazard Resilient Infrastructure
Abstract: The resilience of underground infrastructure to large ground deformation depends on the ability of pipelines, cables, and conduits to accommodate the geometric nonlinearities in soil by changing shape through axial elongation/compression, flexure, and rotation at joints. This lecture focuses on the development of the next generation hazard resilient infrastructure through large-scale testing and analytical and numerical modeling. Professor O'Rourke will describe how eight new pipeline and conduit systems have been developed and commercialized using a protocol of large-scale tests and fault rupture experiments that define and confirm performance under extreme conditions of ground deformation. The development and validation of analytical and numerical models for soil-structure interaction will be described. Fault rupture response spectra for seismic resistant (DI) ductile iron pipelines are presented that quantify and compare the performance of DI pipelines with push-on, restrained, and restrained axial slip joints at any orientation of the pipeline relative to the fault rupture plane under strike-slip faulting conditions. Next steps in the development of hazard resilient infrastructure are discussed, which include the incorporation of smart sensor technologies and signal processing.
Bio: Tom O'Rourke is the Thomas R. Briggs Professor of Engineering in the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Cornell University. He is a member of the US National Academy of Engineering, Distinguished Member of ASCE, International Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, Member of the Mexican Academy of Engineering, and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He authored or co-authored over 390 technical publications, and has received numerous awards for his research. His research interests cover geotechnical engineering, earthquake engineering, underground construction technologies, engineering for large, geographically distributed systems, and geographic information technologies and database management.
Robert Pyke, Ph.D., G.E.
Consulting Engineer
Improved Computation of Potential Lateral Spreading Displacements in Earthquakes
Abstract: For some time there has been great emphasis on the use of simplified methods for analyzing various phenomena in earthquake geotechnical engineering. Since these simplified methods were developed using simple parameters to define the soil properties and either limited time histories or broad averages of ground motion parameters, they include large uncertainties and show large scatter in the results.
This presentation outlines and illustrates an improved procedure for calculating earthquake-induced displacements associated with the phenomena of lateral spreading. Lateral spreading is the term that is widely used to describe the phenomenon whereby even a relatively flat slope, or horizontal ground adjacent to an open face, can move laterally because of liquefaction of the underlying soils.
There are two simplified procedures that are currently used in practice. Both are largely empirical procedures that rely on a number of case histories. The Youd, Hansen and Bartlett (2002) procedure uses SPT blowcounts as an indicator of the soils apparent relative density and the Zhang et al. (2004) procedure uses CPT tip resistance for the same purpose. Both show very wide scatter in the observed displacements to the point where one might reasonably question the usefulness of the procedures for forward prediction.
The procedure described in this paper is more complex and demanding of resources, but it is still simplified relative to a full three-dimensional analysis of site response using a soil model that computes permanent strains caused by complex cyclic loadings. The initial applications of the procedure suggest that it yields much more reasonable results and provides much greater insight into the problem than the existing simplified methods.
The procedure requires the use of cyclic simple shear tests to determine the permanent shear strains that develop in representative samples when a cyclic shear stress is applied to a test specimen consolidated with an initial shear stress. Site-specific design acceleration histories are then input to a one-dimensional nonlinear site response analysis which uses a soil model such as that described by Pyke (1979) that allows the development of permanent shear strains, even when the soil element is subjected to a symmetrical cyclic shear stress.
Use of the procedure is illustrated by an example from a large land development project on which it was found that the potential for significant lateral spreading could be controlled by overconsolidation of the natural alluvial material underlying an extensive fill.
Bio: Dr. Pyke was born and raised in Australia and received his bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering from the University of Sydney. He then worked for the Commonwealth Department of Works in Canberra on various water resource projects before attending graduate school at the University of California, Berkeley. At Berkeley, he conducted original research for his Ph.D. under the guidance of the late Professor Harry Seed and formed a close relationship with Professor Seed, with whom he subsequently worked on a number of consulting assignments. Since 1977 Dr. Pyke has worked principally as an individual consultant on special problems in geotechnical and earthquake engineering.
Dr. Pyke's primary academic interest is the study of site response and the behavior of soils under cyclic loadings. He has participated in a number of joint academic-industry research and development projects involving these subjects including the 1993 EPRI study that included the development of standard modulus reduction and damping curves, and the later comparison of nonlinear site response analysis programs led by Professor Jon Stewart of UCLA. His Ph.D. thesis was entitled "Settlement and Liquefaction of Sands Under Multi-Directional Shaking" and contains data that until recently has never been written up in a form that makes it more accessible to practicing engineers. However, that data is now embedded in a new multi-directional, nonlinear, effective stress site response program called TESS2. TESS2 also allows improved computation of potential lateral spreading displacements using an updated version of the HDCP soil model that Dr. Pyke first published in 1979.
Jose I. Restrepo
Modeling and Design Issues in Reinforced Concrete Wall Buildings
Abstract: The collapse of the Alto Rio building during the 2010 Maule earthquake in Chile prompted the need to review the analysis, design and detailing of tall buildings reinforced with reinforced concrete walls. Current methods of design tend to underpredict the lateral displacement and shear force demands in these types of buildings. Such underpredictions were also observed in a test program on reinforced concrete walls which made use of the UC San Diego Large High Performance Outdoor Shaking Tables. This presentation will discuss the difficulties in modeling of wall buildings and will present key results of a blind prediction carried out to observe the community predictive capabilities. The presentation will also highlight the main finding of the analysis carried out to understand the collapse of the Alto Rio buildings.
Bio: Jose I. Restrepo is a Professor in Structural Engineering at UC San Diego. Professor Restrepo was lead structural engineer for the NEES UC San Diego Large High-Performance Outdoor Shake Table, the largest in the United States and second largest worldwide. There he has been leader or collaborator for several landmark large or full-scale experiments, including the testing of a full-scale 7-story bearing wall building. Prof. Restrepo is a fellow of the American Concrete Institute. He has received the Chester Paul Siess Award by the American Concrete Institute, the Charles C. Zollman, Martin Korn and Leslie D. Martin Awards from the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute, the James Cooper Award from the U.S. Federal Highway Administration and the Alfred Noble Award and the Charles Pankow Award of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Dr. Restrepo also holds an adjunct faculty position at the International School for the Reduction of Seismic Risk at the University of Pavia, Italy.
Kyle Rollins
Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brigham Young University
Evaluation of lateral spread prediction equations for M8+ earthquakes
Abstract: Because earthquakes larger than Mw8 are relatively rare, empirical models for predicting lateral spread displacement have not been calibrated for larger magnitude events. In this paper, lateral spread case histories from the Mw8.8 Maule Chile earthquake and the Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake are used to help understand the strengths and weaknesses of various empirical models for predicting lateral spread displacements. Predictions from empirical models commonly used in engineering practice are compared with measured displacements. In addition, recommendations for improving the accuracy of these models are suggested. The model that best matched the measured displacements used local attenuation relationships to predict ground motions rather than simple magnitude and distance terms. In contrast, models that used magnitude and distance directly often predicted unreasonably large displacements for subduction zone earthquake where the horizontal distance to the zone of energy release was often zero over large areas. Nevertheless, soil properties such as the T15 thickness, the fines content, and the mean grain size were useful in predicting displacement. Models that used shear strains typically over-predicted measured displacements but using a depth-based reduction factor improved accuracy. Similarly, current CPT-based empirical equations generally over-predicted measured displacements.
Bio: Kyle Rollins received his BS degree from Brigham Young University and his Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley. After working as a geotechnical consultant, he joined the Civil Engineering faculty at BYU in 1987 following after his father who was previously a geotechnical professor. His research has involved geotechnical earthquake engineering, deep foundation behavior, bridge abutment behavior, collapsible soils and soil improvement techniques. ASCE has recognized his work with the Huber research award, the Wellington prize, and the Wallace Hayward Baker award. In 2009, he was the Cross-Canada Geotechnical lecturer for the Canadian Geotechnical Society. He received the Jorj Osterberg Award from the Deep Foundations Institute in 2014.
Lisheng Shao, Ph.D., P.E., G.E.
Chief Engineer, Hayward Baker, Inc. Western Region
Soil Mixing Improvement for Bridge Abutment under Seismic Loads
Abstract: Soil mixing improvements have been widely used to mitigate soil liquefaction and lateral spreading hazards, to increase foundation bearing capacity, reduce settlement, and improve slope stability, etc. This presentation provides an outline of design procedures and a case history, West Dowling Bridge Abutments improvement and performance during the Anchorage earthquake on November 30, 2018.
Bio: Dr. Shao serves as the chief engineer of Hayward Baker, Inc. Western Region, in charge of ground improvement design, analysis, quality control, and technology development. His work focused on liquefaction mitigation, soft soil improvement under heavy building structures, excavation support, and dam rehabilitation, by vibro stone columns, soil mixing, jet grouting, micropiles, compaction grouting, fracture grouting and permeation grouting, etc. He joined Hayward Baker, Inc in 1997.
He is a Professional Engineer and Geotechnical Engineer registered in California, North Carolina, Hawaii, and Alberta. He received his Ph.D. degree in 1995 from North Carolina State University. He has published over 50 technical papers in geotechnical engineering.
Jonathan P. Stewart, Ph.D., P.E.
Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles
Bridge Foundations and Lateral Spreads: Case History and Analysis Guidelines
Abstract: Two parallel adjacent river-crossing bridges performed differently in response to strong shaking (peak ground acceleration ~0.27g) and liquefaction-induced lateral spreading during the 2010 M7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake. A railroad bridge span collapsed, whereas the adjacent highway bridge survived with one support pier near the river having modest flexural cracking of cover concrete, and a second that settled approximately 50 cm. Cone penetration and geophysical test results are presented along with geotechnical and structural conditions evaluated from design documents. An equivalent-static beam-on-nonlinear-Winkler foundation analysis accurately predicts observed responses when liquefaction-compatible inertia demands are represented as spectral displacements that account for resistance from other bridge components. Pier columns for the surviving bridge effectively resisted lateral spreading demands in part because of restraint provided by the superstructure. Collapse of the surviving bridge is predicted when liquefaction-compatible inertial demands are computed for the individual bent in isolation from other components, and are represented by forces instead of displacements. The poor performance of the settled pier column resulted from bearing capacity failure in a thin liquefiable layer at the shaft tip.
Bio: Click here to read about Dr. Stewart.
Ikuo Towhata
Professor Emeritus, University of Tokyo
Earthquake-induced landslides
Abstract: Earthquake is one of the most important causes of slope failure. One peculiar point about it is that the seismic effect on slope is associated with other causative mechanisms of slope failures and the joint effect triggers the slope failure. Due to this reason, it is not easy to demonstrate the special feature of earthquake-induced landslides probably except that the slope instability is initiated near the mountain summit where seismic energy is focused, inducing strongest shaking. This is in contrast with other kinds of slope failure that start at the knick point where the slope gradient changes.
An interesting cause of landslide related with earthquake was recognized in 1966 in Matsushiro, Japan, where earthquake swarm continued for more than one year. This swarm was associated with boiling of significant amount of water from deep depth. This water came out of magma intrusion, became light when resolved gas evaporated after pressure reduction, came up towards the surface, reduced the effective stress in potential seismic faults, caused many small earthquakes as a consequence and induced distortion at the ground surface. Uplift of the ground surface induced many cracks at the surface and, consequently, landslide occurred at Makiuchi site. Finding this landslide, the author became interested in the effect of water boiling or artesian water pressure on slope stability.
The author encountered seismically-induced slope disaster in which failed slopes had been undergoing artesian pressure. The negative effects of the artesian water pressure are increased probability of landslide under gravity as mentioned above, higher liquefaction potential because of reduced effective stress, and easier lateral flow over long distance due to reduced effective stress and shear resistance.
Considering these issues, the author is developing a methodology to assess the risk of combined disaster under artesian pressure and seismic effects.
Distinguished Visiting Professor, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India, till December 2016
JICA Expert, IIT Hyderabad, India, till March 2017
President of Japanese Geotechnical Society 2014-2016
Vice President for Asia, ISSMGE 2013-2017
Bachelor of Engineering: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Tokyo, March, 1977
Master of Engineering: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Tokyo, March, 1979
Doctor of Engineering: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Tokyo, March, 1982
Academic Experiences:
1982.4.1-1982.9.30 Research Associate, University of Tokyo.
1982.10.1-1983.10.31 Post-Doctoral Fellow, University of British Columbia.
1983.11.16-1985.4.22 Lecturer, University of Tokyo.
1985.4.23-1987.4.22 Assistant Professor, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok.
1986 – Associated Faculty of Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok.
1987.4.23-1987.7.31 Lecturer, University of Tokyo.
1987.8.1-1994.7.15 Associate Professor, University of Tokyo.
1989 – Associated Research Fellow at the Public Works Research Institute, Ministry of Construction.
1994.7.16-2015.3.31 Professor, University of Tokyo
2016.6 Professor Emeritus, University of Tokyo
2015.4.1-Present Visiting Professor, Kanto Gakuin University, Yokohama, Japan
2016.7.25-12.19 Distinguished Visiting Professor, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
Also working for three private sectors: Director of Tohata and Associates (architectural office), Chair of Seirin-sha Company (real estate management) and Technical Advisor for Chuo Kaihatsu Corporation (geotechnical consultant)
Affiliations and Memberships:
Member of the Japanese Geotechnical Society
Life member of the Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society
Member of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
Fellow Member of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers
Member of the Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering
Member of the Japan Landslide Society
Honorary Member of the Nepal Geotechnical Society
Associate Member of Science Council Japan (2014-2020)
Life Fellow of the Indian Geotechnical Society
Fellow of the Japan Federation of Engineering Societies
2009-2012 Vice President, Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering
2013-2017 Vice President for Asia, International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
2014-2016 President, Japanese Geotechnical Society
1985 – Japanese Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Award for the Best Paper by Young Authors
1985 – Awarded by the Minister of Education for the best performance in education by correspondence (in the field of electric engineering.)
1997 – Japanese Geotechnical Society, Award for the Best Paper of the Year 1996
1998-1999 – Shamsher Prakash Research Award, USA, of Soil Dynamics.
2000 – Japanese Geotechnical Society, Award for Distinguished Research Products
2000 – One of the best twelve papers out of 600 at GeoEng2000 Conference at Melbourne
2009 – Japan Society of Civil Engineers; Best book publication award
2015 – Japanese Geotechnical Society; Technological development award
2016 – Seelye Fellowship, University of Auckland, New Zealand
2018 – Shamsher Prakash ISET Award 2018 for Significant Contribution in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, the Indian Society of Earthquake Technology
2019 – Ishihara Lecturer, International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
Fields of Major Interest:
Deformation characteristics of cohesionless soils.
Dynamic analysis of earth structures during earthquakes.
Permanent displacement of ground caused by seismic liquefaction.
Soil improvement by densification and grouting
Microscopic Observation of Granular Behavior of Sand Subjected to Shear
Dynamics of landslide and debris flow.
Mechanical Properties of Municipal Waste Ground
Seismic performance-based design of geotechnical structures
Mitigation of rainfall-induced slope instability
Geotechnical contribution towards solution and decommission of Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant that was damaged by tsunami in 2011
Recent Activities:
Recovery and retrofitting for future of infrastructures (residential islands, river levees and Fukushima No.1 Nuclear Power Plant) that were damaged by the 2011 Tohoku gigantic earthquake; liquefaction and nuclear disaster.
International consulting on seismic safety of dams and embankments.
More than 400 English papers in international journals and conferences, including a comprehensive book on geotechnical earthquake engineering:
Ikuo Towhata (2008) Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, ISBN 978-3-540-35782-7, Springer Verlag – Berlin Heidelberg.
Seven interesting papers in Towhata's life by personal choice:
Ishihara, K. and Towhata, I. (1980) One-dimensional soil response analysis during earthquakes based on effective stress method, Journal of the Faculty of Engineering, University of Tokyo (B), Vol. XXXV, No. 4, pp. 655-700 (computer code for numerical analysis).
Towhata, I. and Ishihara, K. (1985) Shear work and pore water pressure in undrained shear, Soils and Foundations, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 73-84 (experimental verification of unique correlation between excess pore water pressure development and accumulated strain energy).
Towhata, I. and Ishihara, K. (1985) Modelling soil behaviour under principal stress axes rotation, of 5th Int. Conf. Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, Nagoya, Japan, Vol. 1, pp. 523-530 (constitutive model not based on elasto-plasticity formulation).
Towhata, I., Orense, R.P. and Toyota, H. (1999) Mathematical principles in prediction of lateral ground displacement induced by seismic liquefaction, Soils and Foundations, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 1-19 (closed-form solution of lateral flow of liquefied subsoil based on Lagrangean equation of motion).
Itoh, T., Towhata, I., Kawano, Y., Kameda, M., Fukui, S., Koelsch, F. and Yonai, Y. (2005) Mechanical properties of municipal waste deposits and ground improvement, XVIth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Osaka Vol. 4, pp. 2273-2276 (similarity of mechanical behaviors of municipal solid waste and soil).
Tamari, Y. and Towhata, I. (2003) Seismic soil-structure interaction of cross sections of flexible underground structures subjected to soil liquefaction, Soils and Foundations, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 69-87 (seismic earth pressure on retaining walls).
Towhata, I., Taguchi, Y., Hayashida, T., Goto, S., Shintaku, Y., Hamada, Y. and Aoyama, S. (2017) Liquefaction perspective of soil ageing, Geotechnique, Vol. 67, No. 6, pp. 467-478 (case history studies on increase of liquefaction resistance of soil with age).
Joseph Wartman
H.R. Berg Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington
Regional-Scale Forecasting of Coseismic Landslide Displacement
Abstract: Moderate-to-large magnitude earthquakes typically trigger thousands to tens-of-thousands of coseismic landslides over regions exceeding 10,000 km2. These landslides can severely impact the built, social and natural environments by producing, mobilizing, and transporting debris, denuding slopes, and burying roadways and other critical infrastructure. Landslide hazards have traditionally been analyzed at the site-specific scale. However, there is a growing interest, particularly in the policy realm, in assessing seismic landslide hazards over large spatial scales. A key benefit of regional-scale analysis is that it can capture "system-level" performance and spatial propagation of risk within a region. This aspect is essential when considering the effects of landslides on geographically distributed critical infrastructure systems, which are highly susceptible to damage from slope failures. This talk will describe a new physically-based coseismic landslide hazard assessment method, called the multimodal method, to forecast coseismic displacement of slopes across large regions. Several case studies will be presented illustrating how this method can inform seismic risk assessment.
Bio: Joseph Wartman directs the Natural Hazards Reconnaissance Facility (known as the "RAPID") at the University of Washington, where he is the H.R. Berg Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering. A former editor of the ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, he is the author of over 100 professional articles on geologic hazards. In addition to his technical publications, Wartman's essays and op-eds have appeared in the New York Times, the Seattle Times, and the Conversation, among other mainstream media venues. He is the recipient of several research honors awards including, most recently, the Geologic Society of America's Burwell Award in engineering geology.
Nozomu Yoshida
Professor, Research Advancement and Management Organization, Kanto Gakuin University
Professor Emeritus, Tohoku Gakuin University
Simplified Method to Evaluate Liquefaction-Induced Flow
Abstract: Two topics are presented.
At first, fundamental concept of the analysis of liquefaction-induced flow. In the past, it is recognized as a stability criteria, in which post liquefaction behavior is classified into, for example, unlimited flow or limited flow; sometimes it is written as flow and non-flow, or liquefaction and limited liquefaction. It is shown that actual post liquefaction phenomena cannot be explained by this criteria. Then two different criteria are proposed; the one is stability criterion and the other is deformation criterion, and prediction of displacement is possible because of the latter criterion.
Based on deformation criterion, stress-strain curve is modeled into bi-linear model whose shape are either convex or concave depending on soil type. The stiffness of the stress-strain curve is evaluated by laboratory test and by back analysis of the earthquake damage. Here we focused on the final stage of the deformation after liquefaction at which there is no inertia force. They analysis are made by the switch on gravity analysis or layer construction analysis.
A new elastic-plastic stress-strain models are developed for both liquefied and nonliquefied layers for this analysis. In addition, method how to escape hourglass instability is discussed.
Finally, a case study is shown by which proposed method have sufficient accuracy.
1972 – Graduated from Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University
1974 – Obtained a degree of Master of Engineering from Kyoto University
(Earthquake Resistant Structure Section of Disaster Prevention Research Institute)
1977 – Completed the academic studies and satisfied the residence requirements as partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Engineering, Kyoto University
1985 – Granted a degree of Doctor of Engineering by Kyoto University
Thesis "A study on the elastic-plastic behavior of steel braces"
Work Experiences:
1977–1979 – Research Fellow, Earthquake Resistant Structures Section of Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University
1979–2002 – Sato Kogyo co., Ltd.
2002–2005 – Oyo Corporation
2005–2017 – Tohoku Gakuin University
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
2017– – Kanto Gakuin University
Research Advancement and Management Organization
Katerina Ziotopoulou, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis
Numerical modeling of ground deformations at Balboa Blvd. in the 1994 Northridge earthquake
Abstract: Developing the ability to predict liquefaction-induced ground deformation and its effects on infrastructure is key in our ability to prepare for future earthquake events. During the 1994 Northridge earthquake, ground deformation caused the breakage of water and gas pipelines at the Balboa Blvd., which produced craters and fire. Such unexpected failures typically lead to conservative design approaches to prevent similar consequences. This presentation will focus on the numerical simulation of the Balboa Blvd. case history, where significant earthquake-induced ground deformations were observed. The availability of soil, ground motion, and post-earthquake damage records, will be presented and utilized as a validation basis of Nonlinear Deformation Analyses (NDAs). Results will be presented from NDAs on stochastic realizations of interlayered sand and clay stratigraphy estimated from available CPT data. The realizations are produced using a transition probability geostatistical approach, representative soil properties are selected by statistical examination of the properties estimated from the CPT data, and the constitutive models PM4Sand and PM4Silt are used for the sand-like and clay-like materials respectively. Computed lateral displacements will be compared to field observations. These comparisons illustrate that a realistic representation of the site and the dynamic loading conditions can be important for evaluating potential deformations in this site, and could inform future decision-making.
Bio: Katerina Ziotopoulou joined the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at University of California, Davis in August of 2016. Prior to this appointment, she was an Assistant Professor at the Charles E. Via Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Virginia Tech for two years. She received her Ph.D. and MS degrees in Civil Engineering from the University of California, Davis, and her undergraduate Diploma degree in Civil Engineering from the National Technical University of Athens, Greece. Currently, her research focuses on the numerically and experimentally studying ground failure due to liquefaction during earthquakes and its mitigation. Her goals are to: (a) improve our understanding of the response of liquefiable soil-structure systems, (b) perform reliable numerical simulations, and develop and deliver usable numerical simulation tools, and through these (c) facilitate advances in the performance-based design across a range of geosystems. Her work is currently funded by the National Science Foundation, the Center for Biomediated and Bioinspired Geotechnics, the Transportation Research Board, and Caltrans. In parallel, she is also working on developing mentoring practices and tools focused on promoting and supporting underrepresented groups.
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January 2020 Dinner Meeting
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text:
Q: How do I work out the odds of choosing five matching pairs from a selection of ten items? Here's the example.
I have 10 boxes consisting of 5 matching pairs of items (red gloves, red socks, blue socks, gold earrings, diamond earrings).
What are the odds of choosing two boxes with the same contents to complete a pair at each stage of the game?
Assuming the first two boxes are opened and they are matching red gloves, the odds would be...? Then the second two boxes are opened and they are matching diamond earrings, the odds are then...?
Presumably as each pair is opened and they match, the odds of matching the next two boxes become more likely as the variables decrease, but the odds that I managed to match them all in succession get less likely?

A: You don't require conditional probability to solve this.
You have 10 items hidden in boxes, consisting of 5 paired items.
There is no bias on selecting boxes in each stage.
The Total Space consists of $\Box$ ways to pick any boxes 2 at a time.
The Favored Space consists of $\Box$ ways to pick pairs each time.
The probability is therefore: $$\frac{\Box}{\Box}$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Manicure Nail Art Proceeds Digital. While many nail experts can create sophisticated masterpieces with a free-hand technique applying sharp brushes, or by using a stencil, a new digitized method in nail fine art application has been introduced. The nails are cleaned and trimmed, just as they would become for a normal manicure, and a base coat is produced on and left to dry. After that, a special polish is given to allow the nail design to stick properly. While it sets, a design can be selected by the client. Next, the patient's hand is placed in a cradle under a machine that sprays the design from the printer onto the nails. The printer is set to stop the process should the client accidentally move all their hand. Although most devices have a wide selection of nail artwork designs to choose from, it is also possible for the client to create their own motif and have it scanned in to the machine.
Communiquerenligne - Tradition of ivory jewelry in india. Nowadays, however, ivory is mostly used to create jewelry it is no surprise, therefore, that the tradition of ivory jewelry in india may have pre dated the vedas india has a long, colourful and varied relationship with jewelry and ivory is a substance that has been highly regarded for literally ages. Indian jewelry jewelry in india, traditional indian. People of that civilization used to make beads out of gold, silver, copper, clay, ivory and even wood the excavated carried out there came out with finished and unfinished beads from the site bridal jewelry india has great tradition of wedding jewelry. All about antique ivory bead jewelry utsavpedia. In india states like rajasthan, odisha and west bengal are known for their exquisite ivory jewelry a tradition of gifting ivory bangles to brides as they leave for their married homes is a prevalent practice. Traditional jewellery of india. Traditional jewelry of india; bibliography indian women; bibliography indian women articles shell, bone and stone the material used changed in time to ivory, copper and semi precious stones and then to silver, gold and precious stones, but our rich tribal heritage can be seen in the flower motif which is basic to indian jewellery designs. Ivory ornaments in india free home designs. Tradition of ivory jewelry in india discover the unique items that moderationcorner creates ivory ornaments in india are you looking to relocate from the usa to india ivory carving the carving or shaping of ivory into sculptures ornaments and decorative or utilitarian articles meaning pronunciation translations and examples. Traditional indian jewelry by indiatradition on etsy. This is a shop of traditional items from india like indian bangles, indian anklets, indian bindis, and indian jewelry, tassel necklaces, etc contact shop owner raadhika ranganathan pilla. Antique ivory bracelet value best 2000 antique decor ideas. Tradition of ivory jewelry in india how much is ivory jewelry worth the best photo search all lots skinner auctioneers what is antique ivory jewelry worth the best photo busacca gallery antique african hand made ivory silver bangle genuine elephant ivory bangle bracelet fine 10mm dragon carved elephant ivory bangle bracelets. Traditional jewelry of india, traditional indian jewelry. Indian jewellery jewelry in india has been an unbroken tradition for over 5,000 years such is the skill of indian jewelers that with time, the real flowers and leaves used by our ancestors inspired them to recreate the gifts of nature in gold and silver. Ivory carving. Ivory carving there is a long and rich history of ivory carving in india over the course of its millennia of artistic expression, several natural sources of ivory, antler, and bone were utilized interchangeably to fashion a wide variety of objects. How much is old ivory jewelry worth the best photo. Tradition of ivory jewelry in india elephant ivory necklaces jewelry jewelrykingdomhawaii eo jewelry is back here s what you need to know get in on the 3 best ways to tell ivory from bone wikihow tradition of ivory jewelry in india elephant ivory necklaces jewelry jewelrykingdomhawaii.


text:
Live at Llangollen is a live concert video by Welsh mezzo-soprano Katherine Jenkins, which was released on DVD on 4 December 2006. The concert was filmed at the Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod on 9 July 2006.

The concert features the tenor Nicky Spence as a special guest, Anthony Inglis and the National Symphony Orchestra. The DVD also features all of Jenkins' previous promotional videos, made available for the first time, and a rendition of "You'll Never Walk Alone" from the BBC archives.

Track listing
 "Introduction"
 "Ruslan and Lyudmila Overture"
 "L'Amore Sei Tu" ("I Will Always Love You")
 "O mio babbino caro"
 "Cymru Fach"
 "Maria" (from West Side Story)
 "All I Ask of You" (from The Phantom of the Opera)
 "O Sole Mio"
 "Dafyff y Garreg Wen" ("David of the White Rock")
 "Be My Love"
 "Carmen Overture and Prelude"
 "Habanera" (from Carmen)
 "Seguedilla" (from Carmen)
 "Chanson Boheme" (from Carmen)
 "Somewhere Over the Rainbow"
 "Time to Say Goodbye"
 "Calon Lân"
 "The National Anthem"
 "Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau" ("Land of My Fathers")

 Bonus material
 "Questo e per te"
 "Time to Say Goodbye"
 "L'Amore Sei Tu" ("I Will Always Love You")
 "Quello che farò"
 "You'll Never Walk Alone"

Certifications

References

Katherine Jenkins video albums
2006 live albums
2006 video albums
Live video albums
Universal Classics and Jazz live albums
Universal Classics and Jazz video albums

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
"The pandemic is uncovering many health deficiencies"
"The pandemic is uncovering many health deficiencies"
1 year ago Admin
crises in the Island Hospital of Gran Canaria. Dozens of attached doctors, against the direction. There are more than a hundred doctors attached to different services of the Insular-Mother-Child University Hospital Complex (Chuimi)including professionals from Emergency, Anesthesiology and Surgerythose who have signed a letter addressed to the director of the Canary Islands Health Service (SCS), Conrad Dominguezand the Minister of Health, Blas Trujillo, to demand the resignation of the center's management team.
Rebellion in the Insular-Maternal: Dozens of attached doctors, against the direction
Manuel Fuentes, assistant to the emergency service of the Gran Canaria hospital complex, has pointed out that the shortcomings of Canarian health "are being uncovered with the pandemic." "Many of the deficiencies of health are uncovered. Not only in the Canary Islands, but at a national level, and one of them is the lack of the specialty of emergency medicine", he added in an interview at COPE Gran Canaria.
He has ensured that "I understand the direction-management, as I understand the surgeons. I think the intentionality is good, since it has put a doctor to support us on duty, but I also understand the surgeons, they do not feel useful working in a service of emergencies".
"Because, what is an ophthalmologist doing seeing ankle fractures or seeing an otorhinolaryngological problem or suppurating wounds or pathologies of this type? . On the other hand, in emergencies an autonomous person is needed, who does not need supervision and who knows what to do at all times"he wonders.
A surgeon from the Insular: "They are discrediting the emergency service"
In addition, consider that "The situation has arisen due to a defect, both in time, because it was late, and in form, since it was an order given quickly, expressly, from one day to the next, as an ultimatum, and without no prior consensus, neither with the surgical service nor with the emergency department. This has led to the resignation of the head of the surgical service, who has put his position at the disposal of the hospital, and the refusal of the rest of his team to carry out said shifts ".
Regarding the lack of emergency physicians, he denounces that there is currently no specialized training, since right now they are fed by family and community doctors, who have their residency in the emergency room because it is part of their rotation. "They are doctors who have been trained in Insular, since they know how the service works. They start working as assistants and after 3, 4 or 5 years they can already consider themselves independent, autonomous and self-reliant. The problem is that, after those years, when these associates see that they cannot reconcile work and family life, they resign and have to hire a new doctor. This means starting the training from scratch"Add.
"We have been denouncing this situation for a long time, the flight of these doctors already trained in emergency medicine"sentence.
Tags: doctor, Emergencies, Health, Insular, pandemic, shortcomings, uncovering
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Fantasy Forest Sparrow Escape info about the game-Games2Rule.
In this escape game, someone trapped a Sparrow in this Fantasy forest. You need to rescue the Sparrow from that place by finding useful objects, hints and solving puzzle.


text:
Thought Leader: Natalie Anne Knowlton's research has provided an important foundation for regulatory reform efforts
Legal Rebels Profile
Thought Leader: Natalie Anne Knowlton's research has provided an important foundation for regulatory reform efforts
February 1, 2023, 12:05 am CST
By Stephanie Francis Ward
(Photo of Natalie Anne Knowlton by Elevate Photography/ABA Journal)
When states consider law firm ownership and limited law practice by nonlawyers, a common attorney criticism is that such regulation changes will create a tiered legal system that would give an advantage to people represented by lawyers.
The discussions mostly involve state supreme courts and bar associations and their members, while consumers are rarely invited, says Natalie Anne Knowlton, a Colorado lawyer who spent 14 years with the Institute for the Advancement of the American Legal System, the last six years as director of special projects.
"Maybe you'd rather have a Toyota than a Mercedes-Benz," Knowlton says of consumers and legal representation choices.
Her work for the IAALS, an independent research center housed at the University of Denver, has provided data and reference for states that have overhauled or are considering modifying their unauthorized practice of law regulations to allow for alternative business structures, limited nonlawyer practice or some combination thereof.
For instance, she helped spearhead Cases Without Counsel, an empirical research study that led to two IAALS publications focused on unrepresented parties in family court.
Pro se litigants interviewed often thought court staff was reluctant to provide information, while court staff who participated in the study spoke of the difficulties of helping these litigants without giving legal advice, Knowlton says.
"People don't understand the line between giving legal advice and information," she says, adding that consumers often felt everyone working in the court system was saying no to them, which creates tension. "And judges are concerned about how to balance their duty to remain neutral with their duty to dispense justice."
The pro se litigants also were asked why they did not obtain counsel. Cost was a significant factor, as were experiences with lawyers and a sense they could self-represent, the survey found.
"We heard from some that getting an attorney in a family law case automatically made them feel that the matter was going to be a lot more formal than it needed to be," Knowlton says. "We also heard, 'I don't want to drag our kids through this big legal mess, so we're going to try to do it ourselves.'"
In August, she left the IAALS to co-found Access to Justice Ventures with fellow 2023 Legal Rebel Zachariah DeMeola. Knowlton describes the offering as a "justice ecosystem that prioritizes the public interest above all else, and we want to provide support in both creating that ecosystem and support to those operating in that ecosystem."
"We intend to make what we know freely accessible through our website, and we are available for more bespoke consulting as well," she explains.
According to her, Access to Justice Ventures' audience will be legislatures, legal professionals, "law adjacent professionals" and the public. "We can never really speak on behalf of someone else. It is critical that legal consumers have a voice," she says.
Technology will figure in too. "I want to support tech startups that in some way reach and directly benefit legal consumers," says Knowlton, 42.
The 2008 graduate of the University of Denver Sturm College of Law initially thought she wanted to do international human rights law. She also has a graduate degree in international studies from the university, and during law school, Knowlton externed with the United Nations' International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia.
"When I went to law school, I knew right away I didn't want to practice law in the traditional sense," she says. "I was interested in systems and systemic change."
Legal Rebels Class of 2023
Stacy Butler
Josh Blandi
Zachariah DeMeola
Sonja Ebron and Debra Slone of Courtroom5
Natalie Anne Knowlton
Uzoma Orchingwa and Gabriel Saruhashi of Ameelio
Patrick Palace
Janis C. Puracal
In This Podcast:
Legal Rebels | Legal Rebels Profiles
Freedom Fight: Working tirelessly to free her brother from prison inspired Janis Puracal's Forensic Justice Project
Building Bridges: Patrick Palace draws on his experience to demystify technology and push for regulatory reforms
True Calling: Ameelio platform helps inmates communicate more easily with family and get an education
Self-Taught: Courtroom5 founders educate pro se litigants and prepare them for court
Developing an Identity: Zachariah DeMeola created a holistic way for law students to find where they fit into the profession
14 Years of Legal Rebels
Tweets by @LegalRebels
Reddit Links for ABAJournal.com


Last edited by saschat on 04 Nov 2013, 19:07, edited 2 times in total.
something wrong with the site address.
is this one http://linux-lu.no-ip.org/pointlinux/Point%20Linux%20Mate%20Full%202.2%20Install%20Guide.pdf correct?
It would be great to put it on wiki.pointlinux.org. Do you know wiki markup?
Pry when you want i can you give the raw word document?
Wiki Publisher: the Wiki Publisher extension lets you create Wiki articles on MediaWiki servers without having to know MediaWiki markup language. You can publish new and existing documents to a wiki page, transparently with Writer. Wiki Publisher supports essential text attributes such as headings, hyperlinks and lists, as well as simple tables. Images are also supported if already uploaded to the wiki site. Automatic images uploading is not currently supported. This is the perfect extension if you want to make existing documentations and specifications available on MediaWiki servers. Just load the document and invoke the Extension via the "Send – MediaWiki Server" command. A dialog box guides you through the publication process.


Ram has taken the wraps off another version of the all-new 2019 Ram 1500 – the Ram 1500 Lone Star edition. The "Texas Truck" is debuting today at the Dallas Auto Show.
The 2019 Ram 1500 Lone Star edition features bright front and rear bumpers, chrome door handle centers, a bright grille surround with billet inserts, 18-inch aluminum wheels, fog lamps, 60/40 split rear bench seat and leather-wrapped steering wheel with audio controls. Monochromatic "Sport" and "Black" appearance packages are available as well.
The Lone Star edition is only available in Texas and the unique Ram 1500 is distinguished by "Lone Star" tailgate and interior badges. The Lone Star will initially be offered with the 5.7-liter HEMI V-8, while the HEMI with the eTorque mild hybrid system is also available. A 3.6-liter V-6 Pentastar with eTorque will be offered later.


Att kunna säkerställa rätt färgval blir allt mer avgörande för hur en kommande kollektion eller produkt skall tas emot av marknaden. Vi erbjuder några av världens främsta arbetsredskap för att hålla kontroll på allt ifrån RGB färger, CMYK färger, PMS färger till Pantones proffesionella färgsystem vare sig du jobbar med textiltryck eller färgtryck och oavsett vilken bransch du är verksam inom.
ColourHouse har varit Skandinaviens fasta Pantone & D.Cipher leverantör & samarbetspartner i över 35 år och det arbetet fortsätter att utvecklas!
Pantone - Arbetar du inom textilbranschen, grafisk industri, plastindustri eller digital industri – gå till Pantone i menyn.
D.Cipher – Är det inspiration och att det är ett levande färgsystem, där det hela tiden byggs på med säsongens nya färger, som känns viktigast – får du inte missa d ciphers underbara färgsystem!
RAL - Ett system mest känt inom de stora områdena som industri, byggnation, bil, m.m. men levererar också ett system för design med mycket låg avvikelsetolerans. RAL har olika produkter för metall, plast, papper med provmaterial i A4 format.
What do the different PANTONE suffixes mean?
"CV" = computer video. This designation is used to denote that a color is an electronic simulation of a PANTONE Color. It is used in older versions of software applications that license PANTONE Colors, e.g., Adobe Illustrator, Macromedia FreeHand, QuarkXPress, Adobe Photoshop, etc.
"CVC" = computer video, coated paper. This denotes electronic simulation of the color specifically as it appears on coated paper; "CVU" does the same on uncoated paper.
In May 2010, the PANTONE PLUS SERIES was introduced, which is a sweeping upgrade to the PANTONE MATCHING SYSTEM, including the addition of 224 brand-new colors, new paper stocks, and a new chromatic re-arrangement of the colors. As part of this upgrade the guides and books on Matte coated paper were discontinued. PANTONE Color Manager software is offered free of charge to purchasers of any PANTONE PLUS SERIES products, allowing for digital update of PANTONE libraries within licensed software applications. The software is also available for purchase; please contact your appropriate Pantone office location for details.
CP = coated paper, process simulation, i.e., PANTONE 185 CP (used in PANTONE+ COLOR BRIDGE COATED).
UP = uncoated paper, process simulation, i.e., PANTONE 185 UP (used in PANTONE+ COLOR BRIDGE UNCOATED).
PC = process simulation, coated paper, i.e., PANTONE 185 PC.
UP= uncoated paper, process simulation, i.e., PANTONE 185 UP.
EC - Euro process simulation, coated paper, i.e., PANTONE 185 EC. This was used in the European version which is now obsolete.


True or false, high control board operator loadings are usually caused by unplanned abnormal events, such as equipment failures? True you say? Guess again. In talking about abnormal situation management, speculation has run rampant on the exact nature and frequency of unplanned abnormal events. What the debate is sorely lacking is some objective data that is sampled from across the industry from which sound decisions can be made. The reality, based on data from Beville Engineering�s job sampling database, is that high control board loadings are seldom caused by unplanned abnormal events. Furthermore, they are not necessarily always bad and, in fact, many high loadings are a reflection of operators coping with long stretches of low process activity and periods of boredom.
Beville Engineering, Inc. has been studying control board operator loading for the past two decades and compiled a database of job loadings from across the petrochemical industry. The data, collected through a variation of time and motion study that Beville refers to as job sampling, contains a collection of job related activities that operators were observed performing over the course of four hour sample periods. In the database, the job related activities are delineated into standardized task categories containing both the length of time for each task and its frequency. Each individual task category is summed to form an overall loading representing the total percentage of time spent completing job related tasks.
Currently, Beville�s database contains 225 control board operator samples. The samples were collected between 7-11 AM and 3-7 PM. The sampling periods are intended to capture the operators at their busiest, when maintenance personnel are beginning their activities, and a somewhat slower activity period in the afternoon when the operators are catching up on daily tasks. Graveyards are not sampled since the high end of the workload spectrum is the area of most concern.
Recently, the database was analyzed and the top quartile studied to find commonalties and trends in the causes of high job loading. The data were found to generally fall into eleven different causal categories. The following figure contains the data rank-ordered by number of samples falling into each of the categories. Of the fifty-seven samples from the top quartile, the most frequent cause of high loading, at fifteen occurrences, was due to high administrative/logging activities. The second highest cause, accounting for nine of the samples, was due to the operators completing special projects (material balance, revising drawings, etc.). Third highest, accounting for seven of the samples, was engineers running equipment tests (those pesky engineers, this is actually how Chernobyl started).
Surprisingly, unplanned equipment failures and upstream /downstream unit problems accounted for only 6 of the samples. In comparison to all of the control board samples, 4% of the samples could be classified as unplanned abnormal situations that significantly affected the board loadings over a four hour sample of time. Many of the events that could be classified as abnormal do not significantly increase the average loading over a four hour sample. One reason is that the positions are so under loaded that even with an abnormal event, the positions are still only marginally loaded. Other causes are that the operators are able to control the situation in a relatively short period of time, thus avoiding significant prolonged upsets.
In summary, most of the high control board operator loadings are the result of planned activities. Only a small percentage (4%) were the result of what could be called unplanned abnormal events (i.e., equipment failures or feed/rundown disturbances). However, small disturbances can end up costing millions of dollars in lost production or equipment damage.
The next logical step in the analysis is to examine how much the upsets added to the positions� loadings. It is Beville�s practice to re-sample any position that has unusual activities occurring during the sampling. Our next newsletter will examine the difference between the upset samples and resamples and the implications for controller loading targets. Stay Tuned.


text:
Advice on how to approach a second date.
By mmaturen
December 11, 2013 in Dating Advice
mmaturen
Hello there people, Last week I had lunch with a girl I once shares an acting class with, and im really looking forward to see her again. We have had seldom chats over whatsapp, and I got invited yesterday to a film premier on Thursday night, so I wrote to ask her if she would like to come. She has a previous commitment and she can´t go. So I ended the chat with "If you feel like having lunch this week let me know" sort of the ball is in her court now.
My question is, shall I just leave it like that? I mean perhaps she won't ask me for lunch just yet because it may be to forward of her….
But then I don't want o come out to pushy having just said you tell me when, and the go and ask her out…..
missmarple
Yes, leave it like that. If you invite her again after you've told her to let you know, it will come accross as desperate. If she's interested in you, she'll let you know. It's not forward at all since you were the one who invited her both to the film premier and for lunch. Actually, it's a good way to know if she's interested without looking pushy. The ball is in her court, as you said.
That sounds so casual. If you wanted to have lunch with her, you should have just asked. Like how is she supposed to know that you like her? Honestly, I would follow up...but be direct...say 'i'd like to take you out...'
DancingFool
^This. A not quite an actual invitation for lunch? That wouldn't even begin to clue me in that you are interested in me. It's more like hey, if you are bored and feel like hanging out give me a shout....mmm....yeah....won't be hearing from me.....
Follow up, be direct and ask for a date. If she is still busy and doesn't tell you when she is free, then she is not interested. Right now, she may not have a clue about your intentions and most women will not call you for lunch.
Thanks now that you put it on under that light it makes sense the question is how long should I wait to ask her so as to not sound insecure or desperate given that I told her to call me?
Help; hes ignoring me idk why
By Daphne, Wednesday at 12:36 AM
guy behaviour
Expectations, second date 1 2
By oldworld, November 29, 2022
Retroactive jealousy is affecting our relationship, what should we do?
By informalheron112, October 21, 2022
retroactive jealousy
poorlittlefish
What do you do when a woman says her relationship is complicated
By zootopia, October 12, 2022


TVB actress Eliza Sam (岑麗香) and her boyfriend of nearly two years, Joshua, tied the knot in a lovely ceremony held in Vancouver, Eliza's hometown in Canada. Both Chinese Canadians, the 32-year-old actress and her husband started off the day with a traditional Chinese wedding tea ceremony, followed by a Christian ceremony in the Ebenezer Baptist Church.
On Saturday morning, Joshua and his groomsmen arrived earlier to knock on Eliza's hotel door, to play wedding door games. To take her hand in marriage, Joshua and his groomsmen had to be teased and tested by Eliza's bridesmaids, which included Linda Chung (鐘嘉欣), Leanne Li (李亞男), Christine Kuo (苟芸慧), and more. One of Joshua's last obstacles was to pick up grapes with his toes.
After completing the traditional Chinese marriage ceremonies, Eliza and Joshua changed into their Western wedding outfits and greeted the press in front of their church. Eliza wore a white faux fur shawl over her wedding gown, while Joshua had on a gray black tux. Joshua was nervous meeting the reporters for the first time, and held onto Eliza's hand tightly.
Close family and friends were in attendance when Eliza and Joshua exchanged vows. Eliza was in tears when she saw both of their parents sitting among the crowd. Joshua quickly pulled out a tissue to wipe her tears.
Around 4 p.m. the newlyweds and their guests arrived at the Fairmont Vancouver Hotel for their 30-table wedding reception. The venue was renovated into a princess's lair, dominated with pink flowers and brown teddy bears. Eliza changed into her wedding kua to greet the reporters. She hung two golden pigs around her neck and golden bangles around her wrists, as per Chinese wedding custom. The newlyweds shared a few kisses and hugs upon the reporters' requests.
Eliza thanked the reporters for their blessings. She shared that she's been too busy to plan for a honeymoon, but they plan to take short trip after their wedding. Joshua, who has been living in Vancouver all this time, plan to move to Hong Kong for Eliza. Smiling in bliss, the TVB actress said that they no longer have to go through a long-distance relationship. Children are in their plans for the future.
Congratulations, Eliza and Joshua. Have a happy and everlasting marriage.
Eliza looked super sweet and pretty in her wedding.
Her wedding dress looks much better than the previous one. The next one might be Grace Wong because she's also engaged. Congrats to them.
Eliza Sam had quite a nice and luxurious wedding reception (30 tables as reported) at Fairmont Hotel Vancouver which is a very nice hotel in prime downtown Vancouver.
What is Joshua's last name? Did not seem to find it in the above article.
aawww she is so cute! they are so cute ! congratz!
eliza and joshua's wedding feels so romantic. he seems to be very considerate too…whipping out a piece of tissue to wipe her tears and relocating to HK for her.


text:
January - 2023 issue
Honcho Baby
Honcho Baby: Creating Incredibly Comfy, Unique & Soft Cocoon for Little Ones
Sathish Kumar P.
Gone are the days when parents would buy clothes that would fit the child for 3-4 years. Today, parents are spending more time and money to ensure that their baby looks stylish at all times. They are more conscious about the kind of clothes, the fit of the clothes, while also ensuring the comfort of the child. This has motivated brands to make more comfortable and stylish clothes for children, and offered growth opportunities to more startups providing high quality, comfortable and trendy clothes for children. A popular Indian baby company known for its distinctive styling of infants from birth to age three is Honcho Baby. The company's goal is to provide infant items that are up to worldwide standards for both innovation and quality. Every one of their designs is meticulously crafted and personalized with lovely, fun patterns that showcase their meticulous attention to every last detail.
Exclusive Range of Products
Launched by four textile graduates in 2020, Honcho baby has undergone incredible growth in the baby products industry. Honcho Baby's journey started when the idea to make swaddles and baby towels was put across by one of the hospital management staff to one of the founders, supplying bed linen to the establishment. Through intensive research, it
was found that the baby apparel market lacked diversity. Preferring a minimalist approach when it came to designing, a strong focus was laid on the materials (which would be good for the babies) by the founders finding a gap in the market and thus they aimed to bridge this gap through their own line of products. "We did research for more than eight months, after getting a lot of input from our aunt who is a Gynecologist and tried the products with our relatives and friend's babies. We choose the platform to be in e-Commerce. We set a vision to create minimalistic, functional, ecological, unisex outfits that were timelessly stylish in a global standard", shares Sathish Kumar P., Co-Founder.
Honcho Baby's goal is to provide infant items that are up to worldwide standards for both innovation and quality
Honcho Baby designs products for children ranging from newborns to three years old. Its list of products include Baby swaddles, Knot Jablas, Nappies, Sleeveless tops, Shorts, Full sleeved tops, pants, dresses, bloomers, reversible blankets, washcloths, bibs, towels, booties, caps, and mittens. The company's main USP lies in the quality of its product which ensures complete comfort and breath ability for the babies. "We have got abundant feedback praising our product's fabric quality as outstanding. Our products suit baby skin as they are facing issues with other products where the babies become prone to allergic conditions. Our choice of chemical free dyes, and printing techniques withstand lots of washing while staying bright and soft. Our elastic encased waistbands are designed for non stop comfort to eliminate the rub and easy pull-on. Our products are made with cute and fresh prints in 100 percent premium quality cotton muslin fabric", says Sathish Kumar P.
The Path Ahead
The company, starting with just one product which was swaddles for babies, has now expanded to include 15 products sized up to three years, with 10 more products to be launched in this year. The Honcho Baby team has plans to implement its tiny store franchise in major cities as well as make its product available in foreign markets. It also has plans to introduce special bedding and winter basics by the end of the year. Making things more use ful and including moms as special add-ons is on its list of priorities.
Citta: A Premium Baby Bath & Skincare Brand...


Shirley L. Coburn Phelps, 82, of Fairfield, died at Bridgeport Hospital on Dec. 30, 2010, on her 64th wedding anniversary.
Born in Stamford, she was the daughter of the late Alphonse and Margaret Finter Coburn, and had been a Fairfield resident most of her life.
In addition to her husband, Richard Phelps, she is survived by a daughter, Deborah L. Phelps and husband Steven Shuman of Torrington and several grandchildren.
Private funeral services will be held. Arrangements were made by the Redgate-Hennessy Funeral Home in Trumbull.
To send online condolences, go to www.redgatehennessy.com.


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